## TSD -aa

Trends i n Measured1-hr Ozone Concentra tions over t heOTR

m odeling d o main

Bureau of

AirQuality Analysis a nd Research Division o f Air Reso urces NewYork State Depart me nt o f Environ me ntal Con servation

Alba ny , NY 12233

1

## Ozone TrendAnalysis

Trends in raw and meteorologi cal lyadju sted1-hour ozone were calculatedat several AQ S mon itoringsites in theNortheast. A summaryof the analy sis is provided below, anda detailedde scriptionof the met- adju stmentprocedure is outlinedin Milanchus et al. (1998) andreferences containedincludingthose relatedto theKol mogorov- Zurbenko (KZ) me thodused in this analys is to estimatetrends. Data Ozone ti meseries were obtainedatmanymonitoringsites in theNortheasternUnited States. Fromthese data, logof dailymaxim umone hour ozonewere calculated. In addition, s everalme teorolog icalvariables were obtainedfromNationalWeather service stations in theN ortheast. These included surface te mperature, dew pointand specific humiditywith dew pointdepres sionbeing calculated. D ailymax imumvalues were calculatedfor each of themeteorologic al variabletim es series. The timespan of data consideredfor both ozoneand meteorologi calvariables wa s from1985 to 2005. In addition, this analys is focusedon the ozonesea son (April15 through October 15) of each year. Su m m aryof

Trend analysis In calculatingraw ozone trends, aKZ365,3 filter wa s appliedto the logof daily max imumozone ti meseries to obtainthelong-termtrend co mponent. Alinear regression is thenperformedto getthe trendestimate. For the met- ad

justed trends, the ti meseries of ozone and meteorolog ica lvariables must firstbe separatedinto the baselineand short-termti mescales. A KZ15,5 wa s used for this separation. Theeffects of meteoro logyare then remov edfromthese components independently. Applyin gtheKZ15,5 filter to the raw data(log of dailymax imumozone anddailym axim

ummet. variables) produces thebaselinecomponent. Thes hortterm compon entis thenobtained b y subtractingthebaselinefromtheraw data. F or this analy sis, temperature and dew pointdepres sionwere removedfromthes hort- term compon ent, while temp eratur e and specific humiditywere removedfromthebaseline compon ent. Once thebaselineand short-termcompon ents are isolateda multiple leasts quares regression is performed

on eachcomponentwiththe respectivem eteorolog ica l compon ents. Next, theresiduals fromthe multip leregression on the short-termare added to the residuals fromthebaselineto getthe met- adju stedozone ti meseries. A KZ365,3 filteris then applied

to the met- adju stedozone to get thelong-termcompon entof me tadjusted ozone. Alinear

regressionis then applied to the long- termmet- adjusted ozone to geta trendestimateand95% confidenceinterval. Trend values thatare negativerepresent adecreasingtrend in ozone, while po sitivevalues indicate an upward trend. In this analy sis, trends were calculatedfor 3 differenttimeperiods; 1985 to 2005, 1990 to 2005 and1995 to 2005. Onlytrends thatwere significantat the95% confidencelevelwere 2

### reported. Tables 1to 3 listthera w andmet- ad

justed trends for each of thesetim e periods over the OTR. Thetotalnumber of ozone monitors variedin thesetimeperiods, as therewere oftenchanges inthe locationof the monitordue to operationallogistics. Figures 1aand 1b provide agraphicalrepresentationof the trends for the 1990 to 2005 ti meperiod. Results Trends in both raw and meteorolog ica llyadjusted ozone are found to varysubstantial ly overdifferenttimeperiods and fromlocationto location. Trends were calculatedfor all ozone monitorslocatedwithinthe mode lingdomain, althoughthefollowing discussion is focused on theNew Y ork CMS A, andthatsimilar analys is couldbe performedfor other areas of the OTR. In general, thereis a decreasingtrendin raw ozoneover theNew York, New Jer se yand Connecticutarea for allthetim e periods considered. Monitors inN ew York tendto sho w more decreasingtrends when considerationis givento thelonger ti me periodof 1985 to 2005, and less for theshorter periodof 1995 to 2005. Onlyone monitorinNew Jerseycontinues to show an increasingtrend inraw ozone levels irrespective of the3 timeperiods, whileConnecticut has the highest numb erof monitors thatdisplayan increasingtrendparticularlyfor the 1990 to 2005 period. Whenmeteoro logic allyad justedozone is considered, the generaltrend over thetri- state areais one of decreasingozone. The majorityof New Y ork monitors sho w decreasing trends in met- ad

justedozone with themost beingin the1985 to 2005 and 1995 to 2005 ti meperiods and theleast duringthe 1990 to 2005 timeperiod. A s with raw ozone concentrations, New J erse y has onl yone monitor

sho wingan upwardtrend andonlyfor the1990 to 2005 ti meperiod. Monitors in Connecticutsho w ageneraldownward trend inmet- ad justed ozone with themajorityof these occurringin the1985 to 2005 tim e periodand theleastin the 1990 to 2005 period. Althoughwe see a fairlyconsistent decreaseinboth raw and meteorologi cal lyadju stedozone, it is not uncommo nto see trends of differentmagnitude or eventrend directions innearbymonitors thatis probably areflectionof differences inemissions and titrationeffects on ozone. Ref erence : Milanchus et al., (1998) “Evaluatingtheeffectiveness of ozone man agem entefforts in the presence of meteorologi calvariability” , JA&WMA, 48, 201-215.

3

### Table1 Raw and Met- ad justedtrends in 1-hr ozoneconcentrations overthe OTR for 1985-2005 ozonesea sons ST AT E AI RS ID STATION LOCATION RA W TRENDS MET-A DJ USTED TRENDS Sl op e 9 5%

CI Sl op e 95 % CI (%/yr) (%/yr) C T 9 00 10 01 7 GR EEN W I CH GREEN W IC H PO INT P ARK -0. 11 8 0 .0 15 -0. 23 4 0. 01 7 C T 9 00 11 12 3 DANBURY TRAIL ER, W

