REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

ApPENDIX E-2. S02 PSD NETTING ANALYSIS

This section describes the procedure for PSD netting and details the netting results for S02' Table EI describes the common abbreviations used in this section and Table &2 presents several common

conversion factors.

TABLE E-l. COMMON ABBREVIATIONS DEFINED

Abbreviation Definition

Btu/scf British thermal units per standard cubic feet

hr/yr hours per year

kg kilograms

lb/hr pounds per hour

lb/ton pounds per short ton

IblMMscf pounds per million standard cubic feet

MMBtuJhr million British thermal units per hour

mt metric tons

mtpd metric tons per day

mtph metric tons per hour

Nm3 standard cubic meters

Nm3/hr standard cubic meters per hour

ppm parts per million

st short tons

stpd short tons per day

tpy short tons per year

TABLE E-2. COMMON CONVERSION FACTORS

2,0001b 1 st

1 mt 1.1 st

2.21b lkg

1 day 24 hours

8,760 hrs = 1 year

365 days 1 year

GCC Dacotah E-1 Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

1.1 PSD NETTING PROCEDURE

This section outlines the procedure for determining the net emissions change for SO" The procedure

is based on the suggested emissions netting procedure in the Draft EPA New Source Review (NSR)

Workshop Manual for PSD and nonattainment area permitting.1 A six-step procedure is used for

determining the net emissions change as summarized below:

I. Determine the emissions increases from the proposed project?

2. Determine the beginning and ending dates of the contemporaneous period as it relates to the

proposed modification.

3. Determine which emissions units at the source experienced (or will experience, including any

proposed decreases resulting from the proposed project) a creditable increase or decrease in

emissions during the contemporaneous period.

4. Determine which emissions changes are creditable.

S. Determine, on a poJJutant-by-poJJutant basis, the amount of each contemporaneous and creditable

emissions increase and decrease.

6. Sum a]] contemporaneous and creditable increases and decreases with the increase from the

proposed modification to determine if a significant net emissions increase wiJJ occur.

Each ofthe netting procedure steps is further elaborated in the fo]]owing subsections.

1.1.1 EMISSIONS INCREASES FROM THE PROPOSED PROJECT

In this step, the emissions increases from the proposed project are computed on a

po]]utant-by-po]]utant basis. These increases include both emissions that result from a

physical modification to a source and emissions from sources associated with the

physicaJJy modified sources. A PSD review applies only to those regulated po]]utants with

. a significant emissions increase from proposed modification; emission decreases are not

considered at this step. The computed emissions increase is compared to the PSD

significance level shown in Table E-3, and a PSD review is required ifthe proposed project

wi]] result in a significant emissions increase (i.e., an emissions increase in excess ofthe,

PSD significance level).

TABLE E-3. PSD SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL FOR S02

Pollutant

PSD Significance Level

(tpy)

SO" .

40

1 EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, New Source Review Workshop Manual: Prevention of

Significant Deterioration and Nonatlainment Area Permilling, DRAFT, October J990.

2 This is a retroactive PSD application and thus, a majority of the "proposed" project has already been constructed,

GCC Dacotah E-2 Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

1.1.2 CONTEMPORANEOUS PERIOD

The contemporaneous period begins on the date five years prior to construction

commencing. The period ends on the date the emissions increase from the propCEed

modification occurs. For this project, the contemporaneous period begins September 1989

and ends in 1996.

1.1.3 EMISSIONS INCREASES AND DECREASES DURING THE CONTEMPORANEOUS

PERIOD

Creditable emissions increases within the contemporaneous period are associated with a

physical change or change in the method of operation at a source which did not require a

PSD permit. Decreases are associated with a physical change or change in the method of

operation that are creditable, or reductions in actual emissions from a federally-enforceable

emission limit. Once the decrease has been made federally-enforceable, any proposed

increase above the federally-enforceable level must constitute a physical change or change

in the method of operation at the source or the reduction is not considered creditable.

1.1.4 CREDITABLE EMISSIONS CHANGES

An increase or decrease is creditable only if the relevant reviewing authority has not relied

upon it in previously issuing a PSD permit and the permit is in effect when the increase

from the proposed modification occurs. For pollutants with PSD increments, an increase

or decrease in actual emissions which occurs before the baseline date in an area is

creditable only ifit would be considered in calculating how much of an increment remains

available for the pollutant in question. A decrease is creditable only to the extent that it is

federally-enforceable from the moment that the actual construction begins on the proposed

modification to the source. The decrease must occur before the propored emissions

increase occurs. A source cannot take credit for a decrease that it has had to make, or will

have to make, in order to bring an emissions unit into compliance. Furthermore, a source

cannot take credit for an emission reduction from potential emissions from an emissions

unit which was permitted, but never built or operated.

1.1.5 AMOUNT OF THE EMISSIONS INCREASE AND DECREASE

An emissions increase or decrease is the difference between the new level of actual

emissions at the emissions unit and the old level. The new "actual emissions" level is the

lower of the unit's "potential" or "allowable" emissions after the modification. The old

level is calculated from the unit's actual operating data from a two-year period which

directly preceded the physical change.

1.1.6 PSD REVIEW

The proposed project is subject to PSD review for each regulated pollutant for which the

sum of all creditable emissions increases and decreases results in a significant net

emissions increase. However, additional prospective and creditable emissions reductions

sufficient to provide for a less than significant net emissions increase at the source may be

proposed to avoid PSD review.

GCC Dacotah E-3 Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

1.2 S02 EMISSIONS NETTING

1.2.1 SOz MATERIAL BALANCE METHOD

A material balance method is used to quantify both the post-modification and premodification S02 emission rates. The material balance method was prepared by F L

Smidth, the kiln vendor, based on their knowledge of the Kiln No.6 system at GCe

Dacotah. Due to the inherent variability of S02 emissions from the pyroprocessing

process, it is believed that the material balance method based on the sulfur input and output

can provide more representative emission rates than stack testing results, which only reflect

instantaneous emission rates.

In this emissions netting analysis, only emissions from sources that are modified or are

associated with a modification are considered. Thus, emissions from the Kiln No.6 main

stack, the alkali by-pass stack, and the coal mill/dryer are analyzed, whereas emissions

from Kiln Nos. 4 and 5 are not considered.

Sulfur input to a pyroprocessing system includes sulfur in the kiln feed and the fuel coal,

while sulfur output includes sulfur in the preheater exit gas (as S02), the alkali by-pass gas

(as S02), the alkali by-pass dust, and the clinker. Figure I shows the input and output of

sulfur in the pyroprocessing system. The sulfur material balance method is used to quantifY

the pre-modification past actual sulfur output content and the post-modification potential

sulfur output content in the preheater (PH) exit gas of Kiln No.6. The resultant sulfur

output contents in the PH exit gas are used to derive the corresponding S02 emissions rates for

the kiln main stack, the coal mill/dryer stack, and the alkali by-pass stack.

PH exit gas

Kiln feed

By-pass gas

By-pass dust

Coal

Clinker

FIGURE 1. SULFUR BALANCE IN PYROPROCESSING SYSTEM

Each process variable ofsulfur material balance method is calculated using the following

equations:

I. Input sulfur content in kiln feed =

Kiln feed rate in kg x Pyritic sulfur (SO3) in kg x 32.06 kg of S

I kg of clinker 1kg of kiln feed 80.06 kg of SO3

1,000 kg of clinker x mt of clinkerSulfur in kg

mt of clin ker

GCCDacotah E-4 Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

2. Input sulfur content in coal =

Coal feed rate in mtph 24 hrs Sulfur in kg 1,000 kg of clinker _--::-:.,-,- --'-_ x __x x -'--_-"- _

Clinker in mtpd day I kg of coal feed mt of clinker

3. Output sulfur content in alkali by-pass gas =

Sulfur in kg

mt of clinker

SO, in ppm flow rate in Nm' /hr 24 hrs mt 64.06 kg of SO, 32.06 kg of S 1,000kg --'---'=-:- x x --x x - x x --'---"-

106 Clinkcrin mtpd day 1,000kg 22.4 Nm3 of S02 64.06 kg of SO, mt

4. Output sulfur content in alkali by-pass dust =

Sin kg

mt of c1in ker

Bypass dust in mtph 24 hrs S03 in kg 32.06 kg of S x 1,000 kg of clinker x --x x -:-:---:--:-c---"-:--=-::--

Clinker in mtpd day I kg of bypass dust 80.06 kg of S03 mt of clinker

5. Output sulfur content in clinker =

Sin kg

mt of clinker

Pyritic sulfur (S03) in kg x 32.06 kg of S

I kg of clinker 80.06 kg of S03

1,000 kg of clinker x --'---=-----

mt of clinker

Sulfur in kg

mt of clinker

6. Output sulfur content in PH gas exit gas in kg ofsulfur per metric tons of clinker =

Input sulfur in {kiln feed +coal} - Output sulfur in {by-pass gas + by-pass dust + clinker}

7. S02 in PH exit gas (lblhr) =

Sulfurin kg 64.06 kg of SO, 1mt of c1in ker 2.21b day D'I l' k d" ----"'-x x x--x--x alycm erpro uctlOnmst

mt of clinker 32.06 kg of S 1.1 st of c1in ker !kg 24 hrs

8. S02 in PH exit gas (tpy) =

Ib of SO, hrs ton of SO, ---"-x-- x -----"---

hr year 2,000 Ib of SO2

Based on the past experience with the Kiln No.6 system, S02 emissions from the alkali bypass stack is estimated as 6% of S02 in the PH exit gas. Before modification, all the PH

exit gas was routed to the main stack inline with the raw mill. After the modification, 80%

of the PH exit gas is routed to the main stack inline with raw mill and 20% ofthe PH exit

gas is routed to the coal mill/dryer to provide heat for the coal-drying process.

GCC Dacotah E-5 Trinity Consultants
1.2.2

REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

SULFUR INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETER VALUES

1.2.2.1 PARAMETER VALUES FOR POST-MoDIFICATlON POTENTIAL

EMISSIONS

Table E-4 shows the parameter values for material b'alance calculations after

modification.

TABLE E-4. SULFUR PARAMETERS USED IN POST-MODIFICATION POTENTIAL EMISSIONS

Vari:lbles Sulfur Content Parameters

S03(%) S (0;(,) SO, (ppm) Operating rate'

Sulfur Input Kiln feed 0.40' -- -- 1.53 kg kiln feedlkg of clinker

Coal -- 0.60' -- 11.29 mtph

Sulfur Output By-pass gas -- -- 100' 4,200 Nm' dry gaslhr

By-pass dust 7.00' -- -- 1.32 mtph

Clinker 0.51' -- -- 2,041 mtpd (2250 stpd)

1. The sulfur contents in the kiln feed (mainly from pyritic shale), coal, alkali by-pass dusl, and clinker are based on hislOrical analytical tests performed at Gee Dacotah facility.

2 FL Smidth ba.~ed on theinechnical experience with GCe Dacolah facility provided SO2 concentration in alkali by-pass gas stream

3 The operating rates are estimated by FL Smidth

Calculations for the input and output variables to calculate post-modification

potential S02 emissions are shown below:

INPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN KILN FEED =

1.53 kg of kiln feed 0.004 kg of SO3 __32_._06,-k..."g"",o,-f_S_ 1,000 kg of clinker --,-"'----- x x x -'---":---:-:--,---

I kg of clinker I kg of kiln feed 80.06 kg of SO, mt of clinker

INPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN COAL =

2.4508 kg of S

mt of clinker

11.29 mtph of coal x 24 hrs x 0.006 kg ofS x 1,000 kg of clinker

2,041 mtpd of clinker day I kg of coal feed mt of clinker

0.7965 kg ofS

mt of clinker

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN ALKALI BY-PASS GAS =

100ppmofSO, 4,200Nm3 fhr 24hrs mt 64.06 kg of SO, 32.06kgofS 1,000kg ---'-'--,....--=-- x x--x x x x '- 10· 2,041mtpdofclinker day 1,000kg 22.4Nm3 0fSO, 64.06kgofS0 2 mt

OUTPUT SULFUR Cm,TENT IN ALKALT BY-PASS DUST =

0.0071 kg of S

mt of clinker

_ ...,I_.3_2_m_tp-'-,h,------,of_d."u_s_t_ 24 hrs 0.07 kg of SO, __3_2._0_6-'k~::._."of."S_ x 1,000 kg of din ker x--x . x 2,041 mtpd of clinker day 1kg of dust 80.06 kg of SO3 mt of clin ker0.4351 kg of S

mt of clin ker

GCC Dacotah E-G Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

OUTPUT SULFUR COI'\TEI'\T IN CLINKER =

0.0051 kg of SO, 32.06 kg of S 1,000 kg of clinker ------'''----''-. x ---"'----,-- x --'----'='---,---

1kg of clinker 80.06 kg of SO, mt of clinker

2.0444 kg of S

mt of clinker

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN PH EXIT GAS

= 2.4508 + 0.7965 - 0.0071 - 0.4351- 2.0444

= 0.7607 _k-:g:....o_f_S_

mt of clinker

1.2.2.2 PARAMETER VALUES FOR PRE-MoDIFICATION PAST ACTUAL

EMISSIONS

Table E-5 shows the parameters for sulfur input and output to calculate sulfur

content per metric tons of clinker prior to the proposed modification.

TABLE E-5. SULFUR PARAMETERS USED IN PAST ACTUAL (PRE-MODIFICATION) EMISSIONS

I. FL Smldth based on their technical experience with Gee Dacotah faclhty provided SO concentration m alkali by-pass gas stream.

2 2. The operating rates are obtained from pre-modification audits perfonned by FL Smidth.

3. The daily clinker production rate (1,500 stpd) is estimated based on 1993 and 1994 production rate.

Variables Sulfur Content Parameters

. S03 (%) S(%) S02 (ppm) Operating rate2

Sulfur Input Kiln feed 0.40 -- -- 1.583 kg kiln feedlkg of clinker

Coal -- 0.60 -- 8.89 mtph

Sulfur Output By-pass gas -- -- 100' 5,600 Nm3 dry gaslhr

By-pass dust 5.61 -- -- 2.15 mtph

Clinker 0.45 -- -- 1,360 mtpd (1,500 stpd)' . ..

Calculations for the input and output variables to calculate past actual 802

emissions are shown below:

INPUT SULFUR COI'\TENT IN KILN FEED =

1.583 kg of kiln feed x 0.004 kg of 80, x 32.06 kg of 8

1kg of clinker 1kg of kiln feed 80.06 kg of 80,

1,000 kg of clinker 2.5356 kg of 8 x =-~--=---

mt of clinker mt of clinker

INPUT SULFUR COI'\TEI'\T IN COAL =

8.89 mtph of coal 24 hrs 0.006 k~ of S 1,000 kg of coal 0.9413 h of S ----'-----x--x - x =- 1,360 mtpd of clinker day 1kg of coal feed mt of coal mt of clinker

GCC Dacotah E-7 Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTE1'iT I1'i ALKALI BY-PASS GAS =

100 ppm of SO2 5,600 Nm' / hr 24 hrs mt 64.06 kg of SO 2 32.06 kg of S 1,000 kg ---'-'---,----'- x x --x x - x - x -'--""- 10' 1,360mtpdofclinker day 1,000kg 22.4 Nrn 3 of SO, 64.06 kg of SO, mt

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN ALKALI BY-PASS DUST =

2.15mtphofdust 24hrs 0.056IkgofSO, 32.06kgofS 1,000kgofdust 0.85lSkgofS -----'----- x --x - x x- 1,360 mtpd day 1kg of dust SO.06 kg of SO, mt of dust mt of clinker

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT [N CLINKER =

0.0141kgofS

mt of clin ker

0.0045 kg of SO, x _3_2._0_6_k""g_0_f..,..S_ x 1,000 kg of clinker

1kg of clinker 80.06 kg of SO, mt of clinker

I.S020 kg of S

mt of clinker

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN PH EXIT GAS

= 2.5356 + 0.9413 - 0.0141 - 0.851S - 1.8020

=0.S090 _k-"g:-o_f_S_

mt of clinker

1.2.3 S02 EMISSION RATES

To estimate potential S02 emissions from the Kiln No.6 main stack, the alkali bypass

stack, and the coal mill/dryer stack, the corresponding sulfur output content in the PH exit

gas and the proposed yearly clinker production value of763762.5 stpy are used.

