CEMP-CE

Engineer 

Pamphlet

415-1-261

Volume 2

Department of the Army

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Washington, DC 20314-1000

EP 415-1-261

Volume 2

31 Mar 92

Construction

Quality Assurance Representative's Guide

Pile Driving, Dams, Levees and Related Items

Distribution Restriction Statement

Approved for public release; distribution is 

unlimited.

EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter

Number

2G Pile Construction

2H Levee Construction and Earth

Embankment Construction for Dams

2I Relief Well Construction

2J Drilling for Subsurface Investigation

2K Lock Gate Erection

2L Dam Gate Erection

2M Penstocks, Surge Tanks and Tunnel Lines

2N Revetments

2O Dredging

2P Jetty, Breakwater and Groins

Chapters numbered in the guides contain the same subject

information as the numbered divisions in the specifications for

both military and civil works construction projects. They are

identified by specific volume as follows:

Chapter

Number Volume 1 Subject

1 General Requirements

2 Sitework: earthwork,

underground utilities,

paving, plantings, and

railroads

2 Volume 2

Sitework (continued):

piles, levees, dams, 

relief wells, drilling, 

lock and dam gates, 

penstocks, revetments, 

dredging, jetty, 

breakwater, and groin 

construction.

Volume 3

3 Concrete

4 Masonry

5 Metals

6 Wood and Plastics

7 Thermal & Moisture

8 Protection

9 Door & Windows

9 Finishes

10 Accessories &

Specialties

12 Furnishing & Casework

Volume 4

13 Special Construction

14 Conveying Systems

15 Mechanical

16 Electrical
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2G

PILE CONSTRUCTION

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2G-01 GENERAL 2G-1

2G-02 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2G-1

2G-03 TESTS AND RECORDS 2G-4

a. Tests

b. Records

2G-04 INSPECTION 2G—5

a. Steel Pile-H piles,

Pipe Piles, Sheet

Piling

b. Timber Pile (Round)

c. Timber Pile (Sheet)

d. Concrete Sheet Piling

e. Precast Concrete Piling

f. Cast—In-Place Concrete Piles

2G-05 INSTALLATION 2G-8

a. General

b. Concrete Pile

c. Driving for Resistance

d. Overdriving

e. Tolerances
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-1

CHAPTER 2G

PILE CONSTRUCTION

2G-01. GENERAL

Information contained in this chapter applies in general to

pile driving on any project; specific information pertaining to a

particular project should be obtained from your supervisor and

from the plans and specifications. If a conflict exists between

this chapter and the contract plans and specifications, the

contract will govern.

2G-02. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

a. Check use of pile. i.e.. point bearing or friction.

b. Check whether piles are to be driven to refusal, a

specified bearing or depth.

c. Check workmanship. materials, and line and grade of

completed work.

d. Maintain all required records.

e. Reject unsatisfactory materials.

f. Check testing of materials.

(1) At source of supply

(2) On site

g. Checks Prior to Driving

(1) Check pile lengths required and bearing capacity of

piles.

(2) Check borings to determine the driving resistances to

be expected and types of materials to be encountered.

(3) Check piles as delivered to site and mark piles which

are not acceptable.

(4) Check piles for length and have lengths indicated on

piles near top.

(5) Check piles made up for specific locations; have the

piles location number painted on the pile.

(6) Check out pile driving equipment for size and

condition. Check boiler inspection certificate and other safety

requirements where steam or compressed air is used. Continue

checking daily.

(7) Obtain and study the brochure printed by the pile

hammer manufacturer pertaining to the hammer being used in order

to learn of hammer capabilities and limitations.

(8) Check types of special piles and obtain the brochures

or pamphlets put out by the manufacturers of these piles to become

familiar with the methods of handling, inspecting and driving.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-2

(9) Check for pile numbering plan. Enter in your report the

order driven.

(10) Check that heads are flat and smooth and are normal to

the longitudinal axis.

h. Checks During Driving

(1) Check care in handling piles, overdriving, hitting

obstructions, driving out of plumb, retardation of stroke and

sequence of driving.

(2) Check strata into which piles are driven and depths.

Check against profile of borings.

(3) Check that records include type of pile, length used,

type and size of hammer, manufacturer, strokes per minute, blows

per foot, number of blows per inch of penetration, elevations of

pile butt and tip after driving.

(4) Check that approval is obtained for relocation of piles

or driving additional piles.

(5) Check the behavior of the pile during driving.

(a) Check hardness of driving at various depths against the

strata shown on the boring log.

(b) Check for deviations which indicate broken piles,

obstructions or driving irregularities. Check inside length

against outside markings.

(6) Check steel driving shoes used on wood or concrete

piles. Check damage to pile tip by pulling an occasional pile.

(7) Check that piles are driven continuously. If driving is

suspended, note the tip grade at the time of the shutdown and the

duration of the delay.

(8) Check uplift on piles.

(a) Check when piles are driven in groups or clusters for

heaving of earth around the piles.

(b) Check grade on piles after they are driven and later

rechecked.

(c) Check with your supervisor if heaving occurs.

(9) Check that use of small tips is avoided. Check damage

to tips on wood piles by pulling an occasional pile.

(10) Check for preparation of pile schedule and lengths.

(a) Drive several piles adjacent to boring locations.

(b) Note blows per foot for each foot.

(c) Compare (b) with boring data.

(11) Check that piles are set vertically, or, if batter

piles, on the axis which they are to follow. Check that the hammer

is centered over the pile.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-3

(12) Check use of templates or timber bracing for guiding

piles when driving without leads.

(a) Check deviation from proper location. Cut off and

abandon and drive new pile.

(b) Pull and redrive.

(13) Check jetting is used only with approval of

supervisor.

(a) Check depth jetting permitted.

(b) Check for walking out of plumb and loosening of piles

previously driven.

(c) Check that piles are redriven after jetting in area is

completed.

(d) Check possibility of damage to existing structures if

jetting permitted.

(14) Check lagging is used only with prior approval.

(15) Check piles are not driven within 100 feet of concrete

less than 7 days old.

(16) Check ownership and payment of pile cut-offs. Check if

cut-off lengths are excessive.

(17) Make sure your records indicate pay lengths.

(18) Check deviations from pile schedule; notify your

supervisor.

(19) Ensure pile driving is not started until approval is

given as to the type and weight of the hammer to be used.

i. Site Conditions. Inspection of Equipment

(1) Check for unfavorable conditions such as rock, ledge,

boulders not indicated on drawings, excessive soft spots, crusts,

old foundations disclosed during construction, and report to your

supervisor.

(2) Check site conditions, including lines, grades,

foundation preparation, all available boring information, rightof-way, roadways, streams or other waterways, terrain, and all

driving conditions.

(3) Check equipment proposed for use by the contractor will

produce the finished work of requirement standards within the

scheduled time.

(a) Check size of hammer.

(b) Check type of driving hammer bases, anvils and caps

against type of piling.

(c) Check followers are used only with the approval of your

supervisor.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-4

(d) Check condition of hammer for wear, improper

adjustment, poor lubrication, long hose lengths, leaks and drops

in steam pressure.

(e) Check double-acting and differential-acting hammers are

run at manufacturer*s rated speeds.

j. Pile Driving Procedure

(1) Check with supervisor procedure to be followed.

(2) Check formula to be used as a guide in determining

bearing capacity.

(3) Check minimum bearing value to be obtained if not

stated.

(4) Check with supervisor for blows per inch (or fraction

of an inch penetration) for the last ten blows to be obtained when

driving to refusal.

2G-03. TESTS AND RECORDS

a. Tests

(1) Check test piles to be driven and method of loading.

(2) Check time required between driving and testing.

(3) Check test pile operation and log all data.

b. Records-Check daily job records of pile driving

operations are complete and contain the following information:

(1) Site

(a) Depth of water (if any). (Condition of bottom if pile

driver is in water).

(b) Elevation of water surface, tidal and stream flow or

current observations.

(c) Elevation of ground surface.

(d) Ground-water elevation.

(e) Character of surface soil.

(f) Effect of pile driving on elevation of soil surface.

(g) Weather-Temperature, precipitation, high winds.

(h) Ground surface- Depth of frost (if any), wet, muddy, or

dry.

(2) Location of Pile

(a) Identification by reference number on plan approved for

field use.

(b) Actual location as driven and length of pile driven.

(3) Driving Record
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-5

(a) Pile Data - type and length used.

(b) Hammer Data — type and size and manufacturer of hammer

used.

(c) Driving Data — blows per inch penetration, and

elevation of butt and tip after driving.

2G-04. INSPECTION

a. Steel Pile - H Piles. Pipe Piles. Sheet Piling

(1) Check upon delivery grade and type of steel and mill

certificates.

(2) Check diameter, weight and type.

(3) Check surface condition, condition of interlocks,

condition of pile point and pile head reinforcing or shaping.

(4) Check bends of flange injuries in shipment or handling.

(5) Check for defective rivets or welds, and fit at

splices.

(6) Check certification of welders.

(7) Check number of splices per pile.

(8) Check storage and handling methods.

(9) Check interlock dimensions for interchange and placing

of piles for location, spacing, direction and threading of

interlock of sheet piles.

(10) Check that driving operations do not rupture

interlock.

(11) Check on enclosed sheet pile structures for accuracy

of initial pile location and plumbness.

(12) Check last closure pile is driven free without jamming

or causing damage of interlocks.

(13) Check splices are staggered, and allowable splices per

pile.

(14) Check cutoff elevations and allowable tolerances.

(15) Check handling and pulling holes are provided.

(16) Check expansion and contraction allowances on walers.