. CONNEC TICUT S TATE UNIVERSI TY 0 .0 41 0 .0 19 -0. 08 3 0. 02 1 C T 9 00 13 00 7 S TRATF ORD USCG LIGH THOUS E , PR OSP ECT ST REE T -0. 55 8 0 .0 17 -0. 82 3 0. 01 9 C T 9 00 31 00 3 E. HARTFORD MCAULIFFEE PARK 0 .3 95 0 .0 19 0 .4 22 0. 01 4 C T 9 00 70 00 7 MIDDLET O W N CONN. VAL LEY HOSP ., SHE WHA LL, EA ST ERN D -0. 09 7 0 .0 14 -0. 19 7 0. 01 1 C T 9 00 93 00 2 MADI SON HAMMONASSE T STAT E PARK 0 .0 56 0 .0 15 C T 9 01 10 00 8 GRO TON UNIV ERSITY O F CONNECT ICUT, AV ERYPO INT -0. 75 8 0 .0 15 -0. 80 7 0. 01 9 C T 9 01 31 00 1 S TA FFORD ROUT E 19 0, SHENIP SI T S TATE FOR EST -0. 17 6 0 .0 15 -0. 21 8 0. 01 3 DC 1 10 01 00 25 NO T IN A CI TY TA KOM A SC. P INEY BRANCH RD &DAHLI A STN -0. 46 4 0 .0 22 -0. 19 1 0. 01 5 ME 2 30 05 20 03 CA PE E LIZA BE TH TW OL IGH TS S TATE P ARK -0. 94 3 0 .0 14 -0. 84 7 0. 01 3 ME 2 30 31 20 02 NO T IN A CI TY OCEAN AVE /PARS ONS W A Y , KENNE BUNKPORT -0. 79 4 0 .0 16 -0. 71 2 0. 01 3 MD 2 40 03 00 14 NO T IN A CI TY QUEEN ANN E AND W A Y SO N ROADS -0. 90 4 0 .0 24 -0. 69 8 0. 01 9 MD 2 40 05 10 07 COCK EYSVIL LE GR EENSIDE DRIVE COC KEYSVI LLE MD -0. 59 6 0 .0 15 -0. 32 6 0. 01 0 MD 2 40 05 30 01 ES SEX W O O D W A R D &DORSEY RDS ,E SSEX MD -0. 49 3 0 .0 14 -0. 22 1 0. 01 2 MD 2 40 13 00 01 NO T IN A CI TY 13 00 W

. OLD L IB ERTY ROAD, W I N FI EL D,MD -0. 84 1 0 .0 14 -0. 56 6 0. 01 0 MD 2 40 17 00 10 NO T IN A CI TY S O MD CORRECTI ONAL CAMP, HUGHES VIL LE -0. 78 0 0 .0 20 -0. 55 7 0. 01 5 MD 2 40 25 10 01 EDGE W O OD ED GE W O O D ARMYCHEM CEN TER EDG E W O O D -0. 53 7 0 .0 16 -0. 29 6 0. 01 6 MD 2 40 31 30 01 ROCK VIL LE L OT HROP E SMIT H ENV .ED CENT ER ROCKV ILL E -0. 60 4 0 .0 22 -0. 44 1 0. 01 8 MA 2 50 01 00 02 TRURO FOXB OT TO M ARE A- CAPE COD N AT' L S EA SHR 0 .0 29 0 .0 18 -0. 31 2 0. 02 0 MA 2 50 05 10 02 FA IRHAVEN LEROY W O OD SCHOO L -0. 18 6 0 .0 19 -0. 30 1 0. 02 0 MA 2 50 13 00 08 CHICOP EE ANDERS ON ROAD A IR FORCE BA SE -0. 20 1 0 .0 19 -0. 07 2 0. 01 6



### 4MA 2 50 15 40 02 W A R E QU ABBIN S UMMIT -0. 52 0 0 .0 15 -0. 57 6 0. 01 4

NH 3 30 05 00 07 K EENE RAILRO AD ST REE T -0. 14 0 0 .0 36 -0. 36 0 0. 00 5 NH 3 30 19 00 03 CLAREMON T S OUTH S TR EE T 0 .3 90 0 .0 68 0 .2 10 0. 03 7 NJ 3 40 01 00 05 NO T IN A CI TY BRIG ANT INE W I L D LI FE REFUGE ,NACOT E CREE K -0. 99 9 0 .0 20 -0. 91 4 0. 02 0 NJ 3 40 07 00 03 NO T IN A CI TY COPE W O OD E . DAVIS ST S; TRAIL ER -0. 69 2 0 .0 21 -0. 72 9 0. 02 0 NJ 3 40 07 10 01 NO T IN A CI TY ANCORA S TATE HO SPI TA L, ANCORA -0. 83 8 0 .0 14 -0. 75 2 0. 01 6 NJ 3 40 11 00 07 NO T IN A CI TY L INCOLN AVE. &HIGH W A Y 5 5,NE OF MIL LVI LLE -0. 76 7 0 .0 14 -0. 55 1 0. 01 5 NJ 3 40 15 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY CLARKSB ORO,SHADY LAN E RES T HOME -0. 68 6 0 .0 11 -0. 58 0 0. 01 2 NJ 3 40 17 00 06 B AYONNE VE TERANS P ARK ON NE W A RK BAY -0. 98 8 0 .0 14 -0. 78 4 0. 01 5 NJ 3 40 19 00 01 FLEMING TON RARI TAN ST P,RTE .61 3S, THRE E BRIDG ES -0. 32 6 0 .0 13 -0. 11 8 0. 01 6 NJ 3 40 21 00 05 NO T IN A CI TY RIDER CO LLE GE; LA W RE NC E TO W N SH IP -0. 82 5 0 .0 14 -0. 75 3 0. 01 2 NJ 3 40 27 30 01 NO T IN A CI TY B LDG. #1, BE LL L AB S, OFF ROUT E 51 3 -0. 82 3 0 .0 15 -0. 64 5 0. 01 7 NY 3 60 01 00 12 A LB ANY LOUDONVI LL E RES ERVOIR 0 .1 69 0. 01 0 NY 3 60 15 00 03 E LMIRA SU LLI VAN S T. , W AT ER T R. P L. -0. 05 6 0 .0 17 0 .0 36 0. 01 6 NY 3 60 29 00 02 AMHERS T AUDUBON G OLF COURS E, MAP LE RO AD 0 .0 66 0 .0 27 0 .3 34 0. 02 7 NY 3 60 31 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY SUMMI T, W HI T EF ACE M TN, W E ATH ER S TATI ON -0. 31 9 0 .0 12 -0. 37 6 0. 02 7 NY 3 60 31 00 03 NO T IN A CI TY BA SE W H I T EF ACE MTN, ASRC,SUNY -0. 52 8 0 .0 26 -0. 44 1 0. 02 5 NY 3 60 45 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY VADAI RO AD, P ERCH RI VER, BRO W N VI LL E -0. 14 7 0 .0 24 -0. 25 5 0. 02 4 NY 3 60 63 10 06 NO T IN A CI TY MIDDLE PORTST P, NORTH HART LAND RD -0. 31 7 0 .0 17 -0. 05 9 0. 01 7 NY 3 60 85 00 67 NE W YORK CITY SU SAN W A G N ERHS , , -0. 64 3 0 .0 18 -0. 39 9 0. 02 2 NY 3 60 93 00 03 SCHENECTADY MT .PL EAS ANT HS, -0. 12 3 0 .0 16 0 .0 16 0. 01 1 NY 3 61 03 00 02 B ABYLON EA STFARMINGDAL E W AT ER DIS T. ,GAZZA BL VD. -0. 31 5 0 .0 18 -0. 67 8 0. 01 4 NY 3 61 03 00 04 RIVERHE AD 3 9 S OUND A VENUE,RI VERHEAD -0. 16 3 0 .0 51 -0. 08 9 0. 03 8 NY 3 61 17 30 01 NO T IN A CI TY W A YN E EDUCAT IONA L CENT ER, W I L L IA MS ON -0. 92 9 0 .0 20 -0. 61 8 0. 01 6 NY 3 61 19 20 04 W H I T E PL AINS W H I T E PL AINS P UMP STAT IO N,ORCHARD ST REE T -0. 42 4 0 .0 18 -0. 33 0 0. 01 8 P A 4 20 03 00 08 P IT TS BURGH B APC 3 01 39 TH S TR EE T B LDG # 7 0 .1 48 0 .0 34 0 .6 78 0. 03 1 P A 4 20 03 00 67 NO T IN A CI TY OLD O AKDA LE RO AD S OUTH F AYET TE 0 .8 79 0 .0 37 1 .2 04 0. 03 5 P A 4 20 07 00 14 B EAVER FA LLS EI GHT S TR EE T AND RI VER A LL EY -0. 25 1 0 .0 16 0 .1 21 0. 01 5 P A 4 20 11 00 09 READING UGI CO MONG ANT O W N RD AND PRO SPEC T S T -0. 30 4 0 .0 16 -0. 26 9 0. 01 4