The past actual emissions from the Kiln No.6 main stack and the alkali by-pass stack are

determined using the corresponding output sulfur content from PH exit gas and the average

daily clinker productions and operating hours from 1993 and 1994, the two years prior to

the Kiln No.6 modification. The average daily clinker production in these two years is

estimated to be 1,500 stpd. Since the coal mill/dryer unit did not exist as a separate

emission source at that time, it had zero actual emissions during 1993 and 1994.

1.2.3.1 KILN No.6 MAIN STACK (SOURCE 9)

POST-MODIFICATION POTENTIAL TO EMIT

As sho\Vl1 in previous section. the post-modification output sulfur content in the

PH exit gas is 0.7607 kg ofsulfur per metric ton of clinker. Tne output sulfur

content from the PH exit gas is converted to a tpy emission rate using the

clinker production rate of763,762.5 stpy:

Gee Dacotah E-S Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12,2002

0.7607 kg of S 64.06 kg of SO, 1mt of clinker 2.21b ton ---"'--x . x x--x x

mt of clinker 32.06 kg of S 1.1 st of clinker 1 kg 2000lb

763.762.5 stpy =1,161 tpy

When the raw mill in on, it is expected that 40% ofthe S02 will be scrubbed

from the gaseous phase. Since 80%, ofthe PH exit gas is routed to the Kiln No.

6 main stack inline with the raw mill operation, the short-tenn S02 emission

rates from the Kiln No.6 main stack can be calculated as follows:

Raw Mill On: S02 Emission Rate'= 1,161 x 0.8 x 0.6 = 557.28 tpy

Raw Mill Off: S02 Emission Rate = 1,161 x 0.8 = 928.80 tpy

Since the raw mill is expected to be on for 93% ofthe kiln uptime, the annual

S02 potential emission rates are calculated as follows:

Raw Mill On: S02Emission Rate = 557.28 x 93% = 518.27 tpy

Raw Mill On: S02 Emission Rate =928.80x 7% =65.01 tpy

Total S02 Emission Rates = 518.27 + 65.01 = 583.3 tpy

PAST ACTUAL EMISSIONS

As shown in previous section, the pre-modification output sulfur contenLin the

PH exit gas is 0.8090 kg ofsulfur per metric ton of clinker. The output sulfur

content from the PH exit gas is converted to Iblhr emission rate using the

clinker production rate of 1,500 stpd:

0.8090 kg of S 64.06 kg of SO, rot of clinker 2.21b Day ---"'-------'--x - x x--x--

rot of clinker 32.06 kg of S LIst of clinker I kg 24 hrs

x 1,500 stpd =202.061b/hr

Since the coal mi11ldryer did not exist during the 1993 and 1994 period, all PH

exit gas is routed to the Kiln No.6 main stack. The scrubbing of S02 (40%

control efficiency) occurs only when the raw mill is in on. The premodification past actual emission rates of S02 from the main stack are

calculated as follows:

Raw Mill On: S02 Emission Rate in Ib/hr = 202.06 x 0.6 = 121.24 Ib/hr

Raw Mill Off: S02 Emission Rate in Iblhr = 202.06 Iblhr

GCC Dacotah E-9 Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

The annual past actual emission rates prior to the modification are calculated as

follows:

Raw Mill On: 1993 S02 Emission Rate = 121.24 x 6,629 +2,000 =401.85 tpy

Raw Mill Off: 1993 S02 Emission Rate = 202.06 x 499 +2,000 = 50.41 tpy

Raw Mill On: 1994 S02 Emission Rate = 121.24 x 6,826 +2,000 = 413.79 tpy

Raw Mill Off: 1994 S02 Emission Rate = 202.06 x 415 +2,000 =41.93 tpy

Table E-6 summarizes the pre-modification past actual emission rates for the

Kiln No.6 main stack.

TABLE E-6. PRE-MODIFICATION PAST ACTUAL S02 EMISSIONS FOR KILN NO.6 MAIN STACK

Year Loesche Mill On Loesche Mill Off Total

Operating Annual Operating Annual (tpy)

Hours Emissions Hours Emissions

(hr/yr) (tpy) (hr/yr) (tpy)

1993 6,629 401.84 499 50.41

1994 6,826 413.79 415 41.93

Average 407.82 46.17 453.99

1.2.3.2 ALKALI BY-PASS (SOURCE 11)

POST-MODIFICATION POTENTIAL TO EMIT

Based on process knowledge, the maximum amount of S02 emissions

anticipated from the alkali by-pass is 6 % of S02 in the PH exit gas. Therefore,

S02 emissions from alkali by-pass is calculated as follows:

SO: Emission Rate = 1,161 tpy x 6 % = 69.7 tpy

PRE-MODIFICATION PAST ACTUAL EMISSIONS

Similariy, the past actual emission rate from the alkali by-pass is calculated as

follows:

S02 Emission Rate = 202.06 lb/hr 6 % = 12.12 lb/hr

Based on the actual operating hours in 1993 and 1994, the annual S02 emission

rates from the alkali by-pass stack are calculated as:

GCC Dacotah E-10 Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

1993 S02 Emission Rate = 12.12 x 7,128 +2,000 =43.21 tpy

1994 S02 Emission Rate = 12.12 x 7,241 +2,000 = 43.88 tpy

Table E-7 summarizes the pre-modification past actual S02 emission rates for

the alkali by-pass stack.

TABLE E-7. ACTUAL EMISSIONS FOR ALKALI BY-PASS

Year Operating Annual

Hours Emissions

(hr/yr) (tpy)

1993 7,128 43.21

1994 7,241 43.88

Average 43.6

1.2.3.3 COAL MILLIDRYER (SOURCE 41)

POST-MODIFICATION POTENTIAL TO EMIT

Since 20% ofthe PH exit gas is routed to the coal mill/dryer, S02 emissions

from coal mill/dryer are calculated as follows:

S02 Emission Rate = 1,161 tpy x 20 % = 232.2 tpy

S02 emissions associated with the firing of natural gas in the coal dryer are

negligible.

PRE-MoDIFICATION PAST ACTUAL EMISSIONS

The coal dryer was not installed prior to the 1996 modification and thus, has

zero actual emissions.

1.2.3.4 S02 NET INCREASE

Table E-8 below summarizes the net increase of S02 emissions due to the

proposed modification.

GCC Dacotah E-ll Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

TABLE E-8. NET INCREASE OF S02 EMISSIONS

Emission Unit Pre-modification Post-modification Net Emissions

Past Actual Future Potential Increase

Emissions . Emissions (tpy)

(tpy) (tpy)

Kiln NO.6 453.9 583.3 129.4

Alkali By-pass 43.6 69.7 26.1

Coal MilllDryer 0.0 232.2 232.2

Total 497.5 885.2 387.7

The total emissions increase of387.7 tpy is greater than the PSD significance

level of 40 tpy on an annual basis. Therefore, a PSD review is required for

S02.

GCC Dacotah E-12 Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

1.3 SHORT-TERM S02 EMISSION CALCULATIONS

1.3.1 PARAMETER VALUES FOR MATERIAL BALANCE

Table 9 shows the parameter values used in the material balance for calculating short-term

S02 emission rates.

TABLE E-9. SULFUR PARAMETERS USED IN PAST ACTUAL (PRE-MoDIFICATION) EMISSIONS

Variables Sulfur Content I'arameters

SO, (01..) S(%) SO, (ppm) Operating rate'

Sulfur Input Kiln feed 0.50 -- -- 1.53 kg kiln feedlkg of clinker

Coal -- 0.76 -- 11.29 mtph

Sulfur Output By-pass gas -- -- 100' 4,200 Nm' dry gaslhr

By-pass dust 7.00' -- -- 1.32 mtph

Clinker 0.51' -- -- 2,041 mtpd (2.250 stpd)'

1 The sulfur contents in the kiln feed (mainly from pyritic shale), coal, alkali by·pass dust, and clinker are based on historical analytical tests perfonned at Gee Dacotah

facility.

2 FL Smidth based on their technical experience with Gee Dacotah facility provided SO concentration in alkali by-pass gas stream.

2 3 The operating rales are estimated by FL Smidth.

INPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN KILN FEED =

1.53 kg of kiln feed 0.005 kg of 50, 32.06 kg of S 1,000 kg of clinker 3.0634 kg of S --=------x x ----=--- x =-----'=---

1kg of clinker I kg of kiln feed 80.06 kg of SO, mt of clinker mt of clinker

INPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN COAL =

11.29mtph of coal x _24_hr_s x 0.0074 kg of 5 x 1,000 kg of coal =_1._0_09_0_k-:=g,-o_f_5

2,041 mtpd of clinker day I kg of coalfeed mt of coal mt of clinker

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN ALKALI BY-I'ASS GAS =

JOOppmofS0 2 4.200Nm' fhr 24hrs mt 64.06 kg of SO, 32.06kgofS 1,000kg 0.007lkgofS x x--x x . x x =----='---

106 2,04lmtpdofclinker day I,OOOkg 22.4Nm3 0fS02 64.06kgofS0 2 mt mt of clinker

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT 11'\ ALKALI BY-PASS DUST = 1.32 mtph of dust 24 hrs 0.07 kg of SO, 32.06 kg of S 1,000 kg of clin ker ----'----- x --x x x 2,041 mtpd of clinker day 1kg of dust 80.06 kg of SO, mt of clin ker

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN CLINKER =

0.4351 kg of S

mt of clin ker

GCC Dacotah

O.005lkgofSO, 32.06kgofS 1,000 kg of clinker ---=----'- x -=-c:-:-:__ X -'----'=-.....,.,--,---

1kg of clinker 80.06 kg of SO3 mt of clinker

E-13

2.0423 kg of S

mt of clinker

Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

OUTPUT SULFUR CONTENT IN PH EXIT GAS

= 3.0634 + 1.0090 - 0.0071 - 0.4351 - 2.0423

= 1.5907 kg of S

mt of clinker

1.3.2 SHORT-TERM EMISSION RATES

The output sulfur content in the PH exit gas is 1.5919 kg ofsulfur per metric ton of clinker.

The output sulfur content from the PH exit gas is converted to lb/hr emission rate using the

clinker production rate of 2.250 stpd:

_1._59_0_7_k--.:g:..,.o_f_S 64.06 kg of SO 2 Irnt of c1in ker . 2.21b Day 2 ~50 d _ 596 Ib / h x x x--x--x ,L stp - r

rnt of c1in ker 32.06 kg of S 1.1 st of c1in ker I kg 24 hrs

When the raw mill in on, it is expected that 40% ofthe S02 will be scrubbed from the

gaseous phase. Since 80% ofthe PH exit gas is routed to the Kiln No.6 main stack inline

with the raw mill operation, the short-term S02 emission rates from the Kiln No.6 main

stack can be calculated as follows:

Raw Mill On: S02 Emission Rate = 596 x 0.8 x 0.6 = 286 (lb/hr)

Raw Mill Off: S02 Emission Rate = 596 x 0.8 =477 (lb/hr)

The flow rate for the coal mill stack is 20% ofthe preheater. Hence, the short-term S02

emission rates from the coal mill stack can be calculated as follows:

Coal Mill Stack: S02 Emission Rate = 596 x 0.2 = 119 (lb/hr)

The flow rate for the coal mill stack is 6% of the preheater. Hence, the short-term S02

emission rates from the alkali bypass stack can be calculated as follows:

Alkali Bypass Stack: S02 Emission Rate = 596 x 0.06 = 36 (lb/hr)

Total Short-Term Emissions from the combined sources =477+119t36 = 632 lb/hr

GCC Dacotah E-14 Trinity Consultants
ApPENDIX E-3. PMlO PSD NETTING ANALYSIS

This section describes the procedure for Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) netting and

details the netting results for PMIO.

The following common abbreviations are found in this section.

TABLE E- 1. COMMON ABBREVIAnONS DEFINED

Abbreviation Definition

acfm actual cubic feet per minute

atm atmospheres

Btu/scf British thermal units per standard cubic feet·

day/yr days per year

dscfm dry standard cubic feet per minute

gr/dscf grains per dry standard cubic foot

hr/day hours per day

hr/yr hours per year

Ib/hr pounds per hour

Ib/ton pounds per ton

Ib/MMscf pounds per million standard cubic feet

mph miles per hour

MMBtu/hr million British thermal units per hour

tpd tons per day

tph tons per hour

tpy tons per year

In addition, the following common conversions are found in this section.

TABLE E- 2. COMMON CONVERSIONS FACTORS

GCCDacotah

2,0001b

7,000 gr

453.6 g

8,760 hrs

365 days

E-I

I ton

I Ib

I Ib

I year

I year

Trinity Consultants
1. PSD NETTING PROCEDURE

This section outlines the procedure for determining the net emissions change for each emissions unit

or source. The procedure is based on the suggested emissions netting procedure in the New Source

Review (NSR) Workshop Manual for PSD and nonattainment area permitting.1 A six-step procedure

is used for determining the net emissions change as summarized below.

1. Determine the emissions increases from the proposed project: Ifincreases are significant,

proceed; if not, the project is not subject to review.

2. Determine the beginning and ending dates ofthe contemporaneous period as it relates to the

proposed modification.

3. Determine which emissions units at the source experienced (or will experience, including any

proposed decreases resulting from the proposed project) a creditable increase or decrease in

emissions during the contemporaneous period.

4. Determine which emissions changes are creditable.

5. Determine, on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis, the amount of each contemporaneous and creditable

emissions increase and decrease.

6. Sum all contemporaneous and creditable increases and decreases with the increase from the

proposed modification to determine if a significant net emissions increase will occur.

Each ofthe netting procedure steps is further elaborated in the following subsections.

1.1 EMISSIONS INCREASES FROM THE PROPOSED PROJECT

In this step, the emissions increases from the proposed project are computed on a

pollutant-by-pollutant basis. These increases include both emissions that result from a

physical modification to a source and emissions from sources associated with the

physically modified source. A PSD review applies only to those regulated pollutants with

a significant emissions increase from proposed modification; emission decnases are not

considered at this step. The computed emissions increase is compared to the PSD

significance levels shown in Table E- 3, and a PSD review is required ifthe proposed

project will result in a significant emissions increase (i.e., an emissions increase in excess

ofthe PSD significance level).

I u.s. EPA, Air Quality Management Division, New Source Review Workshop Manual: Prevention ofSignificant

Deterioration and Nonaltainment Permitting, DRAFT October, 1990.

