### Se ptember 2009 Key

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME

MPC F P S HMX 

### Highly Invasive Species Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven zzzzz z Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard zz zzz z Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligator weed zzz z Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Porcelain-berry z zzz z Carex kobomugi Asiatic sand sedge zzz z Celastrus orbiculata Oriental bittersweet zzz zz z Centaurea dubia Short-fringed knapweed z zz zz Centaurea biebersteinii Spotted knapweed zzzzz z Cirsium arvense Canada thistle zzzz z Dioscorea oppositifolia Chinese yam zzz zz z Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn olive zzzzz z Euonymus alata Winged burning bush z zz z Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla zzz z Imperata cylindrica Cogon grass z zz z Lespedeza cuneata Chinese lespedeza zz z z Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet zzz zz z Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle zzzzzz z Lonicera morrowii Morrow's honeysuckle zz zzz z Lonicera standishii Standish's honeysuckle zz zz z Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife zzzz zz Microstegium vimineum Japanese stilt grass zzzzzzzz H = Hydric M = Mesic X = Xeric F = Full sun P = Part Sun S = Shade M = Mountains P = Piedmont C = Coastal

MOISTURE REGION LIGHT 

# Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia

Department of Conservation and Recreation Division of Natural Heritage 217 Governor Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 (804) 786-7951 http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage Virginia Native Plant Society Blandy Experimental Farm 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2 Boyce, Virginia 22620 (540) 837-1600 http://www.vnps.org

### Se ptember 2009 Key

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME

MPC F P S HMX H = Hydric M = Mesic X = Xeric F = Full sun P = Part Sun S = Shade M = Mountains P = Piedmont C = Coastal

MOISTURE REGION LIGHT

Murdannia keisak Aneilema zzzz z Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot feather zzzz z Myriophyllum spicatum European water-milfoil zzzz z Phragmites australis Common reed zzzz zz Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed zzzzz z Polygonum perfoliatum Mile-a-minute z zzz z Pueraria montana Kudzu vine zzzzzz z Ranunculus ficaria Lesser celandine z zz z Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose zzzzz z Rubus phoenicolasius Wineberry zzz zz z Sorghum halepense Johnson-grass zzzzz z Vitex rotundifolia Beach vitex zz z

Acer platanoides Norway maple zzzzz z Agropyron repens Quack grass zzzzz z Agrostis tenuis Rhode Island bent-grass zz zz z Akebia quinata Five-leaf akebia zzzzz z Albizia julibrissin Mimosa zzzzz z Allium vineale Wild onion zzzzz z Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort zzzzz zz Arthraxon hispidus Jointed grass zzzzzzzz Arundo donax Giant reed zzzz zz Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry zzzzzz z Carduus nutans Musk thistle zzzz z Cassia obtusifolia Sickle pod zzzz zz Centaurea jacea Brown knapweed zz zz zz Cirsium vulgare Bull-thistle zzzz z Convolvulus arvensis Field-bindweed zzzzz z Dipsacus laciniatus Cut-leaf teasel zz z Dipsacus sylvestris Common teasel zzzz zz Egeria densa Brazilian water-weed zzzzz z 

### Highly Invasive Species - continued

Moderately Invasive Species

### Se ptember 2009 Key

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME

MPC F P S HMX H = Hydric M = Mesic X = Xeric F = Full sun P = Part Sun S = Shade M = Mountains P = Piedmont C = Coastal

