African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American

Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Hispanic Pacific Islander

A BREAST CANCER RESOURCE GUIDE FOR MINORITY WOMEN

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
Developed by

THE OFFICE OF MINORITY HEALTH

RESOURCE CENTER

Contract # 213-94-0036

With the

Office of Minority Health

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF

HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES

Rockville, Maryland

The OMH Resource Center provides FREE information resources on a variety of minority health topics.

Call our toll free number at: 1-800-444-6472 or visit

our homepage on the Internet at: http://www.omhrc.gov

“The listings on the following pages are not all inclusive.

One should not conclude that the organizations listed, their products, or their services are favored or endorsed by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services”

A

Breast Cancer

Resource Guide

for

Minority Women
Introduction 4

National Organizations & Programs 4

Advocacy & Voluntary Organizations 8

Community Organizations & Programs 8

Product Information 13

Resource Persons 13

Selected Resources (Program Materials) 14

Journal & Magazine Articles 20

Breast Cancer Programs 20

Breast Self-Examination 21

Incidence, Mortality & Survival 21

Knowledge, Attitudes, & Behaviors 23

Risk Factors 24

Screening & Mammography 25

Treatment 28

Internet Resources 29

A Breast Cancer Resource Guide for Minority Women

Table of Contents
Breast Cancer and Minorities 5 OMH-RC

Introduction

The Office of Minority Health Resource Center (OMH-RC) has compiled the following list of organizations,

documents, journal articles, and other resources. These resources should be relevant to persons with breast cancer,

students, health care professionals, and researchers. OMH-RC has not evaluated the materials in this resource

guide. Materials should be reviewed to determine their appropriateness for the intended audience. Inclusion in this

listing does not imply endorsement by OMH-RC, the Office of Minority Health (OMH), or the U.S. Department

of Health and Human Services.

September 1997

African American Breast Cancer Alliance (AABCA)

P.O. Box 8981, Minneapolis, MN 55435.

612-825-3675 or 612-925-2772.

The African American Breast Cancer Alliance (AABCA)

was founded by Black women who have had breast cancer. AABCA is a member-supported advocacy group for

women with breast cancer, their families and the African American community. AABCA has formed coalitions with a variety of groups working toward increasing

the survival rates of women affected by breast cancer.

AABCA’s efforts extend beyond Minnesota to include

regional and national networks. Some activities include:

coalition building, co-sponsorship of a major local cultural health fair, and participation in numerous community events and focus groups.

American Cancer Society (ACS)

1599 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.

Director, Collaborative Programs. 404-320-3333,

1-800-227-2345.

Founded in 1913, ACS is a nationwide communitybased voluntary organization dedicated to eliminating

cancer as a major health problem by preventing cancer,

saving lives from cancer, and diminishing suffering from

cancer through research, education and service. ACS has

conducted activities aimed specifically at minority populations, including sponsoring conferences and publishing reports. ACS has developed prevention, detection

and service-related education materials including pamphlets, posters, handbooks, and audiovisuals that are ethnically sensitive. In addition, Spanish language materials have been prepared on topics such as smoking, prostate cancer, breast self-examination, and skin cancer. Requests for materials should be made through local ACS

chapters. There are 57 ACS State (Division) offices and

over 3,400 local offices. Bulk quantities of publications

are available for a fee.

American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive

Surgeons

444 East Algonquin Road, Arlington Heights, IL

60006. 847-228-9900 ext. 347.

This nonprofit organization provides information on

breast reconstruction options and a network of volunteer physicians who are available to participate in panel,

debate, and educational forums.

Breast Cancer Information Clearinghouse

Accessible via gopher at nysernet.org, and via WWW

at http://nysernet.org/bcic/

The Breast Cancer Information Clearinghouse is an Internet accessible resource for breast cancer patients and

their families. Through funding provided by New York

State Science and Technology Foundation, NYSERNet

will establish partnerships with the many organizations

which provide information and services to the public,

including government health agencies, hospitals, libraries, hospices and non-profit agencies. These agencies will

provide print materials to NYSERNet which will be put

in electronic format and made available on-line.

The project began in December 1995, and information currently accessible includes patient education materials from the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute, statistical information from the

New York State Department of Health, lists of ACS accredited mammography facilities in New York State, links

to the NCI CancerNet system, listings of support groups,

articles from the National Alliance of Breast Cancer

Organization’s newsletter, and state and federal legislation relating to breast cancer.

The mission of the Breast Cancer Information Clearinghouse is to be a repository for all current information

about breast cancer which will allow patients, survivors

and advocates to do ‘one stop shopping’ for information

about this disease. It is also a goal that an on-line surviNational

Organizations and Programs
Breast Cancer and Minorities 6 OMH-RC

vors network can be established which will allow patients to communicate with someone who has experienced the same or a similar prognosis and treatment.

Circle for Life

For more information, contact your local American

Cancer Society.

Circle for Life specifically targets and informs Native

American women about the importance of early detection of breast cancer. The program began in 1991 and

has received positive feedback and reception by areas

across the country that are in need of educating this

traditionally underserved population. The name of the

educational program denotes the belief that “all women

should be able to complete the full circle of their lives.”

The program includes a training kit with guides, information, and a video.

ENCOREplus Breast and Cervical Cancer Program

of the YWCA

Contact your local YWCA for programs and resources

in your area. The ENCOREplus Breast and Cervical

Cancer Program of the YWCA is a program designed to

meet the needs of all women, in particular women of

color, women of limited income, and older women who

do not utilize the proper preventive health services. The

program includes two basic components: breast and

cervical health education and referral to screening; and

post diagnosis and peer group support.

Intercultural Cancer Council

1720 Dryden, Suite C, Houston, TX 77030. Pamela

Jackson, National Director. 713-798-4617.

The Intercultural Cancer Council (ICC) is comprised of

a number of national minority and non-minority organizations. The mission of the ICC is to develop and promote policies and programs to address the high incidence of cancer and lower survival rates prevalent in the

minority community. The ICC will work to reduce the

higher incidence, suffering and death from cancer among

minorities, culturally diverse and medically under served

populations.

National Action Plan on Breast Cancer (NAPBC)

Public Health Service, Office on Women's Health,

U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Hubert Humphrey Bldg., Rm. 718-F, 200

Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20201.

202-401-9587.

NAPBC was initiated in 1993 in response to the 2.6

million signature petition calling for a coordinated national strategy to combat breast cancer through public/

private partnerships. The mission of the NAPBC is to

serve as a catalyst to ensure rapid progress in areas of

breast cancer knowledge, research, policy, and services.

A steering committee and six working groups identify

and guide implementation of initiatives. The program

is coordinated by Maryanne Alciati and the Steering

Commitee is co-chaired by Susan Blumenthal, M.D.,

M.P.A,, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health (Women's

Health) in DHHS, and Fran Visco, Esq., president of

the National Breast Cancer Coalition.

National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations

(NABCO)

9 East 37th Street, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10016.

212-719-0154.

The National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations

(NABCO) is a nonprofit organization that provides information and educational materials on mammography

and breast cancer, promotes affordable detection and

treatment, advocates legislation mandating insurance

coverage for screening mammograms, and advocates nationally for breast cancer patients. NABCO coordinates

National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. NABCO produces a program kit each year and an extensive bibliography of materials on all aspects of breast cancer.

National Asian Women's Health Organization

(NAWHO)

250 Montgomery St., Ste. 410, San Francisco, CA

94104. 415-989-9747.

NAWHO is a non-profit, community-based health advocacy organization committed to improving the health

status of Asian women and girls. NAWHO addresses

factors that impact physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being. Major programs at NAWHO include

the Asian Women's Reproductive and Sexual Health Empowerment Program; the Southeast Asian Women's

Health Project, and the Asian American Women's Breast

Cancer Project. In November, 1995, NAWHO sponsored the first national Asian women's health conference. The Asian American Women's Breast Cancer

Project seeks to increase awareness and knowledge of

breast health and breast cancer issues within Asian American communities; and increase access to early detection

and treatment services for Asian American women. The

project utilizes a multilevel approach: providing resources

and information, conducting trainings for health care

providers in cultural sensitivity and competence, and

affecting national policy regarding Asian women and

breast cancer.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 7 OMH-RC

National Black Women’s Health Project

1121 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 310,

Washington, DC 20005. 202-835-0117

The National Black Women’s Health Project (NBWHP)

was established in 1981 as a self-help and health advocacy organization committed to improving the health

status of African American women. The NBWHP national office is located in Washington, DC. A major program operated by the NBWHP is the Center for Black

Women’s Wellness, located in the Atlanta Public Housing Community. The center provides health screening,

gynecological exams, social services, and educational and

career opportunities for adults and adolescents. Another

program is Sister Reach, an international networking

and self-help program component designed to include

women’s groups in West Africa, Central and South

America, the Caribbean and Canada. The National Public Policy and Education Office researches, analyzes, and

promotes public policies that will improve the health

staus of Black women. NBWHP has local offices in New

York City; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Oakland, California; and Atlanta, Georgia.

National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection

Program

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop K-64, Atlanta,

GA 30341-3724. 770-488-4751.

Public Health Service (PHS) efforts have included the

development of a National Strategic Plan for the Early

Detection and Control of Breast and Cervical Cancers

to ensure that every woman for whom it is deemed appropriate receives regular screening for breast and cervical cancers, prompt follow-up if necessary, and certainty

that the tests are performed in accordance with current

recommendations for quality assurance. The Breast and

Cervical Cancer Mortality Prevention Act of 1990 authorized CDC to implement many of the activities recommended in the Plan through partnerships with State

health agencies and other national organizations. In

1995, CDC entered into the fifth year of this national

program that brings critical breast and cervical cancer

screening services to underserved women, particularly

women of low income, racial/ethnic minorities, and older

women. CDC provides national program leadership in

collaboration with other Federal agencies, professional,

national, voluntary, and consumer organizations.

National Breast Cancer Coalition (NBCC)

1707 L Street, NW, Suite 1060, Washington, DC

20036. 202-296-7477. 202-265-6854 (fax).

The National Breast Cancer Coalition (NBCC) is a

grassroots advocacy organization dedicated to eradicating breast cancer. Formed in 1991, NBCC numbers more

than 300 organizations and 41,000 individual members in its national action network. NBCC advocates in

the government, industry and the scientific communities on all issues addressing the breast cancer epidemic.

