```

 TITLE: IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Horticultural
 Crops
 PUBLICATION DATE:  March 1994
 ENTRY DATE:  April 1995
 EXPIRATION DATE:  
 UPDATE FREQUENCY: 
 CONTACT:  Jane Gates
           Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
           National Agricultural Library
           Room 304, 10301 Baltimore Ave.
           Beltsville, MD  20705-2351
           Telephone:  (301) 504-6559
           FAX:  (301) 504-6409
           Internet:  afsic@nal.usda.gov
 DOCUMENT TYPE:  text
 DOCUMENT SIZE:  302k (146 pages)
 
 
 ==============================================================
                                              ISSN:  1052-5378
 United States Department of Agriculture
 National Agricultural Library
 10301 Baltimore Blvd.
 Beltsville, Maryland  20705-2351
 
 IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests:  Horticultural Crops
 January 1992 - December 1993
 
 QB 94-12
 Quick Bibliography SeriesBibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National
 Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness,
 and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive
 bibliographies on any given subject.  However, the citations are a
 substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic. 
 They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of
 agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not
 access it by any other means.  The bibliographies are derived from
 computerized on-line searches of the AGRICOLA data base. 
 Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the
 selection criteria.
 
 The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search
 strategy of the Quick Bibliography.  Information regarding these is
 available upon request from the author/searcher.
 
 Copies of this bibliography may be made or used for distribution
 without prior approval.  The inclusion or omission of a particular
 publication or citation may not be construed as endorsement or
 disapproval.
 
 To request a copy of a bibliography in this series, send the series
 title, series number and self-addressed gummed label to:
 
 U.S. Department of Agriculture
 National Agricultural Library
 Public Services Division, Room 111
 Beltsville, Maryland 20705
 
 IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests:  Horticultural Crops
 January 1992 - December 1993
 
 
 Quick Bibliography Series:  QB 94-12
 Updates QB 92-41
 
 285 citations in English from AGRICOLA
 
 Jane Potter Gates
 Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
 
 
 
 March 1994National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
 
 Gates, Jane Potter
   IPM and biological control of plant pests : horticultural crops. 
  (Quick bibliography series ; 94-12)
   1. Plant parasites--Integrated control--Bibliography. 2. Plant
 parasites--Biological control--Bibliography. 3. Horticultural
 crops--Diseases and pests--Control. I. Title.
 aZ5071.N3 no.94-12
 
 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits
 discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color,
 national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs,
 and marital or familial status.  (Not all prohibited bases apply to
 all programs).  Persons with disabilities who require alternative
 means for communication of program information (braille, large
 print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of
 Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD).
 
 To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S.
 Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.  20250, or call (202)
 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD).  USDA is an equal
 employment opportunity employer.
 
 AGRICOLA
 
 Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA
 database between January 1979 and the present.
 
 
 SAMPLE CITATIONS
 
 Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural
 Library's AGRICOLA database.  An explanation of sample journal
 article, book, and audiovisual citations appears below.
 
 JOURNAL ARTICLE:
 
   Citation #                                     NAL Call No.  
 Article title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher.  Journal Title.  
 Date.  Volume (Issue).  Pages.  (NAL Call Number).
 
 Example:
   1                             NAL Call No.:  DNAL 389.8.SCH6  
 Morrison, S.B.  Denver, Colo.:  American School Food Service  
 Association.  School foodservice journal.  Sept 1987. v. 41   (8).
 p.48-50. ill.
 
 BOOK:
 
   Citation #                                   NAL Call Number  
 Title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date. Information   on
 pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
 
 Example:
   1                        NAL Call No.:  DNAL RM218.K36 1987  
 Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
   Kane, June Kozak.  New York:  Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
   Includes index.  xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm.  Bibliography:   p.
 126.
 
 AUDIOVISUAL:
 
   Citation #                                  NAL Call Number  
 Title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date.
   Supplemental information such as funding.  Media format
   (i.e., videocassette):  Description (sound, color, size).
 
 Example:
   1                    NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N; AV  
 All aboard the nutri-train.
   Mayo, Cynthia.  Richmond, Va.:  Richmond Public Schools,
   1981.  NET funded.  Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
   Mayo.  1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
   activity packet.IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Horticultural Crops
                           January 1992 - December 1993
 
 
 
                             SEARCH STRATEGY
       Set         Description
 
       S1     505  IPM
       S2    6966  INTEGRATED
       S3   19282  PEST
       S4  130996  MANAGEMENT
       S5    2415  INTEGRATED(W)PEST(W)MANAGEMENT
       S6    2505  IPM OR INTEGRATED()PEST()MANAGEMENT
       S7    6966  INTEGRATED
       S8  137642  CONTROL?
       S9     979  INTEGRATED(W)CONTROL?
      S10    3335  S6 OR INTEGRATED()CONTROL?
      S11     570  BIOCONTROL
      S12   29087  BIOLOGICAL
      S13  137642  CONTROL?
      S14   13166  BIOLOGICAL(W)CONTROL?
      S15   16147  S10 OR BIOCONTROL OR BIOLOGICAL()CONTROL?     
 S16     140  SCOUTING
      S17   46984  NATURAL
      S18    1587  ENEM?
      S19    1281  NATURAL(W)ENEM?
      S20   17995  PARASITES
      S21  181112  PEST?
      S22    2902  PARASITES(2W)PEST?
      S23    4120  SCOUTING OR NATURAL()ENEM? OR PARASITES(W2)PEST? 
     S24   18223  S15 OR S23
      S25   96079  HORTICULTURAL
      S26  223030  CROP?
      S27   91280  HORTICULTURAL(W)CROP?
      S28   33450  FRUIT?
      S29   17724  VEGETABLE?
      S30   18857  POTATO?
      S31    9536  GRAPE?
      S32    2064  NUT? ?
      S33    3383  SHRUB?
      S34    2721  TURF
      S35    1345  ORNAMENTALS
      S36    1849  FLORAL
      S37  223030  CROP?
      S38      23  FLORAL(W)CROP?
      S39  142173  HORTICULTURAL()CROP? OR FRUIT? OR VEGETABLE? OR
 POTATO? OR                   GRAPE? OR NUT? ? OR SHRUB? OR TURF OR
 ORNAMENTALS OR                   FLORAL()CROP?
      S40    1442  S24 AND S39
      S41    1215  S40/ENG
      S42   70710  SH=F83?
      S43    1015  S41 NOT SH=F83?
      S44  204582  UD=9201 : UD=9999
      S45     290  S43 AND UD=9201:UD=9999
 
 
          IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests:  Horticultural
 Crops
 
 1                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.A2C47 1991 commercial pecan: insect, disease, and weed
 control recommendations. Gasaway, W.S.
 Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1991 Jan.
 Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
 University (27): 13 p.; 1991 Jan.  In subseries: Integrated Pest
 Management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Carya illinoensis; Pest control; Insect control;
 Disease control; Weed control
 
 
 2                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.A2C47 1991 Small fruits--insect, disease, and weed control
 recommendations. Patterson, M.G.; Everest, J.W.; Powell, A.
 Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1991 Jan.
 Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
 University (478): 16 p.; 1991 Jan.  In Subseries: Integrated Pest
 Management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alabama; Small fruits; Pest control; Plant disease
 control; Pesticides
 
 
 3                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.V8V52 1991 spray bulletin for commercial tree fruit growers.
 Horsburgh, R.L.; Pfeiffer, D.G.; Fell, R.D.; Hogmire, H.W. Jr;
 Barden, J.A.; Byers, R.E.; Kushad, M.M.; Marini, R.P.; Baugher,
 T.A.; Ingle, L.M. Blacksburg, Va. : Extension Division, Virginia
 Polytechnic Institute and State University; 1991.
 Publication - Virginia Cooperative Extension Service v.): 120 p.;
 1991.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Temperate tree fruits; Pesticides; Application
 methods; Safety at work; Integrated pest management; Health
 hazards; Plant disease control; Weed control; Growth regulators;
 Wildlife management; Nutrient requirements; Harvesting date
 
 
 4                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.A2C47 1992 commercial vegetables insect, disease, nematode,
 and weed control recommendations.
 Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1992 Mar.
 Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
 University (2): 44 p.; 1992 Mar.  In Subseries: Integrated Pest
 Management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Vegetables; Insect control; Disease control; Nematode
 control; Weed control; Integrated pest management; Insects;
 Insecticides; Plant diseases; Fungicides; Nematoda; Nematicides;
 Weeds; Herbicides
 
 
 5                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 W27P 1992 pest management guide for commercial small fruits.
 Antonelli, A.L.; Brun, C.A.; MacConnell, C.B.; Havens, D.; Scheer,
 W.P.A. Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1992 Feb.
 Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative
 Extension Service v.): 51 p.; 1992 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Washington; Small fruits; Pest management; Integrated
 pest management; Pesticides; Safety; Spraying equipment; Plant
 diseases; Insects; Fungicides; Insecticides
 
 
 6                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.A2C47 1992 small fruits--insect, disease, and weed control
 recommendations. Patterson, M.G.; Everest, J.W.; Himelrick, D.;
 Powell, A.
 Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
 University (478): 16 p.; 1991 Dec.  In Subseries: Integrated Pest
 Management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alabama; Small fruits; Insect control; Plant disease
 control; Weed control; Insecticides; Herbicides; Fungicides
 
 
 7                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.A2C47 1993 Commercial peach: Insect, disease, nematode, and
 weed control recommendations.
 Sikora, E.J.; McVay, J.R.; Powell, A.A.; Patterson, M.G.; Everest,
 J.W. Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1993 Jan.
 Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
 University (8): 12 p.; 1993 Jan.  In subseries: Integrated Pest
 Management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Prunus persica; Insect control; Plant disease control;
 Nematode control; Weed control; Fungicides; Bactericides;
 Insecticides; Acaricides; Herbicides; Application rates;
 Application methods
 
 
 8                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N6N62 1993 Pest and orchard management: guide for North
 Carolina apples. Walgenbach, J.F.; Sutton, T.B.; Skroch, W.A.;
 Unrath, C.R.; Parker, M.L.; Sullivan, W.T.; Shelton, J.E.; Rock,
 G.C.; Bromley, P.T.
 Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1993 Feb.
 AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina
 State University v.): 34 p.; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North Carolina; Malus pumila; Orchards; Integrated
 pest management; Plant disease control; Agricultural chemicals;
 Application methods; Application rates; Application date;
 Pesticides
 
 
 9                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N6N62 1993 pest control recommendations for turfgrass
 managers.
 Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1992 Nov.
 AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina
 State University v.): 12 p.; 1992 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North Carolina; Lawns and turf; Insect control;
 Insecticides; Weed control; Integrated pest management; Weeds;
 Herbicides; Plant disease control; Nematicides; Growth regulators
 
 
 10                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Activity of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on the
 germination of asparagus seed. I. Seed treatments.
 Nipoti, P.; Manzali, D.; Gennari, S.; D'Ercole, N.; Rivas, F.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Jul. Acta horticulturae (271): p. 403-407; 1990 Jul.  Paper
 presented at the "7th International asparagus Symposium," June
 19-23, 1989, Ferrara, Italy. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Asparagus; Trichoderma harzianum; Seed germination
 
 Abstract:  Two methods of applying a biocontrol agent (Trichoderma
 harzianum--"T 581") directly to the seed were evaluated in order to
 assess its possible positive effects on germination. The "T 581"
 strain, isolated from the soil and grown on potato dextrose agar
 medium (PDA) for seven days, was employed in three concentrations
 (10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) spores/ml). The following methods were
 evaluated for each concentration: 1. Seed coating using talcum and
 sodium alginate as dispersant and thickening agent for the
 condidial suspension, respectively; 2. Seed coating and
 encapsultation of biocontrol agent using talcum and alginate with
 the addition of a food-base compound (chitin) in case (a) and
 without such addition in case (b). After this, encapsulation of
 Trichoderma was obtained by dropping the coated seeds into 0.1 M
 calcium gluconate solution. The parameters obtained in the trials
 conducted on the "UC 157 LT 869-470-2" asparagus variety were
 germination percentage and amount of dry matter produced by
 seedlings. The results are then discussed.
 
 
 11                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Activity of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on the
 germination of asparagus seeds. II. Soil treatments.
 Gennari, S.; Manzali, D.; D'Erocole, N.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Jul. Acta horticulturae (271): p. 409-415; 1990 Jul.  Paper
 presented at the "7th International asparagus Symposium," June
 19-23, 1989, Ferrara, Italy. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Asparagus; Trichoderma harzianum; Seed germination;
 Soil treatment
 
 Abstract:  This paper examines the effects of Trichoderma harzianum
 Rifai ("T 581") on the germination of asparagus seeds ("UC 157 LT
 869-470-2" variety) when added to the soil. The "T 581" strain
 grown on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) for seven days was
 brought to a 10(5) spores/ml concentration and employed in two
 formulations: liquid and solid. The biocontrol agent was added at
 a ratio of 26 000 spores/g to thhe soil which had previously been
 steam-sterilized. Planting was carried out 96, 72, 48, 24 and 0
 hours after adding "T 581" to the soil. Germination precentage and
 the amount of dry matter produced by seedlings were evaluated. The
 parameters ware determined on four successive stages at four-day
 intervals. The findings are then commented upon.
 
 
 12                                          NAL Call. No.:
 aSB950.2.A1F47 1992 The adoption of integrated pest management
 technologies by vegetable growers. Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge; Beach,
 E. Douglas; Huang, Wen-Yuan United States, Dept. of Agriculture,
 Economic Research Service, Resources and Technology Division
 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
 Service, Resources and Technology Division,; 1992.
 iv, 17 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (ERS staff report ; no. AGES 9228.). 
 Cover title. "November 1992"--P. iii.  Includes bibliographical
 references (p. 15-17).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pests; Vegetables
 
 
 13                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 The African lunar moth, Argema mimosae (Lepidoptera:
 Saturniidae), a potential pest of marula.
 Van Den Berg, M.A.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Jul. Acta horticulturae (275): p. 685-689; 1990 Jul.  Paper
 presented at the "International Symposium on the Culture of
 Subtropical and Tropical Fruits and Crops," Volume II, November
 6-10, 1989, Nelspruit, South Africa.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South  Africa; Anacardiaceae; Lepidoptera; Insect
 pests; Pest control; Biological control; Life cycle
 
 Abstract:  The African lunar moth, Argema mimosae (Bsd.), is
 endemic to south-central Africa. The larvae feed on the foliage of
 the marula, Sclerocarya caffra (Sond.), and may cause substantial
 defoliation which can reduce growth and/or fruit production. At
 average temperatures of about 25 degrees C eggs hatch after 10.9
 days, and the first to fifth larval instars are completed in means
 of 5.6, 4.2, 3.4, 5.8, and 14.1 days respectively. The pupal stage
 lasts 6-12 weeks in summer and 5-8 months in winter. The African
 lunar moth completes two generations per year. Marula trees are
 attacked during the months October to December and February to
 March when most of the larvae are in their fourth and fifth instar.
 The egg parasitoids Anastatus sp. (sp.a) and Mesocomys pulchriceps
 Cam. (Hymenoptera:Eupelmidae) have been reared from A. mimosae eggs
 placed in the field. In the laboratory two other eupelmids,
 Mesocomys vuilleti (Crawf.) and Anastatus sp (sp.b.), parasitise
 eggs of the African lunar moth.
 
 
 14                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QD415.A1J6 Analysis, synthesis, formulation, and field testing of
 three major components of male Mediterranean fruit fly pheromone.
 Heath, R.R.; Landolt, P.J.; Tumlinson, J.H.; Chambers, D.L.;
 Murphy, R.E.; Doolittle, R.E.; Dueben, B.D.; Sivinski, J.; Calkins,
 C.O.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Sep.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (9): p. 1925-1940; 1991 Sep. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ceratitis capitata; Sex pheromones; Chemical
 composition; Synthesis; Bioassays; Insect traps; Insect control;
 Biological control
 
 Abstract:  Three major components, ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl
 acetate, and (E.E)-alpha-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by
 laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and
 analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these
 compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the
 photophase arid differences were observed in the ratios of the
 three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies.
 These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed
 to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a
 ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness
 of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field
 conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited
 with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught
 significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which
 the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents.
 
 
 15                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Antibiosis as mode of action in postharvest biological
 control. Pusey, P.L.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 127-141; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Postharvest decay; Biological control; Bacillus
 subtilis; Extracts
 
 
 16                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 100 C12H Aphelopus albopictus Ashmead (Hymenoptera:
 Dryinidae): abundance, parasitism, and distribution in relation to
 leafhopper hosts in grapes. Wilson, L.T.; Carmean, I.; Flaherty,
 D.L.
 Oakland, Calif. : California Agricultural Experiment Station; 1991
 Jan. Hilgardia : a journal of agricultural science v. 59 (1): 16
 p.; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Vitis; Erythroneura elegantula; Parasites
 of insect pests
 
 
 17                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: S481.R4 Application of a new strain of Metarhizium anisopliae
 (Fungi imperfecti) as a means of biological control against the
 coconut leaf hispid, Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Hispidae) in
 Samoa.
 Marschall, K.J.; Vargo, A.M.; Fatuesi, S.
 Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture and
 Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension
 Service (134): p. 137-140; 1991 Dec.  Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP
 Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Western samoa; American samoa; Cocos nucifera;
 Brontispa longissima; Metarhizium anisopliae; Biological control;
 Fungal spores
 
 
 18                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: SB599.C8 Arthropod natural enemies of the Colorado potato
 beetle.
 Hough-Goldstein, J.A.; Heimpel, G.E.; Bechmann, H.E.; Mason, C.E.
 Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1993 Aug.
 Crop protection v. 12 (5): p. 324-334; 1993 Aug.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Insect pests; Natural
 enemies; Biological control agents; Predatory arthropods; Parasites
 of insect pests; Literature reviews
 
 
 19                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 420 F662 Arthropods associated with passion fruit in western
 Venezuela. Dominguez-Gil, O.E.; McPheron, B.A.
 Winter Haven, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society; 1992 Dec.
 Florida entomologist v. 75 (4): p. 607-612; 1992 Dec.  Paper
 presented at a Workshop on "Important arthropod pests of the
 Caribbean Basin amenable to biological control: Homoptera,
 Coleoptera, Lepidoptera," April 8-10, 1991, Orlando, Florida. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Venezuela; Passiflora edulis; Arthropod pests;
 Arthropods; Biological control; Ecosystems; Natural enemies;
 Pollinators
 
 
 20                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: SB925.B5 Augmentative releases of Diachasmimorpha tryoni
 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to suppress a Mediterranean fruit fly
 (Diptera: Tephritidae) population in Kula, Maui, Hawaii.
 Wong, T.T.Y.; Ramadan, M.M.; McInnis, D.O.; Mochizuki, N.;
 Nishimoto, J.I.; Herr, J.C.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jun.
 Biological control v. 1 (1): p. 2-7; 1991 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Ceratitis capitata; Peaches; Insect pests;
 Insect control; Biological control; Biological control agents;
 Parasitoid augmentation; Parasites of insect pests; Braconidae;
 Prunus persica
 
 
 21                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Avocado growing in Israel.
 Priel, A.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1993 Feb. California grower v. 17 (2): p. 29-30; 1993 Feb.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Israel; France; Spain; Persea Americana; Crop yield;
 Crop production; International trade; Marketing techniques;
 Cultivars; Irrigation; Saline water; Biological control; Food
 consumption; Consumer preferences
 
 
 22                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Behavioral interactions between Japanese beetle
 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) grubs and an entomopathogenic nematode
 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) within turf microcosms.
 Schroeder, P.C.; Villani, M.G.; Ferguson, C.S.; Nyrop, J.P.;
 Shields, E.J. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993
 Jun.
 Environmental entomology v. 22 (3): p. 595-600; 1993 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Popillia japonica; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora;
 Entomophilic nematodes; Interactions; Dispersal; Biological control
 agents
 
 Abstract:  Distribution of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica
 Newman, grubs and dispersal of an entomopathogenic nematode,
 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar 'Oswego' strain (an isolate
 from New York state), were examined for 5 wk within soil-filled
 flats containing grass. Japanese beetle grubs uniformly dispersed
 to all sections of the flats not infested with H. bacteriophora
 'Oswego' strain. In flats infested with H. bacteriophora 'Oswego'
 strain, however, greater proportions of Japanese beetle grubs were
 recovered in sections near the nematode release site or center
 sections of the flats. H. bacteriophora 'Oswego' strain dispersed
 to all sections of the flats but dispersed more rapidly within the
 flats infested with Japanese beetle grubs than in flats not
 infested with Japanese beetle grubs.
 
 
 23                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Biocontrol of postharvest bacterial diseases of fruits
 and vegetables. Moline, H.E.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 114-124; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit; Vegetables; Postharvest decay; Plant pathogenic
 bacteria; Biological control; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas
 putida; Erwinia
 
 
 24                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: 8 P832J Biological and chemical control of nematodes in
 Capsicum annuum L. Vicente, N.E.; Acosta, N.
 Rio Piedras, P.R. : University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural
 Experiment Station; 1992 Jul.
 The Journal of agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico v. 76
 (3/4): p. 171-176; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Puerto Rico; Capsicum annuum; Meloidogyne incognita;
 Rotylenchulus reniformis; Biological control; Chemical control;
 Carbofuran; Nematode control; Paecilomyces lilacinus; Population
 dynamics; Crop yield
 
 
 25                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB951.P47 Biological control and integrated pest management in
 glasshouses--a commercial success.
 Lenteren, J.C. van
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1993.
 Pesticide science v. 37 (4): p. 430-432; 1993.  Paper presented at
 the meeting on "Biological Control: Use of Living Organisms in the
 Management of Invertebrate Pests, Pathogens and Weeds," October
 19-20, 1992, London. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Netherlands; Greenhouse culture; Biological control;
 Integrated pest management; Policy; Research; Crops
 
 
 26                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB951.P47 Biological control in protected crops: where do we
 go?.
 Lenteren, J.C. van
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
 Pesticide science v. 36 (4): p. 321-327; 1992.  Paper presented at
 the symposium "Integrated Control of Pests and Diseases in
 Protected Crops and Greenhouses," May 19-20, 1992, Noordwijkerhout,
 The Netherlands.  Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Europe; Biological control; Natural enemies;
 Biological control agents; Greenhouse culture; Greenhouse crops;
 Integrated pest management; Research; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Biological pest control is a reliable method and an
 economically profitable endeavour for growers of greenhouse crops.
 The fast evaluation and introduction of a number of natural enemies
 in situations where chemical control was either insufficient,
 impossible or undesired, has taught crop protection specialists
 that biological control, within IPM programmes, is a powerful
 option in pest control. Commercially available natural enemies are
 listed, current research in biological control is described,
 incorrect criticism of biological control is discussed and specific
 advantages of using this control method in protected crops are
 given.
 
 
 27                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Biological control of ash whitefly: a success in
 progress.
 Bellows, T.S.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1991 Sep. California grower v. 15 (9): p. 8-9, 13; 1991 Sep.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Citrus; Tree fruits; Aleyrodidae;
 Encarsia; Biological control
 
 
 28                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Biological control of Botrytis, Rhizopus and Alternaria
 rots of tomato fruit by Pichia guilliermondii.
 Chalutz, E.; Droby, S.; Cohen, L.; Weiss, B.; Barkai-Golan, R.;
 Daus, A.; Fuchs, Y.; Wilson, C.L.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 71-85; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tomatoes; Postharvest decay; Botrytis; Rhizopus;
 Alternaria; Decay fungi; Biological control; Pichia
 
 
 29                                              NAL Call. No.:
 SB945.F8F7 1989 Biological control of fruit-infesting Tephritidae.
 Wharton, R.A.
 Rotterdam : Published for the Commission of the European
 Communities by A.A. Balkema; 1989.
 Fruit flies of economic importance 87 : proceedings of the CEC/IOBC
 International Symposium, Rome 7-10, April 1987 / edited by R.
 Cavalloro. p. 323-332; 1989. (EUR).  Literature review.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Tephritidae; Plant pests; Biological control;
 Literature reviews; Parasites of insect pests
 
 
 30                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Biological control of Japanese, Oriental, and black
 turfgrass ataenius beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae with
 entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae,
 Heterorhabditidae).
 Alm, S.R.; Yeh, T.; Hanula, J.L.; Georgis, R.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1660-1665; 1992 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Connecticut; Festuca ovina; Lawns and turf;
 Blitopertha orientalis; Popillia japonica; Scarabaeidae; Larvae;
 Biological control; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Neoaplectana
 carpocapsae; Neoaplectana feltiae; Neoaplectana glaseri
 
 Abstract:  Several strains or species of entomopathogenic
 nematodes-steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (All), S. feltiae
 (=bibionis) (Filipjev) (Biosys strains 27 and 980), S. glaseri
 (Steiner), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (= heliothidis) Poinar
 (HP88)-were tested in the field for control of japanese beetle,
 Popillia japonica Newman; Oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis
 Waterhouse; or black turfgrass ataenius, Ataenius spretulus
 (Haldeman) larvae. A spring field trial against A. orientalis, in
 which half of the plots were aerated to assist in nematode
 dispersal in soil, showed no significant differences between
 control plots and those treated with H. bacteriophora (HP88) or S.
 carpocapsae (All). A fall field trial in which half of the plots
 were dethatched before nematode application (to enhance nematode-
 larva contact) also showed no significant differences between plots
 treated with S. feltiae and control plots. Four other fall field
 trials with S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. glaseri, and H.
 bacteriorphora against japanese beetle larvae showed a range of
 0-81% control. The greatest mortality of P. japonica larvae
 occurred with S. glaseri at 24.7 X 10(9) per ha. A field trial with
 S. carpocapsae against A. spretulus showed 94% mortality at a 24.7
 X 10(9) per ha rate.
 
 
 31                                             NAL Call. No.:
 SB608.F8W48 1991 Biological control of postharvest diseases of
 citrus and deciduous fruit. Wilson, Charles L.; Chalutz, Edo
 United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
 Development Fund Bet Dagan, Israel : BARD,; 1991.
 141 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.  Final report.  Project no. US-1374-87. 
 Includes bibliographical references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit
 
 
 32                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Biological control of postharvest diseases of citrus
 fruit. Droby, S.; Chalutz, E.; Cohen, L.; Weiss, B.; Wilson, C.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 60-70; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Citrus fruits; Postharvest decay; Biological control
 
 
 33                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: SB599.C8 Biological control of post-harvest diseases of fruits
 and vegetables: alternatives to synthetic fungicides.
 Wilson, C.L.; Wisniewski, M.E.; Biles, C.L.; McLaughlin, R.;
 Chalutz, E.; Droby, S.
 Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1991 Jun.
 Crop protection v. 10 (3): p. 172-177; 1991 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tomatoes; Grapes; Apples; Citrus fruits; Peaches;
 Vegetables; Fruits; Postharvest decay; Postharvest treatment;
 Biological control; Biological control agents; Antagonists;
 Secondary metabolites
 
 
 34                                                       NAL Call.
 No.: SB1.H6 Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits
 and vegetables: recent advances.
 Wisniewski, M.E.; Wilson, C.L.
 Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1992
 Feb. HortScience v. 27 (2): p. 94-98; 1992 Feb.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Vegetables; Fruit; Postharvest decay; Postharvest
 losses; Biological control; Biological control agents; Antagonists
 
 
 35                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 1.9 P69P Biological control of postharvest diseases of grape,
 peach, and apple with the yeasts Kloeckera apiculata and Candida
 guilliermondii.
 McLaughlin, R.J.; Wilson, C.L.; Droby, S.; Ben-Arie, R.; Chalutz,
 E. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 May.
 Plant disease v. 76 (5): p. 470-473; 1992 May.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Grapes; Apples; Peaches; Postharvest decay; Disease
 control; Biological control; Yeasts; Candida guilliermondii;
 Calcium chloride
 
 
 36                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Biological control of postharvest diseases of pome
 fruits.
 Janisiewicz, W.; Roitman, J.; Machoney, N.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 49-59; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pome fruits; Postharvest decay; Biological control
 
 
 37                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.A1I66 Biological control of postharvest fruit disease.
 Quarles, W.
 Berkeley, Calif. : Bio-Integral Resource Center; 1993 May.
 The IPM practitioner v. 15 (5/6): p. 1-11; 1993 May.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit; Postharvest decay; Biological control;
 Beneficial organisms; Integrated pest management; Fungicidal
 properties
 
 
 38                                             NAL Call. No.:
 SB945.F8F76 1993 Biological control of tephritid fruit flies by
 inundative releases of natural enemies.
 Gingrich, R.E.
 New York : Springer-Verlag; 1993.
 Fruit flies : biology and management / Martin Aluja, Pablo Liedo,
 editors. p. 311-318; 1993.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tephritidae; Biological control; Natural enemies
 
 
 39                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 420 F662 Biological control of the Caribbean fruit fly
 (Diptera: Tephritidae). Baranowski, R.; Glenn, H.; Sivinski, J.
 Winter Haven, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society; 1993 Jun.
 Florida entomologist v. 76 (2): p. 245-251; 1993 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Anastrepha suspensa; Biological control;
 Hymenoptera; Parasites of insect pests; Plant pests
 
 
 40                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.A1P3 Biological control of the fruit tree mealybug
 Rastrococcus invadens Williams in Togo: a preliminary sociological
 and economic evaluation.
 Vogele, J.M.; Agounke, D.; Moore, D.
 London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Oct.
 Tropical pest management v. 37 (4): p. 379-382; 1991 Oct.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: West  Africa; Rastrococcus invadens; Introduced
 species; Biological control; Fungus control; Gyranusoidea tebygi;
 Parasites of insect pests; Socioeconomic status; Cost effectiveness
 analysis
 
 
 41                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: S481.R4 Biological control of the mango shoot caterpillar on
 Guam.
 Nafus, D.M.
 Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture and
 Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension
 Service (134): p. 146-149; 1991 Dec.  Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP
 Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Guam; Mangifera indica; Penicillaria; Parasites of
 insect pests; Biological control; Pests
 
 
 42                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Biological control of the Mediterranean fruit fly in the
 United States and Central America.
 Gilstrap, F.E.; Hart, W.G.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1987 Mar.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (56): 68 p.; 1987 Mar.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Costa Rica; Fruit crops; Vegetables;
 Tephritidae; History; Geographical distribution; Biological
 control; Biological control agents; Parasites of insect pests;
 Introduced species; Projects
 
 
 43                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: QH301.A76 Biological control of the potato cyst nematode using
 paraistic fungi. Crump, D.H.; Flynn, C.A.
 Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists;
 1992. Aspects of applied biology (33): p. 161-165; 1992.  In the
 series analytic: Production and protection of potatoes / edited by
 S.F.L. Ball et al.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: England; Northern ireland; Scotland; Solanum
 tuberosum; Globodera pallida; Globodera rostochiensis; Plant
 parasitic nematodes; Biological control; Nematode control;
 Nematophagous fungi
 
 
 44                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Biological control Penicillaria jocosatrix (Lepidoptera:
 Noctuidae) on mango on Guam with notes on the biology of its
 parasitoids.
 Nafus, D.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (6): p. 1725-1731; 1991 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Guam; Mangifera indica; Penicillaria; Aleiodes;
 Euplectrus; Blepharella lateralis; Parasitoids; Biological control
 agents
 
 Abstract:  Penicillaria jocosatrix Guenee consumes new leaves,
 flowers, and fruits of mango and has been a serious pest on Guam.
 Before 1986, few natural enemies were present and there were no
 parasitoids attacking the larvae. In 1986, a program was initiated
 to introduce larval parasitoids. The wasps Aleiodes sp. and
 Euplectrus sp. and the fly Blepharella lateralis Macquart were
 released. Aleiodes sp. did not establish, but Euplectrus sp. and B.
 lateralis did. Populations of the mango shoot caterpillar fell to
 25% of their prerelease levels. Parasitization rates ranged from 20
 to 99%. Euplectrus sp. was the most abundant parasitoid. It
 parasitized all instars, but was more common on second and third
 instars. More eggs were laid on older instars of the caterpillar.
 Euplectrus sp. was more abundant in the dry season whereas B.
 lateralis was more common in the wet season. Fruit production on
 monitored trees increased significantly after the parasitoids
 became effective.
 
 
 45                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QD415.A1J6 Biological evidence of an oviposition-deterring
 pheromone in Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. (Lepidoptera,
 Tortricidae).
