a

GAO

United States General Accounting Office

Report to the Ranking Minority Member 

Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch 

Committee on Appropriations

U.S. Senate

November 2001 OLYMPIC GAMES

Costs to Plan and 

Stage the Games in the 

United States

GAO-02-140

Page i GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Contents

Letter 1

Results in Brief 4

Background 6

About $363 Million Spent to Plan and Stage the 1980 Winter Olympic 

Games in Lake Placid 6

Excluding Additional Security Requirements Brought About by the 

September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks, Planning and Staging Costs 

for the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games Are 

Estimated at $1.9 Billion 9

Total Direct Cost and Government Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los 

Angeles 12

Total Direct Cost and Government Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic 

Games in Atlanta, GA 15

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 17

Appendixes

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 20

Appendix II: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and 

Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY 24

Appendix III: Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 

Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games at Salt Lake City, 

UT 28

Appendix IV: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and 

Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, 

CA 42

Appendix V: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and 

Staging the 1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games 46

Appendix VI: Comments From the Salt Lake Organizing Committee 54

Figures Figure 1: Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related to 

Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in 

Lake Placid, NY 7

Figure 2: Federal Government’s Total Direct Cost for Projects and 

Activities Related to Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter 

Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY 8
Contents

Page ii GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Figure 3: Total Direct Cost for Planning and Staging the 2002 

Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City, 

UT 10

Figure 4: Federal Government’s Total Direct Cost for Projects and 

Activities Related to Planning and Staging the 2002 Winter 

Olympic and Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City, UT 12

Figure 5: Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related to 

Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in 

Los Angeles, CA 13

Figure 6: Federal Government’s Total Direct Cost for Projects and 

Activities Related to Planning and Staging the 1984 

Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA 14

Figure 7: Total Direct Cost for Planning and Staging the 1996 

Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Atlanta, 

GA 16

Figure 8: Federal Government’s Total Direct Cost for Projects and 

Activities Related to Planning and Staging the 1996 

Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Atlanta, 

GA 17

Abbreviations

ACOG Atlanta Committee for Olympic Games

APOC Atlanta Paralympic Organizing Committee

GSA General Services Administration

LAOOC Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee

LPOC Lake Placid Organizing Committee

OMB Office of Management and Budget

SLOC Salt Lake City Organizing Committee

USOC U.S. Olympic Committee
Page 1 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

United States General Accounting Office

Washington, D.C. 20548

A

November 8, 2001 Letr

The Honorable Robert F. Bennett 

Ranking Minority Member 

Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch

Committee on Appropriations

United States Senate

Dear Senator Bennett:

As we have reported in the past,1

 the federal government has provided and 

continues to provide significant funding and support to help plan and stage 

the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games2

 when held in the United States. 

To place such government support in perspective, you requested that we 

answer the following questions: 

• What is the total direct cost of planning and staging the Olympic Games 

and Paralympic Games held in the United States and in other countries 

that have hosted the Games since 1980? 

• What is the total amount of direct funding and support3

 provided by the 

various levels of government within the United States and in other 

countries for these events? 

• How much of the federal funding and support was specifically 

designated by Congress4

 for Olympic-related purposes or approved by 

the federal agencies and provided through their normal funding 

procedures for each of the Games held in the United States? 

• How does the total cost of the various Games compare with the various 

domestic and foreign governments’ share of the cost? 

• How do the government-sponsored Olympic-related projects and 

activities compare among the various Games? 

1

Olympic Games: Federal Government Provides Significant Funding and Support 

(GAO/GGD-00-183, Sept. 8, 2000).

2

The Paralympic Games are for disabled athletes and, when held, are held immediately 

following the Olympic Games. 

3

For the purpose of this report, “direct funding and support” means the funding and support 

that would not have been provided were it not for the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

4

These are federal funds and support identified for a specific Olympic-related purpose, as 

described in appropriations acts or committee reports accompanying those acts.
Page 2 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

To meet your immediate need for information, we agreed to respond to 

these questions in two separate reports. This report addresses the first 

three questions listed above, as they pertain to the Olympic and Paralympic 

Games held in the United States. Specifically, this report identifies the 

reported total direct cost of planning and staging the Winter Olympic 

Games held in 1980 at Lake Placid, NY;5

 the Winter Olympic Games and 

Paralympic Games planned for 2002 at Salt Lake City, UT; the Summer 

Olympic Games held in 1984 at Los Angeles, CA;6

 and the Summer Olympic 

Games and Paralympic Games held in 1996 at Atlanta, GA. This report also 

identifies, to the maximum extent possible, total direct government funding 

and support at the local, state, and federal levels in the United States for 

each of these games. Additionally, this report focuses on how the direct 

federal funding and support were used, and it identifies all of the reported 

federally sponsored projects and activities for each of the Games. Finally, 

this report identifies the federal funding and support specifically 

designated by Congress for Olympic-related purposes for each of the 

Games in the United States and the amount of federal funding and support 

approved by the federal agencies and provided through their normal 

funding procedures.

The second report will update the information presented herein and will 

respond to the last two questions you asked regarding the Games discussed 

in this report. Additionally, the second report will address all of your 

questions regarding the Olympic Winter Games held in 1988 at Calgary, 

Canada; and in 1994 at Lillehammer, Norway; the Olympic Summer Games 

held in 1992 at Barcelona, Spain; and in 2000 at Sydney, Australia. The 

second report will be issued in 2002.

5

The Paralympic Games were not a part of the 1980 Olympic Winter Games.

6

The Paralympic Games were not a part of the 1984 Olympic Summer Games.
Page 3 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Because there is no central source for all of the information you requested, 

we obtained cost data reported by the principal parties that funded and 

supported these events.7

 These parties included (1) applicable Olympic 

Games Organizing Committees, which are private organizations 

established by the host cities to plan and stage the Games; (2) state and 

local governments associated with the designated host cities for the 

Games; and (3) federal government agencies, through their various 

programs and activities. Our primary sources of information included (1) 

the Salt Lake City Organizing Committee (SLOC) officials, who are 

currently responsible for planning and staging the Games planned for 2002 

at Salt Lake City, UT; (2) California and Utah state and local government 

officials, who are cognizant of their respective state and local governments’ 

funding and support for the Games; and (3) federal officials at the Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB) and 24 other federal agencies that 

provided funding and support for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The 

effort to identify federal funding and support was aided considerably by 

OMB’s implementation of our past recommendation to provide a 

consolidated report of federal agency funding and support for the Olympic 

Games. Specifically, the President’s 2002 Budget listed for the first time all 

federal Olympic spending in one table and identified the federal agencies 

and the amounts spent or planned to be spent for the 2002 Games in Salt 

Lake City.8

 We began with these listed agencies and obtained the necessary 

supporting information to verify or update their reported figures. 

Additionally, we relied upon other previously published information, 

including that reported (1) by us on federal funding and support and the 

7

At the time of this review, federal, state, and local government and SLOC officials were 

reviewing their security-related concerns in light of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 

2001, to determine whether additional federal funding and support would be needed to meet 

any additional security requirements. As reported to us by October 25, 2001, the General 

Services Administration requested $800,000; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of 

Inspector General, requested $344,000; Department of Justice requested $1,378,000; and 

Department of Defense requested $30 million for additional security requirements. But to 

date, only $20 million of Defense’s request had been approved. The SLOC finance director 

told us that SLOC currently did not plan on requesting additional federal funding or support. 

The Utah Public Safety Command Director told us that the Command planned to request an 

additional $4.5 million in federal funding and additional military support to assist in local 

public safety activities. Because other federal agencies’ plans were still under review and 

not all of the requests had been approved, we did not include these additional costs or 

government funding and support associated with the September 11, 2001, attacks in this 

report. The second report will include all reported approved additional costs. 

8

The President’s Budget as presented for Fiscal Year 2002 Analytical Perspectives, Budget 

of the United States Government, Executive Office of the President of the United States.
Page 4 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

types of government-sponsored projects and activities for the 1984 Olympic 

and 1996 Olympic and Paralympic Games; (2) by Olympic Organizing 

Committees following the 1984 Olympic and 1996 Olympic and Paralympic 

Games, which reported the amount of the private-sector costs for each of 

the Games; and (3) by various federal agencies, congressional committees, 

and the Congressional Research Service, since 1980. We reviewed these 

reports and, to the extent possible, obtained and examined available 

supporting documentation, but we did not independently verify the data. 

