# Patent

## Title
Multi-ratio transmission

## Abstract

A multi-stage transmission having eight forward and one reverse gear, including planetary gearsets, shafts and shift elements. The sun gear of gearset (P1) is connected to shaft (3) and the ring gear of gearset (P3) and can couple the housing via brake (03). The input shaft couples the carrier of gearset (P1) and can couple, via clutch (15), shaft (5) which couples the ring and sun gears of respective gearsets (P2, P3). The ring gear of gearset (P1) couples shaft (6), which can couple, via clutch (67), shaft (7), which couples the sun gear of gearset (P2). Shaft (8) couples the carrier and sun gear of respective gearsets (P3, P4). Shaft (4) couples the carrier of gearset (P4) and can couple, via brake (04), the housing. The output shaft couples the ring gear of gearset (P4) and the carrier of gearset (P2). Clutch (56) can connect shafts (5, 6).

## Background
This application is a National Stage completion of PCT/EP2013/050350 filed Jan. 10, 2013, which claims priority from German patent application serial no. 10 2012 201 6821 filed Feb. 6, 2012.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a multi-stage transmission in planetary design, in particular an automatic drive for a motor vehicle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
According to the prior art, automatic drives, in particular for motor vehicles, comprise planetary gear sets, which are shifted by means of friction or, respectively, shift elements, such as clutches and brakes, and which are typically connected to a start-up element that is subject to a slip effect and that is optionally provided with a bypass clutch, such as a hydrodynamic torque converter or a hydraulic clutch.
Such an automatic drive is known from DE 199 12 480 84 by the Applicant, for example. This drive comprises three single-carrier planetary gear sets as well as three brakes and two clutches for the shifting of six forward gears and one reverse gear, an input drive shaft and an output shaft, wherein the carrier of the first planetary gear set is permanently connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear set, and the carrier of the second planetary gear set is permanently connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set, and the input drive shaft is directly connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set.
In addition, in the known transmission, it is provided that the input drive shaft can be connected by means of the first clutch to the sun gear of the first planetary gear set, and can be connected by means of the second clutch to the carrier of the first planetary set, wherein the sun gear of the first planetary gear set can be connected by means of the first brake to a housing of the transmission, and the carrier of the first planetary gear set can be connected by means of the second brake to the housing of the transmission, wherein the sun gear of the third planetary gear set can be connected by means of the third brake to the housing of the transmission. The output shaft of the transmission is permanently connected to the carrier of the third planetary gear set and to the ring gear of the first planetary gear set.
In addition, a 9-speed multi-stage transmission is known from DE 29 36 969 A1; it comprises eight shift elements and four planetary gear sets, wherein a planetary gear set serves as a front mounted transmission and the main gearing has a Simpson set and a further planetary gear set which serves as a reverse gear.
Further multi-stage transmissions are known, for example from DE 10 2005 010 210 A1 and DE 10 2006 006 637 A1 by the Applicant.
Automatic vehicle transmissions in planetary design in general have already been described in the prior art and are subject to constant further development and improvement. These transmissions should have low construction costs, in particular a low number of shift elements, and with a sequential method of shifting, should avoid double shifting, i.e. a connection or, respectively, disconnection of two shift elements, so that when shifting in defined groups of gears, only one respective shift element is shifted.
A multi-stage transmission in planetary design is known from DE 10 2008 000 428 A1 by the Applicant, which has an input drive and an output drive, which is disposed in a housing. In the case of the known transmission, at least four planetary gear sets, referred to in the following as the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear set, at least eight rotatable shafts, referred to in the following as the input drive shaft, output shaft, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth shaft, as well as at least six shift elements, comprising brakes and clutches, are provided, the selective meshing of which produces different transmission ratios between the input drive and the output drive, so that preferably nine forward gears and one reverse gear can be implemented.
The first and the second planetary gear sets, which are preferably designed as a minus planetary gear sets, this having a negative stationary transmission ratio, form a shiftable front mounted gear set thereby, wherein the third and the fourth planetary gear set form a main gear set.