### 5P A 4 20 13 08 01 AL TO ONA 2ND A VE & 7 TH ST -0. 20 7 0 .0 16 0 .1 41 0. 01 4 P A 4 20 17 00 12 BR IST OL (BORO) ROCKVI E W LANE -0. 60 9 0 .0 12 -0. 52 2 0. 01 5 P A 4 20 21 00 11 NO T IN A CI TY MILL ER AUT O SH OP 1 MES SENGER S T -0. 02 0 0 .0 18 0 .3 27 0. 01 7 P A 4 20 43 04 01 HARRIS BURG 1 83 3 UP S DRIVE H ARRISBURG P A -0. 18 8 0 .0 17 -0. 13 0 0. 01 3 P A 4 20 43 11 00 HERSHEY S IPE AV E & MAE S TRE ET -0. 29 7 0 .0 17 -0. 27 9 0. 01 4 P A 4 20 45 00 02 CHEST ER FRON T S T & NORRIS S T -0. 58 5 0 .0 14 -0. 37 9 0. 01 5 P A 4 20 69 20 06 SCRAN TON GE ORGE S T TR OOP AND CI TY OF SCRANTON -0. 16 3 0 .0 17 -0. 21 8 0. 01 7 P A 4 20 71 00 07 LANCA ST ER CITY ABRAH AM L INCOLN JR HI GH GROFFT O W N RD 0 .1 78 0 .0 20 0 .2 65 0. 01 9 P A 4 20 73 00 15 NE W CAS TL E CRO TON S T & J EFFERSON S T. -0. 09 1 0 .0 14 0 .1 12 0. 01 4 P A 4 20 77 00 04 A LL ENT O W N S TATE HO SPI TA L RE AR 16 00 H ANOVER AVE -0. 05 4 0 .0 17 -0. 05 6 0. 01 8 P A 4 20 79 11 00 NANT ICOKE 2 55 LO W E RBR OAD W A Y -0. 07 3 0 .0 20 -0. 11 0 0. 02 4 P A 4 20 79 11 01 W I L K E S- BARRE CHILW IC K & W A S HI NG TON ST S 0 .1 32 0 .0 17 0 .0 89 0. 01 6 P A 4 20 85 01 00 NO T IN A CI TY PA 51 8 (NE WCAST LE ROAD) & P A4 18 0 .1 64 0. 01 3 P A 4 20 91 00 13 NORRIS TO W N STAT E ARMORY- 1 04 6 BE LV OIR RD -0. 32 3 0 .0 16 -0. 14 2 0. 01 7 P A 4 20 99 03 01 NO T IN A CI TY ROUT E 34 L IT TL E BUFFALO STAT E PAR K -0. 27 4 0 .0 17 -0. 05 2 0. 01 6 P A 4 21 01 00 14 PH ILADE LPHIA ROXY W AT E R PUMP S TAEVA-DEARNLEY ST S -0. 99 1 0 .0 12 -0. 72 0 0. 01 4 P A 4 21 01 00 24 PH ILADE LPHIA GRAN T- A SHT ON ROADS PHIL A NE A IRPORT -0. 40 8 0 .0 24 -0. 37 4 0. 02 9 P A 4 21 25 00 05 CHARLEROI CHARLER0 1 W A S T E TR EAT MENTPL ANT 0 .0 60 0 .0 23 0 .3 86 0. 02 2 P A 4 21 25 02 00 W A S HI NG TON MCCARRELL AND FAYE TT E ST S -0. 27 3 0 .0 17 0 .0 94 0. 01 7 P A 4 21 33 00 08 YORK HI LL S T. -0. 07 1 0 .0 16 0 .0 60 0. 01 8 RI 4 40 03 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY W