 Gabel, B.; Thiery, D.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992 Mar.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (3): p. 353-358; 1992 Mar. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lobesia botrana; Oviposition deterring pheromones;
 Ova; Semiochemicals; Bioassays; Extracts; Oviposition; Inhibition;
 Insect control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  Females of the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana
 Den. et Schiff.) usually deposit isolated eggs on flowers and
 berries of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). We have investigated
 whether an epideictic pheromone could be present on the egg surface
 to explain this spacing behavior. About 21,000 eggs of L. botrana
 were washed in cold methanol, and the biological activity was
 tested in a two-choice bioassay offering treated and nontreated
 areas. Different dilutions of the extract were tested in methanol,
 which was inactive alone. At the dose of four egg equivalents per
 microliter of extract, the number of eggs laid by the L. botrana
 females was reduced by as much as 57% on the treated areas compared
 to nontreated areas. A longer-term suppression of oviposition (at
 least 24 hr) following an exposure to the extract occurred for two
 doses (0.6 and 4.0 eggs/microliter) of egg extract. Our results
 strongly suggest the occurrence of an oviposition-deterring
 pheromone (ODP) on the eggs of L. botrana. The ecological value of
 these results is discussed.
 
 
 46                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: QL461.I57 Biological methods of bruchid control in the
 tropics: a review. Huis, A. van
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Jun.
 Insect science and its application v. 12 (1/3): p. 87-102; 1991
 Jun. Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Legumes; Stored products; Bruchidae; Biological
 control; Cultural control; Genetic control; Integrated pest
 management; Physical control; Varietal resistance; Literature
 reviews; Tropics
 
 Abstract:  Bruchid beetles cause high losses of stored legumes in
 the tropics. Chemical control is inappropriate for the small scale
 farmer and the use of alternative measures should be encouraged.
 Different biological methods of control such as cultural, physical,
 varietal, biological, biorational and genetic control are reviewed.
 Cultural control techniques such as timely and frequent harvesting,
 legumes planted away from granaries, crop hygiene and storage in
 pods, are within the technical and financial means of the small
 scale farmer. The use of inert substances, vegetable oils and
 repellent plants may be cheap and effective if properly managed.
 The use of controlled atmosphere, vacuum, heating, cooling and
 sterilizing, requires relatively advanced techniques. Growth
 regulators and pheromones are currently not available for control.
 Varieties resistant to bruchids have been identified, but
 incorporation of resistance into suitable varieties has proven to
 be difficult. Biological control of bruchids should receive more
 attention in particular research on the introduction and
 conservation of natural enemies. To effectively implement control
 measures at farmer's level socio-economic and cultural aspects
 should be taken into account. Proven appropriate techniques should
 be combined in an overall integrated pest management strategy.
 
 
 47                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: SB476.G7 Biological turf disease control.
 Burpee, L.
 Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1991 Apr.
 Grounds maintenance v. 26 (4): p. 44, 78, 80; 1991 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Plant disease control; Biological
 control
 
 
 48                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: S481.R4 Biology and natural enemies of the fruit-piercing moth
 Othreis fullonia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Guam.
 Denton, G.R.W.; Muniappan, R.; Marutani, M.; McConnell, J.; Lali,
 T.S. Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture and
 Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension
 Service (134): p. 150-154; 1991 Dec.  Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP
 Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Guam; Fruit crops; Eudocima fullonia; Biological
 control; Parasites of insect pests; Introduced species
 
 
 49                                              NAL Call. No.:
 SB945.F8F7 1989 Biotechnical methods for the fruit fly control.
 Delrio, G.
 Rotterdam : Published for the Commission of the European
 Communities by A.A. Balkema; 1989.
 Fruit flies of economic importance 87 : proceedings of the CEC/IOBC
 International Symposium, Rome 7-10, April 1987 / edited by R.
 Cavalloro. p. 359-372; 1989. (EUR).  Literature review.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tephritidae; Biotechnology; Integrated pest
 management; Plant pests; Literature reviews
 
 
 50                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.A1I66 Botanical pesticides in Africa.
 Grossman, J.
 Berkeley, Calif. : Bio-Integral Resource Center; 1993 Jan.
 The IPM practitioner v. 15 (1): p. 1-9; 1993 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Africa; Botanical insecticides; Integrated pest
 management; Pyrethrins; Eugenol; Pesticides; Environmental impact;
 Citral; Intercropping; Fungicides; Herbicides; International
 organizations; Sustainability
 
 
 51                                                NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.2.A1J58 Can we maintain turf without synthetic chemicals?.
 Cook, T.
 Eugene, Or. : The Coalition; 1992.
 Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of the Northwest
 Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides v. 12 (2): p. 26-30; 1992. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Weed control; Chemical control;
 Fertilizers; Biological control
 
 
 52                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N6N62 Carolina lawns.
 Bruneau, A.H.; Lewis, W.M.; Lucas, L.T.; Brandenburg, R.L.; Baird,
 J.V.; Powell, M.A.; DiPaola, J.M.; Peacock, C.; White, R.
 Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1992 Apr.
 AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina
 State University v.): 14 p.; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North Carolina; Lawns and turf; Site preparation;
 Grasses; Fertilizers; Planting; Irrigation; Mowing; Integrated pest
 management
 
 
 53                                               NAL Call. No.:
 SB433.34.V8V47 Changes in the lawn care industry.
 Roche, J.
 Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Cooperative Extension Service; 1991 Dec.
 Proceedings - Virginia Turfgrass Landscape Conference (31st): p.
 33-37; 1991 Dec.  Meeting held on January 14-17, 1991, Richmond,
 Virginia.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Virginia; Lawns and turf; Legislation; Environmental
 protection; Integrated pest management
 
 
 54                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Characterization of postharvest biological control of
 deciduous fruit diseases by Crytococcus spp.
 Roberts, R.G.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 37-48; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tree fruits; Postharvest decay; Biological control;
 Cryptococcus laurentii; Cryptococcus (deuteromycotina);
 Cryptococcus albidus
 
 
 55                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 448.3 AP5 Characterization of two genes encoding Bacillus
 thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins toxin to Coleoptera
 species.
 Donovan, W.P.; Rupar, M.J.; Slaney, A.C.; Malvar, T.; Gawron-Burke,
 M.C.; Johnson, T.B.
 Washington, D.C. : American Society f Microbiology; 1992 Dec.
 Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (12): p. 3921-3927;
 1992 Dec. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis; Strains; Genes; Proteins;
 Toxicity; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences; Coleoptera;
 Biological control; Entomopathogenic bacteria
 
 Abstract:  Bacillus thuringiensis EG2838 and EG4961 are highly
 toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, and only strain EG4961 is
 toxic to southern corn rootworm larvae. To investigate the cause of
 the different insecticidal activities of EG2838 and EG4961, cryIII-
 type genes toxic to coleopterans were cloned from each strain. The
 cryIIIB gene, cloned as part of an 8.0-kb EcoRI fragment of EC2838
 DNA, encoded a crystal protein (CryIIIB) of 74,237 Da. The cryIIIB2
 gene, cloned as part of an 8.3-kb PstI-Asp718 fragment of EG4961
 DNA, encoded a crystal protein (CryIIIB2) of 74,393 Da that was 94%
 identical to CryIIIB. Analysis of the transcriptional start sites
 showed that cryIIIB and cryIIIB2 were initiated from a conserved
 region located within 130 nucleotides upstream from the translation
 start sites of both genes. Although the CryIIIB and CryIIIB2
 proteins were similar in sequence, they displayed distinct
 insecticidal activities: CryIIIB was one-third as toxic as CryIIIB2
 to Colorado potato beetle larvae, and CryIIIB2, but not CryIIIB,
 was toxic to southern corn rootworm larvae. Genes encoding crystal
 proteins of approximately 32 and 31 kDa were located adjacent to
 the cryIIIB and cryIIIB2 genes, respectively. The 32- and 31-kDa
 crystal proteins failed to enhance the insecticidal activities of
 CryIIIB and CryIIIB2.
 
 
 56                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QD415.A1J6 Chemical characterization of fruit and fungal volatiles
 attractive to dried-fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus (L.)
 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Phelan, P.L.; Lin, H.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jun.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (6): p. 1253-1272; 1991 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Carpophilus hemipterus; Searching behavior; Bioassays;
 Insect traps; Bananas; Chemical composition; Volatile compounds;
 Fungi; Wind tunnels; Insect control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  The chemical basis underlying orientation to fruit and
 fungal odors was investigated for the dried-fruit beetle,
 Carpophilus hemipterus (L.). in wind-tunnel bioassays of walking
 and flight response from 1.8 m, beetles were attracted to odors of
 the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on agar, aseptic banana, or
 banana inoculated with S. cerevisiae, although both banana
 substrates elicited greater response than the yeast alone. When
 presented in a two-choice bioassay, the yeast-inoculated banana
 attracted approximately twice as many beetles as did the aseptic
 banana. GC-MS analysis of the head-space volatiles above these odor
 sources revealed a somewhat more complex and concentrated volatile
 profile for yeast-inoculated banana than for aseptic banana. The
 odor from yeast on agar had fewer components, and these were
 present at lower concentrations than the odors of either banana
 substrate. By blending mineral-oil or aqueous solutions of the 18
 components of inoculated-banana odor in varying concentrations, it
 was possible to mimic closely the headspace profile of the natural
 odor. This synthetic odor also elicited beetle attraction in the
 wind tunnel at levels comparable to the inoculated banana. Through
 a series of bioassays in which individual components were
 subtracted from or added to a synthetic odor blend, it was
 determined that ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, 2-pentanol, and 3-
 methylbutanol comprised the simplest blend of compounds evoking
 full behavioral response. However, 2-methylpropanol or butanol were
 apparently interchangeable with 3-methylbutanol in this blend, and
 comparable response could also be elicited by replacing
 acetaldehyde with a combination of both 2-pentanone and 3-
 hydroxy-2-butanone. Thus, our results suggest that this generalist
 insect herbivore locates its host by a long-range response to a
 variety of blends of common fruit volatiles, whose concentrations
 are enhanced by fungi.
 
 
 57                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N7N45 Chinese wasp offers first biological control of corn's
 worst enemy. Holder, W.
 Belmont, N.Y. : Cooperative Extension Association of Allegany
 County; 1992 May. News and views v. 77 (4): p. 4; 1992 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: New York; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Trichogramma
 ostriniae; Pest control; Integrated pest management
 
 
 58                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Citrus bud mite.
 Phillips, P.A.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1993 Feb. California grower v. 17 (2): p. 26-28; 1993 Feb.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Citrus limon; Aceria sheldoni; Mite
 control; Pesticides; Biological control; Crop damage; Field tests;
 Abscission; Crop yield; Crop quality; Buds; Sampling; Cost benefit
 analysis
 
 
 59                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Citrus IMP--it works!.
 Luck, R.F.; Morse, J.G.; Haney, P.B.; Griffiths, H.J.; Barcinas,
 J.M.; Roberts, T.J.; Grafton-Cardwell, E.E.; O'Connell, N.V.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1992 Apr. California grower v. 16 (4): p. 25-27; 1992 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Citrus; Citrus fruits; Integrated pest
 management; Insect pests; Insect control; Pesticides
 
 
 60                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
 consumption of foliage treated with Bacillus thuringiensis var. san
 diego and various feeding stimulants.
 Hough-Goldstein, J.; Tisler, A.M.; Zehnder, G.W.; Uyeda, K.A.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (1): p. 87-93; 1991 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Delaware; Virginia; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata; Feeding behavior; Phagostimulants; Bacillus
 thuringiensis; Biological control agents; Field tests; Laboratory
 tests
 
 Abstract:  Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say),
 larvae and adults were not behaviorally deterred from, and in some
 cases may have been stimulated to increase, feeding initially by
 the presence of M-One (Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego) on
 foliage. However, consumption of M-One caused a decrease in
 subsequent consumption even of untreated foliage. Although certain
 feeding stimulants including sucrose, Coax, Entice, and a mixture
 of sucrose, amino acids, chlorogenic acid, and vegetable lecithin
 all stimulated feeding on foliage in laboratory tests either with
 or without M-One, this increased consumption did not increase
 subsequent mortality due to M-One. In a field experiment, increased
 consumption may have occurred where M-One was combined with Entice,
 but not to an extent sufficient to cause mortality greater than
 that on M-One alone.
 
 
 61                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 OK41C Commercial greenhouse pests.
 Schnelle, M.A.; Dole, J.M.; Pinkston, K.N.; Arnold, D.C.
 Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension
 Service (909): 8 p.; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Greenhouse culture; Pests; Insects; Insect pests;
 Integrated pest management
 
 
 62                                                NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 N272EX A common sense approach to turfgrass insect damage
 prevention and control. Bruneau, A.H.; Bishop, D.; Shearman, R.C.;
 Rosellle, R.E.
 Lincoln, Neb. : The Service; 1981 Feb.
 EC - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Nebraska
 (81-1238): 34 p.; 1981 Feb.  In Subseries: Integrated Pest
 Management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Grasses; Integrated pest management;
 Insect control
 
 
 63                                        NAL Call. No.:
 Videocassette no.1177 Common sense pest control for the home &
 garden..  Common sense pest control Bio Integral Resource Center
 (Berkeley, Calif.)
 Berkeley, CA : Distributed by Bio Integral Resource Center, [198-
 ?]; 1980-1989.
 1 videocassette (11 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  "Slide to tape
 transfer"--Container.  Title on container: Common sense pest
 control.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pesticides; Pests; Garden pests
 
 Abstract:  Presents and discusses the components of an integrated
 pest management program for homes and gardens such as when, where,
 and how to look for pests in a garden and how to control them using
 alternatives to pesticides as well as safely using pesticides.
 
 
 64                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 442.8 AN72 Comparative effects of Steinernema feltiae (Nematoda:
 Steinernematidae) and insecticides on yield and cropping of the
 mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Grewal, P.S.; Richardson, P.N.;
 Collins, G.; Edmondson, R.N. Warwick : Association of Applied
 Biologists; 1992 Dec.
 Annals of applied biology v. 121 (3): p. 511-520; 1992 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Agaricus bisporus; Lycoriella auripila; Neoaplectana
 feltiae; Parasites of insect pests; Biological control; Diazinon;
 Diflubenzuron; Application rates; Casing; Phytotoxicity; Fungal
 morphology; Crop quality; Crop yield; Yield losses
 
 
 65                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Compatibility of biocontrol agents with present
 processing technology. Spotts, R.A.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 214-217; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Postharvest decay; Biological control; Food processing
 
 
 66                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 A computer aid for decision-making in apple pest
 management. Haley, S.; Currans, K.G.; Croft, B.A.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Jul. Acta horticulturae (276): p. 27-34; 1990 Jul.  Paper presented
 at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in
 Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5-8, 1989, Logan,
 Utah.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North America; Apples; Pest management; Expert systems
 
 Abstract:  Our computer program is designed to help tree fruit pest
 managers make decisions on management of three major apple pests in
 western North America, codling moth, San Jose scale and
 phytophagous mites. The program operates on an IBM-compatible
 microcomputer and uses commercial expert system, database
 management and spreadsheet software. The system has three major
 components: DIAGNOSE, IDENTIFY and MANAGE. DIAGNOSE identifies
 pests from the injury they cause on buds, fruit, leaves or bark.
 IDENTIFY determines names of arthropod pests and their common
 natural enemies found on trees or fruit or in pheromone traps.
 MANAGE, the largest module, calculates the net benefit of a
 pesticide application. Submodels predict crop value, pest damage,
 control efficacy and control costs. Pest damage predictions are
 based on empirical models for codling moth and mites and on an
 expert estimate for scale. Efficacies of pesticides are estimated
 by experienced researchers. The program predicts the combined value
 at harvest of damage from accumulated populations of those pests
 selected by the user. Then a list of appropriate pesticides is
 presented. Next, the net benefit of an application of the user's
 choice of pesticide is calculated. Finally, the user may
 graphically compare side effects of the pesticide selected with
 those of alternative pesticides. Side effects include toxicities to
 other pests, applicator hazard, bee toxicity, toxicity to western
 predator mite and risk of resistance development.
 
 
 67                                               NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.S83 1993 Consumer influences on pest control strategies for
 fruits and vegetables. Cartwright, B.; Collins, J.K.; Cuperus, G.W.
 Boca Raton, Fla. : Lewis Publishers; 1993.
 Successful implementation of integrated pest management for
 agricultural crops / edited by Anne R. Leslie, Gerrit W. Cuperus.
 p. 151-170; 1993.  Paper presented at the National Forum on
 Agricultural IPM held June 17-19, 1992 in Arlington, VA., organized
 by the Environmental Chemistry Division, American Chemical Society. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Fruit crops; Vegetables; Pest control; Control
 programs; Consumer attitudes
 
 
 68                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Control of army cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
 affects wheat yields. Bauernfeind, R.J.; Wilde, G.E.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (1): p. 159-163; 1993 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kansas; Triticum; Euxoa auxiliaris; Biological
 control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Insect control; Mortality;
 Pyrethroid insecticides; Crop yield
 
 Abstract:  Several pyrethroid insecticides provided nearly 100%
 mortality of army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote), populations
 under field conditions in central Kansas. Performances of
 endosulfan and chlorpyrifos were variable, but they displayed
 adequate insecticidal activity against army cutworms. Bacillus
 thuringiensis var. kurstaki, carbofuran, ethyl parathion,
 malathion, and methyl parathion did not provide satisfactory
 control. Variation in vegetative growth and eventual wheat yields
 were not caused solely by larval populations of army cutworms.
 Moisture availability favoring vigorous plant growth was an
 important factor for plants to withstand army cutworm feeding. Use
 of insecticides to control army cutworms was found to be of
 variable profitability depending on the circumstances.
 
 
 69                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 1.9 P69P Control of green mold of lemons with Pseudomonas
 species.
 Smilanick, J.L.; Denis-Arrue, R.
 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 May.
 Plant disease v. 76 (5): p. 481-485; 1992 May.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lemons; Penicillium digitatum; Plant pathogenic fungi;
 Postharvest decay; Biological control; Pseudomonas cepacia;
 Antibiotics; Biosynthesis; Antifungal properties
 
 
 70                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 442.8 AN72 Control of potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) by
 host plant resistance and nematicide.
 Gurr, G.M.
 Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Aug.
 Annals of applied biology v. 121 (1): p. 167-173; 1992 Aug. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: England; Solanum tuberosum; Cultivars; Clones;
 Globodera pallida; Aldicarb; Varietal susceptibility; Varietal
 resistance; Host parasite relationships; Nematode control;
 Integrated pest management
 
 
 71                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Control of powdery mildews in cucumber and rose by
 Stephanoascus spp. Jarvis, W.R.; Belanger, R.R.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 86-99; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cucumbers; Roses; Postharvest decay; Sphaerotheca
 fuliginea; Sphaerotheca pannosa; Biological control; Ascomycetes
 
 
 72                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 1.9 P69P Control of storage rots on various pear cultivars
 with saprophytic strain of Pseudomonas syringae.
 Janisiewicz, W.J.; Marchi, A.
 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 Jun.
 Plant disease v. 76 (6): p. 555-560; 1992 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pears; Cultivars; Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium
 expansum; Fruit rots; Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans; Fungal
 antagonists; Saprophytes; Biological control agents; Fungus
 control; Storage decay; Injuries; Temperature; Storage dips;
 Inoculum density; Varietal reactions; Virulence; Incidence;
 Lesions; Temporal variation; Population density
 
 
 73                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Cover crops.
 McMullin, E.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1992 Apr. California grower v. 16 (9): p. 43-44; 1992 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Citrus oblonga; Cover crops; Biological
 control; Cold injury; Transpiration; Soil texture; Nitrogen; Weed
 control; Cost benefit analysis; Water requirements; Erosion
 control; Irrigation systems
 
 
 74                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Degree-day model for vegetable leafminer (Diptera:
 Agromyzidae) phenology. Petitt, F.L.; Allen, J.C.; Barfield, C.S.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Aug.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (4): p. 1134-1140; 1991 Aug. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Phaseolus lunatus; Liriomyza sativae; Biological
 development; Temperature; Heat sums; Phenology; Models
 
 Abstract:  The lack of data on temperature-dependent development of
 instars of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is an impediment to research
 on biological control of this pest because parasitoids will likely
 interact differently with each instar. In this study, development
 times of eggs and instars of L. sativae were determined at constant
 temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35 +/- 1 degree C on Phaseolus
 lunatus L. 'Henderson'. Development rates of eggs and larvae
 increased linearly with temperature up to 35 degrees C (r2 greater
 than or equal to 0.95). More than 91% of the variation in
 development rate of first and second instars was explained by
 temperature, whereas temperature explained only 42% of the
 variation in third-instar development rate. A part of the variation
 in development rate of third instars may be explained by the fact
 that the designated end point of this stadium (emergence of third
 instars from leaves) occurred only during the photophase, Overall,
 99.9% of larvae emerged from leaves after 95 degree-days (DD)
 (threshold temperature, 10 degrees C). When the constant
 temperature data were used to parameterize a stochastic phenology
 model for L. sativae, the model predicted that 50% of the
 population would advance beyond the egg and first-, second-, and
 third-instar stages by 39.2, 67.0, 85.5, and 101.2 DD,
 respectively. The model predicted peak proportions of the
 population to be in first, second, and third stadia at 52.7, 76.1,
 and 93.2 DD. Pooled data from two fluctuating temperature
 experiments resulted in very similar estimates of timing of peak
 stage proportions (51.3, 74.4, and 94.1 DD, respectively). Degree-
 day values at peak stage proportions were used successfully to
 determine the temperatures required to advance members of a cohort
 to a particular stadium at a given time, thereby facilitating
 experiments examining interactions of parasitoids with each larval
 instar.
 
 
 75                                              NAL Call. No.:
 SB945.F8F7 1989 Demography and life tables of fruit flies.
 Kapatos, E.T.
 Rotterdam : Published for the Commission of the European
 Communities by A.A. Balkema; 1989.
 Fruit flies of economic importance 87 : proceedings of the CEC/IOBC
 International Symposium, Rome 7-10, April 1987 / edited by R.
 Cavalloro. p. 15-23; 1989. (EUR).  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bactrocera oleae; Rhagoletis cerasi; Rhagoletis
 pomonella; Demography; Ecology; Integrated pest management; Life
 tables; Problem analysis; Survival
 
 
 76                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: S601.A34 Determining optimal clearing treatments for the alien
 invasive shrub Acacia saligna in southwestern Cape, South Africa.
 Macdonald, I.A.W.; Wissel, C.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Apr.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 39 (3/4): p. 169-186;
 1992 Apr. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South  Africa; Acacia saligna; Non-crop weed control;
 Scrub control; Chemical vs. cultural weed control; Manual weed
 control; Arboricides; Glyphosate; Triclopyr; Population density;
 Stand density; Integrated control; Cutting; Coppice; Coppicing;
 Fire; Survival; Labor costs; Operating costs; Probabilistic models
 
 
 77                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 464.8 AN72 Development, implementation, and adoption of expert
 systems in plant pathology.
 Travis, J.W.; Latin, R.X.
 Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1991.
 Annual review of phytopathology v. 29: p. 343-360; 1991. 
 Literature review. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Plant pathology; Plant protection; Integrated pest
 management; Decision making; Computer software; Expert systems;
 Literature reviews; Disease models
 
 
 78                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 SB387.V572 Development of an IPM program for Florida grapes: a
 beginning. Webb, S.E.
 Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida A&M; University, Center for Viticultural
 Science and Small Farm; 1991.
 Proceedings of the Florida Grape Conference. p. 21-23; 1991. 
 Meeting held October 25-26, 1991, Ocala, Florida.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Vineyards; Vitis; Vitacea polistiformis;
 Integrated pest management
 
 
 79                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB951.P47 Development of integrated crop protection in
 glasshouse ornamentals. Fransen, J.J.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
 Pesticide science v. 36 (4): p. 329-333; 1992.  Paper presented at
 the symposium "Integrated Control of Pests and Diseases in
 Protected Crops and Greenhouses," May 19-20, 1992, Noordwijkerhout,
 The Netherlands.  Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Netherlands; Ornamental plants; Greenhouse culture;
 Integrated control; Plant protection; Disease control; Natural
 enemies; Pesticides; Pest resistance; Insect pests; Research;
 Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  The production of glasshouse ornamentals in the
 Netherlands occupies an area of 5278 ha. The total production value
 is 5.76 billion Dutch guilders. A characteristic of the Dutch
 ornamental industry is the wide range of products. About 110
 species of cut flower and 300 species of pot plant are grown.
 Reduction of pesticide use can be achieved by the development of
 alternative and additional methods, like the use of monitoring
 techniques, natural enemies, host-plant resistance and closed
 systems. Information is presented referring to developments in
 research, extension and practical application of these methods.
 
 
 80                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: 421 B87 Developmental studies on Anagyrus mangicola
 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mealybug
 Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Cross, A.E.;
 Moore, D.
 London : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International; 1992 Sep.
 Bulletin of entomological research v. 82 (3): p. 307-312; 1992 Sep. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: West  Africa; Fruit crops; Ornamental woody plants;
 Rastrococcus invadens; Biological control; Anagyrus; Parasites of
 insect pests
 
 
 81                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: SB925.B5 Distribution and biological control significance of
 Colorado potato beetle spiroplasmas in North America.
 Hackett, K.J.; Henegar, R.B.; Whitcomb, R.F.; Lynn, D.E.; Konal,
 M.; Schroder, R.F.; Gasparich, G.E.; Vaughn, J.L.; Cantelo, W.W.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Sep.
 Biological control v. 2 (3): p. 218-225; 1992 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Leptinotarsa;
 Chrysomelidae; Spiroplasma; Species diversity; Geographical
 distribution; Culture media; Adaptation; Biological control agents
 
 
 82                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.A1P3 Distribution, biology, ecology and management of potato
 tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera:
 Gelechiidae): a review. Trivedi, T.P.; Rajagopal, D.
 London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Jul.
 Tropical pest management v. 38 (3): p. 279-285; 1992 Jul. 
 Literature review. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: India; Solanum tuberosum; Tubers; Crop damage;
 Phthorimaea operculella; Biology; Ecology; Biological control;
 Chemical control; Parasites of insect pests; Literature reviews
 
 
 83                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Diversity and abundance of oriental fruit fly
 parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in guava orchards in Kauai,
 Hawaii.
 Stark, J.D.; Vargas, R.I.; Thalman, R.K.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (5): p. 1460-1467; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Psidium guajava; Bactrocera dorsalis;
 Biological control; Incidence; Biosteres; Biosteres arisanus;
 Biosteres longicaudatus; Opius; Parasites of insect pests;
 Population dynamics; Sex ratio; Diversity; Crop yield
 
 Abstract:  Abundance of oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel,
 and associated parasitoids was determined in a commercial guava,
 Psidium guajava L., orchard by canopy fogging and fruit collections
 during 1988 and 1989. D. dorsalis populations reached a maximum of
 2.6 adults per tree in 1988 and 1.4 adults per tree in 1989. Four
 parasitoid species were recovered from guava tree canopies;
 Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) was the most abundant species, followed
 by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), Psyttalia incisi
 (Silvestri), and Biosteres vandenboschi (Fullaway), respectively.
 D. dorsaits and parasitoids recovered from guava canopies exhibited
 different sex ratios from populations that emerged from fruit
 samples. Abundance gf D. dorsalis and its parasitoids was
 correlated with the number of ripe fruit present in the orchard.
 Parasitoid abundance was correlated with D. dorsalis abundance in
 1988. Diversity and abundance of parasitoids estimated from canopy
 fogging and fruit collections differed.
 
 
 84                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N7S3 Do you have grubby turf?.
 Grant, J.A.
 Canton, N.Y. : Agricultural Division, St. Lawrence County
 Cooperative Extension Association; 1992 Jul.
 St. Lawrence County agricultural news v. 76: p. 8-9; 1992 Jul.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: New York; Lawns and turf; Coleoptera; Larvae; Pest
 control; Biological control agents; Pesticides
 
 
 85                     NAL Call. No.: HD1751.A1S73 no.SP92-1U100
 F637fs SP92-1 Economic feasibility of the biological control of the
 sweet potato whitefly. Nubern, Chris; Kilmer, Richard L.
 Gainesville : Food and Resource Economics Dept., Institute of Food
 and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida,; 1992.
 27 p. ; 28 cm. (Staff paper (University of Florida. Food and
 Resource Economics Dept.) ; SP 92-1.).  January 1992.  Includes
 bibliographical references (p. 26-27).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sweet potatoes; Agricultural pests
 
 
 86                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Effect of citrus bud mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) on
 lemon yields. Walker, G.P.; Voulgaropoulos, A.L.; Phillips, P.A.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (4): p. 1318-1329; 1992 Aug. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Citrus limon; Aceria sheldoni; Crop
 quality; Crop yield; Economic thresholds; Integrated pest
 management
 
 Abstract:  The effect of high population densities of citrus bud
 mite, Aceria sheldoni (Ewing), on the quantity and quality of lemon
 yields was studied for 4 yr in four commercial groves in coastal
 southern California. There were two treatments in each grove:
 treated plots where bud mite was suppressed with acaricide
 treatments whenever infestation levels increased markedly, and
 untreated plots where bud mite was not controlled. Average
 percentage of axillary buds infested with citrus bud mite was 7-15%
 in treated plots and 45-70% in untreated plots over the 4-yr
 period. Citrus bud mite feeding results in distortion of fruit
 shape which can result in commercial downgrading. Citrus bud mite
 control significantly reduced fruit distortion in all four groves
 and significantly improved commercial packout in three of the four
 groves. However, significantly less distortion in fruit was not
 detected in treated trees until harvests greater than or equal to
 10-13 mo after the initial acaricide treatment (lemons in coastal
 California are harvested three or four times per year). This
 supports the hypothesis that distortion in fruit is caused by
 citrus bud mite feeding on embryonic fruit tissue in the buds; once
 fruit set, they are unaffected by further citrus bud mite feeding.
 Up to 21 mo after the first acaricide treatments, the cumulative
 yield did not differ significantly between treated and untreated
 plots. In two of the four groves, in the eight harvests between 24
 and 48 mo after the first acaricide treatments, the cumulative
 yield was often significantly greater (9-13% greater) from treated
 than from untreated trees. The other two groves showed no
 significant differences in cumulative yield between treated and
 untreated trees up to the time of the last harvest (28 and 49 mo
 after the first acaricide treatment). In two groves, economic loss
 justified the cost of bud mite suppression, and in two groves, the
 cost of suppression exceeded the economic benefit of suppression.
 
 
 87                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Effect of cyromazine and diazinon on three
 economically important Hawaiian tephritid fruit flies (Diptera:
 Tephritidae) and their endoparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
 Stark, J.D.; Vargas, R.I.; Messing, R.H.; Purcell, M.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1687-1694; 1992 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Bactrocera dorsalis;
 Ceratitis capitata; Fecundity; Fertility; Progeny; Survival;
 Cyromazine; Diazinon; Braconidae; Parasites of insect pests
 
 Abstract:  Effects of cyromazine and diazinon on eclosion,
 longevity, and reproduction of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis
 capitata (Wiedemann); oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
 (Hendel); and melon fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillett), were
 determined. Eclosion and longevity of the braconid endoparasitoids
 Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri), P. fletcheri (Silvestri),
 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), and D. tryoni (Cameron) and
 the reproduction of D. longicaudata and D. tryoni that parasitized
 fruit flies exposed to cyromazine and diazinon were also
 determined. Formation of puparia was not affected by cyromazine but
 was affected by diazinon in a concentration-dependent manner at the
 concentrations tested. At LC50 B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae were
 more susceptible to cyromazine than to diazinon; C. capitata was
 equally susceptible to both chemicals. Eclosion of endoparasitoids
 from diazinon-treated hosts was concentration-dependent, but
 parasitoid eclosion from cyromazine-treated hosts was not
 significantly different from that of controls. Fecundity and
 fertility of B. cucurbitae were significantly reduced in females
 that survived treatment with 0.5 ppm cyromazine. Production of F1
 progeny by D. tryoni that eclosed from flies exposed to 1.0 ppm
 diazinon was significantly reduced. Cyromazine had no impact on
 progeny production of either D. longicaudata or D. tryoni at the
 concentrations tested. Potential use of cyromazine in conjunction
 with biological control for fruit fly eradication and control
 programs is discussed.
 
 
 88                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Effect of host fruit species, size, and color on
 parasitization of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) by
 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
 Leyva, J.L.; Browning, H.W.; Gilstrap, F.E.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1469-1471; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Citrus; Mangifera indica; Prunus persica; Anastrepha
 ludens; Braconidae; Fruit; Size; Color; Parasites of insect pests;
 Parasitoids; Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  The effect of fruit species on parasitization of
 Anastrepha ludens (Loew) by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)
 was studied. The roles of fermenting fruit volatiles, size, and
 color in host habitat selection by this parasitoid also were
 investigated. The lowest percentage parasitism was recorded for
 larvae in grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macf. On the other hand,
 grapefruit volatiles and size proved most attractive to D.
 longicaudata. Greater percentage parasitism was recorded for larvae
 in smaller and apparently less attractive fruit. The length of the
 parasitoid's ovipositor, depth of the fruit pulp, and host larval
 behavior could explain these contrasting results. Citrus volatiles
 attracted almost twice as many female parasitoids as volatiles of
 mango, Mangifera indica L., or peach, Prunus persica L. Fruit > 5
 cm in diameter were equally attractive to D. longicaudata.
