NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

10 583

Report on Phase I of

Project Implementation Order Entitled

UTILIZATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY

OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

to Agency for International Development

Bureau for Technical Assistance

Office of Science and Technology

Washington, D. C.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards

1

was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901 . Tod..\,

in addition to serving as the Nation’s central measurement laboratory, the Bureau is a principal

focal point in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical and

engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce. To this end

the Bureau conducts research and provides central national services in four broad program

areas. These are: (1) basic measurements and standards, (2) materials measurements and

standards, (3) technological measurements and standards, and (4) transfer of technology.

The Bureau comprises the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the

Institute for Applied Technology, the Center for Radiation Research, the Center for Computer

Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs.

THE INSTITUTE FOR B4SIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United

States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and

uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of an Office of Measurement Services and the following technical

divisions:Applied Mathematics—Electricity—Metrology—Mechanics—Heat—Atomic and Molecular Physics—Radio Physics -—Radio Engineering - —Time and Frequency -—Astrophysics -—Cryogenics.

THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized

materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; develops,

produces, and distributes standard reference materials; relates the physical and chemical properties of materials to their behavior and their interaction with their environments; and provides

advisory and research services to other Government agencies. The Institute consists of an Office of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry—Polymers—Metallurgy—Inorganic Materials—Physical Chemistry.

THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote

the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations in the development of technological

standards, and test methodologies; and provides advisory and research services for Federal, state, and local government agencies. The Institute consists of the following technical divisions and

offices: < Engineering Standards—Weights and Measures — Invention and Innovation — Vehicle

Systems Research—Product Evaluation—Building Research—Instrument Shops—Measurement Engineering—Electronic Technology—Technical Analysis.

THE CENTER FOR RADIATION RESEARCH engages in research, measurement, and application of radiation to the solution of Bureau mission problems and the problems of other agencies and institutions. The Center consists of the following divisions: Reactor Radiation—Linac Radiation—Nuclear Radiation—Applied Radiation. THE CENTER FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and

provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in the selection, acquisition,

and effective use of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus

for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques,

and computer languages. The Center consists of the following offices and divisions: Information Processing Standard*—Computer Information — Computer Services — Sys- tems Development—Information Processing Technology.

THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and

accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measure- ment System, and provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following

organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data—Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical

Information —Office of Technical Information and Publications—Library—Office of Public Information—Office of International Relations.

1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted ; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234.

2 Located at Boulder. Colorado 80302.

2 Located at 5285 Port Royal Road. Springfield. Virginia 22151.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT

1560370 May 4, 1971

NBS REPORT

10 583

Report on Phase I of

Project Implementation Order Entitled

UTILIZATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY

OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

by

E. L. Brady and H. Steffen Peiser

National Bureau of Standards

to Agency for International Development

Bureau for Technical Assistance

Office of Science and Technology

Washington, D. C.

IMPORTANT NOTICE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STA

for use within the Government. I and review. For this reason, the whole or in part, is not authorij Bureau of Standards, Washingtor

the Report has been specifically p

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015.

: accounting documents intended

ubjected to additional evaluation

listing of this Report, either in Office of the Director, National

the Government agency for which

lies for its own use.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
:
Table of Contents

Page

Summary Report on Phase I 1

Plans for Phase II (2-year Program) 2

Plans for Phase III (5-year Program) 6

Appendices

1. Industrialization Seminar 1971, Table of

Contents of Proceedings 7

2. Summary of Responses to Questionnaire 11

3. List of Seminar Participants 14

4. Review of NBS Technical Assistance Activities,

1955 - 1970, P. H. Kratz and H. L. Mason 24

5. Report on UNIDO/ECA Workshop by S. B. Newman,

abstract by H. L. Mason 47
* . — •
NBS No. 10583

NBS Report to AID on Phase I of

Project Implementation Order Entitled

UTILIZATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY

OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

by

E. L. Brady and H. Steffen Peiser

National Bureau of Standards

Standards, calibration, and measurement and testing services have

been important features of all developed countries and have accompanied

the industrialization process of a number of recently developed countries.

Such activities are critically needed by developing countries for, inter

alia, control of manufacturing processes, quality control of products,

encouragement of exports, and the transfer of technology from abroad.

The general case and the relevant history is well presented in

"Standardization" United Nations, Monograph 12 of UNIDO.

An NBS seminar organized with the collaboration of NAS, NAE, and

partially supported by AID, under the general theme "The Role of a National

Capability in Metrology and Standardization in Industrializing Economies"

was held at Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia on February 1-4, 1971. The

seminar aimed at determining high priority needs for metrology and standardiz

tion in developing countries, informing officials from such countries about

the capabilities and services available at NBS, eliciting their views about

the problems that face them, and obtaining guidance about the nature of

an NBS program designed to help solve those problems.

The seminar, which was attended by 13 representatives from developing

countries, 9 representatives of international and regional organizations

involved in technical assistance, and industry and government representatives from the United States for a total of 55 persons, was successful

in highlighting the problem areas and in defining the types of technical

assistance needed. As the table of contents of the Proceedings of the

seminar (see appendix 1) shows, most of the representatives from developing

countries and international organizations presented prepared papers in

which they discussed quite elaborately and candidly various problems

associated with their industrialization and standardization efforts.

They also participated vigorously in the discussions that followed each

of the eight sessions of the seminar. The representatives were unanimous

in their agreement that there is a high priority need for a properly

structured assistance program on metrology, standards, quality control,

product certification and training in LDC’s. They further confirmed
this opinion in their responses to a special questionnaire, details

of which are summarized in appendix 2 of this report. To facilitate

consideration of future involvement in international development, NBS

had prepared a review of its past activities in this field. This review

was called for under this AID contract and is therefore itself to be

regarded as a part of the present report (see appendix 4)

Evaluation of the results of Phase I - that is, the Industrialization

Seminar and the response to the NBS/AID questionnaire (see appendix 2) , indicates that there is need for multi-purpose assistance to LDC’s in

the areas of metrology and industrialization. Our conclusion, therefore,

is that we should proceed with planning for implementation of the remainder

of the program, i.e. Phase II and Phase III.

PLANS FOR PHASE II (2-YEAR PROGRAM)

Phase II will cover the NBS program of assistance to LDC’s during

the first two years of operation and will consist of the following

activities: selection of target countries; surveys of national standardization systems in up to four LDC's participating in the program; preparing

and providing on a trial basis a variety of audio-visual aids on standardization; procurement and distribution of standards literature; development

of individualized training programs; and support of close collaborative

working relationship between ANSI and COPANT.

Selection of Target Countries

Phase II will be a modest effort designed to test on a worldwide

basis the potential effectiveness of NBS collaboration in the industrialization programs of LDC’s. For best results, test programs initiated during

this phase should be confined to a few carefully selected areas of the

world in which an assessment of effectiveness can be made on the basis

of essentially experimental tasks. Therefore, three to four target

countries will be selected in which internal conditions seem especially

conducive to an effective program.

The selection of each of the target countries will be made according

to a few basic criteria which are necessary in order to ensure success

of the program:

(a) the target country must be one of the LDC’s currently on the

AID list.

(b) the target country must be willing to invest some of its own

resources, financial and other, in the effort.

(c) there must be reasonable expectation of internal stability in

the target country.

2
Surveys of National Standardization Systems

Although LDC’s may differ significantly from each other in their

individual aspirations with respect to industrial development, many of

the problems they face in establishing an effective infrastructure

of measurement technology and standardization for production and quality

control are similar. As a result, standardization experts in most of

these countries are keen to share their experiences and learn from each

other. Accordingly, under sponsorship of AID, NBS proposes to use the

following trial mechanism to conduct three or four surveys in a number

of LDC's:

1. Three to four LDC’s participating in the program will be invited

to offer their own standardization system to be freely studied in situ

for two weeks by a team consisting of an NBS designated team leader, one

member from each of the other participating countries, (optionally) one

representative of UNIDO, one from ANSI or NAE, and one additional NBS

staff member.

2. Each participating country will make available one English-speaking expert to attend a two-week standardization workshop, probably held

in the United States prior to the conduct of the surveys. The expert

will next visit as a member of the team and at suitable intervals, up

to three other LDC’s in which he will make his experience and views

constructively and openly available both in discussion and in the

preparation of a report to AID and the host country. Publication of the

report in whole or in part will be at the discretion of the host country.

3. Four distinct aspects should be stressed in the workshops and

later identified in the survey.

a. Maintenance of national standards of measurement compatible

with SI.

b. Field surveillance of weights and measures in the market

place.

c. Procedures for the development of standards, including

standards of safety, consumer protection, building codes, etc.

d. Inspection and quality control of production (sampling,

tolerances, control charts).

4. Cost of international travel of NBS and LDC participants in team

visits will be borne by the AID PASA with NBS, hereafter designated as NBS/AID; salaries will be paid by the employer country but the host

country will pay local transportation, accommodation and subsistence of

3
the team plus reasonable interpreter expense, if needed, and some

secretarial facilities. In addition, NBS/AID will pay a per diem

allowance of $5 per team member, for incidental expenses.

Audio-Visual Aids for Dissemination of Instructional Materials

NBS currently has significant contacts with about 20 LDC’s.

The number is growing and NBS is unable to respond to all requests for

assistance in measurement science, weights and measures activities, and

standardization problems.

Even if all of the numerous, relevant financial and legal problems

associated with such activities were solved, NBS would still be unable

either to muster the manpower to train technicians in all fields from

all these countries, or to send experts in the many specialized subjects

to tour all countries concerned.

As an alternative, therefore, NBS will begin immediately to develop

films, audio-visual aids, lecture notes, and demonstration kits which

could accompany one or two staff members to selected regional centers

where workshops might be held. The first such workshop may be organized

before the end of calendar year 1971, possibly in Morocco. It is hoped

that by then NBS will have one or two sample films, demonstration materials,

etc. to try out. The assemblage of effective teaching material, however,

is a major task which will require a great deal of effort throughout

Phase III of the NBS/AID program (see below) . At that time it is hoped

to prepare some of the audio-visual aids and films under subcontract.

