^

I nSSonsi Bureau of Standard

wa;

NBS

PUBLICATIONS

VS71

NATL INST OF STAND & TECH

A11107 Eb331Q

Hydraulic Research

in the United States

1968

United States Department of Commerce

National Bureau of Standards

Special Publication 316-
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards ' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. Today,

in addition to serving as the Nation's central measurement laboratory, the Bureau is a principal

focal point in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical and

engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce. To this end

the Bureau conducts research and provides central national services in four broad program

areas. These are: (1) basic measurements and standards, (2) materials measurements and

standards, (3) technological measurements and standards, and (4) transfer of technology.

The Bureau comprises the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the

Institute for Applied Technology, the Center for Radiation Research, the Center for Computer

Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs.

THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United

States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with

measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and

uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of an Office of Measurement Services and the following technical

divisions:Applied Mathematics—Electricity—Metrology—Mechanics—Heat—Atomic and Molecular Physics—Radio Physics - —Radio Engineering -—Time and Frequency - —Astrophysics - —Cryogenics.

THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized

materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; develops,

produces, and distributes standard reference materials; relates the physical and chemical properties of materials to their behavior and their interaction with their environments; and provides

advisory and research services to other Government agencies. The Institute consists of an Office

of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry—Polymers—Metallurgy—Inorganic Materials—Physical Chemistry.

THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote

the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations in the development of technological

standards, and test methodologies; and provides advisory and research services for Federal, state, and local government agencies. The Institute consists of the following technical divisions and

offices: Engineering Standards—Weights and Measures — Invention and Innovation — Vehicle

Systems Research—Product Evaluation—Building Research—Instrument Shops—Measurement Engineering—Electronic Technology—Technical Analysis.

THE CENTER FOR RADIATION RESEARCH engages in research, measurement, and application of radiation tb the solution of Bureau mission problems and the problems of other agencies and institutions. The Center consists of the following divisions: Reactor Radiation—Linac Radiation—Nuclear Radiation—Applied Radiation.

THE CENTER FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and

provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in the selection, acquisition,

and effective use of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus

for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques,

and computer languages. The Center consists of the following offices and divisions: Information Processing Standards—Computer Information — Computer Services — Systems Development—Information Processing Technology.

THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and

accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal

government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System, and provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following

organizational units:

Office of Standard Reference Data—Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical

Information ' —Office of Technical Information and Publications—Library—Office of

Public Information—Office of International Relations.

' Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Mainland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234.

^ Located at Boulder. Colorado 80302.

' Located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE • Maurice H. Stans, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • A. V. Astin, Director

Hydraulic Research

in the United States

1968

(Including Contributions from Canadian Laboratories I

Edited by Gershon Kulin

|j, S , National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 316,

' * ' Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 316, 331 pages (June 1969)

CODEN: XNBSA

Issued June 1969

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.50
r.mm.L e:'::vj of staxdsrds

MAR 3 1979

ABSTRACT

Cxorrent and recently concluded research projects in hydraulics

and hydrodynamics for the years 1967-1968 are summarized.

Projects from more than 200 university, industrial, state and

federal government laboratories in the United States and Canada

are reported.

Key words: Hydraulics; hydraulic research; hydraulic engineering;

hydrodynamics; project summaries

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 34-3323

ii
PREFACE

"Hydraulic Research in the United States" first appeared in 1933

in answer to a need for a publication devoted to keeping hydraulicians

aware of pertinent current activity in research laboratories throughout the United States and Canada. With the exception of a few World

War II years, it was published annually thro\:igh I966, after which

publication became biennial.

The National Bureau of Standards appreciates the cooperation of

the more than 200 organizations which have contributed to this issue

their summaries of hydraulic and hydrologic research and of other

fluid mechanics research of interest and usefulness to hydraulicians.

Although efforts are made to solicit reports from all laboratories whose

work comes to our attention, the National Bureau of Standards cannot assume responsibility for the completeness of this publication. We must

depend in the last analysis upon reporting laboratories for the comple- teness of the coverage of their own programs and upon new laboratories

engaged in pertinent research to bring their activities to our attention.

Detailed information regarding the research projects reported here

should be obtained from the correspondent listed under (c) or immediately

following the title of the organization reporting the work. The

National Bureau of Standards does not maintain a file of publications,

reports or other detailed infonnation on research projects reported by

other laboratories. It is of course understood that laboratories submitting reports on their work will be willing to supply additional

information to properly qualified inquirers.

A similar bulletin, "Hydraulic Research, " compiled and published

biennially by the International Association for Hydraulic Research,

contains information on hydraulic research being conducted in all

countries other than the United States and Canada. This bulletin is

edited by Prof. H.J. Schoemaker, Director, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory,

Delft, The Netherlands, and Secretary of the International Association

for Hydraulic Research. Copies are available to nonmembers of the

International Association for Hydraulic Research from the Secretary at $7>50 each (postage by siarface mail included).

There is also available the "Water Resources Research Catalog,"

prepared by the Science Information Exchange of the Smithsonian

Institution for the Office of Water Resources Research, U.S. Department

of the Interior. Volume 3 is available from the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402,

at $6.75 per copy. (See also "Key to Projects" on next page).

iii
CONTENTS

Page

Abstract

Preface

List of Contributing Laboratories

Project Reports from

ii

111V

University, State and Industrial Laboratories

U.S. Government Laboratories

Canadian Laboratories

1

Subject IndeX'

155

273

KEY TO PROJECTS

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

Number and title of project

Project numbers, once assigned, are repeated in each issue

for identification purposes until the project is completed. In this issue the numbers 60kh and above refer to projects

being reported for the first time. Numbers followed by W, e.g. (OOlW), refer to projects which are included here by

title only, but which are completely summarized in "Water Resources Research Catalog." (See "Preface")

Project conducted for

Projects which are not under outside sponsorship are identified here as "laboratory projects."

Correspondent

Where there is no entry here, please see the correspondent

cited directly below the name of the contributing laboratory.

(See also "Preface")

Mature of project

Description of project

Present status Absence of an entry here Implies that the project was in an active status as of the time of submission.

Results

Publications

IV
LIST OF COWTRIBUTIMG lABORATORIES

AIABAMA., UNIVERSITY OF, HUFTSVILLE

Research Institute, Huntsville, Ala. 35807

Dr. C.C. Shih, Prof, of Engrg. Mechanics

ARIZONA. STATE UMIVERSITY

Dept. of Mechanical Engrg., Tempe,

Prof. Warren Rice, Chairman

Ariz. 85281

ARIZONA, UNIVERSITY OF Dept. of Civil Engrg., Tucson, Ariz. 85721

Dr. Emmet M. Laursen, Head

ARKANSAS, UNIVERSITY OF Dept. of Civil Engrg.

Fayetteville, Arkansas 727OI

Prof. L.R. Heiple, Head

BOEING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH lABORATORIES

Flight Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 398I

Seattle, Washington 98l2i+ A. Goldburg, Head, Flight Sciences Lab.

BROOKLYN, POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF

333 Jay Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201

Prof. Matthew W. Stewart, Civil Engrg.

BUFFALO, STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK (AT)

Dept. of Civil Engrg,, Buffalo, N.Y. Ih21k

Dr. Ralph R. Rumer, Chairman

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Engrg. Science Dept., Pasadena, Calif. 91109

Dr. Milton S. Plesset, Prof, of Engrg. Science

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

W.M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and

Water Resources, Pasadena, Calif. 9IIO9

Dr. Vito A. Vanoni, Professor of Hydraulics

CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF, BERKELEY

College of Engineering, Berkeley, Calif. 9k'J20 Prof. J.W. Johnson, Hydraulic Engineering

CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF, BERKELEY

Dept. of Naval Architecture

Berkeley, California 9^-^20 Prof. J.R. Paulling, Chairman

CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF, DAVIS

College of Agriculture, Davis, Calif.

Prof. Verne H. Scott, Chairman

Dept. of Water Science and Engrg.

95616

CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF, SAN DIEGO

See Scripps Institution of Oceanography

CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, THE

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Wash. D.C. 20017

Dr. B.S. Browzin, Prof. Civil Engrg.

CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, THE

Dept. of Space Science and Appl. Physics

Washington, D. C. 20017

Prof. C.C. Chang, Head

12

11+

CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF, LOS ANGELES 17

Dept. of Engineering, Los Angeles, Calif. 900214- C. Starr, Dean, College of Engineering

18

18

18

CINCINNATI, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Chemical Engrg. and Metallurgical

Engrg., Cincinnati, Ohio lj-5221 Dr. D. Hershey, Assoc. Prof., Chem. Engrg.

CINCINNATI, UNIVERSITY OF

Civil Engrg. Dept., Cincinnati, Ohio i+5221 Dr. Louis M. Laushey, Head

CITY COLLEGE OF HEW YORK

See New York, City College of

CLARKSON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Dept. of Chemical Engrg., Potsdam, N.Y. I3676

Prof. William N, Gill, Chairman

COASTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

See U.S. Government

COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engrg., Engrg. Research Center

Fort Collins, Colo. 80521

Dr. D.B. Simons, Assoc. Dean

COLORADO, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Boulder, Colo. 80302

J. Ernest Flack, Director, Water Resources

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Civil Engrg. and Engrg. Mechanics

New York, N.Y. 10027

Prof. Richard Skalak, Civil Engrg.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

Lamont Geological Observatory

See separate listing

CONNECTICUT, UNIVERSITY OF

School of Engineering, Storrs, Conn. O6268

Prof. C.J. Posey, Civil Engineering

CONRAC CORPORATION

P.O. Box 32, Caldwell, New Jersey O7OO6

E. Martinez, Manager, Fluidics

CORNELL AERONAUTICAL LABORATORY, INC. P.O. Box 235, Buffalo, N.Y. 11+221 Mr. Harold A. Cheilek, Vice-Pres . -Technical

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

School of Civil Engrg., Dept. of Hydraulics

and Hydraulic Engrg., Ithaca, N.Y. 11+850 Dr. J. A. Liggett

DELAWARE, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Newark, Del.

Prof. Eugene Chesson, Jr., Chairman

19711

DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT COMPANY, INC. 3855 Lakewood Blvd., Long Beach, Calif. 908OI

N.A. Carhart, Vice Pres., Advanced Systems

and Technology

FLORIDA, UNIVERSITY OF

Engineering and Industrial Exp. Station

Dept. of Coastal and Oceanographic Engrg.

Gainesville, Florida 32603

Dr. Robert G. Dean, Chairman of Dept.

19

18

83

19

181

19

25

25

25

25

26

26

27

28

29

31

V
GENERAL DYWm.CS, CONVAIR DIVISION

P.O. Box 1128, San Diego,. Calif. 92112

M. Dublin, Chief Technical Engr.

Aerospace Technology

GENERAL DYNAMICS, ELECTRIC BOAT DIVISION

Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 063'+0 V.T. Boatwright, Jr., Director, Research

and Development

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

Research and Development Center

P.O. Box 8, Schenectady, New York 12301

Dr. William J. Love, Actg. Mgr., Fluids

Branch, Mechanical Technology Laboratory

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

Space Sciences Laboratory

P.O. Box 8555, Philadelphia, Pa. I9IOI

S.M. ScalB,, Mgr., Theoretical Fluid Physics

GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Civil Engrg., Atlanta, Ga.

Dr. W.M. Sangster, Director

30332

GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Engrg. Mechanics, Atlanta, Ga. Milton E. Ravllle, Director

30332

GRUMMAN AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING CORP. Research Dept., Fluid Mechanics Sec. Bethpage, L.I., N.Y. lYJlk

Dr. Charles E. Mack, Jr., Dir. of Research

HAWAII, UNIVERSITY OF

Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

Dr. John S. Williams, Civil Engrg. Dept.

HAWAII, UNIVERSITY OF J.K.K. Look Lab. of Oceanographic

Engineering, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

Howard P. Harrenstien, Director

HOUSTON, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Mechanical Engrg., Cullen Blvd.

Houston, Texas TTOOi)- Asst. Prof. Charles Dalton

33

3k

35

35

35

39

39

39

1^0

k-0

ILLINOIS, UNIVERSITY OF kl

Dept. of Agricultural Engrg., Urbana

Illinois 61803

Dr. Frank B. Lanham, Head

ILLINOIS, UNIVERSITY OF 1^8 Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Engrg.

Urbana, Illinois 61803

Prof. Thomas J. Hanratty, Chem. Engrg.

ILLINOIS, UNIVERSITY OF 50

Civil Engrg. Dept., Urbana, 111. 61803

Dr. V.T. Chow, Prof. Hydraulic Engrg.

ILLINOIS, UNIVERSITY OF 1^8 Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

21k- Talbot Laboratory, Urbana, 111. 61803

Prof. T.J. Dolan, Head

IOWA INSTITUTE OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH 53

Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 522il-0 Dr. John F. Kennedy, Director

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 58

Dept. of Agric. Engrg., Ames, Iowa 5OOIO

Dr. Howard P. Johnson, Professor

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 59

Dept. of Agronomy, Ames, Iowa 50010

Prof. Don Kirkham

IOWA, UNIVERSITY OF 59

Dept. of Mechanical Engrg., Iowa City

Iowa 52214.0 Prof. Thomas P. Anderson, Head

IOWA, UNIVERSITY OF 60

Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research

See separate listing

JOHNS HOPKINGS UNIVERSITY 60

Applied Physics Lab., 8621 Georgia Ave. Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

B.H. Buckingham, Asst. to Director

KANSAS, UNIVERSITY OF 60

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Lawrence, Kan. 66o41t Prof. Y.W. Yu

HYDRONAUTICS, INCORPORATED

Pindell School Road, Laurel

Howard County, Maryland 208l0

Mr. Phillip Eisenberg, President

IDAHO, UNIVERSITY OF

Engrg. Exp. Station, Moscow, Idaho 83843

R.E. Warner, Associate Director

IIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

10 West 35th Street, Chicago, 111. 60616

Dr. E.H. Schulz, Director

ILLINOIS, STATE OF

Division of Waterways, Dept. of Public

Works and Bldgs ., 201 W . Monroe Street

Springfield, Illinois 62706

Mr. John C. Guillou, Chief Waterway Engr.

ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY DIVISION

Box 232, Urbana, Illinois 6l802

Mr. William C. Ackerman, Chief

in

1^2

i^5

it.6

l^6

KENTUCKY, UNIVERSITY OF 6I

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Lexington, Ky. I+O506 Don J. Wood, Assoc. Professor

LAMONT GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY 62

Colximbia Univ., Palisades, New York lOgGk

Dr. Takashi Ichiye

LEHIGH UNIVERSITY 63

Dept. of Civil Engineering

Fritz Engrg. Lab., Bethlehem, Pa. 18OI5

Dr. W.H. Graf, Chairman, Hydraulic and

Sanitary Engineering Division

LOCKHEED CALIFORNIA COMPANY 65 Burbank, California 91503

A.J. Carsola, Manager, Oceanlcs Dlv.

LOUISANA STATE UNIVERSITY AND A AND M COLLEGE 66

Agric. Engrg. Dept., Baton Rouge, La. 70803

Mr. Harold T. Barr, Head

LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AND A AND M COLLEGE 66

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Baton Rouge, La. 70803

Dr. F.J. Germano, Head
67

67

68

7^

LTV RESEARCH CENTER

Ling-Teiiico-Vo\;ight, Inc. P.O. Box 6lkh, Dallas, Texas 75222

H-B. Gibbons, Director

MAEINE ADVISERS, INC. P.O. Box 1963, LaJolla, Calif. 92037

R.D. Plunkett, Manager, Studies Dept.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Cambridge, Mass. 02139

Dr, Arthur T. Ippen, Head

Hydrodynamics Laboratory

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Cambridge, Mass. 02139

Prof. Ascher H. Shapiro, In Charge

Flioid Mechanics Division

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 75 Dept. of Naval Architecture and Marine Engrg.

Ship Model Towing Tank, Cambridge, Mass. 02139

Prof. Martin A. Abkowitz, Director

MASSACHUSETTS, UNIVERSITY OF 76

School of Engrg., Amherst, Mass. OIOO3

Dr. Kennerth G. Picha, Dean of Engrg.

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 77

Dept. of Civil Engrg., East Lansing, Mich.

i+8823 Charles E. Cutts, Chairman

MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF 77

Dept. of Civil Engrg.

320 W. Engrg. Bldg., Ann Arbor, Mich. '+810'+ Dr. E.F. Brater

MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF 79

Dept. of Engineering Mechanics

Ann Arbor, Michigan '+810'+ Dr. J.W. Daily, Chairman

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 78

Dept. of Nuclear Engrg., Lab. for Fluid Flow

and Heat Transport Phenomena, Ann Arbor,

Michigan '+810'+ Prof. F.G. Hammitt, Director

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 79

Ship Hydrodynamics Laboratory

Ann Arbor, Michigan '+810'+ Prof. Finn C. Michelsen, Director

MINNESOTA, UNIVERSITY OF 80

See St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.

MISSOURI, UNIVERSITY OF 80

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Columbia, Mo. 65202

Dr. Adrian Pauw, Chairman

MISSOURI, UNIVERSITY OF, AT ROLLA 82

Dept. of Chemical Engrg., Rolla, Mo. 65'+01 Professor Jacques L. Zakin

MISSOURI, UNIVERSITY OF, AT ROLLA 80

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Rolla, Mo. 65'+01 Dr. J.H. Serine, Jr., Chairman

MOBIL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 83

Research Dept., P.O. Eo/. 9OO

Dallas, Texas 75221

C.S. Kuhn, Manager, Production Research

MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY

Agricultural Exp. Sta., Bozeman, Mont. 59715

Prof. Charles C. Bowman, Head

Agricultural Engineering Dept

.

NARRAGANSETT MARINE LABORATORY

See Rhode Island, University of

NEW YORK, STATE UNIVERSITY OF, AT BUFFALO

See Buffalo

NEW YORK, THE CITY COLLEGE OF

Dept. of Civil Engrg., New York,

Prof. J.R. Stevens, Director,

Fluid Mechanics Lab.

N.Y. 10031

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY

Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences

251 Mercer St., New York, N.Y. 10012

Prof. C.S. Morawetz

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Chemical Engrg., University Heights,

New York, N.Y. 101+53 Prof. John Happel, Chairman

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Water Resources Lab.

University Heights, New York, N.Y. 101+53 Dr. William E. Dobbins, Director

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Meteorology and Oceanography

University Heights, New York, N.Y. 101+53 Gerhard Neumann, Prof, of Oceanography

NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC. Space and Information Systems Div.

122^ Lakewood Blvd., Downey, Calif. 902'+l W.H.T. Loh, Mgr., Science and Technology

Research, Engineering and Test

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Engrg. and Research

Raleigh, North Carolina 27607

N.W. Conner, Asst. Dean for Research

NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY

Agricultural Engrg. Dept., Fargo, N.D. Prof. W.J. Promersberger , Chairman

58103

NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Physics, Marquette, Mich. 1+9855 Dr. Robert T. Wagner, Head

NORTHERN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING CORP. 219 Vassar St., Cambridge, Mass. 02139

Dr. Willem Jansen, Staff Engineer

NORTH STAR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE

3100 38th Ave. South, Minneapolis,

Minn., 55'+06 R.Q. Wilson, Vice President

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

The Technological Inst.,

Dean Harold B. Gotaas

NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Evanston, 111 60201

Notre Dame, Ind. 1+6556

NOTRE DAME UNIVF.RSITY Dept. of Mech. Engrg., Notre Dame, Ind.

Dr. E.U. Jerf'/.T, Chairman

1+6556

vii
OAX RIDGE NATIONAL lABORATORY

P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge Tennessee

Dr. Alvin M. Weinberg, Director

37830

OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

CENTER

Dept. of Agricultural Engrg., Wooster, Ohio kk691

Dr. R.E. Stewart, Chairman

91

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Agronomy Dept., Columbus, Ohio

Prof. George S. Taylor

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

143210

Water Resources Center, Coliinbufi,0hio ^3210

Prof. George S. Taylor

OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY

Engrg. Exp. Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331

James G. Knudsen, Asst. Dean of Engrg.

PEC Research Associates, Inc. P.O. Box 3i)-35, Boulder, Colorado 80302

Donald G. Burkhard, Research Director

PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Civil Engrg., University Park,

Pennsylvania l6802

Prof. Sam Shulits, Head, Hydraulics Lab.

PENNSYLVAmA STATE UNIVERSITY

Ordnance Research Laboratory

University Park, Pennsylvania l6802

Dr. J.C. Johnson, Director

PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Towne School of Civil and Mechanical Engrg.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania igiCt

Dr. Iraj Zandi, Assoc. Prof.

PITTSBURGH, UNIVERSITY OF

Chemical and Petroleum Engrg. Dept.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

Asst. Prof. George E. Klinzing

PURDUE UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Agricultural Engrg.

Lafayette, Indiana l*-7907 Dr. G.W. Isaacs, Head

PURDUE UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Agronomy, Lafayette, Ind. 1^7907 Dr. J.B. Peterson, Head

PURDUE UNIVERSITY

School of ChemJ-cal Engrg.

Lafayette, Indiana 1+7907 R.A. Greenkorn, Head

PURDUE UNIVERSITY

School of Civil Engrg.

Lafayette, Indiana 1+7907 Dr. G.A. Leonards, Head

PURDUE UNIVERSITY

School of Mechanical Engrg.

Lafayette, Indiana 1+7907 Prof. P.W. McFadden, Head

PURDUE UNIVERSITY

School of Mechanical Engrg., Automatic

Control Laboratory

Lafayette, Ind. 1+7907 Dr. Rufus Oldenburger, Director

91

92

92

93

93

9k

96

97

97

98

99

100

103

103

PURDUE UNIVERSITY

School of Mechanical Engrg.

Center, Lafayette, Indiana

B.A. Reese, Director

, Jet Propulsion

1+7907

RAND CORPORATION, THE

Dept. of Geophysics and Astronomy

1700 Main St., Santa Monica, Calif. 9OI+O6 Dr. S.M. Greenfield, Head of Dept.

RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

Dept. of Mathematics, Troy, N.Y. Professor Richard C. DiPrima

12181

RHODE ISLAND, UNIVERSITY OF

Narragansett Marine Laboratory

Kingston, R.I. 02881

Dr. John A. KnauBS, Dean, Graduate School

of Oceanography

102

103

105

105

ROBERT TAGGART INCORPORATED

3930 Walnut St., Fairfax, Va. 22030

ROCKETDYNE

6633 Canoga Ave., Canoga Park, Calif. 913OI+ S.F. lacobellis. Dir., Advanced

Projects/Marketing, Large Engines

ROCKY MOUNTAIN HYDRAULIC LABORATORY

Allenspark, Colorado 805IO

Prof. C.J. Posey, Director (Winter address: Box U-37, Univ. of Conn., Storrs, Conn. O6268)

ST ANTHONY FALLS HYDRAULIC LABORATORY

University of Minnesota

Mississippi R. at Third Avenue, S.E. Minneapolis, Minn. 551+55 Prof. Edward Silberman, Director

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEAI^OGRAPHY

University of California, San Diego

LaJolla, Calif. 92037

Dr. W.H. Munk, Assoc. Dir., Inst, of

Geophysics and Planetary Physics

SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY

Dept, of Civil Engrg., Rapid City, S.D. 57701

Professor Shu-t'ien Li

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Mechanical Engrg., University Park,

Los Angeles, Calif. 9OOO7

Prof. Raymond C. Binder

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Foundation for Cross-Connection Control

Research, School of Engrg., University Park,

Los Angeles, Calif. 9OOO7

Prof. E. Kent Springer, Director of Foundation

SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Dept. of Mechanical Sciences

8500 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, Tex. 78206

Dr. H. Norman Abramson, Director of Dept.

STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Menlo Park, California 91+025 Dale H. Hutchison, Asst. Vice President

123

105

106

106

113

113

113

111+

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Stanford, Calif.

Prof. Ray K. Linsley, Executive Head

91+305

111+

115

115

viii
STAMFORD UNIVERSITY

Mechanical Engrg. Dept., Thermosciences Div.

Stanford, California g'+SOS

Professor S.J. Kline

STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Davidson Lab., Hoboken, New Jersey O703O

John P. Breslin, Director

SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Syracuse, N.Y. I321O

Dr. W.-H. Li, Prof, of Civil Engrg.

SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engrg.

Syractise, New York 13210

Dr. S. Eskinazi

TAGGART, ROBERT, INCORPORATED

See Robert Taggart

TENNESSEE, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Chemical and Metallurgical Engrg.

fCnoxville, Tennessee 37916

H.F. Johnson, Head

TEXAS A and M UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Co]J.ege Sta., Texas

778i).3 Dr. J.B. Herbich, Head, Hydraulic Engrg.,

Fluid Mechanics, and Coastal and Ocean Engrg.

TEXAS A and M UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Oceanography, College Sta.,

Texas TjQk^

Richard A. Geyer, Head of Dept.

TEXAS A and M UNIVERSITY

Water Resources Institute

College Station, Texas 778*+

3

Ernest T. Smerdon, Director

TEXAS, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Austin, Tex. 78712

Dr. Walter L. Moore, Professor

TRACOR, INC. 627 Lofstrand Lane Rockville, Maryland 2085O

Roy Whymark, Director, Appl. Physics

TRW SYSTEMS GROUP

Engineering Mechanics Lab.

One Space Park, Redondo Beach, Calif. 90278

Dr. M.V. Barton, Director

UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY

Utah Water Research Laboratory

Logan, Utah 8k321

Jay M. Bagley, Director

VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY

Dept. of Sanitary and Water Resources Engrg.

Nashville, Tennessee 37203

Dr. Peter A. Krenkel, Chairman

VIDYA DIVISION, ITEK CORP

Applied Mechanics Dept.

1450 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, Calif. 9'^30k

116

118

122

123

123

123

12k

VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Blacksburg,

Dr. H.M. Morris, Head

121+

125

126

131

131

132

11+1

IIH

11+2

VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE ll+3 Dept. of Mech. Engrg., Blacksburg, Va. 2l+06l Dr. J.B. Jones, Head

WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 11+1+ The R.L. Albrook Hydraulic Laboratory

Pullman, Washington 99163

Dr. E. Roy Tinney, Head

WASHINGTON, UNIVERSITY OF 11+5 Dept. of Civil Engrg., Charles W. Harris

Hydraulic Lab., Seattle, Eash. 98IO5

Prof. T.H. Campbell, Director

WASHINGTON, UNIVERSITY OF ll+5 Dept. of Oceanography, Seattle, Wash. 98IO5

Professor Maurice Rattray, Jr.

WASHINGTON, UNIVERSITY OF II+6 Fisheries Research Inst., Seattle, Wash. 98IO5

R.L. Burgner, Director

WEBB INSTITUTE OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE ll+T Glen Cove, New York II51+2 Edward V. Lewis, Director of Research

THE WESTERN COMPANY ll+7 Research Div., Richardson, Tex. 7508O

W.E. Brown, Vice President

WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF II+8 Hydraulic and Sanitary Engrg. Laboratory

Madison Wisconsin 53T06

Dr. Arno T. Lenz, Chmn., Civil Engrg. Dept.

WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION 150

Woods Hole, Massachusetts 0251+3 Dr. Paul M. Fye, Director

WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE I5I

Alden Research Laboratories

Worcester, Mass. OI609

Prof. Lawrence C. Neale, Director

WORTHINGTON CORPORATION 153

Advance Products Div., 1+01 Worthington

Ave., Harrison, New Jersey 07029

George W. Soete, Chief Engr.

WYLE LABORATORIES 153

Research Staff, Huntsville, Alabama

Dr. K. McK. Eldred, Director of Research

U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, Soil and

Water Conservation Research Division

CORN BELT BRANCH

108 Soils Bldg., Univ. of Minn.

St. Paul, Minn. 55101

Dr. C.A. Van Doren, Branch Chief

NORTHEAST BRANCH

Plant Industry Sta., Beltsville, Md. 20705

Dr. H.L. Barrows, Branch Chief

Va. 21+061 NORTHERN PLAINS BRANCHP.O. Box E, Fort Collins, Colo.

Dr. C.E. Evans, Branch Chief

80521

155

156

157

ix
NORTHWEST BRANCH 158

P.O. Box 1187, Boise, Idaho 83701

Mr. Dean C. Muckel, Branch Chief

SOUTHERN BRANCH I60

P.O. Box 1072, Athens, Ga. 306OI

Dr. G.R. Burns, Branch Chief

SOUTHERN PLAINS BRANCH l62

Bushland, Texas 79012

Dr. J.R. Johnston, Branch Chief

SOUT'"/ffiST BRANCH I63

P.O. Box 2326, Riverside, Calif. 92506

Mr. W.W. Donnan, Branch Chief

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE

CORPS OF ENGINEERS, LOS ANGELES DISTRICT I86

District Hydraialics Lab., Los Angeles, Calif

CORPS OF ENGINEERS, NORTH PACIFIC DIV. 185

Division Hydraulic Lab., Bonneville, Oreg.

97008

The Director

CORPS OF ENGINEERS, ST. PAUL DISTRICT I86

1217 U.S. Post Office and Customhouse

St. Paul, Minnesota 55101

The District Engineer

CORPS OF ENGINEERS, WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT I86

STATION

P.O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39l8l

The Director

INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXP. STA. 164

Forest Service Bldg., Ogden, Utah S'+'j-Ol Joseph F. Pechanec, Director

NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STA. I65

6816 Market St., Upper Darby, Pa. 19082

R.D. Lane, Director

NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STA. I65

FolwellAve., St. Paul, Minn. 55101

Robert W. Merz, Asst. Director

PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE I67

Experiment Station

P.O. Box 311+1, Portland, Oregon 97208

Mr. Philip A. Briegleb, Director

PACIFIC SOUTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE I69

EXPERIMENT STATION

P.O. Box 2i4-5, Berkeley, Calif. 9'+701 Mr. Robert D. McCxilley, Director

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC LABORATORIES 2l8

Environmental Science Services

Administration

901 S. Miami Ave., Miami, Fla. 33130

Dr. Bernard D. Zetler, Actg. Dir., Physical

Oceanography Lab.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 217

Fluid Meters Section, Wash.,D.C. 20231+ Fillmer W. Ruegg, Chief

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 217

Hydraulics Section, Wash., D.C. 20231+ Dr. G. Kulin, Chief

WEATHER BUREAU

Environmental Science Services

Administration, Silver Spring, Md. 20235

Wm. E. Hiatt, Assoc. Director (Hydrology)

218

ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE 173

EXPERIMENT STATION

21+0 W. Prospect St., Fort Collins, Colo.

80521

Raymond Price, Director

SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION 177

Post Office Building, Asheville, N.C.

W.M. Zillgitt, Director

SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION I78

T-10210 Federal Bldg., 701 Loyola Ave. New Orleans, Louisiana 70113

T.C. Nelson, Director

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE, AIR FORCE 179

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 1+51+33 Harold C. Larsen, Head, Aeronautical Engrg.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

ARMY COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING 179

LABORATORY

Hanover, New Hampshire 03755

ARMY INERTIAL GUIDANCE AND CONTROL LAB. 18I

AND CENTER

Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 35809

Mr. Jess B. Huff, Director

CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COASTAL ENGINEERING 18I

RESEARCH CENTER

5201 Little Falls Rd., N.W., Wash. D.C. 20016

The Director

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 219

Division of Engrg. Labs.

Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colo. 80225

Chief Engineer

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 227

Water Resources Div., Wash., D.C. 2021+2 E.L. Hendricks, Chief Hydrologist

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

NASA, LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER

Langeley Station, Hampton, Va. 23365

Dr. Floyd L. Thompson, Director

230

NASA, LEWIS RESEARCH CENTER 231

21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 1+1+135 Abe Silverstein, Director

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

U.S. NAVAL ACADEMY 233

Engineering Dept., Annapolis, Md. 21402

Capt. R.W. King, Head

U.S. NAVAL APPLIED SCIENCE LABORATORY 235

Flushing and Washington Aves . , Brooklyn,

N.Y. 11251

Capt. T.T. McGillicuddy, USN,

Commanding Officer and Director
MVAL CIVIL ENGIKIEERIIIG lABORATORY 236

Port Hueneme, California 9'iOhl Director, Amphibious and Harbor Div.

Code L55

U.S. MINE DEFENSE lABORATORY 236

Panama City, Florida 32^+01

U.S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE 236

Washington, D. C. 2039O

U.S. NAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORY 237

White Oak, Silver Spring, Md. 20910

Dr. G.K. Hartmann, Technical Director

U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 239

Dept. of Aeronautics, Monterey, Calif 939^+0 C.E. Menneken, Dean of Research Admin.

U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 237

Dept. of Mechanical Engrg.

Monterey, Calif. 939'+0 Dr. Turgut Sarpkaya, Chairman of Dept.

U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL 238

Dept . of Meteorology and Oceanography

Monterey, Calif. 939'<-0 C.E. Menneken, Dean of Research Admin.

U.S. mVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY 239

Washington, D. C. 20390

The Director

NAVAL SHIP ENGINEERING CENTER, PHILA. 2k0

DIVISION

Philadelphia, Pa. 19112

Capt. J.D. Working, Officer in Charge

NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER 2ll-0 3202 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena, Calif.

91107

The Conmander

NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER, SAN DIEGO 2kl

DIVISION

271 Catalina Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92152

Dr. W.B. McLean, Technical Director

U.S. NAVY UNDERWATER SOUND LABORATORY 2!+2 Fort Trumbull, New London, Conn. O632O

Captain Richard L. Corkran, Jr.,

Commanding Officer and Director

U.S. UNDERWATER WEAPONS RESEARCH AND 2k3

ENGINEERING STATION

Oceanography Branch, Newport, R.I. 028itO Mr. John F. Brady, Head, Research Dept.

U.S. NAVAL WEAPONS lABORATORY 2kk

Dahlgren, Va. 22kk8

Mr. Bernard Smith, Technical Director

NAVY WEATHER RESEARCH FACILITY 2kk

Bldg. R-ij-S, Naval Air Sta.,

Norfolk, Va. 23511

Officer in Charge

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY

TVA ENGINEERING LABORATORY 2kk

P.O. Box 37, Norris, Tenn 37828

Mr. Rex A. Elder, Director

TVA HYDRAULIC DATA BRANCH

Knoxville, Tenn. 37902

Mr. James W. Beverage, Branch Chief

CANADIAN LABORATORIES

ALBERTA, RESEARCH COUNCIL OF

Rm. 301, Engrg. Bldg., University of

Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Mr. C.R. Neill

ALBERTA, UNIV. OF

Dept. of Civil Engrg.

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Dr. T. Blench, Prof, of Civil Engrg.

BRITISH COLUMBIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Hydraulic Lab., Vancouver 8, Canada

Prof. W.D. Liam Finn, Head

Dept. of Civil Engrg.

BRITISH COLUMBIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Mechanical Engrg.

Vancouver 8, B.C. Canada

Dr. J. P. Duncan, Head

ECOLE POLYTECHNIC

2500 Marie-Guyard Ave.,

Montreal 26, Canada

Prof. Raymond Boucher, Dir.

Hydrodynamics Laboratory

GUELPH, UNIVERSITY OF

Hydrology Section, Sch. of Agric. Engrg.

Guelph, Ontario, Canada

H.D. Ayers, Professor-in-Charge

THE HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION OF

ONTARIO

620 University Ave. , Toronto 2, Canada

Mr. J.B. Bryce, Hydraulic Engineer

LASALLE HYDRAULIC LABORATORY, LTD. 0250 St. Patrick Street

LaSalle, P.Q. Canada

Mr. E. Pariset, President

MANITOBA, UNIVERSITY OF

Dept. of Civil Engineering

Fort Garry, Manitoba, Canada

Prof. E. Kuiper

MCGILL UNIVERSITY

Department of Civil Engineering and

Applied Mechanics

Montreal 2, P.Q., Canada

Dr. A.J. Reynolds

McMASTER UNIVERSITY

Chemical Engrg, Dept.

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Dr. A.E. Hamielec, Fluid Mechanics Group

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

Division of Mechanical Engineering

Montreal Road, Ottawa 2, Canada

Dr. Simon Ince, Head, Hydraulic Section

ONTARIO, HYDRO -ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION OF

See Hydro-Electric Power Commission of

Ontario

xi
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY

Hydraulic Labs.

Kingston, Ontario Canada

Dr. A. Brebner, Head

261+

SASKATCHEWAN, UNIVERSITY OF 26h

Dept. of Civil Engrg.

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

CD. Smith, Assoc. Prof, of Civil Engrg.

TORONTO, UNIVERSITY OF 265

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Toronto 5, Canada

Prof. G. Ross Lord, Head

WESTERN CANADA HYDRAULIC LABS, LTD 269

1186 Pipeline Road

Port Coquitlam, B.C. Canada

J.W. jiall, Director

WINDSOR, UNIVERSITY OF 272

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Windsor, Ontario, Canada

William G. Colborne, Head 272

xii
HYDRAULIC RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES

PROJECT REPORTS FROM UNIVERSITY, STATE AND INDUSTRIAL LABORATORIES

UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE , Huntsville, Alabama 35B07

(6081) DRAG ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLATES IN AN INCOMPRESSIBLE OSCILLATING FLOW AT LOW REYNOLDS

NUMBERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. C.C. Shih, Univ. of Alabama in

Huntsville.

(d) Experimental; applied research; thesis.

(e) Drag forces are to be determined for a flat

plate oscillating normal to its plane. This

study is to provide data for constructing a damping law for antislosh baffles under low

Reynolds nianber conditions. Such an expression for damping could be used to predict the

damping of baffles in the tanks of an orbiting

vehicle

.

(6082) THE EFFECTS OF UNSTEADY FLOW UPON THE PRESSURE

DISTRIBUTION AROUND SUBMERGED BODIES.

(b) Laboratory project,

(c) Prof. C,C. Shih; see (608I above)

(d) Experimental; applied research; thesis.

(e) Pressure distribution time histories will be

measured in a uniformly accelerated incompressible flow that is started impulsively.

The object of this experiment is to provide

data for vehicle design and for comparison

with current theories and numerical experiments. In this area experimental data are

sparse or non existent.

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, Depa,rtment of Mechanical

Engineering ) Tempe, Arizona

(6051) UNSTEADY LAMINAR FLOW FIELD ANALYSIS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Warren Rice, Chmn., Dept. of Mechanical Engrg.

(d) Analytical; applied research resulting in

theses

.

(e) Development of methods for formulating and

solving problems in unsteady laminar incompressible flow, particularly in tubes and

passages and between rotating cylinders.

(g) Solutions found for flow between plates and in

tubes with arbitrary time-varying pressure

gradients, and for fluid between rotating cylinders with arbitrary time-varying inner-andouter angular velocity and/or applied torque.

(h) "Duhamel's Theorem for One-Dimensional Unsteady

Laminar Fluid Problems," Harry K. Hepworth,

MS thesis. Dept. of Mech. Engrg., May I966.

"Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates with

Arbitrary Time-Varying Pressure Gradient and

Arbitrary Initial Velocity," W.Rice and H.K. Hepworth, Trans. ASME, Jour. Appl. Mechanics,

Vol. 3h, Series E, No. 1, March I967.

THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, Department of Civil

Engineering , Tucson, Arizona 85721

(1+625) CRITICAL TRACTIVE FORCE OF UNIFORM SANDS.

(b) Departmental.

(c) Dr. Emmett M. laursen, Head, Civil Enj'ir'g. (d) Analytical and laboratory investigation

related to theory; MS and Ph.D. theses,

(e) Analyiiic and experimental attempts to relate

the average boundary shear to the incipient

movement of sediment particles composing the

boundary.

(g) Distribution of mean velocity near high-density "artificially" roxjighened surfaces, and

corresponding longitudinal turbulent velocity

fluctuations, are studied in order to give insight into the measurement and prediction of

incipient-motion shear for noncohesive particles. A power velocity law is seen tc represent accurately the mean velocity profile near

the surface for a large variation in roughness

size and shape in the hydraulically rough

regime

.

(h) "Surface Shear at Incipient Motion of Uniform

Sands," Bruce D. Ward, Ph.D. Dissertation, I968.

{k626) SCOUR AT RELIEF BRIDGES.

(b) Departmental.

(c) Dr. Emmett M. Laursen; see (14-625) above.

(d) Laboratory investigation.

(e) To find the effect of sediment size and velocity of flow in the limiting depths of clearwater scour in simple relief-bridge geometries.

Long contractions and abrupt contractions will

be studied. The experimental data will be

compared to an approximate solution of the

problem previously published by the principal

investigator.

(4627) A STUDY OF PARTIALLY SATURATED FLOW IN SAND- EPOXY RESIN COLUMNS.

(b) Departmental.

(c) Prof. Richard L. Sloane, Dept. of Civil Engrg.

(d) Lab. study related to theory; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The flow of water through soils often takes

place under conditions of partially saturated

flow. The prediction of fluid distribution and

pressure under conditions of partially satura- ted flow will make use of vertical columns

made of sand grains cemented together with ep- oxy resin. The use of this type of sand col- umns will result in a model for which properties such as void ratio and particle arrangement will remain constant during a series of

tests,

(g) The relationship between capillary pressure

and degree of saturation was obtained on models one inch in diameter and one inch in

length. Press\ire distribution in drained col- umns was obtained on models one inch in diam- eter and 35 inches in length. The relationship between capillary pressure and partially

saturated permeability was obtained using the

35-inch columns for steady- state conditions at various flow rates. A simplified porous model

was considered which helps in the explanation

of certain relationships but does not provide

for the hysteresis effect in the relationship

between capillary pressi;re and the degree of

saturation

.

(h) "A Study of Partially Saturated Flow in SandEpoxy Resin Columns," John Bryan Carney, Jr.,

Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Ariz., I968

(53I4-8) OPEN CHANNEL TRANSITIONS.

(b) Departmental.

1
(c) Dr. E.M. Laursen, Head, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

University of Arizona.

(d) Laboratory Investigation for development;

master's thesis.

(e) Both contractions and expansions in canal

sections are teing studied, looking toward

improvements in design methods. For the

contractions various shapes ranging from the

abrupt through circular ellipsoidal walls to

the free stream line form will be used. Flow

patterns, water surface profiles and head

losses are being measured. For the expansion,

standard warped sections, veined expansions and

other shapes are being studied. Flow patterns,

water surface profiles and head losses will be

measured.

(g) Two M.S. Theses completed:

(h) "Open-channel Expansions for Subcritical Flow,"

Sayed A.H. Hashimi, Univ. of Ariz., 1966. The

results indicate clearly that simple types of

transitions with selected inserts can be

employed instead of costly, elaborately

designed structures.

"Open Channel Contractions for Subcritical

Flow," Habib M. Yaziji, Univ. of Ariz., I968.

Results indicate that the abrupt transition

causes a significantly greater energy loss than

do those either partially or extensively

streamlined, and they indicate also that under

certain conditions the quarter-ellipse transition il:h- ratio) causes the least energy loss

of all shapes studied, incl-uding two based on

free -streamline analysis of discharge from a

slot orifice.

(53^9) EFFECT OF SIDT LADEN WATER ON INFIKCRATION IN ALLUVIAL CHANNELS.

(b) Departmental.

(c) Dr. Emmett M. Laursen; see (33^^) above.

(d) Laboratory and field investigation; doctoral

thesis

.

(e) In arid regions a large part of the natural

recharge is through the bed of intermittent

streams. A better understanding of the effect

of silt content of the flow is needed in order

to predict natural recharge and to evaluate

works to promote recharge

.

(g) A tilting -bed flme study was made to examine

the relationships between velocity, suspended

sediment and infiltration rate in alluvial

channels for velocities from 2 to 5 feet per

second and suspended sediment up to 0.6 percent. Very poor correlation was found between

the preliminary permeability and infiltration

tests and the flume infiltration rates, but

good correlation was obtained for the flume

results with the flow losses and natural re- charge occurring in the river channels in the

Tucson Area.

(h) "The Effect of Silt-Laden Water on Infiltration

in Alluvial Channels," William G. Matlock,

Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Ariz., 1965.

(673c) DYNAMIC STRUCTURE OF STREAMS.

(b) Departmental.

(c) Dr. Emmett M. Laursen; see (53'<-8) above.

(d) Laboratory and field investigation; doctoral

dissertation.

(e) To find the effect on sediment movement of

width/depth ratios, channel gradients, flow

sequencing, flood-wave attenuation, etc., in streams in general. Ephemeral streams will be

studied especially for the conditions of

(a) no tributary inflow and (b) an influent

stream bed.

(6731) FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL

EXPANSIONS

.

(b^ Departmental.

(c) Dr. Thomas Carmody; Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

University of Arizona.

(d) Laboratory investigation; master's theses.

(e) The influence of approach-slot length/width

ratio, expansion ratio, and degree of eccen- tricity at Reynolds numbers near 10-* on the

flow characteristics of two-dimensional

expansions is to be studied.

(g) M.S. Thesis completed:

(h) "Some Factors Influencing Flow Characteristics

of a Two-Dimensional Expansion," Steven M. Hindall, Univ. of Ariz., 1968. Some stability

criteria and loss coefficients were determined

thro'ugh lose of continuity, momentum and energy

relationships. Results indicate that for a stable jet, flow can be analyzed two-dimensionally, while for a neutrally stable jet

(one that will attach to one wall or another but

will not switch without outside stimulus) the

flow must be analyzed three-dimensionally.

(6732) PERMEABILITY DETERMINATION OF A NON-HOMOGENEOUS

POROUS MEDIUM.

(h) Departmental.

(c) Dr. Emmett M. Laursen; see (53^8) above.

(d) To study the detailed flow patterns in the pore

spaces of a porous medium.

(e) A plexiglass flow table will be constructed,

representing an idealized, macroscopic model

of a porous medium. The model arrangement will

allow the study of a wide range of flow regimes

and the introduction of prearranged non-uniformities in the matrix. The use of plexiglass

will permit visual and/or photographic observation.

UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS, Civil Engineering Department , Fayetteville, Arkansas 727OI

(6152) WATER QUALITY STUDY.

(b) Arkansas Pollution Control Commission.

(c) L.R. Heiple, Head, Civil Engrg. Dept., Univ.

of Arkansas.

(d) Applied research.

(e) The pvirpose of this investigation is to make

current a previous Report No. 3 of the Engrg.

Expmt. Sta., Univ. of Arkansas, "Stream Flow

Quantity and Quality Correlations and Statistical Analyses".

(f) Completed.

(g) The results include a detailed correlation of

Arkansas stream flows and quality parameters

based upon information furnished in U.S.G.S.

Water Supply papers and U.S.G.S. Water Quality

Reports

.

(h) Publication available from Engrg. Expmt. Sta.,

Univ. of Arkansas. Cost $2.50. "Water Quality

studies for Arkansas Streams," H.M. Jeffus,

J.A. Proctor, and L.R. Heiple, Research Report

Series No. 11., Engrg. Expml^. Sta., Univ. of

Arkansas

.

(OOlW) WATER RESOURCES PLANNING STUDY, ARKANSAS AND

OKLAHOMA.

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 6.OO32.

(h) "Interim Progress Report - Water Resources

Planning Study for Arkansas and Oklahoma,"

2
Arkansas Water Resources Research Center,

Fayetteville, Oct. 1967, 35 p. Limited

publication, not available for general

distribution.

BOEING SCIEMTIFIC RESEARCH lABORAOX^RIES, Flight

Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 39^1, Seattle,

Washington, 9Ql2h.

(6393) THE LAMIMR WALL JET ON A CURVED SURFACE.

(b) laboratory project.

(c) Dr. I.J. Wygnanski, Flight Sciences Lab.,

Boeing Scientific Research labs.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) This problem is one of a class of unsolved

problems in classical fluid mechanics with

application to many problems in airplane

aerodynamics: jet flaps, slots, ejectors.

A uniq.ue similarity solution of the problem

has been obtained for both concave and convex

surfaces when the local radius of curvature is

proportional to x ' . (f) Completed.

(g) 3 BSRL reports.

(h) "The Laminar Wall Jet over a Curved Surface,"

I. Wygnanski and F.H. Champagne, FSL TM

No. k9, July 1966.

(639^^) THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT JET IN PARALLEL

STREAMING FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. I.J. Wygnanski; see (6393) above.

(d) Theoretical basic research.

(e) The turbulent, two-dimensional jet issuing into a uniform parallel stream is of considerable

interest in aeronautics as it represents an idealization of the flow in combustion chambers,

ejectors, jet-flap wings, etc. Presently, the

theoretical methods available for predicting the mean velocity in the jet are of the integral

type. The most severe drawback of integral

analyses is the inherent assumption of complete

self-preservation. It is the purpose of the

present analysis to employ newly gained definite

knowledge of the turbulent shear stress distribution in the case of a jet in a parallel

uniform stream, and to make no additional

assimption about the flow. A coordinate -type

expansion will be developed and a transfornation is sought through which the series

converge to their asymptotic value.

(f^ Completed.

(g) Three BSRL reports.

(h) "The Two-Dimensional Turbulent Jet in a Uniform,

Parallel Stream," I. Wygnanski, FSL TM No. 53,

June 1967.

(6395) THE COAXIAL JET MIXING PROBLEM.

(b) laboratory project.

(c) Dr. F.H. Champagne, Flight Sciences Lab.,

Boeing Scientific Research Labs.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) How quickly does a turbulent shear layer assume property and velocity distributions of terminal

character? The goal of this research is to

determine the detailed nature of the procedure

by which the fluct\B.ting properties in the

turbulent free shear layer go towards

asymptotic character.

(f) Completed.

(g) Measurements of mean velocity profiles, rootmean-square turbulent components and shear

stress distribution were accomplished. All

measurements were repeated while varying the

two basic parameters: l) the area ratio

between the external and internal streams, and

2) the velocity ratio of these nozzles. The

length of the potential core was obtained for

each condition as well as the tendency to self-preservation far downstream. All

measurements were done using linearized

constant temperature hot-wire anemometers.

(6396) INVESTIGATION OF "BASIC" TURBULENT SHEAR

FLOWS.

(b) laboratory project.

(c) Dr. I.J. Wygnanski; see (6393) above.

(d) Experimental basic research.

(e) There are six basic turbulent shear flows:

the planar semi-infinite mixing layer, downstream of a flat plate or a backward-facing

step; the planar jet and the planar wake;

the axisymmetric jet and the axisyrametric

wake. Comprehensive data on the local

turbulence characteristics — mean velocities,

RMS vali;ies of the turbulent fluctuations,

turbulent shear stress distributions,

intermittency, power spectral density of

turbulent fluctuations, size and directionality of anisotropy of turbulence, space-time

correlation and scales, convection velocity

and its dependency on frequency, flatness and

skewness factors — are not available. The

aim of this work is to complete a definitive

experimental study of these six basic

turbulent shear flows, and to present the

results in a manner useful to the theorist

and to the practicing engineer.

(g) The precise results from shear stress distribution and intermittency factor have led to a new concept of eddy viscosity of great

potential engineering value. The results from

space-time correlations have led to a fundamental question in the derivation of the

Kolmogorov scaling law of k"-*'^.

(6397) INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF HOMOGENEOUS

TURBULENT SHEAR FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. F.H. Champagne; see (6395) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The central role of shear in natural and

technological turbulent flows derives from

the energy transfer interaction of the mean

velocity field with the turbulent velocity

field. The purpose of the present work is to

generate a homogeneous shear flow which has

t\arbulence properties constant in planes

normal to the mean flow and to obtain basic

data on the detailed fluctuation behavior of

such a flow. Ho such information exists

today.

(g) With the achievement of a truly homogeneous

turbulent flow with uniform shear, the

critical turbulence measurements were made.

Data on mean velocity profiles, fluctuating

velocity distributions, turbulent shear stress distribution, Taylor microscale values and

transverse correlation functions were obtained.

(6611) MAXIMUM ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES IN VORTEX MOTION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) G.K. Tiram, Flight Sciences Lab., Boeing

Scientific Research Labs.

(d) Literature search and summary.

(e) Little data is available on actual measured

3
clrcinnferential velocity distributions in real

free vortices in real fluids. The aim of this

work was to discover, document and catalogiie,

data on circumferential velocities in real

free vortices.

(f) Completed.

(g) A comprehensive literature seaj-ch was undertaken to obtain all validated data on circumferential velocity distributions in

real free vortices. Over 1,000 papers were

examined. Less than twenty had data which

could be accepted with confidence. This data

is being documented and catalogued in a uniform manner in Boeing Document Dl-82-0683.

(h) "Circumferential Velocity Distributions in

Wing Vortices. Appendix: Bibliography on Spiralling Flows," O.K. Tiinm, Boeing Docximent

Dl-82-0683, Nov. 1967.

(6612) FLOWS OF STRATIFIED FLUIDS OVER BARRIERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Yih-Ho Pao, Flight Sciences Lab., Boeing

Scientific Research Laboratories.

(d) Theoretical and experimental basic research.

(e) Lee waves of mountain ranges and isolated

mountain peaks are simulated in the laboratory

by towing wedge- and cone- shaped models in a stably stratified liquid. The role of

Richardson number in the mountain wave phenomena is examined in detail by varying the

towing speed of the models and/or the density

gradients. This experimental work is supported by theoretical analysis. By applying the

alternating direction method and the extrapolated Liebmajin method, one can approximate

the unsteady Boussinesq. equations of motion

with a set of finite difference eqmtions.

These resulting equations can be solved

numerically.

(h) "Inviscid Flow of a Stably Stratified Fluid

over Barriers," Y.H. Pao, Boeing Document

Dl-82-06i<-6, Sept. 1967.

"Laminar Flow of a Stably Stratified Flow

Past a Flat Plate," Y.H. Pao, Boeing Document

Dl-82-0l<-88, Sept. 1967.

(6613) STRUCTURE OF TURBULENCE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Yih-Ho Pao; see (66l2) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental basic research.

(e) The aim of this research is to study specially

critical characteristics of real turbulence

which have not previously been seriously

analyzed due to the extreme complexities of

the problems.

(h) "Transfer of Turbulent Energy and Scalar

Quantities at Large Wave Numbers," Y.H. Pao,

FSL TM No. 5*+, Oct. I967.

"structure of Turbulent Velocity and Scalar

Fields at Large Wave Numbers," Y.H. Pao,

Physics of Fluids 8, IO63-IO75 (1965).

"Turbulent Mixing with a Second-Order Reaction

or a Weak Exothermic First-Order Reaction,

Y.H. Pao, Boeing Document DI-82-O679, Oct.

1967.

"Turbulence in Stably Stratified Fluids,"

Y.H. Pao (to appear as a Research Note in the

Physics of Fluids).

"Turbulent Velocity and Scalar Spectra in

Stratified Fluids," Y.H. Pao, Boeing Doc\mient

DI-82-O68O, November I967.

(661!+) INVISCID DENSITY STRATIFIED FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Beverly B. Graham, Boeing Scientific

Research Laboratories.

(d) Theoretical basic research.

(e) The goal of this work is to obtain linearized

results for flows of stratified fluids. Two

reports have already been written for the case where gravity forces greatly exceed the

inertia forces. An important regime of

atmospheric motion is where the inertia forces

axe of the same order as the gravity forces

.

Small velocity perturbations and an exponential variation of density with depth are assumed. The resulting linearized equation

governing the two-dimensional flow of a density- stratified liquid is then used. Both

the dipole (thickness producing) and vortex

(lift producing) singularities are introduced.

(f) Completed.

(h) "The Effect of Froude Number on the Two-Dimensional Flow of an Inviscid Density Stratified

Liqiiid Past a Slender Body," E.W. Graham and

B.B. Graham, Boeing Document Dl-82-06lit,

April 1967.

"The Effect of a Free Surface on the Two- Dimensional Flow of an Inviscid DensityStratified Liquid Past a Slender Body," E.W. Graham and B.B. Graham, Boeing Document

Dl-82-066ij-, October I967.

"Further Notes on the Two -Dimensional Flow of an Inviscid Density-Stratified Liquid Past a Slender Body," E.W. Graham and B.B. Graham,

Boeing Document Dl-82-0591, December I966.

"The Two-Dimensional Flow of an Inviscid

Density-Stratified Liquid Past a Slender Body,"

E.W. Graham, Boeing Document Dl-82-0550,

July 1966.

(6615) MECHANICS OF ROTATING FLUIDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. John H. Olsen, Boeing Scientific Research

Laboratories.

(d) Theoretical and experimental basic research.

(e) The aim of this work is to understand the

coupled orographic-Coriolis effect on intermediate scale atmosphere turbulence. Taylor

columns are the limiting case for low Rossby

number — ratio of inertia to Coriolis forces — of the propagation via inertial waves of

orographic features far into a rotating fl\aid.

(6616) VORTEX BOUNDARY lAYER FLOWS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. John H. Olsen; see (6615) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental basic research.

(e) The boimdary layer beneath a vortex carries

most of the radial inflow to the vortex core. An vmder standing of this boundary layer is

important for predicting the performance of

vortex devices and for understanding dust

devils, tornadoes, and other geophysical

vortices.

(g) An experimental vortex was constructed and the

resulting boimdary layer was seen to exhibit

the same roll instabilities as the Ekman layer

and the boundary layer on a rotating disk.

Photographs of the instabilities have been

taken together with streak photographs showing

the velocity field outside the bovmdary layer.

POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF BROOKLYN , 333 Jay Street,

Brooklyn, New York 11201

(6710) STUDY OF FLOWS IN HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

IN BUILDINGS.
(b) Dept. of Mechanical Engrg. Laboratory project;

partially sponsored "by New York State Science

and Technology Foundation.

(c) Prof. Clifford A. Wojan, Dept. of Mechanical

Engrg., Polytechnic Inst, of Brooklyn.

(d) Experimental and theoretical Master and

senior undergradmte level project.

(e) The program is a study of the flow characteristics of a drainage system for a building.

In addition to obtaining flow characteristics

in drainage systems, the research is oriented

towards the study of the Interaction between

venting and drainage systems. The immediate

aim of the program is to determine if venting

of drainage systems in high rise buildings can

be modified or if the number of vents may be

reduced.

(g) The experimental program is in progress.

(h) Initial reports on the program are expected

to be issued in late Fall I968.

STA-TE UmVERSITY OF MEW YORK AT BUFFALO, Dept. of

Civil Engrg ., Buffalo, New York 1^21't-

{60kk) DIFFUSION OF SEDIMENT IN A NON-UNIFOBM FLOW

FIELD.

(b) Agriculture Research Service, USDA.

(c) Dr. Ralph Rumer, Chainiian, Dept. of Civil

Engrg., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) A study of the diffusion process in non- uniform free surface flow as it relates to the

entralnment and transportation of mineral

sediments. Experiments were conducted in a tilting flume equipped with an elevator system

that fed sediment into a clear water inflow.

Measurements of the flow and sediment concen- tration were made and correlated with analytical predictions of the diffusion coefficient.

The purpose of the investigation was to correlate sediment processes with the

turbulent and diffusive properties of free

surface flows, especially through the gross

hydraulic and mechanical properties of the

fluid, sediment and channel.

(f) Completed.

(g) Prediction of sediment concentration distributions was found to agree with observed

distributions based on a simplified form of

the convective-dlffusion equation in which the

diffusion coefficient and the flow velocity

were assumed uniform in the flow region.

Diffusion coefficients were found to depend

on the relative roughness of the erodlble bed.

Measured sediment loads, extrapolated to an

equilibrium, uniform flow condition, were

found to agree closely with results of other

investigations

.

(h) "Diffusion of Sediment in a Non-Uniform Flow

Field," R.P. Apmann and R.R. R\mer, Civil

Engrg. Report No. I6, State Univ. of New York

at Buffalo li|.2lit-. (Available from the Dept.

of Civil Engrg. at Buffalo at $1.00 per copy).

'(60i4-5) DYNAMIC MODEL STUDY OF LAKE ERIE.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin., U.S.

Dept. of Interior.

(c) Dr. Ralph Rumer; see {60kk) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) A vertically-distorted Froude model of Lake

Erie, housed in a rotating laboratory, is

being operated. The piirpose of the investigation Is to study the response of the water

movement in the model lake to various

physical inputs such as Inflows, outflows,

and wind stress. The effect of the earth's

rotation is included by way of the rotating

laboratory.

(g) Results to date include measurements of water

level response during mass oscillation,

residence time of tracers entering the lake

through the Detroit River, and surface circulation patterns for the isothermal lake system

with only the inflow of the Detroit River and

the outflow of the Niagara River.

(6046) SALT WATER INTRUSION INTO lAYERED STRATA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Ralph Rumer; see {60kk) above.

(d) Analytical.

(e) Pvirpose of the study is to determine the

position of the salt water - fresh water

interface in coastal aquifers composed of

several homogeneo^is layers of differing permeabilities.

{60k7) EROSION OF COHESIVE SOILS AND CHANNEL

STABILIZATION.

(b) Agricultiare Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture.

(c) Dr. Emmanuel Parthenlades , Assoc. Prof. Dept.

of Civil Engrg., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo

.

(d) Experimental and analytical.

(e) The p\arpose of the study is to determine the

effect of shear strength, density and struc- ture of a cohesive bed as they affect the

initiation and rates of erosion by flowing

water. Equipment for consolidation of large

clay samples and for the hydraulic testing is

under construction.

(6048) DEPOSITION OF FINE SEDIMENTS IN TURBULENT

FLOWS.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin., U.S.

Dept. of Interior.

(c) Dr. Emmanuel Parthenlades; see (6o47) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) The purpose of the project Is to discover the

Important flow parameters which control the

initiation, the degree and the rates of

deposition of cohesive sediments in turbulent

flows. Attention will be focused on only one type of cohesive soil. The experimental set- up consists of a rotating annular channel

containing the water -sediment mixtiire and a rotating annular ring positioned within the

channel and in contact with the water surface.

Flow fields are generated by simixltaneous

rotation of the ring and channel.

(6049) TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE SURFACE

FLOWS WITH VARIABLE BOTTOM ROUGHNESS.

(b) Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture.

(c) Dr. Emmanuel Parthenlades; see (60^7) above.

(d) Experimental.

(e) The purpose of the study is to correlate

turbiilence characteristics meas\ired by hot

film probes with bed roughness. Experiments

are being conducted in a tilting flume with

removable flase bottoms of variable roughness

heights and patterns.

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Division of Engrg . and Applied Science, Pasadena, California ^lllO^").

5
(I5h8) PROBLEMS IN HYDRODYmMCS.

b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

c) Prof. Milton S. Plesset, Calif. Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; "basic research.

(e) Studies of cavitating and noncavitating

flowj dynamic behavior of cavitation bubbles;

theoretical studies of cavitation damage.

(h) "On the Shock Transition, The Hydraulic Jump,

and Vortex Breakdown," Din-Yu Hsieh, Rep. No.

85-39, Calif. Inst, of Tech., March I967.

"Some Hydrodynamic Aspects of Superfluid

Helium," Din-Yu Hsieh, Int'l. Shipbldg.

Progress, Vol. ik, March 196?, pp. 10i)-119.

"Multiple Scattering of Acoustical Waves,"

David J. McCloskey, Rep. No. Calif.

Inst, of Tech., May I967.

"Transmission and Reflection of Sound in a Media Containing Discrete Scatterers," David

J. McCloskey, Rep. No. 85-I+I, Calif. Inst,

of Tech., August I967.

"Effect of Exposvire Time on Cavitation Damage,"

M.S. Plesset and R.E. Devine, J. of Basic

Engrg., Dec. I966, pp. 691-705

•

"Cavitation Damage Measurements with Nickel,

Aluminum, and Stainless Steel for the ASTM

Round Robin," Milton S. Plesset, Calif. Inst,

of Tech. Report Wo. B^-kl , October I967.

"Nonlinear Bubble Oscil lations, " Louis P. Solomon and M.S. Plesset, Int'l Shipbldg.

Progress, Vol. ik, Mar. 1967, pp. 98-IO3.

"Magnetohydrodynamics of the Earth's Magnetic

Field," Giulio Venezian, Int'l. Shipbldg.

Progress, Vol. Ik, March I967, pp. 120-126.

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, W.M. Keck Lab,

of Hydraulics and Water Resources , Pasadena, Calif.

91109

(lj-075) MECHANICS OF FLOW IN SAND-BED CHANNELS AT

VERY LOW RATES OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT.

(b) National Science Fo\mdation.

(c) Prof. V.A. Vanoni or N.H. Brooks, Calif.

Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical research.

(e) Studies are made (l) of the development of

dunes with time on a sand bed with flows

which produce low rates of sediment transport

and of the resulting changes in flow resistance

as the dunes grow and (2) on the mechanism of

entrainment of sediment by flowing water and

(3) of relations of geometric parameters of

dunes and the frlctional resistance to flow

produced by the dunes with a view to predicting resistance from dune dimensions.

(h) "Entrainment of Fine Sediments by Tvirbulent

Flows," Ph.D. Thesis, Alexander J. Sutherland,

1966, Calif. Inst, of Tech., available from

University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.

Same material available as W.M. Keck, Lab. of

Hyd. and Water Res. Report KH-R-I3.

"Relation between Bed Forms and Friction in

Streams," Vito A. Vanoni and Li-San Hwang,

Jour. Hyd. Div. , Proc. Amer. Soc. Civ.

Engrs., V. 93, HY3, May I967, PP. 121-ll+U.

(It56l) DYNAMICS OF DENSITY- STRATIFIED RESERVOIRS.

(b) Public Health Service.

(c) Prof. Norman H. Brooks, Calif. Inst, of Tech.

(d) Basic theoretical and experimental research.

(e) (1) In reservoirs having density variation

with depth, the pattern of flow toward an

outlet may be q.uite different from the flow

in a homogeneous reservoir. The withdrawal

pattern has been studied experimentally in

a laboratory tank of water having a linear

density profile induced either by dissolved

salt or heat. Application will \iltimately be

in management of water q,\M.lity in rivers by

slective withdrawal from reservoirs.

(2) Buoyant discharges into a stratified or flowing ambient fluid have been studied

experimentally and theoretically. When a buoyant jet (or plume) is generated from a point or line source in a stratified ambient

fluid, it may rise only to some equilibrium

level, then spread in a thin cloud.

(f) Completed.

(g) (1) At very low Reynolds numbers there is a distant "withdrawal layer" extending up- stream at the level of the outlet. Fluid

above and below this layer is not withdrawn

through the outlet. Research has been ex- tended from line sinks to point sinks during

the past year with good agreement between

theory and experiment. The theoretical

analysis based on the laminar boundary layer

eqmtions and the diffusion equation for the

substance causing density variation. An

approximate integral theory, valid for some- what larger flow rates, has also been

developed for both the two-dimensional and

axisyrametric cases.

(2) Integral type solutions for buoyant jets

and plimies have been made following Morton's

approach, with initial variables including mass flijx, buoyancy flux, and the momentum

flux vector.

(h) "Unsteady Stratified Flow into a Sink," R.C.Y.

Koh, Jour, of Hyd. Res., Int'l, Assoc. for

Hyd. Res., Vol. h, No. 2, I966, pp. 21-35.

"Turbulent Buoyant Jets into Stratified or Flowing Ambient Fl\iids," L. -N. Fan, Ph.D.

Thesis, May I967 (issued as Rep. KH-R-I5).

"Discussion of "Horizontal Jets in Stagnant

Fluid of Other Density, " Gerrit Abraham, by L. -N. Fan and N.H. Brooks, Jour. Hyd, Div.

ASCE, Vol. 92, No. HY2, Nfexoh I966, pp.'j23-

1+29. "Selective Withdrawal from Density- Stratified

Reservoirs," N.H. Brooks, R.C.Y. Koh and

T.W. Kao, ASCE Specialty Conf., Portland,

Ore,, Jan. I968 (to be published in J. Hyd,

Div., ASCE).

(5013) DYNAMICS OF DENSITY- STRATIFIED GROUND-WATER

FLOW.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin,

(research grant),

(c) Prof, Norman H. Brooks, Calif. Inst. Tech.

(d) Basic theoretical and experimental research.

(e) Slight density variations often affect groundwater flow patterns. Water which is re- charged artificia3-ly may not mix readily with

native waters but develops density stratification in the aquifer. Studies include

problems such as overturning of unstably

layered systems, effects of density difference

on fluid dispersion in flow through porous

media, and selective withdrawal from

continuously stratified fluid.

(f) Completed.

(g) (1) Theory and experiments have shown it

possible to have a more dense liquid in quasistable horizontal motion above a less dense

liquid :in a satufatod porous mcdiujn.

(2) Iiatcral disp(n'sion in satiiratcd porous

media has been shown experimentally to be

6
dependent solely on the Pec let ntanber,

provided the Reynolds nvimter is low enough for

laminar flow. At high Reynolds numbers the

dispersion hecomes independent of the Peclet

number

.

(3) Selective withdrawal from a si33k was investigated in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell in

which the density gradient in the fluid was

linear. Velocity distributions were measured

in the flowing withdrawal layer, and compared

favorably with theory,

(h) "Lateral Dispersion in Saturated Porous Media,"

E. J. List and W.H. Brooks, Jour. Geophys. Res.,

Vol. 72, Ho. 10, May 15, 196?, pp. 2531-251+1.

"A Two-Dimensional Sink in a Density-Stratified Porous Medium," E.J. List (now at Univ.

of Auckland, New Zealand), submitted to Jour. Fluid Mechanics, Sept. 1967.

(50li+) WAVE-INDUCED OSCILIATIONS OF SMALL MOORED

VESSELS.

(Id) Dept. of the Army, Corps of Engineers.

(c) Prof. Fredric Raichlen and Prof. Vito A. Vanoni, Calif. Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical research.

(e) The objective of this research is to investigate the nature of wave-induced motions of

small boats moored to fixed or floating docks.

The study is directed toward understanding the

problems of mooring small craft in harbors and

providing information that will assist in

planning. In this connection the investigation

is divided into two phases: the dynEimics of

mooring and the response of harbors to

incident wave systems.

The problem of the response of harbors to waves

is under investigation in a wave basin with

wave generator and associated measuring and

recording eq.ulpment. The basin is lined with

wave absorbers and wave filters to simulate

the condition of open-sea outside the harbor.

Analytical and prototype studies are being

conducted on the problem of the mooring of

small boats, considering the mooring system

to be an asymmetrical non-linear system,

(h) "Wave-Induced Oscillations of Small Moored

Vessels," F. Raichlen, lOth Conf. on Coastal

Engrg., Tokyo, Japan, Sept. I966.

Discussion of "The Threshold of Surge Damage

for Moored Ships," B.W. Wilson, Paper 7OI8, Proc. Inst, of Civil Engrs., 1967, 38 (Sept.),

F. Raichlen (manuscript submitted for publication) .

(5360) MECHANICS OF SLUG FLOW IN STEEP CHAOTIELS.

(b) Los Angeles County Flood Control District.

(c) Prof. Vito A. Vanoni, Calif. Inst, of Tech.,

and Prof. Richard R. Brock, Univ. of Calif,

at Irvine, Irvine, Calif. 9265O.

(d) Experimental and theoretical research.

(e) Experimental data have been obtained on the

growth of roll waves in channels as functions

of Froude number and distance along the

channel. Wave form has been measured and com- pared with that given by theory and the theory

has been modified to take account of the

gravity force on the waves.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Development of Roll Waves in Open Channels,"

Richard R. Brock, Ph.D. Thesis, Calif. Inst,

of Tech., 1967, obtainable from University

Microfilms, Inc., 313 No. 1st St., Ann Arbor,

Mich. 14-8107, or Rep. KH-R-I6 of W. M. Keck

Lab. of Hyd. and Water Resources covering

same material from correspondents.

(5361) EXPERIMENTS ON TURBIDITY CURRENTS.

(b) Petroleum Research Fund.

(c) Dr. Gerard V. Middleton, McMaster Univ.,

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

(d) Experimental research.

(e) Comparative st'udies were made on the behavior

of density underflows composed of salt solutions, clay suspensions, and coarse sediment

suspensions. Particular attention was devoted to the movement of the head of the

current, and to deposition of sediment from

the current.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Experiments on Density Currents and Turbidity

Currents," Gerard V. Middleton, Canadian Jour,

of Earth Sci., Vol. 3, I966, pp. 523-5I16.

(5773) LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW.

(bj U.S. Geological Survey and laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Norman H. Brooks, Calif. Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical, laboratory and

field; basic research for Ph.D. dissertation.

(e) Contaminants or tracers are dispersed longitudinally in flow in a channel by an interaction of the variable mean flow velocity in

the cross section and the transverse turbulent mixing. The purposes of this project

are: first, to test the existing theory and

determine wherein it fails; second, to identify

the dominant mechanisms responsible for dispersion in both laboratory and natural situations; and third, to establish a workable

method whereby the dispersion characteristics

of a natural system can be more closely predicted from a knowledge of the hydraulic

characteristics. The project includes participation in a field study being carried out by the U.S. Geological Swrvey in the Duwamish

River and Estuary in the State of Washington.

(f) Completed.

(g) Large values of dispersion coefficients in

rivers are due to effect of horizontal velocity profile as well as vertical velocity

profile.

(h) Discussion of "Canal Discharge Measurements

with Radio Isotopes," Jack C. Schuster, by

Hugo B. Fischer, Jour, of Hyd. Div. , ASCE,

Vol. 91, HY5, Sept. 1965, pp. 317-319.

"A Note on the One-Dimensional Dispersion

Mode]," Hugo B. Fischer, Air and Water Pollution, an International Journal, June/july

1966, Vol. 10, pp. hk3-k52.

"The Mechanics of Dispersion in Natural

Streams," Hugo B. Fischer, Preprint 14-27, ASCE

Environmental Engrg. Conf., Dallas, Tex.,

Feb. 6-9, 1967.

"Longitudinal Dispersion in Laboratory and

Natural Streams," Hugo B. Fischer, Ph.D.

Thesis, June I966 (issued as Rep. KH-R-12).

"Analytic Prediction of Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficients in Nat\aral Streams," Hugo B. Fischer, Proc. 12th Congr. Intl. Assoc. for

Hyd. Res., Vol. k, Sept. II-II4-, 1967, pp. 11-

19. "Mechanics of Dispersion in NatTJral Streams,"

H\Jgo B. Fischer, Jour. Hyd. Div., ASCE, Vol.

93, HY6, Nov. 1967, pp. 187-216.

( 6581) DISPERSION IN HYDROLOGIC AND COASTAL

ENVIRONMENTS.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Prof. Norman H. Brooks, Calif. Inst. Tech.

(d) Theoretical and experimental (laboratory and

cooperative field stiKlies); basic research,
inclijding Ph.D. dissertations. The project

is a combination and continuation of h'y6l,

5013 and 5773-

(e) Hydrodynamics problems of dispersion in hydrologic and coastal environments are "being

studied theoretically, in the laboratory, and

in some instances in the field. The various

areas and problems being considered are: (l)

Natural rivers: longitudinal dispersion,

transverse turbulent diffusion, velocity distributions. (2) Reservoirs and lakes: artificial large-scale mixing and destratlfIcation;

buoyant plumes in stratified environments.

(3) Ground-water basins: source of buoyancy

in a current; free and forced convection, (k)

Estviaries: longitudinal dispersion. (5) Oceans

(nearshore): buoyant plumes in a current; sewage field thickness; large scale diffusion.

Turbulent diffiision and density-stratified

flow phenomena are common to several areas

above

.

(g) (See k^6l, 5013, and 5773-)

(6582) TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS IN WA.TER.

(b) laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Fredric Raichlen, Calif. Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental.

(e) This study involves the use of a constanttemperature hot-film anemometer to measure

the t\jrbulence characteristics in water. The

recording and reduction of data has been accomplished using the IBM 709'i-70l)-0 digital computing system and its peripheral analogue-todigital conversion eq.mpment located in the

Booth Computing Center. The electrical

signal from the associated electronics of the

hot-film anemometer is connected directly to the Computing Center.

The local temporal mean velocities, root mean

squares of the turbulent velocity fluctuations,

turbulent energy spectra, and autocorrelation

ciurves were obtained directly from the

digital computer.

(f) Inactive.

(g) The results of the initial studies have shown

relatively good agreement with the work of

others in air. Since a major objective of

this research is to develop a reliable method

of measuring the turbulence characteristics

of water, additional studies are planned.

(h) "Some Tiurbulence Measurements in Water,"

F. Raichlen, Jour. Engrg. Mechanics Div.,

Proc, ASCE, Vol. 93, No. EM2, April, I967.

Discussion of "Some Turbulence Measurements

in Water," F. Raichlen, J. J. Lee, Jour. Engrg.,

Mechanics Div., Proc, ASCE, Vol. 93, No. EM6, Dec. 1967.

(6583) LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF WAVES ON

THE PROPOSED ISLAND SITE FOR A COMBINED NUCLEAR

POWER AND DESALTING PIANT IN SOUTHERN

CALIFORNIA.

(b) The Bechtel Corporation.

(c) Prof. Vito A. Vanoni and Prof. Fredric Raichlen.

(d) Experimental.

(e) The objectives of the studies were (l) to develop a design for the island face that will

be stable under the attack of storm waves,

(2) to determine the heights of the island

faces needed to prevent overtopping by storm waves and (3) determine the effect of the

proposed island on the littoral drift on the

beach near the island. The stability of the

island and overtopping by waves were studied

by subjecting a one-fiftieth size model of a

section of the face to properly scaled waves

in a tank Ilk feet long and k feet wide. Overtopping by obliquely incident waves and the

effect of the island on littoral drift were

studied in a 1:150 scale model of the island

in a basin lk5 feet wide by 160 feet long,

(f) Inactive.

(h) "Laboratory Design-Studies of the Effect of

Waves on a Proposed Island Site for a Combined

Nuclear Power and Desalting Plant," V. A. Vanoni and F. Raichlen, W. M. Keck Lab. of

Hyd. and Water Res. Report KH-R-li|-, July, I966.

(658i|-) WAVE UPLIFT FORCES ON DOCKS.

(b) Sloan Foundation; Bechtel Foundation; National

Science Fovrndation.

(c) Prof. Fredric Raichlen and Mr. Jonathan A. French.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) A pile -supported pier in an exposed location

is occasionally subject to high waves which

impinge on its underside. At any particular

location on a pier these waves cause a transient pressure consisting of a highintensity portion of short duration followed

by a lower pressure of longer duration. This

latter portion exists until the rear portion

of the wave separates from the dock and may

be negative as well as positive.

The specific objective of this research is to study theoretically and experimentally this

pressvire distribution with particular attention being given to the portion of high

intensity which coincides with the initial

wetting of the underside of the pier.

Experiments are being conducted in a wave tank for the case of a solitary wave striking

the underside of a dock which is represented

by a flat plate located at fixed distance

above the water siirface. Simultaneous recordings are made of the wave profile and the

resultant pressure distribution at locations

on the underside of the platform as the wave

travels underneath and in contact with it.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Fluid Mechanics Lab. , Berkeley, Calif. 9't-720

il33k) SEA WATER CONVERSION RESEARCH.

(b) State of California.

(c) Prof. Everett D. Howe, Coordinator, Saline

Water Conversion Research, Univ. of Calif.,

1301 S. kSth St., Richmond, Calif.

(e) The purpose of this project is to discover

whether there is available any method for the

large-scale, low-cost demineralization of sea

water. The project includes a number of

investigations, of which the following have

been active during 1965 - 1967: (l) multipleeffect flash evaporator; (2) vapor compression

distillation; (3) vacuum flash distillation;

(k) solar distillation; (5) miscellaneous

studies of heat transfer, vapor disengagement

and scaling in distillation equipment; (6)

boundary layer studies in electrodialysis;

(7) development of electrodialysis membranes;

(8) ion exchange; (9) reverse osmosis pilot

plant; (lO) thermodynamic and economic

analysis; (ll) transport phenomena near a

liquid-vapor interface; (l2) fundamental

studies of corrosion processes; (13) submerged

combustion studies; and (ik) studies of the

thermodynamic properties of sea water.
Investigations are teing carried on at the

Berkeley, Los Angeles, Riverside, and

San Diego Campuses.

(g) Detailed results may "be obtained from the

progress reports and publications listed

under (h) below. This project has been active

since 1951 - 52 and previous sianmaries have

listed all reports prior to October I965.

(h) The following reports and publications have

been issued during the period since October

1965, and summarize the work to date:

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES*

"Saline Water Research Progress Report,"

Dept. of Engrg. No. 66-1, 62 pp., Jan. I966.

"Cellulose Acetate Membranes As a Means of

Removing Scale Fonning Ions of Natural Saline

Waters," D. L. Erickson, Dept. of Engrg. Rep.

No. 66-7, 108 pp., Feb. I966. "Mass Transport of Binary Electrolyte Solutions in Membranes," D. W. Bennion, Dept. of

Engrg. Rep. No. 66-17, 29 pp., March 1966.

"Corrosion Studies - Part VIII - Corrosion

Kinetics of Molybdenum in HpSO, Dept. of

Engrg. Rep. No. 66-37, PP-, June I966.

"Corrosion Studies - Part IX - Effect of

Chloride Ions on the Corrosion of Nickel and

Niobium (Columbium) , " L. L. Wilkstrom and

K. Nobe, Dept. of Engrg. Rep. No. 66-37, 30 pp., June 1966.

"A Composite Tubular Assembly for Reverse

Osmosis Desalination," S. Loeb, Dept. of Engrg.

Rep. No. 66-i4-0, 26 pp., June I966.

"Variation of the Heat Transfer With Length,

Pressure, Flow Rate and Temperatiire Difference

in an LTV Falling Film Evaporator," J.E. Kroll,

Dept. of Engrg. Rep. No. GG-h'i, 98 pp.,Aug.

1966. "Reverse Osmosis Desalination at the Coalinga

Pilot Plant," J.S. Johnson and S. Loeb, Dept.

of Engrg. Rep. No. 66-53, I6 pp., Oct. 1966.

"Fouling Problems Encountered in a Reverse

Osmosis Desalination Pilot Plant," J.S. Johnson and S. Loeb, Dept. of Engrg. Rep. No. 66-61, 2b pp., Oct. 1966.

"Turbulent Region Performance of Reverse

Osmosis Desalination Tubes I. Experience at Coalinga Pilot Plant," J. Rosenfeld and S. Loeb, Dept. of Engrg. Rep. No. 66-62, 20 pp., Oct. 1966.

"Further Studies on Thin Wiped Film Heat

Transfer," V.J. Jusionis and R.L. Perrine,

Dept. of Engrg. Rep. No. 66-59, 38 pp., Nov. 1966.

"Saline Water Research Progress. Report,"

Dept. of Engrg. Rep. No. 67-I, 83 pp., Dec.

1966. "Reverse Osmosis Desalination Costs Derived

from the Coalinga Pilot Plant Operation,

D. Stevens and S. Loeb, Dept. of Engrg.

Rep. No. 67-2, 31 pp., 1967.

"Performance of Cellulose Acetate Semipermeable Membrane Under Brackish Water Field

Conditions," J.S. Johnson, Dept. of Engrg.,

Rep. No. 67-lH, 115 pp., Aug. 1967.

"Corrosion Studies - Part X - Corrosion

Kinetics of Iron-Nickel Alloys, Part XI - Corrosion Kinetics of Antimony, Part XII - Corrosion Kinetics of Copper, Part XIII - Potentiodynamic Studies of Antimony, Part

XIV - Corrosion Kinetics of Iron," R.R. Sayano, L.L. Wikstrom, CP. Kim, A. Akiyama,

R. Patterson and K. Nobe, Dept. of Engrg.

Rep. No. 67-il-5, 193 pp., Aug. 1967.

ranVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, EERKELEY**

"Polarization and Selective Transport Characteristics of Permselective Membranes," S.A. Weiner, Sea Water Conversion Lab. Rep. No. 65-6, 25 pp. , Dec. 1965.

"Nocturnal Production of Solar Distillers,"

E.D. Howe and B.W. Tleimat, Sea Water Conversion Lab. Rep. No. 65-7, 17 PP-, Dec. I965.

"1965 Progress Report, Berkeley, Riverside,

and San Diego Campuses," Sea Water Conversion

Lab. Rep. No. 66-1, 5 pp., Jan. I966. "Ion Transport Inside Charged Members," R.A. Wallace, Sea Water Conversion Lab. Rep. No. 66-2, pp., Sept. 1966.

"1966 Progress Report, Berkeley, Riverside,

and San Diego Campuses," Sea Water Conversion

Lab. Rep. No. 67-I, 63 pp., Jan. I967.

"Solar Distillation," E.D. Howe, B.W. Tleimat

and A.D.K. Laird, Sea Water Conversion Lab.

Rep. No. 67-2, 52 pp., Oct. 1967.

"Multiple-Effect Rotating Evaporator," L.A. Bromley, Water Resources Center Contribution

No. 100, 111 pp., April I965.

"The Demineralization of Water," E.D. Howe,

Impact, Vol. XV, No. 3, 13 PP- , April I965.

"The Effect of Temperature on Electrodialytic

Demineralization," S.A. Weiner, Bull. Chemical

Soc. Japan, Vol. 38, No. 11, 3 pp.. May I965.

"Determination of Resistance Factors of Porous

Diaphragms and Electrodes," K.S. Spiegler,

Jour. Electrochemical Soc, Vol. II3, No. 2, pp. 161-165, Feb. 1966.

"Nocturnal Production of Solar Distillers,"

E.D. Howe and B.W. Tleimat, Solar Energy,

Vol. X, No. 2, 6 pp., June I966.

"Kinetics of Styrene Homogeneous Polymerization

to Atactic Polypropylene," R.A. Wallace and

K.L. Hadley, J. Polymer Science (A-l), Vol. k, pp. 71-82, 1966.

"Sea Water Conversion," E.D. Howe, Advances in

Hydroscience, Vol. 3, pp. I9I-235, Aug. I966.

"Effect of D.C. Electric Fields on LiquidLiquid Settling," G.L. Sjoblom and S.L. Goren,

I and EC Fund., Vol. 5, No. k, p. 519, Nov.

1966.

"Pacific Island Water Systems Using a Combined

Solar Still and Rainfall Collector," E.D. Howe,

Solar Energy, Vol. X, No. k, pp. 175-I8I,

Dec. 1966.

"Solar Distillers for Use on Coral Islands,"

E.D. Howe and B.W. Tleimat, Desalination,

Vol. 2, No. 1, 7 pp., 1967.

^Requests for copies shoiold be directed to: Institute of Industrial Cooperation, Dept. of

Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, Calif.

9OO2I1

.

**Requests for copies should be directed to: Sea Water Conversion Lab., Univ. of Calif.,

1301 S. kSfh St., Richmond, Calif. 9^Q0k.

(2265) FORCES ON ACCELERATED CYUNDERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. A.D.K. Laird, 6167 Etcheverry Hall, Univ.

of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Measurement and prediction of drag coefficients

and flow configurations about cylinders during

accelerated motion in fluids including effects

of support flexibility.

(g) Analytical explanation of eddy formation found.

{h562) ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS.

(b) Laboratory project and Water Resources Center,

Univ. of Calif.

9
(c) Prof. J.A. Harder, Hesse Hall, Univ. of Calif.,

Berkeley.

(i) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Given a sufficiently long record of the input

and output of a stationary system that may

include nonlinearities, the piirpose is to develop a predictor for arbitrary inputs.

(g) Computer program has been developed. Applications have been made to the prediction of

salinity in estuaries from river flow data.

Predictor accuracy is of same order of

accuracy as field data (5-10^).

(h) "The Prediction of Estuary Salinity Using Nonlinear Systems Analysis," J.A. Harder and S. Zand, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Nov. I967.

(i^565) 1>1A.THEMA.TICAL MODELS FOR FLOOD ROUTIWG.

(b) Laboratory project and Water Reso\irces Center,

Univ. of Calif,

(c^ Prof. J.A. Harder; see {h562) above,

(dl Theoretical; basic research,

(e) Computer simulation of flood flows through

natural channels is coirrpared with actual flows.

(g) Computer programs are operating successfully

and a generalized theory is being worked out.

(^930) COASTAL SAND MOVEMEMT.

(b) Corps of Engrs., U.S. Army, Coastal Engrg.

Research Center.

(d) Experimental; laboratory and field.

(e) This investigation is concerned with the

transportation of sand by both wind and waves.

(h) "Sand Movement Along a Portion of the Northern

California Coast," J.A. Cherry, CERC Tech.

Memo. No. ih, Oct. I965.

"Sand Movement Along Equilibrium Beaches North

of San Francisco," J.A. Cherry, Jour. Sed. Pet.,

Vol. 36, No. 2, June I966.

"The Erosional and Depositional History of the

Coast of Northern California," C.R. Minaxd, Jr.,

Univ. of Calif., Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. HEL-2-10,

Sept. 196k.

"Bed Load Function Due to Wave Action, " M.M. Abou-Seida, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Calif.,

Jan. 1965, and Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab. Rept.

No. HEL-2-11, Jan. I965.

"A Function for Sand Movement by Wind," A.A.

Kadib, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Calif., 1965, and

Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. HEL-2-12,

Jan. 1965. "Recent Sediments of the Monterey Deep-sea Fan,

P. Wilde, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. HEL-2-13, May 1965. "Recent Coastal Sediments: Double Point to

Point San Pedro, California," D.B. Moore, M.A. Thesis, Univ. of Calif., June I965, and Univ.

of Calif. Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. HEL-2-lil., June

1965.

"Coastal Sedimentation: Point San Pedro to Miramontes Point, California," F.L. Sayles, M.A. Thesis, Univ. of Calif., Aug. I965, and

Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. HEL-2-15,

AT;ig. 1965.

"A Reconnaissance Heavy Mineral Study of

Monterey Bay Beach Sediment," F.L. Sayles,

Univ. of Calif. Rept. Wo. HEL-2-16, Aug. I966.

"Wear shore Sediment Movement- -Central

California Coast," J.W. Johnson, Coastal Engrg.,

ASCE Santa Barbara Specialty Conf., Oct. I965.

"Mechanism of Sand Movement on Coastal Dunes,"

A.A. Kadib, Jour. Waterways and Harbors Div.,

ASCE, May 1966, pp. 27-kk.

(1^932) GROUND WATER BASIN MANAGEMENT.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research; and Water

Resources Center.

(c) D.K. Todd.

(dj Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(e) Study of the physical conditions within a basin so that ground water levels at any point

can be predicted for any future time for given

recharge and discharge conditions. Subseq.uently, study of alternate methods for

operating the basin to obtain an economically

optimal system.

(h) "The Optimum Use of a Gro-und-water and Surfacewater System: a Parametric Linear Programming

Approach," J.A. Dracup, Water Resources Center

Contribution No. IO7, Univ. of Calif.,

Berkeley, 13h pp., 1966.

"Theoretical Analysis of Groundwater Basin

Operations," W.D. McMillan, Water Resources

Center Contributions No. Ilk, Univ. of Calif.,

Berkeley, I67 pp., I966.

"Cost, Precision, and Value Relationships of

Data Collection and Design Activities in Water

Development Planning," S.V. Allison, Water

Resources Center Contribution Wo. 120, Univ.

of Calif., Berkeley, ll4-2 pp., I967.

(it933) HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS ANALYSIS.

(b) California Dept. of Water Resources.

(c) Prof. J.A. Harder, Hesse Hall, Univ. of Calif.,

Berkeley.

(d) Experimental; applied research and design.

(e) Analog model and digital computer methods are being used to predict salinity, tidal amplitudes, tidal elevations, and fresh water flows

in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Region.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Analog Modeling the California Delta System,"

J.A. Harder and J.O. Nelson, Proc. ASCE, Vol.

92, No. mk, pp. 1-10, July 1966.

(i^93^) WAVE DIFFRACTION AND REFRACTION.

(b) Corps of Engrs., U.S. Army, Coastal Engrg.

Research Center.

(c) Prof. R.L. Wiegel, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Determination by model tests the diffraction

and refraction characteristics of wind waves. Also, model studies of the "Mach-stem"

equivalent of water waves.

(g) A study is being made on the directional

spectra of wind generated waves, and on their

diffraction by a semi-infinite breakwater.

(h) "Diffraction of Wind Generated Water Waves,"

Ismail Mobarek and Robert L. Wiegel, Proc. Tenth Conf. Coastal Engrg., ASCE, I966, pp. 185-206.

"Directional Spectra of Laboratory Wind Waves,"

Ismail E. Mobarek, Jour Waterways and Harbors

Div., Proc. ASCE, Vol. 91, No. WW3, Aug. I965,

pp. 91-116.

"Diffraction of Water Waves over Bottom

Discontinuities," Nabil Hilaly, Univ. of

Calif., Hyd. Eng. Lab., Tech. Rept. HEL-1-7,

Sept. 1967, lk2 pp.

(5^37) DEPOSIT OF SILT IN A GRAVEL BED BY WATER

FLOWING OVER THE BED.

(b) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

(c) Prof. H.A. Einstein, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The rate at which fine sediment is deposited

in artificial spawning grounds for salmon

and other fish has been determined. The

10
sediment carrying flow is recirculated over gravel beds in laboratory flumes.

(f) Terminated.

(g) The fine sediment deposits at a rate that is

proportional to the concentration. The

concentration decreases exponentia3-ly. The

"half life" is proportional to the water

depth and inversely proportional to the

settling velocity.

(h) Final report submitted to the U.S. B\ireau of

Reclamation.

"Deposition of Svispended Particles in a Gravel

Bed/' H.A. Einstein, submitted to ASCE for

publication in Jour., Hyd. Div.

(5^38) SHAPE OF CROSS SECTIONS IN RTVER BENDS.

(b) Laboratory research, supported by the

California State Water Resources Center.

(c) Prof. H.A. Einstein; see (5^+37) above.

(d) Experimental with statistical analysis,

Ph.D. thesis.

(e) A circular flume has been constructed in which

various flows are established and cross sections established. The cross sections are statistically described by a minimum of

parameters and the change of these parameters

established in terms of the flow and sediment

parameters. River sections are eq.\;ially

analyzed.

(g) Analysis of 23OO cross sections of the Missoiiri

River shows that cross slope of the bed can be

predicted as a function of the channel curvature in the preceding I.5 miles of river. The

statistical analysis is continued.

(5^39) WAVE FORCES.

(b) Corps of Engrs., U.S. Army, Coastal Engrg.

Research Center.

(c) Prof. R.L. "Wiegel, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Determine by model tests the forces exerted

by waves on coastal structures. Theoretical

sttidies of statistical properties of wave

forces.

(g) Forces exerted by broken waves on vertical

wall bulkheads are being studied experimentally. Spectral methods are being developed

to study wave forces on piles, both theoretically and experimentally.

(h) "The Spectral Density for Ocean Wave Forces,"

Leon E. Borgman, Coastal Engrg.: Santa

Barbara Specialty Conf., Oct. I965, ASCE,

1966, pp. li|-T-l82.

"Ocean Wave Simulation for Engineering Design,"

Leon E. Borgman, Civil Engineering in the

Oceans, ASCE, I967 (in press).

"Tsimami Surge Forces," Ralph H. Cross, Jour. Waterways and Harbors Div., Proc . ASCE, Vol.

93, No. mk, Nov. 1967. "Wave Forces on Circular Cylindrical Piles

Used in Coastal Structures," Yuan Jen, Univ.

of Calif. Hyd. Eng. Lab. Tech. Rept. HEL-9-11,

Jan. 1967, 99 PP.; also. Jour. Waterways and

Harbors Div., Proc. ASCE (in press).

"Statistical Prediction of Wave-induced

Responses in Deep-Ocean Tower Structures,"

Edward Terence Foster, Jr., Univ. of Calif.

Hyd. Eng. Lab. Tech. Rept. HEL-9-lij-; also

in "Civil Engineering in the Oceans," ASCE,

1967 (in press)

.

"Tables of the Statistical Distribution of

Ocean Wave Forces and Methods of Estimating

Drag and Mass Coefficients," L.J. Brown and

L.E. Borgman, U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers,

Coastal Engrg. Research Ctr., T.M. 2k,

Oct. 1967, 152 pp.

(5816) GROUND WATER FLOW IN THE CAPILLARY ZONE.

(b) Water Resoiirces Center.

(c) D.K. Todd.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) A sand model with steady ground water flow

was employed to study flow in the capillary

zone, its relative magnitude, and its

importance in relation to flow in the

saturated zone.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Lateral Movement of Water throtigh the

Unsatiirated Zone of an Unconfined Aq.ulfer,"

F. Mobasheri, M. Shahbazi, and D.K. Todd,

Water Resources Ctr. Contribution No. IO6,

Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, 39 pp., I965.

Technical paper in preparation.

(5817) SHIP WAVES IN NAVIGATION CHANNELS.

(b) Coastal Engineering Research Center.

(c) Prof. J.W. Johnson, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Theoretical, laboratory and field experimental

basic research study.

(e) The characteristics of waves generated by

ships moving at various speeds in shallow

water are being investigated.

(h) "Investigation of Ship-generated Waves," R.M. Sorensen, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab. Rept.

No. HEL-12-1, April I966.

"Ship Waves," R.M. Sorensen, Ph.D. Thesis,

Univ. of Calif., Aug. I966 and Univ. of Calif.

Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. HEL-12-2, Aug. I966.

"investigation of Ship-generated Waves," R.M. Sorensen, Jour. Waterways and Harbors Div.,

ASCE, Feb. I967, pp. 85-99.

"Waves Generated by a Moving Ship," R. M. Sorensen, Shore and Beach, Vol. 35 j No. 1,

April 1967, pp. 21-25.

"Photometric Definition of a Wave Surface,"

F.H. Moffitt, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab. Rept.

No. HEL-12-3, September I966.

"Determination of a Ship's Wave Resistance in a Canal from Measurements of Wave Profiles,"

T. Mizimo and J.V. Wehaiisen, Univ. of Calif.

Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. mL-12-k, Dec. I966.

"Ship Waves in Navigable Waterways," Duncan Hay,

Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. HEL-12-5,

Sept. 1967.

(5818) TRANSMISSION OF WAVE ENERGY THROUGH RUBBLE

MOUNDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. J.W. Johnson; ^ee (58l7)above.

(d) Experimental.

(e) The transmission of wave energy through three

scale models of rubble structures wa' conducted with rubble size and wave c/xaracteristics as the principal variables.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Scale Effects in Wave Action Through Poroiis

Structures," J.W. Johnson, H. Kondo, and R. Wallihan, Proc. Tenth Conf. on Coastal Engrg.,

1967, pp. 1022-102it.

(5819) WATER TABLE AND TOPOGRAPHY RELATIONS.

(b) Office of Water Resources Reseaxch; and Water

Reso\irces Ctr.

(c) D.K. Todd.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Analytic techniq.ues were developed and applied

to the study of flow pattern in a two-dimensional steady state ground water basin

11
resulting from surface infiltration. The

geometry of recharge and discharge zones is a function of ground surface profile, recharge

rate, permeability, and geometry of the flow

region. The study incl-uded cases where the

water table was knoira and also unknown; single

and multi-layered systems were analyzed.

Results were checked by a Hele-Shaw model,

(f^ Completed.

(h) "Analytic Techniques for Determining Ground

Water Flow Fields," M. Shahbazi and D.K. Todd,

Water Resources Ctr. Contribution No. 117,

Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, 139 pp., 196?.

(5820) TRANSPORT OF SILT THROUGH POROUS MEDIA.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. H.A. Einstein, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental and theoretical basic research.

(e) Silt-carrying water is flowing at various

directions through porous media. The deposition, transport and erosion of the silt are studied as a function of silt size,

concentration and density, and of the flow

velocity.

(g) Laboratory experiments in a column filled with

spheres in geometrically regular arrangement

are concluded and show that particles smaller

than 1/7 of their diameter are able to enter

the pores. Particles between I/7 and l/xk

their size will in time clog the column.

Particles smaller than l/lh their size will

indefinitely pass through the colvnmi.

For horizontal or near horizontal motion there

exists a relationship between the rate of

motion of the fine particles and the fluid

velocity.

(h) "A Review of Filtration Theories," S. Irmay

and R. Sakthivadivel, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab.

Rept. Wo. HEL-15-14-, July I966.

"Theory and Mechanism of Filtration of Noncolloidal Fines Through a Porous Medium," R. Sakthivadivel, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Calif.,

Dec, 1966, and Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab.

Rept. Ho. HEL-15-5, Dec. I966, 110 pp. "Theory and Mechanism of Filtration of Non- colloidal Fines Throiagh a Poroiis Medium to

Other Directions Than Vertical," R. Sakthivadivel, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Lab.

Rept. No. HEL-15-6, June I967, 36 pp. "Clogging of a Granular Porous Medium by Fine

Sediments," R. Sakthivadivel and H.A. Einstein

(in preparation).

(6221) ENERGY DISSIPATORS FOR lARGE CULVERTS.

(b) California Division of Highways.

(c) J.W. Johnson, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental.

(e) Model studies were conducted to arrive at the

best condition for a hook-type dissipator with

Froude Numbers up to about ^4-. (f) Completed.

(g) "Ifcdel Studies of Energy Dissipators for Large

Culverts," T.C. MacDonald, Univ. of Calif.

Hyd. Lab. Rept. No. HEL-13-5, Nov. I967.

(6222) BEKDBACK CONTROL OF CANAL GATES.

(b) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Region II.

(c) Prof. JJV. Harder, kl2 Hesse Hall, Univ. of

Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Canal systems are modeled with electric

analogs and digital computer programs, and

feedback control systems for maintaining

near -constant water levels are developed and

evaluated.

(g) A feedback loop filter constriicted of

hydraulic components has been developed that

successfully controls oscillations.

(6223) THE MANAGEMENT OF SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGIC

SYSTEMS FOR WATER QUALITY CONTROL.

(b) Water Resources Center, Univ. of Calif.

(c) Hugo B. Fischer, Asst. Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Basic mechanics of mixing and dispersion of

pollutants in river and estuarine systems are studied to improve methods of predicting and

managing surface water quality.

(622i|-) TSUNAMIS.

(b) Corps of Engrs., U.S. Army, Coastal Engrg.

Research Ctr.

(c) Prof. R.L. Wiegel, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Model and theoretical stud.ies of water waves generated by horizontal fault moving normal

to a channel or escarpment.

(g^ See (e).

(h) "Long Wave Profiles over a Slope," R.H. Cross

and R.L. Wiegel, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Eng.

Lab. Tech. Rept. HEL-I6-I, Oct. I966, I7 pp. "Non- linear Wave Effects on Tide Gages,"

Ralph H. Cross, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Eng. Lab.

Tech. Rept. HEL-16-2, May I967, 30 pp.

- "Methods for the Analysis of Non-stationary

Time Series with Applications to Oceanography,

Lloyd John Brown, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Eng. Lab.

Tech. Rept. HEL-I6-3, May I967, I35 pp. "Freq\jency Response of Tide Gages," Ralph H. Cross, Univ. of Calif. Hyd. Eng. Lab. Tech.

Rept. BEL-16-k, Aug. 1967, 13 pp.

UNIVERSITY OF CAIJFORNIA, BERKELEY, Dept. of Naval

Architecture , Berkeley, California 9'<-720.

(5301) SHIP SIAMMING.

(b) U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Maritime Admin.

(c) Prof. H.A. Schade, Dept. of Naval Architecture, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(e) The purpose of the project is to investigate

the impact loads (pressures) caused by

slamming and the response of the ship struc- ture to these loads. The capacity of the

testing equipment is as follows: (a) l/k

scale models; (b) total model weights up to

l)-0,000 lbs; (c) drop height up to 10 ft.

above the still water surface.

(g) Preliminary results for an extra stiff flat

model indicate that: (a) For lower drop

heights the peak pressure varies nearly as the s<iuare of the impact velocity; (b) the

pressure is proportional to the deceleration

(for the range 10 to 30 g). More experiments

in preparation.

(h) "The Ship Dynamic Test Machine at the University of California, Berkeley, California,"

Walter M. Maclean, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley,

Coll. of Engrg. Rept. NA 66-1, Jan. I966.

(14-971) SHIP RESISTANCE IN IRREGULAR WAVES.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.,

Dept. of the Navy

12
(c) Mr. O.J. Sibul, Dept. of Waval Architecture,

Coll. of Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The previo\is resistance measurements of ship

models in uniform waves wi]-l he used to

predict the total added resistance in

irregular waves of known spectral content. The predictions will be compared with

experiments in irregular waves of various

spectral contents and severity, combined with

a number of model speeds.

(g) The resistance response fimction was used to predict the resistance of a Series 60, Cb = 0.70 model in irregular waves of known spectral content. The predictions are compared

with measurements. The results indicate

that the predicted added resistance is

approximately 65 to 85 per cent of the meas- ured values, depending upon the severity of

the waves and the speed of the ship. This is a similar trend as found earlier for the

experiments in waves at two components

.

(h) "An Experimental Study of Ship Resistance and

Motions in Waves - A Test for Linear Superposition," O.J. Sibul, Univ. of Calif.,

Berkeley, Coll. of Engrg. Kept. MA 66-3, Jan. 1966. "Increase of Ship Resistance in Waves," O.J.

Sibul, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Coll. of

Engrg. Rept. NA. 67-2, March I967.

(kOSk) SHIPS OF MIHIMUM RESISTANCE,

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Prof. J.V. Wehausen, Dept. of Naval Architecture, Coll. of Engrg., Univ. of Calif.,

Berkeley.

(d) Theoretical applied research.

(e) The general aim of this work is to find com- puter designed ships of minimum "total" re- sistance, subject to various restraining

conditions. Here "total" resistance means

the Michell wave resistance plus the

equivalent flat-plate frictional resistance.

(g) The waves generated by the ship model were

measTjred from stereoscopic pictures of the

water surface behind the model. The results were used to calculate the wave-making

resistance by Egger's method. The analysis

shows that the wave-making resistance co- efficient is a minimum at the design speed.

Boundary layer separation observed at the

stem may be a possible source for higher

than expected resistance. Some additional

experiments were made in which boundary

layer siiction was used at the stern. Results

indicate reduced form resistance as the rate

of the suction is increased.

(h) "Use of Lagrangian Coordinates for Ship Wave

Resistance (First- and Second-Order Thin-Ship

Theory)" J.V. Wehausen. Univ. of Calif., Coll.

of Engrg. Rept. NA 6j-k, June I967. Qualified

req.\xesters may obtain copies from DDC. Limited number of copies available from Dept. of

Naval Architecture, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley.

(577^) HYDRODYNAMICS OF SHIP SIAMMING.

(b) University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of

Commerce, U.S. rferitime Admin., and Naval

Ship Research and Development Ctr., Dept. of

the Navy.

(c) Prof. J.V. Wehausen; see (^J-OS^) above.

(d) Theoretical, experimental.

(e) Some experimental results suggest that air

trapped under the flat bottom of the falling

model, is cushioning the impact and reducing

the peak pressures for slamming. A preliminary

theory has been developed to take into

consideration the entrapped air.

(f^ Completed.

(g) The theory shows good general agreement with

the experiments, thoiagh further work is needed

to confinn some of the assumptions made.

(h) "The Effect of Entrapped Air upon the Slamming

of Ships' Bottoms," Grant Lewi son and Walter

M. Maclean. Univ. of Calif., Coll. of Engrg.

Rept. NA 66-5, Mar. I966.

"The Effect of Air Compressibility in the

Impact of a Flat Body upon a Free Surface,"

Robert S. Johnson. Univ. of Calif., Coll.

of Engrg. Rept. NA 66-8, Sept. I966.

(i)-570) PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON SEMI -SUBMERGED

OSCILIATING BODIES.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Prof. J.R. Paulling, Dept. of Naval Architecture, Coll. of Engrg., Univ. of Calif.,

Berkeley.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) To determine the response of a floating body

in a seaway, it is necessary to know the

magnitudes and phases of hydrodynamic forces

and moments acting on this body. In the

linearized analysis the total pressure at any point takes the form of two terms: (a)

exciting pressure dependent upon the waves

only: (b) pressure dependent upon the geometry and motion of the body and independent

of the waves. These two terms are being

measured on: (l) A prolate spheroid; (2) A

ship-like form.

First the models are attached rigidly to the

dynamometers, towed in waves and the pressure

distribution, total forces and moments

measured. Then the models are oscillated

sinusoidally in still water and again the

pressure distribution, total force and moment

meas\ired. The results will be compared with

theoretical calc\ilations

.

(f) Completed.

(g) The results indicated that the wave forces and

moments follow the general trend as predicted

by the Froude-Krylov Theory. For the oscillating models in still vra,ter the results were

compared with strip computations using two- dimensional cylinder data. In general, the

greater discrepancies were found at the ends

of the model. At amidships, measured values

agreed quite closely with two-dimensional

resuilts. At high frequencies forward speed was fo\md to have smal-l effect on added mass. However, at high frequencies and high forward

speed, negative damping was found at some sections

.

(h) "Measurements of Pressures on a Heaving Prolate

Spheroid," Choung Mook Lee and J.R. Paulling,

Univ. of Calif. Coll. of Engrg. Rept. NA 66-k,

March I966.

(6298) STEERING AND DIRECTIONAL STABILITY OF SHIPS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Prof. J.R. Paulling; see (i^570) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) The objective of this research is the

experimental and theoretical determination of

the steering characteristics of ships.

(f) Completed.

13
(g) The change of ship response in a ziz-zag maneuver due to a small variation of each of

the coefficients in the eqmtion of motion has

been obtained. The non-linear equations were

solved by numerical methods . Both dynamically

stable and unstable ships were investigated.

The relationship between the ship lateral

response and harmonically oscillated rudder

has been found experimentally. Excellent

agreement between experiment and theoretical

prediction was obtained. In separate tests dynamometers were used to measure longitudinal and transverse forces and

moments about the centerline of the rudder

stock. Results were compared with rudder

performance, calculated from airfoil data and

results obtained by other experimenters.

(h) "An Investigation of the Sensitivity and the

Linearity of Response of a Steered Ship,"

Hsao-Hsin Chen, Univ. of Calif. Coll. of

Engrg. Kept. NA. 67-I, Feb. I967.

"The Experimental Determination of the Rudder

Forces and Rudder Torque of a Mariner Class

Ship Model," Hsao-Hsin Chen, Univ. of Calif.

Coll. of Engrg. Rept. NA 67-5, July 1967.

(6299) MOTION OF A "SPAR SHIP" IN WAVES.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) J.R. Paulling; see ('4-570) above.

(d) Experimental, theoretical.

(e) The behavior of a floating body of revolution

having a vertical axis and small radius to depth ratio has received considerable attention. This configuration can form the basis

for a number of special types of seagoing

vehicles such as a stable oceanographic

research platform. In the present study the motions as well as the forces will be measured on a small model

of a "Spar Ship" on waves. The experimental

results will be compared with theoretical

calculation,

(g) The heave, pitch, and s\arge motions of the

"spar ship" have been measured in uniform

waves. The resiilts compare fairly well with

theoretical calculations. However, more data

are necessary, and the instrumentation needs

improvement in order to accurately measure the

small motions characteristic of this type

body.

(6300) FORCES AND PRESSURES ON TWO-DIMENSIONA.L

BODIES IN FORCED OSCILIATIONS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Prof. J.R. Paulling; see {h'y'JO) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) A potential solution up to the second order

is sought for a symmetric horizontal cylinder

which oscillates vertically in a free surface.

The pressure distribution about the cylinder,

the force acting upon it, and the waves generated by it are computed. Theoretical

results will be compared with experimental

measurements. The results of this study will

be used to help calculate the response of a floating body on a seaway.

(g) The theoretical analysis has been completed.

Numerical computations were made for a circular cylinder and for a U-shaped cylinder.

The results indicate that the second-order

hydrodynamic forces may become important when

the bodies are subject to large amplitude

oscillations. The experimental work is under

evaluation.

(h) "The Second-order Theory of Cylinders Oscillating Vertically in a Free Sijrface," Choung

Mook Lee, Univ. of Calif. Coll. of Engrg.

Rept. NA 66-7, Sept. I966.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, Coll. of Agriculture

and Environmental Science, Dept. of Water Science and

Engrg ., Davis, California 95616

.

(23) HYDROLOGY OF IRRIGATION SUPPLIES IN CALIPORIHA.

(h) Univ. of California.

(c) Prof. R.H. Burgy, Dept. of Water Science and

Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Davis.

(d) Laboratory and field investigation; applied

research.

(e) Hydrologic investigations of mountain watersheds are being conducted on pilot watersheds

in three areas of the state . Measurements are made of rainfall, surface runoff, erosion, and

groTondwater storage and outflow. The hydrologic effect of vegetative conversions on the

watersheds is under long-term study. Various

tracer techniques are used to study groundwater movement and sources of water for

native vegetation water uptake. Moisture

movement and storage above water tables in

fractured rock mantles are meas\ired with

neutron scattering meters, combined with

seismic and resistivity methods. Micrometeorological techniques and equipment are being tested to provide an independent

evaluation of evapotranspiration from the

study watersheds.

(h) "Water Use by Native Vegetation and Hydrologic

Studies," D.C. Lewis and R.H. Burgy, Annual

Rept. No. 7, 1965-66, Dept. of Water Science

and Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Davis.

(1819) DRAINAGE IN RELATION TO IRRIGATION.

(b) Univ. of California.

(c) Dr. J.N. Luthin and Mr. J. Woerner, Univ. of

Calif., Davis.

(d) Basic and applied research.

(e) Leaching of salts from soil under ponded

conditions has been studied in a sand tank.

The movement of the "leaching front" (defined

as the interface between the added fresh water

and the salty soil water) has been fo]-lowed.

Theoretical analyses were made by obtaining

solutions to Kirkham's eqviation. Exit

gradients into drain lines were obtained from

theoretical analyses

.

(h) "Drain Tile Effects on Soil Salinity in the

Imperial Valley," F.R. Robinson and J.N.

Luthin, California Agric . 21, Feb. I967.

"Transient Solutions for Drainage of Sloping

Land," J.N. Luthin and J.C. Guitjens, Jour.

Irrig. and Drainage, ASCE, IR3, iI-3-51. "Proposed Drain Spacing Equation and an Experimental Check with the Hele-Shaw Model,"

M.N. Amer and J.N. Luthin, Intl. Soil Water

Symp. ICID Proc, II, 397-i4-22.

(14-086) MISCIBLE AND IMMISCIBLE FLUID DISPLACEMENTS

IN RELATION TO SOLUTE MOVEMENT IN SOIL AND

OTHER POROUS MATERIAL.

(b) Univ. of California.

(c) Drs. J.W. Biggar and D.R. Nielsen, Dept. of

Water Science and Engrg., Univ. of Calif.,

Davis.

Ik
(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied.

(e) The simultaneous transport of fluids and

solutes through poro\:is media is under investigation. The mixing and spreading of the fluids

in the medium, the interaction of the fluids

with each other and the medium have heen

studied. The work will help define the nature

of the poroias structure of materials, and the

coupling between velocity and diffiision in the

dispersion process. Leaching phenomena,

disposal of industrial and radioactive wastes,

and the movement of pesticides in soil water

depend upon the dispersion process.

(g) Transient water and salt conditions in columns

and field profiles of soil are currently under

study. These conditions involve, among other

complex processes, the hysteritic moisture

content-pressure relation and the rate dependence of this relation. The mixing processes

in unsaturated media which have not been understood are also involved. Field experiments

demonstrating the importance of mixing in

saturated and unsat\irated soils have been

continued. A computer program for predicting

leaching of salts has been improved to include a variable K and mixing processes.

(51^^5) GEMEBAUZED ANALYSIS OF SMALL WATERSHED

RESPONSES.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research—Water

Resources Center, Univ. of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho, Dept. of Water Science and

Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Davis.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied research.

(e) (l) Studies on the mathematical theory of non- linear systems with lumped and with distributed

parameters. (2) Development of methods for the

establishment of inflow-outflow relationships

for natural catchments. (3) Laboratory and

field investigations related to (2) above.

(g) Several models for the prediction of watershed

performance have been developed. Data on California catchments have been analyzed and

studies of the conformance of model predictions with field data have been \jndertaken. A

detailed model for the process of snow melt

has been completed and tested against field

data obtained in the Sierra Nevada of California. Stiidies on a laboratory system for the

verification of theoretical methods for the

description of the operation of hydrologic

systems with distributed rainfall have been

initiated.

(h) "The Role of Infiltration in Nonlinear Watershed Analysis Processes," J. Amorocho, Trans. ASAE 10(3): 396-399, hOh, I967.

"The Nonlinear Prediction Problem in the Study

of the Rianoff Cycle," J. Amorocho, Water

Resources Res. 3(3): 86I-88O, I967.

(5861) THE MECHANICS OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOW SYSTEMS.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research—Water

Resources Ctr., Univ. of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho and Prof. T.S. Strelkoff,

Dept. of Water Science and Engrg., Univ. of

Calif., Davis.

(d) Theoretical and experimental Investigation.

(e) Comprehensive analytical and experimental

study of phenomena enco\jntered in the operation

of complex open channel systems with multiple

controls. Development of mathematical models

of the systems for steady and imsteady state operation.

(g) An air model and a water model of a warped

channel transition have been built and are being analyzed with hot-probe anemometer

equipment in order to evaluate the various

terms of the eq^uations of motion.

(5862) BEHAVIOR OF LARGE PUMPING PLANT SIPHONDISCHARGE LINES.

(b) Dept. of Water Resources, State of Calif.

(0) Prof. J. Amorocho and Mr. A. Babb, Dept. of

Water Science and Engrg., Univ. of Calif.,

Davis

.

(d) Hydraulic model studies.

(e) Investigation of energy losses due to air

entrapment at the crests of laxge pumping

plant discharge siphons due to the release of

air in solution from the water stream due to pressure reduction near siphon crests.

(f) Completed.

(g) The conditions of air entrapment at the crest of large siphons were investigated in various

laboratory model configurations and in large

siphons at Grand Coiilee Dam. The primary

cause for head losses in the siphons was found

to be the turbulent energy dissipation associated with the creation of hydraulic jumps

within the siphons under certain conditions of

flow. The conditions of sweepout of air

accijmulated at the siphon crests were also

investigated.