. A LT ON JON ES CAMPUS URI PARK ERFIELD -0. 75 2 0 .0 17 -0. 88 8 0. 01 8 VA 5 10 13 00 20 NO T IN A CI TY S 18 TH AND HAYES ST -0. 52 9 0 .0 15 -0. 19 5 0. 01 1 VA 5 10 41 00 04 NO T IN A CI TY B EACH,IN TERS ECT ION OF CO.RO ADS 6 55 & 6 54 -0. 55 5 0 .0 20 -0. 12 2 0. 01 8 VA 5 10 59 00 18 NO T IN A CI TY M T.V ERNON 2 67 5 SH ERW O O D HAL L LAN E -0. 93 9 0 .0 14 -0. 53 0 0. 01 3 VA 5 10 59 50 01 MC LE AN L E W I N SV IL LE 14 37 BA LL S HIL L RD -0. 54 0 0 .0 14 -0. 20 9 0. 01 5 VA 5 10 61 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY RT 65 1 C PHE LPS W I L D LI FE MANAGEMEN T AR EA -1. 14 5 0 .0 19 -0. 74 1 0. 01 6 VA 5 10 87 00 14 NO T IN A CI TY 24 01 HARTMAN S TR EE T MATH &SCI ENCE CTR -0. 42 7 0 .0 15 VA 5 11 13 00 03 NO T IN A CI TY SH ENANDOAH NP B IG ME ADO W S -0. 03 1 0 .0 21 0 .0 67 0. 01 8 VA 5 11 61 10 04 VIN TON E AS T V INT ON EL EMENTARYSCHO OL -0. 37 4 0 .0 22 -0. 18 0 0. 01 9 VA 5 15 10 00 09 AL EXANDRIA 5 17 N SA INT AS APH ST , AL EXANDRIAH EAL TH 0 .1 04 0 .0 24 0 .4 00 0. 02 0 VA 5 18 00 00 04 SUFFO LK TI DE W AT E RCOMM. COL LEG E, FREDERIC -0. 28 7 0 .0 24 0 .0 72 0. 02 0



### 6CAMPUS



### Table2 Raw and Met- ad justedtrends in 1-hr ozoneconcentrations overthe OTR for 1990-2005 ozonesea sons

ST AT E A IR S ID STATION LOC AT ION RAW TRENDS MET-AD JUSTED TRENDS Slop e 95% CI S lope 9 5% CI (%/yr) (%/y r) C T 09 00 10 017 GREEN W IC H GR EEN W I CH P OIN T PAR K 0. 16 5 0. 02 2 0 .2 02 0 .0 24 C T 09 00 11 123 DANBURY T RAI LER, W

. CONNECTICU T ST AT E UNIVER SITY 0. 59 1 0. 02 4 0 .6 46 0 .0 23 C T 09 00 13 007 S TRATF ORD USCG L IGHTH OUSE , PROS PEC T S TRE ET 0. 07 8 0. 01 8 -0. 12 3 0 .0 19 C T 09 00 31 003 EA STHART FORD MCAULIFF EE P ARK 0. 04 6 0. 02 7 0 .2 08 0 .0 18 C T 09 00 70 007 MIDDLE TO W N CONN. VA LL EYHOS P., SHE WHAL L, E AS TERN D 0. 22 5 0. 01 7 0 .1 71 0 .0 12 C T 09 00 93 002 MADISON HAMMONAS SETS TATE P ARK - 0 .2 03 0. 02 2 -0. 16 7 0 .0 25 C T 09 01 10 008 GRO TON UNIVERSI TY OF CONNEC TICU T, AVERYP OIN T - 0 .4 02 0. 02 2 -0. 29 5 0 .0 26 C T 09 01 31 001 S TA FFORD ROU TE 1 90 , SH ENIPS IT STAT E FORES T - 0 .1 14 0. 01 9 -0. 10 4 0 .0 15 DC 11 00 10 025 NO T IN A CI TY TAK OMA SC . PIN EYBRANCH RD & DAH LIA S TN - 0 .3 57 0. 02 9 -0. 08 8 0 .0 21 ME 23 00 52 003 CAPE EL IZAB ETH TW O LI GHT S STAT E PAR K - 0 .8 58 0. 02 1 -0. 68 4 0 .0 2 ME 23 03 12 002 NO T IN A CI TY OC EAN AV E/P ARSONS W A Y, K ENNEBUNKPOR T - 0 .8 74 0. 01 5 -0. 74 6 0 .0 13 MD 24 00 30 014 NO T IN A CI TY QU EEN ANNE AND W A YS ON RO ADS - 0 .8 05 0. 03 7 -0. 51 8 0 .0 32 MD 24 00 51 007 COCK EYSVIL LE GREENS IDE DRIVE COCKEYSV ILL E MD - 0 .8 05 0. 02 1 -0. 41 6 0 .0 13 MD 24 00 53 001 E SS EX W O O D W A RD & DORS EYRDS , ES SEX MD - 0 .3 96 0. 02 0 MD 24 01 30 001 NO T IN A CI TY 1 30 0 W

. O LD LI BERTYRO AD, W I NF IE LD ,MD - 0 .9 40 0. 01 9 -0. 55 3 0 .0 13 MD 24 01 70 010 NO T IN A CI TY SO MD CORREC TIONA L CAMP , HUGHESV ILL E - 0 .6 44 0. 02 9 -0. 50 1 0 .0 25 MD 24 02 51 001 ED GE W O O D EDGE W O OD A RMYCHEM CENT ER EDGE W O OD - 0 .5 55 0. 02 0 -0. 14 4 0 .0 18 MD 24 03 13 001 ROCK VIL LE LO THROP E SMI TH EN V.ED CEN TER ROC KVI LLE - 0 .7 30 0. 03 5 -0. 54 2 0 .0 31 MA 25 00 10 002 T RURO FOXB OT TO M ARE A- CAPE COD N AT' L Se a s hr 0. 13 4 0. 01 9 0 .2 02 0 .0 19 MA 25 00 51 002 FAIRHAV EN L EROY W O O D SCHOOL 0. 33 7 0. 02 5 0 .3 14 0 .0 27