 Selection of colors by D. longicaudata was not statistically
 different among colors tested.
 
 
 89                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Effect of parasitoids on lepidopterous pests in
 insecticide-treated and untreated tomatoes in western North
 Carolina.
 Campbell, C.D.; Walgenbach, J.F.; Kennedy, G.G.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1662-1667; 1991 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North Carolina; Lycopersicon esculentum; Crop damage;
 Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Manduca; Trichoplusia ni;
 Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Parasites of insect
 pests; Trichogramma; Insecticidal action; Endosulfan; Methomyl
 
 Abstract:  Studies were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to identify the
 parastoid complex of lepidopterous pests of tomatoes in western
 North Carolina, and to assess the compatibility, of various
 insecticides with natural control of these pests. Trichogramma
 exiguum (Pinto & Platner) and T. pretiosum (Riley) were the primary
 egg parasitoids of Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea (Boddie) and
 Manduca spp. in 1988, whereas T. exiguum was the predominant
 species collected from H. zea and Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) in 1989.
 Parasitization of H. zea eggs on plants treated with endosulfan,
 methomyl, and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki did not
 differ significantly from the untreated control. However, egg
 densities were higher in synthetic insecticide treatments
 presumably because of disruption of predators in these treatments.
 Despite the low toxicity of esfenvalerate to Trichogramma spp. in
 laboratory bioassays, parasitization of H. zea and Heliothis
 virescens (F.) eggs in the field was significantly reduced on
 esfenvalerate-treated tomatoes. This decreased level of
 parasitization was attributed to an avoidance by Trichogramma spp,
 to pyrethroid insecticides, which was previously reported. Under
 the relatively low-density lepidopterous populations observed in
 these studies, the efficacy of specific insecticides against H. zea
 and T. ni was more important in preventing damage than the level of
 parasitization of these pests, because the treatment with the
 lowest level of parasitization (esfenvalerate + B. thuringiensis)
 had the lowest levels of fruit damage in both years.
 
 
 90                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: SB925.B5 Effect of potting media on the control of
 Otiorhynchus sulcatus larvae on outdoor strawberry plants using the
 entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae.
 Moorhouse, E.R.; Gillespie, A.T.; Charnley, A.K.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Sep.
 Biological control v. 2 (3): p. 238-243; 1992 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fragaria; Otiorhynchus sulcatus; Metarhizium
 anisopliae; Strains; Growing media; Biological control
 
 
 91                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Effect of ripeness and location of papaya fruits on the
 parasitization rates of oriental fruit fly and melon fly (Diptera:
 Tephritidae) by braconid (Hymenoptera) parasitoids.
 Liquido, N.J.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (6): p. 1732-1736; 1991 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Carica papaya; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera
 cucurbitae; Parasitoids; Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  Parasitization rates of eggs of oriental fruit fly,
 Dacus dorsalis Hendel, by Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), and larvae of
 melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, by Psytallia fletcheri
 (Silvestri) in mature green to fully ripe papaya fruits on trees
 and in fully ripe fruits on the ground was studied. Parasitization
 of oriental fruit fly eggs by B. arisanus was greater in fully ripe
 fruits than in one-quarter to half-ripe fruits on trees; B.
 arisanus never parasitized oriental fruit fly eggs in mature green
 to color-break fruits. No difference was observed in the density of
 emergent B. arisanus adults from oriental fruit fly pupae recovered
 from fully ripe fruits on trees and on the ground. Parasitization
 of melon fly larvae by P. fletcheri was observed in only one fully
 ripe, fallen fruit. Results in relation to the effect of host
 plants on the foraging behavior of adult parasitoids and to the
 biological control of oriental fruit fly and melon fly in an
 agricultural ecosystem were discussed.
 
 
 92                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QD415.A1J6 Effect of trichome B exudate of Solanum berthaultii
 Hawkes on consumption by the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata (Say). Pelletier, Y.; Smilowitz, Z.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 May.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (5): p. 1547-1555; 1990 May. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Solanum berthaultii; Trichomes; Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata; Plant composition; Antifeedants; Pest resistance;
 Insect control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  The leaf extract from S. berthaultii Hawkes (PI473340)
 contains exudate from trichomes (type B). Consumption of S.
 tuberosum var. Norchip foliage by the Colorado potato beetle
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) was reduced when treated with the
 leaf extract. The leaf extract from a resistant S. berthaultii
 clone without type B trichome had no antifeedant activity. It
 suggests that more than one mechanism of resistance to the Colorado
 potato beetle exists in S. berthaultii.
 
 
 93                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 100 C12CAG Effect on yield from shaking almond trees for mummy nut
 removal. Sibbett, G.S.; Curtis, C.E.; Gerdts, M.; Clark, J.D.
 Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
 University of California; 1983 Jul.
 California agriculture v. 37 (7/8): p. 20; 1983 Jul.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Prunus dulcis; Amyelois transitella;
 Integrated control; Tree shakers; Crop yield
 
 
 94                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 M36FA Effective lawn care with reduced pesticide and
 fertilizer use. Turner, T.R.; Hellman, J.L.
 College Park, Md. : The Service; 1991-1992.
 Fact sheet - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Maryland
 (637): 7 p.; 1991-1992.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Maryland; Lawns and turf; Site selection; Site
 preparation; Cultivars; Insect pests; Biological control;
 Fertilizers; Mowing; Grass clippings; Thatch; Irrigation; Disease
 control; Weed control
 
 
 95                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J828 Effectiveness of selected granular acaricide
 formulations in suppressing populations of Ixodes dammini (Acari:
 Ixodidae): short-term control of nymphs and larvae.
 Schulze, T.L.; Taylor, G.C.; Jordan, R.A.; Bosler, E.M.; Shisler,
 J.K. Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1991 Sep.
 Journal of medical entomology v. 28 (5): p. 624-629; 1991 Sep. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: New Jersey; Ixodes dammini; Larvae; Nymphs; Population
 density; Acaricides; Application methods; Granules; Incidence;
 Insect traps; Lyme disease; Mice
 
 Abstract:  Applications of selected granular acaricide formulations
 to the shrub layer of forested habitats during the peak activity
 periods of Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin
 nymphs and larvae significantly reduced the abundance of these
 stages on Peromyscus leucopus. The granules effectively penetrated
 growing vegetation and suppressed populations of subadult ticks
 questing in the leaf litter. The use of granular acaricide
 formulations provides the only documented method of control of
 free-living I. dammini nymphs and larvae in dense vegetation. As
 such, this technique will serve as a major component of any
 integrated control program against this vector tick species.
 
 
 96                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 442.8 AN72 The effects of deep cultivation and oxamyl on control of
 potato cyst-nematode, Globodera rostochiensis.
 Whitehead, A.G.; Nichols, A.J.F.
 Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb.
 Annals of applied biology v. 120 (1): p. 65-72; 1992 Feb.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uk; Solanum tuberosum; Cultivars; Globodera
 rostochiensis; Oxamyl; Deep tillage; Soil compaction; Sandy loam
 soils; Integrated control; Tubers; Crop yield
 
 
 97                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: S601.A34 Effects of different components of IPM in the
 management of the potato tuber moth, in storage.
 Das, G.P.; Magallona, E.D.; Raman, K.V.; Adalla, C.B.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Sep.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 41 (3/4): p. 321-325;
 1992 Sep. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Potatoes; Cultivars; Phthorimaea operculella; Insect
 pests; Stored products pests; Integrated pest management;
 Integrated control; Granulosis viruses; Deltamethrin; Bacillus
 thuringiensis; Lantana camara; Infestation; Varietal resistance
 
 
 98                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Effects of environment and nutrition on conidium
 germination and appressorium formation by Zoophthora radicans,
 (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales): A pathogen of the potato
 leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae).
 Magalhaes, B.P.; Humber, R.A.; Shields, E.J.; Roberts, D.W. Lanham,
 Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1460-1468; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Empoasca; Erynia radicans; Conidia; Germination;
 Appressoria; Temperature; Ph; Culture media; Biological control
 agents
 
 Abstract:  Conidium germination and differentiation of Zoophthora
 radicans on water agar were investigated to identify requirements
 for the production of appressoria, the structures needed for
 virulence. Appressorium formation was more sensitive to
 environmental and nutritional changes than was conidium
 germination. Temperature affected both formation of germ tubes and
 appressoria, and the best temperature-nutrient interaction was
 found for appressorium formation at 25-30 degrees C and 1% yeast
 extract. At 15 degrees C, conidium germination was depressed
 independent of the nutrient concentration, and appressoria did not
 form. The volume of liquid overlaying the conidia and the yeast
 extract concentration individually affected appressorium formation.
 The best interaction between the volume of liquid and yeast extract
 concentration was the combination of a large volume of liquid
 medium (3 ml/962 mm2 surface area) and 1% yeast extract. Of the 12
 nitrogen sources tested, the best for germination and appressorium
 formation were yeast extract and Bacto-Soytone. Glucose, maltose,
 and starch were the best of the 12 carbon sources tested.
 Increasing osmotic pressure caused by different concentrations of
 maltose and polyethylene glycol adversely affected formation of
 germ tubes and appressoria. Subculturing did not affect formation
 of germ tubes, but the frequency of appressorium formation
 decreased after 12 transfers. The best pH for appressorium
 formation was between 7.0 and 7.2. Z. radicans produced appressoria
 on cuticles of dead Empoasca fabae (Harris) nymphs at 25 degrees C
 in the dark.
 
 
 99                                                   NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Effects of neem seed extracts on tephritid fruit flies
 (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids in Hawaii.
 Stark, J.D.; Vargas, R.I.; Wong, T.Y.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1990 Nov.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (86): p. 106-112; 1990 Nov.  Paper presented at the USDA Neem
 Workshop, April 16-17, 1990, Beltsville, Maryland.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Ceratitis capitata; Bactrocera dorsalis;
 Bactrocera cucurbitae; Insect control; Neem seed extract; Parasites
 of insect pests; Adverse effects; Nontarget effects
 
 
 100                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Effects of sage brush removal and herbivory by mormon
 crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) on understory plant biomass
 and cover.
 Redak, R.A.; Capinera, J.L.; Bonham, C.D.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 94-102; 1992 Feb.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Colorado; Artemisia tridentata; Biological control;
 Brush control; Anabrus simplex; Biomass; Ecosystems; Ground cover
 plants; Rangelands; Undergrowth
 
 Abstract:  The effects of herbivory by the Mormon cricket, Anabrus
 simplex Haldeman (Orthoptera:Tettigoniidae), and removal of
 sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) on understory plant biomass
 production and cover were determined. Averaged over a 3-yr period,
 50-75% removal of sagebrush resulted in an approximately 20%
 increase in summer understory biomass production; understory plant
 cover was not affected by sagebrusb removal. Mormon crickets, at
 densities of four and eight crickets per square meter during a 5-wk
 period, did not significantly affect understory plant biomass
 production but did reduce forb and total vegetative cover. Mormon
 cricket herbivory and sagebrush removal were independent with
 respect to their effects on understory vegetation. Furthermore, the
 incomplete removal of sagebrush did not affect the feeding ecology
 of Mormon crickets. Analysis of cricket crop contents suggested
 that sagebrush was fed upon predominantly; there was little dietary
 overlap between crickets and cattle. As long as some sagebrush is
 left intact (e.g., 25%), sagebrush control programs are unlikely to
 influence Mormon cricket diet selection or damage potential. Cover
 estimates, which are commonly used by ranchers and rangeland
 managers to estimate forage availability, provide deceptive
 assessments of cricket effects, untimely perhaps leading to an
 undeserved reputation as a rangeland pest.
 
 
 101                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 421 R322AE Endovum puttleri (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), an
 introduced entomophage of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Ziskind, L.A.; Mityakina,
 O.N.
 New York, N.Y. : Scripta Publishing; 1991 Oct.
 Entomological review v. 70 (1): p. 142-148; 1991 Oct.  Translated
 from: Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, (10), 1990, p. 70-76. (410 R92). 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English; Russian
 
 Descriptors: Rsfsr; U.S.S.R.in europe; U.S.A.; Solanum tuberosum;
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Biological control; Edovum puttleri;
 Fecundity; Introduced species; Parasites of insect pests;
 Reproduction; Survival
 
 
 102                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Environmental Protection Agency oversight of microbial
 pesticides. Mendelsohn, M.; Rispin, A.; Hutton, P.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 234-240; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Microbial pesticides; Regulations
 
 
 103                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB403.F47 Establishing a successful IMP program.
 Eddy, R.
 West Lafayette, Ind. : The Service; 1992.
 Floriculture Indiana - Purdue University, Horticulture Department,
 Cooperative Extension Service v. 6 (4): p. 12-15; 1992.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Indiana; Greenhouse culture; Integrated pest
 management; Cultural control; Sticky traps; Insecticides
 
 
 104                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: TP440.P67 European apple warehouse practices.
 Kupferman, E.M.
 Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University Cooperative Extension;
 1991 Aug. Tree fruit postharvest journal v. 2 (3): p. 3-15; 1991
 Aug.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Europe; Apples; Storage; Warehouses; Varieties;
 Packing; Crop production; Quality; Controlled atmosphere storage;
 Scald; Prevention; Integrated pest management; Pesticide residues
 
 
 105                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: S587.T47 Evaluation of some insecticides against beet armyworm
 (Spodoptera exigua) in watermelon.
 Belda, J.; Guerrero, L.
 London : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 May.
 Tests of agrochemicals and cultivars (13): p. 12-13; 1992 May. 
 Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 120.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Citrullus lanatus; Spodoptera exigua; Insect pests;
 Bacillus thuringiensis; Insect control; Application rates;
 Integrated pest management; Assessment; Hexaflumuron;
 Teflubenzuron; Trichlorfon; Fruits; Crop damage; Surface layers;
 Population density; Infestation
 
 
 106                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Evaluation of various spray nozzle and volume
 combinations for control of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae) with synthetic and biological insecticides.
 Zehnder, G.W.; Speese, J. III
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1842-1849; 1991 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Virginia; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata; Insect control; Biological control; Bacillus
 thuringiensis; Cryolite; Permethrin; Nozzles; Volume
 
 Abstract:  Field experiments were done in potatoes, Solanum
 tuberosum L., to evaluate various spray nozzle and volume
 combinations for control of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata (Say), with synthetic insecticides and Bacillus
 thuringiensis. Colorado potato beetles were moderately tolerant to
 permethrin, and use of hollow-cone nozzles resulted in improved
 control compared with flat-fan nozzles. When flat-fan nozzles were
 used with permethrin, increasing spray volume from 103 to 298
 liter/ha resulted in a reduction in defoliation and an increase in
 tuber yield. Colorado potato beetles were highly susceptible to
 esfenvalerate. Nozzle type and spray volume had no significant
 effect on insect density or defoliation. However, a significant
 linear relationship existed between Colorado potato beetle counts
 and esfenvalerate spray- volume, On some sample dates, density of
 Colorado potato beetles was reduced in the high volume (467
 liter/ha) esfenvalerate treatment compared with the low volume (93
 liter/ha) treatment. Efficacy, of cryolite for control of Colorado
 potato beetle was not significantly influenced by nozzle type or
 spray, volume treatment. in experiments with B. thuringiensis var.
 san diego (M-One Insecticide), use of three hollow-cone drop
 nozzles per row resulted in significantly lower Colorado potato
 beetle density and defoliation, compared with use of hollow-cone
 nozzles arranged over the tops of the plants. Colorado potato
 beetle control with B
 thuringiensis was enhanced (with both nozzle treatments) by
 increasing spray volume from 140 to 560 liter/ha.
 
 
 107                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 79.8 W41 Evidence that sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is
 allelopathic to yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus).
 Harrison, H.F. Jr; Peterson, J.K.
 Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr. Weed
 science v. 39 (2): p. 308-312; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South Carolina; Ipomoea batatas; Allelopathy; Cyperus
 esculentus; Weed control; Biological control; Competitive ability;
 Crop weed competition; Roots; Growth rate; Inhibition; Plant
 extracts; Periderm; Crop yield; Tubers
 
 Abstract:  In field studies, 'Regal' sweet potato greatly reduced
 yellow nutsedge growth when the two species were grown together
 using standard cultural practices. At the end of the growing
 season, yellow nutsedge shoot dry weight per m2, in plots where the
 two species were planted together was less than 10% of shoot weight
 in plots where nutsedge was grown alone. Presence of yellow
 nutsedge did not markedly affect sweet potato growth. When grown
 together in a greenhouse experiment designed to minimize the
 competitive effects of sweet potato on yellow nutsedge, yellow
 nutsedge growth was reduced more than 50% by sweet potato 8 and 12
 weeks after planting. The most polar fraction of serially extracted
 sweet potato periderm tissue was highly inhibitory to yellow
 nutsedge root growth. These results indicate that sweet potato
 interference with yellow nutsedge under field conditions is
 partially due to allelopathy.
 
 
 108                                  NAL Call. No.: MdULD3231.M70d
 Hanks, L.M. Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of
 the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-
 Tozzetti)(Homoptera--Diaspididae) host plants and natural enemies.
 Hanks, Lawrence Michael
 University of Maryland at College Park, Dept. of Entomology 1991;
 1991.
 ix, 189 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.  Thesis research directed by Dept.
 of Entomology.  Includes bibliographical references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Scale insects; Ornamental trees; Fruit trees; Insect-
 plant relationships
 
 
 109                                       NAL Call. No.:
 Videocassette no.1212 Farmer to farmer strategies for sustainable
 agriculture..  Field crops Rotational grazing Vegetables IPM for
 vegetables and small fruits IPM for apples High-value marketing
 High value marketing
 Rooy Media (Firm)
 Frederick, Md. : Rooy Media ; Emmaus, Pa. : Distributed by Rodale
 Institue,; 1991.
 6 videocassettes (180 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 video
 resource and viewing guide (13 p.)..  "Partial funding for this
 video series and the ... guide was provided by a grant from USDA's
 Low-Input Sustainable Agriculture Program, Northeast Region"--P.
 [i] of guide.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sustainable agriculture; Pests; Grazing
 
 Abstract:  Using farmers to talk to their peers informally and
 frankly about their experiences with sustainable agriculture, the
 videos are designed to help farmers get acquainted with six key
 strategies for sustainable agriculture. Photographed over the
 course of a growing season, the structure allows for an
 introduction to the six subjects, while promoting follow-up
 discussion after viewing each video.
 
 
 110                                       NAL Call. No.:
 Videocassette no.1212 Farmer to farmer strategies for sustainable
 agriculture..  Field crops Rotational grazing Vegetables IPM for
 vegetables and small fruits IPM for apples High-value marketing
 High value marketing
 Rodale Institute, Rooy Media (Firm)
 Frederick, Md. : Rooy Media ; Emmaus, Pa. : Distributed by Rodale
 Institue,; 1991.
 6 videocassettes (180 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 video
 resource and viewing guide (13 p.)..  "Partial funding for this
 video series and the ... guide was provided by a grant from USDA's
 Low-Input Sustainable Agriculture Program, Northeast Region"--P.
 [i] of guide.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sustainable agriculture; Pests; Grazing
 
 Abstract:  Using farmers to talk to their peers informally and
 frankly about their experiences with sustainable agriculture, the
 videos are designed to help farmers get acquainted with six key
 strategies for sustainable agriculture. Photographed over the
 course of a growing season, the structure allows for an
 introduction to the six subjects, while promoting follow-up
 discussion after viewing each video.
 
 
 111                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 421 EN895 Field cage performance of two tachinid parasitoids
 of the tomato fruitworm on insect resistant and susceptible tomato
 lines.
 Farrar, R.R. Jr; Kennedy, G.
 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1983 Apr.
 Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 67 (1): p. 73-78; 1983
 Apr. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Lines; Pest resistance;
 Susceptibility; Helicoverpa zea; Host parasite relationships;
 Archytas marmoratus; Eucelatoria; Parasites of insect pests
 
 
 112                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Field efficacy and persistence of entomogenous
 nematodes in the management of white grubs (Coleoptera:
 Scarabaeidae) in turf and pasture. Forschler, B.T.; Gardner, W.A.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (5): p. 1454-1459; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Lawns and turf; Pastures; Scarabaeidae;
 Biological control; Entomophilic nematodes; Heterorhabditis
 heliothidis; Steinernema; Persistence
 
 Abstract:  The entomogenous nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae
 (Weiser) and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks &
 Hirschmann) were used to control white grubs in turf and pasture.
 In the turf trial, nematode concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, or 1
 million nematodes per m2 were evaluated. only 12% of the grubs were
 killed by the nematodes at all three concentrations. In the pasture
 trial, nematode concentrations of 0.5 and 1.5 million per m2 were
 applied alone or in combination with diazinon (2.25 kg [AI]/ha).
 Comparisons (t tests) of the mean number of grubs recovered from
 each treatment area 2-4 wk after application showed significant
 reductions in the grub populations in both trials after certain
 nematode treatments. When applied at a rate of 1.5 million per m2,
 nematodes persisted for 8 wk after application in the pasture
 trial. In other tests of persistence, nematodes survived as long as
 5 wk after application. Nematophagous fungi were recovered from
 treated areas and untreated plots; however, no significant
 increases in numbers of propagules occurred after application.
 Predaceous mite populations did significantly increase after
 application in one trial. Many of these mites are considered
 nematophagous.
 
 
 113                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: S601.A34 Field use of granulosis virus to reduce initial
 storage infestation of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea
 operculella (Zeller), in North Africa. BenSalah, H.; Aalbu, R.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Feb.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 38 (3): p. 119-126; 1992
 Feb. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tunisia; Solanum tuberosum; Potatoes; Granulosis
 viruses; Viral insecticides; Phthorimaea operculella; Insect
 control; Biological control; Preharvest sprays; Dusts;
 Mediterranean climate; Biological control agents
 
 
 114                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 QD415.A1J6 Floral volatiles of Tanacetum vulgare L. attractive to
 Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. females.
 Gabel, B.; Thiery, D.; Suchy, V.; Marion-Poll, F.; Hradsky, P.;
 Farkas, P. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992 May.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (5): p. 693-701; 1992 May. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tanacetum vulgare; Lobesia botrana; Vitis vinifera;
 Flowers; Extracts; Plant composition; Allelochemicals; Terpenoids;
 Smell; Insect control
 
 Abstract:  The European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana, is
 a major pest of grapes in Europe. Females are attracted to a
 nonhost plant: tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.), which is a common weed
 in Slovakian vineyards. A steam distillate extract of tansy flowers
 was analyzed by means of a GC-EAG
 technique to screen constituents detected by the olfactory
 receptors of EGVM females. From more than 200 GC peaks, nine peaks
 corresponding to monoterpenoids released an EAG response in more
 than 70% of the females (N = 15): p-cymene, d-limonene, alpha-
 thujene, alpha-thujone, beta-thujone, thujyl alcohol, terpinene-4-
 ol, (Z)-verbenol, and piperitone. The steam distillate of tansy as
 well as a synthetic blend of identified compounds released
 consistent attraction in a field cage. The use of nonhost plants
 and host plant odors in integrated pest management is discussed.
 
 
 115                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Fungicide application according to infection periods,
 a must for integrated scab control?.
 Schuepp, H.; Bosshard, E.; Siegfried, W.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Dec. Acta horticulturae (285): p. 175-186; 1990 Dec.  Paper
 presented at the symposium on "Integrated Fruit Production,"
 September 11-15, 1989, Wadenswil, Switzerland.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Malus pumila; Fungal diseases; Infection; Fungicides;
 Integrated control
 
 Abstract:  Since 1976 apple scab has been successfully controlled
 by fungicides applied according to infection periods in
 experimental plots and also in a steadily increasing number of
 commercial orchards. To guarantee adequate preventive and curative
 action at the same time captanoid fungicides (e.g. Capan, Folpet,
 Dichlofluanid) were applied in combination with compounds having a
 curative activity. In the seventies benzimidazol-fungicides were
 used as the curative component and after 1980 they were gradually
 replaced by sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides (SBI). To
 prevent storage diseases (mainly Gloeosporium species and storage
 scab) two sprays of captan are essential in late summer. Using
 captanoid fungicides is also part of the strategy to prevent
 buildup of resistance of Venturia inadequalis against SBI.
 Monitoring scab-resistance to SBI is of utmost importance since the
 control according to infection period depends entirely on their
 excellent curative action.
 
 
 116                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: QH301.N32 Future alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the
 control of postharvest diseases.
 Wilson, C.L.; Wisniewski, M.E.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992.
 NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 230: p. 133-138;
 1992.  In the series analytic: Biological control of plant
 diseases: progress and challenges for the future / edited by E.C.
 Tjamos, G.C. Papavizas and R.J. Cook. Proceedings of a NATO
 Advanced Research Workshop, May 19-24, 1991, Cape Sounion, Athens,
 Greece.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit; Postharvest decay; Biological control;
 Antagonists; Fungicides; Fungus control; Plant extracts
 
 
 117                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Good guy insects are beneficial to growers.
 Blanchard-Chess, B.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1992 May. California grower v. 16 (5): p. 16, 18, 20; 1992 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Citrus fruits; Insect pests; Integrated
 pest management; Biological control agents
 
 
 118                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 79.8 W41 Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass
 (Cynodon spp.) turf with diclofop.
 McCarty, L.B.
 Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr. Weed
 science v. 39 (2): p. 255-261; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Cynodon dactylon; Hybrids; Cultivars; Lawns
 and turf; Eleusine indica; Weed control; Chemical control;
 Diclofop; Cutting height; Cultural weed control; Integrated
 control; Herbicide mixtures; Metribuzin; Msma; Nonionic
 surfactants; Application rates; Phytotoxicity; Varietal
 susceptibility; Sports grounds; Golf courses; Crop quality
 
 Abstract:  Greenhouse and field experiments were performed to
 investigate diclofop rate and mowing height interactions on
 goosegrass control and 'Tifgreen' and 'Tifdwarf' bermudagrass
 tolerance. In greenhouse experiments, greatest goosegrass control
 was achieved with diclofop when plants were maintained at 1.3 cm.
 Increased diclofop rates were required to suppress goosegrass mowed
 higher than 1.3 cm or unmowed. Greater than 90% goosegrass control
 was achieved with the combination of 1.3-cm mowing height and 0.6
 kg ai ha-1 of diclofop. In field experiments, a minimum of 2 weeks
 was necessary for complete herbicidal activity. Diclofop at 1.1 kg
 ha-1 provided >90% control of goosegrass mowed between 1.9 to 2.5
 cm. The addition of nonionic surfactant (0.25% by vol) to diclofop
 did not influence control. The addition of metribuzin (0.1 kg ai
 ha-1) to diclofop resulted in initial increased control, but it was
 transient. The addition of MSMA (2.2 kg ai ha-1) to diclofop
 reduced goosegrass control an average of 18% compared to diclofop
 treatments alone. Tifdwarf bermudagrass was more sensitive to
 diclofop compared to Tifgreen. Seven to 14 days were required for
 Tifdwarf to recover from initial injury. This injury, although
 significant, was acceptable for bermudagrass used for golf greens.
 Clipping weights following treatment were also less for Tifdwarf
 than Tifgreen.
 
 
 119                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: QL461.A52 The grape phylloxera--a celebration of its own.
 Smith, E.H.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992.
 American entomologist v. 38 (4): p. 212-221. ill; 1992.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; France; U.S.A.; Vitis; Crosses; Cultivars;
 Pest resistance; Rootstocks; Viteus vitifoliae; Biological control;
 Parasites of insect pests; Acarus
 
 
 120                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: QD1.A45 Imidacloprid. A new nitroguanidine insecticide.
 Mullins, J.W.
 Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1993.
 ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (524): p. 183-198;
 1993.  In the series analytic: Pest control with enhanced
 environmental safety / edited by S.O. Duke, J.J. Menn, and J.R.
 Plimmer.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nitroimidazoles; Toxicity; Foliar application; Seed
 dressings; Soil treatment
 
 Abstract:  Imidacloprid (code name: BAY NTN 33893; Chemical
 Abstract Name: 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-
 imidazolidinimine) is a highly effective insecticide being
 developed in the U.S. by Miles Inc. and by Bayer AG worldwide.
 Imidacloprid is a systemic and contact insecticide exhibiting low
 mammalian toxicity, with primary activity on sucking insects such
 as aphids, leafhoppers and planthoppers, thrips and whiteflies,
 including strains resistant to conventional chemistries. It is also
 effective against some Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera.
 Imidacloprid has a novel mode of action, and no cross resistance
 from any resistant species has been detected via oral ingestion of
 imidacloprid in worldwide field and laboratory testing. With
 excellent systemic and good residual characteristics, imidacloprid
 is especially appropriate for seed treatment and soil application.
 Effective early season control with long-lasting protection is
 achieved in crops such as cereals, corn, cotton, potatoes, rice,
 sorghum and many vegetables. Pests attacking later in the season
 can be controlled by foliar applications in the above-mentioned
 crops, as well as in citrus, deciduous fruits, grapes and other
 crops. General characteristics of imidacloprid, including
 biological activity, environmental safety and potential for
 Insecticide Resistance Management and IPM, are presented and
 discussed.
 
 
 121                                                NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.A2C47 IMP 1991 commercial apple: insect, disease, and weed
 control recommendations. Patterson, M.G.; Everest, J.W.
 Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1990 Dec.
 Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
 University (11): 11 p.; 1990 Dec.  In subseries: Integrated Pest
 Management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Malus pumila; Insect control; Disease control; Weed
 control; Insecticides; Fungicides; Pesticides; Herbicides
 
 
 122                                         NAL Call. No.: 100 F66S
 (1) no.875 The impact of integrated pest management on selected
 vegetable crops in Florida.
 Pohronezny, Kenneth Louis,
 Gainesville, Fla. : Agricultural Experiment Station, Institute of
 Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida,; 1989.
 vi, 67 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (University of Florida.
 Agricultural Experiment Station) 875.).  "September 1989"--Cover. 
 Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Plant parasites; Pesticides
 
 
 123                                            NAL Call. No.:
 SB608.A6A33 1990 Impacts of the University of Connecticut
 integrated pest management program for apples 1984-1987.
 Adams, Roger G.; Los, Lorraine M.
 Connecticut : Cooperative Extension System, University of
 Connecticut, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, [1990?];
 1990.
 24 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  90-22.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Apple; Pests; Farmers
 
 
 124                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Implementation and adoption of an agricultural expert
 system: the Penn State Apple Orchard Consultant.
 Rajotte, E.G.; Bowser, T.; Travis, J.W.; Crassweller, R.M.; Musser,
 W.; Laughland, D.; Sachs, C.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1992
 Oct. Acta horticulturae (313): p. 227-231; 1992 Oct.  Paper
 presented at the Third International Symposium on Computer
 Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management, February 11-14,
 1992, Palmerston North, New Zealand.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Malus pumila; Orchards; Commercial
 farming; Growers; Decision making; Crop management; Integrated pest
 management; Expert systems; Information retrieval
 
 
 125                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 100 C12CAG Imported parasite may help control European asparagus
 aphid. Daane, K.M.; Yokota, G.Y.; Gill, R.F.; Caltagirone, L.E.;
 Hagen, K.S.; Gonzalez, D.; Stary, P.; Chaney, W.E.
 Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
 University of California; 1992 Nov.
 California agriculture v. 46 (6): p. 12-14; 1992 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Asparagus officinalis; Hemiptera; Insect
 pests; Crop damage; Parasites of insect pests; Biological control
 
 
 126                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 100 C12CAG Imported parasite of greenhouse thrips established on
 California avocado. McMurtry, J.A.; Johnson, H.G.; Newberger, S.J.
 Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
 University of California; 1991 Nov.
 California agriculture v. 45 (6): p. 31-32; 1991 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Vespidae; Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis;
 Integrated pest management; Biological control; Persea Americana
 
 
 127                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Induced resistance in relation to fruit and vegetables.
 Biles, C.L.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 161-166; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit; Vegetables; Postharvest decay; Induced
 resistance
 
 
 128                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Induction of resistance of avocado fruits to
 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides attack using CO2 treatments.