NBCC focuses on three goals: research, access and influence.

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Cancer Information Service, Building 31, Room 10A16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. 1-

800-422-6237 (1-800-4-CANCER.)

The NCI conducts and coordinates federally sponsored

research on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of

cancer. NCI has established a cancer control effort that

emphasizes smoking prevention and cessation, dietary

modification to prevent cancer, early detection of cancer

through effective screening, and widespread application

of the latest achievements in treatment research. The

NCI maintains statistics on the cancer incidence through

its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)

Program. In addition, the reduction of disproportionately high cancer death rates found in minority and

underserved groups continues to be a major focus. Consumer materials are available on the causes of cancer,

cancer prevention, the immune system, and research

progress on various types of cancer. Patient education

materials are available on the many different types of

cancer, cancer treatment, and cancer diagnosis. Spanish

language materials are available on cancer causes and

prevention, smoking cessation, the Pap test, chemotherapy, control of cancer pain, and radiation therapy.

Bilingual publications have been prepared on anticancer pharmaceuticals and health promotion for women.

NCI also operates the Physician Data Query (PDQ),

a comprehensive, computerized cancer information database that is updated monthly. The PDQ, which contains information on screening and prevention, drug information, and clinical trial protocol, is accessible via

the Internet. Patrons may also dial toll-free to the Information Associates Program Bulletin Board System using a personal computer and modem.

To access PDQ through the Internet:

Telnet to icicc.nci.nih.gov or 128.231.164.4

n At the logon prompt, enter iapmem

n You will be prompted to enter your Member ID

number
Breast Cancer and Minorities 8 OMH-RC

Native American Women’s Health Education

Resource Center

Native American Community Board, P.O. Box 572,

Lake Andes, SD 57356. 605-487-7072. 605-487-

7964 (fax).

The Native American Women’s Health Education Resource Center offers health education information and

activities. The Resource Center provides a facility in

which women can organize around issues of concern and

social change. Education and information on the following subjects are provided: fetal alcohol syndrome;

family planning; AIDS awareness; sexually transmitted

diseases; nutrition; child development; domestic violence;

and self help. The Native American Women’s Health

Education Resource Center publishes brochures and

posters on AIDS and breast cancer.

Project LEAD (Leadership, Education and Advocacy

Development)

1707 L Street NW, Suite 1060, Washington, DC

20036. 202-296-7477, ext. 112.

Project LEAD is an innovative educational program designed to increase the influence of breast cancer survivors/advocates in the scientific decision-making that affects their lives. The goal is to empower activists to speak

up, take risks, and fully participate everywhere that breast

cancer research decisions are being made. This is accomplished by selecting highly motivated breast cancer activists to participate in this program that begins with an

intensive 31⁄2 day science course. Graduates go on to

utilize their skills by serving on influential research boards

and committees.

Reach for Recovery Program

Contact your local American Cancer Society.

The Reach to Recovery Program is a volunteer visitation

program. It helps a breast cancer patient meet the emotional, physical and cosmetic needs related to her disease and its treatment. The program is one woman reaching out to share experiences and give support to another

in a time of need. Reach to Recovery also provides information and support for the loved ones of breast cancer

patients.

Sisters Network

8787 Woodway Drive, Suite 4207, Houston, TX 77063.

713-781-0255.

Sisters Network is a national African American breast

cancer survivors support group. The organization was

established in 1994 by several African American breast

cancer survivors. The primary services are to provide

n You will then be prompted to select your terminal emulation

n At the password prompt, enter a password of your

choosing. If this is the first time you access the

system, you will be asked to enter and confirm

your password. Be sure to record your password

for future use. Once you’re in the database, follow

the menus and prompts to find the information

you need.

To log on to PDQ through the Information Associates Program BBS:

n Dial into the BBS at 1-800-624-8911 (U.S.) Or

301-402-6814 (outside the U.S.)

n The BBS will prompt you to enter your name as

it appears on your Member ID card; you will then

be prompted to enter your Member ID number.

n From the BBS Main Menu, choose option 3,

“PDQ”. You will have the option of searching the

full PDQ database or downloading individual files

from a menu.

National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS)

1010 Wayne Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910.

301-650-8868.

NCCS identifies and addresses issues that affect the quality of life for cancer survivors. It offers information, advocacy, conferences, publications, a speakers’ bureau, and

technical assistance for individuals who want to start

self-help groups.

National Women’s Health Network

514 -10th Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC

20004. 202-347-1140.

The National Women’s Health Network provides upto-date information on women’s health issues. The Network has 15,500 individual members and 400 organizational members. The Network seeks to protect the

health of women by keeping them informed of the risks

of certain medications, the latest research on cancer, and

birth control methods. The Network launches campaigns

against harmful drugs and devices, and publishes a bimonthly newsletter for members.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 9 OMH-RC

emotional and psychological support, to serve as a resource for medical research, to implement community

cancer education and awareness programs, to maintain

a speakers bureau, and to publish a national newsletter.

The network has chapters in Houston, TX; Lake Jackson, TX; Dallas, TX; Los Angeles, CA; Long Island, NY;

and Seale, AL. For more information, call the National

Headquarters.

Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation

Occidental Tower, 5005 LBJ Freeway, Suite 370,

Dallas, TX 75244. 800-462-9273 (HelpLine).

972-233-0351.

The Susan G. Komen Foundation was established in

1982 by Nancy Brinker to honor the memory of her

sister, who died from breast cancer. The Foundation has

become a national organization with a network of volunteers working throughout 32 states and the District

of Columbia, fighting to eradicate breast cancer as a lifethreatening disease by advancing research, education,

screening, and treatment. The Foundation distributes

two Hispanic breast health videos and fact sheets on

Hispanic Women and Breast Cancer and African American Women and Breast Cancer.

Technical Information Services Branch, National

Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health

Promotion (NCCDPHP)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop K-13, Atlanta,

GA 30341. 770-488-5080.

The NCCDPHP, one of seven operational centers within

the CDC, undertakes programs to prevent and control

chronic diseases. NCCDPHP stresses translating research

findings into effective community-based programs and

strengthening the delivery of preventive health services.

The Center engages in three major functions: state-based

surveillance to monitor risk factors and health conditions; capacity building of state and local health organizations; and epidemiologic and intervention research and

demonstrations. NCCDPHP provides technical assistance and training to a variety of state-level programs

including maternal and infant health, breast cancer control, and nutrition.

Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization

212 West Van Buren, 5th Floor, Chicago, IL 60607-

3908. 1-800-221-2141 (National Office).

312-986-8228 (Chicago Area Hotline 24 hours).

1-800-221-2141 (National Hotline 9-5 weekdays).

312-986-9505 (Latina Breast Cancer Hotline).

Founded in 1978, Y-ME is a non-profit consumer-oriented organization that provides information, referrals,

and emotional support to individuals concerned about

or diagnosed with breast cancer. Its national toll-free

Hotline is staffed by trained staff and volunteers who

have experienced breast cancer. Y-ME promotes breast

cancer awareness through educational workshops and YME Hotline, its bimonthly, award-winning newsletter.

A wig and prosthesis bank is available for those in need.

A twelve-minute video describing the Y-ME program is

also available.

Advocacy & Voluntary

Organizations

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has compiled a

Breast Cancer Mailing list of national advocacy and voluntary organizations concerned about cancer. To obtain

this list, contact the NCI’s Liaison Office for Cancer

Communications.

Community

Organizations and Programs

Arizona Prevention Center

University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501

North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724.

520-626-6089

The Arizona Prevention Center targets Mexican American and Yaqui Indian women in its activities to address

breast and cervical cancers and cardiovascular disease.

The center’s goals are to develop, evaluate, and disseminate health assessments and interventions related to increasing screening rates for these conditions in women

aged 40 and older. The center also investigates the cultural beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about the health

of these populations. Interventions are delivered by

trained peer health educators.

Barrio Comprehensive Family Health Care Center,

Inc.

1102 Barclay, San Antonio, TX 78207. 210-434-0513.

Barrio Comprehensive Family Health Care Center, Inc.

(BCFHCC) is a private, non-profit primary health care

facility in San Antonio. In operation for the past 23 years,

BCFHCC was developed to serve children under twelve
Breast Cancer and Minorities 10 OMH-RC

of and the mortality rate from breast cancer among African American women by fifty percent by the year 2000.

BCRC is a component program of Cancer Awareness Program Services (CAPS), a nonprofit organization based in

Washington, DC. CAPS was organized in 1992 to institute comprehensive cancer awareness and education.

CAPS coordinates information and services available from

the research/medical community, local, state, and federal agencies, and disseminates cancer awareness facts

and public service messages.

Cancer Care, Inc.

1180-6th Avenue, Second Floor, New York, NY

10036. 212-302-2400. 1-800-813-4673 (National

counseling line).

Founded in 1944, Cancer Care, Inc. is a social service

agency that helps cancer patients and their families and

friends cope with the impact of cancer. Counseling and

guidance to patients and their families are offered.

Financial assistance is provided to eligible families to

help with home care, transportation, and medical treatment costs. Programs of community education and awareness, social research, and public affairs are conducted on

a local and national basis. Sample programs are the Community Education Program, Adolescent Outreach Program, the African American Outreach Program, the

Breast Cancer Outreach Program, and the Hispanic Outreach Program. Cancer Care has offices in New York,

New Jersey, and Connecticut. Cancer Care, Inc. publishes a quarterly newsletter and distributes brochures

and other literature on cancer.

Cancer Prevention Materials for African Americans

Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M

University, College Station, TX 77843-4243. Jeffrey J.

Guidry, Ph.D., Project Director.1-800-650-3813.

409-847-8987 (fax).

The Printed Cancer Education Materials for African

Americans Resource Directory includes general information about cancer in the African-American community and the importance of printed cancer education

materials for African Americans in promoting cancer prevention and awareness. Only those printed cancer education materials that were identified as culturally sensitive in the review conducted during the Cancer Prevention Materials for African Americans project were included in the resource directory. The directory includes

information on 19 printed cancer education materials

for African Americans. These printed cancer education

materials consist of pamphlets, brochures, fact sheets,

posters, and other types of publications. They provide

information on lung, breast, cervical, prostate, colorectal,

and skin cancers; on cancer in general; and on factors

that affect cancer risk, such as diet.

years of age and was one of five pilot sites nationwide for

the Early Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment

(EPSDT) program of Medicaid. In 1978 BCFHCC was

funded by the federal government as an Urban Health

Initiative and a Migrant Health Center. The Center provides comprehensive family health care, including medical, dental, health education and nutrition services.

