This report has been prepared

for information and record

purposes and is not to be referenced

in any publication. ,

, ^ NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

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FLAME SPREAD PROPERTIES

OF

INTERIOR FINISHES

by

D« Gross and J 0 J» Loftus

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Sinclair Weeks, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Aslin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its headquarters in Washington,

D. C., and its major field laboratories in Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of

the di\ isions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section carries out specialized

research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its title. A brief description of

the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the inside back cover of

this report.

WASHINGTON, I). C.

Electricity anti Electronics, Resistance and Reactance. Electron Tubes. Electrical Instru- ments. Magnetic Measurements. Process Technology. Engineering Electronics. Electronic

Instrumentation. Electrochemistry.

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Technology. Length. Engineering Metrology.

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Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment. AEC Radiation Instruments. Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Gas Chemistry. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry . Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics.

Mass and Scale. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls.

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. Polymer Structure. Organic Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion.

Mineral Products. Ceramic Engineering. Porcelain and Pottery. Glass. Refractories.

Enameled Metals. Concreting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Heating and \ir Conditioning. Floor. Bool, and Wall Coverings, (axles and Specifications.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Pin sics. Data Processing Systems. Components and Techniques. Digital Circuitry. Digital Systems.

\naloguc Systems. Applications F.ngineering. • Office ol Basic Instrumentation • Office of AYeights and Measures

BOl LDEIL COLORADO

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Gas Liquefaction.

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Propagation Scry ices. Radio Propagal ion Engineering. Frequency l tilization Research. Tropospheric Propagation

Research.

Radio Standards. High Frequency Standards Branch: High Frequency F.lectrical Standards.

Radio Broadcast Service. High Frequency I mpcdancc Standards. Mierowaye Standards Branch:

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( lircuil Standards.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

MBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

1002-10-4871 July 11, 19^6 4757

FLAME SPREAD PROPERTIES

OF

INTERIOR FINISHES

by

Do Gross and J„ J D Loftus

for

Office of Chief of Engineers,

Department of Army

Directorate of Construction,

Uo So Air Force

<NBS>

0. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The publication, repr

unless permission Is d

25, D, C, Such perm

cal ly prepared if th«

Approved for public release by the

F rr 1 idards , Washington Director of the National Institute of irtha3beenspecifi . Standards and Technology (NIST) or( for its own use. on October 9, 2015.
.

•
flame spread properties of interior finishes

ABSTRACT

Flame spread data, as measured by the radiant • panel method, are presented for composite assemblies

representative of a wide variety of interior finishes

applied to common wall base materials. The data have

been analyzed by statistical methods to show the extent to which the base material and the surface finish

material are important in controlling the flame spread

behavior.

1, INTRODUCTION

In the specification of interior wall finishes

for buildings, the flame spread behavior of the materials considered is often as important as ease of application, appearance, durability or other qualities.

The previous lack of a simple method of test has delayed the comprehensive study of this fire characteristic of materials. Completion of the development of

the radiant panel flame spread test method at the

National Bureau of Standards has now made this study

possible. The data obtained on a large variety of

interior wall finishes and the effect of the base

materials to which they are applied supplements information previously obtained on the flame spread behavior of materials Cl)

.

(-^A Method For Measuring Surface Flammability of

Materials Using a Radiant Energy Source by A, F,

Robertson, D, Gross and J, Loftus to be published in

the Proceedings of the American Society for Testing

Materials, 1956,

2

2o MATERIALS

The specimens studied comprised a series of representative finish materials including liquid coatings,

films, sheets and panels applied to five common wall

base materials 5 plywood, fiberboard, gypsum board,

asbestos-cement board and plaster » The surface of the

base material to which any subsequent coatings were

applied was the smooth, finished side., Twenty-five

wall covering and finish materials were applied to the

base materials employing a variety of application materials., Manufacturers' suggestions and standard techniques were used wherever practical o Two types of

protected metals and an unbacked plastic also were

tested,, Table I lists the base, finish and application materials and includes a short description of the

material where available „ Table II lists the schedule

employed in the preparation of the test assemblies

After the application of the finish material, the

assemblies were dried for not less than 72 hours and

then were cut to produce five specimens each 6 by 18 in.