(17) Check caps are not placed before sway bracing,

welding, etc. is completed.

(18) Check concrete is not dumped in pipe piles through

water.

(19) Check sheet piling is left slightly higher than cutoff

elevation.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-6

(20) Check every tenth sheet pile is pinned to prevent

walking and to maintain plumbness.

(21) Check that steel pipe tops frayed or battered during

driving are cut of f.

b. Timber Pile (Round)

(1) Check type of timber as delivered.

(2) Check dimensions and straightness of the pile.

(3) Check for decay, knots, splits, shakes, crooks and

bends.

(4) Check preparation of points and heads for driving.

(5) Check methods and amount of treatment required.

(6) Check removal of bark.

(7) Check treated timber piling is not handled with cant

dogs, spike poles, or hooks.

(8) Check all cuts and breaks are treated.

(9) Check use of collars or bands.

(10) Check the head of a timber pile is recut, if broomed.

(11) Check that driving of piles beyond the point of

refusal is not permitted.

(12) Check cutoffs for all structures.

(13) Check bolt holes.

(a) Check holes bored for drift bolts are 1/16—inch smaller

in diameter than the drift bolt.

(b) Check holes in treated piles and timbers are filled

with hot creosote and where not used tightly closed by a treated

plug.

(c) Check that holes are not bored or spikes driven in

treated piles to support scaffolding.

(14) Check treated piles are cut off only during favorable

weather.

(15) Check cutting of treated spreaders, walers and piles

is not done to permit fitting, unless approved.

(16) Check ends of bolts and tie rods extending more than 3

inches beyond the nut are cut off to that length. Ends of all

bolts shall be bent or battered after the nut is tight.

(17) Check bolts and tie rods have at least 3 inches of

threads remaining under the nut after tightening the nut.

(18) Check walers for overlap, each on each, and that

proper number of piling is included in the overlap.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-7

(19) Check washers for make, weight, shape and size.

c. Timber Pile (Sheet)

(1) Check on—site fabrication (Wakefield) for surfacing,

grade and size of lumber; size and length of nails, spikes or

bolts; proper dimensioning of fabricated work (tongue—and-groove

dimensions); required nailing or fastening procedures.

(2) Check used Wakefield piling for tongue-and-groove

dimensions, suitability of piling and proper lengths.

(3) Check painting of piles.

(4) Check nailing of driven piles is such as to prevent

springing.

(5) Check liners and caps installation.

d. Concrete Sheet Piling

(1) Check tongue—and-groove interlocks are not chipped,

cracked or broken.

(2) Check units are of uniform shape, true, and straight.

Warped, bent or broken piles shall be rejected.

(3) Check interlocks are fully grouted, where

watertightness is required.

e. Precast Concrete Piling

(1) Check quality of the concrete.

(a) Record concrete mix used.

(b) Check for conformance with approved mix.

(2) Check reinforcement is free from rust and scale and

placed properly.

(3) Check casting yard operations for the following:

(a) Casting floor will be firm.

(b) Width of pallet boards.

(c) All cut ends of reinforcing tie wire are turned away

from form surface.

(d) All inside surfaces of forms are smooth and clean.

(e) Chamfer strip (if required) is in place and firmly

attached to form.

(f) Bracings and blocking between and around each piling

firm.

(g) Check pile forms are level and straight with no

openings.

(h) Check placing is continuous from start to completion,

beginning at the head and working toward point.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-8

(i) Check top surface is secreted and brushed to a uniform,

even texture similar to that produced by the forms.

(j) Check upon completion of placement, each pile is

stamped or marked on head and point to indicate date and length.

(k) Check as soon as practical that the lifting and stack

points are painted on each pile.

(1) Check curing.

(m) Check handling of pile is not permitted until the

required strength has been attained.

(n) Check lifting cables are provided with some device to

equalize the pull at all lifting points.

f. Cast-In-Place Concrete Piles

(1) Check quality of the concrete.

(a) Record concrete mix used.

(b) Check for conformance with approved mix.

(2) Check reinforcement for cleanliness and placement.

(3) Check the prepared pile hole, before placing

reinforcement, to check full dimensions and to see that no

swelling or movement of the soil occurs before placing concrete.

(4) Check identification of casings as delivered with those

inspected and accepted at the manufacturer*s plant.

(5) Check the driven casing for ruptures and plumbness

before placing reinforcement or concrete, when the casing is to be

left in the ground.

(6) Check that prepared pile hole is free of water before

placing concrete.

(7) Check the elapsed time after placing concrete before

placing the load on the pile.

2G-05. INSTALLATION

a. General

(1) Check layout location for piles.

(2) Check template for sturdiness and elevation.

(3) Check pile hammer data before driving commences.

(4) Check boiler certificate is obtained from contractor if

steam is used.

(5) Check handling of piles. Insist that pickup points be

used.

(6) Check length and size of each pile for required

location.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-9

(7) Check penetration of pile immediately after setting and

record in Daily Driving Log.

(8) Check alignment laterally, longitudinally and

vertically; also batter lines (if battered piles are required).

(9) Check cushion condition beneath during actual driving

operation.

(10) Check continuous driving until required depth or

penetration is attained.

b. Concrete Pile

(1) Check that precast concrete piles are protected by

means of driving heads.

(2) Check cast-in—place unit shells are thoroughly cleaned

out with air or water jets and all water removed before concrete

is placed.

(3) Check reinforcing steel is rigidly assembled, lowered

into the shell, and adequately secured in proper position until

concrete is placed. Loose bars shall not be permitted.

(4) Check provisions and method of cutting and splicing.

c. Driving for Resistance

(1) Check that the ram is operating at full stroke, rated

speed, and under full recommended pressure.

(2) Check any evidence of slowing down of hammer.

(3) Check cushioning materials for conformance with those

anticipated in the designer*s resistance formulas.

(4) Check carefully the readings taken immediately after

resumption of driving.

(5) Check inside piles are driven first, when piles are to

be driven in groups.

d. Overdriving

(1) Check against overdriving when specific depths of

penetration are unattainable due to some unforeseen condition

underground.

(2) Check sound and character of vibration of the pile

during driving for evidence of overdriving.

(3) Check bouncing of hammer of dissipation of the energy

of the blow in bending or kinking of the pile, as indications of

overdriving.

(4) Check with supervisors the advisability of pulling an

occasional pile to check for damage from overdriving.

e. Tolerances

(1) Check permissible tolerances are maintained.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2G-10

(2) Check guides and templates are used to secure proper

alignment until penetration is sufficient to determine its course.

(3) Check springing of piles during driving to bring them

into proper alignment.

(4) Check tolerance in aligning and plumbing foundation

piles which are to be buried.

(5) Check accuracy of line and plumbness for trestles,

docks, small column footings and wall footings.

(6) Check piling is not trimmed or cut to facilitate the

framing of sway or longitudinal bracing.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2H

LEVEE CONSTRUCTION AND

EARTH EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION FOR DAMS

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2H-01 GENERAL 2H-1

2H-02 GENERAL PROVISIONS 2H-l

a. Lines and Grades

b. Conduct of the work

c. Records

2H-03 CLEARING AND GRUBBING 2H-2

2H-04 STRIPPING 2H-2

a. Area Limits

b. Use of Topsoil

c. Stripping

d. Drainage Provisions

2H-05 FILL MATERIALS 2H-2

a. General

2H-06 EXCAVATION 2H-2

a. General

b. Specific

c. Excavation Where

Blasting is Employed

2H-07 PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION 2H-3

a. Bond

b. Fill

c. Loosen Foundation

d. Cleanup

e. Rock Foundation Preparation

2H-08 PLACEMENT 2H-4

a. Rolled Fill

b. Hydraulic Fill for Dams

2H-09 MOISTURE CONTROL-ROLLED 2H-6

FILLED SECTIONS

a. General

b. Impervious Sections

c. Random Sections

d. Pervious Sections

e. Filter Drainage Layers

f. Rock Fill Sections

2H-10 COMPACTION 2H-6

a. General
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

ii

(cont*d)

2H-10 b. Soil Types as Related

to Compaction

c. Methods of Compaction

d. Types of Compacting

Equipment

e. Moisture Density Relationship

2H-11 HYDRAULIC FILL FOR LEVEES 2H-8

a. Hydraulic Placement

b. Outlets

c. Damage

d. Rehandling of Hydraulic

2H-12 DRESSING 2H-9

a. Overbuilding of Embankment

b. Final Grade

c. Roughness of Surface

2H-13 STONE PROTECTION 2H-9

a. Material

b. Placement

c. Gravel Surfacing

2H-14 ZONING OF MATERIALS IN 2H-9

LEVEES

a. Homogeneous Material

b. Nonhomogeneous Material

2H-15 GRADE TOLERANCES AND 2H-10

SHRINKAGE ALLOWANCE FOR

LEVEES

a. Tolerances

b. Shrinkage Allowance

2H-16 SETTLEMENT OF MONITORING 2H-10

DEVICES FOR LEVEES AND

EMBANKMENTS

a. Installation

b. Records and Maintenance
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-1

CHAPTER 2H

LEVEE CONSTRUCTION AND

EARTH EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION FOR DAMS

2H-01. GENERAL

This chapter covers all operations in connection with

preparing the embankment, blanket foundations and placement and

compaction of all permanent fills and backfills. If a conflict

should exist between this guide and the contract specifications,

the contract will govern. All conflicts will be reported to you:

supervisor.

2H-02. GENERAL PROVISIONS

a. Lines and Grades

(1) Check extent of survey work to be performed by the

contractor and by the Government.