Outreach and health education programs include the

Comprehensive Perinatal Care Program, the Chronic

Disease Education Program, the Materna-teen Program,

and the Adolescent Family Life and the Breast Cancer

Control Program. About 98 percent of the Center’s patients are Hispanic.

Breast Cancer Early Detection Program (BCEDP)—

Gold Country Regional Partnership

Health Education Council, 1721 Second Street, Suite

101, Sacramento, CA 95814.

800-511-2300 (within the state of California only).

916-556-3344.

The Breast Cancer Early Detection Program (BCEDP)

was established to help low income, underserved women

increase their chances of surviving breast cancer by providing education, free screening and diagnostic services.

(see pg.9 for description of Health Education Council.)

Breast Cancer Resource Center (BCRC)

Princeton YWCA, Montgomery Commons, Commons

Way, Suite 914, Princeton, NJ 08540.

609-497-2126; 609-252-2003(fax).

The Breast Cancer Resource Center began in 1985 as a

community resource to increase understanding of breast

cancer and to support those facing the disease. Through

lectures, seminars, media resources, and personal contact, the BCRC aims to convince all women that early

detection of breast cancer offers the most options for

treatment and the best chance of recovery. The BCRC

has a lending library of books, pamphlets, articles, abstracts of research data, audiovisuals, and other teaching

aids. Along with serving as a psychological resource for

women at any stage of breast cancer, the Resource Center is a physical resource for rehabilitative exercise following any type of surgery for breast cancer. The Center

offers individual, couple, and family consultations, ongoing support by telephone, and a woman-to-woman

hotline.

Breast Cancer Resource Committee (BCRC)

1765 N Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036.

202-463-8040. 202-463-8015 (fax).

The goal of the Breast Cancer Resource Committee

(BCRC), established in 1989, is to reduce the incidence
Breast Cancer and Minorities 11 OMH-RC

screening for age appropriate women; recruitment and

training of community women (networkers) who will

disseminate and discuss breast health newsletters/calendars among their neighbors and social networks; and

recruitment and intensive training of peer leaders (i.e.

promotoras) who will deliver a breast cancer education

curriculum using a small-group format. The program

will refer women 50 years and older (who have not had

a recent mammogram) to facilities that offer free or lowcost mammograms. A comprehensive program evaluation will be conducted, and successful intervention procedures and materials will be disseminated nationwide

through Hispanic health networks and other key organizations.

Comprehensive Health Improvement Project-CHIP

Marin County Public Health Unit, Health and

Rehabilitative Services. 620 South Dixie Highway,

Stuart, FL 34994. 561-221-4037.

This project focuses on reducing morbidity and mortality rates from chronic diseases (heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disorders) in African

American women. First, an advisory committee of African American women was formed by CHIP. With the

committee’s assistance, CHIP sponsored two community health fairs offering health screenings, risk appraisals, and counseling; conducted a health needs assessment survey of African American women in the county;

asked black churches to incorporate health messages in

church bulletins; offered quarterly smoking cessation

classes and monthly weight loss, cholesterol, and hypertension classes; and with the help of the American Cancer Society, obtained free mammograms for low-income

women.

Drew-Meharry-Morehouse Consortium Cancer

Center

1005 D.B. Todd Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208.

615-327-6315. 615-327-5838 (fax).

The Drew-Meharry-Morehouse Consortium Cancer

Center evolved from a larger commitment on the part of

the presidents of three private, historically black medical schools to conduct research focusing on health problems among blacks. The three schools involved are:

Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science in

Los Angeles, California; Meharry Medical College in

Nashville, Tennessee; and Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. The mission of the Center is to

plan and conduct prevention research programs directed

at reducing cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality

in blacks, and to increase the number of minority patients entered into state-of-the-art treatment programs

(clinical trials). Research projects are organized into proA resource directory that includes information on audiovisual cancer education materials for African Americans is currently being developed.

Circle of Friends: Women Telling Women About

Breast and Cervical Cancer

National Caucus and Center on Black Aged, Inc.,

1424 K Street, NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC

20005. 202-637-8400. 202-347-0895 (fax).

In March 1994, the National Caucus and Center on

Black Aged, Inc. (NCBA) received a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to learn

more about barriers that prevent low-income, mature

African American women from participating in breast

and cervical cancer screening, and to implement a breast

and cervical cancer education and early detection program for these women. Pilot activities include: recruiting volunteers to conduct outreach, training volunteers

to conduct focus groups in public and assisted housing

facilities, hosting educational programs on breast and

cervical cancer in public and assisted housing facilities,

and developing resource kits. The project educates women

about their role in early detection and encourages active

responsibility for their health.

Colorado Women’s Cancer Control Initiative

Cancer Control Program, 4300 Cherry Creek Drive

South, Denver, CO 80246-1530. 303-692-2524.

This program promotes adherence to routine breast and

cervical cancer screening exams. This initiative supports

the following activities, especially to benefit African

American and Hispanic women: public education and

outreach; professional education and support of health

care providers to refer clients; quality assurance of screenings; elimination of financial barriers; tracking and follow-up activities; and evaluation and surveillance to

monitor prevalence of morbidity and mortality of breast

and cervical cancer. In cooperation with five community

coalitions made up of African American and Hispanic

women, this initiative developed “Do It for Life,” a series of educational presentations about breast and cervical cancer.

Compañeras En Acción: Promoting Breast Cancer

Screening Among Hispanic Women

Center for Behavioral Community Health Studies, San

Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite

220, San Diego, CA 92123. Nadia Campbell, MPH,

Project Manager. 619-594-3796.

In this 3 year project, a multi-level intervention package

will be implemented. The intervention components include: culturally sensitive messages about breast cancer
Breast Cancer and Minorities 12 OMH-RC

gram areas of Breast Cancer, Epidemiology/Etiology,

Translational Research, and Clinical Trials, and a developmental area of Behavioral Science and Nutrition.

Health Education Council (HEC)

1721 Second Street, Suite 101, Sacramento, CA

95814. 916-556-3344. 916-446-0427 (fax).

The Health Education Council (HEC), formerly known

as the Hypertension Council, has developed and implemented community education programs on cardiovascular disease, tobacco use prevention and reduction,

AIDS, breast cancer awareness and nutrition for a number of populations at risk. These populations include

specific ethnic minority groups (Latino, African American and Southeast Asian), the medically underserved,

multi-ethnic youth, and other difficult-to-reach populations. The Council focuses on establishing strong, ongoing indigenous resources through education, training, policy development, technical assistance, and coalition building. Services have included bilingual presentations, training, and materials development. HEC administers a regional Breast Cancer Early Detection Program (BCEDP) for low-income women. The program is

a partnership model that delivers breast cancer education, outreach, detection, and screening services. BCEPD

also provides treatment resources.

Howard University Cancer Research Center

2041 Georgia Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20060.

202-806-7697. 202-667-1686 (fax).

The Howard University Cancer Center is the only specialized cancer research and treatment facility in a historically Black academic institution. The Center is a cooperative enterprise of the schools and colleges within

the Howard University Medical Center. The Cancer

Center promotes interdisciplinary research on prevention and on the treatment of cancer—especially those

cancer sites for which Blacks have a significantly high

incidence and mortality rate. Research interests of members of the Cancer Center encompass all areas of cancer

research including cancer biology, epidemiology, genetic

factors in cancer initiation and progression, environmental and occupational risk factors for cancer, behavioral

medicine and dietary factors in the cause of cancer. Resources of the Center include health education services

and health information resources derived from the cancer prevention science base. The Center conducts seminars/symposia designed to keep the community and

health professionals updated on cancer prevention measures. Publications, films, and other resources are available to schools, churches, and workplaces.

Kettering Breast Evaluation Center

580 Lincoln Park Boulevard, Suite 200, Kettering,

OH 45429. 937-299-0099.

The Kettering Breast Evaluation Center offers screening

for mammograms by appointment to minority women

45 years and older who have never had a mammogram.

Educational sessions on breast cancer, mammography,

breast self-examination, and diet/lifestyle as related to

breast cancer are also presented to the public. The project

targets economically disadvantaged minorities. The

Kettering Evaluation Center provides a report on minority health, statistics on the minority women who participated in the mammography screening program, news

releases, and a brochure on breast cancer.

Latino Community Health Coalition

La Maestra Family Clinic, Inc., 4167 Fairmont

Avenue, San Diego, CA 92105. 619-584-1612.

This project has developed a coalition to motivate lowincome Hispanic women to participate in breast and

cervical cancer screening activities. The project employs

various strategies, such as setting up rooms in Sunday

schools to screen women for breast cancer. This project

received funding from the Office of Minority Health

under the Hispanic/Latino Community Health Coalition Development Grant Program in fiscal year 1994.

Looking Good Inside and Out,

A Community Breast Cancer Education Project

MCV/VCU, Dept of Family Practice, West Hospital,

1200 East Broad Street, P.O. Box 980251, Richmond,

VA 23298-0251. 804-828-6056.

The Looking Good Inside and Out Project is an innovative and culturally appropriate project for the health

education of African American women in Richmond.

This program addresses early breast cancer detection

needs/concerns and supplies educational programs and

a limited number of free mammograms and clinical breast

examinations. The women are accessed through hair salons in African American neighborhoods. The short term

goals of the project are: to increase breast cancer screening awareness; to increase the use of breast cancer screening activities: breast self examinations, clinical breast

examinations, and screening mammograms; to increase

awareness about health care facilities available to uninsured and underinsured persons; to improve attitudes

about early detection of breast cancer and the value of

early treatment; to provide a method to sustain the educational program within the community; to decrease the

fear associated with breast cancer diagnosis; and to establish a Lay Health Worker program that will be sustained by companies that target this population.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 13 OMH-RC

New Attitude Project

The Doctor’s Building, 744 McCallie Avenue, Suite

515, Chattanooga, TN 37403. 423-267-7773.

