FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

April 20, 2018

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

ALONZO VICTORIO,

Defendant - Appellant.

No. 17-1219

(D.C. Nos. 1:16-CV-01305-MSK and

1:08-CR-00046-MSK-1)

(D. Colo.)

ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE

OF APPEALABILITY

Before MATHESON, KELLY, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges. 

This matter is before the court on Alonzo Victorio’s counseled request for a

certificate of appealability (“COA”). Victorio seeks a COA so he can appeal the

district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B). 

Because Victorio has not “made a substantial showing of the denial of a

constitutional right,” id. § 2253(c)(2), this court denies his request for a COA and

dismisses this appeal.

Victorio pleaded guilty to two counts of armed bank robbery, in violation

of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), (d), and one count of being a prohibited person in

possession of a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g) and 924. Thereafter,

Victorio filed the instant § 2255 motion, asserting an entitlement to relief under
the Supreme Court’s decision in Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015)

(holding that the residual clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act (“ACCA”),

18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g), 924(a)(2), and 924(e)(1), is unconstitutionally vague). The

district court denied Victorio’s § 2255 motion, concluding Victorio’s sentence for

being a prohibited person in possession of a firearm was not imposed under the

terms of the ACCA.

Victorio seeks a COA so he can appeal the district court’s determination

that his sentence was not enhanced by reference to the ACCA. In his request for

a COA, however, Victorio candidly and correctly concedes that even if his

sentence was enhanced by reference to the ACCA, he is still precluded from

obtaining § 2255 relief by this court’s decision in United States v. Harris, 844

F.3d 1260, 1270 (10th Cir. 2017) (holding that “robbery in Colorado is a violent

felony under the ACCA’s elements clause in § 924(e)(2)(B)(i)”). That is,

Victorio admits he has three predicate felonies for Colorado aggravated robbery. 

Although he recognizes the relief he seeks is precluded by the decision in Harris,

he noted in his request for a COA that a petition for a writ of certiorari was

pending before the Supreme Court in Harris. Accordingly, on November 17,

2017, this court abated this matter pending the Supreme Court’s resolution of the

petition for certiorari in Harris.

On April 2, 2018, the Supreme Court denied certiorari in Harris. Harris v.

United States, No. 16-8616, 2018 WL 1568033 (April 2, 2018). Accordingly, we

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lift the abatement previously entered by the court in this case.1

 Furthermore,

given Victorio’s entirely appropriate concession that Harris precludes him from

obtaining relief, this court DENIES his request for a COA and DISMISSES this

appeal. See Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 336 (2003) (holding that the

granting of a COA is a jurisdictional prerequisite to an appeal from the denial of a

§ 2255 motion).

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Michael R. Murphy

Circuit Judge

1

In a status report filed with this court on April 4, 2018, Victorio

recognizes that the Supreme Court denied certiorari in Harris, but asks that we

continue to abate this case pending the decision of the Supreme Court in United

States v. Stokeling, 684 F. App’x 870 (11th Cir. 2017), cert. granted sub nom

Stokeling v. United States, No. 17-5554, 2018 WL 1568030 (April 2, 2018). We

DENY Victorio’s request to abate this case pending a decision in Stokeling, a

decision which might not come until June of 2019. Notably, in Harris, this court

held that to qualify as a violent felony under the ACCA, a substantial degree of

force was necessary (i.e., that “mere touching” did not suffice). 844 F.3d at 1265. 

Harris went on to hold that Colorado robbery, consistent with the ACCA

requirement, required a “violent” taking. Id. at 1266-68 & n.4. In Stokeling, on

the other hand, the question upon which certiorari was granted is as follows:

Is a state robbery offense that includes “as an element” the common

law requirement of overcoming “victim resistance” categorically a

“violent felony” under the [elements clause of the ACCA], if the

offense has been specifically interpreted by state appellate courts to

require only slight force to overcome resistance?

Given that Harris definitively interpreted Colorado state case law as to robbery as

requiring more than de minimis force, the decision in Stokeling, which deals with

only the “slight” force necessary to commit Florida robbery, is highly unlikely to

have any impact on this case.

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