(2) Check whether or not Government survey obligations

have been met.

(3) Check, prior to start of work, location of vertical

and horizontal control markers established by the Government.

(4) Check that work area limits are plainly marked prior

to start of construction operations.

(5) Check work area limits against real estate property

limits to determine ownership status.

(6) Check actual conditions of the site of the proposed

work for agreement with the drawings.

(7) Check contractor*s layout for accuracy, control and

agreement with lines and grades on contract drawings.

(8) Check that original cross sections are taken before

start of construction.

b. Conduct of the Work

(1) Check penetration of material, work and existing

structures.

(2) Check that haul roads are approved prior to use and

maintained during construction.

(3) Check rate of excavation from approved borrow sources

or areas of required excavation.

(4) Check contractor*s Environmental Protection Plan.

(a) Is stockpiling required?

(b) Do not permit unauthorized wasting or borrowing.

(5) Check on the type and frequency of tests the

contractor is required to perform in accordance with the

contractor*s quality control plan. (QC)
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-2

(6) Check on the type and frequency of tests the

Government is to perform for quality assurance. (QA)

(7) Check to insure that contractor quality control tests

and Government quality assurance tests are performed at the

specified frequency.

c. Records

(1) Check with your supervisor prior to the start of work

as to type of reports required, frequency, and data to be

included.

(2) Check on reason for reports and end use.

2H-03. CLEARING AND GRUBBING

Refer to chapter 2A.

2H-04. STRIPPING

a. Area Limits - Check.

b. Use of Topsoil

(1) Check stockpiling or borrowing.

(2) Check work in place.

(3) Check wasting.

c. Stripping - Check depths.

d. Drainage Provisions - Check after stripping.

2H-05. FILL MATERIALS

a. General

(1) Check sources.

(2) Check material in place for classification.

(3) Check that unsuitable materials are not placed.

(4) Check various types of fills and the locations of

each.

2H-06. EXCAVATION

a. General

(1) Check use of suitable materials.

(2) Check disposal of materials to be wasted.

(3) Check location of work limits,

(4) Check controls, horizontal and vertical.

(5) Check grades on "cut" stakes.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-3

b. Specific

(1) Check line and grade of foundation excavation.

(2) Check excavated section of channels and ditches.

(3) Check removal of unsuitable material.

(4) Check fill material from borrow.

(5) Check excavation areas for drainage.

(6) Check use of interceptor ditches to control runoff.

(7) Check finished slopes as excavation progresses.

(8) Check slope tolerances as the work progresses.

(9) Check for provisions and certification of monitoring

equipment and operator.

c. Excavation Where Blasting is Employed

(1) Check contractor*s blasting pattern against

contractor*s approved plan.

(2) Check use of test blasts before starting a full scale

blasting program. Monitor the test blast program prior to full

scale blasting, if required in the contractor.

(3) Keep a record of quantity of powder used per blast,

the number of the fuse delays used, blasting caps, and the depth

and spacing of the holes.

(4) Check finished slopes in the blasting area for

fractures due to over blasting.

(5) Check size of blasted rock.

(6) Check on need of changing blasting pattern.

(7) Check that requirements for monitoring blasts are

being carried out.

2H-07. PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION

a. Fill - Fill depressions with soil material which is to

be placed immediately above the foundation.

b. Loosen Soil Foundation - Check that the area is

scarified, plowed or harrowed.

c. Cleanup - Check soil foundation is compacted after

removal of roots or other debris turned up in the process of

loosening.

d. Rock Foundation Preparation

(1) Check that all loose material is removed.

(2) Checks of area to be in contact with impervious

materials.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-4

(a) Rock Surface - Thoroughly cleaned by washing and

brooming.

(b) Cracks, joints and crevices cleaned out using air

and/or air—water jets.

(c) Cleaned joints and cracks completely filled with

portland cement mortar.

(d) Depressions or cavities satisfactorily filled with

specified material and compacted. Cavities that cannot be

satisfactorily filled with earth shall be filled with lean

concrete according to specifications.

(e) No mortar of lean concrete applied or left on smooth

rock surfaces.

(f) Remove all overhanging rock sections existing on the

rock foundation excavated slope.

(g) Tie fill concrete to excavated rock face with anchors

if and as required by specifications.

(h) Remove abrupt vertical changes in foundation slope as

specified to preclude excessive differential settlement or

stress concentrations.

2H-08. PLACEMENT

a. Rolled Fill

(1) General

(a) Check embankment foundation prior to placement of fill

and bonding of foundation material and fill.

(b) Check during placement that the embankment is free

from lenses, pockets, streaks, and layers of material differing

substantially in texture or gradation from surrounding material.

(c) Check that fill is not placed on frozen material, snow

or ice, and that frozen earth is not placed in the embankment.

(d) Check grade of temporary construction slopes.

(e) Check types of materials:

1. Keep at same level unless otherwise specified.

2. Check mixing of materials.

(f) Check layer thickness and compaction of hand placed

material.

(g) Check layer thickness and compaction of machine-dumped

material and machine compaction.

(h) Check surface drainage of completed portions.

(2) Controlling Factors

(a) Check loose or compacted thickness of layers

specified.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-5

(b) Check material, being placed, for gradation at

specific location.

(c) Check moisture content specified “after compaction”.

(d) Check rate of placement.

(e) Check removal of oversize boulders.

(f) Check scarifying or wetting layers per specifications

exclusive of the rock fill.

(g) Compaction by rolling Equipment - Check as follows:

1. Type of roller.

2. Number of passes.

3. Number of rows when tamping rollers used in

tandem. Note limitation on tandem rollers in true alignment.

4. Overlap of each pass.

5. Method used when compaction by roller impossible.

b. Hydraulic Fill for Dams

(1) General

(a) Check for segregation during placement.

(b) Check gradation of materials.

(c) Check slopes of impervious central core and pervious

shells.

(d) Check rate of construction.

(2) Controlling Factors

(a) Check gradation of the material being supplied for the

sluicing or pumping.

(b) Check the gradation of material in the core.

(c) Check material in the shell.

(d) Check core width.

(e) Check core is free of sand lenses.

(f) Check location of discharge lines.

(g) Check consolidation of core.

(h) Check depth of core pool.

2H-09. MOISTURE CONTROL-ROLLED FILLED SECTIONS

a. General

(1) Check moisture content of materials to be placed.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-6

(2) Check moisture content limits.

b. Impervious Sections

(1) Check for dryness.

(2) Check method of wetting:

(a) In borrow pit.

(b) On fill-Check uniform distribution.

(3) Check for too wet material in fill. Dry each layer.

(4) Check need for water meter.

(5) Check moisture content after compaction.

c. Random Sections - Check that same control is used as

for impervious material or pervious material.

d. Pervious Sections

(1) Check that water is added after material has been

spread on the embankment.

(2) Check method of wetting.

(3) Check that fines are not washed out when wetted.

e. Filter Drainage Layers — No moisture control required.

f. Rock Fill Sections-No moisture control required.

2H-10. COMPACTION

a. General

(1) Check compaction requirements for various soils prior

to start of work.

(2) Check testing.

(3) Check that compaction is obtained within moisture

content limits.

(4) Check to insure that the contractor*s compaction

effort is visually inspected at all times for the required

number of passes of the compaction equipment.

b. Soil Types as Related to Compaction

(1) Check specific types - Cohesionless, Cohesive and In

Between

(2) Check methods of compaction for various types.

c. Methods of Compaction - Compaction can be accomplished

by the following methods:

(1) Surface Rolling - Check that fills are built up in

thin layers.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-7

(2) Vibration - Check use for foundation work, utilizing

thin layers and cohesionless soils.

(3) Water

(a) Check this method carefully on other than controlled

hydraulic fill operation.

(b) Check for use in areas that cannot be reached by other

methods.

d. Types of Compacting Equipment

(1) Tamping Sheepsfoot Roller

(a) Check for weight per linear foot of drum, weighted and

empty.

(b) Check number of units.

(c) Check length and diameter of drums.

(d) Check length of projection of feet from drum.

(e) Check face area of feet.

(f) Check spacing and staggering of feet.

(g) Check device for cleaning feet.

(h) Check rolling units on multiple-type tamping rollers

for use on uneven ground surfaces and independent rotation.

(i) Check speed of rolling.

(2) Rubber-tired Roller

(a) Check load per wheel.

(b) Check number of wheels.

(c) Check tires for size and operating pressures.

(d) Check position of wheels.

(e) Check spacing of wheels.

(f) Check speed of rolling.

(3) Crawler-Type Tractor

(a) Check size and weight.

(b) Check for use on cohesionless soils.

(4) Electrical Vibrators

(a) Check vibrations per minute.

(b) Check area of contact.

(c) Check thickness of layers.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-8

(5) Air Tampers

(a) Check coverage by operator.

(b) Check for use in restricted areas.

(c) Check for thin lifts.

(6) Gasoline Driven Tamper

(a) Check for use in trenches.

(b) Check coverage by operator.

(c) Check for thin lifts.

(7) Grid Roller

(a) Check for use in highway work.

(b) Check contact pressures.

(8) segmented Roller

(a) Check for use on subbase and bases.

(b) Check size.

(9) Vibratory Roller

(a) Check weight and number of vibrations.

(b) Check for use on cohesionless soils.

(c) Check speed of rolling.

e. Moisture Density Relationship

(1) Check relationship between moisture content and dry

density under a given compactive effort.

(2) Check results of laboratory data and field compaction.

(a) Check by field test section.

(b) Check by regular fill operation at start of job.