(h) "Flow Behavior in Large Siphons," A.F. Babb,

J. Amorocho, and J. Dean, WS and E Paper No. 1016, Univ. of Calif., Feb. 1967.

(5863) OVERFLOW AND UNDERFLOW DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS

FOR RADIAL GATES.

(b) Dept. of Water Resources, State of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho and A. Babb; see (5862).

(d) Experimental, applied research.

(e) Theoretical and experimental investigation of

discharge coefficients of radial gates under

steady and unsteady states for the cases of

simioltaneous gate overflow and underflow, and

for situations of flow reversal. The purpose

of the study is to establish the theory and

to obtain experimental data applicable to the

analysis of surge problems in gate -controlled

open channel systems in which flow reversal

can be expected.

(f) Completed.

(g) Values of the discharge coefficients of radial

gates for a wide variety of conditions including forward and backward free and submerged

flow, as well as gate overtopping were

determined. A computer program routine was

prepared, to permit the automatic applicat 3 on

of these experimental discharge coefficients

to the solution of unsteady state operation

problems of open channels with gate controls.

(h) "Discharge Coefficients of Radial Gates," A.

Babb, M. Moayeri, J. Amorocho, WS and E Paper

No. 1013, Univ. of Calif., July 1966.

(5861f) DEL VALLE DAM GLORY HOLE SPILLWAY.

(b) Dept. of Water Reso'urces, State of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho and A. Babb; see (5862).

(d) Model studies for design development.

(e) Study of glory hole spillway for a California

dam. Investigation of the effect of the

asymmetrical flow field created by the

topography of the reservoir in the immediate

vicinity of the spillway on the overflow

capacity. Effects of discharges from the

river outlet into the spillway tunnel on the

performance of the structure.

15
(f) Completed

(g) The effects of topographic configuration in

the vicinity of the spillway on the patterms

of flow were investigated. The disposition

of antivortex and flow directional vanes to improve on these flow conditions was sti;uiied,

and the configuration of the spillway shaft,

including the details of its elbow section was optimized.

(h) "Hydraulic Model Stvidy of the Shaft Spillway

for Del Valle Dam," K. Bucher and J. Amorocho,

WS and E Paper 1020, Univ. of Calif., I968.

(5865) MIXING CHAMBER FOR WATERS OF DIFFEREHT

QUALITIES.

(b) Metropolitan Water District of Southern Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho and Mr. A. Babh; see (5862).

(d) Hydraulic model investigation for design

development

.

(e) Development of a mixing chamber for obtaining

homogeneoias quality in the mixtiire of two

dissimilar water supplies. The optimization

of this device is sought in terms of mixing

qualities and minimum energy losses.

(f) Concluded.

(g) Detailed investigations of a mixing chamber

containing a larger inner cylinder with a number of ports were conducted. The chamber

performed satisfactorily and the mixing was found to be complete and uniform with respect

to time a short distance downstream from the

chamber

.

(h) "Flow Behavior in Large Pipe-Junction Structures," K.C. Reynolds, J. Amorocho, A. Babb,

and B. Cole, WS and E Paper No. IOI5, Univ.

of Calif., Dec. I966.

(6657) CASTAIC DAM SPILLWAY.

(b) Dept. of Water Resources, State of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho, Dept. of Water Science and

Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Davis.

(d) Hydraulic model investigations for design

development

.

(e) Investigation of flow behavior of spillways and

energy dissipators for the Castaic Dam of the

California Water Project.

(6658) CASTAIC INTAKE TOWER.

(b) Dept. of Water Resources, State of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho; see (665?) above.

(d) HydraTilic and air model investigations for

design development.

(e) Investigation of the hydraiilic performance of

a high intake tower with m.ultiple lateral

inlets at varioios levels. These studies

include the investigation of vibrations in the

tower due to unsteadiness in the flow, associated particularly with the operation of the

lateral intakes at various reservoir elevations.

(6659) CASTAIC DAM DIVERSION AND RELEASE SYSTEM.

(b) Dept. of Water Resources, State of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho; see (665?) above.

(d) Hydraulic model investigations for design

development

.

(e) Investigation of diversion scheme for the

Castaic Dam during construction and use of

elements of the diversion structures for the

permanent release system, which includes closed

conduit bifurcations and fixed cone values.

(6660) CEDAR SPRINGS SPILLWAY AND OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Dept. of Water Resources, State of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho, Dept. of Water Science

and Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Davis.

(d) Hydraulic model investigation for design

development

.

(e) Investigation of flow behavior of a spillway

and outlet works for Cedar Springs Dam.

(6661) TEHACHAPI PUMPING PLANT INTAKE.

(b) Dept. of Water Resources, State of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho; see (666O) above.

(d) Hydraulic model investigation for design

development.

(e) Investigation of flow patterns in the intake area of the Tehachapi pumping pla.nt of the

California Water Project.

(f) Completed.

(g) A variety of transitions and configurations were st^udied for the linkage between the main

supply canal and the pumping plant forebay

area. These studies indicate that although

the flow could not be directed axially towards

the ptmp intakes of the plant, the transversal

velocities past the intakes were relatively

low and did not cause any problems with respect

to pump suction.

(h) "Hydraulic Studies of the Tehachapi Pumping

Plant Intake Channel and Manifold," J. Amorocho, J.J. DeVries, and W. Curry, Proc,

Western Water and Power Symp., April I968, Los Angeles, Calif.

(6662) TEHACHAPI DISCHARGE LINE MANIFOLDS.

(b) Dept. of Water Resovirces, State of Calif,

(o) Prof. J. Amorocho; see (666O) above.

(d) Hydraulic model investigations for design

development.

(e) Investigation of the effects of various pump

manifold geometries on the energy losses and

on the possibility of vibration at the branch

j\motions due to vortex shedding.

(6663) TEHACHAPI SURGE TANK.

(b) Dept. of Water Resources, State of Calif.

(0) Prof. J. Amorocho; see (666O) above.

(d) Hydraulic model investigation for design

development

.

(e) Investigation of the discharge characteristics

of various alternative types of orifices for a surge tank for the penstocks of the California

Aqueduct over the Tehachapi Mountains. The

orifice performance will be studied for various

conditions of steady and unsteady, forward

and reverse flow.

(g) Head losses through various orifice configurations under steady state conditions were

determined.

(h) "Hydraulic and Structural Design of the

Tehachapi Surge Tank," A. Babb, R.W. Wright,

R. Blunden, and R.K. Jain, Proc, Western

Water and Power Symp., April I968, Los Angeles,

Calif.

(666k) THEORY OF THE DESIGN OF PRECIPITATION NETWORKS

FOR HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS.

(b) Water Resources Center, Univ. of Calif.

(c) Prof. J. Amorocho; see (6660) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental investigation;

basic and applied research.

(e) Experimental and analytical studies for the

determination of the optimum design of

precipitation networks for hydrologic analysis.

(g) A method has been developed for the characterization of precipitation patterns near ground

level. This method leads to the description

of the distribution of rainfall intensities

as a function of space and time and permits

quantitative measures of the accuracy of

description of the field as a fimction of
network density. An experimental network is now in operation in North Central California

in connection with this project,

(h) "The Representation of Storm Precipitation

Fields Near Ground Level," J. Amorocho and A. Brandstetter, J. Geophys. Res. 12{k):llk-'y-ll6h,

Teh. 15, 1967.

"The Effect of Density of Recording Rain Gauge

Networks on the Description of Precipitation

Patterns," J. Amorocho, A. Brandstetter, and

Don Morgan, Proc. Int'l. Assoc. of Scientific

Hydrology, Int'l. Union of Geodesy and Geophys.

Ihth. General Assembly, Bern, Switzerland, I967.

(6665) OPTIMIZATION OF CONJUNCTTVE SURFACE AND GROUND

WATER USE.

(b) Univ. of California.

(c) Dr. V.H. Scott, Dept. of Water Science and

Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Davis.

(d) Theoretical and field research. Applied

research including doctoral thesis studies.

(e) The following studies are in progress: (l)

Development of an operating schedule of a water distribution system including surface

and groimd water supplies for the purpose of

optimizing long-term benefits; (2) A stiody

of water q.uality control by programmed con- junctive use of water supplies of different

salt content.

(g) (1) A numerical computer solution of the

hydrologic balance in a two-aquifer system

including groundwater transfer and infiltration of imported surface water was developed;

(2) Numerical solutions for recharge into

confined or unconfined aquifers were developed

and presented in dimensionless form; (3)

Guidelines for detennining a cyclic pumping

schedule to achieve a desired minimum residml

drawdoTO were developed and presented in

graphical form; (k) The theoretical phase of a st\iiy on the comparative capacity and cost

of recharge wells versus shallow ditches was completed and the results published; (5) A

report on ground water conditions and pinnping

tests performed near the city of Patterson in

the San Joaqiiin Valley, California, was prepared and published. (6) Algorithms are being

sought for an approach to optimize a comprehensive system of surface and ground water

resources on the basis of long-term benefits

with particular attention given to econo- mizing on computer storage requirements.

(h) "The Hydrologic Balance of a Two-Aquifer System under Integrated Use of Surface and

Ground Water," N.J. Atallah, D. Eng. Thesis,

Univ. of Calif., Davis, 1966.

"A Solution for Determination of Aquifer

Characteristics and Unsteady Flow through

Injection Wells by Nimierical Methods," H. Esmaili, D. Eng. Thesis, Univ. of Calif.,

Davis, 1966.

"Cyclic Pumping for Drainage Purposes," G. Aron, V.H. Scott, and M.A. Abu-Zied, HWWA

Ground Water Jour. Vol. 5j No. 1, Jan. 1967-

"Aquifer Recharge Efficiency of Wells and

Trenches," V.H. Scott and G. Aron, NWWA

Ground Water Jour. Vol. 5, No. 3, July I967.

"Drainage by Wells - An Investigation in the

Patterson Water District," V.H. Scott, M.A. Abu-Zied, J.N. Luthin and G. Aron, Hilgardia,

Vol. 30, No. 10, Sept. 1967.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGEIiES, Dept. of

Engineering , Los Angeles, Calif. 90025

(6733) INVESTIGATION OF TOHNEL DEPOSITS CAUSING

OBSTRUCTION TO FLOW IN THE COLORADO RIVER

AQUEDUCT SYSTEM.

(b) Laboratory project supported by the Univ. of

Calif. Water Resources Center, and the

Metropolitan Water District of Southern Calif.

(c) A.F. Pillsbury, A.F. Bush, Andrea Balla, Dept.

of Engrg., U.C.L.A.

(d) Applied research.

(e)(g) Research and investigation into the nature of

deposits formed on the Colorado River Aqueduct

tunnels has been performed and recommendations

for control formulated.

The deposit in time becomes thick enough to cause roughness and impede the water flow,

thus producing a decrease in flow rate to a point where it becomes necessary to shut down

delivery and clean the system, giving economic

modification to this research. Deposits near the River were thicker than the deposits

closer to the end of the system near Lake

Matthews. Analysis of these deposits

indicated a highly carbonaceous material precipitated from the water slowly over a long

period of time. Some samples showed a heavy

involvement of biological activity, such as algae and other minute forms of life. It is

still not cleax whether the biological growths

encountered are the cause of the deposit or the result of being trapped in the deposit as

it is being formed.

In the initial stages the deposit is soft, but

as it dries out on dewatering, it becomes firm

and more difficult to remove. The chemical

analyses of deposits indicate calcium

carbonate as the predominant material in all

cases. Silica was present in varying amounts

from 2 to l^fo. Other metallic oxides were present to a small degree. Sulphates were present in only trace amounts. Carbonaceous

deposits also occurred in the open channels

from the reservoir and on the rocks in the

River. They were found on the metal surfaces, on the asphalt coated surfaces, and on the

brass surfaces on the p-ump and impeller.

Analysis of the Colorado River water under the

conditions encountered in the system showed

a positive sat\iration index with a tendency

for precipitation; in other words the water

was saturated at the pH-temperature encoun- tered and was capable of producing a deposit.

The delicate balance between the conditions

for deposition and for dissolving of deposits

is, worthy of considerable study to determine

what can be done to discoiarage deposition

without attacking the concrete surfaces of

the tunnels.

Research on the mechanism of carbonate

deposition in calcium silicate hydrates is

underway and may contribute significantly to

our understanding of the deposition mechanism.

The mechanism of control for chemical

deposition might be the addition of carbon

dioxide in the tunnels since this wovild

shift the equilibrium and decrease the tendency of deposition. The second possibility of

control would be the addition of acid to shift the pH slightly and thus decrease the

deposit. Such chemical control could aid in

keeping the tunnel surfaces clean, but would

not be practical in removing deposits already

accumulated.

17
(h) Final report to be published.

UmVKRSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SM DIEGO, see SCRIPPS

INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY.

THE CATHOLIC UKIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Dept. of Civil

Engrg. , Washington, D. C. 20017.

(3031) HYDROLOGY OF GREAT LAKES- ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

BASIN.

(bj Laboratory project.

(c) Dr.B.S. Browzin, Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Catholic Univ. of America.

(d) Basic research.

(e) Research is based on long range flow and

meteorologic record. Flow and precipitation

data on U.S. and Canada stations were statistically investigated in order to establish

basic long range hydrologic characteristics

of the basin.

Was completed in 1966. New publications

resiilted from continuation of the research

after 1966.

Coefficients of variation and of asymmetry of

monthly and of annual discharges were calculated, and their relation to climatic factors

explained. Average, maximum and minimum runoffs for the period of available observations

are analyzed. Historical variation of flow

and that of climatic factors were investigated.

"Annual Runoff in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence

Basin." Proc, Ninth Conf. on Great Lakes

Research, Toronto, 1966, Great Lakes Res.

Div., Univ. of Michigan., Publ. No, 15, pp. 203-215.

"Comparative Study of Snow Type Hydrology of

Northeastern Canada and of Plains of Russia

and Siberia," Proc, XIV General Assembly,

Intl. Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Berne

session, Switzerland I967.

(f)

(g)

(h)

THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Dept. of Space

Science and Applied Physics , Washington, D.C. 20OI7.

{6khQ) HYDRODYNAMICS OF LIQIFID-LIQUID INTERFACE.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Timothy W. Kao, Dept. of Space

Science and Appl. Physics, The Catholic Univ.

of America.

(d) Experimental and theoretical basic research;

M.S. and Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Stability and mixing of two liquids in

parallel shear flow.

(f) First stage completed; continuing.

(g) The stability of oil and water interface is

found to be a manifestation of the instability

in the water phase.

(h) "Role of the Interface in the Stability of

Stratified Flow Down an Inclined Place,"

Timothy W. Kao, Phys. of Fluids, 8, 2190-

219^1- , Dec. 1965.

"Stability of Gravity-motivated Plane

Poiseuille Flow of Two Fluids," Timothy W. Kao and C. Park, Proc. 10th Midwestern

Mechanics Conf., Ft. Collins, Colo., Aug. I967.

"Measurements of Mean Flow Profiles and

Stability of the Co-current Flow of Two

Immiscible Liquids," Timothy W. Kao and C.

Park. Tech Rep. 67-O32, Dept. of Space Science

and Appl. Physics, The Catholic Univ. of

America, Washington, D. C, Nov. 1967«

"Role of Viscosity Stratification in the

Stability of Two-Layer Flow Down an Incline,"

Tech. Rapt. 67-O3I, Dept. of Space Science

and Appl. Physics, The Catholic Univ. of

Amer., Washington, D.C, Nov. 1967-

(6kk9) EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A WEAK TURBULENT FIELD.

(c

(d

(e

(6450

(c

(d

(e

(6^51

(b

(c

(d

(e

(g

National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

Prof. S.C. Ling, Dept. of Space Science and

Appl. Physics, The Catholic Univ. of America.

Experimental basic research; Ph.D. thesis.

To study decay of turbulence created behind a

grid.

FREE SURFACE PLANING.

National Science Foundation.

Asst. Prof. Paul Rispin, Dept. of Space

Science and Appl. Physics, The Catholic Univ.

of America.

Theoretical basic research.

Non-linear free surface problem.

Singular perturbation method is applicable.

DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERIC VORTICES.

National Science Foundation.

Prof. C.C. Chang, Head, Dept. of Space

Scieaice and Appl. Physics, The Catholic Univ.

of America.

Experimental and theoretical basic and applied

research; M.S. and Ph.D. thesis.

Vortex motion over a fixed flat boundary.

Measurement of turbulent boundary layer flow

created by a vortex over a fixed plat plate

.

Numerical studies,

(h) "A Numerical Computation of a Confined Vortex,"

H.P. Pao, Tech. Rep. G^-OZk, Dept. of Space

Science and Appl. Physics, The Catholic Univ.

of America, Washington, D. C, April 1967.

"On the Stability of a Revolving Conducting

Fluid in a Circular Magnetic Field," Proc. 10th Midwestern Mechanics Conf., Ft. Collins,

Colorado, Aug. I967.

"Sources and Sinks at the Axis of a Viscous

Rotating Fluid," H.P. Pao and T.W. Kao, Tech.

Rep. 66-012, Dept. of Space Science and Appl.

Physics, The Catholic University of America,

Washington, D. C, July I966.

UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI, Department of Civil Engrg. , Cincinnati, Ohio li-5221.

(6ij-60) EROSION AT THE OUTLET OF CULVERTS.

(b) Ohio Department of Highways.

(c) Dr. Louis M. Laushey, Univ. of Cincinnati.

(d) Experimental; applied research; for

master's theses.

(e) Experimental study of incipient erosion

velocity at the outlet of culverts, the

amount sco\n'ed, and the time-rate of scour, for granular beds.

(f) Completed, and inactive.

(h) Results published in papers C-1, C-2h, and

C-39, Proc. Twelfth Congr., lAHR, Ft. Collins,

Colorado, September I967.

{6k6l) AERATION OF RIVERS.

(b) In cooperation with Ohio River Division,

Corps of Engineers.

(c) Dr. Herbert C. Preul, Univ. of Cincinnati.

18
(d) Experimental; applied research; laboratory

and field measurements.

(e) Study of reaeration of rivers at gated

structures. Oxygen uptake is measured with

different discharges, gate openings, and submergences . Purpose is to determine optimTan

operation of gates to maximize reaeration.

{6k62) UNSmDY FLOW.

(c) Dr. Louis M. Laushey, Univ. of Cincinnati.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; laboratory

measurements; for master's thesis.

(e) Measurements in ground water tank and HeleShaw apparatus to confirm equations for un- steady flow and to determine the friction

during unsteady flow.

(h) Progress report published in the Proc. , Symp.

of the lASH, Bern, Switzerland, October 196?.

(614-63) GROUNIfWATER COmMmATION.

(b^ U.S. Public Health Service.

(c) Dr. Herbert C. Preul, Univ. of Cincinnati.

(d) Experimental; laboratory and field.

(e) Measurements of amount of contamination and

travel velocity of contaminants in ground

water under a polluting sanitary land fill.

(6h6k) MODELS OF RIVER BASINS.

(b) Southwestern Ohio Water Company.

(c) Drs. Herbert C. Preul and Louis M. Laushey.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; laboratory and

field; for master's thesis.

(e) Construction of an electrical analogue, a computer solution, and a mathematical model

for an aquifer in the Miami River Basin.

Objective is to develop criteria and methods

for the optimian management of the aquifer.

(b) Office of Saline Water.

(c) William N. Gill, Prof, and Chmn. of Chemical

Engrg., Clarkson Coll. of Tech.

(d) Combined theoretical and experimental; basic

research.

(e) One of the purposes of this investigation is to delineate the fundamental mechanisms of

dispersion for well defined flows in a variety

of physical configurations. This information

will then be generalized to describe the

dispersion processes in poroTos media. Another

purpose of this work is to establish generalized methods of mathematical analysis for

the description of multiphase convective

diffijsion systems.

(h) Ananthakrishnan, V., W.W. Gill and Allen J. Barduhn, "Laminar Dispersion in Capillaries:

Part I. Mathematical Analysis", A.I. Ch.E.

Jour., 11, Wo. 6, 1063-1072(1965).

Gill, W.N., and V. Ananthakrishnan, "Laminar

Dispersion in Capillaries, Part II. Effect

of Inlet Boundary Conditions and Turner Type

of System Capacitance," A. I. Ch.E. Jour.,

12, 906-915(1966).

Gill, W.K., and V. Ananthakrishnan, "Laminar

Dispersion in Capillaries, Part IV. The Slug

Stimulus," A.I.Ch'.E. Jour., I3, 801-807(1967).

Gill, W.N., "Analysis of Axial Dispersion with

Time Variable Flow," Chemical Engrg. Sci.,

22, 1013-1017(1967).

Gill, W.N., "A Note on the Solution of Transient Dispersion Problems , "Proc . Roy. Soc,

A298 , 335-339(1967).

Reejhsinghani, N.S., Gill, W.N., and A.J.

Barduhn, "Laminar Dispersion in Capillaries:

Part III. Experiments in Horizontal Tubes

Including Observations on Natural Convection

Effects," A. I. Ch.E. Jour., I3, 9l6-92l( I967)

.

UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI, Dept. of Chemical and

MetallTorgical Engrg. , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221.

(6138) BLOOD PLOW PROPERTIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Daniel Hershey, Assoc. Prof, of Chem.

Engrg., Dept. of Chem. Engrg., Univ. of

Cincinnati.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic and

applied research; M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) Steady and pulsatile flow properties of blood

in rigid and distensible tubes.

(h) "Laminax Regime Transition for Blood Flow in

Tubes," Biorheology Join-., k, 6I-67, I967.

"Blood Flow in Rigid Tubes: Thickness and

Slip Velocity of Plasma Film at the Wall,"

J. Appl. Physiol. 21, 27-32 (I966).

"Wall Phenomena for Flow of Suspension (Blood)

in Rigid Tubes," Chemical Engrg. Prog. Symp.

Series: Chemical Engrg. in Medicine, Vol. 62, No. 66, 1^66, pp. 139-1^+5. "Friction Factors and Pressure Drop for

Sin\Asoidal Laminar Flow of Water and Blood

in Rigid Tubes," A. I. Ch.E. Jour., 13, h91-6

(1967). ~

"Analytical and Experimental Description of

Blood Flow," Digest of 7th Int. Conf. on Med.

and Biol. Eng., 37k, Stockholm, I367.

CIARKSON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, Department of

Chemical Engrg . , Potsdam, N.Y. I3676.

(6331) MECHAHISMS OF DISPERSION.

COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, Civil Engineering Section, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521.

Note: The Colo. State Univ. Hydrology Papers

may be obtained (at $3.00 per copy) by writing

to: Hydrology Papers, Civil Engrg. Dept.,

Foothills Campxis, Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo. 80521,

(55) SNOW COURSE MEASUREMENTS AND FORECAST ANALYSIS.

(b) Soil Conservation Service; Colorado Agric.

Expmt . Sta

.

(c) Mr. Jack N. Washichek, Snow Survey Supervisor,

Agricultural Engrg. Section.

(d) Field investigations; applied research.

(e) Systematic measurements of depth and water

content of snow are being made at high elevations in Colorado and New Mexico mountain

areas for the purpose of forecasting the run- off of the principal rivers in the interest of

irrigation, power, domestic supplies and other

uses. New snow courses have been established

in the headwaters area of the Frying PanArkansas Project. It is hoped that the new

snow courses will enable this office to install

automatic sensors in this basin to assist in

forecasting water potentials for the project.

(g) Forecasts are now being issued at forty-four

gaging stations in bolorado and New Mexico.

As forecast procedures improve, additional

streams will be forecasted and other areas of

potential power and irrigation development

will be investigated on the Colorado, San Juan,

Animas and Arkansas Rivers

.

19
(h) Colorado Agrlc . Expmt, Sta. General Series

Papers Nos. 84-2, 8^1-3, 8kk, 845 covering monthly- snow reports for all of Colorado and New Mexico.

Nine small basin reports and one two-state

b-ulletln covering the South Platte River

watershed; Arkansas River watershed; Rio

Grande watershed in Colorado; Rio Grande

watershed in New Mexico; Dolores River watershed; San Juan and Animas River watershed;

Gunnison River watershed; Colorado River

watershed; Yampa, White and North Platte

River watershed; Lower South Platte River

watershed. Supplemental reports are issued

Jan. 1, May 15, and June 1. Progress reports

on the Steamboat Springs Project and Progress

reports on the Jemez Mountain Project in New

Mexico. These axe both Atmospheric Research

Projects - "Summary of Snow Survey Measurements in Colorado and New Mexico".

(28i|-6) STOCHASTIC HYDROLOGY. (See also No. 28l2 in

past issues).

(b^ National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. V. Yevjevich, Prof, of Civil Engrg.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) The studies relate to the stochastic structure

of hydrologic time series. Annual, monthly

and daily rainfall and runoff data have been

studied and water q.uality parameters are also

being studied.

(g) Several statistical methods, including spectral

analysis, Markov models, and non-decreasing

sample functions have been applied to hydrologic time series studies

(h) "An Objective Approach to Definitions and

Investigations of Continental Hydrologic

Drought," V. Yevjevich, Hydrology Paper 23,

Colo. State Univ., Aug. I967.

"The Application of Cross-Spectral Analysis to Hydrologic Time Series," I. Rodriguez-Iturbe,

Hydrology Paper 2k-, Colo. State Univ.,

Sept. 1967. "Mean Range of Linearly Dependent Normal

Variables with Application to Storage Problems,"

V. Yevjevich, Water Resources Research, Vol. 3? No. 3, 1967, pp. 663-671.

"Reservoir Storage Capacity Required When

Water Inflow Has a Periodic and Stochastic

Component," P. Sutabutra, Ph.D. Dissertation,

June 1967.

"The Application of Cross-Spectral Analysis to Hydrologic Time Series," I. Rodriguez-Iturbe,

Ph.D. Dissertation, Aug. I967.

"Time Dependent Solutions for Water Storage

Problem," R.I. Jeng, Ph.D. Dissertation,

Dec. 1967.

"Characteristics of Distributions of Stochastic

Variables for Daily and Monthly Runoff and

Monthly Precipitation," J.J. Feline, M.S.

Thesis, Sept. I967.

The following papers appear in the Proceedings,

International Hydrology Symp., Sept. 6-8,

1967, Ft. Collins, Colo., Vol. 1 (June, I967):

"Stochastic Description of Daily River Flows,"

R.G. Qulmpo and V. Yevjevich, pp. 290-297.

"A Particular Stochastic Process as Applied to Hydrology," Petar Todorovic and V. Yevjevich,

pp. 298-305.

"The Statistical Measure of Hydrologic Time

Series," Walter G. Khisel, Jr. and V. Yevjevich,

pp. 306-313.

"Sunspots and Hydrologic Time Series," K. Rodriguez and V. Yevjevich, pp. 397-^05.

"Effects of Inconsistency and Non-Homogeneity

on Hydrologic Time Series," V. Yevjevich and

R.I. Jeng, pp. k'^l-h'yB.

"Applications of E\ms to Hydrologic Droughts,"

Richard N. Downer, M.M. Siddlqui and V. Yevjevich, pp. i+96-505.

"Effects of Sampling Interval, Periodicity,

Dependence and Skewness on Extreme Values,"

David F. Kibler and V. Yevjevich, pp. 537-3^-3. {k099) WAKE CHARACTERISTICS FOR BODIES OF REVOLUTION

WITH MOMENTUM ADDITION.

(b) Navy Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Dr. L.V. Baldwin, Dean of Engrg. and Prof,

of Civil Engrg., Colo. State Univ..

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic research.

(e) Turbulent and mean flow chajracteristics of

wakes formed behind axisymmetric and

elliptical bodies have been studied experimentally in a wind tunnel using hot-wire

anemometers. Theoretical studies have lead

to explanations of all observed phenomena.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Comments on Three Dimensional Effects in

Viscous Wakes," Yung-huang Kuo and L.V.

Bald^rin, AIAA Jour., Vol. 2, Il63-ll61(-,

June 196k.

"Instrument for Measuring the Intermittency

of Quasi-Steady Signals," C.L. Finn and V.A,

Sandborn, Colo. State Univ. Fluid Mech.

Paper No. 3, Oct. 196I+. "Three-Dimensional Turbulent Wakes," Yungh^uang Kuo, Ph.D. Dissertation, Colo. State

Univ., April I965.

"The Decay of Turbulence in Axisymmetric Wakes,"

N.H.C. Hwang and L.V. Baldwin, Trans. ASME,

Series D: J. Basic Engrg., Vol. 88, March I966.

"Diffusion and Decay of Turbulent Elliptic

Wakes," Yung-huang Kuo and L.V. Baldwin,

AIAA Jour., Vol. k. I566-I572, Sept. I966.

"The Formation of Elliptical Wakes," YunghvaiiQ Kuo and L.V. Baldwin, Jour. Fluid Mech.,

Vol. 27, 353-360, 1967.

"Wake Itirbulence far Downstream from an

Axisymmetric Body," N.H.C. Hwang, Ph.DDissertation, Colo. State Univ., Aug. 1966.

"intermittency of Par Wake Turbulence," L.V. Baldwin and V.A. Sandborn, AIAA Jour, note

(pending)

.

(14-106) GROUND-WATER RESERVOIR MMAGEMENT.

(b) Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station.

(c) D.K. Sunada, Asst. Prof., R.A. Longenbaugh,

Asst. Prof.

(d) Theoretical and field investigation; applied

research.

(e) It is the purpose to st-udy the operating

characteristics of ground water reservoirs in

Colorado. Specific stiiiies inclijde (l) natural

recharge from ephemeral streams, (2) electric

analog study of High Plains aq.uifer, (3) evaluation of natural recharge to aquifers, (k)

development of a general mathematical model,

for solution on a digital compxrter, that can

be adopted to particular ground water aquifers

to relate the effect of the varioiis parajneters on the aquifer, and (5) mathematical model

of inorganic ion movement in ground water

aquifers.

(g) (1) Kiowa Creek data analysis reveals influence

of ephemeral stream flow on irrigation we]-ls.

(2) Electric analog model has provided preliminary estimates on the quantity of water

that can be pumped from the High Plains Aqirifer.

(3) Mathematical models have shown importance

of priority of rights, aquifer characteristics,

gromd water pumping and consumptive demand on

20
management of an integrated surface-gro\md

water system,

(h) "Mathematical Model of a Stream-Aq.uifer

System," R.A. Longenbaugh, presented at Third

Amer. Water Resources Conf., San Francisco,

Calif., Nov. 1967.

"Distrib\ition of Ground Water Recharge," D.L.

Redde3J., M.S. Q?hesis, Colo. State Univ., June

1967.

"Irrigation Water Supply Management," L.F. Land,

M.S. Thesis, Colo. State Univ., March 1967-

(5l6i^) FLOW MEA.SUKEMEMT.

(b) Colo. Agric. Expmt. Sta.; Civil Engrg. Sect; and Northern Plains Soil and Water Conservation

Research Div., ARS, U.S. Dept. Agric.

(c) Dr. H.J. Koloseus, Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Colo. State Univ.

(d) Experimental laboratory and basic research

which involves staff and graduate student

participation leading to M.S. and Ph.D. degrees.

(e) This project has the general objective of

developing and improving devices and techniques for the conduction and measurement of

irrigation water. The present activities

include: (l) Evaluation of head losses for

various flow measuring devices, and (2) a

fiarther stvidy of the circular hydraiilic jiimp.

(g) Analytical considerations indicated that:

(1) the sequent depth for the circular

hydraulic jiimp is less than that for a jump

in a rectangulax channel. (2) the energy

dissipation for the circular hydraulic Jump is

greater than that for the rectangular hydraulic

jump. Preliminary experimental results tend

to be in accord with these indications.

(h) "Circular Hydraulic Jxnnp," D. Ahmad, M.S.

Thesis, Colo. State Univ., June 1967.

(5165) HYDRAULICS.

(b) Colorado Agrictilture Experiment Sta. and Civil

Engrg. Section.

(c) Dr. D.B. Simons, Assoc. Dean for Research,

Colo. State Univ.

(d) Basic research.

(e) This research is in hydraulics oriented toward

agriculture and irrigation. The principal

areas under study include fall velocity,

sediment transport, resistance to flow in

alluvial channels, turbulence and diffusion,

and the mechanics of flow in alluvial channels.

(g) Reports covering certain phases of fall

velocity in turbulent flows, channel stablization and resistance to flow in alluvial

channels have been completed.

(h) "Stablization of Channels with Gravel," Wend,

Fred H., Thesis, Dec. I967.

"Resistance to Flow in Alluvial Channels,"

Simons, D.B. and Richardson, E.V., U.S.

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, k22-J, I966.

"Effect of Surface Texture on Fall Behavior

of Cylinders and Disks in a Q^uiescent Fluid,"

Kumar, Ashok, Dissertation, March I967.

"Fall Velocity of Spheres in Open Channel Flow,

Kandala, Abdulahad S., Dissertation, Nov. I966.

(5395) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AFFECTING WATER

SUPPLIES ON IRRIGAKON PROJECTS.

(b) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

(c) R.E. Dils and J.R. Meiman, Colo. State Univ.

(d) Field investigation; applied research; and

theses

.

(e) The objectives of this study are: (l) to evaluate the use of dye solutions as a method of

determining water yields from watershed

subdivisions, (2) to test snow surface additives for the suppression of evaporation and

control of snow melt and (3) to study such

additional watershed management measures as are suggested by the work and which offer

promise of successful application to Bureau

projects.

(g) (1) A volume integration method of measuring

weekly flow by the dye dilution technique has

been developed. Substantial progress has also

been made in developing a continuous recording

system. (2) Evaporation suppression from

melting snow for short durations has been

achieved. Snowmelt has been approximately

doubled over a several week period.

(h) Goodell, B.C. et al. I967. "Streamflow Volumes

and Hydrographs by Fluorescent Dyes," Papers:

XIV Congress Int'l. Union Forest Research

Organizations, Munich, Germany, Section

01-02-11, pp. 325-3')-8.

Megahan, W.F. et al. 1967. "Net All-wave

Radiation as an Index of Natural Snowmelt and

Snowmelt Accelerated with Albedo Reducing

Material," Proc. Int'l. Hydrology Symp.,

Ft. Collins, Colo. pp. li4-9-156. Meiman, J.R. 1967- "Long-chain Alcohol

Suppression of Snow Evaporation," ASCE Jour. Hydraulics Div., Vol. 93 (HI 6), pp. 27I-279.

(5396) EXPERIMENTAL ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE STUDYARICKAREE RIVER.

(b) Colorado Gro\md Water Commission.

(c) Mr. Robert Longenbaugh, Asst. Research Engr.,

Colo. State Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research; design and

operation.

(e) The p\jrpose of this study is to determine the

feasibility and practicality of artificial

ground water recharge with Eastern Colorado

ephemeral-stream flood flows using temporary

low-cost structvires. The project will include

the design and evaluation of several different

types of recharge structures.

(g) Structures were designed and constructed on two artificial recharge sites. Data were

collected for two floods in June prior to the

destruction of the project by the July 21+ flood. Analyses of data and consideration on reconstruction of the project are imderway.

(h) "Artificial Recharge on the Arikaree River Near

Cope, Colorado," R.A. Longenbaugh, Dept. of

Civil Engrg., Colo. State Univ., CER66RAL35,

12 pp. 1966.

(5^4-00) CHEMICAL SEALING OF WATER CONVEYANCES.

(b) State of Colorado.

(c) Mr. R.D. Dinneyer, Jr.

(d) Experimental and field investigation; applied

research and development.

(e) The purpose of this project is to develop

practical, fast and low-cost design procedures

for utilizing chemicals, such as NaCl and

MaCO, for pond sealing purposes. The work is

incl\iding la.boratory evaluations and field

trials

.

(g) Three field trials have been installed and

are being evaluated.

i'^kOk) REMOTE SNOW MEASURING DEVICE.

(b) Jointly with Soil Conservation Service, Forest

Service and U.S. Biireau of Reclamation.

(c) Jack N. Washiohek, Snow Survey Supervisor,

SCS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.

(d) Field investigation; operation and development. 21
(e) Six automatic pillow sensors are in operation

near Steamboat Springs. Two other pillows are

in operation at other locations. Different

types of pillows as well as transducers are heing investigated. The findings will dictate

future installations. A new type sensor \ising

the probe theory is also being investigated.

(g) Four of six sites failed last year due to pillow leaks or transducer failures. Some

problems were encountered in the telemetry

phase; however, most of these were mechanical

and readily repaired.

(h) "Progress Report of Steamboat Springs Project";

"Progress Report of Jemez Mountain, New

Mexico"; "Progress Report on Berthoud Pass

Pillow Site."

(514-07) WATERSHED EWVIROWMEMT AND MICROBIAL DYNAMICS.

(b) Public Health Service; Federal Water Pollution

Control Admin., U.S. Dept. of the Interior.

(c) S.M. Morrison, Prof, of Microbiology, Colo.

State Univ., Dept. of Microbiology.

(d) Experimental, basic research.

(e) A study of the effects of physical and biological environmental factors upon the microbial

dynamics of mountain water soTjrces with

emphasis upon improved laboratory and field

methods. To gain information on the subject

of surface water pollution by comprehensive

study of the physical, chemical, and biological factors which affect the growth, survival,

and distribution of bacterial organisms that

are potential enteric pathogens or that are potential indicators of water pollution. Study

area in field is the Cache La Poudre River at elevation 6OOO/9OOO ft. Laboratory studies

include refrigerator water-bath simulator of

the microbial environment.

(g) In the 1967 study attempting to correlate

physical, chemical, and microbiological factors

in high movmtain waters, accumulated data were statistically analyzed. Two separate mountain

watersheds were used in the stiody for purposes

of comparison. In both watersheds the previously reported high positive correlation

between numbers of urease-positive organisms and

ajnmonia nitrogen concentration was confirmed.

Mean urease-positive numbers were also found to

be highly correlated with densities of coliform,

enterococcus and especially fecal coliform

bacteria. These common index organisms and

urease-positive numbers appeared to be enhanced

by contact of the river waters with terrain

highly productive in organic matter. Ureasepositive ammonia nitrogen correlations were

sharply reduced in water which had been

impovmded in a storage reservoir. Enterococcus

numbers and total bacteria densities were found

to correlate with mean precipitation amoimts.

Mean turbidity of samples was found to be

highest at sites with the highest mean densities of index organisms, total bacteria and

unrease-positive bacteria. As previously

reported, turbidity and conductivity were inversely related due in part to \inchanged

organic matter in the water.

A laboratory study showed that glycollic acid

secreted by algae supports the growth of

bacteria grown in algae-bacteria cultures.

Studies on methods for the Isolation of

Clostridium from water by membrane filter were

completed.

(h) Morrison, S.M. and J.F. Fair, "Stream Environment and Microbial Dynamics." A monograph,

Colo. State Univ. Hydrology Series No. I3,

1-21, April 1966.

Morrison, S.M. and C.W. Hendricks, "Enteric

Bacteria in Very Dilute Media at 16, 10 and

5°C," Bacteriological Proc . , I966, 21-22.

Wendt, T.M. and S.M. Morrison, "Urease- Producing Bacteria in High Mountain Waters,"

Bacteriological Proc, 1967> P» ^T- Hendricks, Charles W. and S.M. Morrison,

"strain Alteration in Enteric Bacteria

Isolated from River Water," Canadian J. Microbiol. 13(3):271, March I967.

Fair, J.F. and S.M. Morrison, "Recovery of

Bacterial Pathogens from High Quality Surface

Water," Water Resources Research 3(3): 799-803,

1967.

Hendricks, Charles W. and S.M. Morrison,

"Multiplication and Growth of Selected Enteric

Bacteria in Clear Mountain Stream Water,"

Water Research, (in Press, I967).

(5^+13) IMPACT OF lAm USE ON WATER QUALITY WITHIN A

FORESTED MOUNTAIN WATERSHED.

(b) Exrperiment Station; Mclntire-Stennis.

(c) James R. Meiman.

(d) Field investigation; basic research and theses.

(e) The objectives of this study are to assess present water quality characteristics within

a forested mountain watershed at varying

natinral flow regimes under land use conditions

of limited development to non-use, and to measure the effects of multiple land use management —including road construction,

logging, recreational developments, and

grazing--on water q,uality.

(g) The assessment of present water q_uallty is

essentially completed. Road construction,

fire, and grazing plus irrigation impacts were

investigated during I967.

(h) Kimkle, S.H. and J.R. Meiman, "Water Quality

of Mountain Watersheds," Hydrology Paper

No. 21, Colo. State Univ., 53 pp., I967.

Meiman, J.R. and S.H. Kunkle, "Land Treatment

and Water Quality Control," Jour. Soil and

Water Conserv. 22(2): 67-7O, I967.

(5878) DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF

EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF AIMOSPHERIC WATER

RESOURCES PROGRAMS.

(b) Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Dept. Interior.

(c) Dr. H.J. Morel- Seytoux.

(d) Theoretical and applied research.

(e) The objectives of this research are: (l) to develop criteria for selecting moimtainous

drainage basins for general and experimental

weather modification procedures; (2) to

eval\aate the hydrologic characteristics of

river flows from basins selected for experimental weather modification purposes; and

(3) to develop mathematical and statistical

techniques for evaluating the attainments of

experimental weather modification programs.

(h) "Statistical Evaluation of Weather Modification

Attainments," Radmilo D. Markovlc, Colo. State

Univ. Hydrology Paper No. 16, i^l4 pp., Nov.

1966.

"AccTiracy of Discharge Determinations," W.T. Dickinson, Colo. State Univ. Hydrology Paper

No. 20, 3k pp., June I967.

"Prediction of Water Yield in High Mountain

Watersheds Based on Physiography, " R.W. Julian,

V. Yevjevich and H.J. Morel- Seytoux, Colo.

State Univ. Hydrology Paper No. 22, Aug. I967.

(5880) STUDY OF CHARGES IN WATER QUALITY IN A GROUND

WATER RESERVOIR.

22
t) Office of Water Resources Research,

c) D.K. Sunada, Asst. Prof., Colo. State Univ.

(d) Field investigation; theoretical and applied.

(e) A field study was conducted near Severance,

Colorado, to determine the extent and cause

of their groiuid water quality problem.

Development of research techniq.ues and experi - ence in groimd water quality investigations

was one of the principal goals.

(g) Ground water quality in the Severance area of

Colorado is influenced hy geology, fertilizer

practices, feedlot contamination, oil field

brine disposal and individual influences can

not be differentiated.

(h) "Ground Water Quality Study of Severance Basin,

Weld Country, Colorado," N.P. White and D.K. Sunada, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Colo. State

Univ., 29 pp., April 1966.

(5885) HYDRAUUC INVESTIGATION OF FLEXIBLE TUBES.

(b) Kalium Chemicals Limited.

(c) Mr. B.P. Edmonds, Kalium; and Dr. A.H. Barnes,

CSU.

(d) Experimental; development and applied

research.

(e) The purpose of this study is to develop a

nozzle of such a geometry that the hydrodynamic forces produced thereby will deploy

a flexible hose imder a free water-surface.

The study is (l) to determine the hydrodynamic

properties of various nozzle geometries; and

(2) to determine the hose diameter-discharge

relationships for a stable hose position.

(g) Nozzle geometries have been determined to produce predictable forces on the end of a

hose. Additional field tests are proposed

to be made.

(5886) DEVELOPMENT OP TELESCOPING TOEES FOR USE IN

SOLUTION MINING.

(b) Kalium Chemicals Limited.

(c) George L. Smith (CSU); B.P. Edmonds, Mining

Manager (Kalium Chemical Ltd.)

(d) Experimental, theoretical; applied research,

design; development.

(e) The purpose of this study is to design,

construct and test a telescoping tube with a

reactive head at the discharge outlet; the

telescoping tube to have an O.D. range from

3-l/^ to 1 in., and to be tested under various

conditions of discharge and buoyancy.

(f) Completed.

(g) Development of telescopic tubes and theoretical

curves for determining maximum length of the

nested tubes for given t/o - thickness/diameterand submergence conditions of fluids of different specific gravities. Maximum deflection of

the pipes for given lengths and fluid characteristics has been determined also.

(h) "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of

Telescopic Tubes in Simiilated Solution Mining,"

George L. Smith, Civil Engrg. Section, Colo.

State Univ., CER66GLS16, March I966.

(5887) STUDY OF THE HYDRAULICS OF FLOW THROUGH

SOLUTION CAVITIES.

(b) Kalium Chemicals Limited.

(c) Dr. E.P. Helvingston, Kalium; and Dr. A.H. Barnes, Colo. State Univ.

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) This is a basic observational study to (l)

determine the characteristic of the fluid

motion within a solution cavity; and (2) to identify those parameters relating geometry,

discharge rate and specific gravity of the

effluent brine from a solution cavity. Two

experimental facilities have been constructed

to observe the phenomena. Each represents an

18° cylindrical sector of an assumed solution

cavity, one approximately 8 inches high by

2k inches long and the larger 5 feet high by

approximately I5 feet long. The ultimate

purpose will be to better understand the

physical process of solution mining as it

applies to water-soluble salts,

(g) Preliminary quantitative studies have indicated

the general pattern of circulation as predicted.

Certain anomalies are attributed to the character of the salt blocks (livestock) used.

Natural rock salt blocks will be used to

observe whether or not the same phenomena

exist.

(5891) DIFFUSION OF ENTRAPPED GASES IN RESPONSE TO IHTERFACIAL ENERGY.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) A.T. Corey, Dept. of Agric. Engr., Colo.

State Univ.

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) A study of the process whereby a gas in

isolated pockets (surrounded by liquid)

diffuses from porous media under the influence

of interfacial energy. The purpose is to develop and to test equations describing the

rate of diffusion of entrapped gas from porous

media.

(g) Sufficient experimental data have been

accum\ilated to permit an insight into the

process whereby an entrapped gas disappears

from porous media. Curves have been

developed in terms of normalized length, time

and liqiiid saturation which enable one to estimate the time required for full liq\iid

saturation.

(h) A Colo. State Univ. Hydrology Paper is being

prepared and should be available by March,

1968.

(5892) FLOW INTO SUB-SOIL DRAINS.

(b) Colo. State Univ. Agric. Expmt, Sta. and

Agricult\jral Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agric

.

(c) A.T. Corey, Dept. of Agric. Engrg., Colo. State

Univ. and H.R. Duke, AES, USDA.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; applied research

and development.

(e) Techniques for modeling systems involving

drainage from soils are being developed. These

techniques are being used to evaliiate present

criteria for the design of subsoil drains.

The piarpose is to develop improved design

criteria and, in particular, to develop

criteria which will take into account flow in

the partially saturated region above the

water table.

(g) A theory of similitude for flow in partially

saturated media, (and applicable to drainage

from soils) was developed. The criteria of

similitude resulting from this theory were tested experimentally and foimd to be valid.

The theory is now being used to determine

design criteria for drains.

(h) "Properties of Porous Media Affecting Fluid

Flow," R.H. Brooks and A.T. Corey, Jour. Irrig.

and Drainage Div.,Proc. ASCE, Vol. 92, No. IR2,

June 1966, pp. 61-88.

"Similitude for Drainage of Soils," G.L. Corey

and A.T. Corey, Jour. Irrig. and Drainage Div., Proc. ASCE, Vol. 93, No. IR3, Sept. I967. pp. 3-23.

23
"Hydraulic Properties of Disturbed and UndisSoils," G.E. Laliberte and A.T. Corey, Amer.

Soc. of Testing and Materials, Special Technical Publ. No. U17, 1967,, pp. 56-Tl-

"Similitude for Non-Steady Drainage of

Partially Saturated Soils," G.L. Corey, A.T.

Corey, and R.H. Brooks, Colo. State Univ.

Hydrology Paper No. 9, Aug. 1965.

"Properties of Unsaturated Porous Media,

G.E. Laliberte, A.T. Corey and R.H. Brooks,

Colo. State Univ. Hydrology Paper No. I7, Nov. 1966.

{620k) lAMINAR AMD TUKBULENT FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA.

(bj National Science Foimdation.

(c) Daniel K. Sunada, Asst. Prof.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) This investigation is conducted to study the

influences of the physical properties of the

fl\iid and porous mediinn on the flow behavior

of fliiid flowing through porous media.

Theoretical and experimental analyses of both

compressible and incompressible fluids are being made for flow through consolidated and

unconsolidated poroixs media.

(f) Active until December I968.

(g) An equation representing the non- linear

relationship between hydraulic gradient and

flow velocities was developed from the NavierStokes equation. Two dimensionless parameters were developed from the flow equation and an

unique relationship was shown to exist between

them.

(h) "Physical Properties of Porous Medium Affecting

Laminar and Turbulent Flow of Water," N. Ahmed,

Ph.D. Thesis, Colo. State Univ., June I967.

(6206) FLOOD PROTECTION OF BRIDGES AND CULVERTS.

(b)' Wyoming State Highway Department,

(o) Dr. D.B. Simons, Assoc. Dean for Research,

Colo. State Univ.

(d) The project is primarily experimental with

recourse to basic hydraulic principles whenever possible. Prototype verification is

carried out for most phases of research. The

work is primarily applied research. Information obtained will be used for both M.S.

thesis and Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The purpose of this resestrch is to develop

design criteria and to establish the physical

requirements of materials necessary to control

erosion downstream of highway culverts,

contracted bridge sections and other hydraulic

structures. The principal areas under st'udy are:

1. The dissipation rate of energy and velocity

distribution downstream of culvert outlets

in concrete lined and rip-rapped basins;

2. Prediction of water surface profiles of a free jet discharging from a closed conduit

(both circular and rectangular) onto a large horizontal surface;

3. The effect of artificial roughness elements

on the rate of energy decay in basins;

h. The magnitude of scour in energy dissipating basins with the floor made vcg of

materials of known gradation;

5. Protective material for bridge abutments

and optimijm channel training in the

vicinity of contractions;

6. Substitute protective materials for regions

where conventional rip rap is not economical.

(f) 1. (above) Work nearly complete, Interim

Report 1 in preliminary stage.

2. (above) Experimental work 70^ conrplete,

analytic work 90^ coinplete, one M.S. thesis

in preliminary stage;

3. (above J Experimental work 505^ completed;

k. (above) Experimental work Qofo complete,

one M'S. thesis in preliminary stage;

5. (above) Not started;

6. (above) Not started;

(h) Interim Report 1 - preliminary stage; Interim

Report 2 - preliminary stage.

(6i+78)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

( 6^79)

CIAY CREEK MODEL STUDY.

State of Colo. Game, Fish and Parks Commission.

M.M. Skinner, Asst. Prof. Engrg. Research Ctr.,

Colorado State Univ.

Experimental; applied.

A 1:36 scale, undistorted, hydraulic model of

the Clay Creek Dam and vicinity near Lamar,

Colorado was constructed and tested at the

Outdoor Modeling Facility. Approximately

2.6 acres were utilized. Terrain was stabilized with prime coat asphalt. The

piirpose was to reestablish the flow conditions

that existed during the June I965 Flood in the area and to investigate what flow conditions

would have existed during the June I965 Flood

in the area had no dam been constructed.

Completed.

A 16-ram movie was prepared to document the

testing and construction and to illustrate the

flow pattern for various model configurations.

"Hydraulic Model Study of the Clay Creek Dam

near Lamar, Colorado," M.M. Skinner.

TESTING OF A 12-INCH STEEL, TWO-STAGE, DEEPWELL, TURBINE PUMP-

(b^ Bechtel Corporation.

(c) M.M. Skinner; see (6^78) above.

(d) Experimental; appliea.

(e) The purpose of the study was to establish

head-capacity, efficiency, and horsepower

curves for the pump with certain Impeller

types and sump configurations.

(f) Completed.

(g) Maximum approach velocities in the relatively

small sump arrangement were about l/2 foot

per second. The water surface was qxiite stable

and no visible vortex formation existed.

(h) "Results of the Testing of a 12-Inch Stainless

Steel, Two-Stage, Deep-Well, Turbine Pump,"

J.F. Ruff and M.M. Skinner.

{6k80) TESTING OF A 12"-BUTTERFLY VALVE AND A 12"

BALL VALVE.

(b) Santa Clara County Flood Control and Water

District.

(c) M.M. Skinner; see (6i4-78) above.

(d) Experimental; applied.

(e) Cavitation characteristics were investigated

for both a 12"-Ball Valve and a 12"-Butterfly

Valve with an abrupt enlargement downstream.

Air and water injections were used in an

effort to extend the operating range of each

valve for non-cavitating conditions.

(f) Completed.

(g) Air injection proved quite effective in

reducing cavitating at certain valve openings.

(h) "Results of the Testing of a 12-inch Ball

Valve and a 12-inch Butterfly Valve with an Abrupt Enlargement Section," M.M. Skinner

and J. P. Tunis.

(002W) CHANGES IN THE PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND WATER RESERVOIRS

AND ADJACENT SURFACE WATERS (Formerly No. 589O)

.
For suramary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 5.O23I.

(OO3W) MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SMALL WATERSHED FLOODS.

(b) Colorado State Univ. Experiment Station.

(c) Dr. V. Yevjevich, Prof, of Civil Engrg. and

Dr. M.E. Holland, Asst. Prof, of Civil Engrg.

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog.

UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, Dept. of Civil Engineering , Boulder, Colorado 60302.

(004W) ENGINEERING-HYDROLOGIC AHALYSIS OF WATER

RIGHTS. (Formerly No. 5703).

(c) J.E. Flack.

For sxamnaxy, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 6.007i4-.

(OO5W) ANALYSIS OF TOTAL WATER USE BY SELECTED CITIES

AKD INDUSTRY. (Formerly No. 510h)

.

(c) J.E. Flack.

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 6. 0075.

(006W) REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTS ON THE EAST SLOPE OF THE raONT RANGE, COLORADO. (Formerly No. 5702).

(c) J.W. Marr. For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, 2.OI83.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Civil Engrg. and Engrg.

Mechanics , New York, N.Y. IOO27.

(GO^k) VISCOUS FLOW IN A CYLINDRICAL TUBE CONTAINING

A LINE OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES.

(h) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Prof. Richard Skalak, Dept. of Civil Engrg.

and Engrg. Mech., Columhia University.

(d) Theoretical; "basic research; doctoral thesis.

(e) Viscous flow in a circular cylindrical tube

containing an infinite line of spherical

particles eq^ually spaced along the axis of a cylindrical tube is considered neglecting

inertial terms, as a model of blood flow in

capillary blood vessels.

(g) The results show that the drag and pressure

drop for a given size of sphere decrease as the

spacing between spheres Inci'eases and for

spacings more than one tube diameter, there is

little interaction between spheres.

(h) "Viscous Flow in a Cylindrical Tube Containing

a Line of Spherical Particles," H. Wang and

R. Skalak, ONR Pro j . RR 062-393, Tech. Rep.

No. 1, July 1967.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, LAMONT GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY

See lAMONT

UNIVERSITY OF CONIIECTICUT. School of Engineering , Storrs, Connecticut 06268

25

(5^89) BOUND-ROCK EROSION PROTECTION FOR HIGHWAY

DRAINAGE DITCHES.

(b) Institute of Water Resources; and State

Highway Dept.

(c) Prof. C.J. Posey, Box U-37, Univ. of Conn.

(d) Experimental; applied.

(e) Develop application of scientific erosionprotection method to highway ditches

.

Experiments will provide necessary design data

and develop construction methods for low-cost

installations

.

(f) Trial installation on route 1-91 under

observation.

(5492) DISCHARGE FROM CIRCUMFERENTIAL WEIRS.

(b) Department of Civil Engrg.

(c) Prof. C.J. Posey; see (5W9) above.

(d) Experimental; master's thesis.

(e) Head measurements and nappe measurements for

water flowing out of vertical pipes and

spilling out over their horizontal peripheries.

(f) Completed.

(g) M.S. Theses available on loan from Wilbiir Cross

Library, Univ. of Conn., "Discharge Over a Circumferential Weir, "Chao Song Shu, I965,

and "Flow Over a Circular Weir," Joseph

Cliver Elmer, 1967.

(5737) REDUCTION OF RIVER HEAT POLLUTION BY TURBULENCE

STIMULATION.

(b) Institute of Water Resources.

(c) Prof. V.E. Scottron, Civil Engrg. Dept., Univ.

of Conn.

(d) Experimental; applied research for master's

and doctoral theses

.

(e) The objective of this work is to break up

stratification of heated river flows by

generation of heavy turbulence. The laboratory

program will investigate a variety of turbulence

generating devices, including systematic

ro-ughness, in low- speed air flows.

(5738) STUDY OF DISTURBANCE ON THE FREE SURFACE OF

ROTATING FLUIDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. J.D. Lin, Civil Engrg. Dept., Box U-37,

Univ. of Conn.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for both master's and doctoral theses.

(e) A theoretical and experimental study of the

scattering of the disturbance generated on the

free surface of rotating fluids. A rotating

tank of 5' in diameter and 3' in depth is

used for the experiments.

(5739) A STUDY OF VISCOUS FLOW PAST A SHIP.

(b) David Taylor Model Basin, Navy Department.

(c) Dr. J.D. Lin; see (5738) above.

(d) Theoretical, basic; and doctoral thesis.

(e) Calculation of potential flow over the h\ill of

a ship generated by singularity distribution.

Calculation of the boundary layer along the

streamlines on the hull. Investigation of the

wake and wave resistance of the hull form.

(g) Only intermediate results available.

(h) "A study of Viscous Flow Past a Ship-like

Body," J.D. Lin and R.S. Hall, Jr., Univ. of

Conn., Civil Engrg. Rep. No. CE 66-7, I966.

"A Method of Calculation for the Local Disturbance Integral Due to Sources Under Linearized

Free Surface," J.D. Lin and H.D. Liang, Univ.

of Conn., Civil Engrg. Rep. No. CE 67-17, 1967-

(5769) FILTER EROSION PROTECTION.

(b) Water Reso\irces Institute.
(c) Prof. C.J. Posey, Box U-37, Univ. of Conn.

(d) Basic research; experimental.

(e) To determine whether finest -grained non- cohesive and/or cohesive materials can "be protected by Terzaghi-Vicksburg inverted

filter.

(6376) STUDY OP AN OPEN-CHAIWIEL SURFACE-FIIM PHEWOMENON.

t) Laboratory project,

c) Prof. C.J. Posey; see (5769) above.

(d) Experimental; doctoral thesis.

(e) When stationary film forms upstream from an object obstructing the free surface of an

open channel, does it cause boundary-layerlike velocity deficit?

COMRA.C CORPORATIOM, Fluidics , Fairfield, N.J. O7OO6

Correspondence on all projects may be addressed to:

Tar. Estaban Martinez, Manager, Fluidics, Conrac Corp.,

New Jersey Div., Sherwood lane, Fairfield, N.J. O7OO6.

(6267) THE MECHANISM OF MA.SS ENTRAINMENT BY A JET IN

THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE EXIT.

(bj Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

(d) Experimental; conceptual.

(e) A study of the stability of the boundary of a submerged incompressible jet and its effect

on the entrainment of the surrounding fluid.

Entrainment by the discrete vortices is

evaluated and vortex roll-up rates are measured.

(f) Completedo

(g) From the theory of stability of the vortex

sheet and the rate of growth of the discrete

vortices, a simplified parabolic theory for

the entrainment has been derived.

(h) "On Mass Entrainment By Jets - Phase I Preliminary Investigations," E. Martinez, AFOSR 66-

06i4-3, June 1966.

(6268) THE EFFECT OF DISTURBANCES OF A JET BOUNDARY

ON ITS ENTRAINMENT PROPERTIES.

(b) Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

(d) Experimental.

(e) A study of the effect of sinousoidal disturbances on the entrainment and spreading of a submerged incompressible jet. Mass entrainment was measured directly in the bubble

created by a reattaching jet in a rearward

facing step, for various frequencies and

amplitudes of the disturbances.

(f) Completed.

(g) Substantial augmentation of the entrainment

rate of a jet can be accomplished by lowpower stimulation of its boundaries at certain

critical frequencies that are a function of the

Reynolds nxmjber.

(h) "On Mass Entrainment By Jets - Phase II The

Effect of Sound on Jets," E. ^fe,rtinez, AFOSR

67-0337, Jan. 1967.

(6269) THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY PROFILE ON THE FLOW IN

A STRAIGHT CHANNEL WITH SECONDARY-FLOW

INJECTION.

b) Air Force Office of Scientific Research,

d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) A simplified, two-parameter description of the

velocity profile in the channel is used to

predict the distribution of momentum downstream

of injection of a secondary flow perpendicular

to the main flow.

(f) Completed.

(h) "The Effects of Velocity Profile on the Flow

in a Straight Channel with Injection, " W. Selden Saunders, AFOSR 66-O887, Feb. I967.

(6270) THE MOMENTUM EQUATION OF A SOLID-FLUID SYSTEM.

(b) Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) A derivation of the momentum equation for a solid-fluid mixture from first principles, to account for the varying "effectiveness" of the

momentum transfer from the solid to the fluid

phase as a function of slip Reynolds number,

loading ratio, etc.

(f) Completed.

(g) The application of the momentum equation to a stagnating flow such as a close-ended pipe,

shows that a distribution of pressure in excess

of the dynamic value exists, due to the

presence of solids in the fluid.

(h) "The Momentum Equation of a Solid-Fluid

System," E. Martinez, AFOSR 67-O657, Mar. I967.

(6271) OSCIUATING JETS.

(b) Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A study of the mass entrainment and rates of

spreading of a submerged oscillating incompressible jet as a fimction of the frequency

and amplitude of the oscillation.

(6272) MINIMIZING PRESSURE LOSSES IN DUCTS AND

CHANNELS WITH PERIODICALLY VARYING CROSSSECTION.

(b) Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

(d) Experimental; conceptual.

(e) To determine the mechanism behind the pressure

drop in ducts and channels with re-entrant

walls and lateral cavities . The influence

of the aspect ratio of the cavities on the

pressure losses is examined,

(g) The stability of the vortex patterns in the

cavities appears to have a strong effect on the overall pressure drop. Vortex patterns

are not stable and pressure drops are at a minimum when cavity aspect ratio approach

\mity.

(6273) SELF-EJECTING BOUNDARY LAYER FLOWS.

(b) Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) A study of internal flows of incompressible

fluids with permeable boundaries. The case of

a constant cross section pipe with walls of

uniform permeability is analyzed and results

are compared with experimental data.

i627k) THE CONTROL OF LARGE-SCALE FLOWS WITH SECONDARY

FLOWS.

(bj Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The following applications are Investigated:

(1) temporary increase in dam or reservoir

capacity (2) wave suppression (3) mass

transport in a driven vortex in a large body

of water {k) portable drydock.

CORNELL AERONAUTICAL LABORATORY, INC. OF CORNELL

UNIVERSITY , P.O. Box 235, Buffalo, N.Y. 15521

(5363) UNSTEADY FORCES AND MOMENTS ON A TWODIMENSIONAL FULLY CAVITATED HYDROFOIL.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr., and

26
Off. of Naval Research, Dept. of the Wavy.

(c) Dr. Irving C. Statler, Head, Appl. Mechanics

Dept., Cornell Aeronautical Lab., Inc.

(d) Applied research; theoretical.

(e) The purpose of the project is to determine the

steady and unsteady forces and moments on a fully cavitated hydrofoil operating near a free surface. The approach heing taken is

based on a linearized flow model of a fvilly

cavitating flat plate which is in steady or harmonic motion near a free surface. Full

account is taken of the gravity waves generated by the motion of the foil and cavity and

cavitation numbers greater than or equal to zero are considered.

(h) "A Note on the Problem of an Oscillating

Supercavitated Hydrofoil Near a Free Surface,"

J.M. Grace and I.C. Statler. Cornell Aero.

Lab. Kept. Wo. BB-1935-S-1, October 1965.

"A Theoretical Study of the Force and Moment

on an Oscillating Supercavitated Hydrofoil

Near a Free Surface," C. Tung and I.C. Statler.

Cornell Aero. Lab. Rept. No. BB-2395-S-1 (in

preparation)

.

(6177) WATER RESOURCES STUDY: A BEWEFIT COST INVENTORY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Hans G. Reif, Research Economist, Operations Research Dept., Cornell Aero. Lab., Inc.

(d) Theoretical; operations research.

(e) The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual methodology leading to the selection of a set of treatments and actions for

providing 'good water' at the least cost to users located along a water resource. A

condidate set of treatments and actions is

defined as one that eliminates interference

between successive water users and satisfies

the designated water resource standard. Water

treatment by the users was based on specified

water resource quality requirements at the user locations rather than a uniform code or regulations applicable to all users and along

the entire resource. Water quality standards

served to define the overall quality of the

water resource to be maintained which includes

the quality of the water at the terminus or outflow of the water resource region. Thus,

the treatment required by lasers was a function of water use; waste discharge; the

location along the water resoiirce; the location, water requirements and waste discharges

of other present and anticipated future water

users; the current status and assimilative

capacity of the water resoiirce; and the

established quality standards.

(f) Completed.

(g) A methodological approach for the selection

of treatments and actions for providing 'good water' to users along a water resource.

(h) "An Economic Approach to Water Quality Management," H. Reif, Final Rept. RM-2314-2-0-Z,

Cornell Aero. Lab., August I967.

(6178) A LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF

WAVES ON THE EVAPORATION FROM A FREE WATER

SURFACE.

(b) Bureau of Reclamation, Dept. of the Interior.

(c) Mr. Calvin Easterbrook, Principal Physicist,

Appl. Physics Dept., Cornell Aeronautical

Lab., Inc.

(d) Applied research; experimental, laboratory

and field.

(e) This study has been directed towards evaluating the effects of waves on a water surface

on the evaporation rate from that surface.

The work began as a laboratory study, wherein measurements were made using a large wave- tank and wind-tunnel combination. The apparat\is was designed so that both wind speed and

wave parameters could be controlled. Waves

were generated in the tank by a hydraulically

driven paddle, thus permitting simulation of

conditions associated with larger bodies of

water (fetches up to a mile or more). The

project was extended to incliide field studies

at Lake Hefner in Oklahoma. Here wind, wave and evaporation data have been acquired which

will permit computation of parameters comparable to those measured in the laboratory work.

(g) Results of the laboratory experiments show

that evaporation rates are reduced under

certain combinations of waves and wind speed.

Preliminary analysis of the field data tend to support the laboratory findings. The

influence of waves on evaporation rate appears

to be caused by modification of the air flow

over the water sxirface in a manner which

reduces the vertical transport of water vapor

in the boundary layer.

(h) Final report to be available in Feb. I968.

(6179) DEEP SUBMERGENCE RESCUE VEHICLE STUDIES.

(b) Naval Ship Systems Command, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Mr. T. Haselton, Staff Engr., Applied Mechanics

Dept., Cornell Aeronairtical Lab., Inc.

(d) Applied research; experimental.

(e) The purpose of this project is to continue

the investigation of the performance

characteristics of tandem propellers in

developing roll control, to verify the theory

that increases in vehicle velocity in any

direction orthogonal to the propeller axis cause an increase in control force to power

ratio, and to investigate the "anti-mud" mode

of operation in near silt-bottom hovering

operations of underwater vehicles.

(g) A final report of our findings is in preparation.

27

CORNELL UmVERSITY, School of Civil Engineering , Ithaca, New York, UbJO

(ij-531) SECONDARY CURRENTS IN NON-CIRCUIAR CONDUITS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. J.A. Liggett, Hollister Hall, Cornell Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) Those secondary currents caused by Reynold's

stresses in straight, non-circular conduits

are being studied. A triangula.r open channel

is being used. Measurements are to be taken

by the hot-film anemometer.

(g) A quantitative theory has been developed and

is being tested

.

(h) "Secondary Currents in a Corner," J.A. Liggett,

C.L. Chiu, and L.S. Miao, Jo\ir. Hyd. Div.,

ASCE, Vol. 91, No. HY6, Nov. 1965, p. 99.

"Flow in a Sharp Corner," R.J. Matthews and

J.A. Liggett, Jour. Hyd. Div., ASCE, Vol. 93, Nov. 1967.

(5302) SETTLING VELOCITIES OF SUSPENDED SOUDS IN A

TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT.

(b) U.S. Public Health Service.

(c) Dr. J.A. Liggett, Hollister Hall, Cornell Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and.

applied research.
(e) The research concerns the effect of turbulence

on suspended solids and the rate of settlement

of suspended solids.

(5303) RECESSION HYDROGRAPHS OF inEALIZED UNCOMFINED

AQUIKERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. W.H. Brutsaert, Hollister Hall, Cornell

Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) A Hele-Shaw model has been constructed to study

the different parameters affecting drainage

from large unconfined geological formations

into stream channels. The obtained ground

water recession hydrographs are compared with

those derived from previous theoretical, but

approximate, solutions. New theoretical

analyses are being developed.

(h) "Inflow Hydrographs from Large Unconfined

Aquifers," H.A. Ibrahim and Wllfried Brutsaert,

Jour. Irrig. and Drainage Div., ASCE, Vol. 91,

IR2, J\me I965, p. 21.

"On the First and Second Linearization of the

Boussinesq Equation," Wllfried Brutsaert and

H.A. Ibrahim, Geophys. Jour. Roy. Astr. See,

Vol. 11, 5l^9-55l^, 1966,

(5305) THE PHYSICAL PHENOMENA INVOLVED IN VM EVAPORATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. W.H. Brutsaert; see (5303) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) Evaporation is being measured from a nvmber of

ins\ilated shallow pans of different sizes and

colors. These experimental results and

simultaneoxis cllmatological data will be \ised

to check and extend some theoretical models of

the hydrodynamics —and also of the energy

budget aspects of pan evaporation and

evaporation in general.

(h) "Some Mass Transfer Aspects of Pan Evaporation,

Wllfried Brutsaert and S.L. Yu, Trans. A.G.U.,

Vol. hQ, 96, 1967.

"Evaporation from Very Shallow Pans," S.L. Yu

and W. Brutsaert, Joixr. Appl. Meteor, Vol. 6,

265-271, 1967.

"A Model for Evaporation as a Moleciilar

Diffusion Process into a Turbulent Atmosphere,"

W. Brutsaert, Jour Geophys. Res., Vol. 70,

5017-50214-, 1965.

"Evaporation from a Very Small Water Surface

at Ground Level; Three-dimensional Turbulent

Diffusion without Convection," W. Brutsaert,

Jo\ir. Geophys. Res., Vol. 72, 5631-5639, I967.

(5306) THE HYDRAULICS OF POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. W.H. Brutsaert; see (5303) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) An analysis is being made of moisture

characteristic curves of porous media to

describe the pore size distribution by mathematical equations. These distributions are used to calculate hydraulic properties of the

media.

(h) "Probability Laws for Pore Size Distribution,"

W. Brutsaert, Soil Sci., Vol. 101, 85-92, I966.

"Some Methods for Calculating Unsatiurated

Permeability," W. Brutsaert, Trans. ASAE,

Vol. 10, ^^00-l^0l^, 1967.

"The Permeability of a Poroiis Med\iim Determined

from Certain Probability Laws for Pore Size

Distribution," W. Brutsaert, Water Resour.

Res., Vol. k, 1968.

(5307) MECHAinCS OF INFILTRATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. W.H. Brutsaert; see (5303) above,

(dj Theoretical.

(e) The micro hydrological equations of unsaturated

flow In porous media are being investigated

and solved for different boundary conditions.

The results of the mathematical analysis are extended to develop infiltration equations for

larger areas or for an entire watershed.

(h) "The Recovery of Infiltration Capacity After

Drainage," H.A. Ibrahim and W. Brutsaert, Proc.

Inter. Hydrol. Symp., Fort Collins, Colo.

Sept. 1967, Vol. 1, pp. 227-23!+, 1967.

"Intermittent Infiltration into Soils with

Hysteresis," H.A. Ibrahim and W. Brutsaert,

Proc. ASCE, Jour. Hyd. Div., Vol. 93, HYl, I968.

(587I+) MATHEMATICAL FLOW ANALYSIS.

(b) U.S. Dept. of the Interior,

(c) Dr. J.A. Liggett, Hollister Hall, Cornell Univ.

(d) Theoretical.

(e) The eqviations of continuity and momentum are being solved on a digital computer in order to analyze imsteady flow over surfaces and in

channels.

(h) "Difference Solutions of the Shallow-Water

Equation," J.S. Liggett and D.A. Woolhlser,

Jour. Engrg. Mech.Dlv., ASCE, EM2, April I967.

"Unsteady, One-Dimensional Flow over a Plane

the Rising Hydrograph," D.C. Woolhlser and

J.A. Liggett, Water Resources Res., Vol. 3,1967.

"The Use of the Shallow Water Equations in

Runoff Computations," J.S. Liggett and D.A. Woolhlser, Proc. Third Amer. Water Resources

Conf., San Francisco, Nov. 1967.

UmVERSITY OF DEIAWARE, Dept. of Civil Engineering,

Newark, Delaware 19711

(6367) HYDRODYNAjyUC MASSES ASSOCIATED WITH FLOATING

AND SUBMERGED BODIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) W.S. Galther, Assoc. Prof, of Civil Engrg.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) The purpose of these studies is to understand

the mechanics of fluid motion which brings

about the formation of a hydrodynamic mass associated with floating and submerged bodies

with particular reference to ship hulls.-

(6368) FLOW OF A ROTATING FLUID OVER IRREGULAR SURFACE

TOPOGRAPHIES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Don L. Boyer, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engrg.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) The flow of a homogeneous incompressible fluid

past obstacles located on the upper and lower

of two "infinite" parallel planes in a rotating frame of reference is examined; the

axis of rotation is perpendicular to the planes.

(g) A study of the flow past a right circular

cylinder, the axis of the cylinder being

perpendicular to the plane surfaces, has been

completed. The resulting flow phenomena are significantly different than those observed

in non-rotating systems.

(6369) AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLE STUDIES,

(b) Office of Naval Research; U.S. Navy and

Marine Corps, Quantico, Va.

(c) Dr. Kurt P.H. Frey, Prof. Emeritus and

28
Investigator, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ. of

Delaware

.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To study the feasihility of increasing the

speed of LVTP-J anrphiblous vehicles by fluid

dynamic analysis and development, flume and

tow tank studies were done. The flume studies

with a 2 ft. long model without moving track

concerned stability limits and drag as well as wave and detached flow st-udies. They were

done for bollard test-like arrangements as a function of the Froude number for two water

lines: the normal combat load water line and

a lower ] ine derived from tow tank tests when

the upper track was ventilated after a certain

track channel was provided.

(g) The flvnne tests showed that guide vanes at the

bow section are most effective when extended

(like fins normal to the hull) thro\;igh the

region of low static press\ares, and inclined

to produce upward lift for the compensation of

downward lift exerted on the model. Guide

vanes, a low freeboard, or the lowered water

line can be favorable to avoid flooding and

sinking of the model at increased speed. The

tow tank studies without ventilated upper

track demonstrated by dye tests that the propulsion res\ilts from flow between adjacent vanes from the inner track region to the outer track region and as the difference of propulsion produced by the lower and the upper

track. With ventilated upper track, the

upper region may be best compared with a

captured air bubble space. The upper track

leaves the water at the bow section, runs through air, and re-enters the water at the bow

section. Bubbles are produced when the vanes move into the air and into the water, when the

air escapes the captured air bubble space, and

to some extent at the interphase air-water.

(h) The first movie could be presented concerning

the propulsion studies at the I966 ASME Fluid

Engrg. Conf., Chicago, 111.

(6370) STUDIES ON SWITCHING PHEMOMENA. OF BISTA.BEE FLUIDS AND THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE WAVES ON

DETACHED FLOW DURING STARTING PHENOMENA.

(b) U.S. Army, Harry Diamond Lab.

(c) Dr. K.P.H. Frey; see (6369 above).

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) Ball valves were installed in addition to regular valves and the length of effective

overflow reduced to match the reduced need of

make-up water by reducing the model width of

the 5.5 feet wide flume to 1 inch. The depth

of water was varied from 8 to 0.5 inches.

The delay of the effects of switching due to the design of boundaries required some phenomena studies in the fliime. Interpretations of the hydrodynamic analogy reqmred

some additional phenomena studies, particiilarily with simplified models. Various sudden

enlargements were used to stT;idy the effect of

pressure waves on detached flow during starting phenomena. Finally, a flumitive oscillator of the type of bistable amplifiers with

feed back system was used to study the flow,

interactions and oscillations, and the recording. The recording techniq.ues became most

critical in these studies.

(g) The study of switching phenomena shown in a movie using differently colored power jets and

control jets revealed large differences of

effectiveness of switching vs . time as a

fmction of designs, and the time dependent

progress of phenomena. The feed back

oscillator studies revealed oscillations not

recorded in literature. They are related to the formation of von Karman vortex trails.

The recording of interactions of pressure

waves and detached flow phenomena needs

improvements which seem to require other

methods. For example, the hydrogen bubble

method for flow visualization seems to yeild

qmntitative results at locations which are important but not accessible otherwise. In

addition, make-up water is not needed,

(h) The movie on switching phenomena was shown at the 1965 ASME Fluid Engrg. Conf., Denver,

Colorado. Other results from (c).

(6371) STUDIES ON MECHANICS OF FLUID FLOW.

(b) Office of Naval Research; Harry Diamond Lab.

(Army); Defense Dept. (joint School of Engrg.

project "Themis").

(c) Dr. K.P.H. Frey; see (6369) above.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) The hydrogen bubble method was applied in

continuation of work reported in I966

(Misc. Publ. 280, page 27). Stroboscopic

lighting was used for photographic recording

of the phenomena.

(g) For Reynolds numbers of 1000 to more than

16,000 and a velocity range from 0.5 to more than 8 in. /sec, laminar, turbulent and

transitional flows could be well presented.

P\ilsed electrolysis was preferred for which,

without a special (kinked) wire, streamlinelike bubble arrangements could be presented. In addition, their spacing was irregular.

However, this was not of concern. Quantitative

data obtained revealed in what respect theory

needs more realistic assumptions.

(h) "Flume Studies Substantiating Detailed, TimeDependent Phenomena of Detached Flow,

accepted for the May I968 ASME Symp. on Unsteady Flow.

(007W) THE GROUND WATER FLOW SYSTEM IN THE DELMARVA

PENINSULA.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research, Dept. of

the Interior.

(c) Prof. R.D. Varrin, Dir., Water ResoTorces Ctr.,

and Prof. J.R. lather, Chmn. , Dept. of

Geology.

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog.

DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT CO., Aerodynamics Research Group , 3b55 Lakewood Blvd., Long Beach, Calif. 90801

(651+6) STABILITY OF WATER BOUNDARY LAYER ON A HEATED

SURFACE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. T.T. Okamura, Aerodynamics Research Groirp,

Douglas Aircraft Co.

(d) Theoretical.

(e) A form of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation,

modified to include effects of variable

viscosity was solved for velocity profiles of

water on a heated flat plate. Neutral

stability curves were obtained for various

surface temperature to free-stream temperature

ratios.

(f) Suspended.

29
(g) It is shown that heating increases the stability of the flow up to a point and then there

is a reversal. That is, for a fixed free

stream temperatiire the critical Reynolds

number increases with surface temperatiire to

a maximum and then decreases.

(h) "The Stability of Water Plow Over Heated and

Cooled Flat Plates," A.R. Wazzan, A.M.O.

Smith, and T.T. Okamura. Presented at Ninth

ASME-AICHE Natl. Heat Transfer Conf., Seattle,

Wash., Aug. 6-9, 1967.

{63k7) NONLINEAR INTERACTION OF TWO UFIING BODIES

IN ARBITRARY UNSTEADY MOTION.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Dev. Center.

(c) Mr. J. P. Giesing, Aerodynamics Research Group,

Douglas Aircraft Co.

(d) Basic research; theoretical.

(e) A method is developed for the exact calculation

of the two-dimensional potential flow about

two bodies, either or both of which are lifting, in nonlinear \msteady flight. No

restrictions are placed on either the body

shapes or their motions. Pressures, forces,

moments and vortex-wake shapes are determined

by applying a s\irface singularity method step

by step in time.

(f) Completed.

(g) A computer program has been written and checked out. Example cases have been executed

which include: a rotor passing a stator, an

airfoil with a flap in large amplitude

rotational motion, airfoils passing in opposite

directions, airfoils in unsteady motion in

ground effect.

(h) A Douglas report has been issued: DAC Report

No. 33552, March 15, 196?, "Unsteady Two- Dimensional Potential Flow for Two Bodies with

Lift," to be presented at I968 ASME Unsteady

Flow Symp. and published in the transactions.

(65i^8) CALCUIATION OF POTENTIAL FLOW ABOUT ARBITRARY

CONFIGURATIONS.

(b) Laboratory project; and Naval Ship Research

and Development Center.

(c) John L. Hess, Aerodynamics Research Group,

Do\jglas Aircraft Co.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Develop methods for calculating incompressible

flow with no geometrical restrictions on the

flow boundaries. Method utilized a source density distribution on the surface of the

body about which flow is to be computed and

obtains this distribution as the solution of an Integral eq.uation. Separate routines

exist for different tjrpes of geometry—two- dimensional, axisyrametric, and three-dimensional, and for different flow conditions.

(h) "Calculation of Potential Flow about Arbitrary

Bodies," John L. Hess and A.M.O. Smith, Progress in Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 8,

Pergammon Press, Oxford and New York, I966.

138 pages. Also available as Douglas Engrg.

Paper No. 3327 from (c) above.

(65lf9) WATER BOUNDARY LAYER OVER A HEATED PLATE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Kalle Kaups, Aerodynamics Research Group,

Douglas Aircraft Co.

(d) Theoretical investigation.

(e) Numerical solutions to the laminar boundary

layer eq\3ations for the flow of water over heated axi-syrametric and two-dimensional

surfaces were obtained. The effects of heat

transfer on velocity and temperature profiles.

skin friction and displacement thickness were determined for various surface temperature to free-stream temperature ratios.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Correlations of skin friction and heat transfer

coefficients as a function of temperature

ratios were obtained. Results indicated heating produced a fuller velocity profile.

(h) "The Laminar Boundary Layer in Water with

Variable Properties," K. Kaups and A.M.O.

Smith, presented at the Ninth ASME-AICHE

Natl. Heat Transfer Conf., Seattle, Washington,

Aug. 6-9, 1967.

(6550) INCOMPRESSIBLE TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER STUDY.

(b) BuWeps and laboratory project, jointly.

(c) Dr. Tuncer Cebeci, Aerodynamics Research Group,

Douglas Aircraft Co.

(d) Theoretical research.

(e) The project consists of investigating a method

for solving the flow eq^uations governing an

incompressible turbulent boundary layer for

two-dimensional or axi-syrametric flows. An

eddy viscosity is employed to eliminate the

Reynolds shear stress. The object of the work

is the development of a method for predicting

skin friction, displacement effects and

separation in a turbulent boundary layer.

(g) A rapid numerical method for solving the

equations using an Implicit finite difference

method has been devised. Results are in good

agreement with experiment except in the

immediate vicinity of separation.

(h) "Study of a General Method of Solution of the

Incompressible Turbulent Boundary Layer

Equations," A.M.O. Smith, N.A. Jaffe, and R.C.

Lind, Doiiglas Aircraft Co. Rept. No. Ib-529it9,

November I965

•

(6551) LOAD DISTRIBUTIONS TO PRODUCE MINIMUM INDUCED

DRAG FOR NONPIANAR WINGS (OR HYDROFOILS).

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Mr. J.L. Lundry, Aerodynamics Research Group,

Douglas Aircraft Co.

(d) Theoretical.

(e) The goal of this project is a method to compute

the load distribution on complex, nonplanar

lifting configurations to produce minimum

induced drag. The basic theory was developed

by Munk. A potential flow parallel to the

downwash is computed about the Trefftz-plane

wake. The req_uired loading is proportional to

the potential difference across each element

of the wake. The loading will ultimately be

used to compute wing twist distributions for

experimental studies designed to demonstrate

the theoretical reductions of induced drag

that can be obtained with nonplanar configurations.

(6552) THE MINIMUM INDUCED DRAG OF NONPLANAR WINGS

(OR HYDROFOILS).

(b) The Independent Research and Development (IRAD)

Progi-am of the Do\;iglas Aircraft Co.

(c) Mr. J.L. Limdry; see (655I) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) The goal of this project is the development

of a method to compute the minimum induced drag

of complex, nonplanar lifting configurations.

The basic theory was developed by Munk. A

potential flow parallel to the downwash is

determined about the Trefftz-plane wake. The

minimum induced drag is then found by quadrature.

The purpose of the project is to analyze

complex configurations more accurately than

30
they have been treated previously, and. to provide engineering data with which to judge

previous approximate results.

(f) Completed.

(g) The significant conclusions of this work are:

(l) the early, analytical, approximate method

of Mangier gives numerical results for

minimum induced drag with reliahly small error

for the simple configurations that were

analyzed; (2) the more recent, combined

analytical and experimental method of Cone can treat quite general lifting configurations,

but sometimes produces significant optimistic

errors for minimum induced drag; (3) the

present method gives errors of the order of

10 in induced drag efficiency, and can treat

complex nonplanar configurations with front

view that can be approximated by straight line

segments

.

(h) "A Numerical Solution for the Minimum Induced

Drag of Nonplanax Wings," J,L. Lundry and

P.B.S. Lissaman, to be published in AIAA

Jour, of Aircraft in early I968.

UMIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, The Engineering and Industrial

Experiment Station, Dept. of Coastal and Oceanographic

Engrg. , Gainesville, Florida 326O3.

Inquiries concerning projects should be addressed to Dr. Robert G. Dean, Chairman, Dept. of

Coastal and Oceanographic Engrg., Univ. of

Florida, unless otherwise noted under (c).

(314-13) INLET STUDIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Field investigations; applied research.

(e) Study of the stability of coastal inlets.

(iH27) FLUORESCENT TRACING OF SEDIMENT IN COASTAL

AREAS.

(b) National Institute of Health.

(d) Field investigations; basic and applied

research.

(e) Tracing of sediment drift on beach and offshore bottoms by means of injected fluorescent material.

(g) Statistical sampling methods, rapid measurement fluorescent tracer concentration by

electronic scanners , a new longshore current

theory and a statistical approach to littoral

transport mechanism are being developed at the laboratory.

(h) "Longshore Currents and Longshore Troughs,"

Per Bruun, Jour. Amer. Geophys. Union, Vol.

63, No. k, Feb. 1963.

"Tracing of Sediments in Coastal Waters by

Fluorescent Material," presented by Per Bruim

at 17th Anmjal Industrial Waste Conf., Purdue

Univ. , May I962.

"Quantitative Tracing of Littoral Drift," Per

Bruun, Proc. Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conf., Jackson, Miss., Feb. I963, Misc.

Publ. 970, U.S. Dept. of Agricult-ure.

"Summary of the Production and the Scanning

of Fluorescent Tracers," Paxil Teleki,

Appendix I of Misc. Publ. 970 (see preceding

reference), Feb. 1>63.

"Statistical Analysis of Samples for Deter- mination of Fluorescent Sand Concentration,"

M. Manohar, (unpublished).

"Tidal Inlets and Littoral Drifts," Per

Bruun and J.A. Battjes, presented at Intl.

Assoc. of Hydraulic Research, London,

31

Sept. 1963.

"Quantitative Tracing of Littoral Drift," P. Bru\m, Proc. IXth Intl. Conf. on Coastal

Engrg., Lisbon 196k, Paper I.I7.

"Qmntitative Tracing of Littoral Drift,"

P. Bruun, Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation

Conf., Proc, Jackson, Miss. Publ. No. 970,

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, I963.

"Fluorescent Sand Tracers," P.G. Teleki, Jour. Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. ll68-l^85. "Automatic Analysis of Tracer Sand," P.G. Teleki, Joxir, Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 7^1-^-759. (lH28) FLUX OF WAVE ENERGY PERPENDICUIAR TO THE DIRECTION OF WAVE PROPAGATION.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(d) Basic research.

(e) Experiments to determine flux of wave energy

perpendicular to the direction of wave

propagation.

(f) Discontinued.

(h) "Wave Attenuation on a Channel with Roughened

Sides," J.A. Battjes, Engrg. Progress at Univ.

of Florida, Vol. XIX, No. 7, July I965.

Paper of same title in Coastal Engrg., Proc. ASCE Specialty Conf., Santa Barbara, Calif.,

1965, p. l)-25.

ikl29) INFLUENCE OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON EROSION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Basic research.

(e) To determine the influence of short-term as well as long-term fluctuation of sea level on erosion and shoreline movements.

(f) Tracer experiment being undertaken on trans- versal drift in connection with other field

projects.

{kk-jk) COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDY AT SOUTH LAKE WORTH

INLET, FLORIDA.

(b) South Lake Worth Inlet District Commission.

(c) South Lake Worth Inlet District Commission,

c/o K.C. Mock and Associates, 2930 Okeechobee

Road, West Palm Beach, Florida.

(d) Experimental field and applied research.

(e) To study distribution of inlet currents, improvement of entrance jetties, and navigation

channels and measures against beach erosion.

Also study the effect of proposed landfills

in the bay.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(h) "Coastal Engineering Model Studies of Three

Florida Coastal Inlets," P.M. Bruun, J.A. Battjes, T.Y. Chiu, and J.A. Purpura, Engrg.

Progress at Univ. of Florida, Vol. XX, No. 6,

June 1966.

(kkTy) COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDY AT HILLSBORO INLET,

FLORIDA.

(b) Hillsboro Inlet Improvement and Maintenance

District, City of Pompano Beach and Trustees

of the Internal Improvement F\md.

(c) Director, Trustees, Internal Improvement Fund,

Capitol Bldg. , Tallahassee, Florida.

(d) Experimental, field and applied research.

(e) To study methods for inlet stabilization,

navigation improvement, and sand bypassing

across the inlet.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(h) "Coastal Engineering Model Studies of Three

Florida Coastal Inlets," by P.M. Bruun, J.A.
Battjes, T.Y. Chiu, and J.A. Purpura, Engrg.

Progress Univ. of Fla., Vol. XX, No. 6, I966.

{hkj9) REVIBl'/ OF BEACH EROSION AND COASTAL PROTECTION

IN FLORIDA,

(d)

(e)

(h)

(M^82

(c

(d

(e

(f

(g

(^895

(c

(d

(e

(f

(g

(h

(4898

(c

(d

(e

(f)

Engrg. and Industrial Expnit. Sta., Univ. of

Florida.

Field investigation; applied research.

Review of the erosion and protection sitmtion

in Florida.

"Withdrawn Dykes and Preservation Lines," P. Bruun, Shore and Beach, Jour. Amer. Shore and

Beach Preserv. Association, October l)6k.

"Offshore Dredging—Influence on Beach and

Bottom Stability," P. Bruim, The Dock and

Harbour Authority, London, Vol. XLV, No. 530, Dec. 196k, p. 7. "Revetments for Coastal Protection- -Review of

Some Different Types," P. Brum, Dock and

Harbour Authority, Vol. XLIV, No. 520, Feb.

196k.

"Modern Trend in Revetment Design," P. Bruim,

Consulting Engineer, Feb. 196k.

"Coastal Protection Procediires, " Bull. Wo. II8,

Vol. XVIII, No. 12, 196i4-, Florida Engrg. and

Indus. Expmt. Sta. "Revetments for Coastal Protection," P. Bruun, Jour. Institution on Engrs. in Australia,

Vol. 37, Wo. 1-2, Mar. I965, pp. 17-20.

EXPERIMEWTAL STUDY OF MECHANICS OF DUNE BUILDING AT CAPE HATTERAS NATIONAL SEASHORE AREA.

Cape Hatteras National Seashore, National

Park SejTVice, Manteo, Worth Carolina.

Same as (b) above.

Experimental and field research.

Study of mechanics of dune building by various

types of sand fences and other sand catchment

devices under controlled conditions is underway in a laboratory wind tunnel to be later

correlated with field tests. Completed.

Report submitted to sponsor.

SAND TRANSPORT BY WIND AND MECHANICS OF DUNE

BUILDING.

National Science Foundation.

T.Y. Chiu, Sr. Asst. in Engrg., Dept. of

Coastal and Oceanographic Engrg., Univ. of

Florida.

Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

To study the basic mechanics of sand transport by wind under dry and humid conditions,

with and without vegetation, \iniform and gusty

winds and with and without solid and permeable

vertical fences.

Completed.

Report submitted to sponsor.

"Sand Transport by Wind," T.Y. Chiu, Dept. of

Coastal and Oceanographic Engrg., Univ. of

Florida, Tech. Rep. No. 1, I967.

BASIC RESEARCH ON LITTORAL DRIFT BY WAVE AND

CURRENT ACTION.

National Science Foundation.

Minze Stuiver, Research Assoc . , Dept. of

Coastal and Oceanographic Engrg., Univ. of

Florida.

Experimental and basic research; dissertation.

A laboratory basic research project on friction coefficients and sediment transport

by currents and waves running with or against

each other and running perpendicular to each

other

.

Completed

(g) Report being prepared.

(5281) TRACING OF LITTORAL DRIFT AT CAPE KENNEDY.

(b) U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

(c) U.A. Purpura, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Coastal

and Oceanographic Engrg., Univ. of Florida.

(d) Field project; applied.

(e) Tracing of simulated debris resulting from

a nuclear rocket abort.

(5283) SCRAPER OPERATION, JUPITER ISIAND.

(b) Coastal Engrg. Research Ctr., U.S. Army Engrs;

and Florida Board of Conservation.

(c) J.S. Purpura; see (5281) above.

(d) Field project; applied and basic.

(e) To evaluate the effectiveness of an offshore

drag -scraper in providing sand for beach

nourishment.

(5284) SAND FENCES.

(b) Coastal Engrg. Research Ctr., U.S. Army Engrs.

(d) Applied.

(e) To test various sand fences.

( f ) Discontinued.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(5684) SIMIIARITY OF BED LOAD TRANSPORT BY CURRENTS.

(b) National Science FoTindation.

(c) Mr. J.A. Battjes, Dept. of Coastal Engrg.,

Univ. of Florida.

(d) Theoretical and experimental development

research.

(e) A st-udy of the feasibility of applying

specially developed artificial roughness

elements in movable bed models.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report in preparation.

(5685) STUDY OF LONG WAVE PENETRATION IN DEEP NARROW

FIORDS (ICELAND).

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Office of Naval Research.

(d) Basic research.

(e) Research on low frequency ocean waves and their

penetration in narrow fiords.

(5686) COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDY OF MACQUARIE HARBOR

INLET (TASMANIA).

(b) Pickands Mather and Co., Cleveland, Ohio.

(c) Pickands Mather and Co., Cleveland, Ohio.

(d) Experimental, theoretical and field investigation, applied research.

(e) Stability computations for the proposed navigation channel study methods to arrive at a minimum of maintenance dredging.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(h) "Water-Level Fluctuations and Flow in Tidal

Inlets," Jacobus Van de Kreeke, Jour. Waterways and Harbors Div. , Proc, ASCE, Vol. 93, No. WW4, Nov. 1967, pp. 97-106.

(6752) COASTAL ENGINEERING HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDY OF

ST. LUCIE INLET.

(b)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Martin County Commissioners, Stuart, Fla.

Experimental, theoretical and field investigation, applied research.

Investigate and propose improvements to provide inlet stability, improved navigation

and sand bypassing.

Completed.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6753) A MODEL INVESTIGATION OF EXTREME RUN-UP AT

FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION'S CRYSTAL RIVER SITE.

32
(t) Gilbert Associates, Inc., Reading, Perma.

(c) T.Y. Chiu; see (k895) above.

(d) Experimental; model investigation.

(e) Determine the adequacy of proposed berm

elevations at site of nuclear plant against

extreme hurricane storm tide and wave run-up.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6751+) WAVE, CURBEMT AHD STORM SURGE RESPONSE TO EXTREME WIND SYSTEMS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(e) Development and evalmtion, by field measure- ments , of a numerical model to predict the

waves, currents and surges resulting from an

extreme wind system over a coastal area of

irregular bathymetry.

(6755) EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATER WAVE

THEORIES FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATION.

(b) Coastal Engrg. Research Ctr., U.S. Army Engrs.

(d) Theoretical; basic and applied.

(e) Development of available water wave theories

into a form readily applicable for engineering

use.

(g) Computer programs have been developed for eight

water wave theories and the agreement with the

specified boundary conditions has been

established. The most valid wave theories

have been identified for wide ranges of

dimensionless wave characteristics.

(h) "Relative Validities of Water Wave Theories,"

R.G. Dean, Proc . , Amer. Soc. of Civil Engrs.

Conf. on Ocean Engrg., Sept. 1967.

(6756) RESIDENCE TIMES OF WATERS BEHIND BARRIER

ISLANDS.

(b) Office of Water Hesoiirces Research, (interior )

.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and applied.

(e) Develop and assess numerical procedures for

predicting residence times of waters in

lagoons behind barrier islands and in interconnected bay systems.

(6757) SAND TRACING PROGRAM FOR SPECIFIC AREAS ON

THE LOWER EAST COAST OF FLORIDA.

(b) Florida Board of Conservation.

(c) J.A. Purpura; see (528l) above.

(d) Field- laboratory; applied and basic.

(e) Uses fluorescent coated sand to evalute natu- ral and artificial bypassing at three inlets

and study of long segments of beach behavior

between the inlets.

(6758) FURNISH TECHNICAL ADVICE OF COASTAL ENGINEERING

NATURE TO THE STATE OF FLORIDA.

(b) Florida Board of Conservation.

(c) J.A. Purpura; see (5281) above.

(d) Field-office; applied.

(e) To furnish advice to the Florida Board of

Conservation relating to State problems in

coastal engineering.

(6759) COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDY OF JUPITER INLET,

FLORIDA.

(b) Jupiter Inlet Commission.

(c) J.A. Purpura; see (528l) above.

(d) Field- laboratory; applied and basic.

(e) Laboratory model study to improve navigation,

bypassing and maintenance of Jupiter Inlet.

(6760) COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDY OF A SPECIAL TYPE

OF OFFSHORE BREAKWATER FOR INSTALLATION AT

HILLSBORO INLET.

(b) Erosion Prevention District Advisory Committee,

Board of County Commissioners, Broward County,

Florida.

(c) T.Y. Chiu; see (lj-895) above.

(d) Experimental; applied.

(e) Measurements of wave transmission and force

on a few permeable structures with varying

permeabilities

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6761) COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT

OF THE CURRENT PATTERN AROUND THE HILLSBORO

BRIDGE PIER.

(b) Florida State Road Dept.

(c) Minze Stuiver; see (i)-898) above.

(d) Experimental; applied, design.

(e) To investigate various solutions for

improving the cross-current pattern existing

in the inlet channel under the bridge,

primarily by modifying the square shape of

the bridge abutment.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6762) TRANSVERSAL INLETS IN BOTTOM PROFILES.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin., U.S.

Dept. of the Interior.

(c) Edward B. Thornton, Research Assoc . , Dept.

of Coastal and Oceanographic Engrg. , Univ.

of Florida.

(d) Field-theoretical; basic; doctoral theses.

(e) Synoptic field measurements of the entire

littoral processes including sand transport,

waves, (height and direction), water particle,

velocities, wind, tide, bathymetry and

sediment characteristics. These measure- ments are used to gain insight for development of theoretical models.

(6763) COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDY OF THE MOUTH OF THE YAGUEZ RIVER.

(b) Dept. of Public Works, Puerto Rico, via

Flavio Acaron and Associates.

(c) Omar H. Shemdin, Asst. Prof., Dept. of

Coastal and Oceanographic Engrg., Univ. of

Florida.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) Model study of the influence of the offshore

sand bar on the water surface elevation in

the Yaguez River during a flood.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report submitted to sponsor.

(.676k) COASTAL ENGINEERING STUDY OF THE MOUTH OF

THE CORAZONES WATER CHANNEL.

(b) Puerto Rico Land Administration, via Flavio

Acaron and Associates.

(c) Omar H. Shemdin; see (6763) above.

(d) Experimental applied research,

(e) Model and field study to investigate the

formation of a sand bar which blocks the

mouth of the Corazones water channel in

Puerto Rico.

GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP., CONVAIR DIVISION , P.O. BOX

1128, San Diego, Calif. 22112

(629k-) MONOGRAPH ON ANALYTIC REVIEW OF LIQUID

DYNAMICS IN FIXED AND MOVING CONTAINERS.

(b) National Aeroanutics and Space Admin.

33
Marshall Space Flight Center,

(c) R.E. Martin, Chief of Dynamics, Mail Zone

575-00, General Dynamic s/Convair.

Theoretical; applied research.

Monograph, on rigorous mathematical basis, on incompressible liquid sloshing in fixed and

moving containers of arbitrary shape. Purpose

was to provide foundation for study of

propellant sloshing in liquid rockets.

Completed.

Issued as Convair report; will be published

as MSA Contractor Report in near future.

(d

(e

if

(g

(6295

(b

(c

(d

(e

(f

(6296

(d

(e

(f

MONOGRAPH ON TESTING FOR BOOSTER PROPELLANT

SLOSHING PARAMETERS.

National Aeronautics and Space Admin.,

Marshall Space Flight Center.

R.E. Martin; see (629i+) above.

Monograph on experimental approaches

.

Summarizes modeling laws and test techniques

for scale model testing of sloshing of

propellant in liquid rockets.

Completed.

Issued as Convair report; will be published

as NASA Contractor Report in near future.

SURFACE AND NEAR SURFACE EFFECT ON HYDRO

DYNAMIC RESISTANCE FOR SUBMERSIBLE VEHICLES.

(b) Laboratory project for internal research

purposes

.

(c) A. Kremm, Project Engr., Marine Vehicles,

Mall Zone 510-00, General Dynamics/Convair

.

Experimental; design research.

A scale model of a submersible vehicle was towed in a tank at various speeds and depths

to determine the effect of depth on hydrodynamic resistance.

Completed.

(g) Data gathered in the model tow basin tests

showed that resistance of the particular

shape under study increased 59 percent and

73 percent when its operating depth was decreased from a full scale depth of 30 feet to 3 feet and zero (surface), respectively.

Towed speed was equivalent to 6 kn, full scale.

(h) Available from correspondent (c) above.

GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP. Groton, Conn. 063i+0 Electric Boat Division,

(6373) SERVO VALVE SPOOL EROSION EVALUATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) G.M. Lefoley, Supervisor of Mechanical

Controls, Underwater Development Engrg.,

Research and Development, Electric Boat Div.,

General Dynamics Corp.

(d) Primarily experimental; applied research.

(e) A study and experimental program to establish

the cause and solution of servo valve spool

erosion resulting from the use of high

pressure phosphate ester fire resistant

hydraulic fluids

.

(f) Completed.

(g) The Electric Boat Division of General

Dynamics' AGC system utilizes hydraulic power

to control all mechanical functions in the

systems. Power is generated at a hydraulic

power plant and transmitted through servo valves, which control power, to the various

mechanical actuators. On applications

requiring control on hot strip mills, a fire

resistant fluid is required to minimize the

fi re hazards in the event of a break in a

hydraiilic line.

During the test phase a problem was experienced with the servo valve and a hydraulic

fluid containing certain additives. An

abnormal increase in the internal leakage of

the servo valve was experienced. This leakage required more power to be generated at the hydraulic plant and ultimately resulted in an efficiency loss in the hydraulic system

after 50 hovirs of operation.

This report describes the efforts expended and

the final results achieved in solving this

problem. The report covers the work performed

by the valve manufacturer, Sanders Associates,

the fluid manufacturers, and the Electric

Boat division of General Dynamics, and field

operating experience at U.S. Steel McDonald

mills.

The solution to the problem consisted of

changing fluid to Stauffer Chemical,

Cellulube I50, which contains no additives,

and the addition of a fiiller's earth filter

to the system. To date, 15OO hours of field

operation has resulted in no increase in

internal valve leakage while over-all

hydraiilic efficiency has been maintained,

(h) Distribution of this report is restricted

pending final negotiation of cxirrent licensing

agreements.

(637't-) POTENTIAL FLOW COMPUTER PROGRAM.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Quentin Wald, Chief Hydrodynamicist, Research

and Development, Electric Boat Div., General

Dynamics Cojrp.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) A computation method is being developed to compute the potential flow field (Neuman

problem) exterior to a three-dimensional

body with at least one plane of symmetry.

The indirect method is employed, a source distribution on a plane of symmetry being

assumed. The body shape is developed by a streamline tracing method. The objective is

the prediction of the entire field of flow

around a surface ship or other submerged

body. It is intended eventually to inclijde a free swface and compute wave resistance.

(g) The basic program is operational. A method

of treating the free surface is being developed. It has not yet been applied to

practical problems.

(6375) THE HYDRODYHAMIC FORCES ON FIN-BODY

COMBINATIONS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Quentin Wald; see (6371+) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental investigation of

a basic nature with practical applications.

(e) Methods are being developed to facilitate

accurate and convenient prediction of the

forces on single and paired fins on a slender

body of revolution. The results are applicable to the preliminary design and the

prediction of the stability of underwater

vehicles

.

(g) The basic theoretical analysis is complete.

Analysis of the influence of the boundary

layer and the experimental work have not

started. Convenient prediction formulae have

been derived with the aid of conformal mapping

of the Trefftz plane.

3^
GEIIERAL ELECTRIC CO., Research and Development Center , P.O. Box 8, Schenectady, W.Y. 12301.

(6378) SURFACE FIIMS OF GAS NUCIiEI (AS REIATED TO

CAVITATIOW AND TENSILE STRENGTH IN WATER.)

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) L. Bernd, Research and Development Center,

General Electric Company.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) Study of the variation of water tensile

strength and its influence on the inception of

cavitation, as affected by organic films in

controlling the rate of gas nuclei dissolving

in laminar and turbulent flow. This applies

to water t\annel investigations of cavitation.

(f) Completed.

(g) Characteristics of dissolving with films

established.

(h) "Cavitation, Tensile Strength and the Surface

Films of Gas Nuclei," L. Bernd, 6th Naval

Hydrodynamics Syrap., Sept. 28 - Oct. h, I966,

Washington, D. C. "Study Films of Gas Nuclei (As related to cavitation and tensile strength in water) - Part 1, 2, 3, and i)-,"ONR Contract No. NONR14-29^(00), Naval Ship Research and Development

Ctr., Washington, D. C.

(6379) POLYMERIC FRICTION REDUCTION PROGRAM.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) W.B. Giles, Research and Development Center,

General Electric Company.

(d) Experimental and analytical investigation.

(e) Study of the boundary layer flow of laminar,

transition, and turbulent flows with homogeneous and injected friction-reducing

additives.

(h) "Similarity Laws for Dilute Viscoelastic

Flows," W.B. Giles, AIAA 3rd Propulsion Joint

Specialist Conf . , July 17-21, I967, Wash.,

D.C., AIAA No. 67-^+85. "On the Stability of Dilute Viscoelastic

Flows," W.B. Giles and W.T. Pettit, Nature

Mag., Nov. k, 1967.

(6380) SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF PUMP CAVITATION NOISE.

(b) Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA.

(c) R.B. Tatge, Research and Development Center,

General Electric Company.

(d) Electronic analysis of experimental data.

(e) Freq,uency analysis was applied to magnetic

tape data of pressure and vibration signals

of tuel and oxidizer missile pumps.

(g) Transient events of the centrifugal pump are observed as photographic patterms; such as head loss, rotating stall, impeller and

inducer blade frequencies.

(h) "Spectral Analysis of Pump-Cavitatlon Noise,"

F.O. Rathbun, Jr., W.B. Giles, D.E. Wood, and

C. Miller, 2nd Intl. Cong, of Experimental

Mechanics, pp. k9J-'yOT.

GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Space Sciences Lab., Theoretical

Fluid Physics Section , P.O. Box 8555, Phi la. , Pa. 19101

(6514-1) BLOOD FLOW RESEARCH.

(b) National Inst, of Health, National Heart Inst.

(c) Dr. Sinclaire M. Scala, Mgr., Theoretical

Fluid Physics, Space Sciences Lab.

(d) Theoretical, and experimental; applied research.

(e) The theoretical studies and experimental

measurements of in vitro and in vivo blood flow

are directed toward defining blood motion in

and adjacent to circulatory assist devices in

order to provide guidelines for optimum design

of these devices.

(g) Mathematical models based on the time -dependent

Navier-Stokes equations are being developed

for pulsatile blood flow. Measurements of

hemolysis of red blood cells under various

shear stress levels have also been made.

(h) "Design of Devices for Optimum Blood Flow,"

N.R. Kuchar and S.M. Scala, ASME Design Engrg.

Conf., Chicago, 111., April I968.

(65I+2) HURRICANE DYNAMICS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Albert Barcilon, Theoretical Fluid Physics

Section, Space Sciences Lab., General Electric

Co.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) The theoretical studies are directed toward

developing a complete self -consistent model

for the dynamics of a mature hurricane.

(g) The mathematical models are based on the

equations of viscous turbiilent flow. A model

has already been developed for the interfacial

boundary layer between the ocean and the

atmosphere , and of effects of meridional

circulation.

(h) Several laboratory reports have already

appeared, which have also been submitted to

journals for publication.

(651+3) SLOSHING OF LIQUIDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Henry G. Lew, Theoretical Fluid Physics

Section, Space Sciences Lab., General Electric

Co.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) The theoretical studies are directed toward

developing a general theory for the zero gravity liquid sloshing of a partially-filled

container in order to predict forces and

moments

.

(g) Studies have already been carried out of the

sloshing of liquid in a filled container which

contains two liquids of different density.

GEORGIA INSITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, School of Civil Engrg. . Atlanta, Georgia 30332.

(551+5) ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BED FORMS

UNDER WATER WAVES.

(b) Coastal Engrg. Research Ctr., U.S. Army Corps

of Engrs.; and laboratory project.

(c) Dr. M.R. Carstens, School of Civil Engrg.,

Georgia Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

which is partly for a doctoral thesis.

(g) Var ious features of the bed forms which occur with oscillatory flow over a bed of uniform

sand were studied experimentally in an

oscillatory- flow water tunnel. The amplitude

of the water motion was a controlled variable.

Three sizes of bed material were used in otherwise duplicate experiments. The period of

oscillation was essentially constant in all

runs. A flat bed was the initial condition in all runs. Initial and final transients were eliminated from the water motion. The

experiments were organized in order to study

(a) incipient motion, (b) evolution of a

35
duned bed, (c) geometry of eqiiilibrium dunes,

and (d) energy dissipation in the flow over a duned bed.

A universal incipient-motion criterion was

derived. Analytical study of scour and fill

on a two-dimensional dune is currently being

done by a doctoral candidate,

(h) "Evolution of a Duned Bed Under Oscillatory

Flow," M.R. Carstens and F.M. Neilson, Jour. Geophys. Research, Vol. 72, Wo. 12, pp. 3053-

3059, June 15, 1967.

(6686) TWO-PHASE FLOW IN A VERTICAL BEND.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research and

laboratory (matchlng-fund grant).

(c) Dr. M.R. Carstens; see (55'+5) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research for doctoral

thesis

.

(e) Two phase flow (air-water) down a vertical

conduit, thro\;igh a 90-degree elbow, and thence

through a horizontal conduit is being studied

in square conduits. Particular attention is

being given to the transition from a bubbly

mixture in the vertical leg to stratified

(open -channel) or plug flow in the horizontal

leg. Flow variables are air concentration and

Froude number in the horizontal leg. Geometric

variables are radius of curvature of the simple

circular bends and length of the horizontal

conduit.

(6687) LOCALIZED SCOUR.

(b) U.S. Navy, Mine Defense Lab. (1962-I967); U.S.

Army, Corps of Engrs., Coastal Engrg. Research

Ctr. (Current).

(c) Dr. M.R. Carstens; see (JS'+J) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied research part of which is being used

as a doctoral thesis.

(e) The unsteady phenomenon of localized scour which occurs in the sand bed as the result of

non-uniform flow induced by an object placed

in a flowing fluid is being analyzed by means

of mass -transport relations. The rates of sand

transport out of and into the scour-hole and

the scour hole geometry are evaluated separately. The empirically determined functions for

the transport fimctions and the appropriate

scour-hole geometric function are substituted

into the total differential for scour-hole

volume. Integration of the differential

equation results in the desired scour depthtime function. The reasons for this approach

are (l) division into three parts, that is,

discharge out, discharge in, and scour-hole

geometry is more manageable, and (2) the range

of model studies is definitely limited by the

scale effect of dunes. Experimental studies

have been completed for a horizontal cylinder

lying on a sand bed under oscillatory flow.

Current studies involve localized scour around

a single vertical pile protr\jding into a sand

bed under oscillatory flow.

(h) "SimiJ^rity Laws for Localized Scour," Marlon

R. Carstens, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Proc. ASCE,

Vol. 92, No. HY3, pp. 13-36, May I966.

(6688) DIFFUSION OF PARTICLES BY TURBULENCE—EFFECT

OF PARTICLE SIZE.

(b) U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Federal Water

Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. M.R. Carstens; see {^5^5) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research which is partly

for a doctoral thesis.

(e) A diffusion chamber was constructed in which

the turb\alence was homogeneous and isotropic

in a gross sense. The chamber is cylindrical

being I3 inches in diameter by 1-inch in

height. Sixty-eight nozzles which are directed

vertically downward are arranged in a separating

square network with a 1-inch spacing between

the rows of 0.190-inch diameter nozzles.

Thirty-four nozzles discharge into the chamber

while the other thirty- four exhaust from the

chamber. An unvalved piston pump is used to

force water into and out of the chamber

through the nozzles in the roof. The floor of

the chamber is plate glass. In the current experiments, six sizes of nylon

spheres are placed in the chamber and motion

pictures are taken to determine particle

motion. The smallest particle is 3/32-inch

in diameter and the largest is l/2-inch in

diameter. Amplitude and frequency of the pump

are fixed. The data are analyzed in accordance

with the theory of continuous movement using

coordinates of individual particles as input

data.

(g) The diffusion coefficients and the mixing

length of all particles less than 9/32-inch in

diameter were the same. If the ratio of

particle diameter to mixing length is less

than tmity, the ratio of particle diffusivityto-fluid diffiisivity is also unity. The

particle diffusivity decreases to zero if the

ratio of particle diameter to mixing length

is about three.

(6689) CHARACTERISTICS OF A POSITIVE SURGE IN AN

OPEN-CHAMEL WITH A CIRCULAR BOTTOM.

(b) Laboratory porject.

(c) Dr. M.R. Carstens; see (55^'?) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis.

(e) A positive surge was created in a horizontal,

transparent, 8- inch-diameter , plastic pipe.

A plane-faced piston at one end of the pipe was moved at a constant velocity in order to generate a surge which progressed over stillwater. The single variable in the experiments

was still-water depth which, of course, altered

the geometry of the cross section. Differential pressure measurements between two

stations along the pipe were used to determine

the undular surge profile and celerity. Grossstream tube analysis (continuity and linear

momentTM) was verified in every respect. At

the smaller depths, the frictional forces were sufficient to have reached an equilibrium

water-surface profile at the measuring stations

whereas with the larger depths, the profile was changing as the surge moved up the channel.

(6690) SIMUIATION OF UNSTEADY FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS

BY DIGITAL COMPUTER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. C.S. Martin, School of Civil Engrg.,

Georgia Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research.

(e) The equations of motion for unsteady graduallyvaried flow in open channels are expressed in a finite-difference form suitable for programming

on a high-speed digital computer. A discussion

of the various finite-difference schemes available for solution to these equations and their

relative units for application to engineering

problems is given. The staggered-net scheme

introduced by Stoker is expanded to be

applicable to a system of N interconnected

channels, with each of their ends subject to

36
one of the following toundary conditions:

discharge hydrograph, stage hydrograph, stage

discharge relationship, dead end or jimction

of channels. The theory and computer program

are tested and compared with existing

experimental results corresponding to the

following situations: (l) flood hydrograph

in circular channel; (2) power-load rejection in headrace of trapezoidal canal; (3)

power-load acceptance in tailrace of rectangular model channel; and (k) tidal (stage)

hydrograph in rectangular model estuary.

(6691) HYDRODYNAMICS OF TIRE HYDROPIAKIUG.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. C.S. Martin; see (669O) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(f) Completed.

(g) The hydrodynamics of pneumatic tire hydroplaning are explained from a purely analytical standpoint. Lift and drag forces on an

assumed planing surface (tire) are obtained

for an ideal fluid undergoing two-dimensional

motion. For the condition of incipient

hydroplaning the theoretical lift coefficient

is found to be 0.8, compared to a value of

0.7 from experiment. The lift and drag

coefficients are shown to decrease as the tire

lifts further off the runway. The pressure

distribution on the pavement from theory

compares favorably with the experimental

results

.

(h) "Hydrodynamics of Tire Hydroplaning," Jour,

of Aircraft, AIAA, Vol. h, No. 2, MarchApril 1967, pp. 136-111-0.

(6692) EFFECT OF A PERMEABLE BED ON SEDIMENT TRANSPORT.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research; and

laboratory project.

(c) Dr. C.S. Martin; see (669O) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The study is a continuation of an investigation that originally was comprised of three

phases. In the completed first phase of the

study the magnitude of the seepage force on the top layer of sediment particles on a plane slope was determined. This was accom- plished by subjecting the plane slope to see- page flow and then measuring the apparent

angle of repose and the piezometric-head

gradient within the bed at failure. From the

experimental results the seepage force on the

top layer of bed particles was computed to vary from I/3 to l/2 times the corresponding

seepage force on sediment particles well

within the bed.

The purpose of the proposed second phase of

the study will be to determine the criterion

governing incipient sediment motion when a plane bed is subject to not only seepage

through it but boundary- layer flow over it, as is present in a stream channel. Experiments will be conducted with sand comprising

the bottom of a rectangular water channel.

The third phase of the study will be a continrntion of the second phase in that the

same experimental setup will be utilized.

In this case the effect of the seepage force on sediment transport will be ascertained.

