[Cite as In re X.L., 2014-Ohio-1219.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

STARK COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

IN THE MATTER OF: : JUDGES: 

TWIGGS/LUCE/WILLIAMS : 

PATTERSON CHILDREN : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, P.J. 

X.L. : Hon. John W. Wise, J. 

C.W. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. 

L.W. : 

Z.T. : Case No. 2013CA00220 

 : 

 : 

 : 

 : 

 : O P I N I O N

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court of 

Common Pleas, Family Court Division, 

Case No. 2012 JCJ 00086 

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED 

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: March 24, 2014 

APPEARANCES: 

For Appellee Stark County DJFS: For Appellant Mother: 

 

JAMES B. PHILLIPS AARON KOVALCHIK 

STARK COUNTY JFS 116 Cleveland Ave. NW 

221 Third St. SE Suite 808 

Canton, OH 44702 Canton, OH 44702 

 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 2 

Delaney, J. 

{¶1} Appellant P.P. (“Mother”) appeals from the October 11, 2013 Judgment 

Entry of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court Division. Appellee is 

Stark County Department of Job and Family Services (“Agency”). 

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 

{¶2} This case involves four children of Mother: Z.T. (d.o.b. 11/10/2000), X.L. 

(d.o.b. 1/27/04), C.W. (d.o.b. 11/2/0/05) and L.W. (d.o.b. 10/17/06). The father of Z.T. is 

unknown; Christopher Williams (“Father”) is the established father of the three youngest 

children only. 

Case History 

{¶3} This case arose when the Agency filed a complaint seeking temporary 

custody of the four children named above, plus three additional children of Mother: G.P., 

K.P., and L.P. Permanent custody of the latter three children was awarded to the 

Agency on May 29, 2013 after a contested trial, a decision we affirmed in In re G.P., 5th 

Dist. Stark Nos. 2013CA00126, 2013CA00127, 2013-Ohio-4692. 

{¶4} Relevant to the instant appeal, on February 14, 2012, the trial court found 

Z.T. (d.o.b. 11/10/2000), X.L. (d.o.b. 1/27/04), C.W. (d.o.b. 11/2/0/05) and L.W. (d.o.b. 

10/17/06) to be to be dependent and the children were placed in the Agency’s 

temporary custody. A case plan was approved and adopted. Regular six-month and 

annual reviews were held and the trial court found the Agency made reasonable efforts 

to reunify the family. 

{¶5} On June 14, 2013, the Agency filed a motion for permanent custody of 

Z.T. (d.o.b. 11/10/2000). 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 3 

{¶6} On June 17, 2013, the Agency filed a motion to extend temporary custody 

of X.L. (d.o.b. 1/27/04), C.W. (d.o.b. 11/20/05), and L.W. (d.o.b. 10/17/06) which was 

later amended to a motion to change legal custody to T.G., paternal grandmother in 

Wisconsin, upon a six-month interstate home study. 

{¶7} The motions for permanent custody and change of legal custody were 

heard on October 10, 2013. Neither Mother nor Father appeared for the hearing. 

{¶8} On October 11, 2013 the trial court journalized its findings of fact and 

conclusions of law terminating Mother’s parental rights and granting permanent legal 

custody of Z.T. (d.o.b. 11/10/2000) to the Agency and changing legal custody of X.L. 

(d.o.b. 1/27/04), C.W. (d.o.b. 11/20/05), and L.W. (d.o.b. 10/17/06) to T.G. 

The Evidence before the Trial Court 

{¶9} The following facts are adduced from evidence at the motions hearing 

before the trial court on October 10, 2013. 

{¶10} Stacy Senff testified as the ongoing Agency caseworker for all four 

children. The children were taken into emergency temporary custody on January 20, 

2012 and were found to be dependent children on February 6, 2012. They have 

remained in the temporary custody of the Agency since January 20, 2012 and the trial 

court has conducted regular review hearings, finding the Agency has made reasonable 

efforts to reunite the family and approving and adopting a case plan. 

{¶11} The father of Z.T. (d.o.b. 11/10/2000) is unknown; no father has been 

identified. John Doe service has been perfected. 

{¶12} Father of X.L. (d.o.b. 1/27/04), C.W. (d.o.b. 11/20/05), and L.W. (d.o.b. 