We conducted our review from August 2001 to October 2001, in accordance 

with generally accepted government auditing standards. A more detailed 

description of our scope and methodology is included in appendix I.

Results in Brief Since 1980, the Winter and Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games hosted 

in the United States have increased in size and magnitude, as have the total 

direct costs to plan and stage the Games. According to federal and 

organizing committee officials, these costs were greatly affected by such 

factors as the type and size of the Games. Also, the Paralympic Games, 

when held in conjunction with the Olympic Games, increased the total 

costs of planning and staging the Games. The reported total direct costs to 

plan and stage the Games discussed in this report ranged from a low of 

$363 million, in 2001 dollars, for the 1980 Winter Olympic Games held in 

Lake Placid, NY, to a high of more than $2.4 billion for the 1996 Summer 

Olympic Games held in Atlanta, GA.9

Correspondingly, since 1980, the amount of funding and support provided 

by governments at the local, state, and federal levels has also increased. 

Based on the information available, state and local government funding of 

the direct costs for planning and staging the Games ranged from what was 

termed as a minimal amount (by the former Los Angeles Olympic 

Organizing Committee (LAOOC) Vice-President for Government Relations) 

for the 1984 Games at Los Angeles to a maximum of about $225 million (12 

percent of the total cost) for the planned 2002 Games at Salt Lake City. The 

reported total amount of direct federal government funding and support for 

these Games ranged from a low of about $78 million of the total direct cost 

for the 1984 Games to a high of about $342 million of the total direct cost 

for the planned 2002 Games. However, we also noted that although the 

total dollar amount of federal funding and support has increased since 

9

All financial information presented in this report is in constant 2001 dollars.
Page 5 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

1980, the total federal share of the reported total direct costs to plan and 

stage the Games has actually decreased. For example, the federal share of 

the total direct costs to plan and stage the 1980 Winter Olympic Games at 

Lake Placid was about 50 percent of the total direct costs, whereas the 

federal share for the planned 2002 Winter Olympic Games at Salt Lake City 

is currently estimated at 18 percent of the total direct costs. Similarly, the 

federal share of the 1984 Summer Olympic Games at Los Angeles was 

about 11 percent, whereas the federal share of the total direct cost for the 

1996 Summer Olympic Games at Atlanta was 8 percent.

Generally, federal funding and support for the total direct costs of each of 

these Olympic Games was either specifically designated by Congress or 

approved by the federal agencies and provided through their normal 

funding procedures. Specifically, Congress designated $96 million (53 

percent of the federal funding and support) toward the 1980 Winter Games; 

$206 million (59 percent of the federal funding and support) toward the 

planned 2002 Winter Games; $76 million (98 percent of the federal funding 

and support) for the 1984 Summer Games; and $86 million (45 percent of 

the federal funding and support) toward the 1996 Summer Games. The 

remaining amounts of federal funding and support, as mentioned above, for 

each of the Games were approved by the federal agencies and were 

provided through the agencies’ normal funding procedures. With the 

exception of the 1980 Games, where the largest share of the direct federal 

funding and support (71 percent) was used to build and construct venues 

for sporting events and housing for athletes and coaches, the largest 

federal share for the other three Games was used or is expected to be used 

principally to provide safety- and security-related services—95 percent for 

the 1984 Games, 52 percent for the 1996 Games, and 54 percent for the 

planned 2002 Games.10

10As mentioned earlier, the total amount to be spent for security-related purposes at the 2002 

Games will increase as a result of the September 11, 2001, attacks.
Page 6 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Background The Olympic Games take place every 4 years, with the Winter and Summer 

Games alternating on a 2-year cycle. The Ted Stevens Olympic and 

Amateur Sports Act (Amateur Sports Act), 36 U.S.C.§ 220501 et seq., which 

was originally enacted in 1978 as the Amateur Sports Act, gives the U.S. 

Olympic Committee (USOC) exclusive jurisdiction over all matters 

pertaining to the participation of the United States in the Olympic Games, 

including the representation of the United States in such Games and the 

organization of the Games when held in the United States.11 The Amateur 

Sports Act was amended in 1998 to incorporate the Paralympic Games 

under the umbrella of USOC. Although organized separately, the 1996 

Summer Olympic Games marked the first time the Paralympic Games were 

held in conjunction with the Olympic Games in the United States. On May 

27, 1997, SLOC was awarded the rights to host the 2002 Winter Paralympic 

Games. 

About $363 Million 

Spent to Plan and Stage 

the 1980 Winter 

Olympic Games in 

Lake Placid 

Lake Placid, NY, a small village with a population of 3,500 at the time, 

served as the host city for the Winter Olympic Games in 1980. According to 

information compiled by a USOC official, 1,072 athletes from 37 countries 

participated in 38 skiing, skating, and sledding events at 6 venue locations 

for an audience of 517,000 people. At that time, the Paralympic Games were 

not held in conjunction with the Olympic Games. According to a 

Department of Commerce report following the Games, and as shown in 

figure 1, about $363 million was spent on planning and staging these 

Games.12 The Lake Placid Organizing Committee (LPOC) funded about 

$121 million (33 percent) of the total cost. The State of New York provided 

about $63 million (17 percent) for building and constructing venues, such 

as the alpine, cross-country, and biathlon skiing facilities in the Lake Placid 

area. In addition, the federal government provided about $179 million (50 

percent) in funding and support. According to the Department of 

Commerce report, of the $179 million in federal funding and support, 

Congress specifically designated about $96 million for Olympic-related 

projects, and the remaining approximately $83 million was approved and 

provided through the normal funding procedures of the departments of 

11USOC is a federally chartered private organization that is primarily responsible for 

coordinating and developing amateur athletic activities in the United States.

12Final Report: Olympic Winter Games Authorization Act of 1976, September 1, 1980, to 

December 31, 1982, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration.
Page 7 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Defense, Transportation, Commerce, Energy, the Interior, and Justice. 

Collectively, the departments of Commerce and the Interior provided about 

$102 million (57 percent) of the total federal expenditures. 

Figure 1: Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related to Planning and 

Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration.

As shown in figure 2, federal funding and support for the Games, or about 

$127 million (71 percent of the federal share), was used for venue 

construction (37 percent) and housing for the athletes (34 percent). 

Specifically, the federal government helped finance the ski jumps, speed 

skating oval, skating arena, winter sports arena, luge run, parking facilities, 

dressing rooms, and storage facilities. The federal government also 

provided housing and infrastructure support projects for the athletes, 

trainers, and coaches, such as the temporary and permanent buildings 

erected on a 55-acre site near Lake Placid used to house the athletes 

participating in the Games. These facilities were also used for security 

operations. The remaining direct federal funding and support were used 

for safety- and security–related activities, which accounted for about $23 

million (13 percent); transportation projects, such as highway, airport, and 
Page 8 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

railway improvements, which accounted for about $16 million (9 percent); 

and staging-and-operations activities during the Olympic events, which 

accounted for about $13 million (7 percent). Appendix II lists the specific 

federally sponsored Olympic-related projects and activities and the 

amounts of federal funding and support for each.

Figure 2: Federal Government’s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related 

to Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration.
Page 9 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Excluding Additional 

Security Requirements 

Brought About by the 

September 11, 2001, 

Terrorist Attacks, 

Planning and Staging 

Costs for the 2002 

Winter Olympic and 

Paralympic Games Are 

Estimated at $1.9 

Billion

In February 2002, according to SLOC officials, Salt Lake City will become 

the largest city to host the Winter Olympic Games and will also become the 

host of the largest Winter Olympic Games held to date. SLOC officials 

expect that this city, with a population of approximately 1.5 million people, 

will host 3,500 Olympic athletes participating in 70 sporting events at 10 

venues. Additionally, SLOC officials expect 1,100 Paralympic athletes to 

participate in 34 sporting events at 10 venues. As of July 31, 2001, the total 

direct cost for projects and activities related to planning and staging the 

2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City is estimated at $1.9 billion. 