### 7MA 25 01 30 008 CHICOPEE ANDERSON RO AD AIR FORCE B AS E 0. 25 2 0. 02 3 0 .4 73 0 .0 18

MA 25 01 54 002 W A R E QUAB BIN SUMMI T - 0 .7 93 0. 01 6 -0. 70 6 0 .0 14 NH 33 00 50 007 K EENE RA ILROAD S TR EET - 0 .1 50 0. 07 2 -0. 18 0 0 .0 65 NH 33 01 90 003 CLAREMON T SOU TH ST RE ET 0. 57 0 0. 04 5 0 .5 50 0 .0 12 NJ 34 00 10 005 NO T IN A CI TY BR IGAN TINE W I L DL IF E REFUGE,NACO TE CREEK - 1 .2 91 0. 03 1 -1. 30 8 0 .0 31 NJ 34 00 70 003 NO T IN A CI TY CO PE W O O D E. DAVI S S TS ; T RAI LER - 0 .0 89 0. 02 5 -0. 04 3 0 .0 22 NJ 34 00 71 001 NO T IN A CI TY ANCORA STAT E HOSP ITAL , ANCORA - 0 .7 20 0. 01 7 -0. 54 4 0 .0 23 NJ 34 01 10 007 NO T IN A CI TY LINCO LN AV E.&HIGH W AY 55 ,NE OF MI LL VIL LE - 0 .5 92 0. 02 1 -0. 25 7 0 .0 22 NJ 34 01 50 002 NO T IN A CI TY CLARK SBORO, SHADYLANE RE STHOME - 0 .7 43 0. 01 6 -0. 47 3 0 .0 18 NJ 34 01 70 006 B AYONNE V ET ERANS PARK ON NE W A R K B AY - 1 .1 37 0. 01 9 -0. 78 2 0 .0 22 NJ 34 01 90 001 F LEMINGT ON RARITAN S TP ,RT E. 613 S, T HREE BRIDGE S - 0 .2 08 0. 01 9 0 .1 21 0 .0 23 NJ 34 02 10 005 NO T IN A CI TY RIDER COL LEG E;L AW R EN CE T O W N S HI P - 1 .0 27 0. 02 1 -0. 82 8 0 .0 19 NJ 34 02 73 001 NO T IN A CI TY BLDG .# 1, B EL L LA BS, OFF ROU TE 5 13 - 0 .8 63 0. 02 4 -0. 57 5 0 .0 29 NY 36 00 10 012 AL BANY L OUDONVIL LE RE SERVO IR - 0 .1 48 0. 01 9 0 .1 54 0 .0 14 NY 36 01 50 003 ELMIRA SUL LIVAN ST ., W AT E R TR . PL

. 0 .0 66 0 .0 26 NY 36 02 90 002 AMHERS T AUDUBON GO LF COURSE, MAPL E ROAD 1. 00 8 0. 03 1 1 .3 58 0 .0 31 NY 36 03 10 002 NO T IN A CI TY SUMMIT , W H I TE FAC E MTN , W E AT HE R STAT IO N - 0 .4 47 0. 01 6 -0. 37 6 0 .0 27 NY 36 03 10 003 NO T IN A CI TY B AS E W H I T E FA CE M TN,ASRC, SUNY - 0 .5 17 0. 02 7 -0. 44 1 0 .0 25 NY 36 04 50 002 NO T IN A CI TY VADA I ROAD, PERCH RIVER, BRO W N V IL LE 0. 62 6 0. 02 7 0 .5 33 0 .0 29 NY 36 06 31 006 NO T IN A CI TY MIDDLEPOR T S TP , NORTH HAR TL AND RD 0. 21 3 0. 02 0 0 .5 29 0 .0 19 NY 36 08 50 067 NE W YORK CITY SU SAN W A G N ERHS - 0 .4 00 0. 02 7 NY 36 09 30 003 SCHENEC TADY M T.P LEA SAN T HS. - 0 .0 43 0. 02 1 0 .2 55 0 .0 15 NY 36 10 30 002 BA BYLON E AS T F ARMINGDALE W AT E R DIST ., GAZZA B LVD. - 0 .9 27 0. 01 6 -1. 10 1 0 .0 16 NY 36 10 30 004 RI VERHEAD 39 SOUND AV ENUE,RIV ERHEAD - 0 .1 70 0. 05 1 -0. 08 9 0 .0 38 NY 36 11 73 001 NO T IN A CI TY W A Y NE EDUCATI ONAL CEN TER, W I L L I AM SON - 0 .8 41 0. 03 3 -0. 40 8 0 .0 25 NY 36 11 92 004 W H I T E P LA INS W H I T E PL AINS P UMP STAT IO N,ORCHARD S tr - 0 .2 50 0. 02 6 0 .0 84 0 .0 24 P A 42 00 30 008 PI TT SB URGH BA PC 30 1 3 9T H ST RE ETBLD G #7 0. 87 1 0. 05 0 1 .4 86 0 .0 45 P A 42 00 30 067 NO T IN A CI TY O LD OA KDAL E ROAD SOU TH FAYE TT E 1. 40 6 0. 05 2 1 .7 67 0 .0 46 P A 42 00 70 014 B EAVER FA LLS E IGH T ST RE ETAND RIV ER AL LEY - 0 .1 18 0. 02 6 0 .4 17 0 .0 23



### 8P A 42 01 10 009 RE ADING UGI CO MONGAN TO W N RD A ND PROS PECTST - 0 .1 43 0. 02 4

P A 42 01 30 801 AL TO ONA 2ND AV E & 7T H S T - 0 .2 74 0. 02 4 0 .1 90 0 .0 21 P A 42 01 70 012 BRIS TO L (BOROUG ROCK VIE WLANE - 0 .5 36 0. 01 9 -0. 32 2 0 .0 24 P A 42 02 10 011 NO T IN A CI TY MI LLER AU TO SHOP 1 ME SSENG ER ST 0. 08 5 0. 02 9 0 .5 64 0 .0 26 P A 42 04 30 401 HARRIS BURG 18 33 UPS DRIV E HARRISBURG PA - 0 .1 42 0. 02 7 0 .0 48 0 .0 18 P A 42 04 31 100 HERSHEY SI PE AVE &MAE ST REE T - 0 .2 51 0. 02 6 -0. 12 0 0 .0 22 P A 42 04 50 002 CHEST ER FRONT ST& NORRIS ST - 0 .4 64 0. 02 1 -0. 04 2 0 .0 22 P A 42 06 92 006 SCRAN TON G EORGE STT ROO P AND CITY O F SCRAN TON - 0 .2 53 0. 02 5 -0. 09 7 0 .0 26 P A 42 07 10 007 LANCAS TER CI TY A BRAHAM LINCO LN JR HIGH GROFF TO W N RD 0. 12 4 0. 02 9 0 .3 29 0 .0 29 P A 42 07 30 015 NE W CAS TL E CROT ON ST& JEFFERS ON ST