2 This is a retroactive PSD application and thus, a majority ofthe "proposed" project has already been constructed.

GCC Dacotah E-2 Trinity Consultants
TABLE E- 3. PSD SIGNIFICANCE LEVELS

.

Pollutant PSD Significance Level

(tpy)

PMIO 15

1.2 CONTEMPORANEOUS PERIOD

The contemporaneous period begins on the date five years prior to construction

commencing. The period ends on the date the emissions increase from the proposed

modification occurs. For this project, the contemporaneous period begins September 1989

and ends in 1996.

1.3 EMISSIONS INCREASES AND DECREASES DURING

THE CONTEMPORANEOUS PERIOD

Creditable emissions increases within the contemporaneous period are associated with a

physical change or change in the method of operation at a source, which did not require a

PSD permit. Decreases are associated with a physical change or change in the method of

operation that are creditable, or reductions in actual emissions from a federally-enforceable

emission limit. Once the decrease has been made federally enforceable, any proposed

increase above the federally enforceable level must constitute a physical change or change

in the method of operation at the source or the reduction is not considered creditable.

1.4 CREDITABLE EMISSIONS CHANGES

An increase or decrease is creditable only ifthe relevant reviewing authority has not relied

upon it in previously issuing a PSD permit and the permit is in effect when the increase

from the proposed modification occurs. For pollutants with PSD increments, an increase

or decrease in actual emissions which occurs before the baseline date in an area is

creditable only ifit would be considered in calculating how much of an increment remains

available for the pollutant in question. A decrease is creditable only to the extent that it is

federally enforceable from the moment that the actual construction begins on the proposed

modification to the source. The decrease must occur before the proposed emissions

increase occurs. A source cannot take credit for a decrease that it has had to make, or will

have to make, in order to bring an emissions unit into compliance.

Furthermore, a source cannot take credit for an emission reduction from potential

emissions from an emissions unit, which was permitted, but never built or operated.

1.5 AMOUNT OF THE EMISSIONS INCREASE AND DECREASE

An emissions increase or decrease is the difference between the new level of actual

emissions at the emissions unit and the old level. The new "actual emissions" level is the

lower ofthe unit's "potential" or "allowable" emissions after the modification. The old

GCCDacotah E-3 Trinity Consultants
level is calculated from the unit's actual operating data from a two-year period, which

directly preceded the physical change.

1.6 PSD REVIEW

The proposed project is subject to PSD review for each regulated pollutant for which the

sum of all creditable emissions increases and decreases results in a significant net

emissions increase. However, additional prospective and creditable emissions reductions

sufficient to provide for a less than significant net emissions increase at the source may be

proposed to avoid PSD review.

GCCDacotah E-4 Trinity Consultants
2. PMlO EMISSIONS NETTING

When perfonning emissions netting, only those units that have been physically modified or processes

that are associated with the modified units are considered. TherefJre, all units which were not

modified or processes that were not associated with the modified units are not included in this PMIO

netting analysis.

GCC Dacotah is proposing to increase the annual clinker production in Kiln No.6 to 2,250 tons of

clinker per day. Proposed PMIO emissions are calculated using the maximum expected production for

each unit. Maximum expected production is based upon the rated design parameters for each kiln and

the maximum percentage of each raw material in kiln feed. These values are presented in Table E- 4

and Table E- 5. The PMIO emissions from the production increase are accounted for in the potential

to emit calculations summarized in the following subsections.

TABLE E- 4. PMIO KILN RATING

Rated Design Parameters Kiln No.6

Clinker Production Capacity (Rated, tpd) 2,250.00

Coal Mill (Rated, tph) 22.00

Dry Kiln Feed to Clinker Ratio 1.70

TABLE E- 5. RAw MATERIAL INPUT

Maximum Percent

Material in Kiln Feed

Calcium (Limestone) 80%

Iron (Iron Ore) 3%

Silica (Sand) 6%

Alumina (Shale) 11%

Gypsum (in cement) 8%

Past actual PMIO emissions are calculated using an average ofthe production, size, or vehicle miles

traveled reported in the 1993 and 1994 Emission Inventories for the GCC Dacotah facility. For units

that existed, but were not reported in 1993 and 1994, this number is scaled from the current

operations or estimated from other operations. Actual emissions, along with the emission calculation

methodology for each unit, are presented in the following subsections.

GCCDacotah E-5 Trinity Consultants
2.1 POINT SOURCES

Emission factors of gr/dscf for each point source as well as flow rates in actual cubic feet per minute

(acfm) are provided in the November 15,2001 submittal. For the point sources discussed here, the

emission factor used is 0.01 gr/dscf. The flow rates are converted to dry standard cubic feet per

minute (dscfm), using the method described in the letter to SD DENR dated March 6, 2002~ The

material Process rate used is in tons/hr. Equivalent emission factors are calculated according to the

following equation.

( ) [

Emission Factor (~) x Maximum Flow Rate (dScf)]

E . I EF Ib dscf min Ib 60 min qUlva ent - = x x--- ton . (ton) 7,000gr hr Matenal Process Rate h;

2.1.1 KILN No.6 (SOURCE 9)

2.1.1.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

The annual PMIO emission rates for Kiln No.6 are calculated by multiplying

the equivalent emission factor in Ib/ton by the maximum process rate. The

Loesche Mill is On 93% ofthe total hours in a year and Off7% ofthe kiln

uptime.

PMIO Emissions =

~)x(ton)x(8,760hr)x( ton ) =tpy

ton hr yr 2,0001b

The exit grain loading proposed for Kiln No.6 is 0.01 gr/dscf. The maximum

flow rate for this dust collector is 240,000 acfm. This is converted to dscfm

using the following equation.

Maximum Flow Rate (dscfm) =

(acfm)x( Std Temp(K) ) x (Actual Pressure (atm)) x(lOO - moisture (%))

Actual Temp (K) Std Pressure (atm) 100.

3 Personal Communication: Letter from Mr. Dave Rydquist, GCC Dacotah, to Mr. Brian Gustafson, SO DENR,

dated March 6, 2002.

GCC Dacotah E-6 Trinity Consultants
Actual temperature is the temperature ofthe exit gases. This is obtained from

the manufacturer's information. The moisture content is determined to be 10%.

Actual pressure is 0.8803 atm based on an elevation of 1030.8 meters~

Applied to Kiln No.6, the flow rate and PMIO emission rate equations above

yield the following results.

Maximum Flow Rate = (240,000 acfm)x(293.15 K)x(0.8803 atm) x(IOO-lO)

399.82 K 1.0 atm 100

= 139,415 dscfm

Equivalent EF =

[

0.01 (dS~~ ) x139,415 (~~~)] x__Ib _ x

93.75 (t~~) x 2 7,000 gr

=0.06373 Ib/ton

PMIO Emissions =

(

0.063731b)x(93.75x2ton)x(8,760hrJx( ton J

ton hr yr 2,0001b

= 52.34 tpy

2.1.1.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

60 min

hr

The past actual hourly and annual PMIO emission rates for Kiln No.6 are

obtained from the 1993 and 1994 Emission Inventories. Both inventories report

the results of a May 1991 Stack Test. These values are detailed in Table E- 6.

The average ofl993 and 1994 Loesche Mill On rates and the average of 1993

and 1994 Loesche Mill Offrates are summed to get the annual emission rate~

Actual PMIO emissions for Kiln No.6 are summarized in Table E- 6.

4 Jacobson, Mark Z., Fundamentals ofAtmospheric Modeling (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press,

1999), pg. 26. Reference gives the equation to calculate pressure at varying altitudes. The pressure at altitude I, minus the

pressure at altitude 2, is divided by altitude 1 minus altitude 2. The calculated value is equal to the negative ofthe pressure

at altitude 2 multiplied by gravity.

5 "Mill on" refers to the periods when both Kiln No.6 and the Loesche mill are operating. During "mill off'

periods, only the kiln is operating.

GCC Dacotah E-7 Trinity Consultants
TABLE E- 6. ACTUAL EMISSIONS FOR KILN NO.6

Loesche Mill On Loesche Mill Off

Emission Operating Annual Emission Operating Annual

Year Rate Hours Emissions Rate - Hours Emissions

(lb/hr) (hr/yr) (tpy) (lb/hr) (hr/yr) (tpy) Total

1993 9.07 6629 30.06 9.15 1 499 2.28 (tpy) 1994 9.07 6826 30.96 9.15 2 415 1.90

Average 30.51 2.09 32.60

I PM" emission factor based on stack test for TSP is adjusted for PM" using PM" to TSP ratio as provided in AP42 Port/and Cement

Manufacturing, Section 11.6.

2 Ibid.

2.1.2 CLINKER COOLER (SOURCE 10)

2.1.2.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

The annual PMJO emission rates for the clinker cooler are calculated by

multiplying the equivalent emission factor in lb/ton by the maximum process

rate.

PMJO Emissions =

~)x(ton)x(8,760hr)x( ton) =tpy

ton hr yr 2,0001b

The exit grain loading from the clinker cooler is 0.01 gr/dscf. The maximum

flow rate for this dust collector is 153,000 acfm. This is converted to dscfm

using the following equation.

Maximum Flow Rate (dscfm) =

(acfm)x ( Std Temp (K) ) x (Actual Pressure (atm)) x (100 - moisture (%))

Actual Temp (K) Std Pressure (atm) 100

Actual temperature is the temperature ofthe exit gases, obtained from the

manufacturer's information. For conservatism, moisture percentage is assumed

to be 0%. Actual pressure is 0.8805 atm calculated from an elevation of

1,029.1 meters.6 Applied to the clinker cooler, the flow rate and PMJO emission

rate equations above yield the following results.

6 Jacobson, Mark Z., Fundamentals ofAtmospheric Modeling (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press,

1999), pg. 26. Reference gives the equation to calculate pressure at varying altitudes. The pressure at altitude 1, minus the

GCCDacotah E-8 Trinity Consultants
Maximum Flow Rate = (153,000 aCfm)x(293.15 K) x(0.8805 atm) x(IOO -0)

394.26 K 1.0 atm 100

= 100,168 dscfm

Equivalent EF =

[

0,01 (~)XIOO,168 (dSCf)] dscf min x Ib

---'--"'-"--9-3.7-'--S-7(--'-t~-~~) --"---"""-"'- 7,000

= 0.09161b/ton

60 min x -.,.-- gr hr

PMIO Emissions =

(

0.09161b)x(93.75ton)x(8,760hr)x( ton )

ton hr yr 2,0001b

= 37.62 tpy

2.1.2.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

The May 1991 Stack Test results, as appearing in the 1993 and 1994 Emission

Inventories, provide an hourly emission rate of 5.56 Ib/hr? The reported hours

of operation for 1993 and 1994 were 7,128 and 7,241 respectively. Thus, the

annual emission rate can be calculated using the following equation.

(

lb) (OP. hr +Op. hr ) ( ton ) PM Emissions = - x 93 94 X

10 hr 2 2,0001b

Consequently, PMIO emissions are calculated as follows.

PM E .. -556 1b (7,128hr+7,24Ihr) ( ton) 10 mISSIons - . - x x

hr 2 2,0001b

= 19.97 tpy

2.1.3 ALKALI BY-PASS (SOURCE 11)

2.1.3.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

The annual PMIO emission rates for the alkali by-pass is calculated by

multiplying the equivalent emission factor in lb/ton by the maximum process

rate.

pressure at altitude 2, is divided by altitude I minus altitude 2. The calculated value is equal to the negative ofthe pressure

at altitude 2 multiplied by gravity.

7 PMIO emission factor based on stack test for TSP is adjusted for PMIO using PMIO to TSP ratio of 84% as

provided in AP-42 Portland Cement Manufacturing, Section 11.6.

GCCDacotah E-9 Trinity Consultants
PMIO Emissions =

~) x(ton)x(S'760hr) x( ton ) = tpy

ton hr yr 2,0001b

The proposed exit grain loading for the alkali by-pass dust collector is 0.0 I

gr/dscf. The maximum flow rate for this dust collector is 60,000 acfm. This is

converted to dscfm using the following equation.

Maximum Flow Rate (dscfm) =

(acfm) x ( Std Temp (K) ) x (Actual Pressure (atm)) x (100 - moisture (%))

Actual Temp (K) Std Pressure (atm) 100

Actual temperature is the temperature ofthe exit gases. This is obtained from

the manufacturer's information. Moisture percentage is assumed to be 0% for

conservatism. The elevation of 1034.2 meters determines the actual pressure is

0.8799 atm.' Applied to the alkali by-pass, the flow rate and PMIO emission

rate equations above yield the following results.

Maximum Flow Rate =

(60,000 acfm) x (293.15 K) x(0.S799 atm) x (100-0)

560.93 K 1.0 atm 100

= 27,591 dscfm

Equivalent EF =

[

0.01 (dS~~ ) x 27,591 (~~~ ) Ix -=-==Ibc--- x

93.75 (t~~) J 7,000 gr

= 0.0252 Ib/ton

PMIO Emissions =

(

0.0252Ib)x(93.75ton)x(S,760hr)x( ton )

ton hr yr 2,0001b

= 10.35 tpy

60 min

hr

8 Jacobson, Mark Z., Fundamentals ofAtmospheric Modeling (New York, NY, Cambridge University Press,

1999), pg. 26. Reference gives the equation to calculate pressure at varying altitudes. The pressure at altitude 1, minus the

pressure at altitude 2, is divided by altitude I minus altitude 2. The calculated value is equal to the negative ofthe pressure

at altitude 2 multiplied by gravity.

GCCDacotah E-IO Trinity Consultants
2.1.3.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

The May 1991 Stack Test results, as appearing in the 1993 and 1994 Emission

Inventories, provide an hourly emission rate of 0.85 Ib/hr: The reported hours

of operation for 1993 and 1994 were 7,128 and 7,241, respectively. Thus, the

annual emission rate can be calculated using the following equation.

PM .. (Ib) (OP.hr93+0P.hr94) ( ton] 10 emissIOns = - x x

hr 2 2,000Ib

Consequently, PMIQ emissions are calculated as follows.

PM .. 085 lb (7,128hr+7,24Ihr) ( ton) 10 emIssIons = . - x x hr 2 2,0001b

= 3.05 tpy

2.1.4 COAL DRYER (SOURCE 41)

2.1.4.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

The coal dryer utilizes two dust collectors for PMIQ emissions control, which

emit through a common stack. Due to the common stack, these dust collectors

have been modeled as one source (SRC41). The annual PMIQ emission rates

for the coal dryer dust collectors are calculated by multiplying the equivalent

emission factor in Iblton by the maximum process rate.

PMIQ Emissions =

~)x(ton)x(8,760hr)x( ton ) =tpy

ton hr yr 2,0001b

The exit grain loading proposed for the coal dryer is 0.01 gr/dscf. The

maximum flow rate for the combined dust collectors is 42,000 actin. This is

converted to dscfm using the following equation.

Maximum Flow Rate (dscfm) =

(acfm)x ( Std Temp (K) ) x (Actual Pressure (atm)) x (100 - moisture (%))

Actual Temp (K) Std Pressure (atm) 100

Actual temperature is the temperature ofthe exit gases. This is available from

the manufacturer's information. Moisture percentage is 20%. Actual pressure

9 PMIO emission factor based on stack test for TSP is adjusted for PMIO using PMIO to TSP ratio as provided in

AP-42 Portland Cement Manufacturing, Section 11.6.