The sand bed will be allowed to move as the

flow through the channel and the seepage flow

into or out of the bed are varied,

(g) An experimental investigation was performed

to determine the seepage force on uniform,

cohesionless bed particles (sand) that com- prise the top layer of a stream bed. Slope

stability tests were conducted for which water

was directed normal to the plane of the bed.

The most conclusive results were those for which

the water flowed vertically upward into a horizontal bed. The seepage force on the

grains forming the interface was found to be

approximately one-half the corresponding see- page force on grains well within the bed.

Further tests were conducted on the rate of

erosion following incipient failure with the

plane bed in a horizontal position and the flow

directed vertically upward into the bed. The

rate of erosion was correlated with the rate

of seepage (hydraulic gradient). The hydraulic

gradient corresponding to an extrapolated rate

of erosion of zero was -3-2. The corresponding

seepage force on the grains at the interface is

then approximately one-third the seepage force

on grains well within the bed.

It is concluded that the seepage force on

uniform, cohesionless bed particles at the

sand-water interface is approximately one- third to one-half the seepage force on particles well within the bed.

(h) "The Effect of a Permeable Bed on Sediment

Transport, Phase I: Seepage Force on Bed

Particles, Final Report," OWRR Pro j . Mo.

B-00i|—GA, Water Resources Ctr. , Georgia Inst,

of Tech., WRC-O266, June 1966, 60 pages.

(6693) SOLUTIONS OF SEEPAGE THROUGH COMPLEX MEDIA

BY FINITE ELEMENTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Paul G. Mayer, School of Civil Engrg.,

Georgia Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Seepage through naturally occurring materials

frequently requires treatment of media which

are seldom isotropic and more often non- homogeneous. The method of finite elements is a general numerical method by which complicated

seepage problems can be effectively conditioned

for digital computation.

(h) "Solution of Anisotropic Seepage by Finite

Elements," 0. Zienkiewicz and Y.K. Cheung, Jour. Engrg. Mechanics Div., ASCE Proc,

mi-k6l6, Feb. 1966, pp. 111-120.

{669k) TA.INTER GATES AS FLOW MEASURING DEVICES.

(b) U.S. Dept. of Agricult\ire , Agricultural

Research Service; and laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Paul G. Mayer; see (6693) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research.

(e) Soil and water conservation practices in the

Southern Florida Flatwoods, as elsewhere, have

utilized Tainter gates for the purpose of

stream flow control. The study of existing

control structures in Okeechobee County,

Florida, was coupled with hydraulic model

studies to enhance the design of Tainter gates

,

to investigate the use of such gates as flow

measuring devices, to adapt remote sensing

devices for the recording of pertinent field

data, and to develop computer programs which

would translate periodic recordings into discharge rates

.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Hydraulic Investigations of Tainter Gates as Flow Measuring Devices," Paul G. Ifeyer and

Bruce R. Olmstead, Final Rept., Georgia Tech

Research Sta. Pro j . A-953, Dec. I967, 100 pages.

37
"Discharge Characteristics of Partially Open

Tainter Gates," Paul G. Mayer, Water Power,

Sept. 1965.

(6695) UNSTEADY FLOW OF DILUTE AQUEOUS HIGH POLYMER

SOLUTIONS IN PIPES.

(b) laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Paial G. Mayer; see (6693) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) Small traces of certain long-chain polymeric

molecules, dissolved in water, reduce turbulent friction in flow through pipes.

Local additions of polymers will change the

resistance characteristics almost instantly,

and the progress of the fluid slug with

changed properties is a time dependent process.

A mathematical study of head and velocity

changes is to be carried out using numerical

procedures and an electronic digital computer.

The mathematical problem is to be formulated

as an initial value problem. Solutions to

simple pipe problems involve the Riinsce-Kutta

procedures and the Adams-Bashforth method.

A laboratory study of unsteady pipe flow is to verify the mathematical model. The

mathematical procedures are to be extended

to parallel pipe systems and to pipe

networks

.

(g) Experiments carried out in a 2-inch diameter

pipe demonstrated that a h-0 per cent reduction

resulted from admixtiire of 100 parts per

million by weight. Reductions as much as 60

per cent were observed at polymer concentrations of 300 parts per million. The experiments were carried out as steady-state pro- cesses . The basic simple pipe unsteady pipe flow

problem has been solved numerically.

Laboratory experiments are under way to verify

the procedures.

(6696) FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF SPHERES IN DILUTE

AQUEOUS HIGH POLYMER SOLUTIONS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Paul G. Mayer; see (6693) above.

(d) Experimental; M.S. thesis.

(e) The addition of small amounts of certain longchain polymeric substances to water causes noticeable changes of drag on spheres at certain Reynolds numbers. Glass spheres and

steel spheres are used in a study of settling

characteristics in tubes containing varioiis

concentrations of polymers dissolved in water.

(6697) TURBULENT FLOW ESTABLISHMENT,

(bj Laboratory project; and U.S. Geol. Survey.

(c) Dr. Paul G. Mayer, Sch. of Civil Engrg.

,

Georgia Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; M.S. thesis,

Ph.D. thesis.

(e) A major assumption made in experimental and in

analytical studies of turbiilent flow through

straight channels and conduits is that the

flow is established. The criterion applied

to open channel flows is that of constant

depth from station to station, and the

criterion applied to enclosed conduit flow

is that of a constant pressure gradient.

Flow establishment is studied as a development

of the turbulence power spectrum. Established

flow is defined as the eq.uilibrium state between turbulence energy generation and

energy dissipation.

(f) Suspended.

(g) The study demonstrated that pressure gradients

and constant depths are the least sensitive

and accurate criteria for flow establishment.

The establishment of constant velocity

distributions as meas\ired by pitot tubes were

a more sensitive criterion. The intensity and

scale of turbulence, as well as the turbulence

power spectrum are the siiperior criteria for

flow establishment when mixing, diffusion,

heat and mass transfer are to be studied,

(h) "Flow Establishment in an Open Channel," J.M. Wallace, Jr., M.S. Thesis, March 196k.

"Investigation of the Energy Spectrum of

Turbulence in a Closed Rectangular Channel,"

G. M. Slaughter, Ph.D. Thesis, July I965.

"Turbulent Flow in a Three -Dimensional Channel,"

H. J. Tracy, Ph.D. Thesis, J\ily 1964.

"Turbulent Flow in a Three-Dimensional Channel,"

H. J.Tracy, Jour. Hydraulics Dlv. , ASCE Proc,

Vol. 91, HY6, Nov. 1965, p. 9-36.

(6698) OXYGEN TRANSFER TO WATER DROPLETS,

(b^ Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Paul G. Mayer; see (6697) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; M.S. thesis.

(e) The re-aeration of oxygen-deficient streams

and lakes is of utmost importance to the full

utilization of water resources. A possible method for obtaining water with

relatively high concentrations of dissolved

oxygen is that of spraying oxygen-deficient

water into a pressurized tank with pure oxygen

or with air. The water would fall through

the atmosphere, absorbing oxygen as it did so, and collect in a receiving pool from which

water could be withdrawn to enrich oxygendeficient waters. A preliminary theoretical

and experimental investigation was conducted

with an oxygen atmosphere. A literat\ire survey was made of the basic interphase mass transfer

theories. The preliminary experimental study

employed a 75 gallon tank into which water was sprayed through whirl-tjrpe nozzles. The

operating pressures ranged from zero to approximately 10 atmospheres. Oxygen con- centrations were measured with galvanic oxygen

analyzers. For the pressures applied, a fifteen-fold increase in dissolved oxygen

concentration could be obtained.

The present work is carried out with compressed

air in an Improved reactor. It is proposed to study the cost-efficiency of the method in

its application to oxygen-deficient streams and lakes

.

(g) The experimental time -average transfer co- efficient was similar to that predicted by

both the circulating and the turbulent droplet

models

.

(6699) DYNAMIC RESPONSE FUNCTIONS OF OCEAN STRUCTURES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Paul G. Mayer; see (6697) above.

(d) Theoretical; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The object of the study is to develop a technique for analyzing the dynamic response

of off-shore structures subjected to random

wave forces and to the constraints imposed by

the foundation mediian of the ocean floor.

Emphasis is placed on the use of existing

models of the forcing functions and the

restraining functions to formulate a nianerical

method of analysis.

The structural model is analyzed for free and

random vibrations. Cross-power spectra are developed for random force fields and random

wave heights. Consideration is given to fluid

38
damping and the effects of vortex shedding.

Dynamic resistance of soils to the movements

of piles is to be included. The finite

element method may he used in the analysis of

dynamic foundation response.

GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, School of Engineering Mechanics , Atlanta, Georgia 30332.

(63l<-7) INTERACTION OF SLOSHING LIQUID WITH ELASTIC

CONTAINERS.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. Helmut F. Bauer, Prof., School of Engrg.

Mechanics, Georgia Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Coupled oscillations were considered and the

influence of flexibility was considered upon

the frecjuencies. Rectangular containers of

infinite width and circular cylindrical

containers were treated with either flexible

bottom or sidewalls.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Liquid Sloshing in Elastic Containers," H.F. Bauer, T.M. Hsu, and J.T.S. Wang, NASA-CR8802 (1967).

(631+8) MECHANICAL MODEL FOR LONGITUDINALLY EXCITED

SLOSHING MOTION.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. Helmut F. Bauer; see ( 631+7) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Representation of liquid sloshing due to

longitudinal excitation in rigid circular

cylindrical containers as a simple nonlinear

mechanical model has been performed. Onehalf-subharmonic response is described by

the model.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Mechanical Model for Longitudinally Excited

Sloshing Motion," H.F. Bauer and J. Villanueva,

Jour. Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. k, No. 10, pp. 1376-1379.

(631+9) NONLINEAR LATERAL SLOSHING IN AN ANNUIAJR CIRCUIAR RIGID CYLINDRICAL SECTOR CONTAINER.

(b) School of Engrg. Mechanics.

(c) Dr. Helmut F. Bauer; see (63I+7) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research; thesis.

(e) Investigate natural frequency dependency as fimctions of liqviid amplitiides, free

oscillations, and nonlinear response to sinusoidal transverse tank excitation.

(f) Starting.

(6350) DYNAMICS OF LIQUIDS IN CYLINDRICAL TANKS WITH

A FLEXIBLE BOTTOM.

(b) Dept. of Engrg. Sciences and Mechanics, Univ.

of Florida, Gainesville, and School of Engrg.

Mechanics, Georgia Inst, of Tech.

(c) Dr. Julius Siekmann, Prof., School of Engrg.

Mechanics, Georgia Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical research.

(e) Coupled oscillations of system fluid/tank

under consideration of weak gravitational and

strong capillary effects.

(f) Completed.

(h) "On Liquid Sloshing in a Cylindrical Tank with

a Flexible Bottom Under Strong Capillary and

Weak Gravity Effects," J, Siekmann and ShihChih Chang, Jour, of the Astronautical Sci.,

Vol. XIV, No. 1+, pp. 167-172, July-Aug. I967.

GRUMMAN AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING CORP ., Bethpage, K.Y.

11711+

(5195) THE EFFECTS OF GAS BUBBLES IN LIQUID SHEAR

FLOWS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Richard A. Oman, Head of Gas Dynamics

Group, Research Dept., Pit. 25, Grumman

Aircraft.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) This program is aimed at determining how a suspension of gaseous bubbles perturbs a

liquid flow field. Recent work has concen- trated on nozzle flows. After a preliminary

one-dimensional flow analysis assuming uniform sized bubbles, we are including bubble

expansion in varying pressure field. Ex- perimental work is also directed at finding

effects of nozzle geometry on mixtures of

different quality.

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics , Dept. of Civil Engrg ., Honolulu, Hawaii

(5893) lABORATORY STUDY OF LONG WAVE AMPLIFICATION AT

SMALL CIRCUIAR ISLANDS.

(b) Conducted as a part of the Hawaii Inst, of

Geophysics Tsimami Research Program, Dr. W.M. Adams, Principal Investigator.

(c) Dr. John A. Williams, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of

Civil Engrg., Univ. of Hawaii.

(d) Experimental; of an applied research nature.

(e) The project is a model study to determine the

amplification of long waves on cylindrical

islands which have circular "sea mounts" as bases, i.e.,

1

h = h (^)

o b' where h^ is the water depth for all r>b, h is

the water depth for a<r<b (a is radius of

cylindrical island), and q is an exponent

which may vary over the range 0<q<2. Wave

heights at r = a are observed and compared

with predicted values based on linear, long wave theory. The limiting case of a = 0 is

included.

(f) Completed.

(g) Theoretical predictions of long-wave amplification by circular cylinders (Havelock, I9I+O)

and by islands (Webster and Perry, 1966; Homma,

1950) were verified for a limited range of

frequencies.

Tests on seamounts with peaks submerged to about 12 percent of the undistTjrbed water

depth showed that particular waves are more

sharply focused than others over the peak.

For a conical seamount this occurred at a wave length of 17/2 times its base diameter, and for

the parabolic seamount, at a wave length of

n/1.7 times its base diameter. The amplification factors for these two cases are 2.1

and 3-5. respectively. Theoretical predictions

(Wong et al. , I963) for the longest wave sharply focused by the conical seamount agree

with the experimental results. Predicted

amplitudes, however, are generally smaller and

not in agreement with experimental results.

39
(h) Results are reported in H.I.G. 66-19, Nov.

1966, Hawaii Inst, of Geophysics, Univ. of

Hawaii.

(6155) LAMINAE, RADIAL FLOW OF A VISCOUS FLUID

BETWEEN PARALLEL PLATES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. John A. Williams; see (5893) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) The purpose of the investigation is to study

the effects of the convective acceleration on

the velocity profile of a radial flow and the

stability of such a profile.

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, J.K.K. Look Laboratory of

Oceanographic Engrg. , i3ll Olomehanl St., Honolulu,

Hawaii.

(589'^) HILO HARBOR, HAWAII SEICHING STUDY.

(b) Laboratory project, in conjunction with

Hawaii Inst, of Geophysics.

(c) Jan M. Jordaan, Jr., Assoc. Prof, of Civil

Engrg., Univ. of Hawaii.

(d) Experimental, model and field data.

(e) Determination of seiching periods and modes

of harbor in present and futxire planned states,

due to tsunamis and storm surges. Continuation study by Univ. of Hawaii on existing

1:600 Hor. 1:200 Ver. model of Hilo Bay of

U.S. Army Corps of Engrs. (See No. 3903 in

1965 Issue of Hydraulic Research in the

United States under W.E.S., Vicksburg, U.S.

Army Corps of Engrs.)

(f) S\ispended.

(5895) HILO HARBOR, HAWAII, BEACH EROSION AND

RESTORATION STUDY.

(b) Laboratory project, in conjunction with

Hawaii Inst, of Geophysics.

(c) Jan M. Jordaan, Jr.; see {'yQSh) above.

(d) Experimental, model and field data.

(e) Determination of feasibility of restoring

bathing beach along Hilo Bayfront under

present and future planned states of harbor.

Utilize existing model; see (589*+) under (e).

(f) Siospended.

(5896) TSUNAMI RUN-UP AROUND COASTLINE OF OAHU,

HAWAII.

(b) Laboratory project, jointly with Hawaii Inst,

of Geophysics; funded by National Science

Foundation.

(c) Jan M. Jordaan, Jr., Assoc. Prof, of Civil

Engrg.; and William M. Adams, Director,

Tsunami Research Group, Univ. of Hawaii.

(d) Experimental, model and field data; basic

research.

(e) Determination of wave amplification and run- up potential, of tsunamis arriving from

various directions, at points aroimd Oahu on

1:20,000 and 1:250,000 scale models, undlstorted.

(g) Light-reflection technique devised to show

low-steepness wave motion on screen in background of model. Strain gage wave sensors resolve scaled-down tsunamis of amplit\;ides

down to 0.1 mm.

(6072) WIND-WAVE CHARACTERISTICS.

(b) Laboratory project, jointly with Hawaii Inst,

of Geophysics; funded by National Science

Foundation.

c) William M. Adams, Jan M. Jordaan; see (5896).

d) Experimental data; basic research; development.

(e) Pilot wind wave flume h& ft. long completed.

Report in progress of characteristics of wind

waves dtie to winds up to ft. /sec. Major

facility I80 ft. long by U ft. wide by 6 ft. high. Wind wave flume in final design stage.

(6073) BARBER'S POINT HARBOR MODEL STUDY.

(b^ U.S. Army Corps of Engrs., Honolulu District.

(c) Howard Harrenstien, Director, Center for

Engrg. Research, Univ. of Hawaii.

(d) Experimental; model and analytic data;

applied research.

(e) Determination of optimum design of deep-draft

harbor at Barber's Point, Oahu. Model is to 1:100 scale, undistorted, equipped with

variable direction, period and amplitude wave generators

.

{607h) KUEHO BEACH MODEL STUDY (WAIKIKl).

(b) State of Hawaii, Dept. of Transportation,

Harbors Div., Honolulu, Hawaii.

(c) R.Q. Palmer, Consultant, Univ. of Hawaii.

(d) Experimental and field data; applied research.

(e) Determination of optimum beach alignment and

protection for Kuhlo Beach Section, Waikikl

Beach, Oahu.

(f) Completed.

(g) Beach alignment parallel to refracted wave

crests recommended.

(6075) WAVE FORCES ON SUBMERGED SPHERES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) R.A. Grace, Asst. Prof, of Civil Engrg., Univ.

of Hawaii.

(d) Field Installation on foreshore; basic

research for Master's thesis.

(e) To obtain inertial and drag resistance co- efficients for objects in shallow water

waves.

UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON, Mechanical Engineering Dept. , Houston, Texas ffOOC

(6381) THE DETERMINATION OF VORTEX MOTION AND DRAG ON

A CIRCUIAR CYLINDER DUE TO VORTEX MOTION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Charles Dalton, Mechanical Engrg. Dept.,

Univ. of Houston.

(d) Doctoral dissertation; analytical and basic

research.

(e) Investigation of the growth of vortices behind

a circular cylinder in an oscillating flow.

The vortices are represented by means of the

lumped vortex model.

(6382) OBSERVATION OF WAKE VORTICES FOR A CIRCUIAR

CYUNDER IN AN OSCILIATING FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Charles Dalton; see (6381) above.

(d) Master's thesis; experimental.

(e) The wake formation and growth of vortices

behind an oscillating circular cylinder were

observed by means of a flow-vlsmlization

technique.

(f) Completed.

(g) The results indicated that the dimensions and

characteristics of the cylinder wake depend

strongly on the relative amplitude of the

oscillatory motion. The frequency (for the

range included in the investigation) of

ko
oscillation had very little effect on this

same wake.

HYDROMUTICS, INCOBPORATED, Pindell School Rd.

,

Laurel, Maryland 20810

{66kh) RESEARCH ON OCEAN PHENOMENA.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Walter P.M. van de Watering, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; "basic research.

(e) The purpose is to obtain a better understanding

of hydrodynamic phenomena in the ocean such as the generation of internal waves in density

stratifications, the generation of wind waves

and capillary waves and the change in gravity

and capillary wave spectra associated with

surface currents being superposed on the wind

waves.

(h) A large number of technical reports have been

issued, e.g., "The Upper Ocean Layers," Owen M. Phillips,

HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 231-1,

May 1963.

"On Internal Gravity Waves Generated by Local

Disturbances," K.K. Wong, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 23I-5, Feb. 1965.

"Surface Currents Due to a Submerged Disturbance in a Stratified Ocean, " HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 23I-6, Feb. 1?65.

"Flow Phenomena Caiised by the Collapse of a Mixed Region in a Density-Stratified Medium,

Jin Wu, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept.

231-11, March 1966.

"Wind Profile Analysis," J. Wu, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated, Tech. Rept, 23I-I3, June I967.

"Wind Stress and Surface Roughness at the

Air-Sea Interface," Jin Wu, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 23I-I8, in press.

(661+5) HYDRODYNAMICS OF DISPERSE SYSTEMS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Marshall P. Tulin, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Theoretical: disperse systems in general;

considerations of the mechanics of dilute

solutions of polymers; the bulk properties

of macromolecular solutions; the way the

molecular strains relate to flow patterns;

the effect of elastic stresses upon turbulent

flows and turbulence itself, and, finally, on turbulent flows with radiation damping, which

incl-udes pipe flow thickening of the viscous

sub- layer

.

Experimental: the effect of additive injection

and of electrolytic bubble generation on plate

resistance; a study of the effect of

macromolecular additives on the spreading of

a cylindrical cloud of free turbulence,

experiments on the decay of turbulence behind

a grid in which the dispersion of small

buoyant particles was photographed, the effect

of polymer concentration on impact tube

pressures, and the measurement of the velocity

distribution in the laminar sub- layer,

(h) "Experiments on Free Turbulence in ViscoElastic Fluids," Jin Wu, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 353-1, March I965.

"The Effect of Ejected Polymer Solutions on the Resistance and Wake of a Flat Plate in a Water Flow," R. Love, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 353-2, June IO65.

"The IVfeiintenance of Reynolds Stress in

Turbulent Shear Flow," O.M. Phillips,

HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 353-3, Jan. 1967.

"Hydrodynamic Aspects of Macromolecular

Solutions," M.P. Tulin, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 353-l|-, May I967. "Pressure Fluctuation Measurements in Dilute

Polymer Solutions," D.N. Contractor,

HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 353-5,

Sept. 1967.

(661+6) FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES OF VENTIIATED CAVITY FLOWS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Virgil E. Johnson, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated,

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) This research was intended to delineate the

effects on ventilated cavity flows of the

following parameters

:

1. Submergence depth below the free surface;

2. struts in the proximity of the cavity;

3. transverse gravity fields; 1+. cavity

air supply.

The experimental res\ilts were compared to theoretical predictions in those fields

for which theory had been developed.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Effects of Ambient Conditions, The Gravity

Field, and Struts, on Flows over Ventilated

Hydrofoils," R. Altmann and C. Elata,

HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept.

605-1, May 1967.

"Choking of Strut-Ventilated Foil Cavities,"

C. Elata, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech.

Rept. 605-2, May 1967.

(661+7) BLOOD FLOW HYDROMECHANICS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Clinton Brown, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) The investigation is an effort to expose

pertinent hydrodynamic factors which affect

the blood flow in the arterial system of man. These studies emphasize theory and experiment

pertaining to the hydrodynamic effect of flow

on the filtration theory of atherogenesis.

(661+8) INVESTIGATION OF A TANDEM ROW, HIGH HEAD PUMP

INDUCER,

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.,

Marshall Space Flight Center.

(c) Virgil E. Johnson, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research.

(e) Design and testing of the tandem row concept

for pump inducers. The first stage has been

designed as a super-cavitating pump, the

second stage as a high solidity, high head

impeller without cavitation. The inducer is

tested in a pump loop. The high suction

performance inducer is used as an inlet stage

for high speed, high performance rocket engine

tiorbopumps

.

(h) "Supercavitating Cascades with Constant

Pressure Cambered Blades," B, Yim, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 703-2, July 1^67.

(661+5) EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF DISPERSION IN RIVERS AND

ESTUARIES.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research, U.S.

Dept. of the Interior.

(c) Walter P.M. van de Watering, HYDRONAUTICS.

Incorporated.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

1+1
(e) The general aims of the research are: to develop methods enabling the calculation of

velocity distributions in streams which may

he used to determine the dispersion co- efficient; to provide experimentally verified quantitative results relating to dispersion in channels with varying aspect ratio

and boundary roughness distribution; to develop quantitative verified theories

relating components of the dispersion tensor

to the mean flow characteristics; to provide

useful and verified information and procedures

relating to the scaling and model testing

of dispersion in streEuns. (h) "On the Theory of Longitudinal Dispersion,"

C. Elata, Intl. Assoc. Hydraulic Research

Congr., Fort Collins, 1967-

(6650) ROCK TimNELING WITH HIGH SPEED WATER JETS

UTILIZING CAVITATION DAMAGE.

(b) U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Office of High Speed

Ground Transportation.

(c) Virgil E. Johnson, Jr., HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(e) The primary purpose of the research is to determine if high speed cavitating water jets can drill hard rock more effectively than

existing timneling methods. A test facility

was designed and constructed which produces

a 0.25 inch diameter water jet with a variable

velocity up to 5OO fps. Cavitation is induced

within the jet by means of various inserts

which are placed in a specially designed

nozzle. The distance between nozzle and

specimen is varied as well as the jet angle

of attack.

(g) Very intense erosion is produced. Method

looks feasible.

(6651) MODELING CAVITATION EROSION.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. A. Thiruvengadam, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) The purpose of the experiments is to find the

scaling laws to model cavitation erosion.

Using a magnetostriction device the cavitation

damage resistance for various materials was determined. Tests are conducted with foils to determine the cavitation damage over a range of speeds for different foil shapes and

depths of submergence (real time test).

(h) A variety of reports have been issued on this

subject, e.g.:

"A Comparative Evalmtion of Cavitation

Damage Test Devices," HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept. 233-2, I963. (See also

Symp. on Cavitation Research Facilities and

Techniques, ASME Flmds Eng. Conf . , May 196k).

"On Testing Materials for Cavitation Damage

Resistance," A. Thiruvengadam and H.S. Preiser,

HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept.

233-2, 196k. (Also Jour. Ship Research,

Dec. 19614-). "On the Role of Corrosion in Cavitation

Damage," A. Thiruvengadam, S. Waring and H.

S. Preiser, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated,

Tech. Rept. 233-k, 196k. Presented at the

ZOth Ann\aal Conf., Natl. Assoc. of Corrosion

Engrs., March 196k. (Also Jour. Ship

Research, Dec. 1965).

"Mechanical Properties of Metals and Their

Cavitation Damage Resistance," A. Thiruvengadam,

HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept.

k2

233-5 July 1961t-. (Also Jour. Ship

Research, March 1966).

"High Frequency Fatigue of Metals and Their

Cavitation Damage Resistance," A. Thiruvengadam,

HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept.

233-6, Dec. 196k. (Jour, of Engrg. for

Industry, Trans. ASME, Vol. 88, Series B., No. 3, Aug. 1966).

"The Concept of Erosion Strength," A. Thiruvengadam, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated,

Tech. Rept. 233-9, March I966. (ASTM

Publication "Symposium on Erosion by

Cavitation or Impingement, "STP k08 March

1967).

"Cavitation Damage in Liquid Metals," A. Thiruvengadam and H.S. Preiser, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated, Tech. Rept. i4-67-Final, NASA,

CR-72305, Sept. 1965.

"On Modeling Cavitation Damage," A. Thiruvengadam, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated,

Tech. Rept. 233-10, Aug. 1966.

"Theory of Erosion, "A. Thiruvengadam,

HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated, Tech. Rept.

233-11, March I967.

(6652) EXPERIMENTAL AMD THEORETICAL RESEARCH ON

TURBIDITY CURRENTS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Walter P.M. van de Watering, HYDRONAUTICS,

Incorporated.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) The purpose is to describe quantitatively

the growing process of turbidity currents

through experiments and theory; to develop

a theory describing the steady state, taking

into account the actual distributions of

velocity and density, the entraimnent of

ambient fliud, and the erosion and deposition

of sediments, verified by experimental

results; to obtain usefiil and verified

information and procedures related to the

scaling and model laws for turbidity currents.

(6653) THE INCEPTION OF CAVITATION.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Dev. Ctr., Dept. of

the Navy.

(c) Virgil E. Johnson, HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) The purpose is to find the change in size of

entrained gas bubbles in the free stream

passing a body. Trajectories of such bubbles

are now being calculated. Model tests and

the necessary equipment and instriimentation are under preparation. The model tests will

consist of measuring the distribution of the

bubble size in the free stream and comparing

measured trajectories of a bubble passing an actual body with the theoretically predicted

trajectories.

(h) "The Influence of the Trajectories of Gas

Nuclei on Cavitation," Virgil E. Johnson and

Tsuying Hsieh, 6th Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics,

1966.

UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO, College of Engineering . Moscow,

Idaho 838it-3

(3057) CONSERVATION OF WATER FOR RANGE STOCK.

(b) Laboratory project; in cooperation with

Bureau of Land Ifenagement and ranchers.

(c) J.C. Moore, Asst. Prof., Civil Engrg. Dept.,

Univ. of Idaho.

(d) Field investigation; applied operational
research.

(e) Field Investigation to study hydrology of small

desert -watersheds, evaporation under field

conditions and occurrence of inrpermeahle earth

materials has heen made. Several small ponds

have been constructed losing various manufactixred

lining materials and the effectiveness of

evaporation retardants imder field conditions

has been investigated. It is proposed to construct several small ponds in naturally

impermeable sites or lined with local

impermeable earth materials.

(f) Completed.

(g) Performance of manufactured lining materials

including plastics, combinations of glass

fiber and bitumen, and films of asphalt cut- backs and emulsions was investigated under field

conditions. Criteria were developed for the

estimation of evaporation and seepage. A

digital computer program was developed enabling

the investigator to determine total pond

storage required, volume of earthwork in dam,

and area requiring lining for a small dam and

reservoir site in terms of desired storage

capacity after evaporation, width of stream

floodplain, longitudinal slope of floodplain,

and transverse slope of terrain to sides of

floodplain. Criteria for the selection of size

of watershed to supply ponds fed by small

intermittent streams were developed. Some work

was done on the evaluation of the hydrology of

small desert watersheds, site permeability, and

location of sources of natural impermeable

materials through airphoto interpretation.

(h) "Stock Watering Ponds in Southwestern Idaho,"

John C. Moore, Univ. of Idaho Engrg. Expmt.

Sta. Research Rept. 5, April I966.

"The Development of Inexpensive Stock Watering

Facilities in Semiarid Regions," John C. Moore.

Proc. Intl. Conf. on Water for Peace, May 196?.

(5167) TOTAL HYDROELECTRIC RESOURCES IN IDAHO AHD

DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS ON IDAHO STREAMS.

(b) laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Paul Mann, Elec. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of

Idaho

.

(d) Experimental; applied research for master's

thesis.

(e) A study of streamflow data is being made to determine full water resources capability.

The study is designed to develop estimating

constants which may give a 90 percent accuracy.

New ideas for stream-to-stream diversion will

be investigated.

(f) Completed.

(h) "A Study of Hydro Peaking Capacity in Idaho,"

R.R. Goranson, unpublished M.S. thesis, Univ.

of Idaho, 196k.

(5170) CORRELATION FOR THE DISPERSION OF LIQUIDS

FLOWING THROUGH PACKED BEDS USING MODIFIED

RANDOM WALK MODELS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. R.R. Furgason, Chem. Engrg. Dept., Univ.

of Idaho.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) The random walk equations were used as a model

for the horizontal liquid distribution in a packed bed. A study was made of the effect of

the liquid properties (surface tension and

viscosity) on the horizontal dispersion of the

liquid and the horizontal step sizes. A proposed mechanism for liquid flow tl-iroi:gh packed

beds, consisting of a series of pools and

h3

vertical steps was evaluated by comparing the

residence time for a tracer in the liquid with

the apparent residence time for the liquid

itself.

(f) Completed.

(g) The dispersion of a liquid in a packed bed was found to be affected by both surface tension

and viscosity. A decrease in surface tension

caused an appreciable decrease in the horizontal dispersion coefficient while an increase in viscosity caused a lesser decrease

for any given size of packing.

(h) "Mechanisms of Liquid Flow in Packed Beds,"

G.R. Irving, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Univ.

of Idaho, 1966.

(5368) GROUND WATER MOVEMENT IN HIGHWAY LANDSLIDES.

(b) Laboratory project; cooperative with Idaho

Dept. of Highways and Idaho Bureau of Mines

and Geology.

(c) Prof. J.J. Peebles, Coll. of Engrg. Univ. of

Idaho

.

(d) Experimental and field investigation; applied

research and development with master's thesis.

(e) To study the flow characteristics of ground

water movement in landslides and to ascertain

sources of the water. Tracing techniques are being studied using dyes and isotopes as well

as other pressure measuring devices. This is an attempt to predict and identify slide

behavior in places where slides are apt to

occur.

(f) Completed.

(g) Conclusions of this project are that both

fluorescein and pentacyl can be advantageously

used to delineate ground water movement in

relation to landslides. Graphical presentation

of fluoriometer readings Is essential before

definite conclusions can be made. The a\;igerhole method of determining in- situ hydraiilic

conductivity can be used in some landslide

investigations as an aid in planning a tracer

program.

(h) "A Study of Groundwater Movement in Landslides,"

W.V. Jones and John J. Peebles, Engrs. Expmt.

Sta., Univ. of Idaho, June I966.

(5897) FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF SUBSOIL

WATER IN THE IMMEDIATE PROXIMITY OF AND INTO

DRAINAGE FACILITIES.

(b) Western Regional Research Project.

(c) Dr. G.L. Corey, Head, Dept. of Agric. Engrg.,

Univ. of Idaho.

(d) Experimental; basic.

(e) To develop a dimensionless nomograph for

vertical free drainage from various soils.

(g) A transducer system has been used to record

pressures in a column during drainage

(h) An M.S. thesis will be completed in 1,68.

(5898) TWO AND THREE -DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION ANALYSIS

OF UNSTEADY FLOW INTO POROUS MEDIA.

(bj Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. G.L. Corey; see (5897) above.

(d) Experimental; basic.

(e) To determine quantity and rates of advance of

flow into porous materials with various

initial capillary pressiires.

(g) A technique for using a tensiometer pressure

transducer system for studying transients

developed and tested.

(h) "Using a Tensiometer -Pressure Transducer

Apparatus to Study Imbibition," N.C. Young,

unpublished M.S. thesis, Univ. of Idaho.
(5902) TRANSITION BETWEEN IAMXHAR AND TURBOIENT

FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. G.L. Blooiriburg, Agric. Engrg. Dept., Univ.

of Idaho.

(d) Theoretical and experimental basic research

for master's thesis.

(e) A theoretical and experimental investigation

of the transition between laminar and turbulent

was conducted.

(f) Completed.

(g) A theoretical development of the relationship

between friction factor and Reynolds number

for flow in porous media was obtained. This

was similar to a development by S. Irmay but

the e3q>erimental data contradict some of the

assimiptions made by Irmay.

(h) "Laminar and Turbulent Flow Through Spherical

Particles," M.R. Gibbens, unpublished M.S.

thesis, Univ. of Idaho, 1968.

"Transition Between Laminar and Turbiilent

Flow in Porous Media," G.L. Bloomsburg and

M.R. Gibbens, Agric. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of

Idaho, Jan. I968.

(5903) EFFECT OF EXTERNAL AIR PRESSURE ON LIQUID

FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) D.W. Fitzsimmons, Asst. Prof.,Agric. Engrg.

Dept., Univ. of Idaho.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) The effect of changes in external air pressure

on flow of a liquid through a poro\is medium

containing trapped air will be investigated

in laboratory columns

.

(6701) INVESTIGATION OF METHODS FOR AUTOMA-TIC MEASUREMENT OF SNOW WATER.

(b) Laboratory and U.S. Army Corps of Engrs.

(c) V.E. Penton, Asst. Prof., Mech. Engrg. Dept.,

Univ. of Idaho.

(d) Experimental; development work for M.S. thesis.

(e) One portion of the project involves measuring

the runoff from snow pillows since this would

give a measure of the rate of snow melt.

Various designs for the snow pillow will be

investigated. Another part of the project

involves investigation of a diurnal fluctuation in snow pillow readings which often occurs.

(h) "Experience with the Pressure Pillow as a Snow Measuring Device," V.E. Penton and A.C.

Robertson, Water Resources Research, Vol. 3; No. 2, pp. kO'5-k08, 1967. An M.S. thesis

will be completed in 1968.

(6702) A STUDY OF VECTOPLUVIOMETERS.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. Agric.

V.E. Penton; see (67OI) above.

Experimental; development work for an M.S.

thesis.

The objective is to develop a device to measure the horizontal component of wind blown

snow, to help in the determination of the

vertical component.

Catch efficiencies for various designs have

been determined for sawdust in a laboratory

wind tunnel.

An M.S. thesis will be completed in I968.

(6703) REIATIONSHIP OF PUMPING LIFT TO ECONOMIC USE

OF GROUNDWATER FOR IRRIGATION.

(c

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

(d) Field investigation; operation; for M.S.

thesis.

(e) During the last few years mmierous deep well

(<500 ft.) pumps have been installed by

private developers to irrigate desert land in

southern Idaho. This project is to determine

the economic aspects of such projects with

respect to types of crops grown.

(h) "Relationship of Pimping Lift to Economic Use

of Groundwater for Irrigation," R. Cheline

and R. Haynes, Idaho Agric. Research Progress

Rept. No. 130, 1967. An M.S. thesis will be

completed in I968.

{G'JOk) AGRICULTURAL WATERS NEEDS FOR THE STATE OF

IDAHO.

(c

(d

(g

(h

(6705

(b

(c

(d

(e

(h

(6706

(b

(c

(d

(e

(b) Idaho Water Resources Board; and Office of

Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. G.L. Corey, Head, Dept. of Ag. Engr.,

Univ. of Idaho.

(f

(g

(h

(6707

(b

(c

(d

(e

(g

(h

(6708

(b

(c

(d

(e

Idaho Water Resources Board.

Dr. G.L. Corey; see (67O3) above.

Field investigation; operation; for M.S.

thesis.

The monthly consumptive use values for 12 crops

at 29 weather stations in Idaho will be

determined by the modified Blaney-Criddle

Method.

A computer program has been developed for the

above c omputat i ons

.

A progress report will be issued in I968.

PRELIMINARY INVENTORY OF THE WATER RESOURCES

FOR THE STATE OF IDAHO.

Idaho Water Resources Board.

J.J. Peebles, Assoc. Prof., Civil Engrg, Dept.

Field investigation; operation.

To provide base information for water resource development of the state. A final report will be issued in Sept. I968.

AN IMPROVED RADIOACTIVE SNOW GAGE.

Laboratory; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation;

U.S. Corps of Engrs.; Office of Water

Resoiirces Research.

Dr. R.E. Warner, Assoc. Director, Engrg.

Expmt. Sta., Univ. of Idaho.

Experimental; development.

To develop a scintillation detector which can

be used for the determination of water

equivalents for snow packs of up to 100

inches of water.

CoBipleted.

A scintillation detector system was developed.

"A Nuclear Radiation Snow Gage," G.A. McKean,

Bull. No. 13, Engrg. Expmt. Sta., Univ. of

Idaho, Aug. 1967

•

BUBBLING PHENOMENA IN FLUIDIZED BEDS.

Laboratory project.

Dr. J.B. Romero, Assoc. Prof., Chem. Engrg.

Dept., Univ. of Idaho.

Experimental, basic; for M.S. thesis.

Determine characteristics of bubbles in

fluidized beds.

An X-ray \mit has been calibrated for sttidies

in fluidized beds.

An M.S. thesis will be completed in I968.

ANALYSIS OF STREAWFLOW SEPARATION TECHNIQUES.

Laboratory project.

C.C. Warnick, Director, Water Res. Research

Inst., Univ. of Idaho.

Field investigation, operation; for M.S.

thesis.

Purpose was to determine whether there is

correlation between ground water levels and

stream discharge for purpose of refining

separation technique.

kk
(f) Completed.

(g) Wo relationship was found between ground water

level adjacent to the water course and stream

flow when a large range of stream flow was

plotted.

(h) "An Analysis of Streamflow Separation Techniques," H.T. Davis, unpublished M.S. thesis,

Univ. of Idaho, Aug. 196?.

(6709) BUBBUNG HEAT TRANSFER RESEARCH.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) W.P. Barnes.

(d) Study of film and nucleate boiling between

solid surfaces and various liquids.

(e) Experimental, design and development for

M.S. thesis.

See Water Resources Research Catalog, Vol. 2.

(03IW) PHYSICAL STA.TE PROPERTIES OF PRECIPIT/LTION.

(Formerly No. 5899)

(O32W) MOVEMENT OF WATER FROM CANALS TO A GROUNDWATER

TABLE. (Formerly No. 5900)

(O33W) HYDROLOGY OF FROZEN GROUND FLOODS. (Formerly

No. 5901)

(05IW) STUDIES ON METHODS OF SOIL WATER DETERMINATION.

IIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE , 10 W. 35th St., Chicago, 111.

60616

(5196) TURBULENT FLOW TRANSITION NEAR SOLID AND

FLEXIBLE BOUNDARIES.

(b) Naval Ship Sys. Comm. General Hydromechanics

Res. Program, administered by Naval Ship Res. and Dev. Ctr.

(c) Mr. Henry B. Karplus, Research Physicist, IIT Research Inst.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Transition to turbulence is investigated in a water channel having walls with adjustable

rigidity. It is intended to obtain a better

understanding of the effect of resilience and

datcping of the walls on the build up of

turbulence in boundary layers. The ultimate

objective is the reduction of drag of vessels

and the reduction of boundary layer noise in

hydrophone domes.

(f) Completed.

(g) Transition to turbulence is affected by wall

resilience. Flexible walls may delay turbulence onset over limited flow rate regions.

(h) Final Technical Report No. IIT RI M-6IIO.

{390k) OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS WITH HIGH TEMPORAL AND

SPATIAL RESOLUTION.

(b) Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Marshall

Space Flight Ctr.

(c) Mr. M.J. Fisher, IIT Research Inst.

(d) The aim of this project was the development of

a technique for measuring the local turbulent

properties of shear layers while avoiding the

insertion of probes into the flow.

(e) An experimental technique is being developed

with the aid of which estimates of local tur- bulent properties of shear layers may be

obtained without the necessity of inserting

probes into the flow field. The probe is

replaced by two beams of radiation, which pass

through the entire flow field in two mutually

perpendicular directions. It has been shown

that, although each beam independently measures

only an integral of the flow properties along

the entire light path between the source and

detector, the covariance of the two detected

signals does yield local turbulent information.

Altho\;igh the techniq.ue is primarily aimed at supersonic or hot turbulent flows a verification study has been performed using a subsonic jet. Good agreement with published hot

wire data has been obtained.

(f) Completed.

(g) The results of this study clearly demonstrate

the potential of this method for the investigation of many aspects of turbulent flows

which have been previously inaccessible

experimentally

.

(h) "The Crossed Beam Correlation Technique,"

M.J. Fisher, and F.R. Krause, J. Fluid Mech.

,

Vol. 28, p, 706, 1967.

"Mapping of Turbulent Fields by Crossing

Optical Beams," F.R. Krause, 20th Anniv. Mtg.,

Amer. Phys. Soc, Nov. 1967.

"Optical Measurements with High Temporal and

Spatial Resolution," M.J. Fisher and R.J. Damkevala, Final Report on NASA Contract No. ms8-ii258, Sept. 1967.

(5913) NOISE TRANSMISSION IN FLUID AMPLIFIERS.

(b) Harry Diamond Labs., U.S. Army Materiel Comm.

(c) Mr. Dennis W. Prosser, Research Engr., IIT

Research Inst.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) The objective of this program was to determine

the relative importance of stage-produced

noise and transmitted noise in two-stage

proportional fluid amplifiers.

(f) Completed.

(g) The main results of this program were: (l)

The ratio of stage produced to transmitted

noise is frequency dependent; (2) stage

produced noise predominates over transmitted

noise, except when control noise from the

first stage is very large or is of a low

frequency nature.

"Noise Transmission in Flmd Amplifiers,"

D.W. Prosser, Nov. 30, I966, Final Rept. to Harry Diamond Labs, under Contract No. nA-i+9-l86-AMC-196 (d). Mod. No. 5. Contact

HDL for copies of the report.

(6118) STUDY OF VIBRATIONS INDUCED IN THIN-WALLED

PIPES UNDER VARYING FLOW CONDITIONS.

(See no. 5538 in past issues)

(b) Natl, Aeronautics and Space Admin., Marshall

Space Flight Ctr. Dr. J.M. Clinch, IIT Research Inst. This work involved an experimental and

theoretical investigation of the vibrational

response of thin-walled pipe sections to the

wall pressure field applied by internal tur- bulent water flow within them.

A continuously operating water flow loop

facility capable of producing Reynolds numbers

of 2 x 10" was designed and constructed for

the investigation. Wall-mounted miniature

pressure transducers were also fabricated to record the wall pressiare fluctuations.

Statistical properties of the wall pressure

fluctuations determined from these recordings

included the power spectral density and the

space-time and spatial correlation of the wall

pressures in 1/3-octave frequency bands. The

data obtained from these measurements and also

from measuring the pipe damping factor were employed to calculate, on the basis of random

vibration theory, the pipe wall response to

(h)

(0)

(a)

(e)
fully-developed turbulent flow excitation.

(f) Conipleted.

(g) Measurements of the vibrational response to fully-developed turbulence of given pipe

sections showed very good agreement with the

predicted value of the response over a wide

range of flow speeds and exciting frequencies.

The res\ilts obtained from measuring the pipe

wall response at various positions downstream

of pipe bends and non-cavitating orifice

plates were essentially identical to those for

fully-developed flow conditions. It was found

that the power spectral density of the pipe

wall displacement could "be expressed as a function of the Strouhal number based on the

pipe diameter and mean flow speed. The resialts

indicated that the displacement power spectral

density of the pipe wall vibrations decreased

at the rate of 15 dB/octave at low Strouhal

numbers and l8 dB/octave at high Strouhal

n\3mbers

.

(h) "Study of Vibrations Induced in Thin-Walled

Pipes by Fluid Flow," J.M. Clinch, Final Kept, on mSA. Contract No. ms8-11248, Sept. I965.

"A Miniature Transducer Assembly for Measuring

the Properties of the Wall-Pressure Field in

Turbulent Flows," J.M. Clinch, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. kO, p. 2'yk, July I966.

"The Vibrations of Thin-Walled Cylinders

Arising from Tiorbulent Fluid Flow," J.M. Clinch, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of London, May I967.

"Study of Vibrations Induced in Thin-Walled

Pipes under Varying Flow Conditions," J.M. Clinch, Final Kept, on NASA Contract No. NAS8-20325, June 1967.

(6119) STAGE PRODUCED NOISE IN FLUID AMPLIFIERS.

(b) Harry Diamond Labs., U.S. Army lyfeiteriel Comm.

(c) Mr. Dennis W. Prosser, Research Engr., IIT

Research Inst.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) The objective of this program is to investigate the factors producing noise, defined as undesirable fluct\aations of flow properties,

in a proportional fluid airrplifier, and to reduce the noise if possible.

(t) Almost completed.

(g) Tentative results indicate that the noise is

almost entirely due to the inherent turb\ilent

nature of the power jet. Thus, no simple

geometric changes will reduce the noise, with

the possible exception of the use of devices

with quite small aspect ratios (thin ampliffiers). In that case jet t\rrbulence would be

modified to something more like boundary

layer turbulence. Even then there would

possibly be little improvement, especially when

the signal is also decreased by this approach.

(h) Monthly Progress Reports have been submitted to the Harry Diamond Labs.

ILLINOIS DIVISION OF WATERWAYS, Dept. of Public

Works and Bldgs. , Springfield, 111. 62706

Address correspondence on all projects to: Mr. John

C. Guillou, Chief Waterways Engr., Div. of Waterways,

Dept. of Public Works and Bldgs., 201 W. Monroe St.,

Springfield, 111. 62706.

(1863) EROSION CONTROL, ILLINOIS SHORE OF lAKE

MICHIGAN.

(b^ State of Illinois.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

k6

(e) To obtain and correlate basic data on the

several forces and factors involved in erosion

processes along the Illinois Shore of Lake

Michigan to the end that future efforts toward

the prevention of erosion might be founded

upon a more definite and factual basis with a consequent greater degree of assurance that

the works will serve the intended purposes.

(g) No significant results since last report.

(5 5^+9) ILLINOIS RIVER.

(b) State of Illinois.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A hydraulic model st\«iy is being conducted to determine the effects, on the Upper Illinois

River, of various flood relief measures proposed for the Illinois Waterway and Chicago

Sanitary and Ship Canal.

(5656) KINKAID CREEK DAM.

(b) State of Illinois.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A hydraulic model study is being conducted to assist in the design of the spillway and

stilling basin for a proposed reservoir to be

constructed in Jackson Coimty, 111.

(609^+) NAPERVILLE DAM.

(b) State of Illinois.

(d) Experimentally applied research.

(e) A hydraulic model study is being conducted to assist in the design of the outlet structure

and stilling basin for a proposed reservoir to be constructed near Naperville, Illinois, in

DuPage County.

(g) No resTilts at this time,

(6095) MONTGOMERY LOCK.

(b) State of Illinois.

(d) Experimentally applied research.

(e) A hydraulic model stiidy is being conducted to determine the filling system for the proposed

23' X 1+3' and 23' x 15' recreational

navigation locks to be constructed in the Fox

River at Montgomery, Illinois. The two-lock

system will be constructed in stage development with the locks having a common fi3JLing

wall.

ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY , Box 232, Urbana, 111.

S1B02

A list of publications is available upon request from

Illinois State Water Survey at above address.

(1865) HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DROP-INLET SPILLWAY

STRUCTURES FOR SMALL RESERVOIRS.

(b) Laboratory project, in cooperation with U.S.

Dept. Agric, Agricultural Research Service,

Soil Conservation Service; and Illinois

Agric. Expmt. Station.

(c) Mr. H.W. Humphreys, Illinois State Water

Survey, ( Urbana)

.

(d) Experimental; generalized applied research

for development and design.

(e) To determine the most desirable proportions

and shapes of drop- inlet spillway structures

that have unique flow characteristics and

to develop anti-vortex devices. To provide

the necessary information on flow relations

and discharge coefficients so that these

structures may be economically designed.

Experimental apparat\is and tests conducted
on the complete spiU-Vjay. Information is

being obtained on discharges, vortex effect

on discharge, pressures, head loss coefficients, a flat pl^te anti-vortex device, and

flow conditions.

(g) Model tests were performed on a drop-inlet

spillway to determine whether or not a metal

grating deck placed above the inlet can con- trol vortices. The results of the tests show

that gratings do not prevent or control strong

vortices.

(h) Report of investigation in preparation covering circulation effects, flat plate anti-vortex device effect, and vortex effect on model

spillway performance.

(2535) FILTERIMG THROUGH COARSE MATERIALS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Ralph L. Evans, Peoria Lab., Illinois

State Water Survey, Box 717, Peoria, 111.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Small, coarse media - to sA-inch)

filters are operated at rates comparable to those achieved in field practice. Purpose is to study the effects of coarse media on physical, chemical, and bacteriological

properties of recharged water and to evalmte

the function of coarse media in protecting

aq.mfer materials.

(g) The results show that the suspended material

passing through coarse media is dependent upon

gravel size and depth, flow rate, and sus- pended solids in the applied water.

(iH35) CORROSION PREVEMTION BY CaCOj.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. T.E. Larson or H.W. Humphreys, Illinois

State Water Survey, (Urbana).

(d) Experimental.

(e) To determine chemical req.uirements and velocity requirements to provide protective coating in water pipes.

TJNI'VERSITY OF ILLINOIS, Dept. of Agricultural Engrg. , Urbana, 111. 61803.

Inquiries concerning the following projects should be

addressed to Prof. B.A. Jones, 100 Agriciiltural

Engrg., Univ. of Illinois.

(3i^-2l^) A STUDY OF RAINFALL ENERGY AND SOIL EROSION.

(b) Laboratory project cooperative with ARS, U.S.

Dept. of Agriculture.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Natural rainstorms are photographed with a

raindrop camera so that the number of raindrops, their size and size distribution, and

the kinetic energy of a rainstorm may be

calculated. Physical measixrements will be

made of the soil to determine the effect of

the kinetic energy of the rainstorm on soil

loss. The nature and properties of rainstorms that occur in this area of Illinois

will also be studied.

(f) Terminated.

(h) "Sources of Error in Calculating the Kinetic

Energy of Rainfall," J.S. Rogers, L.C. Johnson, D.M.A. Jones and B.A. Jones, Jr., Jour. Soil and Water Conserv., Vol. 22, No. h, pp. X\0-±k2, 1967.

(i^987) THE EFFECT OF GYPSUM AND DRAINAGE OR

SOLOWETZIC SOILS ( SLICK-SPOTS) IK ILLINOIS.

(b) Laboratory project in cooperation with Dept.

of Agronomy.

(d) Experimental field investigation.

(e) To test the feasibility of replacing and

removing excess sodium from solonetzic soils

under field conditions with (a) different

methods and rates of applying gypsum (calci- um sulphate), (b) different degrees of

disturbing the subsoil, and (c) different

spacings of tile drains.

Twenty plots were established in a random

pattern to compare 3 positions for the

application of gypsum and 3 spacings of tile

drains with check plots. The tile effluent is

measured by recording equipment to determine

the rate and voliane of flow. Also samples

will be taken to determine the amount of sodium

in the leachate.

(g) Corn yields have been greatly increased by

some applications of gypsum and drainage.

(h) "Natric Soils in Illinois," J.B. Fehrenbacher

,

R.T. OdelJL, P.E. Johnson and B.A. Jones, Jr.,

Illinois Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 5-7,

1966.

"Corn Yields on Natric Soils," J.B. Fehrenbacher, T.D. Hinesly, P.E. Johnson and

B.A. Jones, Jr., Illinois Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. lii-15, 1967. (Obtain copies from

authors .

)

(008W) RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICULTURAL AREAS IN

ILLINOIS. (Formerly No. 2316)

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog 1J-.0070, Vol. 2.

(h) "Fortran II Program: Watershed Composite

Precipitation," J.K. Mitchell, Agric. Engrg.

Research Rept., Illinois Agric. Expmt. Sta.

,

Univ. of 111., Urbana. I967.

(009W) LABORATORY MODEL STUDIES OF CONSERVATION AND

DRAINAGE STRUCTURES. (Formerly No. 2789)

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, h.OOGl, Vol. 2.

(h) "Sco-ur Hole Development Upstream of a Rectangular Weir with Free Overfall," A.O.

Weiss, M.S. thesis, Univ. of 111. Library,

1966. "Factors Affecting Scour Hole Development Upstream of a Rectangular Weir," A.O. Weiss,

B.A. Jones, Jr., R.N. Fenzl, Paper 67-7OI,

Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr., 1567. (Obtain from

ASAE, Saint Joseph, Michigan.)

"investigation of Scour from a Cantilevered

Pipe Outlet," J.D. Hendrick, M.S. thesis,

Univ. of 111. Library, Aug. I967. "An Inexpensive Electrical Analog for Flow in

Poro\is Media," J.L. Goodenough and R.N. Fenzl, Jour. Soil and Water Conservation,

Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 72-75, 1967.

(OlOW) HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL WATERSHEDS.

(Formerly No. 5369)

For summary, see Water Resoiirces Research

Catalog, h.OOSQ, Vol. 2.

(h) "Effect of Boundary Conditions on Solutions to the Unsteady Spatially Varied Flow Equations ,

W.F.G. Brutsaert, M.S. thesis, Univ. of 111.

Library, June W67.

"Laboratory Verification of Boundary Condition

Assumptions for Solutions of the De SaintVenant Equations," W.F.G. Brutsaert and R.N. Fenzl, Paper 67-737, Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr.,

1-167. (Obtain from A.S.A.E. Saint Joseph,

Michigan.

)
(OllW) DEVELOPMENT OF DRAimOE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

EA.SED ON PHYSICAL FEATURES IN ILLINOIS.

(Formerly 5809)

For sinnmary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, 6.0159, Vol. 2.

(h) "A Method for Distributing Drainage Assessments," R.L. Bengtson, M.S. thesis, Univ. of

111. Library, June 1967-

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, Department of Chemistry and

Chemical Engrg. , Urhana, 111. 6IB63

(6821+) STRUCTURE OF TURBULENCE CLOSE TO A WALL.

(h) National Science Foundation.

(c) Thomas J. Hanratty, Prof, of Chem. Engrg.,

205 East Chemistry Building, Univ. of Illinois.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research;

Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Electrochemical techniq.ues are used to study

fluctuating wall shear stress, fluctuating mass transfer rates, fluctuating concentrations, and

fluctuating velocities. The system is a vertical 8- inch diameter pipe.

(g) New information on the viscous sublayer.

(h) "A Study of Turbulence Close to a Wall,"

Physics of Fluids, Nov. 1967.

(6825) FLOW AROUND SOLID OBJECTS AND OVER SOLID WAVES.

(b) Petroleum Research Fund; National Science

Foundation.

(c) Thomas J. Hanratty; see {682k) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research, basic Ph.D.

theses

.

(e) Electrochemical techniques are used to study

shear stress variation around the surface of

a cylinder and over solid wavy surfaces.

(g) New technique for studying boundary layers

provides new information on near wakes

.

(h) "Wall Shear Stress Distribution for Flow

Around a Circular Cylinder," H.G. Dimopulos

and T.J. Hanratty, Kept. 2 to AFOSR, Project

9791-02, Oct. 1967.

(6826) FLOW THROUGH PACKED BEDS.

(b) Petroleum Research Fund.

(c) Thomas J. Hanratty; see (68214-) above.

(d) Experimental; basic Ph.D. theses.

(e) Details of the flow aro\md a sphere in a

regular bed of spheres are being studied.

(g) A transition to an unsteady flow at a Reynolds

number of about 125 is accompanied by only a slight change in the average rate of transport.

(h) "Transition to Turbulence for Flow Through a Dumped Bed of Spheres," K.R. Jolls and T.J. Hanratty, Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 21, II85, I966.

(6827) EFFECT OF NATURAL CONVECTION ON FLOW THROUGH

A HORIZONTAL PIPE.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Thomas J. Hanratty, Prof, of Chem. Engrg.,

205 East Chemistry Bldg., Univ. of Illinois.

(d.) Experimental, theoretical; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Secondary flow caused by natural convection is

being studied by laboratory and computer

experiments

.

(g) At large Grashof numbers the secondary flow

may be treated by a boimdary layer analysis.

(6828) INTERACTION BETWEEN A TURBQIEHT AIR AND

FLOWING LIQUID.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Thomas J. Hanratty; see (6827) above.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic, Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Various instabilities can arise at the interface which affect transport rates.

(g) Flow over liquid wavy siirfaces is fundamentally different from flow over solid wavy

surfaces.

(h) "Effect of Waves at a Gas-Liquid Interface

on Turbulent Air Flow," L.S. Cohen and T.J. Hanratty, Jour. Fluid Mech., late I967 or early I968.

(6829) EFFECT OF POLYMERS ON DAMPING OF WAVES.

(b) Natural Science Foundation.

(c) Thomas J. Hanratty; see (6827) above.

(d) Experimental; basic; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Effect of drag reduction polymers on wave

damping in tank is being studied.

(6830) NONLINEAR EFFECTS IN CELLUIAR CONVECTION.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Robert L. Sani, 207 East Chemistry Bldg.,

Univ. of Illinois.

(d) Theoretical; basic research; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Asymptotic perturbation techniques are being

used to study surface tension-buoyancy driven

flows in a fluid layer heated from below.

(g) Stable cell shapes and the corresponding

convective flux are predicted.

(h) "Remarks on the Benard and Related Stability

Problems," R.L. Sani, TAMP, Vol. 17, I966,

pp. 6k2-6k'y. "Free Convective Instability," R.L. Sani, to appear in Math. Jap., Vol. 12, I967.

(6831) CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY OF TRANSIENT SYSTEMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) R.L. Sani; see (683O) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Projection methods are being used to study

convective instability of stgignant fluid

layers subjected to transient transfer of

heat and mass.

(g) A transient linear acceleration field is

predicted to have both a stabilizing and destabilizing effect depending on the physical

system.

(6832) ABSORPTION INTO A FLUID LAYER: STABILITY AND

THE ONSET OF CONVECTION.

(b) U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Office of Saline

Water

.

(c) J.A. Q\ainn, 297 East Chemistry Building, Univ.

of Illinois.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) A basic investigation of the transient nature

of buoyancy-driven convection. The growth and

magnitude of the convection flow accompanying

the absorption of a soluble gas into qmescent

liquid is measured with a schlieren technique.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics

Lab., Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,

Urbana, Illinois 61801

Address inquiries on projects 2536, 3*4-27, 5777, 5778,

5779, 6139, 6lkO to Prof. J.M. Robertson, 125 Talbot

Lab.; on projects klk-3, ij-559, 6lkZ, GlkS to Prof. M.

E. Clark, 123 Talbot Lab., Univ. of Illinois.

(2536) STUDY OF HOMOLOGOUS TURBULENCE.

(b) Laboratory project; formerly National Science

1+8
Foimdation.

d) Basic research.

e) The nature of turbulence (its production and

dissipation) is heing studied in the simplest

possi"ble shear flow-plane Couette flow where

the shear is constant and the turbulence

homogeneous but not isotropic. Mean-flow

stiiiies essentially complete.

(f) Suspended.

(h) Paper in progress.

(3i4-2T) STRUCTOKE OF TURBULENCE liEAR ROUGH SURFACES.

(b) Naval Ship Systems Comm. , General Hydromechanics

Research Program.

(d) Basic research; experimental.

(e) Information on mean-flow and turbulence

structure near roughnesses being studied in an 8-inch "natural roughness" pipe and in

3-inch sand-rouighened pipe.

(h) "Turbulence Structure near Rough Surfaces,"

J.M. Robertson and J.D. Martin, AIAA Jour.,

Vol. i4-, pp. 2214-2-2245, Dec. I966.

{hXk2) TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW TOWARDS A NORMAL

STEP.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Basic research.

(e) An analytical and experimental study is being

made of upstream separation, i.e., the real

fluid behavior (separation, mixing, reattachment) in front of a normal step projecting

inward from a plate along which fluid is

flowing with a tiorbulent boundary layer. Air

is fluid medium being used.

(g) First phase of study completed; in one case rather good agreement was found between

theoretical solution and experimental observation of separation streamline.

{klkS) HEMODYNAMICS SIMILITUDE STUDY OF AN ARTERIAL

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.

(b) Public Health Service, National Insts. of

Health, Research Grant No. HEO833O-O2.

(d) Basic research; experimental.

(e) The flow of blood in the Circle of Willis--

the axterial distribution system for the

brain--is to be studied utilizing large-sized

models. Present goal is to fabricate a model

which will simulate in as many ways as possible

the prototype and its flow.

(g) Solutions to cerebral circulation problems are being sought via simulation techniq.ues using

rigid vessel-steady flow and flexible vesselpulsatile flow models. The current aim is to develop a better engineering understanding of

pulsatile flow in flexible vessel networks

both analytically (via impedance methods) and

ejcperimentally (via latex tube networks pulsed

sinusoidally) . Networks that both branch and

loop are being studied to assess the importance

of these aspects to physical and physiological

problems

.

(h) "Simulation Studies of Factors Influencing the

Cerebral Circulation," M.E. Clark, W.A. Himwich,

and J.D. Martin, Acta Neurologica Scandinavica,

Vol. 1^3, l89-20it, 1967.

"Forerunners of a Pulsatile Flow Flexible

Vessel Model of the Circle of Willis," M.E. Clark and M.L. Roller, Digest of the 7th Intl. , Conf. on Medical and Biological Engrg. Stot k- holm, Sweden, A-ug. 1967-

"The Simulation of Physiological Impedance Using

Lumped and Distributed Fluid Elements," M.L. Roller and M.E. Clark, Proc . , Engrg. Mech. Div.

Spec. Conf., ASCE, pp. illl-l+ij-O, Oct. 1)66.

U9

(Jj-JSg) FLOW STABILITY AND HEAD LOSS IN BRANCHED TUBES.

(b) Public Health Service, National Insts. of

Health, Research Grant No. HEO833O-O2.

(d) Basic research; experimental.

(e) In conjunction with a model study of the Circle

of Willis--the arterial distribution system

for the brain—a need was felt for a better

understanding of the stability of viscous

flows thro-ugh certain types of junctions as well as the amo^mt of head loss which occurs. A series of bifurcations and fusions of rigid,

circular tubes are being studied to gain this

understanding

.

(f) Suspended.

(5777) THREE DIMENSIONAL EFFECTS IN TUREOMACHINERY.

(b) Caterpillar Tractor Co.

(d) Basic research, experimental and analytical,

for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Radial inward flow system studied in terms of

base flow, boundary layer and secondary flow

occurrences.

(f) Study completed.

(g) Non-rotating test rig with some features of

rotating system simulated by adjiostment in

blade contours to give same absolute flow paths

on assumption of no separation. An unexpected

flow separation was foimd on blade suction

surface. This was not predictable by ordinary

two-dimensional boundary- layer analysis and

was found not to be due to secondary flows,

although such were present. Methods of

secondary flow prediction are extended to predict their development from growing boundary

on channel side walls.

(h) "Blade Channel Flow in a Simulated Radial-Flow

Turbomachine, " R.C. Hansen, Ph.D. thesis, TAM

Dept. Univ. of Illinois, June I967, TAM Rept.

297, July 1967.

(5778) BODY DRAG AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Basic analytical and experimental research.

(e) Except for flat plate, analytical drag relations

are available only in the creeping motion and

boundary layer regimes. Experimental data is

available only for a few other bodies in the

intermediate (Navier-Stokes) range. Objective

of study is to help fill this gap.

(g) Use of coordinate-type expansions for treating

low Reynolds number flow past cylinders is

found to be of some utility and promise.

Expansions valid near the body and at large

distances are joined in terms of a matching

parameter and a flow parameter.

(h) "Analytical Study of Flow Past a Circular

Cylinder at Low Reynolds Numbers," T.J-M Kim,

Ph.D. Thesis in TAM, Univ. of Illinois, 1967-

(5779) UNIQUE ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSIONS IN THE THEORY OF

HYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. Leland K. Shirely, 3lk Talbot Lab.,

Univ. of Illinois.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Asymptotic approximations of certain functions

which occur in hydrodynamic stability are being

studied with reference to their \iniq.ueness; error bounds for such approximations are being

studied also.

(g) Have obtained explicit representations for

functions which satisfy the differential

eqmtions pertinent to the stability theory and

which have asymptotic approximation identically

equal to zero.
(6139) LOKGITUDimL CUEVATUBE EFFECTS ON TUKBULENT

BOUNmRY lAYER.

(b) Caterpillar Tractor Co, Grant.

(dj Basic; experimental and analytical.

(e) Bovindary curvature in flov direction causing

pressure difference between wall and edge of

layer is known to affect laminar boundary

layer and there is some suggestion of its

effect on turbulent layers. Flow of a turbulent

layer of several thicknesses along a circi^Lar

surface is being studied to evaluate the occurrences.

(6lkO) TURBULENT FLOW IN ECCENTRIC ANNULI.

(b) ASCE Research Study for Fed. Water Pollution

Control Admin.

(d) Experimental and analytical.

(e) Interest is in effect of "inserted pipe on flow capacity of a sewer." Ejcperiments have

involved concentric and eccentrically located

1 in. and 2 in. (OD) pipes in 6 in. line.

Analysis involves more details and effects of

different surface roi;ighnesses

.

(g) Effect of eccentricity is marked. At full

eccentricity friction factor may be reduced

to 0.65 of concentric value depending on

insert size.

(h) "Turbulent Friction in Eccentric Annular

Conduits," J.M. Robertson, TAM Report (now

being coinpleted).

(6llj-l) VAPOR FORMATION DURING WATER HAMMER.

bj National Science Foundation,

c) Prof. C.E. Bowman, 2l8 Talbot Lab., Univ. of

Illinois.

(d) Basic analytical and experimental research.

(e) This research was undertaken to develop a rational explanation for the large difference

in amplitude and diiration of the positive and

negative components of a pressure surge in pipe

lines in which the nominal pressure is much

less than the amplitude of the surge component.

(g) Thermodynamic concepts are introduced to explain the pressure-time-relationship observed d\aring water hammer when the pressure

in the fluid drops to its vapor pressure. The

presence of vapor in a laboratory system has

been verified experimentally and the volime of

the vapor cavity has been compared to the

computed value.

(h) Report in preparation.

(6li^2) WAVE REFLECTIONS IN BRANCHED FLEXIBLE CONDUITS.

(b) National Insts. of Health Grant-HE O833O.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) St-udy of the reflection of oscillatory pressure

waves at a bifurcation in a flexible tube

filled with a viscous liquid. The analysis is

general in nature and is applicable to other

types of system discontinuities. Measurements

involve a parallel fluid transmission line

technique.

(g) Mean flow and kinetic energy contributions are found to be significant in this type of flow

situation. Measurements correlate well with

theory for several junction configurations

including area ratio and angula,ration changes.

(h) "An Extension to the Theory of Wave Reflections,"

J.D. Martin, Trans. ASME Biomed. Fluid Mechs.

Symp. , April I966.

"Theoretical and Experimental Analyses of Wave

Reflections in Branched Flexible Conduits,"

J.D. Martin and M.E. Clark, Proc, Engrg. Mech.

Div. Spec. Conf., ASCE, p. hhl-k^T , Oct. I966.

50

"A Viscoelastic Correction to the Coniplex

Propagation Via Pressxire-Displacement

Experiments," J.D. Martin and M.E. Clark, Proc. 19th Ann. Conf., Engrg. in Med. and

Biol., Vol. 11^, Nov. 1966.

(6ll4-3) ABNORMALITY DETECTION IN THE CEREBRAL

CIRCULATION VIA FLUID IMPEDANCE CHANGES.

(b) St. Paul-Ramsey Hospital, St. Paul, Minn.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(e) Diagnostic investigations of the cerebral

circulation would be enhanced if not only the

presence of system abnonnalities but their

severity and clinical significance co\ald be

evaluated. Such abnormalities give rise to pressure and flow reflections and since fluid

impedance relates pulsatile pressure to flow,

changes in impedance can be used to detect and

evaluate their presence. Experimental and

computer models of systems containing stenoses,

aneurysms, and other discontinuities have been

studied and recognition patterns have been

developed from impedance resiilts.

(h) "Abnormality Detection via Impedance Changes,"

M.E. Clark, S.L. Hawkes, and G.F. Ayala, Proc. 20th Ann. Conf., Engrg. in Med. and Biol.,

Boston, Nov. 196?.

umVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, Hydraulic Engineering Lab.,

Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Urbana, 111. 6I8OI

Inquiries concerning all projects should be addressed

to Dr. V.T. Chow, Prof, of Hydraulic Engrg., Univ. of

Illinois, unless otherwise indicated.

(h'ykj,) WATER RESOURCES SYSTEM ANALYSIS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical; basic reseaxch.

(e) Operations research techniques are used to optimize water resottrces systems for the

planning and development of water projects.

Mathematical models and simulation were used,

involving Monte Carlo methods, Markov-chain

models, and linear and dynamic programmlngs.

A study on similarity between rail transport

system and water resources system has been

completed.

(g) A hydroeconomlc analysis to optimize a multip-urpose project is now being investigated.

Study of the reservoir design is made by using

queueing theory through the use of the

sequentially generated stochastic input flow

information.

Additional research during the year was made

to investigate the similarity between rail

transport system and water resources system.

Beginning with the nature of inputs and the

physical formation of the systems, the

comparable structures in two systems were

studied. To each system, basic components

such as the dams and reservoirs in the water

resources system and the yards in the railroad system, were identified and their uses

were compared. The nature of flow in the

systems, particularly the different types of

flow, was also investigated. Finally modifications and assumptions were discussed in

order to equate the two systems for piarposes

of comparative analysis.

(^^906) BASIC INVESTIGATION ON WATERSHED HYDRAULICS.

(b) National Science Foundation research project.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) To investigate the basic laws governing the
flow of surface water over drainage basins "by controlled experiments on geometric basins.

By controlling the various factors Involved in

the mechanics of flow, the experimental data so obtained can be more amenable to theoretical

analyses for the determination of the basic

laws. A laboratory watershed experimentation

system (WES) of Integrated hydraulic, electronic, and structural design' has been developed to study the relationship of rainfall

input and runoff output of an artificial watershed. The WES can produce a stonn of variable

time and space distribution moving across the

watershed in a req.mred direction as programmed on an electronic computer.

(g) During the past two years, the WES has been

constructed and improved. The roughness of

watersheds and the time of distribution of

riinoff were investigated.

(h) "Laboratory Study of Watershed Hydrology,

Ven Te Chow, Vol. 1, Proc. Intl. Hydrology

Symp., Fort Collins, Colo., Sept. 6-8, 196?

,

pp. 19^-202; also as Univ. of 111. Civil

Engrg. Studies, Hyd. Engrg. Series Wo. ih,

Sept. 1967.

"A Study of the Roughness of Conceptual River

Systems or Watersheds," T.E. Harbaugh and Ven

Te Chow, Proc. Xllth Congr., Intl. Assoc. for

Hyd. Research, Fort Collins, Colo., Sept.

II-II+, 1967, pp. 9-17; also as Univ. of 111.

Civil Engrg. Studies Hyd. Engrg. Series No.

15, Sept. 1967.

"Time Distribution of Runoff From Watersheds,"

T.E. Harbaugh, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of 111.,

1966.

(ij-908) THE FORCES CAUSED BY WAVES BREAKING AGAINST

VERTICAL IMPERVIOUS RIGID WALLS.

(b) Laboratory project; cooperative with U.S.

Army Engrs. Wateirways Experiment Sta.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research;

doctoral thesis (W.J. Garcia, Jr., directed by

Dr. V.T. Chow.)

(e) To formulate relations which will enable one

to determine pressures on impervious rigid

walls due to breaking waves with sufficient

accuracy to afford an economical and safe

design for sea walls and breakwaters; also to Investigate the variation of pressure on the

wall with respect to time and spatial distribution.

(g) During the years the experimental data were analyzed and a final report is in preparation.

(4909) A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF BA.SIN STORAGE ON

SURFACE RUNOFF HYDROGRAPHS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) To study the drainage basin taken as a Imped

hydrologic system. Assuming a general non- linear eq.uation for the basin storage and

combining it with the equation of continuity,

a differential equation for the system is formulated. The equation is quasi-linearized by

assTjming that the coefficients are functions

of the average Inflow and outflow of the

system. Solution of the resulting equation

produces four possible conceptml system

models depending on the nature of the roots of

the equation. Storms and the corresponding

outflow hydrographs over six natural drainage

basins varying from 7-16 to l.l^l-l sqioare miles

are analyzed by the proposed equation and

theory. From the results of the analysis it

is seen that three coefficients of the proposed equation vary with the outflow, thus

indicating nonlinear Ity, while the remaining

two coefficients do not change much and can

be assumed constant. A study of the variation of the three coefficients seems to indicate that they decrease exponentially with

the peak runoff. The storage equation derived

in this study is shown for use in flood routing

and it is proposed also for use in infiltration

analysis

.

(g) During the past two years, the nonlinear

equations are being solved by numerical

analysis on digital computers.

(14-910) PROBABILITY AND SYNTHETIC HYDROLOGY APPROACH

TO THE ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL-RUNOFF FREQUENCY

REIATIONSHIP.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) To treat the inflow Into a basin as a stochastic

input , the basin as a linear system, and the

outflow as the response of the basin to the

input and to investigate the stochastic behavior of the system by sequential generation

and simulation techniques.

(g) During the past two years, a preliminary study was made to use nonlinear basin systems.

(5289) STOCHASTIC HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF OCEAN

WAVE ACTIONS ON MOORED PIATFORM FOR UNDERWATER

MISSLE LAUNCHING.

(b) Laboratory project; cooperative with U.S.

Navy Civil Engrg. Lab,

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic and

applied research; doctoral thesis (by B.J. Muga directed by Dr. V.T. Chow).

(e) To analyze the motions and forces Induced by

Irregular waves on a construction type platform as moored in the open Pacific Ocean.

(g) Prototype and model tests are conducted on the platform, named "Fi shook, " which Is of the

catamaran design, having a displacement of 85O

tons. It is spread-moored by four 2-1/2 in.

stud link chains in 165 feet of water. Water

level fluctuations, ship rotations and

accelerations, mooring forces, and wind speed

and directions are measured. Both prototype

and model tests data are analyzed in the form

of amplitude response operations by the spectrum and cross-correlation analyses of the

complex time series histories. The results

are compared with the linear theory of ship

motion. Eqmtions of motion of the system,

for sinusoidal waves are formulated on the

basis of the slender body theory for 6 degrees

of freedom, taking into account both hydrostatic and hydrodynamic effects. The excitation functions and the various coefficients

in the equations are obtained for surges,

heaves, pitches, sways, rolls, and yaws. Solutions are also given to the forces in the

mooring cables and the horizontal force com- ponents and the yawing moment induced by the

mooring system on the platform.

(h) "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Motion

of a Barge as Moored in Ocean Waves," Bruce J. Muga, Univ. of 111. Civil Engrg. Studies,

Hyd. Engrg. Series No. I3, Jan. I967.

(5657) HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS BY ANALOG COMPUTERS,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Direct and indirect analog computers are used

for the analysis of hydrologic problems on surface and ground water. In the analysis of

surface water problems, the EAL PACE computer

51
of the Analog Computer Laboratory was employed

to route floods through linear as well as non- linear reservoirs. For the analysis of ground

water, resistance networks were designed and

analyzed for a numher of ground water regions.

The results will be recommended for use in the

design and planning of water resources systems.

(5660) MICROSCOPIC DETERMimTION OF TE?ACTIVE FORCE

DISTRIBUTION IK FREE-SURFACE WATER CONVEYANCES-

(b) Office of Water Resources Research grant.

(c) Prof. H.G. Wenzel, Jr., Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Illinois.

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) The classical ultramicroscopic approach has

been modified and developed for the determination of velocities within the viscoias sublayer in open channel flow. The technique

consists essentially of using a high-power

microscope and dark-field illumination to observe the movement of small neutrally

buoyant spheres suspended in the flow. Highspeed photography permits the determination

of the velocity of the spheres within the

small optical depth of field.

(g) A preliminary study of laminar flow has been

completed. Two-dimensional turbulent flow is

being studied. Tractive force and turb\ilence

data will be obtained.

(5661) INFLUENCE OF TURBULENCE ON SURFACE KEAERATION.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Prof. E.R. Holley, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Illinois.

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) Turb\ilence effects on surface reaeration rates

are being studied from at least two aspects:

(1) What is the turbulence condition near the

free surface of turbulent water, i.e., in the

region of the "surface film?" (2) What is the

mechanism by which turbulence influences the

rate of reaeration?

(g) An effort will be made to combine the theories

of molecular diffusion and turbulent diffusion

to describe the way that oxygen, which has been

absorbed at the free surface, penetrates into

the turbulent eddies for subsequent transport

away from the surface. The initial phase of

the experimental work centers arovind measure- ment of turbulence conditions near the free

surface, the gross rate of oxygen absorption,

and the gradients of dissolved oxygen for some analogous substance near the free surface.

(6187) MECHANICS OF SURFACE RUNOFF.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research.

(e) Basic mechanics of flow of surface water over artificial basins was studied by controlled

experiments using a watershed experimentation

system and by hydrodynamic analysis. The

roughness of a conceptual river system was investigated considering the drainage basin as a quasi-linear distributed dynamic system which

was represented by a set of quasi-linear partial

differential equations based on continuity and

momentum. The conceptual ro\;ighness was found

to be sensitive to depth of flow and raindrop

impact on the laboratory basin,

(g) During the past year the analysis of the distributed dynamic system was completed and the

results were verified by experimental findings.

Under this project a supplemental watershed

experimentation system was also designed and

constructed for experimental purposes.

(6188) AN INVESEGATION OF THE REYNOLDS AND WEBER

CRITERIA.

bj National Science Foundation,

c) Prof. W.H. C. Maxwell, Dept. of Civil Engrg,,

Univ. of Illinois.

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) A modified interpretation of the Reynolds and

Weber numbers is being examined analytically

and experimentally. Experiments on spilling

flows over a variety of vertical channel

obstructions are being made, using additives

to alter the surface tension and viscosity of

water. The goal is to examine the dependence

of discharge coefficients on siarface tension

and viscous effects in order to determine a criterion for the lower limit on the scale of

model tests which is independent of geometry.

(g) Preliminary experiments indicated the need for

a substantial increase in the accuracy of data

used in the determination of discharge co- efficients. Consequently, a special channel

was constructed, incorporating a movable

skimming weir in the head box to minimize

fluctuations in water level, and with a diversion system to permit direct weighing of

discharges.

(6189) BASIC STUDY OF JET FLOW PATTERNS RELATED TO

STREAM AND RESERVOIR BEHAVIOR.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Prof. W.H.C. Maxwell; see (6188) above.

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) The velocity patterns and spreading characteristics of a water jet introduced horizontally

in the proximity of the free surface of a

reservoir are being investigated. The flow

pattern represents an idealized model applicable to such problems in reservoir and river

mechanics as the design of siphon spillway

outlets and discharge outlets for navigation

locks, the behavior of sediment- laden streams entering reservoirs, and low-flow augmentation

for improving water quality.

(g) The flow patterns were found to be quite

different from those for a deeply submerged

jet. The maximum velocity moves upward as the

flow proceeds downstream and eventually

reaches the free surface. The lower part of

the velocity distribution closely resembles

that for a deeply submerged jet, whereas, the

upper part is modified by wave action at the

free siirface. As a result there is increased

spreading of the flow pattern at the free

surface. A nearby intake was found to have

negligible influence on the flow pattern. The

velocities induced in the region of the jet by

the intake are very low relative to those in

the jet itself. The jet discharge is con- centrated in a narrow conical form whereas the

intake gathers fluid from all directions. The

results may be applied in the design of discharge outlets, siphon spillway outlets,

hydraulic breakwaters and in estimating

concentrations of pollutants, temperatures or velocity profiles downstream from outlets

when density differences are small.

(6190) BOUNDARY EFFECTS ON JET FLOW PATTERNS REIATED

TO WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION PROBLEMS.

(b) Office of Water Resowces Research.

(c) Prof. W.H.C. Maxwell; see (6188) above.

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) This experimental program will be divided into

two phases: (l) Collection and analysis of

52
further experimental data on velocity distributions downstream from a water jet introduced

horizontally heneath the free surface of a deep reservoir. The diameter of the jet, submergence of the jet and velocity of the efflux

from the jet will "be varied systematically to determine their Influence on the flow pattern.

(2) Velocity traverses will be taken of the

flow field downstream from a water jet introduced horizontally beneath the free surface

of a shallow reservoir. The diameter and submergence of the jet, velocity of effl\jx and

the vertical location and slope of the lower

fixed boundary will be varied systematically.

(6191) EFKECT OF RAIMDROP IMPACT AND SURFACE

ROUGHNESS ON SHEET FLOW.

bj Office of Water Resources Research,

c) Prof. E.G. Wenzel, Dept. of Civil Engrg,,

Univ. of Illinois.

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) The general objective of this research is to examine in detail both experimentally and

theoretically the mechanics of sheet flow.

This knowledge will be \jseful in improving

the design of urban drainage facilities where

this type of flow is common. More specifically the individual objectives are: (a) to investigate experimentally the effect of raindrop impact on sheet flow iising carefully

controlled laboratory rainfall, surface profile,

and runoff measurements, (b) to study in detail

the pressure fluctuations caused by raindrop

impact using pressure transducers and to cor- relate this work with the results of the first

objective (c) to study the effect of roughness

on sheet flow on a more thorough basis than has

been previously attempted and (d) to review the

existing theoretical relationships describing

sheet flow in the light of the experimental

results so that, if necessary, modified equations can be developed which will reflect the

true physical phenomenon.

IOWA INSTITUTE OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH , Univ. of Iowa,

Iowa City, Iowa 52240

(66) HYDROLOGIC STUDIES, RALSTON CREEK WATERSHED.

(b) Cooperative with the Agricultural Research

Service and U.S. Geological Survey.

(c) Prof. J.W. Howe, Dept. of Mechanics and

Hydraulics, Univ. of Iowa.

(d) Field investigation; applied research, and

M.S. theses.

(e) St\idy being made of relation between rainfall

and runoff over a small area. Discharge from

a 3-square-mile area measixred by U.S.G.S.;

rainfall records at five automatic recording

stations collected by Agricultural Research

Service. Continuous records since 19Qk of

precipitation, runoff, groundwater levels,

and vegetal cover.

(g) Yearly records available for examination at Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic Research.

(h) Reports prepared annually since 1924 available

in files at the Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research. Summary of 33-year record published

as Bull. 16 of the Iowa Highway Research Board

in I96I; available upon request from Iowa

Highway Commission, Ames, Iowa.

(67) COOPERATIVE SURFACE-WATER INVESTIGATIONS IN

IOWA.

(b) Cooperative with U.S. Geological Survey,

Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Weather

Bureau, IIHR, Graduate College.

(c) District Chief, Water Resources Div., U.S. Geol. S\irv., Iowa City, Iowa.

(d) Field investigation; collection of basic

stream- flow data.

(e) Stream-flow and sediment measuring stations

maintained throughout the State of Iowa co- operatively on a continuous basis . Records

collected by standard methods of U.S.G.S.

(g) Records of stream- flow and sediment discharge

computed yearly.

(h) Records contained in open-file reports

published annually, and in Water-Supply Papers

published at 5-year intervals , are available

from U.S. Geological Survey.

(73) MEASUREMENT OF TURBULENCE IN FLOWING WATER.

(b) Cooperative with Office of Naval Research, Dept.

of the Navy.

(c) Dr. John R. Glover, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic and

applied research.

(e) Instruments, primarily electrical in operation,

are being developed to measure the characteristics of turbulent flow over a wide range of

laboratory and field conditions. Both sensing

and computing elements are involved.

(g) Results obtained from hot wires coated with

urethane indicate that coated wires may be

used in liquids for a period of approximately

one hour befure experiencing the usually

encountered drift problems . The frequency

response of the coated wires has been found to be flat to at least 1 kHz. A vortex shedding

technique is used for this evaluation.

(h) "Old Gold Model, Type k-2R Hot-Wire Anemometer

and Type 2 Mean-Prodvict Computer," John R. Glover, IIHR Rept. No. 105, July I967.

(79) CAVITATION.

(b) Cooperative with Office of Naval Research,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. Hunter Rouse, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

and graduate theses.

(e) Basic information is sought on cavitation for

systematically varied boundary conditions.

Studies of cavitation in abrupt condiait ex- pansions are now being pursued.

(h) "Fluctuations of Press\ire in Conduit Expansions," Hunter Rouse and Vladimir Jezdinsky,

Jour. Hydr. Div., ASCE Vol. 92, No. HY3, Proc. Paper 48l5, May 1966, pp. 1-12.

"Jet Diff\;ision and Cavitation" (Freeman

Memorial Lecture), Hunter Rouse, Jour. Boston

Soc. Civ. Engr., Vol. 53 No. 3, JxrLy 1166,

pp. 255-271.

(1875) CHARACTERISTICS OF STABLE EDDIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Enzo 0. Macagno, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research.

(e) Distributions of pressure have been investigated

thro\;ighout the vicinity of separation zones produced at abrupt changes in flow section.

A study of laminar flow at two-dimensional and

axisymmetric conduit expansions has been undertaken by means of computational models,

(g) Analytical evaluations are now being carried

out for unsteady flow in an axisymmetric

53
flow expansion using implicit finite difference

schemes

.

(h) "Some New Aspects of Similarity in Hydraulics,"

E.O. Macagno, La Houllle Blanche, Vol. 20, No.

8, 1965.

"Effet d'un Changement Instantane de Viscosite

sur le Calcul d'un Tourbillon Laminarie, "TinKan Hung, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. 262,

March 28, I966.

"Fluctuation of Pressiire in Conduit Expansions,"

Hunter Rouse and Vladimir Jezdinsky, ASCE Jour. Hydraulics Div., HY3, i)-8l5. May 1966.

"Laminar Flow in Conduit Expansion, " Tin-Kan

Hung, Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Iowa,

A\jg. 1966, (available on loan).

"Laminar Eddies in a Two-Dimensional Conduit

Expansion," Tin-Kan Hung and E.O. Macagno,

La Houllle Blanche, Vol. 21, No. k, 1966.

"Computational Stability of Explicit Difference

Form of Equation for Viscous Fluid, " La Hoiiille

Blanche, No. 1, 196?, E. Macagno and T.K. Hung.

"Computational and Experimental Study of

Captive Annular Eddy," E.O. Macagno and T.K.

Hung, Jour. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 28, Part 1, 1967.

(2091) RESEARCH ON SHIP THEORY.

(b) Cooperative with Office of Naval Research and

Naval Ship Res. and Dev. Ctr.

(c) Dr. Louis Landweber, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) To determine the laws governing the forces,

moments, and motions of ships. Work is under

way on the foULowing problems: (l) development of procedure for computing potential

flow about ship forms; (2) higher-order

gravity wave theory for an immersed prolate

spheroid; (3) effect of tank size on shipmodel resistance; (k) resolution of viscous

and wave drag by means of wake and surfaceprofile measurements; (5) vibration of ships;

(6) effect of a dilute solution of guar-gum

on resistance.

(h) "Effect of Solutions of Guar-Gum in Water on

Shear Stress and Velocity Distributions in

Flow Through a Pipe," Jurgen Richter, M.S.

Thesis, Feb. 196?.

"Free-Surface Effects on Boundary-Layer

Separation on Vertical Struts," S.K. Chow,

Ph.D. Dissertation, June I967.

"Vibration Frequencies of a Free-Free

Cylindrical Beam of Finite Length Immersed in an Inviscid Fluid," Antonio Pita-Szczesniewski,

Ph.D. Dissertation, Aug. I967.

"Added Masses of Two-Dimensional Forms by

Conformal Mapping," L. Landweber and M. Macagno, Jour. Ship Research, June 1967.

"Vibration of a Flexible Cylinder in a Fluid,

L. Landweber, Jour. Ship Research, Sept. I967.

"Lagally's Theorem for Multlpoles," L. Landweber, Schiffstechnik, Bd. li+. Heft 70, Feb.

1967.

"Examination of Eggers' Relationship between

Transverse Wave Profiles and Wave Resistance,"

H.E. Kobus, Jour. Ship Research, Dec. I967.

'Experimental and Analytical Determination of

the Induced Drag due to Bilge Vortices," J.C.

Tatinclaiox, IIHR Rept., Nov. I966.

"influence of the Radius of Curvature on the

Drag Induced by Bilge Vortices," J.C.

Tatincla\jx, IIHR Rept. No. 102, Feb. I967.

"A Comparison of Three Methods for Computing

the Added Mass of Ship Sections," IIHR Rept.

No. 10i4-, April, 1967.

5h

"Determination of the Viscous Drag of a Ship

Model," T.S. Tzou and L. Landweber, IIHR Rept.

No. 101, March I967.

"Study of Eggers' Method for the Determination

of Wave-making Resistance," L. Landweber and

T.S. Tzou, IIHR Rept. IO3, April I967.

(2328) INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Dr. Emmett M. O'Loughlin, Iowa Inst, of

Hydraulic Research.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Flow near boundaries covered with uniformly

distributed roughness elements exhibits an approximately uniform layer of high-intensity

turbulence generated by the discrete roughness

elements. The region of high diffusivity is

being explored by means of velocity and tur- bulence measurements to relate the diffusion

characteristics of flow to the geometrical

configuration of roughened bo\mdary.

(Z^kl) DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTS FOR USE IN

ANALYZING APERIODIC SIGNALS.

(b) Cooperative with Office of Naval Research.

(c) Dr. John R. Glover, Iowa Inst, of Hydr, Res.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The purpose is to improve the analysis of un- steady-flow variables such as velocity and

pressure fluctuations.

(g) An IBM 1801 Data Acquistion and Analysis

System has been installed and is currently

being used to record and/or process experimental data in real time. Results from

preliminary studies indicate that large errors

exist in the measured spectral density

functions obtained by a spectrimi or wave

analyzer. A multiplier is being designed in

order to provide the instantaneous product

of two random signals so that the triple

product may be evaluated.

(h) "Mean-Product Mialtiplier , " John R. Glover,

Instruments and Control Systems, Vol. l+O, No. 8, Aug. 1967.

(3i4-28) MECHANICS OF BANK SEEPAGE IN NATURAL STREAMS

DURING FLOOD FLOWS.

(b) Cooperative with Iowa and U.S. Geological

Surveys

.

(c) Prof. J.W. Howe, Dept. of Mechanics and

Hydraulics, Univ. of Iowa.

(d) Field investigation, analytical, applied

research, for Ph.D. dissertation.

(e) Study of the various aspects of mechanics of

bank seepage and bank storage during fluctuations in stage of a stream,

(f) Completed.

(g) Six standard methods for determining T/S for

problems of bank seepage and bank storage were tested and compared. The range of values

found was relatively small. An analytical

model was developed that can be used to com- pute gro\md-water levels, bank seepage, and

bank storage from graphs of stream stage.

(h) "Mechanics of Bank Storage During Flood Flows,"

Earnest Christian Pogge, Ph.D. dissertation.

Dept. of Mechanics and Hydraulics, Univ. of

Iowa, 2hl p., 1966.

(3739) EDUCATIONAL FILMS ON THE MECHANICS OF FLUIDS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Hunter Rouse, Iowa Inst, of Hydra\alic

Research.

(e) Six 20-minute sound films in color are planned

to cover the following material: (l) An
introduction to the subject, stressing its

great treadth of coverage, the necessarily

close tie between theory and experiment, the

role of the scale model in engineering analysis

and design, and methods of flow measurement in

laboratory and field. (2) The source and significance of the fundamental principles of

continuity, momentum, and energy, and their

application to typical problems in many

professional fields. (3) Gravitational

phenomena, including jets, nappes, channel

transitions, waves, surges, and effects of

density stratification, (k) Effects of viscosity, exaaiples of laminar flow, characteristics of flmd turbulence, and problems of

surface resistance. (5) Form drag and lift,

and their application to propulsion and fluid

machinery. (6) Compressibility effects - water hammer, submarine signaling, gravitywa,ve and sound-wave analogies, and supersonic

drag.

(g) First five films of series, "lntrod\Ktion to the Study of Fluid Motion, " "Fundamental

Principles of Flow," "Flow in a Gravitational

Field," "Characteristics of Laminar and 'Tur- bulent Flow," and "Form Drag, Lift, and Propulsion, " now available from Audiovisual

Center, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Sixth film, "Effects of Fluid Compressibility,"

in preparation.

(37^0) HTORODymMICS OF FLUIDS UHDER CONDITIONS OF

RAPID ACCELERATION.

(b) Rock Island Arsenal, U.S. Army.

(c) Dr. Enzo 0. Macagno, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) Analytical techniques which are applicable to systems involving rapid acceleration of fluids

through constrictions or of solids through

fluids. Results will be expressed as lumpedconstant parameters similar to those used for

steady- flow phenomena.

(g) Additional field tests are performed, and the

results compared with those of analytical

solutions.

(h) "A Preliminary Analysis of the MlkO Recoil

Mechanism," A.D. Newsham, E.O. Macagno, and

T.K. Hung, Rept. to the Rock Island Arsenal,

Oct. 1966

"Sliding Friction and Steady-Discharge Co- efficient Effects on the Analysis of the

MX37 Recoil Mechanism," A.D. Newsham, E.O.

Macagno, and C.Y. Hung, Rept. to the Rock

Island Arsenal, Dec. 1965.

"Significance of Container Deformabllity in

the Analysis of Shock Absorbers," A.D. Newsham.

(Submitted for publication).

"A Preliminary Analysis of the Ml^+O Recoil

Mecnanism, " Arthur D. Newsham, Enzo 0. Jfecagno,

and Tin-Kan Hung, IIHR Rept. No. 100, Iowa

Inst, of Hydraulic Research, Univ. of Iowa,

Iowa City, Dec. I966.

{hlh'y) INTERFACIAL EFFECTS IN FLUID FLOW WITH DENSITY

STRATIFICATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Enzo 0. Macagno; see (37^0) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research and graduate

theses.

(e) Instability of two fluid layers of different

densities and viscosities flowing in the same direction.

(g) Analysis under way.

(1+97'+) TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WAKE OF A

BODY OF REVOLUTION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. E. Naudascher, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Measurements of the t\irbulence in the wake

of an ellipsoid mounted in an air tunnel to investigate the dynamics of the flow and the

fine structure of the turbulence.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Turbulence in the Wake of a Body of Revolution," R. Chevray, Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ.

of Iowa, June I967. (Available on loan).

(5321) PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS AT GATED OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Cooperative with U.S. Army Corps of Engrs.

(c) Dr. Eduard Naudascher; see (i+97'l-). (d) Experimental, basic research.

(e) Effects of shear-layer instability on the

spectral distribution and the intensity of

pressure fluctuations that may induce gate

vibrations are being investigated for various

gate and conduit geometries, including effects

of cavitation and hydroelastic control.

(h) "Pressure Fluctuations in the Vicinity of

Normal Walls of Variable Thickness," J.C.

Tatinclaux, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Iowa,

Feb. 1966 (available on loan). "Pressure Fluctuations in Cavitating Flow

Past a Wall," Y-H Chu, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of

Iowa, Feb. I967 (available on loan).

"Some Characteristics of Macro-Turbulence in

Flow Past a Normal Wall," F.A. Locher and E. Naiidascher, Proc. 12th Congr., Intl. Assoc.

Hydr. Res., Fort Collins, Colo., I967, Vol.

2, No. B37.

(5906) SCALE EFFECTS IN MODEL TESTS OF ROCK-PROTECTED

STRUCTURES.

(b) Iowa Highway Research Board.

(c) Dr. E.M. O'Loughlin, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To define quantitatively the influence of the

viscous forces which result in imperfect

similarity between the behavior in the model

and in the prototype of rock protection around

structures. Special emphasis is being placed

upon observations of the spectral distributions

of pressure fluctuations in the scoiar hole.

(g) Rate of scour caused by a horizontal jet discharging over a movable bed of spherical glass

beads has been measured in geometrically

similar structures at six different scales.

The development of scour may be predicted on

the basis of the Froude criterion for dynamic

similarity for the larger scales. Viscous

effects in the smaller models cause a decrease

in the rate of scour.

(5907) SELF-PRESERVATION TENDENCY IN TURBULENT SHEAR

FLOWS.

(b) Cooperative with Office of Naval Research,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. Eduard Naudascher; see (k-S'Jk) above.

(d) Analytical; basic research.

(e) Shear flows not exhibiting self-preservation

in the conventional sense are analyzed on the

basis of a new self-preservation concept.

(h) "On a General Similarity Analysis for Turbulent

Jet and Wake Flows," E. Naudascher, IIHR Rept.

No. 106, 1967.

55
( 5908) EFFECTS OF TURBULENCE AND CURVI LINEARITY ON

STRATIFIED FLOW.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Enzo 0. Macagno, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

and graduate theses.

(e) The effects of curving an otherwise stable

density-stratified flow are being investigated

experimentally. A layer of fresh water and a

layer of salt water are used in a study of a

Karman confined flow induced by a rotating

disk. Stratified flow through a bend is also

under study. A computational model of flow

with continuous stratification is being set up.

(g) Experimental observations are being performed

with a conductivity probe and a hot-wire

anemometer of the flow through a bend.

(h) "Effects of Curvilinearity on Stratified

Flows," C.A. Alonso, M.S. Thesis, June 196?,

( avai]-able on loan) . "The Stability of a Stratified Flow," J.B. Hinwood, Jour. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 29,

Part 2, 11 Aug. 196?

.

(5909) ENERGY TRANSPORT AND DISSIPATION IN VISCOUS

FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Enzo 0. Macagno; see (5908) above.

(d) Analytical; basic research and graduate

theses

.

(e) Analysis of laminar steady and unsteady flows

from the viewpoint of the energy transport

and dissipation.

(g) A study of computer solutions of flow in a two-dimensional expansion has shown that the

integrated form of the energy equation can be

reduced to three terms, the other two being

negligible

.

(h) "Transporte y Disipacion de Energia en Fluidos

Viscosos," E.O. Macagno and C. Quevedo, II Latinamerican Congr. on Hydraulics, July 1966.

"Pressure, Bernoulli S\im, and Momentiim and

Energy Relations in a Laminar Zone of Separation, " E.O. Macagno and T.K. Hung, Physics of

Fluids, Jan. I967.

"A Computational Investigation of ImpulsivelyGenerated Eddies," Tin-Kan Hung, 12th Congr.

Intl. Assoc. Hydraulic Res., Vol. 2, p. 3^5,

Fort Collins, Colo., Sept. 1967.

(5910) STUDY OF DYMMIC FORCES ON FIASHBQARDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. J.W. Howe, Dept. of Mechanics and Hydraulics, Univ. of Iowa.

(d) Analytical.

(e) Analysis of results of various previous

investigations

.

(f) Completed.

(g) A family of curves relating a moment parameter

and a submergence parameter for flow over a

standard parabolic spillway shape, as well as discharge coefficients for the flashboard

mounted on such a spillway are presented.

(h) "Overturning Moments on a Flashboard Mo-unted on a Parabolic Spillway Crest," Alberto

Lizarralde, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Iowa,

Feb. 1962.

(5911) EFFECT OF TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS UPON

REGISTRATION OF THE PRICE CURRENT METER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(cS Prof. J.W. Howe; see (5910) above.

(d) Experimental.

(e) Correlation of turbulence characteristics with

variation of current meter registration.

(f) Completed.

(g) Error due to both Intensity and scale of

turbulence established in range tested.

(h) "Effect of Turbulence Characteristics upon

Registration of the Price Current Meter,"

Min Hsiung Yang, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Iowa.

Feb. 1967.

(6351) FLOW-INDUCED EXCITA.TION OF LOW-CREST SPILLWAY.

(b) U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.

(c) Dr. Eduard Naudascher, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The fluctuating, hydroelastic load that may

excite a spillway on elastic foundation to vibrate in a rocking and bobbing mode is being

measured for heads between one and five times

the spillway height.

(6352) THE USE OF PROBABILITY IN PREDICTION OF RUNOFF FREQUENCY AND IN PREDICTION OF INFILTRA- TION FREQUENCIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. J.W. Howe; see (5910) above.

(d) Analytical.

(e) Rainfall and infiltration frequencies combined

to produce rimoff frequency on basis of probabilities. Comparison with observed runoff

frequencies on two streams having rainfall

and runoff records of some 60 years.

(f) Completed.

(g) Computed and observed frequencies agree

reasonably well except on largest floods.

(h) "The Use of Probability and Statistics in

Prediction of Runoff Frequency Based on Precipitation and Infiltration Frequencies,"

Chun-Yo Shen, M.S. Thesis, Feb. I967.

(6353) RECESSION CHARACTERISTICS OF IOWA STREAMS.

(b) Iowa State Water Resources Research Inst.

(c) Prof. J.W. Howe; see (5910) above.

(d) Analytical.

(e) Recession coefficients of Iowa determined for

all low-water periods of 10 days or greater

duration.

(f) First phase completed.

(g) Recession coefficients for each summer month

show good consistency and uniformity.

(635^1-) SEDIMENT TRANSPORTATION AND RESISTANCE TO

FLOW IN ALLUVIAL-CHANNEL BENDS.

(b) Iowa State Water Resources Research Inst.

(c) Dr. Emmett M, O'Loughlln, Iowa Inst, of

Hydraiilic Research.

(d) Experimental; basic research for Ph.D. dissertation and M.S. thesis.

(e) The mechanics of sediment transporting flows

through an erodible-bed open-channel bend is

being studied to determine the relationship

between the fluid-flow description, channel

geometry, sediment transport rate, and bend

resistance. Total sediment load, and the

parameters describing the statistical distribution of bed forms throughout the bend

and in the straight reaches between successive

bends are being measured, and are being com- pared with data of the same type obtained with

nominally identical flow conditions in a

straight fl\ime.

A second phase of the study is concerned with

the difference which exists between the

resistance to flow of an erodible-bed river

56
tend and the resistance in a tend of similar

planimetric geometry but with a fixed cross

section. The longitudinal force associated

with the deformed bed configuration is to be

analyzed by computing the integral of the

pressure forces on the bed and walls of the

channel.

(h) "Bed Configuration and Characteristics of

Subcritical Flow in a Meandering Channel,

Chin-Lien Yen, Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of

Iowa, Feb. 1967 (available on loan).

"Areal Variations of Bed-Form Characteristics

in Meandering Streams," E.M. 0'Lo\;ighlin and

D. SqTJarer, 12th Congr. Intl. Assoc. Hydr.

Res., Ft. Collins, Colo., I967.

(6355) SIMUIATIOW OF RED CELL DEFORMATION IW THE

CAPILLARIES.

(bj National Institutes of Health.

(c) Arthur R. Giaquinta, Research Assoc., Iowa

Inst, of Hydraulic Research.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; doctoral

dissertation.

(e) Investigations of the deformation of largescale models of red cells in a creeping flow,

characterizing the fluid mechanics of

capillary blood flow, are being made. This

system will also be simiilated mathematically,

and the numerical results will be correlated

with the experimental results with the final

goal of obtaining a numerical model of red

cell deformation in the capillaries.

(6356) NONLINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN

TRANSPORT PROCESSES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.F. Ames, Dept. of Mechanics and Hydraulics, Univ. of Iowa.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Ifethematical investigation of equations resulting from similarity analyses of fluid flow,

diff\ision, heat conduction and other transport processes. Methods of modern algebra

are extensively used.

(g) First integrals of some basic equations have

been developed using continuous transformation

groups

.

(h) "Similarity Variables and First Integrals of

Ordinary Differential Equations," Intl. Jour. Nonlinear Mechanics, Vol. 2, 257, I967.

"Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Eqijiations in

Transport Processes," Academic Press, 270

pages, Jan. 1968.

(6357) DEVELOPMENT OF SIMILARITY VARIABLES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.F. Ames; see (6356) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research and gradtiate

theses.

(e) Development of continuous transformation

groups and their invariants (which are the

similarity variables) for a variety of fluid

problems

.

(g) The natural similarity variables for source diffusion problems and heat transfer in non- newtonian (power law) flow have been developed.

(h) "Similarity Solutions for Non-Newtonian

Fluids, " A.I. Ch.E. Jour., Vol. 12, 7OO, I966.

"Similarity for the Nonlinear Diffusion

Equation," Ind. and Eng. Chem. Fund, Vol. k,

72, 1965.

(6358) AD-HOC METHODS FOR NONLINEAR PARTIAL DIFFER- ENTIAL EQUATIONS.

(b) Natl. Science Found, and laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.F. Ames; see (6356) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research and graduate

thesis

.

(e) Development and utilization of a "method of

splitting" and functional methods for developing new solutions to nonlinear equations of

fluid mechanics.

(g) A new solution, applicable to porous flow

through a flat plate, of the Navier Stokes

equations has been obtained by a method of

splitting.

(h) "Ad-hoc Exact Techniques for Nonlinear Partial

Differential Equations, " in Nonlinear Partial

Differential Equations - Methods of Solution

(ed. W.F. Ames), p. 55, Oct. I967, Academic

Press

.

(6359) TURBULENCE STRUCTURE OF FLOW BEHIND A GRID.

(bj Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. E. Naudascher, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Analytical; basic research.

(e) Extension of analytical work on grid turbulence

contained in the paper: "Flow in the Wake of

Self-Propelled Bodies and Related Sources of

Turbulence," E. Naudascher, Jo\ar, Fluid

Mechanics, Vol. 22, Part k, 1965.

(6360) TURBULENCE STRUCTURE OF A JET IW AN AMBIENT

STREAM.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. E. Naudascher; see (6359) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The turbulence structure of a round jet in a

coaxial stream is being investigated experimentally. Use of a high-speed digital

computer for real-time evaluation of the auto- correlation function and its Fourier transform,

the power- spectral density, will permit a check upon the accuracy of data obtained with

standard analog instrumentation.

(6361) COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. E.O. Macagno, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Analytical; basic research and gradmte theses.

(e) Unsteady, uniform, and non-uniform non- Newtonian

flows are being studied by means of computational models based on discretizations of

the corresponding differential eqmtions.

(g) Unsteady uniform flows between parallel plates

and through circular and annular conduits have

been analyzed for fluids with time-independent

relations between stress and rate of strain.

Creeping non-Newtonian flow is also being

analyzed for the case of a two-dimensional

conduit expansion.

(h) "Ecoulement Uniforme non-Permanent avec Viscosite non Newtonienne, " E.O. Jfecagno, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. 262, May 16, I966.

"Unsteady Non-Newtonian Flow in Conduits

,

E.O. Macagno, Engrg. Mechanics Div. Specialty

Conf., ASCE, Washington, D.C., Oct. 12-lk,

1966. (Abstract published, paper under preparation) . "Slow Motion of Non- Newtonian Fluids in a Zone

of Separation," Arthur R. Giaquinta and TinKan Hung, submitted for publication.

"Establishment of Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow

Between Coaxial Rotating Cylinders," (in

French), E.O. Macagno and A. Pujol, Comptes

Rend-us Acad. Sci., Paris, Vol. 261+, Jan. 1967-

57
(6362) TURBULENT MIXING OF DENSITY STRATIFIED LIQIKDS.

(h) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. E. Naudascher and Dr. John F. Kennedy,

Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic Research.

(dj Experimental and analytical; basic research.

(e) Density profiles and turbulence intensities

are being measured behind a towed grid passing

through an initially density-stratified liq.uid,

with the aim of determining the influence of

the density stratification on the turbulence

intensity and tiurbulent mixing, the degree of

stratification recovery at various distances

behind the grid, and the correlation between

turbulent velocity and salinity fluctuations.

(g) An instrumentation system has been designed

and developed to meas^lre the mean value and

turbulent fluctuations of salinity concen- tration at fixed distances behind the towed

grid. Coated hot wires have been developed for

measurement of turbulence velocities. Experiments with initially two-layered fluids have

shown a strong effect of density gradient on

la.teral mixing.

(6363) COUAPSE OF MIXED REGIONS IN DENSITY- STRATIFIED LIQUIDS.

(b^ Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Prof. William F. Ames and Dr. John F. Kennedy,

Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic Research.

(d) Analytical; basic research.

(e) A numerical finite difference scheme is being

developed to describe the profile of an

initially circular region of constant density

as it collapses in a surrounding liquid with

arbitrary density stratification. Experimental

verification of the solution will be sotight.

(g) A numerical solution for the case of linear

stratification outside the mixed region and

potential flow within it has been obtained.

The shape of the initially circular region

diiring collapse is approximately elliptical.

The vertical collapse occurs q^uite rapidly,

the height of the mixed region being reduced to half of its initial value in about two characteristic time units (based on the Vaisala.

frequency) for an external gradient of 0.0155

l/ft. Solutions are now being developed for

the case of viscous motion within the mixed

region, and for the approximately one-dimensional motion that occurs at the later stages

of collapse.

(6361^) FREE SURFACE SHEAR FLOW OVER A WAVY BOUNDARY.

(bj Surface Water Branch, U.S. Geol. Survey.

(c) Dr. John F. Kennedy, Iowa Inst, of Hydraulic

Research.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research.

(e) Analytical and experimental investigation of

the velocity and pressure distributions, sur- face configuration, and boundary stress distribution of subcritical and supercritical

free surface flows over a rigid bed of

sinusoidal fomi.

(g) Experiments have been completed with two different beds, with wave lengths of 1.0 and 1.5

ft., wave heights of O.O68 and O.O5 ft. respectively. The predictor developed by Kennedy and

Iwasa for the sjnplitude ratio of and phase

shift between the bed and surface waves has

been verified. The measured velocity profiles

have revealed that the form of the velocity

profiles varies widely along each wave length.

Phase shifts have been observed between the

variation of bed shear stress and the bed

amplitvide. The ranges of occurrence of the

various surface configurations have been

delineated.

(h) "Free Surface Shear Flow Over a Wavy Boundary,"

Y. Iwasa and J.F. Kennedy, J. Hyd. Div., Proc. ASCE, No. HY2, March 1968.

(6365) THE STRUCTURE OF TURBULENT FLOW IN A WAVY

BOUNDARY CIRCUIAR PIPE.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. John F, Kennedy; see {636k-) above.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research.

(e) An experimental investigation of the turbulence

array and the velocity, pressure, and shear

stress distributions of turbulent flow in a

circular pipe whose diameter varies sinusoidally along its length. The primary aim is to establish the magnitude of the phase shifts

between the flow characteristics and the

boundary geometry.

(g) Experiments in two different wavy-wall pipes

have been completed. The mean pipe diameter

is five inches, the wave height 0.220 inches,

and the wave lengths of 10 and 20 inches.

The form of the velocity profile has been

found to vary radically along a wave length,

the value of n in the power-law distribution

ranging from about 6 to 22. In a central core both the mean and turb\ilent quantities appear

to be little affected by the boundary waviness;

the major effects are confined to the neighborhood of the boundary. The shear- stress

variation is shifted about 0.1 wave length

upstream with respect to the boundary wave, the exact value depending on the boundary

geometry.

(6366) DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSOR FOR SUSPENDED SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION.

(b) Coastal Engrg. Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Dr. John Glover and Dr. John F. Kennedy, Iowa

Inst, of Hydraiolic Research.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The development of a small light source and

sensor which can be used to measure the

turbulent fluctuations of suspended sediment

concentration in a turbulent flow. An attempt

will be made to obtain simultaneous measurements of the turbulent velocity fluctrntions

,

and to correlate these with the concentration

fluctuations.

(6617) FRICTION FACTORS FOR FLOW IK SAND BED CHAITOELS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. John S. Kennedy; see (636*4-) above.

(d) Analytical; basic research.

(e) A prediction for the friction factor of

alluvial channel flows in the flat bed regime

is being developed from an examination of field

and laboratory data. The goal is to improve

the depth-discharge prediction for all regimes

of alluvial channel flow.

(g) A graphical relation has been developed for

prediction of the friction factor in terms of

the relative sand grain roughness and the flow

Reynolds number.

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Agricultural Engrg.,

Ames, Iowa 5OOIO

Inquiries concerning projects 015W, Ol6W, OI7W and

020W should be addressed to Dr. H.P. Johnson, Dept.

of Agricultural Engrg.; and concerning OlBW, OI9W

and 5708, to Dr. C.E. Beer, Dept. of Agricultural
Engrg., Iowa State Univ.

(5708) SEDIMENT YIELD IN DEEP LOESS HILLS lAMD

RESOURCE AKEA..

(fa) Cooperative with Soil Conserv. Service and

Agric. Research Service, U.S. Dept. Agric

.

(d) Field investigation; applied research;

design.

(e) Sedimentation surveys have been made on a total

of 27 reservoirs in Western Iowa and Missouri.

The rate of deposition will he related to watershed, hydrologic and topographic variables

by statistical procedures.

(f) Conipleted.

(h) "Evaluation of Factors Affecting Reservoir

Sediment Deposition," C.W. Farnham, C.E. Beer

and H.G. Heinemann, Extract of Publ. No. 71,

Intl. Assoc. Scientific Hydrology, Symp. of

Garda, pp. 7^7-758, 1966.

"Evaluating Sedimentation Prediction Techniques in Western Iowa," C.E. Beer, C.W. Farnham and H.G. Heinemann, Trans. Am. Soc. Agr. Engr., Vol. 9, 828, 1966.

(OI5W) FIELD INVESTIGATIONS OF SUBSURFACE AND SURFACE

DRAINAGE. (Formerly No. 233O)

See Water Resources Research Catalog, Vol. 1,

Part 1, 3-170.

(016W) HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL WATERSHEDS.

(Formerly No. 2331)

See Water Reso-urces Research Catalog, i+.OOSO,

Vol. 2.

(OITW) PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF WATERSHEDS

AS RELATED TO SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION.

(Formerly No. 2331+)

See Water Resources Research Catalog, Vol. 1,

Part 2, 3.22.

(Ol8w) INVESTIGATIONS OF EROSION CONTROL AND WATER

CONSERVATION. (Formerly No. k913)

See Water Resources Research Catalog, k.OO'jd,

Vol. 2.

(OI9W) EVALUATION OF FLOOD DAMAGE TO CORN FROM

CONTROLLED DEPTH AND FREQUENCY OF FLOODING.

(Formerly No. 5707)

See Water Resources Research Catalog, 6.OI66,

Vol. 2.

(O2OW) PHYSICAL, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF COSTS

AMONG DRAINAGE DISTRICTS. (To be listed in

Water Resources Research Catalog)

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, Department of Agronomy , Ames, Iowa 5OOIO

For summaries of the following projects, refer

to Water Resources Research Catalog.

(012W) MOVEMENT OF WATER AND GASES IN SOIL. (Formerly

No. 3079)

(c) Dr. Don Kirkham.

(OI3W) MOISTURE MOVEMENT TO VERTICAL SINKS IN WATERSATURATED SOIL. (Formerly No. 5706)

(c) Dr. Don Kirkham.

(Olto) GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE PATTERNS TO WELLS FOR

UNCONFINED FLOW.

(c) Dr. Don Kirkham.

UmVERSITY OF IOWA, College of Engineering, Dept. of

Mechanical Engrg. , Iowa City, Iowa ^22^0

(6109) HEAT TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT FLOWS WITH INTERNAL

HEAT SOURCES.

(b) University of Iowa.

(c) Prof. J. Merle Trimmel, Dept. of Mechanical

Engrg., Univ. of Iowa.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Development of suitable experimental systems

permitting measurement of mean temperature

distribution, measurements in statistically

analogous systems.

(g) Measurements have been made on one flow geometry

with chemical internal heat generation and with

an analogous system. Measurements also have

been made on circular tube flow using the

analogy approach.

(h) "Analogy Between Steadily Heated Flow and Flow

with Internal Heat Generation," Barry K. Hankins,

M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Iowa, Aug. 1965-

(Available in library)

"Mean Temperature Distribution in Reacting

Turbulent Flow with Uniform Internal Heat

Generation," J.M. Trummel, Department Rept.

(6111) LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACIAL WAVES ON VERTICALLY

FLOWING FILMS FORMED BY A CONDENSING VAPOR.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Donald L. Spencer, Dept. of Mechanical

Engrg. , Univ. of Iowa.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The Reynolds number at the line of wave inception is being determined experimentally for

various conditions of condensation rate, con- denser length and siirface finish. Condensation

is on the outside of a vertical cylinder. The

vertical movement of the inception line with

changes in total condensation rate is being

determined, as well as indications of wave

regimes. The object is to determine the effect

of the waves on heat transfer.

