FILED

March 31, 1999

Cecil Crowson, Jr.

Appellate C ourt Clerk

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE, 

AT JACKSON

_______________________________________________________

)

LOIS DIANNE WINBUSH, ) Chester County Chancery Court

) No. 7797

 Plaintiff/Appellant. )

)

VS. ) C.A. No. 02A01-9809-CH-00248

)

THOMAS DALE WINBUSH, )

)

 Defendant/Appellee. )

)

______________________________________________________________________________

From the Chancery Court of Chester County at Henderson.

Honorable Joe C. Morris, Chancellor 

Angela R. Scott, BISHOP, SCOTT & BISHOP, Henderson, Tennessee

Attorney for Plaintiff/Appellant.

David Hardee, HARDEE, MARTIN, JAYNES & IVY, P.A., Jackson, Tennessee

Attorney for Defendant/Appellee.

OPINION FILED:

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART AND REMANDED

FARMER, J.

CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S.: (Concurs)

LILLARD, J.: (Concurs)
Lois Dianne Winbush (Wife) and Thomas Dale Winbush (Husband) were divorced

in 1990. The parties entered into a marital dissolution agreement (MDA) which was incorporated

into the final decree. As pertinent to this appeal, the parties agreed that Husband would pay child

support in the amount of $200 per month for the parties’ one minor child. The MDA further

provided that 

[t]he amount to be paid by the Husband to the Wife for the support

and maintenance of the minor child of the parties is based upon the

Wife’s employment at Grinnell and the Husband’s present

employment as a Supervisor with the Markham Company. Also,

there is taken into consideration that the Wife is to be the owner of

the former home of the parties and entitled to possession thereof, and

the Husband’s present physical condition.

Wife was awarded the marital home but, in the event she remarried, decided to reside

elsewhere or sold the property, she agreed to pay Husband the sum of $10,000, representing his

equity in the property as of the date of the execution of the agreement. Subsequent to executing the

MDA, Wife executed a deed of trust to secure Husband for this indebtedness. 

In April 1998 Wife filed a petition for contempt and modification of the final decree

of divorce. Prior to filing the petition, Wife had attempted to refinance the loan on the residence but

was unable to do so because of the deed of trust held by Husband. According to Wife’s testimony,

Husband refused to release or subordinate the deed of trust. Husband testified that he was not aware

of the deed of trust until it was presented at trial. Wife identified the deed of trust at trial, but it was

not made an exhibit.

The petition sought to have Husband held in contempt for failure to make timely child

support payments and asked the trial court to modify the decree by increasing child support payments

to conform with the child support guidelines. Wife further requested that the court issue an order

directing Husband to immediately remove his lien on the former marital home. The trial court

denied the relief sought therein, and this appeal resulted.

The issues as presented by Wife on appeal are as follows:
I. The trial court erred in failing to adjust the child

support obligation of appellee.

II. The trial court erred in failing to order appellee to

release the deed of trust filed against property

awarded to appellant in original divorce action.

Addressing the second issue first, it appears to this court that, if Wife has a cause of

action for removal of the deed of trust, it would be the subject of an action separate and apart from

the present action, such as a bill to rescind or to quiet title. As stated, Wife executed the deed of trust

subsequent to the divorce, and she was not required to do so by the MDA or the divorce decree.

Inasmuch as the final divorce decree neither imposed a lien on the former marital home nor required

Wife to execute a deed of trust, we do not view the relief sought by Wife on this issue to be the

proper subject of a modification or enforcement action.

The burden of proof is upon the party seeking a modification of child support to show

such change as warrants a modification of the prior decree. Seal v. Seal, 802 S.W.2d 617, 620

(Tenn. App. 1990); Azbill v. Azbill, 661 S.W.2d 682 (Tenn. App. 1983). The only evidence

presented by Wife was elicited through cross-examination of Husband and established that his wage

is $12.50 per hour. The record does not contain the number of hours he works. Husband also

testified that he has a second job cutting grass which nets about $350. It was not established whether

this was a weekly, monthly, or yearly amount. Husband testified that he is making less now than he

was at the time of the divorce. However, Husband’s attorney stated in his opening statement that,

at the time of the divorce, Husband was making $725 per week and is now making under $600. He

did not specify whether these figures were net or gross. An admission made by an attorney

concerning factual statements is binding on the client. Garland v. Seaboard Coastline RR Co., 658

S.W.2d 528, 531 (Tenn. 1983); Pewitt v. Pewitt, 240 S.W.2d 521, 527 (Tenn. 1951); Pankow v.

Mitchell, 737 S.W.2d 293, 296 (Tenn. App. 1987). 

A divorce decree is res judicata. On application of a party, however, the court may

decree an increase or decrease of support only upon a showing of a substantial and material change

of circumstances. In cases involving child support, the court shall decree an increase or decrease

when there is found to be a significant variance, as defined by the child support guidelines, between
the guidelines and the amount of support currently ordered, unless the variance has resulted from a

previously court-ordered deviation from the guidelines and the circumstances which caused the

deviation have not changed. T.C.A. § 36-5-101(a)(1) (Supp. 1998). A “significant variance” is

fifteen percent (15%). See Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1240-2-4-.02(3) (as revised in Dec. 1994).

Husband relies upon T.C.A. § 36-5-101(h), which states:

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the

affirmation, ratification and incorporation in a decree of an agreement

between the parties as to support and maintenance of a party or as to

child support. In any such agreement, the parties must affirmatively

acknowledge that no action by the parties will be effective to reduce

child support after the due date of each payment, and that they

understand that court approval must be obtained before child support

can be reduced, unless such payments are automatically reduced or

terminated under the terms of the agreement.

T.C.A. § 36-5-101(h) (Supp. 1998) (emphasis added).

This court addressed this issue in Dwight v. Dwight, 936 S.W.2d 945 (Tenn. App.

1996). There the court noted that neither the parties’ marital dissolution agreement nor the final

decree used the language contained in the above section of the statute. In the case before us, neither

the MDA nor the final decree used the language contained in the statute. This court inDwight held

that 

the agreement does not effectively deviate from the Guidelines under

T.C.A. § 36-5-101(h). Therefore, deviation requires the trial court

make a written finding that the Guidelines would create an unjust or

inappropriate result. T.C.A. § 36-5-101(e)(1). No such finding was

made at the time the final decree of divorce was entered. Finally,

there is a rebuttable presumption in this state that the amount of

support established by the Guidelines is proper; there is no

requirement that the obligee spouse prove that the children’s needs

are equal to the amount provided for in the Guidelines. T.C.A. § 36-

5-101(e)(1).

Id. at 948. Again like Dwight, the final decree of divorce entered in this case made no such findings,

and it is apparent that Husband’s income at that time, regardless of whether the $725 per week was

net or gross, would constitute a deviation from the guidelines. Furthermore, assuming that his
present income of $600 is net, there still would be a significant variance between the amount

provided in the guidelines and the $200 per month child support ordered to be paid at the time of the

divorce.

We reverse the order of the trial court denying Wife’s petition to increase child

support and remand this case to the trial court to conduct an expedited hearing and modify the

parties’ final decree to comply with the guidelines, or to make a written explanation for its deviation.

The trial court’s judgment is otherwise affirmed. Costs of this appeal are taxed to Mr. Winbush, for

which execution may issue if necessary.

____________________________________

FARMER, J.

______________________________

CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S. (Concurs)

______________________________

LILLARD, J. (Concurs)