In the case of the known multi-stage transmission, it is provided that the carriers of the first and of the second planetary gear set are coupled with one another by means of a fourth shaft, which is connected to an element of the main gear set, in that the ring gear of the first planetary gear set is coupled to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set by means of the eighth shaft, which can be detachably connected to the input drive shaft by means of a first clutch, and in that the sun gear of the first planetary gear set can be connected by means of a third shaft through a first brake to a housing of the transmission and can be detachably connected by means of a second clutch to the input drive shaft, wherein the ring gear of the second planetary gear set can be coupled by means of the fifth shaft through a second brake to a housing of the transmission. In addition, the seventh shaft is permanently connected to at least one element of the main gear set and can be connected by means of a third brake to the housing of the transmission, wherein the sixth shaft is permanently connected to at least one additional element of the main gear set and is detachably connected by means of a third clutch to the input drive shaft; the output shaft is permanently connected to at least one additional element of the main gear set.
In the known transmission, the fourth shaft is preferably permanently connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set, wherein the sixth shaft is permanently connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set and to the carrier of the third planetary gear set, and can be detachably connected by means of the third clutch to the input drive shaft. In addition, the seventh shaft is permanently connected to the sun gears of the third and fourth planetary gear set, and can be connected by means of the third brake to a housing of the transmission. The output drive is produced thereby by means of the output shaft, which is permanently connected to the carrier of the fourth planetary gear set. In addition, the third and the fourth planetary gear set can be assembled or, respectively, reduced into a Ravigneaux gear set having a common carrier and a common ring gear.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to propose a multi-stage transmission of the aforementioned type, which has eight forward gears and one reverse gear having a sufficient transmission ratio, in which the construction costs and the installation size, in particular the installation length or, respectively, the weight are optimized, and in addition the efficiency is improved in terms of drag and gearing losses. In addition, in the case of the multi-stage transmission according to the invention, low hogging moments should affect the shift elements. In addition, the transmission should be suitable both for a front longitudinal design and for a front transverse design.
This object is achieved according to the invention by the features described below.
Therefore, a multi-stage transmission according to the invention in planetary design is proposed, which has an input drive and an output drive, which are disposed in a housing. In addition, at least four planetary gear sets, referred to in the following as the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear set, eight rotatable shafts, referred to in the following as the input drive shaft, output shaft, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth shaft, and at least five shift elements preferably designed as lamellar shift elements or as form fitting shift elements comprising two brakes and three clutches, are provided, the selective meshing of which produces different transmission ratios between the input drive and the output drive, so that preferably eight forward gears and one reverse gear can be implemented.
Viewed axially, the planetary gear sets are preferably disposed in the sequence of the first planetary gear set, the second planetary gear set, the third planetary gear set, and the fourth planetary gear set, wherein the first, second and third planetary gear set are preferably designed as minus planetary gear sets and wherein the fourth planetary gear set is preferably designed as a plus planetary gear set. Within the context of further embodiments of the invention, the axial sequence of the planetary gear sets may be in any order.
It is known that a simple minus planetary gear set comprises a sun gear, a ring gear and a carrier, on which planetary gears are rotatably mounted, each of which mesh with the sun gear and ring gear. When the carrier is locked, the ring gear has a direction of rotation thereby that is opposite to that of the sun gear. By contrast, a simple plus planetary gear set comprises a sun gear, a ring gear and a carrier, on which internal and external planetary gears are rotatably mounted, wherein all internal planetary gears mesh with the sun gear, and all external planetary gears mesh with the ring gear, wherein the internal planetary gears each mesh with an external planetary gear. When the carrier is locked, the ring gear has the same direction of rotation as the sun gear thereby, and this results in a positive stationary transmission ratio.
According to the invention, the sun gear of the first planetary gear set is connected to the third shaft, which shaft can be coupled by means of a first brake to the housing of the transmission and which is connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set, wherein the input drive shaft is connected to the carrier of the first planetary gear set and can be detachably connected by means of a first clutch to the fifth shaft, which shaft is connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear set and sun gear of the third planetary gear set.
In addition, the ring gear of the first planetary gear set is connected to the sixth shaft of the transmission, which shaft can be detachably connected by means of a second clutch to the seventh shaft, which is connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set, wherein the eighth shaft is connected to the carrier of the third planetary gear set and to the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set, and wherein the fourth shaft, which is connected to the carrier of the fourth planetary gear set, can be coupled by means of a second brake to the housing of the transmission.