10/17/06) is located in Milwaukee, WI and has contact with the children; he agrees with 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 4 

the motion to change legal custody of the three children to his mother, T.G., who lives in 

Eau Claire, WI. Father has been released from jail and visits frequently. Senff testified 

Father is not involved in case plan services because he agreed with his mother having 

legal custody. 

Mother has not Completed Case Plan 

{¶13} Mother’s case plan services included an intake assessment and 

substance abuse treatment at Quest, random urine screens, and a parenting 

assessment at “Northeast Ohio.” Mother went to Quest for the assessment and denied 

a history of substance abuse, although she tested positive for cocaine. She was told to 

attend Quest for substance abuse counseling and she did so. 

{¶14} Mother completed the parenting assessment at Northeast Ohio, receiving 

several recommendations which were incorporated into her case plan. She was 

required to complete anger management and domestic violence counseling at Free 

Space, but she only attended a few times. She was required to complete Goodwill 

Parenting, which she did not attend at all. Finally, she was required to receive a 

comprehensive mental health assessment and psychological evaluation; a concern 

existed with Mother’s bipolar condition. She contacted Phoenix Rising and attended a 

few appointments, but didn’t sign releases so Senff was unable to ascertain compliance 

with this requirement. 

{¶15} The Agency was also concerned with Mother’s ongoing cocaine abuse. 

Her last positive test was August 28, 2012; she did comply with random urine screens, 

when Senff could reach her. 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 5 

{¶16} Senff’s communication with Mother was intermittent. She sporadically 

showed up for visits and her telephone numbers changed “constantly.” Senff’s last 

contact with Mother was August 28, 2012, when she was scheduled for a visit with the 

children. Because Mother had not been showing up, the Agency had not transported 

the children for the visit. Senff and her supervisor met with Mother that day and 

discussed their concerns. 

{¶17} On cross-examination, Senff explained Mother had visitation for one hour 

per week and the Agency had stopped visitation because Mother did not show at all for 

three or four weeks and didn’t call to cancel, which was too traumatic for the children. 

{¶18} Mother did not reappear until a court hearing in December or January of 

2013 and did not maintain contact with Senff since the permanent custody hearing on 

the other three children mentioned supra, on May 7, 2013. At that hearing, Mother 

brought documentation of some substance abuse treatment she was receiving in 

Wisconsin, but Senff was only able to verify Mother had missed two appointments, done 

no follow-up, and had not provided a release. 

{¶19} Mother’s last visit with the children was August 14, 2012. She did not 

request a visit with the children at the permanent custody hearing on her other children 

held on May 7, 2013. 

{¶20} Senff does not believe Mother has done anything to reduce the risk she 

poses to her children and cannot safely parent the children. 

{¶21} Mother’s last known whereabouts were in Wisconsin. She had a baby in 

Wisconsin in May, 2013 and as of the date of the hearing, has custody of the child. 

Senff testified a case has been opened but the child has not been removed, despite no 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 6 

indication Mother has completed services in Wisconsin. Senff testified at one point the 

Wisconsin children’s services agency was unable to locate Mother and the child. 

Z.T.’s Best Interests 

{¶22} Z.T. (d.o.b. 11/10/2000) is a biracial child with no medical issues; he does 

have some psychological and developmental issues, specifically, Reactive Attachment 

Disorder. He has been in counseling for this but is taking a break. He is in a foster 

home and doing “pretty well;” Senff testified grades are very important to him and he is 

trying football for the first time. Senff stated Z.T. has told her how important stability is 

to him; this is the first time he’s been in the same school for two years. At the time of 

the hearing, Z.T. was 12 years old and in 7th grade. He is not presently in a foster-toadopt environment because the Agency did not have permanent custody. 

{¶23} Z.T. wants a permanent home. He is presently dealing with issues related 

to being abandoned in Ohio. He parented his younger siblings, and now they and his 

mother are in Wisconsin. His last visit with Mother was August 14, 2012. Senff testified 

the bond between Z.T. and Mother is present but is not healthy due to resentment 

related to splitting up the siblings. 

{¶24} Senff opined permanent custody is in Z.T.’s best interest and will allow 

him to remain at the same school, finish the school year, have friendships, play sports, 

and live the life of a 12-year-old instead of parenting younger children. Z.T. is very 

adoptable and is a nice boy who craves a permanent home. 

