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(Adopted October 3, 1980)(Amended February 1, 1985)(Amended May 5, 1989)

(Amended February 2, 1990)(Amended March 2, 1990)(Amended April 6, 1990)

(Amended June 1, 1990)(Amended November 2, 1990)(Amended December 7, 1990)

(Amended August 2, 1991)(Amended March 6, 1992)(Amended July 9, 1993)

(Amended September 8, 1995)(Amended March 8, 1996)(Amended October 8, 1999)

(Amended May 2, 2014)

RULE 1130. GRAPHIC ARTS

(a) Purpose and Applicability

The purpose of this rule is to reduce Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

emissions from graphic arts operations. This rule applies to any person 

performing graphic arts operations or who supplies, sells, offers for sale, markets, 

manufactures, blends, repackages, stores at a worksite, distributes, applies or 

solicits the application of graphic arts materials for use in the District.

(b) Definitions

For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) AEROSOL COATING PRODUCT is a pressurized coating product 

containing pigments or resins that dispenses product ingredients by means 

of a propellant, and is packaged in a disposable can for hand-held 

application, or for use in specialized equipment for ground marking and 

traffic marking applications.

(2) ALCOHOL is an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl (OH) group 

and is used in the fountain solution to reduce the surface tension and 

increase the viscosity of water to prevent piling (ink build-up). For 

purposes of this rule, alcohol includes, but is not limited to, isopropyl 

alcohol (isopropanol), n-propanol and ethanol.

(3) ALCOHOL SUBSTITUTE is an additive that contains VOCs but no 

alcohol and is used in the fountain solution to reduce the surface tension 

and increase the viscosity of water to prevent piling (ink build-up).

(4) COATING is a material which is applied to a surface in order to beautify,

protect or provide a barrier to such surface in a relatively unbroken film.

(5) CAPTURE EFFICIENCY, in percent, is the ratio of the weight of the 

VOC in the effluent stream entering the control device to the weight of 

VOC emitted from graphic arts operations, both measured simultaneously, 

and can be calculated by the following equation:

Capture Efficiency = [Wc/We] x 100
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Where: Wc = weight of VOC entering control device

We = weight of VOC emitted

(6) CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY, in percent, is the ratio of the weight 

of the VOC removed by the control device from the effluent stream 

entering the control device to the weight of the VOC in the effluent stream 

entering the control device, both measured simultaneously, and can be 

calculated by the following equation:

Control Device Efficiency = Wc

 - Wa

 Wc

 x 100

Where: Wc = Weight of VOC entering control device

Wa = Weight of VOC discharged from the control

device

(7) END-USER is a person who performs graphic arts operations.

(8) ENERGY CURABLE COATINGS, INKS AND ADHESIVES are singlecomponent reactive products that cure upon exposure to visible-light, 

ultra-violet light or to an electron beam. The VOC content of thin film 

Energy Curable Coatings, Inks And Adhesives may be determined by 

manufacturers using ASTM Test Method 7767-11 “Standard Test Method 

to Measure Volatiles from Radiation Curable Acrylate Monomers, 

Oligomers, and Blends and Thin Coatings Made from Them.”

(9) EXEMPT COMPOUNDS (See Rule 102-Definition of Terms).

(10) FACILITY is any permit unit or grouping of permit units or other aircontaminant-emitting activities which are located on one or more 

contiguous properties within the District, in actual physical contact or 

separated solely by a public roadway or other public right-of-way, and are 

owned or operated by the same person (or by persons under common 

control). Such above-described groupings, if non-contiguous, but 

connected only by land carrying a pipeline, shall not be considered one 

facility.

(11) FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING is a printing method utilizing a flexible 

rubber or other elastomeric plate in which the image area is raised relative 

to the non-image area.

