Presidential Documents

75191 

Federal Register 

Vol. 88, No. 210 

Wednesday, November 1, 2023 

Title 3— 

The President 

Executive Order 14110 of October 30, 2023 

Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence 

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the 

laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: 

Section 1. Purpose. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds extraordinary potential 

for both promise and peril. Responsible AI use has the potential to help 

solve urgent challenges while making our world more prosperous, productive, 

innovative, and secure. At the same time, irresponsible use could exacerbate 

societal harms such as fraud, discrimination, bias, and disinformation; displace and disempower workers; stifle competition; and pose risks to national 

security. Harnessing AI for good and realizing its myriad benefits requires 

mitigating its substantial risks. This endeavor demands a society-wide effort 

that includes government, the private sector, academia, and civil society. 

My Administration places the highest urgency on governing the development 

and use of AI safely and responsibly, and is therefore advancing a coordinated, Federal Government-wide approach to doing so. The rapid speed 

at which AI capabilities are advancing compels the United States to lead 

in this moment for the sake of our security, economy, and society. 

In the end, AI reflects the principles of the people who build it, the people 

who use it, and the data upon which it is built. I firmly believe that 

the power of our ideals; the foundations of our society; and the creativity, 

diversity, and decency of our people are the reasons that America thrived 

in past eras of rapid change. They are the reasons we will succeed again 

in this moment. We are more than capable of harnessing AI for justice, 

security, and opportunity for all. 

Sec. 2. Policy and Principles. It is the policy of my Administration to 

advance and govern the development and use of AI in accordance with 

eight guiding principles and priorities. When undertaking the actions set 

forth in this order, executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall, 

as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, adhere to these principles, 

while, as feasible, taking into account the views of other agencies, industry, 

members of academia, civil society, labor unions, international allies and 

partners, and other relevant organizations: 

(a) Artificial Intelligence must be safe and secure. Meeting this goal requires 

robust, reliable, repeatable, and standardized evaluations of AI systems, as 

well as policies, institutions, and, as appropriate, other mechanisms to test, 

understand, and mitigate risks from these systems before they are put to 

use. It also requires addressing AI systems’ most pressing security risks— 

including with respect to biotechnology, cybersecurity, critical infrastructure, 

and other national security dangers—while navigating AI’s opacity and complexity. Testing and evaluations, including post-deployment performance 

monitoring, will help ensure that AI systems function as intended, are 

resilient against misuse or dangerous modifications, are ethically developed 

and operated in a secure manner, and are compliant with applicable Federal 

laws and policies. Finally, my Administration will help develop effective 

labeling and content provenance mechanisms, so that Americans are able 

to determine when content is generated using AI and when it is not. These 

actions will provide a vital foundation for an approach that addresses AI’s 

risks without unduly reducing its benefits. 


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(b) Promoting responsible innovation, competition, and collaboration will 

allow the United States to lead in AI and unlock the technology’s potential 

to solve some of society’s most difficult challenges. This effort requires 

investments in AI-related education, training, development, research, and 

capacity, while simultaneously tackling novel intellectual property (IP) questions and other problems to protect inventors and creators. Across the Federal 

Government, my Administration will support programs to provide Americans 

the skills they need for the age of AI and attract the world’s AI talent 

to our shores—not just to study, but to stay—so that the companies and 

technologies of the future are made in America. The Federal Government 

will promote a fair, open, and competitive ecosystem and marketplace for 

AI and related technologies so that small developers and entrepreneurs 

can continue to drive innovation. Doing so requires stopping unlawful collusion and addressing risks from dominant firms’ use of key assets such 

as semiconductors, computing power, cloud storage, and data to disadvantage 

competitors, and it requires supporting a marketplace that harnesses the 

benefits of AI to provide new opportunities for small businesses, workers, 

and entrepreneurs. 

(c) The responsible development and use of AI require a commitment 

to supporting American workers. As AI creates new jobs and industries, 

all workers need a seat at the table, including through collective bargaining, 

to ensure that they benefit from these opportunities. My Administration 

will seek to adapt job training and education to support a diverse workforce 

and help provide access to opportunities that AI creates. In the workplace 

itself, AI should not be deployed in ways that undermine rights, worsen 

job quality, encourage undue worker surveillance, lessen market competition, 

introduce new health and safety risks, or cause harmful labor-force disruptions. The critical next steps in AI development should be built on the 

views of workers, labor unions, educators, and employers to support responsible uses of AI that improve workers’ lives, positively augment human 

work, and help all people safely enjoy the gains and opportunities from 

technological innovation. 

(d) Artificial Intelligence policies must be consistent with my Administration’s dedication to advancing equity and civil rights. My Administration 

cannot—and will not—tolerate the use of AI to disadvantage those who 

are already too often denied equal opportunity and justice. From hiring 

to housing to healthcare, we have seen what happens when AI use deepens 

discrimination and bias, rather than improving quality of life. Artificial 

Intelligence systems deployed irresponsibly have reproduced and intensified 

existing inequities, caused new types of harmful discrimination, and exacerbated online and physical harms. My Administration will build on the 

important steps that have already been taken—such as issuing the Blueprint 

for an AI Bill of Rights, the AI Risk Management Framework, and Executive 

Order 14091 of February 16, 2023 (Further Advancing Racial Equity and 

Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government)— 

in seeking to ensure that AI complies with all Federal laws and to promote 

robust technical evaluations, careful oversight, engagement with affected 

communities, and rigorous regulation. It is necessary to hold those developing 

and deploying AI accountable to standards that protect against unlawful 

discrimination and abuse, including in the justice system and the Federal 

Government. Only then can Americans trust AI to advance civil rights, 

civil liberties, equity, and justice for all. 

(e) The interests of Americans who increasingly use, interact with, or 

purchase AI and AI-enabled products in their daily lives must be protected. 

Use of new technologies, such as AI, does not excuse organizations from 

their legal obligations, and hard-won consumer protections are more important than ever in moments of technological change. The Federal Government 

will enforce existing consumer protection laws and principles and enact 

appropriate safeguards against fraud, unintended bias, discrimination, infringements on privacy, and other harms from AI. Such protections are 


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especially important in critical fields like healthcare, financial services, education, housing, law, and transportation, where mistakes by or misuse of 

AI could harm patients, cost consumers or small businesses, or jeopardize 

safety or rights. At the same time, my Administration will promote responsible uses of AI that protect consumers, raise the quality of goods and 

services, lower their prices, or expand selection and availability. 

(f) Americans’ privacy and civil liberties must be protected as AI continues 

advancing. Artificial Intelligence is making it easier to extract, re-identify, 

link, infer, and act on sensitive information about people’s identities, locations, habits, and desires. Artificial Intelligence’s capabilities in these areas 

can increase the risk that personal data could be exploited and exposed. 

To combat this risk, the Federal Government will ensure that the collection, 

use, and retention of data is lawful, is secure, and mitigates privacy and 

confidentiality risks. Agencies shall use available policy and technical tools, 

including privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) where appropriate, to protect privacy and to combat the broader legal and societal risks—including 

the chilling of First Amendment rights—that result from the improper collection and use of people’s data. 

(g) It is important to manage the risks from the Federal Government’s 

own use of AI and increase its internal capacity to regulate, govern, and 

support responsible use of AI to deliver better results for Americans. These 

efforts start with people, our Nation’s greatest asset. My Administration 

will take steps to attract, retain, and develop public service-oriented AI 

professionals, including from underserved communities, across disciplines— 

including technology, policy, managerial, procurement, regulatory, ethical, 

governance, and legal fields—and ease AI professionals’ path into the Federal 

Government to help harness and govern AI. The Federal Government will 

work to ensure that all members of its workforce receive adequate training 

to understand the benefits, risks, and limitations of AI for their job functions, 

and to modernize Federal Government information technology infrastructure, 

remove bureaucratic obstacles, and ensure that safe and rights-respecting 

AI is adopted, deployed, and used. 

(h) The Federal Government should lead the way to global societal, economic, and technological progress, as the United States has in previous 

eras of disruptive innovation and change. This leadership is not measured 

solely by the technological advancements our country makes. Effective leadership also means pioneering those systems and safeguards needed to deploy 

technology responsibly—and building and promoting those safeguards with 

the rest of the world. My Administration will engage with international 

allies and partners in developing a framework to manage AI’s risks, unlock 

AI’s potential for good, and promote common approaches to shared challenges. The Federal Government will seek to promote responsible AI safety 

and security principles and actions with other nations, including our competitors, while leading key global conversations and collaborations to ensure 

that AI benefits the whole world, rather than exacerbating inequities, threatening human rights, and causing other harms. 

Sec. 3. Definitions. For purposes of this order: 

(a) The term ‘‘agency’’ means each agency described in 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), 

except for the independent regulatory agencies described in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5). 

(b) The term ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ or ‘‘AI’’ has the meaning set forth 

in 15 U.S.C. 9401(3): a machine-based system that can, for a given set 

of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments. Artificial intelligence systems 

use machine- and human-based inputs to perceive real and virtual environments; abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner; and use model inference to formulate options for information 

or action. 

(c) The term ‘‘AI model’’ means a component of an information system 

that implements AI technology and uses computational, statistical, or machine-learning techniques to produce outputs from a given set of inputs. 


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(d) The term ‘‘AI red-teaming’’ means a structured testing effort to find 

flaws and vulnerabilities in an AI system, often in a controlled environment 

and in collaboration with developers of AI. Artificial Intelligence red-teaming 

is most often performed by dedicated ‘‘red teams’’ that adopt adversarial 

methods to identify flaws and vulnerabilities, such as harmful or discriminatory outputs from an AI system, unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, 

limitations, or potential risks associated with the misuse of the system. 

(e) The term ‘‘AI system’’ means any data system, software, hardware, 

application, tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part using AI. 

(f) The term ‘‘commercially available information’’ means any information 

or data about an individual or group of individuals, including an individual’s 

or group of individuals’ device or location, that is made available or obtainable and sold, leased, or licensed to the general public or to governmental 

or non-governmental entities. 

(g) The term ‘‘crime forecasting’’ means the use of analytical techniques 

to attempt to predict future crimes or crime-related information. It can 

include machine-generated predictions that use algorithms to analyze large 

volumes of data, as well as other forecasts that are generated without machines and based on statistics, such as historical crime statistics. 

(h) The term ‘‘critical and emerging technologies’’ means those technologies 

listed in the February 2022 Critical and Emerging Technologies List Update 

issued by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), as amended 

by subsequent updates to the list issued by the NSTC. 

(i) The term ‘‘critical infrastructure’’ has the meaning set forth in section 

1016(e) of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, 42 U.S.C. 5195c(e). 

(j) The term ‘‘differential-privacy guarantee’’ means protections that allow 

information about a group to be shared while provably limiting the improper 

access, use, or disclosure of personal information about particular entities. 

(k) The term ‘‘dual-use foundation model’’ means an AI model that is 

trained on broad data; generally uses self-supervision; contains at least tens 

of billions of parameters; is applicable across a wide range of contexts; 

and that exhibits, or could be easily modified to exhibit, high levels of 

performance at tasks that pose a serious risk to security, national economic 

security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters, 

such as by: 

(i) substantially lowering the barrier of entry for non-experts to design, 

synthesize, acquire, or use chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear 

(CBRN) weapons; 

(ii) enabling powerful offensive cyber operations through automated vulnerability discovery and exploitation against a wide range of potential targets 

of cyber attacks; or 

(iii) permitting the evasion of human control or oversight through means 

of deception or obfuscation. 

Models meet this definition even if they are provided to end users with 

technical safeguards that attempt to prevent users from taking advantage 

of the relevant unsafe capabilities. 

(l) The term ‘‘Federal law enforcement agency’’ has the meaning set forth 

in section 21(a) of Executive Order 14074 of May 25, 2022 (Advancing 

Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices To Enhance 

Public Trust and Public Safety). 

(m) The term ‘‘floating-point operation’’ means any mathematical operation 

or assignment involving floating-point numbers, which are a subset of the 

real numbers typically represented on computers by an integer of fixed 

precision scaled by an integer exponent of a fixed base. 

(n) The term ‘‘foreign person’’ has the meaning set forth in section 5(c) 

of Executive Order 13984 of January 19, 2021 (Taking Additional Steps 


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To Address the National Emergency With Respect to Significant Malicious 

Cyber-Enabled Activities). 

(o) The terms ‘‘foreign reseller’’ and ‘‘foreign reseller of United States 

Infrastructure as a Service Products’’ mean a foreign person who has established an Infrastructure as a Service Account to provide Infrastructure as 

a Service Products subsequently, in whole or in part, to a third party. 

(p) The term ‘‘generative AI’’ means the class of AI models that emulate 

the structure and characteristics of input data in order to generate derived 

synthetic content. This can include images, videos, audio, text, and other 

digital content. 