During Phase II, NBS intends to draw heavily on currently available

materials by:

(a) live filming some instruction courses prepared by the NBS

Office of Weights and Measures for U.S. states.

(b) using and adapting existing NBS films, presenting for example

established techniques for characterizing materials such as can be made the basis of test procedures.

(c) using tapes from NBS seminars, conferences, and workshops,

especially on calibration of instruments.

(d) recording of short lectures, given by exhibitors of

instruments, representatives of standards organizations, and

experienced industrial inspectors, importers, etc., to

explain their techniques in dealing with standardization problems.

(e) soliciting contributions from semi-developed countries and

UN organizations of material describing successes in development.

4
Development and Distribution of Standards Literature

NBS will develop and distribute to LDC’s basic information on scientific and industrial standards. This information is intended

to meet a broad range of LDC needs in metrology and standardization.

It will include: how industrializing economies can best organize

appropriate standards, calibration and testing activities in support

of manufacturing, trading, and governmental interests; product

specifications; areas of measurement and analysis techniques; quality

control; and laboratory organization. To increase accessibility to

basic standards literature by LDC’s, NBS plans to place such information

in a number of regional depositories around the world from which

industrializing countries might quickly obtain whatever materials

they may need.

Development and Distribution of Standard Reference Materials

During the NBS/AID Seminar, the view was expressed and strongly

supported in the summary session, that a modern system for calibration

of instruments and quality control of products could best be monitored

by the use of Standard Reference Materials. These materials could also

help in LDC’s for self-evaluation of measurement systems and manufacturing

controls. The NBS was requested and has accepted a leadership role in

the development and production of SRMs especially for the use by LDC’s.

Such materials would also be useful in laboratories in the United States

with comparable functions; no special charge to this AID contract is to

be made for this development work. However, the cost of the actual

production of SRM’s distributed through the AID missions in LDC’s

will be charged.

Development of Training Programs

Parallel to the development of standards information suitable for

use by the LDC’s, NBS will also develop appropriate programs for training

a few carefully selected and promising scientists and technologists from

abroad who are potential future leaders in standardization in their own

countries. Comparable programs will be conducted at NBS, or in appropriate

LDC’s, for selected Government leaders, financial planners, managers and

other top officials of industrializing countries that are concerned with

standardization development, policy, procedures, or management. The

length of training courses and seminars may very from two weeks to

several months and will cover a broad range of topics especially tailored

to meet the needs of LDC’s as analyzed under Phase I of the program

(Industrialization Seminar and questionnaire)

.

5
Support of Collaborative Working Relationship Between ANSI and COPANT

COPANT is the Latin American counterpart of ISO (International

Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical

Commission) in whose standardization activities the United States

participates through ANSI (the American National Standards Institute)

COPANT has not been very effective heretofore partly because of weak

participation in its activities by the United States. ANSI membership

in COPANT, therefore, apart from being in the interest of the U.S.

Government, will promote the objectives of the NBS/AID program in

standardization envisioned for the Latin American countries. ANSI

participation will be an essential feature of this program and any

action that is likely to enhance ANSI’s collaborative involvement

in COPANT activities will be strongly supported by NBS

PLANS FOR PHASE III (5-YEAR PROGRAM)

The character of the program to be developed and implemented under

Phase III will largely depend on the extent of success achieved and the

experience gained under the two-year trial-scale program (Phase II)

Essentially, Phase III, which will cover the next five years, will be

an extension to a world-wide basis of those elements of the program

initiated and carried out under Phase II that are judged successful or highly promising. More specifically, Phase III will probably involve:

(a) the organization of several additional team surveys of the

kind described under Phase II, country study teams to make

follow-up observations on specific country needs (i.e.,

legislative opportunities, organizational alternatives,

procedures to enhance industry participation, etc.).

(b) a number of regional workshops that might help accelerate

the establishment and operation of sound and effective

metrology and standardization systems in LDC’s. Almost

certainly there will be a pressing need to develop audiovisual material, taped lectures, films, demonstrations and

exhibits

(c) national and possibly international extension services for

small industrial units may be created in collaboration with

applied technological agencies of LDC’s, if determined to

be needed.

(d) continued and expanded training programs.

(e) short visits of experts (U.S. and third country) to

respond to special and justifiable requests.

(f ) continued distribution of standards literature (previously

unavailable )to well-organized centers in LDC's where good

communication with industry exists.

6
Appendix 1

NBS/AID Industrialization Seminar 1971

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF PROCEEDINGS

Session 1

Perspective

Chairmen: Jorge A. Sabato, Buenos Aires

Glenn E. Schweitzer, AID

Objectives of the Seminar - Joel Bernstein, AID

Expectations from the Seminar - Lewis M. Branscomb, NBS

Keynote Address - Jesse D. Perkinson, Pan American Union

NBS Programs to Provide Infrastructure Services for Science

and Technology in USA - Lawrence M. Kushner, NBS

Discussion

Session 2

The Sociological, Economic, and Managerial Environment

in Industrializing Countries

Chairmen: A. N. Ghosh, New Delhi

Edward U. Condon, Boulder, Colorado

Overview - The Anatomy of an Industrializing Economy

George Kalmanoff, World Bank

An Industrial Case Study from Latin America - Jorge A. Sabato,

Buenos Aires

Labour-Saving vs. Capital- Saving Industrial Technology for

the Developing Countries - Joseph E. Stepanek, UNIDO

The Role of Technology in Politics and Economics - Geraldo N. S. Maia,

Rio de Janeiro

Discussion

Session 3

Making Scientific and Technological Measurement Meaningful

Chairmen: Phi Minh Tam, Saigon

Lawrence M. Kushner, NBS

Overview - The Economic Role of Metrology Capabilities

Edward U. Condon, Boulder, Colorado

7
Needs for Measurement Controls in Developing Industrialization - Jerry L. Hayes, USN

Problems in Establishing Accurate Measurements in Industrializing

Economies - Harry Z. Tabor and Leonard R. Farkas , Jerusalem

Instrument Problems in a Developing Economy - Procurement,

Calibration, Maintenance - Luiz Cintra do Prado, Sao Paulo

Needs for Standard Reference Materials for Calibration and

Control - J. Paul Cali, NBS

Discussion

Session 4

The Dissemination of Information

Chairmen: Geraldo N. S. Maia, Rio de Janeiro

Ismael Escobar, Interamerican Bank

Overview - The Role of Federal Information Activities - Melvin S. Day, NASA

Government Responsibility for Information for Industry - Alfredo Fontes, Pan American Union

Publications; Documentation Indexes - William T. Knox, NTIS

Industrial Extension and Productivity Services - Phi Minh Tam

and Niels C. Beck, Saigon

Standardization in Africa: Problems and Programs - Zawdu Felleke,

Addis Ababa

Discussion

Session 5

Promoting More Effective Use of Science and Technology

Chairmen: Rene Schmied, UNIDO

William T. Cavanaugh, ASTM

Overview - The Role of NBS Capabilities - F. Karl Willenbrock, NBS

Applying the Computer - James P. Nigro, NBS

Technology Transfer - Licensing, Subcontracting, Multinational

Firms - E. Lartey, Accra

Operations Analysis and Systems Engineering - Simon E. Russek,

Hughes Aircraft Company

Product Development and Market Research - Seymour Marshak,

Ford Motor Company

Discussion

8
Session 6

Additional Case Histories

Chairmen: Mahmoud Salama, Cairo

Newman A. Hall, NAE

The Effect of Local Government Policies on Technology Transfer - Glenn E. Pratt, Monsanto Company

The Sale of Instrument Manufacturing Technology - Pradeep K. Rohatgi,

Bethlehem Steel Company

The Iranian Institute of Standards - Harold K. Work, Fairfax, Virginia

The Application of Non-Destructive Testing - H. Steffen Peiser, NBS

Design and Development Through Metrology (Abstract) - Prem Prakash,

New Delhi

Discussion

Session 7 Promoting Economic Strength and Commercial Equity

Chairmen: Inyong Ham, Korea and Pennsylvania State University

Henry A. Arnold, AID

Overview - The Spread of Standardization - Frank L. LaQue, ISO

Overview - Standardization in Industrializing Economies -

A. N. Ghosh, New Delhi

Weights and Measures - Laws, Inspections, Enforcements - Mahmoud Salama, Cairo

Engineering Specifications - Raymond B. Smith, ASTM

The Colombian Government Faces the Problem of Quality Control - Hernando Fernandez F. , Bogota

Quality Control and Product Certification in Peru - Susana Le Roux C.,

Lima

Discussion

Session 8

Guidance for NBS Technological Assistance Effort

Part A - Chairmen: Zawdu Felleke, Addis Ababa

Allen V. Astin, NBS

Planning Technological Systems - W. Edward Cushen, NBS

Using National Measurement Standards - Robert D. Huntoon, NBS

Discussion

Part B - Chairmen: Harry Z„ Tabor, Jerusalem

Frank L. LaQue, ISO

Preparing Product Specifications - Newman A. Hall, NAE

Disseminating Information - Edward L. Brady, NBS

Discussion

9
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF PROCEEDINGS

Appendices of Proceedings

Prologue Session

Chairman: Lewis M. Branscomb, NBS

Address - Technology Transfer within Developing Areas - Edward S. Dennison, VITA

Discussion

Promotion of Education, Science and Technology by the Inter-American

Development Bank - Ismael Escobar, Inter-American Bank

Institutes for Engineering Education - Pradeep K. Rohatgi, Bethlehem

Steel Company

The Ethiopian Standards Institution - Zawdu Felleke, Addis Ababa

UNESCO Questionnaire on Metrology in South East Asia - Mervyn C. Probine,

DSIR, New Zealand

Standards Laboratories Assistance to Developing Industry - Lehaney,

DSIR, Australia

Participant List

Speakers’ Biodata

Responses of Participants to AID Questionnaire

10
Appendix 2

Summary of Responses to NBS/AID

Industrialization Questionnaire

To help NBS and AID evaluate the results of the Industrialization

Seminar and chart the course for Phases II and III of the program,

the delegates were requested to answer a few questions regarding the

nature of assistance in metrology and standardization they would like

to be considered for incorporation in the program. Below follows a description of the questions asked together with a summary of the

responses submitted by the delegates.

