Armed Forces 200

Sexual Harassment Su

Armed Forces 200

Sexual Harassment Su

February 25, 2004 February 25, 2004
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2 

Study Methodology

y Survey Design

− Survey designed to allow comparisons to 1995 su

− Topics covered include demographics, workplace 

related experiences in the military, and personnel practices; other topics were included on this surveleadership), but are reported separately

y Survey Administration

− Paper-and-pencil with Web option− Sample size: 60,415− Population consisted of all active-duty members o

Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard below the ran

general, with at least 6 months of active-duty serv

− Data collection December 2001-April 2002− Response rate 36%
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2002 Measures 

y Core measure consists of 19 items representing a sp

unprofessional, gender-related behaviors (including a included in measure) 

y SH measure has 12 behavioral items plus 1 labeling 

− 12 items that measure unprofessional, gender-related b

− And, one item that asks Service members, "Do you con

behaviors which YOU MARKED AS HAPPENING TO Yhave been sexual harassment?”

02WGR Q55, Q56

Unwanted Sexual Unwanted Sexual 

Attention

(4)

Crude/Offensive Crude/Offensive 

Behavior Behavior

(4)

Sexual Coercion

(4)

Sexual 

Harassment Harassment

(12)

Sexist Behavior Sexist Behavior

(4)

Sexual A

Sexual A

(2)

Any Incident Any Incident

(19)
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4 

31

8

2

23

5 

63

42

45

27

0

102030405060708090

100

Crude/Offensive Behavior Unwanted Sexual Attention 

Males - 1995 Males - 2002 Females - 1995 Fema

Components of Sexual Hara

Measure, by Year

y Reported experiences of Crude/Offensive Behavior and Unwanted S

for women and men between 1995 and 2002

02WGR Q55, Q5695SHS Q71, Q72

Percent Who Experienced Behavior in Past 12 Months
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Sexual Harassment Inciden

by Service and Year

y In 2002, nearly a quarter of women reported experiencing Sexual Ha

− For women, Air Force members reported experiences at lowest rate (18% v

y Reported incident rates declined between 1995 and 2002 for women 

− Largest improvement for Marine Corps women (57% vs. 27%)

8 8 9 9

7

5

46

53

42

33333

4

24

29 

0

102030405060708090

100

Total

DoD

Army Navy Marine

Corps

Air

Force

Coast

Guard

Total

DoD

Army Na

MALES

Males - 1995Males - 2002Females - 1995Females - 2002

Percent Who Experienced Behavior in Past 12 Months and Labeled Behavio

02WGR Q55, Q5695SHS Q71, Q72
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Percent of Members Reporting Sex

by Service and Year

y For women, Air Force members reported experiencing the lowest rat

Marine Corps members reported experiencing the highest rate (64%

− Largest percentage-point decline from 1995 to 2002 for Air Force women (5

15 16 14 15 15 14

63

67

62

17 18 18 17

14

18

50

53

56

0

102030405060708090

100

Total

DoD

Army Navy Marine

Corps

Air

Force

Coast

Guard

Total

DoD

Army Navy 

MALES

FE

02WGR Q5595SHS Q71

Males - 1995Males - 2002Females - 1995Females - 2002

Percent Who Experienced Behavior in Past 12 Months
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Percent of Members Repo

Sexual Assault, by Service a

• For women, the decrease in the Sexual Assault rate was significant a

greatest decline occurring for Army women (9% vs. 3%)

1 2

6

9

1 1 33

1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 0*

0

102030405060708090

100

Total

DoD

Army Navy Marine

Corps

Air Force Coast

Guard

Total

DoD

Army 

* Low precision and/or unweighted denominator size between 30 and 59.