 Prusky, D.; Plumbley, R.A.; Kobiler, I.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 243-255; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Avocados; Glomerella cingulata; Postharvest decay;
 Induced resistance; Carbon dioxide
 
 
 129                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 420 F662 Infection of sound-trapped mole crickets,
 Scapteriscus spp., by Steinernema scapterisci.
 Parkman, J.P.; Frank, J.H.
 Winter Haven, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society; 1992 Mar.
 Florida entomologist v. 75 (1): p. 163-165; 1992 Mar.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Grasslands; Lawns and turf; Scapteriscus;
 Biological control; Insect control; Sound traps; Steinernema
 
 
 130                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.O5O5 Information on insecticides for greenhouse growers.
 Pinkston, K.; Criswell, J.; Cuperus, G.; Schnelle, M.A.
 Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Nov.
 OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State
 University (6712): 12 p.; 1992 Nov.  In subseries: IPM in the
 Greenhouse Series. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Greenhouses; Insecticides; Growth regulators;
 Resistance; Phytotoxicity; Biological control; Spraying precautions
 
 
 131                                                NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 W27MI Insect biology supplement to 1992 crop protection
 guide for tree fruits in Washington.
 Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1992 Jan.
 E.M. - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service
 (4850): 15 p.; 1992 Jan.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Washington; Tree fruits; Plant protection; Insect
 pests; Insects; Pesticides; Integrated pest management
 
 
 132                                               NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 N272EX Insect pest management strategies for yards and
 gardens.
 Baxendale, F.P.; Wright, R.J.
 Lincoln, Neb. : The Service; 1992.
 EC - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Nebraska
 (92-1555-C): 9 p.; 1992.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Domestic gardens; Integrated pest management; Insect
 control; Insecticides; Rotations; Mulching; Cultural control;
 Biological control
 
 
 133                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: S481.R4 Insect pests of taro (Colocasia esculenta) and their
 biological controls in American Samoa.
 Vargo, A.M.
 Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture and
 Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension
 Service (134): p. 161-164; 1991 Dec.  Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP
 Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: American samoa; Colocasia esculenta; Insect pests;
 Biological control; Parasites of insect pests; Evaluation;
 Intercropping
 
 
 134                                                NAL Call. No.:
 SB118.48.Y26 Insect predators on ornamentals.
 Miller, G.L.
 Storrs, CT : University of Connecticut, Dept. of Plant Science;
 1991. Yankee nursery quarterly v. 1 (3): p. 8-9; 1991.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Biological control agents; Ornamental plants; Insect
 pests; Insect control; Predators of insect pests
 
 
 135                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Insecticidal activity of EG4961, a novel strain of
 Bacillus thuringiensis toxic to larvae and adults of southern corn
 rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Colorado potato beetle
 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Johnson, T.B.; Slaney, A.C.; Donovan,
 W.P.; Rupar, M.J.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (2): p. 330-333; 1993 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabrotica; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Biological
 control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacterial proteins; Insecticidal
 action
 
 Abstract:  Bacillus thuringiensis strain EG4961 was isolated from
 grain dust. This strain produces a parasporal inclusion body
 composed of a unique 74.4-kdal insecticidal crystal protein. This
 protein is toxic to larvae and adults of several Coleopteran
 species including Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
 (Say), and southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata
 howardi Barber, a species that is relatively unaffected by the
 previously described CryIIIA insecticidal crystal protein. The
 discovery of EG4961 provides for the possibility of microbial-based
 control strategies for Diabrotica spp. and other Coleoptera.
 
 
 136                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB957.R47 Insecticide resistance and management of diamondback
 moth and imported cabbage worm in the People's Republic of China.
 Zhu, G.R.; Zhao, J.Z.; Wu, S.C.; Wu, S.X.
 East Lansing, Mich. : Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State
 University; 1991 Jul.
 Resistant pest management v. 3 (2): p. 25-26; 1991 Jul.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: China; Cruciferae; Plutella xylostella; Pieris rapae;
 Insecticide resistance; Insecticides; Integrated pest management;
 Rotations; Application date; Application rates; Insect control
 
 
 137                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Insecticides affect predatory arthropods and
 predation on Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) eggs and
 fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupae in turfgrass.
 Terry, L.A.; Potter, D.A.; Spicer, P.G.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Jun.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (3): p. 871-878; 1993 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kentucky; Poa pratensis; Popillia japonica; Spodoptera
 frugiperda; Ova; Pupae; Biological control; Insects; Predators of
 insect pests; Carbaryl; Cyfluthrin; Isazofos
 
 Abstract:  The relative short-term effect of three insecticides on
 predatory arthropods and their potential to interfere with natural
 predation on pest insects or to induce resurgences of white grubs
 were evaluated in Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., turf. A
 single surface application of isazofos in mid-June caused
 significant short-term reductions in abundance of spiders, ants,
 staphylinids, carabid larvae, histerids, and other predominantly
 predatory groups. Carbaryl and cyfluthrin also affected some groups
 of predators, but their impact was generally less severe than for
 isazofos. Pupae of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E.
 Smith), and eggs of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman,
 implanted into treated or control plots 1-2 wk after treatment
 sustained predation losses as high as 60 and 74%, respectively,
 within 48 h. Predation on pupae was not significantly affected by
 the insecticides, but predation on Japanese beetle eggs was reduced
 by as much as 70% in plots that had been previously treated with
 isazofos or carbaryl. Predatory Coleoptera, including Carabidae,
 Staphylinidae, Cicindelidae, and Histeridae, collected from
 turfgrass readily consumed Japanese beetle eggs or first-instars in
 laboratory trials. Plots treated with isazofos during the Japanese
 beetle oviposition period incurred significantly higher natural
 populations of white grubs than did control plots. These findings
 suggest that by disrupting predation on eggs and young larvae,
 insecticides applied to turfgrass before scarabaeid eggs have
 hatched could predispose lawns or golf courses to higher densities
 of white grubs and possibly other pests.
 
 
 138                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: aSD11.A48 Insects and shrubs dieoff in western states: 1986-89
 survey results. Haws, B.A.; Bohart, G.E.; Nelson, C.R.; Nelson,
 D.L.
 Ogden, Utah : The Station; 1990 Nov.
 General technical report INT - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station (276): p. 127-151;
 1990 Nov.  Paper presented at the Symposium on "Cheatgrass
 invasion, shrub die-off, and other aspects of shrub biology and
 management," April 5-7, 1989, Las Vegas, Nevada.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Utah; Atriplex confertifolia; Atriplex canescens;
 Artemisia; Insect pests; Integrated pest management; Ploidy
 
 
 139                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 79.8 W41 Insects, nematodes, and pathogens associated with
 horsenettle (Solanum carolinese) in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)
 pastures.
 Nichols, R.L.; Cardina, J.; Lynch, R.L.; Minton, N.A.; Wells, H.D.
 Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Apr. Weed
 science v. 40 (2): p. 320-325; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Cynodon dactylon; Pastures; Solanum
 carolinense; Perennial weeds; Natural enemies; Biological control
 agents; Surveys; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Epitrix; Gelechiidae;
 Erysiphe cichoracearum; Rhizoctonia solani; Pratylenchus; Plant
 parasitic nematodes; Plant pathogens; Seasonal abundance
 
 Abstract:  Horsenettle is a deep-rooted perennial weed that cannot
 be easily controlled by mechanical means or by a single chemical
 application. A study was conducted at two sites for two consecutive
 years to identify biological factors that might limit its growth.
 Insects, nematodes, and plant pathogens were collected from
 horsenettle growing in bermudagrass pastures. The insects most
 commonly found included the Colorado potato beetle and the eggplant
 flea beetle. An unidentified lepidopteron, family Gelechiidae, was
 found at very low frequency as pupae in hollow leaf chambers
 constructed at the apices of flowering meristems. Infested apices
 bore no fruit. Seven genera of nematodes were found in the soil at
 both sites, but only very low numbers of lesion nematodes were
 recovered from horsenettle roots, and these had caused little
 damage. Root rot was observed under wet soil conditions on plants
 damaged by trampling. A downy mildew was prevalent at both sites in
 both years in October.
 
 
 140                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Integrated control of Dacus oleae (Gmel.):
 relationship among time of olive ripening, dipteral ethology and
 oil quality.
 Iannotta, N.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Dec. Acta horticulturae (286): p. 363-365; 1990 Dec.  Paper
 presented at the "International Symposium on Olive Growing," Sept.
 26-29, 1989, Cordoba, Spain.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Olea europaea; Bactrocera oleae; Insect pests;
 Integrated pest management; Harvesting date; Crop quality
 
 
 141                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: SB4.P76 Integrated fruit production in Italy.
 Oberhofer, H.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd; 1991 Jun.
 Professional horticulture v. 5 (2): p. 59-63; 1991 Jun.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit; Apples; Integrated pest management; Insect
 control; Integrated control; Crop production; Chemical control;
 Biological control
 
 
 142                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Integrated fruit production in Norway.
 Hesjedal, K.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Dec. Acta horticulturae (285): p. 47-53; 1990 Dec.  Paper presented
 at the Symposium on "Integrated Fruit Production," September 11-15,
 1989, Wadenswil, Switzerland.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Norway; Fruit growing; Integrated systems
 
 Abstract:  Since early in the 1960s, strong research effort has
 been made on developing an integrated pest management system for
 different harmful insects and mites in fruit orchards. Better
 knowledge of the pest species and the beneficial insects and mites,
 have since 1965 resulted in a reduction of the pesticide use in our
 orchards by 70 percent. We have developed action tresholds for the
 most harmful phytophagous insects and mites. For one of our most
 serious pests on apples, the apple fruit moth, Argyresthia
 conjugella, a prognose--and warning system has been developed,
 which have reduced the insecticide use against this species from 2
 standard sprays a year to 1 spray each fourth year. Good results in
 using standard compounds of pesticides in very low concentrations
 have been obtained. These results are already taken into practical
 use by the fruit growers. In the principal fruit growing areas, we
 have established warming systems for apple- and pear-scab, which
 have resulted in a strong reduction in the yearly number of
 fungicide applications. Depending on the apple variety, a
 protection program against scab, mildew and storage diseases
 amounts to a total of 2-8 applications a year. A warning system for
 fruit pests and fruit diseases after a modified model used in
 Eastern Switerland, has been started in Western Norway this year.
 So far we have very good experience with the system and the feed-
 back from the growers are very positive. Now we were working on
 guidelines for an integrated fruit production. From 1990 we
 hopefully can start special courses for growers who want to get an
 authorization in integrated fruit production.
 
 
 143                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: TP440.P67 Integrated management of postharvest diseases and
 disorders of apples, pears and cherries.
 Willett, M.; Kupferman, G.; Roberts, R.; Spotts, R.; Sugar, D.;
 Apel, G.; Ewart, H.W.; Bryant, B.
 Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University Cooperative Extension;
 1989 Dec. Postharvest pomology newsletter v. 7 (3): 16 p.; 1989
 Dec.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Integrated pest management; Postharvest decay; Apples;
 Pears; Cherries
 
 
 144                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: QH301.A76 Integrated pest and disease management for amenity
 turfgrass. Baldwin, N.A.; Drinkall, M.J.
 Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists;
 1992. Aspects of applied biology (29): p. 265-272; 1992.  In the
 series analytic: Vegetation management in forestry, amenity and
 conservation areas. Paper presented at the conference of the
 Association, April 7-9, 1992, University of York, England. 
 Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uk; Lawns and turf; Amenity and recreation areas;
 Cultivars; Disease resistance; Pest resistance; Integrated control;
 Pesticides; Literature reviews
 
 
 145                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: 10 OU8 Integrated pest and disease management in protected
 crops.
 Fraser, R.S.S.
 Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1992.
 Outlook on agriculture v. 21 (3): p. 169-175. ill; 1992.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Horticultural crops; Plant diseases; Plant pests;
 Integrated control; Integrated pest management; Protected
 cultivation
 
 
 146                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 4 AM392 Integrated pest management.
 Bruneau, A.H.; Watkins, J.E.; Brandenburg, R.L.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992.
 Agronomy (32): p. 501-533; 1992.  In the series analytic: Turfgrass
 / edited by D.V. Waddington, R.N. Carrow, R.C. Shearman.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Integrated pest management
 
 
 147                                               NAL Call. No.:
 aHD1401.A2U52 Integrated pest management cuts use of chemicals.
 Greene, C.
 Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 Apr.
 Farmline - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research
 Service v. 13 (4): p. 13-16; 1992 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Vegetables; Integrated pest management;
 Pesticides; Usage
 
 
 148                                              NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.S83 1993 Integrated pest management in vegetables in
 Massachusetts.
 Ferro, D.N.
 Boca Raton, Fla. : Lewis Publishers; 1993.
 Successful implementation of integrated pest management for
 agricultural crops / edited by Anne R. Leslie, Gerrit W. Cuperus.
 p. 95-105; 1993.  Paper presented at the National Forum on
 Agricultural IPM held June 17-19, 1992 in Arlington, VA., organized
 by the Environmental Chemistry Division, American Chemical Society. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Massachusetts; Vegetables; Crop production; Integrated
 pest management
 
 
 149                                                NAL Call. No.:
 aSB605.U5G73 Integrated pest management (IPM) in the vegetable
 industry during the 1980's. Greene, Catherine; Cuperus, Gerrit W.
 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Commodity Economics Division
 Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
 Service, Commodity Economics Division ; Rockville, MD : ERS-NASS
 [distributor,; 1991; A 93.44:AGES 91-07.
 iv, 19 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (ERS staff report ; no. AGES 9107.). 
 Cover title. "February 1991"--P. iii.  Includes bibliographical
 references (p. 18-19).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pests; Vegetables; Agricultural pests; Farm produce
 
 
 150                                       NAL Call. No.: NBUSB211
 P8 C57 no.25 Integrated pest management of potatoes = Manejo
 integrado de plagas de papa : Lutte integree en culture de pomme de
 terre..  Manejo integrado de plagas de papa Lutte integree en
 culture de pomme de terre
 International Potato Center
 Lima, Peru : International Potato Center (CIP),; 1989.
 31 p. ; 24 cm. (Bibliog. ; no. 25.).  Includes indexes.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Potatoes
 
 
 151                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 F66 Integrated pest management strategies for golf courses.
 McCarty, L.B.; Short, D.E.; Dunn, R.A.; Simone, G.; Freeman, T.E.
 Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1992 Jun.
 Bulletin - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of
 Florida (279): 11 p.; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Integrated pest management; Golf courses; Lawns and
 turf; Insect pests
 
 
 152                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S539.5.J68 An integrated systems approach to potato crop
 management.
 Connell, T.R.; Koenig, J.P.; Stevenson, W.R.; Kelling, K.A.;
 Curwen, D.; Wyman, J.A.; Binning, L.K.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
 Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 453-460; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Wisconsin; Solanum tuberosum; Cultivars; Crop
 management; Integrated systems; Integrated pest management;
 Integrated control; Weed control; Insect control; Plant disease
 control; Irrigation; Ammonium nitrate; Pesticides; Productivity;
 Production costs; Returns; Crop yield; Environmental impact;
 Emergence; Irrigation scheduling; Computer software; Computer
 analysis; Monitoring; Petioles; Plant analysis; Nitrate;
 Agricultural chemicals; Environmental factors
 
 
 153                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 1.9 P69P Integrating management decisions for several pests in
 fruit production. Gadoury, D.M.
 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Mar.
 Plant disease v. 77 (3): p. 299-302; 1993 Mar.  Paper presented at
 the symposium "Food and the environment: IPM meets the 21st
 century," held August 18, 1991, St. Louis, Missouri.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit crops; Crop production; Integrated pest
 management; Control programs
 
 
 154                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Integration of biocontrol agents with postharvest
 systems.
 Pusey, P.L.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 211-213; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Peaches; Postharvest decay; Biological control;
 Bacillus subtilis
 
 
 155                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 QL391.N4R4 Interaction between Globodera rostochiensis and G.
 pallida in simulataneous infections on potatoes with different
 resistance properties. Nijs, L.J.M.F. den
 Montrouge : Gauthier-Villars; 1992.
 Fundamental and applied nematology v. 15 (2): p. 173-178; 1992. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Globodera rostochiensis; Globodera
 pallida; Pest resistance; Integrated pest management
 
 
 156                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 60.18 J82 Interactions of grazing and plant protection on
 basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata) seedling
 survival.
 Owens, M.K.; Norton, B.E.
 Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 May.
 Journal of range management v. 45 (3): p. 257-262; 1992 May. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Utah; Artemisia tridentata; Grazing effects; Sheep;
 Cattle; Colonizing ability; Seedlings; Survival; Brush control;
 Biological control; Site factors; Agropyron desertorum; Pastures
 
 Abstract:  The impact of grazing animals and plant protection on
 shrub seedling establishment was studied in 2 separate experiments.
 A total of 3,665 seedlings were monitored for survival during a
 sheep grazing trial in 1994, and 5,755 seedlings were monitored
 during a cattle grazing trial in 1986. Approximately 1/2 of the
 seedlings were located under the canopy of mature plants and 1/2
 were located in the interspaces between plants. The presence of
 domestic livestock and the seedling location affected both the
 overall survival at the end of the growing season and the pattern
 of survival during the growing season. The interaction between
 these independent variables resulted in the highest survival (0.11)
 for sheltered seedlings in the grazed pastures and the lowest
 survival (0.009) for unprotected seedlings in the grazed pastures.
 Seedlings in the ungrazed pastures had survival rates intermediate
 between these 2 rates. The pattern of seedling survival was similar
 in both experiments. Seedlings in the grazed pastures experienced
 high mortality during the actual grazing event and immediately
 after grazing. Seedlings which were unsheltered experienced the
 lowest survival due to trampling. Survival rates late in the summer
 were not affected by grazing but were dependent on receiving
 precipitation during this normally dry period of the year. The
 interaction between grazing and seedling location may partially
 explain the aggregated distribution of Artemisia found in many
 communities. This aggregation should affect interspecific
 competition and may play a role in later stages of plant succession
 within these shrub-dominated communities.
 
 
 157                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: S481.R4 Investing in biological control: initiation of a
 parasite mass rearing program for macadamia nut orchards in Hawaii.
 Oi, D.H.
 Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture and
 Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension
 Service (134): p. 128-130; 1991 Dec.  Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP
 Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Macadamia; Nezara viridula; Trissolcus
 basalis; Biological control; Rearing techniques; Insectaries; Crop
 quality; Crop damage; Parasites of insect pests
 
 
 158                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: aZ5071.N3 IPM and biological control of plant pests--
 horticultural crops: January 1987-December 1991.
 MacLean, J.T.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 May.
 Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-41): 95 p.; 1992 May. 
 Updates QB 90-47. Bibliography.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Plant pests; Integrated pest management; Biological
 control; Natural enemies; Horticultural crops; Bibliographies
 
 
 159                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 1.9 P69P IPM for potatoes: a multifaceted approach to disease
 management and information delivery.
 Stevenson, W.R.
 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Mar.
 Plant disease v. 77 (3): p. 309-311; 1993 Mar.  Paper presented at
 the symposium "Food and the environment: IPM meets the 21st
 century," held August 18, 1991, St. Louis, Missouri.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Wisconsin; Solanum tuberosum; Crop production;
 Integrated pest management; Control programs
 
 
 160                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB951.P47 IPM in protected crops: concerns, challenges and
 opportunities. Oosten, H.J. van
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
 Pesticide science v. 36 (4): p. 365-371; 1992.  Paper presented at
 the symposium "Integrated Control of Pests and Diseases in
 Protected Crops and Greenhouses," May 19-20, 1992, Noordwijkerhout,
 The Netherlands.  Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Netherlands; Integrated pest management; Greenhouse
 crops; Vegetables; Sustainability; Pesticides; Usage; Protected
 cultivation; Closed systems; Application methods; Disease control;
 Pest resistance; Environmental policy; Legislation; Literature
 reviews
 
 Abstract:  The Dutch government has a coherent, long-term policy
 regarding attainment of a sustainable development affecting
 agriculture and horticulture, the requirements of which are very
 strict and will be difficult to satisfy. The growers of protected
 crops try to meet these requirements by developing so-called closed
 growing systems. Two other approaches in the policy are a
 substantial reduction of the volume of pesticides used and a very
 critical evaluation of the pesticides permitted. In this
 governmental policy, Integrated Pest Management has shown prospects
 in horticulture; it will play a very important role in the near
 future but is now considered as part of the broader concept of
 Integrated Production Systems. The glasshouse industry is very
 actively developing its own strategy to satisfy government targets
 and market demands for high-quality products produced by
 environmentally safe methods. The vegetable auctions have developed
 a policy of environmentally conscious production which should put
 the vegetable industry into a strong marketing position for its
 produce.
 
 
 161                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB476.G7 IPM in turf.
 Beard, J.B.
 Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1991 Mar.
 Grounds maintenance v. 26 (3): p. 26, 28; 1991 Mar.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Integrated pest management; Lawns and turf
 
 
 162                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N7A4 IPM practices work in the greenhouse.
 Grant, J.
 Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
 Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1992 Jan.
 Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
 County. p. 7; 1992 Jan.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Greenhouses; Pest control; Integrated pest management
 
 
 163                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB476.G7 An IPM program for turf.
 Leslie, A.R.
 Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1991 Mar.
 Grounds maintenance v. 26 (3): p. 84, 86, 116; 1991 Mar.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Integrated pest management
 
 
 164                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB436.J6 IPM strategies used by arborists.
 Neely, D.; Smith, G.R.
 Urbana, Ill. : International Society of Arboriculture; 1991 Jan.
 Journal of arboriculture v. 17 (1): p. 8-12; 1991 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Arboriculture; Arboricides; Integrated pest
 management; Pesticides
 
 
 165                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 S592.7.A1S6 Isolation, formulation and antagonistic activity of
 rhizobacteria toward the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida.
 Racke, J.; Sikora, R.A.
 Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Jun.
 Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (6): p. 521-526; 1992 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Globodera pallida; Plant parasitic
 nematodes; Agrobacterium radiobacter; Bacillus sphaericus; Soil
 bacteria; Strains; Rhizosphere; Antagonists; Nematode control;
 Biological control; Seed treatment; Spraying; Dipping; Poly(vinyl
 alcohol); Methylcellulose; Sucrose; Population density; Survival;
 Interspecific competition; Antagonism; Roots; Penetration; Growth
 
 Abstract:  In a screening program, 16 bacterial isolates out of 179
 isolated from roots and cysts caused a significant reduction (>
 25%) in Globodera pallida penetration of potato roots. Six of these
 isolates caused significant reductions in repeated greenhouse
 tests. Spray application of the bacteria in suspensions with 0.2%
 methyl cellulose increased adhesion of the bacteria on seed pieces
 and promoted antagonistic activity when compared to application in
 water suspensions. The antagonistic activity was shown to be
 directly correlated with the number of colony forming units (cfu)
 present on the tuber. The isolates Agrobacterium radiobacter and
 Bacillus sphaericus at densities of 9.7 X 10(8) and 3.16 X 10(9)
 cfu ml-1, respectively, caused significant reductions in root
 infection of 24-41% in repeated experiments.
 
 
 166                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Laboratory and field effects of chemical fruit
 thinners on tetranychid and predatory mites (Acari) of apple.
 Thistlewood, H.M.A.; Elfving, D.C.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 477-485; 1992 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ontario; Malus pumila; Orchards; Panonychus ulmi;
 Tetranychus urticae; Biological control; Mite control; Predators of
 insect pests; Acari; Neoseiulus fallacis; Zetzellia mali
 
 Abstract:  The effects of three chemical fruit thinners, carbaryl,
 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and benzyladenine (BA), were compared
 on predatory and phytophagous mites in a petri dish assay and in
 four apple orchards. In the petri dish assay, 10 ppm of NAA was
 harmless (< 50% mortality) to the phytoseiid Amblyseius fallacis
 Garman, the erythraeid Balaustium putmani Smiley, and the stigmaeid
 Zetzellia mali (Ewing), but mortality of Z. mali was significantly
 greater than the control. BA (50 and 100 ppm) was also harmless to
 A. fallacis, B. putmani, and Z. mali, although A. fallacis and Z.
 mali had significantly more mortality than in controls. Carbaryl
 (600 and 1,200 ppm) caused 100% mortality of A. fallacis and
 94-100% mortality of Z. mali but was harmless to B. putmani. In
 orchard tests, NAA (8-10 ppm) was harmless (< 25% mortality) to
 mites in the families Phytoseiidae, Erythraeidae, Tetranychidae,
 Tydeidae, and Tarsonemidae, but it reduced densities of Z. mali for
 about 14 d. By comparison with controls and NAA, carbaryl
 (500-1,200 ppm) and BA (50-150 ppm) produced significant
 differences in numbers of Phytoseiidae, Z. mali, Tetranychidae,
 Tydeidae, and Tarsonemidae. However, carbaryl consistently produced
 significantly higher densities of Tetranychidae and lower densities
 of A. fallacis and Z. mali than BA, and in one orchard induced an
 outbreak of Tetranychus urticae Koch that exceeded the economic
 threshold of seven per leaf.
 
 
 167                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 100 T31P Laboratory testing of milking spore disease, Bacillus
 popilliae, for control of Phyllophaga crinita white grubs.
 Crocker, R.L.
 College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1991.
 PR - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (4912): p. 89-91; 1991. 
 In the series analytic: Texas turfgrass research--1991.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Texas; Lawns and turf; Phyllophaga crinita; Bacillus
 popilliae; Insect control; Biological control
 
 
 168                                               NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.2.A1J58 Lawn care without pesticides.
 Uhler, B.
 Eugene, Or. : The Coalition; 1992.
 Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of the Northwest
 Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides v. 12 (2): p. 38-39; 1992. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Weed control; Integrated pest
 management
 
 
 169                                                NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N9C46 Lawn pests in North Dakota.
 Stoy, W.M.; Kopp, D.D.; McBride, D.K.
 Fargo, N.D. : The University; 1990 Oct.
 NDSU Extension Service [publication] - North Dakota State
 University (904): 10 p.; 1990 Oct.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North Dakota; Crambus; Phyllophaga; Solenopsis
 invicta; Poa pratensis; Lawns and turf; Damage; Biology; Life
 cycle; Natural enemies; Sampling; Cultural methods; Insects;
 Arthropod pests; Insecticides; Pest control
 
 
 170                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 100 C12CAG Leaf removal in wine grapes: a case study in extending
 research to the fields. Pence, R.A.; Grieshop, J.I.
 Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
 University of California; 1991 Nov.
 California agriculture v. 45 (6): p. 28-30; 1991 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Defoliation; Grapes; Integrated pest
 management; Canopy
 
 
 171                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB1.A1F5 Leafminers and associated parasites in Gypsophila.
 Malais, M.; Newman, J.P.; La Salle, J.; Parrella, M.P.
 Berkeley, Calif. : The Service; 1992.
 Flower and nursery report for commercial growers - California
 University, Berkeley, Agricultural Extension Service v. 24 (1): p.
 1-4; 1992.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Gypsophila paniculata; Liriomyza
 huidobrensis; Diglyphus begini; Diglyphus intermedius; Parasites of
 insect pests; Pesticides; Biological control agents
 
 
 172                                             NAL Call. No.:
 SB608.O7C6 1992 Learning from biocontrol in greenhouse vegetable
 production. Steiner, M.Y.; Matteoni, J.A.
 Alexandria, Va. : The Society?; 1992.
 Proceedings for the Eighth Conference on Insect and Disease
 Management on Ornamentals : February 22-24, 1992 / sponsored by the
 Growers Council of the Society of American Florists, Alexandria,
 Virginia. p. 42-49; 1992.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Vegetables; Crop production; Greenhouse crops; Pest
 control; Biological control
 
 
 173                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Loss assessment, ecology and management of mango
 fruitfly, Dacus sp. Singh, G.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1991
 Jun. Acta horticulturae (291): p. 425-536; 1991 Jun.  In the series
 analytic: Third International Mango Symposium / edited by E.
 Chacko, T.K. Lim and V. Kulkarni. Paper presented at the Symposium,
 September 24-29, 1989, Darwin, NT, Australia.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: India; Mangifera indica; Dacus; Insect pests;
 Injuries; Crop damage; Crop losses; Insect control; Integrated pest
 management; Insecticides
 
 
 174                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Lower navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)
 population densities following establishment in Goniozus legneri
 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) in California.
 Legner, E.F.; Gordh, G.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (6): p. 2153-2160; 1992 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Prunus dulcis; Amyelois transitella; Crop
 yield; Incidence; Population density; Goniozus; Integrated pest
 management; Introduced species; Parasites of insect pests
 
 Abstract:  Infestations of the navel orangeworm Amyelois
 transitella (Walker) in six central California "Nonpareil" almond
 orchards were studied for 12-13 yr (1978-1991) to determine the
 effect of imported parasitoids on host abundance. A decline in the
 average density of navel orangeworm to less than 0.5% in late
 summer as measured by percentage of attacked almonds was observed
 in five orchards where insecticides were not applied during the
 growing season. K-value analyses indicated a significant regulation
 of the navel orangeworm population by Goniozus legneri Gordh during
 the first generation on almonds after hull split. A slight increase
 in navel orangeworm abundance was observed in one orchard in 1986,
 after insecticide applications. Significant (but low) correlations
 existed between higher yields of edible almonds and lower navel
 orangeworm densities. No significant correlations were found
 between total rejected almonds and numbers of the peach twig borer,
 Anarsia lineatella Zeller, or ant damage. An integrated pest
 management program may be possible for soft-shelled almonds by
 retaining sufficient holdover almonds during winter for host-
 parasitoid reproduction during the spring, and by targeting other
 arthropod pests (e.g., peach twig borer and phytophagous mites)
 with controls that are nondisruptive to navel orangeworm
 parasitoids.
 
 
 175                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: QD1.A45 Management of pesticide resistance in arthropod pests:
 research and policy issues.
 Croft, B.A.
 Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1990.
 ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (421): p. 149-168;
 1990.  In the series analytic: Managing resistance to
 agrochemicals: From fundamental research to practical strategies /
 edited by M.B. Green, H.M. LeBaron, and W.K. Moberg.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pesticide resistance; Arthropod pests; Pest management
 
 Abstract:  Pesticide resistance management requires both technical
 progress in research and enlightened policies governing pesticide
 development, regulation, marketing and use. Improved monitoring
 systems, tactics of resistance management, models of resistance
 evolution, and experimentation on factors influencing resistance
 evolution have added to our ability to limit resistance in field
 populations of target pest insects. Greater emphasis on research in
 population genetics and ecology is needed to further extend this
 technology. Examples of successful resistance management with
 houseflies in Denmark, cotton bollworms in Australia, pear psylla
 in North America and a complex of pests and natural enemies on tree
 fruits in the United States demonstrate that policy-related factors
 can be a key to successful resistance management. Conversely, the
 lack of success in other pest systems may be due to antiquated
 policies. A recent case of resistance management in the spider mite
 Tetranychus urticae illustrates new policies by industry regarding
 research and pesticide labelling which will improve possibilities
 for resistance management and will extend the life of newly
 registered acaricides.
 
 
 176                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB387.V572 Managing insect pests of Florida grapes.
 Webb, S.E.
 Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida A&M; University, Center for Viticultural
 Science and Small Farm; 1991.
 Proceedings of the Florida Grape Conference. p. 183-185; 1991. 
 Meeting held October 25-26, 1991, Ocala, Florida.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Vitis; Insect pests; Integrated pest
 management
 
 
 177                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 1.9 P69P Managing Meloidogyne chitwoodi on potato with
 rapeseed as green manure. Mojtahedi, H.; Santo, G.S.; Wilson, J.H.;
 Hang, A.N.
 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Jan.
 Plant disease v. 77 (1): p. 42-46; 1993 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Meloidogyne chitwoodi; Plant
 parasitic nematodes; Biological control; Rape; Leaves; Stems;
 Roots; Green manures; Pest management; Efficacy; Glucosinolates;
 Ethoprophos
 
 
 178                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 M58B Managing potato leafhoppers in forage legumes.
 Landis, D.; Haas, M.
 East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1992 Dec.
 Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan
 State University v.): 2 p.; 1992 Dec.  In subseries: IPM Facts.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Empoasca fabae; Identification; Life cycle; Damage;
 Detection; Insect control; Insecticides; Application rates
 
 
 179                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: S481.R4 Mass rearing the greenhouse whitefly parasitoid
 Encarsia formosa for augmentative releases in fresh market tomatoes
 in Hawaii.
 Lynch, J.A.; Johnson, M.W.
 Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture and
 Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension
 Service (134): p. 123-127; 1991 Dec.  Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP
 Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Lycopersicon esculentum; Trialeurodes
 vaporariorum; Encarsia formosa; Rearing techniques; Insectaries;
 Life cycle; Biological control; Parasites of insect pests; Crop
 losses
 
 
 180                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 60.18 UN33 Measuring air movement for better grass.