(g) For a condensing saturated pure vapor, the

surface flow condition is divided into an upper

smooth, stable region and a lower region of

horizontal roll waves, ^fhen non-condensables

are present, vertical waves occur on the upper

region (which is stable for a pure vapor) for

siifficiently high condensation rates, and there

is a tendency toward damping of the horizontal

waves on the lower section. Since the flow

feed is distributed along the surface, there

are no "leading edge" constraints typical of

purely hydrodynamic experiments, and the line

of inception of roll waves (critical condition)

is different than as determined in the over- flow type of experiments.

(6112) INTERACTION BETWEEN VORTEX FLOW AND TWO DIMEN- SIONAL JET FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. G.M. Lance, Dept. of Mechanical Engrg.

Univ. of Iowa.

(d) Experimental; doctoral thesis.

(e) A study is being made of the flow characteristics

in the finite vortex and of the deflection of a submerged jet of fluid by finite vortex flow.

(6113) ON THE INSTABILITY OF TWO PHASE STAGNATION

POINT FLOW.

(b) University of Iowa.

(c) Dr. C.J. Chen, Dept. of Mechanical Engrg..

Univ. of Iowa.

59
d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

e) The basic set-ijp of the experiment is that a

gas jet with variable height, speed and

diameter is guided to the liquid tank of a variable depth. The measurements of the instability vaves are correlated with the

theoretical results of various instabilitymechanisms . (g) The preliminary results indicate that the basic

parameters to characterize the instability are liquid and gas Reynolds number while Froude

and Weber serve only to shift the range of the

instability.

(h) "On the Instability and the Low Temperature

Simulation of Hypersonic Melting Ablation,"

submitted for publication, 1967.

"Melting Ablation for Two Dimensional and

Axisymmetric Blunt Body with Body Force," C.J. Chen, Ph.D. Thesis, Case Inst. Tech., I967, or Report, Dept. of Mechanical Engrg., Univ. of

Iowa, Dec. I967

UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic

Research, see IOWA INSTITUTE.

lie supply pressure between 500 and 2000 psi.

The bandpass of both servomechanisms exceeded

60 cycles per second with the latter operating

a complex mechanical load system.

(6092) LOAD SENSITIVE HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

(h) Bureau of Naval Weapons.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) Hydraulic servos are noted for their good

dynamic performance and high power levels.

This is often accomplished at the expense of

system power efficiency. Techniques are being

studied to improve hydraulic servo efficiency

by modulating the hydraulic power system as a function of load.

(g) A hydraulic servo- integrated power package has

been operated employing a load sensitive feedback element between the servo and pump to match input power to actual system load demand.

This system concept improved power efficiency

by a factor of two during the load demand

portion of the duty cycle. Performance was

not degraded by this feedback loop.

(h) "Feedback Technique Improves Efficiency of

Hydraulic Servos," APL Technical Digest, W. Seamone, Nov. -Dec. 196k,

THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, Applied Physics Lab.,

8621 Georgia Ave., Silver Spring, Md. 20910

(2335) APPLICATION OF SWITCHING TECHNIQUES TO HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS.

(b) Bureau of Weapons, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied development and design.

(e) Study the dynamic qualities of an acceleration

switching hydraulic servomechanism while

operating in a closed loop under the presence

of vario\is loads and environmental conditions

on the transfer valve, actuator and feedback

trajisducer.

(g) The operation of a broad bandpass servo- mechanism driving a low resonant frequency

linkage has resulted in radical design compromises to prevent instability. Extension of

acceleration switching techniques without any

mechanical modification has permitted closed

loop operation with bandpasses equal to or exceeding the linkage characteristics.

(h) "Design of a Hydraulic Servo with Improved

Bandpass Characteristics When Driving a Resonant Mechanical Load," W. Seamone, APL/JHU

CM-962.

(314-36) ADAPTIVE ELECTRO HYDRAULIC SERVOMECHANISMS.

(b) Bureau of Weapons, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) Techniques have been developed for designing

linear servomechanisms with a limit cycle

instability about a relay type non-linearity.

The closed loop characteristics of this servo- mechanism become invariant to any pure gain

changes occurring in the linear elements.

This servomechanism, categorized as a selfoscillating control servomechanism, appeared

to be an evolutionary improvement over the

acceleration switching hydraulic servomechanism.

(g) A self-oscillating rate servomechanism has

been operated with the loop closed around the

valve spool position. Predictable selfoscillation frequency was achieved and dynamic

performance bandpass was independent of hydrauTHE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, Department of Civil Engrg. , Lawrence, Kansas bbOkk

(5710) INSTABILITY OF NON-NEWTONIAN HELICAL FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Y.S. Yu, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ. of

Kansas

.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) This st\;uiy treats the inception of the instability of the laminar motion of a power-law

fluid between two concentric cylinders with

the inner cylinder rotating and the outer

cylinder fixed.

f) Completed.

g) The characteristic value problem has been

solved by using Galerkin's method for the

flmd with a flow behavior index n=0.5 and for

the radius ratio ranging from 1.17 to 2.0.

The critical power-law Reynolds number and the

dimensionless wave number at which the instability is pending were computed approximately.

Experiments were also conducted for two values

of radius ratio. The measured critical

Reynolds numbers agree within 10 percent with

the computed values.

(h) "The Stability of Laminar Motion of a PowerLaw Fluid Between Rotating Coaxial Cylinders,"

Dan B. McVicker, Ph.D., dissertation, Dept. of

Mechanics and Aerospace Engrg., I966.

(61+66) LIQUID SLOSHING IN A TANK WITH AN EIASTIC

BOTTOM.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Y.S. Yu; see (5710) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research for doctoral

thesis.

(e) The objectives of this study are: (l) to formulate the general linear hydroelastic

sloshing problem in terms of a variational

principle; (2) to use the direct method of

calculus of variations to obtain an approximate solution for the eigen value problem;

(3) to determine the limitation of the

approximate solution.

(f) Completed

60
(g) The seculax equation for liquid sloshing in a rigid tank and a tank with elastic bottoms was

ohtained. The eigen values appear in nearly

every term of the determi nantal equation for

both cases. A direct iterative procedure on

the eigen value itse3jf has been developed to yield the approximate values of the frequencies

of the coiipled free oscillations and the nor- malized amplitudes of the free surface oscillation. The numerical results show that the

effect of the elastic bottom on the coupled

frequency of free oscillations Is negligible

at certain ranges of a rigidity parameter and an inertlal parameter.

(h) "A Variational Approach to a Liquid Sloshing

in a Rectangular Tank with an Elastic Bottom,

Richard C. Coddington II, Ph.D. dissertation,

Dept. of Mechanics and Aerospace Engrg., 1966.

(,6h67) UNSTEADY lAMLNAR BOUNDARY LAYER ON A BODY OF

REVOLUTION IN AN AXIAL FLOW.

(b) University research grant.

(c) Dr. Y.S. Yu; see (5710) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) This study concerns the steady and unsteady

laminar bo-undary layers on a circular cylinder

in an axial flow with and without superimposed

oscillations.

(f) Completed.

(g) The laminar boundary layers on a circular

cylinder in steady aj3d unsteady axial flows with

zero mean pressure gradient have been studied

experimentally and theoretically.

For the steady case, velocity traverses were

made in a wind tunnel on two cylinders with

2.5 in. and 5.5 in. outer radius respectively.

The free-stream velocity was about 10 fps. The

measured velocity profiles agree only qualitatively with the existing theory.

For the Tmsteady case, the free-stream velocity

varies sinusoidally with time in magnitude but

not in direction. Theoretical solutions for

small- aniplitude, high-frequency and low- frequency oscillations were obtained.

For high-frequency oscillations, the computed

amplitude and phase difference of the velocity

oscillations for the cylinder with the frequency parameters a^w/v larger than 10, practically coincide with the shear-wave solution for a flat plate.

For small-amplitude, low- frequency velocity

oscillations, the computed velocity in the

boundary layer Is almost always in phase with

the free-stream velocity and the maximum

amplitude of the velocity oscillations in the

boundary layer Is larger than the amplitude of

the free-stream oscillations.

The measured amplitude and phase difference of

the velocity oscillations agree only qualitatively with theory.

(h) "The Laminar Boundary Layer on a Circular

Cylinder In an Oscillatory Axial Flow,"

Developments in Theoretical and Applied

Mechanics, Vol. 3) Pergamon Press, N.Y., 1967.

{6k6&) UNSTEADY FLOW PARAMETERS IN HYDRAULIC DESIGN.

(b) Kansas Water Resources Research Inst.

(c) Dr. Y.S. Yu; Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ. of

Kansas.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) The purpose of this study is to investigate the

characteristics of unsteady, incompressible

flow Involving the Interaction between a conduit

and a reservoir. The test system consists of a reservoir from which water flows through a conduit. Flow is varied by controlling a

quick acting valve. The transient velocity

and pressure are measured.

Projects also reported in "Water Resources

Research Catalog":

(02IW) RIVER BASIN HYDROLOGY (DEVELOPMENT OF A WATER

BUDGET MODEL FOR KANSAS STREAMS)

.

(022W) EFFECTS OF BANK SEEPAGE ON FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS.

(O23W) THE USE OF AIMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY IN ESTIMATING

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION.

(02l(-W) FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE CLARK METHOD OF

UNIT HYDROGRAPH SYNTHESIS.

(025W) FLOOD FREQUENCY MODIFICATIONS DUE TO

IMPOUNDMENTS.

(026w) DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A MATHEMATICAL

MODEL OF THE LOWER REACHES OF TEIE KANSAS RIVER

DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

(027W) A HYDROLOGIC STUDY OF A MISSOURI RIVER

ALLUVIAL AQUIFER.

UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, Department of Civil Engrg. , Lexington, Kentucky 505(55

(6275) UNSTEADY FLOW OF SOLID LIQUID SUSPENSIONS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Don J. Wood, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Univ. of Kentiacky

(d) Basic research; VSS, Ph.D. theses.

(e) Development of basic relationships for wave velocities and magnitudes in suspended flow.

Purpose is to be able to analytically describe

unsteady suspended flow.

(g) Many basic relationships developed.

(h) "Unsteady Flow of Solid - Liquid Suspensions,"

D.J. Wood, T.Y. Kao, Jovir. Engrg. Mechanics

Div., ASCE, Dec. I966.

"Generation and Propagation of Pressure Waves

in Two Phase Flow," D.J. Wood and T.Y. Kao,

Developments in Theoretical and Appl.

Mechanics, Plenum Press, I967.

(6276) THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL MOTION ON THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF HYDRAULIC FEED SYSTEMS.

(b) Army Research Office, Durham,

(cj Don J. Wood; see (6275) above.

(d) Analytical and experimental; applied research;

M.S., Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Purpose is to integrate structural and fluid

d5mamic analysis for coiipled flow systems.

(g) Periodic flow systems investigated. Attenuation of waterharamer surge due to line move- ment shown to be gross effect.

(h) "The Influence of Structural Motion in the

Dynamic Response of Periodic Liquid Flow

Systems," D.J. Wood, T.Y. Kao, Conference

preprint, ASME - AIAA Structural Dynamics,

Structures and Materials Conf., Palm Springs,

Calif., 1967.

(6277) DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR HYDRAULIC TRANSIENT

FLOW SYSTEM UTILIZING ANALOG COMPUTERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Don J. Wood, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Univ. of Kentucky.

(d) Development of computing and design techniques;
M.S. Thesis,

(e) Analysis and design of surge system, flow

establishment and waterhammer.

(g) "Waterhammer Analysis by Analog Computer,"

Don J. Wood, Jour. Hydraulics Div., ASCE,

Jan. 1967.

(6278) EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC FILTERS

FOR SURGE PRESSURES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(cj Don J. Wood; see (6277) above.

(d) Basic and applied research; M.S. thesis.

(e) Develop analytical techniques to analyze characteristics of filters and to test the filters.

(g) Single air chamber filter investigated and

shown to give good attenuation.

lAMONT GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY of Columbia University, Palisades, N.Y. 10977.

(60Sk) MDQNG, DIFFUSION AND CIRCULATION RATES IN

OCEAN WATERS.

(b) U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

(c) Dr. Takashi Ichiye, Senior Research Associate,

Lament Geological Observatory of Colianbia

Univ.

(d) Theoretical and/or field investigation; basic

research.

(e) The work of the portion reported here includes

studies of diffusion and circulation in oceans

on varieties of scales ranging from several

centimeters to a few hundred kilometers. Techniques used for these studies include dye

diffusion methods at the surface and subsurface,

classical hydrographic methods, different kinds

of current meters and electronic temperaturesalinity recorders, aerial photogrammetry and

infra-red thermometry.

(g) Structure of Ekman spiral near the surface was determined with dye experiments. Dynamical

features of windrows and Langmuir streaks

revealed by dye experiments were explained

from wave and turbulence theory. Turbulent

motion near the bottom was determined from

observations of a nepheloid layer. From

hydrographic data off Cape Hatteras, mixing

between the Gulf Stream water and the shelf

water through medium scale eddies was studied.

Vertical eddy viscosity and vertical currents

in the Pacific equatorial current system were determined from analysis of the hydrographic

data based on hydrodynamics. Tidal flushing

in the South Oyster Bay-Great South Bay was computed and a new analogue system of its

prediction was designed.

(h) "Syinposium on Diffusion in Oceans and Fresh

Waters, Aug. 3I - Sept. 2, 1.96k." Edited by

T. Ichiye, (Available through Lamont Geol.

Observ. at $2.00 per copy), I965.

"Some Hydrodynamic Problems for a Nepheloid

Zone," T. Ichiye, Pure and Appl. Geophys.

(PAGEOH), Vol. 63, 179-195.

"Turbulent Diffusion of Suspended Particles

near the Ocean Bottom," T. Ichiye, Deep-Sea

Research, Vol. I3, 679-685.

"Hydrographic Struct\ire of axi Eddy on the Edge

of the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras,"

(Abstract) T. Ichiye, Trans. A.G.U., Vol. ^7, No. 1, p. 109.

"Annotated Bibliography on Internal Waves," t. Ichiye, Jour. Oceajiogr. Soc. Japan, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 201-223,.

"Vertical Currents in the Equatorial Pacific

Ocean," T. Ichiye, Jovr. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan,

Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 27'^-28i4-. "Hydrographic Structure of an Eddy on the Edge

of the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras," T. Ichiye, Annual Rept. I965-I966 Contract

AT( 30-1)2663 to U.S. Atomic Energy Comm. by

Lamont Geol. Observ., Appendix P, 5 pp.,1966.

"Optimum Ratio of Width to Depth of a Channel

for Maximum Flow," T. Ichiye, Annual Rept.

1966-1967 Contract AT( 30-1)2663 to U.S. Atomic

Energy Comm. by Lamont Geol, Observ., Appendix

L, k pp., 1967.

"Tidal Flushing of South Oyster Bay and Great

South Bay, (I) and (ll)," ibid T. Ichiye,

Appendix M and N, 8 pp. and 25 pp., I967.

"Occurrence of Temperature Iversions in the

Upper Layer of the Ocean," T. Ichiye, Pure and

Appl. Geophys. (PAGEOH), Vol. 67, 1967, 1^3-155-

"Upper Ocean Boundary Layer Determined by Dye

Diffusion," T. Ichiye, Physics of Fluids,

Vol. 10, 299-306, 1967.

"Photodensitometric Measurement of Dye

Concentration in the Ocean " T. Ichiye and N.B. Plutchak, Limnology and Oceangraphy, Vol. I3, No. 3, pp. 36i^-370, 1966.

(6085) ROTATING MODEL EXPERIMENT ON CIRCULATION IN THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN.

(b) Anarctic Programs, Natl. Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Takashi Ichiye; see {6o8k) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) To study dynamics of wind-driven and convective

circulation in the Antarctic Ocean by use of

a scale model of the ocean mounted on a

rotating table.

(g) The model experiments proved that sinking of

the bottom water along the Antarctic Continent

reduces the pure wind-driven circulation of

the Antarctic Circurapolar Current to be a great degree, yielding the zonal transport

similar to the observed geostrophic transport.

The observed bottom undulations with several

kilometer wave lengths in the Argentine Basin

can be explained as internal waves in a nepheloid layer.

(h) "Dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

(A.C.C.) I and II," T. Ichiye, Tech. Rept. No. CU-l-67 and CU-2-67 to the National Science

Foundation, Contract NSF FA-258, pp. 23 and

pp. 19, April 1967.

"Dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar

Current (A.C.C.) Ill, T. Ichiye, ibid CU-3-67,

pp. 27, June 1967.

(6086) OCEAN SURFACE PHENOMENA AND TURBULENCE.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Dr. Takashi Ichiye; see {60&k) above.

(d) Theoretical and field investigation.

(e) To study mechanics of turbiolence in the upper

layer of the ocean and in the shallow waters

and also air-sea interaction.

(g) Turbulent heat exchange between the ocean and

the air was discussed by use of diffusion

equations in case of a cold air outbreak over

the Gulf Stream. Mixing of waters by tidal

currents in Block Island So\md was studied by

field survey and tidal fli;ishing theories.

(h) "Tidal Variation of Hydrography of Block

Island Sound Observed in August I965,"

T. Ichiye, Tech. Rept. No. CU- 15-67 to Office

of Naval Research, Contract Nonr 266lk&)

pp. 38, 1967.

"An Example of Heat Transfer at the Air- Sea

62
Boundary over the G\ilf Stream during a Cold Air

Outbreak," T. Ichiye and E.J. Zipser, Jour. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, Vol. i^5, No. 3, 261-270.

Also most papers listed for the Atomic Energy

Comm. Contract (see Wo. 6o8k) were prepared

under a joint sponsorship with this project.

lEHIGH ronVERSITY, Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Bethlehem,

Pennsylvania IB015

Inquiries concerning the following projects and re- quests for reprints and technical reports should he

addressed to Dr. W.H. Graf, Assoc. Prof., Chairman,

Hydraulic and Sanitary Div., Fritz Engineering Lab.,

Lehigh Univ.

(2514-3) STUDY OF CONDUIT EXIT PORTALS.

(h) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; M.S. thesis.

(f) Discontinued.

(g) Tests of sqiiare and circular cond\iit with freejet, horizontal apron, and three different

wall flares, have "been completed.

( 3,08k) STUDY ON IMPROVING DESIGN OF A HOPPER DREDGE

PUMP.

(b) District Engr., U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Marine

Div., Philadelphia, Corps of Engrs.

(d) Applied and basic research.

(e) The immediate purpose of the study is to improve design of a hopper dredge centrifugal

pump for pumping silt-clay-water mixtures.

The long-term objective is to determine the

effect of Bingham Body-type of fluid on pi.mping characteristics. The project has been

divided into four phases: (l) Model test of

existing dredge pump; (2) recommendations

for design changes of the dredge p\imp; (3)

model investigation of the modified design of

the dredge pump; and (k) analysis of the

investigation and final recommendations. Phase

1 involved installation in the hydraulic laboratory of a 1:8 scale model of the dredge pump

now used on the U.S. Corps of Engineers dredge

ESSAYONS. Water as well as slit-clay-water

mixtures (Bingham Body-type of fluid) were pumped and complete characteristics of the

pump obtained for capacity of 0 to 1200

gallons per minute, speed of II50 to 190O

revolutions per minute, and liquid concen- trations of 1000 and I38O grams per liter.

Phases 2 and 3 involve modifications in the

shape of vane and changes in the exit vane

angle of the impeller. Experimental tests

indicate considerable improvement in pump

efficiency. Analysis of the experimental data

resulted in recommendations for changes in

pump design.

(f) Completed.

(g) Considerable improvement in pump efficiency

has been achieved.

(3O86A) INVESTIGATION OF DESIGN CRITERIA OF SPUR

DIKES. (See also No. 3086, p. 12h.)

(b) Modjeski and Masters, Consulting Engrs.,

Harrisburg, Pa., Lehigh Univ. Inst, of

Research.

(d) Analytical and experimental.

(e) The project has been divided into four phases

(a) Literature survey; (b) analytical study;

(c) experimental study in a fixed-bed model

to determine the desired lengths and shapes

63

of spur dikes to provide imiform velocity

distribution in the waterway between bridge

abutments; (d) experimental study in a movable-bed model to verify findings in part

c . A spur dike has been defined as a projection extending upstream from the bridge

abutments

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Preliminary investigation indicates that a properly designed spiir dike can produce a fairly uniform velocity distribution between

the abutments.

(h) "Hydraiilics of Bridges," J.W. Delleur, D.E. Schneible and H.J. Tracy, Joint Highway

Research Project, Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs.,

Task Force, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind.

(37^1) FRICTION HEAD LOSSES IN CIRCUIAR PIPES FOR A

BINGHAM-BODY FLUID.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) The object of the study is the determination

of the pipe flow characteristics of slurries

of various concentrations. The slurries do

not behave as fluids of constant viscosity so that it is not possible to use conventional

methods for prediction of head losses in pipes

conveying them. Tests are being conducted in

6-inch, 3-inch, and 2-inch pipelines with

velocities from less than 1 fps to over 3O fps.

(f) Suspended.

(hl'^k) DREDGE PUMP DESIGN.

(b) National Bulk Carriers, Inc.

(d) Experimental.

(e) The objective of the investigation is to obtain the efficiency and head-capacity

c\irves, to check the effect of the reduced, vane exit angle, and to determine the efficiency of a model dredge pump while pumping

si It -clay-water mixture of specific gravity

eqxial to I.I7. The experimental tests were carried out on a 1/8 model pump of the Natl.

Bulk Carriers Hopper Dredge, S.S. Zulia.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report in preparation.

(1+155A)WAVE run-up on COMPOSITE BEACHES. (See also

No. 1+155, p. 121+.

(d) Graduate student's project. Experimental,

applied research for design.

(e) The main object of the study is to verify

existing equations for determining the height

of wave run-up and obtain the limits of

application of the equation for long beach

berms.

The study is conducted in a 67 ft. long, 2 ft.

wide and 2 ft. deep wave channel equipped with

pendulum- type wave generator and efficient

absorbers.

(f) Completed.

(14-61+5) EFFECT OF LENGTH AND SPACING OF SPUR DIKES,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; M.S. thesis.

(e) The object of the study is to determine the

effect of length and spacing of spur dikes

on the magnitude of scour in uniform flow.

The experiments are conducted in a 10- ft.

wide, 35-f't' long open channel with movable

sand bed. Scour patterns are observed and

analyzed.

(f) Completed.

(5172) MEASUREMENT OF SLURRY FLOW BY USE OF 90° ELBOW METER.
(b) National Bulk Carrier Inc., New York, N.Y.

(d) Applied and basic research.

(e) A four-inch 90° elbow meter was calibrated

against a magnetic flow meter. A flow range

of from 0-1100 gpm was effected in the

calibration. Water and fine concentrations of

silt-clay-water mixtures are included in the

calibration tests. The basic theory of the

"elbow meter" is discussed and an empirical

mathematical relation between liq_uid concentration, differential head, and pipe velocity

is presented and discussed. The feasibility

of use of the elbow meter for flow measurement

of slurry type flow is highly possible, but

calibration of meter in place is recommended.

Also, the viscous properties of the material

metered are believed to play an important role

in the meter's performance.

(f) Completed.

(5173) SUCTION DREDGING LITERATURE SURVEY.

(b) Ellicott Machine Corp., Baltimore, Md.

(d) Applied and basic research.

(e) This report is a brief review and summary of

selected literature pertaining to eq^uipment

and methods associated with dredging practice

and laboratory studies of dredge pumps . It consists of four parts: (l) Summary and discussion section; (2) selected abstracts;

(3) annotated bibliography; {k) bibliography.

The discussion section consists of two parts.

Part 1 discusses dredging eq^uipment and

dredging in general. Part 2 discusses dredge

pmps.

(f) Completed.

(517*4-) PERFORMANCE STUDY OF A 1:6 MODEL DREDGE PUMP.

(b) Ellicott Machine Corporation, Baltimore, Md.

(d) Applied and basic research.

(e) Performance tests were made on five 1:6 scale

model impellers. Each impeller was tested at four constant speeds over a wide range of

heads and discharges. Water and two concen- trations of a typical dredging mud were tested

with each impeller at all four speeds. Various

graphs and design application curves were developed for making similarity studies and

designs in the homologous series of pmps

.

(f) Completed.

(5550) CAVITATION STUDIES ON A MODEL DREDGE PUMP.

(b) Ellicott Machine Corp., Baltimore, Md.

(d) Applied and basic research.

(e) Effect of various pump design parameters on cavitation is being investigated. Water and

two concentrations of a typical dredging mud

are being used as dredging material in the

laboratory. Other variables, in addition to geometric characteristics of the pump, include

pump speed and rate of flow.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Effect of Impeller Modifications on Cavitation

Characteristics," J.T. Cassan, Fritz Engrg.

Lab. Rept. 301.^4, I965.

(5552A)SCOUR OF FIAT SAND BEACHES DUE TO WAVE ACTION.

(See also No. 5552, p. 12h)

,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) Research requirement of Master's degree.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Stability of a horizontal sand bed deposited

in shallow water in front of an impervious,

smooth seawall under conditions in which the waves have not yet begun to break was inves6k

tigated. Experimental studies have been

performed in a two-dimensional wave channel in an effort to determine the rate , extent , and

ultimate amount of scour of the flat sand bed

for different conditions of water depth, wave

height and length, and slope of sea wall,

(h) "Beach Scour Due to Wave Action on Seawalls,"

B. Van Weele, Fritz Engrg. Rept. No. 293,3,

Lehigh Univ., 1965-

"Scour of Flat Sand Beaches Due to Wave Action

in Front of Sea Walls," J.B. Herbich and H.D.

Miarphy, ASCE Coastal Engrg. Conf., Oct. 1965.

"Scour of Flat Sand Beaches in Front of Seawalls," Stephen C. Ko, Fritz Engrg. Rept. No. 293.5, Lehigh Univ., I967 (M.S. Thesis)

(5821) WAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION FOR CYLINDRICAL PILE ARRAYS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; Master's thesis.

(f) Completed.

(g) The purpose of the investigation is to determine the relationship between wave reflection

and transmission and several pile-group con- figurations. A total of 16 circular piles were used in different rectangular arrays and

one random pattern. In the rectangular ar- rangements both the spacings transverse to the oncoming wave and the spacings longitidinal

to the oncoming wave were investigated. The

experimental studies were performed in a two- dimensional wave channel.

(h) "Wave Reflection and Transmission for

Cylindrical Pile Arrays," B. VanWeele, Fritz

Engrg. Lab. Rept. No. 293. i)-, Lehigh Univ.,

1965.

(5822) GAS REMOVAL SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DREDGE

PUMPS.

(b) District Engr., U.S. Anny Engr. Dist., Marine

Div., Philadelphia, Corps of Engrs.

(d) Applied and basic research.

(e) The overall purpose is to study the effect of

gas removal systems on centrifugal dredge pumps.

This consists of a program of studies, tests,

analysis and reports dealing with ways and means for efficiently removing entrained and

dissolved gases from the effluents of dredging

with centrifugal pumps in rivers and harbors.

The project has been divided into four (h)

phases, (a) Literature Search and Formulation

of a Test Program, (b) Formulation of Specific

Test Setup and Schedule of the Tests wich

Water, (c) Experimental Study and Analysis of

Test Results, (d) Experimental Study with

Solid-Water Mixtures (mud) and Analysis of Test Results.

(f) Phase (c) active.

(h) "Gas Removal Systems, Part I: Literature

Survey and Formulation of Test Program," W.P. Isaacs and J.B. Herbich, Fritz Engrg. Lab.

Rept. No. 310.3, 1965.

"Gas Removal Systems, Part II: Development

of Facility Layout and Formulation of Test Program," A. Shindala, Fritz Engrg. Lab.

Rept. No. 310.7, 1965.

(6559) MODEL STUDY FOR NOCKAMIXON DAM.

(b) General State Authority, Pennsylvania.

(d) Applied research.

(e) Studies on a 1:60 scale model were done to check spillway approach conditions and to complete the design of an unusual right angle

turn in the spillway channel.
(f) Completed.

(g) Improved approach conditions. Improved design

of turning "basin by rounding corners and narrowing discharge channel.

(h) "Model Study of Ninety Degree Spillway for

Nockamlxon Dam," D.R. Basco, J.B. Herbich, and

P.D. Erfle, Fritz Engrg. Lab. Rept. No. 362.2,

Lehigh Univ. , I967.

(6560) SUPERCRITICAL TRANSITIONS. (See Texas A and M

Pro J. No. 6399)

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Application of the method of characteristics

to supercritical flow thro\;igh a simple transition. Characteristics were computed with a digital computer. Several examples are solved.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Transitions in Supercritical Open-Channel

Flow," G. Bagge and J.B. Herbich, Proc. ASCE,

Jour. Hydraiilics Div., Vol. 93, No. HY5,

Sept. 1967.

(6561) MODEL TEST OF TWO UCK CREEK DAM.

(b) Gilbert Associates, Inc., Reading, Pa.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A 1:^0 scale model was tested to check spillway flow conditions, to calibrate flow under

the radial gates, and to determine the erosion

patterns likely in the sand stone apron below

the flip bucket. A sand-cement mixture was developed to model the sand stone

.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Model Study of Two Lick Creek Dam," J.R. Adams, A.W. Brune, and S.C. Ko, Fritz Engrg.

Lab. Rept. No. 336. 1, 1968

(6562) STUDIES ON THE SETTLING VELOCITY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Applied research.

(e) Model investigation in the detennination of

the settling velocities of artifical and

natural particles.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Settling Velocities of Natural Grains," W.H. Graf and E.R. Acaroglu, Bull. Intl. Assoc. Sci.

Hydrology, Vol. XI, No. k, I966.

"Remarks on the Rubey Equation for Computing

Settling Velocities," W.H. Graf and E.R. Acaroglu, VII Intl. Sedimentological Congr.

in Great Britain.

(6563) SETTLING VELOCITIES IN TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) The influence of the turbulence on a particle's

settling velocity shall be studied. Experiments

will be conducted.

(65614-) THE TE^ANSPORT OF SOLID SUSPENSION IN CONDUITS.

(b) Fed. Water Pollution Control Admin. , U.S. Dept.

Interior

.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research;

doctoral dissertation.

(e) The transport phenomenon of solid-liquid flow

in a conveyance system is studied. General

relationship between flow parameter and

sediment transports are established.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Experimental Apparatus Studies Sediment

Transport," H.A. Einstein and W.H. Graf, Civil

Engrg., ASCE, 1963.

"The Loop System for Measuring Sand-Water

Mixtures," H.A. Einstein and W.H. Graf, Proc.

ASCE, Jovir. Hydr. Div., No. HYl, I966.

"A Modified Venturimeter for Measuring Two- Phase Flow," W.H. Graf, Jour. Hydraulic

Research, lAHR, Vol. 5, No, 3, I967.

"Designing Conveyance Systems for Solid-Liquid

Flow," E.R. Acaroglu and W.H. Graf, Intl.

Symp. on Solid-Liquid Flow in Pipes, Univ. of

Pennsylvania, March I968.

"Homogeneous Suspensions in Circular Conduits,"

W.H. Graf and E.R. Acaroglu, Proc. ASCE, Jour. Pipeline Div., No. PL2, 1967.

"List of Sources of Information on the Pipeline

Design, a Discussion," W.H. Graf, Proc. ASCE,

Jour. Pipeline Div., No. PLl, I968.

(6565) FRICTIONAL EFFECTS IN RIVERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Applied research.

(e) A careful investigation on the frictional

behaviors of various rivers is done,

(f) Suspended,

(g) See (h),

(h) "Gesetze der turbulenten Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in geschlossenen Rohren und offenen

Gerinnen, " W,H. Graf, Schweizer Bauzeitung,

82, Jg,, No, 53, 196i+,

"Manning's Roughness Determination in

Navigable Waterways," W,H, Graf, XXIst Intl,

Navigation Cong,, PIANC, Stockholm, June 1965. "On the Determination of the Roughness Co- efficient in Natural and Artificial Waterways,"

W.H. Graf, Bull. Intl. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology,

lASH, XI, No. 1, 1966.

"Velocity Distribution and Boundary Roughness

in Open Channels," W,H, Graf, Water Power

(London), July 1966.

(6566) THE ELBOW METER, ITS USE FOR MEASURING SOLID

LIQUID SUSPENSIONS,

(b) Laboratory project,

(d) Applied research; Master's thesis,

(e) The usefulness of an elbow meter to measure concentration and flow in a liquid-solid

mixture is under investigation,

(g) See (h).

(h) "Dredging Fundamentals, A Discussion," W.H.

. Graf and R.N. Weisman, Proc. ASCE, JoTxr. Waterways and Harbors Div., No. WW2, I968.

(6567) HYDRAULIC INVESTIGATION OF THE ST. CLAIR RIVER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Applied research,

(e) The unsteady and steady effects on the river

discharge are investigated. Further on the

effect of the ice cover is studied,

(f) Suspended,

(g) See (h),

(h) "Steady and Unsteady Effects on Discharge in a River Connecting Two Reservoirs," J,A,

Liggett and W,H, Graf, 9th Conf . on Great

Lakes Research, I966.

"The Effect of Ice on the Roughness Coefficient in the St. Clair River," L. Yu, W.H,

Graf, and G, Levine, 11th Conf, on Great

Lakes Research, I968.

LOCKHEED-CALIFORNIA COMPANY, Oceanics Division,

3380 N. Harbor Dr., San Diego, Calif. 92101

(61(-09) RESEARCH ON OCEANOGRAPHIC FORECASTING.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Dr, L, Baer, Lockheed-California Co,

65
(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e; The purpose was to develop a numerical dynamic

model for synoptic forecasting in the deep

oceaxi. A model utilizing the vorticity

equation vras programmed ajid tested, utilizing

data from the Gulf of Mexico.

(f) Temporarily discontinued.

(g) Tests utilizing the Gulf of Mexico data were run for extended periods without developing

computational instability. Results were checked against later data from the Gulf of

Mexico and fairly good agreement was found,

especially near the Yucatan Peninsula.

(h) "Technical Progress Report: Research on Oceanographic Forecasting," Lockheed-California Co. Rept. Wo. 177^7- April 196k.

"Final Report: Research on Oceanographic

Forecasting". Lockheed-California Co. Rept.

No. 20333, Feb. I967.

These reports may be obtained by contacting

Office of Naval Research, Code i|-08, Washington,

D.C. 20360. (Contract WDnr 3935 (OO)).

(6iH0) DEEP WATER INTERNAL WAVES.

(b) Office of Naval Research and Lockheed-California Co. (Laboratory project).

(c) Dr. A.J. Carsola, Manager, Oceanics Div.,

Lockheed-California Co.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) Studies of temperature fluctuations in the ocean over the continental borderland off

Southern California were made both from shiptended thermistor arrays and from an untended

taut -wire array in 6OO fathoms off San

Clemente Island, California. The objective was

the generation of the spectra of underwater

temperature fluctmtions in water offshore from

the continental shelf.

(f) Completed.

(g) Significant temperature fluctuations only oc- curred at frequencies lower than that of the

semidiijrnal tide. Log-log plots of frequency

vs. energy density show a power law relationship at higher frequencies, s\:iggesting tiarbulence or advective processes as the cause of

temperature fluctuations in that part of the

spectrum.

(h) Results have been published in the literature

in previous years, but not during 1966 or 1967-

Some will be submitted for publication during

1968.

{6kll) THE ICOSAHEDRAL-GNOMONIC PROJECTION AND GRID

OF THE WORLD OCEAN FOR WAVE STUDIES.

(b) U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office under New York

Univ. Contract PO/GI5886.

(c) Correspondent: Dr. L. Baer, Lockheed-California Co.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) The World Ocean has been mapped in a special

projection which is optimized for wind-wave

studies. A world network of grid points

representing hexagonal areas was prepared to overlay the map.

(f) Completed.

(g) The new map features segmented straight-line

representation of great circles and small,

simple distortions of direction and scale.

Large parts of the World Ocean can be represented without interruption and a regular, nearly

equidistant grid can be fitted over the globe.

(h) "Final Report: The Icosahedral-Gnomonic Projection and Grid of the World Ocean for Wave

Studies," Lockheed-Calfiornia Co. Rept, No. 20157, Oct. 1966 (Availabe from U.S. Naval

Oceanographic Office).

(6i4-12) PACIFIC OCEAN WAVE FORECASTING STUDY.

(b) U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office under New York

Univ. Contract PO/G5OII.

(c) Dr. L. Baer; see {6hll) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) This work extends to very large ocean areas, earlier efforts by Lockheed personnel in the area of objective, automated, wind-wave forecasting techniques.

(f) Completed.

(g) A computer program based on the Lockheeddeveloped Icosahedral-Gnomonic Projection and

Grid of the World Ocean and incorporating an

improved propagation technique was written.

(h) "Pacific Ocean Wave Forecasting Study," Lockheed-California Co. Rept. No. 20856, July 1967-

(Available from U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office).

"Computer-based Procedures for Preparing

Global Wave Forecasts and Wind Field Analyses

Capable of Using Wave Data Obtained by a Spacecraft," W.J. Pierson, Jr., L.J. Tick and

L. Baer, Proc. Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics,

1966.

LOUISANA STATE UNIVERSITY and A and M COLLEGE,

Agricultural Engrg. Dept ., Baton Rouge, La. 70B03

(5915) FACTORS AFFECTING RUNOFF ON SMALL AGRICULTURAL

WATERSHEDS IN LOW, FLAT, ALLUVIAL AREAS.

(b) Louisiana Agric. Experimentation Sta., Louisiana State Univ.

(c) Dr. Jerry L. Chesness, Assoc. Prof., Agricultwca.1 Engrg. Dept., Louisiana State Univ.

(d) Field investigation.

(e) Rainfall, runoff, and soil moisture are being

measured (on an event basis) on a 50 acre graded watershed (approximately 0.3?^),

located on the Mississippi River alluvial flood

plain. The studies' objectives are to determine

prediction equations for peak runoff rate and

total volume of riinoff as a function of rainfall characteristics, soil infiltration, and

vegetative cover.

(g) Soil infiltration rate equations (as a function

of time) have been experimentally derived for

the two watershed soil types using large ring

infiltrometers . Twenty- foior rainfall-runoff

events have been processed and the information

stored in printed and graphical form through

utilization of the digital computer.

LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AND A and M COLLEGE, Dept . of Civil Engrg. , Baton Ro\;ige, La. 70803

(5711) FRESH WATER STORAGE IN SALINE AQUIFERS.

(b) Louisiana Water Reso-urces Research Inst.

(c) Dr. Oscar K. Kimbler, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of

Petroleum Engrg., Louisiana State Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) To determine whether it is theoretically

feasible to store fresh water in saline aquifers:

injecting fresh water, then removing it from

storage. The relative effects of diffusion,

dispersion and differences in specific gravity

are being studied mathematically and by means

of models. The loltimate importance of the

work to cities located in flat marshland areas lacking in surface-water storage sites that

66
are underlain by saline aquifers is readily

appreciated.

(5713) STUDY OF MEASUKES TO BE TAKEN TO ACCOMPLISH

PROTECTION OF THE GROXMD-WATER SUPPLY OF THE

Bft.TON ROUGE AKEA FROM DEGRADATION DUE TO

SALINE WATER INTO AREA OF OFFTAKE-ENGINEERING

ASPECTS.

(b) Louisiana Water Resources Research Inst,

(c) Prof. R.G. Kazmann, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Louisiana State Univ.

(d) Field investigation and theoretical study;

applied research and design.

(e) Evaluate engineering solutions for providing

permanent ground-water supply for Baton Ro-uge area. Make preliminary feasibility studies

of most promising projects.

(h) Interim report issued Sept. 1967- Final report

planned Spring 1969.

(6091) A STUDY OF STORM-WATER INLET CAPACITIES.

(b) Louisiana Dept. of Highways.

(c) Prof. William A. Wintz, Jr., Dr. Yung-hi:iang Kuo,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Louisiana State Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research and design.

(e) To study six existing Louisiana Dept. of

Highways storm-water inlets' capacities as a function of widths of flow in the street, roadway grades, and crown slopes on full scale

models constructed in the la.boratory.

LTV RESEARCH CENTER, Ling-Temco-VoT;ight, Inc. , P.O. Box 6lkk, Dallas, Texas. 75222

(6213) BOUNDARY lAYER TRANSITION.

(b) Laboratory project,

(c) Dr. C.S. Wells, Senior Scientist, LTV Research

Center

.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) A study of theoretical models and empirical

criteria which may be used to predict transition is being carried out; experimental re- sults from a low-disturbance boundary layer

facility are being used in conjunction with

the theoretical work.

(g) A transition Reynolds number of about six

million has been obtained with a very low disturbance and essentially zero pressure gradient

flow. Recent results have shown the effects of

standing and traveling acoustic waves and gridproduced turbulence on transition. The data

are being analyzed with respect to two proposed

criteria for transition prediction.

(h) "Effects of Freestream Turbulence on Bo\indary

Layer Transition," C.S. Wells, AIAA Jo-ur., Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 172-17i+, 1967.

"Some Effects of Freestream Disturbances on Boundary Layer Transition," J.G. Spangler and

C.S. Wells, LTV Research Ctr. Rept. O-7IOOO/

7R-10, Apr. 1967; to be published in AIAA Jour.

(621U) A STUDY OF TURBULENT SHEAR LAYER CHARACTERISTICS

OF DRAG-REDUCING FLUIDS.

(b) NASA Office of Ad-/anced Research and Technology,

Fluid Dynamics Branch; and laboratory project.

(c) Dr, C.S. Wells; see (6213) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) The objective of this research program is to identify in detail, the effects of drag-reducing additives on the turbulent shear layer, and

to study the implications of these effects for

other types of flows which depend on turbulent

momentum transport,

(g) Experimental res\ilts for high Reynolds number

turbulent shear flows of very dilute solutions

of drag-reducing additives show the major

effects to be confined to the region near the

wall, i.e., the viscous sublayer and the

buffer layer. This means that rather simple

correlations are possible for high Reynolds

number flows of very dilute solutions. A cor- relation for friction factor has been developed

and found to be very useful. In addition, injection experiments have shown that the presence

of the additive in the region near the wall is

sufficient to produce large drag reduction.

This shows that a more efficient method of

drag reduction can be achieved by uniform

injection at the wall rather than flooding the

shear layer with the additive, A correlation

for turbulent heat transfer in drag-reducing

fluids also has been developed.

(h) "Anomolous Turbulent Flow of Non-Newtonian

Fluids," C.S, Wells, AIAA Jour., Vol. 3, No. 10, 1965, pp. 1800-1805.

"Investigation of the Turbulent Shear Flow of

Dilute Aqueous CMC Solutions," W.D. Ernst,

AIChE Jour., Vol. 12, No. 3- 1966, pp. 58I-586.

"A Correlation of the Frictional Characteristics

for Turbulent Flow of Dilute Viscoelastic Non- Newtonian Fluids in Pipes," W.A. Meyer, AICHE

Jour., Vol. 12, No. 3, 1966, pp. 522-525.

"Turbulent Flow of an Elasticovlscous Non- Newtonian Fluid," W.D, Ernst, AIAA Jour.,

Vol. 5, No, 5, 1967, pp. 906-909.

"Turbiilence Measurements in a Drag-Reducing

Non-Newtonian Fluid," C.S. Wells, J. Barkness,

and W.A, Meyer, LTV Res, Ctr. Rept, 0-71000/

6R-22, Dec, 1966; to be published in AIAA

Jour,

"injection of a Drag-Reducing Fluid into

Turbulent Pipe Flow of a Newtonian Fluid,"

LTV Res. Ctr. Rept, O-7IOOO/7R-I+ , Feb. 1567;

also Phys. of Fluids, Sept. 1967-

"Tiirbulent Heat Transfer in Drag-Reducing

Fluids," C.S. Wells, LTV. Res. Ctr. Rept.

O-7IOOO/7R-5, Mar. 1967; to be published in

AIChE Jour,

MARINE ADVI SERS , INC

,

, P.O. Box I963, LaJolla, Calif.

92037

(6087) PRACTICAL USE OF ELECTRIC NETWORKS TO SIMULATE

OR PREDICT SEICHE CONDITION IN HARBORS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Richard Lao, Physical Oceanographer

,

Marine Advisers, Inc.

(d) Theoretical; applied research and development.

(e) Title self-explanatory. Passive network

configuration originally due to Ishiguro.

Developed as a tool to foresee the character

of any potential seiche activity in a proposed

harbor or marina. Permits possible adjustment

of harbor design prior to construction so as to suppress or minimize long wave activity

portending adverse ship response motions.

(g) Electrical analogue models have been tested

and found to yield results close to those

observed in nature. Areas modeled to date

under other auspices: Chesapeake Bay; proposed marina in Los Angeles Harbor; Sattahip

Bay (harbor), Thailand.

(h) "Practical Use of Electric Networks to Sim\ilate or Predict Seiche Condition in Harbors," J.W.

67
Joy, Proc. ASCE Coastal Engrg. Conf., Santa

Calif., Oct. 1965.

M/VSSACHUSETTS INSTIIXJTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Dept. of

Civil Engrg. , Hydrodynamics Laboratory, Cambridge,

Mass. 02139

Requests for reprints and Technical Reports should

be addressed to Dr. Arthur T. Ippen, Ford Professor

of Engineering, Hydrodynamics Lab., Massachusetts

Inst, of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139

(1609) STUDY OF BEACH PROCESSES IN THE INSHORE AND

FORESHORE ZONES.

(b) Coastal Engrg. Research Ctr., U.S. Army Corps

of Engrs.

(c) Prof. P.S. Eagleson, Prof. C.C. Mei.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

(Doctoral thesis).

(e) Study of surface profile and internal kinematics of a shoaling oscillatory wave up to and beyond the breaker.

(g) The program seeks a finite amplitude theoretical solution, along with experimental verification, for wave propagation in varying

water depth from deep water up to breaking.

(h) "An Asymptotic Theory for Water Waves on Beaches of Mild Slope," G.A. Tlapa, C.C. Mei,

and P.S. Eagleson, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab.

Tech. Rept. No. 90, April I966.

"A Drag Gage for Measuring Particle Orbital

Velocity in Water Waves," C.H. Horstmann,

S.M. thesis, June I966.

{3^^3) COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE COMPLETE TRANSIENT

PROBLEM IN A HYDROPOWER PIANT.

(b) Missouri River Div., U.S. Army Corps of Engrs.

(c) Prof. F.E. Perkins.

(d) Theoretical, field tests; applied research

(Doctoral thesis).

(e) Development of a digital computer program of

general utility and proven validity for performing design analyses involving the

response of hydro-power plant systems to load

fluctuation.

(f) Completed.

(g) Digital computer programs have been written

which for a wide range of hydraulic geometries will yield the time variation of the

important hydraulic and mechanical variables

for an arbitrary time variation in electrical

load tmder the assumption of an isolated

system. The results of these programs compare

well with field test measurements. Final

reports and a user's manual have been prepared.

(h) "An Explicit Finite Difference Approach to Transient Flow Problems," F.E. Perkins, Sc.D. thesis, Feb. I966.

(37it-8) DISPERSION IN POROUS MEDIA IN PUMPING AND

RECHARGE OPERATIONS.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman, Prof. L.W. Gelhar,

Hydrodynamics Lab., ^fe.ss. Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

(Doctoral thesis).

(e) Development of a general numerical method for

the solution of ground water dispersion

problems in a steady, two-dimensional flow

field. Emphasis is on the development of an

efficient finite difference scheme for digital

computer application. Investigation includes

dispersion between separate recharge and

pumping wells and pumping and recharge operations in the same well at different periods

of time. The research programs also include

consideration of dispersion in non-homogeneous

(layered) media. Applications are in the

field of ground water contamination.

(g) Approximate analytical solutions have been

obtained for dispersion in steady, radial

flow from a well and for flow between a re- charge and a pumping well. The general finite

difference formulation for digital computers

has been developed. This program may be used

for any steady, two-dimensional dispersion

problem. The numerical scheme expresses the

convective-dispersion equation in curvilinear

coordinates consisting of the streamlines and

equipotentials. Analytical results have also

been obtained for dispersion in layered, non- homogeneous aquifers. Current research is

concerned with cyclic pumping and recharge

from the same well and with the effect of

small density differences between injected and

natural ground water.

(h) "Numerical Solutions for Dispersion in Porous

Ifediums," U.Y. Shamir and D.R.F. Harleman,

Water Resources Research, Vol. 3i No. 2, I967.

"Dispersion in Radial Flow from a Recharge

Well," J.A. Hoopes and D.R.F. Harleman, Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. 72, No. Ih, July I5, I967. "Waste Water Recharge and Dispersion in Porous

Media," J.A. Hoopes and D.R.F. Harleman, Proc. A.S.C.E., Vol. 93, No. HY5, Sept. I967.

"Dispersion in Layered Poro\js Media," U.Y.

Shamir and D.R.F. Harleman, Proc. A.S.C.E.,

Vol. 93, Wo. HY5, Sept. I967.

"Numerical and Analytical Solutions of Dispersion Problems in Homogeneous and Layered

Aquifers," U.Y. Shamir and D.R.F. Harleman, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 89,

May 1966.

"Behavior of Bacteriophage T2 in Flow

Through Porous Media," E. Aikins-Afful, Sc.D. Thesis, June I966.

"Lateral Dispersion Along a Dividing Streamline in Poroiis Media," M. Wathne, S.M. thesis,

Feb. 1966.

(3750) WAVE FORCES ON OFFSHORE STRUCTORES.

(b) Shell Development Compajiy.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; appJded

research (Doctoral thesis).

(e) Analytical and experimental study of offshore,

bottom supported structtires in deep water. Object is to determine methods of designing

for dynamic response in both periodic and

random waves. Platform response in terms of

the spectrum of deflection or bending stresses

are to be related to the wave spectrum In the

case of random waves.

(f) Completed.

(g) The structural response of an offshore struc- ture in random waves is developed by a superposition of dynamic response functions for the

periodic components of the wave spectrum.

For a given wave spectrum, the leg spacing

which minimizes the platform deflection has

been determined. The analytical methods have

been verified by tests on dynamically similar

platform models In a wave tank using periodic

and random waves. The effect of the direction

of approach of the random wave train has also

been studied.

(h) "The Dynamic Response of Fixed Offshore Structures to Periodic and Random Waves," J.H. Nath
and D.R.F. Harleman, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab.

Tech. Kept. No. 102, Jan. I967.

"The Dynamics of Fixed Towers in Deep Water

Eandom Waves, " J.H. Kath and D.R.F. Harleman,

Proc. A.S.C.E., Civil Engrg. in the Oceans,

San Francisco, Sept. 1967.

(1^160) MOTION OF SUBMERGED BODIES IN A STRATIFIED

FLOID.

(bj Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Prof. C.C. Mei, Prof. R.H. Cross, III.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

(Master's thesis).

(e) Col lapse of a homogeneous fl\iid mass in a stratified fluid. Dynamics of the wake of a

cylinder towed in a stratified fluid.

(g) The col lapse of a homogeneous fluid mass

immersed in a vertically stratified fluid has

been studied analytically. Two approximate

theories are constructed for different stages

of the process. For the initial stage when

the partition between the fluids Is just re- moved, an inviscid long wave theory Is worked

out with gravity as the only force governing

the collapse. For the final stage of decay, a viscous long wave theory Is derived. The

time variation of the horizontal spreading

velocity of the col lapsing mass Is compared

with available experiments with fair agreement.

Photographic evidence of the col lapse of twodimensional wakes behind a cylinder moving in a stratified fluid being sought in a glass

tank.

(h) "Surface Wave Pattern Due to a Submerged Source

TraveU-lng In a Stratified Ocean," C.C. Mel,

M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 92,

April 1966.

"Three-Dlmenslonal Momentumless Wakes in Density Stratified Fluids," P.J. Stockhausen,

C.B. Clark, and J.F. Kennedy, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 93; June I966.

"A Method for Generating Linear Density Profiles in Laboratory Tanks," C.B. Clark, P.J. Stockhausen, and J.F. Kennedy, Jour. Geophys.

Res., Vol. 72, No. k, mrch I967.

{k6k8) MECHANICS OF DISPERSION IN ESTOARY POLLUTION.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman, Hydrodynamics Lab., Mass. Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

(Master's and Doctoral theses).

(e) A basic study of estuary dispersion in an oscillating flow with fresh water throughflow

superimposed. Extension of Taylor analysis

of longitudinal mixing In estuary type flows.

Study of similitude of distorted estuary

models in regard to distribution of pollutants

in fresh water region of the estuary. Numerical solution of the dispersion equation In a variable area estuary.

(g) Experimental and analytical investigations

were conducted on longlt\idlnal mixing in a pipeline with a throughflow superimposed on

an oscillating flow. Exact solutions to the

dispersion equation were found for both

Instantaneous and continuous injection of

pollutants into an estuary-type flow and both

were verified experimentally. It was found

that the equation representing the concen- tration distribution of a continuously Injected pollutant must Include the tidal or oscillating velocity. The similitude of distorted estuary models in which dye is Injected

as a tracer was investigated. The results

indicate that concentration similitude is not obtained in distorted Froude models. Current

investigations are concerned with ninnerical

solutions for variable area estuaries which

account for non- linear effects in the tidal

convective motion,

(h) "Dispersion of Pollutants in Estuary Type

Flows", E.R. Holley, Jr., and D.R.F.

Harleman, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech.

Rept. No. 'Jk, Jan. I965.

"Dispersion of Po3-lutants in a Variable Area

Estuary", D. Zargar, S.M. thesis, Feb. I966.

"Interpretation of Water Pollution Data from

Tidal Estuary Models", D.R.F. Harleman, E.R. Holley, Jr., and W.C. Huber, Proc. Third

Intl. Conf . on Water Pollution Research,

Section III, Paper No. 3, Munich, Sept. I966,

(Pergammon Press).

"Numerical Solution of the Unsteady, Estuary

Dispersion Equation", D.R.F. Harleman,

C.H. Lee, and L.C. Hall, Proc. A.S.C.E., Natl.

Symp. on Estuarlne Pollution, Stanford Univ.,

Aug. 1967.

{k6k9) TURBULENT TRANSFER MECHANICS OF FLUID SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES.

(b) Pioneering Research Program, Institute of Paper

Chemistry.

(c^ Prof. A.T. Ippen; Prof. J.F. Kennedy.

(d) Basic research; experimental.

(e) Basic investigation of the effect on the

tiirbiolence structure in a shear flow of

suspended particles.

(f) Inactive.

(g) Velocity profiles and resistance coefficients

have been determined for high concentrations

of neutrally buoyant particles in water in a two-inch diameter pipe. Measurements included

spherical and non-spherical particles. Experiments established that the particles move In the average 10-15?^ faster than the suspending

fluid. This was accomplished by particles

tagged with a radio-active coating.

(h) "Particle and Fluid Velocities of Turbulent

Flows of Suspensions of Neutrally Buoyant

Particles", C.P.R. Roberts, J.F, Kennedy, and

A.T. Ippen, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech.

Rept. No. 103, Jan. I967.

{k65h) SINGLE AND TWO-PHASE FLOW BETWEEN CONCENTRIC

ROTAKHG CYLINDERS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. A.T. Ippen; Prof. L. W. Gelhar.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) The research program Is directed toward

improved understanding of the erosion and

suspension process in turbulent shear flow.

Experiments are made In a system consisting

of two concentric cylinders; each of which

rotates producing a centripetal acceleration

field which simulates the \isual gravitational

field.

(g) Measurements of mean velocity and turbulence

have been obtained In the rotating cylinder

system for the case with the two cylinders

rotating the same direction. The structiare

of the mean velocity profiles Indicates that

the flow is Influenced by secondary motions

generated at the ends of the cylinders. A

theoretical analysis of the secondary motion

yields results which agree with the observed mean velocity profiles. Currently measure- ments are being made for the case of counterrotating cylinders.

69
(h) "Secondary Motion and Turbulence in Circular

Couette Flow," L.W. Gelhar, W. Schriek, and

F.A. Benham, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech.

Kept. No. 97, July 1966.

"Boundary Layers in Circular Couette Flow,

F.A. Benham, S.M. thesis. May 1967-

(5115) SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY FOR WATER-RESOURCE PLANNING IN A REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT.

(b) M.I.T. Inter-American Program in Civil Engrg.

(c) Prof. R.T. McLaughlin, Hydrodynamics Lab., Mass. Inst. Tech.

(d) Theoretical and analytical; basic research.

(e) Research on the use of mathematical models

and systems analysis in planning for comprehensive development of water resources in

river basins or other hydrologic units. The

relationship of such developments to the social

and economic activity of the region in which

the unit is located is also being considered.

(g) Simplified mathematical models are being

investigated for possible use in obtaining

approximate answers in the early stages of a planning study. The resvilts of the simplified

models are being checked against results of

simulation.

(h) "Linear -Programming Analysis of River-Basin

Development," J.R. Wallace, Sc.D. thesis,

June 1966.

"Simulation of Political Interaction in

Multiple-Purpose River-Basin Development,"

J.W. Bulkley and R.T. McLaughlin, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 100, Oct.

1966.

"Operating Policies in the Simulation of RiverBasin Development," F. Ibanez, S.M. thesis,

Feb. 1967.

(5117) ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS.

(b) M.I.T. Inter-American Program in Civil Engrg.

(c) Prof. P.S. Eagleson.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

(Doctoral thesis).

(e) Development of improved analytical techniques

for the prediction of the time variation in

stream flow at some point in a drainage basin

due to a given temporal and areal distribution

of precipitation. Development of the means for

synthesizing these predictors in the absence

of long term hydrologic records.

(g) The laboratory rainmaker is being used in con- junction with a computer simulation of over- land flow to study the errors accompanying the

unavoidable lack of dynamic similarity in

using scale models of surface runoff.

The eqviipment is also being i;ised in the development and evaluation of analytical methods

for separating the surface and groundwater

components of streamflow.

(h) "The Synthesis of Short-Time-Increment Rainfall Sequences," R.A. Grace and P.S. Eagleson,

M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 91,

May 1966.

"Construction and Use of a Physical Model of

the Rainfall-Runoff Process," R.A. Grace and

P.S. Eagleson, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech.

Note Wo. 11, June I966.

"The Modelling of Overland Flow," R.A. Grace

and P.S. Eagleson, Water Resources Research,

Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 393-'+03, 1966.

"Computation of Optimum Realizable Unit Hydrographs," P.S. Eagleson, R. Mejia-R. and F. March

Water Resources Research, Vol. 2, No. k, pp. 755-76i^, 1966.

"Scale Model of Urban Runoff from Storm

Rainfall," R.A. Grace and P.S. Eagleson, Proc. A.S.C.E., HY3, No. 52l^9, PP. I6I-I76, May I967.

"A Model for Generating Synthetic Sequences of

Short-Time-Interval Rainfall Depths," R.A. Grace and P.S. Eagleson, Intl. Hydrology Symp.,

Fort Collins, Colo., Vol. 1, pp. 268-276,

Sept. 1966.

"An Extension of the Role of Linear Systems

Analysis in Hydrograph Theory," A. Barrera,

Ph.D. thesis, Sept. I967.

"An Extension of the Role of Linear Systems

Analysis in Hydrograph Theory," A. Barrera

and F.E. Perkins, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab.

Tech. Rept. No. I06, Sept. I967.

"study of Drainage Design Practices for Highway

Bridges ," J. P. Vittands, S.M. thesis, Sept.

1967.

( 5118) MECHANICS OF SEDIMENT RIPPLES AND DUNES AND

THEIR EFFECT ON CHANNEL ROUGHNESS.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture.

(c) Prof. J.F. Kennedy.

(d) Theoretical; basic research (Master's and

Doctoral theses).

(e) The formation of sediment ripples and dunes by

uniform free-surface flow, uniform infinite

flow, and oscillating flow has been investigated as a stability problem by using a potential flow solution for fluid motion over a small-amplitude wavy bed and a sediment transport law in which the transport rate at any

point is proportional to a power of the velocity

near the bed at some distance upstream. The

kinematics of the resulting sediment motion

are used to determine the conditions for wfiich

the bed waves will grow, and the behavior of

the resulting bed features.

(f) Completed.

(g) A method for predicting the friction factor of

uniform flows over sand beds in alluvial

channels has been developed. The friction

factor has been related to the flow quantities

that have been shown by the theoretical

analysis to govern the geometry of the bed

configuration. An extensive body of laboratory

and field data has been placed on computer cards

and computer programs have been develped to evaluate new methods of predicting channel

roughness and compare them with existing

methods

.

(h) "Friction Factors for Flows in Sand-Bed

Channels," A.Z. Alam, Sc.D. thesis, June I966.

(5119) TIDAL, SALINITY AND SEDIMENTATION PROBLEMS IN

LAKE MARACAIBO CHANNEL, VENEZUELA.

(b) M.I.T. Inter-American Program in Civil Engrg;

in collaboration with the Instituto Nacional

de Canalizaciones and the Unlversidad del

Zulia, in Venezuela.

(c) Prof. A.T. Ippen, Prof. R.H. Cross.

(d) Theoretical and experiment; basic research and

field investigation (Master's thesis).

(e) Purpose of basic research: Investigation of

flow variables and soil properties controlling

rates of erosion and deposition of fine co- hesive sediment in a flow field. Purpose of

field investigation: To determine the sources and motion of sediment and the time and spa- tial salinity distribution within the

Maracaibo estuary in Venezuela, and to utilize

this information for designing remedial works

in order to reduce shoaling in the Maracaibo

Navigable Channel and control salt water

intrusion into Lake Maracaibo.

70
(g) Basic reseaxch: The special apparatus developed consists of an anmalar rotating channel

and a counterrotating annular ring placed in

the channel and in contact with the water

surface. The relative motion of channel and

ring generates a uniform turbulent flow field.

Experiments with kaolinite clay suspensions

have revealed two important properties: (l)

The existence of a critical flow velocity for

clay deposition. (2) For a given flow, the

equilibrium concentration is a constant percentage of the initial sediment concentration

in the channel.

Field investigations: Resiilts point out that

most of the sediment comes from the G-ulf of

Venezuela transported near the bottom by

tidal and salinity currents. Also a bottom

layer at high salinity has been found to exist all the way to the entrance to the Lake

throughout the year.

(h) "Interaction of Tides, Salinity and Sediment

in the Lake Maracaibo Estmry in Venezuela,"

L. Corona Chuecos, E. Partheniades and J.F. Kennedy, Preprint A.S.C.E. Structiiral Engrg.

Conf., Miami, Fla., Jan. 1966.

"Salinity Intrusion and Sedimentation in the

Straits of Maracaibo," L.F. Corona Chuecos,

S.M. thesis, Feb. I966.

"Corriente Estratificade en Estuarios y su Influencia en la Sedimentacion de Los Canales

Navegables, " E. Partheniades, Boletin,

Sociedad Venezolana de Ingenieria Hidraulica,

Ano V, Numero 8, April I966.

"Field Investigations to Determine Sediment

Sources and Salinity Intrusion in the Maracaibo

Estuary, Venezuela," E. Partheniades, M.I.T.

Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. Ko. 9^, June

1966.

"Investigations of the Depositional Behavior

of Fine Cohesive Sediments in an Annular

Rotating Channel," E. Partheniades, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. Wo. 96, June

1966.

"Depositional Behavior of Fine Sediment in a Turbulent Fluid Motion," E. Partheniades,

J.F. Kennedy, Proc. 10th Conf. on Coastal

Engrg., Tokyo, Japan, Chapter h-1, Sept. I966.

"Deposition of Cohesive Sediments," A.A. Ayora,

S.M. thesis, June I967. "An Analysis of Salinity Distribution in the

Straits of Maracaibo," D.R.F. Harleman, L.F. Corona, and E. Partheniades, Proc. 12th

Congr., I.A.H.R., Fort Collins, Colo., Vol.

k, Sept. 1967.

(55^0) MINIMUM-COST DESIGN OF PIPE NETWORKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. R.T. McLaughlin, Hydrodynamics Lab., Mass. Inst. Tech.

(d) Analytical; design (Master's thesis).

(e) Marginal analysis by means of a digital com- puter is used to find the pipe network that

delivers prescribed amounts of water at fixed

points with a minimum cost of network and

pumping.

(f) Completed.

(g) Professional paper in process.

(h) "Minimum-Cost Design of Linear -Restrained

Water Distribution Networks," D.V. Smith,

S.M. thesis, Sept. I966.

{'^5^2) CAVITATION NEAR SURFACES OF DISTRIBUTED

ROUGHNESS.

(b) U.S. Army Research Office - Durham.

(c) Prof. A.T. Ippen.

(d) Experimental and theoretical (Doctoral thesis).

(e) The influence of various distributions of

roughness height on cavitation inception in a turbulent boundary layer. Boundary layer and

roughness parameters and the role of free

stream and boundary layer turbulence have been

correlated with cavitation inception.

(g) A significant correlation between the local

resistance coefficient and the cavitation

inception parameter has been established on

the basis of k saw-tooth roughnesses of

different height. The experiments are being

continued with comparable sand-grain rough- nesses . (h) "Cavitation near Surfaces of Distributed Roughness," R.E.A. Arndt and A.T. Ippen, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 10k, June

1967.

"Rough Surface Effects on Cavitation Inception,"

R.E.A. Arndt and A.T. Ippen, accepted for

publication, Trans., A.S.M.E. , Spring 1968.

(55*+^) TECHNIQUES OF MODELLING THERMAL STRATIFICATION

IN LAKES.

(b) M.I.T. Solar Energy Fund.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman, Hydrodynamics Lab., Mass. Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental and analytical (Doctoral thesis).

(e) Development of an analytical method for the

prediction of the vertical temperature distribution, as a function of time, in a lake or pond. Techniques of modelling a time dependent temperatiire structure in laboratory tanks

using artificial thermal radiation.

(g) A theory for the vertical temperature distribution has been developed. The theory

predicts the development of a surface mixed

layer of varying temperature and depth. The

results are applicable to deep lakes or shallow

ponds in which various bottom thermal boundary

conditions may be assumed. Experiments were conducted to verify the theory in a laboratory

tank using insolation supplied by mercury

vapor and infra-red lamps. The experiments

indicate that thermal stratification may be

reproduced in the laboratory for the study of

wind induced circulation or mechanical destratification by pumping. Current investigations are concerned with evaporative heat

losses in laboratory tanks.

(h) "Submerged Jets in a Denser Liquid with a Density Gradient, " A. S. Kubo, S.M. thesis,

June 1965.

"An Analytical and Experimental Investigation

of Thermal Stratification in Lakes and Ponds,"

J.M.K. Dake and D.R.F. Harleman, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 99, Sept.

1966.

"Induced Mixing in a Thermally Stratified

Fl\iid," J.P. Brainard, S.M. thesis, Feb. 1967.

(5823) TURBULENCE STRUCTURE OF FLOW IN ROUGH POROUS

CONDUITS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. L.W. Gelhar, Prof. A.T. Ippen.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

(Master's and Doctoral theses).

(e) The role of turbulence in sediment transport

mechanics is being investigated through

observations of turbulence structure near rough porous boundaries. Experiments are being made in a ten-inch diameter air flow

facility using hot-wire anemometry.

(g) Detailed measurements of tiirbulence in a

71
conduit roughened, with 0.13 inch diameter

spheres have been completed. The influence of

boundary porosity is now being investigated in a 12" diameter pipe with a 1" thick layer of

porous material on the inside of the pipe. A theoretical analysis of the effects of boundary

porosity has been developed,

(h) "Turbulence Characteristics of Rough Boundary

Shear Flow," C.D.D. Howard, S.M. thesis, Feb.

1966.

"Response of Turbxxlent Pipe Flow to Change in

Boundary Roughness," D.D. Moran, S.M. thesis,

June 1967.

(5825) OPTIMAL DESIGN OF SEVER AND DRAINA-GE SYSTEMS.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Prof. R.T. McLaughlin.

(d) Theoretical and analytical; basic research.

(e) Unsteady flow in systems of open channels is

being analyzed numerically \ising a digital

computer and dynamic programming is being

applied to the optimal design of such systems.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report in progress.

(h) "A Generalization of the Characteristic Method

for Free Surface Flow," M.S. Clark, S.M. thesis, Sept. 1966.

"Vertical Alignment of Sewer and Drainage

Systems by Dynamic Programming," D.A. Haith,

S.M. thesis, Sept. I966.

(5826) MECHANICS OF VISCOUS STRATIFIED FLOW.

(b) M.I.T., Sloan Basic Research Grant.

(c) Prof. L.W. Gelhar, Hydrodynamics Lab., Mass.

Inst. Tech.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

(lister's thesis).

(e) General studies of vlsco-us effects in density

stratified flows. The present study deals with

slow flow of a non-diffusive fluid.

(f) Completed.

(g) A mathematical model for slow viscous non- diffusive flow of a continuously stratified

fluid has been developed. The resulting

ordinary differential equation has been integrated numerically for a number of flow

problems including flow toward a line sink and

the developing shear layer between stratified

fluids moving at different velocities. Diffusive effects were found to be negligible

when density differences are caused by salinity differences.

(h) "Non-dlffuslve Characteristics of Viscous

Stratified Flow toward a Line Sink," L.W. Gelhar and D.M. Mascolo, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics

Lab. Tech. Kept. No. 88, Feb. I966.

{6hl3) SURFACE WAVE STUDIES.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Prof. A.T. Ippen, Prof. C.C. Mei.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

(Doctoral thesis).

(e) Linear and nonlinear wave propagation past

obstacles.

(g) The weak reflection of water waves by bottom

changes has been studied for the case of slowly

varying depth. Quadrature formulas for

quantities of practical interest have been

derived by a WKB- Iteration method via a Green's

function. For long obstacles with a flat

center section, it is found that under certain

conditions only the sloping ends are responsible

for the scattering. Other effects of obstacle

shape on the reflection coefficients have also

been foimd. A variational technique Is now

being applied to the wave transmission over a rectangular bar. This technique, originated

by J. Schwlnger, Is an adaption from problems

in electromagnetic waveguides with a thick

inductive window. Numerical studies are being

conducted for nonlinear waves of cnoidal-class

over an uneven bottom,

(h) "Note on the Equations of Long Waves over an Uneven Bottom," C.C. Mei and B. LeMehaute,

Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 393-

kOO, Jan. 1966.

"Wave Reflection and Transmission in Open

Channel Transitions," E.L. Bourodimos and A.T.

Ippen, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept.

No. 98, Aug. 1966. "Water Waves Transmission by Overtopping of an Impermeable Breakwater," P.J. Lamarre, S.M. thesis, Sept. I967.

"On the Weak Reflection of Periodic Water Waves

over Bottom Obstacles," C.C. Mel, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. IO8, Oct.

1967.

{6klk) TIDAL COMPUTATIONS IN ESTUARIES AND CANALS.

(b) Tidal Hydraiilics Committee, U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers.

(c) Prof. D.R.P. Harleman, Prof. A.T. Ippen, Hydrodynamics Lab., Mass. Inst, of Tech.

(d) Analytical; analysis of field data (Master's

thesis)

.

(e) Development of general digital computer techniques for the calculation of tidal motion In estuaries and sea level canals.

(g) An explicit finite difference computer program

has been developed for the determination of

tidal motion In estaurles and canals. The

program retains the nonlinear acceleration

terms and the nonlinear frictlonal resistance.

Computations have been carried out for the

Delaware and Savannah estuaries, Chincoteague

Bay, the Cape Cod and Panama Sea Level canals. In the latter case tidal motion has been com- puted for canals excavated by both conventional

and nuclear cratering techniques.

(h) "One-Dlmenslonal Tidal Computations in Estuaries

and Canals," C.H. Lee, S.M. thesis, Jan. I967.

"Numerical Computations of Tidal Currents In the Proposed Sea-Level Canal," Harleman, D.R.F. and C.H. Lee, I.O.C.S. Memo JAX-27, I895.I,

Dept. of the Army, Jacksonville District, Corps

of Engrs., Jacksonville, Fla., June I967.

(6ij-15) SALINITY INTRUSION IN ESTUARIES.

(b) Laboratory project and Tidal Hydraulics

Committee, U.S. Army Corps of Engrs.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman, Prof. A.T. Ippen.

(d) Theoretical and field investigation; applied

research (Master's thesis).

(e) Analysis of field data on salinity intrusion

and diffusion in estuaries. Development of

methods of predicting changes in logltudinal

distribution of salinity due to changes In fresh water flow rate, channel depth, tidal

prism, etc. Investigation of shoaling

phenomena related to salinity intrusion.

(g) Dlmenslonless correlations of the parameters

describing the longitudinal distribution of

salinity have been developed for constant area

estuaries. Included are data from a laboratory

salinity flume at W.E.S., the Rotterdam waterway and the Straits of Maracaibo. Method

permits prediction of salinity intrusion

changes. W.E.S. data has been analyzed on two- dimensional basis for determination of vertical

dispersion coefficients In salinity intrusion

72
region. A correlation "between 'bottom velocity

(averaged over a tidal cycle) and salinity

distribution results in the prediction of a "null point" where shoaling is usmlly heavy^

Changes in the longitiidinal location of the

"null point" may also be predicted due to changes in estuary geometry or flow. Studies on variable area estuaries are currently underway.

(h) "The Effect of Resistance Bars upon an Arrested

Salt Wedge," M. Hendrikse, S.M. thesis, Sept.

1965.

"One-Dimensional Analysis of Salinity Intrusion in the Rotterdam Waterway," D.R.F. Harleman and G. Abraham, Delft Hydraulics

Lab. Publ. No. hk, Oct. I966.

"Salt-Water Fresh-Water Relationships in Tidal

Channels," A.T. Ippen, Proc. 2nd Annual Amer,

Water Reso\irces Conf ., Chicago, 111, Nov.

20-22, 1966.

"Estuary Hydrodynamics, " A.T. Ippen, Proc.

Symp. on Hydrology of the Coastal Waters of

No. Carolina, Univ. of North Carolina, Rept.

No. 5, W.R.R.I., May I967.

"Two-Dimensional Aspects of Salinity Intrusion

in Est\3aries: Analysis of Salinity and

Velocity Distributions," D.R.F. Harleman and

A.T. Ippen, Committee on Tidal Hydraulics,

Corps of Engrs., Vicksburg, Tech. Bull. No. I3,

June 1967.

"An Analysis of Salinity Distribution in the

Straits of Maracaibo," D.R.F. Harleman, L.F. Corona and E. Pajrtheniades , Proc. 12th Congr.,

Intl. Assoc. Hydraulic Res., Fort Collins,

Sept. 1967.

{6kl6) EMCT OF SUBMERGENCE ON DISCHARGE OF BROADCRESTED WEIRS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman.

(d) Experimental; applied research (Master's

thesis)

.

(e) St\;uiy of effect of downstream tailwater on the

discharge characteristics of various shapes

of broad-crested weirs. Application is to flow over highway embankments.

(f) Completed.

(g) Discharge coefficients were determined for 10

broad-crested weirs for free and submerged

discharge conditions. The point of incipient

submergence was defined and found to be

dependent on the length of the weir crest in

the direction of flow.

(h) "Discharge Coefficients for Submerged BroadCrested Weirs," W.A. Thomas, S.M. thesis,

Sept. 1966.

{6kl^) THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN RESERVOIRS.

(b) M.I.T. Solar Energy Fund.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

(Doctoral thesis).

(e) Determination of analytical methods of predicting the transient temperat\ire distribution

in a reservoir having inflow and outflow.

Study includes determination of flow through

time in resei^oir as well as the time variation of the outlet water temperatiire

.

(g) The two-dimensional heat transfer equation has

been simplified by making assumptions regarding internal velocities and temperature

gradients. The resulting differential

equation includes the temperature variation of

the inflowing river, solar radiation input,

heat losses from the reservoir surface, and

outlet flow rate. The equation is solved by

means of an implicit finite difference scheme on a digital computer. Experiments have been

conducted on a kO ft. laboratory reservoir

model in which solar radiation is simulated by

infra-red heat lamps. Internal temperature

distributions and outlet water temperatures

are compared with predicted values,

(h) "Thermal Stratification in Reseirvoirs , " D.R.F. Harleman, Symp. on Streamflow Regulation for

Quality Control, Public Health Serv. Publ.

No. 999-WP-3O, R.A. Taft Sanitary Engrg. Ctr.,

Cincinnati, Ohio, June I965.

"Laboratory St\;idies on Thermal Stratification

in Reservoirs," D.R.F. Harleman and W.C. Huber,

A.S.C.E. Specialty Conf., Current Research

into the Effects of Reservoirs on Water Quality,

Portland, Ore., Jan. I968.

(6!4-l8) DIFFUSERS FOR MIXING OF NUCLEAR POWER PIANT

CONDENSER WATER. (See also No. 6715, P- 214-6).

(b) Tennessee Valley Authority, Engrg. Lab.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman, Hydrodynamics Lab., Mass. Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental; applied research (Master's

thesis)

.

(e) Model study of mixing of condenser water from

3300 MW Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant into

the Tennessee River. Investigation of

temperature rise in river upstream and downstream of the plant during steady state river

flows. Determination of temperature rise during

periods of no flow caused by peak-load operation

of down-stream hydroelectric plant.

(g) A two-dimensional model of a multi-port

diffuser has been constructed. The diffuser

is a 20 ft. diameter conduit extending across

the main river channel. Heated water is

introduced in the diffuser and temperature

rises in the river are measured with thermistor

probes. Measurements indicate that complete

mixing of the heated water and the river flow

is obtained in the downstream direction. For

low river discharges an upstream wedge of warm water is developed. Current investigations are concerned with the transient

temperature rise which occurs during periods

of zero river discharge.

(h) "Experimental Model Study of the Diffusion of

Hot Water of the Nuclear Power Plant on the

Tennessee River at Browns Ferry, Alabama,"

T.G. Curtis, Jr., B.S. thesis, Sept. I967.

(61+19) PREVENTION OF RECIRCULATION OF HEATED WATER

DISCHARGES FROM THERMAL POWER PIANTS.

(b) Stone and Webster Engineering Corp.; Tenn. Valley Authority.

(c) Prof. D.R.F. Harleman.

(d) Analytical and experimental; basic and

applied research (Master's thesis).

(e) Development of design methods for skimmer wall

structures to prevent recirculation of heated

water at condenser water intakes. Investigation of thermal stratification in the river

upstream and downstream of the plant site.

Effect of condenser water outlet design.

Model studies of complex recirculation problems.

(f) Active.

(g) Design equations for plane and semi-circular

skimmer walls have been developed. Analytical

studies have indicated the conditions under

which critical depths may exist in the

stratified flow adjacent to either the con- denser water intake or outlet channel. Laboratory experiments have extended the range of

73
Bata's investigation of recirculation. A

model study for the Valley Plant of the

Wisconsin Electric Power Co. has been completed.

Design procedures have been developed for

optimum similitiide in distorted models of

thermally stratified flows involving gravitational, interfacial friction and heat dissipation similitude,

(h) "Withdrawal from Two-Layer Stratified Flows,"

D.R.F. Harleman and R.A. Elder, Proc . A.S.C.E.,

Vol. 91, No. mk, July 1965.

"The Effect of Outlet and Intake Design on Cooling Water Recirculation," R.J. Wigh,

S.M. thesis, Sept. 196?.

"A Model Study of Thermal Stratification Produced by Condenser Water Discharge," D.R.F. Harleman and K.D. Stolzenbach, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 107, Oct. 196?.

(61+20) HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. P.S. Eagleson.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Use of concepts from information theory to develop generalized criteria for the design

and evaluation of hydrologlc instruments , net- works and measiiring programs.

(g) Conventional, tlpping-bucket raingages are shown to be inadequate for many problems of

urban hydrologlc analysis.

When estimating long-term average areal rainfall the error of estimate is often quite

insensitive to the use of more than twD point

measuring stations.

(h) "Some Criteria for the Measurement of Rainfall

and Runoff," P.S. Eagleson and W.J. Shack,

Water Resources Research, Vol. 2, Wo. 3; PP'

1+27-1+36, 1966.

"Optimum Density of Rainfall Networks," P.S.

Eagleson, Water Resources Research, Vol. 3) No. 1+, pp. 1021-1033, 1967.

(61+21) OPTIMUM LINEAR SYNTHESIS IN URBAN HYDROLOGY.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research, U.S. Dept.

of the Interior.

(c) Prof. P.S. Eagleson.

(d) Theoretical; basic research (Master's and

Doctoral theses).

(e) Development of a digital computer simulation

of surface runoff on urban catchments . The

simulation will be used to investigate (l)

analytical errors due to lumping of distributed

systems (2) analytical errors due to the

assumption of linear behavior (3) experimental

errors due to sampling of areally variable

rainfall, and to develop an optimum linear

model for use in hydraulic design.

(61+22) COMPUTER-AIDED TEACHING IN HYDRAULICS AND

HYDROLOGY.

(b) National Science Foimdation.

(c) Prof. F.E. Perkins, Hydrodynamics Lab., Mass.

Inst, of Tech.

(d) Development (Master's thesis).

(e) Development of problem- oriented computer

langmge for use in hydraulics and hydrology

courses. Presently concerned with the

establishment of flexible data structures and

commands for the storage, retrieval and analysis of typical hydrologlc data, and for the

analysis of flows In closed condmts. Result-

. ing system will be an integral part of M.I.T. 's I.C.E.S. computer system,

(h) "A Program for Computer-Alded Highway Design,"

A. Sllva, S.M. thesis, June I967.

71+

"I.C.E.S. Subsystem Design-Open Channel Water

Surface Profile Computations," T.C. Gamble,

B.S. thesis, June I967.

"Numerical Refraction and Diffraction for

Coastal Areas," R.D. Smart, S.M. and C.E. thesis, June I967.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHHdLOGY, Dept. of

Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, Mass. 02139

(6105) STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. James A. Fay and Prof. David P. Hoult,

Dept. of Mechanical Engrg., M.I.T.

(d) The project consists of laboratory experiments,

field investigations, and studies of semiemplrlcal theories.

(e) Aerodynamic motion of buoyant plumes rising

from high smoke stacks is the subject under

investigation. The purpose of the research

is to find simple, accurate methods for com- puting the trajectory of the plumes, and the

ground level concentration of pollutants due

to the smoke stack.

(g) A simple entrainment model has been found to give accurate predictions of a plume trajectory.

(6106) DEVELOPMENT OF INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP.

(b) National Heart Institute, National Inst, of

Health.

(c) A.H. Shapiro, Ford Professor of Engrg. and

Head, Dept. of Mechanical Engrg., Mass. Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(e) This Is a method for assisting patients in

heart failure. It provides, with only minor

surgery, a prosthetic ventricle In series

with the left ventricle, and Is capable of

reducing the work load on the heart. A

balloon is inserted into the aorta, at the end

of a catheter, through either the carotid

or femoral artery. The proximal end of the

catheter is connected to a gas source. By

inflating the deflating the balloon In proper

phase with the heart cycle, the maximum

pressure against which the heart p\mips may be

reduced and the workload of the left ventricle

may be partially transferred to the aortic

balloon.

Regardless of the state of the art of heart

replacement, a simple procedure for assisting

the heart will always be needed, whether to assist the patient's own heart, until it can

recover, or until the patient's condition

Improves sufficiently so that he can undergo

any necessary surgery, or as a permanent or semi -permanent prosthetic device,

(g) Theoretical work is underway and model experimental apparatus has been constructed to

investigate the balloon-wall motions, the

fluid motions, and the pressure distributions.

(6107) SKIN FRICTION FOR lAMINAR AND TURBULENT

OSCILLATORY FLOW IN A TUBE.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Terry J. Vander Werff, Graduate Stiaient,

Dept. of Mech. Engrg., Mass. Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental; Master's thesis.

(e) The project is an investigation of the skin

friction for purely harmonic oscillatory f j.ow

of an Incompressible fluid in a tube.
Experimentally, the skin friction is found by

measuring the pressure gradient in a region of

fully developed flow and subtracting off the

inertial contribution, which is accurately

known from the boundary conditions. The

resulting data will be plotted as a function

of the two parameters of the flow, the

Reynolds number (Re = QA/Av, where Q is the

magnitude of the volume flow oscillation and

A the tube area) and the frequency parameter

2 2 (a =a)R /v, where w is the frequency of

oscillation)

.

The purpose of the experiment is twofold: to provide skin friction data, as a function of

2

the two parameters a and Re; and to map the

regions in the a - Re plane where various

theories resonably predict the flow.

(6l08) RESEAECH ON PERISTALTIC PUMPING.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) A.H. Shapiro; see (6l06) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical research;

Doctoral thesis.

(e) The pumping action of peristaltic waves moving

along a flexible tube is studied with special

attention given to the presence of reverse

flow. A reverse flow may explain how infection passes from the bladder to the kidney in

a direction opposite to the main urine flow.

The influences of wave shape and tube geometry

on the pumping are also investigated.

(g) A theory has been completed when the ratio of

wavelength to tube diameter is large and the

Reynolds number is zero. An experimental

apparatus has oeen built to check the theory

and its validity range. The predicted flowpressure gradient relation is in good agreement

with the experimental values for Reynolds

nizmbers less than one. Both theory and

experiment show the presence of a reverse flow

near the walls

.

(h) "On Peristaltic Pumping," T.W. Latham and A.H.

Shapiro, Engrg. in Medicine and Biology, Proc .

,

19th Annual Conf., 1966, p. IkJ

.

"Pumping and Retrograde Diffusion in Peristaltic waves," A.H. Shapiro, Proc. Workshop on Ureteral Reflex in Children, Washington, D.C.,

1967, p. 109.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Dept. of Naval

Architecture and Marine Engrg., Ship Model Towing

Tank, Cambridge, Mass. 02139

(6607) MAINTAINING SHIP SPEED AT SEA - SHIP PERFORMANCE IN A SEAWAY.

(b) U.S. Maritime Administration.

(c) Prof. M.A. Abkowitz, Room 5-319, Mass. Inst,

of Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research,

development; masters and doctor theses.

(e) The broad aspect of improving ship performance

in rough seas is being studied by more specific investigations in the following areas:

1. Improvement in model testing techniques

for performance prediction and evaluation.

2. Improvement and consolidation of theoretical methods for prediction of ship

responses* in a seaway, including added

resistance in a seaway.

3. Development and application of techniques

to predict maximum response in a given seaway.

k. Development of consolidated, but extensive

computer programs to facilitate the application of these development into the

design process.

*Responses are displacements, velocities, accelerations, speed loss, structural loading, slamming, etc.

(h) Some 15 reports over the last six years. Some

of the recent ones are: "Recent Developments in Seakeeping Research and

Its Application to Design," M.A. Abkowitz, L.A. Vassilopoulos, F.H. Sellars IV, Trans. Soc. Naval Arch, and Marine Engrgs., 1966.

"The Analysis and Modelling of Irregular

Waves," F. Sellars and T. Loukakis, MIT Dept.

Naval Arch, and Marine Engrg., Rept. No. 66-5, 1966.

"The Added Resistance of a Ship Among Waves ,

R. Beck, MIT Dept. Naval Arch, and Iferine

Engrg., Rept. No. 67-9, June I967.

"The Limiting Height of Ocean Waves," F. Sellars, MIT Dept. Naval Arch, and Marine

Engrg., Rept. No. 67 -10, June I967.

"The Dynamic Calibration of Shipborne Wave

Gages," F. Sellars, MIT Dept. Naval Arch.

and Marine Engrg., Rept. No. 67- 11, July I967.

"The Motion of Hinged Ships in Regular Head

Seas," F. Marbury, MIT Dept. Naval Arch, and

Marine Engrg., Rept. No. GT-lh, Oct. I967.

A report on maximum responses of a hull in a seaway is expected in Sept . 1968 and a report on motions and hingeloading of models of

hinged ships in a seaway is expected in June

1968.

(6608) MOTION AND STABILITY OF AMPHIBIOUS CRAFT IN

WAVES AND SURF.

(b) Marine Corps, through Office of Naval Research.

(c) Prof. M.A. Abkowitz, Dept. Naval Arch, and

Marine Engrg., Room 5-319. Mass. Inst, of

Tech.

(d) Experimental; applied research; master's

thesis.

(e) The project attempts to gain insight into the

hydrodynamic phenomena affecting the motion of

landing craft in surf in order to predict and

evaluate stability and performance in beaching

operations. Studies involved the measurement,

on models, of stability coefficients, by stepresponse technique in simulated deep and

shallow water, excitations in the horizontal

plane by waves and sxirf , and observations of

motion response during beaching operation of

the model of a lai'di g craft.

(h) "Stability of Amphibious Craft LVTP-X12 in

Waves and Surf," W.R. Patterson, MIT Dept.

Naval Arch, and Marint Engrg., Rept No. 68-1, Jan. 1968 (also master's thesis).

(6609) MAXIMUM MOTIONS AND BENDING MOMENT LOADINGS

OF DESTROYERS IN SEVERE SEA STATES.

(b) U.S. Navy, Naval Ship Res. and Dev. Ctr.

(c) Prof. M.A. Abkowitz; see (6608) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied

research and development.

(e) To use and further develop the technique of

generating, in the towing tank, long time

samples of random irregular seas of any

specified spectral distribution. The specific

model testing program involves the determination of maximum responses, especially midship bending moment, of destroyer models,

with and without large bow sonar domes, in

75
several heavy sea states. Development of the

technique involved (l) the building of a

unique "beach in the towing tank in order to kill wave reflections to allow long time

SEimples and (2) the generation of purely

random seas of given spectral content by

means of a white noise generator,

(h) Progress reports to Naval Ship Res. and Dev.

Ctr. Two reports are expected in I968: one

on the effectiveness of the new beach and the

other on the maximum responses of the destroyer hulls in the severe sea states.

UinVERSITY OF MA.SSACHUSETTS , School of Engineering,

Amherst, Mass. 01002

(2561) HYDROLOGY STUDIES IN MASSACHUSETTS.

(b) Cooperative with the U.S. Geological Survey,

the Massachusetts Water Resoijrces Commission,

and the Mass. Water Resoiarces Research Center.

(c) Assoc. Prof. George R. Higgins, Univ. of Mass.,

Engrg. Bldg.

(d) Experimental; field and laboratory; for

hydrologic information to better assess

the water resources potential of the

Commonwealth.

(e) Flow duration curves and recurrence interval

curves were prepared for nearly all the gaged

streams in Massachusetts through the water

year I962. Mass curves for storage-yield

re]^tionships have been extended through 1965.

Present emphasis is concerned with evaporation

studies to determine the effect of evaporation

on reservoir yield in New England.

(h) A 250-page "Preliminary Report" was submitted

to the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission

in 1961+ and an updated "interim Report" was submitted to the Massachusetts Water Resources

Center in I967. Copies are available upon

request. Continmng projects are anticipated

dealing with reservoir stratification and

thermal pollution.

(5371) A PHOTOMICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF NONNEWTONIAN FLOWS AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) Dr. Charles E. Carver, Jr., Prof, of Civil

Engrg., Univ. of Mass.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Laminar velocity profiles have been determined

from photomicrographs of the motion of polystyrene latex spheres 0.557 microns m diameter

dispersed in distilled water and three different aqueous solutions of non-Newtonian additives flowing in a lucite channel of cross- section 13 X 1.5 ram at a channel Reynolds

number of 0.92.

(g) Velocity profile for distilled water agrees

within 2^ with the theoretical parabolic distribution for laminar flow between parallel

flat plates. Profiles for the additives at both concentrations of 0.125'=^ and 0.25^ were indistinguishable from that of distilled

water except near the boundaries, from 20-50

microns, where the velocity was measurably

higher. Experiments are being repeated for

turbulent flow in a 0.25- inch circular tube

using high speed cinemamicrophotography.

(h) "Measurement of Laminar Velocity Profiles with

!Ton- Newtonian Additives," in Fluid Mechanics

Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 1.

(5373) EFFICIENCY OF SPRAY AERATION.

(b) National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public

Health Service.

(c) Dr. Charles E. Carver, Jr.; see (5371).

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Overall oxygen transfer coefficients have

been measured for deaerated water droplets

falling through the atmosphere as a function

of drop size and drop distance. The experiments are repeated with a synthetic detergent

added to the water. Transfer coefficients

are also measured from fully aerated water

droplets falling through a pure nitrogen

atmosphere as a function of drop size and

drop distance and these experiments are repeated with a synthetic detergent added.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report in preparation.

(6666) FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE USE OF A PNEUMATIC

BREAKWATER FOR THE SURFACE LAUNCHING OF A

MANNED SUBMERSIBLE.

(b) Dept. of Defense, Project THEMIS.

(c) Dr. Charles E. Carver, Jr.; see (5371).

(d) Experimental.

(e) Experiments will be conducted in a wave channel in which wind waves will be generated

in order to estimate power requirements for

reducing wave amplitudes using a pneumatic

breakwater. Ultimate aim is to produce a tranquil zone in the vicinity of a mother

ship for the safe launching of a small manned

submersible.

(6667) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEFORMATION AND NONNEWTONIAN BEHAVIOR OF SUSPENSIONS OF DEFORMABLE PARTICLES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. D. Chappelear, Dept. of Chemical Engrg.

,

Univ. of Mass.

(d) Experimental; basic research for Ph.D.. thesis.

(e) Measurements of deformation and orientation of

suspended deformable particles will be made as a function of shear rate and shear stress in an attempt to correlate these phenomena with

the non-Newtonian behavior of this type of

suspension. The measurements will be made

by light scattering techniques employing a

special cell to be used in a viscometer for

accurate shear data.

(g) Project is in the initial stages of equipment

design with the experimental system chosen.

(6668) THEORY OF COALESCENCE: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

FOR THE APPROACH OF A DEFORMABLE DROP TO AN

INTERFACE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr, Irwin Feuerstein or Prof. D.C. Chappelear,

Chemical Engrg. Dept.. Univ. of Mass.

(d) Theoretical; basic research for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The model will describe the shape and velocity

of a drop as it approaches an interface. Such

information it is hoped will lead to a better

understanding of coalescence.

(g) The velocity and shape for slightly deformed

drops have been determined.

(h) Chappelear, D.C, Jovac. Colloid Sci., V0I.I6,

186, 1961

(6671) THE EVALUATION OF AN EBULLIENT BED CATALYTIC

REACTOR.

(c) Dr. R.S. Kirk, Chemical Engrg. Dept., Univ.

of Mass.

(d) Theoretial, experimental, technological:

76
doctoral investigation with both experimental

and theoretical aspects. Major emphasis on the

technological facets such as the design and

development of an ebullient reactor,

(e) Study the effect of fundamental design parameter variations with respect to capacity,

quality jf product, and simplicity of design

of an ebullient bed reactor using the oxidation of liquid ethanol as the three-phase

heterogeneous catalytic system.

(6672) A MODEL FOR PREDICTING EFFECTIVE THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITIES OF HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. R.S. Kirk, see (667I) above.

(d) Theoretical, Experimental, Basic.

(e) A model has been proposed to facilitate prediction of the effective thermal conductivity

of a multi-phase system from readily measurable

characteristics of the componenets of the

system.

(6673) DROPWISE COHDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER OF MERCURY.

(b) Chemical Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Mass.

(c) Dr. L.H.S. Roblee, Jr., Chemical Engrg. Dept.,

Univ. of Mass.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) Study of heat transfer and flow parameters of

condensing mercury, the purpose of which is to contribute data and a better understanding of

the phenomena of dropwise condensation of

liquid metals

.

(6675) DROPWISE CONDENSATION OF STEAM.

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

Office of Naval Research.

Dr. L.H.S. Roblee, Jr.; see (6673) above.

Experimental; for master's thesis.

High speed motion pictures were taken at elevated pressures and analyzed to obtain

factors, if any, which give rise to a maximum

in the heat transfer coefficient versus pressure plot.

Three factors have been found which are felt to be the main reason for the maximum in the

heat transfer coefficient versus pressure plot.

They are overall driving force, free area, and

cycle time of the drops on the surface.

"Dropwise Condensation of Steam at Atmospheric

and Above Atmospheric Pressures," J.T. O'Bara,

E.S. Killian and L.H.S. Roblee., Chemical Eng.

Science, Vol. 22, pp. 1305-131'+, 1967 (Reprints

obtained by writing Dr. L.H.S. Roblee, Jr.,

Chemical Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Mass., Amherst,

Mass .

)

(6676) MASS TRAMSFER IN SULFUR DIOXIDE -AIR-WATER

SYSTEM.

(c) Dr. K. Cashin, Chemical Engrg. Dept., Univ.

of Mass.

(d) Experimental; applied research for master's

thesis

.

(e) A 5 ft. high column packed with 3/8-inch

Raschig rings is used to scrub sulfur dioxide

from air with water. The rate of absorption

is calculated from concentration and flow data.

(6677) DEVELOPMENT OF A MOMENT METHOD TO SOLVE THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL BOUKDARY LAYER EQUATIONS.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Prof. J. Fillo, Principal Investigator, or

Mr. E. Cheng, Research Asst., Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engrg., Univ. of Mass.

(d) Theoretical.

(e) Utilization of the moment method to solve

three-dimensional boundary layer equations,

(h) "Effects of Compressibility and Viscosity in

Curved Flows," J.A. Fillo and S.N.B. Murthy,

Presented at Fifth Technical Mtg., Soc. of

Engrg. Science.

(6678) VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS AT EXTREME SHEAR IN LAMINAR FLOW.

(t

(c

(d

(e

(6679

(t) (c

(d

(e

(6680

(c

(d

(e

(6681

(b

(c

(d

(e

Laboratory project.

Prof. R.S. Porter, Dept. of Chemical Engrg.,

Univ. of Mass. Basic research.

Methods of determining viscosity at extreme

shear in the case of pure compounds and

polymer solutions

.

PROPELLER AND WAKE NOISE IN DEEP-SEA SUBMERSIBLES.

Dept. of Defense, Project THEMIS.

Prof. G.A. Russell and S.N.B. Murthy, Dept. of

Mechanical and Aerospace Engrg., Univ. of Mass. Applied and technological.

The relation between vorticity and noise in

regard to generation and transmission is under

study both experimentally and theoretically.

Turbulence correlations are also included.

THRUST-GENERATION BY ELECTRO-MAGNETIC

ACCELERATION OF COLLOIDS.

Dept. of Defense, Project THEMIS.

Prof. S.N.B. Murthy and J.G. McGowan, Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engrg., Univ. of Mass. Applied and technological.

The stability of motion of fluids in which

colloid suspensions are used for acceleration

of the fluid is under study.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL LOSSES IN SUBMERSIBLE

BODIES AND PROPELLERS.

Dept. of Defense, Project THEMIS.

Prof. J.A. Fillo, D.E. Cromack and S.N.B.

Murthy, Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace

Engrg., Univ. of Mass. Basic research.

Considering the three-dimensional boundary

layer effects on submerged bodies, it is proposed to determine experimentally and theoretically the method of obtaining aerodynamic

models for hydrodynamic systems.

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY. Dept . of Civil Engrg. , East Lansing, Michigan 1+8823

(6700) STABILITY AND FLUID FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. CM. Potter, Dept. of Mechanical Engrg.,

Mich. State Univ.

(d) Theoretical; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) A study of stability of parallel shear flow

subject to rotation.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Department of Civil Engrg. , Ann Arbor, Michigan hUlOh

(4858) WATER HAMMER: RESONANCE IN TRIPLEX PUMP

SUCTION AND DISCHARGE LINES.

(b) National Science Foundation; Union Pump Co.

(c) Prof. V.L. Streeter, Prof, of Hydraulics,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ. of Mich.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

77
(e) Theoretical determination of resonance-free

suction lines and experimental study of actual

transients

.

(f) Excellent agreement obtained with experiment

using linearized Impedance methods and the

nonlinear characteristics method.

(h) "Hydraulic Transients Caused by Reciprocating

Pumps," V.L. Streeter and E.B. Wylie, Paper

No. 66-WA/FE-29, ASME Winter Ann. Mtg., New

York, Nov. 27-Dec.l, I966.

(14-859) PULSATILE FLOW THROUGH ARTERIES.

(b) National Institutes of Health.

(c) Prof. V.L. Streeter; see (I+858) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) Computer simulation of portions of the arterial tree; experimental studies of energy

dissipation in pulsatile flow through distensible tubes.

(h) "Flow Throxigh Tapered Tubes with Nonlinear Wall

Properties," E.B. Wylie, Symp. on Biomechanics,

ASME, New York, 1966.

"Unsteady Flows in Lines with Distributed

Leakage," David C. Wiggert, Jour. Hyd. Div.,

ASCE, Vol. 9k, No. HY 1, Jan. 1968, pp. ll+3- 162.

"Frequency Dependent Friction in Transient

Pipe Flow," W. Zielke, Paper No. 67-Wa/FE-15,

ASME Winter Ann. Mtg., Pittsburgh, Pa., Nov. 12-17, 1967.

{k862) WATER HAMMER, LIQUID COLUMN SEPARATION.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. V.L. Streeter; see {h&'^Q) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) Study of wall shear under cavitating con- ditions.

(h) "Colimn Separation Accompanying Liquid Transients in Pipes," R.A. Baltzer, Paper No. 67-WA/FE-I6, ASME Winter Ann. Mtg., Pittsburgh,

Pa., Nov. 12-17, 1967.

{k9k6) RESOMCE IN PIPE LIKES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. E.B. Wylie, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ.

of Michigan.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) Study of resonance in complex systems.

(h) "Schwingungen in Druckrohrleitungen Anwendung

der Impedenz-Methode unter Berucksichtigung

des Reibungsunflusses, " E.B. Wylie and W. Zielke, Die Wasserwirtshaft, 57 Jahrgang,

Heft 2, pp. 91-96, 1967.

(5558) FLOOD PREDICTION.

(b) Michigan State Highway Dept.; and U.S. Bureau

of Public Roads.

(c) Dr. E.F. Brater, Prof, of Hydraulic Engrg., Dept.

of Civil Engrg.

(d) Analysis of field data, basic research.

(e) Rainfall and runoff data from small watersheds

in southwestern Michigan are being analyzed to determine infiltration capacities and flood

hydrograph shapes for the purpose of predicting

the frequency of floods on watersheds in various

stages of urbanization.

(h) Preliminary results presented in a paper "Steps

Toward a Better Understanding of Urban Runoff

Processes" to be published in an early issue

of Water Resources Research (Amer. Geophys.

Un.).

(5916) RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONS ON URBAN AND RURAL

AREAS.

(b) National Institutes of Health.

(c) Dr. E.F. Brater; see (5558) above.

(d) Analysis of field data, basic research.

(e) Rainfall and runoff data from small watersheds

in various stages of urbanization are being

studied to determine the effect of such factors

as size of basin, the amount of impermeable

areas, shape of basin and the nature of the

drainage network in storm runoff.

(h) "Steps Toward a Better Understanding of Urban

Runoff Processes," E.F. Brater, Water Resources

Research, Vol. k, No. 2, April I968, p. 335.

(5917) VALVE STROKING TO CONTROL WATERHAMMER.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. V.L. Streeter; see (.h-Q'yQ) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) Development of theoretical eqmtions for motion

of a valve so that the transient ceases the

instant the valve motion ceases; confirmation

on k,000 ft. line with servo-operated valve.

(h) "Valve Stroking for Complex Piping Systems,"

V.L. Streeter, Jour. Hyd. Div., ASCE, Paper

5238, HY 3, May I967, pp. 8I-98.

(61+23) UNSTEADY OPEN CHANNEL FLOW, see p. I5I+.

(614-21+) WAVE FORCES ON SUBMERGED STRUCTURES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. E.F. Brater; see (5558) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research and application

to engineering design.

(e) Study of forces on submerged pipe lines.

(g) Instrumentation completed and testing program

is being started.

(61+25) TRANSIENTS IN GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. V.L. Streeter; see (5917) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental (field); basic

research, for doctor's degree.

(e) Application of characteristics method for

control of gas distribution systems.

(61+26) SUCTION LINE DYmMICS SATURN V ROCKET.

(b) NASA.

(c) Prof. V.L. Streeter; see (5917) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) Study of possible longitudinal oscillation of

the structure caused by cavitations in the

fuel pump suction lines.

(g) Explanation of coupling cycle for longitudinal

(pogo stick) vibrations.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Dept. of Nuclear Engrg.,

Laboratory for Fluid Flow and Heat Transport

Phenomena , Ann Arbor, Michigan I+8IO5

(611+1+) ASYMMETRIC BUBBLE COLLAPSE.

(b) National Science Foundation; Army Research

Office-Durham.

(c) Prof. F.G. Hammitt, Prof, of Nuclear Engrg.,

Dept. of Nuclear Engrg., Univ. of Michigan.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) Study of the asymmetric collapse of vapor

(and gas) bubbles in fluid streams.

(611+5) CAVITATION STUDIES.

(b) Worthington Corp.

(c) Prof. E.G. Hammitt; see (6ll+l+) above.

78
(d) Experimental, applied research.

(e) Determination of the relative resistances of

metals and alloys to cavitation erosion under

different conditions of temperature and

pressure.

{6lk6) CAVITATION TESTING.

(b) Birdsboro Steel Corp.

(c) Prof. F.G. Hammitt; see (6l4lt) above.

(d) Experimental development.

(e) Development of a laboratory technique for

determining the relative resistances of

various stainless steels to cavitation

erosion.

(6ll)-7) BUBBLE NUCLEAE^ATION, GROWTH AND COLLAPSE

PHENOMENA.

b) National Science Foundation.

c) Prof. E.G. Hammitt, Prof, of Nuclear Engrg.,

Dept. of Nuclear Engrg., Univ. of Mich.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for thesis.

(e) Study of the details of the growth and collapse

of vapor and gas bubbles in liquids with

particular reference to the problem of sodium

superheat

.

1966.

(6172) SUPERCRITICAL CIRCULAR COUETTE FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.R. Debler, Dept. of Engrg. Mechanics,

Univ. of Michigan.

d^ Experimental research.

e) The investigation of the speed-torque relationship immediately after Taylor instability

occurs.

(g) The slope of the speed-torque curve has been

obtained for various cylinder diameter ratios

ranging from O.5O to 0.95- The outer cylinder

was constrained by a torsion wire and air

bearing.

(6173) INTERNAL WAVES AND WAKES IN A STRATIFIED FLOW.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Prof. W.R. Debler; see (6172) above.

(d) Experimental research.

(e) The study of the role of stratification of the

development of 2 and 3 dimensional wakes; the

generation of internal waves by the body and

its wake in a stratified fliaid. (g) No final results to date.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Engineering Mechanics Dept. , Ann Arbor, Mich, it 8104

(6169) NON-HOMOGENEOUS AND ROTATING FLUIDS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. C.S. Yih, Dept. of Engrg. Mechanics,

Univ. of Michigan.

(d) Theoretical and experimental basic research.

(e) The investigation of large amplitude flows in

non-homogeneous and rotating fluids.

(g) Theoretical solutions have been obtained to a number of problems which are discussed in the

publication below.

(h) "Equations Governing Steady Three-Dimensional

Large-Amplitude Motions in a Stratified

Fluid," Jour. Fluid Mech., Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 539-5^^, 1967.

(6170) STABILITY AND SECONDARY FLOWS IN STRATIFIED

FLUIDS.

(b) Army Research Office.

(c) Prof. C.S. Yih; see (6169) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental research.

(e) Investigation of stability of stratified flows

down inclined planes; wind generated waves; and convective instability in flowing fluids.

(g) Theoretical solutions have been obtained to a number of problems which are discussed in the

publication below.

(h) "Instability Due to Viscosity Stratification,"

Jour. Fluid Mech,, Vol. 27, No, 2, pp. 337-352,

1967.

(6171) DRAG REDUCTION.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Prof. W.P. Graebel, Dept. of Engrg. Mechanics,

Univ. of Mich,

(d) Theoretical and experimental basic research.

(e) An investigation of the effect of non-Newtonian

fluid properties on drag reduction.

(g) Theoretical solutions have been obtained to a

nurriber of problems which are discussed in the

publication below.

(h) "On Determination of the Characteristic Equations for the Stability of Parallel Flow,"

Jour. Fluid Mech., Vol. 2h, No. 3, pp. I+97-508,

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ship Hydrodynamics Laboratory , Ann Arbor, Michigan i+SlOil

(6682) RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSOM STERN

MERCHANT SHIP HULL FORMS.

(b) Friede and Goldman, Inc.

(c) Prof. F.C. Michelsen, Ship Hydrodynamics Lab.,

Univ. of Michigan.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Various ship hull forms have been developed,

all of which feature a transom stern, some of

which are mathematically describable, and all

of which feature large bulbous bows. Basic

powering information for this class of hull

forms is being established.

(f) Completed.

(g) Within the range of parameters investigated,

powering for high speed transom stern merchant

ships can be made competitive with that of

other, more common hull configurations if

careful attention is given to the design of the

transom and bulbous bow.

(h) To be published by Soc. Naval Architects and

Marine Engrs

.

(6683) RESISTANCE COMPONENTS OF BOXLIKE FORMS TRAVELING ON THE FREE SURFACE.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Mr. J.L. Moss, Ship Hydrodynamics Lab., Univ.

of Michigan.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Boxlike forms with a range of parameters of

length to width and width to draft are towed

on a straight course through a range of speeds

.

Forces are measured on the ends of the boxes

and wave elevations are measured. The basic

resistance components of wave resistance, eddymaking resistance, and frictional resistance

can be determined.

(g) Results to be available in mid-1968.

(h) Final report to be prepared.

(6684) EFFECTIVE AND SHAFT HORSEPOWER FOR HIGH SPEED

TRANSOM SHIPS.

(b) Maritime Admin., U.S. Dept. of Commerce.

(c) J.L. Moss; see (6683) above.

79
(d) Experimental; applied research; design.

(e) Up to 15 different systematically related

transoms are being designed and tested for

resistance and propulsion characteristics

through a broad speed range and under several

different loading conditions each.

(g) Results will be available in late I968.

(h) Final report to be prepared.

(6685) THE VISCOUS DRAG OF SIMPIiE BODIES NEAR A FREE

SURFACE

.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) Mr. John C. Gebhardt, Dept. of Naval Architecture, Univ. of Mich.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research;

Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The effect of the free surface on the viscous

drag of a two-dimensional hydrofoil is being

studied both theoretically and experimentally.

Variations of skin friction with Froude number

are sought.

(g) Significant changes in pressure distributions

with changing Froude number are evident.

(h) Report to be prepared.

UNIVERSITY OF MIMESGTA, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic

Lab., see St. Anthony Falls

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Columbia, Missouri 65201

(5827) EFFECT OF AQUATIC GROVmiS ON THE RESISTANCE

TO FLOW IN PIPES.

(b) Missouri State Water Pollution Board.

(c) Dr. John J. Cassidy and Dr. Darrel L. King,

Civil Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Missouri.

(d) Experimental; basic; M.S. thesis.

(e) Nutrients are being added to water in order

to grow algae and other organisms on the

walls of pipes through which the water is

being pumped. Change in the resistance co- efficient with time is being measured.

(f) Completed.

(g) Equivalent sand-grain roughness was correlated

with the weight of algae adhering to a unit area of pipe.

(h) "Resistance to Flow in Pipes as a Function of

Aquatic Growth," Annual Progr. Rept. on Water

Pollution Control 1966, Engrg. Expmt. Station,

Univ. of Missouri.

(5828) SPILLWAY DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS AND PRESSURE

DISTRIBUTIONS AS A FUNCTION OF SPILLWAY SHAPE.

(b) Univ. of Missouri, Engrg. Expmt. Sta.

(c) Dr. John J. Cassidy, Civil Engrg. Dept.,

Univ. of Missouri.

(d) Experimental; basic research; M.S. thesis.

(e) Discharge coefficients and pressure distributions are being determined experimentally

for spillways with varying crest shapes.

(g) "Spillway Design," M.S. Thesis by Chii-ell

Tsai, Civil Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Missouri.

(5829) DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL

FLOWS.

(b) Missouri Water Resources Center.

(c) Dr. Henry Liu, Civil Engrg. Dept., Univ. of

Missouri

.

(d) Experimental; applied.

(e) A new method of discharge measurement is being

studied . The method involves the release of

lighter -than-water particles on or near the

floor of a channel, and the measurements of the

horizontal distance traversed during their

rise to the surface.

(g) Parameters influencing the accuracy of discharge measurement in two-dimensional, lowvelocity flows have been available. The

method is particularly applicable to such flow.

(h) "Discharge Measurement Using Lighter -Than-Water

Particles," M.S. Thesis, Larry D. Martin, Civil

Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Missoxori.

(6076) THE MOTION OF RIGID SPHERES IN A HIGHLY

TURBULENT FIELD.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. John J. Cassidy, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Missouri.

(d) Experimental basic research.

(e) A study is being made of the drag on spheres

moving in a fluid field in which the tijrbxilence

scale is of the order of the sphere diameter.

(6077) IRROTATIONAL POTENTIAL FLOW OVER A SPILLWAY

TOE CURVE.

(b) U.S. Army Engrs., Waterways Experiment Sta.

(c) Dr. John J. Cassidy; see (6076) above.

(d) Analytical; applied research.

(e) An analytical method is being developed for the

determination of free-surface profiles and

floor pressures for flow over a spillway toe- curve of given shape.

(6078) IRROTATIONAL POTENTIAL FLOW UNDER A SLUICEGATE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Charles Lenau, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ.

of Missouri

.

(d) Analytical; basic.

(e) An analytical solution to the free -streamline

problem has been undertaken.

(f) Completed.

(6079) DIFFUSION OF SEDIMENT.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Charles Lenau; see (6078) above.

(d) Analytical; basic.

(e) An analytical analysis is being made of the

diffusion of sediment in a turbulent open

channel flow.

(6080) HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ARTIFICIAL HEART.

(b) Missouri Regional Medical Program.

(c) Dr. Allen T. Hjelmfelt, Jr., Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Univ. of Missouri.

(d) Experimental; applied.

(e) An experimental design of an artificial heart

has been undertaken.

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT ROLIA, Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Rolla, Missouri

(14-169) INVESTIGATION OF VERTICAL INTERNAL SPILLWAYS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. CD. M\u.r, Assoc. Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Missouri at Rolla.

(d) Experimental; basic research; master's thesis.

(e) A scale model rockfill dam containing a vertical

internal spillway was studied to determine

factors affecting stage-discharge relationships.

(f) Completed.

(g) A relationship for weir discharge coefficient

as a function of rock size and weir height

was developed from the experimental data.

(h) "Investigation of Vertical Internal Spillways,"
(5i^69)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

Paul R. Hunger, Master's Thesis, Univ. of

Missoijri at Rolla, 1961.

(1^66l) A COMPUTER STUDY OF BACKWATER COMPUTATIONS.

("b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. CD. Muir; see (4l69) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis

.

(e) The effect of some approximations used in backwater calculations on the resulting surface

profile was studied by use of a digital com- puter. Also, several methods of backwater (h)

computations were compared.

(f) Completed.

(g) The results of this study indicated that the

use of approximations is feasible for curves above critical depth but are dependent on flow

regime

.

(h) "A Comparison of Backwater Profile Computations,"

A.C. Young, Master's Thesis, Univ. of Missouri

at Rolla, 1962.

(4662) HYDROLOGY OF SMALL MISSOURI WATERSHEDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. CD. Muir; see (4l69) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis

.

(e) This study was for the purpose of correlating

basin characteristics and mean annual flood

for Missouri watersheds having a drainage

area of less than ten square miles.

(f) Completed,

(g) It was found that mean annual floods could be

predicted and correlated to known data from

forty-five Missouri watersheds by use of a

shape factor (Al2) and basin index (AL^S"*-/^).

(h) "A study of Small Watersheds within the State (h)

of Missouri," Terence E. Harbaugh, Master's

Thesis, Univ. of Missouri at Rolla, 1962.

FLOW THROUGH A ROCKFILL DAM. Laboratory project.

Prof. P.R. Munger, Assoc. Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Missouri at Rolla.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis

.

(e) Model studies are being conducted on a rockfill

dam with a sloping internal spillway to determine the characteristics of flow through such

dams

.

(f) Completed.

(g) A relationship between discharge coefficient,

slope of the core, height of core, and rock

size was determined from the test results.

(h) "Investigation of Flow Rates through a Rockfill

Dam," Jerry R. Bayless, Master's Thesis, Univ.

of Missouri at Rolla, 1962.

4-68) IFVESTIGATION OF HIGH VELOCITY JETS ON

HYDRAULIC JUMP.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Paul R. Munger; see (^+663) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's (b)

thesis. (c)

(e) Investigation of tailwater depth, length, and

wave formation properties of hydraulic jump (d)

due to introduction of high velocity jets from

apron. (e)

(f) Completed.

(g) Test results indicate: (a) the quantity of

water flowing through the submerged jets is a primary factor in determining the specific

energy leaving the jump, (b) submerged jets can be more effective than baffle piers in

reducing the length of the hydraulic jianp, (c) (f)

submerged jets are not as effective as baffle

piers in reducing the wave formation properties

of a jump, (d) submerged jets at any angle

tested tend to decrease the specific energy of

the water leaving the jump and are more effective than the impulse -momentum principle

indicates, (e) submerged jets may be as effective as baffle piers in reducing the length of

the jijnp, (f) submerged jets at any angle

tend to decrease the required tailwater depth

of the hydraulic jump.

"The Effect of Submerged Jets on the Hydraulic

Jump," Harvey E. Jobson, Master's Thesis, Univ.

of Missouri at Rolla, I565.

"Modification of the Hydraulic Jump by Submerged Jets," Edward L. Tharp, Master's Thesis,

Univ. of Missouri at Rolla, 1965.

VELOCITY AND KINETIC ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF A

SUBMERGED JET. Laboratory project.

Prof. V.A.C. Gevecker, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Missouri at Rolla.

Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis

.