2H-11. HYDRAULIC FILL FOR LEVEES

a. Hydraulic Placement - Check method against approved

plan of operations.

b. Outlets

(1) Check that waste water is conducted away from

embankment.

(2) Check frequency of outlets.

(3) Check that no obstruction is between end of discharge

pipe and outlet.

(4) Check for transverse retaining dike.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-9

(5) Check pollution of stream at waste water outlet.

c. Damage - Check discharge of waste water.

d. Rehandling of Hydraulic Material

(1) Check method, non-compacted or semi-compacted.

(2) Check dryness of material.

2H-12. DRESSING

a. Overbuilding of Embankment — Check that sufficient

material is placed to permit settlement and dressing to grade.

b. Final Grade — Check full section obtained, considering

tolerances.

c. Roughness of Surface — Check that surface is free of

depressions and has uniform grade.

2H-13. STONE PROTECTION

a. Material - Check stone against approval for quality and

size.

b. Placement

(1) Check base for compaction and grade.

(2) Check depth.

(3) Check gradation after placement.

(4) Check surface grades.

c. Gravel Surfacing

(1) Check for gradation, coverage and depth.

(2) Check for segregation.

2H-14. ZONING OF MATERIALS IN LEVEES

a. Homogeneous Material — Check use in section.

b. Nonhomogeneous Material

(1) Check use of impervious material.

(2) Check use of most pervious in landside berms.

(3) Check whether pervious or impervious to be used in

riverside berms.

(4) Check soil type of riverside impervious facing.

2H-15. GRADE TOLERANCE AND SHRINKAGE ALLOWANCE FOR LEVEES

a. Tolerances - Check permissible amount in final

dressing.

(1) Check grade of crown and side slopes.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2H-10

(2) Check no abrupt changes or depressions.

b. Shrinkage Allowance

(1) Check shrinkage allowance for that portion constructed

by the uncompacted fill method.

(2) Check shrinkage allowance for the portion constructed

by the semi-compacted fill method.

2H-16. SETTLEMENT MONITORING DEVICES FOR LEVEES AND EMBANKMENTS

a. Installation — Check type, arrangement and spacing of

these devices.

b. Records and Maintenance

(1) Check recording readings are taken.

(2) Require maintenance of devices during construction.

(3) Check payment provisions in event of failure.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2I

RELIEF WELL CONSTRUCTION

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2I-01 GENERAL 2I-1

a. Location

2I-02 EXPLORATORY DRILLING 2I-1

a. Method of Sampling

b. Sampling Equipment

c. Advancing the Boring

d. Samples

e. Records

f. Backfilling

2I-03 RELIEF WELL COMPONENTS 2I-2

a. Material

2I-04 RELIEF WELL CONSTRUCTION 2I-2

a. Drilling

2I-05 INSTALLATION OF RISER PIPE 2I-4

AND SCREEN

a. Assembly

b. Joints

c. Placement

2I-06 GRAVEL PACKING 2I-5

a. Gradation

b. Placement

2I-07 SURGING AND PUMPING 2I-5

OPERATION

a. Alternate surging and

Pumping Method

b. Simultaneous Surging

and Pumping Method

2I-08 BACKFILLING OPERATION 2I-5

a. Material Placement

2I-09 PUMPING TESTS 2I-6

a. Equipment

b. Records

c. Operation

2I-10 PIEZOMETERS 2I-6

a. Material

b. Installation
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

ii

2I-11 PROTECTION OF EXPOSED METAL 21-6

SURFACES
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2I-1

CHAPTER 2I

RELIEF WELL CONSTRUCTION

2I-01. GENERAL

This chapter covers exploratory drilling and the

construction of relief wells to relieve the subsurface

hydrostatic pressure and to control underground seepage created

by the presence of a pervious strata that lies close to the

ground surface.

a. Location

(1) Check location of wells in field against the contract

drawings. Tie—in location to local survey control.

(2) Check number and spacing of wells. Secure permission

from design engineers if number and spacing must be changed to

meet conditions.

2I-02. EXPLORATORY DRILLING

a. Method of Sampling

(1) Check procedures for dry sampling or undisturbed

sampling.

(2) Check depth at which sample is obtained.

(3) Check if required continuous sampling is maintained.

b. Sampling Equipment

(1) Check type and size of sampler against specification.

(2) Check use of core retainer in cohesive soils.

(3) Check use of flap valve in non-cohesive soils.

c. Advancing the Boring

(1) Check use of temporary casing.

(2) Check use of a drilling fluid as specified.

(3) Check use of wash water during boring.

(4) Check that boring is not advanced below planned or

sampled depth. Sample should be taken below casing bottom for

undisturbed sample.

(5) Check that washing is not done through the sampler.

(6) Check cleaning of bore hole prior to sampling.

d. Samples

(1) Check that all specimens of each type of soil in

sampler are retained.

(2) Check packing and labeling of each sample.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2I-2

e. Records

(1) Check that boring log is kept for each hole.

(2) Check that boring log record and label on sample

container agree.

f. Backfilling - Check hole is backfilled and compacted.

2I-03. RELIEF WELL COMPONENTS

a. Material

(1) General

(a) Check length of well screen, length of riser pipe, the

well discharge elevation and the gradation of the gravel filters

against schedule.

(b) Check varying the depth of the well to permit use of

predetermine lengths of screen and riser pipe without field

cutting.

(2) Well Screen

(a) PV Well Screen

1. Check type, dimensions and schedule.

2. Check screen for lengths of slotted pipe,

dimensions of screen slots, blockage of slots, cracks, and

imperfections.

3. Check method of installations.

4. Check joints for:

a. Type and fit.

b. Obstructions.

c. Fastening procedure — screen, poprivets, and/or

glue.

d. Fastening with metal screws, spaced evenly.

(b) Metal Screens — Check the Following:

1. Screens constructed of correct metal.

2. Metal of correct gauge.

3. Diameter of screen.

4. Screen openings for size, shape, pattern and

spacing.

5. Treatment for corrosion.

(c) Bottom Plug for Well Screens - Check bottom plug of

screen for same material as the screen.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2I-3

1. Check wooden plugs for preservative treatment,

diameter, thickness, fastening.

2. Metal Plugs - Check for standard commercial plugs.

(3) Riser Pipe - Check relief well riser pipe for type and

size.

(a) Wood Stave Pipe — Check that material and manufacture

are same as screen except for openings.

(b) Metal Pipe - Check material, gauge and protective

coating.

(4) Gravel Pack

(a) Check Type of material - washed gravel or crushed

stone.

(b) Check gradation.

(c) Check hardness.

(d) Check cleanliness.

(5) Outlet for Relief Well - Check material and method of

construction.

2I-04. RELIEF WELL CONSTRUCTION

a. Drilling

(1) Check method used for placement of screen, riser pipe

and gravel pack.

(2) Check that drilling does not cause excessive

displacement or reduce yield.

(3) Check diameter of hole.

(a) Check size of drill unit.

(b) Check for minimum thickness of gravel pack.

(4) Check that ample water supply is available.

(5) Check need for temporary casing.

(a) Use steel casing only.

(b) Prevent cavities outside of casing.

(c) Check diameter - Get minimum thickness of gravel pack.

(d) Check thickness of material.

1. Check distortion.

2. Remove if distorted.

(e) Check that casing extends to minimum depths.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2I-4

(6) Check type of drilling fluid.

(a) Remove fluid during surging.

(b) Do not permit use of drilling muds with bentonite.

(7) Note obstructions encountered on well log.

(a) Check depth of obstruction.

(b) Check whether partial well will be utilized or

abandoned.

(c) Check that abandoned well hole is backfilled.

(d) Check relocating replacement well adjacent to

abandoned well.

2I-05. INSTALLATION OF RISER PIPE AND SCREEN

a. Assembly

(1) Check condition and fastening of riser pipe and

screen.

(2) Check accurate placement of pipe and screen in

pervious strata.

(3) Check number and placing of spiders.

(4) Check that space is available for insertion of tremie

to bottom of hole.

b. Joints

(1) Check for approval and shop drawings covering method

of making joints.

(2) Check approved method of lowering pipe and screen.

(3) Check that joints do not open when lowering casing.

c. Placement

(1) Check gravel pack material is placed at the bottom of

well prior to placement of well screen and riser.

(2) Check that no damage to assembled riser pipe and

screen occurs during placing.

(3) Check plug at bottom of the well screen.

(4) Check elevation of top of riser pipe.

(5) Check construction of gravel pack after the screen and

riser pipe have been placed.

(6) Check each well for straightness and plumbness.

(7) Check clearance for installation of the pumping

equipment for testing the wells.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2I-5

2I-06. GRAVEL PACKING

a. Gradation - Check prior to placement.

(1) Check for segregation in stockpiles.

(2) Check gradation of filter material used in conjunction

with gravel pack material.

b. Placement

(1) Check bottom and top depth of the gravel pack.

(2) Check use of tremie.

(3) Check minimum segregation.

(4) Check elevation.

(5) Check elevation of tremie is above water surface.

2I-07. SURGING AND PUMPING OPERATION

Check that prior to surging and pumping the well screen is

cleaned. Check on proper care and disposal of drilling fluids

during drilling and well development.

a. Alternate Surging and Pumping Method

(1) Check that fines and drilling mud are removed.

(2) Check draw down.

(3) Check flow.

b. Simultaneous Surging and Pumping Method

(1) Check equipment.

(2) Check procedures.

(3) Check damage to screen and/or plug.

(4) Check addition of gravel pack material due to

settlement.

(5) Monitor for continuing excessive amount of fines.

Consider recommending possible abandonment because of excessive

fines.