The specimens were placed in a room, maintained at 75°

F

and 50 percent relative humidity for not less than one

week conditioning prior to testing n

So METHOD OF TEST

The apparatus used for the tests is shown in

Figure 1« It consisted of a radiant panel, a frame

for support of the test specimen and associated

measuring equipment 0 The radiant panel consisted of a cast iron frame

enclosing a 12 in., by 18 in 0 porous refractory materialo The panel was mounted in a vertical plane and a

pre-mixed. gas -air mixture supplied from, the rear burned

in intimate contact with the refractory surface providing a radiant heat source 0 The panel approached its

equilibrium temperature in about one -half hour after

ignition and its energy output was maintained by regulation of the gas flow according to the indication

of a radiation pyrometer o The ra.diant output is that

which would be obtained from a black body of the same

dimensions operating at a temperature of 670°C„

-3

A small metal stack was placed under the hood

above the test specimen to receive the hot products

of combustion and smoke „ A group of eight thermocouples

of equal resistance and connected in parallel were placed

within the stack, the output being recorded by an

automatic potentiometer recorder « A sampling tube was

also placed within the stack to collect a deposit of smoke

on a glass fiber filter paper,. An aspirator was used to

draw the stack gases through the paper at a rate maintained

constant throughout the test and the weight of the resultant

deposit was determined after completion of the test,,

The test specimen measuring 6 in„ by 18 in 9 was

placed in a formed sheet metal holder and was backed

up with a sheet of asbestos millboard of 60 lb per cu ft

density,. The loaded specimen holder was then placed in

position on the supporting frame (inclined 30° to the

panel face) at time zero and observations were then made

of the progress of the flame front, the occurrence of

flashes, etc„ A. pilot igniter fed by an air-acetylene

mixture served both to initiate flaming at the upper

edge of the test specimen and to ignite combustible gases

rising from the specimen,, An electrical timer calibrated

in minutes and decimal fractions to hundredths was used for

recording the time of occurrence of events during the

tests o The test duration was 1.5 minutes or until sustained flaming had traversed the entire 18 inch length

of specimen, whichever time was less,,

The flame spread index I s was computed as the

product of the flame spread factor Fs and the heat

evolution Q ? thus I s = FS Q

where Fs = 1 +

t 3 t6-t3

+

t^-t^

_

_JL— + _ 1 . - t l2“t 9

t l5"t !2

here tj „ „ „ , „ , <>

t]* correspond to the times in

minutes from, specimen exposure until arrival of the

flame front at a position 3 „ o „ 15 in», respectively, along the length, of the specimen 0

Q = 0,1
.
here; Ool is a constant arbitrarily chosen to

yield a flame spread index of approximately 100

for red oak, A© is the observed maximum stack

thermocouple temperature rise in degrees Fahrenheit over that observed with an asbestos cement

board specimen, and^ is the maximum stack thermo

couple temperature rise for unit heat input rate

to the calibration burner, in units of degrees F

min/BTU®

ho RESULTS

Previous work had indicated that variations in

the specimen structure, such as orientation of grains,

pores or laminations or variations in the thickness

and bond of the finish or protective coating may

appreciably affect the flame spread behavior of a

material o Data dispersion as indicated by the coefficient of variation has ranged from five percent for

materials of good structural, uniformity to over 60 per

cent for those of coarse, non-uniform structure.. The

testing program, was designed to obtain a statistical

measure of the variance assignable to finish material,

base material, combined effects, consistent and random

errors

®

To test for the existence of "order within a day"

and "day-to-day" effects as well as to estimate the

extent of the testing program necessary, a series of

tests of eight finish materials on each of four base

materials in duplicate was performed in an ordered sequence® The results are shown in Table IA in the