Tests conducted to determine the effect on velocity and kinetic energy by submerging a

jet below the surface of a stilling basin.

Completed.

The entraining effect of the submerged jet is

of an order of ten or more times the discharge

of the jet itself at the section of the jet

opening. The major energy dissipation effects occur in the region of the jet itself. The

kinetic energy decreases not linearly but

exponentially with depth of penetration.

"Velocity and Kinetic Energy Distribution of a Submerged Jet," Patrick S. Couch, Master's

Thesis, Univ. of Missoxiri at Rolla, 1^6h.

(57^0) DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS OF SIDE WEIRS.

Laboratory project.

Prof. V.A.C. Gevecker; see (5^^69) above.

Experimental; basic research for Master's

thesis

.

An investigation of the division of flow of

water in a flume of rectangular cross-section

when the flume is provided with a side weir.

Suspended.

An equation is derived so that the qmntity of

water flowing over the side weir compared to the quantity of water flowing in the main

channel can be predicted. This ratio is

acceptable only within the ranges of heads,

velocities, and weir lengths imposed by the

geometry of the system tested.

"Discharge Characteristics of Side Weirs,"

Edgar Snowden IV, Master's Thesis, Univ. of

Missouri at Rolla, 1965.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOW OF WATER IN RECTANGULAR CONDUITS.

Laboratory project.

Jerry R. Bayless, Asst. Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Missouri at Rolla.

Experimental; basic research for Master's

thesis

.

Friction factors for use in the Darcy-Weisbach

equation were determined experimentally for

smooth pipes in laminar and turbulent flow.

The criteria for finding an equivalent diameter

were investigated, and the effect of the

equivalent diameter on the experimental data

was investigated.

Completed.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

if)

(g)

(h)

(628l^)

81
(g) The use of four times the area divided by the

wetted perimeter as the diameter of an equivalent circular pipe is in error for laminar

flow and a different length of dimension is

necessary to uniquely correlate pipes of non- circular cross section with those of circular

cross section. Potential depth, the average

viscous shear depth, makes the data correspond more closely with theory. The use of

equivalent diameter is satisfactory for

turbulent flow.

(h) "Flxiid Flow in Pipes of Rectangular Cross

Section," Bruce H. Bradford, Master's Thesis,

Univ. of Missouri at Rolla, I966.

(6285) ROUGHNESS IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. T.E. Harbaugh, Civil Engrg. Dept., Univ.

of Missouri at Rolls,.

(d) Experimental; development.

(e) An experimental study of various surfaces

subjected to various slopes and depths of

flow.

(h) Publication pending.

(6286) HYDROPLANING: THE EFFECT OF GROOVING ON SURFACE DRAINAGE OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. T.E. Harbaugh; see (6285) above.

(d) Design.

(e) An experimental and analytical study of the

depth of water on grooved pavements to improve

design of grooved pavements.

(6287) MODIFIED STATION- YEAR METHOD FOR FLOOD

FREQUENCIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. T.E. Harbaugh; see (6285) above.

(d) Design.

(e) Determination of flood peaks for small drainage areas in Missouri based on physiographic

data.

(6288) AERATED OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. T.E. Harbaugh; see (6285) above.

(d) Experimental; development.

(e) An experimental study of the effect of alrentrainment on the frictional characteristics

of open- channel flow.

The following projects are summarized in Water Re- sources Research Catalog.

(028w) INVESTIGATION OF THE SPATIAL BEHAVIOR OF

ROUGHNESS IN LABORATORY WATERSHEDS UNDER

CONDITIONS OF SPATIALLY VARIED UNSTEADY FLOW - PROJECT B-OO7-MO.

(029W) SPATIAL BEHAVIOR OF ROUGHNESS IN LABORATORY

WATERSHEDS PHASE II - PROJECT B-019-M0.

(03OW) AVAILABILITY, DISTRIBUTION, QUANTITY AHD

QUALITY OF WATER RESOURCES IN CARBONATE

KARST TERRAIN - PROJECT USDI-A-001 MO.

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT ROLLA, Dept. of Chemical

Engrg ., Rolla, Missouri 65'+01

(61+01+) EFFECT OF POLYMER STRUCTURE ON DRAG REDUCTION.

(b) Petroleum Research Fund.

(c) Dr. Jacques L. Zakin or Dr. Gary K. Patterson,

Dept. of Chemical Engrg., Univ. of Missouri

at Rolla.

(d) Experimental; basic research; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The effectiveness of polymer additives in

causing drag reduction is being studied in terms of molecular structure.

(g) Previous work has shown that molecular conformation in solution has an important effect on

the level of drag reduction. The effect of

molecular structure is now being examined.

(h) "Existence of Two Types of Drag Reduction in

Pipe Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions," H.C. Hershey and J.L. Zakin, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund.,

Vol. 6, 381-87, 1967.

"A Molecular Approach to Predicting the Onset

of Drag Reduction in the Turbulent Flow of

Dilute Polymer Solutions," H.C. Hershey and

J.L. Zakin, Chem. Eng. Sci . , (in press).

"Correlation of Drag Reduction with Modified

Deborah Number for Dilute Polymer Solutions,"

J.M. Rodriguez, J.L. Zakin and G.K. Patterson,

Jour. Soc. Pet. Eng., Vol. 7, 325, 1967-

(6i4-05) TURBULENCE INTENSITIES IN DRAG REDUCING

ORGANIC SOLUTIONS.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. Jacques L. Zakin or Dr. G.K. Patterson:

see (6'4-0'+) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Details of the turbulence structure of drag

reducing and non-drag reducing solutions are being investigated. Turbulence intensities,

frequency spectra, integral scales and other

turbulence quantities are being compared for

drag reducing and non-drag reducing solutions.

(h) "Hot-Film Anemometry Measurements of Turbulence

in Pipe Flow: I. Organic Solvents, "G.K. Patterson

and J.L. Zakin, Jour. A.I.Ch.E (in press).

(6i+06) VELOCITY PROFILES IN DRAG REDUCING FLOW.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. G.K. Patterson or Dr. Jacques L. Zakin;

see (61+01+) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research; M.S. thesis.

(e) An anemometry technique is being developed for

measuring mean velocity profiles in drag

reducing flow for which pitot tubes are not

suitable. Accurate profiles should permit a

better understanding of the mechanism of drag

reduction.

(h) "Velocity Profiles in Viscoelastic Drag

Reducing Solutions," L.G.E. Florez, M.S. thesis,

Univ. of Missouri at Rolla, I967.

(61+07) DRAG REDUCTION IN ORGAUIC SOAP SOLUTIONS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Jacques L. Zakin or Dr. Gary K. Patterson;

see (61+01+) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research; M.S. thesis.

(e) While polymer solution drag reduction has been

widely studied, little effort has been given to

soap additives which may be more effective drag

reducers . The effect of soap type and

concentration and the influence of flow variables (flow rate and diameter) are being

investigated.

(61+08) VISCOSITY OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Jacques L. Zakin or Dr. Kenneth G. Mayhan,

Dept. of Chem. Engrg., Univ. of Missouri at Rolla.

(d) Experimental; basic research; M.S. thesis.

(e) The effects of polymer concentration, molecular

weight, solvent -polymer interactions and polymer

structure on viscosity are being investigated.

(h) "The Effect of Concentration on the Viscosities

of Solutions of Linear Flexible High Polymers,"

82
L.Y. Chou and J.L. Zakin, Jour. Colloid and

Interface Sci., (in press).

MOBIL RESEARCH AKD DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Field

Reset "ch Laboratory, P.O. Box 900, Dallas, Texas

75221.

(6391) TURBULENT FLOW BEHAVIOR OF RHEOLOGICALLY

COMPLEX FLUIDS.

("b) Laboratory project.

(c) J.G. Savins, Research Assoc., Mobil Research

and Development Corp.

(d) Experimental and theoretical applied research.

(e) The flow stabilization and drag reduction characteristics of solutions of certain species of

high molecular weight polymers and low molecular weight micellar-electrolyte systems are investigated over a broad temperature range.

Research is done on theories of the origin of

drag reduction, and the roles of elastic behavior, particulate and wall effects, and shear

dependent viscosity are studied. An Instru- mented flow system consists of smooth circular

tubes, and test sections for velocity probes,

annuli, roughness elements, etc. Basic rheological data are acquired with the usual viscometric and rheogoniometric devices. A semiworks facility consisting of a cased 1000 ft bore hole and instrumented circulating system

Is available.

(g) We find the different fine structure of the

flow units in micellar systems. I.e., a net- work of interlaced rod-like elements, leads to a new and significantly different turbixLent

flow behavior. For example, In micellar systems

drag reduction is a stress controlled phenomenon

In that the per cent reduction In drag steadily

Increases until a critical wall shear stress Is reached. Above the critical shear stress, the

per cent reduction in drag decreases until the

turbulent flow becomes indistinguishable from

that of a Newtonian fluid. This effect is not degradation, but rather a temporary network

disentanglement Induced by turbulent vortices

and eddies.

(h) "Drag Reduction Characteristics of Solutions of

Macromaleciales in Turbulent Pipe Flow," J.G. Savins, Jour. Soc . Petr. Engrs., Vol. k, No. 3) p. 203, 196k.

"A Stress-Controlled Reduction Phenomenon,"

J.G. Savins, Rheologlca Acta, Vol. 6, p. 323. 1967.

MONTAM STATE UNIVERSITY, Agricultural Experiment

Sta. , Bozeman, Mont. 59715

{k66k) EFFICIENT APPLICATION OF IRRIGATION WATER BY SURFACE FLOODING METHODS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. C.C. Bowman, Head, Agrlc. Engrg. Dept.

Montana State Univ.

(d) This is a study to develop design criteria for more efficient application of irrigation water

by flooding method. This is basic research at the present time, but will be applied researcn immediately upon completion of the first phase.

(e) Automation of systems is also Included in

these studies.

(h) "Manning's Equation for Shallow Flow," C.C. Bowman, ARS-SCS Proc, ARS kl-kj,, Oct. l-')60.

"Dimensional Analysis Leading to Efficient

Application of Irrigation Water," CrC. Bowman,

Am. Soc. Ag. Engr., I963.

"Vegetative Density Meter," C.C. Bowman and R. Stltt, Mont. Agrlc. Expmt. Sta. Bui. Ho. 61I,

1965.

NARRAGANSETT MARINE LABORATORY , see Univ. of Rhode

Island.

THE CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK, Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Fluid Mechanics Lab., New York, N.Y. IOO3I

(6185) CHANGES IN INITIATION OF SEDIMENT MOTION DUE TO FLOW OBSTRUCTION BY PIERS OR SILLS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Walter Rand, Dept. of Civil Engrg., The

City College of New York.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research;

master's thesis.

(e) If hydrodynamlc forces acting on an erodlble

bed reach values at which sediment motion

is impending, a critical or threshold condition

Is reached. A structure (a pier or a sill),

if placed in the channel will change flow

conditions, and erosion will develop. The

principles of a sediment transportation

mechanics are used, and experiments with

sediment beds of Impending motion are conducted,

to determine the erosion characteristics as functions of the geometry of the structure, and

of the degree of obstruction. Using impending

motion conditions as a reference, similarity

laws for the erosion pattern will be developed,

(g) Preliminary experiments with a rectangular

channel indicate that the erosion length downstream of sills is a function of the Frcude

number, provided the impending motion conditions

are used as reference.

(6186) A FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO THE DESIGN OF STILLING

BASINS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Walter Rand; see (6185) above.

(d) Theoretical, experimental; development,

design.

(e) Adopting a generalized concept, a spillwaystilling basin complex can be considered as consisting of an entrance structure, a main basin

and an after-basin.

The present knowledge on flow under gates and

over drop structures, spillways, sills, steps,

and baffles is applied to development of a design method in which the design of each

structural element is determined individually

to achieve the best possible solution for a particular set of conditions. The method would

be an extension of current design methods for

hydraulic jump stilling basins applicable to cases such as very low tailwater, Intermittent

operation, and rocky channels where the current methods do not offer straightforward solutions.

Models are used for verification as the design

is evolved.

(g) The approach has been used to analyze some of

the current design methods. The agreements

found and the interpretations of the current methods indicate that further progress Is possible. These analyses are published in (h).

(h) Walter Rand, Discussion of "The Hydraulic De- sign of Stilling Basins." ASCE Proc. Vol. 84,

Paper 1616, April 1958: and Discussion of

83
"straight Drop Spillway Stilling Basin," Jour.

Hydr. Div., ASCE, Vol. 92, No. HY 1, Jan. 1966.

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, Courant Inst, of Matheimtlcal

Sciences , 251 Mercer St., New York, N.Y. 10012

(6572) THEORETICAL PROBLEMS IN HYDRODYNAMICS.

(fa) Office of Naval Research, Mechanics Branch.

(c) Prof. Cathleen S. Morawetz, Coiirant Inst, of

Mathematical Sciences, N.Y.U.

(d) Theoretical basic research.

(e) The research to be carried out will be, as in

the past, in the field of the classical

hydrodynamics of incompressible fluids, with

particular reference to wave motions in

gravitating fluids with a free surface.

MEW YORK UMVERSITY, Dept. of Chemical Engrg., School

of Engrg. and Science, University Heights, New York, N.Y. 101+53

(6217) SEDIMENTATION OF TWO PROLATE SPHEROIDS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. John Happel, Dept. of Chem. Engrg., N.Y.U.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Experiments concerned with rate of fall of two

prolate spheroids in close proximity were conducted for two special orientations of the

spheroidal particles. Rotational effects were separated from the translational effects by

using a tin rod connecting the two particles.

The drag effect of the connecting rod was obtained by using an analogous system using

spheres. This will ultimately enable us to obtain a correction factor for the interaction

effect as a function of the distance between

the two particles.

These experiments and theoretical treatment

apply only in the creeping motion region

(Reynolds No. V 10" 3),

(f) Completed.

(g) Quantitative agreement with S. Wakiya's

theoretical predictions of the drag of two

prolate spheroids for the case in which two prolate spheroids are settling one above the

other in the direction perpendicular to their

axis of symmetry and for the case in which two

prolate spheroids are settling end to end in

the same horizontal plane in the direction

perpendicular to their axis of symmetry.

(h) "Sedimentation of Two Prolate Spheroids in

Close Proximity," M. Hnatow, R. Pfeffer and

John Happel, presented at 17th Canadian

Chemical Engrg. Conf . , Niagara Falls, Ont., Oct. 18th, 1967. Paper now being reviewed for

publication by the Canadian Jour, of Chem.

Engrg.

HEW YORK UNIVERSITY, School of Engrg. and Science.

Dept. of Civil Engrg ., Bronx, N.Y. 101+53

(6769) TRANSIENT DISSOLVED OXYGEN PROFILES IN STREAMS.

(b) U.S. Public Health Service, Div. of Water

Supply and Pollution Control.

(c) Dr. William E. Dobbins, New York Univ.

(d) Theoretical; basic research; doctoral thesis.

(e) A study of the temporal and spatial variation

of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) under steady uniform stream

flow conditions.

(f) Completed.

(g) Although the pair of second-order partial

differential equations which represent the

variation of BOD and DO in natural streams are similar to the heat conduction equation,

numerical procedures necessary for their solution are considerably different. Procedures

for the numerical solution of the BOD and DO

equations for steady stream flows were developed.

(h) "Numerical Analysis of BOD and DO Profiles,"

Robert Dresnack and William E. Dobbins, submitted to Jour. Sanitary Engrg., Proc. ASCE.

(6770) FINITE-DIFFERENCE MODELING OF RIVER ESTUARY

POLLUTION.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. William E. Dobbins, New York Univ.

(d) Theoretical; basic research; doctoral thesis.

(e) A study of the variations in space and time of

BOD and DO in streams and estmries where the

hydraulic parameters experience temporal and

spatial variations.

(f) Completed.

(g) Through the use of the finite difference models

developed, it is shown that the effect of longitudinal dispersion on the BOD and DO profiles

in fresh-water streams become more pronounced

when the strengths of pollutant sources vary

with time.

(h) "Finite-Difference Modelling of River and

Estuary Pollution," David Bella and William E. Dobbins, Proc. Natl. Symp. on Estuarine

Pollution, Palo Alto, Calif., Aug. I967

(in press)

.

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Meteorology and Oceanography , Bronx, New York To?53

(3120) OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION

AND WAVE PROJECT.

(b) Geophysics Branch, Office of Naval Research,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Prof. Gerhard Neumann, Prof, of Oceanography,

Prof. Willard J. Pierson, Prof, of Oceanography,

and Prof. A.D. Kirwan,Jr., Assoc. Prof, of

Oceanography, New York Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic and

applied research.

(e) Large-scale oceanographic prediction on numerical integration of the primitive hydrodynamic equations with more realistic boundary

conditions.

(g) Detailed surveys of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean

circ\ilation have shown that the Equatorial

Undercurrent exists thro-ughout the year between

about l+0°N and the inner part of the Gulf of

Guinea. Significant seasonal changes of its

velocity and of its temperature-salinity

structure are observed and related to seasonal

changes of the prevailing wind system and to the difference Evaporation-Precipitation in the

equatorial zone.

(h) "importance of the Atmospheric Boxmdary Layer

over the Oceans in Synoptic Scale Meteorology,"

Willard J. Pierson, Jr., Physics of Fluids

Supplement, pp. S203-S205, I967.

"Gravity Waves," W.J. Pierson, Jr., Trans.

81+
Amer. Geophys. U., Vol. 48, No. 2, June I967.

"Mixed Gravity-Ross'by Waves in the Ocean, "

R. Blanrord, Deep Sea Res., Vol. 13, pp. 9'*-l- 961, 1966. "Recent Results in Turbulence Studies on Air-Sea

Interaction," (with G. McWally and S. Adelfang),

A.D. Kirwan, Conf . on Marine (Oceanic) Meteorology, 7-9 Sept. 1966. (in press).

"Evaluation of the Thrust Anemometer as an Instrument for Turbulence Measurements in the

Air-Sea Boundary Layer," A.D. Kirwan, Jr.,

Conf. on Marine (Oceanic) Meteorology, 7-9, Sept.

1966. (in press)

.

"A Theory of Turbulent Eddies," A.D. Kirwan, Jr.,

Physics of Fluids (in press).

"Some Aspects of Boundary Layer Turbulence over Land and Ocean," (With U.O. Lappe and S. Adelfang), A.D. Kirwan, Jr., Physics of Fluids

(in press)

.

"Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a Thrust

Anemometer," (with G. McNally and S. Adelfang),

A.D. Kirwan, Jr., K.Y.U. GDL Report, TR-66-10,

1966.

"Oceanography of the Tropical Atlantic," G. Neumann, Anais da Academia Brasileria de

Ciencias, Vol. 37, PP- 63-82, 1965.

"The Location of the Termination Area of the

Equatorial Undercurrent in the Gulf of Guinea

Based on Observations during Equalant III,"

G. Neumann, M.O. Runke, and P. S\md, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 7, No. I6, pp. 3893-3901,

1966.

"The Equatorial Undercurrent in the Atlantic

Ocean," G. Nexjmann, Proc. Symp. on Oceanography

and Fisheries Resources of the Tropical

Atlantic, Abidjan, Oct. I966. (in press).

"Steady State Interactions among Intersecting

Trains of Capillary-Gravity Waves," J.B. Sullivan, W.Y.U. GSL Report TR-66-7, I967. "An Investigation of the Intermediate Salinity

Maximum in the Equatorial Atlantic during

Equalant I," R.G. Williams, N.Y.U. Rep.

TR.66-1*-1|, G.S.L.

(5470) U.S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE PACIFIC WAVE

HINDCASTING PROJECT.

(b) U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office.

(c) Prof. Willard J. Pierson, Jr., Prof, of Oceanography, N.Y.U.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic and applied

research.

(e) Development of ways to hindcast waves by

spectral techniques on an oceanwide basis. The

North Atlantic has been completed, and the

North Pacific is nearly completed.

(f) A file of magnetic tape containing wave spectra

for every 6 hours at 519 points on the North

Atlantic for 15 months is available.

(h) "Computer Based Procedures for Preparing

Global Wave Forecasts and Wind Field Analyses

Capable of Using Wind Data Obtained by a Spacecraft," W.J. Pierson, L.J. Tick and L. Baer. Preprint, 6th Naval Hydrodynamics Symp., 1966,

Vol. II,

(6767) RADAR SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Prof. Willard J. Pierson, Jr.; see (5't70) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic and applied

research.

(e) Study of ways to xase radar scatterometry and

altimeter on a spacecraft to determine wave properties at the ocean surface and features

of the geoid.

(g) Aircraft surface truth program well under way.

Results of Pacific Hindcasting studv are being

extended to the whole earth and ways to incorporate spacecraft data in improved analyses of

the surface wind field over the oceans are under development,

(h) "Windwaves and Swell," W.J. Pierson, Oceanography from Space, Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst.,

Ref. 65-10, pp. 393-^02, April I965.

"Recommendation of the Panel on Wind Waves and

Swell," W.J. Pierson et al. , Oceanography from

Space, WHOI Ref. No. 65-IO, pp. 351-351+, April

1965. "Some Application of Radar Return Data to the

Study of Ocean Phenomena," W.J. Pierson, E.B. Schepps, and D.S. Simonett, Proc. Third

Goddard Memorial Symp .

, Amer . Astronaut . Soc .

,

Wash., D.C., pp. 87-137, 1965.

"Measviring Sea State and Estimating S\irface

Winds from a Polar Orbiting Satellite," R.K. Moore and W.J. Pierson, GSL Rept. 65-II, W.Y.U. , 1965.

"Radar Altimetry from a Spacecraft and its

Potential Applications to Geodesy and Oceanography," W.J. Pierson, Jr., et al., GSL

Rept. TR-67-3. N.Y.U., 1967.

NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION. INC.. Space and Information

Systems Div . , Downey, Calif. 90241

(61+1+7) FORCED RESONANT NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS OF A

LIQUID IN A CYLINDRICAL TANK.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) O.D. DiMaggio and R.N. Salzman, North

American Rockwell Corp., Space Div., Dept.

190-200, Downey, Calif.

(d) Applied research.

(e) Determine the forced resonant nonlinear

oscillations of a liquid in a cylindrical

tank.

(f) Completed.

(g) Finite amplitude forced oscillations of a liquid in a circular cylindrical container

have been investigated using a perturbation

procedure. The wave amplitude, force, moment

on tank walls and e.g. displacement at or near resonance have been obtained and the

results are presented graphically in non- dimensional form. The nonlinearities in the

system tend to make the liquid in the planar

mode behave as a soft spring for large depths

and a hard spring for shallow depths . The

nonplanar or rotary slosh mode behaves as a hard spring for all depths.

(h) "Finite Amplitude Liquid Oscillations II. Forced Resonant Oscillations," O.D. DiMaggio

and R.N. Salzman. Final Report, SID 65-853-1.

"Forced Resonant Nonlinear Oscillation of a Liquid in a Cylindrical Tank," O.D. DiMaggio

and R.N. Salzman. Southeastern Symp. on Missiles and Aerospace Vehicles Sciences, AAS.

Vol. II, Dec. 5-7, 1966.

NORTH CAROLIM STATE UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Engrg . Research, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606

(6257) STREAMFLOW ROUTING.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. Michael Amein. Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

North Carolina State Univ.

(d) Theoretical and field observation; basic

85
research.

(e) Streamflow routing is carried out by the

numerical integration of the equations of

xmsteady flow on a digital computer. Three

methods have been tested for this purpose.

They are (l) the explicit fixed mesh method,

(2) the implicit characteristic methods, and

(3) the implicit fixed mesh method.

(g) Computer programs have been prepared and the

methods have been applied to artificial

channels. The significant features of the

various methods have been compared. The

methods are being applied to natural channels,

and verified by field observations.

(h) "Some Recent Studies on Numerical Flood Routing," M. Amein, Proc. Third Ann. Conf., Amer. Water Resources Assoc.

(6258) EROSION IN ROADSIDE DRAINAGE CHANNELS.

(b) North Carolina Highway Commission.

(c) Dr. Michael Amein; see (6257) above.

(d) Field observation; applied research.

(e) Field inspection of roadside drainage channels

is made with the objective of establishing

criteria for the prevention of erosion in

roadside drainage channels

.

(g) Information on the size of drainage area, the

length of channel, the slope of the channel,

soil type, surface treatment and intensity

of erosion is collected. This information

will be used to evaluate factors contributing

to the erosion of the channels.

(6259) DIFFUSION AKD DISPERSION IN POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Prof. Abdel-Aziz I. Kashef, Dept. of Civil

Engrg., North Carolina State Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Salt water encroachment is determined for

complex conditions such as in a coastal well

field. The individual effects are studied

and then the combined effects are eval\;iated.

(g) A practical simple method was determined for

finding the pattern of salt water mounds in

coastal well fields.

(h) "Salt Water Encroachment in the Eastern North

Carolina Coastal Region," A.I. Kashef, Proc,

Symp. on Hydrology of the Coastal Waters of

North Carolina, Rept. No. 5> Water Resources

Research Inst, of the Univ. of North Carolina,

Raleigh, W.C., pp. 2f4-38, May I967.

"Fresh-Salt Water Interface in Coastal Groundwater Basins," A.I. Kashef, Proc. Eighth Congr.,

Intl. Assoc. of Hydrogeologists, Istanbul,

Turkey, Sept. 1967> (in press).

"Two-Dimensional Gravity Flow Systems of

Finite Lengths," A.I. Kashef and D. McDonald,

Proc. Natl. Symp. on Groundwater Hydrology,

Series Ho. k, Sponsored by the Amer. Water

Resources Assoc., San Francisco, Calif., Nov.

1967, (in press)

.

"Salt-Water Intrusion in Coastal Well Fields,"

A.I. Kashef, Proc. Natl. Symp. on Groundwater

Hydrology, Series No. h, Sponsored by the Amer. Water Resources Assoc., San Francisco, Calif., Nov. 1967, (in press).

(6260) EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY DRAINAGE PROBLEMS IN NORTH CAROLINA.

(b) North Carolina Highway Commission.

(c) Prof. Abdel-Azia I. Kashef; see (6259) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) The efficacy of subdrains and filters is

studied for vertical sumps of interstate

highways. The configuration of water flow

beneath the highway would determine the

proper means of subsiirface drainage.

NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY^ Agricultural Engrg . Dept ., Fargo, North Dakota 58IO3

(tH75) WATER INTAKE RATES AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL

PROPERTIES OF IRRIGABLE SOILS.'

(b) Joint laboratory project between Dept. of

Agricultural Engrg. and Dept. of Soils.

(c) Harold Holmen, Asst. Prof, in Agric. Engrg.,

Agric. Engrg. Dept., Worth Dakota State Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic research; Master's thesis.

(e) A study of infiltration measurements was made

using inflow-outflow methods and double ring

infiltrometers

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Infiltration rates and aggregate stability

were determined under alfalfa, sugarbeets,

barley, and sxanmerfallow cropping.

{•yh-Jl) CONCRETE DITCH LINING AND PIPE FOR IRRIGATION

SYSTEMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Harold Holmen; see (^4-175) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research; Master's

thesis

.

(e) Soil moist\ire content and temperature measurements were made in the soil profile adjacent to concrete lined farm irrigation ditches and 12 inch burled concrete pipe during various

periods of the past 12 months. The alignment

and elevation of the ditch and pipe is also

recorded. The study is being conducted to predict the behavior of these conduits under

North Dakota conditions.

(g) Pipe and ditch lining have not shown appreciable

deterioration after three years of use. Some

hairline cracks have appeared between joints

spaced 10 feet apart in the concrete lining

formed with the slipform machine.

(6lli4-) EVALUATION OF EXTENSIVE IRRIGATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Harold Holmen; see (^4-175) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Var ious mechanical sprinkler irrigation systems are to be studied under conditions of extensive

irrigation.

(g) Data were obtained on one system manufactured

by Valmont Industries, Inc., Valley, Nebraska.

(h) "An Initial Investigation of Irrigation,"

Lawrence A. Anderson, M.S. Thesis, March 1567.

(6115) IRRIGATION WATER USE EVALUATION.

(b) Joint project between Dept. of Agric. Engrg.;

and Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Dept. of

Interior.

(c) Earl C. Stegman, Asst. Prof., Agric. Engrg.

Dept., North Dakota State Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) This study was initiated to provide data for

estimating irrigation water requirements of

farm size units in the Garrison Diversion area. Data obtained includes crop water use, field

irrigation efficiencies, and data relative to the operational performance of graded border

and furrow irrigation methods.

(g) Crop coefficient curves relating evapotranspiration of various growth stages to estimated

potential evapotranspiration are being developed for alfalfa, potatoes, sugar beets, and

86
durum-wheat. Other findings indicate parameters affecting the operational performance of

surface irrigation systems vary widely.

The following projects are summarized in Water

Resources Research Catalog.

(03W) A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE

DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVIHG REUSE OF WATER.

(O35W) A PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATE

IRRIGATION METHODS IN A SUB-HUMID CLIMATE.

NORTHERN MICHIGAU UNIVERSITY, School of Arts and

Sciences, Dept. of Physics , Marquette, Mich. ^9885

(6052) A STUDY OF THE ONSET OF WHITECAPPING WITH

INCREASED SURFACE WIND SPEEDS.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Dr. Edward C. Monahan, Asst. Prof., Dept. of

Physics, Northern Mich. Univ.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) It is the purpose of this study to investigate

the onset of whitecapping as a function of

wind speed, atmospheric stability, and water

temperature, in order to determine whether

the concentration of whitecaps increases

abruptly with wind speed (in which case it

will be of interest to see how this "critical

wind speed" varies with atmospheric stability

and water temperature) or whether whitecap

concentration increases slowly with wind speed.

Photographic observations are made from "ships

of opportunity" with an automatic photo-system

developed for this purpose.

(g) Photo-system field tested, photographic

observations made on Great Lakes during past

year.

(h) "Lake Superior Studies, Technical Report No.

1, Edward C. Monahan, 30 p., Feb. I96T.

(copies can be obtained from Defense

Dociimentation Center).

(6053) DRIFT-BOTTLE STUDY OF THE SURFACE CURRENTS

OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Edward C. Monahan; see (6052) above.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) It is the purpose of this study to determine

the surface current pattern of Lake Superior

as it exists during each of the four seasons

of the year.

(g) 162 returns from 1115 drifters released

(November 1967).

\

NORTHERN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING CORPORATION. 219

Vassar St., Cambridge, Mass. 02139

(614-90) FLOW FIELD CALCULATIONS AND ANALYSIS IN WATER

TURBINES.

(b) Internally sponsored research.

(c) Dr. Willem Jans en, Staff Engr., Northern

Research and Engrg. Corp.

(d) Theoretical studies; applied research.

(e) Studies are made to find velocities and

pressure distribution in wheel and draft tube

when local losses (induced by separation,

cavitation, or friction) are given.

(f) Active (slow).

(g) Performance of draft tube appears to be

affected when excessive losses occur at the

wheel shroud.

(6I+91) THE USE OF TWISTED GUIDE VANES TO IMPROVE

TURBINE PERFORMANCE.

(b) Internally sponsored research.

(c) Dr. Willem Jansen; see {6k-S0) above.

(d) Theoretical studies; applied research.

(e) Studies are made to determine whether the

velocity and pressure distributions in the

wheel and draft tube can be improved when the

guide vanes are twisted.

(f) Active (slow).

(g) For low flow operation, the draft-tube performance appears to be significantly improved.

NORTH STAR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE,

3100 38th Ave. South, Minneapolis, Minn. ^k06

(6088) OPTIMIZATION OF FLOW IN A BLOOD OXYGENATOR.

(b) National Institutes of Health.

(c) Mr. Roy E. Larson, Senior Scientist, North Star

Research and Development Inst

.

(d) Experimental.

(e) The flow of blood between membranes, membranes

and walls, and channels leading to and from a blood oxygenator is measured by a variety of

techniques. Design changes are being made and

tested. Optimization of the flow will lead to

size reduction of the unit.

(g) Blood flow is critical in oxygenation efficiency

and can be optimized by appropriate design.

(6089) DEVELOPMENT OF A FLUID CONCENTRATED DISPERSION

OF A WATER SOLUBLE POLYMER CAPABLE OF REDUCING

THE FRICTION OF WATER UNDER TURBULENT CONDITIONS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Mr. Roy E. Larson; see (6088) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The research efforts are directed toward the

development of a method for deploying water

soluble polymers around ship hulls to reduce

the effects of water turbulence. Friction

reducing polymers are dispersed in a nonsolvent

carrier liquid. The polymer particles are not dissolved, but remain suspended as discrete

particles. Fluid slurries containing up to

50 percent of friction-reducing polymers have

been utilized.

(g) Prototype ten-percent slwries of various drag

reducing polymers were injected into flov;ing

turbulent water streams, and friction reductions

as great as 49 percent were noted with mixing

times as short as 1.5 seconds. Higher reduction

was achieved at somewhat longer times. Fluid

slurries containing up to 50 percent of frictionreducing polymers have been tested utilizing an

improved injection system. Additional studies

are to be carried out in a ten-inch water flow

system.

(h) "Development of a Fluid Concentrated Dispersion

of a Water Soluble Polymer Capable of Reducing

the Friction of Water Under Turbulent Conditions,"

Ralph E. Forester and Peter S. Francis, Annual

Rept., 22 pages, July I966. Available from

Defense Documentation Ctr., Cameron Sta.,

Alexandria, Va. 22311+, (contract Nonr i+827(00)).

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, The Technological Institute , Evanston, Illinois 60201

(31+76) FLOOD WAVE ROUTING.

(b) Northwestern Technological Institute.

87
(c) Prof. W.S. Hamilton, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Northwestern Univ.

(d) Theoretical and analytical for doctoral and

masters theses.

(e) Finite difference equations based on the

method of characteristics have "been solved on

a digital computer for the case of an irregiilar

channel.

(f) Completed.

(g) Problems of instability have been avoided and

reasonable hydrographs obtained.

(h) "Flood Routing in an Irregular Channel,"

A.G. Fletcher and W.S. Hamilton, Jour. Engrg.

Mechanics Div. , ASCE, Vol. 93, No. EM 3, June 1967.

(3799) FORCES ON SUBMERGED BODIES IN UNSOmDY MOTION.

(b) National Science Foundation and Northwestern

Technological Institute.

(c) Prof. W.S. Hamilton or Prof. L.F. Mockros,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Northwestern Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research;

M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) Investigation of the forces on solid spheres

accelerating along a rectilinear path through

incompressible viscous fluids. The investigation includes (l) experiments that will be

compared with numerical evaluation of theoretical linear solutions, (2) experiments on

the general case of large motions, and (3) a

study of the effect of the velocity pattern

on added mass.

(g) The complex theoretical solution for the

creeping motion case has been put into graphical form. This theoretical solution has been

used to study the dispersion of particles in a tiorbulent fluid, the dynamic response of

single and two degree of freedom spherical

systems in a fluid, the dynamic stability of

discrete spherical systems in a fluid, and

the limit of validity of Stokes flow theory

for an accelerating sphere.

(h) "Motion of Discrete Particles in a Turbulent

Fluid," A.T. Hjeljnfelt and L.F. Mockros,

Appl. Scientific Research, Vol. I6, pp. Ik-S- 161, 1966.

"Dynamic Response of a Restrained Sphere in a Fluid," A.T. Hjelmfelt, J.F. Carney, L.F. Mockros and S.L. Lee, J. Engrg. Mechanics Div.

ASCE, Vol. 93, ^+1-56, 1967.

"Dynamic Response of a Two Degree of Freedom

Spherical System in a Fluid," J.F. Carney,

L.F. Mockros and S.L. Lee, Ingenieur-Archiv,

Vol. 35, pp. 351-361, 1967.

"Dynamic Stability of Discrete Spherical

Structural Systems in a Fluid Media," J.F. Carney, L.F. Mockros and S.L. Lee, IngenieurArichiv., Vol. 36, I967

"The Stokes Flow Behavior of an Accelerating

Sphere," A.T. Hjelmfelt and L.F. Mockros, Jour. Engrg. Mechanics Div. ASCE, Vol. 93, pp. 87-

102, 1967.

(514-72) DYNAMICS OF THE CIRCULATION IN THE GREAT LAKES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Asst. Prof. G.E. Birchfield, Engrg. Sciences,

Northwestern Univ.

(d) Two year grant, theoretical study; primarily

basic research.

(e) Develop mathematical models of wind generated

motions in large lakes. Use with recent

observational studies to construct model of

general circulation.

(g) Some simple analytical models completed.

Some observational studies completed.

(h) "Wind-driven Currents in a Long Rotating

Channel," G.E. Birchfield, Tellus, Vol. 19,

1967.

"Horizontal Transport in a Rotating Basin of

Parabolic Depth Profile," G.E. Birchfield,

Jour. Geophys. Res. (in press).

"A Case Study of Coastal Currents in Lake

Michigan," G.E. Birchfield and D. Davidson,

Proc. lOth Conf. on Great Lakes Res.,

Toronto Univ., I967. (in press).

(5'^7'+) EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION.

(b) National Heart Institute.

(c) Prof. Lyle F. Mockros, Technological Inst.,

Northwestern Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research;

Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Investigation of the geometry and fluid

dynamics favorable to the circulation of blood

outside the animal body. Purpose is to obtain

design criteria for heart Ixeng machines.

(g) Experiments indicate a relationship between

rate of red cell lysis and rate of mechanical

energy dissipation. Low pressure induces red

cell lysis. Oxygen and carbon dioxide

transfer to blood flowing in gas permeable

tubes has to be investigated theoretically

and experimentally for both straight and

helically coiled tubes.

(h) "Hydrodynamic Hemolysis in Extracorporeal

Machines," K.A. Yarborough and L.F. Mockros,

Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 52, pp. 550-557, 1966.

"Oxygen Transfer to Blood Flowing in Round

Tubes," M.H. Weissman and L.F. Mockros, Jour. Engrg. Mechanics Div., ASCE, Vol. 93, pp. 225-

2kk, 1967.

(5^75) NOISE SPECTRA GENERATED BY FLOW OF A LIQUID

THROUGH VARIOUS ORIFICES.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

Bio-Medical Engrg. Center, Northwestern

Technological Inst. Prof. W.S. Hamilton, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Northwestern Univ.

Experimental; applied research; thesis.

Purpose is to identify characteristic flow

generated noise in an abnormal heart. The

noise spectra generated by steady and pulsating

flow through rigid and flexible orifices is

being investigated. Water is pumped through

aortic valves of sheep's hearts. The flaps

are partly sewn together to restrict the opening.

Completed.

Equipment and technique for testing sheep

hearts were developed to a satisfactory stage.

Because of the natural variation of individual

hearts, correlation between noise spectra and

amount of stenosis was not possible.

"Noise Spectra from Flow Through Aortic Valves,

Max Spindler and W.S. Hamilton, ASCE Engrg.

Mech. Div. Specialty Conf., Washington, D. C,

Oct. 1966.

(571i<-) YIELD OF A NON-LINEAR ELASTIC AQUIFER.

(b) Northwestern Technological Inst.

(c) Prof. W.S. Hamilton; see (^U-T^) above.

(d) Analytical and experimental; for M.S. and

Ph.D. theses.

(e) The drawdown of an aquifer in which the

permeability and yield coefficient were

functions of drawdown was determined by solving

finite difference equations and by testing a sponge-rubber model. The initial condition

was one of constant artesian pressure and the
pumping rate was constant.

(f) Completed.

(g) For variable permeability, the drawdown near

the well at a chosen time was greater than

for the case when a constant average value was

used. The drawdown at a large radius was less.

Because of property variations with time and

radius, experimental results from the model

could not be compared with those calculated.

(h) "Unsteady Flow in an Artesian Aquifer in

V/hich Elasticity and Permeability Depend on Drawdown," Idris Ahmed Mahmoud, Ph.D. Thesis,

Feb. 1966.

"Pumping Tests on a Model of a Won-Linear

Artesian Aquifer," K.A. Tomaro, M.S. Thesis,

June 1967.

UNIVERSITY OF MOTRE DAME, Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Notre Dame, Indiana '+6556

(6766) HEMOLYSIS INDUCED BY EXTRACORPOREAL

HEMODYNAMICS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Keith A. Yarborough.

(d) Experimental and analytical; M.S. and Ph.D.

theses.

(e) Breakage of red blood cells in cattle due to shearing and negative pressure stresses.

(h) One M.S. thesis; one Ph.D. thesis.

UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME, Department of Mechanical

Engrg. , Notre Dame, Indiana '+6556

(6101) LAMINAR FLOW SURROUNDING A ROTATING FINITE DISK AT HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBERS.

(c) Prof. K.T. Yang and Asst. Prof. S.T. McComas.

(e) The detailed flow behavior in the region

r a, where a is the radius of the rotating

disk, is studied analytically by a near waketype of analysis in the region of small

(r-a), and by a similarity solution for

r ->eo . Results are now being obtained on the

computer.

(6102) ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF FREE TURBULENT SHEAR

FLOWS BY THE USE OF A HEW THEORY.

(c) Asst. Prof. V.W. Wee.

(e) The incompressible free turbulent shear flows,

particularly those of the turbulent jets and

wakes are studied analytically by a new theory

developed by the investigator.

(g) The present theory provides a more rational

basis for prediction of turbulent effects in

such problems as the turbulent diffusion in

the atmosphere by explosive release from a rocket

.

(6103) ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF THE APPLICATION OF A

GENERAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY FOR WALL

TURBULENCE

.

(c) Asst. Prof. V.W. Nee; Prof. K.T. Yang.

(e) The non-similar two-dimensional incompressible

quasi-parallel turbulent shear flows, particularly those of the turbulent boundary layer

with and without pressure gradient, inlet

flow and flows with changing roughness are studied analytically by means of a new phenomenological theory with the objective to arrive at a general program in which solutions

of a large class of complicated problems with

arbitrary pressure gradient and roughness

distribution can be obtained in a simple way.

(6101+) LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW AT THE ENTRANCE

SECTION OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL CHANNEL.

(c) Asst. Prof. V.W. Nee.

(e) By the introduction of the displacement thickness, the continuity equation can be integrated

to give a simple relationship between the

central stream velocity and the displacement

thickness. Another relation can be obtained

by the consideration of the development of the

laminar boundary layer. Solutions can then be

obtained by solving a set of two algebraic

equations

.

(6765) NUMERICAL STUDIES OF TIME -DEPENDENT VISCOUS

FLOWS.

(c) Assoc. Prof. A.A. Szewczyk.

(e) Numerical solutions of time dependent two- dimensional flow of a viscous incompressible

fluid over stationary and rotating cylinders

are obtained from finite difference approximations to the Wavier-Stokes equations.

Computer experiments are being performed to determine the influence of such factors as the

basic differencing method used, mesh sizing,

boundary conditions and stability and con- vergence criteria used to obtain the solution.

Presently attempts are being made at obtaining

solutions to a three-dimensional problem,

namely, that of an inpulsively started rotating

sphere in an infinite mediimi.

(6768) TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS OF A NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID.

(c) Asst. Prof. V.W. Nee; Assoc. Prof. A.A. Szewczyk.

(e) A gross effective viscosity is defined as an

unknown function which is the sum of the

turbulent eddy viscosity and the non-Newtonian

viscosity. A secondary differential equation

will be introduced to control the variation of

the gross viscosity by the consideration of the

turb\alent mechanism as well as the non-Newtonian

behavior of the fluid.

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 3783O

(6568) HEAT AND MOMENTUM TRANSFER AT AND NEAR THE WALL FOR TURBULENT FLOW OF WATER IN A PIPE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. J.J. Keyes, Jr., Oak Ridge National Lab., P.O. Box Y, Oak Ridge.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) This project is directed toward determination

of the spectral characteristics of turbulenceinduced fluctuations in temperature and in

heat-transfer rate at the inside wall of a pipe, and correlation of these fluctuations

with velocity fluctuations near the pipe wall.

The study is intended to delineate a potential

source of thermal fatigue effects in reactor

fuel elements and in heat exchangers.

(f) Inactive; to be resumed.

(g) Flush-mo\mted hot-film sensors were used to determine power spectral density, characteristic

frequency, amplitude density, and intensity of

heat-transfer fluctuations at a pipe wall for

Reynolds numbers from 11,000 to 170,000.

Studies of the relationship between the heat

transfer and velocity fluctuations in the

vicinity of the wall indicated that a signficant correlation exists. Evidences of a

89
periodic component were observed in the auto

correlation curves of velocity fluctuation

in the vicinity of the wall for a Reynolde

number of 52,000.

(h) "A Study of Wall-Turbulence Phenomena Using

Hot-Film Sensors," R.A. Armistead, Jr., and

J.J. Keys, Jr., ASME Paper No. 67-WA/HT-II

(to be published in Jour. Heat Transfer.

"Hot-Film Sensor for the Study of WallTurbulence Phenomena," R.A. Armistead, Jr.,

and J.J. Keys, Jr. (to be published in The

Review of Scientific Instruments).

Note: The above papers are based on a Doctoral Dissertation submitted to the

Carnegie Inst, of Tech. by R.A. Armistead,

Jr., April 196?

.

(6569) HYDROMA.GNETIC STABILITY OF JET-DRIVEN, VORTEXLIKE FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. J.J. Keyes, Jr.; see (6568) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied re- search.

(e) The feasibility of utilizing jet-driven,

vortex- like flow for separation of fuel

and coolant in the plasma-core nuclear re- actor concept depends on the development of a means for minimizing turbulence and secondary flows. This project is examining, both

, analytically and experimentally, the stabilizing effect of magnetic fields on vortexlike flows for this application. In order to simplify the initial phase of the work,

incompressibility has been assumed in the

analyses, and an aqueous electrolyte has been

employed in the experimentation to simulate

a plasma from the electrical point of view.

(f) Completed.

(g) Theory . It was found that a conducting,

vortex-like flow between coaxial, cylindrical

walls can be stabilized against breakdown of

laminar motion by means of an axially applied

magnetic field of sufficient strength. The

effect of radial flow was included in the

analysis. A related problem, that of hydromagnetic stability of a tangential- jet injection boundary layer over a concave wall, was also solved; again, the axial magnetic field

was found to exert a stabilizing influence.

Experiment . The tangential Reynolds number

at transition to instability in a jet-driven

vortex tube operating with concentrated

aqueous ammonium chloride as the conducting

fluid was increased (by up to a factor of 15

)

when a 75)000 ga-uss axial magnetic field was applied to give a Hartmann number of 172. The

data were correlated in terms of parameters

appropriate to the boundary layer. Decrease

in the ratio of inward radial velocity to tangential velocity in the end-wall boundary

layers was also effected by the magnetic

field. These results are based on analysis

of motion pictures of dye injected into the

boundary layers along the concave wall and

along the end walls.

(h) "Hydromagnetic Stability of Vortex-Like Flows,"

T.S. Chang and W.K. Sartory, USAEC Rept.

ORKL-3707, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Jan. I966.

"Transition from Stationary to Oscillatory

Modes of Instability in Magnetohydrodynamic

Couette Flow," T.S. Chang and W.K. Sartory,

USAEC Rept. ORWL TM-li+O^, Oak Ridge Natl.

Lab .

, June I966

"Hydromagnetic Stabilization of Jet-Driven

Vortex Flow," J.J. Keyes, Jr., T.S. Chang,

90

and W.K. Sartory, USAEC Rept. ORNL-TM-I896

,

Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oct. I967

(Above reports available from Clearinghoxise

for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Natl. Bureau of Standards, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, Va.)

"An Experimental Hydromagnetic Investigation

of Jet-Driven, Confined Vortex-Type Flows,"

Developments in Theoretical and Appl. Mechanics

Vol. 2, pp. 277-296, Pergamon Press, I965

(Edited by W.A. Shaw).

"An Exact Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic

Stability of Nondissipative Couette Flow, T.S. Chang, Quart. Jour, of Mech. and Appl. Math.

Vol. XVIII, No. U-, pp. l(-91-500, 1965.

"Hydromagnetic Stability of Dissipative Flow

Between Rotating Permeable Cylinders - Part 1. Stationary Critical Modes," T.S. Chang and

W.K. Sartory, Jour. Fluid Mech., Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 65-79, 1967.

"On the Onset of Instability by Oscillatory

Modes in Hydromagnetic Couette Flow," T.S. Chang and W.K. Sartory, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), to be published.

(6570) INTERACTION OF A VORTEX WITH A STATIONARY

SURFACE

.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. George J. Kidd, Jr., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab.,

P.O. Box Y, Oak Ridge.

(d) Experimental and theoretical basic research for

doctoral dissertation.

(e) Experimental studies of the flow field produced

by a vortex in contact with a stationary sur- face are being made using a tellurium dye flow

visualization technique. Numerical solutions

to the eq-uations of motion are being sought

for both the complete partial differential

equations and a set of total differential

equations obtained by means of a similarity

transformation. This work is being done to provide a better understanding of the flow in

the plasma core vortex nuclear reactor.

(g) The experiments have shown that the flow

possesses similarity with respect to the

radial and tangential Reynold numbers but does not possess similarity with respect to radial

position. Solutions have been obtained to the

similarity equations for a limited range of

tangential Reynolds numbers

.

(h) "Confined Vortex Flow Near a Stationary Disk,

Theory and Experiment," George J. Kidd, Jr.,

USAEC Rept. OROTj TM-I387 (Thesis), Oak Ridge

Natl. Lab., April 1966.

(6571) EFFECT OF TURBULENCE PROMOTERS ON HEAT AND

MASS TRANSFER.

(b) Office of Saline Water, U.S. Dept. of Interior.

( c ) Dr . David G . Thomas , Oak Ridge Natl . Lab .

,

P.O. Box Y, Oak Ridge.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research.

(e) The resistance of a laminar boundary layer to the transfer of mass or heat from a flowing

stream to a conduit wall can be reduced if

the boundary layer can be distiurbed or mixed.

One means of promoting this mixing is by

turbulence promoters either attached to the

wall or separated by a small distance. The

promoters can be "tuned" so that vortices shed

from the promoter have a maximum effect on the

boundary layer.

(g) In mass transfer studies with permeable mem- branes, detached turbulence promoters increased the transmission of material through

the membrance by as much as 60^. Similar
improvements have been found in the heat

transfer of condensing systems,

(h) "Forced Convection Mass Transfer: Part III. Increased Mass Transfer from a Flat Plate

Caused by the Wake from Cylinders Located Kear

the Edge of the Bo-undary Layer," D.G. Thomas,

A.I.Ch.E. Jour, Vol. 12, p. 121+, 1966.

"Enhancement of Film Condensation Heat Transfer

Rates on Vertical Tubes by Vertical Wires,"

D.G. Thomas, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals,

Vol. 6, p. 97, 1967.

"Enhancement of Forced Convection Heat Transfer

Coefficient Using Detached Turbulence

Promoters," D.G. Thomas, Ind. Eng. Chem.,

Process Design and Development, Vol. 6, p. 385,

1967.

"Forced Convection Mass Transfer, Part IV. Increased Mass Transfer in an Aqueous Medium

Caused by Detached Cylindrical Turb-ulence

Promoters in a Rectangular Channel," J.S. Watson and D.G. Thomas, A.I.Ch.E. Jour.,

Vol. 13, p. 676, 1967.

"Reduction of Concentration Polarization in

Hyperfiltration by Detached Turbulence

Promoters," D.G. Thomas and J.S. Watson,

submitted to Ind. Eng. Chem.

"Experiments on Concentration Gradient Driven

Convection," D.G. Thomas and R.A. Armistead,

submitted to Science.

"A study of Detached Turbulence Promoters for

Increasing Mass Transfer Rates in AqueoiiS

Channel Flow," J.S. Watson, Ph.D. Dissertation

submitted to Univ. of Tennessee.

OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AJJD DEVELOPMENT CEMER,

Dept. of Agricultural Engrg. , Wooster, Ohio k-kbSl

(5033) DRAINAGE INVESTIGATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL

LANDS. (See also Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, Nos. 4.0162, k.0163,' k.0l6k).

(b) Ohio Agric. Research and Dev. Ctr., in co- operation with Agricultural Research Service,

U.S. Dept. Agric.

(c) Dr. G.O. Schwab, 2073 Neil Ave., Ohio State

Univ., Columbus, Ohio '+3210. (d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Tile flow, surface runoff, water table levels

and crop yields are measured to evaluate various

types of drainage systems and to develop improved engineering design criteria.

(g) Sixteen years of tile flow data have been

evaluated and probability curves developed

which show that tile spacing, time of year

(precipitation) , and cropping practices were

the most important variables.

(h) "Crop Response from Tile and Surface Drainage,"

G.O. Schwab, G.S. Taylor, J.L. Fouss, and E. Stibbe, Soil Sci. Soc . Amer. Proc. Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 63^-637, 1966.

"Effect of Depth, Spacing, and Cropping

Practices on Tile Discharge," James R. Hoover,

M.S. Thesis, Ohio State Univ., June I967.

"Tile Flow and Surface Runoff for Drainage

Systems with Corn and Grass Cover," G.O. Schwab and J.L. Fouss, to be published in

ASAE Trans., Paper No. 66-703, I966.

"Effect of Tile Depth, Spacing, and Cropping

Practices on Drain Discharge," J.R. Hoover

and G.O. Schwab, ASAE Paper No. 67-722, 1)67.

"Transient Solutions for Drainage of Sloping

Land," Harendra S. Chauhan, Ph.D. Dissertation,

Ohio State Univ., Sept. I967.

"Analysis of Momentum in Overland Flow,"

T. Clark Lyons, M.S. Thesis, Ohio State Univ.,

Sept. 1967.

(529'^) HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL WATER

SHEDS. (See also Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 2.09l^6).

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. R. Bruce Curry, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of

Agric. Engrg., Ohio Agric. Res. and Dev. Ctr.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) To investigate the use of mathematical,

electrical, and hydraulic models to study

hydrologic phenomena of watersheds.

(1) To investigate statistical models as a means of identifying and evaluating the

pertinent variables in the runoff process.

(2) To use these variables together with a mathematical model to predict behavior of a small watershed.

The behavior of small watersheds will be investigated to identify the pertinent variables

using the statistical theory. These variables

will be combined with the underlying physical

and biological phenomena to develop a mathematical model which will permit statements

to be made about probable watershed behavior.

Data from existing watersheds and runoff plots

will be used to test the validity of the

model.

(g) Theoretical developments indicate that the non- linearity of the runoff process makes it un- likely that the phenomenological structure

of nonequilibrium thermodynamics can be applied

directly to runoff prediction. A mathematical

model was obtained for an impermeable watershed surface in terms of a two-parameter

stochastic process.

(h) "An Analytic Approach to Overland Flow as Influenced by Stochastic Surface Impressed

Forces," George E. Merva, Ph.D. Dissertation,

Ohio State Univ., June I967.

"Theoretical Consideration of Surface Influence on Watershed Runoff," George E. Merva,

Ross D. Brazee, Glenn 0. Schwab and R. Bruce

Curry, to be presented at Amer. Soc. Agric.

Engrs. Mtg. , I968.

(O36W) FLOW OF COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS IN POROUS MEDIA. (Formerly No. 5293).

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 2.09i+6.

(037W) HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF SMALL WATERSHEDS

IN OHIO. (Formerly No. 57l6).

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 2.093't-

(038W) ELECTROKIWETIC REMOVAL OF COLLOIDS FROM

SUSPENSION. (Formerly No. 5672).

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 5.0826.

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Department of Agronomy,

Columbus, Ohio 4 32 10

(5176) SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE.

(b) Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station.

(c) Prof. George S. Taylor, Dept. of Agronomy,

Ohio State Univ.

(d) Experimental investigation, applied research.

(e) Numerical analysis solutions of soil moisture

flow problems in subsurface drainage are made

with digital computers. Steady-state and

91
transient analyses are studied for various

parameters of size, depth, and spacing of tile

and ditch drains and of soil hydraiolic conductivity. Similar studies were initiated in

1965 to analyze water table drawdown around a pumped well. Hillside seepage problems are also evaluated. Field evaluations of

hydraulic conductivity are made with the aid

of lysimeter-type installations. The principal objective is to interrelate the above

factors in rational design of subsurface

drainage systems

.

(g) Characteristics of water flow into tile drains

have been studied for layered soils. An

analysis of hillside seepage into open ditches

was made. Agreement between analytical and

numerical analysis techniques was established.

(h) "Computer Solutions for the Drainage of Sloping

Land," J.N. Luthin and G.S. Taylor, Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr., Vol. 9, No. k, pp. 5i+6-5't-9, 1966.

"Field Evaluation of Tile Drain Filters in

Humid Region Soil," George S. Taylor and

Truman Coins, Ohio Agrid. Res. and Dev. Ctr. Research Circular 15^+, 196?.

THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Water Resources Center,

Columbus, Ohio i+3210

(673'+) WELL DRAWDOWN IN UNCONFINED AQUIFERS UNDER NONSTEADY CONDITIONS.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research, U.S. Dept.

of Interior.

( c ) Prof . George S . Taylor , Dept . of Agronomy

,

Ohio State Univ.

(d) Experimental investigations; applied research.

(e) This study is a numerical analysis study of

drawdown around wells in unconflned porous media

for transient conditions. The simultaneous

flow of water in both the satijrated and un- saturated flow regions is evaluated for

various pximping rates and boundary conditions.

The entire operation is programmed on an IBM

709*+ computer. Fxilflllment of the project

objectives will yield computer techniques for

handling complicated water flow problems and

additional information on inflow into wells.

(g) Drawdown in the near vicinity of wells has

been evaluated for porous media which differ

in permeability and specific yield. The

feasibility of utilizing computer operation

for rapid analysis of complex flow problems

has been demonstrated.

(h) A research article entitled, "Procedures for

Studying Non- Steady Drawdown in a Pumped

Aquifer," is being prepared for publication.

OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY, Engineering Experiment

Station , Corvallis, Ore. 97331

(5787) FACTORS INFLUENCING STREAM TEMPERATURES.

(b) Fed. Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Assoc. Prof. John Seaders, Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Oregon State Univ.

(d) Experimental; field investigation; M.S.

thesis

.

(e) To determine evaporation from streams as affected by standing waves, white water, and

relative movement of air and water mass. The

field investigation is intended to develop an evaporation pan which can be used to estimate

92

evaporation from streams without the necessity

of knowing regional correction constants.

(g) Recent work with turbid water indicated that

turbidity does not affect the heat absorption

rates of a flowing stream.

(h) On present research, two papers are in preparation for submission for publication.

(6774) EFFICIENCY TESTS OF SUBDRAIN PIPE.

(b) Oregon State Highway Dept.

(c) Prof. P.O. Klingeman, Prof. L.S. Slotta, Dept.

of Civil Engrg., Oregon State Univ.

(d) Laboratory investigation; applied research.

(e) Laboratory comparison of (l) relative

efficiencies of various types of subdrain

pipes to draw down the surrounding water;

(2) relative tendencies for perforated subdrains to admit the adjacent filter material.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Successive saturation and drying of filter bed

permits a progressive increase in subdrain

capacity.

(6775) PULP MILL WASTE DISPOSAL IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT.

(b) Fed. Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Prof. F.J. Burgess, Head, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Oregon State Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The initial phase of the project has been com- pleted. It was a biological study of the

effect of pulp mill wastes on marine life.

The second phase of the study is Just starting

and will be an airphoto analysis of the dispersion of wastes from an ocean outfall. It will include the application of photogrammetry

and airphoto interpretation for estimating

dispersion patterns, diffusion coefficients,

waste concentrations, and near shore cxirrents.

(6776) CLIMBING FILM FLOW IN ANNULAR DUCTS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) James G. Knudsen, Prof, and Asst. Dean of

Engrg., Oregon State Univ..

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) The project is an experimental and theoretical

study of the mechanics of climbing film flow

in annular ducts . Measurements of shear stresses

and heat transfer coefficients are being made,

(g) "Momentum Transfer in Climbing Film Flow in

Anniilar Duct," D\ik H. ICim and James G. PCnudsen,

AIChE Jour., Vol. I3, No. 2, p. 326-331*-, March I967.

(6777) MOMENTUM AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF

LIQUID-LIQUID DISPERSION.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. James G. Knudsen; see (6776) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) Determination of the characteristics of

turbulent flow of liquid- liquid dispersions

with respect to effective viscosity, heat

transfer coeiflcients , and drop size distributions.

(g) "Turbulent Flow of Unstable Li quid-Li qmd

Dispersions: Drop Sizes and Velocity Distributions," J.P.Ward and J.G. Knudsen, AIChE

Jour., Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 356-365, March I967.

(6778) STRATIFIED RESERVOIR CURRENTS.

(b) Fed. Water Pollution Control Admin., U.S. Dept.

of the Interior.

(c) Assoc. Prof. L.S. Slotta, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Oregon State Univ.

(d) Theoretical, experimental; basic, applied

research; M.S. and Ph.D. theses.
(e) Means by which the quality of water withdrawn

from a reservoir can be controlled and best

quality maintained by selective withdrawal

are to be determined. The investigation

consists of a model study and a mathematical

study via computer simulation to verify model

behavior

.

The computer simulation is an extension to the

multifluid situation of the MAC method

(Marker and Cell) developed by F.H. Harlow,

et. al. of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The model study is directed to the

influence of entering or initial water mass on current discharge patterns in the pool and

final discharge from the reservoir.

(g) Progress toward computer simulation of problems

involving the motion of viscous, incompressible

fluids with multidensities and a free surface

is continuing. Model studies indicate the

importance of submerged topography on flow

patterns of density stratified reservoirs by

blocking effects.

(h) "Supplement to Part IV of the MAC Method" as

a part of "Digital Simulation of Non- Homogeneous Fluid Flow," L.S. Slotta, J.D. Hwang, et. al. Northwest Simulation Council

Meeting, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore.,

13 pp., January 12, I968.

(6779) SAJTD PUMPING EFFICIENCY OF JET-APPARATUS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Assoc. Prof. L.S. Slotta; see (6778).

(d) Basic research; M.S. thesis.

(e) Tests of a water jet apparatus, applicable for

dredging sand and also for increasing pressure

in suction pipes for pump cavitation preventation, are being conducted. Design data for an efficient apparattis are to be obtained.

(6780) ROTATING CUTTERHEAD EFFICIENCY ON A HYDRAULIC

SUCTION DREDGE.

(b) Electric Steel Company, Portland Oregon.

(c) Assoc, Prof. L.S. Slotta; see (6778).

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Flow visulization studies to be used for

evaluating rotating dredge cutterhead

performance

.

PEC RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, Inc ., P.O. Box 3^3'^, Boulder,

Colorado 80302

(6573) CHARACTERISTICS OF CONFINED DENSE PHASE FLOW

OF GRANULAR SOLIDS DRIVEN BY COMPRESSED AIR.

(b) U.S. Army Research Office, (now discontinued);

present work is laboratory project.

(c) Donald G. Burkhard, Research Director, PEC

Research Associates.

(d) Experimental; plus theoretical analysis.

(e) Condensed granular solids (sands of various

sizes) were forced through pipes ranging in

diameter from one inch to four inches for

distances of 100 feet to 1200 feet. Pro- pelling force: compressed air. Purpose: to determine feasibility of using compressed air

to transport heavy granular solids over short

distances and to arrive at theoretical

formulae permitting design of such systems.

(f) Experimental work discontinued and incomplete

since not all conveyance possibilities were investigated. Theoretical work still active.

(g) Effic iency of transport is low but compressed

air may serve as an effective means of driving

condensed granular solids through pipes over

short distances.

THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, Hydraulics

Laboratory, Dept. of Civil Engrg. , University Park, Penna. l6802

Inquiries concerning the following projects should

be addressed to Prof. Sam Shulits, Head, Hydraulics

Lab .

, 212 Sackett Bldg .

, The Pennsylvania State

Univ., except as noted below.

(518IA) ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS OF COBBLE-STREWN

STREAMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research; doctoral

thesis

.

(e) To provide a quantitative means of determining

Manning's "n" or the coefficient K in V=KR^/3

S-*"'^ in cobble-strewn streams, particularly

for use in the slope-area method of computing

flood discharge. In a lucite-walled tilting

flume, 1 ft. wide, I.5 ft. deep, and 25 ft. long, roughness patterns were created with

small wooden cubes, 1.09 inches on a side.

Maximm discharge approximately 2 cfs. A few

cylindrical roughness-elements were used.

(f) Completed.

(g) Definite progress has been made towards the

ultimate goal of providing the engineer a simple but quantitative means of determining

the Manning roughness coefficients for boulderstrewn streams . Criteria relating Reynolds

number. Manning n and the Schlichting roughness parameter are valid throughout a wide

range of flxane flow rates and depths —from

high flows corresponding to flood discharge

conditions where the roughness elements are submerged down to low flows with roughnesses

protruding through the water surface. The

criteria are valid throughout the sub-critical

flow regime and the lower range of supercritical flow. A proposed depth-prediction

technique is accurate for random distributions of uniform and non-uniform size cubical

roughness elements. Th\is two major requirements for application to a boulder- strewn

stream, a random distribution and varying

boulder height, have been met. The prediction

technique is within the accuracy required for

hydraulic calculations for stream work

according to tests in a flume containing

three roughness shapes arranged in symmetric

patterns. The effect of shape, the third

major requirement to be met for application to

a boulder- strewn stream, requires further

investigation, thoijigh so far the intimation

is that shape is not of paramount importance.

A suggested prediction procedure is outlined

to evaluate Manning's n and compute the flood

discharge in natural streams using the slope- area method. There is much evidence that

application of the Prandt-von Karmon concepts

of turbulent flow are often not warranted.

(h) "Flume Study of Boulder-Strewn Streams under

Flood Discharge Conditions Using Geometric

Roughness Elements in Transverse Rows," L.J. Mathers, Doctoral thesis. Available as dissertion No. 67-II, 215 from University microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

(518IB) ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS OF COBBLE- STREWN-EFFECT

COBBLE SHAPE.

(b) Laboratory project.

93
(d) Experimental; applied research; doctoral

thesis

.

(e) Same as in (518IA.), except for the use of

cylinders and rectangular parallelepipeds with

varioxis orientations to explore effect of

shape, block density and block orientation.

(f) Data being analyzed.

(6207) TRANSITIONS IN SUPERCRITICAL FLOW.

(b) Pennsylvania Dept. of Forests and Waters.

(c) Assoc. Prof. F.L. Blue, Jr., Civil Engrg. Dept.,

212 Sackett Bldg., The Penn. State Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research; design.

(e) Transitions of three different shapes are being

tested for Froude numbers varying from 1.2 to

3.0, representing test flows at 0.59 to h.kl cfs.

Each transition connects an upstream rectangular

channel with a downstream trapezoidal channel,

all three parts lying on one straight center

line and having constant and continuous invert

slopes. One transition shape has warped walls.

The other two have plane walls: one with

vertical surfaces above sloping siirfaces, the

other with sloping surfaces above vertical

surfaces. Each shape is being tested for

three approach- flow depths and for three

transition lengths for each flow depth.

(g) Flow depths in and downstream from the trans- ition are being measured.

(6208) BEDLOAD FORMULAS.

(b) Soil and Water Conservation Research Div., U.S. Dept. Agric, Agric. Research Service.

(d) Analytical; applied research.

(e) An attempt to resolve the dilemma of the many

existing bedload fonnulas and an inquiry into

their limitations and serviceability. The

formulas are being programmed in Fortran IV for

the IBM 360, Model 6? and also being plotted

with a subroutine to facilitate comparison.

PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, Ordnance Research

Laboratory

,

P.O. Box 30, University Park, Penna. 168OI

(2832) MEASUREMENT OF FORCES AND PRESSURES ON A MODEL

IN A WATER TUNNEL.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by the Naval

Ordance Systems Command.

(c) Mr. George B. Gurney, Ordnance Research Lab.

(d) Experimental and developmental.

(e) The problem concerns the measurement of thrust,

torque body forces, and pressures on various

hydrodynamic bodies. Measurements are made on bodies over a range of velocities up to 60 ft/

sec and under pressure simulating fully

developed cavitating flows

.

(g) Strain gaged force balances are used to sense body forces. These balances are capable of

completely submerged operation. A Planar

Motion Mechanism is available for determining

dynamic stability derivatives required in the

equation of motion of submerged bodies. The

capability of measuring unsteady thrust is also

aval lable

.

(h) "The Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel," A.F.

Lehman, ORL Unclassified External Rept. NOrd

16597-56, Sept. 30, 1959.

(3807) INVESTIGATION OF THE CAVITATION CHARACTERISTICS

OF A FEW SIMPLE LIQUIDS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by National

Aero, and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. J. William Holl, Ordnance Research Lab.

(d) Experimental, analytical; basic research.

(e) To investigate experimentally the cavitation

characteristics of a few simple (as regards

to vapor pressure and handling) liquids under

conditions occurring in space and aircraft

pumping machinery, and analyze the results

so that a reliable basis for theory applicable

to these conditions can be formulated.

A small high speed water tunnel having test

section velocities of 3'-'-0 feet per second,

pressure to 1000 pounds per square inch,

temperatures to 300 degrees F. , has been

constructed and has been in operation since

April, 1962.

(h) "Thermodynamic Effects on Desinent Cavitation

in V/ater," Alain L. Kornhauser, Master's

Thesis, Dept. of Aerospace Engrg., Penna. State Univ., June 1967-

"Cavitation Hysteresis," J. William Holl and

A.L. Treaster, Trans. ASME, Jour. Basic Engrg.,

March I966, pp. 199-212.

"Description of Film-Cavitation Hysteresis,"

J. William Holl, reprinted from Cavitation in

Fluid Machinery, I965, Amer. Soc. Mechanical

Engrs., 3'4-5 E. lt-7th St., New York, N.Y. IOOI7.

('4-181) DETERMINATION OF EFFECT OF TUNNEL BOUNDARIES

ON THE FORCES ACTING ON A MODEL.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by Naval Ordnance

Systems Command.

(c) Mr. Robert E. Henderson, Ordnance Research Lab.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) Investigation of the errors Introduced b;, the

physical boundaries of tiarmel walls on the

measured forces on large models. The investigation covers both the axially symmetric case and when the models are at low angles of attack.

Establishing the means for correcting these

errors is also a part of this investigation.

(g) A method has been developed for the prediction

of errors in drag caused by vater-tunnel wall

deviations. It is shown that small deviations

in contour can cause a significant error in

model drag measurements . Tunnel wall interference effects on model pitching moment have

been investigated and a correction procedure

established for models of low attack angle and

diameters up to I/3 tunnel diameter.

(h) "Tunnel Wall Interference Effects on the Drag

and Pitching Moment of an Axisymmetric Body,

Ph.D. Thesis, Dec. 1963, Dept. of Engrg, Mechanics, Penna. State Univ.

(i^677) THE INVESTIGATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL UNSTEADY

CAVITY FLOWS ABOUT FIXED SYMMETRIC BLUFF

BODIES.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by Naval Ordnance

Systems Command

.

(c) Dr. J. William Holl, Ordnance Research Lab., Penna. State Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) An investigation of the wake region behind

supercavitating, two-dimensional wedges at

zero degrees angle of attack is in progress

with the purpose of determining the wake

characteristics, in particular the Strouhal

number as a function of Reynolds number,

cavitation number and wedge apex angle.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Effects of Cavitation on Periodic Wakes

Behind Symmetric Wedges," J.O. Young and J. William Holl, Trans. ASME, Jour, of Basic

Engrg., March 1966, pp. 16 3-176.

9'+
(5106) IIWESTIGATION OF TENSIONS IN LIQUIDS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by Natl. Aero,

and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. J. William Holl; see (14-677) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) Investigation of liquid tensions for a variety

of liquids under a range of conditions

employing a non-flow apparatus. Results will

be compared to those obtained in a flowing

system.

(f) Discontinued.

(h) "The Behavior of Tap Water Under Dynamic

Tensile Stressing in a Non-Flow System,"

Samuel J. Brown, Jr., Master's Thesis, Dept.

of Aerospace Engrg. , Penna. State Univ.,

June 1967.

(5107) INVESTIGATION OF THE KUTTA CONDITION IN UNSTEADY FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by Bureau of

Naval Weapons.

(c) Dr. Maurice Sevik, Ordnance Research Lab.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic research.

(e) The validity of the Kutta-Joukowski criterion

is being investigated for the prediction of

control-surface hinge moments in steady flow,

or instantaneous forces on rapidly oscillating

air and hydrofoils.

(5590) INVESTIGATION OF SHED WING VORTICES AMD THEIR

DECAY.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by the Army

Research Office, Durham, Worth Carolina.

(c) Dr. Barnes W. McCormick, Jr., Ordnance

Research Lab.

(d) Experimental, analytical; basic research.

(e) The vortex sheet shed by a wind tunnel mo\mted,

semi-span lifting wing has been investigated

at various angles of attack and free-stream

velocities. The vortex core has been studied

by mapping the downstream flow field at distances up to 20 chord lengths. Tangential

velocities of vortices have been determined by

integrating the vorticity through the vortex

core. The local vorticity is measured by a pitchless, cruciform vane which rotates in

rotational flow. Rotational speeds of 40,000

rpm have been measured. Similar investigations

will be conducted by mounting the vortex probe

behind the wing of a full scale flight test airplane . Qualitative characters of shed

vortices have been studied by flying an airplane adjacent to a large tuft grid and

photographing the motion of the tufts as the

vortex moves across the grid.

(g) It is believed that after completion of the

investigations it will be possible to predict

the vortex geometry of an arbitrary aircraft

as a function of the airplane configuration

and distances downstream.

(h) "The Effect of Wing Geometry and Lower Surface

Boundary Layer on the Rolled-up Tip Vortex,"

T.L. Grow, Master's thesis, June 1967, Dept.

of Aerospace Engrg., Penna. State Univ.

"A Solution of the Vortex Breakdown Phenomena

in a Trailing Line Vortex," A. Logan, Dec.

1966, Master's thesis. Dept. of Aerospace

Engrg., Penna. State Univ.

"Decay of Trailing Vortices," H. Sherrieb,

June 1967, Master's thesis. Dept. of Aerospace

Engrg. , Penna. State Univ.

"Effects of a Porous Wing Tip on an Aircraft

Trailing Vortex," H. Smith, Dec. 1967,

Master's thesis. Dept. of Aerospace Engrg.,

Penna. State Univ.

(5592) EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SECONDARY FLOW

IN AXIAL FLOW INDUCERS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by Natl. Aero,

and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. George F. Wislicenus and Dr. B. Lakshminarayana, Dept. of Aeronautical Engrg.

,

Penna. State Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) A three -foot diameter model of an axial flow

inducer for a pump was built and has been

tested with air, using smoke for direct

observation of secondary motions in long and narrow vane passages. In addition, approximate measurements of the velocity distribution at inlet and discharge have been made to obtain at least a qualitative picture of

the fluid motions under the predominant

influence of viscous fluid friction. At present a single rotating helical surface is

being tested in the same set-up in order to obtain basic data about the flow along the

inducer blades

.

(5593) INVESTIGATION OF LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER AND

TRANSITION IN THE VICINITY AND BETWEEN SUCTION

SLOTS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by the U.S. Naval

Ordnance Systems Command.

(c) Mr. J.F. McMahon, Ordnance Research Lab.

(d) Experimental; computational; and applied

research

.

(e) Calculation and measurement of flow and

stability in vicinity of suction slot;

optimization of slot form for maximum stability;

conducted in attempt to determine reason for extreme sensitivity of boundary layer stabilization by slot suction.

(g) Two-dimensional flow successfully calculated

indicates unsteadiness; measurements being

conducted to correlate observed frequencies

with calculated ones.

(5595) TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS IN THE VISCOUS SUB- LAYER.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by the U.S. Naval

Ordnance Systems Command.

(c) Dr. John Lumley, Ordnance Research Lab., Penna. State Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Space-time correlations of fluctuating

velocities are measured in the viscous sublayer

of a flow of glycerine in a closed-loop

constant temperature facility, by means of

hot-film anemometers.

( f ) Suspended.

(g) Correlations of streamwise fluctuating

velocities were measured and published (see

Bakewell, Lumley in "Physics of Fluids,"

Sept. 1967). Future work will involve

velocities normal to the wall.

(5596) THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF TURBULENT FLOW

IN NON-NEWTONIAN MEDIA.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics Branch.

(c) Dr. Kirtan Singh, Mathematics Dept., St. Mary's

Univ., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) By an extension of the Heisenberg method, the

form of the turbulent energy spectrimi was calculated in the homogeneous turbulent flow

of a second order fluid.

(f) Completed.

(g) A report has been issued which is obtainable

from Dr. J.L. Limiley, Dept. of Aerospace Engrg..

The Penna. State Univ., 153-E Hammond Bldg.
(6553) INSTRUMENTATION FOR TUREUGENCE MEASUREMENT IN

LIQUIDS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by U.S. Naval

Ordnance Systems Command.

(c) Dr. John Lumley, Ordnance Research Lab.

(d) Experimental development.

(e) Development of improved instrumentation for

the measurement of instantaneous fluctuating

velocities in liquids.

(g) Thin film probes utilizing self-heated oxide

semi-conductor sensing elements have been

fabricated and tested; present work

emphasizes improved fabrication techniques for

greater stability.

(655;+) COHERENT DOPPLER SCATTERING FROM DILUTE

SOLUTIONS OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT LINEAR

POLYMERS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored jointly by U.S. Naval Ordnance Systems Command and Office of

Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics Branch.

(c) Dr. John L\imley; see (6553) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Instantaneous fluctuating velocities are measured in dilute solutions of high molecular

weight linear polymers in turbulent flow by means of the doppler shift in scattered co- herent light. This is done in an attempt to understand the struct\ire of tiarb\ilence in

such solutions,' in order to explain the

mechanism by which such solutions reduce skin

friction.

(g) Mean velocity profiles have been measured;

present work emphasizes improved line width

and signal-to-noise ratio.

(6555) AXI- SYMMETRIC LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYERS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by the U.S. Naval

Ordnance Systems Command.

(c) Dr. Hendrik Tennekes, Ordnance Research Lab.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Calculations will be made of the growth and

stability of laminar boundary layers on a body of revolution.

(6556) ASYMPTOTIC TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by the U.S. Naval

Ordnance Systems Command.

(c) Dr. Hendrick Tennekes; see (6555) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) An examination by the use of asymptotic

matching techniques of the structiire of the

turbulent boundary layer and its dependence

on Reynolds number.

(g) The dependence on Reynolds number of the slope

in the logarithmic region has been successfully

predicted.

(6557) CHARACTERISTIC VIBRATIONS AND ACOUSTIC

RADIATION FROM SHELLS OF ARBITRARY SHAPE.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by Bureau of

Naval Weapons

.

(c) Dr. Maurice Sevik, Ordnance Research Lab., Penna. State Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) A study of propulsor blade vibrations.

(g) Propulsor blades have complicated geometries

and hence vibrate in modes which are difficult

to predict. The characteristic vibrations of

such blades are being investigated by means of

numerical methods. The effects of the liquid

surrounding the blades are also Included.

The computer results will be verified

experimentally

.

(6558) MIXING OF GASES IN LIQUID JETS.

(b) Laboratory project sponsored by Bureau of

Naval Weapons.

(c) Dr. Maurice Sevik; see (6557) above.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic research.

(e) A study of the bubble formation process and

resulting acoustic radiation.

(g) When a gaseous jet mixes with a turbulent

liquid jet, acoustic radiation is observed. In this study the characteristic bubble size

is being determined in terms of the

characteristics of the liqmd and the gas.

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, Towne School of Civil

and Mechanical Engrg. , Philadelphia, Penna. IdlOk

(61+69) TURBULENT FLOW OF NON-NEWTONIAN SUSPENSIONS

AND FLUIDS IN PIPES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. Iraj Zandi, Towne School of Civil and

Mech. Engrg. , Univ. of Pennsylvania.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) This Investigation is concerned with the study

of tiarbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids or suspensions in pipes. The primary objective is to formulate analytically and verify experimentally, a method that enables the engineer

to predict the head loss of turbulent flow of

non-Newtonian fluids or suspensions in a smooth

circular tube from the knowledge of the

independent variables

.

The key to evaluation of head loss in this

analysis is the ability to predict, accurately,

the velocity profile across the pipe cross section. This equation of velocity profile in

combination with the equation of material

balance will provide necessary tools for prediction of head loss,

(h) "Governing Equation for Multiphase Flow in

Pipes," I. Zandi and G. Govatos , Annual Mtg.

,

Hydraulics Div. , ASCE, Madison, Wise, Aug.

1966.

"Decreased Head Losses in Conduits," I. Zandi, Jour. Amer. Water Works Assoc., Vol. 59, 2, pp. 213-226, Feb. 1967.

"Visco-Elastic Fluid Flow in the Entrance of

a Tube," I. Zandi and A.R. Razaghi , Jour. Engrg. Mechanics Div., ASCE, Vol. 93, EMk,

pp. 117-137, Aug. 1967. Also presented to Environmental Engrg. Conf. ASCE, Dallas, Tex.,

Reprint No. 455, Feb. 6, 1967.

"Turbulent Flow of Non-Newtonian Suspensions

in Pipes," V.R.K. Murthy and I. Zandi, accepted

for publication in Jour. Engrg. Mechanics Div.,

ASCE.

"A Theory of Viscous Interaction in Turbulent

Fields," I. Znadi and V.R.K. Murthy, presented

to 38th Ann. Conf., Soc. of Rheology,

Washington, D. C, Oct. 25, 1967.

(6^70) SOLID WASTE PIPELINE.

(b) U.S. Public Health Service.

(c) Iraj Zandi; see {6k69) above.

(d) Both theoretical and experimental.

(e) to investigate the feasibility of applying

slurry flow technology (two phase flow, solidfluid) to collection and removal of solid

wastes of the community.

The ultimate goal of the project is to combine

all types of waste, solid and liquid, and

collect them through piping networks under

pressure. The slurry may then enter a burner

96
in wet condition and the end product may "be electricity and fresh water.

The study is progressing along three distinct

lines which hopefully at its conclusion will

enahle the evaluation of the overall perfor- mance of solid waste pipeline.

(1) Technological aspects: It appears that

the addition of solid waste to water will

produce a condition that the carrying medium

exhibits non-Kewtonian properties. The

hydrodynamic behavior of these complex systems

are studied.

(2) Generation of solid waste: Design of

solid waste pipeline requires the knowledge

of continuous generation of solid waste. This information is non-existent. An investigation, sample measurements and a general

survey is underway to establish the hourly

rate of waste production.

(3) To make the comparison of the present

system of removal and disposal of solid waste

with the pipe removal of solid waste more

realistic, a section of the City of Philadelphia for which the cost of the present

system is known was selected. Design of

pipeline network for the same section is

underway. The study will hopefully enable a comparison of the economics of these systems.

(h) "Solid Waste Pipeline," Iraj Zandi , Solid

Waste Res. and Dev., Engrg. Foundation

Research Conf . , Milwaukee, Wise, July I96T,

preprint D-k.

"Heterogeneous Solid Transportation in Pipelines," I. Zandi and G. Govatos , Jour. Hydraulics Div., ASCE, Vol. 93, Wo. HY3,

May 1967, p. I'+S. "Pressure Drop Suppressant Action of Particulate Matters," I. Zandi, Multi-Phase Flow

Session, Annual Mtg. Hydraulics Div., ASCE,

Madison, Wise, Aug. I966.

"Pipeline Transport of Solid Waste , " I . Zandi

and J. Hayden, presented to Transportation

Engrg. Conf., ASCE, San Diego, Calif., Feb.

19-23, 1968.

umVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, Chemical Engrg. Dept .

,

Pittsburgh, Penna. I5213

(6083) DAMPING OF TURBULEWCE IK FIEXIBIE TUBES BY USE OF FOAM DAMPENERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. George E. Klinzing, Chem. Engrg. Dept.,

Univ. of Pittsburgh.

(d) Experimental and theoretical investigation on

basic and applied research for master and

doctoral thesis projects.

(e) Polyurethane foam annulus applied to flexible

silastic tubing for reduction of energy losses

in transporting liquids.

(g) Current data shows as much as a 30^ reduction

in drag in reference to rigid wall tubing on

the system analyzed. Similar results obtained

by use behind artificial heat valve.

(h) M.S. Thesis, J. Marmo, Univ. of Pittsburgh.

M.S. Thesis, R. Kubovcik, Univ. of Pittsburgh.

PURDUE UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Agricultural Engrg. , Lafayette, Indiana U79OT

(3'+90) INVESTIGATION OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN DRAIN

TILE AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF THESE FLOW

97

CHARACTERISTICS TO SEDIMENTATION.

(b) Agricultural Experiment Sta., Piardue Univ.

(c) Dr. L.F. Huggins, Agricultural Engrg. Dept.,

Purdue Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) A 60-foot model drain capable of recirculating

sediment-laden flow has been constructed.

Drain slopes at which incipient deposition

occurs are being investigated.

(f) Completed.

(g) The percentage of sediment (lOO to k-00 microns)

in the total discharge at which incipient

deposition occurred appears to be a simple

function of the slope of the drain. Particle

shape (very angular to smooth) and size

(100 to kOO microns) did not have an observable

effect on the slope attained.

(h) "Sediment Transport Capacity of Circular Drains,"

C.T. Haan, L.F. Huggins and E.J. Monke, Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr., Vol. 9, No. 6, 1966.

(3808) DEVELOPMENT AJMD REFINEMENT OF METHODS FOR

ESTIMATING FIELD RUNOFF AND SOIL LOSS.

(b) Soil and Water Conservation Research Div., U.S. Dept. of Agric. (See Agric. Research

Service, Corn Belt Branch, Project No. k2^k-);

and Agric. Experiment Sta., Purdue Univ.

(c) Mr. Walter H. Wischmeier, ARS-SWC, Agric.

Engrg. Dept., Purdue Univ.

(d) Experimental; development.

(e) The relationship of numerous rainstorm

characteristics, topographic features, soil

characteristics and surface conditions to field runoff and soil erosion are being

evaluated from plot data obtained under

natural and/or simulated rainfall.

(g) The relations of physical and chemical properties of a soil to infiltration and to its

capacity to resist detachment and transport

by rainfall and runoff were intensively

studied in multiple-regression analyses.

Twenty-two soil and surface-condition variables

were needed to account for 95^ of the variance

in soil losses from identical rains applied to

110 widely distributed fallow plots. An

equation was derived which, for medium-textured

soils, expresses the universal erosion equation's numerical soil-erodibility equation as

a function of physical and chemical properties

of the soil.

(h) "Relation of Soil Properties to its Erodibility ,

W.H. Wischmeier and J.V. Mannering, Agronomy

Abstracts, 1967.

(1H82) THE MECHANICS OF EROSION BY RAINFALL AND

RUNOFF.

(b) Soil and Water Conservation Research Div.,

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agric. (See Agric. Research Serv., Corn Belt

Branch, Project Wo. k2T^) , and Agric. Experiment Sta., Purdue Univ.

(c) Dr. L.D. Meyer, ARS-SWC, Agric. Engrg. Dept.,

Purdue Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The influence of slope steepness, slope length,

particle size, particle shape, and mulches on erosion and overland flow are being studied in

the laboratory. This research is providing

mathematical relationships governing soil

erosion by water and the mechanics of the

processes involved.

(g) Recent studies have shown that small rates of

surface mulch are very effective in reducing

soil erosion. Erosion rates were closely cor- related to overland flow velocities.
(h)

(1+183)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(5810)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

"Effect of Particle Roughness on Soil Erosion

by Surface Runoff," G.D. Bubenzer, L.D. Meyer

and E.J. Monke, Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr.,

Vol. 9W, 1966.

SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE OF BOUNT SILT LOAM. Agricultural Expmt. Sta., Purdue Univ.

Dr. E.J. Monke, Agric. Engrg. Dept., Purdue

Univ.

Field investigation; applied research.

Various spacings between parallel subsurface

drains are under investigation to determine

their effectiveness in water removal and crop

response. Continuous records of tile discharge

are being made and crop yields are determined

at harvest time.

Completed.

Both yields and stands were usually best for

the 25 foot tile spacing. Tile flow response

occurred quickly after the beginning of a run- off producing storm. Peak rates were highest

for tile at a 100 foot spacing due primarily

to higher antecedent moisture conditions.

"Field Study of Subsurface Drainage on a Slowly Permeable Soil," E.J. Monke, L.F. Huggins, H.M. Galloway, and G.R. Foster, Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr. Paper Wo. 66-705, I966.

TREATMEMT OF WATER FROM SMALL RESERVOIRS FOR

DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION.

Agricultural Expmt. Sta., Purdue Univ.

Dr. E.J. Monke; see (klQ^) above.

Experimental; applied and basic research.

Objectives are to study electrophoretic control

as an aid for filtration of raw water supplies

and to investigate methods for reducing the

adverse effects of aq.mtic weed residues on water treatment processes and water quality.

The filter zeta potential approached an

isoelectric condition quickly when the pH

level of the colloidal-laden inflow was around

7.0. Filter efficiency was also much greater

than at any of the other pH levels investigated.

Evidence was presented that bacteria at the

filter surface were positively charged.

"Electrokinetic Measurements of . Colloidal-Laden

Flow Through a Sand Column " E.J. Monke and

D.M. Edwards, Proc. Ind. Acad, of Sci. 76, 1967.

"Electrokinetic Studies of the Slow Sand

Filtration Process," D.M. Edwards and E.J. Monke, Jour Amer. Water Works Assoc., Oct. 1967.

ANALYSIS OF RAINULATOR INFILTRATION DATA. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div.

,

Agric. Research Service, U.S. Dept. Agric;

and Agricultural Expmt. Sta., Purdue Univ.

Mr. G.R. Foster, ARS-SWC, Agric. Engrg. Dept.

Purdue Univ.

Experimental and field investigation; applied

research.

Overland flow field data from short erosion

plots under simulated rainfall are being used

to determine a relationship between the rate of

surface runoff and depth and to correlate this

relationship as well as depressional storage

to surface roughness. Infiltration data will

be separated from the runoff hydrographs and

used to obtain parameters for infiltration

equations

.

A kinematic overland flow model with a constant

Darcy-Weisbach coefficient of friction

adequately described overland flow on short,

rough slopes. Micro-relief increased recession time of surface runoff by reducing the

infiltration area. In cases of variable

infiltration rates, retention storage altered

the shape of the hydrograph. Retention stor- age could not be accounted for by a simple

time translation of the hydrograph.

(h) "Analysis of Overland Flow on Short Erosion

Plots," G.R. Foster, M.S. thesis, Purdue

Univ., 1967.

(6093) MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF H-YDROLOGIC EVENTS

ON UNGAGED WATERSHEDS.

See also Water Resoxirces Catalog, Vol. 2, No. 2.0505.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research; and

Agricultural Expmt. Sta., Purdue Univ.

(c) Dr. L.F. Huggins, Agric. Engrg. Dept., Purdue

Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic and

applied research.

(e) Relationships describing the dynamics of the

various components of the runoff process for

small elemental areas within a watershed will

be developed after which fundamental hydrodynamic equations will be utilized to integrat

the spatially varied, time dependent outputs

from all of the many elements within the water

shed to obtain a composite runoff hydrograph.

(g) Preliminary comparisons between hydrographs

predicted by the mathematical model and

observed hydrographs from very small ( two acre watersheds have been made

.

(h) "The Mathematical Simulation of the Hydrology

of Small Watersheds," L.F. Huggins and E.J.

Monke, Tech. Rept. No. 1, Water Resources

Research Center, Purdue Univ., 1966.

"The Application of Simulation Techniques to

the Design of Hydrologic Structures," L.F. Huggins and E.J. Monke, ASAE Paper No. 66-72'4-, 1966.

(0t^0W) EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ' ORGANOTOXI CANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND GROUND

WATER RESOURCES. (Formerly No. 581I)

For summary, see Water Resources Catalog, Vol.

2, No. 5.0383.

PURDUE UNIVERSITY, Department of Agronomy , Lafayette,

Indiana 1+7907.

(1+679) FLOW LAWS FOR THE MOVEMENT OF WATER IN SOIL.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Dale Swartzendruber , Dept. of Agronomy,

Purdue Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research,

for doctoral thesis.

(e) The validity of basic equations for water

relationships in poroios media and soils, such

as Buckingham's capillary potential function,

Darcy's proportionality, and the BuckinghamDarcy equation, is being tested in the laboratory under various conditions.

(g) For horizontal steady-state unsaturated water

flow through various mixtures of sand, silt,

and kaolinite, improved velocity-gradient

measurements have been obtained at single

locations from internally positioned tensiometers in such a manner as to eliminate

hysteresis. The resulting plots of flow

velocity against suction gradient at given

suction are essentially proportional, thus

validating the Buckingham-Darcy equation for

these materials. Similar measurements on

98
water-saturated systems, obtained rapidly with

sensitive flow meters and differential manometers, also verified Darcian proportionality

for mixtures of sand, silt, kaolinite or illite, but the presence of a few percent

bentonite in a mixture caused the velocitygradient curves to be sigmoidal in shape. One

of the bentonite mixtures was also capable of

inducing spontaneously a movement of water

against a pressure difference as high as 17 cm. of water. A theoretical study of stratified

soils indicated that a least permeable non- Darcian stratum is more effective in limiting

the flow through a water-saturated soil profile

than is the Darcian counterpart,

(h) "Kon-Darcian Movement of Soil Water," D. Swart zendruber, Proc. Intl. Soil Water Symp.,

Czechoslovak Scientific-Technical Soc . for

Water Management, Prague, Vol. II, 207-221,

1967.

"Velocity-Gradient Relationships for SteadyState Flow of Water in Partially Saturated

Soil," T.C. Olson, Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue Univ.,

1967.

"Velocity-Gradient Relationships for Water- Saturated Porous Media," D.A. Russell, Ph.D.

Thesis, Purdue Univ., I968.

(6166) ELECTRICAL EFFECTS ON WATER INFILTRATION INTO

SOILS.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research, U.S. Dept.

of the Interior.

(c) Dr. Dale Swart zendruber ; see (1^679) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Electrical streaming potentials developed as a result of water flow through porous materials

are being measured for both saturated and un- saturated porous media. Effort will be made

both to determine the effects of these potentials on the water infiltration process, and

to describe these effects theoretically. In- formation will be sought on the possibility of

using electrical energy to affect the infiltration process.

(g) Difficulty has been encountered in defining and

controlling the conditions which will yield a

constant electrical streaming potential for

steady- state seepage flow of water. Transient

changes in the streaming potential appear to be characteristic rather than exceptional.

Nevertheless, for flow in water-sat^jrated

porous media, a rapid measioring technique has

been devised which appears to enable the

determination of streaming potential in re- sponse to changes in hydraulic head difference.

The relationship between these two quantities

appears to be one of reasonable proportionality,

for the fritted glass and a mixture of sand

and kaolinite studied thus far.

(O39W) CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RATE OF WATER INFIL- TRATION INTO SOIL. (Formerly No. 5788)

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, Wo. 2.O509.

(h) "The Applicability of Darcy's Law," D. Swart zendruber , Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc,

Vol. 32, Jan-Febl I968.

PURDUE UNIVERSITY, School of Chemical Engineering,

Lafayette, Indiana ^+7907

(6781) FLOW REGIMES IN POROUS MEDIA.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) R.A. Greenkorn, Head, School of Chemical

Engrg. , Purdue Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic, M.S. and Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Displacement of a fluid in a porous medium by

a second fluid was studied in porous medium

models and Hele-Shaw cells of greater porosity.

Viscous flow, gravity flow, and the phenomenon

of "fingering" were investigated, and the

resiilts tested against present theory.

(h) "Gravity and Viscous Induced Instabilities in

Porous Media Displacements," J.E. Varnon,

M.S. thesis, available from Purdue Univ.

Library

.

(6782) FLOW IN HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Petroleum Research Fund.

(c) R.A. Greenkorn; see (6781) above.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic; M.S. thesis.

(e) A study of the phenomenological, statistical,

and mechanistic behavior of multiphase flow in

heterogeneous porous media by measurement on Hele-Shaw and other physical models , and by

theoretical calculations on mathematical

models

.

(h) "Two Fluid Radial Flow in Heterogeneous HeleShaw Models," P.R. Reed, M.S. thesis, available

from Purdue Univ. Library.

"A Study of Permeability and Dispersion

Phenomena in an Anisotropic Porous Media,"

E.G. Lenth, M.S. thesis, available from Purdue

Univ. Library.

(6783) DISPERSION DURING FLOW IN HETEROGENEOUS POROUS

MEDIA.

(b) Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare.

(c) R.A. Greenkorn; see (6781) above.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic; M.S. thesis.

(e) This is a study of the theory and measurement

of dispersion in heterogeneous anisotropic

porous media. Present statistical models will

be extended to include heterogeneity and

isotropy. The models will be tested by

measurements of dispersion coefficients in

linear and radial flow.

(h) "Dispersion During Flow in Linear Heterogeneous

Porous Media," R.C. Pleshek, M.S. thesis,

available from Purdue Univ. Library.

(6784) SINGLE DROP BREAKUP IN DEVELOPING TURBULENT

PIPE FLOW.

(b) Purdue University.

(c) Prof. D.P. Kessler, Assoc. Prof., School of

Chemical Engrg., Purdue Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic; M.S. thesis.

(e) The study of the breakup of a single drop in two phase liquid-liquid developing turbulent

pipe flow was made and correlated with drop

size, drop velocity, distance traveled, and

interfacial tension.

(h) "Single Drop Breakup in Developing Turbulent

Pipe Flow," J.E. Swartz, M.S. thesis, available

from Purude Univ. Library.

(6785) INTERFACIAL AREA IN TWO PHASE FLOW IN PIPES

UNDER CONTINUOUS TURBULENT CONDITIONS.

(b) Purdue University.

(c) J.H. Rushton, Prof., School of Chemical Engrg.,

Purdue Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic; M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) A method of producing high interfacial area between two liquids under continuous flow in

pipes was investigated.

(g) "Interfacial Area in Pipes Under Continuqus

Turbulent Flow Conditions," R.F. Henry, M.S.

99
thesis, available from the Purdue Univ. Library.

PURDUE imVERSITY, School of Civil Engrg ., Lafayette,

Indiana ^7907

(2Qkl) HYDROLOGY OF SMALL WATERSHEDS IN INDIAM.

(b) Purdue Water Resources Research Center (since

June 1965); State Highway Dept. of Indiana

and Indiana State Flood Control and Water

Resources Commission (prior to June I965).

(c) Dr. J.W. Delleur, Hydromechanics Lab., School

of Civil Engr., Pxirdue Univ.

(d) Analysis and field investigation; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The purpose of the research is to study the

hydrology of watersheds less than 300 square

miles throughout the State of Indiana to improve

the existing methods for estimating the runoff

from these watersheds.

(g) Peak discharges were analyzed statistically

and a correlation was obtained between the 25

year peak discharge and geomorphological

characteristics of the watersheds. Peak discharges for other frequencies may also be obtained. A synthetic design hydrograph was developed on the basis of the instantaneous

hydrograph theory. The hydrograph is determined by two parameters which have been related

statistically to geomorphological characteristics of the watershed. The theory of over- land flow has been investigated from a

hydrodynajnics standpoint. This study is being

extended to include a larger number of watersheds and a larger number of hydrographs.

Analysis is being made using linear system

theory.

(h) "Design Hydrographs for Small Watersheds in

Indiana," I. P. Wu, ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div.,

Vol. 88, 1963.

"Determination of Peak Discharge and Design

Hydrographs for Small Watersheds in Indiana,

I. P. Wu, J.W. Delleur, and M.H. Diskin,

Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources

Commission, Ind. State Highway Commission, and

Purdue Univ., IO6 pp., Oct. 196k. Obtainable

from Joint Highway Research Project, School of

Civil Engrg., Purdue Univ., at the cost of $1

per copy,

(iH9l) MEANDER FLOOD PLAIN MODEL.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. G.H. Toebes, Hydromechanics Lab., School

of Civil Engrg., Purdue Univ.

(d) Analytical and experimental research for Ph.D.

thesis.

(e) A meander flood plain model is being constructed

to replace 5' x 30' model used in first phase

of project. Also data collection equipment is

being improved to obtain greatly increased

efficiency. Experimental and analytical study

of three-dimensional flow patterns in meandering channel with adjacent flood plains.

Collection of energy loss data and study of

distribution of shear stress and scour. Work

applicable to channel protection and flood

routing questions, and to problems involving

flood plain utilization. Statistical studies

of meander geometry are being made for White

River system in Indiana.

(g) Energy losses for the geometry considered are

larger than the sum of the separate losses in

the meandering channel and the flood plains.

During overbank flows helicoidal currents are

reversed compared to inbank flow conditions.

During high floods the river tends to straighten its course,

(h) "The Flow in a Meander-Flood Plain Geometry,"

A.A. Sooky, Ph.D. thesis, I963.

"The Hydraulics of Meandering Rivers with

Flood Plains," G.H. Toebes and A.A. Sooky,

Hydromechanics Lab., Purdue Univ. Tech. Rept.

No. 10, 196k.

"Hydraulics of Meandering Rivers with Flood

Plains," G.H. Toebes and A.A. Sooky, Jour, of

Waterways and Harbors, paper No. 52^4-0, Proc. ASCE, 1967.

(5110) HOT WIRE PHYSICS IN LIQUIDS.

(b) Purdue Research Foundation.

(c) Dr. J.W. Delleur, Hydromechanics Lab., School

of Civil Engrg., Pxjrdue Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The purpose of this research is to investigate

the heat transfer characteristics of hot wires

in liquids, to determine their sensitivity to fluctuations of velocity, temperature and

flow direction, and to arrive at an understanding of the physical causes of their

limitations

.

(f) Complete.

(g) System response equations have been formxilated.

Heat transfer from hot-wires and cylindrical

hot films has been measured in de-ionized

water and in ethylene glycol.

(h) "Characteristics of Hot-Wire and Hot-Film

Sensors for Tiirbulence Measurements in

Liquids," D.L. Liu, Ph.D. thesis, Purdue

Univ. 1967.

Discussion of "Some Turbulence Measurements,"

C.L. Liu, J.W. Delleur, G.H. Toebes, Jour. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, Dec. I967.

"Some Experiences with Hot-Wire and Cylindrical Hot-Film Anemometers in Liquid," J.W. Delleur, G.H. Toebes, and C.L. Liu, Intl.

Symp. on Hot-wire Anemometry, Univ. of

Maryland, March I967.

(5111) FLUIDELASTIC OPERATORS FOR UNDER- STREAMLINED

STRUCTURES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. G.H. Toebes; see (kl9l) above.

(d) Experimental and analytical for M.Sc. and

Ph.D. Theses.

(e) Analytical and experimental study aimed at correlating the hydroelastic loading of

structural components and the turbulent

structure of the generated wake and separating boxjndary layers; study of energy

transfer between fluid and structure.

(g) Force, displacement and wake turbulence

measurements are being made for variety of

cylindrical components and plate-like

structures . Reduction of data by means of

spectrum analysis equipment.

(h) "Fluldelasticity," G.H. Toebes, Proc. XI Congr. Intl. Assoc. Hyd. Research, Leningrad,

USSR, 1965.

"Flow Induced Structural Vibrations," G.H. Toebes, ASCE, Jour. Engrg. Mech. Div., Vol. 91,

EM 6, 1965.

"Fluidelastic Forces on Circular Cylinders,"

G.H. Toebes and A.S. Ramamxirthy, Jour. EM 6-No. 5627, ASCE 1967.

"Fluidelastic Features of Flow Around Circular

Cylinders," Proc. Intl. Research Seminar on Wind Effects on Buildings, Natl. Res. Council,

Ottawa, Canada, I967.

100
(5112) TURBUtEHCE MEASUREMENTS IN LIQUIDS.

(b) Naval Ship Res. and Dev. Ctr.

(c) Dr. G.H. Toebes; see (i+igi) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; for Ph.D. theses.

(e) Analytic and experimental investigation aimed

at optimization of turbulence measurements in

liquids using hot-wire and hot-film anemometer

equipment. Dynamic calibration of hot-wire

probes

.

(f) Complete.

(g) Special calibration and test equipment has

been built. Spectrum analysis equipment has

been adapted for above studies. Special

recirculation equipment for laboratory water

supply has been built. Liquid Anemometry

Data collected.

(h) "Turbulence Measurements in Liquids," T.R. 12,

Hydromechanics Lab., Purdue University, 1965.

"The Steady State and Dynamic Heat Transfer

from Turbulence Sensors in Liquids," J.W.

Delleiir, G.H. Toebes and C.L. Liu, Intl.

Assoc. Hyd. Research, Proc. 12th Congr. , 1967-

{5kQZ) URBAN HYDROLOGY FOR SELECTED SITES IN INDIANA.

(b) Indiana Flood Control and Water Resources

Commission (Sept. 196*+ to Jan. I966); Indiana

Dept. of Natural Resources and Office of Water

Resources Research, Dept. of the Interior.

(Since Sept. 196?)

•

(c) Dr. J.W. Delleur, Hydromechanics Lab., School

of Civil Engrg., Purdue Univ.

(d) For M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) Rainfall-runoff relationships are studied for

selected sites in Indiana in order to test scientific methods of estimating the surface

runoff and to obtain design criteria that can

be used by practicing engineers.

(g) Two suburban watersheds are instrumented in West Lafayette, Indiana.

(h) Discussion of "Time in Urban Hydrology," G.E. Willeke, by J.W. Dellexar and E.B. Vician,

Jour. Hyd. Div. ASCE, Sept. I966, pp. 2ii3-251.

"Response of Stage Recorder Systems," J.W. Delleur and D. Blank, Proc. Intl. Hydrology

Symp., Fort Collins, Colo., Sept. I967,

Vol. 1, p. 165.

i5^Qk) DESIGN OF INSTRUCTIONAL EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS IN FLUID MECHAUICS.

(b) Engrg. Experiment Sta.; National Science

Foundation; Purdue Univ.

(c) Dr. J.W. Delleur and Dr. G.H. Toebes, Hydromechanics Lab., School of Civil Engrg., Purdue

Univ.

(d) Developmental; M.S. theses.

(e) Evaluation of the various means of conducting

an undergraduate laboratory course in Hydromechanics; evaluation of the subject matter

to be investigated, and design of specific

equipment

.

(f) Complete.

(g) The design of the following apparatuses have

been completed: Manometers, rotating cylinder

apparatus , radial flow apparatus , small wind

tunnel, unsteady flow apparatus, cavitation

apparatus, pressure measurement apparatus,

viscous flow apparatus.

(h) "Aspects of the Distribution System of the

Purdue Hydromechanics Laboratory," G. Sherwin,

M.S. thesis, June 1965.

"Selected Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,"

M.K. Householder, M.S. thesis, Aug. 1965-

"Fluid Mechanics: Equipment and Experiments

for the Undergraduate Student," W.E. Fite,

M.S. thesis, June 1967.

(5830) INSTRUCTIONAL FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

DEVELOPMENT.

(b) National Science Foundation; Purdue Univ.

(c) Dr. J.W. Delleur and V.W. Goldschmidt.

( d ) Deve lopmental

.

(e) Curriculum improvement in undergraduate fluid

mechanics is sought in part by the use of free

hand experiments in which small groups of

students are allowed to select, plan, instrument, execute, and present the resiilts of a small scale investigation under the counsel

of the instructor.

(g) Equipment has been acquired to implement the

objectives of the program.

(h) "Philosophy of Fluid Mechanics Laboratory

Instruction," J.W. Delleur, V.W. Goldschmidt,

and W.I. Freel, submitted to Jour, of

Engineering Education.

(5831) PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE SCALE

HYDROMECHAIJICS LABORATORY EQUIPMENT.

(b) Purdue University, NSF (Traineeship)

.

(c) Dr. G.H. Toebes, Hydromechanics Lab., School

of Civil Engrg., Purdue Univ.

(d) Design, theoretical, experimental; for Ph.D.

theses

.

(e) Completed are a 35' x I.5' x 3' and a 90' x

6' X 3' tilting glass lined flumes. The

largest flume accomodates sediment recirculation.

(g) Data collection systems for flumes have been

completed and are being tested.

(h) "Design and Performance Characteristics of a Hydromechanics Laboratory Flume and

Instrumentation," V.T. Ricca, Ph.D. thesis,

Purdue Univ., I966.

(5832) MEAN VELOCITY VECTOR MEASUREMENTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. G.H. Toebes; see (5831) above.

(d) Experimental; for M.Sc. thesis.

(e) Optimization of velocity meter based on Pitotsphere principle and associated read out equipment

.

(g) Digital data reduction nearly completed.

Probe modifications are being evaluated.

(h) "The Development of a Pitot Tube," M.A. Pero,

Jr., MS thesis, Aug. I966.

(5833) WIND TUNNEL DEVELOPMENT.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. V.W. Goldschmidt, Hydromechanics Lab.,

School of Civil Engrg., Purdue Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; M.S. thesis.

(e) A wind tunnel is being designed to provide

general purpose flow field for experimental

studies

.

(g) Model tests of wide angle diffusers have been

made, and the performance and design criteria

for a low speed tunnel have been investigated.

(h) "Incorporation of a Wide Angle Diffuser in a

Low Speed Wind Tunnel," P.J. Morane, M.S. thesis, 1967.

(6197) INVESTIGATIONS ON FREE SURFACE FLOW AND WAVE

PROPAGATION THROUGH CHANNEL-FLOOD PLAIN

GEOMETRIES.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept.

Agricxxlture

.

(c) Dr. G.H. Toebes; see (5831) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; thesis.

(e) The objectives are to determine improved

relationships for energy loss and flood wave velocity for channel-flood plain geometries.

101
(g) Several uniform flow energy loss relationships have been determined and reported.

Equipment improvement, aimed at processing

better detail and measuring dynamic variables,

is under vay.

(h) "Uniform Flow in Idealized Channel-Flood

Plain Geometries," J.W. Delleur, G-H. Toebes,

and B.C. Udeozo, Intl. Assoc. Hyd. Research,

Proc. 12th Congr., I967.

(6198) HYDRAULICS OF FLOW IN MEANDERING RIVERS WITH

FLOOD PLAINS.

(b) Purdue Water Resources Research Center.

(c) Dr. G.H. Toebes; see (5831) above.

(d) Analytical and experimental; Ph.D. thesis.

(g) Statistical study of river meanders in White

River System, Ind. Investigation of sandcla,y mixtures for use in cohesive, movable

boundary meander model.

(h) "Planform Analysis of Meandering Rivers,"

G.H. Toebes and T.P. Chang, Intl. Assoc. Hyd.

Res., 12th Congr., 1967-

"Erosive Behavior of Cohesive Soils," U. Dash,

Ph.D. thesis, P\ardue Univ.,1968.

(6199) MECHANICS OF SOIL EROSION DUE TO OVERLAND

FLOW WITH RAINFALL.

(b) Purdue University; and Agricialtural Research

Service, U.S. Dept. Agric.

(c) Dr. J.W. Delleur, School of Civil Engrg.,

and Dr. D. Meyer, School of Agric. Engrg.,

Purdue Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; for Ph.D.

thesis

.

(e) A study of the hydrodynamics of overland

flow under rainfall as a basis for the understanding of soil erosion.

(6200) NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A TURBULENCE MODEL.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Aldo Giorgini, Hydromechanics Lab.,

School of Civil Engrg. , Purdue Univ.

(d) Theoretical and numerico-experimental; basic

research for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) A continuous chain of zero-energy impulses is

given to the Fourier-amplitude of the velocity

field described by Burgers equation. In the

long run, ensemble averages are substituted

by time averages and the statistical properties of the velocity field are analyzed.

The statistics of the stochastic process

governed by Burgers equation has a twofold

interest: (l) as a term of comparison for

hypotheses on turbulence and (2) as the exact mathematical model of the statistics of a random distribution of plain shock waves,

(h) A report on the results of the first part of

this research. "A Numerical Experiment on a Turbulence Model," Aldo Giorgini, NCAR PR No.

k22, National Center for Atmospheric Research,

Boulder, Colo. 86 302.

(6201) DEPENDENCE BETWEEN TURBULENT EDDY VISCOSITY

AND FLUID VISCOSITY.

b) Purdue Research Foundation.

c) Dr. V.W. Goldschmidt, Hydromechanics Lab.,

School of Civil Engrg., Purdue Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; for Ph.D.

thesis

.

(e) Eddy viscosity is evalimted from measurement

of velocity profiles in liquid jets of which

kinematic viscosity is varied.

(6202) DIFFUSION AND IMPACTION OF AEROSOL PARTICLES,

(b) National Science Foundation; and Piardue

Research Foundation.

(c) Dr. V.W. Goldschmidt; see (6201) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; Ph.D. thesis,

(e) The dependence of turbulence diffijsion on particle size and mass is sought. Diffusion

of liquid aerosols in a two-dimensional air

jet is being studied using a hot-wire

anemometer as a size-concentration sampler.

Other flow fields such as a submerged two- dimensional water jet will be used. The impaction coefficient on circular cylinders is under theoretical and experimental investigation. Knowledge of the impaction coefficient

in the interception range is necessary for the

calibration of the aerosol size sampler.

(g) A reliable proced\jre has been designed to modify the hot-wire anemometer to a device

which determines the size and concentration

of particles in air.

(h) "Measurements of Aerosols by Hot-Wire

Anemoraetry, V.W. Goldschmidt and M.K. Householder, Proc. Intli^ymp. on Hot-Wire

Anemometry, March "dW, 196T .

PURDUE UNIVERSITY, Jet Propulsion Center , Lafayette,

Indiana '+7909

(6218) ENERGY TRANSFER TO GAS BUBBLES DURING THEIR FORMATION AT SUBMERGED ORIFICE.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) M.R. L'Ecuyer, Assoc. Prof., Jet Propulsion

Center, Purdue Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for M.S. and Ph.D. Degrees.

(e) The research program concerns: (i) an experimental study of the basic mechanism of

bubble formation at a submerged orifice; (ii) an experimental and theoretical investigation

of the energy transfer to the gas during the

bubble formation period.

Experiments employing high speed photography

and high sensitivity pressure measurements

have been conducted by injecting nitrogen

into water to determine the conditions re- quired for the initiation of a bubble and the

instantaneous rate of gas flow into the bubble.

The influence of the mean gas flowrate, the

volume of the gas supply chamber, and the

orifice geometry has been studied. The theoretical analysis of the energy transfer involves the development of a finite difference

solution of the governing eqi:iations for describing the flow within an expanding, translating, spherical bubble forming at an orifice

for specified conditions on the rate of gas

flow into the bubble. The effects of energy

transfer to the gas are reflected in experimental measurements of the accelerated growth

rate of the bubble due to thermal expansion

of the gas.

(g) The experiments on the mechanism of bubble

formation have demonstrated the validity of

determining the instantaneous rate of gas

flow into a bubble from measurements of the

transient pressure in the gas supply system.

That flow rate was found to be as much as 2 to 10 times greater than the mean gas flowrate

through the system. The influence of the

orifice geometry and the gas supply chamber

volume on the bubble formation process was explained in terms of an excess pressure re- quired for the initiation of bubble formation

and the gas stored by the system prior to 102
that Initiation,

(h) "The Mechanism of Bufble Formation at a Submerged Orifice," H.F. Veldman and M.R. L'Ecuyer, Kept. No. TM-68, Jet Propulsion

Center, Purdue Univ., Feb. I968 (available

from Purdue Univ .

)

(6219) MASS TRANSFER FROM A THIN LIQUID FIIiM TO A

HIGH VELOCITY HOT GAS STREAM.

(b) Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin, (initiated

by); laboratory project (currently).

(c) M.R. L'Ecuyer; see (62l8) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research for M.S. and

Ph.D. degrees.

(e) Experiments are conducted for determining the

total rate of mass transfer from a thin liq_uid

film (water, methanol, butanol, RP-'4-) to an air

stream (5-10 atm) flowing at 50-14-50 ft/sec

at temperature of i+OO-TOO degrees F. The

liquid film is formed by injection onto a horizontal flat plate. High magnification

photographs are used to characterize the

stability of the liquid film. Ifess transfer

measurements under both hot flow and cold flow

conditions enable the isolation of the total

mass transfer rate into contributions due to

(a) evaporation of the liquid and (b) mechanical entrainment of the liquid by the gas

stream. The influence of the gas stream

Reynolds numbers (106 - lo7 per ft), the rate

of liquid injection, and the liqiiid physical

properties is determined,

(g) Experiments show that the magnitude of the

liquid entrainment can be as much as 50 percent of the total rate of mass transfer from

the liquid film. The entrainment is governed

by the momentum flux of the gas stream indicating a dependence on interfacial shear stress. The rate of evaporation of the film is influenced significantly by the roughness of the

film. The lose of preliminary correlations has

demonstrated the ability to predict the total

mass transfer rate to within 20 percent of the

experimental values reported in previous

investigations of liquid-film cooling.

PURDUE UNIVERSITY, School of Mechanical Engrg .

,

Lafayette, Indiana 1+7907

(57I+I) A STUDY OF ROTATING FLUIDS BETWEEN PARALLEL

DISKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. E.J. Wellman, Assoc. Prof, of Mechanical

Engrg ., Purdue Univ

.

(d) Analytical and experimental; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) A system has been constructed which consists

of an 18 inch diameter vertical cylindrical

tank within which a coaxial circular disk is

mounted parallel to the bottom of the tank.

The disk may be rotated throughout a range of

speeds and the spacing between the disk and the

bottom of the tank may be adjusted. Disks are available in a series of diameters, the largest

of which is approximately eqi;al to the inside

of the tank. Preliminary observations and

photographs have been Tiiade with the disc

rotating in contact with a water surface. The

flow was made visible by dye injection or by

introduction of neutral density partj.cles. A

fine platinum wire has been mounted in the

flow and the hydrogen bubble technique has

also teen used to observe the flow. This

study is being made in an effort to analyze

and understand the nature of the flow in such

a system, and particularly to try to determine

the nature of the vortices which have been

reported and the conditions under which they

occur. The study should have application to rotating fluid machinery and also to atmos- pheric flow conditions.