Question: Is there a major need for an NBS/AID program with the

less developed countries?

Answer : The answer to this question was unanimously and overwhelmingly

in the positive. The need, particularly in some countries, is so great

that everything possible should be done to help them. A few delegates

suggested that NBS work with UN technical agencies in extending its

assistance, while others stressed that the program include selling the

concept of metrology and standarization to high government officials and

financial and industrial leaders. One delegate recommended that NBS/AID

help establish a Standards Engineers Training Institute, if the one

currently under consideration by UNIDO/UNDP for establishment in India

fails to materialize.

Question: What type of program would you consider of high priority

for the country (or countries) of principal interest to

you such as :

(a) training technical specialists from the

developing countries

(b) indoctrinating managers, planners, and financial

people responsible for developing the standards

infrastructure

(c) assisting in surveys of potential benefits from

standards programs in developing countries

(d) responding to requests for follow-on technical

assistance, including possible participation in

adaptive or operational research to identify

and prove out locally suitable methods.

Answer : Generally the delegates attached greater and about equal

priority to items (a) and (d) above than to the other two items. A number

11
of delegates felt that item (b) was important, while only a few indicated

that there is any real need for item (c) . In response to item (a) one

delegate said that the training of initial trainees should be done largely

through the establishment of training institutes in developing countries

rather than through bringing of trainees to the United States; another

delegate felt that the same goal might be accomplished through strengthening the Instrument Repair and Calibration Centers set up in a number

of countries by making available to those Centers suitable equipment

and training the staff in procedures and the use of such equipment.

Key staff might be brought to NBS for special training. One delegate

emphasized the importance of providing "on the spot" help over an

extended period of time, while another recommended that NBS /AID be

ready to provide telephoned inquiries in specific technical problems, to

supply consultants for missions of 2- to 3-weeks' duration in connection

with project appraisal, design, and evaluation, and work with UN

technical agencies, to assemble experts for missions of 1 month to

2 years, and for arranging for seminars and obtaining qualified speakers.

A number of delegates stressed the need for NBS/AID assistance

in providing plans for suitable housing (adequate temperature and

humidity control, vibration-free mountings, dust-free atmosphere, good

electrical supply, etc.) and other physical requirements (libraries,

testing facilities, district control laboratories, etc.) related to

metrology and standardization.

With regard to item (b) one delegate suggested that as far as possible people who are "next in line for the top job" be selected,

provided they meet the requirements of ability and personality. Such

training must be conducted at a fairly simple level and encompass the

areas of management, communication, organization, planning, financial

control, etc. It is better to train people to manage their own affairs

than to do the job for them. One delegate felt that item (c) would

be beneficial provided the work was done by people who redlly understand

the country in which the survey is being conducted.

Finally, in connection with item (d) one delegate noted that the

exchange of persons should not be limited to trainees but must also

include experts.

Question: What kinds of persons should be involved in training,

exchange, demonstration or working visits to NBS - scientists, technologists, technicians, entrepreneurs,

business men, economists, government leaders, or financiers?

Answer : The delegates’ response to this question is that, whereas

the need for experts in all the areas mentioned above is great in the LDC’s,

that need is exceptionally urgent for scientists, technologists, and

12
engineers. One delegate suggested the use of managers, planners, and

financial people exclusively, another the involvement of entrepreneurs,

businessmen, and technology educators, while still another recommended

that government leaders from developing countries be brought to the

United States for a short-term indoctrination in metrology and standardization.

The original responses are available for study.

13
• - 0 < •
Appendix 3

List of Participants

NBS/AID Seminar on Industrialization

VISITORS FROM ABROAD

Argentina

Sabato, Jorge A.

Atomic Energy Commission

George Newbury Street, 2875

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Brazil

Maia, Admiral Geraldo N. S.

Barata Ribeiro 193 APT 301

Rio de Janeiro, GB Brazil

Ethiopia

Felleke, Zawdu

Acting General Manager

Ethiopian Standards Institution

P. 0. Box 1769

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Ghana

Lartey, E.

Director

Institute of Standards and Industrial Research

Accra, Ghana

Guatemala

Bayer S., J. Joaquin

Instituto Centroamericano de Investigacion

y Technologia Industrial (ICAITI)

Apartado Postal 1552

Avenida La Reforma 4-47, Zona 10

Guatemala, Central America

India

Ghosh, A. N.

Indian Standards Institution

"Manak Bhavan", 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg

New Delhi-1, India

14
; :•

' :

.

- • " ft

-

' . -

.
India contd.

Rohatgi, Pradeep K.

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

Bethlehem Steel Corporation

Room 254 Building C, Homer Research Laboratories

Bethlehem Steel Company

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18016

Iran

Work, Harold K.

Formerly Adviser of Institute of Standards and

Industrial Research of Iran

9106 Courtley Court

Fairfax, Virginia 22030

Israel

Tabor, Harry Z.

Director

National Physical Laboratory

Hebrew University Campus

Jerusalem, Israel

Korea

Ham, Inyong

Formerly Adviser, Republic of Korea

Pennsylvania State University

Department of Industrial Engineering

201 Engineering Unit MD"

University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

League of Arab States

Salama, Mahmoud

Secretary General

Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology (ASMO)

11, Mohamed Marashly St. Zamalek

P. 0. Box 690 Cairo

United Arab Republic

New Zealand

Probine, Mervyn C.

Physics arid Engineering Laboratory

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research

Private Bag, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

15
Peru

Ing. Susana Le Roux C.

Instituto de Investigacion Tecnologica

Industrial y de Normas Tecnicas

Apartado 145

Republica De Chile 698

Lima, Peru

Vietnam

Tam, Phi Minh

Director

Vietnam Institute for Standardization

Republic of Vietnam

REPRESENTATIVES ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

ASMO

Salama, Mahmoud

Secretary General

Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology

11, Mohamed Marashly St. Zamalek

P. 0. Box 690 Cairo

United Arab Republic

Inter-American Bank

Escobar, Ismael

Inter-American Development Bank

Washington, D. C. 20577

ISO

LaQue, Frank L.

International Organization for Standardization

1430 Broadway

New York, New York 10017

c/o American National Standards Institute

OAS

Fontes, Alfredo

Department of Scientific Affairs

Organization of American States

Washington, D. C. 20006

16
OAS contd

.

Perkinson, Jesse D.

Director

Department of Scientific Affairs

Organization of American States

Washington, D. C. 20006

United Nations Economic Commissions for Africa

Felleke, Zawdu

Acting General Manager

Ethiopian Standards Institution

P. 0. Box 1769

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

United Nations Development Programme

Lovejoy, Derek

United Nations Development Programme

New York

UNIDO

Condon, Edward U.

761 Cascade Avenue

Boulder, Colorado 80302

Schmied, Rene

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

Felderhaus, Rathausplatz 2

A-1010 Vienna Austria

P. 0. Box 707

World Bank

Kalmanoff, George

Deputy Director

Industrial Projects Department

International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development

1818 H Street, N. W.

Washington, D. C. 20433

17
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Industry Representatives

Daneman, H. L.

Leeds & Northrup Company

Sumneytown Pike

North Wales, Pennsylvania 19454

French, James E.

Scientific Apparatus Makers Association

1140 Connecticut Avenue, N. W.

Washington, D. C. 20036

Fulling, Roger W.

Hughes Aircraft Company

1515 Wilson Boulevard, Seventh Floor

Arlington, Virginia 22209

Gray, Arthur I.

Honeywell Industrial Division

1100 Virginia Drive

Fort Washington, Pennsylvania 19034

Marshak, Seymour

Ford Motor Company

American Road

Dearborn, Michigan 48127

Pratt, Glenn E.

Monsanto Company

800 North Lindbergh

St. Louis, Missouri 63166

Riederer, J. R.

Hughes Aircraft Company

P. 0. Box 90515

Los Angeles, California 90009

Russek, Simon E.

Hughes Aircraft Company

P. 0. Box 90515

Los Angeles, California 90009

Shrieve, Edward 0.

Corning Glass Works

Corning, New York 14830

18
Industry Representatives contd.

Vannah, William E.

The Foxboro Company

Foxboro, Massachusetts 02035

Ween, Sidney

Ever Ready Thermometer Company, Inc.

New York, N. Y. 10012

« Woodington, Andrew J.

General Dynamics /Convair Aerospace Division

P. 0. Box 1128

San Diego, California 92112

Non-Government Organizations Representatives

Cavenaugh, William T.

American Society for Testing u Materials

1916 Race Street

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

Dennison, Edward S.

Volunteers for International Technical Assistance

Union College

Schenectady, New York 12308

Hall, Newman A.

National Academy of Engineering

National Academy of Science

2101 Constitution Avenue

Washington, D. C. 20037

Green, John C.

American Society for Testing & Materials

1916 Race Street

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

Hayes, Jerry L.

President

National Conference of Standards Laboratories

c/o NBS Administration Building

Washington, D. C. 20234

Smith, Raymond B

.

American Society for Testing & Materials

Director, Engineering Standards, Reynolds Metals Company

Reynolds Metals Building

Richmond, Virginia 23218

19
Non-Government Organizations Representatives contd.

Wooding ton, Andrew J.

American Society for Quality Control

161 W. Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203

United States Government Agencies Representatives

Anderson, Wendell

AID/W - Central Engineering

ENGR

Agency for International Development

Washington, D. C. 20520

Arnold, Henry A.

Agency for International Development

Office of Science and Technology

Department of State, Room 2849

Washington, D. C. 20523

Astin, Allen V.