appendix® The flame spread indices varied from 1®0

to 715 and included test assemblies from each of four

general, groups of finish materials® The results indicate that variations due to the testing order during the da.y (i®e® whether tested in the morning, noon

or afternoon) and variations due to testing over a

period of time (day or weeks) were not- significant as

compared with variations observed between duplicate

specimens® Based on the behavior of the finish materials on asbestos -cement board (base material IV), it

wa.s decided to com.pl.ete the testing program of the

-5-

finish materials on three base materials (plywood I;

fiberboard II; gypsum, board III) with the exceptions

noted in Table II. To complete four replicate sets

for each of 28 finishes as applied to the various base

materials, a random, testing procedure was employed.

The averaged results are given In Table III and Table

IV. The weight of the smoke deposit reported is the

average for replicate specimens and is based upon at

least three determinations except in the instances

where a smoke deposit of less than 1.0 mg was obtained

in the first two determinations.

5o STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

For many materials, the standard deviation of a single

observation has been found to be almost proportional to

the magnitude of the flame spread index. The assumption of

this proportionality for the entire population tested

permits the use of a. logarithmic transformation which

stabilizes the variance. Such a transformation has been

used both in the analysis of variance which is summarized

in Table IIA of the Appendix and in preparing Figure 2.

The statistical measure used to compare precision

is the ratio (F ratio) of the square of the standard

deviation of the variable to the square of the standard

deviation of the error. Thus, the listed F ratios show

that variations assignable to finish material and base

material are more than 200 times the standard deviation.

A smaller but still significant- variation (F>25) is

assignable to the combined effect of (or interaction

between) finish and base material.

The standard deviation of a mean flame spread index

is given by the ratio of the standard deviation of a single

observation to the mean multiplied by I. where s .d. = 0.278

for this analysis and n Is
.

.
-6 -

the number of replicate tests „ Table IIIA in the Appendix shows the estimated standard deviation associated

with several mean values of the flame spread index when

averages of 1. 2, 4 or 5 tests are usedo Thus for four

replicate tests, the flame spread index has a standard

deviation of 13 «

9

percent of the mean,

6, DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The base material as well as the surface finish

material (and associated application materials) are

important factors in the flame spread behavior of a

composite test assembly. While a thick finish material almost completely masks any base material effect,

the base material behavior predominates in those test

assemblies with thin vinyl (M) or polyvinyl chloride

(Q) films. This is readily seen in Figure 2 in which

the dashed line represents the base material behavior.

Paints (U, V, W and X) and other thin coverings

(C, F) in the thickness range ,003 to ,010 in, considerably reduced the flame spread index of base materials I, II and III, Three mil (,003 in«) aluminum

foil reduced the flame spread index to 1,0, In the

thickness range ,010 to ,050 in,, higher flame spread

index values were obtained with these finish materials on a. fiberboard base than on the other base

materials. The base material does not appreciably

affect the flame spread index of an assembly in

which the finish material is greater than ,050 in,

thick (B, H, K, L, N, 0, P, R, T), Finish materials of the same general type but of different manufacture may vary considerably in flame spread characteristics (N vs 0),

- 7

-

It can be seen from Table III that the flame

spread indices for most finish materials on asbestos - cement board and on plaster are significantly lower

than on other base materials, with the index for

finish materials on fiberboard generally the highest.

One measure of the effect of base material is given

by the ratio of the flame spread index for a finish

material on a fiberboard base to its flame spread

index on a gypsum board base. The correlation with

finish material thickness is evident from Figure 3

and Table V,

Other commonly used interior finish materials

previously tested and reported (D have been included

in Table IV for comparison purposes.