The East Tennessee Area Health Education Center, Inc

is one of 10 organizations receiving grants to develop

community-based breast cancer education and outreach

projects. This project will take advantage of the abilities

of lay health workers. They will be working with minority women in their own Chattanooga neighborhoods, in

an effort to develop a “new attitude” towards obtaining

mammograms. Women who make and keep screening

appointments will receive reduced rate screenings. In

addition to encouraging more women to have

mammograms, a major goal of the community health

project is to change the overall perception among black

women that breast cancer is a “white women’s disease”.

Breast cancer survivors working through Y-ME will also

be involved in the recruitment of minority women for

breast cancer screening. A health exposition, outreach

sessions and the recruitment of more neighborhood minority women as outreach workers will be part of the

project.

New York State Breast Cancer Detection and

Counseling Program

19 Bradhurst Avenue, Hawthorne, NY 10532.

914-593-5094.

The mission of the NYS Breast Health Program is to

reduce breast cancer mortality through increasing early

detection and treatment. Some of the objectives of the

Program are: to establish a personal services site for information, examination, and teaching breast self-examination in each of four Westchester communities; to provide free services to low income women (especially Black

and Latino) at these sites and refer them to low cost

mammography services; to establish agreements with a

provider of radiology services in each of the four communities to charge no more than the client can pay; and

to launch community outreach, publicity, and information/education activities for the purpose of client recruitment.

Pathways to Health: A Breast Cancer Prevention

and Education Project for American Indian Women

1918 University Ave, Suite 2A, Berkeley, CA

94704-1051. 510-843-8661. 510-843-8611(fax) .

The goal of Pathways to Health is to develop and implement a culturally sensitive educational program aimed

at reducing breast cancer mortality and morbidity among

American Indian women in California. The project is

designed to increase women’s breast cancer prevention,

early detection, treatment knowledge levels, and to provide cultural education for health professionals.

SHARE: Self-Help for Women with Breast or

Ovarian Cancer

1501 Broadway, Suite 1720, New York, NY 10036.

212-719-0364. 212-869-3431 (fax).

English hotline: 212-382-2111.

Spanish hotline: 212-719-4454.

Ovarian Cancer hotline: 212-719-1204.

SHARE: Self Help for Women with Breast or Ovarian

Cancer, founded in 1976, provides self-help support services free of charge at the time of diagnosis, during treatment, and for the weeks, months, and years of posttreatment for women with breast or ovarian cancer and

their families and friends. The purpose of SHARE is to

help women cope with ovarian and breast cancer and to

help women make informed medical decisions. SHAREA-WALK is the program's annual special event.

Southeast Asian Health Program

Family Health and Social Service Center, 26 Queen

Street, Worcester, MA 01610. 508-860-7700.

Southeast Asian Health Program is a community-based

health promotion and disease prevention program for

the Southeast Asians in Worcester, Massachusetts. The

goals of the program are to educate the community on

the importance of preventive care and early detection,

particularly on the topics of tuberculosis, hepatitis B,

smoking-related illnesses, breast cancer and cervical cancer. The program also assists people with finding health

care and referrals for early detection screening. The program provides community outreach to churches, temples,

English as a second language (ESL) classes, community

events, and informal health group sessions. This program received funding from the Office of Minority

Health under the Minority Community Health Coalition Grant Program fiscal year 1992.

The Witness ProjectTM

4301 West Markham, Slot 629-A, Little Rock, AR

72205. Deborah Erwin, PhD, Co-Director,

1-800-767-3824. 501-686-8801.

The Witness ProjectTM is a program to increase the number of African American women who survive cancer because of early detection. African American women who

are breast or cervical cancer survivors, speak about the

importance of early detection. They are survivors because they took care of themselves. They speak from the

heart about their personal experiences and beliefs that

brought them through this battle for life. Programs are

held in local churches and community centers at times

convenient for the audience.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 14 OMH-RC

Women’s Health Connections/Access to Breast Care

2335 Main Street, Springfield, MA 01107.

413-734-7381. 413-734-8293 (fax).

The Women’s Health Connections/Access to Breast Care

is a collaboration between the Spanish American Union,

Inc., and Baystate Medical Center for providing health

education to African American, Amerasian-Vietnamese,

European American, Latina, and Russian women living

in Springfield, Massachusetts. Through culture and language-specific community health education, participants

learn the facts about breast cancer and the importance

of early detection. They also attend community gatherings and breast cancer screenings, host community workshops and breast cancer screenings at their church or

civic organizations, and establish and provide ongoing

support. Medical services for uninsured women comprise clinical exams by a nurse practitioner, health screenings for breast exams and mammograms for women 40

years of age and older, and Breast Health Center consultation services for women with breast problems.

Women’s Health Outreach Program (WHO) of the

Onondaga County Health Department

421 Montgomery Street, 9th flr. Syracuse, NY 13202.

315-435-3653.

The Women’s Health Outreach Program (WHO) provides physical examinations (including pelvic and Pap

smear) and mammography referral to women over 40

years of age who are not connected with routine medical

care. Chronic disease screening is offered for breast and

cervical cancers, hypertension, anemia and diabetes.

Community health education is provided to groups interested in learning more about women’s health or the

WHO Program. The WHO Program is part of the New

York State Department of Breast and Cervical Cancer

Screening Program. The WHO Program offers brochures

on breast self-examination and mammography in Spanish and English.

Product Information

Resource Persons Network

OMH-RC can put you in touch with members of the Resource Persons Network who specialize in cancer and can

serve on committees, speak at workshops, and provide technical assistance. Call 1-800-444-6472 for additional

information.

Coloplast Corporation/Amoena Corporation

1955 West Oak Circle, Marietta, GA 30062

1-800-741-0078.

This company manufactures breast prosthetics and

bras for women of color.

Imani - Breast Cancer Services

Post Office Box 996, Kernersville, NC 27285-0996,

910-992-3031, 910-992-3033 (fax).

This company markets post mastectomy products for

women of color.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 15 OMH-RC OMH

American Indian Women’s Breast Cancer Guide

(Directory) (1995) Berkeley, CA: 89 pages. Copies

of this publication are available from the Center for

American Indian Research and Education, 1918

University Ave, Suite 2A, Berkeley, CA

94704-1051. 510-843-8661. 510-843-8611 (fax).

This guide is designed to reach all women so they can

actively participate in their medical care and become

knowledgeable about all risk factors related to breast

cancer. Included is information about breast cancer risk

and treatment, patient-physician relationship, patient

rights, Indian Health Service, and breast cancer information resources.

American Indian Women’s Breast Cancer Resource

Directory (1995) Berkeley, CA: Copies of this

publication are available from the Center for

American Indian Research and Education, 1918

University Ave, Suite 2A, Berkeley, CA

94704-1051. 510-843-8661. 510-843-8611(fax).

This directory provides information on resources for

American Indian women affected by breast cancer. It

lists California Indian Health Clinics, Northern, Central and Southern California resources, a glossary of terms,

product manufacturers, national and state organizations,

and support group and programs. Each entry includes

the resource name, address, contact, and a description

of the activities and services.

The Art of Wellness. (Videotape) Running Time: 12

minutes. For more information contact Indian

Health Service Headquarters West, Cancer

Prevention and Control Program. 5300 Homestead

Road, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110.

505-248-4102.

The Art of Wellness is a project targeting hard-to-reach

Native American Women as recipients of health promotion messages through participation in a traditional art

activity. The art of pottery making plays a significant

role in the culture of Native Americans in the Southwest; for this reason pottery was selected as the art medium. Women over age 50 were invited to local community centers and chapter houses to discuss a variety

of health topics, including breast and cervical cancer

screening, and to build a group pot as a symbol of

wellness. The women also painted cups as a personal

reminder of the health messages they received. This

video targets a specific population: Navajo and Pueblo

Indian women. However, it is relevant to other Native

American groups and anyone interested in communication through a traditional art process.

Being There! (Pamphlet) (1991). Minneapolis, MN:

African American Breast Cancer Alliance (AABCA).

Copies of this brochure can be obtained free of

charge by contacting The American Cancer Society

Eastern Area Office, 2265 Como Avenue, Suite 10,

St. Paul, MN 55108. 612-644-1224.

This brochure provides a realistic message of self advocacy and hope for African American women with breast

cancer. It is designed to provide a catalyst that will help

energize Black women to stay informed about breast

cancer and to take charge of their health and their lives.

Included is information about the importance of early

detection through regular physicals, clinical breast exams, monthly breast self exams, and routine

mammograms.

The Black Women’s Health Book: Speaking for

Ourselves (1994). White, E. C., Ed. Seattle, WA:

Seal Press, 301 pages. Copies available from Seal

Press, 3131 Western Avenue, Suite 410, Seattle,

WA 98121. 206-283-7844. $16.95 per copy.

This book looks directly at the health issues that confront Black women today and offers words of advice,

comfort, inspiration, and strength. Included in this book

are experiences with cancer, domestic violence, teenage

pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes, and AIDS.

Selected Resources

This section lists bibliographies, pamphlets, books, and other resources on breast cancer. You are encouraged to

contact the originating organizations directly (pricing may be subject to change). Most of these resources are in the

OMH-RC library and are available as reference materials for visitors to the Center. Materials are not loaned and

copyright law prohibits the Resource Center from duplicating these resources.

Program Materials
Breast Cancer and Minorities 16 OMH-RC

Breast Cancer/ Black Woman (1993). Johnson, E.T.

Montgomery, AL: Van Slyke and Bray, 163 pages.

Copies of this publication are available from Van

Slyke and Bray, 4152C Carmichael Road,

Montgomery, AL 36106. 334-272-4445. $19.75

plus $4.00 shipping and handling.

This publication was written to: cut through the maze

of misinformation and make the reader aware that breast

cancer can be cured; emphasize that every woman should

play a vital, integral part in detecting breast cancer; encourage black women to evaluate the options now available in the care of breast cancer, and participate in treatment decisions. Chapter 1 presents a fictional discussion based on a composite of factual interviews with real

breast cancer patients. Chapter 2 includes past group

presentations, designed to emphasize the anatomical basis

for breast cancer. In Chapters 3-8 aspects of breast cancer are examined through various approaches.

Breast Cancer Facts and Figures 1996 (Report).

Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 1995, 12p.