(q) The terms ‘‘Infrastructure as a Service Product,’’ ‘‘United States Infrastructure as a Service Product,’’ ‘‘United States Infrastructure as a Service 

Provider,’’ and ‘‘Infrastructure as a Service Account’’ each have the respective 

meanings given to those terms in section 5 of Executive Order 13984. 

(r) The term ‘‘integer operation’’ means any mathematical operation or 

assignment involving only integers, or whole numbers expressed without 

a decimal point. 

(s) The term ‘‘Intelligence Community’’ has the meaning given to that 

term in section 3.5(h) of Executive Order 12333 of December 4, 1981 (United 

States Intelligence Activities), as amended. 

(t) The term ‘‘machine learning’’ means a set of techniques that can be 

used to train AI algorithms to improve performance at a task based on 

data. 

(u) The term ‘‘model weight’’ means a numerical parameter within an 

AI model that helps determine the model’s outputs in response to inputs. 

(v) The term ‘‘national security system’’ has the meaning set forth in 

44 U.S.C. 3552(b)(6). 

(w) The term ‘‘omics’’ means biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites, that make up a cell or cellular system. 

(x) The term ‘‘Open RAN’’ means the Open Radio Access Network approach 

to telecommunications-network standardization adopted by the O–RAN Alliance, Third Generation Partnership Project, or any similar set of published 

open standards for multi-vendor network equipment interoperability. 

(y) The term ‘‘personally identifiable information’’ has the meaning set 

forth in Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A–130. 

(z) The term ‘‘privacy-enhancing technology’’ means any software or hardware solution, technical process, technique, or other technological means 

of mitigating privacy risks arising from data processing, including by enhancing predictability, manageability, disassociability, storage, security, and confidentiality. These technological means may include secure multiparty computation, homomorphic encryption, zero-knowledge proofs, federated learning, secure enclaves, differential privacy, and synthetic-data-generation tools. 

This is also sometimes referred to as ‘‘privacy-preserving technology.’’ 

(aa) The term ‘‘privacy impact assessment’’ has the meaning set forth 

in OMB Circular No. A–130. 

(bb) The term ‘‘Sector Risk Management Agency’’ has the meaning set 

forth in 6 U.S.C. 650(23). 

(cc) The term ‘‘self-healing network’’ means a telecommunications network 

that automatically diagnoses and addresses network issues to permit selfrestoration. 

(dd) The term ‘‘synthetic biology’’ means a field of science that involves 

redesigning organisms, or the biomolecules of organisms, at the genetic 

level to give them new characteristics. Synthetic nucleic acids are a type 

of biomolecule redesigned through synthetic-biology methods. 


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(ee) The term ‘‘synthetic content’’ means information, such as images, 

videos, audio clips, and text, that has been significantly modified or generated 

by algorithms, including by AI. 

(ff) The term ‘‘testbed’’ means a facility or mechanism equipped for conducting rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of tools and technologies, 

including AI and PETs, to help evaluate the functionality, usability, and 

performance of those tools or technologies. 

(gg) The term ‘‘watermarking’’ means the act of embedding information, 

which is typically difficult to remove, into outputs created by AI—including 

into outputs such as photos, videos, audio clips, or text—for the purposes 

of verifying the authenticity of the output or the identity or characteristics 

of its provenance, modifications, or conveyance. 

Sec. 4. Ensuring the Safety and Security of AI Technology. 

4.1. Developing Guidelines, Standards, and Best Practices for AI Safety 

and Security. (a) Within 270 days of the date of this order, to help ensure 

the development of safe, secure, and trustworthy AI systems, the Secretary 

of Commerce, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, 

the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the heads of other relevant agencies 

as the Secretary of Commerce may deem appropriate, shall: 

(i) Establish guidelines and best practices, with the aim of promoting 

consensus industry standards, for developing and deploying safe, secure, 

and trustworthy AI systems, including: 

(A) developing a companion resource to the AI Risk Management Framework, NIST AI 100–1, for generative AI; 

(B) developing a companion resource to the Secure Software Development Framework to incorporate secure development practices for generative 

AI and for dual-use foundation models; and 

(C) launching an initiative to create guidance and benchmarks for evaluating and auditing AI capabilities, with a focus on capabilities through 

which AI could cause harm, such as in the areas of cybersecurity and 

biosecurity. 

(ii) Establish appropriate guidelines (except for AI used as a component 

of a national security system), including appropriate procedures and processes, to enable developers of AI, especially of dual-use foundation models, 

to conduct AI red-teaming tests to enable deployment of safe, secure, 

and trustworthy systems. These efforts shall include: 

(A) coordinating or developing guidelines related to assessing and managing the safety, security, and trustworthiness of dual-use foundation models; and 

(B) in coordination with the Secretary of Energy and the Director of 

the National Science Foundation (NSF), developing and helping to ensure 

the availability of testing environments, such as testbeds, to support the 

development of safe, secure, and trustworthy AI technologies, as well 

as to support the design, development, and deployment of associated 

PETs, consistent with section 9(b) of this order. 

(b) Within 270 days of the date of this order, to understand and mitigate 

AI security risks, the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the heads 

of other Sector Risk Management Agencies (SRMAs) as the Secretary of 

Energy may deem appropriate, shall develop and, to the extent permitted 

by law and available appropriations, implement a plan for developing the 

Department of Energy’s AI model evaluation tools and AI testbeds. The 

Secretary shall undertake this work using existing solutions where possible, 

and shall develop these tools and AI testbeds to be capable of assessing 

near-term extrapolations of AI systems’ capabilities. At a minimum, the 

Secretary shall develop tools to evaluate AI capabilities to generate outputs 

that may represent nuclear, nonproliferation, biological, chemical, critical 

infrastructure, and energy-security threats or hazards. The Secretary shall 


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do this work solely for the purposes of guarding against these threats, 

and shall also develop model guardrails that reduce such risks. The Secretary 

shall, as appropriate, consult with private AI laboratories, academia, civil 

society, and third-party evaluators, and shall use existing solutions. 

4.2. Ensuring Safe and Reliable AI. (a) Within 90 days of the date of this 

order, to ensure and verify the continuous availability of safe, reliable, 

and effective AI in accordance with the Defense Production Act, as amended, 

50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq., including for the national defense and the protection 

of critical infrastructure, the Secretary of Commerce shall require: 

(i) Companies developing or demonstrating an intent to develop potential 

dual-use foundation models to provide the Federal Government, on an 

ongoing basis, with information, reports, or records regarding the following: 

(A) any ongoing or planned activities related to training, developing, 

or producing dual-use foundation models, including the physical and 

cybersecurity protections taken to assure the integrity of that training 

process against sophisticated threats; 

(B) the ownership and possession of the model weights of any dualuse foundation models, and the physical and cybersecurity measures taken 

to protect those model weights; and 

(C) the results of any developed dual-use foundation model’s performance in relevant AI red-team testing based on guidance developed by 

NIST pursuant to subsection 4.1(a)(ii) of this section, and a description 

of any associated measures the company has taken to meet safety objectives, 

such as mitigations to improve performance on these red-team tests and 

strengthen overall model security. Prior to the development of guidance 

on red-team testing standards by NIST pursuant to subsection 4.1(a)(ii) 

of this section, this description shall include the results of any red-team 

testing that the company has conducted relating to lowering the barrier 

to entry for the development, acquisition, and use of biological weapons 

by non-state actors; the discovery of software vulnerabilities and development of associated exploits; the use of software or tools to influence 

real or virtual events; the possibility for self-replication or propagation; 

and associated measures to meet safety objectives; and 

(ii) Companies, individuals, or other organizations or entities that acquire, 

develop, or possess a potential large-scale computing cluster to report 

any such acquisition, development, or possession, including the existence 

and location of these clusters and the amount of total computing power 

available in each cluster. 

(b) The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of 

State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director 

of National Intelligence, shall define, and thereafter update as needed on 

a regular basis, the set of technical conditions for models and computing 

clusters that would be subject to the reporting requirements of subsection 

4.2(a) of this section. Until such technical conditions are defined, the Secretary shall require compliance with these reporting requirements for: 

(i) any model that was trained using a quantity of computing power 

greater than 1026 integer or floating-point operations, or using primarily 

biological sequence data and using a quantity of computing power greater 

than 1023 integer or floating-point operations; and 

(ii) any computing cluster that has a set of machines physically co-located 

in a single datacenter, transitively connected by data center networking 

of over 100 Gbit/s, and having a theoretical maximum computing capacity 

of 1020 integer or floating-point operations per second for training AI. 

(c) Because I find that additional steps must be taken to deal with the 

national emergency related to significant malicious cyber-enabled activities 

declared in Executive Order 13694 of April 1, 2015 (Blocking the Property 

of Certain Persons Engaging in Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities), as amended by Executive Order 13757 of December 28, 2016 (Taking 


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Additional Steps to Address the National Emergency With Respect to Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities), and further amended by Executive 

Order 13984, to address the use of United States Infrastructure as a Service 

(IaaS) Products by foreign malicious cyber actors, including to impose additional record-keeping obligations with respect to foreign transactions and 

to assist in the investigation of transactions involving foreign malicious 

cyber actors, I hereby direct the Secretary of Commerce, within 90 days 

of the date of this order, to: 

(i) Propose regulations that require United States IaaS Providers to submit 

a report to the Secretary of Commerce when a foreign person transacts 

with that United States IaaS Provider to train a large AI model with 

potential capabilities that could be used in malicious cyber-enabled activity 

(a ‘‘training run’’). Such reports shall include, at a minimum, the identity 

of the foreign person and the existence of any training run of an AI 

model meeting the criteria set forth in this section, or other criteria defined 

by the Secretary in regulations, as well as any additional information 

identified by the Secretary. 

(ii) Include a requirement in the regulations proposed pursuant to subsection 4.2(c)(i) of this section that United States IaaS Providers prohibit 

any foreign reseller of their United States IaaS Product from providing 

those products unless such foreign reseller submits to the United States 

IaaS Provider a report, which the United States IaaS Provider must provide 

to the Secretary of Commerce, detailing each instance in which a foreign 

person transacts with the foreign reseller to use the United States IaaS 

Product to conduct a training run described in subsection 4.2(c)(i) of 

this section. Such reports shall include, at a minimum, the information 

specified in subsection 4.2(c)(i) of this section as well as any additional 

information identified by the Secretary. 

(iii) Determine the set of technical conditions for a large AI model to 

have potential capabilities that could be used in malicious cyber-enabled 

activity, and revise that determination as necessary and appropriate. Until 

the Secretary makes such a determination, a model shall be considered 

to have potential capabilities that could be used in malicious cyber-enabled 

activity if it requires a quantity of computing power greater than 1026

integer or floating-point operations and is trained on a computing cluster 

that has a set of machines physically co-located in a single datacenter, 

transitively connected by data center networking of over 100 Gbit/s, and 

having a theoretical maximum compute capacity of 1020 integer or floatingpoint operations per second for training AI. 

(d) Within 180 days of the date of this order, pursuant to the finding 

set forth in subsection 4.2(c) of this section, the Secretary of Commerce 

shall propose regulations that require United States IaaS Providers to ensure 

that foreign resellers of United States IaaS Products verify the identity of 

any foreign person that obtains an IaaS account (account) from the foreign 

reseller. These regulations shall, at a minimum: 

(i) Set forth the minimum standards that a United States IaaS Provider 

must require of foreign resellers of its United States IaaS Products to 

verify the identity of a foreign person who opens an account or maintains 

an existing account with a foreign reseller, including: 

(A) the types of documentation and procedures that foreign resellers 

of United States IaaS Products must require to verify the identity of 

any foreign person acting as a lessee or sub-lessee of these products 

or services; 

(B) records that foreign resellers of United States IaaS Products must 

securely maintain regarding a foreign person that obtains an account, 

including information establishing: 

(1) the identity of such foreign person, including name and address; 


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(2) the means and source of payment (including any associated financial institution and other identifiers such as credit card number, account number, customer identifier, transaction identifiers, or virtual 

currency wallet or wallet address identifier); 

(3) the electronic mail address and telephonic contact information 

used to verify a foreign person’s identity; and 

(4) the internet Protocol addresses used for access or administration 

and the date and time of each such access or administrative action 

related to ongoing verification of such foreign person’s ownership of 

such an account; and 

(C) methods that foreign resellers of United States IaaS Products must 

implement to limit all third-party access to the information described 

in this subsection, except insofar as such access is otherwise consistent 

with this order and allowed under applicable law; 

(ii) Take into consideration the types of accounts maintained by foreign 

resellers of United States IaaS Products, methods of opening an account, 

and types of identifying information available to accomplish the objectives 

of identifying foreign malicious cyber actors using any such products 

and avoiding the imposition of an undue burden on such resellers; and 

(iii) Provide that the Secretary of Commerce, in accordance with such 

standards and procedures as the Secretary may delineate and in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary 

of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence, may 

exempt a United States IaaS Provider with respect to any specific foreign 

reseller of their United States IaaS Products, or with respect to any specific 

type of account or lessee, from the requirements of any regulation issued 

pursuant to this subsection. Such standards and procedures may include 

a finding by the Secretary that such foreign reseller, account, or lessee 

complies with security best practices to otherwise deter abuse of United 

States IaaS Products. 