Director Emeritus

National Bureau of Standards

5008 Battery Lane

Bethesda, Maryland 20014

Bernstein, Joel

AID

Department of State

Washington, D. C. 20520

Birch, John A.

Office of the Assistant Secretary for

Science and Technology

Department of Commerce

14th & Constitution Avenue, N. W. Room 3867

Washington, D. C. 20230

Brady, Edward L.

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Branscomb, Lewis M.

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Bullman, Fritzi M.

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

20
United States Government Agencies Representatives contd.

Cali, J. Paul

National Bureau of Standards

Office of Standard Reference Materials

Washington, D. C. 20234

Cushen, W. E.

National Bureau of Standards

A-166 Technology Building

Washington, D. C. 20234

Day, Melvin S.

NASA

Code K, 400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.

Washington, D. C. 20540

Hayes, Jerry L.

Technical Director

U.S. Navy Metrology Engineering Center

P. 0. Box 2505

Pomona, California 91766

Hiebert, Gordon

National Science Foundation

1800 G Street, N. W.

Washington, D. C. 20550

Huntoon, Robert D.

Consultant, National Bureau of Standards

13904 Blair Stone Lane

Silver Spring, Maryland 20906

Knox, William T.

National Technical Information Service

U. S. Department of Commerce

Washington, D. C. 20230

Kushner , Lawrence M.

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Mahaffey, Charles T.

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

21
United States Government Agencies Representatives contd.

Mansfield, J. Kenneth

Department of State

SCI 7825

Washington, D. C. 20520

Mason, Henry Lea

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Newman, Sanford B.

Office of the Associate Director for Programs

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Nichols, George C.

Technical Analysis Division

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Nigro, James P.

Center for Computer Sciences and Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Pasta, John R.

National Science Foundation

1800 G Street, N. W.

Washington, D. C. 20550

Peiser, H. Steffen

Office of International Relations

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Richmond, Addison E.

Department of State

SCI 7824A

Washington, D. C. 20520

Rowen, John W.

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Schubert, Christof N.

National Science Foundation

1800 G Street, N. W.

Washington, D. C. 20550

22
United States Government Agencies Representatives contd.

Schweitzer, Glenn E.

Agency for International Development

Department of State, Room 2849

Washington, D. C. 20523

Shriver, Glenn

National Bureau of Standards

Administration Building, Room A-600

Washington, D. C. 20234

Stabler, Thomas M.

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Willenbrock, F. Karl

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

Wilson, David M.

Agency for International Development

Department of State, Room 2252

Washington, D. C. 20523

23
'

-

*
Appendix 4

A

REVIEW

of

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

INTERNATIONAL

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES

1955-June 1970

P. H. Kratz and H. L. Mason

January 25, 1971

24

CONTENTS

Page

Abstract 26

I. Technical Assistance to Industrializing Nations in

Latin America 27

A. COPANT: Comision Panamericana de Normas Tecnicas 27

B. ICAITI: Instituto Centro Americano de Inves tigacion

y Technologia Industrial 22

C. Colombia 23

D. Costa Rica 24

E. Panama 24

F. Latin American Standards Seminars 24

G. Brazil 27

II. Technical Assistance to Industrializing Nations

in Africa, Asia, and Europe 28

A. Ethiopa 28

B. Greece 28

C. India 28

D. Iran 28

E. Israel 29

F. Jordan 29

G. Korea 29

H. Saudi Arabia 40

I. Taiwan 40

J. Thailand 41

K. Turkey 41

L. Philippines 42

III. Technical Assistance Training in U.S.A. 43

25
ABSTRACT

The National Bureau of Standards has been involved from time to time in

providing technical assistance to developing countries, mostly at the

request of the Department of State or the Agency for International

Development. These activities and events are here described in three

groups: (I) technical assistance to Latin American countries, (II)

technical assistance to other countries, and (III) technical assistance

in training at NBS. The Latin American countries were grouped separately

because a fairly well sustained program was executed, and because there

were regional overtones in connection with the Comision Panamericana de

Normas Tecnicas (COPANT)

Key Words: Africa; Agency for International Development; Asia; Department

of State; Europe; foreign guest workers; Latin America; technical

assistance

26
I. Technical Assistance to Industrializing Nations Latin America

A. COPANT (Pan American Standards Commission; Comision Pan Americana

de Normas Tecnicas)

1. Participation of L. L. Wyman, NBS, in COPANT meeting on Iron

and Steel Standards, and survey of national standards bodies and iron and

steel activities (9/20 - 11/24 1962). (1) Mr. Wyman visited ten of the

Latin American countries in connection with a meeting of COPANT held at

Lima, Peru, from November 7-10, 1962. He was a special delegate to this

meeting, which concerned itself with further organization of COPANT, and

with program emphasis on Latin American standards for iron and steel. In

these countries he made visits to the various standards and standardswriting bodies, as well as to industrial groups, technical societies and

universities with interests in such standards and in the production of iron

and steel. He gave much information on ASTM and ASA (ANSI) standards for

iron and steel materials and products.

The principal international bodies were: Instituto Centro

Americano de Inves tigacion y Tecnologia Industrial (ICAITI) , an independent

organization sponsored by the Organization of American States, assisted by

the United Nations, for the Central American free market group; Associacion

Latino Americano de Libre Comercio (ALALC) , a Latin American free market

activity; Instituto Latin Americano de Fierro y Acero (ILAFA) , the Latin

American organization of iron and steel producers.

He visited the following national standards bodies: Dereccion

General de Normas (DGN) , Mexico; Comicion Guatemala Normas (COGUANOR)

Comission Venezolana de Normas Industriales (COVENIN) ; Associcao Brasileiro

de Normas Tecnicas (ABNT) ; Instituto Urguayo de Normas Tecnicas (UNIT)

Instituto Argentina de Racionalizacion de Materiales (IRAM) ; Instituto

Nacional de Inves tigaciones Tecnologicas y Normalizacion (INDETECNOR)

,

Chile; Instituto Nacional de Normas Tecnicas Industriales y Certif icacion

(INANTIC), Peru.

2. Participation by L. L. Wyman, NBS, in COPANT activities on iron and steel standards, and surveys of national standards bodies and

associated organizations (5/12 - 6/15/63). (2) Mr. Wyman particpated in

the planning for the first of a series of three iron and steel standardswriting seminars to be held in Santiago, Chile, during 1963 under COPANT

OAS-ILAFA sponsorship, as well as visits to most of the other Latin

American countries in the interests of promoting the formation of or enhancing the effectiveness of s tandards-writing bodies.

27
Standards activities were discussed in Argentina, Brazil, Peru,

and Uruguay, and assistance given in planning for the formation of national

standards bodies in Colombia, Ecuador, and Paraguay. Discussions were also

held with the U.S. AID missions in those countries.

In Ecuador the Committee on Science and Technology of the Society

of Engineers and Architects will be the focal point for the establishment of

a standards body. In Colombia an independent body called Instituto

Colombiano de Norman Tecnicas (ICONTEC) may become the dominant standards

body. In Paraguay there is the Comite Paraguayo de Normas Tecnicas (CPNT)

of the Centro Paraguayo de Ingenieros, which may serve as the focal point

for a standards body.

3. Visits by L. L. Wyman, NBS , to the standards bodies and groups

interested in standards promotion in ten Latin American countries and

participation in the COPANT Tubular Steel Products Standards-Writing Seminar

in Chile (9/14 - 21/27/63). (3) Mr. Wyman participated in this seminar

as an official delegate of the American Standards Association (now ANSI)

in the COPANT-sponsored seminar on Tubular Steel Products at Santiago,

Chile, November 4-23, 1963. He discussed standards activities in Argentina,

Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. He visited Bolivia, Colombia,

Ecuador, and Paraguay to assist in the formation of national standards

bodies. Part of the accomplishments of the COPANT seminar was the development of nine standards relating to tubular steel products.

This report mentions the efforts of the U.S. Department of

Commerce and the National Bureau of Standards in contracting for the

translation of certain standards into Spanish, and eventually, into

Portuguese. Most of the standards so far translated related to Department

of Labor safety standards, but some materials standards have also been

translated, among them iron and steel standards, and standards necessary

for water works facilities.

4. Visits by L. L. Wyman, NBS, to the newly established Colombian

Standards body and to the annual meeting of the Latin American Iron and

Steel Institute (4/25 - 7/25/64) (4). By the time of this visit, the

Instituto Colombiana de Normas Tecnicas (ICONTEC) had received its charter

and was in an active status. Responding to the advice of Mr. Wyman and

others, it had set up appropriate committees and subcommittees to deal

with areas of immediate urgency. Further advice was given for a standards

library and for staff training and staff visits to the United States.

This new group expressed a strong desire to be part of the oncoming Weights

and Measures Seminar then being planned by COPANT.

Mr. Wyman also took part in the annual meeting of the Latin

American Iron and Steel Institute held in Mexico City July 17-25, 1964.

28
The main theme for this meeting was planning for the development of the

iron and steel industry through 1970.

5.

Participation of L. L. Wyman, NBS , in the second seminar on

standards for steel pipes and tubes, sponsored by COPANT-OAS-ILAFA at

Santiago, Chile (9/26 - 10/17/64) (5). This was a continuation of the

1963 seminar on the same category of materials standards. Mr. Wyman was

again a U.S. delegate and responsible for presenting the viewpoints of the

USA National Committee for International Standardization of Steel and for

maintaining the interests of the U.S. in the formulation of COPANT standards.

Corrections were made to the steel classification proposal;

standards for preferred diameters and wall thicknesses were expanded.

Specifications in steel couplings and malleable couplings were written to

cover both ASA and ISO threads. Some 30-odd proposals for additional

standards were made, and plans were made for the next seminar on pipes and

tubes

.

6. Participation of L. L. Wyman, NBS, in the third standards -writing

seminar on steel pipes and tubes held at Santiago, Chile, November 1965

(11/5 - 12/3/65) (6). Nine of the draft recommendations from the 1963

seminar and 21 of the draft recommendations from the 1964 seminar were

reviewed, and 28 drafts were approved and made ready for COPANT circulation

for final vote. It was recommended that seminars should be held every

two years and that the seminar planned for 1967 be held in Montevideo.