In addition, the output shaft of the transmission is connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set and to the carrier of the second planetary gear set, wherein according to the invention, a third clutch is provided, which detachably connects the fifth shaft to the sixth shaft.
The design of the multi-stage transmission according to the invention results in transmission ratios that are especially suited for passenger vehicles, as well as an increased overall gear ratio of the multi-stage transmission, which leads to an improvement in the driving comfort and a significant reduction in the fuel consumption.
Moreover, the construction costs are substantially reduced in the case of the multi-stage transmission according to the invention by a low number of shift elements. With the multi-stage transmission according to the invention, it is advantageously possible to perform a start-up using a hydrodynamic converter, an external start-up clutch or also with other suitable, external start-up elements. It is also conceivable that a start-up procedure can be made possible using a start-up element that is integrated in the transmission. Preferably a shift element, which is actuated in the first forward gear and in the reverse gear, is suited for this.
In addition, in the multi-stage transmission according to the invention, a good degree of efficiency is created in the main drive gears in terms of drag and gearing losses.
In addition, there are low torques in the shift elements and in the planetary gear sets of the multi-stage transmission, whereby the abrasive wear in the multi-stage transmission is advantageously reduced. Moreover, the low torques make correspondingly small dimensions possible, whereby the necessary installation space and the associated costs are reduced. In addition, there are also low rotational speeds in the shafts, the shift elements and the planetary gear sets.
Moreover, the transmission according to the invention is designed in such a way that it can be adapted to different drive train embodiments both in the power flow direction, and in terms of spatial aspects.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying Figures. Shown are:
FIG. 1: a schematic view of a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a multi-stage transmission according to the invention; and
FIG. 2: an example of a shift pattern for a multi-stage transmission pursuant to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3: diagrammatically shows an electrical machine disposed on the input shaft of the multi-stage transmission according to the invention;
FIG. 4: diagrammatically shows a clutch provided between an engine and the multi-stage transmission according to the invention; and
FIG. 5: diagrammatically shows an electrical machine disposed parallel to the input shaft of the multi-stage transmission according to the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 illustrates a multi-stage transmission according to the invention having an input drive shaft 1, an output shaft 2 and four planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3 and P4, which are disposed in a housing G. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the first, second and third planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3 are designed as minus planetary gear sets, wherein the fourth planetary gear set P4 is designed as a plus planetary gear set. According to the invention, at least one of the planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3 may be designed as a plus planetary gear set when, at the same time, the carrier and ring gear connections are switched and the amount of the stationary transmission ratio is increased by 1 in comparison to the design as a minus planetary gear.
In the case of the embodiment shown, when viewed in an axial direction, the planetary gear sets are disposed in the sequence of the first planetary gear set P1, the second planetary gear set P2, the third planetary gear set P3, the fourth planetary gear set P4.
As can be seen in FIG. 1, five shift elements are provided, namely two brakes 03, 04 and three clutches 15, 56, 67. The spatial arrangement of the shift elements can be arbitrary, and is only limited by the dimensions and the external shape. The clutches and the brakes of the transmission are preferably designed as friction or form locking shift elements.
A selective shifting of eight forward gears and one reverse gear can be achieved using these shift elements. The multi-stage transmission according to the invention has a total of eight rotatable shafts, namely the shafts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, wherein the input drive shaft forms the first shaft 1 and the output shaft forms the second shaft 2 of the transmission. The output shaft 2 is preferably disposed coaxially to the input drive shaft 1, whereby a front-longitudinal design can be achieved.
According to the invention, in the multi-stage transmission pursuant to FIG. 1 it is provided that the sun gear of the first planetary gear set P1 is connected to the third shaft 3, which shaft can be coupled by means of a first brake 03 to the housing G of the transmission, and which is connected to the ring gear of the third planetary gear set P3, wherein the input drive shaft 1 is connected to the carrier of the first planetary gear set P1 and can be detachably coupled by means of a first clutch 15 to the fifth shaft 5, which shaft is connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear set P2 and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set P3.