 Zontek, S.J.
 Far Hills, N.J. : United States Golf Association; 1992 May. USGA
 Green Section record v. 30 (3): p. 38-39; 1992 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Golf courses; Integrated pest
 management; Air flow; Measurement
 
 
 181                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Mechanisms of transmission of the gypsy moth
 (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) fungus, Entomophaga maimaiga
 (Entomphthorales: Entomophthoraceae) and effects of site conditions
 on its prevalence.
 Weseloh, R.M.; Andreadis, T.G.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (4): p. 901-906; 1992 Aug.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Connecticut; Lymantria dispar; Entomophaga; Population
 density; Rain; Infectivity; Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  Sampling for the gypsy moth fungus, Entomophaga
 maimaiga, was carried out in 10 plots in Connecticut to determine
 the importance of overwintering fungal load, rainfall, gypsy moth
 abundance, and physiographic site conditions to fungal prevalence.
 At one of the plots, gypsy moths were also exposed daily in cages
 on the soil and at 2 m in shrubs to examine the pathogen
 transmission potential of germinating resting spores and of conidia
 produced by diseased larvae. Gypsy moth population levels and an
 index of site moisture (as determined by tree composition) were
 marginally related to fungus prevalence. However, the relationship
 between fungal prevalence and population was an inverse one,
 opposite that found in a previous study. Resting spore load did not
 appear to affect prevalence; it is possible that a threshold effect
 occurs. Daily sampling showed that germination of resting spores is
 necessary for infection of early-stage larvae, but that conidia
 produced from diseased larvae are mainly responsible for infection
 of late-stage
 caterpillars. Maximum germination of resting spores occurred 1 or
 2 d after significant precipitation, whereas the greatest
 production of conidia from diseased caterpillars took place on the
 day of rainfall. We hypothesize that in areas where overwintering
 resting spores are abundant, the most important determinant of
 fungal effectiveness will be rainfall amount and pattern.
 
 
 182                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.A2B74 Meeting the demand for reduced insecticide usage in the
 production of high quality field vegetables.
 Thompson, A.R.; Suett, D.L.
 Surrey : British Crop Protection Council; 1986.
 Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases v. 3: p.
 897-906; 1986.  Paper presented at the British Crop Protection
 Conference, Pests and Diseases, November 17-20, 1986, Brighton,
 England.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Crop production; Insect control; Insecticides;
 Integrated control
 
 
 183                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J826 Milky disease bacterium as a stressor to increase
 susceptibility of scarabaeid larvae to an entomopathogenic
 nematode.
 Thurston, G.S.; Kaya, H.K.; Burlando, T.M.; Harrison, R.E.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Mar.
 Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 61 (2): p. 167-172; 1993 Mar. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Cyclocephala; Larvae; Mortality;
 Biological control; Bacillus popilliae; Insect control
 
 Abstract:  Mortality of Cyclocephala hirta by the entomopathogenic
 nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was enhanced in grubs
 infected with the milky disease bacterium, Bacillus popilliae (Bp).
 In concentration-response assays with the nematode, LC50 values and
 95% fiducial limits were 4.0 (<0.1, 14.6) infective juveniles per
 grub for Bp-infected insects and 47.7 (32.0, 64.7) for non-Bp-
 infected insects. The increased mortality of Bp-infected insects
 was partially attributed to rapid penetration of H. bacteriophora
 through the midgut wall. In in vitro assays with ligated midguts,
 the time required for H. bacteriophora to penetrate the midgut wall
 of Bp-infected grubs was 0.6 +/-0.1 hr, whereas the time required
 in non-Bp-infected grubs was 1.3 +/- 0.1 hr. Total nematode progeny
 production per milligram grub tissue did not differ significantly
 between Bp-infected and non-Bp-infected grubs. However, the
 proportion of progeny remaining trapped in the non-Bp-infected
 cadavers at the end of the assay was greater than the proportion
 remaining in Bp-infected cadavers (0.52 +/- 0.04 vs 0.13 +/- 0.05,
 respectively). These data indicate that coexistence of these two
 pathogens within a host can occur and that B. popilliae could be
 used as a stressor on C. hirta to increase its susceptibility to H.
 bacteriophora.
 
 
 184                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB599.P45 Mode of action of the postharvest biocontrol yeast,
 Pichia guilliermondii. I. Characterization of attachment to
 Botrytis cinerea.
 Wisniewski, M.; Biles, C.; Droby, S.; McLaughlin, R.; Wilson, C.;
 Chalutz, E. London : Academic Press; 1991 Oct.
 Physiological and molecular plant pathology v. 39 (4): p. 245-258;
 1991 Oct. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Apples; Botrytis cinerea; Postharvest decay;
 Biological control; Fungus control; Pichia; Mode of action; Host
 parasite relationships; Hyphae; Enzyme activity; Cell walls; Beta-
 glucanase; Binding; Comparisons; Debaryomyces hansenii; Biological
 control agents
 
 Abstract:  An isolate (87) of the yeast Pichia guilliermondii,
 protects apples from postharvest fruit rotting fungi Botrytis
 cinera and Pencillium expansum. In order to examine the yeast-
 pathogen interaction, B. cinera was grown on agar plates overlayed
 with cellophane. Effective and non-effective yeast isolates were
 applied near the young hyphal growth. Samples were taken 24 h later
 from the area where the fungi and yeast had intersected. Light
 microscopy revealed a general attachment of the effective
 biocontrol agent P. guilliermondii (isolate 87) and a non-effective
 isolate (117) of Debaryomyces hansenii. Low temperature scanning
 electron microscopy (LTSEM) indicated that both species of yeast
 attached to the fungal hyphae, but the 87 isolate attached
 fastidiously. Twenty-four hours after applying the 87 isolate to B.
 cinera, pitting and collapse of the hyphae were observed. These
 observations were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy.
 These features were not observed with the ineffective isolate of D.
 hansenii. Further experiments indicated that attachment of P.
 guilliermondii to hyphae of B. cinera could be blocked by agents
 that alter protein integrity (salts, proteases, etc.) and certain
 sugars. Isolates of both species produced beta-(1-3) glucanase when
 cultured in various carbon sources and on cell walls of fruit
 rotting pathogens. Culture supernatants from P. guilliermondii,
 however, yielded two-to five-fold more beta-(1-3) glucanase
 activity compared with D. hansenii. Data indicate that tenacious
 attachment, along with secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes,
 may play a role in the biocontrol activity of this yeast
 antagonist.
 
 
 185                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Mortality of eggs of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae) from predation by Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera:
 Coccinellidae). Hazzard, R.V.; Ferro, D.N.; Van Driesche, R.G.;
 Tuttle, A.F. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991
 Jun.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (3): p. 841-848; 1991 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Massachusetts; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Ova;
 Coleomegilla maculata; Predators of insect pests; Biological
 control agents
 
 Abstract:  Mortality to the egg stage of Colorado potato beetle,
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say), from endemic predators was assessed
 in unsprayed plots within commercial potato fields in western
 Massachusetts in 1986 and 1987. Direct measurement of recruitment
 into the egg stage and of losses to predation gave estimates of
 total stage-specific mortality for each generation of Colorado
 potato beetle and daily mortality rates. Abundance of endemic egg
 predators was measured through direct observation and trapping.
 Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), a coccinellid, was the most
 abundant predator and the only one consistently present whenever
 Colorado potato beetle eggs were in the field. Total mortality to
 eggs from predation was 39.9% in the second generation of 1986 and
 37.8% and 58.1% in the first and second generations of 1987,
 respectively. Daily mortality rate did not change significantly
 during large fluctuations in prey density. Results suggest that C.
 maculata can contribute to the control of both early and late
 generations of Colorado potato beetle and efforts to conserve this
 natural enemy will help reduce the need for chemical control.
 
 
 186                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N7S3 Natural enemies of vegetable insect pests described in
 new manual. VanderMark, S.
 Canton, N.Y. : Agricultural Division, St. Lawrence County
 Cooperative Extension Association; 1993 Jul.
 St. Lawrence County agricultural news v. 77 (7): p. 5; 1993 Jul.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Vegetables; Insect pests; Biological control; Natural
 enemies
 
 
 187                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 60.18 UN33 Natural enemies reduce pest populations in Turf.
 Potter, D.A.
 Far Hills, N.J. : United States Golf Association; 1992 Nov. USGA
 Green Section record v. 30 (6): p. 6-10; 1992 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kentucky; New Jersey; Florida; Indiana; Ohio; Lawns
 and turf; Beneficial insects; Pesticides; Pest control; Predators
 of insect pests
 
 
 188                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Natural plant compounds as pesticides.
 Duke, J.A.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 291-298; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: West Virginia; Hedeoma pulegioides; Pycnanthemum;
 Pesticidal plants; Databases
 
 
 189                                               NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.2.A1J58 Neighborhood protests Halt Park herbicides in
 Vancouver, Canada. Foley, D.
 Eugene, Or. : The Coalition; 1991.
 Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of the Northwest
 Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides v. 11 (4): p. 25; 1991.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Canada; Parks; Sports grounds; Integrated pest
 management; Herbicides; Dicamba; Mcpa; Social participation
 
 
 190                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 81 SO12 Nematode populations and peach tree survival, growth,
 and nutrition at an old orchard site.
 Evert, D.R.; Bertrand, P.F.; Mullinix, B.G. Jr
 Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
 Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v. 117
 (1): p. 6-13; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Prunus persica; Orchards; Old age; Live
 mulches; Paspalum notatum; Plant parasitic nematodes; Meloidogyne;
 Soil; Fumigation; Nematicides; Nematoda; Population change; Fruit
 trees; Growth; Survival; Plant nutrition; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge cv. Paraguayan-22)
 growing under newly planted peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]
 trees severely stunted the trees. Neither supplemental fertilizer
 nor irrigating with two 3.8-liters-hour-1 emitters per tree
 eliminated tree stunting; emitters were controlled by an automatic
 tensiometer set to maintain 3 kPa at a depth of 0.5 m under a tree
 in bahiagrass. Preplant fumigation with ethylene dibromide at 100
 liters-ha-1 increased tree growth, but not tree survival.
 Fenamiphos, a nematicide, applied under the trees each spring and
 fall at a rate of 11 kg-ha-1 had no positive effect on tree
 survival, tree growth, or nematode populations. Bahiagrass tended
 to suppress populations of Meloidogyne spp. under the trees.
 Meloidogyne spp. were the only nematodes present that had mean
 populations > 65 per 150 cm-3 of soil. Leaf concentrations of
 several elements differed between trees growing in bahiagrass sod
 and in bare ground treated with herbicides. Leaf Ca was low for all
 treatments in spite of a soil pH near 6.5 and adequate soil Ca. The
 severe stunting of trees grown in bahiagrass, irrespective of the
 other treatments, demonstrated that bahiagrass should not be grown
 under newly planted trees. The low populations of parasitic
 nematodes in bahiagrass showed that bahiagrass has potential as a
 preplant biological control of nematodes harmful to peach trees.
 Chemical name used: ethyl 3-methyl-4-(methylthio) phenyl (1-
 methylethyl) phosphoramidate (fenamiphos).
 
 
 191                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 NERISK: an expert system to enhance the integration of
 pesticides with arthropod biological control.
 Messing, R.H.; Croft, B.A.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Jul. Acta horticulturae (276): p. 15-19; 1990 Jul.  Paper presented
 at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in
 Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5-8, 1989, Logan,
 Utah.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Arthropod pests; Biological control; Pesticides;
 Expert systems; Integrated pest management
 
 Abstract:  An expert system termed NERISK was developed to evaluate
 the effects of pesticides on arthropod predators and parasitoids in
 a variety of agroecosystems. Based on a shell system (RECOG) with
 minor coding modifications, the system was designed to let even a
 novice user access the vast amount of information available on
 pesticide impacts on natural enemies. A large database (ca. 16,000
 records), a simulation model of microbial pesticide effects, and
 several expert opnion components have been organized and integrated
 into an easy-to-use yet robust program. This system can assist
 academic, industry, and regulatory personnel make decisions
 regarding the integration of pesticides with biological control
 agents in many cropping systems.
 
 
 192                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 New IPM tool for citrus growers.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1993 Jan. California grower v. 17 (1): p. 9, 11; 1993 Jan.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Citrus fruits; Pest control; Integrated
 pest management; Cost benefit analysis; Energy cost of production;
 Crop yield; Insecticides; Biological control; Safety; Book reviews
 
 
 193                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 A new mite problem in avocados.
 Bender, G.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1992 Apr. California grower v. 16 (9): p. 8, 10; 1992 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Persea Americana; Oligonychus peruvianus;
 Typhlodromus; Pest control; Biological control agents; Sulfur;
 Propargite; Spread
 
 
 194                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 448.3 AP5 Novel Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal
 protein with a silent activity against coleopteran larvae.
 Lambert, B.; Hofte, H.; Annys, K.; Jansens, S.; Soetaert, P.;
 Peferoen, M. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology;
 1992 Aug. Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (8): p.
 2536-2542; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control; Proteins;
 Toxicity; Crystals; Amino acid sequences; Nucleotide sequences;
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Larvae
 
 Abstract:  A novel Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein with a
 silent activity against the Colorado potato beetle is described.
 The crystal proteins are produced as bipyramidal crystals. These
 crystals contain a protein of 129 kDa with a trypsin-resistant core
 fragment of 72 kDa. Neither a spore-crystal mixture nor in vitro-
 solubilized crystals are toxic to any of several Lepidoptera and
 Coleoptera species tested. In contrast, a trypsin-treated solution
 containing the 72-kDa tryptic core fragment of the protoxin is
 highly toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae. The crystal protein-
 encoding gene was cloned and sequenced. The inferred amino acid
 sequence of the putative toxic fragment has 37, 32, and 33%
 homology to the CryIIIA, CryIIIB, and CryIIID toxins, respectively.
 Interestingly, the 501 C-terminal amino acids show 41 to 48% amino
 acid identity with corresponding C-terminal amino acid sequences of
 other crystal proteins. Because of the toxicity of the fragment to
 the Colorado potato beetle and because of the distinct similarities
 of the toxic fragment with the other CryIII proteins, this gene was
 given a new subclass name (cryIIIC) within the CryIII class of
 coleopteran-active crystal proteins. CryIIIC represents the first
 example of a crystal protein with a silent activity towards
 coleopteran insect larvae. Natural CryIIIC crystals are not toxic.
 Toxicity is revealed only after an in vitro solubilization and
 activation step.
 
 
 195                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Nutrient competition as a mode of action of postharvest
 biocontrol agents. Droby, S.; Chalutz, E.; Cohen, L.; Weiss, B.;
 Wilson, C.; Wisniewski, M. Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 142-160; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Grapefruits; Postharvest decay; Biological control;
 Pichia; Penicillium digitatum
 
 
 196                                             NAL Call. No.:
 SB945.F8F7 1989 Observations on fruit flies of the island of Ischia
 (Naples). Fimiani, P.; Sollino, G.
 Rotterdam : Published for the Commission of the European
 Communities by A.A. Balkema; 1989.
 Fruit flies of economic importance 87 : proceedings of the CEC/IOBC
 International Symposium, Rome 7-10, April 1987 / edited by R.
 Cavalloro. p. 571-577; 1989. (EUR).  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Italy; Bactrocera oleae; Ceratitis capitata;
 Rhagoletis cerasi; Hosts of plant pests; Hymenoptera; Opius
 concolor; Parasites of insect pests
 
 
 197                                           NAL Call. No.:
 SB945.L68M67 1990 On seasonal inoculative biological control.
 Minkenberg, Oscar P. J. M.
 Netherlands : O.P.J.M. Minkenberg,; 1990.
 230 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Summary, preface, and resume also in Dutch. 
 Subtitle on added t.p.: Governing Liriomyza populations by
 parasitoids.  Stellingen in Dutch in pocket.  Includes
 bibliographical references (p. [203]-230).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Liriomyza
 
 
 198                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Opiine parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of oriental
 fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Kauai Island, Hawaii:
 islandwide relative abundance and parasitism rates in wild and
 orchard guava habitats.
 Vargas, R.I.; Stark, J.D.; Uchida, G.K.; Purcell, M.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
 Environmental entomology v. 22 (1): p. 246-253; 1993 Feb.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Psidium cattleyanum; Psidium guajava;
 Bactrocera dorsalis; Incidence; Population dynamics; Parasites of
 insect pests; Braconidae
 
 Abstract:  During a 2-yr survey of Klauai Island, four species of
 opiine parasitoids were recovered from host fruits infested with
 Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) [=Dacus dorsalis Hendel]: Biosteres
 arisanus (Sonan), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), Psyttalia
 incisi (Silvestri), and Biosteres vandenboschi (Fullaway). These
 species constituted 87.5, 9, 2.4, and 1.1% of the total parasitoids
 recovered in 1988, and 95.1, 0.9, 4, and 0.04% of the total
 parasitoids recovered in 1989, respectively. Total islandwide
 opiine parasitism rates on the basis of live parasitoids recovered
 from oriental fruit fly pupae were 41.4% in 1988 and 53% in 1989.
 Wild common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava,
 Psidium cattleianum Sabine, were the most prevalent hosts infested
 with oriental fruit fly encountered during our roadside survey.
 Population studies in a large commercial common guava orchard
 indicated that oriental fruit fly infestation of fruits was
 correlated with infestation of wild common guava fruits in
 surrounding wild habitats. Positive correlations between numbers of
 B. arisanus, the dominant parasitoid, and numbers oriental fruit
 fly indicated a density-dependent relationship. Overall, percentage
 parasitism of B. arisanus was significantly higher in wild habitats
 than in orchard habitats. Relative abundance of D. longicaudata, P.
 incisi, and B. vandenboschi were significantly higher in orchard
 habitats than in wild habitats.
 
 
 199                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 420 EN86 Orius thripoborus (Anthocoridae), a potential
 biocontrol agent of Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis and Selenothrips
 rubrocinctus (Thripidae) on avocado fruits in the eastern
 Transvaal.
 Dennill, G.B.
 Pretoria : The Society; 1992 Aug.
 Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa v. 55 (2):
 p. 255-258; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South  Africa; Persea Americana; Heliothrips
 haemorrhoidalis; Selenothrips rubrocinctus; Orius; Insect control;
 Biological control agents
 
 
 200                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 M58B Ornamental pest management: a training manual for
 commercial pesticide applicators (category 3b).
 Sicheneder, K.
 East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Jan.
 Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan
 State University (2291): 68 p.; 1991 Jan.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ornamental plants; Pest management; Pesticides;
 Integrated pest management; Techniques; Insect control; Poisoning;
 Safety; Weed control; Diseases; Disease control
 
 
 201                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Our workshop as a bridge between research and
 commercialization. Chalutz, E.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 31-33; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Postharvest decay; Biological control; Research
 projects
 
 
 202                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 QL391.N4J62 Parasitism of Heliocotylenchus lobus by Pasteuria
 penetrans in naturally infested soil.
 Ciancio, A.; Mankau, R.; Mundo-Ocampo, M.
 Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1992 Mar.
 Journal of nematology v. 24 (1): p. 29-35; 1992 Mar.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Lawns and turf; Plant parasitic nematodes;
 Parasitism; Population density; Morphology; Ultrastructure;
 Biological control agents; Bacteria
 
 Abstract:  The population density of Helicotylenchus lobus and the
 percentage of the population with spores of Pasteuria penetrans
 were determined for 10 monthly intervals in naturally infested
 turfgrass soil at Riverside, California. The percentage of
 nematodes with attached spores ranged from 40% to 67%. No
 relationship was found between nematode density and the percentage
 of nematodes with spores. The mean and maximum numbers of spores
 adhering per nematode with at least one spore ranged from 2 to 8
 and 7 to 66, respectively. The mean number of spores per nematode
 (based on total number of H. lobus) was correlated with the
 percentage of nematodes with spores. Spores adhered to both adult
 and juvenile H. lobus. Between 9% and 32% of the nematodes with
 spores had been penetrated and infected by the bacterium. Many
 infected nematodes were dead, but mature spores were also observed
 within living adult and juvenile H. lobus that exhibited no
 apparent reduction in viability and motility. Spore and central
 endospore diameters of this P. penetrans isolate were larger than
 those reported for the type isolate from Meloidogyne incognita, but
 transmission and scanning electron microscopy did not reveal
 significant morphological differences between the two isolates.
 Spores of the isolate associated with H. lobus did not adhere to
 juveniles of M. incognita.
 
 
 203                                            NAL Call. No.:
 SB945.F8F76 1993 The parasitoid complexes of frugivorous fruit
 flies of central Europe. Hoffmeister, T.
 New York : Springer-Verlag; 1993.
 Fruit flies : biology and management / Martin Aluja, Pablo Liedo,
 editors. p. 125-127; 1993.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rhagoletis; Biological control; Parasitoids
 
 
 204                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB599.C8 Parasitoids of the grapeleaf skeletonizer, Harrisina
 brillians Barnes and McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in
 northwestern Mexico. Guerra-Sobrevilla, L.
 Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1991 Dec.
 Crop protection v. 10 (6): p. 501-503; 1991 Dec.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mexico; Vitis vinifera; Harrisina brillians; Parasites
 of insect pests; Surveys; Natural enemies; Biological control
 agents; Tachinidae; Eupelmidae; Chalcididae; Eulophidae;
 Parasitoids
 
 
 205                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Patent protection for microorganisms and their use in
 biocontrol. Wieder, S.C.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 229-233; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Biological control agents; Patients
 
 
 206                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Persistence of control of Japanese beetle
 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae with steinernematid and
 heterorhabditid nematodes.
 Klein, M.G.; Georgis, R.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (3): p. 727-730; 1992 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Lawns and turf; Popillia japonica; Larvae;
 Persistence; Biological control; Entomophilic nematodes;
 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Neoaplectana carpocapsae
 
 Abstract:  Field tests were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate
 control of japanese beetle larvae, Popillia japonica Newman, in
 turfgrass plots by heterorhabditid and steinernematid nematodes.
 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (NC strain) reduced
 populations a maximum of 60%, 34 d after a fall 1986 treatment.
 Control increased to 96% before pupation the following spring, and
 was 93-99% of the next larval generation. Application of
 Steinernema (= Neoaplectana) carpocapsae Weiser (All strain)
 provided a maximum of 51% control after 34 d, 90% the next spring
 (290 d after treatment), and 0% after 386 d. A spring 1987
 application of H. bacteriophora resulted in 68% control 28 d after
 treatment, and up to 67% of the following generation of japanese
 beetle larvae in the fall (138 d after treatment). H. bacteriophora
 (HP88 strain) gave 100% control after 28 d in the spring of 1987,
 and 93-97% control of the next generation of larvae. No adverse
 effects on nontarget organisms (mites or collembola) were observed
 28 d after treatments with any of the nematodes. Our data show that
 nematodes reproduce in japanese beetle larvae, survive in the field
 in turfgrass, and have an influence on target hosts for a longer
 period of time than previously demonstrated.
 
 
 207                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB957.R47 Pesticide-resistant parasite evaluated for
 implementation.
 Hoy, M.A.
 East Lansing, Mich. : Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State
 University; 1991 Feb.
 Resistant pest management v. 3 (1): p. 7-9; 1991 Feb.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Juglans regia; Trioxys pallidus;
 Insecticide resistance; Biological control; Integrated pest
 management; Genetic improvement
 
 
 208                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aT223.V4A4 Pichia guilliermondii (Anamorph candida guilliermondii)
 useful for the biological control of postharvest rots in fruits.
 Wilson, C.L.; Chalutz, E.
 Washington, D.C.? : The Department; 1991 Aug20.
 United States Department of Agriculture patents (5,041,384): 1 p.;
 1991 Aug20.  Copies of USDA patents are available for a fee from
 the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, U.S. Patents and
 Trademarks Office, Washington, D.C. 20231.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Italy; Fruit; Storage decay; Decay fungi;
 Plant disease control; Pichia; Biological control agents;
 Hyperparasitism; Usda; Patents
 
 Abstract:  The present invention is drawn to processes for
 biologically controlling postharvest disease in fruit using
 isolates of Pichia guilliermondii having the identifying
 characteristics of NRRL Y-18313, NRRL Y-18314, and NRRL Y-18654.
 The organisms were isolated from the surface of citrus fruits and
 are useful to control a variety of fruit-rot pathogens in a variety
 of fruits. Also disclosed is a biologically pure culture of at
 least one isolate of Pichia guilliermondii having the identifying
 characteristics of an isolate selected from the group consisting of
 NRRL Y-18313, NRRL Y-18314, and NRRL Y-18654.
 
 
 209                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB925.B5 Pilot testing of Pichia guilliermondii: a biocontrol
 agenat of postharvest diseases of citrus fruit.
 Droby, S.; Hofstein, R.; Wilson, C.L.; Wisniewski, M.; Fridlender,
 B.; Cohen, L.; Weiss, B.; Daus, A.; Timar, D.; Chalutz, E.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Mar.
 Biological control v. 3 (1): p. 47-52; 1993 Mar.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Citrus fruits; Pichia; Biological control; Fungus
 control; Postharvest decay; Inhibition; Penicillium digitatum;
 Spore germination; In vitro; Thiabendazole; Efficacy; Application
 methods
 
 
 210                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 421 EN895 Pitfall trap catches of an aphid predation by
 Pterostichus melanarius and Pterostichus madidus in insecticide
 treated and untreated potatoes. Dixon, P.L.; McKinlay, R.G.
 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jul.
 Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 64 (1): p. 63-72; 1992
 Jul. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Aphidoidea; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;
 Biological control; Demeton-s-methyl; Pitfall traps; Pterostichus
 madidus; Pterostichus melanarius; Predators of insect pests
 
 
 211                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Planned parenthood for codling moths.
 Swezey, S.L.; Vossen, P.; Caprile, J.; Bentley, W.; Blodgett, S.;
 Varela, L. Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management
 Corporation; 1993 Apr. California grower v. 17 (4): p. 25-27; 1993
 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Malus pumila; Cydia pomonella; Pheromones;
 Insect control; Biological control; Insecticide resistance;
 Regulation; Federal government; Mating; Disruption; Integrated pest
 management; Cost benefit analysis
 
 
 212                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 QL391.N4J62 A plant health care program for brambles in the Pacific
 Northwest. McElroy, F.D.
 Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1992 Sep.
 Journal of nematology v. 24 (3): p. 457-462; 1992 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pacific states of U.S.A.; Rubus; Pratylenchus
 penetrans; Xiphinema Americanum; Xiphinema; Nematode control;
 Integrated pest management
 
 Abstract:  Pratylenchus and Xiphinema species have been associated
 brambles (Rubus species) in the Pacific Northwest of the United
 States. These nematodes cause direct feeding damage and (or)
 transmit viruses that result in poor fruit quality and plant
 decline. A nematode management program has been developed by the
 author to minimize chemical use and nematode-induced damage while
 optimizing fruit production. Nematode management is an integral
 part of a total plant health care program in which foliar and soil
 pests, plant stresses, and fertility are managed.
 
 
 213                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 QL461.E532 Population dynamics of the Colorado potato beetle
 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on a native host in Mexico.
 Cappaert, D.L.; Drummond, F.A.; Logan, P.A.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (6): p. 1549-1555; 1991 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mexico; Solanum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Population
 dynamics; Predators; Parasites; Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  The population dynamics of the Colorado potato beetle,
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), were studied in central Mexico in
 1987 and 1988. During the June-October rainy season, three
 generations were observed in 1987 and two in 1988. Predation and
 parasitism were found to be important mortality factors,
 particularly late in the season, contributing to generation
 mortality as high as 99.8%. Time series cross-correlation was used
 to estimate synchrony of Colorado potato beetle eggs with
 predators. Predators, including asopine pentatomids, carabids,
 thomisid spiders, and coccinellids, were abundant and well
 synchronized with developing Colorado potato beetle late in 1987,
 corresponding to the period of highest mortality.
 
 
 214                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 60.18 UN33 Post-emergence crabgrass and goosegrass control:
 practical IPM. Zontek, S.J.
 Far Hills, N.J. : United States Golf Association; 1992 Jul. USGA
 Green Section record v. 30 (4): p. 17-18; 1992 Jul.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Digitaria; Eleusine indica; Lawns and turf; Weed
 control; Integrated pest management; Chemical control
 
 
 215                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 442.8 AN72 Postharvest biological control of Penicillium digitatum
 decay on citrus fruit by Bacillus pumilus.
 Huang, Y.; Wild, B.L.; Morris, S.C.
 Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb.
 Annals of applied biology v. 120 (2): p. 367-372; 1992 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Citrus sinensis; Citrus limon; Oranges; Lemons;
 Penicillium digitatum; Bacillus pumilus; Antagonists; Biological
 control agents; Postharvest decay; Biological control; Inoculum
 density; Benomyl; Imazalil; Guazatine; In vitro
 
 
 216                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB327.M52 Potato leafhopper update.
 Landis, D.
 Saginaw, Mich. : Michigan Bean Shippers Association; 1991.
 Michigan dry bean digest v. 15 (3): p. 12-13; 1991.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dry beans; Insect pests; Leafhoppers; Insecticides;
 Biological control; Chemical control
 
 
 217                                               NAL Call. No.:
 SB319.2.F6F56 Potential for biological control of phytoparasitic
 nematodes in bermudagrass turf with isolates of the Pasteuria
 penetrans groups.
 Giblin-Davis, R.M.
 S.l. : The Society; 1991 Jun.
 Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State
 Horticulture Society v. 103: p. 349-351; 1991 Jun.  Meeting held
 December 17-19, 1990, Lake Buena Vista, Florida.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Cynodon dactylon; Plant parasitic nematodes;
 Biological control; Nematode control; Bacillus penetrans
 
 
 218                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Potential for biological control of the stink bug
 Nezara viridula, a pest of macadamias.
 Bennett, F.D.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Jul. Acta horticulturae (275): p. 679-684; 1990 Jul.  Paper
 presented at the "International Symposium on the Culture of
 Subtropical and Tropical Fruits and Crops," Volume II, November
 6-10, 1989, Nelspruit, South Africa.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Macadamia; Nezara viridula; Insect pests; Pest
 control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  Nezara viridula (L.) attacks a wide range of crops in
 the tropics and subtropics and is a major pest of macadamias.
 Biological control of this stink bug, by the introduction of
 parasitoids, has been attempted in several countries with different
 levels of success. The combined action of the egg parasitoid
 Trissolcus basalis and adult parasitoid Trichopoda pilipes has
 provided successful control of N. viridula on macadamias in Hawaii.
 There are several additional parasitoids including the South
 American tachinids Eutrichopodopsis nitens, Trichopoda giacomellii,
 T. nigrifrontalis and Ectophasiopsis arcuata which have not been
 exploited. The potential of these and other parasitoids for
 biological control of N. viridula in macadamias, is discussed.
 
 
 219                                              NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.S83 1993 The potential for integrated pest management in
 California vegetable production.
 Goodall, P.B.; Zalom, F.G.
 Boca Raton, Fla. : Lewis Publishers; 1993.
 Successful implementation of integrated pest management for
 agricultural crops / edited by Anne R. Leslie, Gerrit W. Cuperus.
 p. 75-94; 1993.  Paper presented at the National Forum on
 Agricultural IPM held June 17-19, 1992 in Arlington, VA., organized
 by the Environmental Chemistry Division, American Chemical Society. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Vegetables; Crop production; Integrated
 pest management
 
 
 220                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: QL461.A52 Potential for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis:
 Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae--a model system.
 Ferro, D.N.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993.
 American entomologist v. 39 (1): p. 38-44; 1993.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Transgenics; Endotoxins; Gene
 expression; Pest resistance; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Insecticide
 resistance; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control agents
 
 
 221                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 79.9 C122 Potential for weed control with allelopathy in
 turfgrass.
 Elmore, C.L.
 Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1990.
 Proceedings - California Weed Conference (42): p. 214-216; 1990. 
 Meeting held January 15-17, 1990, San Jose, California.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Allelopathy; Weed control; Biological
 control
 
 
 222                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB951.P47 Practical crop protection in a glasshouse
 environment.
 Veanman, A.F.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
 Pesticide science v. 36 (4): p. 363-364; 1992.  Paper presented at
 the symposium "Integrated Control of Pests and Diseases in
 Protected Crops and Greenhouses," May 19-20, 1992, Noordwijkerhout,
 The Netherlands.  Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Netherlands; Greenhouse crops; Integrated pest
 management; Biological control agents; Biological control;
 Predators of insect pests; Insect pests; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Integrated pest management in glasshouse crops in the
 Netherlands is discussed with particular reference to existing and
 potential biological control agents and methods.
 
 
 223                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: QL461.G4 Predation of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae) eggs and larvae by Chrysoperla rufilabris
 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae in the laboratory and field cages.