Fourteen new subjects were recommended for preparation for that meeting.

It was further recommended that COPANT organize a seminar on malleable

cast iron and appropriate tests and standards for fittings.

7. Participation of L. L. Wyman, NBS, at the COPANT Annual Meeting

of the Council and the General Assembly, Lima, Peru (1/26 - 2/4/68)

(7)

. Considerable time was devoted to review of statutes, financial

considerations and establishment of a permanent headquarters for COPANT.

Eighteen standards were approved. Activities in the agriculture, steel

pipe and tube, iron ore, agricultural machinery, and copper "seminars"

were noted. The future needs of COPANT were set forth, and a new

standardization committee within the Inter -American Committee for the

Alliance for Progress (CIAP) was proposed, in order to respond to some of

the needs for COPANT and its programs.

8. Participation by J. R. Kanagy and J. Naghski, NBS, in an AID

sponsored survey of leather standards in Latin America (5/27 - 6/29/63)

(8)

. Messrs. Kanagy and Naghski visited Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay,

Chile, and Peru to investigate the status of standards used in the leather

industry. Conferences were held with those concerned with the development

of Pan American Standards (COPANT) and with the official s tandards-writing

bodies of each country. Fourteen leather factories were visited. At that

29
time none of these countries had official standards methods for leather,

but were familiar with British, German, and French standards. It was

recommended that the appropriate technical committees of COPANT meet within

the next year for this purpose and that ASTM standards should be translated

into Spanish and Portuguese and distributed. US AID support to Paraguay

to develop a strong leather industry was urged and expert technical advice

recommended for Argentina to help research in collagen.

9.

Participation by C. T. Mahaffey, NBS , in the COPANT Commission

for Materials for Construction and Modular Coordination held at Caracas,

Venezuela June 1965 (6/7 - 6/26/65) (9). Mr. Mahaffey was a U.S. delegate

to this meeting. Stemming from his involvement with ICONTEC , the Colombian

standards body, and the attempt to develop Colombian standards for Modular

Coordination, two needs were seen - a module common to all Latin American

countries to be established and officially recognized; definition of and

agreement on basic terminology used in Modular Coordination.

Ten centimeters was established as the basic COPANT module.

The final document approved agrees in principle with portions of the

current American Standard A62. Reasonable definitions were also agreed

upon. It was proposed that a Pan American construction information center

be established. NBS is specifically mentioned in this proposal.

10. Participation by H. F. Schiefer, NBS, in the development of Pan

American Standards for Textiles (5/17 - 6/30/62) (10). Mr. Schiefer

visited numerous countries to determine their interests and capabilities

in textile standards and approximately 200 standards written in Spanish were

obtained for study. He visited industrial groups, technical institutes

and industrial concerns in Mexico, Argentina, Guatemala, Colombia, Peru,

Chile, Uruguay, Brazil, Venezuela, and the standards bodies in those

countries, as well as the United Nations Office for Latin American development.

This work was in preparation for a planned program of textile standards

writing seminars under COPANT, the Pan American Standards body.

11. Participation by H. F. Schiefer, NBS, in the COPANT Council

Meeting of November 1962 and COPANT Technical Committee 6 for Textile

Standards (11/2 - 11/18/62) (11). Mr. Schiefer attended the COPANT meeting

as an official delegate from the U.S. The Council set up by-laws for the

functioning of the technical committees of COPANT and endorsed a uniform

law for Pan American standards. A textile seminar was planned for April

1963 in Lima since the Secretariat for Technical Committee 6 is held by

INANTIC, the national standards body for Peru. Further meetings were

planned for November 1963 in Peru, April - May 1964 in Rio de Janeiro and

September - October 1965 in New York City. Numerous draft recommendations

were assembled for future consideration by Technical Committee 6.

In discussion with the United Nations Textile Council for Central

America, special efforts were made to have the Central American countries

participate in COPANT textile standards activities.

30
12.

Participation by Miss J. M. Blandford, NBS , in the International

Seminar on Textile Products, a working meeting of COPANT Technical Committee

6 on Textiles in Lima, Peru (9/2 - 10/4/63) (12). Miss Blandford was a member of the U.S. delegation to this meeting. She visited Guatemala in

August 1963 to determine the textile activities of ICAITI (Instituto

Centro Americano de Investigacion y Tecnologia Industrial) which was

taking the leadership in the establishment of the Central American Textile

Association.

The International Seminar on Textile Products under the auspices

of the OAS was a working meeting of COPANT Technical Committee 6 on Textile

Standards. It was held in Lima, Peru, September 2 - October 5, 1963. Its

objective, the development of textile standards for Latin America, was

initiated in 1961 and advanced in 1962. The agenda comprised 21 Draft

Recommendations decided upon at the November 1962 meeting of Committee C6

.

Seventeen of the 21 recommendations were approved, one new recommendation

developed and approved. A program for the 1964 meeting of the Seminar on

Textile Products was planned and proposed, including 55 subjects for

recommendations

.

13.

Participation by Miss J. M. Blandford, NBS, in the Second

International Seminar on Textile Products, Lima, Peru (10/26 - 11/14/64)

(13). Miss Blandford was again a member of the U.S. delegation to the

Seminar. The seminar was sponsored by the OAS and was a working meeting

of the COPANT Technical Committee 6 on Textile Standards. The host was

the Instituto Nacional de Normas Tecnicas Industriales y Certif icacion

(INANTIC), the official standards organization of Peru, which provides the

secretariat for this committee. ICAITI (the Instituto Centroamericano de

Investigacion y Tecnologia Industrial) , had now been designated to represent

the Central American Textile Association. Twenty-four draft recommendations

were considered, of which 17 were approved, plus two which required some

redrafting. Plans for a meeting in 1965 were made and 38 subjects proposed,

but the meeting was never held because OAS and COPANT funds were not

available.

14.

Participation by Miss J. M. Blandford, NBS, in the Third OAS-COPANT

Seminar on the Standardization of Textile Products, held in Montevideo,

Uruguay (5/8 - 5/21/66 (14,33). Miss Blandford was one of the 11 official

U.S. delegates, all of whom were accredited by the ASA (the American National

Standards Institute) . The host was the Instituto Uruguayo de Normas Tecnicas

(UNIT). This meeting was the third textile standardization seminar of OAS

Project 207 within the Regional Standardization Program To Aid Economic

Integration. The program was initiated in 1961 and 1962, and seminars were

held in 1963 and 1964. The earlier seminars approved 32 COPANT Draft

Recommendations of which 17 were eventually approved by member countries,

thus becoming COPANT Standards. They cover Testing Procedures for Colorf as tness

,

Fibers and Yarns, Wool Fibers, Fabric Appearance, Dimensional Change, Wool

Solubility, Alpaca Types, Classification of Fibers, Yarn Irregularity,

31
Fabric Defects, Conditioning, The Tex System, and Moisture Gain. In 1966,

twenty other drafts were approved as COPANT Draft Recommendations, and 39

subjects were selected for consideration at the next meeting of C6. However,

neither country approvals nor detailed drafts were ever completed, because

of lack of funds.

15 . Cement

D. 0. Woolf, Bureau of Public Roads and Bruce Foster of NBS

participated (34) in the initial meeting of the COPANT Cement Committee

(7/17-8/7 1962). Representatives from Mexico, Uruguay, and Argentina

discussed standard test methods for portland cement and for concrete

aggregates. Except for strength determination, ASTM methods were generally

favored. The U. S. representatives were able to answer technical questions

on these requirements, and they later visited the Portland Cement Association

and the Argentina Standards Institute in Buenos Aires, the Standards

Institute in Santiago, Chile, and the Peruvian Technical Institute in Lima.

At the second meeting (7/28-8/12 1963) Brazil, Chile, Paraguay,

Peru and Venezuela were also represented. Three procedures for strength

determination - those of ASTM, ISO, and Brazil - were discussed, and all

three were incorporated as alternatives in the specification finally

adopted in 1970. In 1963, Mr. Foster also visited with cement industry

and university personnel in Sao Paulo, Montevideo, and Buenos Aires.

At a third meeting in 1964, NBS arranged for U. S. technical

representation from the Lone Star Cement Company, with expenses paid by OAS

B. ICAITI (Instituto Centro Americano de Inves tigacion y Tecnologia

Industrial)

The Establishment and Development of the Measurement Center and

Metrology Laboratory at ICAITI was a project sponsored by US AID.

D. R. Mackay, NBS, in 1967, discussed the US AID desire to assist ICAITI

in developing a standards program for the Central American Common Market

(CACM) countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and

Nicaragua) , by providing funds for technical specialists from NBS and for

necessary specialized equipment. The four main interests in consumer and/or

commodity standards were: food products, building materials, textiles, and

electrical components. ISO and COPANT standards would be used. As a consequence, a detailed plan under the above title was prepared, giving

objectives, long-term aims (e.g., establishment of standards laboratories

in the five Central American countries), short-term aims, a full listing

of standards and instruments, location recommendations, space needs,

environmental controls, layout, equipment, installation, a training program,

personnel requirements, and an operating program. Costs for five years

were estimated. (15)

32
C. COLOMBIA

1. Recommendations for National Building Code System for Colombia

(16) - C. T. Mahaffey, NBS , made these recommendations for the benefit of

US AID, the Instituto Colombiano de Normas Tecnicas (ICONTEC) , the Centro

Colombiana de las Construccion (CCC) , and the code group appointed by the

city of Medellin. Discussion with all these groups and interested persons

were held June 9-24, 1967. Among the recommendations are the creation

of a national building code (including development of plumbing, electrical,

and elevator national codes) , with the national code being developed around

the performance concept. It was pointed out that the operation of a performance code relies heavily on the availability of performance test

methods and facilities. It is remarked that such a code would need to be

in two parts, one the health and safety requirements (to be enacted into law),

the other the solutions to the requirements, to become acceptable national

standards. There must also be a systematic way to keep the two-part

document up to date. A comprehensive organization chart embodying all

elements needed to maintain and operate (excluding enforcement functions)

the national code system should be prepared. Detailed organization

recommendations were made.