As shown in figure 3, SLOC plans to fund about $1.3 billion (70 percent). 

Additionally, Utah state officials working with SLOC report that Utah state 

agencies and institutions are planning to provide about $150 million (8 

percent) and the Salt Lake City local government is planning to provide 

about $75 million (4 percent) for such projects as roads and bus systems 

directly related to supporting the Games. Finally, of the $1.9 billion, it is 

estimated that the federal government will provide approximately $342 

million (18 percent) of the total direct cost for planning and staging the 

Games.13

13As we reported in September 2000, approximately $1.1 billion in additional federal funding 

and support had been provided or was planned to be provided indirectly for the 2002 

Olympic and Paralympic Games. This funding and support was used or was planned to be 

used for such projects as highways, transit systems, and other capital improvements. 

According to federal and state officials, these projects would eventually have been 

undertaken regardless of the Olympic Games, but they were prioritized or accelerated so 

that they could be completed in time for the Games. 
Page 10 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Figure 3: Total Direct Cost for Planning and Staging the 2002 Winter Olympic and 

Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City, UT

Source: Salt Lake Organizing Committee, OMB, and various other federal agencies.

Specifically, 18 federal agencies reported that they have provided or plan to 

provide an estimated $342 million in funding and support for projects and 

activities directly related to the planned 2002 Games. Of the $342 million in 

federal funding and support provided or planned for the 2002 Games, 

Congress had specifically designated about $208 million (61 percent) for 

specific Olympic-related projects and activities. About $134 million (39 

percent) was approved by the agencies and provided through their normal 

funding procedures. 

As shown in figure 4, the federal government’s involvement includes safetyand security-related activities, transportation, housing and infrastructure 

support, venue building and construction, and staging operations during 

the Games. In total, not including additional security costs that may be 

incurred as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the 

federal government plans to spend about $185 million on safety- and 

security-related activities. Such activities range from venue perimeter 

security projects and activities during the Games themselves to heightened 

security-related activities of individual agencies necessitated by the Games. 
Page 11 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

For example, the General Services Administration (GSA) plans to spend 

about $1.6 million to protect its facilities during the Games. These are 

funds that GSA would not have had to spend were it not for the Olympic 

Games. The next largest amount of federal funding and support is about 

$106 million for transportation projects. The Department of Transportation 

plans to spend this amount in part to provide a temporary spectator 

transportation system. This system will consist of Salt Lake City transit 

buses and drivers and borrowed transit buses and drivers from other cities 

across the United States, bus maintenance, construction and operation of 

park-and-ride lots, and loading and unloading facilities. In addition, the 

Department of Transportation is planning to provide an additional $25 

million, of the total $27 million allocated for venue construction, to support 

the building and construction of access roads to certain venues for the 

Games. An estimated $19 million in federal funds is also being provided to 

support staging-and-operations activities during the Games. The 

Department of Housing and Urban Development is providing an estimated 

$4 million for Salt Lake City redevelopment projects and temporary 

housing for the athletes participating in the Games. Appendix III lists the 

specific federally sponsored Olympic-related projects and activities and the 

amounts of federal funding and support for each.
Page 12 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Figure 4: Federal Government’s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related 

to Planning and Staging the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Salt Lake 

City, UT

Source: OMB and various other federal agencies.

Total Direct Cost and 

Government Funding 

and Support for 

Planning and Staging 

the 1984 Summer 

Olympic Games in Los 

Angeles

Los Angeles, then a metropolis of more than 11 million people, hosted the 

1984 Olympic Games. According to information compiled by a USOC 

official, about 7,078 athletes from 140 nations participated in 221 sporting 

events at 27 venues for an audience of an estimated 8 million visitors to the 

Olympic Games. At that time, the Paralympic Games were not held along 

with the Olympic Games. As shown in figure 5, the reported total direct 

cost to plan and stage the 1984 Games was approximately $707 million. Of 

this amount, LAOOC reported providing about $629 million (89 percent) of 

the total direct cost for the Games. The remaining approximately $78 

million of the total direct cost for planning and staging the Games, as we 

reported in September 2000, was provided by the federal government 

through the departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Justice, 

State, Transportation, Health and Human Services, the Treasury, and 

Veterans Affairs, as well as the Federal Communications Commission and 

the U.S. Information Agency. 
Page 13 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Figure 5: Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related to Planning and 

Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA

Source: OMB and various other federal agencies.

Although data on California and Los Angeles government funding and 

support for the 1984 Games were not available, according to the former 

LAOOC Vice-President for Government Relations for the 1984 Games, state 

and local funding was minimal. According to this official, Los Angeles 

voters passed a charter amendment in November 1978 prohibiting any 

capital expenditure by the city on the Olympic Games that would not, by 

binding commitment, be reimbursed. As noted in our September 2000 

report, Los Angeles city officials believed that the host cities for Olympic 

Games held before 1984 often overextended themselves by trying to 

complete state-of-the-art Olympic venues and related capital improvement 

projects. Such actions, in their view, pushed those host cities into debt that 

remained long after the Games. As a result, city officials decided that they 

(1) would not undertake any new construction or capital improvements 

specifically for the Olympic Games and (2) would encourage spectators to 

use the transit or bus systems in place at the time or simply to drive their 

cars to the events.

Figure 5 also shows that the approximately $78 million in federal funding 

and support represented about 11 percent of the total cost for projects and 
Page 14 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

activities related to the Games. As shown in figure 6, about $74 million of 

the federal expenditures was used to support safety- and security-related 

activities for the Games. The remaining $4 million was used for stagingand-operations activities during the events. Of the $78 million total, 

Congress specifically designated about $76 million for mostly securityrelated projects and activities, and $2 million (3 percent) was approved by 

the federal agencies and provided through their normal funding 

procedures. Appendix IV lists the specific federally sponsored Olympicrelated projects and activities and the amounts of federal funding and 

support for each.

Figure 6: Federal Government’s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related 

to Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA

Source: OMB and various other federal agencies.
Page 15 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Total Direct Cost and 

Government Funding 

and Support for 

Planning and Staging 

the1996 Summer 

Olympic and 

Paralympic Games in 

Atlanta, GA

Atlanta, GA, is a large metropolitan area that had a population of more than 

3.4 million in 1996 when it served as the host city for the Summer Olympic 

Games. According to information compiled by a USOC official, about 

10,332 Olympic athletes from 197 countries participated in 271 sporting 

events at 29 venues, for an audience estimated at 8.3 million people. Also, 

3,310 Paralympic athletes from 104 countries participated in sporting 

events at 16 venues. As shown in figure 7, the total direct cost for planning 

and staging these Games was about $2.4 billion. According to the 

information compiled by SLOC officials, of the $2.4 billion, the Atlanta 

Committee for Olympic Games (ACOG) and the Atlanta Paralympic 

Organizing Committee (APOC) contributed nearly $2 billion (82 percent) 

for the 1996 Games. ACOG- and APOC-funded projects and activities 

included transportation, safety and security, Paralympic operations, 

temporary and permanent facilities, and telecommunications. According 

to information from SLOC, local governments where the various venues 

were located during the Games contributed about $234 million (10 

percent), which was used to help construct some of the facilities used to 

support the Games.14 The federal government’s share of the total cost to 

plan and stage the event, as we reported in our September 2000 report, was 

about $193 million, or 8 percent of the approximately $2.4 billion in total 

direct costs.15

14Data on state funding and support were not available at the time of this review.

15As we reported in September 2000, approximately $443 million in additional federal 

funding and support had been provided indirectly for the 1996 Olympic and Paralympic 

Games. This funding and support were used for such projects as highways, transit systems, 

and other capital improvements. According to federal and state officials, these projects 

would eventually have been undertaken regardless of the Olympic Games, but they were 

prioritized or accelerated so that they could be completed in time for the Games. 
Page 16 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Figure 7: Total Direct Cost for Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer Olympic and 

Paralympic Games in Atlanta, GA

Of the approximately $193 million provided by the federal government, $86 

million (45 percent) was specifically designated by Congress for Olympicrelated projects and activities and $106 million (55 percent) was approved 

by the agencies and provided through their normal funding procedures. 