Smoke measurements furnish an indication of the

interfereh.ee to be expected in fire-fighting or evacuation

procedures during a fire rather than fire intensity or

rapidity of flame spread, A smoke deposit of 1,0 mg

or less is generally obtained with materials which do not

evolve appreciable quantities of smoke according to visual

observations. Over half the assemblies tested evolved

less than 1,0 mg of smoke deposit. It was observed

that finish materials on a fiberboard base generally

produced greater smoke deposits than the same finish

materials on plywood, gypsum board or asbestos -cement

board bases. Polystyrene tile (K) evolved a very heavy

quantity of sooty smoke and considerable smoke was also

produced by linoleum tile (T), plastic-coated wall covering

(L) and the vinyl counter top materials (N, 0),

In order to present a more simple tabulation of

the results, the test assemblies have been grouped

according to the flame spread index data. Table VI

gives a listing of the test assemblies in order of

increasing flame spread values for three base materials o

It should be emphasized that the method of test

measures the flame spread properties of the exposed

surface of the test assembly only. Where assemblies

of this type are used for application directly to

studs or over other enclosed open spaces, it appears

highly desirable to obtain information on the flame

spread properties of the interior stud space lining

as well.

8

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to acknowledge the valuable

contribution of J. M 0 Cameron, Statistical Engineering Section, whose statistical analysis of the test

results aided considerably in its interpretationo

TABLE I. MATERIALS LIST

SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION thickness Densi ty

IN. lb/ft 3 i i plywood Exterior type Douglas firi£ grade a-c 1/4 39.0 2 il FIBERBOARD Building Board Class D finish 1/2 19.4

<111 GYP8UM BOARD 3/8 50.5 * » v asbestos-cement Board 3/1 « 99.3

CO V piaster l/l 6 IN. WHITE COAT; 7/ 1 8 IN. SAND BASE COAT; l/2 75.7

CD 3/8 IN. GYPSUM LATH

A ALUMINUM WALL TILE Linked wall tile; 4 in. square, light green .020 1 £ 1 • 5 B Enameled wall Enamel eakfd on felt backing; 4-1/2 in. square .055 8 4.9 Covering TILE DESIGN, GREEN WITH DARK GREEN BORDER

C Fabric wall covering Baked Enamel on cotton muslin, light green .009 80.9

0 wallpaper polyvinyl coated, light green .008 40.3

E Wallpaper 5 coats Embossed, light green . 03

S

41.8

F WALLPAPER 1 COAT embossed, light green .007 4 |. 8 G Wood veneer Random-grade oak wood veneer on cotton muslin .019 54.5

H cork tile Standard weight tile, 8x12 in. natural color .125 30.8

1 wall Cloth Plastic coating on cotton muslin, light green .01 1 70.3

J burlap imported jute fiber, natural color .025 30.4

K Polystyrene Wall tile, 8~i/2 in. square, light green .075 55.4

L Plastic-coated wall Clear plastic coating on felt backing; 4— */2 in. .050 85.9

-J< COVERING SQUARE TILE DESIGN, GREEN WITH DARK GREEN BORDER

cc M Vinyl Film Self-adhesive, knotty pine oesign .004 58.8 5

N VINYL COUNTER TOP VINYL SURFACE ON FELT BACKING, TURQUOISE .070 83.0 * 0 VINYL COUNTER TOP VINYL SURFACE ON FELT BACKING, CARIBBEAN TURQUOISE .052 79.8 5 p MELAMINE Baked melamine finish cm masonite hardboard .150 7|.8 Z PLAIN SURFACE TILEBOARD, APRIL GREEN “ Q Polyvinyl chloride TRANSPARENT FILM .003 89.2