(12) FLUORESCENT INK is a printing ink that emits electromagnetic 

radiation as a result of the absorption of energy from radiation.
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(13) FOUNTAIN SOLUTION is the solution used in offset lithographic 

printing which is applied to the image plate to maintain the hydrophilic 

properties of the non-image areas. It is primarily water and contains at 

least one of the following materials: etchants such as mineral salts; 

hydrophilic gums; or VOC additives to reduce the surface tension of the 

solution.

(14) GRAMS OF VOC PER LITER OF COATING (OR INK OR

ADHESIVE), LESS WATER AND LESS EXEMPT COMPOUNDS, is 

the weight of VOC per combined volume of VOC and coating (or ink or 

adhesive) solids and can be calculated by the following equation:

m w es

s w es

V - V - V

W - W - W and Less Exempt Compounds

Grams of VOC per Liter of Coating (or Ink or Adhesive), Less Water



Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds in grams

Ww = weight of water in grams

Wes = weight of exempt compounds in grams

Vm = volume of material in liters

Vw = volume of water in liters

Ves = volume of exempt compounds in liters

For coatings that contain reactive diluents, the grams of VOC per Liter of 

Coating (or ink or adhesive), Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds, 

shall be calculated by the following equation:

m w es

s w es

V - V - V

W - W - W and Less Exempt Compounds

Grams of VOC per Liter of Coating (or Ink or Adhesive),Less Water



Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds evolved during curing 

and analysis in grams

Ww = weight of water evolved during curing and analysis in 

grams

Wes = weight of exempt compounds evolved during curing 

and analysis in grams

Vm = volume of material prior to reaction in liters

Vw = volume of water evolved during curing and analysis in 

liters
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Ves = volume of exempt compounds evolved during curing 

and analysis in liters

(15) GRAMS OF VOC PER LITER OF MATERIAL is the weight of VOC per 

volume of material and can be calculated by the following equation:

m

s w es

V

W - W - W Grams of VOC per Liter of Material

Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds in grams

Ww = weight of water in grams

Wes = weight of exempt compounds in grams

Vm = volume of material in liters

(16) GRAPHIC ARTS OPERATIONS are gravure, letterpress, flexographic, 

and offset lithographic printing processes or related coating or laminating 

processes.

(17) GRAPHIC ARTS MATERIALS are any inks, coatings, or adhesives, 

including added thinners or retarders, used in printing or related coating or 

laminating processes.

(18) GRAVURE PRINTING is an intaglio printing process in which the ink is

carried in minute etched or engraved wells on a roll or cylinder, excess ink 

being removed from the surface by a doctor blade.

(19) HEATSET INK is an offset lithographic printing ink used on continuous 

web-fed printing presses that are equipped with hot air high velocity 

dryers. The ink dries or sets by heat induced evaporation of the ink oils 

and subsequent chilling of the ink by chill rolls.

(20) LAMINATION is a process of composing two or more layers of material 

to form a single, multiple-layer sheet by using an adhesive.

(21) LETTERPRESS PRINTING is a printing process in which the image area 

is raised relative to the non-image area and the ink is transferred to the 

substrate directly from the image surface.

(22) MATTE FINISH INK is a flexographic printing ink which is used on nonporous substrates in flexographic printing operations and contains at least 

five (5) percent by weight silicon dioxide flattening agent.

(23) METALLIC INK is a flexographic printing ink which is used on nonporous substrates in flexographic printing operations and contains at least 

28 percent by weight elemental metal particles.
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(24) NON-HEATSET INK is an offset lithographic printing ink that sets and 

dries by absorption into the substrate, and hardens by ambient air 

oxidation that may be accelerated by the use of infrared light sources. For 

the purposes of this definition energy curable inks are examples of nonheatset inks.

(25) NON-POROUS SUBSTRATE is a substrate whose surface prevents 

penetration by water, including but not limited to foil, polyethylene, 

polypropylene, cellophane, paper or paperboard coated with a non-porous 

material, metalized polyester, nylon, and mylar.