. 0. 07 5 0. 02 2 0 .3 94 0 .0 22 P A 42 07 70 004 AL LEN TO W N STAT E HOSP ITAL REAR 1 60 0 HANOV ER AV E 0. 27 2 0. 02 6 0 .3 46 0 .0 26 P A 42 07 91 100 NAN TICO KE 25 5 L O W E R BROAD W AY 0. 46 7 0. 02 6 0 .6 40 0 .0 30 P A 42 07 91 101 W I L K ES -B ARRE CHIL W I CK & W A S H IN GT ON S TS - 0 .3 27 0. 02 2 -0. 13 4 0 .0 24 P A 42 08 50 100 NO T IN A CI TY P A5 18 (NE WCAS TL E RO AD) &PA41 8 0. 10 4 0. 02 2 0 .3 60 0 .0 20 P A 42 09 10 013 NORRIST O W N S TATE ARMORY - 10 46 B EL VOIR RD - 0 .4 04 0. 02 6 0 .1 25 0 .0 27 P A 42 09 90 301 NO T IN A CI TY ROU TE 3 4 LI TT LE BUFFA LO S TATE P ARK - 0 .2 84 0. 02 7 -0. 44 1 0 .0 19 P A 42 10 10 014 PH ILADE LPHIA ROXYW AT E RPUMP STA E VA-DE ARNLEYS TS - 0 .7 73 0. 01 7 0 .4 30 0 .0 37 P A 42 12 50 200 W A S HI NG TON MCCARRELL AND FAYET TE S TS - 0 .0 91 0. 02 7 0 .4 44 0 .0 27 P A 42 13 30 008 YORK HIL L ST

. 0. 29 6 0. 02 1 0 .5 35 0 .0 23 RI 44 00 30 002 NO T IN A CI TY W

. AL TON JONES CAMPUS URI P ARKERFIE LD - 0 .1 66 0. 01 9 -0. 20 4 0 .0 21 VA 51 01 30 020 NO T IN A CI TY S 1 8T H AND HAYES S T - 0 .3 47 0. 02 1 -0. 10 9 0 .0 16 VA 51 04 10 004 NO T IN A CI TY BE ACH,INT ERSEC TION OF CO.ROADS 65 5 & 65 4 - 0 .4 54 0. 03 1 -0. 08 1 0 .0 28 VA 51 05 90 018 NO T IN A CI TY MT .VERNON 26 75 SHERW O OD HA LL L ANE - 0 .6 31 0. 02 0 -0. 37 7 0 .0 20 VA 51 05 95 001 MC L EAN LE W I NS VI LL E 1 43 7 B AL LS HI LL RD - 0 .3 84 0. 02 1 -0. 09 1 0 .0 21 VA 51 06 10 002 NO T IN A CI TY RT6 51 C PH EL PS W I L DL IF E MANA GEMENTARE A - 1 .2 88 0. 02 9 -1. 04 4 0 .0 23 VA 51 08 70 014 NO T IN A CI TY 2 40 1 HAR TMAN ST RE ET MAT H & S CIENCE C TR - 0 .6 45 0. 02 1 -0. 20 6 0 .0 19 VA 51 11 30 003 NO T IN A CI TY SHENANDOAH NP BIG MEADO W S - 0 .3 87 0. 02 9 -0. 31 9 0 .0 24 VA 51 16 11 004 VIN TON EA STVIN TON E LEMEN TARY SCHOO L - 0 .2 81 0. 03 6 -0. 19 9 0 .0 27 VA 51 51 00 009 A LEXANDRIA 51 7 N S AIN T A SAPH S T, A LEXANDRIA HEA LTH 0. 04 1 0. 03 1 0 .1 80 0 .0 28 VA 51 80 00 004 SUFFO LK T IDE W AT ER COMM. CO LL EGE, FREDERIC CAMPUS - 0 .8 25 0. 02 5 -0. 07 4 0 .0 28



### 9

### Table3 Raw and Met- ad justedtrends in 1-hr ozoneconcentrations overthe OTR for 1995-2005 ozonesea sons

ST AT E AI RS ID STATION LOC AT ION RAW TRENDS MET-A DJ USTED TRENDS Slop e 95% CI Slop e 95% CI (%/yr) (%/yr) C T 0 90 01 00 17 GREEN W IC H GR EEN W I CH P OIN T PAR K -0. 28 8 0. 03 3 C T 0 90 01 11 23 DANBURY T RAI LER, W

. CONNECTICU T ST AT E UNIVER SITY 0. 80 7 0. 03 7 0. 50 6 0. 03 8 C T 0 90 01 30 07 S TRATF ORD USCG L IGHTH OUSE , PROS PEC T S TRE ET - 0 .0 37 0. 03 4 -0. 39 8 0. 03 5 C T 0 90 03 10 03 EA STHART FORD MCAULIFF EE P ARK - 0 .8 43 0. 03 6 -0. 45 8 0. 01 7 C T 0 90 07 00 07 MIDDLE TO W N CONN. VA LL EYHOS P., SHE WHAL L, E AS TERN D 0. 11 1 0. 03 3 0. 06 7 0. 02 3 C T 0 90 09 30 02 MADISON HAMMONAS SETS TATE P ARK - 0 .6 10 0. 03 5 -0. 91 3 0. 04 0 C T 0 90 11 00 08 GRO TON UNIVERSI TY OF CONNEC TICU T, AVERYP OIN T - 0 .8 87 0. 04 0 -1. 02 3 0. 04 6 C T 0 90 13 10 01 S TA FFORD ROU TE 1 90 , SH ENIPS IT STAT E FORES T - 0 .2 59 0. 03 8 -0. 25 0 0. 02 8 DC 1 10 01 00 25 NO T IN A CI TY TAK OMA SC . PIN EYBRANCH RD & DAH LIA S TN - 0 .9 17 0. 05 1 -0. 45 9 0. 03 7 ME 2 30 05 20 03 CAPE EL IZAB ETH TW O LI GHT S STAT E PAR K - 1 .2 51 0. 03 7 -1. 13 5 0. 03 4 ME 2 30 31 20 02 NO T IN A CI TY OC EAN AV E/P ARSONS W A Y, K ENNEBUNKPOR T - 0 .8 28 0. 02 9 -0. 91 1 0. 02 5 MD 2 40 03 00 14 NO T IN A CI TY QU EEN ANNE AND W A YS ON RO ADS - 1 .9 87 0. 06 0 -1. 46 0 0. 05 6 MD 2 40 05 10 07 COCK EYSVIL LE GREENS IDE DRIVE COCKEYSV ILL E MD - 0 .8 04 0. 03 9 -0. 35 0 0. 02 6 MD 2 40 05 30 01 E SS EX W O O D W A RD & DORS EYRDS , ES SEX MD - 0 .3 24 0. 03 8 0. 21 3 0. 03 2 MD 2 40 13 00 01 NO T IN A CI TY 1 30 0 W