2I-08. BACKFILLING OPERATIONS

a. Material Placement

(1) Check placing of sand layer on gravel pack.

(2) Check backfilling from sand layer to finished grade.

(3) Check concrete backfill.

(a) Do not resurge after concrete is placed.

(b) Use tremie for concrete placement under water.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2I-6

(4) Check removal of temporary casing.

(5) Check filling of all pits.

(6) Check disposal of surplus material.

2I-09. PUMPING TESTS

a. Equipment - Check that all necessary equipment is on

hand.

b. Records — Maintain prescribed records of test results.

c. Operation

(1) Check continuous pumping is maintained.

(2) Check that sand or other material collected in well is

removed.

(3) Check that no other pumping is done in vicinity until

full recovery in original well.

(4) Check final cleanup and backfill of excavated areas.

2I-10. PIEZOMETERS/WELLPOINTS

a. Material

(1) Check pipe for grade of material, nominal diameter,

type of coupling and preservative treatment.

(2) Check well point for grade, length and mesh screen

size.

(3) Check guard posts for size, length and type of cap.

b. Installation

(1) Check locations and elevations.

(2) Check method of drilling.

(3) Check need for guard posts.

(4) Check filling with water after installation.

(a) Check rate at which the water falls in the tube.

(b) Check that piezometer is in a pervious stratum in

hydraulic contact with the pumping zone.

(c) Check for clogged tubes - Remove and reinstall.

2I-11. PROTECTION OF EXPOSED METAL SURFACES

Check that exposed surfaces are galvanized or painted.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2J

DRILLING FOR SURFACE INVESTIGATIONS

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2J-01 GENERAL 2J-1

2J-02 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2J-1.

a. Type of Investigation

b. Equipment

c. Reports

d. Markers

2J-03 SURVEY CONTROL 2J-1

a. Location

2J-04 SAMPLES 2J-1

a. Type

b. Handling

2J-05 OPERATION 2J-2

a. General

b. Drilling and Sampling

c. Drilling Grout and

Drain Holes

d. Drilled Water Wells

e. Tests of Wells for

Yield and Drawdown
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2J-1

CHAPTER 2J

DRILLING FOR SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATIONS

2J-01. GENERAL

This chapter covers the investigation of the distribution,

type, and physical properties of subsurface materials. These

investigations pertain to foundations, borrow, and ground water.

Subsurface investigations are usually accomplished by

drilling, auger boring, or excavating test pits, trenches, or

shafts.

2J-02. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

a. Type of Investigation - Check purpose, depth, type of

materials, ground water conditions, underground utilities prior

to start.

b. Equipment

(1) Check that requirements to be used will serve intended

purpose.

(2) Study usages of various types of equipment.

c. Reports

(1) Check with supervisor as to reports required and data

to be submitted.

(2) Understand reasons for report data requirements.

d. Markers - Check for installation of permanent

exploration markers.

2J-03. SURVEY CONTROL

a. Location

(1) Check each exploration is located accurately by tie-in

to survey grids or established base lines.

(2) Check elevations are established from existing

vertical control.

(3) Check permissible variation of locations.

(a) Foundation Exploration - Minor only.

(b) Borrow Exploration - Reasonable.

2J-04. SAMPLES

a. Type

(1) Representative disturbed

(2) Undisturbed

(3) Bedrock.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2J-2

b. Handling

(1) Check sample to assure it is representative of the

material. Do not scalp over, undersize, or blend materials from

layers or lenses.

(2) Check that all samples are protected from jarring,

vibration, and exposure to heat or frost.

(a) Check method of packing.

(b) Check transportation.

(3) Check that each sample is identified.

(4) Check need for moisture content testing.

2J-05. OPERATION

a. General

(1) Check that written permission for right of entry has

been obtained from landowner, if appropriate.

(2) Check for authorization from installation commander.

(3) Check requirements for fencing, covering, or closure

of pits.

(4) Check backfilling and grading of excavation.

b. Drilling and Sampling

(1) Recheck purpose versus type of equipment.

(a) Record penetration resistance.

(b) Apply soils classification to soil samples.

(c) Check cleaning out of casing prior to undisturbed

sampling.

(d) Check use of drilling mud in lieu of casing.

(e) Check level table during drilling.

c. Drilling Grout and Drain Holes

(1) Check drill hole location plan.

(2) Check that peripheral grout holes are drilled and

grouted according to the specified grouting plan.

(3) Check that drain holes are not drilled until all

adjacent grout holes have been completed.

d. Drilled Water Wells

(1) Check for placement of casing pipe in overburden

portion of well.

(2) Check that pipe extends above ground surface.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2J-3

(3) Check for inner casing if required.

(4) Check for grouting between casings.

(5) Check for alignment and plumbness of casing and rock

hole.

(6) Check setting of well screen in well drilled only in

soil.

(7) Check that well is capped if permanent pump is not

installed.

e. Test of Wells for Yield and Drawdown

(1) Check depth of static water before pumping.

(2) Check volume pumped.

(3) Check depth after pumping.

(4) Check recovery rate.

(5) Monitor observation wells, if available, frequently.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2K

LOCK GATE ERECTION

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2K-01 GENERAL 2K-1

a. Control

b. Shop and Erection Drawings

c. Match Marks

2K-02 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS,

GENERAL 2K-1

a. Structural Members

b. Embedded Items

c. Appurtenant Items

d. Painting

e. Tests and Trials

2K-03 RIVETED CONSTRUCTION 2K-1

a. Temporary Erection

Connections

b. Riveted Joints

2K-04 WELDED CONSTRUCTION 2K-2

2K-05 MITER GATES 2K-2

2K-06 VERTICAL LIFT GATE 2K-3

2K-07 SECTOR GATE 2K-3

2K-08 TAINTER VALVE 2K-4

2K-09 GATE OPERATING MACHINERY 2K-4
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2K-1

CHAPTER 2K

LOCK GATE ERECTION

2K-01. GENERAL

a. Controls — Check controls are set up for checking gates

during fabrication and erection.

b. Shop and Erection Drawings

(1) Check markings of material for agreement with

drawings.

(2) Check delivery of equipment against erection sequence.

(3) Check drawings to make sure contractor has indicated

where, when, and how the various components will be erected.

(4) An erection procedure should be required.

c. Match Marks

(1) Check all components are match marked.

(2) Check during erection, that items assembled have the

same match marks aligned.

2K-02. INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS. GENERAL

a. Structural Members

(1) Check prior to erection, for damage such as warps,

bends, twists, etc.

(2) Check all machined surfaces are protected.

(3) Check all materials have been shop inspected and

passed necessary shop tests.

(4) Check all steel is match marked and erection marked.

(5) Check metal surfaces inaccessible after assembly have

been painted.

b. Embedded Items — Check anchor bolts, sill angles and

bearing plates, are aligned, properly located, and set at the

correct elevations.

c. Appurtenant Items - Check the installation and

adjustment of appurtenant parts of the gates such as seals,

quoins, and miter blocks and mitering devices.

d. Painting - See Chapter 9A.

a. Tests and Trials - Each complete machinery and

structural unit should be tested and operated as required by the

specifications to demonstrate that it meets the requirements of

the specifications in all respects.

2K-03. RIVETED CONSTRUCTION

a. Temporary Erection Connections
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2K-2

(1) Check surfaces bolted together have completed metal to

metal contact.

(2) Check sufficient erection bolts are used to hold

connecting members in specified alignment.

(3) Check sufficient number of drift pins are used to

obtain alignment of components without distortion of connection

holes.

b. Riveted Joints

(1) Check for loose rivets.

(2) Check for rivet heads not snugged up to metal.

(3) Check rivets for improper heating.

(4) Check rivets for proper length.

2K-04. WELDED CONSTRUCTION

See chapter 5B.

2K-05. MITER GATES

a. Check pintle base for accurate setting.

b. Check prior to start of gate assembly that pintle base,

pintle, and pintle bushing are thoroughly clean and lubricated.

c. Check alignment and grade of gate framework. Continuous

checking of this framework is recommended.

d. Check sleeve nuts of the top anchorage are correctly

centered.

e. Check top anchorage for assembly, cleanliness, and

lubrication.

f. Check installation of gudgeon pin for fit, cleanness

and lubrication.

g. Check gate diagonal prestressing operation after

complete welding and/or riveting of the gate leaf and assembly

of top anchorage.

h. Check gate leaf is cleared of all blocking and ties

upon completion of assembly, and operated through the limits of

travel. Check bottom girder for travel in a horizontal plane and

that miter end of leaf is plumb. Check center of gudgeon pin for

centering over center of pintle.

i. Check gate leaves in closed or mitered position for

setting of fixed quoin post. Check during grouting operation of

quoin post for any movement.

j. Check setting of the quoin and miter contact blocks for

alignment, contact, etc.

(1) Check that contractor follows closely his approved

plan during placement of zinc around these blocks.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2K-3

(2) Check preheating of the blocks and surrounding metal,

also the heating of the zinc.

(3) Check gate leaves during zincing operation for any

warping or tendency to move out of plumb.

(4) Check contact blocks several times during zincing

operation for maintenance of correct contact with mating blocks.

(5) Check anchor bolts, adjusting bolts, castings, etc.,

that are in contact or placed near zinc, for damage that might

occur during zincing operation.

(6) Check after completion of zincing operations and when

gate is cool, all bearing blocks, at both quoin and miter ends,

for correct contact between mating blocks.