Similar to previous Olympic Games, ensuring adequate safety and security 

was a primary concern of federal officials at the Games in Atlanta. As 

shown in figure 8, safety- and security-related projects related to the Games 

represented about $101 million (52 percent) of the federal government’s 

total direct cost. The federal agencies providing safety- and securityrelated funding and support included the departments of Agriculture, 

Defense, Health and Human Services, the Interior, Justice, State, 

Transportation, the Treasury, and Veterans Affairs. Funding and support 

was also provided by the Corporation for National and Community 

Services, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Federal 

Executive Board, and the Environmental Protection Agency. About $68 

million (36 percent) of the $193 million in federal expenditures was used 

for venue construction and staging operations during the Olympic events. 

For example, approximately $18 million was used to construct the 

Whitewater Rapids Venue, and approximately $5 million was used for the 

pre-trial and Olympic Whitewater Rapids events operations during the 

Games. Transportation represented about $21 million (11 percent) of the 
Page 17 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

federal funds expended on the Games, housing and infrastructure projects 

represented $2 million (1 percent), and venue construction represented 

about $36 million (19 percent). 

Figure 8: Federal Government’s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related 

to Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in 

Atlanta, GA

Source: OMB and various other federal agencies.

Agency Comments and 

Our Evaluation

We provided copies of a draft of this report to the heads of OMB, SLOC, and 

USOC and to former officials of LAOOC for their review and comments. 

Additionally, for their review and comments, we provided to each of the 

federal agencies listed in Appendix III copies of a draft of their reported 

figures regarding (1) the amount of federal funding and support and (2) the 

applicable projects and activities for the planned 2002 Olympic and 

Paralympic Games at Salt Lake City, UT. We received oral comments from 

agency-designated officials or audit liaisons at OMB and most of the federal 

agencies, and from the former LAOOC Vice-President for Government 

Relations. Generally these officials had no comments, or they provided 
Page 18 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

technical changes—to correct the reported amounts of federal funding and 

support provided for the Olympic Games, or to improve clarity—which 

were made where appropriate. 

We also received written comments from the president and chief executive 

officer of SLOC, which generally agreed with our report. Briefly, he stated 

that our report accurately reflected the growth of the Olympic and 

Paralympic Games during the past 20 years and pointed out that the 

increase in the federal government’s share of the cost occurred in 

traditional areas of government functions, security and transportation, 

while federal expenditure on nongovernment functions, such as venue 

construction, had significantly decreased. He also cited two significant 

factors, outside the scope of our work, that contributed to the growth in 

cost: the technological advances in measuring and in broadcasting the 

results of the competitions. Finally, he explained that one of his top 

priorities is to help reverse the trend of the Games to be “bigger and better” 

than those before, and that he plans to make a series of recommendations 

to the International Olympic Committee president on reducing the scope 

and controlling the growth in cost for future Olympic Games. 

Unless you publicly announce the contents of this report earlier, we plan no 

further distribution of it until 15 days from the date of this report. We will 

then send copies of this report to Senator Robert C. Byrd, Chairman of the 

Senate Committee on Appropriations; Ted Stevens, Ranking Minority 

Member, Senate Committee on Appropriations; and C. W. Bill Young, 

Chairman, and David R. Obey, Ranking Minority Member, of the House 

Committee on Appropriations. We are also sending copies to Senators 

Fritz Hollings, Chairman, and John McCain, Ranking Minority Member, of 

the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation; and 

Representatives W. J. Billy Tauzin, Chairman, and John D. Dingell, Ranking 

Minority Member, of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. We 

are also sending copies of this report to Senator Orrin Hatch and 

Representatives James V. Hansen, Jim Matheson, and Christopher Cannon, 

of Utah. Copies of this report will also be sent to the Director of OMB; the 

secretaries of the departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, 

Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, the Interior, Housing and 

Urban Development, Labor, State, Transportation, the Treasury, and 

Veterans Affairs; and the Attorney General. We are also sending copies to 

the heads of the Environmental Protection Agency, Federal 

Communications Commission, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 

General Services Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority; and to 
Page 19 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

the Postmaster General. We will also make copies available to others upon 

request.

Major contributors to this report included Sherrill Johnson, Michael Rives, 

Frederick Lyles, Melvin Horne, and Michael Yacura. If you have any 

questions, please contact me at (202) 512-8387 or ungarb@gao.gov.

Sincerely yours,

Bernard L. Ungar

Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues
Page 20 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Appendix I

Objectives, Scope, and Methodology ApApenednxidexiIs

As discussed in this report, the objectives of this assignment were to 

determine:

• the total direct cost of planning and staging the Winter Olympic Games 

held in 1980 at Lake Placid, NY; and the Winter Olympic Games and 

Paralympic Games planned for 2002 at Salt Lake City, UT; the Summer 

Olympic Games held in 1984 at Los Angeles, CA; and the Summer 

Olympic Games and Paralympic Games held in 1996 at Atlanta, GA;

• the total direct government funding and support at the local, state, and 

federal levels, where available, for each of these Games; how the federal 

funding and support were used; a complete roster of all the reported 

projects and activities for each of the Games; and 

• the amount of federal funds and support specifically designated by 

Congress for Olympic-related purposes, and the amount of federal 

funding and support approved by the agencies and provided through 

their normal funding procedures for each of these Games.

To respond to the first objective, because there is no central source for the 

needed information, we obtained data on the costs incurred by the 

principal parties that funded and supported these events. These parties 

included (1) applicable Olympic Games Organizing Committees that are 

private organizations established by the host cities to plan and stage the 

Games; (2) state and local governments associated with the designated 

host cities for the Games; and (3) federal government agencies. 

Our primary sources of information included: 

• Salt Lake City Organizing Committee (SLOC) officials, who are currently 

responsible for planning and staging the Games planned for 2002 at Salt 

Lake City, and Olympic organizing committee reports following the 1984 

Olympics and the1996 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, which 

provided financial statements showing the total amount of the privatesector costs for each of the Games;

• Utah and California state and local government officials cognizant of 

their respective state and local governments’ funding and support for 

the Games held in Salt Lake City and in Los Angeles; and
Appendix I

Objectives, Scope, and Methodology

Page 21 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Department of Commerce report published in 1982 after the 1980 Winter 

Olympic Games; our previously published report regarding federal 

funding and support for the 1984 Olympics and the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games; and OMB and 22 federal organizations, 

including the U.S. Postal Service, for the planned 2002 Winter Olympic 

and Paralympic Games at Salt Lake City.1

The federal agencies included the

• Department of Agriculture,

• Department of Commerce,

• Department of Defense,

• Department of Education,

• Department of Energy,

• Department of Health and Human Services,

• Department of Housing and Urban Development,

• Department of the Interior,

• Department of Justice,

• Department of Labor,

• Department of State,

• Department of Transportation,

• Department of the Treasury,

• Department of Veterans Affairs,

• Environmental Protection Agency,

• Federal Communications Commission,

• Federal Emergency Management Agency,

• Federal Executive Board, 

• General Services Administration,

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

• Social Security Administration, and

• U.S. Postal Service.

To respond to the second objective, we also contacted state and local 

government officials associated with the designated host city for the 

Games, and we made inquiries of the 22 federal organizations listed above. 

The effort to identify federal funding and support was aided considerably 

1

Of the 22 federal agencies, four federal agencies (Department of Labor, Federal Executive 

Board, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Social Security 

Administration) reported providing no funding or support for the 2002 Winter Olympic and 

Paralymic Games.
Appendix I

Objectives, Scope, and Methodology

Page 22 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

by OMB’s implementation of our past recommendation to require a 

consolidated reporting of federal agency funding and support for the 

Olympic Games. Specifically, the President’s 2002 Budget listed for the first 

time all federal Olympic spending in one table, which identified the federal 

agencies and the amounts spent or planned to be spent for the 2002 Games 

in Salt Lake City. We began with these listed agencies and obtained the 

necessary supporting information to verify or update their reported figures. 