 Nordlund, D.A.; Vacek, D.C.; Ferro, D.N.
 Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1991 Oct.
 Journal of entomological science v. 26 (4): p. 443-449; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Ova; Larvae; Chrysoperla
 rufilabris; Predators of insect pests; Biological control agents
 
 
 224                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Preharvest and postharvest biological control of
 Rhizopus and Botrylis bunch rots of table grapes with antagonistic
 yeasts.
 Ben-Arie, R.; Droby, S.; Zutkhi, J.; Cohen, L.; Weiss, B.; Sarig,
 P.; Zeidman, M.; Daus, A.; Chalutz, E.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 100-113; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Grapes; Postharvest decay; Rhizopus stolonifer;
 Botrytis cinerea; Decay fungi; Biological control; Pichia; Yeasts
 
 
 225                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Prepupal and pupal parasitism of Helicoverpa zea and
 Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Steinernema sp.
 in cornfields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley.
 Raulston, J.R.; Pair, S.D.; Loera, J.; Cabanillas, H.E.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1666-1670; 1992 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mexico; Texas; Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera frugiperda;
 Biological control; Neoaplectana; Steinernema; Parasites of insect
 pests
 
 Abstract:  An indigenous Steinernema sp. (Rhabditida:
 Steinernematidae) nematode parasitized prepupae and pupae of corn
 earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera
 frugiperda (J. E. Smith), collected from fruiting cornfields in the
 Lower Rio Grande Valley, of Texas and northern Tamaulipas, Mexico.
 Over a 5-yr period, 34% of all fields sampled contained parasitized
 corn earworm and 24.2% contained parasitized fall armyworm. Of
 3,036 corn earworm prepupae and pupae collected during this study,
 11.6% were parasitized; of 1,802 fall armyworm collected, 9.3% were
 parasitized. Parasitism by Steinernema sp. accounted for 49.4 and
 46.1% of the mortality of corn earworm and fall armyworm prepupae
 and pupae, respectively.
 
 
 226                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: S481.R4 Presence/absence sampling for greenhouse whitefly on
 tomatoes. Johnson, M.W.; Tabashnik, B.E.; Jones, V.P.
 Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture and
 Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension
 Service (134): p. 69-73; 1991 Dec.  Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP
 Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Lycopersicon esculentum; Trialeurodes
 vaporariorum; Sampling; Integrated pest management; Pesticides
 
 
 227                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 P193 Prevalence of two Bacillus popilliae Dutky
 morphotypes and blue disease in Cyclocephala hirta Leconte
 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) populations in California.
 Kaya, H.K.; Klein, M.G.; Burlando, T.M.
 San Francisco, Calif. : Pacific Coast Entomological Society; 1992
 Jan. The Pan-Pacific entomologist v. 68 (1): p. 38-45. ill; 1992
 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Lawns and turf; Cyclocephala; Biological
 control; Bacillus popilliae; Host parasite relationships;
 Rickettsiaceae
 
 
 228                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Progress slow on Perseae mite control.
 Thompson, W.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1993 May. California grower v. 17 (5): p. 35; 1993 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Persea Americana; Mite control; Biological
 control; Grants; Research support
 
 
 229                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: S481.R4 Prospects for biological control of the fruit piercing
 moth, Othreis fullonia (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
 Sands, D.P.A.; Broe, R.
 Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture and
 Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension
 Service (134): p. 155-158; 1991 Dec.  Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP
 Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Western samoa; Papua new guinea; Fruit crops; Eudocima
 fullonia; Biological control; Parasites of insect pests; Telenomus;
 Ooencyrtus; Evaluation
 
 
 230                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Prospects for integrated control of the Colorado
 potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) using Perillus bioculatus
 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and various pesticides.
 Hough-Goldstein, J.; Keil, C.B.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1645-1651; 1991 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Delaware; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata; Perillus bioculatus; Biological control agents;
 Integrated control; Mortality; Bacillus thuringiensis; Cryolite;
 Endosulfan; Oxamyl; Insecticidal action; Neem seed extract;
 Piperonyl butoxide; Rotenone; Toxicity
 
 Abstract:  Endosulfan, oxamyl, and esfenvalarate all were highly
 toxic to Perillus bioculatus (F.), a predator of the Colorado
 potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Toxicity assays
 consisted of topical application to eggs, nymphs, and adults;
 exposure of nymphs to treated foliage; and ingestion by P.
 bioculatus nymphs of Colorado potato beetle larvae previously
 exposed to treated foliage. P. bioculatus egg hatch was unaffected
 by topical application of the pesticides. Topical application of
 neem seed extract to third-instar nymphs delayed molting and caused
 deformities after the molt in some insects, whereas the synergist
 piperonyl butoxide and the botanical insecticide rotenone caused
 significant mortality. Cryolite (sodium fluoaluminate), Bacillus
 thuringiensis var. san diego, horticultural oil, insecticidal soap,
 and three fungicides (chlorothalonil, maneb, and metalaxyl) caused
 very little predator mortality at any life stage tested. A control
 program using these materials would likely be compatible with the
 natural buildup of P. bioculatus populations or with augmentative
 release of this predator. In a small-plot field study, release of
 P. bioculatus in conjunction with bacterial insecticides provided
 significant control of Colorado potato beetles for at least 2 wk,
 suppressing larval populations by 76% compared with plots treated
 only with bacterial insecticides.
 
 
 231                                               NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.2.A1J58 Reducing golf course pesticide use: three examples.
 1. IPM: good business at Florida's John's Island Club.
 Goldsby, L.
 Eugene, Or. : The Coalition; 1991.
 Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of the Northwest
 Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides v. 11 (3): p. 5-7; 1991.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Golf courses; Integrated pest management;
 Pesticides; Lawns and turf
 
 
 232                                               NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.2.A1J58 Reducing golf course pesticide use: three examples.
 2. IPM at work: Townson, Maryland's Pine Ridge golf courses.
 Greenspan, N.T.
 Eugene, Or. : The Coalition; 1991.
 Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of the Northwest
 Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides v. 11 (3): p. 7-9; 1991. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Maryland; Golf courses; Integrated pest management;
 Pest control; Costs; Lawns and turf
 
 
 233                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 26 T754 Rejuvenation of a peach orchard in the highlands of
 Guatemala through integrated management.
 Williams, W.T.; Cifuentes, S.; Aguila, V. del; Perez, R.
 London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Oct.
 Tropical agriculture v. 69 (4): p. 341-346; 1992 Oct.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Guatemala; Prunus persica; Pruning; Crop management;
 Crop yield; Coryneum; Crop damage; Frost injury; Integrated
 control; Monilia; Orchards; Highlands
 
 
 234                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Relative and seasonal abundance of beneficial
 arthropods in centipedegrass as influence by management practices.
 Braman, S.K.; Pendley, A.F.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (2): p. 494-504; 1993 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Eremochloa ophiuroides; Arthropod
 communities; Beneficial arthropods; Fertilizers; Interactions;
 Monitoring; Nontarget effects; Parasites of insect pests;
 Pesticidal action; Predators of insect pests; Seasonal abundance
 
 Abstract:  Pitfall traps were used to monitor the seasonal activity
 of arthropod predators, parasitoids, and decomposers in replicated
 plots of centipedegrass turf for 3 yr (1989-1991) at two locations.
 During 1990 and 1991, the influence of single or combined
 herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizer applications on these
 beneficials was assessed. In total, 21 species of carabids in 13
 genera and 17 species of staphylinids in 14 genera were represented
 in pitfall-trap collections. Nonsminthurid collembolans, ants,
 spiders, and parasitic Hymenoptera were adversely affected in the
 short term by insecticide applications targeting the twolined
 spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say). Other taxa, notably oribatid
 Acari, increased over time in response to pesticide or fertilizer
 applications. Although various taxa were reduced by pesticide
 application during three of four sample intervals, a lack of
 overall differences in season totals suggests that the disruptive
 influence of certain chemical management practices may be less
 severe than expected in the landscape.
 
 
 235                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N7A4 Report on lawn pesticides fails to provide solutions,
 Cornell deans says. Shulman, M.
 Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
 Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1989 Jul.
 Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
 County. p. 1, 3; 1989 Jul.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Lawns and turf; Integrated pest management;
 Pesticides; Regulations
 
 
 236                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Residual activity of insecticides under field
 conditions for controlling the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae).
 Ferro, D.N.; Yuan, Q.C.; Slocombe, A.; Tuttle, A.F.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (2): p. 511-516; 1993 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Massachusetts; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata; Larvae; Mortality; Biological control; Bacillus
 thuringiensis; Chemical control; Field experimentation; Insect
 control; Insecticides; Residual effects
 
 Abstract:  Data are presented on the residual activity of several
 insecticides against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata (Say), when applied to potato foliage under field
 conditions. Treated foliage was returned to the laboratory and fed
 to early (first and second), third, and fourth instars and adults.
 Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. tenebrionis (M-One) caused
 85% mortality of early instars at 1 h after application, and < 5%
 at 48 h. B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (M-Trak) caused 90%
 mortality of early instars at 1 h and 20% at 72 h. Oxamyl (Vydate)
 + endosulfan (Thiodan) caused 98% mortality of early instars at 1
 h and 15% at 48 h. Esfenvalerate (Asana) caused 78% mortality of
 early instars at 1 h and 30% at 48 h. Cryolite (Kryocide) caused
 100% mortality of early instars at 1 h and 90% mortality after 96
 h.
 
 
 237                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Response of oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
 and associated parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to different-
 color spheres. Vargas, R.I.; Stark, J.D.; Prokopy, R.J.; Green,
 T.A.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (5): p. 1503-1507; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Psidium guajava; Bactrocera dorsalis;
 Biological control agents; Biosteres; Biosteres arisanus; Biosteres
 longicaudatus; Opius; Parasites of insect pests; Population
 dynamics; Monitoring; Color; Insect attractants
 
 Abstract:  Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, captures were
 higher on yellow and white than on orange, red, light green, dark
 green, blue, and black spheres hung in guava (Psidium guajava L.)
 trees. Captures were greater on 4-cm than on 2-cm yellow spheres.
 During a series of four 1-wk study periods, mean numbers of D.
 dorsalis captured on yellow and white spheres were 4.4 and 6.3
 flies per sphere, respectively. Four species of D. dorsalis
 parasitoids were also captured on 4-cm yellow and white spheres:
 Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri), Biosteres
 vandenboschi (Fullaway), and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
 (Ashmead). These species constituted 84.1, 5.3, 5.3, and 5.3%,
 respectively, of the total braconid parasitoids captured on yellow
 spheres and 83.3, 10.5, 3.1, and 3.1%, respectively, of the total
 parasitoids captured on white spheres. Mean numbers of B. arisanus,
 the most abundant opiine parasitoid, were 1.6 wasps per yellow
 sphere and 0.8 wasp per white sphere. This research indicates
 yellow or white spheres would be useful devices for monitoring D.
 dorsalis and parasitoid populations simultaneously.
 
 
 238                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 QD415.A1J6 Responses of laboratory-strain Mexican fruit flies,
 Anastrepha ludens, to combinations of fermenting fruit odor and
 male-produced pheromone in laboratory bioassays.
 Robacker, D.C.; Garcia, J.A.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (6): p. 2027-2038; 1990 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Anastrepha ludens; Sex pheromones; Sex attractants;
 Fruit; Odors; Fermentation; Combination; Insect control; Biological
 control
 
 Abstract:  The attractiveness to A. ludens adults of a combination
 of odor of fermented chapote fruit and pheromone was compared to
 attractiveness of both chapote and pheromone in laboratory
 bioassays. The chemical treatments were tested on 2-day-old and 10-
 to 12-day-old (sexually immature and mature, respectively), virgin
 and mated, nonstarved and starved, males and females during the
 early afternoon when flies were sexually inactive and the late
 afternoon when sexually mature flies were sexually active. The
 chapote-pheromone combination was equal to chapote odor alone in
 attractiveness to males and mated females. Pheromone partially
 inhibited attraction of immature females to chapote odor. Chapote
 odor almost completely inhibited attraction of sexually active
 females to pheromone. The potential for using a combination of
 chapote and pheromone as a trap bait is discussed.
 
 
 239                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 A review and current status of research on enhancement
 of biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit by use of
 calcium salts with yeasts. McLaughlin, R.J.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 184-194; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Apples; Postharvest decay; Biological control; Candida
 guilliermondii; Calcium
 
 
 240                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Role of chemical fungicides and biological agents in
 postharvest disease control.
 Eckert, J.W.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 14-30; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Postharvest decay; Disease control; Fungicides;
 Biological control
 
 
 241                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 23 AU792 Sampling for the potato moth (Phthorimaea
 operculella) and its parasitoids). Horne, P.A.
 East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
 Organization; 1993.
 Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 33 (1): p. 91-96;
 1993. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Victoria; Solanum tuberosum; Phthorimaea operculella;
 Biological control; Insecticides; Apanteles subandinus; Copidosoma
 koehleri; Orgilus lepidus; Parasites of insect pests; Monitoring;
 Pheromone traps; Sex pheromones; Sampling; Site factors
 
 
 242                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Scaling-up the production for application of an
 antagonist--from basic research to R & D.
 Hofstein, R.; Droby, S.; Chalutz, E.; Wilson, C.; Fridlender, B.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 197-210; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Postharvest decay; Biological control
 
 
 243                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB925.B5 Seasonal cycles of Myiopharus aberrans and M.
 doryphorae (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitizing Colorado potato
 beetles in upstate New York.
 Gollands, B.; Tauber, M.J.; Tauber, C.A.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Aug.
 Biological control v. 1 (2): p. 153-163; 1991 Aug.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: New York; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Plant pests;
 Biological control agents; Parasites of insect pests; Myiopharus;
 Myiopharus doryphorae; Phenology; Seasonal variation; Diapause;
 Estivation; Overwintering; Life cycle; Host parasite relationships
 
 
 244                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Selection of a Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae) strain resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis.
 Whalon, M.E.; Miller, D.L.; Hollingworth, R.M.; Grafius, E.J.;
 Miller, J.R. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993
 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (2): p. 226-233; 1993 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Michigan; Solanum tuberosum; Transgenics; Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata; Cross resistance; Endotoxins; Feeding behavior;
 Insecticide resistance; Oviposition; Biological control; Bacillus
 thuringiensis
 
 Abstract:  For the first time, resistance to the CRYIIIA
 coleopteran specific delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var.
 san diego or tenebrionis is reported. Colorado potato beetles,
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), were selected in the laboratory
 after exposure in potato fields in Michigan. After 12 generations
 of selection, the selected strain was 59 times more resistant than
 the unselected strain and 24-35 times more resistant than other
 susceptible or insecticide-resistant strains. We observed no cross-
 resistance between organophosphate, carbamate, or pyrethroid
 resistance and B. thuringiensis resistance. No difference in
 movement induced by B. thuringiensis or initial feeding behavior
 was observed between selected and unselected strains, although a
 shift toward petiole feeding behavior was observed in adults (of
 both strains) that were stressed by B. thuringiensis. The selected
 strain oviposited at a reduced rate of 0.1 +/- 0.15 (mean +/- SD)
 egg masses per day) on treated foliage; the unselected strain was
 oostatic. Based on these results, it is recommended that resistance
 management strategies be developed and deployed for both
 conventionally applied B. thuringiensis products and B.
 thuringiensis transgenic plants.
 
 
 245                                             NAL Call. No.:
 SB945.F8F7 1989 Serodiagnostic of the host-parasite relationships
 of some fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and Opius concolor Sz.
 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Ben Salah, H.; Cheikh, M.; Ben Hamouda,
 M.H.
 Rotterdam : Published for the Commission of the European
 Communities by A.A. Balkema; 1989.
 Fruit flies of economic importance 87 : proceedings of the CEC/IOBC
 International Symposium, Rome 7-10, April 1987 / edited by R.
 Cavalloro. p. 295-310; 1989. (EUR).  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bactrocera cucurbitae; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera
 oleae; Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Host parasite
 relationships; Opius concolor; Parasites of insect pests;
 Immunodiagnosis
 
 
 246                                              NAL Call. No.:
 SB433.34.V8V47 Shrub and tree plant health care for the 90's.
 Rao, B.
 Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Cooperative Extension Service; 1991 Dec.
 Proceedings - Virginia Turfgrass Landscape Conference (31st): p.
 63-68; 1991 Dec.  Meeting held on January 14-17, 1991, Richmond,
 Virginia.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Shrubs; Trees; Selection; Planting; Maintenance; Pest
 management; Biological control
 
 
 247                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Some growth regulators: their effectiveness against
 orchard pests and selectivity to predatory and parasitic
 arthropods.
 Niemczyk, E.; Koslinska, M.; Maciesiak, A.; Nowakowski, Z.; Olszak,
 R.; Szufa, A.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Dec. Acta horticulturae (285): p. 157-164; 1990 Dec.  Paper
 presented at the symposium on "Integrated Fruit Production,"
 September 11-15, 1989, Wadenswil, Switzerland.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Poland; Malus pumila; Insect pests; Natural enemies;
 Plant growth regulators; Toxicity
 
 Abstract:  The orchard pests: codling moth, winter moth and leaf
 miners tested are effectively controlled by growth regulators:
 diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron. Diflubenzuron reduced
 considerably the population of apple blossom weevil and apple
 sucker. The selectivity of insect growth regulators to the tested
 predators (Anthocoris nemorum, Chrysopa carnea, Coccinella
 septempunctata, Episyrphus balteatus, Typhlodromus pyri) and
 parasitic wasp (Trichogramma cacoeciae) depends in a high degree on
 the predator species and their development stage. Generalising, one
 can say, that growth regulators are only partially selective to the
 majority of natural enemies of orchard pests.
 
 
 248                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a
 candidate viral insecticide for the beet armyworm (Lepidoptera:
 Noctuidae).
 Kolodny-Hirsch, D.M.; Warkentin, D.L.; Alvarado-Rodriguez, B.;
 Kirkland, R. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993
 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (2): p. 314-321; 1993 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Spodoptera exigua; Biological control; Bacillus
 thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki; Insect control; Nuclear polyhedrosis
 viruses; Viral insecticides
 
 Abstract:  A technical grade lyophilized preparation of the
 Spodoptera exigua multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus
 (SeMNPV) was field-tested in small plots and compared with Bacillus
 thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Berliner) for control of the-beet
 armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) on tomatoes, peppers, and
 garbanzo beans in the Central Valley of California and tomatoes in
 the Guasave Valley of Sinaloa, Mexico. Weekly application of SeMNPV
 at rates of 2.5 X 10(11) and 12.5 X 10(11) occlusion bodies (OB)/ha
 gave season-long control of beet armyworm and provided significant
 reductions in plant damage compared with untreated control plots.
 On pepper and garbanzo bean, respectively, the level of beet
 armyworm reduction and foliar protection was significantly greater
 in plots treated with 12.5 X 10(11) OB/ha of SeMNPV than in the
 plots treated with B. thuringiensis. However, the degree of control
 achieved at the low rate of the virus was similar to the high rate
 of SeMNPV and B. thuringiensis on all crops tested. Bioassay of
 chrysanthemum leaves sprayed with the SeMNPV killed > 98% beet
 armyworm immediately after application and retained 50% of its
 original pathogenicity 7 d after treatment. Both Orzan LS and skim
 milk improved virus persistence. The results of these tests confirm
 the efficacy of the SeMNPV for control of the beet armyworm on
 several vegetable crops.
 
 
 249                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 464.8 P56 Sporulation of the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella
 rhossiliensis from hyphae produced in vitro and added to soil.
 Lackey, B.A.; Jaffee, B.A.; Muldoon, A.E.
 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 Nov.
 Phytopathology v. 82 (11): p. 1326-1330; 1992 Nov.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Beta vulgaris; Heterodera schachtii; Plant
 parasitic nematodes; Nematode control; Hirsutella; Biological
 control agents; Nematophagous fungi; Soil fungi; Growth;
 Sporulation
 
 Abstract:  After assimilating and killing host nematodes,
 Hirsutella rhossiliensis sporulates (i.e., produces external
 hyphae, phialides, and spores) from assimilative hyphae within the
 cadaver, the spores adhere to and infect nematodes. The ability of
 the fungus to sporulate from hyphae produced in vitro, rather than
 in host nematodes, was tested. Hyphae in the form of discrete
 vegetative colonies were grown in shake culture (potato-dextrose
 broth). In moist chambers, sporulation from vegetative colonies
 (rinsed free of broth) and from host nematodes was identical. To
 determine whether vegetative colonies sporulated in soil, vials
 were packed with nonheated, heated, or autoclaved loamy sand (17
 cm3) containing 0-50 rinsed vegetative colonies. After 14 days at
 20 C, healthy juveniles (J2) of Heterodera schachtii were added and
 recovered 66 h later. The percentage of J2 with at least one
 attached spore of H. rhossiliensis increased nonlinearly with
 increased numbers of colonies added per vial. The percentage was
 not affected by soil treatment, and virtually all J2 with attached
 spores were infected by the fungus. Approximately four vegetative
 colonies per 17 cm3 of soil were required to obtain 50% parasitism
 of J2 in loamy sand and in six other raw soils that varied in
 texture and other properties. Penetration of cabbage roots by J2
 was suppressed in raw loamy sand containing rinsed vegetative
 colonies. Vegetative colonies did not affect growth of seven plant
 species in the absence of nematodes. Results suggest that hyphae of
 H. rhossiliensis produced in vitro and added to soil without
 organic substrate may be used for biological control of plant-
 parasitic nematodes.
 
 
 250                                                      NAL Call.
 No.: A00110 State will use sterile medflies: millions to be
 released in L.A.'s fight against pest.
 San Francisco, Calif. : The Chronical Publishing Co; 1991 Nov29.
 San Francisco chronicle. p. A34; 1991 Nov29.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Sterile insect release; Biological control
 
 
 251                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 SB379.A9A9 Staying alert to change.
 Affleck, M.
 Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation;
 1992 Feb. California grower v. 16 (2): p. 8, 10; 1992 Feb.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Persea Americana; Ceratitis capitata;
 Anastrepha ludens; Bactrocera dorsalis; Advertising; Government;
 Pest control; Consumer education; Water management; Water
 allocation; Biological control
 
 
 252                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: SB476.G7 Stock your pest control arsenal with new turf
 pesticides.
 Minner, D.
 Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1992 Apr.
 Grounds maintenance v. 27 (4): p. 12-14, 104; 1992 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Pesticides; Herbicides; Fungicides;
 Insecticides; Biological control agents
 
 
 253                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 Studies on population dynamics of mango hopper and
 scope of off-seasonal spraying in integrated pest management
 programme.
 Jhala, R.C.; Shah, A.H.; Patel, Z.P.; Patel, R.L.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1989
 Aug. Acta horticulturae (231): p. 597-601; 1989 Aug.  Paper
 presented at the "Second International Symposium on Mango," Volume
 II, May 20-24, 1985, Bangalore, India.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Idioscopus clypealis; Population dynamics; Integrated
 pest management
 
 Abstract:  Hopper population was prevailing throughout the year in
 all types of orchard but it was higher in old orchard as compared
 to new and neglected orchard which may be due to different
 ecological conditions prevailing in different types of orchards.
 The results indicated that spraying of 0.2 per cent carbaryl in
 mango orchard during off-season (November 1983) does help in
 delaying the development of nymphal population during flowering
 period. This may help in avoiding the insecticidal spraying during
 flowering and fruit setting, and thereby protecting the pollinators
 in mango orchard which are active during this period.
 
 
 254                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Suppression of a Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera:
 Tephritidae) population with concurrent parasitoid and sterile fly
 releases in Kula, Maui, Hawaii. Wong, T.T.Y.; Ramadan, M.M.; Herr,
 J.C.; McInnis, D.O.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1671-1681; 1992 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Ceratitis capitata; Biological control;
 Braconidae; Insect control; Sterile insect release
 
 Abstract:  Irradiated adult Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis
 capitata (Wiedemann), were released at an average rate of 3 million
 per week for 5 mo in a sterile insect technique (SIT) program to
 suppress a wild C. capitata population in the 13-km2 area of Kula,
 Maui, HI. Concurrent with sterile fly releases, the braconid larval
 parasitoid Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) was released at an
 average rate of 388,000 per week. The average weekly overflooding
 ratio was 76.0 +/- 4.8 sterile/wild flies. Mean number (+/-SEM) of
 male C. capitata trapped per day was significantly reduced to 0.15
 +/- 0.05 in Kula compared with 1.30 +/- 0.17 in a nearby control
 area. The mean percentage of C. capitata eggs hatching was
 significantly lower in Kula (22.9 +/- 4.2%) than in the control
 area (90.2 +/- 0.9%). The overall mean percentage parasitism of C.
 capitata in fruit samples was significantly higher in Kula (47.2 +/-
  2.7%) than in the control area (20.3 +/- 3.1%). After the first
 month of parasitoid releases, D. tryoni became the dominant
 parasitoid present in Kula, representing 61.6 +/- 6.3% of the
 parasitoids recovered from C. capitata in fruit samples. The mean
 number of adult C. capitata recovered per kilogram of fruit was
 significantly lower in Kula (9.8 +/- 1.3) compared with the control
 area (92.6 +/- 22.7). This field experiment suggests that the
 concurrent release of parasitoids and sterile flies represents a
 valuable approach to eradication of established Mediterranean fruit
 fly populations.
 
 
 255                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 1.9 P69P Suppression of cottony leak of cucumber with Bacillus
 cereus strain UW85. Smith, K.P.; Havey, M.J.; Handelsman, J.
 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Feb.
 Plant disease v. 77 (2): p. 139-142; 1993 Feb.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cucumis sativus; Pythium aphanidermatum; Fruits; Fruit
 rots; Suppression; Postharvest decay; Bacillus cereus; Biological
 control agents; Biological control
 
 
 256                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Suppression of the Colorado potato beetle
 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with augmentative releases of
 predaceous stinkbugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Biever, K.D.;
 Chauvin, R.L.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (3): p. 720-726; 1992 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Washington; Solanum tuberosum; Solanaceae;
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Larvae; Mortality; Population density;
 Biological control; Insect control; Perillus bioculatus; Podisus
 maculiventris; Predators of insect pests
 
 Abstract:  Field cage tests in 1987 established that releases of
 5-10 Perillus bioculatus (F.) and Podisus macutiventris (Say) per
 plant were able to reduce high density populations (approximately
 450 per plant) of Colorado potato beetle by approximatey 50%. P.
 bioculatus greater foliage protection than P. maculiventris. In
 1988, in similar cage tests, P. bioculatus released at rates of 2-8
 per plant reduced Colorado potato beetle densities of approximately
 100 per plant by approximately 8.5% per predator released. Field
 plot tests in 1988 confirmed cage results with P. bioculatus and
 demonstrated that 1 and 3 predators per plant suppressed
 populations of Colorado potato beetle by 30 and 62%, respectively.
 Three P. bioculatus per plant significantly reduced defoliation and
 increased yield 65% over the untreated control. Progeny production
 of a laboratory colony of P. bioculatus maintained on Trichoplusia
 ni (Hubner) larvae was equivalent to that for a colony maintained
 on Colorado potato beetle larvae. Our data indicate that
 inoculative releases of stinkbug predators for suppression of
 Colorado potato beetle populations could be an important component
 of an integrated management program.
 
 
 257                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB599.J69 A survey of arthropod predators of Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata (Say) in Delaware potato fields.
 Heimpel, G.E.; Hough-Goldstein, J.A.
 Clemson, S.C. : South Carolina Entomological Society; 1992 Apr.
 Journal of agricultural entomology v. 9 (2): p. 137-142; 1992 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Delaware; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata; Predators of insect pests; Biological control agents;
 Surveys
 
 
 258                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Survival, longevity, and reproduction of tephritid
 fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared from fruit
 flies exposed to azadirachtin. Stark, J.D.; Wong, T.T.Y.; Vargas,
 R.I.; Thalman, R.K.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (4): p. 1125-1129; 1992 Aug. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ceratitis capitata; Bactrocera; Exposure;
 Azadirachtin; Insecticidal action; Biological control; Braconidae;
 Parasites of insect pests; Rearing techniques; Reproduction;
 Survival; Longevity
 
 
 259                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: QL461.G4 Susceptibility of prepupae of the Colorado potato
 beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes
 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae).
 Cantelo, W.W.; Nickle, W.R.
 Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1992 Jan.
 Journal of entomological science v. 27 (1): p. 37-43; 1992 Jan. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Insect control;
 Entomophilic nematodes; Steinernema; Neoaplectana feltiae;
 Heterorhabditis; Xenorhabdus; Biological control agents
 
 
 260                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 79.9 C122 Systems approach for vegetable weed control.
 Agamalian, H.
 Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1990.
 Proceedings - California Weed Conference (42): p. 90-93; 1990. 
 Meeting held January 15-17, 1990, San Jose, California.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Vegetables; Cultural weed control; Integrated control;
 Chemical control
 
 
 261                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 79.9 C122 Systems approach to weed management in turfgrass.
 Hanson, D.L.
 Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1990.
 Proceedings - California Weed Conference (42): p. 94-104; 1990. 
 Meeting held January 15-17, 1990, San Jose, California.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Cultural weed control; Integrated
 control
 
 
 262                                                NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N6N62 Tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass athletic field
 maintenance calendar. Bruneau, A.H.; Lewis, W.M.; Lucas, L.T.;
 Brandenburg, R.L.; Sneed, R.E.; DiPaola, J.M.; Peacock, C.H.
 Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina
 State University (430): 8 p.; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Festuca arundinacea; Poa pratensis; Lawns and turf;
 Sports grounds; Mowing; Fertilizers; Irrigation; Tillage; Weed
 control; Herbicides; Cultivars; Planting; Pest control; Integrated
 pest management
 
 
 263                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 100 T31P Test of Steinernema spp. nematodes for biological
 control of white grubs in Texas turfgrass: 1991.
 Crocker, R.L.; Rodriguez del Bosque, L.A.; Hersi, A.M.
 College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1992 Sep.
 PR - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (5000): p. 60-62; 1992
 Sep.  In the series analytic: Texas turfgrass research--1992. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Texas; Cynodon dactylon; Phyllophaga crinita;
 Cyclocephala; Neoaplectana carpocapsae; Neoaplectana feltiae;
 Neoaplectana glaseri; Pest control; Application rates; Biological
 control
 
 
 264                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: 60.18 J82 Training lambs to be weed eaters: studies with leafy
 spurge. Walker, J.W.; Hemenway, K.G.; Hatfield, P.G.; Glimp, H.A.
 Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 May.
 Journal of range management v. 45 (3): p. 245-249; 1992 May. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Idaho; Lambs; Euphorbia esula; Diets; Weed control;
 Biological control; Grazing behavior; Training of animals; Feeding
 preferences
 
 Abstract:  The objective of the study was to determine if exposure
 of young lambs to leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) would increase
 the consumption of this plant. Orphan lambs were exposed to leafy
 spurge from birth to 11 weeks of age as a water soluble extract
 mixed with milk replacer and as freshly harvested plants. Ewe-
 reared lambs were exposed to leafy spurge by grazing them on a
 leafy spurge-infested pasture. Study 1 investigated the consumption
 of vegetative and flowering leafy spurge paired with arrowleaf
 balsam root (Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh)Nutt.) by orphan lambs
 during a 30-min feeding period. Experienced lambs consumed a higher
 percentage leafy spurge than naive lambs (P<0.03). The interaction
 of leafy spurge phenophase and previous experience (P<0.02) showed
 that experienced lambs preferred leafy spurge regardless of
 phenophase (70% of intake) and naive lambs only preferred leafy
 spurge when it was vegetative. Study 2 investigated the preference
 for leafy spurge on pastures with high or low leafy spurge biomass.
 Experienced compared to naive lambs had a higher percentage of
 bites (P<0.001) and preferred leafy spurge in the high spurge
 biomass pasture, but not in low biomass pastures. Naive lambs
 avoided leafy spurge in both pastures. Study 3 was a pasture trial
 that investigated spurge consumption by orphan and ewe-reared
 lambs. Percent bites and time spent grazing leafy spurge were not
 affected (P>0.23) by previous exposure, but daily herbage removal
 was greater (P<0.09) in pastures grazed by experienced compared to
 naive lambs (876 vs. 685 g/lamb, respectively). Experienced ewe-
 reared lambs had a higher rate of biting on leafy spurge (P<0.06)
 than naive or orphan lambs. These studies indicate that previous
 experience will be an important factor affecting the use of sheep
 as a biological control agent for leafy spurge.
 
 
 265                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: QL461.I57 Trathala flavoorbitalis: parasitization and
 development in relation to host-stage attacked.