(e) The Secretary of Commerce is hereby authorized to take such actions, 

including the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all 

powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic 

Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq., as may be necessary to carry out 

the purposes of subsections 4.2(c) and (d) of this section. Such actions 

may include a requirement that United States IaaS Providers require foreign 

resellers of United States IaaS Products to provide United States IaaS Providers verifications relative to those subsections. 

4.3. Managing AI in Critical Infrastructure and in Cybersecurity. (a) To 

ensure the protection of critical infrastructure, the following actions shall 

be taken: 

(i) Within 90 days of the date of this order, and at least annually thereafter, 

the head of each agency with relevant regulatory authority over critical 

infrastructure and the heads of relevant SRMAs, in coordination with 

the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency within 

the Department of Homeland Security for consideration of cross-sector 

risks, shall evaluate and provide to the Secretary of Homeland Security 

an assessment of potential risks related to the use of AI in critical infrastructure sectors involved, including ways in which deploying AI may make 

critical infrastructure systems more vulnerable to critical failures, physical 

attacks, and cyber attacks, and shall consider ways to mitigate these 

vulnerabilities. Independent regulatory agencies are encouraged, as they 

deem appropriate, to contribute to sector-specific risk assessments. 

(ii) Within 150 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Treasury 

shall issue a public report on best practices for financial institutions 

to manage AI-specific cybersecurity risks. 

(iii) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Homeland 

Security, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and with SRMAs 

and other regulators as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security, 

shall incorporate as appropriate the AI Risk Management Framework, NIST 


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AI 100–1, as well as other appropriate security guidance, into relevant 

safety and security guidelines for use by critical infrastructure owners 

and operators. 

(iv) Within 240 days of the completion of the guidelines described in 

subsection 4.3(a)(iii) of this section, the Assistant to the President for 

National Security Affairs and the Director of OMB, in consultation with 

the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall coordinate work by the heads 

of agencies with authority over critical infrastructure to develop and take 

steps for the Federal Government to mandate such guidelines, or appropriate portions thereof, through regulatory or other appropriate action. 

Independent regulatory agencies are encouraged, as they deem appropriate, 

to consider whether to mandate guidance through regulatory action in 

their areas of authority and responsibility. 

(v) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish an Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security Board as an advisory committee pursuant 

to section 871 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107– 

296). The Advisory Committee shall include AI experts from the private 

sector, academia, and government, as appropriate, and provide to the 

Secretary of Homeland Security and the Federal Government’s critical 

infrastructure community advice, information, or recommendations for improving security, resilience, and incident response related to AI usage 

in critical infrastructure. 

(b) To capitalize on AI’s potential to improve United States cyber defenses: 

(i) The Secretary of Defense shall carry out the actions described in subsections 4.3(b)(ii) and (iii) of this section for national security systems, 

and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall carry out these actions 

for non-national security systems. Each shall do so in consultation with 

the heads of other relevant agencies as the Secretary of Defense and 

the Secretary of Homeland Security may deem appropriate. 

(ii) As set forth in subsection 4.3(b)(i) of this section, within 180 days 

of the date of this order, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary 

of Homeland Security shall, consistent with applicable law, each develop 

plans for, conduct, and complete an operational pilot project to identify, 

develop, test, evaluate, and deploy AI capabilities, such as large-language 

models, to aid in the discovery and remediation of vulnerabilities in 

critical United States Government software, systems, and networks. 

(iii) As set forth in subsection 4.3(b)(i) of this section, within 270 days 

of the date of this order, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary 

of Homeland Security shall each provide a report to the Assistant to 

the President for National Security Affairs on the results of actions taken 

pursuant to the plans and operational pilot projects required by subsection 

4.3(b)(ii) of this section, including a description of any vulnerabilities 

found and fixed through the development and deployment of AI capabilities and any lessons learned on how to identify, develop, test, evaluate, 

and deploy AI capabilities effectively for cyber defense. 

4.4. Reducing Risks at the Intersection of AI and CBRN Threats. (a) To 

better understand and mitigate the risk of AI being misused to assist in 

the development or use of CBRN threats—with a particular focus on biological 

weapons—the following actions shall be taken: 

(i) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Homeland 

Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Director 

of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), shall evaluate 

the potential for AI to be misused to enable the development or production 

of CBRN threats, while also considering the benefits and application of 

AI to counter these threats, including, as appropriate, the results of work 

conducted under section 8(b) of this order. The Secretary of Homeland 

Security shall: 

(A) consult with experts in AI and CBRN issues from the Department 

of Energy, private AI laboratories, academia, and third-party model evaluators, as appropriate, to evaluate AI model capabilities to present CBRN 


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threats—for the sole purpose of guarding against those threats—as well 

as options for minimizing the risks of AI model misuse to generate or 

exacerbate those threats; and 

(B) submit a report to the President that describes the progress of these 

efforts, including an assessment of the types of AI models that may present 

CBRN risks to the United States, and that makes recommendations for 

regulating or overseeing the training, deployment, publication, or use of 

these models, including requirements for safety evaluations and guardrails 

for mitigating potential threats to national security. 

(ii) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Defense, 

in consultation with the Assistant to the President for National Security 

Affairs and the Director of OSTP, shall enter into a contract with the 

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct— 

and submit to the Secretary of Defense, the Assistant to the President 

for National Security Affairs, the Director of the Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy, the Director of OSTP, and the Chair 

of the Chief Data Officer Council—a study that: 

(A) assesses the ways in which AI can increase biosecurity risks, including risks from generative AI models trained on biological data, and makes 

recommendations on how to mitigate these risks; 

(B) considers the national security implications of the use of data and 

datasets, especially those associated with pathogens and omics studies, 

that the United States Government hosts, generates, funds the creation 

of, or otherwise owns, for the training of generative AI models, and makes 

recommendations on how to mitigate the risks related to the use of these 

data and datasets; 

(C) assesses the ways in which AI applied to biology can be used 

to reduce biosecurity risks, including recommendations on opportunities 

to coordinate data and high-performance computing resources; and 

(D) considers additional concerns and opportunities at the intersection 

of AI and synthetic biology that the Secretary of Defense deems appropriate. 

(b) To reduce the risk of misuse of synthetic nucleic acids, which could 

be substantially increased by AI’s capabilities in this area, and improve 

biosecurity measures for the nucleic acid synthesis industry, the following 

actions shall be taken: 

(i) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Director of OSTP, 

in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, 

the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Health 

and Human Services (HHS), the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of 

Homeland Security, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads 

of other relevant agencies as the Director of OSTP may deem appropriate, 

shall establish a framework, incorporating, as appropriate, existing United 

States Government guidance, to encourage providers of synthetic nucleic 

acid sequences to implement comprehensive, scalable, and verifiable synthetic nucleic acid procurement screening mechanisms, including standards and recommended incentives. As part of this framework, the Director 

of OSTP shall: 

(A) establish criteria and mechanisms for ongoing identification of biological sequences that could be used in a manner that would pose a 

risk to the national security of the United States; and 

(B) determine standardized methodologies and tools for conducting and 

verifying the performance of sequence synthesis procurement screening, 

including customer screening approaches to support due diligence with 

respect to managing security risks posed by purchasers of biological sequences identified in subsection 4.4(b)(i)(A) of this section, and processes 

for the reporting of concerning activity to enforcement entities. 

(ii) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Commerce, 

acting through the Director of NIST, in coordination with the Director 


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of OSTP, and in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary 

of HHS, and the heads of other relevant agencies as the Secretary of 

Commerce may deem appropriate, shall initiate an effort to engage with 

industry and relevant stakeholders, informed by the framework developed 

under subsection 4.4(b)(i) of this section, to develop and refine for possible 

use by synthetic nucleic acid sequence providers: 

(A) specifications for effective nucleic acid synthesis procurement screening; 

(B) best practices, including security and access controls, for managing 

sequence-of-concern databases to support such screening; 

(C) technical implementation guides for effective screening; and 

(D) conformity-assessment best practices and mechanisms. 

(iii) Within 180 days of the establishment of the framework pursuant 

to subsection 4.4(b)(i) of this section, all agencies that fund life-sciences 

research shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, establish 

that, as a requirement of funding, synthetic nucleic acid procurement 

is conducted through providers or manufacturers that adhere to the framework, such as through an attestation from the provider or manufacturer. 

The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and the Director 

of OSTP shall coordinate the process of reviewing such funding requirements to facilitate consistency in implementation of the framework across 

funding agencies. 

(iv) In order to facilitate effective implementation of the measures described 

in subsections 4.4(b)(i)–(iii) of this section, the Secretary of Homeland 

Security, in consultation with the heads of other relevant agencies as 

the Secretary of Homeland Security may deem appropriate, shall: 

(A) within 180 days of the establishment of the framework pursuant 

to subsection 4.4(b)(i) of this section, develop a framework to conduct 

structured evaluation and stress testing of nucleic acid synthesis procurement screening, including the systems developed in accordance with subsections 4.4(b)(i)–(ii) of this section and implemented by providers of 

synthetic nucleic acid sequences; and 

(B) following development of the framework pursuant to subsection 

4.4(b)(iv)(A) of this section, submit an annual report to the Assistant 

to the President for National Security Affairs, the Director of the Office 

of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy, and the Director of OSTP 

on any results of the activities conducted pursuant to subsection 

4.4(b)(iv)(A) of this section, including recommendations, if any, on how 

to strengthen nucleic acid synthesis procurement screening, including customer screening systems. 

4.5. Reducing the Risks Posed by Synthetic Content. To foster capabilities 

for identifying and labeling synthetic content produced by AI systems, and 

to establish the authenticity and provenance of digital content, both synthetic 

and not synthetic, produced by the Federal Government or on its behalf: 

(a) Within 240 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Commerce, 

in consultation with the heads of other relevant agencies as the Secretary 

of Commerce may deem appropriate, shall submit a report to the Director 

of OMB and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs 

identifying the existing standards, tools, methods, and practices, as well 

as the potential development of further science-backed standards and techniques, for: 

(i) authenticating content and tracking its provenance; 

(ii) labeling synthetic content, such as using watermarking; 

(iii) detecting synthetic content; 


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(iv) preventing generative AI from producing child sexual abuse material 

or producing non-consensual intimate imagery of real individuals (to include intimate digital depictions of the body or body parts of an identifiable 

individual); 

(v) testing software used for the above purposes; and 

(vi) auditing and maintaining synthetic content. 

(b) Within 180 days of submitting the report required under subsection 

4.5(a) of this section, and updated periodically thereafter, the Secretary 

of Commerce, in coordination with the Director of OMB, shall develop 

guidance regarding the existing tools and practices for digital content authentication and synthetic content detection measures. The guidance shall include 

measures for the purposes listed in subsection 4.5(a) of this section. 

(c) Within 180 days of the development of the guidance required under 

subsection 4.5(b) of this section, and updated periodically thereafter, the 

Director of OMB, in consultation with the Secretary of State; the Secretary 

of Defense; the Attorney General; the Secretary of Commerce, acting through 

the Director of NIST; the Secretary of Homeland Security; the Director of 

National Intelligence; and the heads of other agencies that the Director 

of OMB deems appropriate, shall—for the purpose of strengthening public 

confidence in the integrity of official United States Government digital content—issue guidance to agencies for labeling and authenticating such content 

that they produce or publish. 

(d) The Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council shall, as appropriate and 

consistent with applicable law, consider amending the Federal Acquisition 

Regulation to take into account the guidance established under subsection 

4.5 of this section. 

4.6. Soliciting Input on Dual-Use Foundation Models with Widely Available 

Model Weights. When the weights for a dual-use foundation model are 

widely available—such as when they are publicly posted on the internet— 

there can be substantial benefits to innovation, but also substantial security 

risks, such as the removal of safeguards within the model. To address 

the risks and potential benefits of dual-use foundation models with widely 

available weights, within 270 days of the date of this order, the Secretary 

of Commerce, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information, and in consultation with the Secretary of 

State, shall: 

(a) solicit input from the private sector, academia, civil society, and other 

stakeholders through a public consultation process on potential risks, benefits, other implications, and appropriate policy and regulatory approaches 

related to dual-use foundation models for which the model weights are 

widely available, including: 

(i) risks associated with actors fine-tuning dual-use foundation models 

for which the model weights are widely available or removing those 

models’ safeguards; 

(ii) benefits to AI innovation and research, including research into AI 

safety and risk management, of dual-use foundation models for which 

the model weights are widely available; and 

(iii) potential voluntary, regulatory, and international mechanisms to manage the risks and maximize the benefits of dual-use foundation models 

for which the model weights are widely available; and 

(b) based on input from the process described in subsection 4.6(a) of 

this section, and in consultation with the heads of other relevant agencies 

as the Secretary of Commerce deems appropriate, submit a report to the 

President on the potential benefits, risks, and implications of dual-use foundation models for which the model weights are widely available, as well 

as policy and regulatory recommendations pertaining to those models. 