(26) OFFSET LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING is a planographic printing process 

in which the image and non-image areas are on the same plane of a thin 

lithographic plate and are chemically differentiated. The ink film is 

transferred from the lithographic plate to an intermediary surface, a rubber 

covered cylinder called a blanket, which, in turn, transfers the ink to the 

substrate. This printing process differs from other printing processes 

where the image is typically printed from a raised or recessed surface.

(27) OVERALL CONTROL EFFICIENCY (C.E.), in percent, is the ratio of

the weight of the VOC removed by the emission control system from the 

effluent stream entering the control device to the total VOC emitted from 

graphic arts operations, both measured simultaneously, and can be 

calculated by the following equations:

C.E. Wc- Wa

 We

 x 100 C.E. CaptureEfficiency  x ControlDevice Efficiency  100

Where: Wc = Weight of VOC entering control device

Wa = Weight of VOC discharged from the control device

We = Weight of VOC emitted

(28) PACKAGING GRAVURE is gravure printing on paper, paperboard, foil, 

film or other substrates used to produce containers or packages.

(29) POROUS SUBSTRATE is a substrate whose surface does not prevent the 

penetration by water, including but not limited to paper, paperboard, and 

any paper product that is coated with a porous material. 

(30) POTENTIAL TO EMIT is the maximum capacity of a stationary source to 

emit a regulated air pollutant based on its physical or operational design. 

Any physical or operational limitation on the capacity of the stationary 
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source to emit a pollutant, including air pollution control equipment and 

restrictions on hours of operations or on the type of material combusted, 

stored, or processed, shall be treated as part of the design only if the 

limitation is federally enforceable.

(31) PRINTING in the graphic arts is any operation that imparts color, design, 

alphabet, or numerals on a substrate.

(32) PRINTING INK is a pigmented fluid or viscous material used in printing.

(33) PROOF PRESS is a press used only to check the quality of print, color 

reproduction, and editorial content.

(34) PUBLICATION GRAVURE is gravure printing on paper subsequently 

formed into books, magazines, catalogues, brochures, directories, 

newspaper supplements or other types of printed materials not classified as 

packaging gravure.

(35) REACTIVE DILUENT is a liquid which is a VOC during application and

one in which, through chemical reaction or physical actions, such as 

adsorption or retention in the substrate, 20 percent or more of the VOC 

becomes an integral part of a finished product.

(36) REFRIGERATED CHILLER is a device that continuously maintains and 

supplies fountain solution to a holding tray at a temperature of 55 degrees 

Fahrenheit or less measured at the supply tank, thereby reducing 

evaporative emissions of VOCs in fountain solutions.

(37) SOLVENT CLEANING is as defined in Rule 1171 – Solvent Cleaning 

Operations.

(38) STERILIZATION INDICATING INKS are inks that change color to 

indicate that sterilization has occurred. Such inks are used to monitor the 

sterilization of medical instruments, autoclave efficiency, and the thermal 

processing of foods for prevention of spoilage.

(39) VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) is as defined in Rule 102 –

Definition of Terms.

(40) WEB-FED is an automatic system which supplies substrate from a 

continuous roll, or from an extrusion process.

(c) Requirements

(1) VOC Content of Graphic Arts Materials

No person shall supply, sell, offer for sale, market, manufacture, blend, 

package, repackage, distribute, apply or solicit the application of any 
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graphic arts material, including any VOC-containing materials added to 

the original graphic arts materials, for use in the District, which contains 

VOC in excess of the VOC content limits set-forth in the Table of 

Standards I below:

TABLE OF STANDARDS I

VOC CONTENT LIMITS

Grams of VOC Per Liter of Coating, Ink, and Adhesive, Less 

Water And Less Exempt Compounds

GRAPHIC ART MATERIAL Current Limit

(g/L)