Available from the American Cancer Society, Inc.,

1599 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251.

For further information please call The American

Cancer Society at 1-800-227-2345.

This publication presents data on breast cancer including estimated cases, death rates, incidence trends, and

survival rates. Charts and tables are used throughout

this publication. It also outlines signs and symptoms,

treatment, prevention and current research. Included is

a listing of Charter Divisions of the American Cancer

Society, Inc. Includes references.

Breast Cancer Screening: A Healthy Habit for Life

(Pamphlet). Anchorage, AK: ACS/Alaska Division,

1995, 6 pages. Copies of this publication are

available from the American Cancer Society/Alaska

Division, Inc, 1057 West Firewood Lane,

Anchorage, Alaska 99503. 907-277-8696. $.50

per copy.

This brochure discusses breast self-exams, clinical breast

exams, mammography, early signs of breast cancer, risk

factors for breast cancer, and follow-up for an abnormal

breast exam or mammogram. The brochure is illustrated

by Alaska artist Barbara Lavallee and is written at a sixth

grade literacy level.

Body & Soul: The Black Women’s Guide to Physical

Health and Emotional Well-Being (1994).

Villarosa, L, Ed. New York, NY: Harper Perennial,

587 pages. Copies of this publication are available

from HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street,

New York, NY 10022. 1-800-242-7737. 212-207-

7000. $20 per copy.

This publication is the first and only self-help book specifically written to address Black women’s health concerns. It draws on the expertise of Black female scientists, academics, health care practitioners, and writers,

and features the first-person stories of more than sixty

women from across the country along with more than

100 illustrations and photographs. This publication is

organized into six sections and includes information on:

body weight and eating disorders, environmental concerns that affect black communities, understanding and

prevention of HIV disease, skin, hair, eyes and teeth,

exercise and diet, including a look at traditional Soul

food, prevalent diseases, including asthma, diabetes, lupus, sarcoidosis, sickle cell, self-esteem, menstruation,

birth control, abortion, pregnancy, talking to children

about sex, stress, anxiety, depression and the effects of

violence, sexual and mental abuse with sexual harassment. The guide goes beyond medical issues to explore

such social and emotional concerns as: the struggles and

rewards of relationships with Black men, the role of spirituality in health, and raising children today.

Breast Cancer: A Common Risk (Videotape) (1994).

Dallas, TX: Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer

Foundation, Running Time: 13 minutes. Copies of

this videotape are available from The Susan G.

Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, 5005 LBJ

Freeway, Suite 370, Dallas, TX 73244. 1-800-462-

9273. $10.00 per copy.

This video includes a series of vignettes highlighting issues related to breast cancer risk, breast health, fear and

misconceptions, accessing medical services, the family’s

role in medical care and breast cancer treatment.

Breast Cancer and Women of Color Perspectives

(1996). These are available, while supplies last,

from the National Women's Health Network, 514

Tenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20004. 202-

347-1140. NHWN Clearinghouse 202-628-7814.

Series of four fact sheets describing how breast cancer

affects African American, Native American, Latina, and

Asian American women. Illustrates how incidence rates,

treatment experiences and action agendas differ for those

communities. This project is supported by a grant from

The Breast Cancer Fund.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 17 OMH-RC

Breast Cancer Screening Programs Make Good

Business Sense (Fact Sheet) (1994). Bethesda, MD:

NCI, 4 pages. Copies of this publication are

available from The Cancer Information Service,

National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-

0001. 1-800-4-CANCER.

This fact sheet contains information for implementing

worksite breast cancer screening programs. It provides

facts on the economic impact of breast cancer and the

costs and benefits of having an early detection program

for the growing numbers of women in the workplace.

Breast Self-Exam Shower Hanger (1990). Campbell,

CA: EPA, 2 pages. Copies of this publication are

available from EPA Associates, 1 West Campbell

Avenue, Suite 40, Campbell, CA 95008-1039.

408-374-3720. 1-350, $.50 each. Order #PB2246

(English/Spanish).

This vinyl shower care has easy-to-understand illustrations for conducting a breast self-exam while in the

shower. One side is English, the other side is Spanish.

Breast Self-Exam Wallet Card (1990). Campbell, CA:

EPA, 2 pages. Copies of this publication are

available from EPA Associates, 1 West Campbell

Avenue, Suite 40, Campbell, CA 95008-1039.

408-374-3720. $6.50 per pad, 100 cards. Order

#PB2247 (English), #PB2248 (Spanish).

These wallets cards provide information and illustrations

for breast self-exam.

Cáncer del Seno, Parte I y II (Breast Cancer Parts I

and II). (Videotape) Available from Universal

Health Communications, 1200 South Federal

Highway, Suite 202, Brighton Beach, FL 33435.

800-229-1842. Part I, 24 minutes VHS or UMatic video, $69; Part II, 19 minutes VHS or UMatic video, $69. Available in Spanish.

In Part I, Drs. Adan Rios and Gabriel Hortobagyi explain how to do a breast self-exam and discuss prevention and early diagnosis. In Part II, the doctors explain

the different treatments available for breast cancer and

the various possibilities of reconstructive surgery. Part

of the Salud Familiar (Family Health) series.

Cancer Education Resources for American Indians and

Alaska Natives (1994). Burhansstipanov, L., &

Barry, K. C. Bethesda, MD: NCI, 73 pages. Copies

of this publication are available from The Cancer

Information Service, National Cancer Institute,

Bethesda, MD 20892-0001. 1-800-4-CANCER.

This directory assists in the implementation of cancer

prevention and control programs among American Indian and Alaska Native communities. It lists culturally

appropriate educational materials that inform of the growing cancer problem and of the need for cancer screening

and early detection programs.

Cancer Facts and Figures for Minority Americans

1991 (1991). American Cancer Society. Atlanta,

GA: ACS, 23 pages. Free copies of this publication

are available from the American Cancer Society,

Inc., 1599 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-

4251. 1-800-227-2345.

This booklet offers information about the cancer problem in the Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and

Native American populations. In its first section, the

booklet briefly provides the reader with basic information in the general population such as etiology, treatment, incidence, survival trends, and prevention measures. The second section provides statistical information on minority populations such as incidence; mortality; survival; race, ethnic, and sex variables; differences

by primary sites; Black and Hispanic population’s

perceptions and knowledge about cancer; and trends in

survival by site of cancer. A variety of charts and tables is

used throughout this section to provide a better understanding of the information offered. The last section in

this book deals with cancer and the environment. A listing of comprehensive cancer centers and chartered divisions of the American Society is included in this publication.

Celebrating Life: African American Women Speak

Out About Breast Cancer (1995). Dunnavant, S.

Dallas, TX. USFI Publishing. Copies of this

publication are available from USFI Publishing,

3001 LBJ Freeway, Suite 131, Dallas, TX 75234.

1-800-422-2898.

This publication offers lessons in courage and initiative.

It encourages women to be pro-active, and presents the

experiences of real women (and one man) from varying

walks of life. These stories speak of denial, depression,

anger, and pain. They also speak of God, prayer, trust,

and celebrating life.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 18 OMH-RC

Developing Intervention Strategies for Breast Cancer

Screening: A Self Study Guide for Program

Planners (1994). Denver, CO: AMC Cancer

Research Center, 57 pages. Information about this

publication may be obtained from the AMC Cancer

Research Center, 1600 Pierce St., Denver, CO

80214. 303-233-6501.

This publication was developed to provide health professionals with the opportunity to enhance their knowledge and skills in developing community-based strategies for reaching women with breast and cervical cancer.

The guide is divided into five sections: Establishing Yourself and the Program Within the Community, Learning

About The Community, Strategies for Program Planning, Adopting, Adapting or Developing Materials, and

Evaluating The Program. Resources are included at the

end of each section.

Documentation of the Cancer Research Needs of

American Indians and Alaska Natives (1993).

Bethesda, MD: NCI, 175 pages. For more

information, please call the Public Inquiries Section

at the National Cancer Institute 1-800-422-6237.

This publication is a detailed overview of the National

Cancer Institute-supported Native American projects.

It is divided into twelve chapters: Introduction and Background to American Indians and Alaska Natives; Limitations of Existing Cancer Data Among American Indians and Alaska Natives; Cancer Incidence, Mortality,

and Survival; Regional Variations in Cancer Data Among

Indigenous People; Brief Review of Cancer Risk Factors

and Tobacco; Nutrition’s Role in Cancer Prevention and

Control; Dietary Recommendations for Health and Consumption Practices; Year 2000 Health Objectives, Cooperative Agreements; Cancer Prevention and Control

Projects; Additional Native American Projects, and Research Recommendations. Four maps are provided to

familiarize the reader with national reservations, Alaska

Native Health Corporations, IHS Administrative Area

Offices, and Selected Tribes. Twenty-eight graphs give

specific information on different types of cancer. Fortyseven tables provide information on Village Statistics,

Cancer Incidence, Survival and Mortality Rates, and

diet-related topics. Eight Appendices elaborate on Urban Indian Health Programs and Cancer Deaths, Cancer Female, Male, Incidence, Survival, and Mortality Rates.

Chances Are...You Need A Mammogram: A Guide for

Midlife and Older Women (Problamente...Usted

Necesita Hacerse Un Mamograma: Guía Para

Mujeres de Mediana Edad y Mayores) (1995).

Washington, DC: AARP, 12 pages. Copies are

available from AARP Fulfillment, 601 E Street,

NW, Washington, DC 20049. Stock #English

D14502, Spanish D14985. 202-434-2277.

This booklet gives basic information for older women,

focusing on the barriers they face in obtaining a mammogram.

Community Health Advisors: Models, Research and

Practice, Selected Annotations-United States

Volume I (1994). Atlanta, GA: CDC, 1994, 187

pages. Copies of this publication are available from

the Division of Chronic Disease Control and

Community Intervention, NCCDPHP, CDC, 4770

Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop K-56, Atlanta, GA

30341-3724. 770-488-5440.

This publication contains bibliographic abstracts of journal articles, reports, literature, and resource materials

from the 1960s through the present. These entries were

selected to provide information to community health

advisors with models, research, and practice information on subjects such as breast and cervical cancer, heart

disease, hypertension, nutrition, physical activity, pregnancy and prenatal care, and smoking prevention.