GCCDacotah E-ll Trinity Consultants
is 0.8801 atTn based on an elevation of 1033.0 meters.JO Applied to the coal

dryer, the flow rate and PMJO emission rate equations above yield the following

results.

Maximum Flow Rate =

(42,000 acfm)x(293.l5K) x(0.880l atm)x(lOO- 20)

355.37 K 1.0 atm 100

= 24,394 dscfm

Equivalent EF =

[

0.01 (dS~ ) x 24,394 (~~~)] x ~lb-x

20 (t~~ ) 7,000 gr

= 0.10451b/ton

PMJO Emissions =

(

0.1045Ib) x (20 ton) x(8,760 hr) x( ton )

ton hr yr 2,0001b

= 9.15 tpy

2.1.4.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

60 min

hr

The unit did not exist prior to the 1994 modification; thus, past actual emissions

are zero.

2.2 DUST COLLECTOR EMISSIONS

Dust collectors control emissions from various process sources at the GCC Dacotah facility.

Emission factors of gr/dscffor each transfer point source as well as flow rates in actual cubic feet per

minute (acfm) are provided in the November 15, 2001 submittal. For the transfer point sources

discussed here, the emission factor used is 0.01 gr/dscf. The flow rates are converted to dry standard

cubic feet per minute (dscfrn), using the following method.

The flow rate is determined from the maximum flow rate in acfm according to the following

equation:

Maximum Flow Rate (dscfrn) =

(acfm)x( Std Temp (K) ) x(Actual Pressure (atm)) x(10o-moisture (%))

Actual Temp (K) Std Pressure (atm) 100

'0 Ibid.

GCC Dacotah E-12 Trinity Consultants
Standard temperature is 293.15 K and standard pressure is 1.0 atm. The actual temperature ofthe exit

gases is obtained from the 200 I stack test when available and from the manufacturers information in

all other cases. 11 In cases where the moisture content was not available from the 200I stack tests, a

conservative value of 0% moisture was used. Actual pressure is based on the elevation of each

respective dust collector.12 Table E- 7 provides the maximum flow rate in dscfm for all dust

collectors considered in the PMIO netting analysis.

Equivalent emission factors for each dust collector source are provided in Table E- 7 and are

calculated according to the following equation.

( )

[

Emission Factor (~) x Maximum Flow Rate (dSCf)]

E . I EF Ib dscf min Ib 60 min qUlva ent - = x x ---

ton M . I P R (ton) 7,000 gr hr atena rocess ate -

hr

TABLE E- 7. EQUIVALENT EMISSION FACTORS

Equivalent

Controlled

Emission

Maximum Factor for

Flow Rate Process rate PMI0

1

Source No. Description (dscfm) (tph) (Ib/ton)

Dust Collectors

I EDCIOI-Primary Crusher 6,288.13 1,000 0.0005

Secondary Crusher -- 1,000 -- 2 EDC102-Secondary Screens 6,486.44 1,000 0.0006

6 EDC652-Feed Storage Silo 5,154.73 180 0.0025

6a EDC501-Rock Silo to Loesche Mill 8,765.81 180 0.0042

6b EDC602-Kiln Feed Storage Silo to Kiln 3,006.32 160 0.0016

7b EDC710-Clinker Shed to Finish Mills 13,151.70 500 0.0023

7c EDC706-Raw Shed to Loesche Mill 2,981.73 40 0.0064

7d EDC701-BCI07 to BCI08 Transfer 2,982.75 800 0.0003

7e EDC705-Gypsum Raw Shed to Old Clinker 2,982.75 350 0.0007

7f EDC703-Raw Shed to Loesche Mill 2,982.75 40 0.0064

7g EDC704-Gypsum Raw Shed to Old Clinker 2,982.75 350 0.0007

8 EDC614-Penthouse Storage 4,383.40 93.75 0.0040

8a EDC627-Penthouse No.2 (Dry) 3,069.08 93.75 0.0028

8b EDC613-Penthouse No.2 (Dry) 4,163.75 93.75 0.0038

8c EDC707-Rock Silo Discharge 1,315.17 1,000 0.0001

12 EDC731-1953 Allis Chalmers Finish Mill No.3 11,433.55 35 0.0280

II Airtech Environmental Services Inc. Test Report on the Air Emissions Test Program. Report No. 1366;

November 1,2000.

12 Jacobson, Mark Z., Fundamentals ofAtmospheric Modeling (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press,

1999), pg. 26. Reference gives the equation to calculate pressure at varying altitudes. The pressure at altitude I minus the

pressure at altitude 2 is divided by altitude I minus altitude 2. The calculated value is equal to the negative ofthe pressure

at altitude 2 multiplied by gravity.

GCC Dacotah E-13 Trinity Consultants
Equivalent

Controlled

Emission

Maximum Factor for

Flow Rate Process rate PMlO

1

Source No. Description (dscfm) (tph) (Ib/ton)

13 EDC741-1955 Allis Chalmers Finish Mill No.4 9,783.59 40 0.0210

14 EDC751-1976 Allis Chalmers Finish Mill No.5 10,191.71 45 0.0194

15 EDC761-1976 Allis Chalmers Finish Mill No.6 10,089.08 45 0.0192

16 EDC77I-1978 Traylor Finish Mill No.7 19,649.74 85 0.0198

16a EDC772-1979 Traylor Finish Mill No.7 56,450.23 85 0.0569

16b EDC708-1980 Traylor Finish Mill No.7 3,711.20 500 0.0006

16c EDC709-1981 Traylor Finish Mill No. 7 6,590.45 500 0.0011

16d EDC713-1982 Clinker Transfer System 8,769.79 500 0.0015

16e EDC781-1983 Traylor Finish Mill No.7 3,509.11 0 --

17 EDC804-Bulk Storage Silos 3,511.11 125 0.0024

18 EDC82 I-Bulk Storage Silos 3,373.88 125 0.0023

19 EDC805-Bulk Storage Silos 3,509.91 125 0.0024

20 EDC832-Bulk Storage Silos 7,804.06 125 0.0054

21 EDC824-BulkStorage Silos· 4,389.88 200 0.0019

24 EDC827-Rail Storage Silos 3,510.31 125 0.0024

25 EDC828-Rail Storage Silos 3,511.11 125 0.0024

26 EDC834-Rail Storage Silos 8,777.76 125 0.0060

27 EDC853-Bulk Rail Loadout 1,345.73 500 0.0002

28 EDC854-Bulk Rail Loadout 5,629.26 500 0.0010

35 EDC825-East Truck Loadout 2,633.63 500 0.0005

36 EDC826-West Truck Loadout 3,381.07 500 0.0006

37 EDC801-St. Regis Cement Bagging 5,177.12 114 0.0039

38 EDC802-St. Regis Cement Bagging 5,177.12 114 0.0039

39 EDC803-St. Regis Cement Bagging 5,177.12 114 0.0039

41b EDC274-Coal Stacker Top 1,141.24 400 0.0002

41c EDC275-Coal Surge Bin Top 395.09 400 0.0001

41d EDC702- Coal Tunnel to Coal Stacker 395.00 400 0.0001

41e EDC276-Coal Surge Bin Top 3,511.90 400 0.0008

41f EDC277-Coal Transfer 1,141.50 400 0.0002

41i EDC278-Coal Bin#6 1,139.81 400 0.0002

41j EDC630-Coal Dryer-FK pump 435.60 20 0.0019

62b EDC272/3 - Coal: Hopper to Conveyor 877.78 400 0.0002

I Equivalent controlled emission factors shown in this table are calculated values.

2.2.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

The annual PMJO emission rates for the dust collectors are calculated by multiplying the

equivalent emission factor in lblton by the maximum process rate.

PM10 Emissions =

~) x(ton) x(8,760hr) x ( ton ) =tpy

ton hr yr 2,0001b

GCC Dacotah E-14 Trinity Consultants
For dust collectors, PMJQ emissions are conservatively assumed to be equal to PM

emissions. Table D-2, located in Appendix D ofthe PSD Air Quality Dispersion Modeling

Analysis Report for PMJQ, summarizes the potential PMJQ emission rates for the dust

collectors.

2.2.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

Actual PMJQ emissions for dust collector sources are calculated as shown in Table D-2,

located in Appendix D ofthe PSD Air Quality Dispersion Modeling Analysis Report for

PMJQ, using 1993 and 1994 Emission Inventories. The emission factor for each source are

obtained from the relevant AP-42 chapter or the FIRE database.

2.3 FUGITIVE DUST

2.3.1 MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES

2.3.1.1 TOPSOIL REMOVAL (SOURCE 42)

2.3.1.1.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

AP-42 Section 11.9, Table 11.9.1 gives the following equation for the PMJQ

emission rates as a result ofthe bulldozing of overburden.13

(

Ib ) _ (s )" EF PMIO - 0.75 x 1.0 x (M t

Where:

EF

s

M

Emission factor for PM,o (lb/hr)

Material silt content (%)

Material moisture content (%)

AP-42 Section 13.2.4, Table 13.2.4-1 gives a silt content of9% for cover.14

Moisture content for cover is 12%.15 There is no control device in place for

topsoil removal. Thus, the PMJQ emission factor for topsoil removalis as

follows:

13 U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42Introduction to

Mineral Products Industry: Western Suiface Coal Mining (Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA, October 1998), Section

11.9, Table 11.9.1.

14 U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42Introduction to

Miscellaneous Sources: Aggregate Handling and Storage Piles (Research Triangle Park, NC:" U.S. EPA, January 1995),

Section 13.2.4, Table 13.2.4-1.

15 Ibid.

GCC Dacotah E-15 Trinity Consultants
EF PMlO (~~ ) = 0.75

= 0.621blhr

(9 )" x 1.0 x +-<,-;-;-

(12 )"

Due to the units ofthe emission factor (lblhr), short-term PMIQ emissions are

equai to the emission factor of 0.62 Iblhr. PMIO emission rates can be

calculated from this value.

PM .. ( ton) ( lb) ( hr) ( ton ) IO EmIssIOns - = 0.62 - x - x

yr hr yr 2,000 lb

Therefore, the PMIO emissions from topsoil removal are as follows.

PM .. (ton) ( lb) ( hr) ( ton) IO EmIssIons -. = 0.62 - x 447 - x yr hr yr 2,000 lb

=0.14 tpy

2.3.1.1.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

Actual hourly emissions are equal to the emission factor ofO.621blhr. Actual

annual emissions are calculated as shown previously for potential emissions.

PM .. (ton) ( lb) ( hr) ( ton) IO EmIssIons - = 0.62 - x 273 - x yr hr yr 2,000 lb

= 0.09 tpy

2.3.1.2 DRILLING (SOURCE 43)

2.3.1.2.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

PMIO emission rates as a result of drilling overburden are 0.161b total

suspended particulate (TSP)/hole according to the FIRE database.16 For

purposes ofthis calculation, it is assumed that all TSP is PMIO• Thus, the PMIO

emission rates can be calculated as follows.

(

ton) ( Ib ) ( hOles) (blasts) ( ton .) PMIO Emissions -- = 0.16 -- x --- x x

yr hole blast yr 2,000 lb

16 u.s. EPA, clearing house ofinventories and emission factors, PM2.

5 lnventory Resource Center. Factor

Information Retrieval (FIRE), version 6.25, October 2000. FlRE- SCC 3-05-010-33.

GCC Dacotah E-16 Trinity Consultants
GCC Dacotah has provided value of 1,625 holes per year. The dust collector

on the drilling rig provides 95% control of PM10 emissions.17 The PMIO

emission rate for drilling is calculated as follows.

PMIO Emissions = (0.16~) x (1625 hales) x ( ton ) x (100 - 95 ) hole yr 2,000 Ib 100

= 0.01 tpy

2.3.1.2.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

Actual emissions as a result of drilling operations are calculated as shown

previously for potential emissions. Actual PMIO emissions for drilling sources

are calculated using the 1993 and 1994 Emissions Inventories. Thus, the PMIO

emission rate for drilling is calculated as follows.

Long-term PMIO Emissions =

0.16~) x (991 hales) x ( ton ) x (100 - 95)

hole blast 2,000 Ib 100

= 0.004 tpy

2.3.1.3 SHALE CRUSHER (SOURCE 79B)

2.3.1.3.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

PMIO emission rates from the shale crusher are 0.00071b PM /ton according to

FIRE database.ls For the purposes ofthis calculation, all PM is assumed to be

PMIO• Thus, the short-term and long-term PMIO emission rates are calculated as

follows.

PM .. (ton) ( Ib) ( ton) IO EmISSIons = Throughput - x 0.0007 - x = tpy

yr ton 2,000 Ib

As stated in AP-42 11.19.1, a control factor of 80% may be used for wet

suppression spray systems at transfer points and on material handling

17 Both the 1993 and 1994 Emission Inventories give a control factor of 95% for the drilling operation due to the

dust collector design.

18 U.S. EPA, clearing house ofinventories and emission factors, PM2.5 Inventory Resource Center. Facor

Information Retrieval (FIRE), version 6.25, October 2000. FIRE - SCC 3-05-020-01.

GCC Dacotah E-17 Trinity Consultants
operations.19 The PMIO emission rate for the shale crusher is calculated as

follows.

PM .. ( ton J ( Ib) ( ton J (100 - 80) IO EmissIOns = 155,754 - x 0.0007 - x x

yr . ton 2,000 Ib 100

=0.01 tpy

2.3.1.3.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

Actual PMIO emissions for shale crusher sources are calculated using the 1993

and 1994 Emissions Inventories. Thus, the PMIO emission rate for the shale

crusher is calculated as follows.

PM .. ( ton J ( Ib) ( ton ) (100 - 80 ) IO EmiSSIOns = 80,051.5 - x 0.0007 - x x

yr ton 2,000 Ib 100

= 0.01 tpy

2.3.1.4 DISTURBED AREA (SOURCE 80)

2.3.1.4.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

AP-42 Section 13.2.5 is used to calculate the PMIO emission factor for the

disturbed area ofthe quarry.20 The emission factor can be calculated using

these equations:

EF(~) = k,P; m 1=1

P = 58 (u • - u, .)' + 25 (u • - u ••)'

P = 0 for u' $ u. •

u· = 0.053 X u lO+

Where:

19 u.s. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42 Introduction to

Construction ond Aggregate Processing: Sand and Gravel Processing (Research Triangle Park, NC: u.S. EPA, November

1995), Section 11.19.J.

20 U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42 Introduction to

Fugitive Dust Sources: Industrial Wind Erosion (Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA, January 1995), Section 13.2.5.

GCC Dacotah E-18 Trinity Consultants
EF

k

P

Emission factor for PMIO (g/m2

)

Particle size multiplier (0.5 for PMIO)

Erosion potential corresponding to the observed (or

probable) fastest mile of wind speed

Friction velocity (mls)

Threshold friction velocity (mls)

Fastest mile ofreference anemometer for period between

disturbances (mls)

The threshold friction velocity is 1.02 mls for overburden according to AP-42

Section 13.2.5, Table 13.2.5-2?1 The maximum two-minute wind speed in mph

is taken from Local Climatic Data for 1999. This value is converted to mls to

calculate the friction velocity as is shown in the equation above. The maximum

two-minute wind speed and friction velocity for each month of 1999 is detailed

in Table E- 8. The erosion potential, P, for each month is also included in

Table E- 8. As described in the equations above, P is reported as zero for those

months where the friction velocity, u*, is less than or equal to the thresh91d

friction velocity, u,*.