Adhesive 150

Coating 300

Flexographic Fluorescent Ink 300

Flexographic Ink: Non-Porous Substrate 300

Flexographic Ink: Porous Substrate 225

Gravure Ink 300

Letterpress Ink 300

Offset Lithographic Ink 300

(2) VOC Content of Fountain Solution

(A) No person shall apply any fountain solution, including any VOCcontaining materials added to the original fountain solution for use 

in a graphic arts operation within the District unless the VOC 

content in the fountain solution, as applied, complies with the 

applicable VOC limits set-forth in the Table of Standards II below.
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TABLE OF STANDARDS II

VOC CONTENT LIMITS

Grams of VOC Per Liter of Material

FOUNTAIN SOLUTION 1/1/2000 7/1/2014

g/L g/L

Heatset Web-Fed

Using Alcohol without Refrigerated Chiller 80 16

Using Alcohol with Refrigerated Chiller 100 30

Using Alcohol Substitute 80 50

Sheet-Fed

Using Alcohol without Refrigerated Chiller 80 50

Using Alcohol with Refrigerated Chiller 100 85

Using Alcohol Substitute 80 50

Non-Heatset Web-Fed

Using Alcohol Substitute without Refrigerated Chiller

80 50

Using Alcohol Substitute with Refrigerated Chiller

(B) The use of alcohol containing fountain solutions is prohibited for 

use in non-heatset web-fed operations.

(3) Solvent Cleaning Operations; Storage and Disposal of VOC-containing 

Materials

Solvent cleaning operations and the storage and disposal of VOCcontaining materials used in cleaning operations are subject to the 

provisions of Rule 1171 - Solvent Cleaning Operations.

(4) Prohibition of Storage

Effective July 1, 2014, a person shall not store any graphic arts material at 

a worksite for use in the District which contains VOC in the excess of the 

VOC-content limits specified in paragraph (c)(1).

(5) Approved Emission Control System

A person may comply with the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) by 

using an emission control system to reduce VOC emissions provided such 

system is first approved in writing by the Executive Officer and meets the 

following requirements:
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(A) The control device reduces VOC emissions from an emissions 

collection system by at least 95 percent, by weight, or the output of 

the air pollution control device is no more than 50 PPM by volume 

calculated as carbon with no dilution; and

(B) The owner/operator demonstrates that the emission collection 

system collects at least 90 percent, by weight, of the VOC 

emissions generated by the sources of emissions.

(6) Alternative Emission Control Plan

A person may comply with the provisions of paragraphs (c)(1) or (c)(2) by 

means of an approved Alternative Emission Control Plan pursuant to Rule 

108 - Alternative Emission Control Plans.

(d) Prohibition of Specification and Sale

(1) No person shall solicit from, or require any other person to use in the 

District any graphic arts material which, when applied as supplied or 

thinned or reduced according to the manufacturer's recommendation for 

application, does not meet the applicable VOC limits in paragraph (c)(1) 

or subparagraph (i)(4)(C) for the specific application.

(2) No person shall supply, offer for sale, sell, market, blend, package, 

repackage, manufacture or distribute, to an end-user any graphic arts 

material for use in the District which, when applied as supplied or thinned 

or reduced according to the manufacturer's recommendation for 

application, does not meet the applicable VOC limits in paragraph (c)(1)

or subparagraph (i)(4)(C) for the specific application.

(3) The prohibition of sales and use as specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and 

(d)(2) shall not apply to any manufacturer of graphic arts materials, 

provided that the manufacturer has complied with the labeling 

requirements of Rule 443.1 – Labeling of Materials Containing Organic 

Solvents, and the product is not sold directly to a user located in the 

District, or the product was sold to an independent distributor or a sales 

outlet located in the District that is not a subsidiary of, or under the control 

of the manufacturer, and was informed in writing by the manufacturer 

about the compliance status of the product with Rule 1130.
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(e) Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

Records shall be maintained pursuant to Rule 109. For emissions reporting 

purposes, the following substrate retention factors shall be applied to the 

lithographic oil content of the inks: 20 percent retention for heatset inks and 95 

percent retention for non-heatset inks.