{¶25} The guardian ad litem agreed permanent custody is in Z.T’s best interest. 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 7 

Best Interests of X.L., C.W., and L.W. 

{¶26} Evidence regarding the change of legal custody of X.L. (d.o.b. 1/27/04), 

C.W. (d.o.b. 11/20/05), and L.W. (d.o.b. 10/17/06) established the Agency requested an 

interstate home study on the home of T.G., paternal grandmother. The three children 

were placed there on October 24, 2012, and although they had a difficult transition, they 

are now doing well with the aid of services including intensive home-based counseling 

focusing on structure, rules, and consequences. The state of Wisconsin has approved 

the change of legal custody to T.G. as well. 

{¶27} Mother has not visited the children at T.G.’s residence in Eau Claire, WI 

and the counselor does not recommend visits at this time. At one point during their time 

in WI, C.W. (d.o.b. 11/20/05) and L.W. (d.o.b. 10/17/06) set fires and when 

apprehended, they said they were burning the memories of the times Mother’s husband 

hurt them and she didn’t protect them. 

{¶28} Senff opined the change of legal custody is in the best interest of the three 

younger children because they have been with T.G. for a year and have come a long 

way. Father is a big part of their lives and an uncle is also involved so they have 

positive male influences in their lives. The family has demonstrated commitment to 

maintaining stability and maintaining the placement until the three children reach the 

age of 18. 

{¶29} The guardian ad litem also recommends granting the change of legal 

custody of X.L., C.W., and L.W. 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 8 

{¶30} The trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights and granted permanent 

legal custody of Z.T. (d.o.b. 11/10/2000) to the Agency and changed legal custody of 

X.L. (d.o.b. 1/27/04), C.W. (d.o.b. 11/20/05), and L.W. (d.o.b. 10/17/06) to T.G. 

{¶31} Mother now appeals from the trial court’s October 11, 2013 decision 

granting permanent custody of Z.T. to the Agency. Mother does not appeal the trial 

court’s decision changing legal custody of the three younger children to T.G. Mother 

raises three assignments of error: 

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR 

{¶32} “I. APPELLANT WAS DENIED HER RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE 

ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.” 

{¶33} “II. THE JUDGMENT OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THE MINOR 

CHILD CANNOT OR SHOULD NOT BE PLACED WITH APPELLANT WITHIN A 

REASONABLE TIME WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY 

OF THE EVIDENCE.” 

{¶34} “III. THE JUDGMENT OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THE BEST 

INTERESTS OF THE MINOR CHILD WOULD BE SERVED BY THE GRANTING OF 

PERMANENT CUSTODY WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT AND 

SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE.” 

ANALYSIS 

I.

{¶35} In her first assignment of error, Mother argues she was deprived of the 

effective assistance of counsel. We disagree. 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 9 

{¶36} We have recognized “ineffective assistance” claims in permanent custody 

appeals. See, e.g., In re Utt Children, 5th Dist. Stark No.2003CA00196, 2003–Ohio–

4576. Where the proceeding contemplates the loss of parents' ‘essential’ and ‘basic’ 

civil rights to raise their children, “ * * * the test for ineffective assistance of counsel used 

in criminal cases is equally applicable to actions seeking to force the permanent, 

involuntary termination of parental custody.” In re Wingo, 143 Ohio App.3d 652, 666, 

758 N.E.2d 780 (4th Dist.2001), quoting In re Heston, 129 Ohio App.3d 825, 827, 719 

N.E.2d 93 (1st Dist.1998). Our standard of review for an ineffective assistance claim is 

thus set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 

674 (1984). In re Fell, 5th Dist. Guernsey No. 05 CA 8, 2005–Ohio–5790, ¶ 11. 

{¶37} To succeed on a claim of ineffectiveness, an appellant must satisfy a twoprong test. Initially, an appellant must show that trial counsel acted incompetently. See, 

Strickland v. Washington, supra, 466 U.S. at 668. In assessing such claims, “a court 

must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of 

reasonable professional assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the 

presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action ‘might be considered 

sound trial strategy.’” Id. at 689, citing Michel v. Louisiana, 350 U.S. 91, 101, 76 S.Ct. 

158 (1955). “There are countless ways to provide effective assistance in any given 

case. Even the best criminal defense attorneys would not defend a particular client in 

the same way.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689. The question is whether counsel acted 

“outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance.” Id. at 690. 