TABLE E- 8. WIND SPEED, FRICTION VELOCITY, AND EROSION POTENTIAL

Maximum TwoMinute Wind

Speed Friction Velocity Erosion Potential

Month (mph) (mls) (P)

January 47 1.11 2.8473

February 51 1.21 6.7663

March 47 1.11 2.8473

April 44 1.04 0.5918

May 57 1.35 14.5984

June 37 0.88 0.0000

July 39 0.92 0.0000

August 41 0.97 0.0000

September 47 1.11 2.8473

October 55 1.30 11.7272

November 54 1.28 10.3893

December 43 1.02 0.0000

Therefore, the PMIO emission factor for the disturbed area ofthe quarry can be

calculated:

21 Ibid.

GCC Dacotah E-19 Trinity Consultants
·~ P; = 52 .61 ,.1

EF (,;, ) = 0.5 x 52 .61 = 26.31 (,;,)

Thus, the PM10 emission rates can be calculated.

PMIO Emissions =

( ) ( Area g) ( Ib ) ( ton ) (4,046.9 m' ) acres x 26.31, x x x =tpy

m * yr 453.6 g 2,000 Ib . acre

No control is taken for the disturbed area. The PMIO emission rate for the

disturbed property can be calculated,

PMIO EmisSions =

(90acres)x(26.31 g)x( Ib )x( ton )x(4,046.9m') m' * yr 453.6 g 2,000 Ib acre

=10.57 tpy

2.3.1.4.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

The actual emissions may be calculated as demonstrated above.

PMIO Emissions =

(63 acres)x(26.31 g )x( lb )x( ton )x(4,046.9 m') . m' * yr 453.6 g 2,000 Ib acre

= 7.37 tpy

2.3.2 MATERIAL HANDLING SOURCES

Material transfer emissions include emissions from all loading and unloading operations at

the GCC Dacotah facility.

2.3.2.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

The PMIO emission factors for material transfer operations are calculated using

the empirical equation found in AP-42, Aggregate Handling and Storage

GCCDacotah E-20 Trinity Consultants
Piles.22 This equation will be referred to as the "drop equation" in this

application.

EF (~) = k x (0.0032)

ton

Where,

EF

k

U

M =

Emission factor for drop points (lb/ton ofmaterial)

Particle size multiplier (0.35 for PMIO)

Mean wind speed, miles per hour (mph)

Material moisture content (%)

Wind speed information is obtained from the U.S. EPA program TANKS,

Version 3.1.13 TANKS specifies an average outdoor wind speed of 11.3 mph

for the area ofRapid City, South Dakota. Controls are taken for areas that have

some protection from wind, including areas below grade or structures with at

least one wall.

The material moisture contents used in the above equation are summarized in

Table E- 9.

TABLE E- 9. MOISTURE CONTENTS

Moisture Content

Material (%)

Coal] 33.73

Shale] 20.80

Strip Dirt 2 12.00

Sand] 11.18

Iron Ore 1 3.85

Limestone] 2.90

Gypsum 2 0.70

Alkali Waste Ash 3 0.05

I The moisture content is based on previous testing.

2 The moisture conlent is based on AP-42 Section 13.2.4 Table 13.2.4·1.

J The moisture content is based on engineering judgment.

22 U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP·42 Introduction to

Fugitive Dust Sources: Aggregate Handling and Storage Piles (Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA, January 1995),

Section 13.2.4.

23 U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group (MD·14),

TANKS 3.1, Apri128, 1998, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

GCC Dacotah E-21 Trinity Consultants
Table E- 10 provides a listing ofthe PMIO emission factors used in this analysis.

Thus, emission rates can be calculated.

PMIO Emissions =

P d ro lichon . (ton) - x (IOO-control(%») x - x (EF lb) ( ton J= tpy

yr 100 ton 2,000 lb

Table D-4, located in Appendix D ofthe PSD Air Quality Dispersion Modeling

Analysis Report for PMIO, summarizes the PMIO emissions calculated for

material transfer points.

GCC Dacotah E-22 Trinity Consultants
TABLE E-IO. PMJO EMISSION FACTORS FOR MATERIAL TRANSFER POINTS

Material PMJO

Moisture Emission

Content Factor

Source Description ('Yo) (Ib/ton)

45 Quarried Limestone: Front-End Loader to Truck 2.90 0.0019

46 Sand: Front-End Loader to Truck (100% is loaded at the pit) 11.18 0.0003

46a Sand: Front-End Loader to Truck (10% oftotal sand delivery from

11.18 0.0003 pit is stored prior to the process)

47 Shale: Pile to Truck 20.80 0.0001

49 Gypsum: Quarry to Truck 0.70 0.0141

49a Gypsum: Pile to Truck 0.70 0.0141

50 Crushed Limestone: Raw Shed to Truck by Front End Loader 2.90 0.0019

50a Crushed Limestone (Crusher Back-up): Pile to Truck (to process) 2.90 0.0019

SOb Crushed Limestone: Conveyor to Screen 2.90 0.0019

SOc Crushed Limestone: Conveyor to Raw Shed 2.90 0.0019

51 Strip Dirt from Quarry Area (to Quarry Limestone) 12.00 0.0003

52a AlkalilKiln Dry Waste Ash: Bin to Truck 0.05 0.5655

53 Quarried Limestone: Truck to Crusher 2.90 0.0019

54 Sand: Truck to Semi-Enclosed Shed (90% from offsite delivery and 11.18 0.0003 10% from storage pile)

54a Sand: Truck to Pile (10% from offsite delivery) 11.18 0.0003

55 Shale: FE Loader from Quarry to Crusher 20.80 0.0001

55a Shale: Truck to Shed (100%) 20.80 0.0001

55b Shale: Stacker to Pile 20.80 0.0001

56 Iron Ore: Truck to Pile 3.85 0.0013

56a Iron Ore:Front End Loader to Shed 3.85 0.0013

57 Gypsum: Truck to Pile 0.70 0.0141

57a Gypsum: Truck to Crusher 0.70 0.0141

57b Gypsum: Conveyor to Gypsum Storage Shed 0.70 0.0141

58 Crushed Limestone (Crusher Back-up): Truck to Pile 2.90 0.0019

58a Crushed Limestone: Truck to Raw Shed 2.90 0.0019

62 Coal: Truck to Pile 33.73 0.0001

62a Coal: Truck/Front-End Loader to Hopper 33.73 0.0001

63 Unloading Strip Dirt from Truck 12.00 0.0003

64a AlkalilKiln Dry Waste Ash Truck to Quarry 7.80 0.0005

GCCDacotah E-23 Trinity Consultants
2.3.2.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

Actual emissions for material handling operations are calculated as shown

previously for potential emissions. Actual PMIQ emissions for material transfer

points are calculated using the 1993 and 1994 Emissions Inventories. The PMIQ

emission factor for each source remains the same as is calculated above. The

PMIQ emission rates for material transfer points are presented in Table D-4, in

Appendix D ofthe PSD Air Quality Dispersion Modeling Analysis Report for

PMIQ. .

2.3.3 WIND EROSION EMISSIONS

Wind erosion sources include all quarry areas and exposed storage piles.

2.3.3.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

Fugitive PMIQ emissions from these sources are calculated using the equation

provided in Air and Waste Management Association's (AWMA) Air Pollution

Engineering ManuaZ?4 For purposes of emissions calculations, the quarries

and storage piles are assumed to be active all year.

E PM = 1.7 x(_s)x(365 - P ) x(~) 1.5 235 15

(lb/day/acre)

E PM 10 = k x E PM

Where:

P

f

k

PM emission rate for active storage piles (lb/day/acre)

PMIQ emission rate for active storage piles (lb/day/acre)

silt content of aggregate (%)

number of days with <: 0.01 inch of precipitation per year

percentage oftime that the unobstructed wind speed exceeds

12 mph at the mean pile height

0.5 (for PMIQ)

The silt content ofthe various aggregates quarried and stored at the

GCC Dacotah facility appear in Table E- 11. As is recommended by the

AWMA manual, AP-42 Section 13.2.2, Figure 13.2.2-1 is used to determine the

precipitation value, p, for the above equation. This analysis uses 92 days?5

24 Air & Waste Management Association (AWMA), Air Pollution Engineering Manual (New York: AWMA,

1992), Fugitive Emissions: Storage-Pile Wind Erosion, p. 136.

25 U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42 Introduction to

Fugitive Dust Sources: Unpaved Roads (Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA, September 1998), Section 13.2.2, Figure

13.2.2-1.

GCCDacotah E-24 Trinity Consultants
The wind speed exceeds 12 mph for 29.8% ofthe time as calculated on a onehour basis using 1991 meteorological data from the Rapid City area~6

TABLE E- 11. SILT CONTENT OF AGGREGATES

Silt Content

Material (%)

Iron Ore 1 4.00

Limestone 1 3.60

Coal! 2.72

Gypsum 2 1.60

Sand 1 1.14

Gypsum Muck 2 1.00

Shale J 0.54

1 The silt content is based on previous testing.

2 The silt content is based on AP-42 Section 13.2.4 Table 13.2.4-1.

Therefore, the PMIO emission factor can be calculated as follows:

E (ton/acre/yr) =

0.5 x 1.7 x (_s) x (365 - 92 ) x (~) x (365 days ) x ( ton )

1.5 235 15 yr 2,000 Ib

Table E- 12 summarizes the PMIO emission factor calculation for the quarry

areas and storage piles. The long-term and short-term PMIO emission rates can

be calculated as follows:

PMIO Emissions =

. ( ) (IOO-contro)(%)) ( ton) ProductIOn acres x x EF = tpy 100 acre *yr

Table D-6, located in Appendix D of the PSD Air Quality Dispersion Modeling

Analysis Report for PMIO, summarizes the hourly and annual PMIO emission

rates for quarry areas and storage piles at GCC Dacotah.

26 Meteorological data consists ofsurface observations and upper air measurements from the Rapid City, South

Dakota area met station (National Weather Service Station [NWS] station number 24090). The anemometer height was 6.4

meters during this time period.

GCC Dacotah E-25 Trinity Consultants
TABLE E- 12. PM10 EMISSION FACTORS FOR THE QUARRIES AND STORAGE PILES

PMIO

Emission

Silt Content Factor

Source Description (%) (ton/acre/yr)

79 Shale Pile/Quany 0.54 0.13

79a Shale Pile at the Quany 0.54 0.13

82 Crushed Limestone Pile 3.60 0.86

83 Sand Pile 1.14 0.27

84 Sand Pit 1.14 0.27

84a Sand Pit2 1.14 0.27

85 Iron Ore Pile 4.00 0.95

86 Coal Pile 2.72 0.65

87 Gypsum Pile/Quany 1.60 0.38

87a Gypsum Pile 1.60 0.38

87b Gypsum Storage Shed 1.60 0.51

87c Gypsum Muck Pile 1.00 0.24

2.3.3.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

It is assumed that the emissions for wind erosion sources have remained

constant since 1993; therefore, these values are the same as are used above to

calculate potential emissions. Emission factors for each source remain the

same as presented above. Table D-6, located in Appendix D ofthe PSD Air

Quality Dispersion Modeling Analysis Report for PMIO, provides a complete

listing ofinformation for each source.

2.3.4 PAVED ROAD EMISSIONS

2.3.4.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

PMIO emission factors for paved roads are based on the following equation

from AP-42 Section 13.2.1.3.27

(

sL )0.65 (W)1.5 E kx - x- 2 3

27 U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42 Introduction to

Fugitive Dust Sources: Paved Roads (Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA, October 1997), Section 13.2.1, Subsection

13.2.1.3.

GCCDacotah E-26 Trinity Consultants
Where:

E

k

sL

W

= particulate emission factor (having units matching the units

ofk)

base emission factor for particle size (PMIO, IbNMT)

road surface silt loading (g/m2)

average weight of vehicles (tons)

The base emission factor of 0.016 IbNMT for PMIO is obtained from AP-42

Section 13.2.1.3, Table 13.2_1.1.28 Table 13.2.1-2 ofthis section provides a

worst-case silt loading value of 3 g/m2for public paved roads and Table

13.2-1.3 from the same section provides a road surface silt loading value for a

quarry area of 8.2 g/m2

. The average weight of vehicles used, W, is the

calculated average loaded and unloaded weight ofthe vehicles for that unit.

The U.S. EPA is proposing adding a second equation to this section which will

incorporate precipitation. The use ofthis equation would further reduce the

emission factors calculated for the paved roads at Gee Dacotah by 12.6%.29

Therefore, the emission factor can be calculated as follows:

( )

0.65 ( )1.5 E(lb/mi) = 0.016 x s~ x:

Accordingly, the controlled long-term and short-term PMIO emission rates can

be calculated as follows:

PMIO Emissions =

Vehicle Travel(;)xCOO -C;;;OI(%))x(EF:) =tpy

Table D-8, located in Appendix D ofthe PSD Air Quality Dispersion Modeling

Analysis Report for PMIO, summarizes the emission factors and emission rates

for the paved roads at Gee Dacotah.

2.3.4.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

Actual emissions for. the paved road sources are calculated as depicted above

for potential emissions. Actual vehicle weight is as reported in the 1993 and

1994 Emissions Inventories. The emission factor is calculated as shown above.

28 U.S. EPA, Office ofAir and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42 Introduction to

Fugitive Dust Sources: Paved Roads (Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA, October 1997), Section 13.2.1.3, Table 13.2-

1.1.

29 U.S. EPA, Office ofAir and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42 Introduction to

Fugitive Dust Sources: Paved Roads (Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA, DRAFT October 2001), Page 13.2.1-4.

Gee Dacotah E-27 Trinity Consultants
2.3.5

Table D-8, located in Appendix D ofthe PSD Air Quality Dispersion Modeling

Analysis Report for PMIO, summarizes the actual emission rates.

UNPAVED ROAD EMISSIONS

2.3.5.1 POTENTIAL TO EMIT

PMIO emission factors for unpaved roads are based on the following equation

from AP-42 Section 13.2.2.2.30

E

Where:

E

k, a, b, c

s

W

M

size-specific emission factor (lbNMT)

empirical constants (PMIO)

surface silt material content (%)

mean vehicle weight (tons)

surface material moisture content (%)

The empirical constants used in this calculation are found in AP-42 Section

13.2.2, Table 13.2.2-2. For PMIO, the constants k, a, b, and c are given as 2.6,

0.8,0.4, and 0.3, respectively. The surface material moisture content for a haul

truck on an unpaved road is 2.4% according to AP-42 Section 11.9, Table

11.9_2.31 Unpaved road silt contents for stone crushing operations range from 5

to 10% by weight. 32 A value of 8% is assumed for this analysis. The mean

weight (loaded and unloaded) ofvehicles used is calculated for each unit. It is

conservatively assumed that the average speed is greater than 15 mph.

Thus, the emission factor can be calculated as follows:

( 8)0.8 (W) 0.' 2.6 x - x- E (lb/mi) = __->---,12---,-_"....,-'---,3--<-_

~)0'3

0.2

30 U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42 Introduction to

Fugitive Dust Sources: Unpaved Roads (Research Triangle Park, NCo U.S. EPA, September 1998), Section 13.2.2, Figure

13.2.2-1.

31 U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, AP-42 Introduction to

Mineral Products Industry: Western Surface Coal Mining (Research Triangle Park, NCo U.S. EPA, October 1998), Section

11.9, Table 11.9-2.