Community Health Advisors: Programs in the United

States, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

(1994). Atlanta, GA: CDC, 1994, 281 pages.

Copies of this publication are available from the

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and

Health Promotion, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,

NE, Mailstop K-13, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724.

770-488-5440

This publication contains bibliographic abstracts of program descriptions from the 1960s through 1994. The

entries were selected to provide information to community health advisors on health promotion and disease

prevention programs covering such subjects as breast and

cervical cancer, heart disease, hypertension, nutrition,

physical activity, pregnancy and prenatal care, and smoking prevention.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 19 OMH-RC

El Auto Examen Del Seno: Un Hábito Saludable

(Breast Self-Exam: A Healthy Habit) (Videotape)

(1994). Dallas, TX: Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer

Foundation, Running Time: 13 minutes. Copies of

this videotape are available from The Susan G.

Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, 5005 LBJ

Freeway, Suite 370, Dallas, TX 75244.

1-800-462-9273. $10.00 per copy, plus shipping.

This video addresses some common myths, beliefs and

behaviors that create barriers to performing breast selfexamination. The technique of breast self-examination

is also demonstrated.

Get the Facts (Factsheet) Dallas, TX. Susan G.

Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, Occidental

Tower, 5005 LBJ Freeway, Suite 370, Dallas, TX

75244. To order call 972-855-1635. Fact sheets

are $5 plus shipping & handling for 50 copies/box.

These two-color factsheets address pertinent topics related to breast health, special populations, and breast

cancer. There are factsheets for African American, Asian

American, Hispanic (English), and American Indian

women, as well as factsheets on breast health issues.

If I Can Help Somebody: Witnessing To Save Lives

(Videotape) Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas

for Medical Sciences, 1995. Copies of this video are

available from the University of Arkansas for

Medical Sciences, Arkansas Cancer Research Center,

Slot 623, 4301 W. Markham St, Little Rock, AR

72205-9985. 800-767-3824. $20.00 per copy.

The Witness Project is a program to increase the number of African American women who survive cancer because of early detection. African American women, who

are breast or cervical cancer survivors, speak about the

importance of early detection. They are survivors because they took care of themselves. They speak from the

heart about their personal experiences and beliefs that

brought them through this battle for life. This video

was developed as a training tool for ongoing breast and

cervical cancer screening and education programs or for

African American support groups.

Mammography Matters (Newsletter). Mammography

Matters, FDA/CDRH (HFZ-240), 1350 Piccard

Drive, Rockville, MD 20850. 301-594-3306 (fax).

This quarterly newsletter of the Division of Mammography Quality and Radiation Programs (DMQRP), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Food

and Drug Administration. Its purpose is to help mammography facilities comply with the requirements of the

Breast Cancer and Minorities 19 OMH-RC

Mammography Quality Standards Act of 1992. It is

distributed to mammography facilities and other interested organizations and individuals.

A Mammogram Saved My Life (Pamphlet). (1994).

Campbell, CA: EPA, 6 pages. Copies of this

publication are available from EPA Associates, 1

West Campbell Avenue, Suite 40, Campbell, CA

95008-1039. 408-374-3720. 1-500, $.40 each.

Order #PB2596 (English), Order #PB2597

(Spanish).

This four-panel pamphlet discusses breast care and the

importance of mammograms, especially for women over

50.

National Plan of Action on Asian American Women

and Breast Cancer (Report). National Asian

Women’s Health Organization 250 Montgomery

St, Suite 410 San Francisco, CA 94104.

415-989-9747 Free with $1.24 self-addressed

stamped envelope.

This publication in the fight against breast cancer offers

a number of critical recommendations for increasing the

participation of Asian American women in research, outreach and education programs, and in advocacy efforts.

These recommendations come from a joint effort between government agencies, the private sector, health

care providers, community-based organizations, and advocacy groups, who attended the first National Asian

American Breast Cancer Summit in 1996.

No lo Deje Para Mañana. ¡Hágase un Mamograma

Hoy! (Don't Leave It for Tomorrow. Have a

Mammogram Today!) (Magnet). Copies of this

publication are available from The Cancer

Information Service, National Cancer Institute,

Bethesda, MD 20892-0001. 1-800-4-CANCER.

Order #z400.

These magnets may be given to Hispanic women for

placement on a refrigerator as a reminder to get regular

mammograms.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 20 OMH-RC

Preguntas Para Hacerle a su Médico Sobre el Cáncer

del Seno (Questions To Ask Your Doctor About

Breast Cancer). Copies of this publication are

available from The Cancer Information Service,

National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-

0001. 1-800-4-CANCER. Order #p417.

This 23 page booklet contains lists of questions that

will help a patient ask her doctor about breast cancer.

Breast cancer topics covered are early detection, diagnosis, treatment, adjuvant therapy, and reconstruction.

Racial/Ethnic Patterns of Cancer in the United States

1988-1992 (Report). Miller, B. A., Kolonel, L. N.,

Bernstein, L., Young, Jr, J. L., Swanson, G. M.,

West, D., Key, C. R., Liff, J. M., Glover, C. S., &

Alexander, G. A. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer

Institute, 1996, 129 pages. Copies of this

publication are available from The Cancer

Information Service, National Cancer Institute,

Bethesda, MD 20892-0001. 1-800-4-CANCER.

Pub. No. 96-4104

This landmark report presents the most extensive information yet available on racial and ethnic differences in

cancer experience. It provides a concise description of

the occurrence of the major cancers among several different racial/ethnic groups in the United States.

Age-adjusted incidence rates are shown graphically by

age group and sex for Alaska Native, American Indian

(New Mexico), Black, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Hispanic, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, white, white Hispanic, and white non-Hispanic populations. The cancers included in this report are organized alphabetically.

They are followed by a selection on cancer control efforts in special population groups and an appendix. The

appendix contains tables showing the number of newly

diagnosed cancers, by racial/ethnic group, in specific

regions of the United States during 1988-1992.

Spread the Word about Mammography (Bookmark)

Copies of this publication are available from The

Cancer Information Service, National Cancer

Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-0001. 1-800-4-

CANCER. Order: #z883, red; #z884, blue;

#z885, gold.

These 2" x 5" bookmarks are useful reminders for Black

American women to get regular mammograms every 1

to 2 years.

Spread the Word about Mammography (Poster).

Copies of this publication are available from The

Cancer Information Service, National Cancer

Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-0001. 1-800-4-

CANCER. Order: set of 50, #g365; single copy,

#g366.

This poster set encourages mammography for Black

American women. It should be used by organizations

only and is not intended for distribution to the public.

Things To Know About Quality Mammograms

(Pamphlet) (1995). Silver Spring, MD: AHCPR, 9

pages. Copies are available from the Agency for

Health Care Policy and Research Publications

Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 8547, Silver Spring, MD

20907. 800-358-9295. Pub #95-0634 (English),

#95-0636 (Vietnamese), #95-0637 (Tagalog),

#95-0638 (Korean), #95-0639 (Chinese),

#95-0635 (Spanish), #95-G001 (Laotian).

This brochure outlines seven steps to health, such as

getting regular exams and choosing a quality facility,

knowing when to schedule an appointment, what to

expect during your appointment, and how to follow-up

on results. For those new to mammography, it provides

a brief explanation of what a mammogram is and the

kinds of exams that exist, as well as a toll-free number to

locate a certified mammography facility.

To My Sisters...A Gift for Life (Videotape) (1996).

Running Time: 58 minutes. To order, contact

BioTechnical Communications, Inc., 2058 North

Mills Ave., Suite 214, Claremont, CA 91711, 909-

920-3485. $34.95 per copy, plus $5 for shipping

and handling.

This video program was made possible by a grant from

the National Cancer Institute. The program discusses

the impact of breast cancer on African American women,

as well as the importance of early detection.

Women and Cancer (Report) Atlanta, GA: American

Cancer Society, Inc., 1995, 36 p. Available from the

American Cancer Society, Inc., 1599 Clifton Road,

NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251. For further

information please call The American Cancer

Society at 1-800-227-2345.

This booklet provides information to persons concerned

with cancer in women and for those interested in planning health promotions relating to cancer control and

women. It describes the female population of the US,

its role in health and health care, and the cancers most

likely to affect women.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 21 OMH-RC

Banner, R. O., DeCambra, H., Enos, R., Gotay, C.,

Hammond, O. W., Hedlung, N., Issell, B. F.,

Matsunaga, D. S., & Tsark, J. A. (1995) A breast

and cervical cancer project in a native Hawaiian community: Wai’anae cancer research project. Preventive

Medicine, 24(5), 447-453.

Burhansstipanov, L. (1993). National Cancer Institute’s

Native American cancer research projects. Alaska

Medicine, 35(4), 248-254.

Castro, F. G., Elder, J., Coe, K., Tafoya-Barraza, H. M.,

Moratto, S., Campbell, N., & Talavera, G. (1995)

Mobilizing churches for health promotion in Latino

communities: Companeros en la Salud. Journal of

the National Cancer Institute Monographs, (18), 127-

135. OMH-RC accession number: 02751.

Eng, E. (1993). The Save Our Sisters Project: a social

network strategy for reaching rural Black women.

Cancer, 72(3 Suppl), 1071-1077.

Forte, D. A. (1995). Community-based breast cancer

intervention program for older African American

women in beauty salons. Public Health Reports,

110(2), 179-183. OMH-RC accession number:

02116.

Garb, M. (1994). A supporting role against breast cancer: women of color bond. HealthQuest, (5), 12-15.

Hubbell, F. A., Chavez, L. R., Mishra, S. I., Magana,

R., Valdez, R. B. (1995). From ethnography to intervention: developing a breast cancer control program for Latinas. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, (18), 109-115. OMH-RC accession number: 02750.

Kelly, A. W., Fores Chacori, M., Wollan, P. C., Trapp,

M. A., Weaver, A. L., Barrier, P. A., & Franz, W. B.

(1996). A program to increase breast and cervical

cancer screening for Cambodian women in a

midwestern community. Mayo Clinic Proceedings,

(71)5, 437-444.

McAlister, A. L., Fernandez-Esquer, M., Ramirez, A.

G., Trevino, F., Gallion, K. J., Villarreal, R., Pulley,

L., Hu, S., Torres, I., & Zhang, Q. (1995) Community level cancer control in a Texas Barrio: Part IIbaseline and preliminary outcome findings. Journal

of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, (18),

123-126. OMH-RC accession number: 02755.