{¶38} Even if an appellant shows that counsel was incompetent, the appellant 

must then satisfy the second prong of the Strickland test. Under this “actual prejudice” 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 10 

prong, the appellant must show that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for 

counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” 

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. The United States Supreme Court and the Ohio Supreme 

Court have held a reviewing court “need not determine whether counsel's performance 

was deficient before examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of 

the alleged deficiencies.” State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 143, 538 N.E.2d 373 

 538 N.E.2d 373, quoting Strickland at 697. Accordingly, we will direct our attention to 

the second prong of the Strickland test. In re Huffman, 5th Dist. Stark No.2005–CA–

00107, 2005–Ohio–4725, ¶ 22. 

{¶39} First, Mother argues trial counsel was ineffective in failing to ask for a 

continuance of the permanent custody hearing. We disagree. We are inclined to agree 

with our colleagues on the Ninth District Court of Appeals, who concluded “the 

reasonableness of trial counsel's performance must be examined in light of the 

limitations that the [parent’s] own behavior placed on counsel's ability to represent [him 

or her].” In re J.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 10CA009908, 2011-Ohio-985, ¶ 17, citing In re 

N.H., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24355, 2008–Ohio–6617, at ¶ 28, citing Strickland, 466 U.S. 

at 691. 

{¶40} As in J.S., supra, in the instant case, the totality of the circumstances and 

the limitations Mother placed on trial counsel's performance do not support a conclusion 

that trial counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable 

representation in failing to move for a continuance of the permanent custody hearing. 

The record reflects Mother was served with notice of the permanent custody hearing. 

She did not complete her case plan or visit with Z.T. She did not stay in touch with Senff 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 11 

or inform her of her whereabouts. There is no evidence in the record Mother asked her 

attorney to request a continuance or provided a reason for her absence on the day of 

the hearing. Mother has not demonstrated that trial counsel's performance fell below an 

objective standard of reasonable representation in failing to request a continuance on 

the day of the permanent custody hearing. See Bradley, supra, 42 Ohio St.3d 136 at 

paragraph two of the syllabus. 

{¶41} Moreover, Mother has not demonstrated prejudice; she has not shown 

that the result would have been different had trial counsel requested a continuance. 

Mother had not visited Z.T. in over 90 days and he was in the temporary custody of the 

Agency for more than 12 of the last 22 months, either of which is sufficient grounds to 

support the motion for permanent custody. 

{¶42} Mother further argues trial counsel was ineffective in failing to present a 

defense during the best-interest portion of the hearing because there was testimony 

Mother was “bonded” with Z.T. We disagree with this characterization of the evidence 

in the record; in fact, Senff testified the bond between Mother and Z.T. is not a positive 

one in light of Mother’s abandonment and Z.T.’s realization thereof. 

{¶43} We find Mother has not established trial counsel’s actions constituted 

ineffective assistance and her first assignment of error is overruled. 

II., III. 

{¶44} Mother argues in her second and third assignments of error the trial court 

erred in granting permanent custody of Z.T. to the Agency. We disagree. 

{¶45} “[T]he right to raise a child is an ‘essential’ and ‘basic’ civil right.” In re 

Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990), quoting Stanley v. Illinois, 405 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 12 

U.S. 645, 92 S.Ct. 1208, 31 L.Ed.2d 551 (1972). An award of permanent custody must 

be based on clear and convincing evidence. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1). Clear and convincing 

evidence is that evidence “which will provide in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief 

or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 

469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954). “Where the degree of proof required to sustain an issue 

must be clear and convincing, a reviewing court will examine the record to determine 

whether the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree 

of proof.” Id. at 477. If some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential 

elements of the case supports the trial court's judgment, an appellate court must affirm 

the judgment and not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. C.E. Morris Co. v. 

Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). 

{¶46} Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given to 

the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. Seasons Coal v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 

77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984). Deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is 

“crucial in a child custody case, where there may be much evidence in the parties' 

demeanor and attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v. Flickinger, 77 

Ohio St.3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997). 

{¶47} R.C. 2151.414 sets forth the guidelines a trial court must follow when 

deciding a motion for permanent custody. R.C. 2151.414(A)(1) mandates the trial court 

schedule a hearing and provide notice upon the filing of a motion for permanent custody 

of a child by a public children services agency. 