2K-06. VERTICAL LIFT GATE

a. Check erection of gate frame or skeleton at least once

each day for alignment and grade. Check before start of riveting

and/or welding operation, for alignment and grade, and alignment

of girders, plates, etc., which take bearing loads and/or gate

seals.

b. Check lifting cables for equal stress under load after

erection of gate and connection to machinery.

c. Check ends of gate are at same elevation throughout

limits of gate travel.

d. Check gate for proper clearances with masonry, bearing

plates, and guides.

2K-07. SECTOR GATE

a. Check setting and grouting of the pintle.

b. Check pintle is clean and coated with lubricant before

bronze bearing and upper pintle casting are set.

c. Check framework frequently during gate assembly for

alignment, recheck gate for alignment, before any skin plating

is applied and before field welding is started.

d. Check after gate erection, installation of top

anchorage connection to embedded anchorage. Center of gudgeon

will be in vertical alignment with center of pintle.

e. Check installation of sill plate and side seal members

for assembly and clearances with gate.

f. Check that gate has clearances with masonry, bearing

plates, etc.

g. Check setting of trunnion assembly before grouting in

place. Check cleaning and lubrication of trunnion and trunnion

bearing surfaces at time of assembly.

h. Check framework frequently during gate assembly for

correct alignment, recheck gate for alignment before any skin

plating is applied and before any welding is started.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2K-4

i. Check setting of fixed side and bottom seal plates.

(1) Check centurion of gate when gate is opened and

closed.

(2) Check gate during travel for any unusual noise,

vibration, jerk, or bump.

(3) Check for clearances between gate and masonry or

embedded plates, beams, etc.

2K-08. TAINTER VALVE

a. Check setting of trunnion assembly before grouting in

place. Check cleaning and lubrication of trunnion and trunnion

bearing surface at time of assembly.

b. Check framework frequently during gate assembly for

alignment. Recheck gate for correct alignment before any skin

plating is applied and before any welding is started.

c. Check setting of fixed side and bottom seal plates

after assembly is completed.

(1) Check centurion of gate travels in a vertical plane

when gate is raised and lowered.

(2) Check gate during travel for any unusual noise,

vibration, jerk, or bump.

(3) Check for clearance between gate and masonry or

embedded plates, beams, etc.

2K-09. GATE OPERATING MACHINERY

a. Check embedded anchor bolts and leveling devices for

location, cleanness, and lubrication.

(1) Check that second pour concrete recesses are

thoroughly cleaned of old concrete forms, oil, grease, and all

debris.

(2) Check location and size of second pour concrete

recessed.

d. Check machinery installation.

c. Check cleaning and lubrication of machinery parts as

they are assembled.

d. Check assembly of machinery for position, alignment,

grade, and clearances between gears, pinions and shafts.

e. If applicable, check to insure that all hydraulic

valves and controls are in the proper operating positions.

Verify adequate flushing of hydraulic lines and insure that

filters are installed and checked.

f. Check operation of gate through several cycles of

travel. Before testing gate operating machinery, verify

protective devices.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2K-5

(1) Check machinery operation for any unusual noise,

vibration, binding, rubbing, etc.

(2) Check meshing of gears and pinions.

(3) Check motors, speed reducers or pumps and bearings for

any overheating or malfunction.

(4) If applicable, check hydraulic system for leaks.

g. Check that clearances of movable parts of the machine

are maintained with masonry.

h. If applicable, check brake operation.

i. Check grouting or concreting of machinery into

permanent position after checking and adjusting.

j. Check cleaning, lubricating and painting operations.

k. Check guards are in place.

l. Take care that during welding operations, machinery

(bearings, etc.) is not subject to stray currents.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2L

DAM GATE ERECTION

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2L-01 GENERAL 2L-1

2L-02 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS 2L-1

a. General

b. Tainter Gates

c. Broome Type Gates

d. Truck Type Gates

e. Sliding Gates (Stem

Operated)

2L-03 WELDING 2L-3

2L-04 GATE OPERATING MACHINERY 2L-3

a. Drum Hoists

b. Motorized Screw

Hoists

2L-05 FINAL INSPECTION 2L-3

a. Materials and Equipment

b. Operation
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2L-1

CHAPTER 2L

DAM GATE ERECTION

2L-01. GENERAL

This chapter covers the erection and installation of

tainter, broome, truck and sliding dam gates. It is to be noted

that in some instances gates are assembled or fabricated in the

field and then installed. In other cases, the gates arrive on

the job completely assembled, ready for installation in the

structure.

Gates assembled or fabricated in the field require a more

detailed, thorough inspection of a specialized nature. The

nature of the inspection necessary to accomplish a thorough job

borders on the shop-type of inspection rather than that with

which the construction inspector is normally acquainted. It is,

therefore, mandatory that during the erection of the gate more

frequent assistance from a mechanical inspector or engineer be

requested.

2L-02. INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

a. General

(1) Check all gates, gate materials and accessories at

delivery for damage and shortages.

(2) Check all approved shop drawings have been received

and are available for use.

(3) Check all bearings and finished metal surfaces are

protected.

(4) Check storage of materials. If adequate storage for

equipment is not called for in the contract, the QAR should

notify his immediate superior for necessary action.

(5) Check all embedded items prior to placement of

concrete for elevation, location, alignment and rigid

attachment.

(6) Check cleaning and protection from damage and

corrosion of all machined finished surfaces and seals

immediately after formwork removal.

(7) Check vertical guides, tracks, etc. for alignment and

plumb.

(8) Check after concrete placing operations all clearances

between moving and stationary items of the gates.

(9) Check seal clearances and contact area between seals.

(10) Check movement of gates through full length of lift

for binding.

b. Tainter Gates

(1) Check installation of trunnion anchorage assembly.

Particular attention should be to avoidance of welding in

vicinity of prestressing steel, assembly of anchorage end of
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2L-2

prestressing steel, calibration and approval of jacking

equipment, following approved abstentionist procedure, and

submission of gauge pressure and elongation records.

(2) Check parallel operation of gates with respect to side

seals.

(3) Check that both ends of gates rise together and at a

uniform rate.

(4) Check that hoisting cables are properly rigged and

fastened.

(5) Check sill seal and side seals for degree of

compression when gate is in closed position.

c. Broome Type Gates

(1) Insure angle of inclination for seal was properly set.

(2) Check removal of mortar, concrete, and dirt from seals

prior to placing gate in frame.

(3) Check seals for uniformity of contact.

(4) Check cleaning of all roller pads and surfaces of

rollers.

(5) Check rigging of cable for twist and twisting of

sheaves.

(6) Check record setting of all limit switches.

(7) Check cleaning of hoisting cables prior to

lubrication.

(8) Check that hoisting cable does not scuff against sides

of openings through floor slabs.

(9) Assure adequate lubrication (usually water) to prevent

damage to rubber seals.

d. Truck Type Gates

(1) Check wheel bearings for cleanliness and lubrication.

(2) Check gauge of truck wheels against guide track for

alignment.

(3) Check that gate hangs plumb.

(4) Check wheel adjustment such that proper seal contact

is maintained with gate in fully closed position.

(5) Check all running clearances between tracks and wheels

through full travel of gate.

e. Sliding Gates (Stem Operated)

(1) Check that gate is centrally located in guides prior

to setting anchor bolts, embedded items above gate for bearings,

guides, etc.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2L-3

(2) Check anchor bolt setting in operating room floor slab

by plumbing up of center of stem opening in gate.

(3) Check hoist stems for plumb.

(4) Check cleaning of internal nut threads in hoists and

threads on stem prior to assembling hoist into stem.

(5) Check that stem travel through hoist is parallel to

surface of stem nut.

(6) Check application of a protective coating to all

finished ferrous surface and lubrication of threads and

bearings.

2L-03. WELDING

Refer to Chapter 5B.

2L-04. GATE OPERATING MACHINERY

a. Drum Hoists

(1) Check lay of cable on drums for overlapping, jumping,

or scuffing when gates are raised or lowered.

(2) Check level of hoist assembly.

(3) Check that proper residual turns are adequate per shop

drawings with gate in closed position.

(4) Check ropes of hoists using ribbon wound multiple

hoist ropes for equal load distribution.

(5) Check gate indicator against actual gate position.

(6) Check alignment of all gearing for even bearing area

and correct contact area.

b. Motorized Screw Hoists

(1) Check location of center of hoist with center of point

of attachment of stem on gate.

(2) Check that hoist is plumb and level.

(3) Check cleanliness of all moving parts prior to

operation.

(4) Check for binding between keyway in stem and key in

torque plate.

(5) Check rotation of motor drive prior to operation and

before stem is in place.

(6) Set and check limit switch operation.

2L-05. FINAL INSPECTION

a. Material and Equipment

(1) Check that brakes, limit switches and safety devices

are functioning.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2L-4

(2) Check that all moving parts have been lubricated.

(3) Check that all seals are clean and adjusted.

(4) check that all temporary blocking supports have been

removed.

b. Operation

(1) Recheck clearances over entire travel of gates.

(2) Operate gate at first through short distance of

travel.

(3) Check for bindings, overloading of motors, uneven

travel of gates, and noise.

(4) Test gates through complete cycle of operation.