R melamine Melamine-surfaced high pressure laminate

on hardboard; linen finish, green

.150 78.3

S ACRYLIC transparent sheet .250 74.5

T LINOLEUM TILE Laminated tile, 9 in. square, marbleized grey • 125 88.0

U Latex Paint Flat interior finish, dado green 88.5*

V alkyd Paint flat, aqua 100.0*

w 0LE0RESIN0U8 PAINT Flat, white 97.5*

X alkyo Paint gloss, light green 77.5*

Y Varnish Interior varnish, clear color 55.0*

Z Shellac Whi te 57.8* DO Protected metal mica-impregnated, asphalt-covered steel, coated

both sides, u.S.S. 22 gauge flat stock, black

.077 241.0

HH Protected metal asphalt and asbestos-covered steel, weather-coated

ONE SIDE, U.G.S. 22 GAUGE FLAT STOCK, BLACK

.074 241.0

a Enamel Undercoat ALKYD FLAT, WHITE b primer-sealer ALKYD, WHITE c oil pigment Light chrome green * d wall tile adhesive RESIN TYPE, WHITE 5 e Wall covering paste BROWN E f size Cold water sizing * K Wallpaper paste WHEAT PASTE § h OIL STAIN Dark Oak color " i Plywood conditioner CLEAR COLOR 5 j GLUE tileboard adhesive

5! k Tileboard cement resin type * 1 LINOLEUM PASTE m LINOLEUM LINING FELT Asphalt-saturated lining felt n WALL TILE CEMENT Waterproof wall tile cement P WALL TILE GROUT Waterproof wall tile grouting compound, white

• Liquid densi ty

Table II. Schedule for Preparation of Test Assemblies

Finish Application Base Materials

Material Materials Plywood Fiber- Gypsum Asbestos Pla

(in order of board board cement

application to board

base material) I II III IV V

A n,p X X X X

B JL &H»,1*** X X X X

C f,g X X X

D f,g

Jt X X X X X

E* f,g* X X X

F f ,g X X X X

G f,g X X X

H e X X X X

I f,g X X X

J f,g X X X

K d X X X

L JHs,m

/v " X X X X

M Z X X X

N JL,m,iL X X X X

0 JU.JL X X X

P k X X X

Q X X X

R j X X X

S

T e X X X

U i

b

X X X X

V i*5H%b X X X

W i-^-,b,c X X X

X i«*,b,a X X X X

Y i,b X

Z h ? ijb X

DD

HH

•ft £ coats

•ft-ft Applied on plywood base only

•ft-ft-ft Applied on plywood and fiberboard bases only

FINISH

MATERIAL

l Fabric Wall

Covering

C Fabric Wall

Covering

a ALUMINUM

wall Tile

n Vinyl

Counter top w oleoresinous

Paint

E Wallpaper

5 Coats

F Wallpaper

l Coat

V ALKYO Paint Flat

p melamine

R MELAMINE

U Latex Paint

x alkyd Paint

Gloss

D Wallpaper

b enameled Wall

covering

0 VINYL Counter Top m Vinyl Film

T linoleum tile

Y Varnish

G WOOD VENEER

J Burlap

q polyvinyl

chloride

1 plastic-coated

wall Covering

k Polystyrene

h Cork tile

1 SHELLAC

Base material

No finish

TABLE III. FLAME SPREAD AND SMOKE DEPOSIT DATA

PLYWOOD BASE FIBERBOARD

BASE

GYPSUM BOARD

base

ASBESTOS-CEMENT

BOARD BASE PLASTER

BASE Flame Smoke Flame Smoke Flame Smoke Flame Smoke flame Smoke

spread mg SPREAD MG SPREAD MG SPREAD mg spread mg Index Index Index Index Index

18 1.9 24 2.1 4.5 <1.0

23 <1.0 25 <1.0 3.9 <1.0

33 1.7 39 3.4 6.2 <1.0 2.4 <1.0

40 7.7 52 7.7 34. 8. 1 30 6.5

58 <1.0 18 <1-0 3.5 <1.0

61 < 1.0 316 <1.0 35. <1.0

64 <1.0 76 <1.0 5.6 <1.0 0.0 <1.0

69 < s.o 40 <1.0 0.8 <1.0

90 6.4 30 S.7 57. 4. 1 92 3.5 122 4.7 84. 3.0

93 1.3 66 <9.0 8.9 <1.0 1.6 <1.0

97 1.7 108 <1.0 8.0 <1.0 9.7 <1.0

9e <1.0 193 <1.0 20. <1.0 1.2 <1.0 0.0 <1.0

no 6.0 116 4.9 67 2. 1 46 2.3

i 2

1

7.9 996 8.3 9? 7.6

128 2.4 144 2.2 21 1.