Journal & Magazine Articles

This bibliography contains citations from the OMH-RC library.

The Resource Center provides copies of only those articles listed as available from the OMH-RC.

If you would like to order a copy of any article available through the Resource Center, please contact us at

800-444-MHRC (800-444-6472). Please request the articles by accession number.

Single copies of articles will be provided to you free-of-charge in accordance with copyright law of the United States

(Title 17, United States Code)

All other material may be obtained from a university library or a commercial document delivery service. Each

company has its own rates and policies.

Print copies of individual articles are available from the following:

Breast Cancer Programs

EBSCOdoc

phone: 415-259-5000

fax: 415-259-5000; e-mail: order@ebscodoc.com

Genuine Article/Institute for Scientific Information

phone: 215-386-0100, ext 1536

fax: 215-386-4343; e-mail: tga@isinet.com

UMI InfoStore

phone: 800-248-0360 ext 282 or 415-433-5500, ext 282

fax 415-433-0100; e-mail: orders@infostore.com

Uncover Company

phone: 800-787-7929 or 303-758-3030, ext 235

fax: 303-758-6946; e-mail: sos@carl.org
Breast Cancer and Minorities 22 OMH-RC

Ramirez, A. G., McAlister, A., Gallion, K. J., Ramirez,

V., Garza, I. R., Stamm, K., de la Torre, J., & Chalela,

P. (1995). Community level cancer control in a Texas

Barrio: Part I-theoretical basis, implementation, and

process evaluation. Journal of the National Cancer

Institute Monographs, (18), 117-122. OMH-RC accession number: 02754.

Rowe, R. (1995). Breast cancer education program targets African American women. American Nurse,

27(5), 30.

Sherrill, M. (1990). Selling a message of life: Zora

Brown’s cancer crusade targets Black women. Washington Post, C1 & C15.

Tosomeen, A. H., Marquez, M. A., Panser, L. A., &

Kottke, T. E. (1996) Developing preventive health

programs for recent immigrants: A case study of cancer screening for Vietnamese women in Olmsted

County, Minnesota. Minnesota Medicine, (79)5, 46-

48.

Breast Self-Examination

Chie, W., Cheng, K., Fu, C., & Yen L. (1993) A Study

on women’s practice of breast self-examination in

Taiwan. Preventive Medicine, 22, 316-324.

Coe, K., Harmon, M. P., Castro, F. G., Campbell, N.,

Mayer, J. A., & Elder, J. P. (1994) Breast self-examination: knowledge and practices of Hispanic women

in two southwestern metropolitan areas. Journal of

Community Health, 19(6), 433-448.

Coates, R. J., Bransfield, D. D., Wesley, M., Hankey,

B., Eley, J. W., Greenberg, R. S., Flanders, D.,

Hunter, C. P., Edwards, B. K., Forman, M., et al.

(1992). Differences between Black and White

women with breast cancer in time from symptom

recognition to medical consultation Black/White

Cancer Survival Study Group. Journal of the National

Cancer Institute, 84(12), June 17, 938-950. OMHRC accession number: 02162.

Davis, F. G., Persky, V. W., Ferre, C. D., Howe, H. L.,

Barrett, R. E., & Haenszel, W. M. (1995). Cancer

incidence of Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in

Cook County, Illinois. Cancer, 75(12), 2939-2945.

Delgado, D. J., Lin, W. Y., Coffey, M. (1995). The role

of Hispanic race/ethnicity and poverty in breast cancer survival. PRHSJ, 14(2), 103-116.

Eidson, M. (1994). Breast cancer among Hispanics,

American Indians and Non-Hispanic Whites in New

Mexico. International Journal of Epidemiology, 23(2),

231-237.

Incidence, Mortality, & Survival

Jacob, T. C., Penn, N. E., Kulik, J. A., Spieth, L. E.

(1992) Effects of cognitive style and maintenance

strategies on breast self-examination (BSE) practice

by African American women. Journal of Behavioral

Medicine, 15(6), 589-609.

Lu, Z. J. (1995). Variables associated with breast selfexamination among Chinese women. Cancer Nursing, 18(1), 29-34.

Ansell, et al. (1993). Race, income, and survival from

breast cancer at two public hospitals. Cancer, 72(10),

2974-2978.

Associated Press. (1995). Breast cancer rates diverge:

Deaths fall for White women, rise for Black. Washington Post, January 17, 9.

Bondy, M. L., Spitz, M. R., Halabi, S., Fueger, J. J., &

Vogel, V. G. (1992). Low incidence of familial breast

cancer among Hispanic women. Cancer Causes and

Control, 3(4), 377-382.

Chen, F., Trapido, E J., Davis, K. (1994). Differences

in stage at presentation of breast and gynecologic

cancers among whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Cancer, 73(11), 2838-2842.

Chen, V. W., Correa, P., Kurman, R. J., Wu, X. C., Eley,

J. W., Austin, D, Muss, H, Hunter, C. P., Redmond,

C., Sobhan, M., et al. (1994). Histological characteristics of breast carcinoma in Blacks and Whites.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 3(2),

127-135.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 23 OMH-RC

Eley, J. W. (1994). Racial differences in survival from

breast cancer: results of the National Cancer Institute Black/White cancer survival study. JAMA,

272(12), 947-954.

Elias, E. G., Suter, C. M., Brown, S. D., Buda, B. S., &

Vachon, D. A. (1994). Survival differences between

black and white women with breast cancer. Journal

of Surgical Oncology, 55(1), 37-41.

Elledge, R. M., Clark, G. M., Chamness, G. C., &

Osborne, C. K. (1994). Tumor biologic factors and

breast cancer prognosis among White, Hispanic, and

Black women in the United States. Journal of the

National Cancer Institute, 86(9), 705-712. OMHRC accession number: 02260.

Frost, F., Taylor, V., & Fries, E. (1992). Racial

misclassification of Native Americans in a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results cancer registry.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 84(12), 957-

962. OMH-RC accession number: 03577.

Hopkins, R. S., & Hensley, K. (1993). Breast cancer in

Florida women. Incidence and stage at diagnosis.

Journal of the Florida Medical Association, 80(7), 468-

471.

Hunter, C. P., Redmond, C. K., Chen, V. W., Austin,

D. F., Greenberg, R. S., Correa, P., Muss, H. B.,

Forman, M. R., Wesley, M. N., Blacklow, R. S., et

al. (1993). Breast cancer: factors associated with stage

at diagnosis in Black and White women. Black/White

Cancer Survival Study Group. Journal of the National

Cancer Institute, 85(14), 1129-1137. OMH-RC accession number: 02217.

Kelsey, J. L., & Horn-Ross, P. L. (1993) Breast cancer:

magnitude of the problem and descriptive epidemiology. Epidemiologic Review, 15(1), 7-16.

Lanier, A. P. (1993). Epidemiology of cancer in Alaska

Natives. Alaska Medicine, 35(4), 245-247.

Lanier, A. P., Kelly, J.J., Smith, B., Harpster, A. P.,

Tanttila, H., Amadon, C., Beckworth,D., Key, C.,

Davidson, A. M. (1996) Alaska Native cancer update: incidence rates 1989-1993. Cancer Epidemiol

Biomarkers Prev 5(9):749-51

LeMarchand, L. (1991) Ethnic variation in breast cancer survival: A review. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 18, S119-S126.

Long, E. (1993). Breast cancer in African-American

women: Review of the literature. Cancer Nursing,

16(1), 1-24.

Lyman, G. H., Kuderer, N. M., Lyman, S. L., Cox, C.

E., Reintgen, D., & Baekey, P., (1997). Importance

of race on breast cancer survival. Annals of Surgical

Oncology, 4(1):80-7

Menendez-Tuckman, A. T., & Raventos-Suarez, C.

(1994). Re: Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black

women in the United States. Journal of the National

Cancer Institute, 86(17), 1352-1353. OMH-RC accession number: 03290.

Modiano, M. R. (1995). Breast and cervical cancer in

Hispanic women. Medical Anthropology Quarterly,

9(1), 75-79.

New York Times Service. (1994). Clue to breast cancer

toll on Blacks is seen. Richmond Times-Dispatch, August 5.

Qualters, J. R., Lee, N. C., Smith, R. A., & Aubert, R.

E. (1992). Breast and cervical cancer surveillance,

United States, 1973-1987. MMWR, 41(SS-2), 1-

15. OMH-RC accession number: 02044.

Randolph, L. B. (1995). Why breast cancer kills more

Black women: alarming statistics spark national

search for answers. Ebony, 50(5), 122-128.

Reynolds, P., Boyd, P. T., Blacklow, R. S., Jackson, J. S.,

Greenberg, R. S., Austin, D. F., Chen, V. W., &

Edwards, B. K. (1994). The relationship between

social ties and survival among Black and White breast

cancer patients. National Cancer Institute Black/

White Cancer Survival Study Group. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 3(3), 253-259.

Roach, M., & Alexander, M. (1995). The Prognostic

significance of race and survival from breast cancer: a

model for assessing the reliability for reported survival differences. Journal of the National Medical Association, 87(3), 214-219.

Shiao, Y. H., Chen, V. W., Scheer, W. D., Wu, X. C., &

Correa, P. (1995). Racial disparity in the association

of p53 gene alterations with breast cancer survival.

Cancer Research, 55(7), 1485-1490.

Sondik, E. J. (1994). Breast cancer trends. Incidence,

mortality, and survival. Cancer, 74(3 Suppl), August

1, 995-999.

Stanford, J. L., Herrinton, L. J., Schwartz, S. M., &

Weiss, N. S. (1995). Breast cancer incidence in Asian

migrants to the United States and their descendants.

Epidemiology, 6(2), 181-183.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 24 OMH-RC

Sugerman, J. R., Dennis, L. K., & White, E. (1994).

Cancer survival among American Indians in western

Washington state (United States) Cancer Causes and

Control, 5, 440-448.

Swanson, G. M., Ragheb, N. E., Lin, C. S., Hankey, B.

F., Miller, B., Horn-Ross, P., White, E., Liff, J. M.,

Harlan, L. C., & McWhorter, W. P., et al. (1993).