(5) Check gate and seals for water-tightness.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2M

PENSTOCKS, SURGE TANKS AND TUNNEL LINERS

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2M-01 GENERAL 2M-1

2M-02 APPROVALS 2M-1

2M-03 PRELIMINARY INSPECTION 2M-1

a. Damaged Material

b. Storage

2M—04 FITUP 2M-1

a. Prefabrication

2M-05 WELDING 2M-2

a. Preparation

b. Techniques and Practices

c. Examination of Welded Joints

2M-06 ERECTION 2M-3

a. General

b. Welded Penstock and

Tunnel Liner Sections

c. Surge Tanks

d. Cleanup

2M-07 ARTICULATING JOINTS 2M-5

2M-08 HYDROSTATIC TESTING OF

PENSTOCKS 2M-5

a. Preparation

b. Testing

2M-09 TESTING SURGE TANKS 2M-6
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2M-1

CHAPTER 2M

PENSTOCKS. SURGE TANKS AND TUNNEL LINERS

2M-01. GENERAL

This chapter covers the fabrication, erection, and testing

of penstocks, surge tanks, and tunnel liners. The full scope

would be monumental; therefore, the following items are intended

only to assist the QAR in the performance of his work. Contract

specifications will govern in all cases of conflict, and any

conflict will be reported to your supervisor.

2M-02. APPROVALS

a. Approval of materials to be incorporated into the

finished product must be made before the start of work.

(1) List approved and unapproved materials.

b. Contractor's plant layout and equipment must coincide

with approved plans.

2M-03. PRELIMINARY INSPECTION

a. Damaged Material

(1) Inspect materials on arrival at site.

(2) Reject damaged items.

b. Storage

(1) Check for orderly storage and accessibility.

(2) Check that material that can be damaged by weather is

stored above ground and under cover.

(3) Check that steel stored in steel yard is above ground

and blocked, with safe passageways for ready accessibility.

(4) Check storage of welding electrodes in a dry,

weathertight storage building, in sealed containers.

(5) Check storage of gas bottles.

(6) Check handling of materials. Damage, in handling, is

cause for rejection.

2M-04. FITUP

a. Prefabrication

(1) Check that plate edges are cut to design, within

allowable tolerances.

(2) Check that edges are straight, clean, end free of

scale.

(3) Check curved plates for even curvature.

(4) Check excessive welding when lugs, pad eyes, blank,

nuts, and strong backs are welded to plates or sections.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2M-2

(5) Check heat number on steel plates.

(6) Check placing of root opening spacers before tack

welds are made and removal before root pass is made.

(7) Check the circumference, diameter, and length of

section.

(8) Check that sheet clamps, or cable slings that bind

against plate edges when lifting plates or sections, are not

used.

(9) Check installation of spiders and/or internal bracing

in penstock sections and tunnel liner sections.

(a) Spider rods must be tight.

(b) Internal braces must he secure.

(10) Check operational procedures.

(11) Check for positive bearing on rotation rollers when

welding penstock sections.

(12) Check that penstock sections and tunnel—liner

sections are not lifted with other than approved cable slings or

devices.

2M-5. WELDING

Refer to Chapter 5B for additional check items.

a. Preparation

(1) Check that low-hydrogen electrodes are kept heated

between 250 F. to 300 F. after containers have been opened.

(2) Check that temporary welds are kept to a minimum.

(3) Check that arcing at ground clamp is given immediate

attention and correction.

b. Techniques and Practices

(1) Check that welders are familiar with welding sequence

and welding procedures.

(2) Check need for rejection for departure from specified

welding procedures and/or sequence. Disqualification of welder

may be necessary.

(3) Check weld shrinkage of butt joints and correction

made.

(4) Check tack welds. Require chipping or grinding flush,

and repair of excessive undercutting.

(5) Check for approved welding procedures and sequences of

welding. Check shrinkage of distortion in welds or metal

adjacent to weld.

(6) Check for protection from rain where welding is being

done in the open.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2M-3

(7) Check contamination of granular flux used with

submerged and arc—welding machine.

(8) Verify preheat and posthead (cooling) requirements.

c. Examination of Welded Joints

(1) Check excessive weld reinforcement.

(2) Check use of radiograph.

(3) Check wearing of exposure badges by x-ray operators

and assistants.

(4) Check that safe clear distances are set up and limits

enforced between x-ray machines in operation and other workmen.

(5) Check taking of test coupons at known defective points

in welding, or at suspected defective areas.

(6) Record all repairs made on welds as to unit seam

number, direction of seam and location of repair must he

examined by a radiograph.

2M-06. ERECTION

a. General

(1) Check accuracy of layout.

(a) Check all ring girders for spacing to coincide with

pedestal spacing.

(b) Check anchor bolts and base plates.

(c) Check ring girders and/or saddle locations while

fabrications is in progress.

(2) Check that blocking and cribbing are of hardwood;

wedges must be of hardwood or iron, flat tapered.

(3) Check wire rope slings, bridles or other gear used by

riggers for lifting penstock sections.

(4) Check load capacities of cranes and stiff leg

derricks.

(5) Check thickness, size, and welding of temporary pad

eyes.

(6) Check ventilation in tunnels and closed spaces where

welding and burning are being done. Check need for blowers and

exhaust fans.

b. Welded Penstock and Tunnel Liner Sections

(1) Check blocking and cribbing of penstock sections when

set in position in tunnel.

(a) Check fitting up to previously placed section or

embedded liner for starting.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2M-4

(b) Check grade line and concentricity before completion of

fitup and start of tack welding.

(c) Check root opening before welding starts.

(2) Check that spiders or internal bracing is not removed

until welding of adjacent seam is completed.

(3) Recheck line, grade and concentricity after welding is

completed. Check weld shrinkage.

(4) Check grade, line and stationing, before placing

concrete saddles or grouting base plates for ring girders.

(5) Check that spider or internal bracing is not removed

from open end of penstock until next section is set and fitup and

tack welding is dome.

(6) Check that butt ends of hacking bars are welded to

form a continuous circumferential strip where used on outside of

welded tunnel liners.

(7) Use above check items for surge tank risers and morning

glories.

c. Surge Tanks

(1) Check sole plate for correct diameter, centering, and

grade.

(2) Check each course for plumb and level. Check

thickness of spacers for root opening in horizontal seams.

(3) Check welding of vertical seams of each course before

welding the circumferential seam.

(4) Check all scaffold brackets, clips and planking. Do not

allow overloading of scaffolds with materials.

(5) Check use of wind screens whenever arc is exposed to

strong winds. Seams welded by arc exposed to strong winds must be

spot checked by radiograph.

(6) Check bottom cushion for firmness, grade, and level.

(7) Check layout and welding sequence of bottom plates.

(8) Check where warping has occurred for cracks in welds.

Use heat activated crayon such as “Templ Sticks to control

excessive heating of bottom plates.

d. Cleanup

(1) Check thorough cleaning of shell plates. Check that

temporary welds are removed by chipping and grinding smooth.

(2) Check repairs to tears in plates caused by breaking off

clips, pad eyes and such, as well as deep gouges.

(3) Check removal of excessive weld reinforcement.

(4) Check removal of stub ends of welding electrodes.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2M-5

(5) Check removal of all debris from inverts and bottoms.

2M-07. ARTICULATING JOINTS

a. Check proficiency of welders employed on fabrication of

joints.

(1) Check that welding of joints members is made on a level

floor with a securely fixed center.

(2) Check radius of member during welding process.

b. Check that radiographic examination is made prior to

placing the stainless cladding weld metal.

c. Reject joints made up to a poor fit.

d. Check cut and fit of packing.

(1) Stagger the cut ends of square braided packing.

(2) Use silicone grease on all working surfaces.

e. Check that joint tightening is done evenly around the

circumference of joint.

(1) Avoid excessive tightening.

(2) Check for a smooth even fit and for uniform depth of the

packing follower ring around the circumference.

(3) Do not damage back-off bolts.

f. Check that final tightening of joints is made when joint

is incorporated into penstock. Check that back—off bolts are free

and under no strain while tightening is in progress.

g. Check that joints are not tightened during hydrostatic

test of penstock when pressure is greater than 75% of maximum test

pressure and still rising. Check procedures for tightening joints

while under test.

2M-08. HYDROSTATIC TESTING OF PENSTOCKS

a. Preparation

(1) Bulkheads and manholes must be constructed as approved

with welded joints of the same quality workmanship as used

elsewhere.

(2) Temporary vents with suitable valves will be installed

at all high points in penstock and at top of risers. Air must not

be trapped at any high point inside pressure vessel being tested.

(3) Pressure relief valves will be set in accordance with

specifications and code practices. Allow for pressure differential

between gauge and relief valve.

(4) Test gauges must be calibrated and certified as to

calibration by manufacturer or testing laboratory. Gauges will be

installed at designated locations. Test gauges will not be used

prior to test.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2M-6

(5) Temporary communication system will be installed with

instruments readily available to all locations of critical

inspection.

(6) Force pumps or pressure pumps must have rated head

pressure equal to or greater than pressure to be encountered in

making hydrostatic test. Pumps must be in sound working order and

adequately powered.

b. Testing

(1) Test team must be thoroughly briefed on procedure to be

followed with full consideration to communications and safety

while testing is in progress.

(2) Air vents must be open while filling penstock. Do not

allow any air to be trapped in penstock or risers.

(3) Close all pitot lines and/or Gibson lines at valves

outside penstock.

(4) Examine all articulation joints for leaks while filling

penstock and take corrective action as previously outlined if

necessary.

(5) Tape and mark articulation joints before pressurizing

and check measurements while test is in progress. Record time,

movement and pressure when movement or changes are found.

(6) Test pressures will be increased by increments as

directed. Time for holding pressure, pressure drop and increasing

pressure will be as directed.

(7) Record all operations and happenings that occur while

test is in progress. Record time for all pressure changes, delays,

noises, and difficulties encountered. Keep a concise, accurate

account of all operations in sequence of events.

(8) Visual inspections will be made at intervals as

directed. Final inspection will be made after maximum pressure

holding time has been accomplished and designated pressure drop

made. All safety regulations set up for testing will be strictly

adhered to while hydrostatic test is in progress.