PURDUE UNIVERSITY, School of Mechanical Engrg.,

Automatic Control Lab., Lafayette , Indiana 14-7907

(14-197) PROPAGATION OF DISTURBANCE IN FLUID LINES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Rufus Oldenburger, Director, Automatic

Control Center, Sch. of Mech. Engrg.,

Purdue Univ.

(d) Theoretical; basic research; doctoral thesis.

(e) The purpose of the project was to investigate

the phenomena of the decay and dispersion of

a disturbance pulse as it travels in a fluid

along a pipe. A disturbance has associated

with it deviations in the mean velocity and

pressure. The disturbance pulse, therefor,

may be considered as a velocity or pressure

pulse. By decay, we mean here a decrease

in the intensity; and by dispersion, an increase in the width of the pulse with time. In an ideal nonviscous fluid contained in a rigid pipe, decay and dispersion do not occur, but are observed in the viscous fluids. A

reflection of the pulse from a closed free end

of the pipe also causes decay and dispersion.

It is observed that for sufficiently lov

values of the coefficient of friction, the

viscous effects may be approximated by a piare

decay without dispersion.

(f) Completed.

(g) A disturbance, introduced at some point in a semi-infinite pipe filled with a fluid,

travels with the velocity of sound. If the

fluid is nonviscous, the disturbance is trans- mitted ahead and the fluid regains its

equilibrium state. In the case of a viscous

fluid, the equilibrium state is reached gradually. If the input velocity is such that the

coefficient of viscous friction is dominated

by 2/t for the duration T of the disturbance,

then the influence of viscosity may be

approximated by an exponential decay without

any distortion in the form of the pulse. A

pulse as a result of a reflection from a freely

movable end wall of the pipe is dispersed. If

the mass of the end wall is neglected and the

coefficient of viscous friction satisfies the

condition above, the effect may be taken as reduction in the velocity by a factor \ , where \ satisfies a simple equation given in

the paper.

(h) "Propagation of Disturbance in Fluid Lines,"

J.S. Ansari and R. Oldenbiorger , Trans. Amer.

Soc. Mech. Engrs., Vol. 89, series D, No. 2,

June 1967, pp. 1+15-14-22.

THE RAND CORPORATION , 1700 Main St., Santa Monica,

California 901+06

Address inquires to Dr. S.M. Greenfield, Head, Dept.

of Geophysics and Astronomy, the RAND Corporation,

at above address, unless otherwise noted.

103
(6786) GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYMMICS.

(b) U.S. Air Force.

(d) Theoretical; experimental.

(e) An inquiry into the convective processes that

occia: in sunspots directed toward sunspot prediction; experiments to determine the effect

of magnetic Reynolds number on convection and

to correlate laboratory flows with sunspots

.

(6787) GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS.

(b) U.S. Air Force.

(d) Theoretical.

(e) An attempt to understand shock, blast, and

impact phenomena throvigh the development and

utilization of a suitable hydrodynamic model.

The primary application of this research is to the determination of free-field motions

and pressures following the detonation of a

nuclear device in water or air. Currently

directed toward improving the present particle-

-in-cell hydrodynamic model and the determination of the eqmtion of state of water over

a wide range of pressures and temperatxares

.

(g) Construction of an e-p-v equation of state for

water over a range of variables suitable for

nuclear-burst calculations.

(h) "The Rice and Walsh Eqi;ation of State for

Water -- Discussion, Limitations, and

Extensions," R.A. Papetti and M.C. Fujisaki,

RAND Memo. 505O, Dec. I967.

"Thermochemlcal Relations for Water at High

Temperatures and Pressures," R.A. Papetti and

M.C. Fujisaki, RAND Memo. 1+969, July 1967-

(6788) GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS.

(b) National Science Foimdation.

(d) Theoretical; applied.

(e) Development and testing of hydrodynamic models

of large-scale ocean circulation. Long-term

objective: prediction of oceanic behavior and

the dynamics of air/sea interaction as part of

the weather-modification and -control problem.

(g) The time-dependent behavior of a homogeneous

wind-driven ocean has been studied by extended numerical integration. The large-scale

currents have been successfully simulated in

a uniformly shallow ocean. The shape and

depth of the western part of the ocean exert

a very strong influence on the shape, location,

and intensity of the major currents

.

(6789) GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS.

b) U.S. Air Force,

d) Theoretical; applied,

(e) A study of thermal or convective instability

in confined regions: thermal instability within a sphere heated from below; convection

within a rotating cylinder; convection within

the earth's fluid core. Applications to cryogenic storage of liquids in space and to terrestrial induction,

(g) Reports in progress.

(6790) CLOUD PHYSICS.

(b) Naval Research Lab.; National Science Foundation; and Environmental Science Services Admin.

(d) Theoretical.

(e) With the ultimate objective of providing Inputs

for an atmospheric model for weather-modification studies, this is an attempt to develop

a computer model of a cumulus cloud that

follows the growth from the start of convec- tion (NRL and ESSA). Other basic-studies

include the microphysical effects of clouddroplet coalescence, the force on two spheres

in Stokes flow, the force on two spheres in an electric field (nSF) and the mechanism of

precipitation.

(g) Programs that model droplet coalescence,

condensation, precipitation, and axially

symmetric cumulus dynamics have been completed

and attempts are being made to merge them into a larger model.

(h) "Theoretical Collision Efficiencies for Cloud

Droplets in the Radius Range IO-I3 Microns,"

M.H. Davis, RAND Memo. 514-19, Nov. 1967.

"The Force on Two Spheres in Stokes Flow,"

M.H. Davis, RAND Memo. 5357, Aug. I967. "On the Computation of Saturation Vapor

Pressure," F.W. Mxirray, RAND Paper 31+23, Aug.

1966. "Ice Multiplication in the Atmosphere," L.R. Koenig, RAND Paper 3623, Aug. I967.

"Numerical Simulation of Cumulus Convection,"

F.W. Murray, RAND Memo. 5316-NRL, April I967.

"Cloud Droplet Coalescence: Effects of the

Davis-Sartor Collision Efficiency," M. Warshaw,

RAND Memo. 51+69-NSF, Oct. 1967.

"Numerical Modeling of Condensation," L.R. Koenig, RAND Memo. 5553-NSF, forthcoming.

(6791) BIOENGINEERING.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical, experimental; applied.

(e) The study of extra- corporeal systems for oxygen

ating blood, in cooperation with medical staff

of the University of California, Los Angeles.

Attempt to find ways of predicting the performance of oxygenating devices for open-heart

surgery through fluid-mechanics and mass

transfer studies and the testing of experimental devices.

(g) Simple theory for oxygen transfer to flowing

blood in tubes, channels and films has been

developed. Applied to centrifugally driven

blood- film.

(6792) BIOENGINEERING.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical; applied.

(e) An attempt to construct an analytical model of

the eye's heat-transport mechanism. The model

shows how changes in environmental temperature

and humidity affect corneal surface temperature

(h) Final report in process.

(6793) BIOENGINEERING.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical.

(e) Study of the fluid mechanics of the human micro

circulation. Currently directed toward the

development of useful engineering models of

flow and transport in the capillaries.

(f) Just initiated.

(6791+) BIOENGINEERING.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical; applied.

(e) An investigation of the complex structure of

the eye, attempting to find a more exact relationship among pressures, deformation, and

the calibration of pressure-detecting instru- ments. High pressure is an early sign of

galucoma.

(g) Ocular tension in the various layers of the cornea due to intraocular pressure are determined as a function of corneal parameter.

Work is in progress to apply the model to applanation tonometry.
(6795) DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF WATER WAVE PROPAGATION.

("b) U.S. Air Force.

(c) Dr. J.J. Leendertse, The RAND Corporation.

(d) Theoretical; applied.

(e) The "broad objective is to model water waves generated by nuclear explosions dxiring propagation towards shore. The three-dimensional

model should be applicable for areas with

complicated bottom contours and include the

effect of the vertical accelerations of water

particles.

(g) A computational model for long waves has been

developed. The model permits modeling in areas with complicated boundaries and is particularly

suited for hydraulic engineering research.

The basis of computation is the vertically

integrated equations of motion and continuity

in an Eulerian system. These partial differential equations are approximated by two sets

of difference equations which are used in

succession. The computation is unconditionally

stable. Its accuracy has been tested on tidal

computations

.

(h) "Aspects of a Computational Model for LongPeriod Water-Wave Propagation," Jan J. Leendertse, RM-529i4-PR, The RAND Corporation,

May 1967.

RENSSELAER POLyTECHNIC INSITUTE, Dept. of Mathematics , Troy, New York 12181

(6772) STABILITY OF VISCOUS FLOW OVER CURVED SURFACES.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Professors R.C. DiPrima and L.A. Segel, Dept.

of Mathematics, Rensselaer Poly. Inst,

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Development and breakdown of Taylor- vortex

flow and Benard cells

.

(g) Transition from Taylor-vortex flow to a wavyvortex flow is predicted at about 10^ above

critical Taylor number for flow between

rotating cylinders

.

(h) "On the Instability of Taylor Vortices," A. Davey, R.C. DiPrima, J.T. Stuart, J. Fluid

Mech.,Jan. I968.

(6773) NONLINEAR EFFECTS IN HYDRODYNAMIC AND THERMAL

INSTABILITY PROBLEMS.

(b) U.S. Army Research Office-Durham.

(c) Profs. R.C. DiPrima and L.A, Segel; see (6772).

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Numerical procedures for computing supercritical

flow; wavenumber selection, pattern formation.

(g) Theory shows why hexagonal convection cells are more likely in thin layers where surface

tension is important.

(h) "Finite Amplitude Cellular Convection Induced

by Surface Tension," J.W, Scanlon and L.A. Segel, J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 30, 1^9-62, I967.

AROD Progress Reports since 1 Oct., 196k-.

UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND, Narragansett Marine

Laboratory, Kingston, R.I. 02881

(6220) INTERNAL WAVES AND TURBULENCE,

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Dr. Kern Kenyon, Narragansett Marine Lab.,

and Dr. Richard Hill, Dept. of Ocean Engrg.,

Univ. of Rhode Island.

(d) Theoretical and field investigation; basic

research for M.S. thesis.

(e) To measure and explain the correlation of

temperature and velocity records obtained

from vertically separated sensors in shallow ocean depths.

(f) Active, just getting underway.

ROCKETDYNE , 6633 Canoga Ave., Canoga Park, California

9130^

(617*4-) EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HYDRODYNAMI CALLY

INDUCED SHAFT FORCES WITH A THREE-BLADE

INDUCER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. M.C. Huppert, Propulsion Specialist,

Rocketdyne

.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) Investigate unbalanced hydrodynamic forces

upon inducers, particularly during partial

cavitation.

(f) Completed.

(g) An Inducer drive shaft was equipped with bending sensitive and torsion sensitive strain

gages to measTore inducer hydrodynamic forces

during actual operating conditions in an

inducer water txannel. Dynamic data were obtained for step changes in inlet pressure

and for various flowrates. The data show

that the shaft was subjected to either a steady bending force toward one blade or a rotating bending force rotating about 10

percent faster than the blade. Possible

causes of the rotating force were discussed.

The influence on the force of gas injection

was indicated experimentally.

(h) "Experimental Investigations of Hydrodynamically Induced Shaft Forces With a ThreeBladed Inducer," W. Rosenmann, Cavitation

in Flmd Machinery, ASME Symp., Nov. 1965,

Chicago, 111., pp. I72-I95. Also issued as Rocketdyne internal report (TAMM 1+115-3'+, May 1964) under same title.

(6175) STUDY OF PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS.

(b) Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Huntsville,

Alabama

.

(c) Dr. E.D. Jackson, Member of Technical Staff,

Rocketdyne

.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research.

(e) An investigation of various sources of pumpgenerated pressure oscillations.

(f) Completed.

(g) Some analytical procedures were developed v;hich may be applied in the design and analysis of

turbopumps from an oscillation standpoint.

The pump blade wake oscillations were studied

from the viewpoint of generation, transmission,

superposition, and elimination of acoustic

waves. Initial studies were made of cavitation

oscillations by studying the cavity volume of an

inducer and its effect on oscillations. Experimental programs were conducted to verify and

supplement certain of the analytical resultsA limited experimental study was also made of

stall oscillations in an axial and centrifugal

pump.

(h) Two Rocketdyne reports were issued: "Summary,

Study of Pump Discharge Pressure Oscillations,"

R6693-I and "Final Report, Study of Pump

Discharge Pressure Oscillations," R6693-2,

E.D. Jackson, Oct. I966.

105
(6176) TESTING PUMPS IN AIR.

(b) Various progreuns funded by NASA, Hmtsvllle,

Ala., and U.S. Air Force.

(c) Mr. J.A. King, Senior Technical Specialist,

Rocketdyne.

(d) Experimental applied research and development.

(e) Investigations of various axial and centrifxjgal flow turbopumps have been conducted in

air as a means of reducing the cost of

experimentation.

(f) Certain aspects completed, but effort continues on related problems

.

(g) Rocketdyne has tested pumps with air as the

working fluid and has found that a very good

correlation exists between air test data and

liquid test data. Data taken in the air have

been compared with data taken in water, LOX,

RP-1, and liquid hydrogen. Some of the

technical areas that have been investigated

include tip clearance effects, volute geometry effects, oscillations generated by the

pump, stall, pump inlet and discharge velocity surveys, and others.

(h) "Testing Pumps In Air," J. A. King, Paper No.

67-WA/FE-I*, presented at Winter Annual Meeting, ASME, Pittsburgh, Pa., Nov. I967.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN HYDRAULIC LABORATORY , Allenspark,

Colorado 80 5 10

(6377) HOW TO PLACE ROCK SAUSAGES TO OBTAIN EFFECTIVE

EROSION PROOFING.

(b) Water Resources Inst., Univ. of Connecticut.

(c) Prof. C.J. Posey, Director, Rocky Mountain

Hydraulic Lab.

(d) Experimental; development or applied

research.

(e) This phase of a Water Resources Inst, project

was undertaken to develop criteria for failsafe installation of rock sausages.

(g) Simple and practical, but novel, specifications have been developed.

(h) A motion picture film is being prepared which

will present essential res\ilts to design and

maintenance staffs.

ST. ANTHONY FALLS HYDRAULIC LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY

OF MINNESOTA, Mississippi River at Third Ave., S. E.,

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55'+!'+

Inquiries concerning projects 21kk, 3153. 3502, 3824,

14-201, 4209, 4700, 5494, 5496-5502, 5792-5796, 5798-

5801, 5804, 5805, and 6735-6751 should be addressed

to the Director, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory at the above address.

Inqmries concerning project Nos. Ill, II68, and 2386,

which are conducted by the Agricultural Research

Service, should be addressed to Mr. Fred W. Blaisdell,

Research Investigations Leader, Soil and Water

Conservation Research Division, Agricultural Research

Service, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab., at above,

address

.

Inqxiiries concerning Project No. 194, which is con- ducted in cooperation with the Corps of Engineers

and the U.S. Geological Survey, should be addressed

to Engineer in Charge, Mr. John V. Skinner, Federal

Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project, St. Anthony

Falls Hydraulic Lab., at above address.

(ill) CLOSED CONDUIT SPILLWAY.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept.

of Agric, in cooperation with the Minnesota

Agric. Expmt. Sta. and the St. Anthony Falls

Hydraulic Lab.

(d) Experimental; generalized applied research

for development and design.

(e) A square drop inlet having a hood barrel

entrance is being tested to determine en- trance loss coefficients for various drop

inlet sizes and heights and various barrel

slopes. Previous tests have evaluated the

performance of this type of inlet.

The elbow and transition between the two-way

drop inlet and the barrel is being studied to determine the pressures and the best form to minimize the possibility of cavitation,

(g) The theory of closed conduit spillways has

been developed, verified, and published.

Results of tests on many forms of the closed

conduit spillway entrance have been published.

Pipe culverts laid on steep slopes may flow

completely full even though the outlet discharges freely. Generalized methods for

analysis and reporting of the results have been

developed. The use of air as the model fluid

has been verified by comparing test results

with those obtained using water as the model

fluid.

The drop inlet with the horizontal anti-vortex

device causes the spillway to act as a selfregulating siphon when the headpool level

approximates the anti-vortex plate elevation.

The height of the anti -vortex plate above the

drop inlet crest and the overhang of the antivortex plate determine the effectiveness of the

plate as an anti -vortex device. For one form

of the inlet, tests have been made to determine

the crest loss coefficient, the barrel entrance

loss coefficient, the pressures on the plate and

the drop inlet, the general performance of the

inlet, minimum and maximum permissible plate

heights, and the head-discharge relationship

for plate control. Variables have been the

length of the drop inlet, the barrel slope,

the height and overhang of the anti -vortex

plate, and the sidewall thickness.

Tests on the hood drop inlet have shown that

the hood barrel entrance can be used to reduce

the minimum required height of the drop inlet.

Minimum sizes of drop inlet and anti-vortex

devices have been determined. Tests of lowstage orifices in the two-way drop inlet have

shown that improper location and improper

proportioning of the orifices can prevent

priming of the spillway. The proper location

and size of the orifices have been determined.

To supplement the experiments, potential flow

methods have been used to determine the theoretical coefficient of energy loss at the crest

of the two-way drop inlet.

Six shapes of elbow between the two-way drop

inlet and the transition were tested. The

elbows were evaluated on the basis of high

minimum relative pressures and the presence of

adverse pressure gradients. The theoretical

free streamline elbow had small areas of ad- verse pressure gradient. The best elbow is an

ellipse with semi -major and semi -minor axes of

2 D and 1 D. (D is the barrel diameter). An

elbow made up of two 45-degree circular

segments of radii D/2 and 3 D/2 also has

generally satisfactory hydraialic characteristics.

Seven transitions between the half-square

106
crown — half-circular invert cross section

at the elbow exit and the circular barrel were

tested. The best transition is warped and ID

long. Its top, ID above the pipe Invert, is an equilateral triangle ID wide at the elbow

exit with its apex at the barrel entrance.

The warped sides are the locus of lines run perpendicular to the pipe axis from the edge

of the triangular top tangent to the pipe

circ-umference. A conical transition 2D long

is also satisfactory. This transition has an isosceles triangle top ID above the pipe

invert. The base of the triangle at the

elbow exit is ID wide and its apex is at the

pipe crown at the downstream end of the

transition. The sides are vertical right

triangular planes D/2 high at the elbow exit.

The hypotenuse drops from D above the pipe

invert at the elbow exit to d/2 above the

pipe invert at the downstream end of the

transition. Quadrants of circular cones fill

the space between the vertical side triangular

planes and the nearly horizontal triangular

plane top.

The entrance loss coefficients are low and

identical within the limits of experimental

precision for all elbow-transition combinations . (h) "The Two-Way Drop Inlet for a Closed Conduit

Spillway," Charles A. Donnelly, Jour, of

Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 20, Wo. 6, pp. 251-253, Nov. -Dec. 1965.

"Hydraulics of Closed Conduit Spillways,

Part XI, Tests Using Air," Fred W. Blaisdell

and George G. Hebaus, St. Anthony Falls

Hydraulic Lab. Tech. Paper Mo. kk, Ser. B.,

52 pp., Jan. 1966.

"Hydraulic Efficiency in Ciilvert Design,"

Fred W. Blaisdell, ASCE, Jour. Highway Div.,

Vol. 92, Wo. HWl, pp. 11-22, Mar. I966.

Closing discussion. Vol. 93, Wo. HW2, pp. 192-

19k, Wov. 1967.

"Flow in Culverts and Related Design Philosophies," Fred W. Blaisdell, ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Vol. 92, No. HY2, pp. 19-31, Mar. 1966. Closing discussion, Vol. 9k, Wo.

HY2, pp. 531-5^+0, Mar. I968.

(1168) A STUDY OF CAWTIIEVERED OUTLETS.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept.

Agric. in cooperation with Minnesota Agric.

Expmt. Sta. and St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic

Lab.

(d) Experimental; generalized applied research

for design.

(e) Pipe outlet conduits for small spillways are frequently cantilevered beyond the toe of the

earth dam. Attempts are being made to determine quantitatively the size of the scour hole to be expected under various field

conditions.

Rectangular cantilever outlets with a deflector at the exit to throw the water away from

the structure and move the scour hole further

downstream are also scheduled for investigation.

{21hk) EXPERIMENTAL AND AmLYTICAL STUDIES OF HYDROFOILS

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research.

(e) Investigation of the unsteady flow characteristics of ventilated hydrofoils of finite

span in the vicinity of a free surface.

(f) Completed.

(g) Unsteady force measurements were made on a ventilated foil undergoing sinusoidal heaving

motions near a free surface, and also on a restrained foil with an oscillatory trailing

edge flap.

(h) "Unsteady Force and Cavity Characteristics

for Ventilated Hydrofoils," J.M. Wetzel and

K.E. Foerster, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic

Lab. Project Kept. No. 85, June 196?.

(2386) GENERALIZED DESIGN OF TRANSITIONS FOR SUPERCRITICAL VELOCITIES.

(b) Agriciiltural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agric; in cooperation with the Minnesota

Agric. Expmt. Sta. and the St. Anthony Falls

Hydrauli c Lab

.

(d) Experimental; generalized applied research

for development and design.

(e) Studies will be made to develop a transition

and to determine the rules for its design.

The transition will be used to change the

flow cross section from circular to rectan- gular when the velocities are supercritical.

(g) When the flow cross section is changed

abruptly from a circular pipe to a rectan- gular open channel the rectangular channel

width must be 1.0 D, where D is the pipe

diameter, to prevent excessively high waves and disturbances in the rectangular channel.

To provide space for the pipe to expand, an

expansion section wider than the outside

diameter of the pipe and not longer than

0.5 D can be used between the pipe and the

rectangular channel. The channel floor can

be lowered below the pipe invert to accommodate pipe expansion and permit drainage of

the expansion section. Although there is a diamond- shaped wave pattern with waves of

significant height in the 1.0 D-wide channel,

the transition performance is generally

satisfactory at all discharges between

Q/d5/2 = ij. and 20.

(3153) FLOW ABOUT BODIES AT SMALL CAVITATION NUMBERS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research.

(e) A flat plate and a cambered hydrofoil were tested in free-jet tunnel under supercavitating

conditions. The unsteady flow due to the

oscillation of a trailing flap as influenced

by one or two free surfaces was studied.

(f) Completed.

(h) "A Note on the Effect of a Slot on Force

Characteristics of Supercavitating Flat

Plates," C.S. Song, r:-. Anthony Falls Hydraulic

Lab. Tech. Paper No. ^'8, Series A, June I966.

(3502) MANGLA SPILLWAY STUDIES.

(b) Harza Engineering Co., Chicago,; Eiunie and

Partners, London; Govt, of Pakistan.

(d) Experimental; design and operation.

(e) A 1:300 scale section model consisting of half

the control structure and basin and a 1:150

scale comprehensive model for study of all

important hydraulic features, A l:2l6 scale

section model consisting of two control

structure gates for study of pressures and

gate calibration. A 1:300 scale comprehensive

approach model for study of flow conditions

in approach. Two 1:150 scale section models,

one a detailed study of pressiures and forces

on baffle blocks, one a detailed study of waves on the basin side walls. Typical

dimensions of earth fill dam spillway include

a drop in water level of 330 ft. and a design

107
discharge of 900,000 cfs through a two-stage

stilling basin energy dissipator.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Hydraulic Studies of the Spillway for the

Mangla Dam - A Project of the West Pakistan

Water and Power Development Authority, " Alvin

G. Anderson and Warren Q. Dahlin, St. Anthony

Falls Hydraulic Lab. Project Rept. No. Ih,

Feb. 1968. (Not available for distribution).

(3824) SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR ENTRAINED FLOW

IN STEEP CHANNELS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Analytical and experimental investigation of

the air concentration, velocity distribution,

and surface roughness of water flow in steep

open channels, Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Experimental investigation was carried out on the SAF high velocity channel for slopes up to

53 degrees. Velocities were measured by means

of a pitot tube and high speed photography.

Air concentration was measured by the SAF

concentration meter. The surface elevation

was measured by a device which measures the

average time the surface is above a given

elevation.

(f) Experimental work completed.

(h) "Surface Characteristics of Self Aerated Flow

in Steep Channels," J.M. Killen (in preparation) .

(4201) GURI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT MODEL STUDIES,

(b) Harza Engineering Co., Chicago; Corp.

(d)

(e)

if)

(h)

Harza Engineering Co., Chicago;

Venezolano de Guayana.

Experimental, design and operation.

Study for the design of the Gucl Hydroelectric

development on the Caroni River, Venezuela

using a 1:39''- comprehensive spillway model,

1:197 spillway section model, and a 1:197 com- prehensive model. Studies include spillway

design, channel closure, and cofferdam studies.

Completed

.

"Hydraulic Model Studies for the Guri Hydroelectric Project - Report on the Second Stage

Diversion and Flow Characteristics of the

Spillway," Alvin G. Anderson and Arthur L. Charbonneau, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.

Project Rept. No. 79, Feb. 1966. (Not available for distribution)

.

(14.209) THE INFLUENCE OF EIECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA ON THE HYDRAULIC AND ELECTROOSMOTIC PERMEABILITY

OF UNIFORM VERY FINE SANDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Accurately sized, narrow range, angular

quartz particles and spherical glass beads were tightly placed in a permeameter with

reversible silver-silver chloride electrodes

at the ends of the test section. Streaming

potential, streaming current, electrical

resistivity of low conductivity liquid, and

filter velocity were precisely measured.

Studies include: (l) Flow retardation from

return electroosmosis; (2) analysis of

electroosmotic permeability factors with

respect to particle characteristics and

hydraulic permeability, and (3) comparisons

of streaming current and filter velocity at varying Reynolds numbers.

(g) It has been found that the streaming cxirrentpotentlal varies linearly with hydraulic

gradient to a slightly higher Reynolds

number than the filter velocity. Lack of

complete deaeratlon causes a larger reduction

in the filter velocity than the streaming.

When "boiling" action takes place anomalous

relations between the filter velocity and

streaming current occur,

(h) Thesis in preparation.

(kfOO) OSCILLATORY LIFT AND DRAG FORCES ON VENTILATED

HYDROFOILS IN REGULAR WAVES.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Investigation of the force characteristics of

a restrained, naturally ventilated hydrofoil

moving through regular waves

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Flow visualization studies were conducted to determine the regions of boundary layer

separation on hydrofoils with a sharp leading

edge near the free surface. The length of the

separation bubble was found to vary with

velocity, angle of attack, and aspect ratio.

Variation of the leading-edge thickness on wedge profiles had little influence on the

separation bubble.

(h) "Measurement of the Leading-Edge Separation,"

J.M. Wetzel and K.M. Foerster, St. Anthony

Falls Hydraulic Lab. Project Rept. No. 83,

June 1966.

(514.914.) THERMAL POLLUTION STUDIES OF ST. CROIX RIVER.

(b) Northern States Power Co.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) In a first phase of the project, thermal

density currents created by the discharge of

heated condenser water from a steam power

plant into a broad, deep river were studied

in a model and isotherm surfaces vere

calculated. In a second phase of the study

the outlet channel between the plant and river

was modelled with a view to discharging the warm water in as thin a layer as possible at

the river surface.

(f) Completed.

(g) The initial study showed that it would be

possible to discharge the warm water as a relatively thin layer on the river surface

thereby obtaining maximum heat dissipation

to the atmosphere. Probable temperature

limits on the water were determined. Structures designed for accomplishing the above

purpose were checked and improved in the

second phase.

(h) "Model Studies of the Cooling Water Outlet

Channel from the Allen S. King Generating

Plant to Lake St. Croix," Edward Silberman

and Warren Q. Dahlin, St. Anthony Falls

Hydraulic Lab. Pro j . Rept. No. 86, July 1966.

(Not available for distribution).

(3^96) STRUCTURE OF TURBULENCE OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The experiments consisted of the measurement

of Taylor vortices in a non-Newtonian fluid

placed between two concentric cj'linders when

the inner cylinder was rotating.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Experimental Investigation of Taylor Insta- bility Using Non-Newtonian Fluids," C-S. Song

and F.Y. Tsai , St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic

Lab. Proj. Rept. No. 81+ , June 1966. (Not

available for distribution).

(51+97) A STUDY OF FLOW NOISE IN A NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center,

(d) Experimental.

108
(e) An experimental investigation of the influence

of a non-Newtonian additive on the flow noise

in the boundary layer of a rotating cylinder

is proposed.

(f) Completed.

(g) The effect of dilute solution of drag reducing

polymers on radiated flow noise from the

boundary layer of a rotating cylinder was

studied. Significant reduction in noise level

was observed at high frequencies.

(h) "The Effect of Dilute Solutions of Drag

Reducing Polymers on Radiated Flow Koise,"

J. M. Killen and S.D. Crist, St. Anthony

Falls Hydraulic Lab. Project Report

No. 90, July 1967. (Wot available for

distribution)

.

(3k98) A STUDY OF SURFACE SEALANTS TO REDUCE

CAVITATION DAMAGE.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) A determination of materials or techniques

which will serve to seal cavitating surfaces

to either reduce the amount of cavitation of

the damage resulting therefrom.

(f) Completed.

(g) Gaseo\is evolution observed from metallic sur- faces but various sealants were unable to withstand erosion under standard ASME vibra-.

tory cavitation exposure.

(h) "Non-Newtonian Pipe Friction Studies with

Various Dilute Polymer Water Solutions," John

F. Ripken and Meir Pilch, St. Anthony Falls

Hydraxilic Lab. Project Rept. No. 71, June 1964.

(Not available for distribution).

(51+99) INFLUENCE OF MICRO BUBBLES ON FLOW NOISE.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(d) Experimental.

(e) An experimental investigation of the flow

noise intensity and spectra in the boundary

layer of a rotating cylinder with the addition of free gas bubbles is contemplated.

(f) Completed.

(g) Intensity spectra of radiated flow noise from

the boundary layer of a rotating cylinder were

measured. Dissolved gas in the surrounding

liquid was controlled so that a variable rate

of release of microbubbles occurred in the

boundary layers. Little effect on radiated

flow noise could be observed.

(h) "A Study of the Influence of Microbubbles on Hydrodynamic Flow Noise," John M. Killen and

Scott D. Crist, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic

Lab. Project Rept. No. 82, April I966. (Not

available for distribution).

(5500) HYDRODYNAMIC FLUTTER OF SUPERCAVITATING HYDROFOILS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center,

Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental, basic research.

(e) Flat-plate hydrofoils are tested in a freejet water tunnel at supercavitating con- ditions to determine the critical velocity

as a function of the mass density ratio and

other variables. The main purpose is to check the existing theories.

(g) Critical speeds for the two-degree of freedom

flutter of a two-dimensional flat plate were measured. The critical flutter speed was found to be very sensitive to the location of

the separation point. It was also revealed

ttet the cavity may be pinched off when the

amplitude of flutter is sufficiently large.

(h) "An Experimental Study of the Hydroelastic

Instability of Supercavltating Hydrofoils,"

C . S . Song and John Almo , St . Anthony Falls

Hydraulic Lab. Project Rept. Wo. 89, Feb.

1967.

(5501) AW ELECTROMAGWETIC VELOCITY PROEE.

(b) A laboratory thesis study.

(d) Experimental; M.S. thesis.

(e) The study involves the construction, calibration and demonstration of an electromagnetic velocity probe designed for use in

the measurement of the avial component of the

turbulent velocity in water flow. The magnetic field is provided by permanent magnets

placed outside the flow system, which is a

3/^ in. ID lucite pipe. The probes are con- structed of .010 in. platinum wire with an

electrode gap of .050 in. A total head tube

is used in conjunction with the electromagnetic

probe in order to obtain mean velocities.

(f) Completed.

(h) "The Construction, Calibration, and Demonstration of an Electromagnetic Velocity Probe,"

Arthur L. Charbonneau, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of

Minnesota, May I966. (Available on Inter- Library Loan from Univ. of Minn. Library).

(5792) EFFECT OF GAS NUCLEI OW CAVITATION.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center

Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) Development and use of new Instrumentation for

correlating the gas nuclei size distribution

to the severity of transient cavitation near inception on a test body in a water tunnel.

(g) Definite effects are being found relative to

gas nuclei and cavitation severity using the new instrumentation and techniques.

(h) "The Influence of the Gas Nuclei Size Distribution on Transient Cavitation Wear In- ception, " Frank R. Schlebe, St. Anthony Falls

Hydraulic Lab. Memo. No. M-110, April I967

(Wot available for distribution).

"Cavitation Occurrence Counting - A New Technique in Inception Research," Frank R. Schlebe,

A.S.M.E. Cavitation Forum, Wov. 30, I966.

(5793) TANK FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC CURREWT METER CALIBRAtlon.

(b) U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office.

(d) Experimental; development.

(e) Following completion of the feasibility study, a full-scale facility was constructed and

calibrated.

(f) Completed.

(g) The facility consisted of a large semi -portable

tank divided into three compartments -- a head section, a test section, and a receiving

section. The nozzle between the head section

and test section produced a jet 15 in. in

diameter at the nozzle and 30 in. long with

speeds between 0.01 and 5-0 knots. Speed

control was obtained by three pumps, one with

three operating speeds, used in various com- binations, together with control and by-pass

valves. Calibration consisted of measuring

the mean velocity profiles and turbulence in

the jet at several speeds throughout the range.

By judicious use of screens in the head tank,

the jet was made symmetrical with maximum

deviation within an 11 in. dia. circle at

15 in. from the nozzle exit of the order of

± 2 percent from the average velocity for

velocities of O.5 to 5-0 knots. At lover

10;
velocities, the deviation increased to some- what more than ± 10 percent at 0.01 knots.

Repeatability of the velocity measurements at any point in the cross-section was within the

same percentages but repeatability of average

velocity across the cross-section was much

better.

(h) "Description and Operating Instructions for a Calibration Tank", E. Silberman, St. Anthony

Falls Hydraulic Lab. Memo. No. M-111, July

1967. (Not available for distribution).

(579't-) JET FLAP STUDIES.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr. and

Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental basic research.

(e) The utility of a trai ling-edge jet flap to increase the lift coefficient of a ventilated

hydrofoil of finite span in the vicinity of a

free surface was investigated for non-zero

cavitation numbers.

(f) Completed.

(g) The increment of lift associated with the Jet flap was primarily dependent on the jet

momentum coefficient and the flap angle.

Measured lift increments were considerably

less than those calculated from linearized

theory for two-dimensional foils at zero cavitation number in an infinite fluid.

Thrust recovery was always greater than the

horizontal component of the jet reaction, and

was also dependent on the jet momentum co- efficient and the flap angle.

(h) "Further Experiments on a Jet Flap Hydrofoil

in Ventilated Flow," J.M. Wetzel and K.E. Foerster, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.,

Proj. Rept. No. 92, Dec. I967. (Not available

for distribution)

.

(5795) NON-NEWTONIAJSI BOUNDARY LAYER.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr. and

Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental and analytical; Ph.D. thesis

study

.

(e) Study of boundary layer structure of laminar,

transition and turbulent flows with homogeneous non-Newtonian fluids and Newtonian

fluids with injected non-Newtonian additives.

(g) Calibration tests of impact tubes in dilute

polymer flows have indicated an effect of

polymer concentration, type of polymer, and

tube size. Polyox WSR 30 ""as found to require

a larger correction than guar gum. Slot injection of concentrated solutions of Polyox

and guar gvm into the boundary layer of water

indicated that Polyox tended to diffuse less

rapidly than guar gum. Changes in the

boundary layer profile due to the injected

polymer have also been noted.

(5796) IMPACT CAVITATION DAMAGE-II.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr. and

Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental and analytical applied research.

(e) Utilization of facility previously described

under (5'+95) to clarify fundamental mechanics

of failure of solids by erosive impact of

liquid drops.

(5798) FLOW CONDITIONS IN SOILS AND FILTERS.

(b.) National Institutes of Health.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(e) A study of the flow of water through unsat- urated porous media is being conducted. The

variation of the seepage coefficient, K, with

the characteristics of the porous media and

the degree of saturation is being investigated.

Knowledge of the variation in the seepage

coefficient with porous media characteristics

and degree of saturation will aid in the determination of the pressure gradient as a function of velocity and saturation necessary to maintain a given flow rate through filters,

natural soil and capillary .flow from groundwater tables to the surface.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Unsatiorated Flow through Porous Media - Experimental Investigation." J.W. Hayden and

R.R. Wrucke," St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic

Lab. Tech. Paper No. 25, Series A, Nov. I966.

(5799) REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION AND RUN- OFF DATA FOR SELECTED WATERSHEDS IN MINNESOTA.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research, U.S. Dept.

of Interior.

(d) Analytical; basic research.

(e) Project involves an analysis of precipitation,

infiltration and runoff from selected watersheds in Minnesota. The objective of the

study is the procurement of information on peak rates of runoff and infiltration rates

for selected storms in watersheds. Also of

interest is the correlation of basin-wide

loss rates with various parameters characteristic of the basins.

(g) A series of rainstorm floods have been analyzed

for each of the six watersheds selected. An

optimization program developed by the Corps

of Engineers was used to analyze the storm- rxmoff data and optimize 9 variables associated with the runoff process.

(5800) A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EROSION

AND SOIL PROPERTIES FOR COHESIVE SOIL.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) The soil properties and the erosion characteristics of a series of cohesive soil samples are being obtained. A relationship between

the erosion characteristics and the soil

properties is being obtained.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Properties of Cohesive Soils Related to Erosion," J.W. Hayden, St. Anthony Falls

Hydraulic Lab. Proj. Rept. No. 88, Jan. I967.

(Not available for distribution).

(5801) MINNESOTA FLOOD STUDY.

(b) Division of Waters, Dept. of Conservation,

State of Minnesota.

(d) Applied research - field investigation.

(e) Project involved motion picture records of

the April 1965 flood on the Minnesota River

plus the computation of data on discharges,

water content of snow and rainfall during

the critical runoff period.

(f) Completed.

(g) Of primary interest is the procurement of

photographic records of the flood.

(h) "Flood: The Minnesota River, April I965,"

C.E. Bowers, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.

Film Ho. 77.

(5801^) STUDY OF FLOW TUBES.

(b) Automatic Control Company, St. Paul, Minn.

(d) Experimental development.

(e) Selective development of a new form of compact

differential pressure meter for pipe line

flows. Characteristics were evaluated for a range of sizes.

110
(f) Completed.

(5805) GRIT DISTRIBUTION IN GRIT REMOVAL OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT.

(b) Toltz, King, Duvall, Anderson and Associates,

Consulting Engineers; and Minneapolis-St.

Paul Sanitary District.

(d) Experimental model study, applied research.

(e) The 1 to 12 scale model study was directed

at determining causes of uneven distribution

of grit among several presently operating

removal channels. It was also used to assist

in planning future grit channels and in improving operation of the present channels.

(f) Completed.

(h) "A Model Study of the Grit Chamber at the

Minneapolis-St. Paul Sanitary District Plant,"

E. Silberman and A.S. Paintal, St. Anthony

Falls Hydraulic Lab. ProJ . Rept. No, 87, Jan. 1967. (Not available for distribution).

(6735) SURFACE PRESSURE FLUCTUATION IN DILUTE SOLUTION

OF DRAG REDUCING POLYMERS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental.

(e) Measurements were made of the surface pressure

fluctuation under the boundary layer developed

on a rotating cylinder as influenced by

various concentrations and types of drag re- ducting polymers.

(g) Spectrum measxarements were made of the pressure fluctuations under the boundary layer of

a rotating cylinder with concentration up to

500 ppmw of Polyox 301 > guar gum and separan.

Simultaneous measurements were made of drag.

Data correlated well on the basis of measured

drag.

(6736) STUDY OF CAVITY SEPARATION OF REAL FLUID.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Analytical.

(e) Numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes

eq^uations with appropriate mixed boundary

conditions for separated flows due to cavitation are being studies.

(6737) SUB-CRITICAL TAYLOR VORTEX.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental; M.S. thesis study.

(e) Instability of Couette flows is being studied

experimentally using Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids

.

(g) Spiral vortices were observed when the inner

cylinder was rotated at subcritical speeds

while the outer cylinder was kept stationary.

It appears that the subcritical vortices are related to the initial velocity and/or density

perturbation.

(h) "Experimental Study of Taylor Instability Using

Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids , " Kenneth

Keh-Ya Chen, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Minnesota,

June 1967. (Available on Inter-Li brary loan

from the Univ. of Minn. Library).

(6738) FRICTION REDUCTION STUDIES FOR BOUNDARY LAYERS

ON A ROTATING DISK.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental basic research; M.S. thesis.

(e) Evaluation of principal differences in boundary

layer developed on a disk rotating in water

and in dilute water solutions of selected

polymers

.

(6739) CAVITATION DAMAGE REDUCTION BY FORCED SURFACE

OUTUASSING.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) An attempt to determine if pre-pitting of a metal specimen subjected to vibratory

cavitation would lead to reduction of damage

by outgassing from the pits. Test and

observations confirmed the objectives.

(f) Tests completed; report being prepared.

(67'+0) LEADING EDGE SEPARATION STUDIES.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center,

Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Experimental basic research.

(e) Measurement of the average and fluctuating

values of lift, drag and moment for wedge

like bodies as a function of separation point

and other flow parameters.

(6741) DESIGN OF EROSION RESISTANT CHANNELS.

(b) National Cooperative Highway Research Program,

Highway Research Board.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) To develop design procedures for armoring

drainage channels with riprap to prevent

boundary erosion. Studies are being made on the leaching process and critical tractive

force for mixtures.

(g) A tentative design procedure has been developed and is being further studied.

(67'^2) STRATIFIED FLOW STUDIES.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin., Dept.

of the Interior.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Detennination of three-dimensional spreading

patterns and mixing of warm water discharged

from a channel near the surface of a colder

and stagnant lake; testing of various

essentially different outlets.

(67*^3) DEVELOPMENT STUDY OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF CONCENTRATION OF SUSPENDED

SEDIMENT

.

(b) Committee on Sedimentation, Water Reso\irces

Council, Dept. of the Interior.

(d) Experimental.

(e) A feasibility study of an instrument for the

measurement of concentration of suspended

sediment throxjgh its influence on the

electrical impedance of the suspending liqiiid.

(g) Preliminary results show measurement can be

made up to 6OOO parts per million by volume

over a temperature range of kO to 90 degrees

F and a salinity of 1-10 gram per 1000 grams

of solute.

(67'*-'+) FREE STREAMLINE FLOW OVER DISCONTINUITIES IN A BOUNDARY LAYER.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; doctoral thesis

(e) The purpose of the research is to understand

the mechanism of cavity formation at an obstruction in a boundary layer subjected to low pressures. Calculations have been made

to describe the boundary cavity formed by

various kinds of discontinuities that are often found in hydraulic structures. Experiments are being made to measure the cavity

properties

.

(6714-5) GATED CONTROL STRUCTURE - MODEL STUDY.

(b) Harza Engineering Co., Chicago; Metropolitan

Water District of Southern Calif. , Los Angeles

(d) Experimental design and operation.

(e) Model studies of the flow through gate

111
structures, calibration of gates systems to establish head difference - gate opening

curves, and air entrainment release and gate

vibrations

.

(h) "Model Studies - Foothill Feeder Project,

Part I: Regular Gate Structure," Alvin G. Anderson, David J. Anderson and Roy M. Kuha,

St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab. Proj. Rept.

No. 91, Feb. I967. (Not available for

distribution)

.

(671*6) DISPERSION OF CHLORINE SOLUTION IN TURBULENT

PIPE FLOW.

(b) Harza Engineering Co., Chicago; Metropolitan

Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles

.

(d) Experimental.

(e) Chlorine concentration profiles are being

measured downstream from the point of injection of a concentrated chlorine solution.

Injection is normal to the flow at various

distances from the pipe wall. A series of

tests are being conducted using one, two and

multiple injectors to study the relationship

between number of injectors used and the

"mixing length" required to reach a given

degree of concentration uniformly across the

pipe.

(671*7) MODEL STUDY OF DROP SHAFT FOR DEEP TUNNEL

DRAINAGE

.

(b) Harza Engineering Co., Chicago; City of

Chicago, 111.

(d) Experimental design.

(e) Experimental design studies of the operation

of various drop shaft designs with variations

in discharge and tailwater levels. Entrainment of air and impact forces are being measured.

(67lt-8) BREAKWATER FOR PROTECTION OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAY NO. 35 ALONG LAKE SUPERIOR.

(b) Howard, Needles, Tammen and Bergendoff;

Minnesota Dept. of Highways; Bureau of

Public Roads, U.S. Dept. of Transportation.

(d) Experimental.

(e) A section of Interstate Highway No. 35 near

Duluth, Minnesota will be subject to possible

damage from waves up to I6 feet high. The

objective of the study was to evaluate proposed designs of protective structures which

would produce a minimum of spray as well as protect the highway from direct physical

damage.

(g) A total of five proposed designs were tested.

Two of these were recommended for consideration for a final design. The design producing the minimum spray was of crib-type

construction.

(h) "Coastal Engineering Model Study of Interstate

Highway 35 at Duluth Minnesota," C. Edward

Bowers and Larry Muller. (Not available for

distribution)

.

"Coastal Engineering Model Study of Interstate Highway 35 at Duluth, Minnesota," St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab. Film No. 78.

(67l*-9) PREPARATION OF COMPUTER PROGRAM SIMULATING

MAIN INTERCEPTOR SYSTEM FOR MINNEAPOLIS - ST. PAUL SANITARY DISTRICT.

(b) Minneapolis - St. Paul Sanitary District.

(d) Analytical.

(e) Objective of the study is the development of a digital computer model of the main interceptor

system to assist in predicting the magnitude

and distribution of storm runoff. This should

assist in the optimum control of trunk sewers which sometimes by-pass to the river, thereby

reducing pollution in the river.

(6750) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIR ENTRAINED DUE TO THE IMPACT OF A FLUID FREE JET INTO A POOL OF

SIMILAR FLUID.

(b) Laboratory thesis study.

(d) Experimental applied research; M.S. thesis.

(e) The study involves the use of photographic

and electronic means to determine the shape

and consistency (percent air) of the air

entrainment region. Certain dimensionless

parameters will be varied in an attempt to relate the air entrained in a hydraulic model

to the air which will be entrained in the

prototype installation. Velocity profiles,

particularly at high jet Reynold's number,

will be examined.

(6751) MODEL STUDY OF SUBMERGED OPEN CHANNEL

CONSTRICTIONS.

(b) A laboratory thesis study.

(d) Experimental research; M.S. thesis.

(e) This study will try to analyze the relationship between the upstream depth and the

constriction depth for an open channel

constriction, depending on the degree to which the constriction has been overtopped by

the flow. A sediment bed and a recirculating

flume will be used.

INTER-AGENCY SEDIMENTATION PROJECT IN COOPERATION

WITH ST. ANTHONY FALLS HYDRAULIC LABORATORY.

{l9h) A STUDY OF METHODS USED IN MEASUREMENT AND

ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT LOADS IN STREAMS.

(b) Committee on Sedimentation, Water Resources

Council; personnel of the U.S. Anny Corps

of Engrs. and the U.S. Geological Survey are actively engaged on the project.

(c) Engineer in charge, Mr. John V. Skinner, Fed.

Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.

(d) Experimental; applied research and development.

(e) Drawings and specifications are available to facilitate the manufacture of suspended- sediment

and bed-material samplers, particle-size

analyzers, and associated laboratory equipment.

Approved designs for the measurement of sus- pended sediment include a single stage sampler,

1+-, 22-, and 62-pound depth-integrating * samplers, electrically operated point-integrating suspended samplers weighing 100- , 200-

,

and 300-pounds, and an intermittent pumping

type sampler. Samplers for the measurement of

bed material include a piston-type hand-operated sampler, 30-pound hand-line sampler, and

a 100-pound sampler for cable suspension.

Additional items are a sediment samplersplitter, a bottom-withdrawal sedimentation

tube for size analysis, and visual-accumulation

sedimentation tubes with recording equipment

for particle size analyses of sands. The

primary objective of the current program is the,_ development of an instrument to automatically

record suspended-sediment concentrations in

flowing streams

.

(g) Testing has continued on the intermittent

pumping-type samplers, turbidimeters, filtering

devices, electrical and nuclear sensing devices.

Results of field tests on bottling-type pumping samplers continue favorable. Preliminary

laboratory tests have been started on a compact

112

i

1
portable pumping sampler unit mounted on two wheels with a i(-8-plnt-size sample bottle

storage rack. Tests on the adaptability of

the electrical impedance device indicates that

the method is a reasonably reliable means for

rapidly determining the concentration of sus- pended-sediments in a stream. Field tests on

the radiological sedimentation gauges have

produced favorable relationships with some manually procured flood water samples from

small streams

.

Combination electrical circuits compatible

with both suspended- sediment sampling and

stream gaging were designed.

A Fisher -Porter water level recorder was modified to include an event marker device which

could record on the paper tape the time each

pumped sample was taken when used in conjunction with a pumping type sampler. Circuitry

available for use with a pumping sampler

could also initiate a pijmping cycle by a signal from the Fisher-Porter recording unit.

Modifications to the 100-pound electrically

operated US P-6l suspended- sediment sampler were incorporated to provide for the use of

either the quart-size glass pickle jar or the

round pint-size milk bottle as the sample

container

.

(h) "Laboratory Investigation of Pumping-Sampler

Intakes," Report T, Progress Rept. 59-PP,

April 1966, price 75 cents per copy. Catalog- "Instruments and Reports for Fluvial

Sediment Investigations, Federal Inter-Agency

Sedimentation Project," 67 pages, Revision

Oct. 1966, price $1.00 per copy. For sale by

the District Engr., St. Paul District, Corps

of Engrs., 1217 U.S. Post Office and Custom

House, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101.

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEAHOGRAPHY, UNIVERSITY OF

CALIFORNIA, San Diego , La Jolla, Calif. 92037

(i^500) A STUDY OF INTERNAL WAVES IN THE OCEAN.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Charles S. Cox, Scripps Inst, of Oceanography.

(d) The project is theoretical, including field

investigation and is basic research.

(g) Internal tides observed off California have

energy comparable to surface.

(h) "Energy in Semi-diurnal Internal Waves," C.S.

Cox, Proc. lAPO Symposium on Math. Hydr.

(in press)

.

(5926) TIDE PREDICTION.

(b) U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.

(c) Dr. Walter H. Munk, Assoc. Director, Inst,

of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Univ.

of Calif., San Diego.

(d) Theoretical.

(e) Application of modern time series methods to prediction of tides.

(g) For stations with relatively small shallow

water tides the method gives better predictions with fewer station constants.

(h) "Tidal Spectroscopy and Prediction," W.H. Munk and D. Cartwright, Phil. Trans. Roy.

Soc, 1965.

(5927) DEEP SEA TIDES.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Dr. Walter Munk and Frank Snodgrass, Inst, of

Geophys. and Planetary Physics, Univ. of Calif.,

San Diego.

(d) Field investigation.

(e) A self recording instrument package is dropped

freely to the sea bottom and records, in situ , pressure, temperature and currents to a high

degree of precision. The instrument is

acoustically recalled from a surface vessel,

typically after one month.

(g) A one-month record at 2,000 feet with three

instruments separated by 1,000 feet horizontally gave clear indications of breaking

internal surges.

(h) "A Deep Sea Tide Program," W.H. Munk and

B.D. Zetler, Science (in press).

(6289) STUDY OF FINE SCALE OF TEMPERATURE IN THE SEA.

(b) Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

(c) Dr. Charles S. Cox.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Measurements of the spatial distribution of

temperature gradient are made from a freely

falling instrument. They are related to the rate of entropy increase in the water, the

heat flow through the water, the turbulent

energy dissipation, and the existence of

sharp temperature interfaces and interfacial

waves

.

(g) The temperature structure off California is

found to consist of nearly isothermal layers

separated by sharp interfaces, the isothermal layers are in turbulent motion.

SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY. Dept.

of Civil Engrg. , Rapid City, South Dakota 57701

{6kOl) DERIVATION OF BASIC HYDRAULIC FORMULAE PURELY

BY DIMENSIONAL MATRIX ANALYSIS,

(b) Personal research of (c).

(c) Prof. Shu-t'ien Li, S. Dak. Sch. of Mines and

Technology.

(d) iheoretical; basic research.

(e) To demonstrate the complete feasibility of

deriving dimensionally consistent hydraulic

formulae from their parameters purely by

dimensional matrix analysis.

(g) Rational results have been achieved.

{6k02) HYDRAULIC DICTIONARY.

(b) Personal research of (c).

(c) Prof. Shu-t'ien Li; see (6Wl) above.

(d) Compilation; authentication; defining all

hydraulic terms in the English language.

(e) To provide a complete hydraulic dictionary, more complete than "Water Resources Thesaurus";

and unlike the "thesaurus," each term will be

completely defined.

(g) Plans have been formulated.

(Oi^-lW) INVESTIGATION OF THE WATER RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS USED FOR CONTRUCTION OF

WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS.

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, 8.0292, Vol. 2. (c) Asst. Prof. Floyd L. Matthew.

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, Dept. of Mechanical

Engrg . , University Park, Los Angeles, Calif., 90007

(6796) EFFECT OF HIGH POLYMER ADDITIVES ON DIFFUSER

SEPARATION FLOW NOISE.

113
(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Raymond C. Binder and B.M. Ishino, Dept.

of Mech. Engrg., Univ. of Southern Calif.

(d) Experimental research for Ph.D. in Mech.

Engr. dissertation.

(e) Bench-type apparatus was used to determine the

effect of high polymer additives in water on liquid-flow noise. A variable -angle , two- dimensional diffuser test section was used

with a low velocity blow-down water tunnel.

f) Completed.

g) Significant reduction in flow noise was found

for small concentrations of specific polymers

in the region of marginal separation. For the

regime of no separation and definite separation

no appreciable reduction in flow noise was noted

.

(h) Thesis; publication pending.

(6797) AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CRITICAL

SUBMERGENCE FOR VORTEXING IN A VERTICAL

CYLINDRICAL TANK.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. E. Kent Springer and F.M. Patterson,

Dept. of Mech. Engrg., Univ. of Southern

Calif.

(d) Experimental research for Engr. in Mech.

Engr. thesis.

(e) Determination of critical submergence for a vertical cylindrical tank with center outlet

operating under several flow rates , Data are necessary in process plant design to prevent

air or vapor entrainment from a float controlled tank.

(f) First phase completed. Additional work to be

accomplished.

(g) Simple draining requires higher submergence

than steady- state recirculation at the same net flow rate. The angle of incidence of the

inlet flow has a measurable effect on the

critical submergence.

(h) Thesis.

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, Foundation for

Cross-Connection Control Research, School of Engrg. , University Park, Los Angeles, Calif. 90007

(i4-9) FOUNDATION FOR CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL

RESEARCH.

(b) Laboratory project; and Southern California

Water Utilities Assoc., Inc.

(c) Prof. E. Kent Springer, Director, Foundation

for Cross-Connection Control Research, Univ.

Southern Calif.

(d) Experimental and field investigation; basic

and applied research; sponsored and thesis

(MS, Engr. , and Ph.D.)

(e) Sponsored - evaluation of various back- flow

prevention devices under both laboratory and

field conditions. Laboratory - a new hydraulic

research laboratory has been established with

capabilities of up to I1-5OO gpm at 3OO ft head.

The new facility includes parallel circuits and

flow meter calibration capabilities for all

sizes up through I6 inches.

(g) Cross-connection control - Standarized laboratory and field test procedures as well as minimum design and operating specifications

have been established.

(h) "Manual of Cross-Connection Control Recommended

Practice," - available through USC BookStore.

"Cross Talk" - a quarterly publication of news and new development pertaining to cross- connection control.

SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Dept. of Mechanical

Sciences, O'yOO Culebra Rd., San Antonio, Texas 7»206

(4927) LI^^UID DYNAMC BEHAVIOR IN TANKS UNDER

DYNAMIC OSCILLATION.

(b) Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Marshall

Space Flight Ctr.

(c) Dr. D.D. Kana, Senior Research Engr.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied re- search.

(e) Studies of nonlinear liquid motions in rigid

and elastic tanks undergoing axial oscillations.

(h) Several SwRI technical reports and three

papers in scientific journals.

(5267) MONOGRAPH ON LIQUID DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR IN ROCKET PROPELLANT TANKS.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. H.N. Abramson, Director, Dept. of

Mechanical Sciences, Southwest Research Inst.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Preparation of a monograph on stated subject.

(f) Completed.

(h) "The Dynamic Behavior of Liquids in Moving

Containers," edited by H. Norman Abramson,

Natl. Aero, and Space Admin., SP-IO6,

Washington, D. C, 1966.

(5663) MONOGRAPH ON HYDROEIASTIC PROBLEMS OF HYDROFOIL CRAFT.

(b) Naval Ship Systems Comm. (Naval Ship Res. and

Dev. Ctr. technical supervision). Dept. of

the Navy.

(c) Dr. H.N. Abramson; see (5267) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Preparation of monograph on stated subject.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Hydroelastlcity (With Special Reference to Hydrofoil Craft)" by H. Norman Abramson,

Wen-Hwa Chu, and Jack T. Irick, U.S. Naval

Ship Research and Development Ctr., Govt.

Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (in press).

(6063) STUDIES OF LIQUID PROPELLANTS IN LOW GRAVITY.

(b) Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Marshall

Space Flight Center.

(c) Dr. F.T. Dodge, Senior Research Engr.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research.

(e) Studies of forces on rocket fuel tanks caused

by liquid sloshing in simulated low gravity

environments

.

(h) Several SwRI technical reports and two papers

in scientific journals.

(606*4-) FLUTTER OF THIN PLATES IN NARROW CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Langley

Research Center, Langley Field.

(c) Dr. F.T. Dodge, Senior Research Engr.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Study of the self- induced vibrations (flutter)

of thin elastlcally supported plates in narrow channel viscous flow.

(6065) FLOW LOSSES AND VIBRATIONS IN ELASTIC TUBES

AND BELLOWS.

(b) Natl. Aeronautics and Space Adraln., Marshall

Space Flight Center.

(c) Dr. C.R. Gerlach, Senior Research Engr.
(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied

research.

(e) Studies of vibration induced in metal bellows

and the flow losses in such bellows and in

pipe bends.

(6066) HYDRODYNAMICS OF RIGID-BODY WATER IMPACT.

(b) U.S. Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Dr. C.R. Gerlach, Senior Research Engr.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research.

(e) Studies of real fluid effects in rigid-body

water impact, with emphasis on the trapped air

cushion; later considerations will emphasize

scale effects.

(h) One SwRI technical report.

STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE , Menlo Park, Calif. 9it025

(6122) TRANSIENT FREE SURFACE FLOW.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Dr. CM. Ablow, Stanford Research Inst.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) The theoretical analysis of two-dimensional,

transient, free-surface, irrotational flows

of a perfect incompressible fluid.

(f) Completed.

(g) The analysis has been reduced to a routine

determination of terms in series. The method

has been applied to find the switching speed

of a simple model of a hydraulic switch based

on the Coanda effect. Experiments with the

model showed that the low Reynolds n\miber

needed for stability makes perfect fluid

theory inapplicable.

(h) "Free Surface Transients Near a Point of

Attachment," CM. Ablow, Proc. Italian Math.

Soc . (in press)

.

(6123) EFFECT OF CROSS WIND ON RAPID TRANSIT TRAINS.

(b) Bay Area Rapid Transit District, San Francisco.

(c) Dr. Ernest G. Chilton and Mr. T. Dexter

Witherly, Stanford Research Inst.

(d) Experimental fluid mechanics.

(e) Wind tunnel tests of train model set at right

angles to air flow.

(f) Completed.

(g) Results are shown in parametric form and

indicate the trends to be expected if wind

velocity, car weight, rail gauge, speed aroimd

a curve, and several other factors are varied.

(h) "Rail Ga\:ige and Rapid Transit Stability," E.

G. Chilton, IEEE Trans ., System Sciences and

Cybernetics, Vol. SCC-Z, I966.

(6121+) INVESTIGATION OF ENTRAIHMENT SEPARATION.

(b) American Gas Association.

(c) K.T. Semrau, Stanford Research Inst.

(d) Experimental.

(e) Investigation of factors governing breakup of

liquid exposed to a gas stream.

(f) Completed.

(g) Established entrainment as a function of liquid

and gas rates for specific types of separating

elements

.

(h) Project NFX12 , Final Report, American Gas

Assoc., i+20 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Department of Ciyil Engrg. , Stanford, California 7^305

{l9hC) HYDROLOGIC SYNTHESIS (REVISED).

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Profs. Ray K. Llnsley and N.H. Crawford,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Stanford Univ.

(d) Theoretical and field research.

(e) A detailed digital computer model (Stanford

Watershed Model) is used to investigate

various interactions in the hydrologic cycle.

(g) Results of research have been published in

the following reports listed under (h).

(h) "Hydraulic Behavior of Small Drainage Basins " James R. Morgali, Tech. Rept. No. 30 Oct. 1563. "An Application of Stochastic Process Theory

to Rainfall Runoff Process," J.M. Eagley,

Tech. Rept. No. 35, ^fe,y 196k.

"The Synthesis of Continuous Snowmelt Rimoff

Hydrographs on a Digital Computer," Eric

Anderson, Tech. Rept. No. 36, June 196k.

"Digital Simulation in Hydrology: Stanford

Watershed Model IV," Norman H. Crawford and

Ray K. Linsley, Tech. Rept. No. 39, July

1966.

"Synthesis of Rainfall Data," A. Pattison,

Tech. Rept. No. kO, July 196k.

"A Two-Phase Approach to the Prediction of

Peak Rates and Frequencies of Runoff for

Small Ungaged Watersheds," CL. Larson, Tech.

Rept. No. 53, June I965.

(4219) SUPERCAVITATING HYDROFOIL THEORY.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center,

Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Profs. B. Perry and R.L. Street, Dept. of

Civil Engrg., Stanford Univ.

(d) Theoretical; basic research; Ph.D. theses

and post-doctoral research.

(e) Analyses are being made to develop a method

for computing the flow about a supercavitating three-dimensional lifting hydrofoil having arbitrary aspect ratio and

arbitrary angle of attack.

(g) Nonlinear solutions for two-dimensional and

axi symmetric cavitating flows have been

obtained.

(h) "Techniques for Solving Free-Streamline,

Cavity, Jet and Seepage Problems by Finite

Differences," R.W. Jeppson, Dept. of Civil

Engrg. Tech. Rept. No. 68, Sept. 1966.

"Cambered Bodies in Cavitating Flow — A

Nonlinear Analysis and Design Procedure,

R.L. Street and B.E. Larock, Dept. Civil

Engrg. Tech. Rept. No. 72, Dec. I966.

{h9l6) DISPERSION OF POLLUTANTS IN FLOW THROUGH

POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Profs. E.Y. Hsu and R.L. Street, Dept. of

Civil Engrg., Stanford Univ.

(d) Basic experimental and theoretical research

for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Study of hydrodynamic dispersion in porous

media. Complex variable analysis of flow

fields is combined with a convective dispersion equation to define time- space history

of pollutant concentrations . Effects of

channel boundary shapes and free streamlines

on dispersion are to be studied also.

(f) Completed.

(g) Conformal mapping techniques have been applied

to seepage from channels in two dimensions;

the results were verified by experiments.

The classic methods of analysis of secondorder partial differential equations were

used to derive a theory to predict the dispersion of a pollutant solution in a porous

115
media flow; results were correlated with

experiments.

(h) "Studies of Free Surface Flow and Two-Dlmensional Dispersion in Porous Media," J.C. Bruch and R.L. Street, Dept. Civil Engrg.

Tech. Rept. No. 63, May I966.

(1^917) MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN WIND-GENERATED WAVES.

(b) Fluid Mechanics Branch, Math. Sci. Div.,

Office of Naval Research.

(c) Profs. E.Y. Hsu and R.L. Street; see (1+916).

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral theses.

(e) Examination, experimental verification, and

extension of available theories are being

carried out. Several laboratory models of

wind-wave phenomena are under study.

(g) The importance of the shear flow instability

mechanism in the transfer of momentum from

wind to wave has been established.

(h) "Flow Over a Moving Boundary in Relation to Wind-Generated Waves," Dept. Civil Engrg.

Tech. Rept. No. 60, Mar. 1966. See also

(51+53) STUDIES OF LARGE WAVES.

(b) Field Projects Branch, Earth Sciences Div.,

Office of Naval Research.

(c) Prof. R.L. Street, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Stanford Univ.

(d) Experimental investigation; master's and

Ph.D. project.

(e) An experimental study of solitary waves is

being conducted as a means of establishing

the strengths and weaknesses of long wave theory to be used for coastal engineering

design.

(g) It has been concluded that present analytical

methods do not adequately represent shoaling

solitary waves and current design criteria

for breaking heights and run-up of waves

need to be revised.

(h) "An Investigation of the Deformation and

Breaking of Solitary Waves," F.E. Camfield

and R.L. Street, Dept. Civil Engrg. Tech.

Rept. No. 81, Dec. I967.

(51+51+) STUDIES ON WIND-WAVE INTERACTIONS.

National Science Foundation.

Prof. E.Y. Hsu, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Stanford Univ.

Experimental; Ph.D. theses.

The experiments include pressure, velocity, wave form, and spectral measurements in the

region of, and at, the Interface. They are designed to study the mechanism of energy

transfer between the air and the water. At the present time there appears to be a wellargued wave generation theory, yet the data in

hand give only qualitative verification of the

theory. Order of magnitude disagreement

arises between theory and experiment in the case of wave growth rates. "Laboratory Simulation of Sea Waves," J.M. Colonell, Dept. Civil Engrg. Tech. Rept.

No. 65, July 1966.

"The Dynamics of Wind in the Vicinity of

Progressive Water Waves," O.K. Shemdin and

E.Y. Hsu, Dept. Civil Engrg. Tech. Rept.

No. 66, July 1966.

"Response of Gravity Water Waves to Wind

Excitation," J.B. Bole and E.Y. Hsu, Dept.

Civil Engrg. Tech. Rept. No. 79, July 1967.

"Experimental and Analytical Investigation of

the Air Velocity Profile Above Progressive

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

[h)

Waves," O.K. Shemdin, Dept. Civil Engrg. Tech.

Rept. No. 82, July I967.

"Spectral Measurements and Growth Rates of

Wind-Generated Water Waves," A.J. Sutherland,

Dept. Civil Engrg. Tech. Rept. No. 81+, Aug.

1967.

(6225) STUDIES OF MASS AND ENERGY TRANSPORT ACROSS

AN AIR-WATER INTERFACE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. R.L. Street, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Stanford Univ.

(d) Experimental, laboratory investigation; basic

research for Ph.D. dissertations.

(e) Detailed experimental measurements are to be

made to obtain quantitative data on latent

and sensible heat transfer and mass transfer

due to evaporation and spray formation at an air-water interface.

(3507) STUDY OF INFILTRATION.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Prof. Joseph B. Franzini, Dept. of Civil Engrg.

Stanford Univ.

(d) Theoretical investigation; laboratory and

field studies; basic research; Ph.D. theses.

(e) An attempt is being made to develop relations

between soil parameters and infiltration

capacities. Investigation is being extended

to unsteady, unsaturated flow through soils

as experienced in capillary rise, drainage

and infiltration situations. Various two- dimensional flow problems are under investigation . (g) An analytic approach to the solution of \msteady, unsaturated horizontal flow in soils

has been developed. If the soil diffusivity

is expressible in exponential form, the method

permits prediction of soil moisture movement.

An analytical method for the solution of

unsteady, unsaturated flow from a cylindrical

source has been developed. Results show that

the flow rate decreases with time . The effect

of an applied pressure on horizontal flow in

soils has been investigated; the presence of an ever-growing saturated flow region preceded by an enlarging unsaturated zone was predicted and observed.

"impedance to Infiltration by Pressure Buildup Ahead of the Wetting Front," D.D. Adrian

and J.B. Franzini, Jour. Geophys. Research,

Vol. 71, No. 21+, pp. 5857-5862, Dec. 15, 1966.

"Unsteady Flow in Unsaturated Soils from a Cylindrical Source of Finite Radius," R. Singh and J.B. Franzini, Jour, of Geophys.

Research, Vol. 72, No. 1+, pp. 1207-1215, Feb.

15, 1967.

"Unsteady and Unsaturated Flow in Soils under

the Influence of an Impressed Pressure,"

William Yeh, Ph.D. dissertation published as

Dept. of Civil Engrg. Tech. Rept. No. 77,

Stanford Univ., iyfe,rch I967.

"Comments on Unsat\arated Flow from a Cylindrical Source," R. Singh and J.B. Franzini,

accepted for publication by Jour. Geophys.

Research.

(h)

STANFORD UNI\rERSITY, Dept. of Mechanical Engrg.

,

Thermoseiences Div ., Stanford, Calif. 9^305

(6798) TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS AND HYDRODYNAMIC

STABILITY.

116
(b) Mechanics Div., U.S. Air Force Office of

Scientific Research; and National Science

Fo\mdation.

(c) Prof. S.J. Kline or Prof. W.C. Reynolds,

Thennosciences Div., Dept. of Mech. Engrg.,

Stanford Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental work, primarilyfundamental in nature. Includes about six

doctoral and three M.S. theses plus work of

correspondents

.

(e) Emphasizes investigation of the structure of

turbulent shear flows (bound and free) and

prediction of their properties . Experimental

work emphasizes combined visual and quantitative study of instantaneous structures. Pre- dictive studies include improved boundary

layer proced-ures, prediction of txirbulence

production via hydrodynamic stability calculations, and investigation of stability of

free-surface waves. Several dissertations.

(g) Results to be reported early in I968 provide

detailed pictures of turbulence production

near smooth walls in turbulent boundary layer.

Results verify earlier hypothesis concerning

"wall layer flow models" (see first three

refs. below). Central result is quantification

of the fact that turbulence production arises

from local, dynamic, intermittent instability

of velocity profile (fourth ref.). Insta- bility is seen to arise from the effect of

the "wall model" correlated in first two references. Source of existence of wall model

still under study; preliminary stability

analyses suggest a predictive method which is now under study.

(h) "An Experimental Investigation of the Flow

Structure of the Turbulent Boundary Layer ,

P.W. Runstadler, S.J. Kline, and W.C. Reynolds,

Rept. MD-8, Thennosciences Div., Dept. of

Mech. Engrg., Stanford Univ., I963

(h) "A Study of the Structure of the Turbulent

Boundary Layer with and without Longitudinal

Pressure Gradients," F.A. Schraub and S.J. Kline, Rept. MD-12, Thermosclences Div., Dept.

of Mech. Engrg., Stanford Univ., I965.

"The Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers,"

S.J. Kline, W.C. Reynolds, F.A. Schraub, and

P.W. Rtinstadler, to be published in Jour. Fluid Mechanics.

"An Experimental Study of Turbulence Production

near a Smooth Wall in a Turbulent Boxmdary

Layer with Zero Pressure-Gradient," H.T. Kim, S.J. Kline, and W.C. Reynolds, Rept. MD-20,

Thennosciences Div., Dept. of Mech. Engrg.,

Stanford Univ., (to be released).

"Stability of Turbulent Poiseullle Flow with

Application to the Malkus Theory of Turbulence,"

W.G. Tiederman and W.C. Reynolds, Jour. Fluid

Mech., Vol. 27, part 2, I967.

(6799) FLOW IN SUBSONIC DIFFUSERS.

(b) Industrial sponsors: General Electric Co.,

General Motors Corp., Trane Co., Caterpillar

Tractor Co., and AiResearch.

(c) Prof. S.J. Kline or Prof. J. P. Johnston,

Thennosciences Div., Dept. of Mech. Engrg.,

Stanford Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical investigation of

diffuser flows; M.S. theses and dissertations.

(e) Establishment of flow characteristics including flow regime maps, location of optima for

various design criteria, provision of reliable

predictive procedures.

(g) Flow regime maps for "Simple Diffusers" (see

below) are established. Optima for a number

of cases are thus provided. Calculation procedure for simple cases has been constructed

for various geometries and unstalled flow.

"Simple Diffuser" is one which: (l) Has

straight or nearly straight centerline; (2)

Mach number less than choking; (3) Reynolds

number high enough to give turbulent boundary

layer at or near throat; (k) Potential flow

in core plus boundary layer at inlet.

Flow maps and correlations for one large class

of curved units have also been completed.

A method for stabilizing flows to very large

angles, using vanes has been established.

Current work not yet complete, emphasizes

extension into "non- simple" cases of several

kinds

.

(h) "Performance and Design of Straight, TwoDimensional Diffusers," L.R. Reneau, J. P. Johnston, and S.J. Kline, Jour Basic Engrg.,

Trans. ASME, Series D, Vol. 89, No. 1,

March 1967.

"A Performance Prediction Method for Unstalled

Two-Dimensional Diffusers," L.R. Reneau and

J. P. Johnston, Jour. Basic Engrg., Trans. ASME, Series D, Vol. 89, No. 3, Sept. I967.

"The Design and Performance of Two-Dimensional

Curved Subsonic Diff\:isers , " C.J. Sagi , J. P. Johnston, and S.J. Kline, ASME Preprint No. 67-FE-6, to be published Jour. Basic Engrg.

"Effects of Wall Shape on Flow Regimes and

Performance in Straight, Two-Dimensional

Diffusers," J.J. Carlson and J. P. Johnston,

Jour. Basic Engrg., Trans. ASME, Series D,

Vol. 89, No. 1, March 1967.

"The Use of Short Flat Vanes for Producing

Efficient Wide-Angle Two-Dimensional Subsonic

Diffusers," D.L. Cochran and S.J. Kline,

MCA TN 14-309, 1958.

(6800) FLOW IN ROTATING SYSTEMS.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. J. P. Johnston (or Prof. S.J. Kline)

Thermosclences Div., Dept. of Mech. Engrg.,

Stanford Univ.

(d) Fundamental experimental and theoretical

investigation in flow in rotating systems

with particular emphasis on boundary layer

effects. Dissertation work.

(e) A large rotating apparatus of flexible design

is available to study various configurations.

Dissertation and MS theses.

(g) Fully established flow in a channel can be

strongly affected by rotation. On "leading"

wall a "super txarbulence" is produced; on "trailing" wall relaminarization occurs for

siofficiently high values of rotation parameter

Flow regimes have been mapped; see first

reference below.

Current studies continue work on structure to provide more details. During I968-69 studies

in rotating-diffusing passages are planned.

(h) "The Influence of Rotation on Flow in a Long

Rectangxilar Channel -- An Experimental Study,"

R.M. Halleen and J. P. Johnston, Report MD-I8,

Thermosclences Div., Dept. of Mech. Engrg.,

Stanford Univ. , 1967.

"The Laminar Boundary Layer on a Rotating

Circular Arc Blade," R.M. Halleen and J. P. Johnston, Jour. Basic Engrg., Trans. ASME,

Vol. 88, Series D, No. 1, March I966.

(6801) USE OF HOT-WIRE ANEMOMETER IN WATER.

(b) Mechanics Div., U.S. Air Force Office of

Scientific Research.

(c) Prof. S.J. Kline or Prof. R.J. Moffat,

117
Thermosclences Div., Dept. of Mech. Engrg.,

Stanford Univ.

(d) Experimental work primarily.

(e) Attempts to improve and codify instrument

procedures for general use. Will thoroughly

test available eqmpment in special calibration tunnel and report on performance. Will

attempt to provide instructions on use in

water s\if ficiently complete to avoid

historical errors arising from air practices.

Will also attempt to provide improved temperature compensation procedures and a method for

primary calibration for fluctuation velocities.

Dissertation work,

(g) No final results yet available. Anticipate

results circa 1969-

(1^229) INTERACTION BETWEEN GRAVITY WAVES AND

TURBULENCE FIELDS.

STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Davidson Laboratory,

711 Hudson St., Hoboken, New Jersey O7O3O.

(3516) INVESTIGATION OF HULL BENDING MOMENTS IN WAVES.

(b) Ship Structure Committee.

(c) Mr. Edward Numata, Davidson Lab., Stevens

Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Models of the cargo ships WOLVERINE STATE and

CALIFORNIA BEAR were instrumented to measure

vertical and lateral wave bending moments at the same location used aboard ship for strain

gage measurements during actual voyages. The

models were run at a range of headings to regular waves with a range of lengths . Prediction of ship bending moments in realistic

seas will be made for correlation with bending moment data collected aboard ship.

(f) Completed.

(14-226) INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE-PIERCING FULLY

VENTILATED DIHEDRAL HYDROFOILS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Mr. P. Ward Brown, Chief of High Speed Craft

Div., Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied

research.

(e) A continuing investigation aimed at providing

basic design information on three-dimensional

hydrofoils operating near a water surface,

under conditions of either fully wetted or fully ventilated flow. To date the forces and

moments on a series of surface piercing dihedral hydrofoils have been measured and the

dynamics of systems employing such foils has

been studied, Including the problem of a hydrofoil impacting on the water surface and the

stability of hydrofoil craft, and their re- sponse in waves

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Analytical expressions for the forces and

moments on surface piercing fully wetted and

fully ventilated dihedral hydrofoils. Including the effect of flaps , have been obtained

and confirmed experimentally. Unsteady

problems Including those of stability, Impact

and ventilation of such foils have also been

dealt with. The conventional linearized

supercavltatlng foil theory has been extended

to cover the entire angle of attack range with

simplicity and precision. The response of

surface piercing hydrofoil systems in irregiilar waves has been analyzed and techniques developed and proved experimentally for making

predictions of the time history of motion

response in Irregular waves.

(b

(c

(d

(e

(5058

(c

(d

(e

(f

(g

(h)

(5064)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

Prof. Daniel Savltsky, Davidson Lab., Stevens

Inst, of Tech.

Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

The purpose of this work is to study energy

loss processes when gravity waves pass

through an intense turbulence field.

Project just getting \mderway.

UNSTEADY LOADS ON TEED HYDROFOILS IN OBLIQUE

SEAS. Naval Ship Systems Comm., Dept. of the Navy.

Dr. S. Tsakonas, Head, Flmd Dynamics Div.,

and Dr. Charles J. Henry, Research Engr.

,

Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst, of Tech.

Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

To Investigate the forces and moments acting

on hydrofoil struts and foils while operating

in oblique regular waves

.

Completed.

The Integral equation relating the unknown

time-dependent loading distribution on a lifting-surface of arbitrary shape and

orientation to the known downwash distribution

has been derived together with the kernal

functions for a variety of special cases as well as for arbitrary Froude number. A

numerical solution technique is discussed and

demonstrated for the case of a deeply submerged, flat, rectangular foil subjected

to a traveling gust generated by an oblique

regular wave train. The results of the

calculations are In very good agreement with

those of experiments conducted under similar

conditions. For further assessment of

theoretical results, a series of experiments

have been conducted with a Teed hydrofoil and

with each member of this configuration

separately, under a variety of conditions of

aspect ratio, depth of submergence and wave

conditions. The results Indicate that interference effects between foil and strut are manifested by a redistribution of the loading

on each member of the configuration in such a way as to increase appreciably the roll moment

on the foil and the side force on the strut. The measured results demonstrate the paramount

Importance of including three-dimensional un- steady effects in the design studies of hydrofoil vehicles.

Davidson Lab. Rept. III8.

INVESTIGATION OF SHIP MOTIONS.

U.S. Naval Training Devices Center, Dept. of

the Navy.

Prof. Daniel Savltsky; see (14-229) above.

Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

Development of equations of motion of ships

in very low speed maneuvering condition to

be applied to a simulator for training.

Completed.

Analysis of general linearized motion equations

including terms of importance at very low

speeds . Experimental model and full scale

program to determine static and dynamic

derivatives of importance for inclusion in

computer programs for calculating responses

to bridge commands

.

"Equations of Motion for Mooring and Docking

Maneuvers of a Destroyer and a Surfaced Submarine," C.L. Crane, Jr., E.M. Uram and Y.H. Chey, Davidson Lab. Rept. 1157, Sept. I966.

118
(5310) ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF BUBBLES IN PRESSURE

FIELDS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Prof. Daniel Savitsky; see {h229) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Study of the sound produced by a single gas

bubble in the presence of boundaries generating a varying pressure field in the flow

direction.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report in preparation.

(5311) STRUCTURE OF TURBULENT WAKES WITH ASYMMETRIES.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Prof. Daniel Savitsky; see (4229) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Determination of turbulent structure of wakes

very near bodies of revolution with systematically varied asymmetries. Particular at- tention to distortion imposed by asymmetries

and circumferential eddy structure.

(f) Completed.

(h) Final report being prepared.

(5312) INVESTIGATE GAIN IN WATER SPEED OBTAINED BY COUPLING AMPHIBIOUS CRAFT.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Wavy.

(c) Mr. Howard Dugoff, Chief, Vehicle Research

Div., Stevens Inst, of Tech., Davidson Lab.

(d) Experimental investigation; applied research.

(e) Towing tank scale model tests were conducted

to determine the hydrodynamic drag reduction

attainable through coupling of amphibious

vehicles in train configuration. Limited

tests of directional behavior in waves also

were made.

(f) Completed.

(g) Results are extremely encouraging; total

resistance for a train of five LVTP-5

amphibians is less than twice as great as the

resistance of a single vehicle. Assuming that

propulsive efficiency is unaffected by coupling, this represents a potential speed gain

of almost 50^. Insofar as performance at sea

is concerned, the tests to date indicate that

resistance of the train to broaching is no worse than the very stable single LVTP-5.

(h) "Drag Studies of Coupled Amphibians," R.L. Van Dyck and I.R. Ehrlich, Davidson Lab.

Rept. 1137, July 1966.

(5313) HYDRODYMMIC TRACK PROPULSION.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Mr. Howard Dugoff; see (5312) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied.

(e) The object of the investigation was to find

methods to improve the water propulsion

performance of tracked vehicles. Drag measurements were made in a wind tunnel and in a towing tank to investigate the effects of

changing the shape and spacing of rectangular

track plates.

(f) Completed.

(g) The test results indicate that contrary to common belief all of the cleats on the bottom

portion of the track contribute materially

to the gross thrust. It is also indicated

that the cleat spacing should be made as small as practical, that the influence of

cleat aspect ratio is small, and that variation in depth of submergence between about

2.5 and 5.0 chord widths has no noticeable

effect.

(h) "Studies in Hydrodynamic Track Propulsion,"

I.R. Ehrlich, J.A. Mercier and I. Tanaka,

Davidson Lab. Rept. II36, Sept. I966.

(531'+) HYDRODYMMC WHEEL PROPULSION OF FLOATING

LAND VEHICLES.

(b) U.S. Army Tank - Automotive Center.

(c) Mr. Howard Dugoff; see (5312) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied.

(e) The fluid dynamic mechanism by which a floating land vehicle can propel itself through

water by spinning its fully submerged wheels

is being investigated. Studies are being con- ducted on two related yet essentially distinct aspects of the problem:

Phase 1-Hydrodynami c Studies of Spinning Disk. Tests are being conducted to determine the

thrust force which acts on a disk rotating

about an axis parallel to a plane boundary.

The experiments are being performed for com- parison with a proposed theoretical solution,

reported on in the 196k issue (reference

number 5067), intended to provide an insight

into the basic elements of the wheel propulsion phenomenon.

Phase 2-Tests on Scale Model of Floating

Cargo Truck. Towing tank tests of selfpropelled scale model of a five ton army

cargo truck are being conducted in an effort

to develop a scale model technique for

studying the hydrodynamic performance of

wheel-propelled vehicles

.

(f) Terminated.

(g) No significant results.

(5928) ROUGH WATER TAKE-OFF RESISTANCE OF HYDROFOIL

SHIP HULLS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) Mr. Edward Numata, Davidson Lab., Stevens

Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A systematic study of the rough water resist- ance of hull forms suitable for use with

hydrofoils, as a function of wave steepness,

and frequency of encounter, with and without a range of foil restoring and damping forces

and moments

.

(5931) MODEL STUDY OF DOCKING CHARACTERISTICS OF

LARC AMPHIBIANS.

(b) U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Center.

(c) Mr. Howard Dugoff; see (5312) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research and development . (e) Scale model tests have been conducted to determine methods for improving the docking

performance of the LARC V amphibian by

changing the rudder shape, stern configuration, rudder post location, and mooring line

attachment location. Full scale tests are also being conducted by the Army to verify

the model results. Davidson Lab. personnel

are cooperating in these tests, and also are continuing the model studies in an attempt

to extend the present results from the point

of view of general applicability to amphibious vehicle design.

(g) It was found in the model tests that the

lateral force available to hold the LARC V

at dockslde could be increased materially,

without modification to the hull, by use of a new rudder in the shape of a truncated

pyramid with a vertical center plate. The tests also demonstrated that a change in the

mooring line attachment location would improve operational performance significantly.

119
(h) "Model Study of Docking Characteristics of the

LftRC V Amphibious Vehicle," H. Dugoff and Y.H. Chey, Davidson Lab. Rept. IO9O, Jan. 1966.

"A Laboratory Scale Model Technique for

Investigating Pneumatic Tire Hydroplaning,

H. Dugoff and I.R. Ehrlich, Davidson Lab.

Rept. 1223 (in press).

"Laboratory Scale Model Experiments to Investigate Aircraft Tire Hydroplaning," H. Dugoff and I.R. Ehrlich, Proc. Tth Ann. Natl,

Conf . on Environmental Effects on Aircraft

and Propulsion Systems, Sept. 25-27, 1967-

(Preprints available soon).

"Hydrodynamics of Aircraft Tire Hydroplaning,"

S. Tsakonas, C.J. Henry, W.R. Jacobs,

Davidson Lab. Rept. 1238 (in preparation).

(5932) HYDROPLANING OF AIRCRAFT TIRES.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) I. Robert Ehrlich, Mgr., Transportation Re- search Group, Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied

research.

(e) A systematic experimental study is being

made of the various parameters affecting hydroplaning of pneumatic aircraft tires.

Model tests are being conducted on the

Davidson Laboratory rolling road facility;

tires may be mounted above this rolling road

so that with the tire mount stationary, the

tire behavior may be studied and the tire

loads measured as functions of rolling speed.

The model tires are fabricated of polyurethane foam, whose density is varied to simulate variations in pneumatic tire inflation pressure. Static and dynamic tests

of these models indicate that they are geometrically similar to the prototype pneumatic tires as they deform under load, A

quantitative theoretical description of the

hydroplaning phenomenon also is being sought,

(g) Preliminary experiments were made which relate

water film thickness, tire size, and applied

load to hydroplaning inception speed,

(5933) STUDY OF l/it-TON TRUCK FLOATING CONCEPTS.

(b) U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command.

(c) Mr. Howard Dugoff, Chief, or Mr. George M. Warden, Research Engr., Vehicle Research Div.,

Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied re- search and development.

(e) This program has two main objectives: (l) To evaluate specific proposed l/k—tou truck

concepts relative to their performance in

crossing water obstacles, and (2) to develop

general methods for evaluating such vehicles

on an objective basis. Specific evaluations

include consideration of expected water speed,

rough water characteristics, and water en- trance and exit problems.

(f) Completed.

(g) Three different modes of locomotion are being

investigated in connection with the general

stream crossing maneuver; full- floating,

fully land-borne, and water-land transition.

Common to all is the peripheral study of the

variation and distribution of related environmental characteristics. With respect to the

full floating condition, methods are being

developed to evaluate hydrodynamic resistance,

propulsion effectiveness, water speed, height

of bow wave, and water shipping rate due to wavelets and/or negative freeboard. Operating

techniques such as using guy wires to tether

a vehicle and utilizing the stream current to help propel the vehicle across are also being

studied. Fully land-borne performance is being

investigated particularly in relation to the

stream and river bank environment; it is known

that vegetation and soil properties are affected adversely by proximity to rivers and streams

.

The analysis of the water- land transition mode

is in the form of dynamic boundary value

problem programmed for numerical solution with

a digital computer. Input data for the program

include water speed, vehicle buoyancy vs freeboard and trim angle, suspension system

characteristics, swamping rates for negative

freeboard, ground traction coefficients,

shore slope, and soil strength. The output

is a time history of vehicle motion from time

of initial bank contact to time of completion

of egress or total immobilization. A start has been made towards categorizing the world

hydrological landscape on the basis of available climatic, geological, and other natural

scientific data sources,

(h) "Vehicle Egress from Streams -- A Mathematical

Model," H. Dugoff, Davidson Lab. Note 765,

presented at 5th U , S , /Canadian Regional Meeting,

Soc. for Terrain-Vehicle Systems at U.S. Dept.

of Agric. Natl. Tillage Machinery Lab., Auburn,

Alabama, April 18-I9, I967.

"A Computer Simulation of a l/lf-- scale 8x8 XM-

'j-53 Truck Model Egressing onto a Hard Surfaced

Ramp," G.M, Worden, Davidson Lab, Rept, 121+2, prepared for U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command,

Contract DA-30-069-AMC-789(T) , Oct. I967.

"Wavelet Swamping Study -- A Method for Pre- dicting Rate of Shipping Water," G.M. Worden,

Davidson Lab. Rept. 125*+, prepared for U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command, Contract DA

30-069 -AMC -789 (t), Nov, I967.

(593'+) INVESTIGATION OF SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF A

PROPOSED 1-1/2 TON MARGINAL TERRAIN VEHICLE.

(b) U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Center,

(c) I, Robert Ehrlich; see (5932) above,

(d) Experimental development,

(e) The object of this program is to optimize the

swimming capabilities of a proposed I-I/2 ton

marginal terrain vehicle currently under

development for the U.S. Marine Corps by the contractor. To this end, experiments are being

made with a l/t|— scale, self-propelled, variable

parameter model of this air bag type track

vehicle. The tests are intended to permit

optimization of two major aspects of the

vehicle's hydrodynamic performance, propulsive

efficiency and steering ability,

(g) Self-propelled towing tank tests were conducted

to determine the effect on propulsive efficiency of various vehicle parameters including

tire diameter, tire (width/diameter ) aspect

ratio, tire spacing, tire pressure, vehicle

load, trim, and track entrance and exit

angles

,

An initial series of free turning tests demonstrated serious deficiency in steering

ability of the vehicle as orginally designed.

Subsequent modifications to the vehicle

succeeded in correcting the problem without

compromising other performance characteristics.

Current efforts are primarily directed towards

developing general methods for analyzing the

performance of the high- flotation type of

amphibious vehicle.

120
(5935) UNSTEADY LOADS ON DUCTED PROPELLERS AMD

NOZZLES.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) Dr. S. Tsakonas, Head, Fluid Dynamics Div.,

and Miss W.R. Jacobs, Senior Research Engr.,

Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) To develop a method of determining the un- steady and steady loading on a ducted propeller and its enshrouding nozzle operating in a three-dimensional non-uniform flow field.

The present phase is concerned with derivation

of the pair of surface integral equations

governing the interaction problem and their

reduction to a pair of corresponding line

integral equations by the mode approach and

lift operator technique.

(g) Theory demonstrates the filtering effect of

the propeller on the flow field so that the

direct loading is zero at all frequencies

not equal to multiples of blade frequency

(i.e., blade frequency times 0, 1, 2 ....).

(5936) PROPELLER-SINGING PHENOMENON AS A SELF-EXCITED

VIBRATION SYSTEM.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) Dr. S. Tsakonas; see (5935) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) To improve the mathematical model introduced

in the previous study at Davidson Lab. for

the propeller singing phenomenon as a selfexcited vibration system and to develop ex- pressions for the acoustic signal produced by

the propeller at the singing stage.

(5937) PROPELLER-RUDDER INTERACTION.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) Dr. S. Tsakonas; see (5935) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) To evalmte theoretically the loading distribution on a rudder of finite aspect ratio

in the presence of a propeller operating in

three-dimensional non-unifonn flow and to determine the rudder torque and side force.

(g) Theory demonstrates the filtering effect of

the propeller on the harmonic constituents of

the wake which results in the rudder operating

in a flow field of frequencies equal to multiples of blade frequency.

(5938) UNSTEADY LOADS ON A MARINE PROPELLER.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) Dr. S. Tsakonas, Head, Fluid Dynamics Div.,

Miss W.R. Jacobs, Senior Research Engr., and

Mr. Paul Rank, Research Engr., Davidson Lab.,

Stevens Inst, of Tech.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) To determine the loading distribution and

vibratory thrust and torque on a rotating

propeller operating in a non-unifonn threedimensional flow. The resulting integral

equation is solved by the mode approach in

conjunction with the Glauert lift operator.

(f) Completed.

(g) The surface integral equation has been solved

by means of the collocation method in con- junction with the generalized lift operator,

for a prescribed set of chordwise modes which

reproduce the proper leading edge singularity

and fulfill the Kutta condition at the trailing edge. General programs have been developed to accommodate any geometry of propeller

operating in a specified nonuniform inflow

condition for a large but finite number of

chordwise modes. The calculations indicate

that the spanwise loading distribution and the

steady and time-dependent thrust and torque

reach stable values after 3 to 5 chordwise

modes, but the chordwise distribution does not converge with a small number of modes,

particularly in the neighborhood of the

leading and trailing edges. A comparison of

theoretical and experimental results for the

vibratory thrust shows satisfactory agreement

on the whole.

(5939) BOUNDARY LAYER BEHAVIOR ON ROUGH SURFACES.

(b) Commercial Ship Operator.

(c) Prof. Daniel Savitsky, Stevens Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic research.

(e) Study of boundary layer growth and turbulence

structure on rough surfaces. Includes various geometrically regular roughness elements

and distributions and random roughness

typical of ship hull plates.

(f) Completed.

(h) Results published in Stevens Inst, of Tech.

Doctoral Dissertation, June I966.

(6535) STEADY AND TIME-DEPENDENT PROPELLER FORCES

AND MOMENTS.

(b) Haval Ship Res. and Dev. Ctr., Naval Ship

Systems Command, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. S. Tsakonas, Head, Fluid Dynamics Div.,

Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst, of Tech.; Dr.

J. P. Breslin, Director, Davidson Lab.; and

M. Miller, Physicist, Propeller Branch, Naval

Ship Res. and Dev. Ctr., Dept. of the Navy.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied

research.

(e) To develop a method of determining all steady

and unsteady hydrodynamic forces and moments

acting on the propeller through use of threedimensional unsteady lifting- surface, and to compare the theoretical results with

experiments

.

(f) Completed.

(g) The central features of an unsteady, threedimensional, lifting- surface theory for ship

propellers are outlined. Comparison of the

theoretical predictions obtained from a

digital. computer with experimental results

show good agreement. To illustrate the

applicability of the method, resiilts of com- parative calculations are presented: (i)

for hulls with moderate U- and moderate V- sterns; (ii) for two transom sterns, one with a skeg, the other with a Hogner fairing;

(iii) for a large tanker fitted alternately

with k- and 5-bladed propellers . The results

show the need for such calculations as a basis

for design in regard to the vibratory bearing

forces when wake harmonics are sufficiently

distinct. The paper concludes with a summary

of the attributes of the program which make it

attractive to apply to practical design

problems

.

(h) "Correlation and Application of an Unsteady

Flow Theory for Propeller Forces," Paper No.

5, Ann. Mtg. Soc. Nav. Arch, and Marine Engrs.,

Hew York, N.Y. , Nov. I5-I8, 196?.

(6536) STABILIZATION OF MARINE VEHICLES FLOATING IN A SEAWAY.

(b) Naval Air Systems Command, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. Charles J. Henry, Asst. Head, Fluid

Dynamics Div., and Mr. John Mercier, Research

Engr., Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst, of Tech.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

121
(e) To determine the effect of plate geometry on the damping effectiveness of oscillating

plates.

(f) Completed.

(g) The measxared damping characteristics of rec- tangular plates indicated that number of holes

and ratio of solid planform area to overall

area have very little effect. However, damping increases appreciably with aspect ratio.

A cursory study of the wave exciting forces

on a fixed vertical cylinder with and without

a plate has shown that the added mass force on the plate decreases the wave excitation

when the plate is at the end of the cylinder,

for the configxjration tested. As the plate

is moved closer to the free surface, the

added mass force increases so that the wave

excitation on the plate-float combination

becomes greater than that on the float alone.

(h) Davidson Laboratory Report II83.

(6537) WAVE DECAY AND REFLECTION IN ICE FLOES.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. Charles J. Henry, Asst. Head, Fluid

Dynamics Div., Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst. Tech., and Prof. T.V. Davies, Head of the

Dept. of Mathematics, University College of

Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) To study the pressure field and wave system

resulting from the interaction of water-waves

with semi-infinite field of ice blocks floating on water of finite depth.

(6538) VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF HYDROFOIL CRAFT WITH

THREE-DIMENSIONAL UNSTEADY EFFECTS ON FOIL

LOADING.

(b) Naval Ship Systems Command.

(c) Dr. Charles J. Henry, Asst. Head, Fluid

Dynamics Div., Davidson Lab., Stevens Inst. Tech.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) To develop a theoretical procedure for predicting the vibrational performance and

stability (flutter) of hydrofoil craft,

including the effects of three-dimensional

unsteady hydrodynamic forces acting on the

foil systems.

(f) Completed.

(g) A theoretical procedure is developed for the

prediction of the dynamic response, elastic or rigid body, of a hydrofoil- supported vehicle

in the flying condition, to any prescribed

transient or periodic disturbance. The procedure also yields the stability indices of

the response so that dynamic Instabilities

such as flutter can also be predicted. The

xmsteady hydrodynamic forces are introduced

in the equations of motion in terms of

indiclal pressure response functions, which

are derived from lifting surface theory. A

numerical procedure is presented for obtaining

the solution of the downwash Integral equations

relating the indiclal pressure response

functions to the elastic mode shapes of the

hydrofoil.

(h) Davidson Laboratory Rept. 1202.

(6539) POWER GENERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF SAVONIUS

ROTORS.

(b) . Office of Naval Research.

(c) Mr. John Mercler, Research Engr., Davidson

Lab., Stevens Inst. Tech.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To study the dependence of the power

122

I

generating characteristics of Savonius Rotor

models, when used as windmills, on various

geometrical features.

(f) Completed.

(g) Savonius rotors are physically simple and

have omni-directional stream sensing

characteristics but are less efficient at extracting power from a stream of water of

given cross section area than ordinary propeller type windmills.

(h) Davidson Lab. LR-II81 (obtain from Defense

Documentation Ctr. , Cameron Sta., 5010 Duke

St., Alexandria, Va. 2231k. AD 6k3 I60)

.

(B-ykO) FORCE MEASUREMENTS ON A ROTATING VARIABLE

SWEEP HYDROFOIL.

(b) Naval Air Systems Command.

(c) Mr. John Mercler; see (6539) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To study the dependence of the lift, drag

and pitching moment acting on a model hydrofoil on angle of attack, sweep angle and

sweep rate.

(f) Completed.

(g) Hydrodynamic forces are only weakly dependent

on sweep rate up to reasonably high rates (thirteen foil spans advance for 90 degree

sweep)

.

(h) Davidson Lab. LR-II80 (obtain from Defense

Documentation Ctr., Cameron Sta., 5010 Duke

St., Alexandria, Va. 2231k. AD 80l4-38o).

SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Civil Engrg ., Syracuse,

N.Y. 13210

(6215) PRESSURE DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING COLLAPSE OF

VAPOR CAVITIES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Wen-Hsiung Li, Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Syracuse Univ.

(d) Theoretical with experimental verification.

(e) To predict the high pressure generated by

collapse of vapor cavities formed by sudden

stoppage of flow in a pipe.

(f) Completed.

(g) Solutions have been obtained for the pressure

and velocity of flow following the collapse

of vapor cavities.

(h) "Mechanics of Pipe Flow Following Separation,"

W.H. Li, Trans. Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng., Vol. 128,

p. 1233, 1963. "Pressure Generated by Cavitation in a Pipe,"

W.H. Li and J. P. Walsh, Proc. Amer. Soc. Civ.

Eng., Vol. 90, No. EM6, 196I+. "Thermal Effect on Growth and Collapse of

Cavities," W.H. Li, Proc. Symp. on Cavitation

and Hyd. Mach. Intl. Assoc. for Hyd. Research,

1962. "Water Hammer Following Col\min Separation,"

J. P. Walsh and W.H. LI, Jour. Appl. Mech.

,

Vol. 3k, No. El, p. 23i+, 1567.

(6216) TRANSVERSE DISPERSION IN GROUND WATER.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin., U.S. Dept. of the Interior.

(c) Dr. Wen-Hsiung Li; see (6215) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) To predict distribution of contaminant in

ground water.

(f) Completed.

(g) Soluti ons have been obtained for contaminant

distribution from sources in nonuniform flow;

coefficient of transverse dispersion has been
determined experimentally for Reynolds number

up to 38O; solutions have been obtained for

concentration distribution at the interface

of moving fluids,

(h) "Experiments on Lateral Dispersion in Porous

Media," W.H. Li and F.H. Lai, Proc. Amer.

Soc. Civ. Eng., Vol. 92, Mo. HY5, 1966.

"Dispersion from Sources in Nonuniform Seepage

Flow," W.H. Li and R.P. Canale, Proc. Amer.

Soc. Civ. Eng., Vol. 93, No. HY3, 196?.

"Band Diffusion with Variable Parameters along

Flow," W.H. Li, Trans. Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng.,

Vol. 132, 1967.

"Dispersion at the Interface of Miscible

Liquids in a Soil," W.H. Li and G.T. Yeh,

Water Resources Research, Amer. Geophys.

Union, (in publication).

SYRACUSE UMIVERSITY, Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engrg. , Syracuse, N.Y. 13210

(6263) IKVESTIGATIOH OF TRANSITION IN A PIPE.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. T.H. Hodgson, Dept. Mechanical and

Aerospace Engrg., Syracuse Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) Experimental investigation of the stability of

Poiseullle flow in a pipe after the application of three dimensional disturbances.

(6261)-) MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS IN TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Prof. T.H. Hodgson; see (6263) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research for doctoral

thesis

.

(e) A pressure transducer is being developed that

should measiire static pressure fluctuations in

free turbulent shear flows . Also a transducer

of high frequency resolution is being used to measure the wall pressure fluctuations beneath

a turbulent boundary layer, particularly that

part of the spectrum originating in the

viscous sub-layer.

(6265) ACOUSTIC RADIATION FROM A TURBULENT BOUNDARY

LAYER ON A RIGID PLANE SURFACE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. T.H. Hodgson; see (6263) above,

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) From wall pressure correlation data previously

obtained in flight the acoustic radiation

from a turbulent boundary layer on a rigid

plane surface is being investigated theoretically.

ROBERT TAGGART INCORPORATED , 3930 Walnut St.,

Fairfax, Virginia 22030

(5189) ACOUSTIC EXCITATION OF FLAT PLATES BY TURBULENT

FLOW.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Robert Taggart, President, Robert Taggart Inc.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Tests were carried out in a rectangular water

tunnel in which various thin flat plates were mounted flush with the tunnel wall, (l) using a 1/16" thick stainless steel plate, the investigation was directed toward correlation of

the boundary layer characteristics with the

pressure spectra of a flush-mounted pencilend hydrophone and an accelerometer located

on the quarter diagonal point of the plate

surface. (2) Experiments were conducted to determine the dimensional effects of cylindrical hydrophones located in a water-filled

trunk above the plate. The height above the

plate was varied for two hydrophones of

different sensitive areas. (3) The effect of

damping on the acoustic pressure was examined

for two aluminum and two fiberglass plates.

Comparison is made between the four plates

(damped and undamiped) at a maximum flow

velocity of 20 ft. /sec. Acceleration levels were measured.

(f) Completed.

(g) (1) It is demonstrated that unsteady flow

excitation from a turbulent boundary layer on

a thin flat surface, causes vibration of the

plate at many natural modes. Chladni figures

are shown for a frequency range 170<f<2000

cps. (2) Both the area of a hydrophone and

its distance above a vibrating plate have

considerable effect on the dimensionless

pressure spectra. (3) Measurements on the

four damped plates show that the acoustic

response of aluminum plates is lowered more

than that of fiberglass plates. The ratio

of the thickness of the damping material to

the plate thickness is 2.

(6262) THE WALL PRESSURE SPECTRA IN A THICK TURBULENT

BOUNDARY LAYER.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Mr. Matthew Stevenson, Hydrodynamicist,

Robert Taggart Incorporated.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Tests were carried out with 1/8" diameter

pressure transducers flush-mounted in the wall

of a quiet flow water tunnel in which the

boundary layer was approximately 3" thick.

The maximum flow velocity was varied between

12 and 22 feet/second.

(f) Completed.

(g) From spectrum levels it is shown that for

increasing frequency, the level falls at a rate of 10 db/octave and for any frequency the

dependence on velocity is about 2 db/foot per

second. Qualitatively, the low frequency

results show a tendency for spectral density

values to decrease with decreasing frequency.

At high frequencies the small wavelength com- ponents of the pressure field cannot be

properly resolved by the finite sized trans- ducers . An average value of the ratio of

root-mean- square pressure to dynamic pressure

is found to be 5-2 x 10"3 for a zero-sized

transducer. In the higher frequency range

the data are better represented by scaling

the spectral density using wall shear stress and transducer size rather than dynamic

pressure and displacement thickness.

(h) "The Wall Pressure Spectra in a Thick Turbulent Boundary Layer," Final Report RT-I5IOI

to the Acoustics Branch, Office of Naval

Research, under Contract Nonr-i4-79l( OO)

.

UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, Dept. of Chemical and

Metallurgical Engrg. , Knoxville, Tenn. 37916

(6492) STUDIES OF CAVITATION.

123
(b) Dept. of Chemical and Metallurgical Engrg.,

The Univ. of Tennessee.

(c) Prof. H.W. Hsu, Dept. of Chem. and Metallurg.

Engrg., The Univ. of Tennessee.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied

research; Master's thesis.

(e) Development of a scaling equation for the

incipient cavitation number as a function of

the Reynolds number.

(f) Suspended.

(g) The equation agreed favorably with various

experimental data.

(h) Proc, Southeastern Symp. on Missiles and

Aerospace Vehicles Science, Vol. II, p. 95

>

1966.

(614-93) EFFECT OF VIBRATION ON FLUID FLOW.

(b) Dept. of Chemical and Metallurgical Engrg.,

The Univ. of Tennessee.

(c) Prof. H.W, Hsu; see(6l|-92) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research; Master's

thesis.

(e) An experiment of determination of a friction

factor for a cxarved pipe under vibration and

without vibration has been performed. Ratio

of the friction factor under vibration and

without vibration has been correlated in

terms of Reynolds number, amplitude, frequency, and ciirvature-diameter ratio.

TEXAS A and M UNIVERSITY, College of Geosciences , Dept. of Oceanography , College Station, Texas HQh^

(1+866) MODIFICATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL LONG WAVES

OVER VARIABLE BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY.

(b) Coastal Engineering Research Center.

(c) Prof. R.O. Reld, Texas A and M Univ.

(d) Theoretical applied research.

(e) The objective is to investigate the modification of free gravity waves in variable

depth, including reflection and transmission

etc., with particular attention being given

to the Interaction of tsunamis with islands.

The analysis employs numerical methods.

(g) Studies to date include: (l) The development

of modified long-wave equations to allow for

vertical acceleration and dispersive character

of the waves. (2) The development of a com- puting system for generating an orthogonal

coordinate system for an island of general

configuration to be employed in numerical

wave diffraction studies. (3) The development of a nmerlcal program for evaluating

the diffraction of long waves by islands of

general configuration using the special

coordinate system. The above system has been

tested for several cases of simple geometry

where the analytical solution is known, (h)

Evaluation of the characteristics of gravity

waves of permanent form at intermediate depth

for nearly maximum steepness.

(h) "Orthogonal Coordinates for the Analysis of

Long Gravity Waves Near Island," R.O. Reid

andA.C. Vastano, Proc. Specialty Conf. on Coastal Engrg . , ASCE, Oct. I965.

"Tsunami Response for Islands: Verification

of a Numerical Procedure," A.C. Vastano and

R.O. Reid, Jour. Marine Res., Vol. 25, No. 2,

May 15, 1967, pp. 129-139.

TEXAS A and M UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Civil Engineering , College Station, Texas 77H^3

Inquiries concerning the following projects and

requests for reprints and technical reports should be

addressed to Dr. John B, Herbich, Prof, and Head,

Hydraulic Engrg. and Fluid Mechanics and Coastal and

Ocean Engrg. Divisions, Texas A and M Univ.

(3086) INVESTIGATION OF DESIGN CRITERIA OF SPUR DIKES.

(See also No. 3086A p. 63)

(b) Texas A and M University.

(c) Dr. John B. Herbich.

(d) Experimental and analytical.

(e) A spur dike has been defined as a projection

extending upstream from bridge abutments.

The project has been divided into five phases:

(1) Literature survey; (2) analytical study;

(3) experimental study in fixed-bed models;

(1+) experimental study in movable-bed models;

(5) review of design criteria for spur dikes.

(f) Phases (l), (3) and (k) completed, phase (2)

re-activated, phase (5) active.

(g) Preliminary investigations Indicate that

properly designed spur dikes produce uniform

velocity between abutments and are extremely

effective in reducing scour at the abutments.

(h) "Prevention of Sco-ur at Bridge Abutments,"

John B. Herbich, Proc, XII Congr. Intl.

Assoc. Hydraulic Res., Vol. 2, Paper B9,

Sept. 1967.

(14-155) WAVE RUN-UP ON COMPOSITE BEACHES.

(See also No. 1H55A, p. 63)

(b) Texas A and M University.

(c) Dr. John B. Herbich; J. Machemehl.

(d) Experimental and analytical.

(e) The objectives are (l) to verify existing

equations for determination of height of wave run-up (2) to determine the limits of application of equations for long beach berms, (3) to develop semi-theoretical equations for wave run-up, and (14-) to compare wave uprush

data obtained in laboratory using wind-generated and mechanically-generated waves. There

appears to be a considerable difference between

uprush values obtained by two different methods

of wave generation.

(f) Parts e(l) and e(2) completed; parts e(3)

and e(l4-) active.

(g) Agreement between equations and experiments is

good for width of berm to wave length ratios

equal to or less than 0.15; for higher values

there is little agreement.

(h) "Effect of Berm on Wave Run-up on Composite

Beaches," John B. Herbich, R.M. Sorensen and

J.H. Willenbrock, Proc. ASCE, Jour. Waterways

and Harbors Div., Paper No. 3526, WW2, May,

1963.

(5552) SCOUR OF FLAT SAND BEACHES DUE TO WAVE ACTION.

(See also No. 5552A, p. 6I4)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

Texas A and M University.

Dr. John E. Herbich; Dr. R.M. Sorenson.

Experimental and theoretical.

Erosion of sand beaches due to oscillatory

water particle motion of non-breaking vaves

is of importance where such a beach is fronted

by a sea wall supported on spread foundation.

Laboratory study was conducted in a two-dimentional wave channel for a Master's thesis.

The comparison between theoretically calculated values and experimental resiilts

indicates fairly good agreement. Model

experiments indicate that depth of scour depends to a large extent on wave character12'4
istics and that scour length (distance betveen

scour troughs or crests) is independent of

time, "but is a function of incident wave length,

(h) "Scour of Flat Sand Beaches Due to Wave Action

in Front of Sea Walls," John B. Herblch, H.D. Murphy and V. Van Weele, Coastal Engrg. , ASCE,

Ch, 29, 1966.

(6398) lARGE-SCAIE ROUGHNESS IN OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Texas A and M University.

(c) Dr. John B. Herbich.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) The most common measures of open-channel roughness, namely Manning's n and Chezy's C, are predicted from experience. The study ranges

from submerged flow in which the height of

roughness elements varied from 0.53 to 1.0

times the depth to submerged flow in which

elements protruded through the surface. The

project has been divided into three phases:

(a) subcritical flow, (b) supercritical flow,

(c) design applications.

(f) Phase (a) completed, phase (b) active,

phase (c) suspended,

(h) "Large-scale Roughness in Open-Channel Flow,"

John B. Herbich, Sam Shulits, Proc. ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Paper klk^, HY6, Nov. 1964.

(6399) TRANSITIONS IN SUPERCRITICAL OPEN CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Texas A and M University.

(c) Dr. John B. Herbich.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) In supercritical open channel flow, changes in

wall direction (or any other disturbance in the

channel) will set up standing waves which may

materially affect the flow profile and the

entire character of the flow. There is a need

for basic information leading to better design

of transitions in supercritical flow. Theoretical analysis of the effects of disturbances

on supercritical flows in an inclined channel

based on the method of characteristics was proposed. The project has been divided into

three phases (a) theoretical analysis, (b)

experimental verification, (c) study of application to open channel design.

(f) Phase (a) completed, phase (b) active, phase

( c ) suspended

.

(h) "Transitions in Supercritical Open-Channel

Flow," Gurmar Bagge, John B. Herbich, Proc,

ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Paper Wo. 5^^7

,

HY5, Sept, 1967.

(SkOO) EFFECT OF ENGINEERING PROJECTS ON QUALITY

CHANGES IN SURFACE WATERS.

(b) Texas A and M University.

(c) Dr. John B. Herbich.

(d) Basic research.

(e) There are many water quality problems which

were either overlooked or considered of no importance in planning many engineering projects in the past. Some of these problems

pertaining to hydraulic engineering are (a)

effect of dams and other barriers, (b) effect

of tidal power plants, (c) effect of underwater dams or sills in a tidal river, (d)

effect of steam electric power plants, etc. Accumulation of information and evaluation of

the effect of engineering works is proposed.

(g) No significant conclusions reached to date.

(h) "Qxmlity Changes in Surface Waters Caused by

Engineering Projects," John B. Herbich, presented at the Intl. Conf. on Water for Peace,

Washington , D . C . , May 1967

.

TEXAS A and M UNIVERSITY, Water Resources Institute,

College Station, Texas TTSI+S

(5478) WATER POLLUTION FROM ERODED SEDIMENTS.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Ernest T. Smerdon, Director, Water Resources

Inst., Texas A and M Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied.

(e) The laboratory study is designed to determine

relationships between sediment transport in

shallow flow, under specialized conditions

where intense rainfall exists, with other

hydraulic variables. Sediments used are glass

beads. The purpose of the research is to develop equations for transport of sediment in

shallow flow with superimposed rainfall. A

primary objective is to be able to predict how

eroded sediment is transported between the

point of origin to deep flowing streams and

the effect of rainfall on this transport

process. The investigations include detailed

studies of turbulence with hot film anemometers.

(g) Rainfall superimposed on shallow flow reduces

the sediment transport capacity of streams

.

Also, the rainfall changes the character of

the turbulence and this, in turn, affects the

sediment transport capacity.

(h) "How Rainfall Affects Shallow Channel Flow,"

L. Joe Glass and Ernest T. Smerdon, Agric.

Engrg., Vol. U-Q, No. 10, 558-559, Oct. I967.

"Effect of Rainfall on the Velocity Profile

in Shallow Flow," L. Joe Glass and Ernest T. Smerdon, Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr., Vol.

10, No. 3, pp. 330-332 and 336, 1967.

(5il79) EFFECT OF SURFACE IRRIGATION HYDRAULICS ON

EFFICIENT APPLICATION OF WATER.

(b) Texas A and M University.

(c) Dr. Ernest T. Smerdon; see (5^78) above.

(d) Laboratory and field investigation; applied

research.

(e) The objectives are to determine the effect of

irrigation stream size, slope, and shape of

irrigated surface, hydraulic roughness of

irrigated surface, and water intake characteristics of soil on irrigation system design for

the most efficient application of water by

surface methods. A current objective is to predict the advance and recession of a furrow

irrigation stream by hydrodynami c routing.

(g) Field measurements indicate that the mass intake rate of irrigation furrows can often be

described by the Kostiakov power equation.

Measurements of the advance positions of

furrow irrigation streams compare well with

the advance positions predicted from either

numerical or exact solutions of the LewisMilne continuity equation for the case when

intake is described by the Kostiakov equation.

A dimensionless graphical representation of

that particular exact solution has been prepared. A method for estimating intake rate

from advance data using that graphical

solution has been developed. A theoretical

and measured relationship between water distribution efficiency and the dynamic nature

of soil infiltration has been demonstrated.

An approximate method for estimating cutback

flow rates necessary to prevent tailwater run- off has been derived.

(h) "Surface Irrigation Water Distribution Efficiency Related to Soil Infiltration." E.T.

125
Smerdon and L.J. Glass. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agrlc. Engr., Vol. 8,, pp. 76-78, 82, I965.

"A Solution of the Irrigation Advance Problem,"

O.C. Wilke and E.T. Smerdon. Jour, of Irr. and

Drain. Div., ASCE, Vol. 89, No. IR3, pp. 23-

3k, Sept. 1965.

{59kO) RESEARCH ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF IN TEXAS.

(b) Water Resources Inst., Texas A and M Univ.

(c) Dr. Robert A. Clark, Dept. of Meteorology,

Texas A and M Univ.

(d) Field and laboratory investigation; applied

research.

(e) An investigation of the rainfall-producing

mechanism and associated hydrologic regime in

Texas . Data obtained from a dense network of

recording and non-recording rain gages will be

correlated with that obtained from a dualfrequency radar system. This information will

then be related to actual data on surface runoff. The network of rain gages is located

over the East Yegua Creek drainage basin, 2^3

sq mi, which is approximately 30 to k'j mi west

of the radar system. In addition, a network

of ho rain gages in an urban area of 7 sq mi

will be used to study precipitation variation

within a small area and the effects of urbanization on surface runoff.

(g) These studies have demonstrated the feasibility

of utilizing weather radar in "real-time" flood

forecasting. Instrumental accuracy of a weather radar for the measurement of the water

concentrations in clouds was investigated also.

The results compare favorably with those from more complicated and somewhat more expensive

techniques

.

(h) "Streamflow Forecasting Based on Statistical

Applications and Measurements Made with Rain

Gage and Weather Radar," Michai;! D. Hudlow,

Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A and M Univ., Aug.