32 Dr. John Richards, Ph.D., P.E., Todd Brozell, P.E., and Brian Palm, "Stone Crushing," page 5.

GCC Dacotah E-28 Trinity Consultants
Accordingly, the controlled long and short-term PMIO emission rates can be

calculated as follows.

PMIO Emissions =

Vehicle Traver(;:)xCOO-C~;:Ol(%))x(EF ~) =tpy

Table E- 13 summarizes the emission factor calculations ofPMIO for unpaved

roads. Table D-8, located in Appendix D ofthe PSD Air Quality Dispersion

Modeling Analysis Report for PMIO, summarizes the emission rates for the

unpaved roads at GCC Dacotah.

TABLE E-13. PM\o EMISSION FACTORS FOR THE UNPAVED ROADS

Mean PMIO

Vehicle Emission

Weight Factor

Source Description (tons) (Ib/mi)

97A Miscellaneous Travel 2.0 0.76

99 AlkalilKiln Waste Bin-Quarry 51.3 2.78

101 Quarry Limestone (Quarry to Crusher) Traffic 81.0 3.33

2.3.5.2 ACTUAL EMISSIONS

Actual emissions for the unpaved roads are calculated as shown above for

potential emissions using the appropriate 1993 and 1994 average production

levels. Emission factors are calculated as shown above using the average

vehicle weights reported in the 1993 and 1994 Emissions Inventories. Table

D-8, located in Appendix D ofthe PSD Air Quality Dispersion Modeling

Analysis Report for PMIO,summarizes the emission factors and actual emission

rates.

GCC Dacotah E-29 Trinity Consultants
2.4 NET INCREASE

Table E- 14 details the net increase in PMIO emissions at the facility.

TABLE E- 14. NET INCREASE OF PM\o EMISSIONS

Past Actual Future Potential Net Emissions

Emission Unit(s) Emissions Emissions Increase

(tpy) (tpy) (tpy)

Kiln No.6 32.60 52.34 19.74

Clinker Cooler 19.97 37.62 17.65

Alkali By-Pass 3.05 10.35 7.30

Coal Dryer 0.00 9.15 9.15

Dust Collectors 68.97 38.55 -30.42

Topsoil Removal 0.09 0.14 0.05

Drilling 0.01 0.01 0.00

Shale Crusher 0.01 0.Q1 0.00

Disturbed Area 7.37 10.57 3.20

Material Transfer 3.97 7.44 3.47

Wind Erosion 13.99 13.99 0.00

Paved Roads 0.85 2.38 1.53

Unpaved Roads 11.43 14.97 3.54

Total 162.31 197.52 35.21

The total PMIO emissions increase of35.21 tpy is in excess ofthe PSD significance level of

15 tpy.

2.5 CREDITABLE EMISSION CHANGES

No creditable emissions changes occurred during the contemporaneous period; therefore,

the project is subject to a PSD review for PMIO•

GCCDacotah E-30 Trinity Consultants
GCC Dacotah

APPENDIXF

MODIFIED SOURCE INFORMAnON

Trinity Consultants
TABLE F-l. LC COORDINATES AND PMIO NET EMISSION L....CREASES CORRESPONDING

TO THE GCC DACOTAH MODIFICATIONS *

LC LC PMIO Net

Source ID East North Emissions Increase

Number Number Source Description (rn) (m) (g/s)

I SRCI EDC10 I Crushers 114,012 183,356 8.1466E-03

2 SRC2 EDC102 Screen 114,006 183,311 9.7759E-03

3 SRC3 ESP402 Wet Process Rotary Kiln No.4 114,004 183,158 O.OOOOE+OO

4 SRC4 ESP403 Wet Process Rotary Kiln No.5 114,005 183,171 O.OOOOE+OO

5a SRC5a EDC416 (S) Wet Process Clinker Coolers 114,174 183,116 O.OOOOE+OO

5b SRC5b EDC416(N) Wet Process Clinker Coolers 114,174 183,124 O.OOOOE+OO

6 SRC6 EDC652 Kiln Feed Storage Silo 113,997 183,226 5.0916E-02

6a SRC6a EDC501 Rock Silo to Loesche Mill 114,009 183,218 6.843IE-02

6b SRC6b EDC602 Kiln Feed Storage Silo to Kiln 114,030 183,223 3.2586E-02

7 SRC7 EDC421 Penthouse No.1 (Wet) 113,873 183,126 O.OOOOE+OO

7a SRC7a EDC420 Penthouse No.1 (Wet) 114,026 183,141 O.OOOOE+OO

7b SRC7b EDC710 Penthouse No.1 (Wet) 113,904 183,113 2.3625E-03

7c SRC7c EDC703 Raw Shed to Loesche Mill 114,005 183,254 2.6069E-02

7d SRC7d EDC706 Raw Shed to Loesche Mill. 114,033 183,284 6. I099E-03

7e SRC7e EDC705 Gyp Shed to Old Clinker 114,068 183,282 7.1902E-04

7f SRC7f EDC704 Gyp Shed to Old Clinker 114,106 183,281 2.6069E-02

7g SRC7g EDC70 I BC 107 to BC 108 Transfer 114,014 183,326 7.1902E-04

8 SRC8 EDC614 Penthouse No.2 (Dry) 113,876 183,248 4.7250E-02

8a SRC8a EDC627 Penthouse No.2 (Dry) 114,123 183,204 3.3075E-02

8b SRC8b EDC613 Penthouse No.2 (Dry) 113,948 183,214 4.4888E-02

8c SRC8c EDC707 Rock Silo Discharge 113,998 183,239 1.6293E-03

9 SRC9 EDC619 No.6 Mill, Preheater, Kiln 113,941 183,197 1.5057E+00

10 SRCIO EDC615 Dry Process Clinker Cooler 114,150 183,218 1.0823E+00

11 SRCII EDC623 Dry Process Alkali By Pass Bin 114,049 183,220 2.9736E-01

12 SRCI2 EDC73 I Finish Mill No.3 114,087 183,075 1.2261E-02

13 SRCI3 EDC741 Finish Mill No.4 114,070 183,075 1.6506E-02

14 SRCI4 EDC751 Finish Mill No.5 114,059 183,088 5.6731E-02

15 SRC15 EDC761 Finish Mill No.6 114,048 183,089 5.8328E-02

16 SRC16 EDC771 Finish Mill No.7 114,020 183,091 1.1194E-01

16a SRCI6a EDC772 Finish Mill No.7 114,030 183,079 3.2169E-01

16b SRCI6b EDC708 Finish Mill No.7 114,020 183,101 3.3922E-03

16c SRCI6c EDC709 Finish Mill No.7 114,023 183,101 6.2190E-03

16d SRC16d EDC713 Finish Mill No.7 114,076 183,106 1.7719E-02

17 SRC17 EDC804 Bulk Storage Silos 114,237 183,035 9.6298E-03

18 SRC18 EDC821 Bulk Storage Silos 114,248 183,069 9.6298E-03

19 SRCI9 EDC805 Bulk Storage Silos 114,239 183,086 9.6298E-03 .

GCC Dacotah F-l Trinity Consultants
LC LC PMIO Net

Source ID East North Emissions Increase

Number Number Source Description (m) (m) (g/s)

20 SRC20 EDC832 Bulk Storage Silos 114,237 183,019 9.6298E

21 SRC21 EDC824 Bulk Storage Silos 114,269 183,027 9.6298E

24 SRC24 EDC827 Rail Storage Silos 114,218 183,051 9.6298E

25 SRC25 EDC828 Rail Storage Silos 114,207 183,036 9.6298E

26 SRC26 EDC834 Rail Storage Silos 114,215 183,036 9.6298E

27 SRC27 EDC853 Bulk Rail Loadout 114,220 183,073 9.5020E

28 SRC28 EDC854 Bulk Rail Loadout 114,224 183,076 9.5020E

35 SRC35 EDC825 East Truck Loadout 114,268 183,033 1.5253E

36 SRC36 EDC826 West Truck Loadout 114,265 183,023 1.5253E

38 SRC38 EDC802 Cement Bagging 114,246 183,114 5.6370E

40 SRC40 EDC419 Wet Kiln to Waste Bin 114,022 183,182 2.0564E

41b SRC4lb EDC274 Coal Dryer-Stacker Top 114,101 183,540 5.4510E

41c SRC4lc EDC275 Coal Dryer-Surge Bin Top 114,130 183,493 2.7255E

41d SRC4ld EDC702 Coal Tunnel to Stacker 114,067 183,559 2.7255E

41e SRC4le EDC276 Coal Dryer-Surge Bin Top 114,129 183,491 2.1804E

41f SRC41f EDC277 Coal Dryer-Transfer 114,179 183,406 5.4510E

41g SRC41g EDC280 Coal Dryer-Coal Bin#4 114,168 183,148 1.2314E

41h SRC41h EDC279Coal Dryer-Coal Bin#5 114,169 183,170 2.3678E

41 i SRC4li EDC278 Coal Dryer-Coal Bin#6 114,142 183,175 5.4510E

41j SRC41j EDC630 Coal Dryer-Coal System No.6 114,129 183,172 5.1784E

62b SRC62b EDC272/3 Coal: Hopper to Conveyor 114,038 183,578 5.4510E

• According to Section 3.7 ofthis modeling report, fugitive PM,. emissions are not considered in the CALPUFF analysis. All dust collector

PM" net emissions increases (SRCs 1 -41j and 62b) are combined and emitted through the main stack, i.e., SRC 9.

GCC Dacotah F-2 Trinity Consultants
GCC Dacotah

APPENDIXG

SAMPLE CALPOST INPUT FILE

Trinity Consultants
GCC Dacotah - Rapid City, South Dakota

53 x 43 computational grid 4 kID spacing

Visibility Analysis: Badlands

---------------- Run title (3 lines)

CALPOST MODEL CONTROL FILE

INPUT GROUP: 0 -- Input and Output File Names

Input Files

File

Conc/Dep Flux File

Relative Humidity File

Background Data File

Transmissometerl

Nephelometer Data File

Output Files

File

List File

Default File Name

MODEL.DAT

VISB.DAT

BACK.DAT

VSRN.DAT

Default File Name

CALPOST.LST

=CALPUFF.CON

=CALPUFF.VIS

! MODDAT

! VISDAT

*BACKDAT

*VSRDAT = *

*

PSTLST =CALPOST.LST

Pathname for Timeseries Files (blank)

(activate with exclamation points only if

providing NON-BLANK character string)

Pathname for Plot Files (blank)

(activate with exclamation points only if

providing NON-BLANK character string)

* TSPATH

* PLPATH

*

*

User Character String (U) to augment default filenames

(activate with exclamation points only if

providing NON-BLANK character string)

Timeseries TSttUUUU.DAT * TSUNAM *

Top Nth Rank Plot RttUUUUU.DAT

or RttiiUUU.GRD * TUNAM *

Exceedance Plot XttUUUUU.DAT

or XttUUUUU.GRD * XUNAM *

Echo Plot jjjtthhU.DAT

(Specific Days) or jjjtthhU.GRD * EUNAM *

Visibility Plot V24UUUUU.DAT * VUNAM *

(Daily Peak Summary)
All file names will be converted to lower case if LCFILES = T

Otherwise, if LCFILES = F, file names will be converted to UPPER CASE

T = lower case ! LCFILES = F !

F = UPPER CASE

NOTE: (1) file/path names can be up to 70 characters in length

NOTE: (2) Filenames for ALL PLOT and TIMESERIES FILES are constructed

using a template that includes a pathname, user-supplied

character(s), and fixed strings (tt,ii,jjj, and hh), where

tt = Averaging Period (e.g. 03)

ii = Rank (e.g. 02)

jjj= Julian Day

hh = Hour (ending)

are determined internally. based on selections made below.

If a path or user-supplied character(s) are supplied, each

must contain at least 1 non-blank character.

!END!

INPUT GROUP: 1 -- General run control parameters

Option to run all periods found

in the met. file(s) (METRUN) Default: 0 ! METRUN 1

METRUN

METRUN

o - Run period explicitly defined below

1 - Run all periods in CALPUFF data file(s)

Starting date: Year (ISYR) No default ISYR 1990

(used only if Month (ISMO) No default ISMO 0

METRUN = 0) Day (ISDY) No default ISDY 0

Hour (ISHR) No default ISHR 0

Number of hours to process (NHRS) No default NHRS 0

Process every hour of data? (NREP) Default: 1 NREP 1

(1 every hour processed,

2 every 2nd hour processed,

5 every 5th hour processed, etc. )

Species & Concentration/Deposition Information

Species to process (ASPEC) -- No default ASPEC VISIB

(ASPEC = VISIB for visibility processing)

Layer/deposition code (ILAYER) Default: 1

'1' for CALPUFF concentrations,

'-I' for dry deposition fluxes,

'-2' for wet deposition fluxes,

'-3' for wet+dry deposition fluxes.

ILAYER 1

Scaling factors of the form:

X(new) = X(old) * A + B

(NOT applied if A = B = 0.0)

Defaults:

A 0.0

B = 0.0

A

B

0.0

0.0

Add Hourly Background Concentrations/Fluxes?

(LBACK) -- Default: F LBACK F
Receptor information

Gridded receptors processed?

Discrete receptors processed?

CTSG Complex terrain receptors

(LG) -- Default: F

(LD) -- Default: F

processed?

(LCT) -- Default: F

LG

LD

LCT

F

T

F

--Report results by DISCRETE receptor RING?

(only used when LD = T) (LDRING) -- Default: F ! LORING F

--Select range of DISCRETE receptors (only used when LD = T) :

Select ALL DISCRETE receptors by setting NDRECP flag to -1;

OR

Select SPECIFIC DISCRETE receptors by entering a flag (0,1) for each

o = discrete receptor not processed

1 = discrete receptor processed

using repeated value notation to select blocks of receptors:

23*1, 15*0, 12*1

Flag for all receptors after the last one assigned is set to 0

(NDRECP) -- Default: -1

! NDRECP -1

--Select range of GRIDDED receptors (only used when LG = T) :

X index of LL corner (IBGRID) -- Default: -1 ! IBGRID -1

(-1 OR 1 <= IBGRID <= NX)

Y index of LL corner (JBGRID) -- Default: -1 JBGRID -1

(-1 OR 1 <= JBGRID <= NY)

X index of DR corner (IEGRID) Default: -1 IEGRID -1

(-1 OR 1 <= IEGRID <= NX)

Y index of DR corner (JEGRID) Default: -1 JEGRID -1

(-1 OR 1 <= JEGRID <= NY)

Note: Entire grid is processed if IBGRID=JBGRID=IEGRID=JEGRID=-l

--Specific gridded receptors can also be excluded from CALPOST

processing by filling a processing grid array with Os and Is. If the

processing flag for receptor index (i,j) is 1 (ON), that receptor

will be processed if it lies within the range delineated by IBGRID,

JBGRID,IEGRID,JEGRID and if LG=T. If it is 0 (OFF), it will not be

processed in the run. By default, all array values are set to 1 (ON).

Number of gridded receptor rows provided in Subgroup (la) to

identify specific gridded receptors to process

(NGONOFF) -- Default: 0 ! NGONOFF 0

!END!