We relied upon the agency officials’ reports of (1) funding and support, and 

(2) projects and activities directly related to planning and staging the 

Olympic Games or Paralympic Games. 

To respond to the third objective, we relied upon information we and other 

agencies previously reported pertaining to the amount of congressionally 

designated and agency-approved federal funding and support for the 

Games held in 1980 at Lake Placid, NY; in 1984 at Los Angeles, CA; and in 

1996 at Atlanta, GA. We depended upon the agencies to update the amount 

of congressionally designated and agency-approved federal funding and 

support, and to report this information to us for the planned 2002 Games at 

Salt Lake City, UT.

At each agency we obtained, to the extent possible, supporting information 

for (1) the agency’s reported federal funding and support, and (2) the 

agency’s identification and description of its Olympic-related projects and 

activities. The figures reported by the agencies for the planned 2002 Games 

at Salt Lake City, UT, included all funding and support as of July 31, 2001. 

We did not independently verify the data but relied upon each agency to 

make its own determination as to (1) the funding and support, and (2) the 

project or activity’s direct relationship to planning and staging the Olympic 

and Paralympic Games. We conducted our review from August 2001 to 

October 2001, in accordance with generally accepted government auditing 

standards. 
Page 23 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games
Page 24 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Appendix II

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic 

Games in Lake Placid, NY ApendxiI

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal orgranization Description of project or activity Expenditure

Designated 

by 

Congressa Expenditure

Designated 

by 

Congressa

Department of Defense $23,438 0 0 0

Security manpower (National Guard, 

Medical, etc.), equipment and 

temporary facilities

23,438 0 0 0

Department of Transportation 0 0 $11,523 0

Federal Highway Administration Grants to New York State for roads 0 0 9,375 0

Federal Aviation Administration Grants to New York State for airports 0 0 2,148 0

Department of the Interior 0 0 0 0

Bureau of Outdoor Recreation Grants to New York State for 

Whiteface Mountain ski trails, lifts, and 

lodge facilities

0000

Department of Commerce 0 0 4,016 $4,016

Economic Development 

Administration

EDA grant for railroad project 0 0 3,213 3,213

EDA-funded facilities/Services Project management 0 0 0 0

Speed skating oval 0 0 0 0

New field house 0 0 0 0

Existing arena modifications 0 0 0 0

Administration building 0 0 0 0

Ski jumps 0 0 0 0

Luge run 0 0 0 0

Parking 0 0 803 803

Increased electrical power 0 0 0 0

Sanitary and water facilities 0 0 0 0

Temporary and miscellaneous 

facilities

0000

Temporary athletes’ housing at BOP 

facilities

0000

Temporary support housing 0 0 0 0

Opening ceremonies facilities 0 0 0 0

Furnishings 0 0 0 0
Appendix II

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter 

Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY

Page 25 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total Federal funds

Expenditure

Designated by

Congressa Expenditure

Designated by

Congressa Expenditure

Designated by

Congressa Expenditure

Designated by

Congressa

0 0 0 0 0 0 $23,438 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 23,438 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 11,523 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 9,375 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,148 0

0 0 $6,250 0 0 0 6,250 0

0 0 6,250 0 0 0 6,250 0

$17,506 $17,506 60,893 $60,893 $13,475 $13,475 95,889 $95,889

0 0 0 0 0 0 3,213 3,213

0 0 0 0 9,398 9,398 9,398 9,398

0 0 5,084 5,084 0 0 5,084 5,084

0 0 27,459 27,459 0 0 27,459 27,459

0 0 7,125 7,125 0 0 7,125 7,125

0 0 1,217 1,217 0 0 1,217 1,217

0 0 9,904 9,904 0 0 9,904 9,904

0 0 10,104 10,104 0 0 10,104 10,104

0 0 0 0 0 0 803 803

0 0 0 0 3,576 3,576 3,576 3,576

0 0 0 0 500 500 500 500

6,145 6,145 0 0 0 0 6,145 6,145

7,027 7,027 0 0 0 0 7,027 7,027

2,852 2,852 0 0 0 0 2,852 2,852

1,035 1,035 0 0 0 0 1,035 1,035

447 447 0 0 0 0 447 447
Appendix II

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter 

Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY

Page 26 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal orgranization Description of project or activity Expenditure

Designated 

by 

Congressa Expenditure

Designated 

by 

Congressa

Department of Justice 0 0 0 0

Bureau of Prisons Funded 

Facilities/Services

Project management 0 0 0 0

Athletes housing 0 0 0 0

Department of Energy 0 0 0 0

Load management, equipment 

installed at athletes housing

0000

Totals $23,438 0 $15,539 $4,016
Appendix II

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter 

Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY

Page 27 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Note: 1980 dollars were converted to 2001 dollars by dividing 1980 dollars by 0.5120, a conversion 

factor derived from chain-type price indexes for gross domestic product. 

Totals may not add due to rounding.

a

”Designated by Congress” refers to funds that were specifically designated for an Olympic-related 

purpose in appropriations acts or committee reports accompanying those acts. 

Source: GAO analysis of data provided by officials from OMB and the listed federal orgranizations.

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total Federal funds

Expenditure

Designated by

Congressa Expenditure

Designated by

Congressa Expenditure

Designated by

Congressa Expenditure

Designated by

Congressa

40,754 0 0 0 0 0 $40,754 0

4,379 0 0 0 0 0 4,379 0

36,375 0 0 0 0 0 36,375 0

1,383 0 0 0 0 0 1,383 0

1,383 0 0 0 0 0 1,383 0

$59,643 $17,506 $67,143 $60,893 $13,475 $13,475 $179,236 $95,889
Page 28 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT ApendxiI

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Department of Agriculture $1,841 $1,300 0 0

U.S. Forest Service Team, projects, and event 0 0 0 0

Security 1,300 1,300 0 0

Animal and Plant Health Inspection 

Service

Estimated security countermeasures for identified primary 

targeted facilities, including security 

assessment, travel and per diem, 

physical security, salaries, and 

benefits

541 0 0 0

Department of Commerce 0 0 0 0

National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration

Weather forecasting service 0 0 0 0

Department of Defense 24,242 24,242 0 0

Joint Task Force - Olympics (JTFO)Provide security 24,242 24,242 0 0

Department of Education Paralympics 0000

Department of Energy 3,733 0 0 0

Department of Health and 

Human Services

9,910 0 0 0

Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

Safety- and security-related services 2,007 0 0 0

Food and Drug Administration Safety- and security-related services 624 0 0 0

Office of Emergency Preparedness Safety- and security-related services 7,279 0 0 0

Department of Housing and 

Urban Development

0000

U.S. Department of HUD - Utah 

State Office

Redevelopment of the Gateway 

District

0000

Housing infrastructure improvements 

for the Olympics and Paralympics

0000

Temporary housing necessary for the 

2002 Olympics to be held in Salt 

Lake City

0000

Jefferson Street Apartments land 

purchase

0000
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 29 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundingab

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

0 0 0 0 $7,841 0 $9,682 $1,300

0 0 0 0 7,841 0 7,841 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,300 1,300

0 0 0 0 0 0 541 0

0 0 0 0 214 $96 214 96

0 0 0 0 214 96 214 96

0 0 0 0 0 0 24,242 24,242

0 0 0 0 0 0 24,242 24,242

0 0 0 0 914 914 914 914

0 0 0 0 0 0 3,733 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 9,910 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,007 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 624 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 7,279 0

$4,446 $4,000 0 0 0 0 4,446 4,000

925 1,000 0 0 0 0 925 1,000

925 1,000 0 0 0 0 925 1,000

1,996 2,000 0 0 0 0 1,996 2,000

600 0 0 0 0 0 600 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 30 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Department of the Interior $1,875 $1,807 0 0

National Park Service Olympic venue perimeter security 1,300 1,300 0 0

Olympic planning and coordination 0 0 0 0

Park units enhanced operations 0 0 0 0

Visitor information services 0 0 0 0

Bureau of Land Management Utah State Office 0 0 0 0

National Law Enforcement Office. 