As can be seen in FIG. 1, the ring gear of the first planetary gear set P1 is connected to the sixth shaft 6, which shaft can be detachably connected by means of a second clutch 67 to the seventh shaft 7, which is connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set P2, wherein the eighth shaft 8 is connected to the carrier of the third planetary gear set P3 and to the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set P4. The fourth shaft 4, which is connected to the carrier of the fourth planetary gear set P4, can be coupled by means of a second brake 04 to the housing G of the transmission.
In addition, the output shaft 2 is connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set P4 and to the carrier of the second planetary gear set P2, wherein according to the invention, a third clutch 56 is provided, which detachably connects the fifth shaft 5 to the sixth shaft 6.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a shift pattern of a multi-stage transmission pursuant to FIGS. 1. Three shift elements are engaged for each speed. The shift pattern shows the respective transmission ratios i of the individual gear steps and the gear increments or step changes φ for the next higher speed to be determined therefrom, wherein the value 8.040 represents the transmission ratio spread of the transmission.
In the example shown, the values for the stationary transmission ratios of the planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3, which are designed as minus planetary gear sets, are −1.720, −1.630 and −1.580, respectively, wherein the stationary transmission ratio of the fourth planetary gear set P4, which is designed as a plus-planetary gear set, is 1.970. It is clear from FIG. 2 that in the case of a sequential manner of shifting, only one shift element must be engaged, and one shift element must be disengaged, since two adjacent gear steps use two shared shift elements, In addition, it is apparent that a large transmission ratio spread is obtained with small gear increments.
The first forward gear is created by engaging the first and second brake 03, 04 and the first clutch 15, the second forward gear is created by engaging the first and second brake 03, 04 and the third clutch 56, the third forward gear is created by engaging the second brake 04 and the first and third clutch 15, 56, the fourth forward gear is created by engaging the second brake 04 and the second and third clutch 67, 56, the fifth forward gear is created by engaging the second brake 04 and the first and second clutch 15, 67, the sixth forward gear is created by engaging the first, second and third clutch 15, 67, 56, the seventh forward gear is created by engaging the first brake 03 and the first and second clutch 15, 67 and the eighth forward gear is created by engaging the first brake 03 and the second and third clutch 67, 56, wherein the reverse gear is created by engaging the first and second brake 03, 04 and the second clutch 67.
Because the first and second brake 03, 04 are engaged in the first forward gear and in the first reverse gear, these shift elements may be used as start-up elements.
According to the invention, even with the same gear pattern, different gear increments are created depending on the shift logic, so that an application or, respectively, vehicle-specific variation is made possible.
Within the context of a refinement of the invention, an electric machine may be provided, which is directly connected to the input drive shaft 1 of the transmission as diagrammatically shown in FIG. 3 or is indirectly connected to the input drive shaft 1 by means of a gear step or a chain drive 12 as diagrammatically shown in FIG. 5. In addition, a fourth clutch may be provided as diagrammatically shown in FIG. 4, by means of which the internal combustion engine can be disconnected from the transmission, whereby all gears of the transmission can be driven purely electrically.
According to the invention, it is also optionally possible to provide additional freewheels at each suitable position of the multi-stage transmission where applicable, for example between a shaft and the housing, or in order to connect two shafts.
An axle differential and/or a distributor differential can be disposed on the input drive side or on the output drive side.
Within the context of an advantageous refinement of the invention, the input drive shaft 1 can be separated by a clutch element from a drive motor if needed, wherein a hydrodynamic converter, a hydraulic clutch, a dry start-up clutch, a wet start-up clutch, a magnetic powder clutch or a centrifugal clutch can be used as a clutch element. It is also possible to dispose such a start-up element in the power flow direction behind the transmission, wherein in this case, the input drive shaft 1 is constantly connected to the crank shaft of the drive motor.
In addition, the multi-stage transmission according to the invention makes it possible for a torsional vibration damper to be disposed between the drive motor and the transmission.
Within the context of a further embodiment of the invention not shown here, a wear-free brake, for example such as a hydraulic or electric retarder or the like, can be disposed on each shaft, preferably on the input drive shaft 1 or the output shaft 2, which is of particular importance, especially for use in commercial vehicles. In addition, a power take-off drive may be provided on each shaft, preferably on the input shaft 1 or the output shaft 2 to be driven by additional power engines.
The friction elements used may be designed as power shiftable clutches or brakes. In particular, force locking clutches or brakes, for example such as lamellar clutches, band brakes and/or cone clutches, may be used.
A further advantage of the multi-stage transmission put forward here consists in the fact that an electric machine can be attached to each shaft as a generator and/or as an additional drive machine.
REFERENCE FIGURES