 Sandanayake, W.R.M.; Edirisinghe, J.P.
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1992 Jun.
 Insect science and its application v. 13 (3): p. 287-292; 1992 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sri lanka; Solanum melongena; Leucinodes orbonalis;
 Larvae; Parasitism; Biological control; Ichneumonidae; Biological
 development; Oviposition
 
 Abstract:  Oviposition and development of the ichneumonid Trathala
 flavoorbitalis (Cam.) a parasitoid of the brinjal shoot and fruit
 borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen., was investigated. The parasitoid
 responded to a host larva by inserting its ovipositor (stinging)
 into the larva, whichever instar (first to fifth) it was. All the
 first and about 50% of the second instars that were stung and
 oviposited in, were mutilated and died as a result. Successful
 parasitization and parasitoid development up to adult emergence
 occurred in 53% of the third, 57% of the fourth and 41% of the
 fifth instar host larvae. When given a choice of instars for
 oviposition, the parasitoid avoided all first instar and most
 second instar larvae, while third to fifth instars were equally
 accepted. The total developmental time of the parasitoid was much
 the same (about 20-24 days) whichever larval instar (second to
 fifth) was parasitized. The parasitized host at pupation contained
 different developmental stages of the parasitoid, differing in this
 respect from most other species of larval-pupal parasitoids.
 
 
 266                                              NAL Call. No.:
 SB433.34.V8V47 Turfgrass IPM--a key to survival in 1990's.
 Waghray, R.N.
 Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Cooperative Extension Service; 1990 Dec.
 Proceedings - Virginia Turfgrass Landscape Conference (30th): p.
 26-30; 1990 Dec.  Meeting held January 15-18, 1990, Richmond,
 Virginia.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Integrated pest management; Decision
 making
 
 
 267                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 275.29 W27P Turfgrass pest management--a training manual for
 commercial pesticide applicators (category 3a).
 Sicheneder, K.
 Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1992 Jan.
 Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative
 Extension Service (2327): 115 p.; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Pest management; Weeds; Pesticides;
 Integrated pest management; Golf courses; Monitoring; Diseases;
 Insects; Irrigation; Soil ph; Soil texture; Fertilizers; Mowing;
 Safety
 
 
 268                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 Ultraviolet light induced resistance against postharvest
 diseases in vegetables and fruits.
 Stevens, C.; Lu, J.Y.; Khan, V.A.; Wilson, C.L.; Chalutz, E.;
 Droby, S. Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 268-290; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit; Vegetables; Postharvest decay; Induced
 resistance; Ultraviolet radiation
 
 
 269                                             NAL Call. No.:
 S605.5.I45 1989 use of neem seed cake and of 2 vegetables oils to
 control bean weevil in cowpeas.
 Dabire, C.
 Witzenhausen? : Ekopan; 1990.
 Agricultural alternatives and nutritional self-sufficiency : for a
 sustainable agricultural system that respects man and his
 environment : proc of the IFOAM Seventh Int Scientific Conference,
 Ouagadougou, January 2-5, 1989. p. 385-393; 1990.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Burkina faso; Cowpeas; Callosobruchus maculatus;
 Biological control; Insect control; Plant protection; Plant oils;
 Neem seed cake; Lifespan; Females; Fertility; Larvae; Population
 dynamics
 
 
 270                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 The use of temperature for postharvest decay control in
 citrus fruit. Cohen, E.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 256-267; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Citrus fruits; Postharvest decay; Disease control;
 Temperature
 
 
 271                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Use of the occurrence of peak Colorado potato beetle
 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) egg hatch for timing of Bacillus
 thuringiensis spray applications in potatoes.
 Zehnder, G.W.; Ghidiu, G.M.; Speese, J. III
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 281-288; 1992 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Virginia; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa
 decemlineata; Hatch; Ova; Biological control; Bacillus
 thuringiensis; Spraying; Timing
 
 Abstract:  Two field experiments were done to evaluate spray timing
 relative to peak egg hatch, of Bacillus thuringiensis var. san
 diego (M-One Insecticide, Mycogen Corp., San Diego, Calif.) for
 control of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)
 in potatoes. In the first experiment, 186.1 +/ - 4.5 (average +/-
 SEM) cumulative DD (n = 3 yr, 10 degrees C base threshold) were
 recorded from first oviposition by overwintered beetles until peak
 (33-64%) egg mass hatch. In 1989, when no rainfall occurred during
 the period when spray treatments were made, effective potato beetle
 control was achieved with B. thuringiensis if the first spray, was
 applied within 9 d of peak egg hatch and subsequent sprays were
 applied at either 5- or 10-d intervals. In 1990, when heavy
 rainfall occurred after the first spray, spray interval (5 or 10 d)
 had a greater effect on potato beetle control than did timing of
 the first spray application, and only the 5-d schedule treatments
 resulted in effective control. Results of a second field experiment
 in 1990 demonstrated that a 7- or 10-d interval between sprays of
 B. thuringiensis (following the initial spray at peak egg hatch)
 was too long to result in acceptable control of Colorado potato
 beetle if rainfall occurs after the initial spray. However, a 10-d
 spray schedule using an encapsulated formulation of B.
 thuringiensis var. san diego (MYX-1806, Mycogen Corp., San Diego,
 Calif.) resulted in effective control of Colorado potato beetle.
 Methods for estimation of peak potato beetle egg hatch in potatoes
 for use in timing of B. thuringiensis spray applications are
 presented.
 
 
 272                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 The use of yeast Pichia guilliermondii as a biocontrol
 agent: characterization of attachment to Botrytis cinerea.
 Wisniewski, M.; Biles, C.; Droby, S.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 167-183; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Apples; Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium expansum;
 Postharvest decay; Biological control; Pichia
 
 
 273                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 60.18 UN33 Using computer situations to predict the fate and
 environmental impact of applied pesticides.
 Franke, K.J.
 Far Hills, N.J. : United States Golf Association; 1992 Mar. USGA
 Green Section record v. 30 (2): p. 17-21; 1992 Mar.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Golf courses; Pesticides; Integrated
 pest management; Environmental impact; Computer simulation
 
 
 274                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 vPETE: a phenological model built for integration into
 software systems. Currans, K.G.; Croft, B.A.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Jul. Acta horticulturae (276): p. 35-41; 1990 Jul.  Paper presented
 at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in
 Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5-8, 1989, Logan,
 Utah.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fruit trees; Integrated pest management; Computer
 software
 
 Abstract:  vPETE was conceived as a means to better integrate a
 phenological model into an expert system for Integrated Pest
 Management (IPM) in deciduous tree fruits. We discuss vPETE as an
 insect phenology model driven by degree-days via an operating
 system technique called a "PIPE" (Ritchie and Thompson 1974). A
 distributed delay routine is the basis of vPETE, which configures
 the life cycle of an organism and expands it for new generations.
 vPETE simplifies phenological modeling in larger software systems
 and is adaptable to many systems. Operating system techniques used
 by vPETE are dynamic memory allocation, stream input/output, and
 multitasking. All output from vPETE is communicated to a graphical
 display program or file. No human interaction is performed.
 Versions of vPETE run on parallel computing platforms.
 
 
 275                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB321.G85 Weed IPM in sweet corn.
 Ashley, R.A.
 Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture &
 Natural Resources, Univ. of Conn; 1992 Apr.
 The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter v. 92 (4): p. 4;
 1992 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Weed control; Integrated pest management;
 Herbicides; Cultural control; Row spacing; Nitrogen
 
 
 276                                                   NAL Call.
 No.: SB957.R47 Western Entomologists for a more rational approach
 to pest management. Brunner, J.; Hoyt, S.
 East Lansing, Mich. : Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State
 University; 1991 Feb.
 Resistant pest management v. 3 (1): p. 5-6; 1991 Feb.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Washington; Tree fruits; Pest management; Insecticide
 resistance; Biological control; Organic farming; Organophosphate
 insecticides; Pyrethroids; Pheromones; Insect growth regulators
 
 
 277                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 421 J822 Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in
 greenhouses: population dynamics, distribution on plants, and
 associations with predators. Higgins, C.J.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1891-1903; 1992 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: British Columbia; Capsicum annuum; Cucumis sativus;
 Greenhouse crops; Frankliniella occidentalis; Monitoring;
 Population dynamics; Sex ratio; Spatial distribution; Yellow sticky
 traps; Predators of insect pests; Neoseiulus cucumeris; Orius
 tristicolor
 
 Abstract:  Studies were conducted in commercial greenhouses to
 examine seasonal population dynamics of western flower thrips,
 Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) on two crops: bell peppers,
 Capsicum annuum (L.) and long English cucumbers, Cucumis sativus
 (L.). Yellow sticky traps were used to monitor density and sex
 ratio of the dispersing adult population. Leaf and flower samples
 were taken to determine the spatial distribution of adults and
 larvae, and to investigate the relationship between trap catch and
 density of F. occidentalis on the plants. Trap catch peaked at
 different times during the growing season in each greenhouse. As
 trap catch increased, numbers of F. occidentalis adults and
 immatures on flowers and leaves also increased. On both crops, the
 majority (84-95%) of adults in flowers were females. Greater than
 85% of larvae were found on leaves. Adult male F. occidentalis were
 rarely found on plants, even when traps were catching high numbers.
 Female F. occidentalis were always found in flowers before they
 were found on leaves and were found on sticky traps only when the
 thrips population started to increase. Used together, sticky traps
 and flower monitoring allow quick detection of potential "hot
 spots" of thrips activity. Control measures can be applied
 immediately on a local rather than grand scale. Introductions of
 the predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) did not control
 the thrips population in most of the greenhouses monitored.
 However, the minute pirate bug, Orius tristicolor (White), shows
 promise for future use as an effective biological control agent in
 commercial vegetable greenhouses.
 
 
 278                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 aS21.R44A7 What's happening with natural compounds.
 Duke, J.A.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
 ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
 (92): p. 299-318; 1991 Jun.  Paper presented at the "Workshop on
 Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and
 Vegetables," September 12-14, 1990, Sheperdstown, West Virginia. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Medicinal plants; Plant products
 
 
 279                                               NAL Call. No.:
 SB950.2.A1J58 Where there's a will, there's a way: city rose garden
 without insecticides or fungicides.
 Rhay, T.
 Eugene, Or. : The Coalition; 1990.
 Journal of pesticide reform : a publication of the Northwest
 Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides v. 10 (1): p. 40-41; 1990.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Oregon; Roses; Integrated pest management; Public
 gardens
 
 
 280                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 80 AC82 The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona
 (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Homoptera: Diaspidae), a pest of economic
 importance on granadilla. Crause, C.
 Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990
 Jul. Acta horticulturae July 1990 (275): p. 655-662; 1990 Jul. 
 Paper presented at the "International Symposium on the Culture of
 Subtropical and Tropical Fruits and Crops," Volume II, November
 6/10, 1989, Nelspruit, South Africa.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South  Africa; Passiflora edulis; Passiflora caerulea;
 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona; Insect pests; Pest control; Biological
 control
 
 Abstract:  The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona
 (Targioni-Tozzetti) is a pest on the purple granadilla, Passiflora
 edulis Sims which is often grafted onto the rootstock of the red
 granadilla, Passiflora caerulea L.. The adult female feeds on the
 main stem of the granadilla and it moves up to the vines as the
 infestation increases. Severe infestations of the scale can cause
 die back of the granadilla stems and eventually the entire plant
 can die. The white peach scale can be bred on butternut pumpkins,
 Cucurbita moschata Duch. and potato, Solanum tuberosum. L.. At 25
 degrees C a life cycle took 42 to 56 days. The purple granadilla,
 Passiflora edulis and the yellow granadilla, Passiflora edulis
 forma flavicarpa Degener are very susceptible to the white peach
 scale. It was also found that seedlings contaminated with scale,
 died prematurely after being planted out. Two parasitoids have been
 identified in South Africa, namely Aspidiotiphagus sp. and
 Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, but they are not able to
 keep the white peach scale under control. A few parasitoids are
 found in other countries which should be introduced if biological
 control of the white peach scale is to be achieved.
 
 
 281                                                     NAL Call.
 No.: 420 W27 The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona
 (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Homoptera: Diaspididae): life history in
 Maryland, host plants, and natural enemies.
 Hanks, L.M.; Denno, R.F.
 Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1993 Jan.
 Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington v. 95 (1):
 p. 79-98; 1993 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Maryland; Fruit trees; Ornamental woody plants;
 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona; Life history; Fecundity; Sex ratio;
 Seasonality; Parasitoids; Predators
 
 
 282                                              NAL Call. No.:
 SB433.34.V8V47 Will biological lawn care fly in the 90's.
 Rao, B.
 Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Cooperative Extension Service; 1991 Dec.
 Proceedings - Virginia Turfgrass Landscape Conference (31st): p.
 40-47; 1991 Dec.  Meeting held on January 14-17, 1991, Richmond,
 Virginia.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Cultural control; Pest control;
 Disease control; Fertilizers; Biological control
 
 
 283                                                    NAL Call.
 No.: 1.9 P69P A working description of the Penn State apple orchard
 consultant, an expert system.
 Travis, J.W.; Rajotte, E.; Bankert, R.; Hickey, K.D.; Hull, L.A.;
 Eby, V.; Heinemann, P.H.; Crassweller, R.; McClure, J.; Bowser, T.
 St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 Jun.
 Plant disease v. 76 (6): p. 545-554; 1992 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Malus; Orchards; Crop production; Expert
 systems; Integrated pest management; Plant disease control;
 Chemical control; Decision making; Diffusion of information;
 Information processing; Microcomputers; Computer techniques;
 Innovation adoption
 
 
 284                                                 NAL Call. No.:
 S544.3.N7A4 Year-round pesticide-free strawberries grow in Cornell
 greenhouse. Segelken, R.
 Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
 Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1991 Oct.
 Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
 County. p. 5, 7; 1991 Oct.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Strawberries; Greenhouse culture; Biological control;
 Organic farming; Bacillus thuringiensis
 
 
 285                                                  NAL Call. No.:
 S605.5.O74 Your friend the nematode.
 Chaplin, L.T.
 Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press, Inc; 1992 Mar.
 Organic gardening v. 39 (3): p. 90-91, 94-95; 1992 Mar.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nematoda; Xenorhabdus; Biological control agents;
 Biological control; Soil water content; Soil temperature; Domestic
 gardens 
                                   Author Index
 
 Aalbu, R. 113
 Acosta, N. 24
 Adalla, C.B. 97
 Adams, Roger G. 123
 Affleck, M. 251
 Agamalian, H. 260
 Agounke, D. 40
 Aguila, V. del 233
 Allen, J.C. 74
 Alm, S.R. 30
 Alvarado-Rodriguez, B. 248
 Andreadis, T.G. 181
 Annys, K. 194
 Antonelli, A.L. 5
 Apel, G. 143
 Arnold, D.C. 61
 Ashley, R.A. 275
 Baird, J.V. 52
 Baldwin, N.A. 144
 Bankert, R. 283
 Baranowski, R. 39
 Barcinas, J.M. 59
 Barden, J.A. 3
 Barfield, C.S. 74
 Barkai-Golan, R. 28
 Bauernfeind, R.J. 68
 Baugher, T.A. 3
 Baxendale, F.P. 132
 Beach, E. Douglas 12
 Beard, J.B. 161
 Bechmann, H.E. 18
 Belanger, R.R. 71
 Belda, J. 105
 Bellows, T.S. 27
 Ben Hamouda, M.H. 245
 Ben Salah, H. 245
 Ben-Arie, R. 35, 224
 Bender, G. 193
 Bennett, F.D. 218
 BenSalah, H. 113
 Bentley, W. 211
 Bertrand, P.F. 190
 Biever, K.D. 256
 Biles, C. 184, 272
 Biles, C.L. 33, 127
 Binning, L.K. 152
 Bio Integral Resource Center (Berkeley, Calif.) 63
 Bishop, D. 62
 Blanchard-Chess, B. 117
 Blodgett, S. 211
 Bohart, G.E. 138
 Bonham, C.D. 100
 Bosler, E.M. 95
 Bosshard, E. 115
 Bowser, T. 124, 283
 Braman, S.K. 234
 Brandenburg, R.L. 52, 146, 262
 Broe, R. 229
 Bromley, P.T. 8
 Browning, H.W. 88
 Brun, C.A. 5
 Bruneau, A.H. 52, 62, 146, 262
 Brunner, J. 276
 Bryant, B. 143
 Burlando, T.M. 183, 227
 Burpee, L. 47
 Byers, R.E. 3
 Cabanillas, H.E. 225
 Calkins, C.O. 14
 Caltagirone, L.E. 125
 Campbell, C.D. 89
 Cantelo, W.W. 81, 259
 Capinera, J.L. 100
 Cappaert, D.L. 213
 Caprile, J. 211
 Cardina, J. 139
 Carmean, I. 16
 Cartwright, B. 67
 Chalutz, E. 28, 32, 33, 35, 184, 195, 201, 208, 209, 224, 242, 268
 Chalutz, Edo 31
 Chambers, D.L. 14
 Chaney, W.E. 125
 Chaplin, L.T. 285
 Charnley, A.K. 90
 Chauvin, R.L. 256
 Cheikh, M. 245
 Ciancio, A. 202
 Cifuentes, S. 233
 Clark, J.D. 93
 Cohen, E. 270
 Cohen, L. 28, 32, 195, 209, 224
 Collins, G. 64
 Collins, J.K. 67
 Connell, T.R. 152
 Cook, T. 51
 Crassweller, R. 283
 Crassweller, R.M. 124
 Crause, C. 280
 Criswell, J. 130
 Crocker, R.L. 167, 263
 Croft, B.A. 66, 175, 191, 274
 Cross, A.E. 80
 Crump, D.H. 43
 Cuperus, G. 130
 Cuperus, G.W. 67
 Cuperus, Gerrit W. 149
 Currans, K.G. 66, 274
 Curtis, C.E. 93
 Curwen, D. 152
 D'Ercole, N. 10
 D'Erocole, N. 11
 Daane, K.M. 125
 Dabire, C. 269
 Das, G.P. 97
 Daus, A. 28, 209, 224
 Delrio, G. 49
 Denis-Arrue, R. 69
 Dennill, G.B. 199
 Denno, R.F. 281
 Denton, G.R.W. 48
 DiPaola, J.M. 52, 262
 Dixon, P.L. 210
 Dole, J.M. 61
 Dominguez-Gil, O.E. 19
 Donovan, W.P. 55, 135
 Doolittle, R.E. 14
 Drinkall, M.J. 144
 Droby, S. 28, 32, 33, 35, 184, 195, 209, 224, 242, 268, 272
 Drummond, F.A. 213
 Dueben, B.D. 14
 Duke, J.A. 188, 278
 Dunn, R.A. 151
 Eby, V. 283
 Eckert, J.W. 240
 Eddy, R. 103
 Edirisinghe, J.P. 265
 Edmondson, R.N. 64
 Elfving, D.C. 166
 Elmore, C.L. 221
 Everest, J.W. 2, 6, 7, 121
 Evert, D.R. 190
 Ewart, H.W. 143
 Farkas, P. 114
 Farrar, R.R. Jr 111
 Fatuesi, S. 17
 Fell, R.D. 3
 Ferguson, C.S. 22
 Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge 12
 Ferro, D.N. 148, 185, 220, 223, 236
 Fimiani, P. 196
 Flaherty, D.L. 16
 Flynn, C.A. 43
 Foley, D. 189
 Forschler, B.T. 112
 Frank, J.H. 129
 Franke, K.J. 273
 Fransen, J.J. 79
 Fraser, R.S.S. 145
 Freeman, T.E. 151
 Fridlender, B. 209, 242
 Fuchs, Y. 28
 Gabel, B. 45, 114
 Gadoury, D.M. 153
 Garcia, J.A. 238
 Gardner, W.A. 112
 Gasaway, W.S. 1
 Gasparich, G.E. 81
 Gawron-Burke, M.C. 55
 Gennari, S. 10, 11
 Georgis, R. 30, 206
 Gerdts, M. 93
 Ghidiu, G.M. 271
 Giblin-Davis, R.M. 217
 Gill, R.F. 125
 Gillespie, A.T. 90
 Gilstrap, F.E. 42, 88
 Gingrich, R.E. 38
 Glenn, H. 39
 Glimp, H.A. 264
 Goldsby, L. 231
 Gollands, B. 243
 Gonzalez, D. 125
 Goodall, P.B. 219
 Gordh, G. 174
 Grafius, E.J. 244
 Grafton-Cardwell, E.E. 59
 Grant, J. 162
 Grant, J.A. 84
 Green, T.A. 237
 Greene, C. 147
 Greene, Catherine 149
 Greenspan, N.T. 232
 Grewal, P.S. 64
 Grieshop, J.I. 170
 Griffiths, H.J. 59
 Grossman, J. 50
 Guerra-Sobrevilla, L. 204
 Guerrero, L. 105
 Gurr, G.M. 70
 Haas, M. 178
 Hackett, K.J. 81
 Hagen, K.S. 125
 Haley, S. 66
 Handelsman, J. 255
 Haney, P.B. 59
 Hang, A.N. 177
 Hanks, L.M. 281
 Hanks, Lawrence Michael 108
 Hanson, D.L. 261
 Hanula, J.L. 30
 Harrison, H.F. Jr 107
 Harrison, R.E. 183
 Hart, W.G. 42
 Hatfield, P.G. 264
 Havens, D. 5
 Havey, M.J. 255
 Haws, B.A. 138
 Hazzard, R.V. 185
 Heath, R.R. 14
 Heimpel, G.E. 18, 257
 Heinemann, P.H. 283
 Hellman, J.L. 94
 Hemenway, K.G. 264
 Henegar, R.B. 81
 Herr, J.C. 20, 254
 Hersi, A.M. 263
 Hesjedal, K. 142
 Hickey, K.D. 283
 Higgins, C.J. 277
 Himelrick, D. 6
 Hoffmeister, T. 203
 Hofstein, R. 209, 242
 Hofte, H. 194
 Hogmire, H.W. Jr 3
 Holder, W. 57
 Hollingworth, R.M. 244
 Horne, P.A. 241
 Horsburgh, R.L. 3
 Hough-Goldstein, J. 60, 230
 Hough-Goldstein, J.A. 18, 257
 Hoy, M.A. 207
 Hoyt, S. 276
 Hradsky, P. 114
 Huang, Wen-Yuan 12
 Huang, Y. 215
 Huis, A. van 46
 Hull, L.A. 283
 Humber, R.A. 98
 Hutton, P. 102
 Iannotta, N. 140
 Ingle, L.M. 3
 International Potato Center 150
 Jaffee, B.A. 249
 Janisiewicz, W. 36
 Janisiewicz, W.J. 72
 Jansens, S. 194
 Jarvis, W.R. 71
 Jhala, R.C. 253
 Johnson, H.G. 126
 Johnson, M.W. 179, 226
 Johnson, T.B. 55, 135
 Jones, V.P. 226
 Jordan, R.A. 95
 Kapatos, E.T. 75
 Kaya, H.K. 183, 227
 Keil, C.B. 230
 Kelling, K.A. 152
 Kennedy, G. 111
 Kennedy, G.G. 89
 Khan, V.A. 268
 Kilmer, Richard L. 85
 Kirkland, R. 248
 Klein, M.G. 206, 227
 Kobiler, I. 128
 Koenig, J.P. 152
 Kolodny-Hirsch, D.M. 248
 Konal, M. 81
 Kopp, D.D. 169
 Koslinska, M. 247
 Kupferman, E.M. 104
 Kupferman, G. 143
 Kushad, M.M. 3
 La Salle, J. 171
 Lackey, B.A. 249
 Lali, T.S. 48
 Lambert, B. 194
 Landis, D. 178, 216
 Landolt, P.J. 14
 Latin, R.X. 77
 Laughland, D. 124
 Legner, E.F. 174
 Lenteren, J.C. van 25, 26
 Leslie, A.R. 163
 Lewis, W.M. 52, 262
 Leyva, J.L. 88
 Lin, H. 56
 Liquido, N.J. 91
 Loera, J. 225
 Logan, P.A. 213
 Los, Lorraine M. 123
 Lu, J.Y. 268
 Lucas, L.T. 52, 262
 Luck, R.F. 59
 Lynch, J.A. 179
 Lynch, R.L. 139
 Lynn, D.E. 81
 MacConnell, C.B. 5
 Macdonald, I.A.W. 76
 Machoney, N. 36
 Maciesiak, A. 247
 MacLean, J.T. 158
 Magalhaes, B.P. 98
 Magallona, E.D. 97
 Malais, M. 171
 Malvar, T. 55
 Mankau, R. 202
 Manzali, D. 10, 11
 Marchi, A. 72
 Marini, R.P. 3
 Marion-Poll, F. 114
 Marschall, K.J. 17
 Marutani, M. 48
 Mason, C.E. 18
 Matteoni, J.A. 172
 McBride, D.K. 169
 McCarty, L.B. 118, 151
 McClure, J. 283
 McConnell, J. 48
 McElroy, F.D. 212
 McInnis, D.O. 20, 254
 McKinlay, R.G. 210
 McLaughlin, R. 33, 184
 McLaughlin, R.J. 35, 239
 McMullin, E. 73
 McMurtry, J.A. 126
 McPheron, B.A. 19
 McVay, J.R. 7
 Mendelsohn, M. 102
 Messing, R.H. 87, 191
 Miller, D.L. 244
 Miller, G.L. 134
 Miller, J.R. 244
 Minkenberg, Oscar P. J. M. 197
 Minner, D. 252
 Minton, N.A. 139
 Mityakina, O.N. 101
 Mochizuki, N. 20
 Mojtahedi, H. 177
 Moline, H.E. 23
 Moore, D. 40, 80
 Moorhouse, E.R. 90
 Morris, S.C. 215
 Morse, J.G. 59
 Muldoon, A.E. 249
 Mullinix, B.G. Jr 190
 Mullins, J.W. 120
 Mundo-Ocampo, M. 202
 Muniappan, R. 48
 Murphy, R.E. 14
 Musser, W. 124
 Nafus, D. 44
 Nafus, D.M. 41
 Neely, D. 164
 Nelson, C.R. 138
 Nelson, D.L. 138
 Newberger, S.J. 126
 Newman, J.P. 171
 Nichols, A.J.F. 96
 Nichols, R.L. 139
 Nickle, W.R. 259
 Niemczyk, E. 247
 Nijs, L.J.M.F. den 155
 Nipoti, P. 10
 Nishimoto, J.I. 20
 Nordlund, D.A. 223
 Norton, B.E. 156
 Nowakowski, Z. 247
 Nubern, Chris 85
 Nyrop, J.P. 22
 O'Connell, N.V. 59
 Oberhofer, H. 141
 Oi, D.H. 157
 Olszak, R. 247
 Oosten, H.J. van 160
 Owens, M.K. 156
 Pair, S.D. 225
 Parker, M.L. 8
 Parkman, J.P. 129
 Parrella, M.P. 171
 Patel, R.L. 253
 Patel, Z.P. 253
 Patterson, M.G. 2, 6, 7, 121
 Peacock, C. 52
 Peacock, C.H. 262
 Peferoen, M. 194
 Pelletier, Y. 92
 Pence, R.A. 170
 Pendley, A.F. 234
 Perez, R. 233
 Peterson, J.K. 107
 Petitt, F.L. 74
 Pfeiffer, D.G. 3
 Phelan, P.L. 56
 Phillips, P.A. 58, 86
 Pinkston, K. 130
 Pinkston, K.N. 61
 Plumbley, R.A. 128
 Pohronezny, Kenneth Louis, 122
 Potter, D.A. 137, 187
 Powell, A. 2, 6
 Powell, A.A. 7
 Powell, M.A. 52
 Priel, A. 21
 Prokopy, R.J. 237
 Prusky, D. 128
 Purcell, M. 87, 198
 Pusey, P.L. 15, 154
 Quarles, W. 37
 Racke, J. 165
 Rajagopal, D. 82
 Rajotte, E. 283
 Rajotte, E.G. 124
 Ramadan, M.M. 20, 254
 Raman, K.V. 97
 Rao, B. 246, 282
 Raulston, J.R. 225
 Redak, R.A. 100
 Rhay, T. 279
 Richardson, P.N. 64
 Rispin, A. 102
 Rivas, F. 10
 Robacker, D.C. 238
 Roberts, D.W. 98
 Roberts, R. 143
 Roberts, R.G. 54
 Roberts, T.J. 59
 Roche, J. 53
 Rock, G.C. 8
 Rodale Institute, Rooy Media (Firm) 110
 Rodriguez del Bosque, L.A. 263
 Roitman, J. 36
 Rooy Media (Firm) 109
 Rosellle, R.E. 62
 Rupar, M.J. 55, 135
 Sachs, C. 124
 Sandanayake, W.R.M. 265
 Sands, D.P.A. 229
 Santo, G.S. 177
 Sarig, P. 224
 Scheer, W.P.A. 5
 Schnelle, M.A. 61, 130
 Schroder, R.F. 81
 Schroeder, P.C. 22
 Schuepp, H. 115
 Schulze, T.L. 95
 Segelken, R. 284
 Shah, A.H. 253
 Shearman, R.C. 62
 Shelton, J.E. 8
 Shields, E.J. 22, 98
 Shisler, J.K. 95
 Short, D.E. 151
 Shulman, M. 235
 Sibbett, G.S. 93
 Sicheneder, K. 200, 267
 Siegfried, W. 115
 Sikora, E.J. 7
 Sikora, R.A. 165
 Simone, G. 151
 Singh, G. 173
 Sivinski, J. 14, 39
 Skroch, W.A. 8
 Slaney, A.C. 55, 135
 Slocombe, A. 236
 Smilanick, J.L. 69
 Smilowitz, Z. 92
 Smith, E.H. 119
 Smith, G.R. 164
 Smith, K.P. 255
 Sneed, R.E. 262
 Soetaert, P. 194
 Sollino, G. 196
 Speese, J. III 106, 271
 Spicer, P.G. 137
 Spotts, R. 143
 Spotts, R.A. 65
 Stark, J.D. 83, 87, 99, 198, 237, 258
 Stary, P. 125
 Steiner, M.Y. 172
 Stevens, C. 268
 Stevenson, W.R. 152, 159
 Stoy, W.M. 169
 Suchy, V. 114
 Suett, D.L. 182
 Sugar, D. 143
 Sullivan, W.T. 8
 Sutton, T.B. 8
 Swezey, S.L. 211
 Szufa, A. 247
 Tabashnik, B.E. 226
 Tauber, C.A. 243
 Tauber, M.J. 243
 Taylor, G.C. 95
 Terry, L.A. 137
 Thalman, R.K. 83, 258
 Thiery, D. 45, 114
 Thistlewood, H.M.A. 166
 Thompson, A.R. 182
 Thompson, W. 228
 Thurston, G.S. 183
 Timar, D. 209
 Tisler, A.M. 60
 Travis, J.W. 77, 124, 283
 Trivedi, T.P. 82
 Tumlinson, J.H. 14
 Turner, T.R. 94
 Tuttle, A.F. 185, 236
 Uchida, G.K. 198
 Uhler, B. 168
 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Commodity Economics Division 
 149 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,
 Resources and Technology Division 12
 United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
 Development Fund 31 University of Maryland at College Park, Dept.