1

129 90. 1 9 72 93.9 106 6.5

162 <8.0

163 <9.0 997 <1.0 58 <10

163 <9.0 279 < l.C 908 <1.0

209 <9.0 9 09 <1.0 23 <1.0

293 8.2 394 8.7 253 7.0 57 4.9

590 13.7 520 20.1 335 17.5

642 9.5 560 1.7 6)0 1.7 496 1*2 832 <1.0

195 0.8 1 10 0.5 22 0. 1 0.0 0.0

Table IV. Additional Flame Spread and Smoke Deposit Data

Finish Material Flame

Spread

Index

Smoke

Deposit

Unbacked Materials

mg

S Acrylic 616 2.8

DD Protected Metal 1.6 £ 1.0

HH Protected Metal 7.3 < 1.0

Materials Previously Tested

Aluminum foil («003 n

) on plywood © o

1

—

1

0.1

Cellulose - mineral board 1.3 0.1

Mineral-base acoustic tile 10.^ o « o Fire-retardant paint on plywood 33 1.2

Red oak 99 0.3

Perforated fiberboard acoustic tile 116 0.3

Common hardboard 136 4.1

Table V. Effect of Base Material

Finish

Material

Thickness

in.

Eatio

I s on Fiberboard

base

Eatio

I s on Fiberboard

base

I s on Gypsum

board base

I

s on Asbestoscement board base

Q .003 4.74

V .003 50.0

w o00l+ 5.15

u o o o -ct 7.42 60

M .004 6.85

X .005 13.5 57

F .007 13.6

D .008 9.65 85

C .009 8.05

I .011 5<>33

G .019 3.40

A .020 6.29 14

J .025 2.58

E *035 3.32

L .050 1.56 5*1

B • 055 lo 73 2.4

0 .062 2.02

N .070 1.53 1.4

K .075 1*55

H .125 0.92 1.3

T .125 1.62

P .150 I 0 I4-O E .150 1.45

Table VI® Summary of Results Arranged in Order of Increasing

Flame Spread Index Values for Three Base Materials

Flame Spread Index Range 0-50 ; Plywood Base Fiberboard Base

I

C

A

N

Fabric wall W

covering I

Fabric wall

covering C

Aluminum wall

tile A

Vinyl countertop V

Oleoresinous paint V

Fabric wall cover- C

ing

Fabric wall cover- W

ing I

Aluminum wall tile

Alkyd paint flat F

A

X

U

D

M

Q

N

E

Flame Spread Index Range ^0-100 : W Oleoresinous N

paint U

E Wallpaper £ F

coats P

F Wallpaper 1

coat

V Alkyd paint

flat

P Melamine

R Melamine

U Latex paint

X Alkyd paint

gloss

D Wallpaper

Vinyl counter top P

Latex paint G

Wallpaper 1 coat B

Melamine

R

0

Gypsum Board Base

Alkyd paint flat

Fabric wall covering

Oleoresinous paint

Fabric wall covering

Wallpaper 1 coat

Aluminum wall tile

Alkyd paint gloss

Latex paint

Wallpaper

Vinyl film

Polyvinyl chloride

Vinyl counter top

Wallpaper 5 coats

Melamine

Wood veneer

Enameled wall

covering

Melamine

Vinyl counter top

APPENDIX

Table IA. Flame Spread Index Values for Analysis of "Order

Within a Day” and "Day-to-day" Effects

Order

of -4 1 2

Test

Day

1 L-I

228

N-II

32

2 N-I

47

L-II

284

3 B-II

137

H-I

458

4

H-II

595

B-I

112

5

A-III

9.9

D-IV

1.4

6 D-III

24

A-IV

2.7

7 TJ-IV

2o5

X-III

7.7

8 X-IV

3.0

U-III

8.2

3 4 5

B-III H-IV A-I

67 410 27

H-III B-IV D-I

580 41 81

L-IV N-III U-II

57 33 61

N-IV L-III X-II

32 360 113