Breast cancer among black and white women in the

1980s. Changing patterns in the United States by

race, age, and extent of disease. Cancer, 72(3), 788-

798.

Trapido, E. J., Chen, F., Davis, K., Lewis, N.,

MacKinnon, J. A., & Strait, P M. (1994). Cancer in

south Florida Hispanic women. A 9-year assessment.

Archives of Internal Medicine, 154(10), 1083-1088.

Trapido, E. J., Valdez, R. B., Obeso, J. L., StrickmanStein, N., Rotger, A., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (1995).

Epidemiology of cancer among Hispanics in the

United States. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, (18), 17-28. OMH-RC accession

number: 02740.

Washington, H. A. (1995). Black women and breast

cancer. Heart and Soul, April-May, 62-67.

Knowledge, Attitudes, & Behaviors

Bhakta, P. (1995). Asian women’s attitudes to breast

self-examination. Nursing Times, 91(8), 22-8, 44-7.

Boodman, S. G. (1993). Fear of breast cancer. The Washington Post Health Section, January 5, 8-15.

Bundek, N. I., Marks, G., & Richardson, J. L. (1993).

Role of health locus of control beliefs in cancer screening of elderly Hispanic women. Health Psychology,

12(3), 193-199.

Chavez, L. R., Hubbell, F. A., McMullin, J. M.,

Martinez, R. G., & Mishra, S. I. (1995). Understanding knowledge and attitudes about breast cancer. A cultural analysis. Archives of Family Medicine,

4(2), 145-152.

Douglass, M., Bartolucci, A., Waterbor, J., & Sirles, A.

(1995). Breast cancer early detection: differences

between African American and white women’s health

beliefs and detection practices. Oncology Nursing

Forum, 22(5), 835-837.

Flores, E. T., & Mata, A. G. (1995) Latino male attitudes and behaviors on their spouses’ and partners’

cancer screening behavior: focus group findings. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, (18),

87-93. OMH-RC accession number: 02749.

Hubbell, F.A., Chavez, L.R., Mishra, S.I., Valdez, R.B.

(1996). Differing beliefs about breast cancer among

Latinas and Anglo women. Western Journal of Medicine. (164)5, 405-409.

Lauver, D. (1994). Care-seeking behavior with breast

cancer symptoms in Caucasian- and African-American women. Research in Nursing & Health, 17(6),

421-431.

Lauver, D. (1992). Psychosocial variables, race, and intention to seek care for breast cancer symptoms.

Nursing Research, 41(4), 236-241.

Margolis, K. L., Lurie, N., McGovern, P. G., & Slater,

J. S. (1993). Predictors of failure to attend scheduled mammography appointments at a public teaching hospital. Journal of General Internal Medicine,

8(11), 602-605.

Mathews, H. F., Lannin, D. R., & Mitchell, J. P. (1994).

Coming to terms with advanced breast cancer: Black

women’s narratives from eastern North Carolina.

Social Science Medicine, 38(6), 789-800.

Mickley, J., & Soeken, K. (1993). Religiousness and

hope in Hispanic and Anglo-American women with

breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 20(8), 1171-

1177.

Miller, L. Y., & Hailey, B. J. (1994). Cancer anxiety

and breast cancer screening in African-American

women: a preliminary study. Women’s Health Issues,

4(3), 170-174.

Mo, B. (1992). Modesty, sexuality, and breast health

in Chinese-American women. Western Journal of

Medicine, 157(3), 260-264.
Breast Cancer and Minorities 25 OMH-RC

Suarez, L., Lloyd, L., Weiss, N., Rainbolt, T., & Pulley,

L. (1994). Effect of social networks on cancer-screening behavior of older Mexican-American women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 86(10), 775-779.

OMH-RC accession number: 03157.

Suarez, L. (1994). Pap smear and mammogram screening in Mexican-American women: the effects of acculturation. American Journal of Public Health, 84(5),

742-746.

Tortolero-Luna, G., Glober, G. A., Villarreal, R., Palos,

G., & Linares, A. (1995). Screening practices and

knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about cancer among

Hispanic and non-Hispanic White women 35 years

old or older in Nueces County, Texas. Journal of the

National Cancer Institute Monographs, (18), 49-56.

OMH-RC accession number: 02745.

Vernon, S. W., Vogel, V. G., Halabi, S., Jackson, G. L.,

Lundy, R. O., Peters, G. N. (1992). Breast cancer

screening behaviors and attitudes in three racial/ethnic groups. Cancer, 69(1), 165-174.

Vernon, S. W., Vogel, V. G., Halabi, S., & Bondy, M. L.

(1993). Factors associated with perceived risk of

breast cancer among women attending a screening

program. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 28(2),

137-144.

Risk Factors

Morgan, C., Park, E., & Cortes, D E. (1995). Beliefs,

knowledge, and behavior about cancer among urban Hispanic women. Journal of the National Cancer

Institute Monographs, (18), 57-63. OMH-RC accession number: 02744.

Pham, C. T., McPhee, S. J. (1992) Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of breast and cervical cancer

screening among Vietnamese women. Journal of

Cancer Education, 7(4), 305-310.

Phillips, J. M., & Wilbur, J. (1995). Adherence to breast

cancer screening guidelines among African American women of differing employment status. Cancer

Nursing, 18(4), 258-269.

Powell, D. R. (1994). Social and psychological aspects

of breast cancer in African-American women. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 736, 131-139.

Price, J. H., Desmond, S. M., Slenker, S., Smith, D., &

Stewart, P. W. (1992). Urban Black women’s perceptions of breast cancer and mammography. Journal of Community Health, 17(4), 191-204.

Saint-Germain, M. A., & Longman, A. J. (1993). Breast

cancer screening among older Hispanic women:

knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Health Education Quarterly, 20(4), 539-553.

Stein, J. A., Fox, S. A., Murata, P. J., & Morisky, D. E.

(1992). Mammography usage and the Health Belief Model. Health Education Quarterly, 19(4), 447-

462.

Suarez, L., & Pulley, L. (1995). Comparing acculturation scales and their relationship to cancer screening

among older Mexican American women. Journal of

the National Cancer Institute Monographs, (18), 41-

47. OMH-RC accession number: 02743.

(1993). Helping low income minority women reduce

cancer risk. Oncology, 7(2), 22.

Byers, T. (1996)Nutrition and cancer among American

Indians and Alaska Natives. Cancer, Oct 1:78(7

Suppl):1612-6.

Chavez, L. R., Hubbell, F. A., McMullin, J. M.,

Martinez, R. G., & Mishra, S. I. (1995). Structure

and meaning in models of breast and cervical cancer

risk factors: a comparison of perceptions among

Latinas, Anglo women, and physicians. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 9(1), 40-74.

Jenkins, C., McPhee, S., Bird, J., & Bonilla, N. (1990)

Cancer Risks and Prevention Practices Among Vietnamese Refugees. The Western Journal of Medicine,

July 1990, 153:34-39.

Laing, A. E., Demenais, F. M., Williams, R., Kissling,

G., Chen, V. W., Bonney, G. E. (1993) Breast cancer risk factors in African-American women: the

Howard University Tumor Registry experience. Journal of the National Medical Association, 85(12), 931-

939.
Mayberry, R. M. (1994). Breast cancer risk factors

among Hispanic women. Ethnicity and Disease, 4(1),

41-46.

Mayberry, R. M. (1994). Age-specific patterns of association between breast cancer and risk factors in black

women, ages 20 to 39 and 40 to 54. Annals of Epidemiology, 4(3), 205-213.

Palmer, J. R., Rosenberg, L., Harlap, S., Strom, B. L.,

Warshauer, M. E., Zauber, A. G., & Shapiro, S.

(1995). Adult height and risk of breast cancer among

US black women. American Journal of Epidemiology,

141(9), 845-849.

Perez-Stable, E. J., Marin, G., Marin, B. (1994). Behavioral risk factors: a comparison of Latinos and nonLatino whites in San Francisco American Journal of

Public Health, 84(6), 971-976.

Sandrick, K.M. (1996). Outreach: how race colors

breast cancer. Hospital Health Networks,70(12),68.

Washington, H. (1995). Beyond the hype for the disease of the month. Emerge, 7(3), 20.

Weber, et al. (1993). Family history and breast cancer.

Journal of the American Medical Association, 270(13),

1602-1603.

Wells, B. L., & Horm, J. W. (1992). Stage at diagnosis

in breast cancer: race and socioeconomic factors.

American Journal of Public Health, 82(10), 1383-

1385.

Wu, A. H., Ziegler, R. G., Pike, M. C., Nomura, A. M.

Y., West, D. W., Kolonel, L. N., Horn-Ross, P. L.,

Rosenthal, J. F., & Hoover, R. N. (1996). Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer in Asian Americans. British Journal of Cancer,

(73)5, 680-686.

Wu, A. H., Ziegler, R. G., Horn-Ross, P. L., Nomura,

A. M. Y., West, D. W., Kolonel, L. N., Rosenthal, J.

F.,Hoover, R. N., & Pike, M. C. (1996). Tofu and

risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Cancer Epidemiologic Biomarkers Prevention 5(11):901-6.

Zang, E. A., Barrett, N. O., & Cohen, L. A. (1994).

Differences in nutritional risk factors for breast cancer among New York City white, Hispanic, and Black

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The Internet is an easy way to obtain current information and access available resources on breast cancer. Many of

the addresses below also provide links to additional health and cancer related Internet sources. These links are

meant to be additional sources of information, not a substitute for medical care by a trained professional.

Agency for Health Care Policy & Research

http://www.ahcpr.gov

American Cancer Society

http://www.cancer.org

American College of Radiology

http://www.acr.org

Breast Cancer Information Clearinghouse

http://nysernet.org/breast

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention

http://www.cdc.gov

Food & Drug Administration

http://www.fda.gov

Healthfinder

http://www.healthfinder.gov

MedAccess

http://www.medaccess.com

Internet Resources

MedScape

http://www.medscape.com

National Action Plan on Breast Cancer

http://www.napbc.org

National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations

http://www.natlbcc.org

National Cancer Institute

http://www.nci.nih.gov

National Center for Health Statistics

http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/nchshome

Office of Minority Health Resource Center

http://www.omhrc.gov

Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation

http://www.komen.com

Y-Me National Breast Cancer Organization

http://www.y-me.org