(f) Rule 442 Applicability

Any graphic arts operations exempted from all or a portion of the VOC limits of 

this rule shall comply with the provisions of Rule 442 – Usage of Solvents.

(g) Emission Reduction Credits

Facilities that use matte finish and metallic inks shall not receive emission 

reduction credit(s) pursuant to SCAQMD Rule 1309 above those emission 

reduction credit(s) that the facility would have received if it was operated with 

coatings having a VOC content of no more than 300 grams per liter, less water 

and less exempt compounds irrespective of the VOC limits specified in paragraph 

(i)(4)(C).

(h) Test Methods

(1) VOC Content of Graphic Arts Materials

The VOC content of graphic arts materials except publication rotogravure 

inks shall be determined by:

(A) United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) 

Reference Test Method 24, (Determination of Volatile Matter 

Content, Water Content, Density, Volume Solids, and Weight 

Solids of Surface Coatings, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, 

Part 60, Appendix A). The exempt compounds' content shall be 

determined by South Coast Air Quality Management’s 

(SCAQMD) Laboratory Test Method 302 (Distillation of Solvents 

from Paints, Coatings and Inks) and 303 (Determination of Exempt 

Compounds) contained in SCAQMD’s "Laboratory Methods of 

Analysis for Enforcement Samples" manual; or

(B) SCAQMD Test Method 304 [Determination of Volatile Organic 

Compounds (VOCs) in Various Materials] contained in 

SCAQMD’s "Laboratory Methods of Analysis for Enforcement 

Samples" manual.
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(2) VOC Content and Density of Publication Rotogravure Ink:

The VOC content and density of publication rotogravure inks shall be 

determined by:

(A) U.S. EPA Reference Test Method 24A, (Determination of Volatile 

Matter Content and Density of Publication Rotogravure Inks and 

Related Publication Rotogravure Coatings, Code of Federal 

Regulations Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A). The exempt 

compounds' content shall be determined by SCAQMD’s 

Laboratory Test Method 303 (Determination of Exempt 

Compounds) contained in SCAQMD’s "Laboratory Methods of 

Analysis for Enforcement Samples" manual; or

(B) SCAQMD Test Method 304 [Determination of Volatile Organic 

Compounds (VOCs) in Various Materials] contained in 

SCAQMD’s "Laboratory Methods of Analysis for Enforcement 

Samples" manual.

(3) Exempt Perfluorocarbon Compounds

The following classes of compounds: 

Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated alkanes; 

Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with no 

unsaturations; 

Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines with 

no unsaturations; and 

Sulfur-containing perfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with 

sulfur bonds only to carbon and fluorine, 

will be analyzed as exempt compounds for compliance with subdivision 

(c) and subparagraph (i)(4)(C), only when manufacturers specify which

individual compounds are used in the ink and coating formulations. In 

addition, the manufacturers must identify U.S. EPA, CARB, and 

SCAQMD approved test methods, which can be used to quantify the 

amount of each exempt compound.

(4) Determination of Efficiency of Emission Control Systems

(A) The capture efficiency of an emission control system as specified 

in paragraph (b)(5) shall be determined by the procedures 

presented in U.S. EPA technical guideline document, "Guidelines 

for Determining Capture Efficiency, January 9, 1995". 

Notwithstanding the test methods specified by the Guidelines, any 
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other method approved by the U.S. EPA, CARB and the 

SCAQMD Executive Officer may be substituted.

(B) The efficiency of the control device of the emission control system 

as specified in paragraph (b)(6) and the VOC content in the control 

device exhaust gases, measured and calculated as carbon, shall be 

determined by U.S. EPA Test Methods 25, 25A, SCAQMD 

Method 25.1 (Determination of Total Gaseous Non-Methane 

Organic Emissions as Carbon) or SCAQMD Method 25.3 

(Determination of Low Concentration Non-Methane Non-Ethane 

Organic Compound Emissions from Clean Fueled Combustion 

Sources) as applicable. U.S. EPA Test Method 18, or CARB 

Method 422 shall be used to determine emissions of exempt 

compounds.