{¶48} Following the hearing, R.C. 2151.414(B) authorizes the juvenile court to 

grant permanent custody of the child to the public or private agency if the court 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 13 

determines, by clear and convincing evidence, it is in the best interest of the child to 

grant permanent custody to the agency, and that any of the following apply: (a) the child 

is not abandoned or orphaned, and the child cannot be placed with either of the child's 

parents within a reasonable time or should not be placed with the child's parents; (b) the 

child is abandoned; (c) the child is orphaned and there are no relatives of the child who 

are able to take permanent custody; or (d) the child has been in the temporary custody 

of one or more public children services agencies or private child placement agencies for 

twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period ending on or after 

March 18, 1999. 

{¶49} R.C. 2151.414(B) establishes a two-pronged analysis the trial court must 

apply when ruling on a motion for permanent custody. In practice, a trial court will 

usually determine whether one of the four circumstances delineated in R.C. 

2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (d) is present before proceeding to a determination regarding 

the best interest of the child. 

{¶50} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody 

hearing, R.C. 2151.414(D) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, 

including, but not limited to, the following: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the 

child with the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home 

providers, and any other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of 

the child as expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with 

due regard for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; and (4) the 

child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of 

placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody. 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 14 

{¶51} Our review of the record shows the trial court's decision regarding 

permanency and placement was supported by clear and convincing evidence. 

{¶52} Our review of the record fully supports the trial court’s conclusion Mother 

abandoned her children, including Z.T., due to her lack of contact with them for more 

than 90 days and her failure to successfully complete her case plan services. Mother 

failed to maintain contact with Senff, failed to establish she completed required 

counseling or obtained counseling in Wisconsin, and did not complete required releases 

that would allow the Agency to determine whether she complied with any treatment 

recommendations. In the absence of any such evidence, we are left to conclude the 

Agency’s most serious concerns, Mother’s mental health and substance abuse, remain 

unresolved. 

{¶53} We also note Mother had her parental rights involuntarily terminated with 

respect to three siblings of Z.T., a case which was on appeal at the time of the trial 

court’s ruling. In the present case, we find clear and convincing evidence that, 

notwithstanding the prior termination, Mother has not established she can provide a 

legally secure placement and adequate care for the health, welfare, and safety of the 

child. R.C. 2151.414(E)(11). 

{¶54} We next turn to the issue of best interests. We have frequently noted, 

“[t]he discretion which the juvenile court enjoys in determining whether an order of 

permanent custody is in the best interest of a child should be accorded the utmost 

respect, given the nature of the proceeding and the impact the court's determination will 

have on the lives of the parties concerned.” In re Mauzy Children, 5th Dist. Stark 

No.2000CA00244, 2000 WL 1700073 (Nov. 13, 2000), citing In re Awkal, 85 Ohio 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 15 

App.3d 309, 316, 642 N.E.2d 424 (8th Dist.1994). The trial court determined it was in 

the best interest of the child to be placed in the permanent custody of the Agency 

pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(D), and we agree. 

{¶55} Z.T. wants and deserves stability. The first stability he has experienced is 

in his foster home, where he has been able to stay in the same school for longer than a 

year and even participate in sports. He is experiencing life as a 12-year-old and not 

having to parent younger siblings. Although he is not presently in a foster-to-adopt 

environment, granting permanent custody to the Agency makes him eligible for such an 

arrangement and would allow him to find the permanence and stability he craves. He is 

a nice boy by all accounts and is adoptable. 

{¶56} The guardian ad litem recommended that permanent custody be granted 

to the Agency. 

{¶57} Mother has not visited with Z.T. since August 14, 2012 and has not 

requested a visit; she is apparently in Wisconsin. Z.T.’s realization and understanding 

of her abandonment has not created a healthy bond between them. The trial court 

found, and we agree, the benefits of permanency to Z.T. outweigh any detriment to 

severing the bond between Z.T. and Mother. 

{¶58} Mother's second and third assignments of error are overruled. 
Stark County, Case No. 2013CA00220 16 

CONCLUSION 

{¶59} Mother’s three assignments of error are overruled and the judgment of the 

Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court Division is affirmed. 

By: Delaney, J. and 

Farmer, P.J. 

Wise, J., concur.