This funding will be used to cover 

expenses for a contingent of 25 BLM 

law enforcement officers working at 

the 2002 Winter Olympics 

312 312 0 0

Bureau of Land Management -

Utah

Visitor information: brochure reprint 

interpretive information, public land 

education, resource protection

0000

Media information: press kit, B-roll, 

information DVD, photo CD, media 

center space

0000

Wild Horse and Burro Information: 

Olympic horse adoption, WH&B 

information printing

0000

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Security - operational and perimeter 

security 

195 195 0 0

U.S. Geological Survey Revision of twenty-eight 7.5-minute 

maps

0000

Bureau of Reclamation - Upper 

Colorado Region

America's Public Lands exhibit at 

visitor center and staff development 

time

0000

Staffing during event - February 2002 0 0 0 0

Site security, security training, site 

security upgrades, security liaison

68 0 0 0

Department of Justice 48,684 32,047 0 0

Law enforcement personnel aiding 

Secret Service

4,891 4,891 0 0

Community Relations Service Assess and resolve racial tension 

associated with protest

55 0 0 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 31 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundingab

Planned/

expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

0 0 0 0 $2,684 0 $4,559 $1,807

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,300 1,300

0 0 0 0 255 0 255 0

0 0 0 0 200 0 200 0

0 0 0 0 538 0 538 0

0 0 0 0 150 0 150 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 312 312

0 0 0 0 261 0 261 0

0 0 0 0 70 0 70 0

0 0 0 0 30 0 30 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 195 195

0 0 0 0 1,100 0 1,100 0

0 0 70 0 70 0

0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 68 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 48,684 32,047

0 0 0 0 0 0 4,891 4,891

0 0 0 0 0 0 55 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 32 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Federal Bureau of Investigation Training exercises, travel, vehicle 

lease, utilities, etc.

$22,790 $12,302 0 0

Immigration and Naturalization 

Service

Security preparations 2,819 1,000 0 0

Office of Justice Programs Assist with implementing a master 

safety plan

6,899 3,854 0 0

Executive Office of U.S. Attorneys Salary and other costs for staff 

assigned to Olympics

1,056 0 0 0

INTERPOL Security and planning 18 0 0 0

Criminal Division Security 156 0 0 0

Office of Community Oriented 

Policing

Grant to UCAN to upgrade security 

and communication

10,000 10,000 0 0

Department of State 3,075 0 0 0

Diplomatic security: Department of 

State will assist in providing 

protective security details to 

foreign dignitaries below the Head 

of State level, as well as 

establishing a diplomatic security 

presence in Salt Lake City.

1,550 0 0 0

Consular affairs: development of 

an Olympic visa information 

database to facilitate processing 

Olympic participants into the 

country

1,525 0 0 0

Education and cultural affairs: 

grants for the Special Olympics 

and Paralympic youth games

0000

Department of Transportation 1,761 0 $106,462 68,846

Federal Highway Administration Snowbasin Trappers Loop Road 0 0 0 0

Utah Winter Sports Park Road 0 0 0 0

Soldier Hollow Road - Project 1 0 0 0 0

Soldier Hollow Road - Project 2 0 0 0 0

Intelligent Transportation System 0 0 0 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 33 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundingab

Planned/

expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

0 0 0 0 0 0 $22,790 $12,302

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,819 1,000

0 0 0 0 0 0 6,899 3,854

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,056 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 156 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 10,000 10,000

0 0 0 0 2,000 0 5,075 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,525 0

0 0 0 0 2,000 0 2,000 0

0 0 25,256 17,205 0 0 133,479 86,051

0 0 15,000 15,618 0 0 15,000 15,618

0 0 4,631 0 0 0 4,631 0

0 0 483 0 0 0 483 0

0 0 3,555 0 0 0 3,555 0

0 0 1,587 1,587 0 0 1,587 1,587
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 34 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Olympic Transportation Planning ($1.4 

million of these funds were used for two 

temporary park-and-ride lots)

0 0 $8,977 $8,846

Federal Aviation Administration Temporary RTRs: communications 

facilities in venue areas east of 

mountains

0 0 615 0

Aviation Security Operations Center - 

(joint operations with UOPSC, 

Customs, USSS)

$335 0 0 0

Provo ASR - temporary radar 0 0 1,393 0

Automation upgrades at Salt Lake 

TRACON

0 0 83 0

Telecommunications support additional 

circuits required

0 0 315 0

Temporary air traffic control towers at 

outlying airports

0 0 408 0

Physical security upgrades to FAA 

facilities

798 0 0 0

ALSF 2 - Salt Lake Int'l Airport 

approach lighting system

0 0 2,800 0

Olympic Aviation System Plan; grant to 

Wasatch Front Regional Council for 

development of Olympic Planning Study 

(airports)

0 0 200 0

Olympic program management to 

include Olympics Program Manager

0 0 1,183 0

Air Traffic headquarters: advanced 

lodging costs

0 0 339 0

Air Traffic - Northwest Mountain Region 0 0 577 0

Airway facilities 0 0 1,441 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 35 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundingab

Planned/

expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

0 0 0 0 0 0 $8,977 $8,846

0 0 0 0 0 0 615 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 335 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,393 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 83 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 315 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 408 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 798 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,800 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 200 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,183 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 339 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 577 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,441 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 36 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Flight Standards 0 0 $626 0

Logistics 0 0 50 0

Aviation systems and standards 

(flight procedures)

0 0 89 0

Airports 0 0 19 0

Security $204 0 0 0

Federal Transit Administration Establish Olympic Transportation 

Working Group (OTWG) and 

complete several Venue 

Transportation Integration Plans 

(VTRIPS)

0 0 259 0

Eligible net operating costs for the 

spectator transportation system; 

construct Mtn. Green park-and-ride 

lot, Cornina Dr. park-and-ride lot, 

Soldier Hollow park-and-ride lot, Utah 

Olympic Oval park-and-ride lot, 

Olympic Park park-and-ride lot, 

(supplemental to UT-03-0039 & UT030-0040); the lease of radio

0 0 48,490 $60,000

FTA Section 5307 Formula funds for 

highway-related Olympic Planning, 

Capital, and Operating projects. 

Transfer of FY 2001 Section 5307 

formula funds to the FHWA Surface 

Transportation Program 

0 0 15,287

Included in the

$60 million

shown above

Construct additional storage tracks at 

Light Rail Vehicle Storage Facility and 

purchase/install automatic electric 

switch on the North/South LRT Line 

at 100 S. Main Street.

0 0 1,100 0

Construct Silver Creek Jct. park-andride; purchase venue load and unload 

equipment; and construct Silver 

Creek Jct. bus garage (supplemented 

by UT-0-0039)

0 0 9,811 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 37 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundingab

Planned/

expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

0 0 0 0 0 0 $626 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 89 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 204 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 259 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 48,490 60,000

0 0 0 0 0 0 15,287 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,100 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 9,811 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 38 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Construct busway at Snowbasin, bus 

garage at Silver Creek Jct., and 

Olympic Park park-and-ride lot 

(supplemental to UT-03-0040)

0 0 $5,533 0

Expand five park-and-ride lots in the 

Salt Lake City area and expand the 

bus storage area at three Utah 

Transit Authority bus garages

0 0 6,868 0

Federal Railroad Administration Monitoring of railroad operations for 

safety

379 0 0 0

Research and Special Programs 

Administration

Safety- and security-related services 28 0 0 0

Security related for Pipe Line 

Transportation System

17 0 0 0

Department of the Treasury $78,035 $51,958 0 0

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, 

and Firearms

Safety- and security-related

services

10,523 10,523 0 0

U.S. Secret Service 27,287 19,530 0 0

U.S. Customs Service 15,470 13,813 0 0

Customs Air Interdiction 5,531 4,931 0 0

FinCEN 146 58 0 0

Internal Revenue Service 2,729 2,729 0 0

Treasury Office of Enforcement 60 40 0 0

Treasury Inspector General for 

Tax Administration

334 334 0 0

Wireless program Safety- and security-related services 15,955 0 0 0

Department of Veterans Affairs VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System 