2. Participation by H. F. Wollin, NBS, and T. M. Stabler, NBS

in the Establishment of a Metrology Laboratory in Bogota, Colombia, and

Operation of a Training Program (17, 32).

In July 1965 a metrology laboratory was established at the

National University, Bogota, Colombia, to serve national needs and also to

serve as a calibration and training center for Latin America. Early in

1962, A. T. McPherson, NBS, and M. W. Jensen, NBS, acting for the U.S.

Department of Commerce, developed a plan for the establishment of a model

weights and measures laboratory for Latin America, equipped with newly

designed physical standards. M. W. Jensen, NBS, and D. R. Mackay , NBS,

travelled to several Latin American countries in May 1962 to determine

their interests and capabilities. In 1963, U.S. AID Washington provided

funds for the fabrication and calibration of the primary standards and for

precision laboratory instruments of measurement and other equipment. Delivery

was completed during 1964. In April 1965, funds were provided for Spanish

and Portuguese translations of technical material and methods of calibration

of standards. AID also provided funds for NBS staff travel.

T. M. Stabler, NBS, made a preliminary trip to Bogota in June

1965 to supervise the unloading and transfer of the equipment to the

laboratory site (5 crates, 6000 pounds). H. F. Wollin, NBS, and T. M. Stabler,

NBS, travelled to Bogota in July 1965 to help prepare the laboratory, install

the standards and precision instruments, and plan the training course with

local officials. The three weeks course trained 2 Venezuelan, 2 Ecuadorian,

and 5 Colombian officials. The first week dealt with weights and measures

33
administration, laws and regulations, and field training. The remaining

two weeks covered instruction in laboratory procedures and calibration

techniques using the new standards. A second metrology course for 1966

was planned.

D. COSTA RICA

In May 1952 W. Souder, NBS , visited Costa Rica to advise on the

establishment of a National Standards Laboratory (no report available)

E. PANAMA

Participation by H. F. Wollin, NBS, in planning for the

establishment of a National Weights and Measures Program in Panama

(July 26-28 1965) (18, 32).

Some background for this meeting was the visit of M. W. Jensen,

NBS, and D. R. Mackay, NBS, to several Latin American Countries to determine

the interests, needs, and capabilities of these countries in weights and

measures and physical standards matters. Panama desired such a program.

The Model Weights and Measures Law of the U.S. National Conference on Weights and Measures was recommended to Panama, along with several other

publications covering regulation, administration, etc. Recommendations

were made covering laboratory facilities, physical standards, and technical

training. It was suggested that all basic training could be obtained in

Colombia.

F. Latin American Standards Seminars

1. Participation in and coordination by L. L. Wyman, NBS, of U.S.

team activities (4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 32, 34) in

the Latin American Standards Seminars (4/22-6/12 1965). USDA and USNOL

assisted ICONTEC and ICOLDA on Quality Control Seminars.

During the past three years, with assistance from US AID/Colombia

and NBS personnel, the Colombian Standards Institute, ICONTEC, had been

established. The AID support program to this private independent body had

three phases - a seminar program, establishment of a standards library,

and training of ICONTEC personnel. The total program included nine seminars.

NBS personnel were the leaders of six of these (B. E. Foster, cement and

concrete; J. R. Kanagy, hides and leather; G. M. Kline, plastics; H. F.

Schiefer, textiles; L. L. Wyman, Ferrous and non-ferrous metals). Each

seminar ran for two weeks, with mornings devoted to broad aspects of standards

from the business, economic and technical points of view, and the afternoons

to work with ICONTEC personnel in actual standards writing. NBS made

significant inputs also to plans for the standards library and the ICONTEC

staff training. NBS had made available a full set of weights and measures

34
standards for use in Latin America, supported by the Department of Commerce

and AID Washington. It was decided to locate them in Bogota, Colombia, and

NBS staff initiated the program and assisted in setting up the laboratory

and testing the instrumentation. Venezuela was visited because of its

interest in participating in the Bogota Weights and Measures center (32)

.

2. Participation by C. T. Mahaffey, NBS, in the Latin American

Standards Seminar at Bogota, Colombia, sponsored by US AID (April 26 - May 7 1965) (20).

Mr. Mahaffey was the leader of the seminar on modular coordination

and building codes, one of nine seminars conducted in this program. There

were approximately 30 attendees at this seminar. Mornings were spent in

lectures and discussions of standards and codes, modular principles, outline

of a suggested building code system, and review of modular practices. Afternoons were spent with appropriate committees of ICONTEC, the Colombian

standards body.

3. Participation by J. R. Kanagy , NBS, in the Latin American

Standards Seminar at Bogota, Colombia, sponsored by US AID (May 29 - June 11

1965) (21).

Mr. Kanagy was the leader of the seminar on leather and hides,

one of nine seminars conducted in this program. There were approximately

25 attendees at this seminar. Topics covered included the importance and

philosophy of standards, standards activities in the USA and relations with

ISO and COPANT, federal specifications, quality control in U.S. tanneries,

and standards for hides. Much U.S. standards and specifications material

was made available.

4.

Participation by H. F. Schiefer, NBS, in the Latin American

Standards Seminar at Bogota, Colombia, sponsored by US AID (May 8-21 1965)

( 22 ).

Mr. Schiefer was the leader of the seminar on textiles, one

of nine seminars conducted in this program. There were approximately 15

attendees at this seminar. A Technical Committee for Textiles (C15) as part of ICONTEC, the Colombia standards body, was formed at this time, and

ten additional persons from five additional organizations were added to

the Committee. Subcommittees on Fibers, Yarns, Fabrics, and Colorfastness

were formed.

5.

Visit by L. L. Wyman, NBS, to Bogota, Colombia, at the request

of US AID, in relation to the Latin American Standards Seminar (NovemberDecember 1965) (6)

.

Mr. Wyman summarized the results of the 1965 Latin American

Standards Seminar Program, which consisted of a series of nine two-weeks

seminars. Planning for the second series of seminars in 1966 was done.

35
Further advice and assistance was given concerning the Colombian

Standards Library, Weights and Measures training, ICONTEC personnel training,

and testing facilities.

6. Participation by T. M. Stabler, NBS, in the Weights and Measures

seminar at Bogota, Colombia (July 25-August 12 1966) (23)

The second weights and measures training seminar for Latin

American officials was conducted at the National University, Bogota,

Colombia, July 25 to August 12, 1966.

The program included instruction in weights and measures

administration, in the field testing of commercial devices, and in laboratory

calibration of length, mass, and volume standards. Mr. Stabler participated

in the laboratory instruction and the planning meeting that followed. Three

Venezuelan, two Guatemalan, and five Colombian officials participated.

In review of the past year, three major accomplishments were

noted: (1) the establishment of the laboratory, and the first Metrology

Seminar in 1965; (2) training at NBS for Dr. Silva of the Physics Department

of the National University, and (3) planning for the Second Metrology

Seminar for 1966.

Among objectives for 1967 were: a Third Metrology Seminar for

1967; expansion of capabilities to include electrical, density, pressure

and illumination measurements; application for Colombian membership in the

ISO; support of the adoption of a uniform weights and measures law for

Colombia; move toward a Latin American Conference on Weights and Measures

(Legal and Scientific Metrology) ; publication of a report covering the

course of instruction just completed.

7. Participation by L. L. Wyman, NBS, in the technical assistance

program sponsored by US AID/Colombia to promote the development of Colombia

through standardization (March 31-April 15, 1967) (24).

This program began in 1963 when Mr. Wyman and local AID personnel

helped to establish the private independent standards institute Instituto

Colombiano de Normas Tecnicas (ICONTEC) . AID provided headquarters

equipment, a reference library of standards, and provided staff training.

Mr. Wyman was a key figure in organizing, with eight other experts from the

U.S. (five from NBS), the 1965 Standards Seminar in Bogota. For the 1967

program, arranged through ICONTEC, there were four travelling seminars in

the following cities (Medellin, Manizales, Barranquilla, Cali, Cucuta, and

Bucaramanga) in the following fields by the indicated seminar leaders

(Standards Education and Promotion, L. L. Wyman; Quality Control, W. R. Pabst,

Jr.; Building Codes and Modular Construction, C. T. Mahaffey; Colombian

Electrical Code and Colombian Elevator Code, W. J. Meese) . Abstracts of

these activities are contained in this report.

36
G. U.S. - Brazil Science Cooperation Program (35)

Brazilian and U.S. scholars met in Rio de Janeiro (4/11-4/16

1966) under the auspices of the National Research Council of Brazil (CNPq)

and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, with the cooperation of AID,

to discuss the contribution of science and technology to economic

development. One recommendation on aid to industry proposed formation of

a Joint Study Group to support the long-term development of a Center for

the Control of Quality and Standards. Its terms of reference (11/7/66)

called for recommendations on

a) present organization, programs, personnel and equipment related

to standards and measurements in Brazil;

b) role of government, industry, educational institutions, and

technical societies in industrial and commercial measurements;

c) inter-relationships between technological institutes, universities,

industry, state and federal governments, science-related institutions and measurement standards facilities with regard to

financing, direction, and control;

d) adequacy of relationship between organizations and activities

relating to measurements and those relating to codes and

specifications covering products and commodities;

e) present and anticipated requirements of measurement standards

and techniques in relation to the needs of Brazil’s economy

and its development plans.

Its members included Brazilians G. N. S. Maia, G. A. Gomes,

A. A. Arantes , A. S. Neves, and L. C. Prado; NBS staff members A. A. Bates,

R. B. Hobbs, M. W. Jensen and A. G. McNish; with F. C. Frost of ANSI, J. Engel

of NAS, and R. A. Sawyer of NRC.

The Joint Group met at NBS (5/8-5/19 1967), at the Brazilian

Academy of Sciences (8/28-9/7 1967), and at Airlie House (3/4-3/15 1968).