Subgroup (la) -- Specific gridded receptors included/excluded
Specific gridded receptors are excluded from CALPOST processing

by filling a processing grid array with Os and ls. A total of

NGONOFF lines are read here. Each line corresponds to one 'row'

in the sampling grid, starting with the NORTHERNMOST row that

contains receptors that you wish to exclude, and finishing with

row 1 to the SOUTH (no intervening rows may be skipped). Within

a row, each receptor position is assigned either a 0 or 1,

starting with the westernmost receptDr.

o gridded receptor not processed

1 = gridded receptor processed

Repeated value notation may be used to select blocks of receptors:

23*1, 15*0, 12*1

Because all values are initially set to 1, any receptors north of

the first row entered, or east of the last value provided in a row,

remain ON.

(NGXRECP) -~ Default: 1

INPUT GROUP: 2 -- Visibility Parameters (ASPEC VISIB)

Maximum relative humidity (%) used in particle growth curve

(RHMAX) Default: 98 ! RHMAX 98.0

Modeled species to be included in computing the light extinction

Include SULFATE?

Include NITRATE?

Include ORGANIC CARBON?

Include COARSE PARTICLES?

Include FINE PARTICLES?

Include ELEMENTAL CARBON?

(LVS04 )

(LVN03)

(LVOC)

(LVPMC)

(LVPMF)

(LVEC)

Default: T

Default: T

Default: T

Default: T

Default: T

Default: T

LVS04

LVN03

LVOC

LVPMC

LVPMF

LVEC

T

T

F

F

T

F

And, when ranking for TOP-N, TOP-50, and Exceedance tables,

Include BACKGROUND? (LVBK) Default: T ! LVBK F

Species name used for particulates in MODEL.DAT file

COARSE (SPECPMC) Default: PMC ! SPECPMC PM2.5

FINE (SPECPMF) Default: PMF SPECPMF PM10

Extinction Efficiency (l/Mm per ug/m**3)

MODELED particulate species:

EEPMCBK = 1.0 !

PM COARSE

PM FINE

BACKGROUND particulate

PM COARSE

(EEPMC)

(EEPMF)

species:

(EEPMCBK)

Default: 0.6

Default: 1. 0

Default: 0.6

EEPMC

EEPMF

1.0

1.0 1·

Other species:

~~MONIUM SULFATE

AMMONIUM NITRATE

ORGANIC CARBON

SOIL

(EES04 )

(EEN03)

(EEOC)

(EESOIL) --

Default:

Default:

Default:

Default:

3.0

3.0

4.0

1.0

EES04

EEN03

EEOC

EESOIL

3.0

3.0

4.0

1.0
ELEMENTAL CARBON (EEEC) -- Default: 10.

Background Extinction Computation

EEEC 10.0

Method used for background light extinction

(MVISBK) -- Default: 6 ! MVISBK = 2

1 Supply single light extinction and hygroscopic fraction

- IWAQM (1993) RH adjustment applied to hygroscopic

background

and modeled sulfate and nitrate

2 Compute extinction from speciated PM measurements (A)

- Hourly RH adjustment applied to observed and modeled

sulfate

and nitrate

- RH factor is capped at RHMAX

3 Compute extinction from speciated PM measurements (B)

- Hourly RH adjustment applied to observed and modeled

sulfate

and nitrate

- Receptor-hour excluded if RH>RHMAX

- Receptor-day excluded if fewer than 6 valid receptorhours

4 = Read hourly transmissometer background extinction

measurements

- Hourly RH adjustment applied to modeled sulfate and

nitrate - Hour excluded if measurement invalid (missing,

interference,

or large RH)

- Receptor-hour excluded if RH>RHMAX

- Receptor-day excluded if fewer than 6 valid receptorhours

5 = Read hourly nephelometer background extinction

measurements

- Rayleigh extinction value (BEXTRAY) added to measurement

- Hourly RH adjustment applied to modeled sulfate and

nitrate

- Hour excluded if measurement invalid (missing,

interference,

or large RH)

- Receptor-hour excluded if RH>RHMAX

- Receptor-day excluded if fewer than 6 valid receptorhours

6 Compute extinction from speciated PM measurements

- FLAG RH adjustment factor applied to observed and

modeled sulfate and nitrate

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 1:

Background light extinction (l/Mm)

(BEXTBK) -- No default ! BEXTBK 0.0

Percentage of particles affected by relative humidity

(RHFRAC) -- No default ! RHFRAC 0.0

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 6:

Extinction coefficients for hygroscopic species (modeled and

background) are computed using a monthly RH adjustment factor

in place of an hourly RH factor (VISB.DAT file is NOT needed).
Enter the 12 monthly factors here (RHFAC). Month 1 is January.

(RHFAC) -- No default RHFAC = 3.7, 3.7, 3.7, 3.7,

3.7, 3.7, 3.7, 3.7,

3.7, 3.7, 3.7, 3.7 !

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 2,3,6:

Background extinction coefficients are computed from monthly

CONCENTRATIONS of ammonium sulfate (BKS04), ammonium nitrate

(BKN03) ,

coarse particulates (BKPMC), organic carbon (BKOC), soil (BKSOIL),

and

elemental carbon (BKEC) . Month 1 is January.

(ug/m**3)

(BKS04 ) No default BKS04 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2,

0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2,

0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 !

(BKN03) -- No default BKN03 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, O. 0,

0.0, 0.0, 0.0, O. 0,

0.0, O. 0, 0.0, 0.0 !

(BKPMC) -- No default BKPMC 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, O. 0,

0.0, 0.0, O. 0, O. 0,

0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 !

(BKOC) -- No default BKOC 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, O. 0,

0.0, 0.0, 0.0, o. 0,

0.0, 0.0, o. 0, 0.0 !

(BKSOIL) -- No default BKSOIL= 4.5, 4 .5, 4 .5, 4.5,

4.5, 4.5, 4 .5, 4.5,

4.5, 4.5, 4 .5, 4.5 !

(BKEC) -- No default BKEC 0.0, 0.0, o. 0, o. 0,

o. 0, o. 0, o. 0, o. 0,

0.0, o. 0, o. 0, 0.0 !

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 2,3,5,6:

Extinction due to Rayleigh scattering is added (l/Mm)

(BEXTRAY) -- Default: 10.0 ! BEXTRAY

!END!

INPUT GROUP: 3 -- Output options

Output Units

10.0

Units for"All Output

for

Concentration

1 g/m**3

2 mg/m**3

3 ug/m**3

4 ng/m**3

5 Odour Units

(IPRTU) -- Default: 1

for

Deposition

g/m**2/s

mg/m**2/s

ug/m**2/s

ng/m**2/s

IPRTU 1

Visibility: extinction expressed in l/Mega-meters (IPRTU is ignored)
Averaging time(s) reported

I-hr averages

3-hr averages

24-hr averages

Run-length averages

(LIHR)

(L3HR)

(L24HR)

(LRUNL)

Default: T

Default: T

Default: T

Default: T

LIHR

L3HR

L24HR

LRUNL

F

F

T

T

User-specified averaging time in hours - results for

an averaging time of NAVG hours are reported for

NAVG greater than 0:

(NAVG) -- Default: 0

Types of tabulations reported

NAVG o

1) Visibility: daily visibility tabulations are always reported

for the selected receptors when ASPEC = VISIB.

In addition, any of the other tabulations listed

below may be chosen to characterize the light

extinction coefficients.

[List file or Plot/Analysis File]

2) Top 50 table for each averaging time selected

[List file only]

(LT50) -- Default: T LT50 T

3) Top 'N' table for each averaging time selected

[List file or Plot file]

(LTOPN) -- Default: F LTOPN T

4

Number of 'Top-N' values at each receptor

selected (NTOP must be <= 4)

(NTOP) -- Default: 4 NTOP

Specific ranks of 'Top-N' values reported

(NTOP values must be entered)

(ITOP(4) array) -- Default: ITOP

1,2,3,4

4

1 , 2 , 3 ,

4) Threshold exceedance counts for each receptor and each averaging

time selected

[List file or Plot file]

(LEXCD) Default: F LEXCD = F

Identify the threshold for each averaging time by assigning a

non-negative value (output units) .

Default: -1.0

Threshold for I-hr averages (THRESHl) THRESHI -1. 0

Threshold for 3-hr averages (THRESH3) THRESH3 -1. 0

Threshold for 24-hr averages (THRESH24 ) THRESH24 -1. 0

Threshold for NAVG-hr averages (THRESHN) THRESHN -1. 0
Counts for the shortest averaging period selected can be

tallied daily, and receptors that experience more than NCOUNT

counts over any NDAY period will be reported. This type of

exceedance violation output is triggered only if NDAY > O.

Accumulation period(Days)

(NDAY) -- Default: 0 NDAY 0

Number of exceedances allowed

(NCOUNT) -- Default: 1 NCOUNT 1

5) Selected day tablets)

Echo Option -- Many records are written each averaging period

selected and output is grouped by day

[List file or Plot file]

(LECHO) -- Default: F LECHO = F

Timeseries Option ~- Averages at all selected receptors for

each selected averaging period are written to timeseries files.

Each file contains one averaging period, and all receptors are

written to a single record each averaging time.

[TSttUUUU.DAT files]

(LTIME) -- Default: F

Days selected for output

(IECHO(366)) -- Default: 366*0

! IECHO = 366*1 !

(366 values must be entered)

Plot output options

LTIME F

Plot files can be created for the Top-N, Exceedance, and Echo

tables selected above. Two formats for these files are available,

DATA and GRID. In the DATA format, results at all receptors are

listed along with the receptor location [x,y,val1,va12, ... ].

In the GRID format, results at only gridded receptors are written,

using a compact representation. The gridded values are written in

rows (x varies), starting with the most southern row of the grid.

The GRID format is given the .GRD extension, and includes headers

compatible with the SURFER(R) plotting software.

A plotting and analysis file can also be created for the daily

peak visibility summary output, in DATA format only.

Generate Plot file output in addition to writing tables

to List file?

(LPLT) -- Default: F

Use GRID format rather than DATA format,

when available?

(LGRD) -- Default: F

Additional Debug Output

Output selected information to List file

! LPLT

LGRD

F

F
for debugging?

!END!

(LDEBUG) -- Default:F LDEBUG

F
GCCDacotah

ApPENDIXH

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Trinity Consultants
GCC Dacotah

APPENDIX!

RELATIVE HUMIDITY ANALYSIS

Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

Relative humidity data for years prior and post 1990 are researched to determine ifJanuary 1990 relative

humidity values are higher or lower than during other years. The research focuses on January data due to

the fact that the model-predicted light extinction values for January 16 and 17, 1990 are significantly

higher in magnitude than any other model-predicted light extinction values: 15.97 percent for January 16,

1990 and 12.22 percent for January 17, 1990.

Two years ofrelative humidity data prior to 1990 (namely 1988 and 1989) and after 1990 (namely 1991

and 1992) are examined to determine if the 1990 data is representative ofsurrounding years. The

maximum hourly relative humidity data was obtained from the Rapid City Regional Airport (WBAN ill

24090) to correspond to the surface station selected for temperature interpolation within the GCC Dacotah

CALMET analysis (Section 2). Light extinction values for January 16th and 17th

are calculated based on

the relative humidity values from 1988, 1989, 1991, and 1992. The relative humidity values on January

16th and 17th for all other years are lower than those occurring in 1990 as summarized in Table 1-1.

TABLE I-I. RELATIVE HUMIDITY VALUES FOR JANUARY 16 AND 17,1988-1992·

January 16 January 17

Year Maximum Hourly Maximum Hourly

Relative Humidity Relative Humidity

(%) (%)

1988 74 88

1989 61 66

1990 100 96

1991 92 81

1992 82 88

.. • Relaave Humtdtty data was purchased from the National Chmaac Data Center

(NCDC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on June 27, 2002.

Extinction change is based on a 24-hour average. Therefore, hourly extinction change values for January

16 and 17, 1990 are determined by postprocessing the CALPUFF data on an hourly average. By

postprocessing the data on an hourly average, the hours significantly contributing to the 24-hour light

extinction change can be analyzed for any abnormal data and inconsistencies.

For January 16, 1990, the model-predicted light extinction change is affected by hours 18-23 only,

corresponding to 6 P.M. through 11 P.M. The relative humidity factor utilized by the model is 18.059

corresponding to a 100 percent relative humidity value. Table 1-1 shows that 1991 and 1992 represent

the two years surrounding 1990 with the second and third highest relative humidity values: 92 percent and

82 percent, respectively. If all hours between 18-23 are substituted with a relative humidity value of92

percent corresponding to 1991, leaving all other hourly relative humidity values identical to the modelpredicted values, the 24-hour calculated light extinction change is 5.71 percent. Ifsubstituted with a

relative humidity value of 82 percent corresponding to 1992, the 24-hour calculated light extinction

change is 2.91 percent. Thus, by changing the relative humidity value for 6 hours ofJanuary 16, 1990 to

values from 1991 or 1992, the light extinction change is reduced considerably with a model-predicted

GCC Dacotah I-I Trinity Consultants
REVISED DECEMBER 12, 2002

extinction change below the FLM's FLAG threshold ofa 5 percent light extinction change for the 1992

scenario; a significant reduction from 15.97 percent. Table 1-2 contains the spreadsheet used to calculate

the light extinction values for January 16 using data representing 1991 and 1992.

Note that the light extinction changes for 1991 and 1992 are derived from the ratio ofthe 1990 light

extinction change and the corresponding relative humidity factors in these years. This method can be

used because the light extinction values due to S02 and NO, emissions have a linear relationship with the

relative humidity factor and the light extinction due to 502and NO, emissions dominates the total light

extinction contribution from all emissions (S02> NO" and PMIO). Moreover, the hourly background

extinction value is calculated based on the corresponding hourly relative humidity factor.

A similar calculation is completed for January 17th• As listed in Table 1-I, the two years corresponding to

the second and third highest relative humidity values surrounding 1990 are 1992 and 1991 with values of

88 percent and 81 percent, respectively. For January 17, 1990, the 24-hour model-predicted light

extinction value is most affected by hours 0 to 2 corresponding to II P.M. ofJanuary 16th to 2 A.M of

January 17th • During this 3-hour period, the first hour has a relative humidity factor of 18.059, which

equals 100 percent relative humidity; the second and third hour have relative humidity factors of 12.429,

which equals 96 percent. For each ofthese three hours, relative humidity values from 1992 and 1991 are

substituted, leaving all other factors identical to the original 24-hour average model-predicted value.

Based on the substitution ofrelative humidity at 88 percent and 81 percent, the calculated light extinction

is 6.42 percent and 5.70 percent, respectively. In this circumstance, the light extinction change is

drastically reduced, i.e., from an original value of 12.22 percent. Table 1-3 contains the spreadsheet used

to calculate the new extinction values for January 17.

Based on the research conducted on the relative humidity values for January 16th and 17th from 1988,

1989, 1991, and 1992, all relative humidity values are below the values occurring in 1990. Since the

visibility analysis for GCC Dacotah utilized the 1990 meteorological data (based on the availability ofthe

mesoscale (MM4) data), the light extinction values are based on relative humidity values higher than any

surrounding years. Therefore, the 24-hour average extinction change based on the 1990 meteorological

data may have overestimated the visibility impact ofthe modeled emissions.