    1 first shaft, input drive shaft
    2 second shaft, output shaft
    3 third shaft
    4 fourth shaft
    5 fifth shaft
    6 sixth shaft
    7 seventh shaft
    8 eighth shaft
    03 first brake
    04 second brake
    15 first clutch
    56 third clutch
    67 second clutch
    G housing
    P1 first planetary gear set
    P2 second planetary gear set
    P3 third planetary gear set
    P4 fourth planetary gear set
    i transmission ratio
    φ step change

## Claims

1. A multi-stage automatic transmission for a motor vehicle, the transmission comprising:
an input shaft (1) and an output shaft (2);
first, second; third and fourth planetary gear sets (P1, P2, P3, P4) being arranged in a housing (G), and each of the first, the second, the third and the fourth planetary gear sets comprising a sun gear, a ring gear and a carrier;
at least third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth rotatable shafts (3, 4, 7, 8);
at least five shift elements (03, 04, 15, 56, 57) comprising first and second brakes (03, 04) and first, second and third clutches (15, 56, 57) whose selective engagement results in different transmission ratios between the input shaft (1) and the output shaft (2) so that eight forward gears and one reverse gear are implementable;
the sun gear of the first planetary gear set (P1) and the ring gear of the third planetary gear set (P3) both being connected to the third shaft (3), and the third shaft (3) being couplable by the first brake (03) to the housing (G);
the input shaft (1) being connected to the carrier of the first planetary gear set (P1), the input shaft (1) being detachably connectable by the first clutch (15) to the fifth shaft (5), and the fifth shaft (5) being connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear set (P2) and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set (P3);
the ring gear of the first planetary gear set (P1) being connected to the sixth shaft (6), the sixth shaft (6) being detachably connected by the second clutch (67) to the seventh shaft (7), and the seventh shaft (7) being connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set (P2);
the eighth shaft (8) being connected to both the carrier of the third planetary gear set (P3) and the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4);
the fourth shaft (4) being connected to the carrier of the fourth planetary gear set (P4), and the fourth shaft (4) being connectable by the second brake (04) to the housing (G);
the output shaft (2) being connected to both the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) and the carrier of the second planetary gear set (P2); and
the third clutch (56) detachably connecting the fifth shaft (5) to the sixth shaft (6).

2. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 1, wherein the first, the second and the third planetary gear sets (P1, P2, P3) are designed as minus planetary gear sets, and the fourth planetary gear set (P4) is designed as a plus planetary gear set.

3. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 1, wherein, when viewed in an axial direction, the first, the second, the third and the fourth planetary gear sets (P1, P2, P3, P4) are disposed in a sequence of the first planetary gear set (P1), the second planetary gear set (P2), the third planetary gear set (P3), and the fourth planetary gear set (P4).

4. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 1, wherein an electric machine is connected to the input shaft (1) by either a gear stage or a chain drive.

5. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 1, wherein the eight forward gears comprise a first forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first and the second brakes (03, 04) and the first clutch (15);
a second forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first and the second brakes (03, 04) and the third clutch (56);
a third forward gear is implemented by engagement of the second brake (04) and the first and the third clutches (15, 56);
a fourth forward gear is implemented by engagement of the second brake (04) and the second and the third clutches (67, 56);
a fifth forward gear is implemented by engagement of the second brake (04) and the first and the second clutches (15, 67);
a sixth forward gear is implemented by engagement of he first, the second and the third clutches (15. 67, 56);
a seventh forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first brake (03) and the first and the second clutches (15, 67);
an eighth forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first brake (03) and the second and the third clutches (67, 56); and
the reverse gear is implemented by engagement of the first and the second brakes (03, 04) and the second clutch (67).

6. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 1, wherein an electric machine is connected to the input shaft (1) of the transmission.

7. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 6, wherein a combustion motor is disconnectable from the transmission by a fourth clutch so that all of the transmission gears can be driven purely electrically.

8. A multi-stage automatic transmission for a motor vehicle, the transmission comprising:
an input shaft (1) and an output shaft (2);
first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets (P1, P2, P3) being arranged within a housing (G), and each of the first, the second, the third and the fourth planetary gear sets comprising a sun gear, a ring gear and a carrier;
at least third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth rotatable shafts (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);
at least five shift elements (03, 04, 15, 56, 57) comprising first and second brakes (03, 04) and first, second and third clutches (15, 56, 57), and selective engagement of the at least five shift elements results in different transmission ratios between the input shaft (1) and the output shaft (2) such that eight forward gears and one reverse gear are implementable;
the input shaft (1) being continuously connected to the carrier of the first planetary gear set (P1) and the input shaft (1) being connectable, via the first clutch (15), to the fifth shaft (5);
the output shaft (2) being continuously connected to both the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) and the carrier of the second planetary gear set (P2);
the third shaft (3) being continuously connected to both the sun gear of the first planetary gear set (P1) and the ring gear of the third planetary gear set (P3), and the third shaft (3) being connectable, via the first brake (03), to the housing (G);
the fourth shaft (4) being continuously connected to the carrier of the fourth planetary gear set (P4), and the fourth shaft (4) being connectable, via the second brake (04), to the housing (G);
the fifth shaft (5) being continuously connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear set (P2) and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set (P3), and the fifth shaft (5) being connectable, via the third clutch (56), to the sixth shaft (6);
the sixth shaft (6) being continuously connected to the ring gear of the first planetary gear set (P1), and the sixth shaft (6) being connectable, via the second clutch (67), to the seventh shaft (7);
the seventh shaft (7) being continuously connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set (P2); and
the eighth shaft (8) being continuously connected to both the carrier of the third planetary gear set (P3) and the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4).

9. The multi-stage transmission according to claim 8, wherein the eight forward gears comprise a first forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first and the second brakes (03, 04) and the first clutch (15);
a second forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first and the second brakes (03, 04) and the third clutch (56);
a third forward gear is implemented by engagement of the second brake (04) and the first and the third clutches (15, 56);
a fourth forward gear is implemented by engagement of the second brake (04) and the second and the third clutches (67, 56);
a fifth forward gear is implemented by engagement of the second brake (04) and the first and the second clutches (15, 67);
a sixth forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first, the second and the third clutches (15, 67, 56);
a seventh forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first brake (03) and the first and the second clutches (15, 67);
an eighth forward gear is implemented by engagement of the first brake (03) and the second and the third clutches (67, 56); and
the reverse gear is implemented by engagement of the first and the second brakes (03, 04) and the second clutch (67).