. O LD LI BERTYRO AD, W I NF IE LD ,MD - 1 .2 12 0. 03 3 -0. 69 8 0. 02 6 MD 2 40 17 00 10 NO T IN A CI TY SO MD CORREC TIONA L CAMP , HUGHESV ILL E - 1 .5 42 0. 04 5 -1. 17 1 0. 04 2 MD 2 40 25 10 01 ED GE W O O D EDGE W O OD A RMYCHEM CENT ER EDGE W O OD - 0 .7 37 0. 04 0 -0. 15 4 0. 03 8 MD 2 40 31 30 01 ROCK VIL LE LO THROP E SMI TH EN V.ED CEN TER ROC KVI LLE - 1 .8 73 0. 05 6 -1. 44 6 0. 05 0



### 10MA 2 50 01 00 02 T RURO FOX BO TT OM AREA-CAP E COD NAT'L S EA SHORE - 0 .1 52 0. 03 0 -0. 26 7 0. 03 0 MA 2 50 05 10 02 FAIRHAV EN L EROY W O O D SCHOOL - 0 .1 45 0. 02 5 -0. 26 8 0. 03 1 MA 2 50 13 00 08 CHICOPEE ANDERSON RO AD AIR FORCE B AS E 0. 27 6 0. 04 4 0. 51 5 0. 03 2 MA 2 50 15 40 02 W A R E QUAB BIN SUMMI T - 0 .2 15 0. 02 6 -0. 42 0 0. 02 2 NH 3 30 05 00 07 K EENE RA ILROAD S TR EET - 0 .1 40 0. 09 7 -0. 17 0 0. 08 9 NH 3 30 19 00 03 CLAREMON T SOU TH ST RE ET 0. 56 0 0. 09 0 0. 55 0 0. 03 3 NJ 3 40 01 00 05 NO T IN A CI TY BR IGAN TINE W I L DL IF E REFUGE,NACO TE CREEK - 2 .2 37 0. 04 1 -2. 35 4 0. 04 4 NJ 3 40 07 00 03 NO T IN A CI TY CO PE W O O D E. DAVI S S TS ; T RAI LER 0. 33 0 0. 04 4 -0. 27 8 0. 04 0 NJ 3 40 07 10 01 NO T IN A CI TY ANCORA STAT E HOSP ITAL , ANCORA - 1 .0 46 0. 02 1 -1. 29 2 0. 03 1 NJ 3 40 11 00 07 NO T IN A CI TY LINCO LN AV E.&HIGH W AY 55 ,NE OF MI LL VIL LE - 0 .6 53 0. 03 4 -0. 32 4 0. 04 5 NJ 3 40 15 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY CLARK SBORO, SHADYLANE RE STHOME - 0 .8 50 0. 02 7 -0. 90 2 0. 03 0 NJ 3 40 17 00 06 B AYONNE V ET ERANS PARK ON NE W A R K B AY - 0 .9 87 0. 03 5 -1. 19 8 0. 03 6 NJ 3 40 19 00 01 F LEMINGT ON RARITAN S TP ,RT E. 613 S, T HREE BRIDGE S - 0 .2 50 0. 02 6 -0. 35 8 0. 02 6 NJ 3 40 21 00 05 NO T IN A CI TY RIDER COL LEG E;L AW R EN CE T O W N S HI P - 0 .7 98 0. 03 5 -1. 09 8 0. 03 4 NJ 3 40 27 30 01 NO T IN A CI TY BLDG .# 1, B EL L LA BS, OFF ROU TE 5 13 - 1 .2 93 0. 04 3 -1. 49 1 0. 04 0 NY 3 60 01 00 12 AL BANY L OUDONVIL LE RE SERVO IR - 0 .0 50 0. 03 9 -0. 33 9 0. 02 1 NY 3 60 15 00 03 ELMIRA SUL LIVAN ST ., W AT E R TR . PL

. - 0 .3 12 0. 04 5 -0. 37 3 0. 04 2 NY 3 60 29 00 02 AMHERS T AUDUBON GO LF COURSE, MAPL E ROAD 1. 09 1 0. 05 0 1. 20 3 0. 04 7 NY 3 60 31 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY SUMMIT , W H I TE FAC E MTN , W E AT HE R STAT IO N - 0 .2 90 0. 02 2 -0. 05 8 0. 02 5 NY 3 60 31 00 03 NO T IN A CI TY B AS E W H I T E FA CE M TN,ASRC, SUNY - 0 .4 79 0. 04 9 -0. 70 1 0. 04 2 NY 3 60 45 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY VADA I ROAD, PERCH RIVER, BRO W N V IL LE 0. 12 2 0. 04 9 0. 04 7 0. 04 5 NY 3 60 63 10 06 NO T IN A CI TY MIDDLEPOR T S TP , NORTH HAR TL AND RD 0. 08 6 0. 03 5 0. 29 6 0. 03 1 NY 3 60 85 00 67 NE W YORK CITY SU SAN W A G N ERHS - 1 .0 31 0. 03 0 -1. 26 1 0. 04 8 NY 3 60 93 00 03 SCHENEC TADY M T.P LEA SAN T HS. 0. 18 0 0. 04 2 -0. 09 5 0. 02 8 NY 3 61 03 00 02 BA BYLON E AS T F ARMINGDALE W AT E R DIST ., GAZZA B LVD. - 0 .7 06 0. 02 4 -0. 95 8 0. 03 1 NY 3 61 03 00 04 RI VERHEAD 39 SOUND AV ENUE,RIV ERHEAD - 1 .5 90 0. 05 7 -1. 31 2 0. 03 5 NY 3 61 17 30 01 NO T IN A CI TY W A Y NE EDUCATI ONAL CEN TER, W I L L I AM SON - 1 .5 94 0. 06 0 -1. 18 4 0. 04 2 NY 3 61 19 20 04 W H I T E P LA INS W H I T E PL AINS P UMP STAT IO N,ORCHARD S T - 0 .3 52 0. 04 8 -0. 37 1 0. 04 2 P A 4 20 03 00 08 PI TT SB URGH BA PC 30 1 3 9T H ST RE ETBLD G #7 - 1 .1 14 0. 04 2 -0. 34 1 0. 04 6