- 2002 Winter Olympics security 

activities

2,909 0 0 0

Environmental Protection Agency 423 0 0 0

Venue-related sewer construction 0 0 0 0

Planning and increased services 0 0 0 0

Safety- and security-related services 423 0 0 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 39 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundingab

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

0 0 0 0 0 0 $5,533 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 6,868 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 379 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 78,035 $51,958

0 0 0 0 0 0 10,523 10,523

0 0 0 0 0 0 27,287 19,530

0 0 0 0 0 0 15,470 13,813

0 0 0 0 0 0 5,531 4,931

0 0 0 0 0 0 146 58

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,729 2,729

0 0 0 0 0 0 60 40

0 0 0 0 0 0 334 334

0 0 0 0 0 0 15,955 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,909 0

0 0 $2,174 $2,174 $494 0 3,091 2,174

0 0 2,174 2,174 0 0 2,174 2,174

0 0 0 0 494 0 494 0

0 0 0 0 0 423 0
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 40 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity

Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity

Planned/

expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Federal Communciations

Commission

$73 0 0 0

Security: establish on-site 

capability to detect and locate 

sources of radio transmissions 

interfering with law enforcement 

and emergency operations

73 0 0 0

Operations: establish on-site 

capability to detect and locate 

sources of radio transmissions 

interfering with Olympic operations

0000

Federal Emergency 

Management Agency

Safety- and security-related 

services

6,375 0 0 0

General Services Administration 1,594 0 0 0

Doping Control Program FY 2002 

Winter Olympics

0000

Heightened security around GSA 

Facilities FY 2002 Winter Olympics

959 0 0 0

Heightened security around GSA 

facilities FY 2002 Paralympics

635 0 0 0

U.S. Postal Service Increased postal services 0000

Totals $184,530 $111,354 $106,462 $68,846
Appendix III

Direct Federal Funding and Support for the 

Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic 

Games at Salt Lake City, UT

Page 41 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

a

Personnel costs are generally not included in these amounts. 

b

Totals may not add due to rounding.

c

"Designated by Congress" refers to funds that were specifically designated for an Olympic-related 

purpose in appropriations acts or committee reports accompanying those acts. 

Source: GAO analysis of data provided by officials from OMB and the listed federal orgranizations.

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundingab

Planned/

expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Planned/

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

0 0 0 0 $73 0 $146 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 73 0

0 0 0 0 73 0 73 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 6,375 0

0 0 0 0 3,300 3,300 4,894 $3,300

0 0 0 0 3,300 3,300 3,300 3,300

0 0 0 0 0 0 959 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 635 0

0 0 0 0 1,977 0 1,977 0

$4,446 $4,000 $27,430 $19,379 $19,497 $4,310 $342,365 $207,890
Page 42 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Appendix IV

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer 

Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA ApendxiIV

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Department of Agriculture 0 0 0 0

Animal and Plant Health 

Inspection Service

Equestrian event: quarantine horses and 

increase agency services

0000

Department of Commerce 0 0 0 0

Economic Development 

Administration 

Increased agency services 0 0 0 0

National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration

Weather forecasting services for Olympic 

events

0000

Department of Defensed Safety and security personnel, 

equipment, and services

$48,751 $76,170 0 0

Department of Health and 

Human Services

Safety- and security-related services 323 0 0 0

Department of Justice Increased agency services 10,338 0 0 0

Drug Enforcement 

Administration

Safety- and security-related services 432 0 0 0

Federal Bureau of Investigation Safety- and security-related services 7,866 0 0 0

Immigration and Naturalization 

Service

Safety- and security-related services and 

increased agency services

2,032 0 0 0

Interpol Safety- and security-related services 7 0 0 0

Department of State Increased agency services 2,991 0 0 0

Department of Transportation 4,126 0 0 0

U.S. Coast Guard Safety-and security-related services 2,819 0 0 0

Federal Aviation Administration Safety- and security-related services and 

increased agency services

1,307 0 0 0

Department of the Treasury 7,601 0 0 0

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and 

Firearms

Safety- and security-related services 2,864 0 0 0

U.S. Secret Service Safety- and security-related services 2,470 0 0 0

U.S. Customs Service Safety- and security-related services 2,267 0 0 0

Department of Veterans Affairs Not available 0000

Federal Communications 

Commission

Communications systems improvements 0000

U.S. Information Agency 0 0 0 0

Increased agency services 0 0 0 0

Totalsa,b $74,129 $76,170 0 0
Appendix IV

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer 

Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA

Page 43 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure 

support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundsa,b

Expenditure

Designated by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated by

Congressc

0 0 0 0 $244 0 $244 0

0 0 0 0 244 0 244 0

0 0 0 0 399 0 399 0

0 0 0 0 152 0 152 0

0 0 0 0 246 0 246 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 48,751 $76,170

0 0 0 0 0 0 323 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 10,338 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 432 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 7,866 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,032 0

00000070

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,991 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 4,126 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,819 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,307 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 7,601 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,864 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,470 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,267 0

0 0 0 0 597 0 597 0

0 0 0 0 276 0 276 0

0 0 0 0 2,282 0 2,282 0

0 0 0 0 2,282 0 2,282 0

0 0 0 0 $3,797 0 $77,927 $76,170
Appendix IV

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer 

Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA

Page 44 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Note: 1984 dollars were converted to 1999 dollars for our prior report (GAO/GGD-00-183) by dividing 

1984 dollars by 0.6852. The 1999 dollars were converted to 2001 dollars by dividing 1999 dollars by 

0.958, conversion factors derived from chain-type price indexes for gross domestic product. Totals do 

not add due to rounding.

a

Personnel costs are generally not included in these amounts, with the exception of the Department of 

Justice figures.

b

Totals do not include about $53 million received by the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee 

from the U.S. Mint as a result of the sale of Olympic Commemorative Coins.

c

"Designated by Congress" refers to funds that were specifically designated for an Olympic-related 

purpose in appropriations acts or committee reports accompanying those acts. 

d

Congress appropriated $76,170,000, and DOD spent $48,750.000. The unused funding authority 

was returned to the U.S. Treasury.

Source: GAO analysis of data provided by officials from OMB and the listed federal organizations.
Page 45 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games
Page 46 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Appendix V

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games ApendxiV

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure

Designate

d by

Congressc Expenditure

Designate

d by

Congressc

Department of Agriculture $1,501 0 0 0

Animal and Plant Health 

Inspection Service

Equestrian event; quarantine horses 

and increase agency services

00 00

Natural Resources Conservation 

Service

Plant flowers and grasses at Olympic 

venues and city parks

00 00

U.S. Forest Service Whitewater Olympic venue 

construction

00 00

Safety- and security- related services 1,501 0 0 0

Department of Commerce 0 0 $109 0

Economic Development 

Administration 

Olympic stadium sewer construction 0 0 0 0

Fund foreign visitors’ trips to the 

United States for Paralympic events

0 0 109 0

Retrofit gym for Paralympic events 0 0 0 0

Economic studies, business 

promotions for Olympic games

00 00

National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration

Weather forecasting services for 

Olympic events

00 00

Department of Defensed 37,932 $37,902 0 0

Office of Special Events Safety- and security-related services 20,258 20,258 0 0

U.S. Army Forces Command Safety- and security-related services 17,644 17,644 0 0

Corps of Engineers Temporary rangers 30 0 0 0

Department of Education Paralympic Organizing Committee: 00 00

Administration and staffing costs 0 0 0 0

Opening and closing ceremonies 0 0 0 0

Related conference costs 0 0 0 0
Appendix V

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games

Page 47 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundinga,b

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc

0 0 $18,008 $6,526 $877 0 $20,386 $6,526

0 0 0 0 531 0 531 0

0 0 0 0 346 0 346 0

0 0 18,008 6,526 0 0 18,008 6,526

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,501 0

0 0 1,303 0 3,116 0 4,527 0

0 0 1,303 0 0 0 1,303 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 109 0