1967.

"Applicability of Radar Observations to the

Prediction of Storm Runoff," Odell M. Johnson,

M.S. Thesis, Texas A and M Univ., May I967.

"On the Feasibility of Precisely Measuring the

Properties of a Precipitating Cloud with a Weather Radar," Robert C. Runnels, Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A and M Univ., Jan. I968.

"A Stochastic Technique for Synthesis of Ho\arly

Precipitation," John P. Huddle, Texas A and M

Univ., May 1967.

(6600) EIiECTROKINETIC REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM

WATER.

(b) Texas A and M University.

(c) Dr. Edward A. Hiler, Asst. Prof., Dept. of

Agricultural Engrg. , Texas A and M Univ.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied.

(e) The purpose of this research is to investigate,

in the laboratory, the electrokinetic removal

of various pollutants from water. The removal

of colloidal clay, bacterial, and pesticidal

pollutants is to be considered. The general

plan of work includes: (l) development of an

optimal electrode arrangement based on results

of theoretical and basic experimental research,

(2) characterization of various contaminants

present in natural waters, and (3) evaluation

of the efficiency of removal of these pollutants by the electrokinetic method. This study

is directed toward a critical evalmtion of the

feasibility of the electrokinetic method in the

field of water supply and pollution control.

(g) The experimental system will be completed by

February, I968. Experimentation and analysis

of data will begin at that time.

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, Hydraulic Engineering Lab.,

Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Austin, Texas 78712

(2161) CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYDRAULIC JUMP AT AN

ABRUPT CHANGE IN BOTTOM ELEVATION.

(b) Univ. of Texas Research Institute and Bureau

of Engineering Research.

(c) Dr. Carl W. Morgan, Assoc. Prof, of Civil

Engrg ., Univ . of Texas

.

(d) Experimental.

(e) Experimental determinations were made of the

flow characteristics at two-dimensional channel

drops and rises. The velocity distribution

and siirface profile were determined throughout

the length of the jump for various relative

changes in bottom elevation. The longitudinal

location of the jump in relation to the change

in bottom elevation was varied over a broad

range in contrast with previous related investigations in which relative location of the jump

was held constant.

(2162) HYDROLOGIC STUDIES, WALLER CREEK WATERSHED.

(b) Cooperative with U.S. Geological Survey.

(c) Dr. Walter L. Moore, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Measurements of rainfall and runoff for a It- square mile and a 2 square mile portion of the

Waller Creek watershed are being made to provide basic information for estimating runoff

from small urban watersheds in the Southwest

area. Two stream flow stations and a rain

gage net are in operation. Studies of the

correlation between runoff, rainfall, and the

characteristics of the drainage basin are being

made by various proposed methods to serve as

a base comparison with the data as It Is collected.

(g) Data has been collected since 1956 by the

U.S.G.S. and for later years is available In special reports listed below. Data has been

used In a number of hydrologic studies and its use will continue.

(h) "Hydrologic Data of Waller Creek, Colorado

River Easln, Texas, I96I, I962, 1963." Geological Survey - Water Resources Div., Surface

Water Branch, Austin District, Austin, Texas. "Compilation of Hydrologic Data, Waller and

Wilbarger Creeks, Colorado River Basin, Texas,

196k." Geological Survey - Water Resources

Div., Austin, Texas. "Compilation of Hydrologic Data, Waller and

Wilbarger Creeks, Colorado River Basin, Texas,

196h." Geological Survey - Water Resources

Div., Austin, Texas.

(2397) EFFECT OF UPSTREAM DEVELOPMENT ON THE RUNOFF

FROM SMA.LL WATERSHEDS IN THE SOUTHWEST.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Walter L. Moore; see (2l62) above.

(d) Field investigation; thesis.

(e) For selected watersheds rainfall-runoff re- lations are being developed on a storm by

storm basis. Mialtlple correlation diagrams,

based on data before changes In the watershed,

have been developed and used to compute runoff

for later periods. Comparison of these com- puted runoff values with meas\ared values is

126
taken as an index of the effect of watershed

development. See also project 5^+56, p. 128.

(g) The first results were not conclusive because

of random error in the computed values.

Further studies are being made with an improved method which better accounts for the

spatial variation of rainfall.

(h) "Multiple Correlation Estimates of Runoff as Effected by Area Distribution of Rainfall,"

Stanley P. Sauer, Hydraulic Engrg. Lab.

Tech. Rept. HYD O3-63OI, June I963.

"Compilation of Hydrologic Data, Mukewater

Creek, Colorado River Basin, Texas, I965,"

U.S. Geological Survey - Water Resources Div.,

Austin, Texas.

(28714-) AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SCOUR RESISTANCE OF

COHESIVE SEDIMENTS.

t) The University of Texas Research Institute,

c) Dr. Frank D. Masch, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Analytical and experimental (laboratory).

(e) Exploratory tests have been made with two

different schemes, one with radially outward

flow between a circular disc and the soil

sample, and one with a submerged vertical

circular jet impinging on a horizontal soil

surface. With the first scheme it was not possible to obtain the necessary precision of

measurement at low scour rates, but with the

second scheme satisfactory measurements were

obtained. A correlation based on dimensional

analysis gave consistent results in evaluating

the relative scour resistance of several

materials. Apparatus has been fabricated for

a new test which permits direct evaluation of

the shear stress at the soil surface. In this

test a cylindrical soil sample is submerged in a transparent concentric cylinder which can be

rotated at a controlled speed to generate a

shear stress on the soil surface. Attempts

are being made to relate the scour resistance

to other measurable soil properties, and

finally to interpret the results in relation

to field observations.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Using test procedures previously developed, a series of tests have been run to determine

the effect of moisture content on the critical

shear stress for Taylor Marl. Tests have

been run at nearly constant degree of satu- ration.

(h) "Measurements of the Shear Resistance of Co- hesive Sediments," F.D. Masch, W.H. Espey and

W.L. Moore, Proc. Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conf., 1963 Agricultural Research

Service Misc. Publ. No. 970, June 1965.

(3522) LONG TIME FLUCTUATIONS IN STREAM RUNOFF.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Carl W. Morgan, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Texas.

(d) Analytical and field study.

(e) Values of runoff from selected drainage areas

in the lower Mississippi River Basin and in

basins of the rivers emptying directly into

the Gvlf of Mexico were studied. Variations

in the runoff values for each stream were considered and these trends compared with

solar variations. The relative sunspot

nurribers were used as the measure of solar

variations and were correlated v/ith the mean annual runoff. Further correlations are being

rriade with different "lag" periods between

solar activity and siorface runoff.

(f) Completed.

(g) The gradual shifting of the centers of runoff

excess and deficiency is consistent rather

than random and appears to represent a gradual

cyclic change in the runoff pattern. It appears that the locations of the centers of

runoff deficiency are following roughly the

same path that they did some 22 to 2k years

previously. Correlation coefficients of

plus 0.2 to plus 0.5 are obtained for selected

rivers in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and

Arkansas when sunspot numbers in the 11-year

sunspot cycle are correlated with runoff.

Texas streams do not give significant corre- lation with the 11-year sunspot cycle but

give better correlation if runoff is compared

with the double sunspot cycle in which sun- spot numbers are assumed as negative in

alternate cycles.

(352it) GROUND WATER FLOW AND SEEPAGE IN NON-HOMOGENEOUS, NON-ISOTROPIC SEDIMENTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Walter L. Moore, Dept. of Civil Engrb,,

The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Theoretical; basic.

(e) A relaxation solution for the Laplace equation

has been developed for application to any

specified non- homogeneous, non-isotropic

media, and programed for the electronic com- puter. Additional work is needed to simulate

certain boundary conditions. It is then

intended that the solutions to select

problems obtained by the computer program

and by electrolytic tank model be compared.

(1+2 31+) EVAPORATION REDUCTION BY CONTROL OF ADVECTED

ENERGY.

(b) Partial sponsorship by the Lower Colorado

River Authority of Texas.

(c) Dr. Walter L. Moore; see (3521+) above.

(d) A Master's thesis involving theoretical and

field investigation.

(e) Measurements have been made to determine the

temperature field in Lake Travis for the

1962-63 season. A method was developed to estimate the effect of withdrawing water

from near the lake surface. Monthly estimates

of the resiilting temperature field and re- duction in evaporation were made.

(1+235) TWO-PHASE FLOW IN CONDUITS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Walter L. Moore; see (3521+) above.

(d) Experimental; Master's thesis.

(e) It is apparent that for a two-phase flow

system with a liquid and gas, many different

types of flow are possible. This investigation explored the use of sound measurements

to detect the type of flow present, in a metal pipe. Various types of flow were established in a thin- walled aluminum pipe, 1.66

I.D., with a transparent plastic section at each end. Records of the sound pattern were made with different pick-ups and correlated

with the visual observation of the flow type.

Magnetic tape records of the sound were also

made.

(g) Study of the recorded sound patterns revealed

some identifiable characteristics related to the type of two-phase flow in the line.

Additional work is needed to refine techniques and try other sound pick-up and re- cording methods.
(14-716) DRAG FORCES IN VELOCITY GRADIENT FIELDS.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch and Dr. Walter L. Moore,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ. of Texas.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) The investigation is being conducted to determine the effect of a velocity gradient on

the local and conventional drag coefficients

for cylinders of varying l/d ratio and at different Reynolds Numbers. The study will

be extended to other shapes.

(f) Completed.

(g) Studies have demonstrated that the velocity

gradient along a cylinder affects the drag

coefficient. The local drag coefficient

decreases along the cylinder in the direction

toward the end of the cylinder where the

velocity is high. The reduction in drag co- efficient is related to a dimensionless

measure of the velocity gradient along the

cylinder. The angle at which separation

occurred was found to increase near the bottom

of the cylinder where the free stream velocity

is low.

(h) "The Influence of Secondary Flows on Drag

Forces," Charles Dalton and Frank D. Masch,

Hydraulic Engrg. Lab. Tech. Rept. No. HYD

014-6503, The Univ. of Texas, July I965.

(14-990) WAVE CHARACTERISTICS IN SHOALING WATER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Theoretical; basic and applied research;

Master's thesis.

(e) This study is to develop a workable method

for computing water wave characteristics in

shoaling water using cnoidal wave theory.

The method involves evaluating the power

transmission for a wave train in shallow

water from cnoidal theory and using the con- cept of constant power between orthogonals on

a refraction diagram. The study has been

expanded to include computation of velocity,

acceleration and pressure fields.

(g) Integrals of the cnoidal functions have been

evaluated in terms of el J.iptic integrals and

computer programs have been developed to

solve the resulting equations.

(h) "Cnoidal Waves in Shallow Water," Frank D. Masch, Chapter I, Proc. Ninth Conf. on Coastal Engrg., Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs.,

Lisbon, Portugal, June I96I4-. "Velocity and Acceleration Fields," C.Y. Lee,

M.S. Thesis, The Univ. of Texas, Axiston, May

1966.

(I4-991) LOCAL SCOUR IN CHANNELS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch and Dr. Walter L. Moore,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied research.

(e) This project is designed to investigate the

characteristics of the three dimensional

flow patterns at channel obstructions and to study the extent to which these flows affect

local scoxir. It is believed tb^t a more

thorough understanding of the fundamentals

of the flow at an obstruction would provide

the basis to devise methods for controlling

scour. The nature of scour at culverts is

also under consideration with efforts being

devoted to develop methods for dissipating

energy and reducing local scours

.

(f) Suspended.

(h) "The Influence of Secondary Flows in Local

Scoxjr at Obstructions in Channels," W.L. Moore and Frank D. Masch, Proc. Fed. Inter- Agency Sedimentation Conf., 1963, Agricultural

Research Service, Misc. Publ. No. 970, June

1965.

(5I+55) HYDROLOGY OF SMALL URBAN WATERSHEDS.

(b) Bureau of Engineering Research, Texas Water

Commission.

(c) Dr. Carl W. Morgan, and Dr. Frank D. Masch,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Field investigation, basic research.

(e) Data from selected watersheds have been

collected. These are being studied to evaluate the effects of urbanization on the

hydrologic characteristics of the watersheds.

(g) For the Waller Creek Watersheds, Austin,

Texas, preliminary results indicate that

because of approximately twice as high percent

of impervious cover in the lower part it

produced yields per unit area approaching

twice that of the upper area.

(h) "A Study of Some Effects of Urbanization on Storm Runoff from a Small Watershed," W.A. Espey, Jr., Ph.D. Dissertation, The Univ. of

Texas, August 1965-

"A Study of Some Effects of Urbanization on Storm Runoff from a Small Watershed," W.A. Espey, Jr., C.W. Morgan and F.D. Masch,

Hydra\ilic Engineering Lab. Tech. Rept. No. HYD 07-6501, The Univ. of Texas, July I965.

(514-56) MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR RELATING RUNOFF TO

RAINFALL.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. Walter L. Moore, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Doctoral thesis based on computer analysis of

field data.

(e) The study was originally based on multiple

correlation analysis of individual storms to obtain storm runoff. The procedure utilized

both the temporal and spatial variation of

rainfall on the watershed and gave good

results for any number of complex storms. The work at present is directed toward

application of the Stanford watershed model

and developing an improved method to simulate

the infiltration and soil moisture accounting

portions of the model.

(g) Good results were obtained by the multiple

correlation method for predicting runoff

hydrographs for individual storms. The

Stanford watershed model has been translated

into a Fortran program for the CDC 66OO com- puter and limited runs have checked the output. Modifications to the program will be

made as improved concepts for simulating

infiltration and soil moisture accoxmting

are developed.

(h) "The Synthesis of Storm Runoff Hydrographs

from Unsteady Non-Uniform Rainfall," C.L. Smith, Ph.D. Dissertation, The Univ. of

Texas, I965.

(514-57) A NEW TYPE ENERGY DISSIPATOR FOR CULVERT

OUTLETS

.

(b) Texas Highway Dept. and U.S. Bureau of Public

Roads

.

(c) Dr. Walter L. Moore; see (51456) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical thesis work.

(e) A study is being made of a culvert energy

dissipator based on the use of a sector of a

128
(5^58)

(^>)

(o)

(d)

(e)

(h)

circular hydraulic Jump. Apparent advantages

of the device are the stability of the jump over a range of discharge and tailwater

conditions and the opportunity to spread the

culvert discharge "back to the original stream

width. Problems of practical geometry have

been explored and initial designs developed for

a structure that performs well for a considerable range of tailwater conditions. The structure is adaptable for lise either at the

outlet of a box culvert or a circular pipe

c\ilvert

.

"A Radial Flow Energy Dissipator for Culvert

Outlets," Raymundo Aguirre, Ph.D. Dissertation,

Jan. 1968, The Univ. of Texas.

"An Energy Dissipator for Culvert Outlets

Incorporating Radial Flow and a Transverse

Sill," Robert Randle Wear, M.S. Thesis, Jan.

1968, The Univ. of Texas. SEDIMENTATION IN GALVESTON-TRINITY BAYS.

Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission and

Department

.

Dr. Frank D. Masch, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Texas. Experimental, field; applied research.

Field investigation to determine the currents, sources of sediment, and sediment movement in

Galveston and Trinity Bays, and to determine

the effect they may have on the dredging of

mudshell, oysters and oyster production.

"Progress Report on Current and Sediment

Movement in Galveston-Trinity Bays," Frank D. Masch, Hydraulic Engrg. Lab. Rept. No. HYD

06-6501, The Univ. of Texas, Jan. 1965-

"Shell Dredging as a Factor in Estuarine

Sedimentation," Frank D. Masch, Specialty Conf. on Coastal Engrg., Santa Barbara, Calif., Amer.

Soc. Civil Engrs., Chapter 25, Oct. I965.

"Shell Dredging - A Factor in Sedimentation in

Galveston Bay," Frank D. Masch and W.H. Espey,

Jr., Hydraulic Engrg. Tech. Rept. No. HYD

06-6702, The Univ. of Texas, Nov. I967.

( 5^+59 ) FINITE-AMPLITUDE GRAVITY WAVES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. L.R. Mack, Dept. of Engrg. Mechanics,

Univ. of Texas.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) In order to obtain better quantitative agreement with the experimental frequency determinations of Fultz and of Edge, the analytical

solutions for two-dimensional standing waves

have been carried to the fifth order in

amplitude. Velocity distribution, free-surface

configuration, frequency of oscillation and

energy of the wave motion are determined.

(f) Completed.

(g) Surface configuration, frequency of oscillation,

maximum amplitude, and the division of energy

have been investigated. For a certain range

of depths the oscillation exhibits "hardspring" behavior for small amplitudes and

soft-spring behavior for larger amplitudes.

Close correlation is noted between soft- spring

behavior of the frequency and the mean potential

energy being greater than the mean kinetic

energy. More accurage evaluation has been made

of Bessel-function integrals needed in studies

of axisymmetric gravity waves.

(h) "On the Maximum Amplitude of Periodic Gravity

Waves," Benny E. Jay, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of

Texas, June 1966,

"The Partition of Energy in Standing Gravity

Waves of Finite Amplitude," Lawrence R. Mack

and Benny E. Jay, Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 573-581, Jan. 15, 1967.

"Bessel-Function Integrals Needed for Two Classes of Physical Problems," Charles E. McQueary and Lawrence R. Mack, Mathematics

of Computation, Vol. 21, No. 99, pp. kl^-klT

,

July 1967.

"standing Gravity Waves of Finite Amplitude,"

in Developments in Theoretical and Appl.

Mechanics, Vol. 3j Pergamon Press, pp. 69I712, 1967 or 1968.

(•^hSO) WIND WAVE OVERTOPPING OF SHORELINE STRUCTURES.

(b) Bureau of Engrg. Research, Univ. of Texas.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Texas.

(d) Experimental; thesis.

(e) This study is designed to compare overtopping

from wind waves with that predicted from

criteria based on uniform wave trains. Overtopping is being measured under varying wind

and wave conditions. Particular study is

being given to beach geometry immediately in

the front of the structure and its effect on overtopping rates.

(g) Results obtained to date show that the greater

the depth of water at the wall, the greater

the overtopping rates . The offshore beach

profiles appear to have little or no effect

on overtopping from wind generated waves.

(5'+6l) ANALYSIS OF UNIT HYDROGRAPHS FOR SMALL WATERSHEDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Carl W. Morgan, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Field investigation; thesis.

(e) Characteristic, two-hour unit hydrographs

were determined for each of three selected

watersheds. The derived dimenslonless hydrograph shapes were compared with two widelyused empirical hydrographs. Techniques were studied for using the S-curve hydrograph

as an aid in estimating the correct duration

of rainfall excess by selecting that duration

which caused the least fluctuation in the S- curve

.

(g) The dimensionless 2 hour unit hydrographs

developed in this study indicate that the

falling limbs of the Commons and Mockus

hydrograph shapes may need revision in order

to be applied to watersheds of less than 100

square miles in area. However, these differences are only minor suggesting that an average dimensionless graph and reliable

estimates of only two parameters, period of

rise and peak discharge may be sufficient to define the shape of the unit hydrograph.

Results indicate the S-curve can be used to estimate by trial and error the rainfall

excess duration if rainfall data is not available

.

(5953) MIXING AND DISPERSION OF CONTAMINANTS IN RESERVOIRS

.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch; see (5'+6o) above.

(d) Basic and applied research; field investigation.

(e) This investigation has been undertaken to study the mixing and dispersion of contami- nants in inland fresh waters. The study

includes an investigation of the effects of

currents, turbulent wave action, and periodic

overturning on the disposition of waste

129
materials discharged into reservoirs and

lakes. The stability effects of temperature

and density gradients within the receiving

waters are also being determined. Mixing

processes in both deep and shallow water

reservoirs are being studied in the field,

(h) "Field Investigation of Mixing and Dispersion

in a Deep Reservoir," Joe R. Wilson and Frank

D. Masch, Hydraulic Engrg. Tech. Rept. No. HYD 10-6701, The Univ. of Texas, June 196?.

(595^^) physical exchange characteristics of TEXAS

BAYS.

(b) Center for Research in Water Resources Project.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch; see {'ykSo) above.

(d) Analytical; field investigation; applied

research.

(e) To evaluate the assimilative capacity of Texas

Gulf Coast Bays, studies are being carried out

to determine a mathematical model which is

descriptive of the mixing, dispersive and

exchange characteristics of these bays. Pre- liminary analysis has proceeded on the basis

of a modified tidal prism exchange model.

Steps are now under way to improve this type

model.

(h) "Estimates of Physical Exchange in Galveston

Bay," Lloyd V. Urban, M.S. Thesis, The Univ.

of Texas, Aug. I966. "Return Flows - Impact on Texas Bays System,

Frank D. Masch, et al., Bryant - Currington

Technical Rept. to Texas Water Development

Board, January I966.

(5955) PERFORMANCE OF CIRCULAR CULVERTS ON STEEP

GRADES.

(b) Texas Highway Department.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch; see (5^+60) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical research.

(e) This study is concerned with the behavior of

the hydraulic jxmip in circular broken-back

culverts. Of particular concern are the

conditions under which a jump will form in the

culvert. The study is also concerned with

methods to insure that the jump forms in the

culvert

.

(h) "Performance of Culverts on Steep Grades,"

Bobby Earl Price, Ph.D. Dissertation, The Univ.

of Texas, Aug. 196?.

(5956) SPILLWAY MODEL STUDIES - TOLEDO BEND DAM.

(b) Forrest and Cotton Consulting Engineers.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch and Dr. Walter L. Moore,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Applied research; laboratory investigation.

(e) Model studies on the spillway section of the

Toledo Bend Dam were carried out for the

purpose of determining the hydraulic performance characteristics of the spillway

section of the dam including stilling basin

effectiveness, flow behavior in the upstream

and downstream channels, and gate operating

sequence for a range of discharges including

the normal flood, the design flood, and the

maximum probable flood.

(h) "Model Studies - Toledo Bend Dam," Walter L. Moore and Frank D. Masch, Hydraulic Engrg.

Lab. Tech. Rept. No. HYD O8-65OI, The Univ.

of Texas, Oct. I965.

(6180) TEMPERATURE FIELDS IN STRATIFIED RESERVOIRS.

(b) Cooperative laboratory project with the Texas

Electric Service Company.

(c) Dr. Walter L. Moore, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Applied research; laboratory investigation.

(e) The temperature field in a stratified

reservoir may be influenced by such factors as, temperature and amount of heated inflow,

location of inflow, location of outflow, heat

input through surface radiation, and wind shear

applied at the surface. A generalized laboratory model 8 feet long and a foot wide is

being constructed in which these factors can

be individually controlled. The temperature

field and its change with time will be measured

by 100 thermistors located at selected points

throughout the model. The model is designed

to explore the relative effect of the various

factors controlling the temperature field

rather than to simulate any specific field

conditions. An effort will be made to compare

results obtained by computer simulation with

those from the model.

(6181) SPILLWAY MODEL STUDIES - DE CORDOVA BEND DAM.

(b) Brazos River Authority and Emmerson Engineering

Company.

(c) Dr. Frank Masch, Dr. Walter L. Moore and Dr. Carl W. Morgan, Dept. of Civil Engrg., The

University of Texas.

(d) Applied research; laboratory investigation.

(e) Model studies were made on the outlet works

for the De Cordova Bend Dam to obtain the

design solutions for a critical flow problem.

After important modifications to the design

including lowering the apron floor, important

improvements were obtained.

(h) "Model Studies De Cordova Bend Dam Outlet

Works Energy Dissipator," Frank D. Masch,

Carl W. Morgan and Walter L. Moore, March

1967.

(6182) DISPERSION IN SHALLOW ESTUARIES OF IRREGULAT

SHAPE.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

The Univ. of Texas.

(d) Analytical and experimental research.

(e) This research involves the development and

verification of a numerical model to evaluate

transport characteristics in shallow vertically mixed estuaries of arbitrary shape.

The model is designed to assist in developing

water quality requirements and assimilative

capabilities of estuaries typical of those

found along the Gulf Coast of the United

States. The study includes adaptation of an

existing numerical model of the two-dimensional,

time dependent convective dispersion equation

and the evaluation of dispersion coefficients

from graphical and analytical considerations of

the scale of turbulence and circulation in the

estuary.

(6183) RELATION OF PASSES ON PHYSICAL EXHANGE AND

SALINITY IN ESTUARIES.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research and Texas

Water Development Board.

(c) Dr. Frank D. Masch; see (6182) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical research.

(e) Most of the estuaries along the Texas Gulf

Coast are separated from the Gulf of Mexico

by a long thin chain of offshore or barrier

islands. The exchange between gulf and bay

waters takes place through a few natural

and artificial passes through the barrier

islands. It is the principle objective of

this proposed project to determine whether

130
the physical exchange of waters between the

bays and gulf can be increased by either

dredging new passes, or by enlarging existing passes through th._ barrier islands. In

particular, the effects of modifications or additions of passes on the volume of physical

exchange, the degree of mixing, and on salinity

gradients is to be determined.

(GlQk) NATURAL COKVECTIOM WITHIN ENCLOSED SPACES.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

Laboratory project.

Dr. L.R. Mack, Dept. of Engrg. Mechanics, The

Univ. of Texas. Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

Velocity and temperature distributions and

heat transfer.

Visual studies of flow patterns and measure- ments of temperature profiles and overall heat

transfer have been made for concentric spheres

with air in the "amulus". Analytical solutions valid for convection between concentric

cylinders and that between concentric spheres.

Numerical solution for the case of concentric

spheres is now underway.

"Convective Heat Transfer Between Concentric

Spheres," E.H. Bishop, R.S. Kolflat, L.R. Mack, and J.A. Scanlan, Proc. Il6k Heat

Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Inst., Stanford

Univ. Press, pp. 69-80, 196k.

"Photographic Studies of Convection Patterms

between Concentric Spheres," E.H. Bishop, R.S. Kolflat, L.R. Mack, and J.A. Scanlan, Soc

.

Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engrs. Jour.,

Vol. 3, Mo. 2, pp. hl-k}, Dec. 1^6k - Jan.

1965. "Heat Transfer by Natural Convection Between

Concentric Spheres," E.H. Bishop, L.R. Mack

and J. A. Scanlan, Intl. Jour, of Heat and

Mass Transfer, Vol. 9, pp. 614-9-662, July I966.

"Natural Convection Within Enclosed Spaces,"

L.R. Mack, Proc. Symp. on Solid and Fluid

Mechanics, p. 8, May I967 (abstract).

TRACOR, INC ., 627 Lofstrand Lane, Rockville, Md. 2085O

(6121) AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE MEASURED WALL PRESSURE FIELD UNDER SUPERSONIC TURBULENT BOUNDARY

LAYERS.

(c)

(d)

(e)

if)

(g)

NASA Langley Research Center.

Roy Whymark, Director, Applied Physics,

TRACOR, Inc. Theoretical; applied research.

Provide a physical interpretation of the

structure of supersonic turbulent wall pressure field. Analyze the available wall pressure data on scaling laws derived from the new interpretation of the turbulent pressure

field.

Completed.

The turbulent wall pressure field under supersonic shear layers is analyzed in the light of

a new theory of wall turbulence developed by

the author. The theory asserts that the tur- bulent transfer of mass, heat, momentum and

energy within the boundary layer are essen- tially effected within discrete, horseshoevortex structures which are generated and

maintained by powerful, localized non-linear

instabilities within the sublayer and which

move downstream over the wall in a characteristic, q^uasifrozen , spatial array. In particular, the theory explains the generation of tur- bulent shear stress in terms of the dynamic

(h)

interaction between these vortex systems and

the basic shear flow through which they move.

It further suggests that the turbulent wall

pressure field is an essential and integral

part of the turbulent shear stress mechanism

and hence provides a new analytical basis for

the study of bouadary layer noise.

On the basis of this theory, new scaling laws are proposed for the turbulent wall pressure

field under subsonic and supersonic layers.

These laws feature different scaling parameters

for high and low frequency portions of the

spectra and indicate the effect of pressure

gradients on the spectra.

"An Analytical Study of Measured Wall Pressure

Field Under Supersonic Turbulent Boundary

Layers," T.J. Black, TRACOR Document No. RL/67-O7O-U, Oct. 1967.

TRW SYSTEMS GROUP, Engineering Mechanics Lab . Space Park, Redondo Beach, Calif. 90278One

(6290)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

if)

(g)

(h)

(6291)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

SONAR DOME STUDY. Anti-Submarine Warfare Systems Project, Dept.

of the Navy.

Dr. C.T. Molloy and Dr. G.C.K. Yeh, TRW Systems.

Theoretical; applied research.

Studies of uniform and nonuniform radiation

from a spherical transducer through sea water

and a concentric viscoelastic thick spherical

shell to sea water. Completed.

Depending on the resonance characteristics of

the dome and fluid media, the presence of the

dome causes an amplification of fluid pressure

and velocity for certain radiation frequencies

and causes a reduction of fluid pressure and

velocity for other radiation frequencies.

Numerical solution for the nonuniform radiation

problem enables one to determine the effect of

the dome upon the directivity pattern of the

transducer and the effect of the dome upon the

transducer velocity pattern when it is producing a prescribed pressure field.

"Radiation Through Thick Shells - I,"C.T.

Molloy and G.C.K. Yeh, Kept. No. O8i+15-o009-

ROOO, TRW Systems, July 196?.

"Uniform Spherical Radiation Throiagh Thick

Shells," C.T. Molloy and G.C.K. Yeh, presented

at 73rd Meeting, Acoustical Soc. of Amer., 21

April 1967, New York, N.Y. and submitted to

Jour. Acoustical Soc. of Amer. for publication.

"Radiation Through Thick Shells - II, "G.C.K. Yeh and C.T. Molloy, Report No. 08ill5-6090-

ROOO, TRW Systems, Nov. I967.

"Nonuniform Spherical Radiation Through Thick

Shells," G.C.K. Yeh and C.T. Molloy, presented

at 7'+"th Meeting, Acoustical Soc. of Amer.,

16 Nov. 1967, Miami Beach, Fla. , and to be

submitted to Jour. Acoust. Soc. Amer. for

publication.

LIQUID SLOSHING STUDIES.

U.S. Air Force and National Aeronautics and

Space Administration.

Dr. P.G. Bhuta, TRW Systems.

Theoretical; applied research.

Extensive studies on various aspects of the

free and forced motions of a liquid partially

filling a rigid or flexible tank.

Results of the studies enable one to estimate

the forces, moments and draining characteristics in fuel tanks of missiles and spacecraft

131
due to sloshing motions of fuel,

(h) In addition to the over 20 reports on this

subject listed in "Engineering Mechanics

Reports," Revised Edition, Engrg. Mechanics

Lab,, TRW Systems, Redondo Beach, Calif.

(1965) (most of which have been published in

technical Journals) typical recent outputs

under this effort include:

"Coupled Oscillations of a Liquid with a Free

Surface in a Tank Having a Flexible Bottom,"

P.G. Bhuta and L.R. Koval, Jour. Appl. Mathematics and Physics (ZAM>), Vol. 15, No. 5, Oct, 196i4-, pp. k66-k80.

"Liquid Sloshing in a Moving Tank with a Time

Dependent Discontinuous Boundary," G.C.K. Yeh, Proc. Ninth Midwestern Mechanics Conf .

, Univ.

of Wisconsin, I965, PP- 265-276.

"Propellant Slosh Loads," R.E. Hutton and P.G.

Bhuta, prepared for NASA-Langley under Contract

ms 7-3h6, EM 15-10, TRW Systems, I965.

"Sloshing of a Liquid in Connected Cylindrical

Tanks Owing to U-Tube Free Oscillations,"

G.C.K, Yeh, Jour, Acoiost, Soc. Amer,, Vol, kO,

1966, pp. 807-812.

(6292) FLUID MECHANICS AT LOW GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT.

(b) Laboratory project and National Aeronautics

and Space Administration.

(c) Dr. G.C.K. Yeh, TRW Systems.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Several aspects of static and dynamic phenom- mena of a liquid under strong capillary and

weak gravity conditions have been investigated.

(f) Completed.

(g) Results of the studies enable one to determine

the effects of surface tension, curved free

surface and contact angle on sloshing problems

in missiles and spacecraft.

(h) "Fluid Mechanics at Low Gravity Environments,"

G.C.K. Yeh and R.E. Hutton, Em TRW

Systems, I965.

"Sloshing of a Liquid in a Draining or Filling

Tank under Variable G Conditions," P.G. Bhuta

and L.R. Koval, Proc. AFOSR-Lockheed Symp. on Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer under Low G

Conditions, Palo Alto, Calif., I965.

"static Configuration of the Liquid-Vapor

Interface in an Axisymmetric Tank in Various

Gravitational Fields," G.C.K. Yeh and R.E. Hutton, Proc. Ninth Midwestern Mechanics Conf.,

The Univ. of Wisconsin, I965, pp. 29I-3O3.

"A Direct Solution for Capillary-Gravity Waves

in a Cylindrical Tank," L.R. Koval and P.G.

Bhuta, Proc. Ninth Midwestern Mechanics Conf.,

The Univ. of Wisconsin, I965, pp. 277-303.

"Free and Forced Oscillations of a Liquid in an Axisymmetric Tank at Low Gravity Environments," G.C.K. Yeh, Jour. Appl. Mechanics,

Vol. 3^^, 1967, pp. 23-28.

"Forced Oscillations of a Liquid in a Cylindrical Tank at Low Gravity Environments,

G.C.K. Yeh, EM 16-8, TRW Systems, I966.

(6293) DYNAMICS OF A DIELECTRIC LIQUID IN AN ELECTRICAL FIELD.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. L.R. Koval, TRW Systems.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Studies on the dynamic of a dielectric liquid

(f) completed.

(g) The phenomena of dielectrophoresis can be

applied to liquid orientation and slosh con- trol in missiles and spacecraft.

(h) "Dynamics of a Cryogenic Liquid in an Electric

Field," L.R. Koval and P.G. Bhuta, presented

at 1966 Cryogenic Engrg. Conf., Boulder

Colo., TRW Systems, I966.

"Slosh Control by Dielectrophoresis," L.R. Koval and P.G. Bhuta, Proc. Inst, of Enviromental Sciences, 1966.

(61t-8l) UNIFORM EXPANSION OF A SPHERICAL PISTON IN AN IDEAL COMPRESSIBLE FLUID.

(b) U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

(c) Dr. G.C.K. Yeh, TRW Systems.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Analysis of the pressure wave surrounding a sphere expanding with constant velocity in an

ideal compressible fluid.

(f) Completed.

(g) The nonlinear equations of motion and con- tinuity are solved nimierically between the

expanding sphere and shock wave. Numerical

results for water are presented and compared

with those according to the incompressible

flow theory and the theory of sound.

(h) "Uniform Expansion of a Spherical Piston in an Ideal Compressible Flmd, " G.C.K. Yeh, Proc. Fourth U.S. Natl. Congr. Appl. Mechanics

1962, pp. 11+31-11+39.

UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY, College of Engrg., Utah

Water Research Lab ., Logan, Utah 81+321

(3183) DYNAMICS OF FLOW IN STEEP, ROUGH, OPEN

CHANNELS.

(b) Laboratory and field projects; National

Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Dean F. Peterson, Dean of Engrg., Utah

State Univ.

(d) Experimental, theoretical, field investigation

basic research for doctoral theses.

(e) A basic study of relationships involved in

flow in steep, rough channels where the roughness is relatively an appreciable part of the

depth, and where channels are sufficiently

steep or steeper than a slope such that supercritical flow can occur in connection with

contractions caused by the roughness. The

work is basic; however, it will have application to steep mountain streams and to hydralic structures.

The objective of the work is to relate descriptive parameters describing the size and

configuration of the bed roughness to slope,

depth and discharge of channels of this class.

Studies began using simple bar and cube

elements and have progressed through the use

of beds formed by gluing natural gravel

elements of various size, gradation and intensity to the bed. Nineteen field sites have

been installed in streams, principally in

northern Utah in the Wasatch Mountains , but

also in New Mexico and Colorado. Piezometric

type stilling wells have been installed at thirteen sites and discharge and depth measured. Bed element distribution and size have

been studied at all sites. Collection of

field data has been completed and analysis is

continioing. A laboratory flume study using

natural gravel elements glued to the bed, with

water as the fluid, was completed. The flume

study is being continued using the same beds

only in a mirrored effect to eliminate the

free surface influence, with air as the fluid.

(f) Completed.

(g) In the flume studies, discharge and slope were varied and depth was measured for each

132
of the ten teds. Two sizes of material with

five different spacings for each size were

used. Experimental results show a continuous

change in relative dominance of the factors

of gross velocity variation and turbulent mixing as the kineticity and relative depth

changes. Six flow zones defined by Froude

number and relative depth were suggested. It was not practical to develop a single equation

to describe a conductance coefficient, C/g '

, to cover all ranges of flow, but one equation

for each zone is proposed. C is from Chezy's

equation and is based on a rotighness spacing

parameter, roi;ghness height, and depth of

flow. A measure for describing spacing was developed and a method of field application

is also discussed,

(h) "The Dynamics of Turbulent Flow in Steep,

Rough, Open Channels," P.K. Mohanty, MS Thesis,

Utah State Univ., 1959-

"Flume Studies of Flow in Steep, Rough, Open

Channels," D.F. Peterson, Jr. and P.K. Mohanty,

Utah State Univ., I960.

"A Study of Bed Characteristics in Rela,tion to Flow in Rough, High-Gradient Natural Channels,"

Harl E. Judd, Ph.D. Thesis, Utah State Univ.,

1963.

"Relation Between the Bed Pavement and the

Hydraulic Characteristics of High Gradient

Channels in Non-Cohesive Sediments," Davoud

Hariri, Ph.D. Thesis, Utah State Univ., 196k.

"Flume Study of the Effect of Concentration

and Size Roughness Elements on Flow in HighGradient Natural Channels," M.W. Abdelsalam,

Ph.D. Thesis, Utah State Univ., I965.

"Flume Studies of Flow in Steep, Rough, Open

Channels," D.F. Peterson, Jr. and P.K. Mohanty,

Jour. Hydraulics Div. Proc. ASCE, Vol. 86, No. HY9, pp. 55-76, Paper 2653, Nov. I96O.

530) WATER REQUIREMENTS OF MARSHLANDS.

(b) Utah State Fish and Game Dept.

(c) Prof. Jerald E. Christiansen, Prof, of Civil

and Irrigation Engrg., and Dr. Jessop B. Low,

Leader, Utah Cooperative Wildlife Research

Unit, Wildlife Resources, Utah State Univ.

(d) Field investigations; applied research;

Master's thesis.

(e) Large areas of marshy lands adjacent to Great

Salt Lake have been developed and improved by

the State Fish and Game Dept., and the Federal

Wildlife Service, as Migratory Bird Refuges.

Available stream flow from several of the

major streams which flow into these areas is

impounded behind dikes to create habitats

suitable for nesting, feeding, and resting of

water fowl. Millions of ducks and geese

utilize this area each year during their

migratory flights.

Completed.

The basic purpose of the study was to determine

the quantities of water necessary for marshlands in order to maintain them in a productive state. Eight progress reports have been written.

Three M.S. theses and one Ph.D. dissertation

have been completed. Final report is in

manuscript form, and has been submitted to Utah State Fish and Game Dept. for publication.

WATERSHED MODEL STUDIES.

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture

.

(c) Dr. Calvin G. Clyde, Asst. Director, Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(f)

(g)

(h)

(d) Experimental; basic research for Master's

and Doctoral theses.

(e) The purpose is to establish techniques and

model-prototype laws so that watersheds can

be intensively studied in a laboratory. A

small watershed has been modeled. A rainfall

simulator has been constructed for which

design or actual rainfall events can be

programmed to occur automatically over the

model. The dominant factors Influencing the

characteristic shape of the run-off hydrography are being studied. Initial efforts

have been aimed at determining effect on modeling relationships resulting from changes

in the physical properties of water- chemical

mixtures losed in the rainfall simulator. Test runs are being made using a physical

model with an impervious surface. Subsequent

tests will incorporate the relationship

between infiltration and run-off by providing

for permeability changes in the model.

(g) Satisfactory mechanical performance and

electronic control has been achieved. Verification tests to date are highly encouraging.

Experimental tests are continuing.

(h) "Construction, Instrumentation, and Preliminary Verification of a Physical Hydrologic

Model," Donald L. Chery, Jr., Utah Water

Research Lab. and Agricultural Research

Service, U.S.D.A., 152 pp., J\aly I965.

(5130) FARM IRRIGATION STRUCTURES.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Mr. Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Research Project

Engr., Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State

Univ.

(d) Library research combined with design analysis.

(e) A compilation of the material pertaining to the design of small irrigation structures

that would be found on a farm. Will also

determine gaps in information which vlH

require additional research.

A STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND EDDY DIFFUSIVITY

OF TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS IN ROUGH OPEN

CHANNELS.

Laboratory project.

Dr. Calvin G. Clyde, Asst. Director, Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The objectives of the project are: (l) to

describe the structure of the txn-bulent shear

flows in rough open channels; (2) to see if

local Isotrophy exists in the turbulence \mder

study; and (3) to Investigate the relationship of the structure of the turbulence to the process of diffusion in the flow. The

experimental studies have been conducted in a

3 foot flume artificially roughened on the

bottom with expanded metal mesh. A total head

tube with barium titanate as the piezoelectric

sensor has been used to measure turbulent

velocity fluctuations in the direction of the mean flow. The signal was analyzed with a random signal indicator and correlator, a

delay line, and a spectrum analyzer. Measurements were made at a section where the boundary

layer growth had reached the free surface and

the flow was essentially two dimensional.

(f) Completed.

(g) In the outer region of fully developed tur- bulent flow in the rough open channel, the wave number at which the transition between

locally isotropic and anisotropic turbulence

(5131)

(c)

133
occurs is independent of Reynolds Number, but

varies inversely with the depth of flow. Even

in fully developed turbulent flow, local isotropy does not exist near the bed in the presence of steep mean velocity gradients. Hence,

the concept of local isotropy is inadequate

for obtaining the distribution of the rate of

dissipation of energy, notwithstanding its use

to evaluate the local rate in the outer region.

The structure of the turbulence in the flows

studied has been described in terms of longitudinal macroscale and microscale, relative

intensity, and energy spectrum. The channel

roughness has only an indirect influence on

the structure of turbulence by transforming

the flow into fully developed turbulent flow

at a lower Reynolds Number. A procedure has

been developed for estimating the statistical

characteristics of the turbulence in fully

developed turbulent shear flow in channels

from a knowledge of the mean flow quantities,

(h) "A Study of the Structure of Shear Turbulence

in Free Surface Flows," M.V. Rao, Ph.D. Thesis,

Utah State Univ., I965.

(5133) UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY STILLING BASIN FOR PIPE

TO OPEN CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project,

(c) Mr. Gaylord V. Skogerboe; see (513O) above,

(d) Experimental research for M.S. theses.

(e) The objective of this study is to find an economical and effective means of energy

dissipation at the transition of pipe flow

to open channel flow.

(f) Completed.

(g) An effective design has been found involving

a short dissipator pipe placed on the opposite wall of the stilling basin from the

inflow pipe. The best ratios have been found

for: the dissipator pipe diameter to inflow

pipe diameter, length of dissipator pipe to inflow pipe diameter, slit width to inflow

pipe diameter, and center line offset to the

inflow pipe diameter. The second MS thesis

is studying the effect of changing the

inlet pipe diameter and the inlet pipe

velocity on the most efficient design described above.

(h) Two M.S. theses have been completed.

(sis'*-) FREE SURFACE EFFECTS ON THE DRAG OF A HEMI- SPHERE ON A BOUNDARY, IN VELOCITY GRADIENT

FLOW.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Gordon H, Flammer, Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental work leading to

a doctoral dissertation.

(e) The objectives of this study were to: (l)

study the relative effects of the Froxjide num- ber and the Reynolds number for various relative submergences of an isolated hemisphere in

open channel flow; (2) to correlate the total

drag coefficient with the Froude number and

Reynolds n\xmber with calcxolations based upon

flow conditions measured with the hemisphere

in place, and with the hemisphere removed; (3)

correla,tion of wave drag coefficient with

Froude number for flow conditions measured as

in part 1 involving evaluation of the wave

drag and the wave drag coefficient in correlation of the wave drag with the Froude number;

and (h) analysis of the overall wave patterns

and their effect on the drag.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Free Stirface Effects on the Drag of a Hemisphere on a Boundary in Velocity Gradient

Flow," James P. Txallis, Ph.D. Dissertation,

Utah State Univ., I966.

(5114-0) ELECTRONIC ANALOG MODEL STUDIES OF RIVER

BASINS.

(b) Soil Conservation Serv., U.S. Dept. of Agric.

(c) Dr. Jay M. Bagley, Director, Utah Water

Research Lab., Utah State Urtiv. (d) Experimental.

(e) An electronic analog model of a river basin

is being constructed. The basic hydrologic

processes of precipitation, snowmelt, sur- face and subsurface runoff, groundwater

storage and movement, evapotranspiration,

streamflow, etc. have been modeled electronically. Model will be used to predict performance of vario-us parts of hydrologic

system resiilting from proposed water management

and developing changes

.

(f) Completed.

(g) The completed analog model is being effectively utilized in the Sevier River Investigations of the Soil Conservation Service.

(h) "The Development of an Electronic Analog Device

for Hydrologic Investigations and Conservation

Planning in the Sevier River Basin," J.M. Bagley, J,P, Riley, and E.K. Israelsen, Utah

Water Research Lab,, Utah State Univ.

(3hh2) EVAPORATION AND CLIMATIC STUDIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Joel E. Fletcher, Utah Water Research

Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Evaporation from land, snow, and water sxarfaces constitutes the principal losses of water to the United States. The investigation of

factors which affect the quantity, quality and

timing of these losses from a climatic standpoint are being investigated in order to assist

in the more precise formulation of plans of

water utilization.

(f) Suspended.

(g) On the basis of dendroclimatic records, it

appears that many of Utah's irrigation projects have been designed on the basis of a

short, wet cycle.

{•yhk3) MICROCLIMATIC HYDROLOGY

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Joel E. Fletcher; (see 'yk-k2) above.

(d) Experimental and field investigation; applied

research.

(e) Methods for evaluating and measuring the

microclimatic factors associated with water

supply and use are being investigated.

(f) Suspended.

(•ihkG) THEORY OF INFILTRATION AND FLUID MOVEMENT IN UNSATURATED POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Calvin G. Clyde, Asst. Director, Utah

Water Research, Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical, experimental; basic research,

applied research.

(e) To develop mathematical relationships ex- pressing the phenomena of infiltration.

Primary interest is the infiltration of water

into the soil. F-urther development is to extend the developed theory to other fluid and

media.

To develop mathematical relationships expressing the fluid movement in unsaturated porous

13^
media. Primary interest is the movement of

water in unsaturated soil. To evaluate the validity and applicability of

the relationships developed from the mathematical analysis hy field and laboratory tests.

(f) Discontinued.

(g) Improvements have been made on the developed

eq.uations and the solutions.

(h) "One Dimensional Infiltration into Homogeneous

Soil," Yu-Si Fok and Vaughn E. Hansen, Jour. Irrigation and Drainage Div., Proc. ASCE,

Paper i+912, Sept. I966,

(5l^i^9) HYDRAULICS OF SURFACE IRRIGATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. A. Alvin Bishop, Head, Dept. of Agricultural and Irrigation Engrg., Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical, with field investigation.

(e) To provide fundamental surface irrigation

design understanding through the investigation

of hydraulic characteristics of siirface flows,

including (l) further development of mathematical models describing the flows in terms

of the many variables involved; (2) laboratory

experiments to describe and evaluate the com- ponent variables; and (3) a. few trials to test the validity of mathematical equations

.

(g) Equations have been developed to describe the

various relationships in surface irrigation

such as length of run, rate of advance,

application efficiency, and intake rate.

(h) "The Influence of Intake Function on the

Water Advance Function for Surface Irrigation,"

Charles C.C. Shih, Master's Thesis, Utah State

Univ., 1966.

"Analysis of Application Efficiency as Related

to Intake F^unction and Recession Function for

Surface Irrigation," Lam K. Lim, Master's

Thesis, Utah State Univ., I966.

"Analysis of Surface Irrigation Application

Efficiency," Lyman S. Willardson and A. Alvin

Bishop, Jour. Irrigation and Drainage Div.,

Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs., IRS, June I967.

(5^50) ELECTROKINETIC POTEHTIAL IN SOIL CAPILLARIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Calvin G. Clyde, Asst. Director, Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for Ph.D. dissertation.

(e) This study was conducted to investigate

analytically and experimentally the relationship between the rate of flow of water through

porous material and the streaming current and

streaming potential induced by this flow. The

effect of dissolved salts in the permeating

solution, the size of the soil particles, and

the temperature of the solution was also investigated.

(f) Completed.

(g) The rate of flow (at a constant salt concen- tration and soil particle diameter) is directly

proportional to the induced streaming current

and streaming potential. A decrease in both

streaming current and streaming potential was observed with increase of salt concentrate in

the penneating solution. A decrease in current and potential was observed with increase of

soil particle diameter. Induced streaming

potential was found to increase with the de- crease in temperature. The analytical relationships developed together with the experimental work form the basis of a method of

measuring the rate of flow through porous

material.

(h) "streaming Current and Streaming Potential

Induced by Water Flow Through Porous Media,"

Mohamed M.I. Abaza, Ph.D. Dissertation, Utah

State Univ., I966.

(5l^52) HYDRODYNAMICS OF FREE SURFACE FLOW OVER

HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Gary Z. Watters, Assoc. Prof, of Civil

Engrg., Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; for Ph.D.

dissertation.

(e) An approximation to real fluid flow over hydraulic structures is being attempted by

using a rotational ideal fluid. It is hoped

that separation zones can be adequately

enough described by this approximation to yield meaningful pressures, velocities, discharge coefficients and free surface locations

.

(57^7) APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC ANALOG DEVICES TO

SOLUTION OF HYDROLOGIC AND RIVER BASIN

PLANTUNG PROBLEMS.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. Jay M. Bagley and Prof. Duane G. Chadwick,

Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental; design, and development.

(e) Comprehensive study and new development of

hydrologic relations employed in current

model. Design improvement will be made in

order to handle a greater range and variety

of problems with more flexibility, reliability,

and speed of operation.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Application of Electronic Analog Computer to Solution of Hydrologic and River- Basin-Planning

Problems: Utah Simulation Model II," J. P. Riley, D.G. Chadwick, and J.M. Bagley, Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.,

129 pp. , Oct. 1966.

( 571+8) SEQUENTIAL WATER USE WITHIN A HYDROLOGIC

COMPLEX.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. David W. Hendricks, Assoc. Prof., Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Field investigation, applied research.

(e) The study will utilize data from the Little

Bear River Basin in developing guides to the

improved administration and management of

water in a complex system of sequential uses. The prototype information will provide basis

for development and testing of analytical

methods of analyzing a variety of sequential

water use problems.

(37^9) OPTIMIZING CONJUNCTIVE USE OF SURFACE AND

GROUNDWATER.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research, Dept. of

the Interior; Div. of Water Resources, Dept.

of Natural Resources, State of Utah; Utah

Water Research Lab., Coll. of Engrg., Utah

State Univ.

(c) Dr. Calvin G. Clyde, Asst. Director, Utah Water

Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Maximum beneficial use of a total water supply

in a basin requires that both surface and

mderground water be utilized. In the past,

schemes for conjunctive use of surface and

groundwaters have usually involved a selection

of the best alternative among a small number

of different plans. The purpose of this

investigation is to develop a true optimization

methodology for conjunctive use schemes and

135
involves the following phases: (l) general

definition of the problem; (2) development

of planning and design guidelines for con- junctive use systems; (3) derivation of a general equation or benefit function which

describes the benefit component from each part

of the water resource; (k) description of

a mathematical model of the hydrologic system

composed of equations or inequalities describing the interrelationships among the parts

of the system as well as the physical, legal

and economic constraints; (5) application of

dynamic linear programming to the mathematical

model to maximize or minimize the particular

benefit function being considered. The

benefit function of primary concern is the

amount of water available for beneficial use, but alternative optimization objectives are

to minimize the waste of water, to minimize

salt accumulation, or to maximize the total

economic return; (6) utilization of an

actual, but simple, hydrologic complex to test the guidelines and optimization techniques . (h) "Optimizing Conjunctive Use of Siarface Water

and Groundwater," Calvin G. Clyde, Bartell C. Jensen, and James H. Milligan, Proc. Symp. on Groundwater Development in Arid Basins, Utah

State Univ., Logan, Utah, pp. 59-86, March

1967.

"A Procedure for Determining the Feasibility

of Planned Conjunctive Use of Surface and

Groundwater," Barry C. Saunders, M.S. Thesis,

Utah State Univ., 196?.

(5750) ATMOSPHERIC WATER RESOURCES IN UTAH.

(b) United States Bureau of Reclamation.

(c) Prof. George W. Reynolds, Project Leader,

Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Project is primarily experimental, heavily

dependent upon field investigations and can

be classified as both basic and applied

research.

(e) Cloud seeding is to be done along the Wasatch

Front to determine the feasibility of increasing water supplies, delineating the areas affected by individual generators, and

determing the unique characteristics of the

snow producing storm systems. The investigation includes the installation and operation

of a dense telemetering precipitation

measurement network, meteorological and hydrologic support systems and studies; statistical

evaluation.

(h) Project Technical Reports may be obtained by

request from the Utah Water Research Lab.,

Utah State Univ., Logan, Utah.

"Brief Abstracts of Some Papers on Seeding

Agents," Jay D. Schlffman and Joel E. Fletcher,

Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.,

Feb. 1967.

"Reliability of Can-Type Precipitation Gage

Measurements," C. Earl Israelsen, Utah Water

Research Lab., Utah State Univ., I967.

"The Reliability of USU Telemetered Precipitation Data--1, " George W. Reynolds and Duane

G. Chadwick, Utah Water Research Lab., Utah

State Univ. , July I967.

(5752) OVERLAND FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Calvin G. Clyde; see ( 57^+9 ) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) The general differential equation for over- land flow describes a great variety of

136

practical problems such as surface irrigation, the hydrologic analysis of basins and

the spreading of water over Infiltration

areas for groundwater recharge. The objective of this research is to determine the

general solution to the equation by finite

difference methods and illustrate the

dependence of the solution on the parameters

involved by presenting the important phases

of the solution in dimensionless form.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Preliminary and simplified studies of the

equation reveal that the solution is strongly

affected by the Inflow and outflow conditions

as well as the roughness and slope of the

channel.

(h) "Techniques of Border Irrigation by a Hydrologic Method of Routing," Chen-lvmg Chen,

PRWR-11-1, Utah Water Research Lab., Coll.

of Engrg., Utah State Univ.

"Mathematical Hydraulics of Surface Irrigation, " Chen-lung Chen, PRW-11-2, Utah

Water Research Lab., Coll. of Engrg., Utah

State Univ., June 1966.

"Theory and Characteristics of Overland Flow,"

Cheng-lung Chen and Vaughn E. Hansen, Trans. ASAE, Vol. 9, Wo. 1, pp. 20-26, 1966.

(5755) PRESSURE, SHEAR AND VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION

AROUm A HEMISPHERE ON A BOUNDARY IK A

FINITE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW FIELD WITH

FREE SURFACE EFFECTS.

(b) National Science Foundation grant.

(c) Dr. Calvin G. Clyde; see (57'+9) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical research leading

to a doctoral dissertation.

(e) The objectives of this study are to determine

the flow characteristics in the immediate

vicinity of a hemisphere located on a boundary

in a finite three-dimensional flow field with

free surface effects. Such flow characteristics as the velocity distribution, the

press\ure distribution, the shear stress distribution and boundary layer development and

separation patterns will be studied.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Hydrodynamic Forces and Pressure Fluctuations

on a Hemisphere on a Boundary in Velocity

Gradient Flow Considering Free Surface

Effects," Talaat M. Owais, Ph.D. Dissertation,

Utah State Univ., I967.

(5756) TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW AROUND A

HEMISPHERE IN A VELOCITY GRADIENT FIELD WITH

FREE SURFACE EFFECTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Gordon H. Flammer, Prof., Civil Engrg.

Dept., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical research leading

to a doctoral dissertation.

(e) To study such Instantaneous properties of the

flow field in the near vicinity of the hemisphere as: the measurement of turbulence intensity, space correlations, cross correlations, the auto correlation curve, the instantaneous lift and drag forces on the hemisphere

as related to turbulence characteristics near

the hemisphere, the effect on the structure of

the free stream turbulence of the hemisphere

placed in the flow upstream; and to deduce the

law of decay of turbiolence behind the hemisphere, also, to compare the intensity of tur- bulence near the hemisphere for the semiinfinite non- uniform flow field, the finite

non- uniform flow field without a free surface,
and a finite non-uniform flow field with a

free surface,

(f) Suspended.

(5757) TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW AROUND AM

ISOLATED CUEE IW A VELOCITY GRADIENT FIELD

WITH FREE SURFACE EFFECTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Gordon H. Flammer; see (5756) above.

(d) The project is experimental and theoretical in nature leading to a doctoral dissertation.

(e) To study the instantaneous properties of the

flow field in the near vicinity of the cube

such as intensity of turb-ulence, space correlations, cross correlations, auto correlation

curves, instantaneous drag and lift forces

correlated with the turbulence characteristics

of the hemisphere, wake turbulence decay; and

to compare the intensity of turbulence near

the hemisphere for (l) a semi-infinite non- uniform flow field; (2) the finite non-uniform flow field without a free surface; and

(3) a finite non- uniform flow field with a

free surface.

(f) Suspended.

(5758) LIFT AND DRAG FORCES ON ISOLATED CUBICAL

ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS WITH FREE SURFACE EFFECTS.

(b) National Science Fomdation and Engrg. Expmt.

Sta., Utah State Univ.

(c) Dr. Gary Z. Watters, Assoc. Prof., Civil Engrg.,

Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental; for Ph.D. dissertation.

(e) Lift and drag forces on cubical roughness

elements are measured with a strain gage

dynamometer. The measurements are taken for

infinitely deep flow, finite-depth flow without

free surface effects, finite-depth flow with

free- surface effects, and finite flow with

free surface effects and a natural velocity

gradient in the flow. This should lead to a more fmdamental understanding of energy

dissipation due to large roughness elements.

(f) Completed.

(h) Dissertation by James Adamek will be available

in 1968.

(5761) DRAG Airo SURFACE WAVE CHAi^ACTERISTICS FOR THE ISOLATED SEMI-CIRCULAR DISK IN A FINITE THREE- DIMENSIONAL FLOW FIELD WITH FREE SURFACE

EFFECTS

.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Gordon H. Flammer; see(5756) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical leading to Ph.D.

dissertation.

(e) To study the drag on an isolated disk on a boundary for (l) an infinite uniform flow

field; (2) a semi-infinite non-uniform flow

field; (3) a finite uniform flow field without a free s\irface; C*-) a finite non-uniform

flow field without a free surface; (5) a

finite uniform flow field with a free surface;

and (6) a finite non-uniform flow field with

a free surface. The surface wave characteristics will be studied for items (5) and (6).

(f) Suspended.

(5762) SUBMERGED OPEN CHANNEL FLOW MEASUREMENT

STRUCTURES.

(b) Office of Water Resoiirces Research, U.S. Dept.

of Interior.

(c) Mr. Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Research Project

Engr., Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State

Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A hydraulic model study is being undertaken

to provide calibration curves. An experimental model is being designed and constructed

wherein the lengths of the entrance, throat,

and exit may be varied; the width of the

throat may be varied; the sides of the model

can be placed in various positions to form

either rectangular or trapezoidal shapes; and

the degree of convergence and divergence may

be varied. In addition to the above variable

quantities, the effects of conditions in the

channel both upstream and downstream from the

flume, the scale factor, and roughness of the

flume walls and floor will be evaluated.

(f) Completed.

(g) An evaluation of geometry and boundary

conditions on both free flow and submerged

flow ratings in flumes has been made. The

results have shown that the submerged flow

analysis can be used for any type of side

constriction or floor constriction (weir). In addition, a flat-bottomed fl\jme has been

developed, and given the name "cutthroat."

The flume was developed primarily as a submerged flow measuring device.

(h) "Design and Calibration of Submerged Open

Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 1,

Submerged Flow," G.V. Skogerboe, M.L. Hyatt,

and K.O. Eggleston, Rept. WG31-2, Utah Water

Research Lab., Coll. of Engrg., Utah State

Univ., Feb. 1967.

"Design and Calibration of Submerged Open

Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 2,

Parshall Flumes, " G.V. Skogerboe, M.L. Hyatt,

J.D. England, and J.R. Johnson, Rept. WG31-3>

Utah Water Research Lab., Coll. of Engrg.,

Utah State Univ., Iferch I967.

"Design and Calibration of Submerged Open

Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 3, Cutthroat Flumes," G.V. Skogerboe, M.L. Hyatt,

R.K. Anderson, and K.O. Eggleston, Rept.

VG31-k, Utah Water Research Lab., Coll. of

Engrg., Utah State Univ., April 19^7

•

"Design and Calibration of Submerged Open

Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part k,

Weirs," G.V. Skogerboe, M.L. Hyatt, and L.H. Austin, Rept. WG31-5, Utah Water Research Lab.

Coll. of Engrg., Utah State Univ., May I967.

"Analysis of Submergence in Flow Measuring

Flumes," G.V. Skogerboe and M.L. Hyatt, Proc. ASCE, Jour. Hydraialics Div., Vol. 93, No. HYl^-, Proc. Paper 53k8, pp. 183-200, July I967.

"Subcritical Flow Over Highway Embankments,"

G.V. Skogerboe and M.L. Hyatt, Proc. ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Vol. 93, No. HY6, Proc. Paper 5561l-, pp. 65-78, Nov. I967.

"Rectangular Cutthroat Flow Measuring Flumes ,

G.V. Skogerboe and M.L. Hyatt, Proc. ASCE,

Jour. Irrigation and Drainage Div., Vol. 93. No. mk, Proc. Paper 5628. pp. 9-13- Dec. I967

(57614- ) MODIFICATIONS TO GATE-PARSHALL FLUME STRUCTURE

(b) Utah Highway Dept.

(c) Mr. Gaylord V. Skogerboe; see (5762).

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Twin turnout structures have been constructed

from the Davis-Weber Canal which employ a gate followed by a four- foot Par shall flume

four feet deep. The flow passing through the

flume is supercritical. Modifications to the

turnout structures will be studied with a prototype structure constructed in the

laboratory

.

(f) Completed.

137
(h) "Modifications to Gate-Flume Structures on the

Weter-Davis Canal," by G.V. Skogerboe and M.L. Hyatt, Kept. PR-WG2i4^-i+, Utah Water Research

Lab., Utah State Univ., Feb. I966.

(6516) ELECTRONIC MALOG SIMUIATION OF RUNOFF FROM

SMALL WATERSHED AREAS.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. J. P. Riley, Assoc. Prof., Utah Water

Research Lab., Coll. of Engrg., Utah State

Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied re- search for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Simulation by the analog computer of hydrologic processes over small increments of time

and space. The model facilitates runoff

estimates from storms and snowmelt which occur

in short time intervals in the area.

(g) Close agreement has been achieved between observed and computed rimoff hydrographs

.

(65IT) APPLICATION OF ANALOG COMPUTER SIMULATION

TECHNIQUES FOR RUNOFF PREDICTIONS WITHIN THE REYNOLDS CREEK WATERSHED.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture.

(c) Dr. J. P. Riley; see (6516) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Simulation of basic hydrologic processes on a watershed by the analog computer for establishing runoff predictions.

(6518) A STUDY OF THE INTEGRATION OF THE WATER RE- SOURCES OF THE BEAR, WEBER, AND JORDAN RIVERS

IN NORTHERN UTAH.

(b) Dept. of Natural Resources, Div. of Water

Resources, State of Utah.

(c) Dr. J. P. Riley; see (6516) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Analog simulation is being used as a tool to study the feasibility of water exchange between

the Bear and Jordan River systems, using the

waters of the Weber River as the exchange

medium.

(6519) THE SIMULATION OF HYDROLOGIC EVENTS IN ARID

REGIONS.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture

.

(c) Dr. J. P. Riley and Prof. Duane G. Chadwick,

Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied re- search for M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) The hydrologic characteristics of watersheds

in semi- arid regions are dependent upon many

varied and often interrelated factors. A

quantitative knowledge of these factors and

of their relative influence upon the system

as a whole is needed in order to improve the

efficiency of watershed management in these

areas. A comprehensive analog computer model

of a semiarid watershed is being developed.

Modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe

the various processes which occur within the

surface hydrologic system of a semiarid watershed. Once established, the model is applicable to any particular geographic unit by

determining the appropriate constants of the

hydrologic equations. The analog computer is

ideally suited to the many time-dependent

differential equations which are encountered

in hydrologic systems. To test individual

equations and to verify the model, a sub-basin

of Walnut Gulch watershed in southern Arizona

is being simxilated.

(g) In preliminary tests close agreement has been

achieved between observed and computed runoff

hydrographs for single convectlve storms. Some progress has also been made in the

development of both analog and digital techniques for plotting isohyetal lines corresponding to selected time intervals during the course of a storm.

(h) "Application of an Electronic Analog Computer

for the Simulation of Hydrologic Events on a Southwest Watershed," J. Paul Riley, Duane G. Chadwick, and E\jgene K, Israelsen, PRWG38-I,

Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.,

53 pages, Feb. I967.

(6520) APPLICATION OF AN ELECTRIC AmLOG COMPUTER TO

THE SIMULATION OF THE TOTAL HYDROLOGICECONOMIC FLOW SYSTEM.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. J. P. Riley, Assoc. Prof., Utah Water

Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research for doctoral

thesis.

(e) The purpose of the research is to develop,

improve, and evaluate basic relationships which

link the hydrologic and economic flow systems

and investigate the feasibility of using an

electronic analog computer to synthesize

fundamental hydrologic and economic processes

into a working model of the total hydrologlceconomic flow system.

(6521) ELECTRONIC ANALOG SIMUIATION OF THE SALINITY

FLOW SYSTEM WITHIN THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER

BASIN.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. J. P. Riley; see (6520) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research for master's

and doctoral theses.

(e) The objective of the research is to simulate

the hydrologic and salinity flow systems of a river basin and evaluate various possibilities

for a water supply of a given quantity and

salinity.

(6522) APPLICATION OF AN ELECTRONIC ANALOG COMPUTER

TO THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON THE RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL

WATERSHEDS

.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. J, P. Riley, Assoc. Prof, and Duane G. Chadwick, Assoc. Prof., Utah Water Research

Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research

for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The electronic analog computer has several

appealing characteristics which siJiggest

exceptional potential for the simulation of the

complex flow system of \jrban watersheds. Under

the proposed study the backgroxmd of experience

already gained at Utah State University will be

applied to the development of a basic model

of urbanized watersheds. In brief, the major

objectives of the study are (l) to develop,

improve, and evaluate fundamental mathematical

relationships for describing the various

processes which occur within an urban watershed, and (2) to synthesize these relationships into a dynamic watershed model by means

of an electronic analog computer. The model

will be verified by simulating urban watersheds .

138
6523) FLOW RESISTANCE OVER SCHEMATIC DUNES IN OPEN

CHATOtELS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Eugene K. Israelsen, Research Engr., Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; for M.S. thesis.

(e) In alluvial streams the flow and the bed interact in a complex flow phenomenon to form a variety of movable beds. This research is an

attempt to define the functional relationship

between the bed friction factor and other

measurable parameters describing the flow and

bed characteristics.

(f) Completed,

(g) The relationship appears to be a multiplevalued function so no definite analytical

function was derived. Definite tendencies

were suggested from the graphic expression of

the parameters.

(h) "Effect of the Free Surface on the Resistance

to Flow Over Schematic Dunes in Open Channels,"

Eugene K. Israelsen, Master's thesis, Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ., 91

pages, 1967.

(6521*^) INCIPIEHT MOTION OF LARGE ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS

IN TURBULENT OPEN CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Calvin G. Clyde, Asst. Director, Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research;

Ph.D. dissertation.

(e) Suitable criteria will be developed for the

incipient motion of large roughness elements

(hemispheres and spheres varying in diameter

between 3 and 12 inches) in turbulent open

channel flow under prototype conditions. The

parameters to be utilized are time-dependent

lift and drag forces, intensity of turbulence,

edge velocity, velocity and gradients, flow

depths, discharge, and energy gradient.- The

flow resistance of large roughness elements

will be measured in order to extend present

flow resistance data to large elements and,

also, to verify whether or not particular

criteria developed from research on various

smaller roughness elements by other investigators are applicable to the larger roughnesses. The interrelationships between timedependent lift and drag forces, intensity of

turbulence, probability of incipient motion,

flow resistance, and other hydraulic parameters will be studied.

Beds of spheres (3- 3A inch and 12 inch

diameter) have been prepared and experiments

run in the 6 ft. by 8 ft. by 500 ft. flume.

Instrumentation has been developed to measure

simultaneously the x, y and z components of

total fluctuating force on one hemispherical

roughness element.

"The Structxire of Turbulence in an Open Channel

with Large Spherical Roughness Elements,"

Farooq Nazir, M.S. Thesis, Utah State Univ.,

1967.

>25) HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ON NON-COHESIVE BED PARTICLES, INCLUDING SEEPAGE.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. Gary Z. Watters, Assoc. Prof., Civil

Engrg. Dept., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental; for Ph.D. dissertation.

(e) Fine sand particles on the beds of alluvial

streams are modeled in a recirculating flume.

The fluid is oil and spheres 3-75 inches in

diameter represent the sand particles. The

(g)

(h)

effect of seepage on the forces exerted on the

bed particles by the flowing fluid are measured

by a strain-gage dyamometer. The object of

the study is to determine whether or not see- page does influence the hydrodynamic forces

and, if so, to what degree and under what

conditions.

(6526) FEASIBILITY OF RATING CURRENT METERS IN A

VELOCITY FIELD.

(b) U.S. Geological Survey.

(c) Mr. Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Research Project

Engr., Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State

Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The primary objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of rating current meters by placing them in a submerged jet

emanating from a contracting cone section.

Model cones will be constructed based upon

both published design criteria and theoretical

analysis. The model cones will be evaluated

for vmiformity of the velocity field and the

effects of placing a pygmy meter in the jet.

The results of the model studies will form

the basis for designing a prototype system,

which will be evaluated using the standard current meters used by the U.S. Geological

Survey

.

(6527) STEADY STATE PLANE SEEPAGE THROUGH NON-HOMOGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA AND AXIAL SYMMETRIC

SEEPAGE

.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Roland W. Jeppson, Asst. Prof., Utah Water

Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical applied research.

(e) The objectives of the proposed research are to obtain solutions to the following steady state,

free surface seepage problems using appropriate transformations by the methods of

finite differences.

1. Two-dimensional plane seepage from

channels of arbitrary geometry through non- homogenous porous media to a drained layer

at a specified finite depth.

2. Axial symmetric seepage from ponds of

arbitrary profiles through homogeneous isotropic or anisotropic porous media which may

consist of layers of different permeabilities

to a drained layer at a specified depth.

3. Axial symmetric flow to a production well

(and from a recharge well) which partially or fully penetrates a homogeneous isotropic or anisotropic aquifer.

(h) "Finite Difference Solutions to Free-Surface

Flow Through Non-Homogeneous Porous Media,"

Rept. No. WG52-1, Utah Water Researc Lab.,

Utah State Univ., Sept. I967.

(6528) WATER QUALITY TELEMETRY.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Duard S. Woffinden, Research Engr., Utah Water

Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) This is a demonstration project.

(e) The purpose of this project is to show the

feasibility of telemetering water quality

parameters on demand from a remote battery

powered monitoring station. The system as developed will transmit any water quality

variable which can be transduced into an electrical signal.

(f) Active to May I968.

(g) To date (December 1967) the necessary equipment

and parts have been gathered and the inter-
facing circuitry designed. The equipment will

now be calibrated and is expected to be in full

operation by the beginning of I968.

(6529) TONTER STKEAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS UNDER ICE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Richard Bennett, Water Survey of Canada,

Calgary District Office, Calgary, Alberta.

(d) Experimental; applied; Master's thesis.

(e) The objectives are: (l) to examine the

accuracy of discharge measurements under ice cover and (2) to develop a method of obtaining

reliable winter records.

(6530) FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A CAPACITANCE-TYPE

ELECTRONIC SEDIMENT- SENSING DEVICE.

(b) Soil and Water Conservation Research Dlv.,

Agric. Research Service, U.S. Dept. Agric.

(c) C. Earl Israelsen, Research Engr., Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Electrical capacitance between plates submerged in water is proportional to the dielectric constant of the water- sediment mixture.

The value of the dielectric constant can be an indication of the sediment present. An

investigation is being made to determine the

feasibility of this method for measxorlng

sediment concentration.

(h) The progress report to the supporting agency

is not available for general distribution.

(6531) HYDROLOGIC ATLAS OF UTAH.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research and Utah

Water and Power Board.

(c) Roland W. Jeppson, Utah Water Research Lab.,

Utah State Univ.

(d) Applied research.

(e) The objective is to analyze and evaluate

existing hydrologlc and climatologic data of

Utah to determine the magnitude of the available water resources and their spatial and

time variations. The data will be reduced to

maps, charts, graphs, and tables carefully

developed for easy understanding and simplicity

of use.

(h) "Mass Curve Analysis of Stream Flow for Deter- mining Reservoir Storage Requirements - A

Computer Program for Generalized Use," Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ., April

1967.

" Frequency and Magnitudes of Monthly and

Annual Flow Rates as Determined by (a) a Normal Distribution, (b) a Log Normal Distribution - A Computer Program of Generalized Use,"

Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.,

April 1967.

"Frequency Analyses and Probable Storage Re- quirements by Frequency Mass Curve Methods - A Computer Program for Generalized Use," Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ., May I967.

"Consecutive Streamflow Averages for 90 Utah

Stations," Utah Water Research Lab., Utah State

Univ., June I967.

(g)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(6532) THE EFFECTS OF

CROP AND SOIL. SNOW COMPACTION ON THE UNDERLYING

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Thiokol Chemical Company.

Joel E. Fletcher, Prof, of Hydrology, Utah

Water Research Lab., Utah State Univ.

Project is a field investigation of the effects

of compacting the overlying snow on soil

moisture and crop growth. It is applied re- search.

Snow at three locations is rolled with a

Thiokol snow compactor following each major

snowfall of the winter. As snow melt occurs

the amount of water stored in the soil profile

is measured and compared to corresponding

areas not compacted. Observations are made on compacted and uncompacted areas for snow mold

drainage and other crop responses

.

It presently appears that compacting the snow tends to increase the amouijt of water stored

in the soil.

(6533) RANGE SITES AS INDEXES FOR BASIC INFILTRATION

PARAMETERS

.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture.

Joel E. Fletcher; see (6532) above.

The project consists of a theoretical derivation of the parameters involved in the

rixnoff-infiltration relation and its confirmation under field conditions.

A theoretical model of infiltration Is to be

derived which Involve the parameters used in

classifying "Range Site and Condition." The

model is to be tested under known watershed

runoff and conditions.

(653^+) FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF SUB-SOIL

WATER IN THE IMMEDIATE PROXIMITY OF AND INTO

DRAINAGE FACILITIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) A. Alvin Bishop, Head, Dept. of Agricultural

and Irrigation Engrg. , or S. Abdollah Jenab, Asst. Research Prof., Dept. of Agricultural

and Irrigation Engrg., Utah State Univ.

(d) Theoretical with field evaluations.

(e) To analyze and describe the subsurface flow

of water and those factors which affect it in

the immediate vicinity of the drainage facility

(tile line, ditch, drain, well, etc.) for the

preparation of Improved criterion procedures

for the design, installation, and operation of

drains

.

(g) A drainage function has been developed to describe the relationship of the water table

to drainage discharge and aquifer for the

transient case.

(h) "The Influence of Exchangeable Ions and Their

Concentration In the Pore Fluid on Plastic and

Strength Properties of Cohesive Soils,"

Mahmoud H. Abdel-Azlz, Ph.D. Dissertation,

Utah State Univ. Library, I965.

"influence of Exchangeable Ions on the Sta- bility of Drain Banks," Mahmoud H. Abdel-Azlz,

A. Alvln Bishop, and Iirving S. Dunn, Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engrs., Vol. 9, No. 6, I966.

"Shearing Strength of Clay after Soaking in

Water," Tsung-Te Chou, Master's Thesis, Utah

State Univ. Library, I966.

"A Study of Salt Concentrations and Types of

Absorbed Ions In the Soils Near an Open Drain,

Mlng-Hua Chtiang, Master's Thesis, Utah State

Univ. Library, I967.

"stability of Slopes of Open Drain Channels,"

David C.L. Chung, Master's Thesis, Utah State

Univ. Library, I965.

The following projects have been reported in the Water

Resources Research Catalog:

(0ij-2W) STATE WATER PLAN INVESTIGATIONS. (Formerly No. 5138).

(043W) EVALUATION OF REMOTE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC SENSORS

FOR DETECTING TRANSPIRATIONAL WATER USE BY PLANTS SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS FOLIAR CHEMICAL

TREATMENTS DESIGNED TO REDUCE TRANSPIRATION

140
LOSSES. (Formerly No, 5751).

(OkkV) DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF IMPROVED TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE WATER-CONTENT OF SNOW.

(045W) CHARACTERISTICS OF UTAH STREAMS.

(0J4^6W) HYDROLOGY OF THE GREAT SALT LAKE.

(Gll-TW) OPTIMIZATION IN THE USE OF VARIABLE QUALITY

DESALTED WATER AND AN ARTIFICIAL UNDERGROUND

RESERVOIR TO SUPPLY PEAK MUNICIPAL WATER

DEMANDS.

(0i^8W) EFFECT OF MINERALIZED SPRINGS ON UTAH'S WATER

RESOURCES.

VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Sanitary and Water

Resources Engrg. , Nashville, Tennessee 37203

(5688) TURBULENT DIFFUSION AND RIVER WASTE ASSIMIIATIVE CAPACITY.

("b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. P.A. Krenkel, Prof, and Chariman, Dept. of

Sanitary and Water Resources Engrg., Box I67OSta. B, Vanderbilt Univ.

(d) Field and laboratory observations are used to verify theoretical considerations of the

relation between turbulence and gas absorption.

The investigations involve basic and applied

research and have resulted in 1 M.S. and 2 Ph.

D. theses.

(e) The project objectives are (a) to determine the

applicability of the mathematical models describing turbulent diffusion to river flow,

(b) to examine laboratory and field methodology

for determination of the various mixing co- efficients in the laboratory and field under

controlled conditions, utilizing pulse testing

techniques, (c) to develop frequency response

characteristics of various streams under

differing hydraulic conditions, and (d) to correlate turbulent diffusion characteristics

of natural streams to the reaeration capacity

and, thus, the waste assimilative capacity.

(f) Completed, as of January 31, 1967-

(g) Observations of the mixing coefficients and

reaeration characteristics have been made in

several TVA rivers and in the laboratory. A

new mathematical model describing the exchange

of tracer material with "dead zones" has been

found to partially account for the discrepancies In theoretical and observed "flow-thru"

curves and preliminary relationships have been

proposed between the various mixing coefficients . A new method and formulae have been developed

for determination of the reaeration capacity

of natural streams which describe the variation

in available data better than any other presently used method.

(h) "Longitudinal Mixing and Reaeration in Natural

Streams," Edward L. Thackston and Peter A. Krenkel, Tech. Rept. No. 7 in Sanitary and

Water Resources Engrg., Vanderbilt Univ., I966. "Mass Transport Mechanisms In Open Channel

Flow," James R. Hays, Peter A. Krenkel, and

Karl B. Schnelle, Jr., Tech. Rept. No. 8 in

Sanitary and Water Resources Engrg., Vanderbilt Univ., 1966.

"investigations on Turbulent Diffusion in In- land Waterways," James S. Morris, Peter A. Krenkel, and Edward L. Thackston, Tech. Rept.

No. Ik in Sanitary and Water Resources Engrg.,

Vanderbilt Univ., I967.

"Least Squares Estimation of Mixing Co- efficients," Edward L. Thackston, James R. Hays, and Peter A. Krenkel, Jour. Sanitary

Engrg. Div., ASCE, Vol. 93, SA3, June

1967.

"Longitudinal Mixing in Natural Streams ,

Edward L. Thackston and Peter A. Krenkel, Jour. Sanitary Engrg. Dlv., ASCE, Vol. 93, SA5,

67-90, Oct. 1967.

"Application of Frequency-Response Techniques

to Analysis of Turbulent Diffusion Phenomena,"

James R. Hays, Karl B. Schnelle, Jr. and

Peter A. Krenkel, Jour .Water Pollution Control

Federation, Vol. 38, No. 10, I669-I682, Oct. 1966.

(6165) TURBULENT DIFFUSION AND REAERATION IN NATURAL

RIVERS.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. P.A. Krenkel; see (568B) above.

(d) Laboratory and field studies are conducted to test and demonstrate theoretical predictions

,

previously derived, and to indicate direction

for further theoretical work. The project

includes both basic and applied research and

demonstration of usefulness and applicability

of results. Both M.S. and Ph.D. theses may

resiolt from the work.

(e) The project objectives are (a) to measure

reaeration rates and relevant turbulence

parameters in selected rivers under controlled

conditions; (b) to test the applicability of

recently developed theoretical mathematical

models describing reaeration and mixing in

natural rivers, and (c) to determine the

utility of refined tracer techniques in describing mixing phenomena in unsteady- state flow conditions and stratified flow.

(g) The applicability of a recently developed

model of mixing in open-channel flow incorporating tracer technique storage In dead zones to natural streams has been demonstrated.

Methods for the prediction of the parameters

in the mathematical model from basic hydraulic

data have been developed.

The effects of stratified flow regimes on mixing were experimentally studied in the laboratory with heated and cold water as the differing density fluids. Results obtained were

similar to those obtained using salt solutions

as the denser fluid.

(h) "Mathematical Modeling of Dispersion in Rivers,"

Karl B. Schnelle, Jr., Edward L. Thackston,

and Peter A. Krenkel, Proc. Xllth Congr. Intl.

Assoc. Hydraulic Research, Vol. k, pp. June 1967.

VIPYA DIVISION, Itek Corporation, Ik'^O Page Mill Rd.

,

Palo Alto, Calif. Sk^Oh.

(5199) THE EFFECT OF FLOW SEPARATION FROM THE HULL OK THE STABILITY OF A HIGH SPEED SUBMARINE.

(b) Office of Naval Research; Naval Ship Res. and

Dev. Ctr. (jointly) under the EuShlps Fundamental Hydromechanics Program.

(c) Mr. S. B. Spangler, Nielsen Engrg. and Research,

Inc., 3967 East Bayshore, Palo Alto, Calif.

9l)-303. (d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) The purpose of the work is to develop methods

for predicting the nonlinear portions of the

forces and moments on a submarine for motion
in both the horizontal and vertical plane.

The notions considered are steady pitching and

yawing angular velocities, high angle of

attack, and axial flow. The nonlinear force

distriijutions arise from the wakes shed by

forward appendages in crossflow and flow

separation from the hull. These wakes are characterized by potential vortices for p\jrpose of computing interference force distributions . (f) Completed.

(g) For moderate steady pitching or yawing angular

velocities, the interference forces in the

plane of motion due to the wakes of the forward appendages are small and may be neglected.

The cross coupling effects for yawing motion

are large and highly nonlinear. No data are available to check the predicted results. For high angle of attack, the interference forces

due to forward appendage wake are not appreciably affected by hull flow separation. However,

this wake appears to suppress the tail forces

induced by the separated wake from the hull.

For axial flow the normal force and pitching

moment were found to be produced primarily by

the loading and wake interference of the bow/

fairwater planes operating in the upwash of the

flow over the hull.

(h) "Theoretical Prediction of the Vortex Inter- ference Effects on the Stability of a High

Speed Submarine in Pitching and Yawing Motion,"

S.B. Spangler, Vidya Report Wo. 238, Dec. 30,

1966. Available through Contract Research

Administrator, Code 513 j Naval Ship Res. and

Dev. Ctr., Washington, D.C. 2000?.

{39hl) PREDICTED AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS AND DYNAMIC

DERIVATIVES FOR DUCTED PROPELLERS.

(b) Bureau of Naval Weapons, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Mr. M.R. Mendenhall, Nielsen Engineering and

Research, Inc., 396? East Bayshore, Palo Alto,

Calif. 9^303-

(d) Theoretical investigation; applied research.

(e) The main purpose of this investigation is to express the previous theoretical results

(1965 Reference Number 5201) in terms of an arbitrary ducted propeller configuration.

The extended analysis will predict the Inflow

to the propeller, radial variations of blade

loading, and duct forces and moments for a specified duct, propeller, and flow condition.

Other work includes mutual interference between

pairs of ducted propellers and duct lip stall

prediction.

(f) Completed.

(g) A computer program for the IBM 709^+ has been

developed to compute the performance of a specified duct-propeller combination (see item

(h)). Comparisons with data on propeller

inflow, blade loading and duct thrust for

axial flow indicated good agreement. Radial

blade loading variations were found to have

little effect on duct thrust, but duct normal

force increased rapidly when the loading was shifted towards the tips. A criterion was developed to predict duct lip stall which

appears to give a good estimate of the advance

ratio and angle of attack for the onset of

stall

.

(h) "Theoretical Study of Ducted Propeller Blade

Loading, Duct Stall, and Interference," M.R. Mendenhall, A.R. ICriebel, and S.B. Spangler,

Vidya Rept. No. 229, Sept. I966.

"Computer Programs for Prediction of Ducted

Propeller Performance," M.R. Mendenhall, S.B.

Ik2

Spangler, Vidya Rept. No. 23O, Sept. I966.

Available from Commander (Desk V) , U.S. Naval Ordnance Lab., White Oak, Maryland 20910.

VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, Dept. of Civil Engrg. . Blacksburg, Virginia 2hObl

(5533) USE OF LARGE ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS FOR HYDRAULIC

ENERGY DISSIPATION.

(b) Virginia Council of Highway Investigation and

Research; and U.S. Bureau of Public Roads.

(c) Dr. H.M. Morris, Prof, and Head, Dept. of

Civil Engrg., Virginia Poly. Inst.

(d) Analytical and experimental, supplemented by

field studies; basic and applied research.

(e) Studies are being made to develop general

design criteria for flow regimes and energy

dissipation in steep channels with large

roughness elements. The characteristics of

the "tumbling-flow" regime are of special

interest. Design applications for chutes,

culverts, and other highway drainage structures

are in view.

(f) Completed except for final publication.

(g) Final Report, "Hydraulics of Energy Dissipation

in Steep Rough Channels" has been submitted to sponsors and will be adapted for publication

as a V.P.I. Research Bulletin.

(553'<-) HYDRAULIC EFFECTS OF BOUNDARY ROUGHNESS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. H.M. Morris; see (5533) above.

(d) Analytical and experimental; basic research

for M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) Systematic studies are being made to delineate the various regimes of turbulent flow

in roijigh pipes in terms of each dimension of

the boundary roughness geometry, with the

aim of attaining comprehensive quantitative

criteria for all regimes.

(f) Completed.

(g) Experimental work completed. Turbiilent flow

regimes have been delineated and quantitative

criteria for recognition established.

(h) "Velocity Distribution in Steep, Rough Channel,"

Tsung-Ting Chang, unpublished M.S. thesis,

Virginia Poly. Inst., I963.

"study of Flow in Open Channels with Cubical

Roughness Elements," Sotlrios John Kareliotls,

unpublished M.S. thesis, Virginia Poly. Inst.,

1967.

(5957) SURGE Am ROLL WAVE PHENOMENA IN STEEP ROUGH

CHANNELS.

(b) Laboratory project, supported in part by

Virginia Council of Highway Investigation and

Research in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of

Public Roads.

(c) Dr. H.M. Morris; see (5533) above.

(d) Analytical and experimental; basic research;

Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Unsteady flow phenomena in the form of surges

and roll waves are experienced under some conditions in steep channels with rough beds.

The characteristics of these phenomena and

criteria for their formation are being sti;idied. (f) Completed.

(h) "One-Dimensional Stability Analysis of Unstable

Flow in a Steep, Rough Channel," Eugene Y.T.

Koo, Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Poly. Inst.,

March 1967.
(6279) AMLYSIS OF HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS.

(t) Office of Water Resources Research.

(c) Dr. J.M. Wiggert, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Virginia Poly. Inst.

(d) Analytical and experimental; basic and applied

research; Ph.D. thesis.

(e) This study examines the hydrologic runoff

process in terms of fundamental systems

analysis. Investigated is the response

(discharge) of systems of simple configuration

to inputs (rainfall) of simple description.

Time constants and amplitude derived from data

are used for a synthesis of other flows.

Application of the method to data from natural

watersheds is also "being made.

(6280) MOTION OF A PAETICIE IN POISEUILLE FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. J.M. Wiggert; see (6279) above.

(d) Analytical and experimental; basic research;

M.S. thesis.

(e) A study of the transverse forces on and motion

of single particles, both leading and lagging

fluid flowing laminarly in a tube.

(6281) SURFACE WAVE STUDIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. R.M. Sorensen, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Virginia Poly. Inst.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Construction of wave generator; studies on wave energy absorption.

VIRGIMIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, Dept. of Mechanical

Engrg. , Blacksburg, Virginia 2*4-061.

(5537) FLUID JET CONTROL.

(b) National Science Foimdation.

(c) Dr. Robert A. Comparin, Assoc. Prof, of

Mechanical Engrg., Virginia Poly. Inst.

(d) Analytical and experimental stiady in part

for Master's thesis.

(e) This project is a study of jet reattachment

phenomena at low Reynolds numbers. The

study will include both parallel and inclined

walls and the effects of aspect ratio, offset,

and wall angle.

(f) Completed.

(g) Data have been obtained for reattachment distance as a function of Reynolds number for an

inclined wall at various angles. Significant

three-dimensional effects have been noted with

an aspect ratio of ten.

(h) "Jet Reattachment at Low Reynolds Numbers and

Moderate Aspect Ratios," R.A. Comparin, R.B. Moore, Jr., W.C. Jenkins, Jr., ASME paper

67-FE-25, available from ASME headquarters.

(6192) LAMINAR JETS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Robert A. Comparin; see (5537) above.

(d) Analytical and experimental study for Master's

thesis

.

(e) This project involves the study of the velocity

profiles in laminar jets at low Reynolds

numbers. The effects of nozzle design on the

velocity profile at the jet exit are being

investigated along with the development of the

velocity profile in the downstream direction.

(6193) VELOCITY PROFILE MODELS AND TURBULENT BOUNDARY

LAYER FLOWS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. F.J. Pierce, Randolph Hall, Virginia Poly.

Inst.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Several of the more common models proposed for two and three-dimensional turbulent boiandary

layer flows are examined and compared with a large body of experimental data from a variety

of published data.

(6191+) LATERAL FLOW REVERSAL IN STRONGLY SKEWED,

PRESSURE DRIVEN THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT

BOUNDARY LAYERS.

(b) Army Research Office-Durham.

(c) Dr. F.J. Pierce; see (6l93) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The existence and nature of the reversal of

lateral or skewed flow in a pressure driven

three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer

was examined. Lateral flow reversal was obtained in a recurving or S shaped rectangular

channel.

(f) Completed.

(h) In preparation.

(6195) A FLUSH MOUNTED DIRECTIONALLY SENSITIVE HOT

WIRE WALL SHEAR STRESS METER.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Dr. F.J. Pierce; see (6l93) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) A length of resistance thermometry wire is

suspended between two probe tips and beneath

a mylar film; with the assembly flush mounted

in a surface. The device is designed to operate with a Flow Corporation HWE2 anemometer

console but any well-regulated DC power supply

can be used. Excellent directional sensitivity

to limiting wall streamline direction is obtained and the device can be calibrated with

power dissipated giving a measure of wa!Ll shear stress.

(f) Completed.

(h) "A Directional Hot-Wire Sensor for Measurement

of Skin Friction in the Turbulent Boiondary

Layer," with R.H. Drinkuth, NSF Report, Sibley

School of Mechanical Engrg. , Cornell Univ.

,

Ithaca, New York, I965. Available as DDC

Document AD 636 2'+8. "A Directionally Sensitive Heat Meter for Wall

Shear Stress Measurements in Turbulent

Boundary Layer Flows," with R. Drinkuth, The

Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 37- June 1966, pp. -JkO-Ykl.

(6196) WALL SHEAR STRESS DIAGNOSTICS IN THREE-DIMEN- SIONAL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS.

(b) Jointly National Science Foundation; Army

Research Office-Durham; laboratory project.

(c) Dr. F.J. Pierce; see (6l93) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Survey of diagnostic techniques and devices

used in two-dimensional turbulent boundary

layer flows in an attempt at evaluating the

applicability of these for use in threedimensional turbulent bo"undary layer flows

.

Comparison is made with direct wall shear

force measurements obtained with a floating

element wall shear meter in a three-dimensional

turbulent bounday layer flow and corrected for

pressure gradient effects.

(f) Completed.

(h) In preparation for publication.
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY, The R.L. Albrook Hydraulic Laboratory, Pullman, Washington 99163

Inquiries concerning the following projects should he

addressed to Dr. E. Roy Tinney, Head, The R.L. Albrook Hydraulic Laboratory, College of Engrg.

Research Div., Washington State Univ.

(381+8) CALIBRATION OF FLOW METERING FLUMES.

(b) Agricultural Research Service, Boise, Idaho.

(d) Experimental, development.

(e) A standard weir design is being studied to determine whether or not calibration curves

can be developed for specific stream gaging

stations without requiring extensive field or laboratory experimental calibration.

(f) Completed.

(g) Data analysis indicates that gaging site con- dition and flume size do not influence the

discharge characteristics of the flume at discharges less than a certain percentage of the

design capacity. Upstream bed slope and flume

orientation affect these characteristics at larger flows if these parameters are greater

than given magnitudes.

(h) "Stream Gaging Weirs for Reynolds Creek

Experimental Watershed," Howard D. Copp, Bull.

295, Washington State Univ., Coll. of Engrg.

Research Div.

(5519) SOUND SUPPRESSOR-HYDRAULIC MODEL TESTS.

(b) George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA.

(d) Experimental; development; analytical,

theoretical.

(e) Development of a vane system to produce uniformly distributed flow around a clover-shaped weir

was studied. Surges produced by the rocket exha\ast at ignition were investigated with a simulated vacum chamber.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Analytical and Experimental Studies of Sound

Suppressor Components for NASA Rocket Engine

Test Stands," Edited by E. Roy Tinney, Coll. of

Engrg. Research Div., Washington State Univ.,

August 1967.

(5521) HELLS CANYON HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT.

(b) Idaho Power Company.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The objectives of the test program are to measure and analyze the forces which are acting

on the left wall and sill during various discharge operating conditions with special

reference to those forces causing vibration of

the left training wall.

(6156) THE PREDICTION OF WATER QUALITY ASPECTS OF THE WENATCHEE RIVER.

(b) Public Utility District No. 1 of Chelan County,

Washington.

(6157) CLAY SLURRY FLOW CHARACTERISTICS,

(b) J.R. Slmplot Co., Bovill, Idaho.

(6158) WASHINGTON STATE WATER RESOURCES ATLAS.

(b) State of Washington.

(d) Compilation; hydrologic analysis.

(e) The water resources Atlas of the State of

Washington was completed as a part of an over- all study of the state's water needs.

(f) Completed.

(g) A quantification of the water resources of the

State of Washington by 50 watershed subdivisions, with physical descriptions by region and

watershed.

(6159) HYDRAULIC STUDIES OF FLOATING BREAKWATERS.

(b) U.S. Forest Service, Seattle, Washington.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The design and fabrication of a wave basin

was completed for the purpose of studying the

effectiveness of floating breakwaters.

Investigations are being made with the idea of

using floating breakwaters along the southeast

coast of Alaska. The log breakwaters are being investigated as opposed to towing more

permanent and costly steel floating breakwaters from one loading site to another.

Three designs will be tested for maxiimmi and mean wave heights for the vicinity. Mooring

forces on the anchors will be determined.

(6160) RESISTANCE OF PLANE BOUNDARY SURFACES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Using various individual geometric shapes,

wind tunnel tests have been performed over the past two years to determine the resistance

to flow as influenced by the particle shape.

Early tests were run in a small demonstration

wind tunnel, and during this past year a larger tunnel with more sensitive measuring

capabilities was constructed and put in use.

(6161) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BASALT AQUIFERS.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(d) Field and laboratory; basic and applied.

(e) Geophysical logging methods are being used

to determine stratigraphic relationships and

physical properties of basalts.

(g) Project recently initiated. Preliminaxy

results indicate great value of logging

methods

.

(6162) METHODS OF ESTIMATING GROUND-WATER RECHARGE

NEAR THE MARGINS OF PLATEAU BASALTS,

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(d) Field and laboratory; basic and applied.

(e) To evaluate the parameters affecting recharge

of basalt aquifers where they impinge on the

paleo topography.

(f) Completed.

(g) Primary control of recharge was determined to

be associated with buried stream valleys.

(h) "Factor Affecting Ground-Water Recharge in

the Moscow Basin, Latah County, Idaho,"

Chang-Lu Lin, M.S. Thesis, Wash. State Univ.,

1967.

(6163) INVESTIGATION OF TECHNIQUES TO PROVIDE ADVANCE

WARNING OF GROUND-WATER POLLUTION HAZARDS

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AQUIFERS IN GLACIAL OUTWASH.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research.

(d) Field and laboratory; basic and applied.

(e) To develop techniques for evaluating groimdwater pollution hazards so that control measures can be Instituted before public

health is endangered.

(g) Seismic and gravity surveys of the Spokane

Valley have been completed. A drilling program was conducted during the past sxjmmer and

data are being analyzed.

(h) "A Data Acqmsition System for Radiation We3J. Logs," James W. Crosby III and James D. Logan,

preprint of paper presented to Amer. Geophys.

Union.

(6l6l4-) SPILLWAY CHARACTERISTICS FOR FISH PASSAGE,

(b) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
(d) Analytical; applied research.

(e) Analytical studies are being conducted to analyze and momentum flux of water

passage over existing spillways and associated

stilling basins of hydroelectric power projects. End results are a determination of

acceptable and harmful characteristics of said

spillways with regard to downstream fish

migration.

imVERSITY OF WASHIWGTOM, Charles W. Harris Hydraulics

Laboratory, Seattle, V/ashington 9^105

(it-725) SALT WATER EMTRAIMMEWT FOR DILUTION IN SEWER

OUTFALLS.

(See also Water Resources Research Catalog

Vol. 2, 5.1153).

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin., U.S. Dept. of the Interior.

(c) Prof. R.E. Nece, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ.

of Washin^on.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) The mechanism of the entrainment of a fluid

from an infinite region of ambient fliaid through discrete ports into a conduit flowing

full is to be studied experimentally and

analytically. One possible application is for

pre-dilution in marine sewer outfalls.

(g) Data have been obtained for a range of single

circular ports of varying sizes for zero and

small density differentials between conduit

and ambient fluids. Multi-port data have been

obtained for the zero density differential

case. Annular port entrainment and mixing data

have been obtained for density differentials.

(h) Three M.S. theses completed (available on loan).

"Single-Port Suction Manifolds," R.E. Hece,

P.P. Goldstern and J.L. Black, Jour .Hydraulics

Div., Proc. ASCE, Vol. 92, No. HYl, Jan. I966,

pp. k3-6h.

(5532) BED SHEAR AS AN INDEX OF HYDRAULIC JUMP

EFFICIENCY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. R.E. Nece; see (1+725) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Boundary shear stresses are used as an index

of determining energy dissipation efficiencies

of hydraulic jump in rectangular stilling

basins; the procedure provides another description of the effective length of the jump

as that within which the bed shear is reduced

to safe limits.

(g) Data have been obtained for jumps on a horizontal floor and with j\anps having approach

slopes of 1 in 5, 1 in 3, and 1 in 1.5.

Limited shear data are available for two basin

configurations containing end sills and baffle

piers

.

(h) One M.S. thesis completed (available on loan).

"Downstream Bed Shear Stress as Measure of

Hydraulic Jump Efficiency," R.E. Nece and K. Mahmood, oral presentation, ASCE Hydraulics

Div. Conf., Aug. I965, Tucson, Ariz.

(Oi+9W) EFFECT OF DAM CONSTRUCTION ON DOWNSTREAM WATER

TEMPERATURE. (Formerly No. 5698). For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, 6.0i+22.

(611+8) INTERNAL CURRENTS RESULTING FROM INTERMEDIATE DENSITY INFLOWS INTO STRATIFIED RESERVOIRS.

(b) State of Washington Water Research Center.

(c) Prof. E.R. Nece; see (1+725) above.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) A laboratory study to study the internal

currents established by the inflow of intermediate density into a density-stratified

reservoir.

(611+9) REFLECTED WAVES IN LAKE WASHINGTON.

(b) Washington State Highway Commission, Olympia,

Washington; and U.S. Bureau of Public Roads.

(c) Prof. E.P. Richey, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ.

of Washington.

(d) A field investigation with some theoretical

background for the field measurements; applied

research.

(e) Some field data were obtained on the excursion

and decay of wind-waves in the deep-water

category after they reflected from a vertical

wall, with the objective to determine what areas of the lake might be influenced by the

reflected waves.

(f) Completed.

(g) Meteorological data and a simple analytical

model provided a means of determining the

frequency and extent of significant reflected

wave patterns

.

(h) The terminal report has been submitted to the

sponsoring agencies.

(6150) ATTENUATION OF DEEP-WATER WAVES.

(b) Washington State Highway Commission, Olympia,

Washington.

(c) Profs. E.P. Richey and R.E. Nece, Dept. of

Civil Engrg. , Univ. of Washington.

(d) Experimental and theoretical applied research

for masters' theses.

(e) Experimental and theoretical investigation of

the relative efficiencies of hydraulic,

pneumatic and fixed structural devices to minimize the energy of the reflected waves.

(6151) SOLUTION OF DUPUIT'S EQUATION FOR THREE-DIMEN- SIONAL SEEPAGE PROBLEMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. Bruce Hunt, 305 Hydraulics Lab., Dept.

of Civil Engrg., Univ. of Washington.

(d) Theoretical; basic and applied research.

(e) A method is being developed to solve Dupioit's

equation for three-dimensional, free-surface

seepage problems by a conformal mapping technique . (g) The method has been applied to a particular

seepage problem and a solution has been obtained.

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, Department of Oceanography,

Seattle, Washington 98IO5

(6282) ESTUARINE CIRCULATION STUDIES.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Prof. Maurice Rattray, Jr., Dept. of Oceanography, Univ. of Washington.

(d) Experimental, theoretical and field investigations; basic research which includes thesis

problems

.

(e) A completed study on the dynamics of estuarine

circulations with physical behavior of any

estuarine system.

Iii5
(6283) BOTTOM CURKENTS AND THE MOVEMENT OF SEDIMENT

ACROSS THE CONTINENTAL SHELF.

(b) U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Div. of Biology

and Medicine.

(c) Prof. Joe S. Creager, Dept. of Oceanography,

Univ. of Washington.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research.

(e) A study of the relationships between boundary

layer flow and sediment transport in the marine

environment, with emphasis on the effects of

unsteady flow features of bottom currents in

shallow marine waters and on the flow over

dunes as it relates to sediment transport.

(g) An Instrument system capable of making

measxarements of water velocity distribution

near the bed, sediment distribution and

geometry of the sediment-water interface has

been built, tested in the field, and used in

data collection. Data from a number of tidal

channels have been analyzed. Theoretical ana- lyses of flow over sand waves have been

developed.

"An Instrument to Measure Boundary Layer Flow

and Sediment Transport over the Sea Floor ,

Joe S. Creager and R.W. Sternberg, Univ. of

Washington, Dept. of Oceanography, Special

Rept. Wo. 36, 31 p. , 196k. "An Intrument System to Measure Boundary Layer

Conditions at the Sea Floor," Joe S. Creager

and R.W. Sternberg, Marine Geology, Vol. 3, 1965, pp. hT^-kQ2.

"Boundary Layer Observations in a Tidal Current,"

R.W. Sternberg, Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. 71)

1966, pp. 2175-2178.

"Measurements of Sediment Movement and Ripple

Migration in a Shallow Marine Environment,"

R.W. Sternberg, Marine Geology, Vol. 5, 1967,

pp. 195-206.

"Friction Factors in Tidal Channels with Differing Bed Roughness," R.W. Sternberg, Marine

Geology (in press).

"Stability of a Sand Bed Subjected to a Shear

Flow of Low Froude Number," J.D. Smith, submitted to Jour. Fluid Mech.

(h)

"Waterflow Through a Salmon Spawning Riffle

in Southeastern Alaska," W.L. Sheridan, USFWS

Special Scientific Report, Fisheries No. ^+07, 20 pp . , 1962

.

"Red Superimposition and Egg Capacity of Pink

Salmon Spawning Beds," W.J. McNeil, Jour. Fish.

Res. Bd. Canada, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 1385-1395,

196k.

"A Method of Measuring Mortality of Pink Salmon

Eggs and Larvae," W.J. McNei'l, USFWS Fishery

Bull., Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 575-588, 196k.

"Sedimentation in a Salmon Stream," S. Philip

Shapley and Daniel M. Bishop, Jour. Fish. Res.

Bd. Canada, Vol. 22, No. k, pp. 919-928, I963.

"Fine Particle Movement Through a Granular

Bed, R.D. Mclrvin. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Wash.,

Seattle, 55 pp., I965.

"Effect of the Spawning Bed Environment on Reproduction of Pink and Chum Salmon, " William

J. McNeil. USFWS Fishery Bull., Vol. 65. No. 2, 1+95-523, 1566.

"study of the Effects of Logging on Pink

Salmon in Alaska," Ernest 0. Salo. Proc.

Soc . American Foresters, Seattle, Washington,

1966, pp. 59-62, 1967.

(6833) SIMULATION OF A WATER RESOURCE SYSTEM.

(See also Water Resources Research Catalog,

Vol. 2, 6.OI4-I5).

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, Fisheries Research Institute , Seattle, Washington 98105

(3535)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

EFFECTS OF LOGGING ON PINK SALMON IN ALASKA.

Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Auke Bay,

Alaska

.

Dr. Ernest 0. Salo, Fisheries Research Inst.,

Univ. of Washington.

Determination of effects of logging on water

quality of Alaska streams, field investigation,

applied and basic research.

Determination of rate of flow and q^uallty of

water in salmon spawning beds. Purpose of

recording the effects of logging on water

quality, hence salmon ecology.

Completed.

The relationship of (l) rate of flow, (2)

dissolved oxygen and (3) permeability of

spawning bed gravel and salmon embryo survival

has been established.

"Frequency of Digging Movements of Female Pink

Salmon Before and After Egg Deposition," W.L. Sheridan, Animal Behavior, Vol. 8, No. 3-'+, pp. 228-230, i960.

"Temperature Relationships in a Pink Salmon

Stream in Alaska, W.L. Sheridan, Ecology,

Vol. k2, No. 1, pp. 91-98, 1961.

(683M

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

State of Washington Water Research Ctr.

Dr. Donald E. Bevan, Assoc. Dean, College of

Fisheries, Univ. of Washington.

This is a theoretical investigation encompassing

both basic and applied research. Three thesis

projects are being supported.

The project aims to produce a series of

computer simula.tlon models and analytical techniques which will be liseful for studying some of the physical, chemical and biological

aspects of the Duwamish River and its estuary.

Simulation models of flow conditions and sea- ward migration of juvenile salmon have been

written. A background has been laid towards

the development of a simulation model of water

quality in the Duwamish Estuary.

"Annual Report - Public Law 88-379, Simulation

of a Water Resource System," W.H. Lenarz.

Univ. Wash., Fish. Res. Inst., Seattle, Wash.,

k pp., 1967.

"A Modern Approach to the Study of Estuaries,

with Specific Reference to the Duwamish River,

Washington," D.M. Miller, J.A. Wetherall, and

W.H. Lenarz, Thirty-second N. Amer. Wildl.,

Trans., I65-I73, I967.

CHUM SALMON SPAWNING CHANNEL.

U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (Anadromous

Fish Act funds) and Fisheries Research Inst.,

Univ. of Washington.

Dr. Ernest 0. Salo; see (3535) above.

Experimental field investigation, applied

research; one thesis project is being supported.

An artificial spawning channel for chum salmon

with areas of varying spawning gravel quality

has been built at the University of Washington

field station on Big Beef Creek, Hood Canal.

Success of chum salmon fry production and fry

quality will be measured In relation to physical

factors in the natural and controlled environments. Channel has been completed and spawning has

taken place. Fry production still to be

measured.

11+6

(O5OW) DETERMINATION OF INFLUENCE OF WATER QUALITY

ON SALMON IN THE DUWAMISH ESTUARY (formerly
No. 5959, ESTUARIKE ECOLOGY).

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, 5.1114-2.

(h) "A Modern Approach to the Study of Estuaries,

with Specific Reference to the Duwamish River,

Washington," D.M. Miller, J.A. Wetheral, and

W.H. Lenarz, Thirty-second N. Amer. Wildl.

Trans., 165-173, 1967.

"Study of the Migration and Spawning Distritution of the Runs of Chinook and Coho Salmon

in the Green-Duwamish River System in the Fall

of 1965," D.M. Miller and G.D. Stauffer, Univ.

Wash., Fish Res. Inst. Circ. 6T-h, 21 pp., 1967.

"Estuarine Ecology Progress Report," Anon.

Univ. Wash., Fish. Res. Inst., Seattle, Wash.,

52 pp., 1968.

WEBB INSTITUTE OF MAVAL ARCHITECTURE , Glenn Cove,

Long Island, New York 115')-2

(5202) DETERMHIATION OF SHIP WAVE RESISTANCE.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Center.

(c) Dr. Lawrence W. Ward, Prof, of Engrg. , Webb

Inst, of Naval Architecture.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Investigation of means for direct experimental

determination of ship wave resistance from

measurements of the wave pattern during a model test. Purpose includes improvement in

scaling model test results to full size as well as basic understanding of nature of ship

resistance

.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Method utilizing forces exerted by the wave pattern on a long vertical cylinder has been

developed and tests run. Results are en- couraging and in agreement with other investigators. New method utilizing wave slope

records have been investigated and found

promising

.

(h) "An Assessment of Some Experimental Methods

for Determining the Wavemaking Characteristics

of a Ship Form," K.W.H. Eggers, S.D. Sharma,

and L.W. Ward, Trans. Soc . Naval Arch, and

Marine Engrs . , I967.

"Wave Resistance Surveys on a Ship Model of

Minimum Resistance," Lawrence W. Ward, Webb

Institute, Aug. 1965-

"Experimental Determination of Ship Wave Resistance from the Wave Pattern," Lawrence

W. Ward, Webb Institute, Nov. 196k.

(5203) ASSESSMENT OF SEAKEEPING CHARACTERISTICS OF

SHIPS.

(b) Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engrs.,

Panel H-7 of Hydrodynamic Committee.

(c) Prof. Edward V. Lewis, Research Prof, of Naval

Architecture, Webb Institute of Naval Architecture . (d) Theoretical application of available experimental results and confirmation by model tests; applied research.

(e) Application of available knowledge of ship

model behavior in regular waves to the prediction of trends of ship performance in

realistic irregular wave patterns. Experimental confirmation by means of model tests

in waves. Purpose is to provide the ship

designer with guidance in the selection of

hull characteristics.

(f) Theoretical work is completed; experimental

phase is active.

(g) The advantage of a high length/draft ratio in

permitting higher speeds before shipping water

forward is clearly shown. A corresponding

disadvantage in terms of likelihood of

slamming is found, requiring a balance to be

made in selecting optimum ship characteristics.

(h) "Applying Results of Seakeeping Research,"

E.V. Lewis, Fifth Symposium of Naval Hydrodynamics, Bergen, Norway, September, 196k,

(published by Office of Naval Research,

Washington, D.C.). "Assessment of Seakeepability , " Norman Hamlin

and Roger Compton, Webb Institute, June 1965-

(591+2) MODEL STUDIES OF SHIP SLAMMING IN WAVES.

(b) American Bureau of Shipping.

(c) Dr. Walter Maclean, Prof, of Engrg., Webb Inst,

of Naval Architecture.

(d) Experimental study making use of ship models

in waves; applied research.

(e) Two 5-foot models, jointed at amidships for

measurement of wave bending moments , are being

run in waves to determine the conditions for

bottom slamming to occur and to compare with

theoretical predictions. Pressure measurements

at one point on bottom are being taken.

(g) Fairly good correlation has been obtained between relative vertical velocity at the bow

and the occurrence of slamming. However,

better correlation is expected when velocity

is measured at a point further aft.

(h) "Further Model Tests for the Investigation of

Slamming," W. Maclean, Progress Report No. 11,

June 1967.

THE WESTERN COMPANY, Research Division, 2201 Water- view Pkwy. , Richardson, Texas 75080

(5291) EFFECT OF POLYMER COILING ON DRAG REDUCTION.

(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) Dr. H.R. Crawford, G.T. Pruitt, B.R. Rosen,

The Western Company, Research Div.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Turbulent friction loss of dilute solutions of

polymers in various solvent systems is being

determined to relate the degree of polymer

coiling to the turbulent drag reduction.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Effect of Polymer Coiling on Drag Reduction,"

The Western Company, Research Div. , contract

final report, DDC, Cameron Station, Alexandria,

Va., 223111.

(5960) TURBULENT HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF

VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS.

(b) NASA, Physics of Flioids Branch.

(c) Dr. H.R. Crawford, G.T. Pruitt, N.F. Whitsitt,

The Western Co., Research Div.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Turbulent heat transfer coefficients are being

determined for viscoelastic solutions of

various polymers in distilled water, to allow

prediction of turbulent heat transfer

characteristics for this type of fluid.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Turbulent Heat Transfer to Viscoelastic

Fluids," The Western Company, Research Div.,

contract final report, NASA Scientific and

Technical Information Facility, P.O. Box 33,

College Park, Md., 207^+0.

(6261) EFFECT OF BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS ON POLYMER

DRAG REDUCTION.

11+7
(b) Naval Ship Research and Development Ctr.

(c) N.F. Whitsitt, L.H. Harrington, Dr. H.R. Crawford, The Western Co., Research Div.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The effect of pipe diameter and boundary layer

thickness on turbulent drag reduction is being

determined.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, Hydraulics and Sanitary

Engrg. Laboratories , Madison, Wisconsin 53706

(3539) MEASUREMENT OF LIQUID VELOCITY AND TURBULENCE.

(b) Office of Water Resources Research, U.S. Dept.

of the Interior.

(c) Dr. J.R. Villemonte, Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

1261 Engrg. Bldg., Univ. of Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied research for M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) A three-element probe has been developed to permit the simultaneous observation of two components of the instantaneous near-point

velocities in liquid flow in closed ducts

using an application of the principle of

electro-magnetic induction. Reynolds stresses

are computed as well as time and space correlations and resulting energy spectra.

(h) "Liquid Turbulent Investigation with an Electro-Magnetic Probe," H.J. Day and J.R. Villemonte, Proc. 9th Midwestern Mechanics

Conf., 1965, Univ. of Wisconsin.

"Analog and Digital Computer Analysis of

Liquid Turbulent Flow Measured with a ElectroMagnetic Probe," H.J. Day, J.R. Villemonte,

and R. Gratz, presented at IJth Annml

Hydraulics Conf., ASCE, Aug. 1966, Madison,

Wise

.

(h232) CHARACTERISTICS OF A DENSITY STRATIFIED FLUID,

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. P.L. Monkmeyer, 1261C Engrg. Bldg., Univ.

of Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical; basic research for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Dynamic characteristics of density-stratified

fluids are being investigated. Particular em- phasis has been placed on a study of the mechanics of Langmuir circulation, in an effort to explain the phenomenon of windrows on lakes.

(f) Completed.

(g) A mathematical model of Langmuir circulation

has been developed. The model consists of a shear flow superimposed upon a field of thermal

convection cells. Comparison with existing

field data shows that the model reproduces many

characteristics of Langmuilr circulation.

(h) "A Thermal Model of Langmuir Circulation," P.D. Uttormark, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Wise, 1967-

(k-J^k) FLOW BETWEEN CONCENTRIC ROTATING CYLINDERS.

(b) Wisconsin Al\minl Research Foundation; and

Fairbanks Morse Co.

(d) Dr. P.L. Monkmeyer; see (i(-252) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) This study is concerned with the characteristics of turbulent flow in an annulus, with

rotating inner cylinder. Theoretical prediction and experimental confirmation of

shearing stresses, torque, pressure gradients,

and friotional resistance are being sought.

(f) Completed.

(g) A theory has been developed to predict the

frictional resistance to tiirbulent flow in

ii+a

a rotating annulus. Experimental confirmation

has been obtained over a limited range of

flow conditions,

(h) "Turbulent Helical Flow in an Annulus," L.W. Gelhar, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin,

196h. A paper has been submitted to ASCE

for publication.

(1+736) UNSTEADY FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Wisconsin Water Resources Center; Wisconsin

Al\jmni Research Foundation; and National

Science Foundation.

c) Dr. P.L. Monkmeyer; see (1+252) above.

d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied research for Ph.D. theses and M.S.

projects.

(e) The following problems in unsteady flow

through a porous medium are under investigation; use of sound waves to determine

permeability; effect of stream bank clogging

on unsteady flow of ground water; unconfined,

unsteady flow of groundwater toward a surface

stream.

(g) A theory, predicting the behavior of soimd waves transmitted through an air- saturated

porous medium has been developed and verified experimentally. Field data have been

used to confirm a new theory which describes

the effect of a clogged streambank on the

flow of ground water toward a surface stream. The Dupuit-Forchheimer equation for unsteady

unconfined radial flow toward a well has

been solved by numerical means and the results

prepared in the form of type curves.