GCC Dacotah 1-2 Trinity Consultants
TABLE 1-2. EXTINCTION CHANeCULATIONS FOR JANUARY 16

Calpost Hourly Data from Scenario: (101102)Seenarlo,· Visibility - S02 Scenarios. Updated Distribution. Run2. Badland•• Visibility

Project Background

ExtlneUon Extinction

Coefficient COfIfflclenl

Yu, D.y Hoo, (Mm"') (Mm") RHI< f(RH)

1990 16 0 0 25.335 18.059

1990 16 1 0 25.335 18.059

1990 16 , 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 3 0 18.065 5.941

1990 16 • 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 5 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 5 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 7 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 8 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 9 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 10 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 11 0 21.951 12.429

1990 16 12 0 18.065 5.941

1990 16 13 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16

" 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 15 0 18.065 5.941

1990 16 16 0 21.957 12.429

1990 16 17 0 25.335 100 18.059

1990 16 18 1.435 25.335 100 18.059

1990 16 19 12.547 25.335 100 18.059

1990 16 20 24.827 25.335 100 18.059

1990 16 21 23.538 25.335 100 18.059

1990 16

" 16.079 25.335 100 18.059

1990 16 23 8.729 25.335 100 18.059

24-tY: 3.631 22.737 Based on 2~ur

EXlinclion%: 15.97 average for

January 16. 1990

Expected R.sult wlth DIff....nt R.lati~ Humldlt1 Values:

Proj.ct Background 1991 Project Background 1992

Extinction Exti_n Exti_n Exti_n

Coeffic'-nt Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient

Ho~ (Mm'" (Mm") RHI< f{RH) Ho~ Mm") (Mm") RHI< f(RH)

0 0 25.3354 18.059 0 0 25.3354 18.059

1 0 25.3354 18.059 1 0 25.3354 18.059 , 0 21.9574 12.429 , 0 21.9574 12.429

3 0 18.0646 5.941 3 0 18.0646 5.941

• 0 21.9574 12.429 4 0 21.9574 12.429

5 0 21.9574 12.429 5 0 21.9574 12.429

8 0 21.9574 12.429 • 0 21.9574 12.429

7 0 21.9574 12.429 7 0 21.9574 12.429

8 0 21.9574 12.429 8 0 21.9574 12.429

9 0 21.9574 12.429 9 0 21.9574 12.429

10 0 21.9574 12.429 10 0 21.9574 12.429

11 0 21.9574 12.429 11 0 21.9574 12.429

12 0 18.0646 5.941 12 0 18.0646 5.941

13 0 21.9574 12.429 13 0 21.9574 12.429

14 0 21.9574 12.429 14 0 21.9574 12.429

15 0 18.0646 5.941 15 0 18.0646 5.941

15 0 21.9574 12.429 15 0 21.9574 12.429

17 0 25.3354 18.059 17 0 25.3354 18.059

18 0.4721 18.0647 " 5.9412 18 0.2351 16.2755 82 2.9592

19 4.1278 18.0647 92 5.9412 19 2.0560 16.2755 82 2.9592

20 8.1678 18.0647 92 5.9412 20 '.0682 16.2755 82 2.9592

21 7.7437 18.0647 92 5.9412 21 3.8570 16.2755 82 2.9592

" 5.2898 18.0647 92 5.9412

" 2.6348 16.2755 82 2.959223 2.8717 18.0647 92 5.9412 23 1.4304 16.2755 82 2.9592

'''''' 1.195 20.920 Based on 240hour 24«: 0.595 20.473 Based on 240hour

ElC1inclion%: 5.71 average for Extnction%: 2.91 average for

January 16,1991 January 16,1992

GCCDacolah 1·3 Trinity Con.<ullanl:5
TABLE 1-3. EXTINCTION CHAN_CULATIONS FOR JANUARY 17

Calpost Hourly Data from Se-narlo: (101102)Scenarlos. Visibility· S02 Scenarios· Updated Dlstribulon. Run2. Badlands. VIsibility

Project Background

Extinction Extinction

Coefficient Co-ffie"nl

Vear D., Hour (Mm·1

) (Mm·1

1 RHo/. f(RHI

1990 17 • 14.243 25.335 ,.. 18.059

1990 17 1 12.455 21.957 96 12.429

199. 17 2 8.651 21.957 96 12.429

199. 17 3 3.14 18.065 5.941

1990 17 4 3.595 18.065 5.941

1990 17 5 2.542 18.065 5.941

19" 17 , 2.59 16.928 4.047

1990 17 7 1.53 18.065 5.941

1990 17 • 1.059 17.116 4.359

1990 17 9 0.59 16.928 4.047

1990 17 ,. 0.336 15.613 1.855

1990 17

" 0.019 15.613 1.655

1990 17 12 • 16.208 2.846

1990 17 13 • 15.802 2.17

1990 17 ,. • 15.613 1.855

19.. 17 15 • 15.802 2.17

19.. 17 " • 15.802 2.17

19.. 17 17 • 15.613 1.855

19.. 17 " • 16208 2.846 19.. 17 " • 16.208 2.846

19" 17 2. • 16.208 2.846

19.. 17 21 • 16.208 2.846

19.. 17 22 • 15.982 2.469

1990 17 23 • 15.982 2.469

24·hr: 2.115 17.306 Bas.d on 24-hour

Exlincoon%: 12.22 a"era"" lor

January 17,1990

Expected Re.ult with Different Relative Humidity Value.:

Project Background Projecl Background

Extinction Extinction 1992 Extinction Extinction 1991

Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient

Hour (Mm,I) (Mm'11 RHo/. I(RH) Hour (Mm°l

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• 3.1915 16.92796 .. 4.0466 • 2.2447 16.2077 81 2.8461

1 4.0551 16.92796 .. 4.0466 1 2.8521 16.2077 81 2.8461

2 2.8185 16.92796 .. 4..... 2 1.9824 16.2077 81 2.8461

3 3.1400 18.0646 5.941 3 3.1400 18.0646 5.941

4 3.5950 18.0646 5.941 4 3.5950 18.0646 5.941

5 2.5420 18.0646 5.941 5 2.5420 18.0646 5.941 , 2.5900 16.9282 4.047 , 2.5900 16.9282 4.047

7 1.5300 18.0646 5.941 7 1.5300 18.0646 5.941

• 1.0590 17.1154 4.359 • 1.0590 17.1154 4.359

9 0.5900 16.9282 4.047 9 0.5900 16.9282 4.047 ,. 0.3360 15.613 1.855 ,. 0.3360 15.6130 1.855

" 0.0190 15.613 1.855 " 0.0190 15.6130 1.855

12 • 16.2076 2.846 12 • 16.2076 2.846

" • 15.802 2.17 13 • 15.8020 2.17 ,. • 15.613 1.855 ,. • 15.6130 1.855

15 • 15.802 2.17 15 • 15.8020 2.17

" • 15.802 2.17 " • 15.8020 2.17

17 • 15.613 1.855 17 • 15.6130 1.855

18 • 16.2076 2.846 18 • 16.2076 2.846

19 • 16.2076 2.846 19 • 16.2076 2.846

2. • 16.2076 2.846 2. • 16.2076 2.846

21 • 16.2076 2.846 21 • 16.2076 2.846

22 • 15.9814 2.469 22 • 15.9814 2.469

23 • 15.9814 2.469 23 • 15.9814 2.469

24·1v": 1.061 16.536 Band on 24-hour 24-hr: 0.937 16.446 Band on 24-h~r

ExUlclion%: 6.42 awragel« ExUlclion%: 5.70 avera"" 1«

January 17, 1992 January 17,1991

GCC Dacotab 1-4 TrinilyCoo:;ullanIS
GCC Dacotah

ApPENDIXJ

CORRESPONDENCE

Trinity Consultants
October 3, 2001

John Notar

National Park Service

Air Quality Division

P.O. Box 25287

Denver, CO 80225-0287

Dear Mr. Notar:

This is to follow up on your telephone discussion on September 18, 2001, with

Ms. Christine M. Otto concerning the modeling project Trinity Consultants is involved with in

Rapid City, South Dakota. In your discussion, we described the project to you and sought

clarification on Class I Area modeling. We understand from the discussion that in addition to the

PSD increment impact analysis and ambient air quality impact analysis (40 C.F.R. Part 51,

Appendix \V), you indicated that we would also need to comply with the recent "Federal Land

Managers Air Quality Related Values Workgroup Report"'or "FLAG." We understand that you

want us to do the following tasks in order to follow the FLAG process for this proj ect:

• Class I ATeas to be Modeled: Badlands National Park and the Wind Cave National Park

• Visibility, Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition, and Class I Increment modeling are to be

conducted using the CALPUFF model. For Class I increment modeling, we understand we

are to use the.July 1996 EPA Class I Significance Levels

• Modeling Thresholds for each analysis are to be based on the following:

a) Visibility =5% change in background extinction .

b) Deposition =You have asked us to contact Don Codding ofthe National Park Service to

obtain the threshold limits for the areas

• You requested that we submit the modeling protocol to you electronically, including sample.

CALMET, CALPUFF, and CALPOST input files and that you then will review the files to

determine whether we have selected all "switches" you feel are needed to adequately

represent the modeling. We understand you also want us to send a copy ofthe protocol to

the South Dakota DENR and EPA Region VIII.

• MM4 data will be used as the prognostic initial guess field.

12801 N. Central Expressway, Suite 1200, Dallas, Texas 75243 U.S.A. A.. Offices nationwide

(972) 661-8100 A.. Fax (972) 385-9203 A.. www.trinityconsultants.com
John Notar

National Park Service

October 3,2001

Page 2

• We understand that we are to utilize surface stations, upper air stations, and precipitation

stations data from available stations located around the facility and within the modeling

domain. Currently, 15 surface stations, 6 upper air, and 15 precipitation stations are included

in the analysis.

• Ozone data - We understand that you have reviewed your files for the available ozone

stations and for the Badlands area and that only 1992 data is available. However, we .

discussed that this data cannot be used within this analysis due to the use ofthe MM4 data

(1990). No stations are available around the Wind Cave National Park. We also discussed

the previous Lange PSD project's use ofthe value of 40 ppb, and we understand that you

believe that while that value is reasonable, you suggested that we contact EPA Region VIII

(Gordon Macrae) to determine whether a more representative value exists.

• We are to use the ammonia background value of 10 ppb, as listed in the IWAQM guidance

document page 14 for grasslands.

• We are to also use background visibility extinction values listed in the FLMs' December

2000 FLAG Report for the two Class I areas. .

• A 1 km receptor spacing will be used within and along the boundary ofthe Class I areas for

modeling purposes.

• The modeling domain will be divided into 90x70 grids with a spacing of4 kIn: 360 kIn x 200

km. Lambert Conformal projection may be better suited for this project due to the domain

size, i.e. Lambert Conformal projection will take into consideration the curvature ofthe earth

with a domain this large.

• The modeling will include the emissions increase that resulted asaconsequence ofthe 1994

modification as well as any subsequent modifications.

Please let me know if! have accurately captured our conversation concerning the

direction you want us to take for implementing FLAG in this project.

Sincerely,

~cJg.L- dU---- _

ArunK chan

Senior Project Manager

Trinity Consultants
/, Christine Otto

, ' .. ,'--' 11/05/2001 04:25 PM

To: John_Notar@nps,gov @ TCI

cc: Arun KanchanlTrinity Consultants@TCLOallas, Stacy CarrlTrinity Consultants@TCLOallas,

DFWPMDB@TCLDallas, Luke JoneslTrinity Consultants@TCLOallas

Subject: GCC Dacotah CALPUFF Modeling Analysis Updates

John,

Per our conversation this afternoon regarding the GCC Dacotah CALPUFF Modeling Analysis Protocol,

the following points will be addressed in the final CALPUFF analysis:

1. The meteorological stations included in the CALMET model will be updated to accommodate your

request, as listed below:

• Remove surface, precipitation, and upper air stations that are not contributing to the CALMET

processed meteorological grid. At this point, the stations outside of the domain are not

contributing to the processing of the meteorological grid developed by CALMET due to particular

settings established; therefore, the removal of the stations will not affect the overall meteorological

grid developed by CALMET. The following stations will now be included:

Precipitation stations:

Rapid City

Wind Cave

Oahe Dam

Scottsbluff

Casper

Surface stations:

Rapid City

Pierre

Casper

Scottsbluff

Upper Air stations:

Rapid City

Huron

North Platte

2. You suggested combining several sources, as listed in Table A-1 of the CALPUFF Modeling Analysis

Protocol, to assist with the modeling processing and run time. With regards to this suggestion, the dust

collector PM" net emissions increases will be combined and emitted from the main kiln stack. All bUilding

downwash information will be included in the CALPUFF analysis.

3. The ozone data provided by Brad Schultz of the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (SD DENR) will be used in the analysis with proper documentation.

4. The total sulfur deposition resulting from the project will be compared to the established threshold of

0.005 kg/haiyr.

According to our conversation, all other parameters listed in the CALPUFF Modeling Analysis Protocol

seem reasonable; however, you have not had a chance to review the CALMET and CALPOST input files
sent via email on October 24, 2001. You indicated that you will review those files and provide feedback

regarding the CALMET and CALPOST input files tomorrow, Tuesday, November 6, 2001.

Please let me know if I hilVe accurately captured our conversation concerning the data for the GCC

Dacotah CALPUFF Analysis.

Thank you,

Christine Otto
Brad.Schultz@state.sd.us on 10/02/2001 09:58:34 AM

To: Christine Ottorrrinity Consultants

cc:

Subject RE: Ozone Data Availability

The Ozone season data averages for 1999. and 2000 in Rapid City, South Dakota

are 22 part per billion in 1999 and 32 parts per billion in 2000. Our ozone

season starts May 1 and September 30.

The Badlands National Park site AIRS ID is 46 071 1001.

-----Original Message-----

From: Christine Otto@trinityconsultants.com

[mailto:Christine Otto@trinityconsultants.con]

Sent: Monday, September 24, 2001 5:10 PM

To: brad.schultz@state.sd.us

Subject: Ozone Data Availability

Mr. Schultz,

I am currently in the process of gathering deta for a visibility analysis

to be conducted with the CALPUFF model for the Wind Cave National Park and

the Badlands National Park areas in South Dakota. The facility I will be

modeling is a Portland Cement Plant in Rapid City, South Dakota. I am

trying to determine if ozone monitors are available within that area. I

have done some preliminary research on the South Dakota Department of

Environment and Natural Resources (SD DENR) website. It appears that

stations are located within the Rapid City and Sioux Falls areas. I wanted

to check on the monitor data availability for 1990; MM4 data will be used

as the initial prognostic wind field and thus, I will need 1990 ozone

monitor data. If monitor stations are not available from that time, I

wanted to determine if you had a recommended ozone background value for use

within the modeling. I have been able to locate a prior PSD application

that was submitted in 1999 for the Black Hills Power and Light Lange

Combustion Facility, which used a background ozone value of 40 ppb. I have

contacted John Notar of the National Park Service regarding this value and

he has stated that the value seems reasonable for the area; however, I

wanted to get verification with you as well.

In addition, I want to determine if there are improved monitoring stations

within the area to be used for dete~ining the background light extinction

in the area. Based on my understanding of the monitoring stations,

improved monitors have been set-up within Class I areas to help determine

the background values. Within other Class I areas improved monitors do not

exist, but a representative Class I area monitor has been established. If

this is the case, are there stations that are representative of the

Badlands and Wind Cave National Park areas?
I appreciate any assistance you can offer on the above questions.

would like to discuss the above information, please call me at

972-661-8100.

Thank you,

Christine Otto

Trinity Consultants

If you
•

GCC Dacotah

APPENDIXK

ELECTRONIC DATA

Trinity Consultants