### 11P A 4 20 03 00 67 NO T IN A CI TY O LD OA KDAL E ROAD SOU TH FAYE TT E - 0 .6 75 0. 05 3 -0. 11 0 0. 04 9

P A 4 20 07 00 14 B EAVER FA LLS E IGH T ST RE ETAND RIV ER AL LEY - 0 .9 68 0. 03 0 -0. 26 2 0. 03 5 P A 4 20 11 00 09 RE ADING UGI CO MONGAN TO W N RD A ND PROS PECTST - 0 .3 98 0. 04 1 -0. 31 0 0. 02 7 P A 4 20 13 08 01 AL TO ONA 2ND AV E & 7T H S T - 1 .0 96 0. 03 3 -0. 45 1 0. 03 5 P A 4 20 17 00 12 BRIS TO L (BOROUG ROCK VIE WLANE - 0 .8 86 0. 03 5 -1. 16 4 0. 03 5 P A 4 20 21 00 11 NO T IN A CI TY MI LLER AU TO SHOP 1 ME SSENG ER ST - 0 .6 81 0. 05 0 P A 4 20 43 04 01 HARRIS BURG 18 33 UPS DRIV E HARRISBURG PA - 0 .3 78 0. 05 3 -0. 19 0 0. 03 5 P A 4 20 43 11 00 HERSHEY SI PE AVE &MAE ST REE T - 0 .9 05 0. 04 1 -0. 83 9 0. 03 6 P A 4 20 45 00 02 CHEST ER FRONT ST& NORRIS ST - 0 .8 68 0. 03 7 -0. 76 2 0. 03 4 P A 4 20 69 20 06 SCRAN TON G EORGE STT ROO P AND CITY O F SCRAN TON - 0 .9 02 0. 04 2 -1. 13 1 0. 03 6 P A 4 20 71 00 07 LANCA ST ER CITY A BRAHAM LINCO LN JR HIGH GROFF TO W N RD - 0 .8 36 0. 03 8 -1. 10 1 0. 02 8 P A 4 20 73 00 15 NE W CAS TL E CROT ON ST& JEFFERS ON ST

. - 0 .6 97 0. 03 1 -0. 52 9 0. 02 9 P A 4 20 77 00 04 AL LEN TO W N STAT E HOSP ITAL REAR 1 60 0 HANOV ER AV E - 0 .5 16 0. 04 3 -0. 55 7 0. 04 2 P A 4 20 79 11 00 NAN TICO KE 25 5 L O W E R BROAD W AY - 0 .2 03 0. 04 7 -0. 37 5 0. 05 0 P A 4 20 79 11 01 W I L K ES -B ARRE CHIL W I CK & W A S H IN GT ON S TS - 0 .8 37 0. 03 8 -1. 07 6 0. 03 1 P A 4 20 85 01 00 NO T IN A CI TY P A5 18 (NE WCAS TL E RO AD) &PA41 8 - 0 .6 41 0. 03 5 -0. 51 8 0. 02 3 P A 4 20 91 00 13 NORRIST O W N S TATE ARMORY - 10 46 B EL VOIR RD - 1 .2 11 0. 04 0 -1. 09 4 0. 03 7 P A 4 20 99 03 01 NO T IN A CI TY ROU TE 3 4 LI TT LE BUFFA LO S TATE P ARK - 0 .9 37 0. 04 1 -0. 88 8 0. 03 3 P A 4 21 01 00 14 PH ILADE LPHIA ROXYW AT E RPUMP STA E VA-DE ARNLEYS TS - 1 .0 56 0. 02 7 -1. 22 3 0. 02 2 P A 4 21 01 00 24 PH ILADE LPHIA GRANT-ASH TON RO ADS PHI LA N E AIRP ORT - 0 .3 37 0. 05 4 -1. 44 2 0. 05 5 P A 4 21 25 00 05 CHARL EROI CHARL ER01 W A S T E T REATMEN T P LAN T - 1 .4 80 0. 05 2 -0. 89 2 0. 05 8 P A 4 21 25 02 00 W A S HI NG TON MCCARRELL AND FAYET TE S TS - 0 .8 76 0. 04 4 -0. 22 7 0. 04 8 P A 4 21 33 00 08 YORK HIL L ST

. 0. 32 6 0. 03 6 0. 15 9 0. 03 6 RI 4 40 03 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY W

. AL TON JONES CAMPUS URI P ARKERFIE LD 0. 04 4 0. 03 1 -0. 12 8 0. 03 2 VA 5 10 13 00 20 NO T IN A CI TY S 1 8T H AND HAYES S T - 0 .4 92 0. 03 6 VA 5 10 41 00 04 NO T IN A CI TY BE ACH,INT ERSEC TION OF CO.ROADS 65 5 & 65 4 - 1 .3 33 0. 03 9 -0. 97 2 0. 04 0 VA 5 10 59 00 18 NO T IN A CI TY MT .VERNON 26 75 SHERW O OD HA LL L ANE - 0 .6 59 0. 03 6 -0. 60 4 0. 03 7 VA 5 10 59 50 01 MC L EAN LE W I NS VI LL E 1 43 7 B AL LS HI LL RD - 0 .1 64 0. 03 9 0. 13 8 0. 03 8 VA 5 10 61 00 02 NO T IN A CI TY RT6 51 C PH EL PS W I L DL IF E MANA GEMENTARE A - 2 .0 29 0. 05 0 -1. 96 3 0. 03 0 VA 5 10 87 00 14 NO T IN A CI TY 2 40 1 HAR TMAN ST RE ET MAT H & S CIENCE C TR - 0 .8 71 0. 04 2 -0. 65 9 0. 03 6



### 12VA 5 11 13 00 03 NO T IN A CI TY SHENANDOAH NP BIG MEADO W S - 1 .4 06 0. 04 4 -1. 23 0 0. 02 9

VA 5 11 61 10 04 VIN TON EA STVIN TON E LEMEN TARY SCHOO L - 1 .1 86 0. 06 3 -1. 09 9 0. 04 3 VA 5 15 10 00 09 A LEXANDRIA 51 7 N S AIN T A SAPH S T, A LEXANDRIA HEA LTH - 0 .3 99 0. 04 8 0. 08 0 0. 03 2 VA 5 18 00 00 04 SUFFO LK T IDE W AT ER COMM. CO LL EGE, FREDERIC CAMPUS - 0 .8 22 0. 04 7 -0. 17 9 0. 04 9



### 13

### Figure 1a

14

### Figure 1b

15