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those in Knights, it is clear that Carnes did not bargain away

the scope of rights that Knights did. 


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Carnes’s status as a parolee i

balance. Parolees do not enjoy afforded the average citizen. See MThey have previously been found allows the state to impose "extenliberty. Id. at 483. Similarly, ththey may be sent back to jail foperfectly lawful for the average ci

In assessing the governmental i

concerns articulated in Knights w

are applicable. However, a brief acto parolees is warranted. Paroleesmore likely than the average citiz1998, of 6,134,200 total persupervision, jail, or prison, 696,3Department of Justice, Bureau of Parole in the United States, 2001 D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, of parolees were returned to jail or U.S. Department of Justice, Burea

and Parole in the United Sta(Washington D.C.: U.S. DepartmIn 1999, 14.4% of all Federal Pterminated because of a new crimuse, and 4.3% because of theiDepartment of Justice, Bureau of Federal Justice Statistics, 1999 ND.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 

Assessing Carnes’s privacy inte

expectations when negotiating including Michigan Regulations aaccepted the terms of his parole. C
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government cites United States v. Knights, 112 S. Ct. 587,593 (2001). 


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Paying particular attention to the facts of Knights’s case,

the Court rejected the proposition that the government cansearch all probationers and parolees without a warrant andprobable cause. Rather, the Court described Knights’s ownprobation search condition as a "salient circumstance"affecting the "6$)  L"#M )$'%& "%$' L?#%)#M F*% L&M$! "#$ '$6 '*'%)%$")$&*)"' )# 6"%$ E'#*'J%"0--B!#'%'&&&C8    
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, 263 F.3d legality of a person’s possession their Fourth Amendment standingexpectation of privacy in the six tap
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However, with respect to the seventh tape, the one found

under Kellum’s home, Carnes had no expectation of privacy.

Since the decision in Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347(1967), it has been the law that "capacity to claim theprotection of the Fourth Amendment depends . . . uponwhether the person who claims the protection of theAmendment has a legitimate expectation of privacy inthe invaded place." Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 143(1978). A subjective expectation of privacy is legitimateif it is " ‘one that society is prepared to recognize as"reasonable," ’ " id., at 143-144, n.12, quoting Katz,

supra, at 361 (Harlan, J., concurring).

Minnesota v. Olson, 495 U.S. 91, 95 (1990). Carnes never

lived at this house and certainly was not present in it or inpossession of the recorder or the tape when Kellum turnedthem over to the police. It would be unreasonable for him toclaim an expectation of privacy with respect to something thathe had no control or dominion over. Therefore, we hold thatthe district court properly admitted the seventh tape intoevidence. 

D.

The government’s argument, relied upon by the district

court, that the special needs of law enforcement allowed thegovernment to seize and listen to the six tapes seized at 1731Harmon, is unavailing. 
$&
$483 U.S. 868

(1987), the Supreme Court *$& "#" "# *$%F*)% )*!'"$)' 6"%$) "&I')%$&'6;$&"#$ !$& ?$ )!$"J%"/.#  

 

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At the suppression hearing, the g

tapes were seized to help establish requirement of Carnes’s parole agrv. Carnes, 51 F.Supp.2d 829 (E.D. the tapes were not listened to uhearing shows that they were nsubsequently listened to, pursuangranted the government for supervistages of this case, the government why it did not listen to the tapes ishortly after, they were seized. To now offers reasons why the tapes cannot entertain them. Where th"special needs" of law enforcemillegal search and seizure, a court motivations of individual officerKnights, 112 S. Ct. 587, 593 (20U.S. at 875 (suggesting that speciconfined in scope). Here, there officers who seized the six tapes omotivated by a desire to establish a requirement of Carnes’s parole government’s failure to listen to thparole hearing suggests some othe

E.

Finally, the government argues t

circumstances, Carnes had a diprivacy such that the usual Fourth were not applicable to him. F