4.7. Promoting Safe Release and Preventing the Malicious Use of Federal 

Data for AI Training. To improve public data access and manage security 

risks, and consistent with the objectives of the Open, Public, Electronic, 


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and Necessary Government Data Act (title II of Public Law 115–435) to 

expand public access to Federal data assets in a machine-readable format 

while also taking into account security considerations, including the risk 

that information in an individual data asset in isolation does not pose 

a security risk but, when combined with other available information, may 

pose such a risk: 

(a) within 270 days of the date of this order, the Chief Data Officer 

Council, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of 

Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, 

and the Director of National Intelligence, shall develop initial guidelines 

for performing security reviews, including reviews to identify and manage 

the potential security risks of releasing Federal data that could aid in the 

development of CBRN weapons as well as the development of autonomous 

offensive cyber capabilities, while also providing public access to Federal 

Government data in line with the goals stated in the Open, Public, Electronic, 

and Necessary Government Data Act (title II of Public Law 115–435); and 

(b) within 180 days of the development of the initial guidelines required 

by subsection 4.7(a) of this section, agencies shall conduct a security review 

of all data assets in the comprehensive data inventory required under 44 

U.S.C. 3511(a)(1) and (2)(B) and shall take steps, as appropriate and consistent 

with applicable law, to address the highest-priority potential security risks 

that releasing that data could raise with respect to CBRN weapons, such 

as the ways in which that data could be used to train AI systems. 

4.8. Directing the Development of a National Security Memorandum. To 

develop a coordinated executive branch approach to managing AI’s security 

risks, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and the 

Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy shall oversee 

an interagency process with the purpose of, within 270 days of the date 

of this order, developing and submitting a proposed National Security Memorandum on AI to the President. The memorandum shall address the governance of AI used as a component of a national security system or for military 

and intelligence purposes. The memorandum shall take into account current 

efforts to govern the development and use of AI for national security systems. 

The memorandum shall outline actions for the Department of Defense, the 

Department of State, other relevant agencies, and the Intelligence Community 

to address the national security risks and potential benefits posed by AI. 

In particular, the memorandum shall: 

(a) provide guidance to the Department of Defense, other relevant agencies, 

and the Intelligence Community on the continued adoption of AI capabilities 

to advance the United States national security mission, including through 

directing specific AI assurance and risk-management practices for national 

security uses of AI that may affect the rights or safety of United States 

persons and, in appropriate contexts, non-United States persons; and 

(b) direct continued actions, as appropriate and consistent with applicable 

law, to address the potential use of AI systems by adversaries and other 

foreign actors in ways that threaten the capabilities or objectives of the 

Department of Defense or the Intelligence Community, or that otherwise 

pose risks to the security of the United States or its allies and partners. 

Sec. 5. Promoting Innovation and Competition. 

5.1. Attracting AI Talent to the United States. (a) Within 90 days of the 

date of this order, to attract and retain talent in AI and other critical 

and emerging technologies in the United States economy, the Secretary 

of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall take appropriate 

steps to: 

(i) streamline processing times of visa petitions and applications, including 

by ensuring timely availability of visa appointments, for noncitizens who 

seek to travel to the United States to work on, study, or conduct research 

in AI or other critical and emerging technologies; and 


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(ii) facilitate continued availability of visa appointments in sufficient volume for applicants with expertise in AI or other critical and emerging 

technologies. 

(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of State 

shall: 

(i) consider initiating a rulemaking to establish new criteria to designate 

countries and skills on the Department of State’s Exchange Visitor Skills 

List as it relates to the 2-year foreign residence requirement for certain 

J–1 nonimmigrants, including those skills that are critical to the United 

States; 

(ii) consider publishing updates to the 2009 Revised Exchange Visitor 

Skills List (74 FR 20108); and 

(iii) consider implementing a domestic visa renewal program under 22 

CFR 41.111(b) to facilitate the ability of qualified applicants, including 

highly skilled talent in AI and critical and emerging technologies, to 

continue their work in the United States without unnecessary interruption. 

(c) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of State 

shall: 

(i) consider initiating a rulemaking to expand the categories of nonimmigrants who qualify for the domestic visa renewal program covered 

under 22 CFR 41.111(b) to include academic J–1 research scholars and 

F–1 students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM); 

and 

(ii) establish, to the extent permitted by law and available appropriations, 

a program to identify and attract top talent in AI and other critical and 

emerging technologies at universities, research institutions, and the private 

sector overseas, and to establish and increase connections with that talent 

to educate them on opportunities and resources for research and employment in the United States, including overseas educational components 

to inform top STEM talent of nonimmigrant and immigrant visa options 

and potential expedited adjudication of their visa petitions and applications. 

(d) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Homeland 

Security shall: 

(i) review and initiate any policy changes the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate to clarify and modernize immigration pathways 

for experts in AI and other critical and emerging technologies, including 

O–1A and EB–1 noncitizens of extraordinary ability; EB–2 advanced-degree 

holders and noncitizens of exceptional ability; and startup founders in 

AI and other critical and emerging technologies using the International 

Entrepreneur Rule; and 

(ii) continue its rulemaking process to modernize the H–1B program and 

enhance its integrity and usage, including by experts in AI and other 

critical and emerging technologies, and consider initiating a rulemaking 

to enhance the process for noncitizens, including experts in AI and other 

critical and emerging technologies and their spouses, dependents, and 

children, to adjust their status to lawful permanent resident. 

(e) Within 45 days of the date of this order, for purposes of considering 

updates to the ‘‘Schedule A’’ list of occupations, 20 CFR 656.5, the Secretary 

of Labor shall publish a request for information (RFI) to solicit public input, 

including from industry and worker-advocate communities, identifying AI 

and other STEM-related occupations, as well as additional occupations across 

the economy, for which there is an insufficient number of ready, willing, 

able, and qualified United States workers. 

(f) The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall, 

consistent with applicable law and implementing regulations, use their discretionary authorities to support and attract foreign nationals with special 

skills in AI and other critical and emerging technologies seeking to work, 

study, or conduct research in the United States. 


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(g) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Homeland 

Security, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Director of OSTP, shall develop and publish informational 

resources to better attract and retain experts in AI and other critical and 

emerging technologies, including: 

(i) a clear and comprehensive guide for experts in AI and other critical 

and emerging technologies to understand their options for working in 

the United States, to be published in multiple relevant languages on 

AI.gov; and 

(ii) a public report with relevant data on applications, petitions, approvals, 

and other key indicators of how experts in AI and other critical and 

emerging technologies have utilized the immigration system through the 

end of Fiscal Year 2023. 

5.2. Promoting Innovation. (a) To develop and strengthen public-private 

partnerships for advancing innovation, commercialization, and risk-mitigation methods for AI, and to help promote safe, responsible, fair, privacyprotecting, and trustworthy AI systems, the Director of NSF shall take the 

following steps: 

(i) Within 90 days of the date of this order, in coordination with the 

heads of agencies that the Director of NSF deems appropriate, launch 

a pilot program implementing the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR), 

consistent with past recommendations of the NAIRR Task Force. The 

program shall pursue the infrastructure, governance mechanisms, and user 

interfaces to pilot an initial integration of distributed computational, data, 

model, and training resources to be made available to the research community in support of AI-related research and development. The Director 

of NSF shall identify Federal and private sector computational, data, software, and training resources appropriate for inclusion in the NAIRR pilot 

program. To assist with such work, within 45 days of the date of this 

order, the heads of agencies whom the Director of NSF identifies for 

coordination pursuant to this subsection shall each submit to the Director 

of NSF a report identifying the agency resources that could be developed 

and integrated into such a pilot program. These reports shall include 

a description of such resources, including their current status and availability; their format, structure, or technical specifications; associated agency 

expertise that will be provided; and the benefits and risks associated 

with their inclusion in the NAIRR pilot program. The heads of independent 

regulatory agencies are encouraged to take similar steps, as they deem 

appropriate. 

(ii) Within 150 days of the date of this order, fund and launch at least 

one NSF Regional Innovation Engine that prioritizes AI-related work, such 

as AI-related research, societal, or workforce needs. 

(iii) Within 540 days of the date of this order, establish at least four 

new National AI Research Institutes, in addition to the 25 currently funded 

as of the date of this order. 

(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order, to support activities involving 

high-performance and data-intensive computing, the Secretary of Energy, 

in coordination with the Director of NSF, shall, in a manner consistent 

with applicable law and available appropriations, establish a pilot program 

to enhance existing successful training programs for scientists, with the 

goal of training 500 new researchers by 2025 capable of meeting the rising 

demand for AI talent. 

(c) To promote innovation and clarify issues related to AI and inventorship 

of patentable subject matter, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual 

Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office 

(USPTO Director) shall: 

(i) within 120 days of the date of this order, publish guidance to USPTO 

patent examiners and applicants addressing inventorship and the use of 

AI, including generative AI, in the inventive process, including illustrative 


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examples in which AI systems play different roles in inventive processes 

and how, in each example, inventorship issues ought to be analyzed; 

(ii) subsequently, within 270 days of the date of this order, issue additional 

guidance to USPTO patent examiners and applicants to address other 

considerations at the intersection of AI and IP, which could include, 

as the USPTO Director deems necessary, updated guidance on patent 

eligibility to address innovation in AI and critical and emerging technologies; and 

(iii) within 270 days of the date of this order or 180 days after the 

United States Copyright Office of the Library of Congress publishes its 

forthcoming AI study that will address copyright issues raised by AI, 

whichever comes later, consult with the Director of the United States 

Copyright Office and issue recommendations to the President on potential 

executive actions relating to copyright and AI. The recommendations shall 

address any copyright and related issues discussed in the United States 

Copyright Office’s study, including the scope of protection for works produced using AI and the treatment of copyrighted works in AI training. 

(d) Within 180 days of the date of this order, to assist developers of 

AI in combatting AI-related IP risks, the Secretary of Homeland Security, 

acting through the Director of the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center, and in consultation with the Attorney General, shall 

develop a training, analysis, and evaluation program to mitigate AI-related 

IP risks. Such a program shall: 

(i) include appropriate personnel dedicated to collecting and analyzing 

reports of AI-related IP theft, investigating such incidents with implications 

for national security, and, where appropriate and consistent with applicable 

law, pursuing related enforcement actions; 

(ii) implement a policy of sharing information and coordinating on such 

work, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, with the Federal 

Bureau of Investigation; United States Customs and Border Protection; 

other agencies; State and local agencies; and appropriate international 

organizations, including through work-sharing agreements; 

(iii) develop guidance and other appropriate resources to assist private 

sector actors with mitigating the risks of AI-related IP theft; 

(iv) share information and best practices with AI developers and law 

enforcement personnel to identify incidents, inform stakeholders of current 

legal requirements, and evaluate AI systems for IP law violations, as 

well as develop mitigation strategies and resources; and 

(v) assist the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator in updating 

the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator Joint Strategic Plan on 

Intellectual Property Enforcement to address AI-related issues. 

(e) To advance responsible AI innovation by a wide range of healthcare 

technology developers that promotes the welfare of patients and workers 

in the healthcare sector, the Secretary of HHS shall identify and, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law and the activities directed in 

section 8 of this order, prioritize grantmaking and other awards, as well 

as undertake related efforts, to support responsible AI development and 

use, including: 

(i) collaborating with appropriate private sector actors through HHS programs that may support the advancement of AI-enabled tools that develop 

personalized immune-response profiles for patients, consistent with section 

4 of this order; 

(ii) prioritizing the allocation of 2024 Leading Edge Acceleration Project 

cooperative agreement awards to initiatives that explore ways to improve 

healthcare-data quality to support the responsible development of AI tools 

for clinical care, real-world-evidence programs, population health, public 

health, and related research; and 


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(iii) accelerating grants awarded through the National Institutes of Health 

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Consortium to Advance Health 

Equity and Researcher Diversity (AIM–AHEAD) program and showcasing 

current AIM–AHEAD activities in underserved communities. 

(f) To advance the development of AI systems that improve the quality 

of veterans’ healthcare, and in order to support small businesses’ innovative 

capacity, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall: 

(i) within 365 days of the date of this order, host two 3-month nationwide 

AI Tech Sprint competitions; and 

(ii) as part of the AI Tech Sprint competitions and in collaboration with 

appropriate partners, provide participants access to technical assistance, 

mentorship opportunities, individualized expert feedback on products 

under development, potential contract opportunities, and other programming and resources. 