0 0 0 0 514 0 514 0

0 0 0 0 1,457 0 1,457 0

0 0 0 0 1,145 0 1,145 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 37,932 37,902

0 0 0 0 0 0 20,258 20,258

0 0 0 0 0 0 17,644 17,644

0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0

0 0 0 0 7,744 0 7,744 0

0 0 0 0 6,383 0 6,383 0

0 0 0 0 1,307 0 1,307 0

0 0 0 0 54 0 54 0
Appendix V

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games

Page 48 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Department of Energy $1,243 0 0 0

Swimming pool heating and solar 

panel installation for Olympic 

swimming events

00 00

Safety- and security-related 

services

1,243 0 0 0

Department of Health and 

Human Services

5,334 0 0 0

Food and Drug Administration Public health safety- and securityrelated services268 0 0 0

Centers for Disease Control Public health safety- and securityrelated services201 0 0 0

Environmental Health Public health safety- and securityrelated services797 0 0 0

Office of Emergency 

Preparedness

Public health safety- and securityrelated services4,067 0 0 0

Social Security Administration Paralympic ceremonies and events 

videotaping

00 00

Department of Housing and 

Urban Development

00 00

Pass-through grant for Department 

of Veterans Affairs for Paralympic 

events

00 00

Department of the Interior 719 0 0 0

National Park Service Safety-and security-related services 719 0 0 0

Increased park services 0 0 0 0

Department of Justice 23,433 $4,357 0 0

Community Relations Service Mitigation of racial conflicts 31 0 0 0

Drug Enforcement Administration 300 agents for safety- and securityrelated services2,817 0 0 0

Federal Bureau of Investigation 1,200 staff for safety-and securityrelated services12,032 0 0 0
Appendix V

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games

Page 49 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundinga,b

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc

0 0 $3,648 0 0 0 $4,891 0

0 0 3,648 0 0 0 3,648 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,243 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 5,334 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 268 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 201 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 797 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 4,067 0

0 0 0 0 $1,634 $1,634 1,634 $1,634

2,178 0 0 0 0 0 2,178 0

2,178 0 0 0 0 0 2,178 0

0 0 0 0 911 0 1,630 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 719 0

0 0 0 0 911 0 911 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 23,433 4,357

0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,817 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 12,032 0
Appendix V

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games

Page 50 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure

Designated 

by 

Congressc Expenditure

Designated 

by 

Congressc

Immigration and Naturalization 

Service

130 additional staff to assist with 

processing international passengers

$1,602 0 0 0

Civil Rights Division Americans With Disabilities Act 160 0 0 0

Office of Justice Programs Overtime costs for Atlanta police 4,357 $4,357 0 0

Safety- and security study 1,415 0 0 0

Executive Office, U.S. Attorneys Added equipment and four 

attorneys

626 0 0 0

U.S. Marshals Service 150 Marshals for safety-and 

security-related services

391 0 0 0

Department of Labor 0 0 0 0

Training and employment grants for 

Olympic venue construction

00 00

Training for volunteers at Paralympic 

events

00 00

Department of State Increased agency services 1,090 0 0 0

Department of Transportation 2,971 0 $20,809 $17,426

Federal Highway Administration Road signs to Olympic venues 0 0 1,695 0

Federal Transit Administration Olympic Transportation System 0 0 17,426 17,426

Federal Aviation Administration Temporary facilities and increased 

services

0 0 1,688 0

Federal Railroad Administration Safety-and security-related services 41 0 0 0

U.S. Coast Guard Safety-and security-related services 2,930 0 0 0

Department of the Treasury 7,392 5,966 0 0

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and 

Firearms

Safety-and security-related services 2,586 2,396 0 0

Internal Revenue Service 100 Agents for safety and security 

related services

242 0 0 0

U.S. Secret Service Safety-and security-related services 3,704 3,570 0 0

U.S. Customs Service 150 Inspectors for increased 

services

861 0 0 0

Department of Veterans Affairs 1,688 0 0 0

Safety-and security-related services 1,688 0 0 0
Appendix V

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games

Page 51 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Housing/Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundinga,b

Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by Congressc

0 0 0 0 0 0 $1,602 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 160 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 4,357 $4,357

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 626 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 391 0

0 0 $446 0 $2,723 $2,723 3,169 2,723

0 0 446 0 0 0 446 0

0 0 0 0 2,723 2,723 2,723 2,723

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 23,780 17,426

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,695 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 17,426 17,426

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,688 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 41 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,930 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 7,392 5,966

0 0 0 0 0 0 2,586 2,396

0 0 0 0 0 0 242 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3,704 3,570

0 0 0 0 0 0 861 0

0 0 0 0 103 0 1,791 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,688 0
Appendix V

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games

Page 52 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

2001 Dollars in thousands

Project or activity Safety/Security Transportation

Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc Expenditure

Designated

by

Congressc

Donated excess supplies for 

Paralympics

00 00

Corporation for National and 

Community Services

Safety-and security-related services 

for Paralymic events

$3,267 0 0 0

Environmental Protection 

Agency

751 0 0 0

Olympic stadium-related sewer 

construction

00 00

Olympic venue bike path 

construction

00 00

Paralympics: loan of EPA 

employees

00 00

Safety-and security-related services 751 0 0 0

Increased agency services 0 0 0 0

Federal Communications 

Commission

Communications systems 

improvements

00 00

Federal Emergency 

Management Agency

Safety-and security-related services 12,111 0 0 0

Federal Executive Board Salary for safety- and securityrelated services (federal employees)1,901 0 0 0

General Services 

Administration

Paralympic Organizing Committee 

administrative and staffing costs

00 00

Tennessee Valley Authority Whitewater rapids event venue 

construction and water releases

00 00

U.S. Information Agency Olympic information programs 00 00

U.S. Postal Service 0 0 0 0

Increased postal services 0 0 0 0

Totalsa,b $101,333 $48,224 $20,918 $17,426
Appendix V

Direct Federal Funding and Support for 

Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer 

Olympic and Paralympic Games

Page 53 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Note: 1996 dollars were converted to 1999 dollars for our prior report (GAO/GGD-00-183) by dividing 

1996 dollars by 0.9584. The 1999 dollars were converted to 2001 dollars by dividing 1999 dollars by 

0.9580- conversion factors derived from chain-type price indexes for gross domestic product.Totals 

may not add due to rounding.

a

Personnel costs are generally not included in these amounts, with the exception of the U.S. Forest 

Service figure.

b

Totals do not include about $28 million received by ACOG from the U.S. Mint as a result of the sale of 

Olympic Commemorative Coins.

c

"Designated by Congress" refers to funds that were specifically designated for an Olympic-related 

purpose in appropriations acts or committee reports accompanying those acts. 

Source: GAO analysis of data provided by officials from OMB and the listed federal organizations.

Housing/Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total federal fundinga,b

Expenditure

Designated 

by 

Congressc Expenditure

Designated 

by Congressc Expenditure

Designated 

by Congressc Expenditure

Designated 

by Congressc

0 0 0 0 $103 0 $103 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3,267 0

0 0 $7,404 $7,624 415 0 8,570 $7,624

0 0 7,077 7,624 0 0 7,077 7,624

0 0 327 0 0 0 327 0

0 0 0 0 168 0 168 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 751 0

0 0 0 0 247 0 247 0

0 0 0 0 41 0 41 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 12,111 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1,901 0

0 0 0 0 2,177 $2,178 2,177 2,178

0 0 5,342 0 0 0 5,342 0

0 0 0 0 7,882 0 7,882 0

0 0 0 0 4,481 0 4,481 0

0 0 0 0 4,481 0 4,481 0

$2,178 0 $36,151 $14,150 $32,105 $6,535 $192,686 $86,336
Page 54 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games

Appendix VI

Comments From the Salt Lake Organizing 

Committee ApendxiVI
Appendix VI

Comments From the Salt Lake Organizing 

Committee

(543009) Letr Page 55 GAO-02-140 Olympic Games
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