(5) Equivalent Test Methods

Other test methods determined to be equivalent by the Executive Officer, 

CARB, and the U.S. EPA, and approved in writing by the District 

Executive Officer may also be used. 

(6) Multiple Test Methods

When more than one test method or set of test methods are specified for 

any testing, a violation of any requirement of this rule established by any 

one of the specified test methods or set of test methods shall constitute a 

violation of the rule.

(7) Test Methods Dates

All test methods referenced in this subdivision shall be the most recently 

approved version by the appropriate governmental entities.

(i) Exemptions

(1) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to:

(A) Fountain solutions used on proof presses.

(B) Coating operations subject to other rules of Regulation XI.

(C) Solar-control window film.

(D) Heat-applied transfer decals.

(E) Graphic arts on ceramic materials.

(F) Circuitry printing.

(G) Blanket repair material used in containers of four ounces or less.

(H) Sterilization indicating inks.
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(I) Aerosol coating products.

(J) Graphic arts materials that have a VOC content of no more than 10 

g/L or its equivalent, less water and less exempt compounds, as 

applied.

(2) The prohibition specified in paragraphs (d)(1) or (d)(2) shall not apply to 

persons offering graphic arts materials for sale to, selling graphic arts 

materials to, distributing graphic arts materials to, or requiring the use of 

graphic arts materials from, persons who are operating an approved 

emission control system under paragraph (c)(5), or complying under 

paragraph (c)(6), or operating pursuant to paragraphs (i)(1), (i)(4), (i)(5) or 

(i)(6).

(3) The prohibition specified in subdivision (d) shall not apply to graphic arts 

materials which will be used solely outside of the District.

(4) The provisions of paragraph (c)(1) shall not apply to metallic and matte 

finish inks provided that:

(A) The usage of matte finish or metallic inks each as supplied shall 

not exceed two (2) gallons on any one day and 125 gallons per 

calendar year at a facility; and

(B) The potential to emit and the actual VOC emissions from a facility 

which applies matte finish or metallic inks does not exceed ten 

(10) tons per calendar year from all VOC emission sources; and

(C) The VOC content of matte finish and metallic inks do not exceed 

535 and 460 grams per liter (less water and less exempt 

compounds) respectively, including any VOC containing materials 

added to the original ink, as applied; and

(D) The owner or operator of the facility certifies in writing to the 

Executive Officer that they shall not emit VOCs in excess of ten 

(10) tons per calendar year. Such a certification shall be 

considered an agreement by the facility to limit the facility's 

potential to emit.

(5) Facilities operating under the provisions of paragraph (i)(4) whose actual 

emissions exceed ten (10) tons in any calendar year shall:

(A) henceforth be subject to the requirements of paragraph (c)(1).
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(B) In addition to the requirements of subdivision (e), facilities shall 

retain records of purchase orders and invoices of VOC-containing 

materials for a minimum of five (5) years.

(6) The provision of paragraph (c)(4) shall not apply to a worksite that stores 

graphic arts materials provided such graphic arts materials are vented 

exclusively to printing systems equipped with an approved emission 

control system pursuant to the requirements of paragraph (c)(5).

(7) The provisions of paragraph (c)(1) shall not apply to postal cancellation 

inks provided the VOC emissions from these inks, at a facility, do not 

exceed 60 pounds per calendar month.

(8) The provisions of paragraph (c)(2) shall not apply to sheet-fed offset 

presses that have a sheet size no larger than 11 inches by 17 inches, or any 

offset press if the total solution reservoir capacity is one gallon or less, 

provided the VOC content of the fountain solution used contains no more 

than 80 grams per liter of material, as applied, or if using a refrigerated 

chiller, no more than 100 grams per liter of material, as applied.