Its members visited 32 laboratories and offices in U.S. and 12 in Brazil.

Its report (35) recommended that "agencies responsible for standardization

should constitute an overall system national in scope with the support of

both government and private organizations in general. Preparation and

application of the standards (both normas and padroes ) should be coordinated

by a high-level technical administrator responsible for the system's

operation, and (should be) assisted by an advisory and deliberative board

entrusted with the formulation of the work programs." Specific organizations,

their functions, and their relationships were proposed, together with

appropriate steps in procedure and recommended sources of financial support.

37
II . Technical Assistance to Industrializing Nations in Africa, Asia, and

Europe

A. Ethiopa

In October 1956, F. B. Silsbee, NBS , visited Ethiopa to advise

on the establishment of a national standards laboratory. (No report

available.

)

B. Greece

In 1958, W. G. Brombacher, NBS, visited Greece to advise on

their standards laboratory activities. (No report available.)

C. India

Survey of Textile Research, Education, Standards and Activities in

India by H. F. Schiefer, NBS, for ICA (Sept. 10-0ct. 7, 1955) (25).

Mr. Schiefer visited member government and private institutions

and laboratories, among them the Indian Central Jute Laboratory, the Council

for Scientific and Industrial Research, the Textile Department of the

Delhi Polytechnic Institute, the National Physical Laboratory, the India

Standards Institution, the Shri Ram Institute for Industrial Research, the

Delhi Cloth Mills, the Swatantra Bharat Mills, the Department of Chemical

Technology of the University of Bombay, the National Rayon Corporation, the

Silk and Art Silk Mills’ Research Association, Bombay Mill Owners Association,

the Tata Mills, the Calico Print and Dyeing Company, the Indian Central

Cotton Committee Laboratory, the Bombay Textile Industry Research Association,

and the Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association, the Physical

Research Laboratory of Gujarat University, and visits to nearby mills.

Besides giving numerous lectures to many of these groups and

providing direct advice to them, he rendered a full survey report, with

recommendations, to the ICA.

D. Iran

Dr. A. V. Astin, Director, NBS, visited Iran October 17-22, 1967,

at the request of the Department of State. The central point was concern

for future technical assistance now that the US AID program had been

terminated. He visited numerous industries and quality control centers

and the standards library. He recommended that Iranians spend time on training assignments in the United States, and that recently retired

American executives with technological backgrounds work for limited periods

in Iran. (No report available.)

38
E. Israel

1. In 1958 W. G. Brombacher, NBS , visited Jerusalem to assist

personnel of the Standards Institute of Israel in preparing a list of

lab equipment to be financed by AID. Desirable extension of SII activities

was recommended (36).

2. During March - June 1959, R. C. Cook, NBS, was in Israel,

assisting in the establishment of an acoustics laboratory at the Standards

Institute of Israel. (No report available.)

F. Jordan

In 1965 Henry T. Wensel, NBS, visited Jordan to assist in the

establishment of a standards institute and a customs laboratory. Complete

plans were presented for the establishment of a Jordan Standards Institute,

authority for which at that time still required enactment into law. When

authorized, the JSI laboratory would be located in Amman. It would be

charged with maintaining the standards of measurement and checking of the

measuring devices used in industry and commerce; preparation of standards

of quality and specifications to promote honesty in trade; and determination

of compliance of commodities or devices with established standards. Detailed

recommendations were made for organization, facilities, equipment and training.

Recommendations were also made for a separate Customs Service Laboratory to

be located at Aqaba. (26).

G. Korea

NBS survey of Korean Technology and Standards, Sept. -Oct. 1967

for US AID (27)

.

At the request of AID and with its support, a three-man team

(F. K. Harris, R. K. Eby, H. S. Peiser) spent several weeks in Korea preceded

by several days in Japan. In Korea the team visited approximately 50

Korean research, testing, and standards laboratories and government offices.

Among the comments and recommendations made were:

(1) A new organization should be established in the Ministry

of Commerce and Industry, tentatively designated as the Institute of

Metrology, Standards, and Related Research (IMSRR) . It should include

the National Industrial Research Institute (NIRI) , the Bureau of Weights

and Measures, and the Korean Bureau of Standards. Also included should be

the responsibility for electrical standards (from the Ministry of Communications) , radiation and radioactivity standards, temperature standards,

standard reference materials, and industrial safety standards. An advisory

panel should be formed for this organization.

39
(2) The need for competitive salaries for these government

personnel was pointed out as well as the need for additional facilities and

a new library.

Future possible NBS assistance (if resources were made available)

could include training at US/NBS, future visits of NBS experts to Korea,

assistance in planning and acquiring physical standards, laboratory instrumentation and standard reference materials, and in planning laboratory and

library facilities and training.

A "Sister-Institute" agreement was signed but as yet very

little follow-up has occurred. However, a set of new Weights and Measures

standards and precision instruments was provided to Korea by the US AID

program and installed in the Korea Institute of Science and Technology at

Seoul. A visit for this purpose was made by T. M. Stabler, NBS, in February

1969.

H. Saudi Arabia

A Weights and Measures Program survey was made by M. W. Jensen,

NBS, and H. F. Wollin, NBS, in November 1967 (28).

This survey, sought by and supported by the Kingdom of

Saudi Arabia, provided an extensive and coherent design for a new Weights

and Measures program for the country. It provided an organizational structure;

a plan for staffing, personnel development and technical training; specifications for both office and laboratory facilities; lists of requirements for

physical standards, laboratory instruments, and field testing equipment; a scheme for essential and orderly reports and records; a complete set of

draft ordinances and regulations; and recommendations for a financial plan

to establish and maintain the system.

The study recommended that this system be called the Department

of Weights and Measures and Consumer Services, to be located within the

Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and reporting directly to a Deputy Director

for Regulatory Services. Control of the structure was to be highly

centralized. A National Laboratory was to be established at Riyadh, and

regional laboratories (to be called Measurement Centers) at Riyadh, Jeddah,

and Damman, plus a number of field offices. It further recommended that

two senior consultants be employed for periods of two years to organize the

structure, establish laboratory operations, and oversee training until

returning native trainees were available to operate the system.

I . Taiwan

Visit to Taiwan by NBS Team (F. K. Harris, H. S. Peiser)

November 1967 (29)

40
This visit was made at the request of the Department of State

and the President’s Science Adviser. The AID program for Taiwan had been

terminated because the country had reached a definite level of economic

viability. Visits were made to numerous government offices and laboratories

relating to standards, quality control, and industrialization, and to

industrial companies.

Recommendations included: Expansion of Republic of China

National Bureau of Standards measurement capabilities to include electrical

measurements, temperature over an extended range, radiation and photometry;

for the provision of key calibration services; and for the correlation of

national reference standards with the International System. Further

equipment and training would be needed to accomplish these things. Measurement science courses should be established or expanded at a nearby university.

A National Measurement Center should be developed. Geological Survey activities

should be placed at a National level rather than a provincial level.

J. Thailand

Survey by M. R. Meyerson, NBS, of standardization practices

in countries of concern to UN/ESCAFE (Economic Council for the Asia and

the Far East). (Aug. 25-Sept. 18, 1965) (30).

At the request of the Department of State and AID, a survey

was made of the status of standardization in the iron and steel industries

of these countries. The central accomplishment was to assist ECAFE

Headquarters in Bangkok, Thailand, in preparing a specific program for the

introduction of regional standards for iron and steel materials into the

ECAFE area. A four-year program and schedule for the establishment of a regional standards organization was prepared and submitted. Included were:

Recommendations for the training of standards engineers; a listing of the

status of national standards organizations; a plan for the formulation of

three regional standards of a specific nature (ferrous metallurgy,

non-ferrous metallurgy, and simple engineering products); details of minimal

arrangements which must be made prior to formulation of a regional

standards organization; and a description of the supporting and consulting

personnel needed. A report was made to the Department of State.

K. Turkey

In November 1957 under AID sponsorship, W. G. Brombacher, NBS,

provided assistance in planning standards laboratory facilities and activities

for the semi-autonomous Turkish Standards Institution (31, 36). About

50 establishments were visited, including government offices and laboratories

in Ankara, Izmir, and Istanbul, to universities and research institutes in

Ankara, Bursa, and Istanbul, and to factories and factory laboratories in all

41
four locations. Two reports were prepared, one covering the laboratories

needed to support existing industry and agriculture, the other being a list of laboratory equipment to be purchased by the Turkish government.

Detailed recommendations were made for both primary standards and

commercial and industrial standards, with a list of specific standardization

projects

L. Mission to the Philippines (37)

The Republic of the Philippines requested UNESCO to provide

a consultant for a six-week mission to "advise the Philippine Government

with reference to the present organization and possible strengthening of

the National Institute of Science and Technology." UNESCO asked NBS to

recommend one of its staff members. Mr. Arnold Wexler of the NBS staff

was appointed consultant for this mission. He arrived in Paris on the

7th of November 1964 for briefing at UNESCO Headquarters and arrived in

Manila on the 15th of November 1964. His mission terminated on the 31st

of December 1964.

During his stay in the Philippines, he conferred with Government,

industrial and university officials. He visited Government agencies,

manufacturing plants, industrial organizations, scientific institutes, and

universities to survey and assess the technological and industrial

development of the country and to obtain information on the needs for

testing and analysis of materials and products, for standards and

specifications, and for scientific and technological measurements. He

studied the structure and operation of NIST and of the Scientific

Instruments Center within NIST.

He prepared for the Philippine Government a document requesting

monetary assistance from the U.N. Special Fund for establishing a Testing

and Standards Center with recommendations for location, buildings, equipment, personnel, and financing. He also prepared a supplementary report

to UNESCO on NIST, the Scientific Instruments Repair Center, and the

proposed Testing and Standard Center.

Among those consulted were:

Commissioner Cannto G. Manuel, Dep. Comm. Flaviano M. Yenko

,

and Leopoldo Salazor, Chief of the Division of Tests and Standards, all

of NIST; and Juan Salcedo, Jr., Chairman, National Science and Development Board.