(g) Within 180 days of the date of this order, to support the goal of 

strengthening our Nation’s resilience against climate change impacts and 

building an equitable clean energy economy for the future, the Secretary 

of Energy, in consultation with the Chair of the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission, the Director of OSTP, the Chair of the Council on Environmental 

Quality, the Assistant to the President and National Climate Advisor, and 

the heads of other relevant agencies as the Secretary of Energy may deem 

appropriate, shall: 

(i) issue a public report describing the potential for AI to improve planning, 

permitting, investment, and operations for electric grid infrastructure and 

to enable the provision of clean, affordable, reliable, resilient, and secure 

electric power to all Americans; 

(ii) develop tools that facilitate building foundation models useful for 

basic and applied science, including models that streamline permitting 

and environmental reviews while improving environmental and social 

outcomes; 

(iii) collaborate, as appropriate, with private sector organizations and members of academia to support development of AI tools to mitigate climate 

change risks; 

(iv) take steps to expand partnerships with industry, academia, other 

agencies, and international allies and partners to utilize the Department 

of Energy’s computing capabilities and AI testbeds to build foundation 

models that support new applications in science and energy, and for 

national security, including partnerships that increase community preparedness for climate-related risks, enable clean-energy deployment (including addressing delays in permitting reviews), and enhance grid reliability and resilience; and 

(v) establish an office to coordinate development of AI and other critical 

and emerging technologies across Department of Energy programs and 

the 17 National Laboratories. 

(h) Within 180 days of the date of this order, to understand AI’s implications for scientific research, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science 

and Technology shall submit to the President and make publicly available 

a report on the potential role of AI, especially given recent developments 

in AI, in research aimed at tackling major societal and global challenges. 

The report shall include a discussion of issues that may hinder the effective 

use of AI in research and practices needed to ensure that AI is used responsibly for research. 

5.3. Promoting Competition. (a) The head of each agency developing policies 

and regulations related to AI shall use their authorities, as appropriate 

and consistent with applicable law, to promote competition in AI and related 

technologies, as well as in other markets. Such actions include addressing 

risks arising from concentrated control of key inputs, taking steps to stop 

unlawful collusion and prevent dominant firms from disadvantaging competitors, and working to provide new opportunities for small businesses and 


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entrepreneurs. In particular, the Federal Trade Commission is encouraged 

to consider, as it deems appropriate, whether to exercise the Commission’s 

existing authorities, including its rulemaking authority under the Federal 

Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. 41 et seq., to ensure fair competition 

in the AI marketplace and to ensure that consumers and workers are protected 

from harms that may be enabled by the use of AI. 

(b) To promote competition and innovation in the semiconductor industry, 

recognizing that semiconductors power AI technologies and that their availability is critical to AI competition, the Secretary of Commerce shall, in 

implementing division A of Public Law 117–167, known as the Creating 

Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) Act of 2022, promote 

competition by: 

(i) implementing a flexible membership structure for the National Semiconductor Technology Center that attracts all parts of the semiconductor 

and microelectronics ecosystem, including startups and small firms; 

(ii) implementing mentorship programs to increase interest and participation in the semiconductor industry, including from workers in underserved 

communities; 

(iii) increasing, where appropriate and to the extent permitted by law, 

the availability of resources to startups and small businesses, including: 

(A) funding for physical assets, such as specialty equipment or facilities, 

to which startups and small businesses may not otherwise have access; 

(B) datasets—potentially including test and performance data—collected, 

aggregated, or shared by CHIPS research and development programs; 

(C) workforce development programs; 

(D) design and process technology, as well as IP, as appropriate; and 

(E) other resources, including technical and intellectual property assistance, that could accelerate commercialization of new technologies by 

startups and small businesses, as appropriate; and 

(iv) considering the inclusion, to the maximum extent possible, and as 

consistent with applicable law, of competition-increasing measures in notices of funding availability for commercial research-and-development facilities focused on semiconductors, including measures that increase access 

to facility capacity for startups or small firms developing semiconductors 

used to power AI technologies. 

(c) To support small businesses innovating and commercializing AI, as 

well as in responsibly adopting and deploying AI, the Administrator of 

the Small Business Administration shall: 

(i) prioritize the allocation of Regional Innovation Cluster program funding 

for clusters that support planning activities related to the establishment 

of one or more Small Business AI Innovation and Commercialization 

Institutes that provide support, technical assistance, and other resources 

to small businesses seeking to innovate, commercialize, scale, or otherwise 

advance the development of AI; 

(ii) prioritize the allocation of up to $2 million in Growth Accelerator 

Fund Competition bonus prize funds for accelerators that support the 

incorporation or expansion of AI-related curricula, training, and technical 

assistance, or other AI-related resources within their programming; and 

(iii) assess the extent to which the eligibility criteria of existing programs, 

including the State Trade Expansion Program, Technical and Business 

Assistance funding, and capital-access programs—such as the 7(a) loan 

program, 504 loan program, and Small Business Investment Company 

(SBIC) program—support appropriate expenses by small businesses related 

to the adoption of AI and, if feasible and appropriate, revise eligibility 

criteria to improve support for these expenses. 

(d) The Administrator of the Small Business Administration, in coordination with resource partners, shall conduct outreach regarding, and raise 


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awareness of, opportunities for small businesses to use capital-access programs described in subsection 5.3(c) of this section for eligible AI-related 

purposes, and for eligible investment funds with AI-related expertise—particularly those seeking to serve or with experience serving underserved 

communities—to apply for an SBIC license. 

Sec. 6. Supporting Workers. (a) To advance the Government’s understanding 

of AI’s implications for workers, the following actions shall be taken within 

180 days of the date of this order: 

(i) The Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers shall prepare 

and submit a report to the President on the labor-market effects of AI. 

(ii) To evaluate necessary steps for the Federal Government to address 

AI-related workforce disruptions, the Secretary of Labor shall submit to 

the President a report analyzing the abilities of agencies to support workers 

displaced by the adoption of AI and other technological advancements. 

The report shall, at a minimum: 

(A) assess how current or formerly operational Federal programs designed 

to assist workers facing job disruptions—including unemployment insurance and programs authorized by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (Public Law 113–128)—could be used to respond to possible 

future AI-related disruptions; and 

(B) identify options, including potential legislative measures, to strengthen or develop additional Federal support for workers displaced by AI 

and, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary 

of Education, strengthen and expand education and training opportunities 

that provide individuals pathways to occupations related to AI. 

(b) To help ensure that AI deployed in the workplace advances employees’ 

well-being: 

(i) The Secretary of Labor shall, within 180 days of the date of this 

order and in consultation with other agencies and with outside entities, 

including labor unions and workers, as the Secretary of Labor deems 

appropriate, develop and publish principles and best practices for employers that could be used to mitigate AI’s potential harms to employees’ 

well-being and maximize its potential benefits. The principles and best 

practices shall include specific steps for employers to take with regard 

to AI, and shall cover, at a minimum: 

(A) job-displacement risks and career opportunities related to AI, including effects on job skills and evaluation of applicants and workers; 

(B) labor standards and job quality, including issues related to the 

equity, protected-activity, compensation, health, and safety implications 

of AI in the workplace; and 

(C) implications for workers of employers’ AI-related collection and 

use of data about them, including transparency, engagement, management, 

and activity protected under worker-protection laws. 

(ii) After principles and best practices are developed pursuant to subsection 

(b)(i) of this section, the heads of agencies shall consider, in consultation 

with the Secretary of Labor, encouraging the adoption of these guidelines 

in their programs to the extent appropriate for each program and consistent 

with applicable law. 

(iii) To support employees whose work is monitored or augmented by 

AI in being compensated appropriately for all of their work time, the 

Secretary of Labor shall issue guidance to make clear that employers 

that deploy AI to monitor or augment employees’ work must continue 

to comply with protections that ensure that workers are compensated 

for their hours worked, as defined under the Fair Labor Standards Act 

of 1938, 29 U.S.C. 201 et seq., and other legal requirements. 

(c) To foster a diverse AI-ready workforce, the Director of NSF shall 

prioritize available resources to support AI-related education and AI-related 


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workforce development through existing programs. The Director shall additionally consult with agencies, as appropriate, to identify further opportunities for agencies to allocate resources for those purposes. The actions by 

the Director shall use appropriate fellowship programs and awards for these 

purposes. 

Sec. 7. Advancing Equity and Civil Rights. 

7.1. Strengthening AI and Civil Rights in the Criminal Justice System. (a) 

To address unlawful discrimination and other harms that may be exacerbated 

by AI, the Attorney General shall: 

(i) consistent with Executive Order 12250 of November 2, 1980 (Leadership 

and Coordination of Nondiscrimination Laws), Executive Order 14091, 

and 28 CFR 0.50–51, coordinate with and support agencies in their implementation and enforcement of existing Federal laws to address civil rights 

and civil liberties violations and discrimination related to AI; 

(ii) direct the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Civil Rights 

Division to convene, within 90 days of the date of this order, a meeting 

of the heads of Federal civil rights offices—for which meeting the heads 

of civil rights offices within independent regulatory agencies will be encouraged to join—to discuss comprehensive use of their respective authorities and offices to: prevent and address discrimination in the use of 

automated systems, including algorithmic discrimination; increase coordination between the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division and Federal civil rights offices concerning issues related to AI and algorithmic 

discrimination; improve external stakeholder engagement to promote public 

awareness of potential discriminatory uses and effects of AI; and develop, 

as appropriate, additional training, technical assistance, guidance, or other 

resources; and 

(iii) consider providing, as appropriate and consistent with applicable 

law, guidance, technical assistance, and training to State, local, Tribal, 

and territorial investigators and prosecutors on best practices for investigating and prosecuting civil rights violations and discrimination related 

to automated systems, including AI. 

(b) To promote the equitable treatment of individuals and adhere to the 

Federal Government’s fundamental obligation to ensure fair and impartial 

justice for all, with respect to the use of AI in the criminal justice system, 

the Attorney General shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland 

Security and the Director of OSTP: 

(i) within 365 days of the date of this order, submit to the President 

a report that addresses the use of AI in the criminal justice system, 

including any use in: 

(A) sentencing; 

(B) parole, supervised release, and probation; 

(C) bail, pretrial release, and pretrial detention; 

(D) risk assessments, including pretrial, earned time, and early release 

or transfer to home-confinement determinations; 

(E) police surveillance; 

(F) crime forecasting and predictive policing, including the ingestion 

of historical crime data into AI systems to predict high-density ‘‘hot spots’’; 

(G) prison-management tools; and 

(H) forensic analysis; 

(ii) within the report set forth in subsection 7.1(b)(i) of this section: 

(A) identify areas where AI can enhance law enforcement efficiency 

and accuracy, consistent with protections for privacy, civil rights, and 

civil liberties; and 

(B) recommend best practices for law enforcement agencies, including 

safeguards and appropriate use limits for AI, to address the concerns 


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set forth in section 13(e)(i) of Executive Order 14074 as well as the 

best practices and the guidelines set forth in section 13(e)(iii) of Executive 

Order 14074; and 

(iii) supplement the report set forth in subsection 7.1(b)(i) of this section 

as appropriate with recommendations to the President, including with 

respect to requests for necessary legislation. 

(c) To advance the presence of relevant technical experts and expertise 

(such as machine-learning engineers, software and infrastructure engineering, 

data privacy experts, data scientists, and user experience researchers) among 

law enforcement professionals: 

(i) The interagency working group created pursuant to section 3 of Executive Order 14074 shall, within 180 days of the date of this order, identify 

and share best practices for recruiting and hiring law enforcement professionals who have the technical skills mentioned in subsection 7.1(c) of 

this section, and for training law enforcement professionals about responsible application of AI. 

(ii) Within 270 days of the date of this order, the Attorney General shall, 

in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, consider those 

best practices and the guidance developed under section 3(d) of Executive 

Order 14074 and, if necessary, develop additional general recommendations 

for State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies and criminal justice agencies seeking to recruit, hire, train, promote, and retain 

highly qualified and service-oriented officers and staff with relevant technical knowledge. In considering this guidance, the Attorney General shall 

consult with State, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies, 

as appropriate. 

(iii) Within 365 days of the date of this order, the Attorney General 

shall review the work conducted pursuant to section 2(b) of Executive 

Order 14074 and, if appropriate, reassess the existing capacity to investigate 

law enforcement deprivation of rights under color of law resulting from 

the use of AI, including through improving and increasing training of 

Federal law enforcement officers, their supervisors, and Federal prosecutors 

on how to investigate and prosecute cases related to AI involving the 

deprivation of rights under color of law pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 242. 

7.2. Protecting Civil Rights Related to Government Benefits and Programs. 

(a) To advance equity and civil rights, consistent with the directives of 

Executive Order 14091, and in addition to complying with the guidance 

on Federal Government use of AI issued pursuant to section 10.1(b) of 

this order, agencies shall use their respective civil rights and civil liberties 

offices and authorities—as appropriate and consistent with applicable law— 

to prevent and address unlawful discrimination and other harms that result 

from uses of AI in Federal Government programs and benefits administration. 