 of Entomology 108 Unrath, C.R. 8
 Uyeda, K.A. 60
 Vacek, D.C. 223
 Van Den Berg, M.A. 13
 Van Driesche, R.G. 185
 VanderMark, S. 186
 Varela, L. 211
 Vargas, R.I. 83, 87, 99, 198, 237, 258
 Vargo, A.M. 17, 133
 Vaughn, J.L. 81
 Veanman, A.F. 222
 Vicente, N.E. 24
 Villani, M.G. 22
 Vogele, J.M. 40
 Vossen, P. 211
 Voulgaropoulos, A.L. 86
 Waghray, R.N. 266
 Walgenbach, J.F. 8, 89
 Walker, G.P. 86
 Walker, J.W. 264
 Warkentin, D.L. 248
 Watkins, J.E. 146
 Webb, S.E. 78, 176
 Weiss, B. 28, 32, 195, 209, 224
 Wells, H.D. 139
 Weseloh, R.M. 181
 Whalon, M.E. 244
 Wharton, R.A. 29
 Whitcomb, R.F. 81
 White, R. 52
 Whitehead, A.G. 96
 Wieder, S.C. 205
 Wild, B.L. 215
 Wilde, G.E. 68
 Willett, M. 143
 Williams, W.T. 233
 Wilson, C. 32, 184, 195, 242
 Wilson, C.L. 28, 33, 34, 35, 116, 208, 209, 268
 Wilson, Charles L. 31
 Wilson, J.H. 177
 Wilson, L.T. 16
 Wisniewski, M. 184, 195, 209, 272
 Wisniewski, M.E. 33, 34, 116
 Wissel, C. 76
 Wong, T.T.Y. 20, 254, 258
 Wong, T.Y. 99
 Wright, R.J. 132
 Wu, S.C. 136
 Wu, S.X. 136
 Wyman, J.A. 152
 Yeh, T. 30
 Yokota, G.Y. 125
 Yuan, Q.C. 236
 Zalom, F.G. 219
 Zehnder, G.W. 60, 106, 271
 Zeidman, M. 224
 Zhao, J.Z. 136
 Zhu, G.R. 136
 Ziskind, L.A. 101
 Zontek, S.J. 180, 214
 Zutkhi, J. 224
 
                                   Subject Index
 
 Abscission 58
 Acacia saligna 76
 Acari 166
 Acaricides 7, 95
 Acarus 119
 Aceria sheldoni 58, 86
 Adaptation 81
 Adverse effects 99
 Advertising 251
 Africa 50
 Agaricus bisporus 64
 Agricultural chemicals 8, 152
 Agricultural pests 85, 149
 Agrobacterium radiobacter 165
 Agropyron desertorum 156
 Air flow 180
 Alabama 2, 6
 Aldicarb 70
 Aleiodes 44
 Aleyrodidae 27
 Allelochemicals 114
 Allelopathy 107, 221
 Alternaria 28
 Amenity and recreation areas 144
 American samoa 17, 133
 Amino acid sequences 55, 194
 Ammonium nitrate 152
 Amyelois transitella 93, 174
 Anabrus simplex 100
 Anacardiaceae 13
 Anagyrus 80
 Anastrepha ludens 88, 238, 251
 Anastrepha suspensa 39
 Antagonism 165
 Antagonists 33, 34, 116, 165, 215
 Antibiotics 69
 Antifeedants 92
 Antifungal properties 69
 Apanteles subandinus 241
 Aphidoidea 210
 Apple 123
 Apples 33, 35, 66, 104, 141, 143, 184, 239, 272
 Application date 8, 136
 Application methods 3, 7, 8, 95, 160, 209
 Application rates 7, 8, 64, 105, 118, 136, 178, 263
 Appressoria 98
 Arboricides 76, 164
 Arboriculture 164
 Archytas marmoratus 111
 Artemisia 138
 Artemisia tridentata 100, 156
 Arthropod communities 234
 Arthropod pests 19, 169, 175, 191
 Arthropods 19
 Ascomycetes 71
 Asparagus 10, 11
 Asparagus officinalis 125
 Assessment 105
 Atriplex canescens 138
 Atriplex confertifolia 138
 Avocados 128
 Azadirachtin 258
 Bacillus cereus 255
 Bacillus penetrans 217
 Bacillus popilliae 167, 183, 227
 Bacillus pumilus 215
 Bacillus sphaericus 165
 Bacillus subtilis 15, 154
 Bacillus thuringiensis 55, 60, 68, 89, 97, 105, 106, 135, 194, 220,
 230, 236, 244, 271, 284
 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki 248
 Bacteria 202
 Bacterial proteins 135
 Bactericides 7
 Bactrocera 258
 Bactrocera cucurbitae 87, 91, 99, 245
 Bactrocera dorsalis 83, 87, 91, 99, 198, 237, 245, 251
 Bactrocera oleae 75, 140, 196, 245
 Bananas 56
 Beneficial arthropods 234
 Beneficial insects 187
 Beneficial organisms 37
 Benomyl 215
 Beta vulgaris 249
 Beta-glucanase 184
 Bibliographies 158
 Binding 184
 Bioassays 14, 45, 56
 Biological control 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46,
 47, 48, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 73, 80, 82, 83, 89,
 90, 92, 94, 100, 101, 106, 107, 112, 113, 116, 119, 125, 126, 129,
 130, 132, 133, 135, 137, 141, 154, 156, 157, 158, 165, 166, 167,
 172, 177, 179, 183, 184, 186, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 201, 203,
 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 215, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 224, 225,
 227, 228, 229, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250,
 251, 254, 255, 256, 258, 263, 264, 265, 269, 271, 272, 276, 280,
 282, 284, 285
 Biological control agents 18, 20, 22, 26, 33, 34, 42, 44, 60, 72,
 81, 84, 88, 91, 98, 113, 117, 134, 139, 171, 181, 184, 185, 193,
 199, 202, 204, 205, 208, 213, 215, 220, 222, 223, 230, 237, 243,
 249, 252, 255, 257, 259, 285 Biological development 74, 265
 Biology 82, 169
 Biomass 100
 Biosteres 83, 237
 Biosteres arisanus 83, 237
 Biosteres longicaudatus 83, 237
 Biosynthesis 69
 Biotechnology 49
 Blepharella lateralis 44
 Blitopertha orientalis 30
 Book reviews 192
 Botanical insecticides 50
 Botrytis 28
 Botrytis cinerea 72, 184, 224, 272
 Braconidae 20, 87, 88, 198, 254, 258
 British Columbia 277
 Brontispa longissima 17
 Bruchidae 46
 Brush control 100, 156
 Buds 58
 Burkina faso 269
 Calcium 239
 Calcium chloride 35
 California 16, 27, 58, 59, 73, 86, 93, 117, 119, 125, 126, 170,
 171, 174, 192, 193, 202, 207, 211, 219, 227, 228, 249, 250, 251
 Callosobruchus maculatus 269
 Canada 189
 Candida guilliermondii 35, 239
 Canopy 170
 Capsicum annuum 24, 277
 Carbaryl 137
 Carbofuran 24
 Carbon dioxide 128
 Carica papaya 91
 Carpophilus hemipterus 56
 Carya illinoensis 1
 Casing 64
 Cattle 156
 Cell walls 184
 Ceratitis capitata 14, 20, 87, 99, 196, 245, 251, 254, 258
 Chalcididae 204
 Chemical composition 14, 56
 Chemical control 24, 51, 82, 118, 141, 214, 216, 236, 260, 283
 Chemical vs. cultural weed control 76
 Cherries 143
 China 136
 Chrysomelidae 81
 Chrysoperla rufilabris 223
 Citral 50
 Citrullus lanatus 105
 Citrus 27, 59, 88
 Citrus fruits 32, 33, 59, 117, 192, 209, 270
 Citrus limon 58, 86, 215
 Citrus oblonga 73
 Citrus sinensis 215
 Clones 70
 Closed systems 160
 Cocos nucifera 17
 Cold injury 73
 Coleomegilla maculata 185
 Coleoptera 55, 84
 Colocasia esculenta 133
 Colonizing ability 156
 Color 88, 237
 Colorado 100
 Combination 238
 Commercial farming 124
 Comparisons 184
 Competitive ability 107
 Computer analysis 152
 Computer simulation 273
 Computer software 77, 152, 274
 Computer techniques 283
 Conidia 98
 Connecticut 30, 181
 Consumer attitudes 67
 Consumer education 251
 Consumer preferences 21
 Control programs 67, 153, 159
 Controlled atmosphere storage 104
 Copidosoma koehleri 241
 Coppice 76
 Coppicing 76
 Coryneum 233
 Cost benefit analysis 58, 73, 192, 211
 Cost effectiveness analysis 40
 Costa Rica 42
 Costs 232
 Cover crops 73
 Cowpeas 269
 Crambus 169
 Crop damage 58, 82, 89, 105, 125, 157, 173, 233
 Crop losses 173, 179
 Crop management 124, 152, 233
 Crop production 21, 104, 141, 148, 153, 159, 172, 182, 219, 283
 Crop quality 58, 64, 86, 118, 140, 157
 Crop weed competition 107
 Crop yield 21, 24, 58, 64, 68, 83, 86, 93, 96, 107, 152, 174, 192,
 233 Crops 25
 Cross resistance 244
 Crosses 119
 Cruciferae 136
 Cryolite 106, 230
 Cryptococcus (deuteromycotina) 54
 Cryptococcus albidus 54
 Cryptococcus laurentii 54
 Crystals 194
 Cucumbers 71
 Cucumis sativus 255, 277
 Cultivars 21, 70, 72, 94, 96, 97, 118, 119, 144, 152, 262
 Cultural control 46, 103, 132, 275, 282
 Cultural methods 169
 Cultural weed control 118, 260, 261
 Culture media 81, 98
 Cutting 76
 Cutting height 118
 Cyclocephala 183, 227, 263
 Cydia pomonella 211
 Cyfluthrin 137
 Cynodon dactylon 118, 139, 217, 263
 Cyperus esculentus 107
 Cyromazine 87
 Dacus 173
 Damage 169, 178
 Databases 188
 Debaryomyces hansenii 184
 Decay fungi 28, 208, 224
 Decision making 77, 124, 266, 283
 Deep tillage 96
 Defoliation 170
 Delaware 60, 230, 257
 Deltamethrin 97
 Demeton-s-methyl 210
 Demography 75
 Detection 178
 Diabrotica 135
 Diapause 243
 Diazinon 64, 87
 Dicamba 189
 Diclofop 118
 Diets 264
 Diffusion of information 283
 Diflubenzuron 64
 Digitaria 214
 Diglyphus begini 171
 Diglyphus intermedius 171
 Dipping 165
 Disease control 1, 4, 35, 79, 94, 121, 160, 200, 240, 270, 282
 Disease models 77
 Disease resistance 144
 Diseases 200, 267
 Dispersal 22
 Disruption 211
 Diversity 83
 Domestic gardens 132, 285
 Dry beans 216
 Dusts 113
 Ecology 75, 82
 Economic thresholds 86
 Ecosystems 19, 100
 Edovum puttleri 101
 Efficacy 177, 209
 Eleusine indica 118, 214
 Emergence 152
 Empoasca 98
 Empoasca fabae 178
 Encarsia 27
 Encarsia formosa 179
 Endosulfan 89, 230
 Endotoxins 220, 244
 Energy cost of production 192
 England 43, 70
 Entomopathogenic bacteria 55
 Entomophaga 181
 Entomophilic nematodes 22, 112, 206, 259
 Environmental factors 152
 Environmental impact 50, 152, 273
 Environmental policy 160
 Environmental protection 53
 Enzyme activity 184
 Epitrix 139
 Eremochloa ophiuroides 234
 Erosion control 73
 Erwinia 23
 Erynia radicans 98
 Erysiphe cichoracearum 139
 Erythroneura elegantula 16
 Estivation 243
 Ethoprophos 177
 Eucelatoria 111
 Eudocima fullonia 48, 229
 Eugenol 50
 Eulophidae 204
 Eupelmidae 204
 Euphorbia esula 264
 Euplectrus 44
 Europe 26, 104
 Euxoa auxiliaris 68
 Evaluation 133, 229
 Expert systems 66, 77, 124, 191, 283
 Exposure 258
 Extracts 15, 45, 114
 Farm produce 149
 Farmers 123
 Fecundity 87, 101, 281
 Federal government 211
 Feeding behavior 60, 244
 Feeding preferences 264
 Females 269
 Fermentation 238
 Fertility 87, 269
 Fertilizers 51, 52, 94, 234, 262, 267, 282
 Festuca arundinacea 262
 Festuca ovina 30
 Field experimentation 236
 Field tests 58, 60
 Fire 76
 Florida 39, 78, 118, 129, 176, 187, 217, 231
 Flowers 114
 Foliar application 120
 Food consumption 21
 Food processing 65
 Fragaria 90
 France 21, 119
 Frankliniella occidentalis 277
 Frost injury 233
 Fruit 23, 31, 34, 37, 88, 116, 127, 141, 208, 238, 268
 Fruit crops 42, 48, 67, 80, 153, 229
 Fruit growing 142
 Fruit rots 72, 255
 Fruit trees 108, 190, 274, 281
 Fruits 33, 105, 255
 Fumigation 190
 Fungal antagonists 72
 Fungal diseases 115
 Fungal morphology 64
 Fungal spores 17
 Fungi 56
 Fungicidal properties 37
 Fungicides 4, 5, 6, 7, 50, 115, 116, 121, 240, 252
 Fungus control 40, 72, 116, 184, 209
 Garden pests 63
 Gelechiidae 139
 Gene expression 220
 Genes 55
 Genetic control 46
 Genetic improvement 207
 Geographical distribution 42, 81
 Georgia 112, 139, 190, 234
 Germination 98
 Globodera pallida 43, 70, 155, 165
 Globodera rostochiensis 43, 96, 155
 Glomerella cingulata 128
 Glucosinolates 177
 Glyphosate 76
 Golf courses 118, 151, 180, 231, 232, 267, 273
 Goniozus 174
 Government 251
 Grants 228
 Granules 95
 Granulosis viruses 97, 113
 Grapefruits 195
 Grapes 33, 35, 170, 224
 Grass clippings 94
 Grasses 52, 62
 Grasslands 129
 Grazing 109, 110
 Grazing behavior 264
 Grazing effects 156
 Green manures 177
 Greenhouse crops 26, 160, 172, 222, 277
 Greenhouse culture 25, 26, 61, 79, 103, 284
 Greenhouses 130, 162
 Ground cover plants 100
 Growers 124
 Growing media 90
 Growth 165, 190, 249
 Growth rate 107
 Growth regulators 3, 9, 130
 Guam 41, 44, 48
 Guatemala 233
 Guazatine 215
 Gypsophila paniculata 171
 Gyranusoidea tebygi 40
 Harrisina brillians 204
 Harvesting date 3, 140
 Hatch 271
 Hawaii 20, 42, 83, 87, 91, 99, 157, 179, 198, 226, 237, 254 Health
 hazards 3
 Heat sums 74
 Hedeoma pulegioides 188
 Helicoverpa zea 89, 111, 225
 Heliothis virescens 89
 Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis 126, 199
 Hemiptera 125
 Herbicide mixtures 118
 Herbicides 4, 6, 7, 9, 50, 121, 189, 252, 262, 275
 Heterodera schachtii 249
 Heterorhabditis 259
 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 22, 30, 206
 Heterorhabditis heliothidis 112
 Hexaflumuron 105
 Highlands 233
 Hirsutella 249
 History 42
 Horticultural crops 145, 158
 Host parasite relationships 70, 111, 184, 227, 243, 245
 Hosts of plant pests 196
 Hybrids 118
 Hymenoptera 39, 196
 Hyperparasitism 208
 Hyphae 184
 Ichneumonidae 265
 Idaho 264
 Identification 178
 Idioscopus clypealis 253
 Imazalil 215
 Immunodiagnosis 245
 In vitro 209, 215
 Incidence 72, 83, 95, 174, 198
 India 82, 173
 Indiana 103, 187
 Induced resistance 127, 128, 268
 Infection 115
 Infectivity 181
 Infestation 97, 105
 Information processing 283
 Information retrieval 124
 Inhibition 45, 107, 209
 Injuries 72, 173
 Innovation adoption 283
 Inoculum density 72, 215
 Insect attractants 237
 Insect control 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 20, 45, 56, 59, 62, 68, 92, 99,
 105, 106, 113, 114, 121, 129, 132, 134, 136, 141, 152, 167, 173,
 178, 182, 183, 199, 200, 211, 236, 238, 248, 254, 256, 259, 269
 Insect growth regulators 276
 Insect pests 13, 18, 20, 59, 61, 79, 94, 97, 105, 117, 125, 131,
 133, 134, 138, 140, 151, 173, 176, 186, 216, 218, 222, 247, 280
 Insect traps 14, 56, 95
 Insect-plant relationships 108
 Insectaries 157, 179
 Insecticidal action 89, 135, 230, 258
 Insecticide resistance 136, 207, 211, 220, 244, 276
 Insecticides 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 103, 121, 130, 132, 136, 169, 173, 178,
 182, 192, 216, 236, 241, 252
 Insects 4, 5, 61, 131, 137, 169, 267
 Integrated control 76, 79, 93, 96, 97, 115, 118, 141, 144, 145,
 152, 182, 230, 233, 260, 261
 Integrated pest management 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 25, 26, 37, 46, 49, 50,
 52, 53, 57, 59, 61, 62, 70, 75, 77, 78, 86, 97, 103, 104, 105, 117,
 124, 126, 131, 132, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148,
 151, 152, 153, 155, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 168, 170,
 173, 174, 176, 180, 189, 191, 192, 200, 207, 211, 212, 214, 219,
 222, 226, 231, 232, 235, 253, 262, 266, 267, 273, 274, 275, 279,
 283
 Integrated systems 142, 152
 Interactions 22, 234
 Intercropping 50, 133
 International organizations 50
 International trade 21
 Interspecific competition 165
 Introduced species 40, 42, 48, 101, 174
 Ipomoea batatas 107
 Irrigation 21, 52, 94, 152, 262, 267
 Irrigation scheduling 152
 Irrigation systems 73
 Isazofos 137
 Israel 21
 Italy 196, 208
 Ixodes dammini 95
 Juglans regia 207
 Kansas 68
 Kentucky 137, 187
 Labor costs 76
 Laboratory tests 60
 Lambs 264
 Lantana camara 97
 Larvae 30, 84, 95, 183, 194, 206, 223, 236, 256, 265, 269
 Lawns and turf 9, 30, 47, 51, 52, 53, 62, 84, 94, 112, 118, 129,
 144, 146, 151, 161, 163, 167, 168, 169, 180, 183, 187, 202, 206,
 214, 221, 227, 231, 232, 235, 252, 261, 262, 266, 267, 273, 282
 Leafhoppers 216
 Leaves 177
 Legislation 53, 160
 Legumes 46
 Lemons 69, 215
 Lepidoptera 13
 Leptinotarsa 81
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata 18, 60, 81, 92, 101, 106, 135, 139, 185,
 194, 213, 220, 223, 230, 236, 243, 244, 256, 257, 259, 271
 Lesions 72
 Leucinodes orbonalis 265
 Life cycle 13, 169, 178, 179, 243
 Life history 281
 Life tables 75
 Lifespan 269
 Lines 111
 Liriomyza 197
 Liriomyza huidobrensis 171
 Liriomyza sativae 74
 Literature reviews 18, 26, 29, 46, 49, 77, 79, 82, 144, 160, 222
 Live mulches 190
 Lobesia botrana 45, 114
 Longevity 258
 Lycopersicon esculentum 89, 111, 179, 226
 Lycoriella auripila 64
 Lymantria dispar 181
 Lyme disease 95
 Macadamia 157, 218
 Macrosiphum euphorbiae 210
 Maintenance 246
 Malus 283
 Malus pumila 8, 115, 121, 124, 166, 211, 247
 Manduca 89
 Mangifera indica 41, 44, 88, 173
 Manual weed control 76
 Marketing techniques 21
 Maryland 94, 232, 281
 Massachusetts 148, 185, 236
 Mating 211
 Mcpa 189
 Measurement 180
 Medicinal plants 278
 Mediterranean climate 113
 Meloidogyne 190
 Meloidogyne chitwoodi 177
 Meloidogyne incognita 24
 Metarhizium anisopliae 17, 90
 Methomyl 89
 Methylcellulose 165
 Metribuzin 118
 Mexico 204, 213, 225
 Mice 95
 Michigan 244
 Microbial pesticides 102
 Microcomputers 283
 Mite control 58, 166, 228
 Mode of action 184
 Models 74
 Monilia 233
 Monitoring 152, 234, 237, 241, 267, 277
 Morphology 202
 Mortality 68, 183, 230, 236, 256
 Mowing 52, 94, 262, 267
 Msma 118
 Mulching 132
 Myiopharus 243
 Myiopharus doryphorae 243
 Natural enemies 18, 19, 26, 38, 79, 139, 158, 169, 186, 204, 247
 Neem seed cake 269
 Neem seed extract 99, 230
 Nematicides 4, 9, 190
 Nematoda 4, 190, 285
 Nematode control 4, 7, 24, 43, 70, 165, 212, 217, 249
 Nematophagous fungi 43, 249
 Neoaplectana 225
 Neoaplectana carpocapsae 30, 206, 263
 Neoaplectana feltiae 30, 64, 259, 263
 Neoaplectana glaseri 30, 263
 Neoseiulus cucumeris 277
 Neoseiulus fallacis 166
 Netherlands 25, 79, 160, 222
 New Jersey 95, 187
 New York 57, 84, 243
 Nezara viridula 157, 218
 Nitrate 152
 Nitrogen 73, 275
 Nitroimidazoles 120
 Non-crop weed control 76
 Nonionic surfactants 118
 Nontarget effects 99, 234
 North America 66
 North Carolina 8, 9, 52, 89
 North Dakota 169
 Northern ireland 43
 Norway 142
 Nozzles 106
 Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses 248
 Nucleotide sequences 55, 194
 Nutrient requirements 3
 Nymphs 95
 Odors 238
 Ohio 187, 206
 Old age 190
 Olea europaea 140
 Oligonychus peruvianus 193
 Ontario 166
 Ooencyrtus 229
 Operating costs 76
 Opius 83, 237
 Opius concolor 196, 245
 Oranges 215
 Orchards 8, 124, 166, 190, 233, 283
 Oregon 279
 Organic farming 276, 284
 Organophosphate insecticides 276
 Orgilus lepidus 241
 Orius 199
 Orius tristicolor 277
 Ornamental plants 79, 134, 200
 Ornamental trees 108
 Ornamental woody plants 80, 281
 Ostrinia nubilalis 57
 Otiorhynchus sulcatus 90
 Ova 45, 137, 185, 223, 271
 Overwintering 243
 Oviposition 45, 244, 265
 Oviposition deterring pheromones 45
 Oxamyl 96, 230
 Pacific states of U.S.A. 212
 Packing 104
 Paecilomyces lilacinus 24
 Panonychus ulmi 166
 Papua new guinea 229
 Parasites 213
 Parasites of insect pests 16, 18, 20, 29, 39, 40, 41, 42, 48, 64,
 80, 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 99, 101, 111, 119, 125, 133, 157, 171, 174,
 179, 196, 198, 204, 225, 229, 234, 237, 241, 243, 245, 258
 Parasitism 202, 265
 Parasitoid augmentation 20
 Parasitoids 44, 88, 91, 203, 204, 281
 Parks 189
 Paspalum notatum 190
 Passiflora caerulea 280
 Passiflora edulis 19, 280
 Pastures 112, 139, 156
 Patents 208
 Patients 205
 Peaches 20, 33, 35, 154
 Pears 72, 143
 Penetration 165
 Penicillaria 41, 44
 Penicillium digitatum 69, 195, 209, 215
 Penicillium expansum 72, 272
 Pennsylvania 124, 283
 Perennial weeds 139
 Periderm 107
 Perillus bioculatus 230, 256
 Permethrin 106
 Persea Americana 21, 126, 193, 199, 228, 251
 Persistence 112, 206
 Pest control 1, 2, 13, 57, 67, 84, 162, 169, 172, 187, 192, 193,
 218, 232, 251, 262, 263, 280, 282
 Pest management 5, 66, 175, 177, 200, 246, 267, 276
 Pest resistance 79, 92, 111, 119, 144, 155, 160, 220
 Pesticidal action 234
 Pesticidal plants 188
 Pesticide residues 104
 Pesticide resistance 175
 Pesticides 2, 3, 5, 8, 50, 58, 59, 63, 79, 84, 121, 122, 131, 144,
 147, 152, 160, 164, 171, 187, 191, 200, 226, 231, 235, 252, 267,
 273
 Pests 12, 41, 61, 63, 109, 110, 123, 149
 Petioles 152
 Ph 98
 Phagostimulants 60
 Phaseolus lunatus 74
 Phenology 74, 243
 Pheromone traps 241
 Pheromones 211, 276
 Phthorimaea operculella 82, 97, 113, 241
 Phyllophaga 169
 Phyllophaga crinita 167, 263
 Physical control 46
 Phytotoxicity 64, 118, 130
 Pichia 28, 184, 195, 208, 209, 224, 272
 Pieris rapae 136
 Piperonyl butoxide 230
 Pitfall traps 210
 Plant analysis 152
 Plant composition 92, 114
 Plant disease control 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 47, 152, 208, 283
 Plant diseases 4, 5, 145
 Plant extracts 107, 116
 Plant growth regulators 247
 Plant nutrition 190
 Plant oils 269
 Plant parasites 122
 Plant parasitic nematodes 43, 139, 165, 177, 190, 202, 217, 249
 Plant pathogenic bacteria 23
 Plant pathogenic fungi 69
 Plant pathogens 139
 Plant pathology 77
 Plant pests 29, 39, 49, 145, 158, 243
 Plant products 278
 Plant protection 77, 79, 131, 269
 Planting 52, 246, 262
 Ploidy 138
 Plutella xylostella 136
 Poa pratensis 137, 169, 262
 Podisus maculiventris 256
 Poisoning 200
 Poland 247
 Policy 25
 Pollinators 19
 Poly(vinyl alcohol) 165
 Pome fruits 36
 Popillia japonica 22, 30, 137, 206
 Population change 190
 Population density 72, 76, 95, 105, 165, 174, 181, 202, 256
 Population dynamics 24, 83, 198, 213, 237, 253, 269, 277
 Postharvest decay 15, 23, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 54, 65, 69,
 71, 116, 127, 128, 143, 154, 184, 195, 201, 209, 215, 224, 239,
 240, 242, 255, 268, 270, 272 Postharvest losses 34
 Postharvest treatment 33
 Potatoes 97, 113, 150
 Pratylenchus 139
 Pratylenchus penetrans 212
 Predators 213, 281
 Predators of insect pests 134, 137, 166, 185, 187, 210, 222, 223,
 234, 256, 257, 277
 Predatory arthropods 18
 Preharvest sprays 113
 Prevention 104
 Probabilistic models 76
 Problem analysis 75
 Production costs 152
 Productivity 152
 Progeny 87
 Projects 42
 Propargite 193
 Protected cultivation 145, 160
 Proteins 55, 194
 Pruning 233
 Prunus dulcis 93, 174
 Prunus persica 7, 20, 88, 190, 233
 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona 280, 281
 Pseudomonas cepacia 69
 Pseudomonas fluorescens 23
 Pseudomonas putida 23
 Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans 72
 Psidium cattleyanum 198
 Psidium guajava 83, 198, 237
 Pterostichus madidus 210
 Pterostichus melanarius 210
 Public gardens 279
 Puerto Rico 24
 Pupae 137
 Pycnanthemum 188
 Pyrethrins 50
 Pyrethroid insecticides 68
 Pyrethroids 276
 Pythium aphanidermatum 255
 Quality 104
 Rain 181
 Rangelands 100
 Rape 177
 Rastrococcus invadens 40, 80
 Rearing techniques 157, 179, 258
 Regulation 211
 Regulations 102, 235
 Reproduction 101, 258
 Research 25, 26, 79
 Research projects 201
 Research support 228
 Residual effects 236
 Resistance 130
 Returns 152
 Rhagoletis 203
 Rhagoletis cerasi 75, 196
 Rhagoletis pomonella 75
 Rhizoctonia solani 139
 Rhizopus 28
 Rhizopus stolonifer 224
 Rhizosphere 165
 Rickettsiaceae 227
 Roots 107, 165, 177
 Rootstocks 119
 Roses 71, 279
 Rotations 132, 136
 Rotenone 230
 Rotylenchulus reniformis 24
 Row spacing 275
 Rsfsr 101
 Rubus 212
 Safety 5, 192, 200, 267
 Safety at work 3
 Saline water 21
 Sampling 58, 169, 226, 241
 Sandy loam soils 96
 Saprophytes 72
 Scald 104
 Scale insects 108
 Scapteriscus 129
 Scarabaeidae 30, 112
 Scotland 43
 Scrub control 76
 Searching behavior 56
 Seasonal abundance 139, 234
 Seasonal variation 243
 Seasonality 281
 Secondary metabolites 33
 Seed dressings 120
 Seed germination 10, 11
 Seed treatment 165
 Seedlings 156
 Selection 246
 Selenothrips rubrocinctus 199
 Semiochemicals 45
 Sex attractants 238
 Sex pheromones 14, 238, 241
 Sex ratio 83, 277, 281
 Sheep 156
 Shrubs 246
 Site factors 156, 241
 Site preparation 52, 94
 Site selection 94
 Size 88
 Small fruits 2, 5, 6
 Smell 114
 Social participation 189
 Socioeconomic status 40
 Soil 190
 Soil bacteria 165
 Soil compaction 96
 Soil fungi 249
 Soil ph 267
 Soil temperature 285
 Soil texture 73, 267
 Soil treatment 11, 120
 Soil water content 285
 Solanaceae 256
 Solanum 213
 Solanum berthaultii 92
 Solanum carolinense 139
 Solanum melongena 265
 Solanum tuberosum 43, 60, 70, 82, 96, 101, 106, 113, 152, 155, 159,
 165, 177, 210, 220, 230, 236, 241, 244, 256, 257, 271
 Solenopsis invicta 169
 Sound traps 129
 South  Africa 13, 76, 199, 280
 South Carolina 107
 Spain 21
 Spatial distribution 277
 Species diversity 81
 Sphaerotheca fuliginea 71
 Sphaerotheca pannosa 71
 Spiroplasma 81
 Spodoptera exigua 105, 248
 Spodoptera frugiperda 137, 225
 Spore germination 209
 Sports grounds 118, 189, 262
 Sporulation 249
 Spraying 165, 271
 Spraying equipment 5
 Spraying precautions 130
 Spread 193
 Sri lanka 265
 Stand density 76
 Steinernema 112, 129, 225, 259
 Stems 177
 Sterile insect release 250, 254
 Sticky traps 103
 Storage 104
 Storage decay 72, 208
 Storage dips 72
 Stored products 46
 Stored products pests 97
 Strains 55, 90, 165
 Strawberries 284
 Sucrose 165
 Sulfur 193
 Suppression 255
 Surface layers 105
 Surveys 139, 204, 257
 Survival 75, 76, 87, 101, 156, 165, 190, 258
 Susceptibility 111
 Sustainability 50, 160
 Sustainable agriculture 109, 110
 Sweet potatoes 85
 Synthesis 14
 Tachinidae 204
 Tanacetum vulgare 114
 Techniques 200
 Teflubenzuron 105
 Telenomus 229
 Temperate tree fruits 3
 Temperature 72, 74, 98, 270
 Temporal variation 72
 Tephritidae 29, 38, 42, 49, 245
 Terpenoids 114
 Tetranychus urticae 166
 Texas 167, 225, 263
 Thatch 94
 Thiabendazole 209
 Tillage 262
 Timing 271
 Tomatoes 28, 33
 Toxicity 55, 120, 194, 230, 247
 Training of animals 264
 Transgenics 220, 244
 Transpiration 73
 Tree fruits 27, 54, 131, 276
 Tree shakers 93
 Trees 246
 Trialeurodes vaporariorum 179, 226
 Trichlorfon 105
 Trichoderma harzianum 10, 11
 Trichogramma 89
 Trichogramma ostriniae 57
 Trichomes 92
 Trichoplusia ni 89
 Triclopyr 76
 Trioxys pallidus 207
 Trissolcus basalis 157
 Triticum 68
 Tropics 46
 Tubers 82, 96, 107
 Tunisia 113
 Typhlodromus 193
 U.S.A. 29, 67, 101, 119, 147, 208, 235
 U.S.S.R.in europe 101
 Uk 96, 144
 Ultrastructure 202
 Ultraviolet radiation 268
 Undergrowth 100
 Usage 147, 160
 Usda 208
 Utah 138, 156
 Varietal reactions 72
 Varietal resistance 46, 70, 97
 Varietal susceptibility 70, 118
 Varieties 104
 Vegetables 4, 12, 23, 33, 34, 42, 67, 127, 147, 148, 149, 160, 172,
 186, 219, 260, 268
 Venezuela 19
 Vespidae 126
 Victoria 241
 Vineyards 78
 Viral insecticides 113, 248
 Virginia 53, 60, 106, 271
 Virulence 72
 Vitacea polistiformis 78
 Viteus vitifoliae 119
 Vitis 16, 78, 119, 176
 Vitis vinifera 114, 204
 Volatile compounds 56
 Volume 106
 Warehouses 104
 Washington 5, 131, 256, 276
 Water allocation 251
 Water management 251
 Water requirements 73
 Weed control 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 51, 73, 94, 107, 118, 121, 152, 168,
 200, 214, 221, 262, 264, 275
 Weeds 4, 9, 267
 West  Africa 40, 80
 West Virginia 188
 Western samoa 17, 229
 Wildlife management 3
 Wind tunnels 56
 Wisconsin 152, 159
 Xenorhabdus 259, 285
 Xiphinema 212
 Xiphinema Americanum 212
 Yeasts 35, 224
 Yellow sticky traps 277
 Yield losses 64
 Zea mays 57, 275
 Zetzellia mali 166
```