MOISTURE REGION LIGHT

Euonymus fortunei Wintercreeper z zzzz

Festuca elatior(F. pratensis) Tall fescue zzzzz z Foeniculum vulgare Fennel zzz zzz Glechoma hederacea Gill-over-the-ground zzz zz z Hedera helix English ivy zzzzz z Holcus lanatus Velvet-grass zzzzz zz Humulus japonicus Japanese hops zzzzzzzz Ipomoea hederacea Ivy-leaved morning-glory zzzzz zz Ipomoea purpurea Common morning-glory zzzz z Iris pseudacorus Yellow flag zzzzz z Ligustrum obtusifolium Blunt-leaved privet zz z z Lonicera maackii Amur honeysuckle zz z z Lonicera tatarica Tartarian honeysuckle zz zz z Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort zzzzzzzz Melia azedarach China-berry zzzz z Paulownia tomentosa Princess tree zzzzz z Phleum pratense Timothy zzzzz z Phyllostachys aurea Golden bamboo zzzz z Poa compressa Canada bluegrass zzzzzz zz Poa trivialis Rough bluegrass zzzzzzzz Polygonum cespitosum Bristled knotweed zzzzzzzz Populus alba White poplar zzzzz z Rumex acetosella Red sorrel zzzzz z Rumex crispus Curled dock zz z zz Setaria faberi Giant foxtail zzzz z Spiraea japonica Japanese spiraea zz zzzz Stellaria media Common chickweed zzzzzz z Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved speedwell zzzzzz z Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria zz zz z Xanthium strumarium Common cocklebur zzzzz zz 

### Moderately Invasive Species - continued

### Se ptember 2009 Key

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME

MPC F P S HMX H = Hydric M = Mesic X = Xeric F = Full sun P = Part Sun S = Shade M = Mountains P = Piedmont C = Coastal

MOISTURE REGION LIGHT

Agrostis gigantea Redtop zzzzz z Ajuga reptans Bugleweed zzzzz zz Arrhenatherum elatius Oatgrass zzzzz z Commelina communis Common dayflower zzzzz z Conium maculatum Poison hemlock zzzzz z Coronilla varia Crown-vetch zzzz zz Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass zzzzz z Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive zzzzz z Elaeagnus pungens Thorny elaeagnus zz z z Eragrostis curvula Weeping lovegrass zzzz zz Euphorbia esula Leafy spurge zz zz z Ipomoea coccinea Red morning-glory zzzz z Lapsana communis Nipplewort z zz z Lespedeza bicolor Shrubby bushclover zzzzz z Lonicera fragrantissima Sweet breath of spring z zz z Lonicera x bella Bell's honeysuckle zzzzz z Lotus corniculatus Birdsfoot trefoil zzzzz zz Melilotus alba White sweet clover zzzzz z Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweet clover zzzzz z Miscanthus sinensis Silver grass zzzzz z Morus alba White mulberry zzzzz z Pastinaca sativa Wild parsnip zzzzz z Perilla frutescens Beefsteak plant zzz zz z Trapa natans Water chestnut zz zz Ulmus pumila Siberian elm z zz z Viburnum dilatatum Linden viburnum z zz z Vinca minor& V. major Periwinkle zzzzzz z Wisteria floribunda Japanese wisteria z zz z 

### Occasionally Invasive Species

### About the List This advisory list is published by Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (VDCR) to inform land managers of potential risks associated with certain plant species known to exhibit invasive behavior in some situations. The list is not regulatory in nature, and thus does not prohibit the use of the plant species listed. VDCR and Virginia Native Plant Society use detailed criteria to assess the invasiveness of a plant. Factors used to rank each speciesinclude: cumulative impacts on natural areas; impacts on other species; potential to disperse and invade natural landscapes; distribution and abundance; and difficulty to manage.
Invasiveness Ranking Highly invasive speciesexhibit the most invasive tendencies in natural areas and native plant habitats. They may disrupt ecosystem processes and cause major alterations in plant community composition and structure. They establish readily in natural systems and spread rapidly. Moderately invasive speciesmay have minor influence on ecosystem processes, alter plant community composition, and affect community structure in at least one layer. They may become dominant in the understory layer without threatening all species found in the community. These species usually require a minor disturbance to become established. Occasionally invasive speciesgenerally do not affect ecosystem processes but may alter plant community composition by outcompeting one or more native plant species. They often establish in severely disturbed areas. The disturbance may be natural or human origin, such as icestorm damage, windthrow, or road construction. These species spread slowly or not at all from disturbed sites.
Regions For the purpose of this list, the state has been divided into three regions: Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountains. The Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions follow conventional physiographic province boundaries. The Mountain region combines the Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, and Appalachian Plateau physiographic provinces.
Habitat Requirements The categories for light and soil requirements are very broad and are only meant to give general indication of habitat adaptations for these plants.