This directive does not apply to agencies’ civil or criminal enforcement 

authorities. Agencies shall consider opportunities to ensure that their respective civil rights and civil liberties offices are appropriately consulted on 

agency decisions regarding the design, development, acquisition, and use 

of AI in Federal Government programs and benefits administration. To further 

these objectives, agencies shall also consider opportunities to increase coordination, communication, and engagement about AI as appropriate with community-based organizations; civil-rights and civil-liberties organizations; academic institutions; industry; State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments; 

and other stakeholders. 

(b) To promote equitable administration of public benefits: 

(i) The Secretary of HHS shall, within 180 days of the date of this order 

and in consultation with relevant agencies, publish a plan, informed by 

the guidance issued pursuant to section 10.1(b) of this order, addressing 

the use of automated or algorithmic systems in the implementation by 

States and localities of public benefits and services administered by the 

Secretary, such as to promote: assessment of access to benefits by qualified 

recipients; notice to recipients about the presence of such systems; regular 


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evaluation to detect unjust denials; processes to retain appropriate levels 

of discretion of expert agency staff; processes to appeal denials to human 

reviewers; and analysis of whether algorithmic systems in use by benefit 

programs achieve equitable and just outcomes. 

(ii) The Secretary of Agriculture shall, within 180 days of the date of 

this order and as informed by the guidance issued pursuant to section 

10.1(b) of this order, issue guidance to State, local, Tribal, and territorial 

public-benefits administrators on the use of automated or algorithmic systems in implementing benefits or in providing customer support for benefit 

programs administered by the Secretary, to ensure that programs using 

those systems: 

(A) maximize program access for eligible recipients; 

(B) employ automated or algorithmic systems in a manner consistent 

with any requirements for using merit systems personnel in public-benefits 

programs; 

(C) identify instances in which reliance on automated or algorithmic 

systems would require notification by the State, local, Tribal, or territorial 

government to the Secretary; 

(D) identify instances when applicants and participants can appeal benefit determinations to a human reviewer for reconsideration and can receive 

other customer support from a human being; 

(E) enable auditing and, if necessary, remediation of the logic used 

to arrive at an individual decision or determination to facilitate the evaluation of appeals; and 

(F) enable the analysis of whether algorithmic systems in use by benefit 

programs achieve equitable outcomes. 

7.3. Strengthening AI and Civil Rights in the Broader Economy. (a) Within 

365 days of the date of this order, to prevent unlawful discrimination from 

AI used for hiring, the Secretary of Labor shall publish guidance for Federal 

contractors regarding nondiscrimination in hiring involving AI and other 

technology-based hiring systems. 

(b) To address discrimination and biases against protected groups in housing markets and consumer financial markets, the Director of the Federal 

Housing Finance Agency and the Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau are encouraged to consider using their authorities, as they 

deem appropriate, to require their respective regulated entities, where possible, to use appropriate methodologies including AI tools to ensure compliance with Federal law and: 

(i) evaluate their underwriting models for bias or disparities affecting 

protected groups; and 

(ii) evaluate automated collateral-valuation and appraisal processes in ways 

that minimize bias. 

(c) Within 180 days of the date of this order, to combat unlawful discrimination enabled by automated or algorithmic tools used to make decisions 

about access to housing and in other real estate-related transactions, the 

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall, and the Director of 

the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is encouraged to, issue additional 

guidance: 

(i) addressing the use of tenant screening systems in ways that may violate 

the Fair Housing Act (Public Law 90–284), the Fair Credit Reporting 

Act (Public Law 91–508), or other relevant Federal laws, including how 

the use of data, such as criminal records, eviction records, and credit 

information, can lead to discriminatory outcomes in violation of Federal 

law; and 

(ii) addressing how the Fair Housing Act, the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 (title X of Public Law 111–203), or the Equal Credit 

Opportunity Act (Public Law 93–495) apply to the advertising of housing, 


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credit, and other real estate-related transactions through digital platforms, 

including those that use algorithms to facilitate advertising delivery, as 

well as on best practices to avoid violations of Federal law. 

(d) To help ensure that people with disabilities benefit from AI’s promise 

while being protected from its risks, including unequal treatment from the 

use of biometric data like gaze direction, eye tracking, gait analysis, and 

hand motions, the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 

Board is encouraged, as it deems appropriate, to solicit public participation 

and conduct community engagement; to issue technical assistance and recommendations on the risks and benefits of AI in using biometric data as 

an input; and to provide people with disabilities access to information 

and communication technology and transportation services. 

Sec. 8. Protecting Consumers, Patients, Passengers, and Students. (a) Independent regulatory agencies are encouraged, as they deem appropriate, to 

consider using their full range of authorities to protect American consumers 

from fraud, discrimination, and threats to privacy and to address other 

risks that may arise from the use of AI, including risks to financial stability, 

and to consider rulemaking, as well as emphasizing or clarifying where 

existing regulations and guidance apply to AI, including clarifying the responsibility of regulated entities to conduct due diligence on and monitor any 

third-party AI services they use, and emphasizing or clarifying requirements 

and expectations related to the transparency of AI models and regulated 

entities’ ability to explain their use of AI models. 

(b) To help ensure the safe, responsible deployment and use of AI in 

the healthcare, public-health, and human-services sectors: 

(i) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of HHS shall, 

in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans 

Affairs, establish an HHS AI Task Force that shall, within 365 days of 

its creation, develop a strategic plan that includes policies and frameworks—possibly including regulatory action, as appropriate—on responsible deployment and use of AI and AI-enabled technologies in the health 

and human services sector (including research and discovery, drug and 

device safety, healthcare delivery and financing, and public health), and 

identify appropriate guidance and resources to promote that deployment, 

including in the following areas: 

(A) development, maintenance, and use of predictive and generative 

AI-enabled technologies in healthcare delivery and financing—including 

quality measurement, performance improvement, program integrity, benefits administration, and patient experience—taking into account considerations such as appropriate human oversight of the application of AIgenerated output; 

(B) long-term safety and real-world performance monitoring of AI-enabled 

technologies in the health and human services sector, including clinically 

relevant or significant modifications and performance across population 

groups, with a means to communicate product updates to regulators, developers, and users; 

(C) incorporation of equity principles in AI-enabled technologies used 

in the health and human services sector, using disaggregated data on 

affected populations and representative population data sets when developing new models, monitoring algorithmic performance against discrimination and bias in existing models, and helping to identify and mitigate 

discrimination and bias in current systems; 

(D) incorporation of safety, privacy, and security standards into the 

software-development lifecycle for protection of personally identifiable 

information, including measures to address AI-enhanced cybersecurity 

threats in the health and human services sector; 

(E) development, maintenance, and availability of documentation to help 

users determine appropriate and safe uses of AI in local settings in the 

health and human services sector; 


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(F) work to be done with State, local, Tribal, and territorial health 

and human services agencies to advance positive use cases and best practices for use of AI in local settings; and 

(G) identification of uses of AI to promote workplace efficiency and 

satisfaction in the health and human services sector, including reducing 

administrative burdens. 

(ii) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of HHS 

shall direct HHS components, as the Secretary of HHS deems appropriate, 

to develop a strategy, in consultation with relevant agencies, to determine 

whether AI-enabled technologies in the health and human services sector 

maintain appropriate levels of quality, including, as appropriate, in the 

areas described in subsection (b)(i) of this section. This work shall include 

the development of AI assurance policy—to evaluate important aspects 

of the performance of AI-enabled healthcare tools—and infrastructure needs 

for enabling pre-market assessment and post-market oversight of AI-enabled 

healthcare-technology algorithmic system performance against real-world 

data. 

(iii) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of HHS 

shall, in consultation with relevant agencies as the Secretary of HHS 

deems appropriate, consider appropriate actions to advance the prompt 

understanding of, and compliance with, Federal nondiscrimination laws 

by health and human services providers that receive Federal financial 

assistance, as well as how those laws relate to AI. Such actions may 

include: 

(A) convening and providing technical assistance to health and human 

services providers and payers about their obligations under Federal nondiscrimination and privacy laws as they relate to AI and the potential 

consequences of noncompliance; and 

(B) issuing guidance, or taking other action as appropriate, in response 

to any complaints or other reports of noncompliance with Federal nondiscrimination and privacy laws as they relate to AI. 

(iv) Within 365 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of HHS 

shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary 

of Veterans Affairs, establish an AI safety program that, in partnership 

with voluntary federally listed Patient Safety Organizations: 

(A) establishes a common framework for approaches to identifying and 

capturing clinical errors resulting from AI deployed in healthcare settings 

as well as specifications for a central tracking repository for associated 

incidents that cause harm, including through bias or discrimination, to 

patients, caregivers, or other parties; 

(B) analyzes captured data and generated evidence to develop, wherever 

appropriate, recommendations, best practices, or other informal guidelines 

aimed at avoiding these harms; and 

(C) disseminates those recommendations, best practices, or other informal 

guidance to appropriate stakeholders, including healthcare providers. 

(v) Within 365 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of HHS 

shall develop a strategy for regulating the use of AI or AI-enabled tools 

in drug-development processes. The strategy shall, at a minimum: 

(A) define the objectives, goals, and high-level principles required for 

appropriate regulation throughout each phase of drug development; 

(B) identify areas where future rulemaking, guidance, or additional statutory authority may be necessary to implement such a regulatory system; 

(C) identify the existing budget, resources, personnel, and potential for 

new public/private partnerships necessary for such a regulatory system; 

and 

(D) consider risks identified by the actions undertaken to implement 

section 4 of this order. 


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(c) To promote the safe and responsible development and use of AI in 

the transportation sector, in consultation with relevant agencies: 

(i) Within 30 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Transportation 

shall direct the Nontraditional and Emerging Transportation Technology 

(NETT) Council to assess the need for information, technical assistance, 

and guidance regarding the use of AI in transportation. The Secretary 

of Transportation shall further direct the NETT Council, as part of any 

such efforts, to: 

(A) support existing and future initiatives to pilot transportation-related 

applications of AI, as they align with policy priorities articulated in the 

Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Innovation Principles, including, 

as appropriate, through technical assistance and connecting stakeholders; 

(B) evaluate the outcomes of such pilot programs in order to assess 

when DOT, or other Federal or State agencies, have sufficient information 

to take regulatory actions, as appropriate, and recommend appropriate 

actions when that information is available; and 

(C) establish a new DOT Cross-Modal Executive Working Group, which 

will consist of members from different divisions of DOT and coordinate 

applicable work among these divisions, to solicit and use relevant input 

from appropriate stakeholders. 

(ii) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Transportation 

shall direct appropriate Federal Advisory Committees of the DOT to provide advice on the safe and responsible use of AI in transportation. The 

committees shall include the Advanced Aviation Advisory Committee, 

the Transforming Transportation Advisory Committee, and the Intelligent 

Transportation Systems Program Advisory Committee. 

(iii) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Transportation shall direct the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Infrastructure 

(ARPA–I) to explore the transportation-related opportunities and challenges 

of AI—including regarding software-defined AI enhancements impacting 

autonomous mobility ecosystems. The Secretary of Transportation shall 

further encourage ARPA–I to prioritize the allocation of grants to those 

opportunities, as appropriate. The work tasked to ARPA–I shall include 

soliciting input on these topics through a public consultation process, 

such as an RFI. 

(d) To help ensure the responsible development and deployment of AI 

in the education sector, the Secretary of Education shall, within 365 days 

of the date of this order, develop resources, policies, and guidance regarding 

AI. These resources shall address safe, responsible, and nondiscriminatory 

uses of AI in education, including the impact AI systems have on vulnerable 

and underserved communities, and shall be developed in consultation with 

stakeholders as appropriate. They shall also include the development of 

an ‘‘AI toolkit’’ for education leaders implementing recommendations from 

the Department of Education’s AI and the Future of Teaching and Learning 

report, including appropriate human review of AI decisions, designing AI 

systems to enhance trust and safety and align with privacy-related laws 

and regulations in the educational context, and developing education-specific 

guardrails. 

(e) The Federal Communications Commission is encouraged to consider 

actions related to how AI will affect communications networks and consumers, including by: 

(i) examining the potential for AI to improve spectrum management, increase the efficiency of non-Federal spectrum usage, and expand opportunities for the sharing of non-Federal spectrum; 

(ii) coordinating with the National Telecommunications and Information 

Administration to create opportunities for sharing spectrum between Federal and non-Federal spectrum operations; 


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(iii) providing support for efforts to improve network security, resiliency, 

and interoperability using next-generation technologies that incorporate 

AI, including self-healing networks, 6G, and Open RAN; and 

(iv) encouraging, including through rulemaking, efforts to combat unwanted 

robocalls and robotexts that are facilitated or exacerbated by AI and to 

deploy AI technologies that better serve consumers by blocking unwanted 

robocalls and robotexts. 