42
Ill . Technical Assistance for Training in USA

In the decade 1957-1967 NBS trained 1,190 persons from 48

countries. Training requests came from a number of organizations

Fulbright Program, American Council on Education, United Nations, National

Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Research Council, Ford

Foundation, Office of Cultural Exchange, Council of International Programs,

International Labor Organization, World Health Organization, and the

Agency for International Development. Most training was of short duration.

After 1963 training activities diminished sharply. Since 1960 there have

been 22 persons trained for longer periods, ranging from one month to three

years. These were from the following countries

Colombia3, India 2,

Indonesia 2, Iraq 1, Japan 1, Korea 5, Nepal 1, Taiwan 1, Thailand 1,

Turkey 2, and Yugoslavia 3.

43
REFERENCES

(1) Report on Latin American Travel Concerning U.S. in Pan-American

Standards Commission and Standards for Iron and Steel (9/20-11/24,

1962). By L. L. Wyman. NBS Report 7793.

(2) Report on Latin American Travel Concerning Latin American Standards

and Standards for Iron and Steel (5/12-6/15, 1963). By L. L. Wyman

NBS Report 8072.

(3) Report on Latin American Travel Concerning Latin American Standards

and Standards for Tubular Steel Products (9/14-11/27 1963). By

L. L. Wyman. NBS Report 8182.

(4) Report on Latin American Travel (IV) Concerning Latin American

Standards (Colombia) and Annual Meeting of the Latin American Iron

and Steel Institute. (6/4-25 1964). By L. L. Wyman. NBS Report 8564.

(5) Report on Latin American Travel (V) Concerning Latin American Standards

and Standards for Iron and Steel. (9/26-10/17 1964). By L. L. Wyman.

NBS Report 8572.

(6) Report on Latin American Travel Concerning Latin American Standards

for Pipe and Tubing and Technical Assistance to Colombia. By L. L. Wyman.

NBS Report 9046.

(7) Report on Latin American Travel (X) Concerning U.S. in Pan American

Standards Commission (COPANT) Annual Meeting of Council and the General

Assembly. By L. L. Wyman. NBS Report 9692, 3/20/68.

(8) Report on South American Travel, May 27-June 29, 1963. By J . R. Kanagy

and J. Naghski, NBS. NBS Report 8074.

(9) Report on Latin American Travel Concerning U.S. in the Pan American

Standards Commission (COPANT) Meeting in Caracas, Venezuela. (6/7-26 1965).

By C. T. Mahaffey, NBS Report 8957, 8/17/65.

(10) Report on International Travel to Latin America to Discuss, Promote,

Assist and Participate in the Development of Pan American Standards

for Textiles (5/17-6/30 1962). By H. F. Schiefer. NBS Report 7585,

8/6/62.

(11) Report on International Travel to Latin America to Participate in the

Development of Pan American Standards for Textiles. By. H. F. Schiefer.

NBS Report 7770, 12/19/62.

44
(12) Report on International Travel to Latin America to Participate in the

Development of Pan American Standards for Textiles. (8/21-10/5 1963).

By J. M. Blandford. NBS Report 8196, 2/26/64.

(13) Report on International Travel to Latin America to Participate in the

Development of Pan American Standards for Textiles. (10/26-11/14 1964).

By J. M. Blandford NBS Report 8645, 2/23/65.

(14) Report on International Travel to Latin America to Participate in

the Development of Pan American Standards for Textiles. By J. M.

Blandford. NBS Report 9427, 10/10/66.

(15) The Establishment and Development of the Measurement Center and

Metrology Laboratory at ICAITI. By J. J. Bayer, ICAITI; R. Molina M.

,

I CAITI ; T. M. Stabler, NBS. April 1968.

(16) Recommendations to the Agency for International Development for the

Implementation of a National Building Code System for Colombia,

South America. By C. T. Mahaffey. NBS Report 9585, 7/25/67.

(17) Report on Weights and Measures Standards Program for Latin America.

By H. F. Wollin and T. M. Stabler. NBS Report 8970, 9/20/65.

(18) Report on Visit to Panama (Subject: Weights and Measures Standards

Program). By H. F. Wollin. NBS Report 8976.

(19) Report on Latin American Travel (Part I - US/AID Colombia Standards

Institute Seminar Program - 22 April - 12 June 1965) (Part II - Weights and Measures Activities, Colombia and Venezuela). By L. L. Wyman.

NBS Report 8938.

(20) Report on Latin American Travel Concerning the Participation by the

National Bureau of Standards in the Standards Seminar sponsored by

the Agency for International Development, held in Bogota, Colombia

(4/26-5/7 1965). By C. T. Mahaffey. NBS Report 8939, 7/22/65.

(21) Report on International Travel to Colombia, S. A., to Conduct a Seminar and Assist in the Development of Standards for Leather.

By J. R. Kanagy. NBS Report 8903, 6/15/65.

(22) Report on International Travel to Colombia, S. A., to Conduct a Seminar and Assist in the Development of Standards for Textiles.

(5/8-21 1965). By H. F. Schiefer. NBS Report 8697, 6/2/65.

(23) Report on Weights and Measures Seminar, Bogota, Colombia, S. A.

By T. M. Stabler. NBS Report 9406.

45
( 24 ) Report on Latin American Travel (VIII). U. S. Agency for International

Development (AID) Colombian Standards Technical Assistance Program.

By L. L. Wyman. NBS Report 9564, 12/20/67.

(25) Report on the Visit to India (September 10 - October 7, 1955) to

discuss Textile Research, Education, Standards, Testing Methods,

Processing, and Specialized Equipment. (for U.S. Technical Cooperation

Mission to India, International Cooperation Administration, Department

of State). By H. F. Schiefer. NBS Report 4833.

(26) Final Report on the Establishment of a Standards Institution and a Laboratory for Customs for Testing Imports and Exports. (prepared

for US AID/Jordan). By Henry T. Wensel. November 1965.

(27) A Report to the Agency for International Development on a Visit to

Korea by a National Bureau of Standards Team under AID Sponsorhip.

NBS Report 9811, March 1968.

(28) A Report on a New Weights and Measures Program for the Kingdom of

Saudi Arabia. By M. W. Jensen and H. F. Wollin, NBS. 4/10/68.

(29) Report on a Visit to Taiwan by a National Bureau of Standards Team.

By F. K. Harris and H. S. Peiser. November 1967.

(30) Report on a Trip to ECAFE, UN, Bangkok, Thailand, for the Purpose

of a Standards Practices Survey. (8/25-9/18, 1965). By M. R.

Meyerson. Report to State Department, 9/23/65.

(31) Report on Proposed Laboratory Facilities for the Turkish Standards

Institution. By W. G. Brombacher, NBS Consultant. November 1957.

(32) Letters L. L. Wyman to H. L. Mason 10/15/70 and 11/13/70.

(33) Memo J. M. Blandford to H. L. Mason 11/12/70.

(34) Memo Bruce Foster to H. L. Mason 11/13/70.

(35) Report of the Joint Group to Study Standards, Tests and Weights and

Measures in Brazil. National Research Council, Rio de Janeiro, 1968.

(36) Memo W. G. Brombacher to H. L. Mason 11/17/70.

(37) Memo Arnold Wexler to H. L. Mason 11/10/70.

46
Appendix 5

UNIDO/ECA Workshop, November 1970

A training workshop for personnel engaged in standardization was

held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17-24 November 1970, as programmed by

Mr . Ademola Banjo of the UNIDO Economic Commission for Africa. The

U.S. Agency for International Development sent Dr. Sanford B. Newman

of NBS as an observer; other observers were from the Malawi Embassy,

Addis Ababa, from IEC, Geneva, and from UNIDO, Vienna.

Participants from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan,

Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, and the East African Community described

standardization work in their own countries. Formal papers were

also presented as follows:

J. M. L. Gavin (UK) , "Organization and Operation

of a National Standardization Body (NSB)"

V. Korenic (UNDP) , "Regional Standardization"

W. Artels (ISO) , "International Standardization"

L. Wallden (Sweden), "Standardization and Exports

Promotion"

J. M. L. Gavin (UK), Standards, Quality Control

and the International Market"

L. Wallden (Sweden) , "Priorities for Standardization

in Specific Sectors"

S. Janicki (Poland), "Training for Standardization"

B. S. Krishnamachar (India), "Basic Standards and

Adoption of the Metric System (SI)"

J. Blanc (IEC), "The Work of the International Electrotechnical Commission in International Standardization"

After extended discussion by all participants, the Workshop adopted

the following recommendations:

1. Cooperation between UNIDO, ECA, and ISO is welcome,

and similar projects should be organized on a recurrent basis.

47
2. Developing countries should be encouraged to

set up viable National Standards Bodies.

3. An Advisory Committee within the ECA Secretariat

should be formed to coordinate regional

standardization activities.

4. National standards should be alined to ISO and IEC

specifications to the maximum extent possible, with

intensified activity by ISO/DEVCO.

5. Quality Control and certification schemes should be

operated by National Standards Bodies.

6. National Standards Bodies should provide certification

for all exports.

7. Priorities in selecting subjects for standardization

should be based on immediate social and economic

benefits to the country concerned, once basic

standards for quantities and units are established.

8. Technical assistance arrangement for attaching

trainees to establish National Standards Bodies,

and training of company standards engineers

should be made available to developing countries.

9. African countries should adopt the SI, with

further UNIDO/UNESCO assistance in metrology.

Some of the participants were aware of training available in

Japan, USSR, and Germany. Mr. Krishnamachar mentioned training

planned by the Indian Standards Institute, and Mr. Korenic described

a workshop to be completely subsidized by the Polish Government.

Mr. Newman told of the NBS/AID plans for an industrialization seminar

and subsequent training program; the Zambian and the Ethiopian

participants expressed interest, and Mr. Krishnamachar offered his

assistance

The Workshop papers and Mr. Newman’s trip report are available

for inspection.

48