(9) Air vents valves are to be opened before draining of

penstock is started. Do not allow a vacuum to be created within

the penstock while draining.

2M-09. TESTING SURGE TANKS

a. Surge tanks can be tested directly after completion of

hydrostatic test of penstock while riser bulkhead is in place.

Valves on riser air vents from penstock must be closed.

b. Drains in surge tank foundation or weep holes must be

open to drain sand cushion under tank bottom.

c. Manhole covers must be securely bolted. Temporary manhole

covers with pipe headers and valves must fit manhole securely. Do

not allow permanent gaskets to be used on temporary manhole

covers.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2M-7

d. Method of filling surge tank and time for holding fill

will be as directed.

e. Measure water elevation from top of surge tank and record

water elevation at time tank is filled. Measure and record at

designated intervals and before tank is emptied.

f. Valve on fill line to surge tank must be locked in closed

position after tank is filled. Fill line should be broken at a

coupling in fill line.

g. Check foundation drains for leakage in surge tank bottom.

h. Record all time and events while test is in progress.

Report any leak immediately to your supervisor.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2N

REVETMENTS

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2N-01 GENERAL 2N-1

2N-02 MATERIALS 2N-1

a. Portland Cement

Concrete

b. Asphalt Concrete

c. Lumber

d. Stone

2N-03 INSTALLATION 2N-1

a. Plant

b. Construction

2N-04 TESTS 2N-2
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2N-1

CHAPTER 2N

REVETMENTS

2N-01. GENERAL

This chapter covers the construction and maintenance or

articulated concrete, asphalt, lumber mattresses and stone fill.

2N-02. MATERIALS

a. Portland Cement Concrete

(1) Check aggregate gradation.

(2) Check for approval of mix design.

(3) Check approval of additives.

(4) Check dowels and/or wire for size and type of

materials.

b. Asphalt Concrete

(1) Check gradation of aggregate.

(2) Check approval of mix design.

(3) Check reinforcement for type and size.

c. Lumber

(1) Check type and grade.

(2) Check size and quality when delivered.

d. Stone

(1) Check approval.

(2) Check size and quality when delivered.

2N-03. INSTALLATION

a. Plant

(1) Check that all plants are approved prior to use on

work.

(2) Check that all hauling cables are in good condition,

spacing of hauling connections provides equal strain and shackle

pins are not worn.

b. Construction

(1) Check preparation of base to lines and grades.

(2) Check excavation at toe of revetment.

(3) Check tie-in to existing bank.

(4) Articulated mattress
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2N-2

(a) Check size and condition of units.

(b) Check placement.

(5) Asphalt Mattress and/or Paving

(a) Check careful handling.

(b) Check any breaks.

(c) Check overlap.

(d) Check thickness.

(e) Check any joints.

(f) Check installation of weep holes.

(6) Lumber Mattress

(a) Check spacing of piles.

(b) Check penetration.

(c) Check placing of willow or other cover material.

(7) Stone

(a) Check placement for excessive voids.

(b) Check depth of cover.

2N-04. TESTS

Require all tests of materials prior to and after

fabrication. Witness tests and log results.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2O

DREDGING

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2O-21 GENERAL 2O-1

2O-02 REGULATIONS 2O-1

a. Corps of Engineers and

U.S. Coast Guard

2O-03 OPERATIONS 2O-1

a. Reports

b. Control

c. Dredge Location

d. Hydrographic Surveys

e. Material

f. Drilling and Blasting

g. Disposal

h. Cleanup
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2O-1

CHAPTER 2O

DREDGING

2O-01. GENERAL

This chapter covers hopper, bucket (dipper and clamshell).

hydraulic (pipeline) dredging, and rock drilling and blasting.

Any conflict between this guide and the contract plans and

specifications shall be reported to your supervisor.

2O-02. REGULATIONS

Corps of Engineers and U.S. Coast Guard

(1) Check special lights, day signals and passing of

floating plant.

(2) Require strict adherence.

(3) Report violations.

2O-03. OPERATIONS

a. Reports - Check with your supervisor as to type, number

and frequency of reports.

b. Control

(1) Check and verify location of both horizontal and

vertical control marks as well as tide gages where present.

(2) Indicate physical location of control points to

contractor.

(3) Require contractor to protect control points.

(4) Check and verify location of all underwater utilities.

(a) Require utility owner*s representative to be on board

while dredging in vicinity of utilities.

c. Dredge Location

(1) verify and document position at start of watch.

(2) Verify and document periodically the advance of

dredge.

(3) Verify an document location of dredge or drill boat at

each change of position.

d. Hydrographic Surveys

(1) Verify horizontal and vertical control each day.

(2) Insure that the surveyors calibrate both positioning

and depth sounding systems daily prior to surveying.

(3) Verify the performance of after dredging surveys.

(4) Compare after dredging surveys of design channel.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2O-2

(5) Inform contractor of shoal areas.

e. Material

(1) Check material removed.

(a) Does it differ from that specified.

(b) Report material suspected to be of different

characteristics.

(2) Misplaced Material

(a) Do not permit dumping by scows in dredge areas.

(b) Check for leaks in scows and pipelines.

(c) Check for breaks in disposal area.

(d) Check height of spillway in disposal area.

(e) Sample waste water passing over spillway for

percentage of solids.

(f) Locate and report by document misplaced material.

(3) Check size of boulders.

(4) Verify location and document all areas from which

dredge cannot remove material.

f. Drilling and Blasting

(1) Check operations of plant for conformance with

paragraphs 2O-03 (a-e).

(2) Verify quantity of explosives on hand at start of

watch.

(3) Check contractor compliance to State, County,

Municipal and Coast Guard regulations relative to use, storage

and transporting of explosives. Verify contractor blasting plan.

(4) Require strict adherence to safety regulations and

blasting plan.

g. Disposal

(1) Check the following for disposal in navigable waters:

(a) Disposal area should be clearly defined by visible and

controlled methods.

(b) Proposed disposal of materials should be in compliance

with the contract specification.

(c) Verify acquisition of disposal permit (when required).

(d) Prior to the disposal of material each deposition site

shall be verified and documented.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2O-3

(e) Inform contractor and higher authority when

noncompliance of contract is noted.

(2) Check the following for disposal in contained areas:

(a) Dredge runoff should be controlled in accordance with

the contract specifications.

(b) Periodically inspect dikes, bulkheads and spillways

for necessary maintenance.

(c) Verify on contract-furnished disposal areas that

permission to dispose material has been granted thin

documentation.

h. Cleanup

(1) Verify removal of all dredging buoys, moorings and

range markers.

(2) Survey contained areas for contract compliance to

final grading specifications.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

i

CHAPTER 2P

JETTY, BREAKWATER AND GROINS

INDEX

Para. Title Page

2P-01 GENERAL 2P-1

2P-02 REGULATIONS 2P-1

a. Corps of Engineers and

U.S. Coast Guard

2P-03 OPERATIONS 2P-1

a. Reports

b. Control

c. Materials

2P-04 CLEANUP 2P-2
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2P-1

CHAPTER 2P

JETTY. BREAKWATER AND GROINS

2P-01. GENERAL

This chapter covers the construction or maintenance

repairs of jetties, breakwaters and groins. Any conflicts

between this guide and the contract plans and specifications

shall be reported to your supervisor.

2P-02. REGULATIONS

a. Corps of Engineers and U.S. Coast Guard

(1) Check special lights, day signals and passing of

floating plant.

(2) Require strict adherence to plans and specifications.

(3) Report violations.

2P-03. OPERATIONS

a. Reports — Check with your supervisor as to type, number

and frequency of reports.

b. Controls

(1) Check location of horizontal control points, bench

marks, and tide gauges.

(2) Show physical location of control points to

contractor.

(3) Require contractor to protect control points.

(4) Check for utilities within area of construction.

(a) If shown on plan, require ranges to mark locations.

(b) If not shown on plans, notify your supervisor.

c. Materials

(1) Check that all required samples have been submitted

and approvals have been made prior to incorporation of material

in the work.

(2) Check test results.

(3) Removal all rejected material from site of

construction.

(4) Check the following for stone:

(a) Check that scales have been sealed and certified.

(b) Check for sworn weighter.

(c) Check that sufficient equipment is available to meet

approved progress scheduled.
EP 415-1-261

31 Mar 92

2P-2

(d) Check tonnage delivered by weight slips, bills of

lading of displacement.

(e) Check stone for size, shape and quality.

(f) Check daily tonnages placed and stockpiled.

(g) Check that stone is placed within limits.

1. Do not permit casting.

2. Check interlocking of stone.

3. Eliminate large voids.

(h) Check tonnage placed versus section completed.

Determined underruns and overruns at early stages.

(5) Check the following for steel:

(a) Has steel been inspected or are mill certificates

available?

(b) Check driving procedures, see Chapter 2G.

(c) Check that full bearing is obtained.

(d) Check and record cutoffs.

(e) Do not permit burning of holes for attachment of

walers.

(6) Check the following for timber and lumber:

(a) Check for compliance with grading rules.

(b) Check driving procedure, see Chapter 2G.

(c) Check that full bearing is obtained.

(d) Check and record original lengths and cutoffs.

(e) Check roofing of piles.

(f) Check preservative treatment of timer, cut surfaces

and cap covering.

d. Specifications. Require strict adherence to special and

technical provisions indicating specific techniques and

procedures advisable for the project.

2P-04. CLEANUP

a. Remove all debris.

b. Check removal of buoys, moorings and ranges.

c. Check grading.