Sec. 9. Protecting Privacy. (a) To mitigate privacy risks potentially exacerbated 

by AI—including by AI’s facilitation of the collection or use of information 

about individuals, or the making of inferences about individuals—the Director 

of OMB shall: 

(i) evaluate and take steps to identify commercially available information 

(CAI) procured by agencies, particularly CAI that contains personally identifiable information and including CAI procured from data brokers and 

CAI procured and processed indirectly through vendors, in appropriate 

agency inventory and reporting processes (other than when it is used 

for the purposes of national security); 

(ii) evaluate, in consultation with the Federal Privacy Council and the 

Interagency Council on Statistical Policy, agency standards and procedures 

associated with the collection, processing, maintenance, use, sharing, dissemination, and disposition of CAI that contains personally identifiable 

information (other than when it is used for the purposes of national 

security) to inform potential guidance to agencies on ways to mitigate 

privacy and confidentiality risks from agencies’ activities related to CAI; 

(iii) within 180 days of the date of this order, in consultation with the 

Attorney General, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, 

and the Director of OSTP, issue an RFI to inform potential revisions 

to guidance to agencies on implementing the privacy provisions of the 

E-Government Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–347). The RFI shall seek 

feedback regarding how privacy impact assessments may be more effective 

at mitigating privacy risks, including those that are further exacerbated 

by AI; and 

(iv) take such steps as are necessary and appropriate, consistent with 

applicable law, to support and advance the near-term actions and longterm strategy identified through the RFI process, including issuing new 

or updated guidance or RFIs or consulting other agencies or the Federal 

Privacy Council. 

(b) Within 365 days of the date of this order, to better enable agencies 

to use PETs to safeguard Americans’ privacy from the potential threats 

exacerbated by AI, the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director 

of NIST, shall create guidelines for agencies to evaluate the efficacy of 

differential-privacy-guarantee protections, including for AI. The guidelines 

shall, at a minimum, describe the significant factors that bear on differentialprivacy safeguards and common risks to realizing differential privacy in 

practice. 

(c) To advance research, development, and implementation related to PETs: 

(i) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Director of NSF, in 

collaboration with the Secretary of Energy, shall fund the creation of 

a Research Coordination Network (RCN) dedicated to advancing privacy 

research and, in particular, the development, deployment, and scaling 

of PETs. The RCN shall serve to enable privacy researchers to share 

information, coordinate and collaborate in research, and develop standards 

for the privacy-research community. 

(ii) Within 240 days of the date of this order, the Director of NSF shall 

engage with agencies to identify ongoing work and potential opportunities 

to incorporate PETs into their operations. The Director of NSF shall, 

where feasible and appropriate, prioritize research—including efforts to 

translate research discoveries into practical applications—that encourage 

the adoption of leading-edge PETs solutions for agencies’ use, including 


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through research engagement through the RCN described in subsection 

(c)(i) of this section. 

(iii) The Director of NSF shall use the results of the United States-United 

Kingdom PETs Prize Challenge to inform the approaches taken, and opportunities identified, for PETs research and adoption. 

Sec. 10. Advancing Federal Government Use of AI. 

10.1. Providing Guidance for AI Management. (a) To coordinate the use 

of AI across the Federal Government, within 60 days of the date of this 

order and on an ongoing basis as necessary, the Director of OMB shall 

convene and chair an interagency council to coordinate the development 

and use of AI in agencies’ programs and operations, other than the use 

of AI in national security systems. The Director of OSTP shall serve as 

Vice Chair for the interagency council. The interagency council’s membership 

shall include, at minimum, the heads of the agencies identified in 31 U.S.C. 

901(b), the Director of National Intelligence, and other agencies as identified 

by the Chair. Until agencies designate their permanent Chief AI Officers 

consistent with the guidance described in subsection 10.1(b) of this section, 

they shall be represented on the interagency council by an appropriate 

official at the Assistant Secretary level or equivalent, as determined by 

the head of each agency. 

(b) To provide guidance on Federal Government use of AI, within 150 

days of the date of this order and updated periodically thereafter, the Director 

of OMB, in coordination with the Director of OSTP, and in consultation 

with the interagency council established in subsection 10.1(a) of this section, 

shall issue guidance to agencies to strengthen the effective and appropriate 

use of AI, advance AI innovation, and manage risks from AI in the Federal 

Government. The Director of OMB’s guidance shall specify, to the extent 

appropriate and consistent with applicable law: 

(i) the requirement to designate at each agency within 60 days of the 

issuance of the guidance a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer who shall 

hold primary responsibility in their agency, in coordination with other 

responsible officials, for coordinating their agency’s use of AI, promoting 

AI innovation in their agency, managing risks from their agency’s use 

of AI, and carrying out the responsibilities described in section 8(c) of 

Executive Order 13960 of December 3, 2020 (Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Government), and section 

4(b) of Executive Order 14091; 

(ii) the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers’ roles, responsibilities, seniority, position, and reporting structures; 

(iii) for the agencies identified in 31 U.S.C. 901(b), the creation of internal 

Artificial Intelligence Governance Boards, or other appropriate mechanisms, at each agency within 60 days of the issuance of the guidance 

to coordinate and govern AI issues through relevant senior leaders from 

across the agency; 

(iv) required minimum risk-management practices for Government uses 

of AI that impact people’s rights or safety, including, where appropriate, 

the following practices derived from OSTP’s Blueprint for an AI Bill 

of Rights and the NIST AI Risk Management Framework: conducting public 

consultation; assessing data quality; assessing and mitigating disparate 

impacts and algorithmic discrimination; providing notice of the use of 

AI; continuously monitoring and evaluating deployed AI; and granting 

human consideration and remedies for adverse decisions made using AI; 

(v) specific Federal Government uses of AI that are presumed by default 

to impact rights or safety; 

(vi) recommendations to agencies to reduce barriers to the responsible 

use of AI, including barriers related to information technology infrastructure, data, workforce, budgetary restrictions, and cybersecurity processes; 

(vii) requirements that agencies identified in 31 U.S.C. 901(b) develop 

AI strategies and pursue high-impact AI use cases; 


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(viii) in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of 

Homeland Security, and the heads of other appropriate agencies as determined by the Director of OMB, recommendations to agencies regarding: 

(A) external testing for AI, including AI red-teaming for generative AI, 

to be developed in coordination with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure 

Security Agency; 

(B) testing and safeguards against discriminatory, misleading, inflammatory, unsafe, or deceptive outputs, as well as against producing child 

sexual abuse material and against producing non-consensual intimate imagery of real individuals (including intimate digital depictions of the body 

or body parts of an identifiable individual), for generative AI; 

(C) reasonable steps to watermark or otherwise label output from generative AI; 

(D) application of the mandatory minimum risk-management practices 

defined under subsection 10.1(b)(iv) of this section to procured AI; 

(E) independent evaluation of vendors’ claims concerning both the effectiveness and risk mitigation of their AI offerings; 

(F) documentation and oversight of procured AI; 

(G) maximizing the value to agencies when relying on contractors to 

use and enrich Federal Government data for the purposes of AI development and operation; 

(H) provision of incentives for the continuous improvement of procured 

AI; and 

(I) training on AI in accordance with the principles set out in this 

order and in other references related to AI listed herein; and 

(ix) requirements for public reporting on compliance with this guidance. 

(c) To track agencies’ AI progress, within 60 days of the issuance of 

the guidance established in subsection 10.1(b) of this section and updated 

periodically thereafter, the Director of OMB shall develop a method for 

agencies to track and assess their ability to adopt AI into their programs 

and operations, manage its risks, and comply with Federal policy on AI. 

This method should draw on existing related efforts as appropriate and 

should address, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, the practices, processes, and capabilities necessary for responsible AI adoption, training, and governance across, at a minimum, the areas of information technology infrastructure, data, workforce, leadership, and risk management. 

(d) To assist agencies in implementing the guidance to be established 

in subsection 10.1(b) of this section: 

(i) within 90 days of the issuance of the guidance, the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of NIST, and in coordination with 

the Director of OMB and the Director of OSTP, shall develop guidelines, 

tools, and practices to support implementation of the minimum risk-management practices described in subsection 10.1(b)(iv) of this section; and 

(ii) within 180 days of the issuance of the guidance, the Director of 

OMB shall develop an initial means to ensure that agency contracts for 

the acquisition of AI systems and services align with the guidance described in subsection 10.1(b) of this section and advance the other aims 

identified in section 7224(d)(1) of the Advancing American AI Act (Public 

Law 117–263, div. G, title LXXII, subtitle B). 

(e) To improve transparency for agencies’ use of AI, the Director of OMB 

shall, on an annual basis, issue instructions to agencies for the collection, 

reporting, and publication of agency AI use cases, pursuant to section 7225(a) 

of the Advancing American AI Act. Through these instructions, the Director 

shall, as appropriate, expand agencies’ reporting on how they are managing 

risks from their AI use cases and update or replace the guidance originally 

established in section 5 of Executive Order 13960. 


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(f) To advance the responsible and secure use of generative AI in the 

Federal Government: 

(i) As generative AI products become widely available and common in 

online platforms, agencies are discouraged from imposing broad general 

bans or blocks on agency use of generative AI. Agencies should instead 

limit access, as necessary, to specific generative AI services based on 

specific risk assessments; establish guidelines and limitations on the appropriate use of generative AI; and, with appropriate safeguards in place, 

provide their personnel and programs with access to secure and reliable 

generative AI capabilities, at least for the purposes of experimentation 

and routine tasks that carry a low risk of impacting Americans’ rights. 

To protect Federal Government information, agencies are also encouraged 

to employ risk-management practices, such as training their staff on proper 

use, protection, dissemination, and disposition of Federal information; 

negotiating appropriate terms of service with vendors; implementing measures designed to ensure compliance with record-keeping, cybersecurity, 

confidentiality, privacy, and data protection requirements; and deploying 

other measures to prevent misuse of Federal Government information in 

generative AI. 

(ii) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Administrator of General 

Services, in coordination with the Director of OMB, and in consultation 

with the Federal Secure Cloud Advisory Committee and other relevant 

agencies as the Administrator of General Services may deem appropriate, 

shall develop and issue a framework for prioritizing critical and emerging 

technologies offerings in the Federal Risk and Authorization Management 

Program authorization process, starting with generative AI offerings that 

have the primary purpose of providing large language model-based chat 

interfaces, code-generation and debugging tools, and associated application 

programming interfaces, as well as prompt-based image generators. This 

framework shall apply for no less than 2 years from the date of its 

issuance. Agency Chief Information Officers, Chief Information Security 

Officers, and authorizing officials are also encouraged to prioritize generative AI and other critical and emerging technologies in granting authorities 

for agency operation of information technology systems and any other 

applicable release or oversight processes, using continuous authorizations 

and approvals wherever feasible. 

(iii) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Director of the Office 

of Personnel Management (OPM), in coordination with the Director of 

OMB, shall develop guidance on the use of generative AI for work by 

the Federal workforce. 

(g) Within 30 days of the date of this order, to increase agency investment 

in AI, the Technology Modernization Board shall consider, as it deems 

appropriate and consistent with applicable law, prioritizing funding for AI 

projects for the Technology Modernization Fund for a period of at least 

1 year. Agencies are encouraged to submit to the Technology Modernization 

Fund project funding proposals that include AI—and particularly generative 

AI—in service of mission delivery. 

(h) Within 180 days of the date of this order, to facilitate agencies’ access 

to commercial AI capabilities, the Administrator of General Services, in 

coordination with the Director of OMB, and in collaboration with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Director of National 

Intelligence, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the head of any other agency identified by the Administrator 

of General Services, shall take steps consistent with applicable law to facilitate access to Federal Government-wide acquisition solutions for specified 

types of AI services and products, such as through the creation of a resource 

guide or other tools to assist the acquisition workforce. Specified types 

of AI capabilities shall include generative AI and specialized computing 

infrastructure. 


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(i) The initial means, instructions, and guidance issued pursuant to subsections 10.1(a)–(h) of this section shall not apply to AI when it is used 

as a component of a national security system, which shall be addressed 

by the proposed National Security Memorandum described in subsection 

4.8 of this order. 

10.2. Increasing AI Talent in Government. (a) Within 45 days of the date 

of this order, to plan a national surge in AI talent in the Federal Government, 

the Director of OSTP and the Director of OMB, in consultation with the 

Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Assistant to 

the President for Economic Policy, the Assistant to the President and Domestic Policy Advisor, and the Assistant to the President and Director of the 

Gender Policy Council, shall identify priority mission areas for increased 

Federal Government AI talent, the types of talent that are highest priority 

to recruit and develop to ensure adequate implementation of this order 

and use of relevant enforcement and regulatory authorities to address AI 

risks, and accelerated hiring pathways. 