U-I X-II L-III

93 102 220

X-I U-II N-III

113 75 37

A-II D-I B-IV

69 110 32

D-II A-I H-IV

197 43 582

6 7 8

D-II

150

U-III

7.4

X-IV

1.0

A-II

43

X-III

7.8

U-IV

1.6

X-I

85

A-IV

3.2

D-III

15

U-I

86

D-IV

1.6

A-III

6.7

N-IV

29

B-I

91

H-II

434

L-IV

51

H-I

715

B-II

79

H-III

686

L-II

406

N-I

39

B-III

58

N-II

66

L-I

408

Symbols for Test Assembly Designation:

Finish Material Base Material

A Aluminum wall tile I Plywood

B Enameled wall covering II• Fiberboard

D Wallpap er III Gypsum board

H Cork tile IV Asbestos -cement

board

L Plastic-coated wall covering

N Vinyl counter top

U Latex paint

X Alkyd paint gloss
V*

*•

'
APPENDIX

Table IIA. Analysis of Variance

(based upon common logarithm of flame spread index)

4 replicate tests on each test assembly

8 Finish Materials on 4 Base Materials

A,B,D,H,L,N,U,X

Source

of

Variati on

Sum

of

Squares

Degrees

of

Freedom

Mean Square F Ratio

Finish 39.4180 7 5.6311 329

Base 23-5800 3 7.8600 460

Finish x Base 12.9686 21 0.6175 36.1

Replicates (Error) 1.6412 96 0.017096

127

16 Finish Materials on 3 Base Materials

C,E,F,G,I,J,K,M, 0,P,Q,R,T , V, W, base materials ( no finish)

Source Sum Degrees Mean Square F Ratio

of of of

Variation Squares Freedom

Finish 39.1125 15 2.6075 202

Base 17.0332 2 8,5166 658

Finish x Base 10.3374 30 0.3446 26.6

Replicates (Error) 1,8638 144 0.012943

191

If the standard deviation of a measurement, I s , is proportional

to the mean, i.e. Sod 0 (I s ) = "Xl s , then the standard deviation of

loglOls given approximately by /s.d. (log^glsi/ = O.I89 X2

. On the analysis for the 8 test assemblies on 4 base materials,

0.017096 = 0 . 189 }? or \= 0 „ 30 o

On the analysis for the 16 test assemblies on 3 base materials,

0.012943 = 0 . 189 }? or >,= 0.26.

For the combined analysis, 0.014604 = O.I 89 }? or X= 0.278.

APPENDIX

Table IIIAo Estimated Standard Deviation of Mean for a Number

of Replicate Tests

Mean Number of Replicate Tests

1 2 4 5

1 • 278 .196 .139 .124

10 2.78 1.96 1.39 1.24

£0 13.9 9.80 6.95 6.20

100 27.8 19.6 13.9 12.4

200 5£o6 39.2 27.8 24.8

300 83.4 58.8 41.7 37.2

500 139 98.0 69.5 62.0
i

'
Figure 1. Radiant Panel Test Apparatus

FIG. 2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FLAME SPREAD INDEX

OF TEST ASSEMBLIES WITH THIN FILMS AND FLAME

SPREAD INDEX OF BASE MATERIAL

50rp“

40

30

UJ

Cf) <

CDQ

DC<

O

CD

irUJ

CD2O

UJg20

CDQ

DC<O

CD2

£ io

S

9

2 8

O

in 7(

< 5

DC

I

50

.02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12 THICKNESS OF FINISH MATERIAL, INCHES

FIG. 3 EFFECT OF FINISH MATERIAL TH ICKNESS UPON

FLAME SPREAD INDEX RATIO FOR TWO BASE MATERIALS
>
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