MALES FE

02WGR Q5595SHS Q71

Percent Who Experienced Behavior in Past 12 Months
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8 

46

54

44

51

51

73

3

37

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 

During duty hours - 2002During duty hours - 1995

At work - 2002At work - 1995

At a military installation - 2002At a military installation - 1995

All of it Some of it 

Where and When Situation Occurre

by Year

y Fewer women reported in 2002 than in 1995 that all of the behaviors 

at a military installation, and at work

− Women in each of the Services were at least 20 percentage points less like

1995 that all the behaviors occurred on a military installation—this decline w

of the paygrades

y For women in 2002, junior enlisted members were the least likely, an

most likely, to report all their experiences occurred at work and durin

02WGR Q5995SHS Q74, Q75, Q76
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9 

14

7

4

10

46

58

11

43

55

40

54

60

50

25

15

54

34

52

32

47

68

80

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 

Sexual Assault

Sexual Harassment Only

Sexist Behavior Only

Sexual Assault

Sexual Harassment Only

Sexist Behavior Only

Sexual Assault

Sexual Harassment Only

Sexist Behavior Only

Sexual Assault

Sexual Harassment Only

Sexist Behavior Only

All of it Some of it No

Where and When Situation Occurre

by Type

y Situations involving sexual assault (in combination with other behavio

only involving sexist behavior or sexual harassment to occur on an induty hours

− And more likely to occur in local communities around installations

− There were too few cases of sexual assault to analyze separately from also 

Margins of error for Sexist Behavior/Sexual Harassment do not exceed ±3

02WGR Q59

At a military installationDuring duty hoursAt workIn local community

Margin of 
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New Measure of Percei

Gender-Related Discrimin

y Investigation into Army’s Aberdeen situation indicated 

discrimination was a pervasive issue

− DMDC developed measure of perceived racial/ethnic disc

workplace and included measure in 1996 Equal Opportun

− Dimensions included: Evaluations, Assignments, and Car

y Based on results from 1996 EOS, gender version of m

included in this survey

*Q54L and Q54M were combined into one item

Assignment Assignment

4 Items

Evaluation

4 Items

C

4 

Discrimination* Discrimination*

12 Items
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11 

11 12 12

17

8 9 9 12

9 11 

8

13

0

102030405060708090

100

Total DoD Army Navy Marine Corps 

Evaluation Assignment Career

Gender-Related Discrimina

Women, by Service

y Marine Corps women reported highest incident rate of Evaluation (17

reported lowest incident rate of Evaluation (8%)

y Air Force women reported lowest Assignment incident rate (5% vs. 9y Air Force (6%) and Navy (8%) women reported a lower rate of Caree

Services (11-13%)

Percent of Females Who Experienced Behavior in Past 12 M

Margin of error does not exceed ±2; Margin of error for Marin

02WGR Q54
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12 

5

6

5

3

2 2 2 2 2 

3 3 2 

0

102030405060708090

100

Total DoD Army Navy Marine Corps 

Evaluation Assignment Career

Gender-Related Discrimina

Men, by Service

y For men, rate of Evaluation was twice as high as Assignment and Cay Two percent of men reported experiencing Assignment and Career

Percent of Males Who Experienced Behavior in Past 12 Mo

02WGR Q54
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Effectiveness of Train

y At least 75% of women and men agreed their Service

training effectively conveyed the following:

− a good understanding of what words and actions are co

harassment (both 90%)

− behaviors that are offensive to others and should not be − sexual harassment reduces the cohesion and effectiven

whole (females 89%, males 90%)

− sexual harassment makes it difficult for Service member

(females 90%, males 91%)

− useful tools for dealing with sexual harassment (females − information about policies, procedures, and consequenc

(both 91%)

− it is safe to complain about unwanted, sex-related attent

83%)

02WGR Q82

Percent Who Had Training
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14 

67

75

65

75

65

74

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 

Immediate Supervisor - 1995Immediate Supervisor - 2002

Senior Installation Leadership - 1995Senior Installation Leadership - 2002

Senior Service Leadership - 1995Senior Service Leadership - 2002

Yes Don't Know 

1995 and 2002 Comparison

Please Give Your Opinion About Whether the Persons Below Make Honest a

To Stop Sexual Harassment, Regardless of What Is Said Off

02WGR Q7995SHS Q110

Leadership Efforts To S

Sexual Harassment, by 

y Between 1995 and 2002, there was an increase in the number of Se

that each of the three leadership levels was trying to stop sexual hara