(b) Within 45 days of the date of this order, to coordinate rapid advances 

in the capacity of the Federal AI workforce, the Assistant to the President 

and Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy, in coordination with the Director 

of OSTP and the Director of OMB, and in consultation with the National 

Cyber Director, shall convene an AI and Technology Talent Task Force, 

which shall include the Director of OPM, the Director of the General Services 

Administration’s Technology Transformation Services, a representative from 

the Chief Human Capital Officers Council, the Assistant to the President 

for Presidential Personnel, members of appropriate agency technology talent 

programs, a representative of the Chief Data Officer Council, and a representative of the interagency council convened under subsection 10.1(a) of this 

section. The Task Force’s purpose shall be to accelerate and track the hiring 

of AI and AI-enabling talent across the Federal Government, including 

through the following actions: 

(i) within 180 days of the date of this order, tracking and reporting 

progress to the President on increasing AI capacity across the Federal 

Government, including submitting to the President a report and recommendations for further increasing capacity; 

(ii) identifying and circulating best practices for agencies to attract, hire, 

retain, train, and empower AI talent, including diversity, inclusion, and 

accessibility best practices, as well as to plan and budget adequately 

for AI workforce needs; 

(iii) coordinating, in consultation with the Director of OPM, the use of 

fellowship programs and agency technology-talent programs and humancapital teams to build hiring capabilities, execute hires, and place AI 

talent to fill staffing gaps; and 

(iv) convening a cross-agency forum for ongoing collaboration between 

AI professionals to share best practices and improve retention. 

(c) Within 45 days of the date of this order, to advance existing Federal 

technology talent programs, the United States Digital Service, Presidential 

Innovation Fellowship, United States Digital Corps, OPM, and technology 

talent programs at agencies, with support from the AI and Technology Talent 

Task Force described in subsection 10.2(b) of this section, as appropriate 

and permitted by law, shall develop and begin to implement plans to support 

the rapid recruitment of individuals as part of a Federal Government-wide 

AI talent surge to accelerate the placement of key AI and AI-enabling talent 

in high-priority areas and to advance agencies’ data and technology strategies. 

(d) To meet the critical hiring need for qualified personnel to execute 

the initiatives in this order, and to improve Federal hiring practices for 

AI talent, the Director of OPM, in consultation with the Director of OMB, 

shall: 

(i) within 60 days of the date of this order, conduct an evidence-based 

review on the need for hiring and workplace flexibility, including Federal 

Government-wide direct-hire authority for AI and related data-science and 


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technical roles, and, where the Director of OPM finds such authority 

is appropriate, grant it; this review shall include the following job series 

at all General Schedule (GS) levels: IT Specialist (2210), Computer Scientist 

(1550), Computer Engineer (0854), and Program Analyst (0343) focused 

on AI, and any subsequently developed job series derived from these 

job series; 

(ii) within 60 days of the date of this order, consider authorizing the 

use of excepted service appointments under 5 CFR 213.3102(i)(3) to address 

the need for hiring additional staff to implement directives of this order; 

(iii) within 90 days of the date of this order, coordinate a pooled-hiring 

action informed by subject-matter experts and using skills-based assessments to support the recruitment of AI talent across agencies; 

(iv) within 120 days of the date of this order, as appropriate and permitted 

by law, issue guidance for agency application of existing pay flexibilities 

or incentive pay programs for AI, AI-enabling, and other key technical 

positions to facilitate appropriate use of current pay incentives; 

(v) within 180 days of the date of this order, establish guidance and 

policy on skills-based, Federal Government-wide hiring of AI, data, and 

technology talent in order to increase access to those with nontraditional 

academic backgrounds to Federal AI, data, and technology roles; 

(vi) within 180 days of the date of this order, establish an interagency 

working group, staffed with both human-resources professionals and recruiting technical experts, to facilitate Federal Government-wide hiring 

of people with AI and other technical skills; 

(vii) within 180 days of the date of this order, review existing Executive 

Core Qualifications (ECQs) for Senior Executive Service (SES) positions 

informed by data and AI literacy competencies and, within 365 days 

of the date of this order, implement new ECQs as appropriate in the 

SES assessment process; 

(viii) within 180 days of the date of this order, complete a review of 

competencies for civil engineers (GS–0810 series) and, if applicable, other 

related occupations, and make recommendations for ensuring that adequate 

AI expertise and credentials in these occupations in the Federal Government reflect the increased use of AI in critical infrastructure; and 

(ix) work with the Security, Suitability, and Credentialing Performance 

Accountability Council to assess mechanisms to streamline and accelerate 

personnel-vetting requirements, as appropriate, to support AI and fields 

related to other critical and emerging technologies. 

(e) To expand the use of special authorities for AI hiring and retention, 

agencies shall use all appropriate hiring authorities, including Schedule 

A(r) excepted service hiring and direct-hire authority, as applicable and 

appropriate, to hire AI talent and AI-enabling talent rapidly. In addition 

to participating in OPM-led pooled hiring actions, agencies shall collaborate, 

where appropriate, on agency-led pooled hiring under the Competitive Service Act of 2015 (Public Law 114–137) and other shared hiring. Agencies 

shall also, where applicable, use existing incentives, pay-setting authorities, 

and other compensation flexibilities, similar to those used for cyber and 

information technology positions, for AI and data-science professionals, as 

well as plain-language job titles, to help recruit and retain these highly 

skilled professionals. Agencies shall ensure that AI and other related talent 

needs (such as technology governance and privacy) are reflected in strategic 

workforce planning and budget formulation. 

(f) To facilitate the hiring of data scientists, the Chief Data Officer Council 

shall develop a position-description library for data scientists (job series 

1560) and a hiring guide to support agencies in hiring data scientists. 

(g) To help train the Federal workforce on AI issues, the head of each 

agency shall implement—or increase the availability and use of—AI training 

and familiarization programs for employees, managers, and leadership in 


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technology as well as relevant policy, managerial, procurement, regulatory, 

ethical, governance, and legal fields. Such training programs should, for 

example, empower Federal employees, managers, and leaders to develop 

and maintain an operating knowledge of emerging AI technologies to assess 

opportunities to use these technologies to enhance the delivery of services 

to the public, and to mitigate risks associated with these technologies. Agencies that provide professional-development opportunities, grants, or funds 

for their staff should take appropriate steps to ensure that employees who 

do not serve in traditional technical roles, such as policy, managerial, procurement, or legal fields, are nonetheless eligible to receive funding for 

programs and courses that focus on AI, machine learning, data science, 

or other related subject areas. 

(h) Within 180 days of the date of this order, to address gaps in AI 

talent for national defense, the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report 

to the President through the Assistant to the President for National Security 

Affairs that includes: 

(i) recommendations to address challenges in the Department of Defense’s 

ability to hire certain noncitizens, including at the Science and Technology 

Reinvention Laboratories; 

(ii) recommendations to clarify and streamline processes for accessing 

classified information for certain noncitizens through Limited Access Authorization at Department of Defense laboratories; 

(iii) recommendations for the appropriate use of enlistment authority under 

10 U.S.C. 504(b)(2) for experts in AI and other critical and emerging 

technologies; and 

(iv) recommendations for the Department of Defense and the Department 

of Homeland Security to work together to enhance the use of appropriate 

authorities for the retention of certain noncitizens of vital importance 

to national security by the Department of Defense and the Department 

of Homeland Security. 

Sec. 11. Strengthening American Leadership Abroad. (a) To strengthen United 

States leadership of global efforts to unlock AI’s potential and meet its 

challenges, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Assistant to 

the President for National Security Affairs, the Assistant to the President 

for Economic Policy, the Director of OSTP, and the heads of other relevant 

agencies as appropriate, shall: 

(i) lead efforts outside of military and intelligence areas to expand engagements with international allies and partners in relevant bilateral, multilateral, and multi-stakeholder fora to advance those allies’ and partners’ 

understanding of existing and planned AI-related guidance and policies 

of the United States, as well as to enhance international collaboration; 

and 

(ii) lead efforts to establish a strong international framework for managing 

the risks and harnessing the benefits of AI, including by encouraging 

international allies and partners to support voluntary commitments similar 

to those that United States companies have made in pursuit of these 

objectives and coordinating the activities directed by subsections (b), (c), 

(d), and (e) of this section, and to develop common regulatory and other 

accountability principles for foreign nations, including to manage the risk 

that AI systems pose. 

(b) To advance responsible global technical standards for AI development 

and use outside of military and intelligence areas, the Secretary of Commerce, 

in coordination with the Secretary of State and the heads of other relevant 

agencies as appropriate, shall lead preparations for a coordinated effort 

with key international allies and partners and with standards development 

organizations, to drive the development and implementation of AI-related 

consensus standards, cooperation and coordination, and information sharing. 

In particular, the Secretary of Commerce shall: 


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(i) within 270 days of the date of this order, establish a plan for global 

engagement on promoting and developing AI standards, with lines of 

effort that may include: 

(A) AI nomenclature and terminology; 

(B) best practices regarding data capture, processing, protection, privacy, 

confidentiality, handling, and analysis; 

(C) trustworthiness, verification, and assurance of AI systems; and 

(D) AI risk management; 

(ii) within 180 days of the date the plan is established, submit a report 

to the President on priority actions taken pursuant to the plan; and 

(iii) ensure that such efforts are guided by principles set out in the NIST 

AI Risk Management Framework and United States Government National 

Standards Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology. 

(c) Within 365 days of the date of this order, to promote safe, responsible, 

and rights-affirming development and deployment of AI abroad: 

(i) The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States 

Agency for International Development, in coordination with the Secretary 

of Commerce, acting through the director of NIST, shall publish an AI 

in Global Development Playbook that incorporates the AI Risk Management 

Framework’s principles, guidelines, and best practices into the social, 

technical, economic, governance, human rights, and security conditions 

of contexts beyond United States borders. As part of this work, the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for 

International Development shall draw on lessons learned from programmatic uses of AI in global development. 

(ii) The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States 

Agency for International Development, in collaboration with the Secretary 

of Energy and the Director of NSF, shall develop a Global AI Research 

Agenda to guide the objectives and implementation of AI-related research 

in contexts beyond United States borders. The Agenda shall: 

(A) include principles, guidelines, priorities, and best practices aimed 

at ensuring the safe, responsible, beneficial, and sustainable global development and adoption of AI; and 

(B) address AI’s labor-market implications across international contexts, 

including by recommending risk mitigations. 

(d) To address cross-border and global AI risks to critical infrastructure, 

the Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Secretary 

of State, and in consultation with the heads of other relevant agencies 

as the Secretary of Homeland Security deems appropriate, shall lead efforts 

with international allies and partners to enhance cooperation to prevent, 

respond to, and recover from potential critical infrastructure disruptions 

resulting from incorporation of AI into critical infrastructure systems or 

malicious use of AI. 

(i) Within 270 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Homeland 

Security, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall develop a 

plan for multilateral engagements to encourage the adoption of the AI 

safety and security guidelines for use by critical infrastructure owners 

and operators developed in section 4.3(a) of this order. 

(ii) Within 180 days of establishing the plan described in subsection 

(d)(i) of this section, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit 

a report to the President on priority actions to mitigate cross-border risks 

to critical United States infrastructure. 

Sec. 12. Implementation. (a) There is established, within the Executive Office 

of the President, the White House Artificial Intelligence Council (White 

House AI Council). The function of the White House AI Council is to 

coordinate the activities of agencies across the Federal Government to ensure 

the effective formulation, development, communication, industry engagement 


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related to, and timely implementation of AI-related policies, including policies set forth in this order. 

(b) The Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy 

shall serve as Chair of the White House AI Council. 

(c) In addition to the Chair, the White House AI Council shall consist 

of the following members, or their designees: 

(i) the Secretary of State; 

(ii) the Secretary of the Treasury; 

(iii) the Secretary of Defense; 

(iv) the Attorney General; 

(v) the Secretary of Agriculture; 

(vi) the Secretary of Commerce; 

(vii) the Secretary of Labor; 

(viii) the Secretary of HHS; 

(ix) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; 

(x) the Secretary of Transportation; 

(xi) the Secretary of Energy; 

(xii) the Secretary of Education; 

(xiii) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs; 

(xiv) the Secretary of Homeland Security; 

(xv) the Administrator of the Small Business Administration; 

(xvi) the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development; 

(xvii) the Director of National Intelligence; 

(xviii) the Director of NSF; 

(xix) the Director of OMB; 

(xx) the Director of OSTP; 

(xxi) the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; 

(xxii) the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy; 

(xxiii) the Assistant to the President and Domestic Policy Advisor; 

(xxiv) the Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to the Vice President; 

(xxv) the Assistant to the President and Director of the Gender Policy 

Council; 

(xxvi) the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers; 

(xxvii) the National Cyber Director; 

(xxviii) the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; and 

(xxix) the heads of such other agencies, independent regulatory agencies, 

and executive offices as the Chair may from time to time designate or 

invite to participate. 

(d) The Chair may create and coordinate subgroups consisting of White 

House AI Council members or their designees, as appropriate. 

Sec. 13. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed 

to impair or otherwise affect: 

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, 

or the head thereof; or 

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 

relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals. 

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and 

subject to the availability of appropriations. 


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(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, 

substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party 

against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, 

employees, or agents, or any other person. 

THE WHITE HOUSE, 

October 30, 2023. 

[FR Doc. 2023–24283 

Filed 10–31–23; 11:15 am] 

Billing code 3395–F4–P 


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