(h) In addition to those reported earlier:

"Unsteady Unconfined Ground Water Flow Toward

a Well," W.A. Murray, Project Rept. , Dept.

of Civil Engrg., Univ. of Wisconsin, I966.

(5597) THE HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A DROP INLET.

(b) W.A. Kates Company.

(c) Dr. J.R. Villemonte; see (3539) above.

(d) Experimental; design for an M.S. thesis.

(e) The hydraulic characteristics of a drop inlet

typical of a type used by the U.S.D.A.

Agricultural Research Service in small headwater control dams have determined by model

studies with particular emphasis on the

effect of roughness in the outlet pipe under

the dam.

(f) Completed.

(g) Internal reports are in the process of preparation presenting the characteristics observed.

(5598) CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVITY WAVES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. P.L. Monkmeyer; see (1+252) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) Higher order theories for finite height

gravity waves are under study.

(g) A higher order non-linear theory for deep

water waves of finite amplitude has been

developed.

(h) "A Higher Order Theory for Deep Water Waves,"

by P.L. Monkmeyer and J.E. Kutzbach, Proc. ASCE Coastal Engrg. Conf., Santa Barbara,

1965.

(5790) DISPERSION IN FLOW THROUGH NON-HOMOGENEOUS

POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Wisconsin Water Resources Center.

(c) Dr. J.A. Hoopes, 1212 Engrg. Bldg., Univ. of

Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research
(g)

for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) A theoretical description, coupled with

experimental confirmation, of the distribution

of a conservative pollutant in flow through

different patterns of non- homogeneous media is

being sought. The purpose of this study is to develop methods for predicting the resulting distribution of a substance introduced

into a natural ground water flow.

By treating the media as a continuum with a spatially-varying longitudinal dispersion

coefficient, a solution for the distribution

of a dissolved substance in one -dimensional

flow has been obtained.

(5791) CIRCUIATION AKD MIXING PROCESSES IN lAKES.

(b) Wisconsin Water Resources Center.

(c) Dr. R.A. Ragotzkie, k25 Science Hall; Dr.

J.A. Hoopes, 1212 Engrg. Bldg. , Univ. of

Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical, experimental, and field; basic

research for M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) This investigation deals with field and

laboratory model studies of the current and

temperature profiles of Lake Superior. These

studies will be integrated and combined with

mathematical models in an effort to imderstand and predict motions within the lake

and the resulting distribution of substances

Introduced at various points in the lake.

(g) A frictionless, mathematical model of the

large scale circulation in the Great Lakes

(c\arrents and internal waves) has been obtained

and compared with observations. A small-scale

rotating model of Lake Superior has been con- structed.

(h) "Large-Scale Motion in the Great Lakes," G.T. Csanady, Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. 72, No. I6, pp. l4-151-'+l62, Aug. 15, 1967.

"The Keweenaw Current - a Regular Feature of

the Summer Circulation of Lake Superior,"

R.A. Ragotzkie, Tech. Rept. 29, Dept. of

Meteorology, Univ. of Wisconsin, I966.

(6620) TURBULENCE IN JETS AND STRATIFIED FLOWS.

(b) Wisconsin Water Resources Center.

(c) Dr. John A. Hoopes, 1212 Engrg. Bldg, and Dr. H.H. Lettau, Science Hall, Univ. of Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) Theoretical expressions for the mean and

turbulent velocity fields for a two-dimensional submerged jet are being developed and

tested for a two-dimensional water jet.

Velocities are determined using an electromagnetic probe (see project 3539).

(6621) INFLUENCE OF TURBULENCE ON OIL-WATER

SEPARATION.

(b) American Petroleum Institute.

(c) Dr. John A. Hoopes, 1212 Engr. Bldg.; Dr. L.B. Polkowski, 3206 Engrg. Bldg.; and Dr. W.C. Boyle, 3230 Engrg. Bldg., Univ. of Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for M.S. and Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The rates of agglomeration and breakup of oil

droplets and the equilibrium droplet sizes are being studied theoretically and in the

stationary, turbulent flow field between

parallel, oscillating plates as a function

of droplet concentration and turbulence level.

The purpose of this study is to improve

secondary oil recovery in oil refinery, waste

water, separation basins.

(6622) INDUCED CIRCULATIONS AND DISSIPATION OF HEAT

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

(6623)

(b)

(c)

(cl)

(e)

i662h)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(6625)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

FROM CONDENSOR COOLING WATER DISCHARGE.

Madison Gas and Electric Company, Madison

Wisconsin.

Dr. John A. Hoopes; see (5790) above.

Theoretical, experimental and field; basic

and applied research for Ph.D. thesis.

This is a study of the heat transfer between

jets of warm water, discharged horizontally

at the edge of Lake Monona by the Company's

cooling water outfalls, and the surrounding

lake and atmosphere. The investigation

involves field measurements of the velocity

and temperature patterns Induced by the jets

throughout the year, mathematical models of

the phenomena, and a laboratory model. The

purpose of this study is to define the region

of the lake affected by the heat and to con- sider alternate methods of discharging the warm water to reduce this region.

A mathematical model has been developed which

describes the induced circulations and the

dilution of the heat by the lake. The model

describes the field measurements.

A Ph.D. thesis has been completed; it is

being prepared for publication.

DISTURBED LAMINAR FLOW DUE TO PIPE FITTINGS

AND BRANCHES.

Laboratory project.

Dr. J.R. Villemonte, Prof, of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Wisconsin, 126l Engrg. Bldg.

Experimental; applied research for Ph.D.

thesis.

The Reynolds number range is 10<.R<30,000 in

pipes using oil. The disturbance due to standard type pipe fittings and combined and

divided flows in branches is being studied.

The objective of the program is to develop

design criteria which can be used for estimating energy losses due to fittings operating in the laminar flow regime.

THERMOCLINE DEVELOPMENT IN LAKES.

Laboratory project; and Wisconsin Alumni

Research Foundation.

Dr. J.A. Hoopes, 1212 Engrg. Bldg., Univ. of

Wisconsin

.

Theoretical; basic research for M.S. degree.

The transient, vertical distribution of

temperature in lakes and reservoirs is being

studied, using several models for the vertical

transport of heat and momentum. The objective

of the work is to develop a model for the

temperature structiure of a lake which describes

the location and stability of the thermocllne.

The linearized energy equation has been solved

for the vertical temperature distribution due

to sinusoidal, surface temperature variation.

THERMALLY INDUCED MIXING AND OVER-TURNING OF

STRATIFIED LAKES AND IMPOUNDMENTS.

Univ. of Wisconsin Geological and Natural

History Survey; and the Engrg. Experiment

Sta.

Dr. John A. Hoopes; see (6621*-) above.

Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for M.S. thesis.

Two mathematical models, describing the flow

pattern and the rate of dilution induced by

the discharge of a buoyant plume or jet Into

a stratified lake, are being investigated and

tested In a small circular tank. The purpose

of this work is to investigate the feasibility

of Inducing vertical mixing In stratified

11^9
lakes through the introduction of warm water

(power plant or industrial discharge) at the

bottom of a lake.

(6626) SMALL WATERSHED RUNOFF BY NUMERICAL MODEL.

(b) Water Pollution Control Administration; and

laboratory project.

(c) Dr, Robert F. Carlson, 121h Engrg. Bldg.,

Univ. of Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical; basic research for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) A general numerical model for small basins

was developed which computes the direct s\arface runoff response from excess precipitation

input. The components of the model are described by a set of physically based equations,

and the structure of the model is based on the

stream order method of describing the drainage

net.

(f) Completed.

(g) Experimental computer runs were made to verify

the model. Observed hydrographs from a small

rural watershed were reproduced with fair

accuracy. The structure of the model appears

to be the most promising aspect of this work.

(h) "Small Watershed Surface Runoff by Numerical

Model," Ph.D. thesis, Robert F. Carlson, 196?.

(6627) THE DYMMIC RESPONSE OF PILE STRUCTURES

SUBJECTED TO WAVE FORCES.

(b) Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; and

Ford Foundation.

(c) Dr. P.L. Monkmeyer, 1261C Engrg. Bldg., Univ.

of Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and applied research for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) The objective of this study is to develop

analytical, rather than empirical, expressions

for the prediction of the forces on and the

response of sea structures, especially piles,

when these structures are exposed to deepwater and intermediate-depth progressive waves. Particular emphasis will be placed on pile

vibrations of large-diameter piles and pile

groups, in deep water. Experimental confirmation of the theory will be sought using a laboratory wave channel.

(6628) SOIL MOISTURE PREDICTION USING THE ANTECEDENT

RETENTION INDEX.

(b) Agricultural Research Service; and Wisconsin

Agricultural Experiment Station.

(c) Dr. A.T. Lenz, Chairman, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

2203 Engrg. Bldg., Univ. of Wisconsin.

(d) Theoretical study and field investigation for

M.S. thesis.

(e) The objective of this study is to examine

models for computing Antecedent Retention

Index values by comparisons with observed

available soil moisture.

(f) Completed.

(g) Two models for calculating antecedent moisture

index values are evaluated by comparisons with

measured soil moisture. One model is based on

the traditional antecedent precipitation index

equation and the second uses an evapotranspiration-soil moisture relation. Index values

by both models compare favorably with available soil moisture when derived K and PET

values are used.

(h) "Antecedent Retention Indexes Predict Soil

Moisture," K.E. Saxton and A.T. Lenz, Jour. Hydraulics Div., ASCE, Vol. 93, No. HYl+, Proc. Paper 5351, PP. 223-2i+l, July I967.

(6629) DYimMCS OF VISCOUS DENSITY-STRATIFIED FLOW.

(b) Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.

(c) Dr. P.L. Monkmeyer; see (6627) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied research for Ph.D. thesis.

(e) This study is concerned with the two-dimensional flow of a non-diffusive, viscous,

density-stratified fluid toward a point sink.

The object of the study is the development of

expressions for the shape of the expected

withdrawal layer and the form of its associated

velocity profiles as a function of spatial

coordinates, discharge and characteristics of

the density- stratified fluid. A laboratory

tank will be utilized to test the theoretical

expressions. Application of the results of this

study to selective withdrawal from surface

impoundments for water quality control will be

considered.

(g) Theoretical results have been obtained for the

case of a point sink located in the lower corner of a semi-infinite, rectangular flow

field.

WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION , Woods Hole,

Massachusetts 025it3

('4-737) HYDRODYNAMICS OF ROTATING LIQUIDS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. Alan Ibbetson, Mass. Inst, of Tech,

Cambridge, Mass. 02139

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Hydrodynamics of rotating liquid systems having

variable depth, including blocking action by

bottom topography ("Taylor columns") and

measurements on Rossby waves in an open

rotating basin.

(f) Completed.

(g) Measurements on Rossby waves in liquid anniolus,

including dispersion relationship, damping

coefficient, reflection properties.

(h) "The Construction of a One-Meter Diameter

Rotating Table," A. Ibbetson and R.E. Frazel,

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution unpublished report, Ref. 6'3-k-l, Aug. I965.

"An Experimental Study of "Taylor Columns","

R. Hide and A. Ibbetson, Icarus, Vol. 5, No. 3, May 1966.

"Some Laboratory Experiments on Rossby Waves

in a Rotating Annulus," A. Ibbetson and Norman

Phillips, Tellus,. Vol. XIX, No. 1, 1967,

pp. 81-87.

(6I171) THEORETICAL AND HYDRODYmMIC STUDIES.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

Dr. Claes Rooth, Woods Hole Oceanographic

Institution.

Theoretical; basic research.

Analog computer simulation of a simple hydraulic

system, consisting of two containers of wellmixed liquid connected by a pair of insulated

tubes at different elevations. The containers

are in diffusive contact with exterior baths

with prescribed time-variable properties.

Completed.

The system is the simplest possible analog of

a thermohaline circulation. By adding a pumping mechanism, the effects of simiiltaneous

driving by density differences and by mechanical forces is simulated. It is shown that

multiple equilibrium states may exist, leading

to bimodal distribution of states if a random

forcing is applied.

150
(h) "On the Interaction of Gravitational and

Dynamic Forcing In Simple Circulation Models,"

Henry Stommel and Claes Rooth, Deep Sea

Research, Vol. 15, p. 555, 1967-

WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC IMSITUTE, Alden Research

LaTsoratories , Worcester, Mass. 01609

Inquiries concerning the following projects should be

addressed to Prof. Lawrence C. Neale, Director,

Research Laboratories, Worcester Poly. Inst.

(1963) METER CALIBRATIONS,

(b) Foxboro

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) Calibration of varioiis sizes of magnetic flow

tubes (1" to 36" diameter) and a variety of

nozzle and orifice plate assemblies.

(f) Tests in progress.

(3859) METER CALIBRATIONS.

(b) B-I-F Industries, Providence, R.I.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) Calibration of open flow nozzles and flow

tubes up to h8" in diameter. Tests performed

in standard test loop and also In mock-up of

particular field installations.

(f) Tests in progress.

('(255) METER CALIBRATIONS.

(b) Badger Meter Company, Milwa\ikee, Wisconsin.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Calibration of open flow nozzles and flow

tubes from 2" to k-8" in diameter in the stan- dard test loop. In addition, tests have been

performed to determine operating characteristics in a variety of field installation

mock-ups Including a number of pipe surface

finishes

.

(f) Tests m progress.

{k-JhS) METER CALIBRATIONS.

(b) Hagan Chemicals and Controls, Inc., Pittsburgh,

Perm.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) Calibration of a variety of sizes and designs

of flow nozzles and flow nozzle assemblies.

(f) Tests in progress.

(5022) DYNAMIC EFFECTS IN FLOW METER COEFFICIENT

PREDICTION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for M.S. thesis.

(e) A number of differential producer type flow

meters are being studied under different

Reynolds Number levels with the same volume

flow rate. It is planned to evaluate the

dynamic effects on the discharge coefficient.

(f) Suspended.

(5279) METER CALIBRATIONS.

(b) ITT General Controls, Warwick, R.I.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) Calibration of flow tubes in a range of sizes

from 6" to HQ" has been carried out. Field

piping as well as standard test loop

installation have been used.

(f) Tests in progress.

(5962) METER CALIBRATIONS.

(b) Bailey Meter Company, Wickllffe, Ohio,

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) Calibration of flow nozzles and flow meters

in standard as well as particular metering

and piping configurations for a range of

sizes from 1" to I6" diameter.

(f) Tests in progress.

(5963) METER CALIBRATIONS.

(b) Fischer and Porter Company.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) Calibration of various sizes of magnetic

flow tubes from 2" to k&" diameter.

(f) Tests in progress.

(5970) WILLOW GLEN STEAM POWER PLANT.

(b) Stone and Webster Engineering Corp.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) A 1/21.8 scale model was constructed for the

Gulf State Utility Co. The model included

the discharge flume, stilling basin and river

topography in the immediate area of the' stilling basin. The studies involve evaluation of

the effectiveness of the stilling basin for

present loads plus future projected loads.

Velocity measurements and water surface

elevations as well as indications of scour in

the river beyond the stilling basin have been

recorded.

(f) Tests completed. Report in file.

(5971) WILLOW GLEN STEAM POWER PLANT.

(b) Stone and Webster Engineering Corp.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) A 1/12 scale model of the proposed circulating

water pump intake has been constructed for the

Gulf State Utility Company. The model studies

are to evaluate the alternative designs for

the Intake and water passages. Velocities and

flow distribution will be measured and other

critical phenomena near the pump inlets will

be observed.

(f) Tests m progress.

(6!4-99) HORTHFIELD PUMPED STORAGE DEVELOPMENT.

(b) Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston,

Mass

.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/200 horizontal by 1/60 vertical scale

model of the section of the Connecticut River

between Vernon Dam and T-urners Falls was con- structed for the Northeast Utilities Corporation. The model included provision to re- produce both pumping and generating plants at

the Northfleld Power Plant as well as river

flows at Vernon, Ashelot River, Millers River

and Turners Falls . Studies involve the effect

of various modes of plant operation on the

river and the other plants.

(f) Tests in progress.

(6500) NORTHFIELD PUMPED STORAGE DEVELOPMENT.

(b) Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston, Mass

.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A l/k6 scale model of the intake at the upper

reservoir was constructed for the Northeast

Utilities, Inc. Included in the model was a section of the reservoir, the Intake and a section of the penstock below the intake.

The purpose was to study the flow patterns in

the model during various phases of operation

and to develop the structures and excavations

in such a way to optimize the operation for

both pumping and generating conditions.

( f ) Tests in progress.

151
(6501) NORTHFIELD PUMPED STORAGE DEVELOPMENT.

(b) Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston, Mass.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/25 scale model of a section of the tunnel

and penstocks was fabricated in steel and

plastic for the Northeast Utilities, Inc. The

model was comprised of a section of the large

tunnel, the h6° vertical bend, the bifurcation

and sections of the two penstocks beyond the

bifurcation. The model was arranged to measure pressures at all critical sections as well as velocity profiles, and windows of

clear plastic were installed to permit photographs in the different sections. The study

is concerned with detenuination of the loss

coefficients for the various changes in

section and alignment and with the minimizing

of pressure fluctuations produced by different

combinations of flow in the model.

(6502) BIG BEND POWER STATION.

(b) Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston,

Mass

.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/18 scale model of the discharge channel

for condenser cooling water including the outlet and transition structure for the flow

from Unit No. 1 was constructed for Tampa

Electric Company. The model channel was formed in concrete and the structure in wood

and steel. The flow from future units can be

introduced through the upper end of the

channel. The study involved developing a system of baffles and transitions to produce

a uniform velocity into the channel from the

unit such that no scour or erosion of side

slopes would resiilt.

(f) Tests in progress.

(6503) H.B. ROBINSON POWER PLANT.

(b) Ebasco Services, Inc., New York City.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/10 scale model of the transition and outlet works for the cooling water from the plant

is being constructed for the Carolina Light

and Power Company. The model is constructed

of plastic and steel for the pipe and trans- ition sections and wood and concrete in the areas involving topography of the natural

river bed. The model will be a sectional

model with the split on the centerline re- placed with a sheet of clear plastic to permit

observation of flow through the model. The

study is designed to allow measurement of

velocities at several sections including the

exit to insure a uniform distribution at the

release to the natural bed.

(f) Model under construction.

(6501+) WEBSTER STEAM ELECTRIC STATION.

(b) Ebasco Services, Inc., New York City.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/12.75 scale model of a section of a cooling

water discharge canal was constructed for the

Houston Lighting and Power Company. The model

included the intake and intake drop structure,

a section of the canal, a second drop structure

and a section of the canal downstream. The

study involved evaluating the loss coefficients

for the various parts of the model and installing and testing modifications aimed at reducing the head losses in the canal.

(f) Tests in progress.

(6505) PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER PLANT.

(b) Bechtel Corporation, San Francisco, Calif.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/50 scale model of a section of Massachusetts Bay near the Boston Edison Company plant

was constructed to evaluate storm protection

at the proposed plant. A kOOO ft section of

the shore line and the bay for an equal

distance off shore were reproduced including

the plant cooling water inlet and outlet

structures . A '4-0 ft long variable speed and

variable stroke wave maker was installed to generate the storm driven waves. Electronic

probes were installed at critical locations to measure and record wave heights and frequencie

A variety of breakwater configuration and

combinations are being tested as part of the

program.

(f) Tests in progress.

(6506) CAYUGA STEAM POWER PLANT.

(b) Sargent and Lundy Engineers, Chicago, 111.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A distorted model with scales of I/15O

horizontal and l/20 vertical has been construe

ted for the Public Service of Indiana of a 2-I/2 mile section of the Wabash River at the

site of the power plant. The model includes

sections from k'yOO ft upstream of the cooling

water intake and 1500 ft downstream of the

intake and I5OO ft upstream of the outlet

and ft downstream of the outlet.

(f) Tests in progress.

(65OT) CAYUGA STEAM POWER PLANT.

(b) Foster Wheeler Company.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/10.8 scale model of one pump well from

section in river through racks and screens to include pump area has been constructed of the

Cayuga Steam Power Plant of the Public Service

of Indiana. The studies are designed to optimize the pump well arrangement and to

determine the flow patterns throughout the

structure. The main pump flow is modeled by a

siphon passive type of flow system.

(f) Tests in progress.

(6508) POINT BEACH NUCLEAR PLANT.

(b) Sargent and Lundy Engineers.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A l/lh scale model of the pump well structure

has been fabricated for the Wisconsin Michigan

Power Company. The model includes the intake

pipes, butterfly valves, pump wells and siphon

passive type main pumps. The model is of stee and plexiglass with the pump bells modeled

in fiberglass. The purpose is to study the

flow patterns in the well and to develop a uniform distribution of flow through the

screens and to the main pumps

.

(f) Tests in progress.

(6509) INDIAN POINT STEAM PLANT.

(b) Consolidated Edison Company, New York.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/250 horizontal by I/60 vertical scale

model of a section of the Hudson River is

being constructed for the Consolidated Edison

Company. A It-. 5 mile section of the river

including the Indian Point development of

units one, two and three will be studied. The

model will be operated to reproduce automatically the tide cycle and will be used to study

152
the flow patterns of the heated cooling water

on return to the river. The measurements will

include the flows, detailed velocities and

temperature profiles over the river,

(f) Model \mder construction.

(6510) CORNWALL PUMPED STORAGE DEVELOPMENT.

(b) Consolidated Edison Company.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/150 horizontal by l/75 vertical scale

model of a section of the Hudson River was modeled including the section at the tailrace

of the plant . The studies involved determination of optimum shape of the tailrace and

flow patterns and velocities for various phases

of plant operation and various tide conditions.

Protection of marine life in the river was also

studied.

(f) Tests completed.

(h) Model held in readiness for additional studies.

(6511) KINZUA PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT.

(b) Harza Engineering Corporation.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A l/lfO scale model of the upper reservoir was constructed for the Cleveland Electric

Illuminating Company. The model in addition

to the reservoir included the intake, transition and tunnel to beyond the first bend. The

study included the intake and reservoir con- figuration to insure satisfactory flow. Also

the flow in the tunnel and vertical shaft was fabricated in clear plastic to allow observation as well as measurements of flow distribution.

(f) Tests completed,

(h) Report on file with client.

(6512) JOCASSEE PUMPED STORAGE DEVELOPMEHT.

(b) Duke Power Company.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/50 scale model of the upper reservoir was constructed for the Duke Power Company under

the guidance of Charles T. Main, Inc. engineers.

Included in the model was a section of the

reservoir, the two intake structures, and

sections of the tunnel beneath each structure. The study involved the interaction of the

local topography and the flow into and out of

the structures. Measurements of velocity for a variety of configurations were made both

outside the structures in the reservoir and

within the structures themselves. In addition

a cylinder gate was constructed of fiberglass

and instrumented with strain gauges to evaluate dynamic forces on the gate diiring

various modes of operation.

(f) Tests completed.

(h) Report in preparation.

(6513) PEACH BOTTOM NUCLEAR STATION.

(b) Phil£i,delphia Electric Company.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/300 horizontal by 1/3O vertical scale

model of the section of the Susquehanna River

between Holtwood Dam and Conowingo Dam was constructed. In addition to the Holtwood and

Conowingo installations the Muddy Run Pumped

Storage Plant is included. At the Peach Bottom

site a variety of intake and outlet structures will be studied in evalmting the heat effect

on the reservoir of the Peach Bottom cooling

water. Weekly cycles of plant operation at all four power stations are modeled during a test and temperature measurements at approximately 250 locations are recorded every

minute of model operation. The reservoir

temperature is varied from k-0°F to 85°F and

plant increase has been varied from 8°F to 30°F

(f) Tests in progress.

MORGANTOWN STEAM POWER STATION.

(b) Potomac Electric Power Company.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A l/kOO horizontal by l/kO vertical scale model

of a 16 mile section of the Potomac River has

been constructed. This model includes the

section of the Potomac between Upper Cedar

Point and Swan Point and is in the tidal range

of the river. The controls are designed to automatically produce the selected tide cycle

in the model and to produce river temperatures

from kO°F to 85°F. In addition the incremental

temperature is applied to the plant flow and

can be varied over a range from 0 to 30° F. The study is being conducted to evaluate the

heat effect of the condenser cooling water in

the river. Instrumentation has allowed

approximately I50 temperature probe locations

to record data each minute of operation.

(f) Tests in progress.

(6515) CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT.

(b) Baltimore Gas and Electric Company.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) A 1/1000 horizontal by l/lOO vertical scale

model is being constructed of an 18 mile sec- tion of Chesapeake Bay including the plant site

The limits are from a section above Tilghman

Island to below Hooper's Island. The model is

designed to reproduce the tidal effects that are present in this section of the Bay and will

have a water temperature range of from U-0°F to

85° F. The cooling water effluent from the

model plant will be heated to reproduce the

possible temperatures in the prototype plant.

The purpose of the study is to determine the

flow patterns and distribution of the heated

effluent in the bay.

(f) Model under construction.

(6835) METER CALIBRATIONS.

(b) Ramapo Instruments Company, Bloomingdale, N.J.

(d) Experimental, for design.

(e) Calibration of large type flow meters for appli

cation in pipes varying in size from 8" in

diameter to '4^8" in diameter.

(f) Tests in progress.

WORTHINGTON CORPORATION, Advance Products Div. , kOl Worthington Ave., Harrison, New Jersey 0702

9

(6050) INVESTIGATION OF DISCHARGE PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS IN HIGH PRESSURE PUMPS.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin., Lewis

Research Ctr., Cleveland, Ohio.

(c) G.W. Soete, Chief Engineer.

(e) To determine the sources of pressure oscillations within a high pressure pump, the wave patterns throughout the diffuser and scroll,

and to provide methods to predict the order of

magnitude and the frequency range of these

pressure oscillations.

WYLE LABORATORIES, Research Staff, Hunt svi lie, Ala.

153
(65I+5) AERODYNAMIC NOISE RESEARCH.

(b) Natl. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Marshall

Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.

(c) Dr. M.V. Lowson.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Fundamental theoretical and experimental

studies on the mechanism of boundary layer

pressure fluctuations including separated

flow and the flow over protuberances. Program

includes the definition of models and mechanisms for turbxilent boundary layer flow, and

the design and completion of experiments to prove out these hypotheses.

ADDENDUM

UNIVERSITY OF MCCHIGAN, Dept. of Civil Engrg .

See p. 77 for full listings of this department.

(614-23) UNSTEADY OPEN CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) National Science Foundation.

(c) Professor E.B. Wylie, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Mich., Ann Arbor, Michigan Ij-SlOlj-. (d) Theoretical.

(e) Study of the control of transient conditions

in Open Channels.
PROJECT REPORTS FROM U.S. GOVERNMENT LABORATORIES

U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

SERVICE, Soli and Water Conservation Research Dlv.

CORN BELT BRANCH , 108 Soils Bldg., Univ. of Minnesota,

St. Paul, Minn. 55101, Dr.C.A. VanDoren, Branch Chief.

(1723) HYDRAULICS OF WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES AND

CHANKELS.

See St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lah. Project

Wos. Ill, 1168, and 2386. See also U.S. Dept.

of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,

Soil and Water Conserv. Res. Div., Southern

Plains Branch, Project No. it-335 and Illinois

State Water Survey Division, Project No. 1865.

(b) Cooperative with the Minnesota Agric . Expmt.

Sta.; the St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.;

and the Illinois State Water Survey.

(c) Mr. Fred W. Blaisdell, Research Investigations

Leader, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab., 3d Ave. S.E. at Mississippi River, Minneapolis,

Minnesots 55^1^-

(d) Experimental; applied research for development and design.

(e) Research dealing with the design, construction,

and testing of structures for conserving and

controlling soil and water are carried out

.

Cooperation with and co-ordination of the

tests at the Stillwater, Oklahoma, Outdoor

Hydraulic Laboratory and the Illinois State

Water Survey are maintained. A square drop inlet having a hood barrel en- trance is being tested to determine entrance

loss coefficients for various drop inlet

sizes and heights and various barrel slopes.

Previous tests have evalmted the performance

of this type of inlet.

The elbow and transition between the two-way

drop inlet and the barrel is being studied

to determine the pressures and the best form

to minimize the possibility of cavitation.

The transition between a circular pipe and a rectangular cantilevered outlet is being

studied to determine the best form of the

transition. Studies are also being conducted

on a rectangular cantilevered outlet with a deflector at the exit to throv/ the water away

from the structure and move the scour hole

further downstream,

(g) If the anti-vortex plate is too low, undesirable orifice flow will control the discharge.

If the anti-vortex plate is too high, harmful

vortices will form under the plate. Rules for

determining acceptable plate heights have been

determined. The overhang of the plate must be

greater th^ a certain minimum to insure satisfactory pe^ormance. The action of the two- way drop inlet is that of a self-regulating

siphon. The tests using air agree with the

results obtained from the water tests and are much easier to perform. Air is used as the

model fluid only for the condition of full

conduit flow. To supplement the experiments, potential flow

methods have been used to determine the theoretical coefficient of energy loss at the crest of the two-way drop inlet

.

Six shapes of elbow between the two-way drop

inlet and the transition were tested. The

elbows were evaluated on the basis of high

minimum relative pressures and the presence of

adverse pressure gradients. The theoretical

free streamline elbow had small areas of ad- verse pressure gradients. The best elbow shape

is an ellipse with semi-major and semi-minor axes of 2D and ID. (D is the barrel diameter,)

An elbow made up to two i^5-degree circular

segments of radii d/2 and 3D/2 also has generally satisfactory hydraiilic characteristics.

Seven transitions between the half-square

crown ^half -circular invert cross section

at the elbow exit and the circular barrel

were tested. The best transition is warped

and ID long. Its top, ID above the pipe

invert, is an equilateral triangle ID wide at the elbow exit with its apex at the barrel

entrance. The warped sides are the locus of

lines run perpendicular to the pipe axis from

the edge of the triangular top tangent to the

pipe circumference. A conical transition 2D

long is also satisfactory. This transition has an isosceles triangle top ID above the pipe

invert. The base of the triangle at the

elbow exit is ID wide and its apex is at the

pipe crown at the downstream end of the transition. The sides are vertical right triangular planes D/2 high at the elbow exit. The

hypotenuse drops from D above the pipe invert at the elbow exit to D/2 above the pipe invert

at the downstream end of the transition.

Quadrants of circular cones fill the space

between the vertical side triangular planes

and the nearly horizontal triangular plane top.

The entrance loss coefficients are low and

identical within the limits of experimental

precision for all elbow-transition combinations.

Tests on the hood drop inlet have shown that

the hood barrel entrance can be used to re- duce the minimum required height of the drop

inlet. Minimum sizes of drop inlet and antivortex devices have been determined. Tests

of low-stage orifices in the two-way drop inlet have shown that improper location and improper proportioning of the orifices can prevent priming of the spillway. The proper

location of the orifices and the sizes of the

orifices for satisfactory spillway performance

have been determined.

When the flow cross section is changed abruptly

from a circular pipe to a rectangular open

channel the rectangular channel width must be

l.OD, where D is the pipe diameter, to prevent

excessively high waves and disturbances in the

rectangular channel. To provide space for the

pipe to expand, an expansion section wider than

the outside diameter of the pipe and not longer

than O.5D can be used between the pipe and the

rectangular channel. The channel floor can be

lowered below the pipe invert to accommodate

pipe expansion and permit drainage of the -x expansion section. Although there is a dia- - mond shaped wave pattern with waves of significant height in the l.OD-wide channel, the

transition performance is greatly satisfactory

at all discharges between Q/D^'^ = l^. and 20.

(h) "The Two-Way Drop Inlet for a Closed Conduit

Spillway," Charles A. Donnelly, Jour. Soil

and Water Conservation, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 251-253, Nov. -Dec. 1965.

"Hydraulics of Closed Conduit Spillways, Part

XI, Tests Using Air," Fred W. Blaisdell and

George G. Hebaus, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic

Lab. Tech. Paper No. kk, Ser. B, 52 pp., January 1966

•

155
"Hydraulic Efficiency in Culvert Design,"

Fred W. Blaisdell, ASCE, Jour. Highway Div.

,

Vol, 92, No. HWl, pp. 11-22, Mar. I966.

Closing discussion, Vol. 93, No. HW2, pp. 192-

19k, Nov. 1967.

"Flow in Culverts and Related Design Philosophies," Fred W. Blaisdell, ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Vol. 92, No. HY2, pp. 19-31,

Mar. 1966. Closing discussion, Vol. 9'+, No. HY2, pp. 531-5^0, March 1968.

"Energy Loss at Pipe Jxmctions," Fred W. Blaisdell and Philip W. Manson, ASCE, Jour. Irrigation and Drainage Div., Vol 93, No. IR3,

pp. 59-78, Sept. 1967.

"Hydraulic Design of the Box Inlet Drop Spillway," Fred W. Blaisdell and Charles A. Donnelly,

Agriculture Handbook No. 301, hO pp., Apr. 1966.

(1+271) NEW MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES FOR

DRAINAGE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS.

(1+275) MECHANICS OF SOIL EROSION BY WATER.

(b) Laboratory project, in cooperation with

Purdue Univ. Agriculatural Expmt. Sta., (See

Project No. I+I82, Purdue Univ.).

(c) L.D. Meyer, Agricultural Engr . , Agricultural

Engrg. Bldg. , Purdue Univ., Lafayette,

Indiana I+7907

.

(d) Experimental investigation; basic research.

(e) Laboratory and analytical investigations of

(1) mathematical expressions that relate slope

length, slope steepness, particle size, miolch

rate, etc., to resulting soil erosion; (2)

effects of rainfall impact and runoff hydraulics on soil detachment and transportation;

(3) relation of soil physical properties to soil surface sealing; and (k) mathematical

models of the soil erosion process as basis

for improved methods of erosion prediction

and erosion control.

(g) (1) Mulch rates less than l/2 ton per acre were effective in reducing erosion for many

conditions; (2) erosion was often very

selective in particle sizes transported; (3)

raindrop impact reduced the infiltration rate

of most fine to medium textured soils by more

than 50^; (1+) disturbed slopes that were formed to concave shapes were least erosive;

and (5) a general mathematical model describing

the soil erosion process was developed.

(h) "The Relation of Some Physical and Chemical

Properties of Soils to Surface Sealing," J.V. Manner ing and D. Wiersma, Agronomy Abstracts,

1967.

"Effect of Particle Roughness on Soil Erosion

by Surface Runoff," G.D. Bubenzer, L.D. Meyer,

E.J. Monke, Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engrs.,

Vol. 9, No. 1+, 1967, pp. 562-I+. "Small Amounts of Surface Mulch Reduce

Erosion and Runoff Velocity," L.A. Kramer and

L.D. Meyer, ASAE Paper No. 68-206, I968.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

SERVICE, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division.

NORTHEAST BRANCH, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville,

Maryland 20705, Dr. H.L. Barrows, Branch Chief

(1+283) PROCESSES OF STREAM CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHEAST.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Paul H. Blinco, Civil Engrg. Dept., State Univ.

of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 11+212

(d) Field studies; applied research.

(e) Relationships are established between gross

flow quantities, such as mean velocities,

energy gradients, mean boundary shears, and

bed and bank stability as causes for channel

deformation. Detailed field measurements of

channel geometry and flow parameters are studied and correlated with changes in channel

alignment and sediment discharge.

(g) Data were collected on the superelevation of

the water surface in open channel bends with

the object of developing a method of estimating discharge. An equation which best fits

the data is proposed as:

r 2 Ah = 2.2 In —r^

^

2g

in which Ah is the maximum superelevation in

the bend, v^/2g is the kinetic energy of the

flow at the cross-section being considered,

r Is the radius of the outer bank and r. is

o 1 the radi-us of the inner bank.

The eqmtion can be rearranged to find discharge as a function of superelevation, cross sectional area, and radii of curvature.

Data were collected for a preliminary analysis

of the changes of shape at bends in Buffalo

Creek, near Buffalo, New York, which is part

of the geometry studies of the channel. It was found that unstabilized bends situated

on the shale beds widened according to the

relation

Wm _ TT W

W~ ~ 2 r

o

in which Wm = maximum channel width in a bend,

W = channel width at entrance, and r = radius

of outer bank.

The mean value of the product r 9 /w was found

to be 3 -18 and the probable error of the mean

was calculated as O.16, so that the data can

be said to satisfy the theoretically derived

relation, r /w = tt/9 , in which 9 is the

included angle of the bend and the other

symbols the same as previously expressed.

(1+285) MORPHOLOGY OF STREAM CHANNELS IN NEW ENGLAND.

(1+819) DRAINAGE SYSTEMS FOR ST. LAWRENCE - CHAMPIAIN

LAND RESOURCE AREA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Joseph Bornstein, Agricultviral Engr.,

Agricultural Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Vermont,

Burlington, Vermont O5I+OI (d) Experimental, field investigation; basic and

applied research.

(e) Twelve drainage treatments established on a wet seepy hillside of Cabot loam soil, including two depths of diversion terrace spacings,

two diversion depths, with and without tile at two spacings. Diversion and tile outlets

instrumented to record water flow; piezometers

determine hydraulic gradient and directional

flow; soil moisture monitored by neutron

scatter techniques; alfalfa used as test

crop. Laboratory studies are needed to evaluate freezing and thawing effects, ice lens

formation, and soil temperature effects on soil

water retention and transmission values. The

research is conducted (l) to develop methods

and design criteria for interception drainage

systems on wet seepy, sloping lands, (2) to evalimte environmental factors relating to surface and subsurface water flow.

156
(g) Analysis of data for six periods of drainage

covering parts of 196k, I965, and I966 re- vealed differences related to season of the

year, rainfall amounts, and antecedent soil

moisture. A correlation exists between

incidence of crown rot of alfalfa and inches

per acre of water drained from the land.

Moisture held between l/lO and 15 bars of pressure for the 0 to 2.0 mm size fraction was found to be 24,9^ in the Ap horizon, l6.1^

in the gley horizon, and in the fragipan

horizon. Water uptake rates during the

freezing of coarse and fine sand at three

different constant tension levels of 6, 15, and

30 cm of water showed that at the higher tension, the rate of uptake was greater for the coarse sand, but the total uptake was greater

for the fine sand. At the lower tension, an

erratic, modified step function pattern of

uptake has been consistently experienced.

(h) "Subsurface Drainage and Diversion Discharge

Comparisons on a Sloping Fragipan Soil," J. Bornstein and G.R. Benoit. Amer. Soc. Agric

.

Engr. Trans., Vol. 10, pp. 590-593, 196?.

"Characteristics of Flow to Diversion and Subsurface Drains on a Sloping Fragipan Soil," J. Bornstein, T.J. Thiel, and G.R. Benoit, Amer.

Soc. Agric. Engr. Trans., Vol. 10, pp. 586-589,

1967.

"Alfalfa Survival-Indicator of Sloping Land

Drainage Effectiveness," G.R. Benoit, K.D. Fisher, and J. Bornstein, Agron. Jour., Vol.

59, pp. kkk-kkT, 1967.

"Soil Drainage - a Key to More Efficient Farming," J. Bornstein and G.R. Benoit, Vermont

Farm and Home Science, Winter, 1968.

(lt-820) HYDRODYNAMICS OF CHANMEL SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS.

(b) Laboratory project; cooperative efforts on occasion.

(c) Mr. H.N. Holtan, Director, USDA Hydrograph Lab.,

ARS-SWC, Beltsville, Md. 20705

(d) Basic and applied research.

(e) Specific objectives of this project are to translate the complete system of hydrodynamics,

i.e., the equation of continuity, the equation

of state, and the equation of motion of fluids

to a system appropriate to steady or unsteady

flow (with lateral inflow and outflow) on land

surfaces and through open channels; to define

appropriate watershed and channel initial

values and boundary conditions such as, sur- face or channel roughness, vegetation,

materials and geometry, to insure meaningful

watershed solutions to the hydrodynamical

eqimtions; to develop feasible numerical methods for solving hydrodynamic equations on analog or digital computers; and to work with

other members of the USDA Hydrograph Lab. to verify the surface dynamic aspects of a mathematical model of watershed performance,

(g) A computational watershed surface runoff

system is now being utilized which is derived

from the watershed topographic map. Treating

contour lines as equipotentials , stream lines are drawn normal to the contours, forming flow

tubes. Each flow tube starts on the watershed boundary and continues down slope until

it Intersects a channel. Each flow tube is

divided into curvilinear rectangles on which

land use and treatment, soil type and precipitation can be superimposed. For each flow tube

the input is developed as distributed precipitation excess. Overland flow is routed through

each stream tube and is discharged into a channel as lateral inflow. Channel routing

computations proceed down each natural

channel. The utility of this surface runoff

model is twofold. One, inputs can be modified

according to soil, cultural practice, as land

cover for each incremental area bounded by the

contour lines crossing each stream tube.

Second, the natural drainage patterns composed

of the overland flow and channel flow system

is retained in flow routing computations,

(h) "Kinematic Flood Routing," D.L. Brakensiek,

Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr. Trans., Vol. 10, No.

3, pp. 3'+0-3^^3, 1967.

"A Simulated Watershed Flow System for Hydrograph Prediction; A Kinematic Application,

D.L. Brakensiek, Proc. Intl. Hydrology Symp.,

Fort Collins, pp. 18-214-, 1967.

"Finite Differencing Methods," D.L. Brakensiek,

Water Resources Res., Vol. 3, No. 3, PP- 8^7-

860, 1967.

"The Synthesis of Distributed Imputs for Hydrograph Predictions," D.L. Brakensiek and C.A. Onstad, Water Resources Res., Vol. h, No. 1, pp. 91-9k, 1968.

"Flow Retardance Coefficients for Selected

Prismatic Channels," D.E. Overton, Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr. Trans., Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 327-

329, 1967.

U.S. DEPAIiTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

SERVICE, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division

NORTHERN PLAINS BRANCH, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins,

Colorado 8052I, Dr. C.E. Evans, Branch Chief.

(U826) FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA IN REIATION TO DRAINAGE

AND DISPOSAL POLLUTANTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Harold Duke, Agricultural Engr., Agricultural Research Sei^ice, P.O. Box E, Fort

Collins, Colorado 80521

(d) This is an experimental project, which

considers the basic theories involved.

(e) A highly instrumented sand tank model of a parallel drain system is being used to determine the potential distribution and contribution of the partially saturated zone to the

drain performance. The piarpose is to provide

an accurate means of drain design in finetextured soil.

(g) Using theories of similitude, the results of

the first experiments show promise of modifying

existing flow theories to account for the flow

contribution of the partially sat\irated zone.

(ij-827) DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND AUTOMATION OF SURFACE

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, UPPER COLORADO BASIN.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Dale F. Heermann, Agricultural Engrg.

Dept., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins,

Colorado 80521

(d) Field investigations; applied research, design

(e) Develop and evaluate for efficient water use and crop production facilities, methods, design

criteria, and automation for surface irrigation

systems including hydraulics of flow in border

strips in relation to stream size, slope, crop

retardance, soil roughness, and intake rate. Field investigations are conducted to develop

relationships of factors involving stream

size, slope, soil roughness, crop retardance,

etc., that affect flow of water in furrows
and border strips . Data obtained form the

basis for developing equations to predict

flow characteristics for design purposes

using computer techniques. Automation of

various irrigation methods using semi-automatic devices are studied and performance

evaluated under a wide variety of soil, crop, and climatic conditions.

(lj-832) DRAINAGE FOR RECLAMATION OF SALT-AFFECTED

NON-IRRIGATED SOILS IN RED RIVER VAIIiEY,

NORTH DAKOTA.

(5566) DELTA DEVELOPMENT ABOVE FLOODWATER RETARDING

AND SEDIMENT DETENTION DAMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. David A. Woolhiser, Hydraulic Engr.,

Agricultural Research Service, Engrg. Research

Center, Colorado State Univ. Foothills Campus,

Fort Collins, Colorado 80521.

(d) Experimental investigations j basic and

applied.

(e) Piirpose of project is: (l) to investigate

the dynamic processes involved in delta

(topset bed) development above floodwater or debris storage structures, and (2) to develop

equations and graphical representations describing the delta development processes in

terms of the variables involved.

(f) Suspended.

(g) The intensity of large-scale motion in the

form of secondary currents, surges, and water

surface fluctuations was found to be stronger

during aggradation of the channel than during

degradation and is related to the rate of

aggradation. The rate of delta-area growth is a function of sediment inflow and delta thickness. In a study of the size distribution of

sediments in a three-dimensional delta it was found that the internal structure of a delta

can be related to overall delta geometry.

(h) "Hydraulics of Rivers and Deltas," H.Y. Chang,

Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State Univ.,

Fort Collins. I76 pp., I967.

"Sediment Size Distribution in Deltas," T.A. Reid. MS thesis, Colorado State Univ., Fort

Collins. J2.k pp. , 1967.

"Variation of the Characteristics of Deltaic

and Stream Bed Deposits in Laboratory Studies,"

T.A. Reid, R.H. Brooks and D.B. Simons, Symp. on River Morphology, General Assembly of lUGG,

Bern, Switzerland, 1967-

"The Effect of Water Detention Structures on River and Delta Morphology," H.Y. Chang, D.B. Simons and R.H. Brooks, Symp. on River.

Morphology, General Assembly lUGG, Bern,

Switzerland, 1967.

(5567) AUTOMATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS FOR

SURFACE IRRIGATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. H.R. Haise, Soil Scientist, Agricultural

Research Service, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins,

Colorado 80522

(d) Laboratory and field project; applied re- search; development, design and operation

of automated system.

(e) To develop labor-saving devices for surface

application of irrigation water to fann

fields for more efficient use of existing

water supplies. Study involves development

and testing of remote operation of a pneumatic valve (patents pending) capable of

controlling water in open ditch and closed

pipe systems.

(g) Further progress in automation of surface

irrigation systems, including both open-ditch

and buried concrete pipeline distribution

systems, includes the following notable

accomplishments: At Wiggins, Colorado,

78 acres of furrow-irrigated field beans, corn and sugar beets were automatically irrigated

by the farmer himself utilizing pneiwiatic

butyl rubber 0-rings as closures on alfalfa

valves and improved remote telemetry controls

and timer.

On Maui, Hawaii, 13.^+ acres of sugar cane are being automatically irrigated with water- powered cylinders that operate control gates

in an open ditch distribution system. Remote

battery-powered electronic gear and soil water

sensor is used to over-ride hydraulic actuated

gates when sufficient water is applied to

field.

(h) "Pneumatic Valves for Automation of Irrigation

Systems," H.R. Haise and E.G. Kruse, Proc . 6th

Congr. ICID, Spec. Sessions Rpt. No. 1, pp. 51-58, 1966.

"Automation of Surface Irrigation Systems With

Inflatable Butyl Rubber Valves," H.R. Haise

and A.T. Corey, Colorado State Univ. Agrarian,

Vol. k, No. 1, pp. 5-12, 1966.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

SERVICE, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division .

NORTHWEST BRANCH. P.O. Box II87, Boise, Idaho 837OI,

Mr. Dean C. Muckel, Branch Chief.

(3550) SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPERATION

IN THE NORTHWEST.

(3553) SURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN AND AUTOMATION

IN THE NORTHWEST.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) A.S. Humpherys, Research Agricultural Engr .

,

Route 1, Box 186, Kimberly, Idaho 833k-l (d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Develop and test mechanical labor-saving devices

and structures to control surface irrigation.

Determine and compare water application

efficiencies, labor requirements and cost on automated and nonautomated portions of irrigation systems.

Varioiis types of gates and tripping mechanisms

will be developed and treated including those

for cut-back-flow for furrow irrigation. Data

on installation procedures, requirements and

labor for each automatic structure will be

obtained and functional characteristics of

automatic control structures will be developed,

(g) A new center-of-pressure , fully automatic gate

for use in unlined irrigation ditches has been

developed. The gate may be used as a safety

gate or as a companion structure to other

gates which create a rise in the water surface

necessary for releasing this gate. A sinkingfloat border gate, for example, could be used

with this gate to provide a fully automatic

system for border irrigation.

Timers have been used for controlling semiautomatic irrigation structures. Most commer- cial timers have not been reliable when subjected to normal continuous exposure to dust

and moisture. A commercial timer has been

modified in cooperation with a manufacturer

to provide most of the necessary features of

158
a controller of automatic or semiautomatic

irrigation structures. It has a corrosion

resistant movement and a factory sealed en- closure and escapement release. It is

currently being tested using a modified semiautomatic drawstring check (also now available

commercially) in unlined ditches. Field tests

of an automatic cutback furrow irrigation

system near Ault, Colorado indicated that the

outlets installed in lined ditches must be

constructed to close tolerances and operated

as designed because the secondary or cutback

flow is very sensitive to variations In the

effective head at each outlet,

(h) "Automatic Irrigation Gate," A.S. Humpherys,

and J.A. Bondurant, Patent Wo. 3,300,985,

January 1967-

"Surface Irrigation Systems," A.A. Bishop, M.E. Jensen, and W.A. Hall, Chapter k-^, Amer.

Soc . Agron. Monograph No. 11, entitled

"Irrigation of Agricultural Lands," pp. 865-88'+,

1967.

"The Development of Automatic Irrigation

Structures and Devices," A.S. Humpherys and

J. A. Bondurant, I966 Reports, Hawaiian Sugar

Technologists, 25th Annual Meeting, Nov. I966,

Honolulu, Hawaii, 1967.

"Control Structures for Automatic Surface

Irrigation Systems," A.S. Humpherys, Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr. Trans., Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 21-23,

27, 1967. "Recent Developments in the Automation of Sur- face Irrigation," A.S. Humpherys, Agric. Engr.,

Vol. 1+8, No. 6, pp. 338-3'+0, 1967.

(5209) DEVICES, METHODS AND STRUCTURES FOR IRRIGATION

WATER CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) A.R. Robinson, Agricultural Engr., Route 1,

Box 186, Kimberly, Idaho 833I+I. (d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Devices and methods for accurate measurement

of flow in channels , closed conduits and undergromd aquifers, and improved designs of dropcheck structures for farm irrigation systems are developed. These devices, methods and

structures are tested in the laboratory and

in the field to calibrate and determine

accuracy, adaptability and field performance,

(g) Efficient water use reqmres reliable methods

of water measurement or volume control of water. Detailed laboratory tests of a standard

9-inch Parshall flume indicated that the

published calibration data for this flume

apparently are in error. Parshall flumes with

the throat and downstream diverging section

removed have been used with the standard

calibration for Irrigation water measurement. Laboratory studies indicated that there is

significant change in the head-discharge

relationship with these sections removed,

particularly at high flows. This difference

is not significant when the discharging jet

is supported by the horizontal floor of a lined ditch. Irrigation water measurement

in lined concrete ditches can be easily

accomplished with cast-in-place concrete

trapezoidal flume having side slopes conforming to the standard slipform ditch. The form

for casting the flumes, developed at Twin

Falls, Idaho, was modified so that the height

of the flume above the ditch bottom could be

varied. This modification provides free flow

conditions and results in greater ease of

installation, elimination of feather edges.

permits use of a lower slump concrete, and

requires less hand finishing.

Commercial prefabricated drop-check structures

are being manufactured by many small firms.

Field studies of several of these structures indicated that most of them are less stable

and tend to wash out easier than more common built-in-place structures. Generally, the

prefabricated structures do not provide

adequate stilling basins for energy dissipation,

or headwall length and depth for structural

stability.

(h) "Trapezoidal Flumes for Irrigation Channels,"

A.R. Robinson, USDA-ARS i+l-ll+0, 15 pp., March

1968. "Water Control and Measurement on the Farm,

A.R. Robinson and A.S. Humpherys, Chapter k-2, Amer. Soc. Agron. Monograph No. 11 entitled

"Irrigation of Agricultural Lands," pp. 828-

86k, 1967

"Discussion: Flow Measurements with Fluorescent Tracers," R.V. Worstell. Amer. Soc. Civil Engr., Jour Hydraulics Div., Vol. 93. Wo. HY3, pp. 216-220, 1967.

(5570) PRACTICES AND SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVING FARM AND

DISTRICT IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY IN THE NORTHWEST.

(b) Laboratory project, cooperative with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and Idaho Agricultural

Expmt . Sta

.

(c) M.E. Jensen, Research Agricultural Engr.,

Route 1, Box 186, Kimberly, Idaho 8331+1. (d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Evaluate qmlltatively and quantitatively

factors affecting farm and project irrigation

efficiencies. Define, develop, and evaluate

farm and project and management guidelines

that can Improve irrigation efficiencies on existing and proposed projects. Define and

develop methods of combining return flow

water in distribution systems and develop

procedures for predicting stream recession in

border irrigation. Test physical and chemical

treatments for controlling furrow irrigation

intake rates

.

(g) A joint study of irrigation practices in

southern Idaho indicates that erratic timing

of Irrigations and applications of excessive

amounts of water during irrigations are the

major factors affecting farm irrigation

efficiencies. Procedures for scheduling

irrigations have been developed and are currently being tested throi:ighout southern

Idaho. These procedures are based on climatic

parameters, soils, and crop characteristics

using remote time-sharing computer facilities.

The amount of water to be applied is also

provided based on attainable field irrigation

efficiencies. Results obtained in 1967 indicated that the farmer needs periodic information on soil moisture conditions and probable days before needing to Irrigate in order

to effectively utilize this information in

making management decisions.

Irrigation specialists have advocated the use of cutback irrigation streams in furrow

irrigation for many years, but this practice

has generally not been adopted because of the

problem created with the unused portion of

the stream. These studies have shown that a

recirculating irrigation system and sump can

be used to achieve cutback streams by adding

runoff water pumped from storage during the

advance of the stream.

159
Many companies are now developing and testing

new methods of moving sprinkler irrigation

pipe without the use of hand labor. One such

system is the self-propelled continuous moving

lateral. These studies of the water distribution by the self-propelled lateral have

indicated that water distribution is more uniform as compared to equivalent laterals

operating at a fixed position for a given

period of time. One of the major factors

affecting the distribution is the fact that

sprinkler heads on the moving lateral represent

line sources of water for the field as compared

to point sources with the standard nonmoving

laterals

.

(h) "improving Irrigation Efficiencies," M.E. Jensen, L. Swarner, and J.T. Phelan, Chapter

61, Amer. Soc. Agron. Monograph No. 11

entitled "Irrigation of Agricultural Lands,"

pp. 1120-111+2, 1967.

"Evaluating Irrigation Efficiency," M.E. Jensen. Amer. Soc. Civil Eng. Proc, Jour.

Irrig. and Drainage Div., Vol. 93 1 No. IRl,

pp. 83-98, 1967.

(5981) DRAINAGE SYSTEMS FOR IRRIGATED AREAS IN THE NORTHWEST.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) M.E. Jensen; see (5570) above.

(d) Experimental, field investigation; applied

research.

(e) Existing approximate solutions for nonsteady

state vertical drainage using hydraulic

properties of soils determined under steady

state conditions in the laboratory are evaluated. An irrigation district with high

perched water table problems is being evaluated to determine if restriction of water

deliveries will alleviate the problem and if

drainage to deeper aquifers is feasible.

Equations to describe transient movement of

salt, water and heat under conditions asso- ciated with simultaneous osmotic, thermal and

moisture content gradients in soil are being

developed.

(g) A gamma radiation apparatus for automatically

scanning more soil columns has been completed.

The unit has an Americium 2kl gamma source

.

Some difficulty has been experienced with

temperature effects in the scaling system. A

water budget was initiated on a southern Idaho

irrigation project that has been plagued with

high v;ater table problems since the project

began 60 years ago and more recently the

development of salinity problems . The objective of this study is to develop a representative mathematical model of the project so that management guides can be developed and

used to regulate water deliveries to meet

evapotranspiration requirements without

exceeding natural and artificial drainage

capacities. The major difficulty in this

study is the lack of water measurement structures. However, preliminary results have

delineated areas within the 125 square mile

area where excessive water deliveries are made.

Natural drainage rates as a function of water

table elevation are currently being obtained.

(h) "Experimental Measurements of Soil-Moisture

Hysteresis and Entrapped Air," J.W. Gary, Soil

Scl., Vol. 10k, No. 3, pp. 17'4-l80, 1967.

"An Instrxjment for In Situ Measurements of

Soil-Moisture Flow and Suction," J.W. Gary,

Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 3-5, 1968

"Nonsteady-State Drainage of Fluid from Porous

Media," M.E. Jensen and R.J. Hanks, Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs., Jour. Irrigation and Drainage

Div., Vol. 93, No. IR3, pp. 209-231, 1967

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

SERVICE, Soil and Water Conservation Research

Division .

SOUTHERN BRANCH, P.O. Box 1072, Athens, Georgia 306OI, Dr. G.R. Burns, Branch Chief.

(3871) SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN STREAM CHANNELS.

(b) Laboratory project, cooperative with Univ. of

Mississippi and Mississippi State Univ.

(c) Messrs. Joe C. Willis and A.J. Bowie, Hydraulic

Engrs., and Dr. Neil L. Coleman, Geologist,

USDA Sedimentation Lab., P.O. Box 30, Oxford,

Mississippi 38655.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) Investigate all aspects of sediment transport

including: "wash load", bed load, suspended

load, bed material transport, and total

sediment transport in alluvial channels

.

Determine by laboratory and field experiments

the effects of flow characteristics, physical

properties of bed forms and bed material on sediment transport in alluvial channels

.

Design, develop and test instruments and techniques for measurement of water runoff and

sediment discharge.

(g) Two models of the Parametric s X-ray sediment

concentration gage were field tested. Model

A, although affected by temperature and age, performed satisfactorily over a 2-month

period. Concentrations as low as 1000 p. p.m. were measured over 15-mlnute periods with a probable error of ± 330 p. p.m. Model B, which

was more sensitive and had none of the shortcomings of its predecessor, performed satisfactorily, with only minor maintenance problems, for several months.

Two methods were devised to utilize the dual

channel stream monitor to determine both

static and dynamic dune properties for com- parison with visual measurements at the flume

wall. One uses a single probe to traverse a length of channel and record irregularities.

The other method employs two stationary

sensing mlts a fixed distance apart in the

direction of flow. Two recordings of bed forms are obtained as they migrate under the units

.

The attenuation of x-rays in passing through

sediment laden water from the source to the

detector in an experimental sediment sensing

gauge was found to differ for a given average

concentration depending upon the direction of

increase in concentration between the 2 elements of the gauge. Studies are continuing.

Examination of suspended sediment concentration

profiles from several rivers and laboratory

flumes shows that the idea of a suspended

sediment boiaidary layer can be Introduced.

The relative concentration equation within

this boundary layer (adjacent to the bed)

is in the form of an equilateral hyperbola,

indicating that the sediment transfer co- efficient in this region varys linearly with

distance from the bed. Outside the suspended

sediment boundary la.yer, the relative concen- tration function is exponential in form, as would be the case if the sediment transfer

160
coefficient were constant in this region.

An error or Ga\issian distribution function has

been developed as an approximation to the

vertical suspended sediment distribution in

open channel flow. This mathematical model

has been found to be equally as reliable as the classical equation in predicting the con- centration distribution and has the advantage

that its integral over the flow depth con- verges to a reasonable approximation of the

total bed material transport rate per unit of

channel width.

An even more general method of analysis of

sediment transport and channel resistance data

has been derived from the equation of motion

for a fluid consisting of a sediment -water mixture. Experimental results are shown to

be most general when they are expressed as relationships between similitude coefficients

derived from the equation of motion and from

the boimdary conditions of the flow system.

The results of analyses, useable in the estimation of bed material transport for known

flow and sediment properties are expressed

graphically.

(h) "Perfonnance of Nuclear Sediment Concentration

Ga\:iges," J.R. McHenry et al. , Isotopes In

Hydrology, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, I967, pp. 207-225.

"Field Tests on the Coshocton-Type Wheel Run- off Sampler," C.E. Carter and D.A. Parsons,

Trans. Amer. Soc . Agric. Engr., Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 133-135, 1967.

(^^3l6) DESIGN CRITERIA FOR WATER CONTROL STRUCTURES

AND CHAHNEL STABILIZATION.

(b) Laboratory project, cooperative with Univ. of

Mississippi and Mississippi State Univ.

(c) Mr. D.A. Parsons, Hydraulic Engr., and Dr. Neil L. Coleman, Geologist, USDA Sedimentation

Lab., P.O. Box 30, Oxford, Mississippi 38655.

(d) Field and laboratory investigations; basic

and applied research.

(e) Develop and evaluate techniques and criteria

for the design, stabilization, and maintenance

of stream channels. Investigate by model and

field studies methods and means of channel

stabilization and protection. Areas of investigation include: the influence of plan

geometry and channel shapes; the spectrum of

flood flow values; flow velocities, depths,

and slopes; flow reduction schemes; and the

use of engineering works, vegetation, etc., to reduce channel boundary velocities and protect

the channel lining.

(g) Comprehensive measurements of drag forces on streambed particles, and observations of the mean forces that prevailed at incipient motion

have been tabulated and published. The data

cover a wide range in liquid viscosities and

bed particle densities. Computed lift forces

that prevailed at incipient motion are to be

checked in future laboratory measurements.

A cooperative study with SCS has been initiated

to observe and evaluate the effect of floods

on channel stabilization measures consisting

of piling, waling fencing, and concrete jacks.

Installations have been completed on a U-mile

reach of Tillatoba Creek, in north Mississippi.

(h) "A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Dray

and Lift Forces Acting on a Sphere Resting on a Hypothetical Streambed," N.L. Coleman, Proc. Xllth Intl. Assoc. Hydraulic Res. Congr., Fort

Collins, Colo., Sept. 1967, Vol. 3, PP- I85-

192.

161

(I4.317) STREAM CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY AND STABILITY.

(b) Laboratory project, cooperative with Univ. of

Mississippi and Mississippi State Univ.

(c) t>r. Earl H. Grissinger, Soil Scientist, Mr. Donald A. Parsons, Hydraulic Engr. and

Director, and Dr. Neil L. Coleman, Geologist.

(d) Experimental; applied and basic research.

(e) Investigations of prevailing horizontal and

vertical forms of stream channels and the

processes and forces that create them, including bed forms and resistance to flow in

alluvial channels, to acquire knowledge that

will provide engineering solutions to problems

of channel stability. Determine by both

laboratory and field experiments the effects

of various hydraulic and mineralogical parameters on channel geometry and stability; also

the influences of horizontal channel geometry

on the flow parameters . The latter are interdependent. Hydraulic parameters include:

velocity head, boundary shear stress, Froude

and Reynolds numbers, and hydraulic gradient.

The inherent and the environmental factors

affecting cohesiveness of channel periphery

materials will be investigated.

(g) Several hundred laboratory soil erodibility

tests point to the following conclusions:

1. Water entry into cohesive materials produces mechanical forces, or relieves cohesive

forces, which may result in surface particle

detachment . In other words , erosion rates increase for a given erosive situation when

water enters the channel boundary material.

2. The magnitudes of the internal detaching

forces increase with increasing rate of water

entry

.

3. For a given rate of water entry and flow

erosiveness, the erosion rate decreases with

decreasing bulk density.

(h) "Resistance of Selected Clay Systems to Erosion by Water," E.H. Grissinger, Water

Resources Res., Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 13I-I38,

1966

.

"Sediment Transport Mechanics: Initiation of

Motion - A Discussion," Joe C. Willis, Proc.

ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Vol. 93, No. HYl, Jan. 1967, pp. 101-107.

('4-331) SOIL DETACHMENT AND MOVEMENT BY RAINDROP

IMPACT AND FLOWING WATER IN THE SOUTH.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. W. Campbell Little, Research Agricultural

Engr., Southern Piedmont Conservation Research

Center, P.O. Box 555i Watkinsville , Georgia

30677.

(d) Experimental, laboratory; basic and applied.

(e) Basic research on the effects of gradation of

sediments on the entrainment and transport.

Large gradations (geometric standard deviations

from 1.25 to 3.00) permit study of the phenomenon of particle segregation and bed armoring.

Turbulence measurements are made with the hot

film anemometer.

(g) Initial studies are underway. No results to date

.

(1+332) DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE FOR

THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Irwin L. Saveson, Agrigultural Engr.,

P.O. Drawer U, University Station, Baton Rouge,

Louisiana 70803.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) Determine maximum and minimum limits of row
length and grade, land slope and other land

shaping features, and develop criteria for

designing surface and subsurface drainage

systems . Approximately 80 acres of land have

been formed vith four different slopes, in two replications of 0.10', 0.15', 0.20', and 0.25'

and with row lengths of 500', 700', 900', and

1,100'. Characteristics of surface water flow in

furrows on agricultural lands will also be

determined.

(g) Preliminary data show that peak rate and amount

of surface water removal can be predicted

from the parameters of maximum rainfall intensity for 35 minutes, land slope and length,

and the available soil moistiire storage

capacity. Prediction equations have been

developed.

(h) "Prediction of Surface Runoff from Graded

Lands of Low Slopes in Humid Areas" (abstract),

J.M. Laflin and I.L. Saveson, Agricultural

Engrg., Vol. k-T , No. 10, p. 535, Oct. I966.

(k-Qkl) SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE FARM WATER SUPPLIES IN THE SOUTHERN COASTAL PLAINS, (includes also

No. kQh2)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

SERVICE, Soil and Water Conservation Research

Division.

SOUTHERN PLAINS BRAKCH , Bushland, Texas 79012, Dr. J.R. Johnston, Branch Chief.

{k2,kl) STREAM CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY IN THE SOUTHERN

PLAINS.

(4335) DESIGN AND HYDRAULIC TESTING OF CONSERVATION

STRUCTURES AND CHANNELS.

See U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural

Research Service, Soil and Water Conservation

Research Div., Corn Belt Branch, Project 1723,

and Illinois State Water Survey Division

Project No. I865.

(b) Laboratory project cooperative with the

Oklahoma Agricultiiral Expmt. Sta.

(c) Mr. G.G. Hebaus, Hydraulic Engr., P.O. Box

551, Stillwater, Oklahoma 7i+07'4-. (d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Develop and test hydraulic structures for

soil and water conservation works. Test small

scale and full size models of structures and

appurtenances in laboratory basins. Determine

influence of structure form on head loss

coefficients, vortex activity, and performance.

Develop vent systems for flow constrictions in

closed conduit spillways.

(g) Trash racks proposed for use on closed conduit

spillways for detention reservoirs have been

tested with clear water flows and with trash

laden flows of hay or sticks . Relative

efficiencies of the rack have been established.

A complex of channels and structures comprising

and urban flood water disposal works has been

tested. Revisions developed in the testing

saved both riprap and right-of-way requirements

.

(it336) DEVELOPMENT, DESIGN, AND CALIBRATION OF WATER

FLOW MEASURING DEVICES.

(b) Laboratory project, cooperative with the

Oklahoma Agricultural Expmt. Sta.

(c) Mr. W.R. Gwinn, Hydraulic Engr., P.O. Box 55I,

Stillwater, Oklahoma JkO^Jk.

162.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The measuring devices tested are used in the

hydrology research program of the Agriculture

Research Service. Sites for runoff measuring

stations are surveyed and then modeled in the

laboratory. Proposed structures are placed in

the model and tested to develop a satisfactory

design. Consideration is given to scour, backwater, and channel control effects. The final

design is calibrated by model tests. Modifications to existing drainage structures to make them suitable for runoff measurement are devised and tested. Current work is on specific sites and no general experiments are done

.

(g) Nine large supercritical flow measuring flumes

for the flashy, sediment laden flows in southwestern streams have been designed and calibrated. Eight culverts with a V-notch added

for low flow measurement have been calibrated.

Low flow calibrations for broad-crested V- notch weirs of different materials and surface

roughness have been made.

(h) "Walnut Gulch Supercritical Measuring Flume,"

W.R. Gwinn, Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric . Engr.,

Vol. 7, No. 3, PP- 197-199, 196'+.

(ij-337) HYDROMECHANICS OF OVERLAND, CHANNEL AND FLOODPLAIN FLOWS.

(b) Laboratory project, cooperative with the

Oklahoma Agricultural Expmt. Sta.

(c) Dr. D.K. McCool, Agricultural Engr., P.O. Box

551, Stillwater, Oklahoma 7kO'jU

.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Obtain data needed for the design of channels

used in soil and water conservation works

,

for testing theories of the hydromechanics

of surface flow, and for developing hydraulic

explanations of hydrologic phenomena. Experimental channels are built on the laboratory

grounds, planted to grasses or lined with

artificial materials and then subjected to controlled flows of water. Test flows can be

steady or unsteady, uniform or nonuniform,

or in one channel, can be spatially varied

as well. Flow retardance coefficients, permissible velcoties, energy and momentum co- efficients, and flow profiles are determined.

(g) Manning's n values for vegetation lined

channels are a function of depth and velocity

of flow as well as the physical characteristics

of the vegetation. Permissible velocities are Influenced by the physical characteristics of

the vegetal cover, the textures of the soil,

and by the steepness of the channel. Permissible velocity and n-value data are given in

a handbook of channel design prepared by the

laboratory. Spatially varied flow equations

now in use can predict flow profiles accurately

only if realistic momentum coefficients are

used

.

(h) "Spatially Varied Steady Flow in a Vegetated

Channel," D.K. McCool, W.R. Gwinn, W.O. Ree,

and J.E. Garton, Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric.

Engr., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. l+UO-l+UU-, 1966.

ik8kk) DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF CROPS AND SYSTEMS

DESIGN--RIO GRANDE PLAIN, (includes also

Nos. kQk9 and 5578).

{k8h8) WATER EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES FOR THE TEXAS

ELACKLAND PRAIRIE.

(5216) PRINCIPLES. FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND

WATER RECHARGE- -SOUTHERN PLAINS, (includes

also No. 5214).
(5985) SALINE AJTO SODIC SOIL AMD IRRIGATION WATER PROBLEMS--RIO GRANDE PLAIN.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

SERVICE) Soil and Water Conservation Research Division .

SOUTHWEST BRANCH , P.O. Box 2326, Riverside, California 92506, Mr. W.W. Donnan, Branch Chief.

(2181) GROUND WATER RECHARGE AMD MANAGEMENT IN

CALIFORNIA.

(3558) COLLOIDAL MATERIALS FOR CONTROL OF SEEPAGE

FROM CANALS AND PONDS IN NEVADA.

(4358) FLOOD WAVE MOVEMENT IN NATURAL EPHEMERAL

STREAM CHANNELS.

(b) Laboratory project, cooperative with the

Arizona and New Mexico Agricultural Expmt.

Stations, and the USDA Soil Conservation

Service

.

(c) Mr. K.G. Renard, Hydraulic Engr., kk2 East

Seventh St., Tucson, Arizona 85705'

(d) Experimental, field investigation.

(e) Water-level recorders are located at 2,000-

foot Intervals In a 2.6-inlle reach of natural

channel. The reach has a precalibrated flume

at the inlet and at the outlet, and the major

tributary inflow is measured. Flood waves produced by convectlve thunderstorms in

ephemeral streams are being studied.

(g) The velocity of a wave front on a dry channel

bed was found to be relatively Independent of

the discharge. Peak discharge velocities were considerably higher than the wave front

velocities. The pure gravity wave velocity

is sometimes less than that of flood waves

that have been recorded. The impulse wave overrides the flow, and its absolute velocity

Is the sum of a (probably somewhat attenuated)

gravity wave and the flow velocity.

(h) "Hydrographs of Ephemeral Streams in the Southwest," K.G. Renard and R.V. Keppel, Jour. Hydraulics Dlv., ASCE, Vol. 92, No. HY2,

PP- 33-52, March I966.

('4-853) SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR

COASTAL CALIFORNIA, (includes also No. 5?86).

{kQ-^k) DRAINAGE SYSTEMS FOR THE IMPERIAL VALLEY.

(5219) IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR EFFICIENT WATER USE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Lloyd E. Myers, Research Hydraulic Engr.,

USDA-ARS, U.S. Water Conservation Lab., 14-331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, Arizona 850'4-0. (d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The purpose of this research is to develop and

evaluate principles, methods and design

criteria for Irrigation systems that will

facilitate efficient water use.

(g) Developed elbow meter to measure pipe flow.

Evaluated fluorescent tracers to measure flow

In channels. Initiated study of erosion

reducing outlet structure. Completed study

of critical depth measuring flumes.

(h) "Low Pressure Differential Measurements in

Liquid Flows," John A. Replogle, Trans., Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr., Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 84-86, 1967.

"Closure: Flow Measurements with Fluorescent

Tracers," John A. Replogle, Lloyd E. Myers,

and K.J. Erust, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Proc

.

163

ASCE, Vol. 9k-, No. HY2, pp. 552-555, March

1968.

(5220) RELATION OF SALINITY TO STATE AND TRANSPORT

OF WATER AND IONS IN SOIL AND PLANTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) S.L. Rawlins, U.S. Salinity Lab., P.O. Box

672, Riverside, California 92502.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Principles involving transport and energy

status of water and ions in the soil-plantatmosphere continuum are under study. Experiments are conducted in greenhouses and growth

chambers to test and improve mathematical

models

.

(g) Thermocouple psychrometers have been perfected

for measurements of total water potential in

soils. With use of these experiments, we have shown that water moves through the trans- piration stream along the water potential

gradient

.

(h) "Psychrometric Measurement of Soil Water

Potential Without Precise Temperature Control,"

S.L. Rawlins. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc,

Vol. 31, pp. 297-301, 1967.

"Design Criteria for Peltier-effect Thermocouple Psychrometers," S.L. Rawlins, Soil

Sci., 105: 12-17, 1968.

(558I+) MORPHOLOGY AND STABILITY OF STREAM CHAMELS

IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

(6836) MORPHOLOGY AND STABILITY OF STREAM CHAMELS

IN SOUTHWESTERN SEMIARID RANGELANDS.

(6837) SOIL WATER MOVEMENT IN RELATION TO CONSERVATION OF WATER SUPPLIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Lloyd E. Myers; see (5219) above.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) The purpose of this research is to determine

the significance of physical and chemical

processes associated with liquid and vapor

phase movement of water in soil as related to water loss from soil and to develop and test

means for reducing such loss.

(g) Developed method for measuring soil surface

temperature with infrared radiation ther- mometer. Showed that non-Darcy flow through

a fine porous ceramic was by osmotic forces

arising from dissolution of the ceramic and

not by the physical status of the water. Developed a method for evaluating water re- pellancy of soils by measuring breakthrough

pressiires. Studied dispersion of soil as related to electrolyte concentration.

(h) "Radiometric Surface Temperature Measurements

and Fluctuations in Sky Radiance Emittance in

the 60O-I3OO cm"-'- Waveband," A.W. Conway, and

C.H.M. Van Bavel, Agron. Jour. 59(5): 389-390,

Sept. - Oct. 1967.

"Evaporation from a Wet Soil Surface Calculated

from Radiometrically Determined Surface

Temperatures," A.W. Conway, and C.H.M. Van

Bavel, Jour. Appl. Meteorol. 6{k-): 65O-655,

Aug. 1967.

"Determination of Internal Surface Area,

External Water, and Amount of Montmorillonite

in Clay-Water Systems," Dwayne H. Fink, C.I. Rich, and G.W. Thomas, Soil Sci. 105(2):

71-77, Feb. 1568.

"Quadrennial Report 1963-1967, Committee on the Physics of Soil Moisture," J.B. Franzlni,

J.N. Luthin, I. Remson, R.W. Stallman, D. Swart zendruber , and C.H.M. Van Bavel, Trans.
Amer. Geophys. Union, k&i2): Jkk-Tyl, June

1967-

"A Drink from the Desert," Ray D. Jackson and

C.H.M. Van Bavel, in "Outdoors, U.S.A.,"

pp. 175-177. (1967 Yearbook of Agriculture).

"Solar Still," Ray D. Jackson, in McGraw-Hill

Encyclopedia of Sci. and Tech., pp. 362-36I4., 1967.

"Osmotic Effects on Water Flow through a Ceramic Filter," Ray D. Jackson, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc . 31(6): 713-715, Nov. - Dec.

1967.

"Calcium Electrode Method for Measuring the

Dissociation and Solubility of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate," F.S. Nakayama, and B.A. Rasnick, Anal. Chem. (Note) 39(8): 1022-1023,

July 1967.

Comment on "Soil Moisture Estimation by the

Neutron Scattering Method in Britain," J. P. Bell, and J.S.G. McCulloch, (jour. Hydrol.

4:25'+-263, 1966). Jour. Hydrol, 'y{k.): 36O, Oct. 1967.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE , Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station , Ogden, Utah tikkOl

(6067) SOIL MANTLE HYDROLOGY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Joseph F. Pechanec, Director, Inter- mountain Forest and Range Expmt. Sta., U.S. Forest Service.

(d) Field investigation, basic research.

(e) The major objectives of this research are:

(1) To determine quantitatively the effects

of insloped and outsloped roads on soil

moisture and seepage flow regimes; (2) to determine quantitatively the extent, if any, to which the effect of roads on soil moisture

and seepage flow is modified by the presence

of other roads above or below; and (3) to determine quantitatively the effect of timber

clearcuttlng on soil moisture and seepage flow

regimes in roaded and unroaded sites.

(g) A statistical model is being developed that

will express soil moisture depletion on a

roaded, clearcut area. This model is unique,

in that It takes into account the important

effect of nearness of bedrock to the soil

surface

.

The schematic equation for voliane percent

moisture to a soil depth of 3 feet is shown

below:

Vm = Bq + I^B^D^ - B^D^ + B^(MB/LB)

+ Bj^(LB-MB/D^)|+^B^(-S P.P./t)- BgDatJj

+ (-B^2 + BgDg^ ) + (-BqD^3 +

where LB = bedrock depth under the soil

moisture measuring point; MB = minimum bedrock depth downhill from the measuring point;

D^ = downhill slope distance from the measur- polnt to location of minimum bedrock depth;

P.P./t = precipitation from a given storm

divided by the time since that storm; Date = chronological date, i.e.. May 27 = 1^+7; Dg = slope distance downhill from a reference

point, 26 feet above the uppermost soil

moisture measuring point on the hill; D^ = slope distance from the center of the road to

a soil moisture measuring point. D^ is + if

uphill and - if downhill; R = a road location

constant: - for the upper road, 0 for the

middle road, and + for the lower road. In general, with MB less than LB, soil

moisture Increases as ground water is forced

closer to the surface. Also, as the distance

to minimum bedrock depth, D^, decreases, soil

moisture will increase. One of the most

interesting results of the soil moisture

analysis, so far, Is that It points out the

hydrologic effect of changing bedrock conditions.

While the soil moisture data analysis will show

the effect of roads on soil moisture, the most important hydrologic effect of roads seems

to be the potential for affecting snowmelt

flood peaks. The original study was not designed to measure this effect, but cutbank

seepage during the snowmelt season has shown

the Importance of f\arther study of this

phenomenon. The original plan called for

measurements of cutbank seepage; i.e., subsxirface flow of water from the road-cut face.

These subsurface seepage flow measurements

exclude overland flow that was diverted away

from the catchment troughs . The subsurface

flow volume for these 25 days (which comprise

the 1965 snowmelt season) from 100 feet of

road section is 2.56 acre feet. This is almost

73 acre feet per day per square mile of

contributing area. By comparison, the Lochsa

River (at its mouth) yielded 19.2 and 17-9 acre feet per day per square mile for May and

June 1965 > respectively,

(h) "Instrianentatlon and Methodology of Forest

Soil Mantle Hydrology Studies," E.R. Bvirroughs,

Jr., M.S. thesis, submitted to Montana State

Univ., 1967.

"Establishment and Progress Report —Methodology of a Soil Mantle Hydrology Study,

E.R. Burroughs, Jr., and P.E. Packer, Inter- mountain Forest and Range Expmt. Sta., Res. Prog. Rept. (processed), 12 pp., 1967-

(6068) SNOWPACK OUTFLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Joseph F. Pechanec; see (6067) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) A need exists for an uncomplicated Instrument

that will measure directly snowpack outflow

in situ, yet be accurate, of low cost, and

adaptable to the hydrologic environment of

mountainous terrain. Such an Instrument--

the lysimeter-type snowmelt gage--has been

devised and tested.

(g) Simple lysimeter-type snowmelt gages that

provide continuous readings of the volume of

water flowing from the base of a snowpack,

either in the form of atmospheric melt, rain

percolate and melt, ground melt, or combinations of these , have been developed and their

operation is described. The Instruments,

located between 3,600 and 4,000 feet MSL in

the western white pine-western redcedar type

in northern Idaho, detected during a period

of clear weather melt a maximum dally outflow

of 2.02 Inches, water eqmvalent, on May I6,

1967; a maximum hourly outflow of 0.23 inch

between 1200 and I3OO hours. May 8; and a maximum 2-hour outflow of O.kl inch between

1200 and li+OO hours, May I6. This type of

data shows promise after one season of being

readily applicable in the prediction of the

timing of peak flow occxjrrence, which is

Important to studies of watershed hydrology.

16k
"Snowpack Outflow as Measured ty LysimeterType Melt Gages," Harold F. Haupt, Inter- mountain Forest and Range Expmt. Sta., Prog.

Kept, (processed), 11 pp., 196?.

\

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUBE, FOREST SERVICE , Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 6tfl6 Market

St . , Upper Darby, Pennsylvania 19082

The following projects are listed by title only; for more details see "Water Resources Research Catalog".

Inquiries should be addressed to Mr. R.D. Lane,

Director, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station.

(067W) FLOOD RUNOFF REDUCTION AND WATER YIELD IMPROVEMENT FROM THE GLACIATED MOUNTAIN AREAS OF NEW

ENGLAND. (Durham, New Hampshire)

.

(068W) FLOOD RUNOFF REDUCTION AND WATER YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN THE NORTHERN APPAIACHIAN

MOUNTAIN REGION. (Parsons, West Virginia).

(O69W) CORREIATION AND SYNTHESIS OF WATERSHED

RESEARCH RESULTS, COOPERATIVE MUNICIPAL

WATERSHED RESEARCH, AND URBAN AND SUBURBAN

STUDIES OF TREES AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT.

(Upper Darby, Pennsylvania).

(OTOW) EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FOREST TYPES AND

CONDITIONS ON STREAM REGIMEN AND WATER

YIELDS. (Syracuse, New York).

(07IW) REDUCTION IN SURFACE MINING DAMAGES TO FOREST

RESOURCES BY IMPROVING MINING PROCEDURES AND

REHABILITATION MEASURES. (Berea, Kentucky).

(072W) MANAGEMENT OF STORM RUNOFF. (Columbus, Ohio).

(h) "Measuring Subsurface Stormflow From Simulated

Rainstorms," R.Z. Whipkey, U.S. Forest Service

Research Note, CS-29, 6 pp., 1965.

"Subsurface Stormflow From Forested Slopes,"

R.Z. Whipkey, Bull., Intl. Assoc. Sci. Hyd.,

X Anne No. 2, pp. 7'+-85, 1965-

"Theory and Mechanics of Subsurface Stormflow,

R.Z. Whipkey, Intl. Symp. on Forest Hydrology,

Penn State Univ., pp. 255-260, I966.

"storm Runoff From Forested Catchments by

Subsurface Routes," R.W. Whipkey, Proc. UNESCO Flood Symp., Leningrad, U.S.S.R.,

1967 (in press)

.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRUCULTURE, FOREST SERVICE , North Central Forest Experiment Station, Folwell Ave.,

St. Paul, Minn. 55101

Inquiries concerning the following projects should be

addressed to the Director, North Central Forest

Experiment Sta., Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture, at above address, unless Indicated

otherwise for a specific project.

(3887) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN NORTHERN

MINNESOTA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and field investigations; basic

and applied research.

(e) The project conducts research in the following

major areas: (l) The surface and ground water

hydrology of small, forested bog watersheds -- measurements of rain, snow, runoff, bog water

tables , and the deep regional ground water

system are carried out on six experimental

bogs to determine their natural hydrology

and contributions to runoff and ground water,

(2) laboratory and field studies of the

physical properties of organic soils and their

influence on peatland hydrology, and (3)

evapotranspiration from peatlands as measured

by evapotransplrometers , water balance data,

and empirical formulas. The purpose of the

project is to develop land management practices, through basic hydrologic studies, which

will inalntain and improve water yield from

northern forested peatlands

.

(g) Analyses of water yield data Indicate that a major portion of annual runoff occurs during

the spring, prior to June 1. In some years, several of the gaged watersheds produced 80

percent of the annual runoff before June 1. Because of high water tables after snowmelt,

little storage opportunity is available in the

spring and any rainfall contributes directly

to runoff. High evapotranspiration rates during the summer lower the bog water tables

and effectively use normal summer rainfall.

Runoff in summer and fall is normally quite

low, and during long drying periods stream- flow will actually cease

.

Studies of the physical properties of peats

help explain the total hydrology of bog watersheds. Actual water storage capacity and

water movement rates vary considerably for

different peat types. Specific yield ranges

from nearly 6 gal./cu. ft. in siarface mosses

to less than 1 gal./cu. ft. for well-decomposed peats . Hydraulic conductivities vary

from 118 ft. /day to .02/ft./day for surface mosses and decomposed peats, respectively.

(h) "Hydrologic Characteristics of Organic Soils

in Lake States Watersheds," D.H. Eoelter,

Jour. Soil and Water Consv. , Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 50-53, 1966.

"Evaluation of an Evapotransplrometer for

Peat Bogs," Roger R. Bay, Water Resources

Res., Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. h3T-kk2, 1566.

"Techniques of Hydrologic Research in Forested

Peatlands, U.S.A.," Roger R. Bay, XIV Congr.

Intl. Union Forest. Res. Organ., Vol. 1, pp. l+00-'+15, 1967. "Factors Influencing Soil Moisture Relationships in Undrained Forested Bogs," Roger R. Bay, Intl. Symp. Forest Hydrol., pp. 335-'J-'<-3, Pergamon Press, 1966.

"Ground Water and Vegetation in Two Peat Bogs

in Northern Minnesota," Roger R. Bay, Ecology,

Vol. k8, pp. 308-310, 1967.

(3889) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN THE DRIFTLESS

AREA OF SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN.

(b) Laboratory project, with some aspects in co- operation with Wisconsin Conservation Dept.

(d) Field investigations; basic and applied

research.

(e) Research is conducted on the Influence of both

natural and planted forests on runoff and

erosion (particularly with regard to springthaw floods) and hydrologic effects of soil

freezing. The study of forest-land gullies

and the reduction of gullying by spreading

upland runoff into the lower lying forest

zone is included. Overland flow is measured

by flumes and recorders at 20 stations, either

on natural runoff plots or small watersheds

.

Factors affecting springflow are also \jnder

study. Springflow is measured at 2 stations

165
by weirs and recorders. In addition, a number

of wells are measured, one with a water level

recorder

.

A comparison of three indirect methods of

measuring frost depth showed that change in

resistance of soil moisture blocks could be

used to determine frost depth in silt loam

soils. Soil temperature and Soiltest Frostmeters, the other methods tested, were less

reliable. A simple, automatic stage sediment

sampler was developed for use with metal

flumes. Advantages over conventional samplers

are that it will sample minimum flows and will

not catch debris. A chart holder for reading

FW-1 streamflow charts by the Copley method

was also developed. The instrument makes use of a typewriter platen to turn constant head

intervals, reducing chances of error and chart

reading time by one-third. Springflow studies

have shown that following a primary rise from

snowmelt and early spring rains a gradual

depletion takes place throughout the sirnner regardless of the summer rainfall pattern.

This is followed by a smaller recharge from

fall rains . Heavy fall recharge may influence

flow for a full year or more. Short-period

fluctuations are caused by changes in

barometric pressure, in an inverse relationship. Springflow is a good index of stream

baseflow

.

Springflow and ground water levels may both

rise with winter thaws, even when the ground

is frozen. A high soil water content suggests

that water moves to the water table through

a continuous column of soil water rather than

as a wetting front.

Simple practices along the forest edge were

found to be effective and economical means of

disposing of runoff water from upland fields.

Logs placed in a staggered arrangement on a spreading field reducted peak flow by 50

percent. Small contour detention ponds disposed of all the runoff. Rainfall studies

showed that the highly dissected terrain of

southwestern Wisconsin has only a small effect

on point rainfall.

Soil temperature measurements showed that the

annual temperature wave at depths to 120 cm. closely followed the air temperature wave. The annual range varied from 30° C. at 15 cm. to 17°C. at 120 cm. The lowest soil temperature was -7°C.

"Response of Springflow to Some Climatic

Variables in Southwestern Wisconsin." Willie

R. Curtis, Water Resources Res., Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 311-31*+, 1966.

"Rainfall Distribution over Dissected Terrain

in Southwestern Wisconsin," Richard S. Sartz,

Water Resources Res., Vol. 2, Wo. k, pp. 80k809, 1966. "Forest Zone Helps Minimize Flooding in the

Driftless Area," Willie R. Curtis, Jour. Soil

and Water Conserv., Vol. 21, No. 3> PP- 101-

102, 1966.

"Simple Practices along Forest Edge Reduce

Upland Runoff," Willie R. Curtis, Jour. Soil

and Water Conserv., Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 25-26,

1967.

"Annual Soil Temperature Wave at Four Depths

in Southwestern Wisconsin," Richard S. Sartz,

U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Note NC-32, 2 pp., 1967.

"Winter Thaws Can Raise Ground Water Levels

in Driftless Area," Richard S. Sartz, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Mote NC-35, 2 pp., 1967-

"A Test of Three Indirect Methods of Measuring

Depth of Frost," Richard S. Sartz, Soil Sci.,

Vol. 10k, No. k, pp. 273-278, 1967.

(3890) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN LOWER

MICHIGAN.

(b) Laborary project.

(d) Field investigation; basic and applied

research.

(e) The major projects involved here deal with

(1) ground water recharge and evapotranspiration of various cover types in deep sandy

soil and (2) streambank erosion and sediment

transport on trout streams . Ground water

elevations are being measured at l62 wells,

11 of which are equipped with water level

recorders. Fifty percent of the trees have

been removed in strips in a 35-year-old jack

pine plantation to study changes in net water

yield and in sno-vrpacks. Snow studies are also

being made in selectively thinned red pine

plantations. Stream sediment budgets are being intensively measured on a trout stream

having serious bank erosion. Bank profiles

are being meas\ared of one -fourth of the banks

to obtain rates of recession and volumes

of various sizes of sediments eroded. Total

sediment discharge is measured over sills

above, in the middle, and below the 20-mile

test reach. Effects of sediment on bottom

fauna and on trout spawning bed permeability

are being studied.

(g) Water yields as ground water recharge and

evapotranspiration from ppt-recharge have

been determined for 5 years for two deciduous

forest types and for two conifer plantations.

Results obtained from well-drained locations

show the same relationship between conifer

and hardwood forests as do shallow water table

plots when ET draws water from the saturated

zone. Five-year water yields from well-drained lands

as analyzed from regional water table behavior

were 1*4-. 8 inches per year in pine forests and

17.0 inches in hardwoods. About half the

annual difference occurred during the dormant

season. Preliminary results indicate that a 50-percent reduction in stocking of pine

forests, either by selective thinning or by

strip-cutting, results in snowpack water equal

to that in deciduous forests.

Sediment discharge below a 20-miles length of

stream which has 18O eroding banks appears

to be about five times that entering the

upper end of the reach. Two-thirds of the

sediment in transport is in sand particle

sizes and moves on or near the bed of the

stream. Attempts to relate bank erosion to suspended sediment levels have been abandoned

in favor of measurments of the total sediment

budget. Tests of vegetative bank stabilization

reemphasized the need for waterline control.

Upper bank treatments only increased the rate

of revegetation over that occurring naturally.

(h) "Sediment, Streamflow, and Land Use Relationships in Northern Lower Michigan," W. David

Striffler, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Pap. LS-I6,

12 pp., 196k-. "Influence of Forest Cover on Snowpack and

Ground Water Recharge," Dean H. Urie, Ground

Water, Vol. it, No. 1, pp. 5-9, 1966.

"Influence of Forest Cover on Ground Water

Recharge, Timing, and Use," Dean H. Urie,

Intl. Symp. Forest Hydrol., Penn. State

Univ., Proc, pp. 313-324, 1^66.

166
"Forest Cover in Relation to Water Yields on Outwash Sand Soils," Dean H. Urie, Pap. Mich.

Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters 51, PP- 3-11)

1966.

"Waterline Erosion Control Essential to Streambank Rehabilitation," Dean H. Urie, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Note NC-29, 2 pp., 1967.

U.S. DEFARTMEMT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station,

P.O. Box 31^+1, Portland, Oregon 97208

Inquiries concerning the following projects should be

addressed to Mr. Philip A. Briegleb, Director, Pacific

Northwest Forest and Range Expmt. Sta., at above

address

.

(i+757) WATER YIELD AND EROSION, WENATCHEE, WASH,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Field investigations; basic and applied

research.

(e) The objectives of the project are to generate

information on the relations of moisture

disposition and use, and incidence of soil

erosion, in forest and range environments to climatic characteristics, vegetative types,

soil types, topography, and land uses; and

to devise management techniques for ensuring

maximum streamflow and minimum erosion and

sedimentation in the mid-Columbia River Basin

in eastern Oregon and Washington. Studies

related go erosion reduction include:

Characteristics of soil related to erodibility; effects of climate, vegetation and

parent material on soil development, characteristics of forest humus types; and physical

control of erosion by increasing density of

vegetation. Factors influencing receipt,

disposition, and use of water include: Heat

and moisture flux, and partitioning of the

solar energy balance over forest canopies;

seasonal soil moisture depletion under a lodgepole pine forest; moisture use requirements of six principal conifers; effects of

silviciiltural treatments, including precommercial thinning and harvest cuttings, on water yields; disposition of intercepted

snow and rime ice

.

(g) Transpiration rate of potted ponderosa pine,

lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, grand fir,

Engelmann spruce, and western larch seedlings were compared at various levels of soil

moisture stress under controlled environmental

conditions. Studies of stomatal sensitivity

to leaf moisture stress were also made on twigs of each of these species.

During the I965-66 winter, snowpacks were heavier in areas logged by three methods than

in undisturbed forest. The greatest increase

in water content was on a clearcut block.

Snowpacks in alternate clearcut and unlogged

strips and in selectively logged stands were similar but intermediate to the large clearcuts and uncut. Solar radiation data collected at a series of

high elevation stations were used to show

patterns of insolation in an area of rapid

climatic change. Calculations based on this

data indicted the need for increasing sample

size (sometimes to over 100 stations) when

measuring mean daily radiation into this

area.

Treatment with foliar sprays of B-995 reduced

leaf water deficit and transpiration rate in

apple trees but not in sunflower seedlings.

However, in sunflower, the treatment enhanced

the ability of the plant to recover after

severe drought conditions,

(h) "Transpiration of Conifer Seedlings in

Relation to Soil Moisture Stress," (Abstr.),

William Lopushinsky, Plant Physiol. Proc. Annual Meetings I966, iv., I966.

"Increased Water from Forests," R.N. Ross and

H.W. Berndt, Oregon Farmer 90('4-): 12-13;

Washington Farmer 92('4-): 2k;, Idaho Farmer

8'5{k): 28-29. Feb. 16, I967.

"Radiation Sampling in a Mountainous Zone,"

William B. Fowler, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Note PNW-14-9, 5 pp., illus., March 1967.

"Effect of N-dimethyl Amino Succinamic Acid

( B-995). a. Growth Retardant, on Drought

Tolerance," George C. Martin and William

Lopushinsky, Nature (London), Vol. 209,

No. 5019, pp. 216-217, 1966.

(lj-758) WATERSHED LOGGING METHODS AND STREAMFLOW.

(b) Laboratory project with some phases in co- operation with City of Portland, Bureau of

Water Works and Oregon State University.

(d) Field investigations; basic and applied

research.

(e) Research is conducted at three field locations

in the Cascade Range of western Oregon: Bull

Run Watershed (domestic supply area for

Portland), H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest,

and South Umpqua Experimental Forest. Studies

are confined to two forest types representing

major segments of the remaining old-growth

forests of the Pacific Northwest: (l)

Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western redcedar,

and (2) Douglas-fir, sugar pine. Investigations represent an initial effort to study

precipitation runoff, erosion, and soil moisture in undisturbed stands, and to follow

changes caused by several methods of logging.

Included are studies in four categories: (l)

Soil movement on logged land and an evaluation

of effectiveness of grass seeding on roadbanks;

(2) changes in water quality resulting from

roadbuilding , two methods of cable logging, two degrees of forest removal--25 percent and

100 percent-- and slash burning; (3) changes

in streamflow caused by clear cutting and

partial cutting in groups of varying size on matched watersheds in old-growth Douglas-fir

and sugar pine-fir. Pretreatment measurements

are still being made to provide statistical

basis for treatment evaluation; (k) soil

moisture movement and disposition and the role

of vegetation in evapotranspiration, including

measure of seasonal changes in soil moisture

under a Douglas -fir stand, vertical movement

of water in Douglas-fir soils, rainfall interception by cro'vms of old-growth Douglas-fir

soils, rainfall interception by crowns of

old-growth Douglas-fir, and changes in plant

succession following logging and slash burning.

(g) Trapezoidal flumes and other instrumentation

were used to gather data preliminary to a

study of the effect of timber harvesting and

road construction on yield, timing, and quality

of streamflow from three tributary watersheds

in the McKenzie drainage of western Oregon.

During the calibration period when the dense

Douglas-fir forests remained undisturbed,

data was collected which described the

relationship of geology, soils, vegetation,

167
and climate to streamflow

.

Recent research results show that after clearcutting minimum streamflow increased significantly with higher flows following heavier

cutting. Increased water from land logged in

western Oregon and Washington within the last

2 years would supply the daily needs of at

least 100,000 people with no additional storage.

Floods, following the long duration rainstorms

characteristic of the Pacific Northest, are a problem common to the forested areas as well

as the downstrem users . Storms causing damage

as great as that which resulted from the 1961^ flood are rare, but near record-breaking local

storms may occur almost every year. Extensive

logging may increase early winter season storm- flow but probably does not alter streamflows

from major midwinter storms

.

Principal damage from severe winter storms results primarily from soil instability. Sur- face erosion may be a serious problem in local

areas of the Pacific Northwest but massive soil

movements are more common to the region. A

study of k^ mass movement events, resulting

from severe storms during the winter of 196*4— 65, found that 72 percent were connected with

road construction and the great majority

occurred in soils derived from pyroclastic

parent materials

.

On the West Side of the Cascade Range in Oregon

there is very little difference in yardingcaused soil disturbance between skyline and

high- lead logging methods. The main advantage

of skyline yarding is that it necessitates far

less road construction than other logging

methods

.

Before a ivJO-year-old Douglas-fir forest was

logged, summer evapotransplratlon from the top

k feet of soil was about 9-2 inches. The

first year after logging, evapotransplratlon

decreased '+.5 inches and water stored in the

soil at the end of the dry season was k.'y inches

greater. Although soils still held half of the

available storage capacity at the end of the

first year after logging, little of the increased water entered the stream. Because of

rapid regrowth of brush and herbs, initial

increases in soil water did not persist beyond

2 years after logging. The third year after

logging, the concentration of roots in the

upper 2-I/2 feet of soil removed more soil

water than the trees had, reducing soil moisture to the wilting point.

Organic matter, total nitrogen, and acidity

were significantly greater in A horizons under

alder and mixed stands than under conifers

(Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and Sitka spruce). In A-11 soil horizons of i)-0-year-old stands,

organic content under alder averaged one-third

greater than conifer, nitrogen one-third

greater and pH one unit lower. A horizons

under conifer stands averaged three times

richer in bases than those under alder stands

.

These effects may indicate greater production

of acid decomposition products in alder soils

which are richer in organic matter and nitrogen.

During certain periods of the year, streamslde

strips of alder are known to cause an undesirable brown color and musty odor which lowers

the quality of water used for domestic purposes.

Patch clearcuts, the commonly used logging

pattern in the Douglas-fir region, resulted

in no significant increase in maximum water

temperatures until a slide exposed a section

of streambed to direct solar radiation.

Progressive clearcuttlng of a 237-acre watershed resulted in increases after 55 percent

of the drainage was logged,

(h) "Erodibillty and Erosion Potential of

Forested Watersheds," C.T. Dyrness, Intl.

Symp. Forest Hydrol., Natl. Scl. Fo\xnd.

,

Advanced Sci. Seminar Proc. I965, pp. 599-611,

Pergamon Press-Oxford and New York, I966.

"Accuracy of Measurement of Runoff from

Experimental Watersheds," Jack Rothacher and

Norman Miner, Intl. Symp. Forest Hydrol.,

Natl. Sci. Found., Advanced Scl. Seminar

Proc. 1965, pp. 705-713) Pergamon PressOxford and New York, I966.

"Chemical Soil Properties under Coastal

Oregon Stands of Alder and Conifers," (Abstr.)

Jerry F. Franklin, C.T. Dyrness, Duane G. Moore, and Robert F. Tarrant, NW Sci.,

Vol. kl, No. 1, p. k9, 1967.

"Some Characteristics of Forest Floors under

True Fir-Hemlock Stands in the Cascade Range,"

Carroll B. Williams, Jr. and C.T. Dyrness,

U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Pap. PW>/-37, 19 pp., illus. Jan. I967.

"Summer Water Balance Changes on an Old-Growth

Douglas-Fir Site After Logging," (Abstr.),

R.L. Fredriksen, NW. Scl., Vol. kl. No. 1, p. 50, 1967.

"Experimental Watersheds Used as a Research

Tool by the Forest Service," Jack Rothacher,

Notes on Unit Source Watershed Conference,

U.S. Agric. Res. Serv., Soil and Water

Conserv. Res. Dlv. , pp. I-I6 (Appendix H)

,

illus.

"Soil-Vegetatlon Relationships within the

Ponderosa Pine Type in the Central Oregon

Pumice Region," C.T. Dryness and C.T. Youngberg, Ecol., Vol. , pp. 122-138.

"Soil Surface Conditions Following Skyline

Logging," C.T. Dyrness, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Note PNW-55, 8 pp., illus., June 1967. "Mass Soil Movements in the H.J. Andrews

Experimental Forest," C.T. Dyrness, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Pap. PNW-l)-2, 12 pp., ill\;is.

"Hydrologic and Related Characteristics of

Three Small Watersheds in the Oregon Cascades,"

Jack Rothacher, C.T. Dyrness, and Richard L. Fredriksen, Pacific NW. Forest and Range Exp.

Sta., 5*+ pp.. illus.

"Increases In Maximum Stream Temperatxjres

After Logging in Old-Growth Doi;iglas-Fir

Watersheds," Al Levno and Jack Rothacher,

U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Note PNW-65, 12 pp., Illus., Oct. 1967.

Inquiries concerning the following project should be

addressed to Mr. Richard M. Hurd, Director, Institute

of Northern Forestry, Box 909, Juneau, Alaska 99801.

{265k) EFFECT OF LOGGING ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

OF SALMON STREAMS IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA.

(b) Laboratory.

(d) Field Investigation, applied.

(e) This work is concerned with the relationships

between salmon spawning streams and timber

harvesting in Southeast Alaska. Work is

concentrated on 3 streams lying kO miles west

of Ketchikan. Two of the watersheds have been

logged. The third watershed will remain un- logged

.

Study is concentrated on factors that can exert a major Influence on pink and chum

salmon development and survival in streams in a logged watershed. During 196*+ stream discharge and stream temperature measurements

168
were obtained.

(f) Completed.

(g) Beginning in 19k9 and ending in 1962 to 1966,

depending on the parameter, various stream

physical factors were measured before, during,

and after logging.

Measurements of streamflow, expressed as a double mass plotting of annual water yield,

indicate no evident changes in streamflow in

response to clearcutting. Analysis of rainfall in relation to streamflow failed to indicate that clearcutting affected streamflow

characteristics during stormflows. According

to worldwide experience, it would be reason- able to suppose that clear-cutting increased

annual water yield about k-l/2 inches. This

small change would not be detectable by the

stream gaging methods used.

Suspended sediment remained at low levels

throughout the period of record. For example,

the concentration seldom exceeded 25 p. p.m. (parts per million). Within the limits of our sampling it did not appear that logging

significantly affected the relationship between

suspended sediment concentration and streamflow. However, we believe that road construc- tion and post logging debris avalanching

probably caused increased stream sedimentation.

The effects on water quality evidently were

small and brief, however.

Timber harvesting apparently caused increased

stream temperatures during the summer. The

maximum effect was k°F. or less in the study

streams. The maximum recorded temperature

in any of the study streams was 69°F. (July

1958) . Winter streamflow temperatures in

both watersheds apparently were not affected

by clearcutting. It is possible that removal

of streamside timber is the most significant

increased solar radiation during the summer and

increase solar radiation during the summer and

exposure to colder air during the winter.

Timber harvesting doubtless affects a number

of stream physical factors that are significant

in terms of salmon production. Studies before,

during, and after logging show these effects on the measured factors were small or undetectable, perhaps due to a combination of climatic

and watershed conditions typical of coastal

Alaska, and the small proportion of the watersheds logged. Our conclustion is that in

southeast Alaska, timber harvesting , carefully

done, can be compatible with salmon production.

U.S. DEPABTMEMT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE , Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Stat ion, P.O. Box 2U5, i960 Addison St., Berkeley, Calif. 9'+701

(U996) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN CALIFORNIA'S

SNOW ZONE (snow MANAGEMENT RESEARCH).

(b) Laboratory and the following cooperators:

State of California, Dept. of Water Resources;

Atomic Energy Commission; and Pacific Gas

and Electric Company.

(c) Dr. James L. Smith, Project Leader, Snow

Management Research, Pacific Southwest Forest

and Range Expmt. Sta. (Berkeley).

(d) Experimental; field investigation; basic

and applied research.

(e) The objective of this project is to determine

methodology for increasing water yield and

changing the timing of water delivery by

vegetation rranipulation, by evaporation

suppressants, etc. Its area of interest is

confined to the snowpack zone of the Sierra

Nevada of California. Present studies

emphasize development of methods for management of high elevation snowpacks for yield

and control of water; the effects of timber

cutting upon soil moisture losses and snow accumulation and melt; and the evapotranspiration from various sites-species combinations . Project scientists are located in Berkeley

with field personnel and studies located at

the Central Sierra Snow Laboratory, Soda

Springs, California, and studies only located

at Teakettle Experimental Forest in the headwaters of the north fork of the Kings River

above Fresno, California. Both sites lie at 7,000 to 8,000 feet elevation. In the head- waters of the Feather River a practical

sized logging is being tested for snow accumu- lation and melt effects. Gamma and neutron

probes are being tested for measuring hydrologic characteristics of snowpacks. Evaporation suppressants are being tested for

reduction of such losses from snowpacks.

(g) Rapid measurement of hydrologic characteristics of snowpack which may permit more accurate appraisal and prediction of delivery

of snowmelt water has been possible using

gamma and neutron probes. Commercially

available probes with gamma source (Troxler

Laboratories SC-10 and SC-20 probes) were tested for the ability to measure snow density

of the individual layers in the snowpack.

Usable regressions of snow density (d) measured

gravimetrically and gamma counts (Cg) in CRM

in the snowpack were obtained. Only one calibration curve is needed regardless of how

close to the snow-air interface one takes

measurements

.

A snow gage has been tested with which one may

accurately measure snow density in l/2-inch

vertical increments to 1.2 percent accuracy

of actual density. With this system a 10-foot

snowpack may be profiled in 10 minutes by

moving the detector and source throi:igh the

snowpack at a constant rate. Output was re- corded on an analog chart. The system

operates on the theory of gamma transmission.

Gammas from the source pulse throiJigh the snow- pack to the crystal detector, thence through a pulse-height analyzer set to pass photo-peak

energy only and from there to the ratemeterscaler. Output can be fed to a chart.

Problems of temperature effects upon the

crystal are controllable. "Sun-cupping" problems are negligible with use of proper access tubing

.

Effect of crystalline structure of snow, ice,

and water upon gamma attenuation are shown

to be negligible if present at all. Count

was shown to be wholly dependent upon density

of material between the source and detector.

Soi] samples were obtained for analysis in a study designed to identify the hydrologic

constants of the major soils in the Sierra

Nevada of California. Snow accianulation was increased by '+5 percent in clear-cut strips

132 feet wide. These strips were cut in virgin

red fir at an elevation of 7.000 feet. However,

approximately a quantity of snow almost equal

to the increase was "stolen" from the bordering

forest "downwind" from the cut strips. Snow- melt in east-west cut strips was shown to be

drastically affected by the heating up of the

169
tree trunks of mature timber to the north of

the cut strips. These in turn radiated heat

to the snowpack and melted the pack rapidly

from the north edge progressively to the south

edge

.

Winter surface evaporation from snowpack at high elevation sites was reducted by the addition of the suppressant hexadecanol. It was shown that hexadecanol did not materially

increase snowmelt.

(4997) WATER SOURCE HYDROLOGY.

(b) Laboratory project. Cooperators are: State

of California, Dept. of Water Resources;

Univ. of California; State of Hawaii, Div. of

Forestry.

(c) Mr. Henry W. Anderson, Project Leader, Pacific

Southwest Forest and Range Expmt. Sta. (Berkeley)

.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic and

applied research.

(e) The objective is through analytical modeling

to advance the state of knowledge of watershed hydrology and sedimentation, and

particularly, knowledge of the relationship of

watershed management and other hydrologic

processes at the water sources to water yield,

floods, sedimentation, and water quality

delivered from wildland watersheds

.

(g) In the Central Sierra Nevada of California

snow accumulation at individual points in

forest openings in forests was studied by

selecting I6 periods in the winter of 1957-

58 under different meteorological conditions.

Wide differences in topography and forest

conditions were obtained by selection of 25O

points from 1,300 available. Snow accumulation was the difference in water equivalent

of the snow pack between measurements . Snow

accumulation depended strongly on combinations

of meteorological and forest variables, and

on forest-meteorological interactions. The

factors related to snow accumulation were

studied by reduced rank procedures of principal

components analysis, with varimax rotation of

the factors. The results suggest how forest

cutting may be modified for greater snow accumulation. If we uniformly remove trees

within a dense forest so as to reduce the

overhead canopy by 60 percent, the resulting

reduction in shading will be only 10 percent,

(SHADE=73 +0.2 X OVERHEAD CANOPY), with a net

increase in snow accumulation of U-0 mm (I.5

inches) or 10 percent. On the other hand,

if we cut 60 percent of a continuous forest

into openings, leaving kO percent "margins,"

we change the average snow accumulation in

dense forest of 310 mm (l2.1 inches) to kO

percent margin with kOO mm and 60 percent

opening with k'JO ram. This forest-opening

combination will have '4-i4-0 mm (l7.'4-) inches of snow water equivalent, that is k-0 percent more snow than the dense forest. The most

effective forest cutting will be north slopes

(relative energy O.5), being two times as effective as on south slopes (relative energy

1.5). The major disadvantage on south slopes arose from back radiation, which may be

miminized by a wall-and-step cutting pattern

and/or by cutting narrow strips which will

shade the back wall of trees

.

On the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, soil samples were collected along 31 transects in the

watershed of the Koolau and Waianae ranges

and analyzed in the laboratory for the size

distribution of water-stable aggregates and

suspension percent. Indices of soil erodibility were related by principal component

analyses with varimax rotation to these

7 soil-forming factors: parent material,

rainfall, elevation, vegetation type, slope,

aspects, and zone. Parent rock material was the most important factor in explaining

variation of water-stable aggregates of soils

in Hawaii. Nevertheless, differences in water- stable aggregates were also associated with

differences in vegetation type and other soilforming factors. Most of the soils studied were rated as slightly to moderately erodible

under full vegetation cover. However,

conversion of the native koa-ohia scrubby

forests by planting paperback or silk-oak

trees promises to result in development of

less erodible soils as well as more useful

forest products. In another study, differences

in rainfall-runoff relations were found between

watersheds with tree-cover, fern-cover and

burned vegetation. Prediction equations for

hydrologic events developed from one population of observations (watersheds) are often

solved for another population that is removed

either in time or in space. Factor and

discriminant analyses were studied as possible means of determining when it is safe to extend

a prediction from one population to another.

The methods were found useful for separating

probably successful from probably unsuccessful

extensions of prediction equations. The

classification system is illustrated by a prediction equation for suspended sediment

discharge developed from some watersheds in

California, and by a discriminant function

for marine versus nonmarine sediments based

upon microelements,

(h) "An Application of Multivariate Analysis to Sediment Network Design," James R. Wallis and

Henry W. Anderson, Intl. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol.

Publ, No. 67, pp. 357-378, 1965.

"Snow Acc\mulation and Melt in Relation to Terrain in Wet and Dry Years," Henry W,

Anderson and Allan J. West, Proc, 33rd

Western Snow Conf., pp. 73-82, I965.

"Integrating Snow Management with Basin

Management," Henry W. Anderson, "Water Research," Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore,

pp. 355-373, Dec. 1966.

"Watershed Modeling Approach to Evaluation of

the Hydrologic Potential of Unit Areas,"

Henry W. Anderson, Proc. Intl. Symp. Forest

Hydrol., 1965, pp. 735-7'+6, Pergamon Press Ltd.,

(London)

.

"Wallyl-A Large Principal Components Regression

Program with Varimax Rotation of the Factor

Weight Matrix," James R. Wallis, U.S. Forest

Serv. Res. Pap. PSW-92, p. 6, I965.

"Summary of Forests and Soil Stabilization

Session," Henry W. Anderson, Proc. Intl. Symp.

Forest Hydrol., pp. 699-700, I965, Pergamon

Press Ltd., (London).

"Watershed Shape as a Hydrologic Parameter,"

K.L. Bowden and J.R. Wallis, Proc. First Ann. Amer. Water Resources Conf., pp. 222-221)., I965.

"When Is It Safe to Extend a Prediction Equation--An Answer Based Upon Factor and Discriminant Function Analysis," James R. Wallis,

Water Resources Res., Vol. 3. No. 2, pp. 375-

381+, 1967.

"Rainfall and Stream-Flow from Small Tree- Covered and Fern- Covered and Burned Watersheds in Hawaii," Henry W. Anderson, Paul D.

170
Dixffy and Teruo Yamamoto, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Pap. PSW-Sil, pp. 10, illus., 1966.

"Erodibility Indices for Wildland Soils of

Oahu, Hawaii - As Related to Soil Forming

Factors," Teruo Yamamoto and Henry W. Anderson,

Water Resources Res., Vol. 3, pp. 785-798,

1967.

"The Effect of Random Errors upon the Accuracy

of Prediction Made from Reduced Rank Regression Equations," James R. Wallis, temporary

file report, pp. 1-8, 1966.

"Abstracted Bibliography of Erosion of Co- hesive Materials," Henry W. Anderson, Proc. Amer. Soc . Civil Engrs., Hydraul. Div.,

Vol. 93, No. HYl, pp. 117-12ij-, 1967.

"Important Watershed Characteristics Affecting

Water Yield, Flood Peaks , and Erosion and

Sedimentation and the Basic Data Needed for

Prediction," Howard W. Lull and Henry W. Anderson, Intl. Conf . on Water for Peace,

Paper k^l, 8 p. , I967.

"Erosion and Sedimentation, " Henry W. Anderson,

Quadrannial Report (USA) Intl. Assoc. Sci.

Hydrol., Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, Vol kg, No. 2, pp. 697-700, 1967.

"Snow Accumulation Relation to Meteorological,

Topographic and Forest Variables in Central

Sierra of California, " Henry W. Anderson,

Intl. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol., Berne, Symp., I967.

"General Report on Stochastic Hydrology

Papers," Henry W. Anderson, Proc. Intl. Hydrol.

Symp., Sept. 6-8, I967, Ft. Collins, Colo.,

Vol. 2, 9 pp., 1967.

(1+998) FLOOD AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION IN THE CONIFER

ZONE OF CALIFORNIA.

(b) Laboratory project. Cooperators are: Calif.

Dept. of Water Resources; Calif. Div. of

Forestry; East Bay Municipal Utilities District; Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game.

(c) Mr. Robert R. Ziemer, Project Leader, Flood

and Sediment Reduction, Pacific Southwest

Forest and Range Expmt. Sta. (Berkeley).

(d) Experimental; field investigations; basic , and applied research.

(e) This project conducts basic studies of forest

hydrology which will suggest methods of

land management for improving water quality,

preventing floods and controlling sediment in

the commercial timber zones of California.

A study of soil moisture depletion in the

Sierra Nevada concerns the magnitude of soil

moisture storage and depletion under different

stand and timber cutting intensities.

Because soil creep and landslides are prevalent

in the zone, a study of gravitational mass movement will form an effort to develop the means of estimating the consequences of mass movement in terms of sedimentation. The

ultimate objective is to develop the means of

predicting the role of land management practices, such as logging and road building in

initiating or accelerating mass movement,

(g) Soil moisture data has been collected at 1-foot

intervals for an additional summer's depletion

period from 8k neutron moisture meter access

tubes installed to a depth of 20 feet in a wide range of forest vegetation densities.

Distance and bearing to all vegetation within

814- feet (1/2 acre) of each access tube has

been collected. Soil texture has been determined for each plot to a depth of 50 feet. In addition, 20 access tubes have been installed to a depth of 17 feet around an isolated sugar pine. Thirty access tubes have

installed around 2 isolated 30-inch diameter

ponderosa pines . Recording water table

stage recorders have been installed at 3 locations

.

The initial base survey of natural soil creep

rates has been completed in holes adjacent to all inclinometer holes. A refraction seismograph survey of soil thickness is at present

being carried out at all sites.

The watershed calibration period at Caspar

Creek is completed with measurements of

streamflow, sediment discharge, and precipitation. A logging access road has been

built in the South Fork and measurements

of the post treatment period have begun,

(h) "Effects of Neutron Source Type on Soil

Moisture Measurement," Irving Goldberg,

Norman A. MacGillivray and Robert R. Ziemer,

Trans. Amer. Nuclear Soc, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 20-21, 1967.

"Mechanics and Rates of Natural Soil Creep,"

Eugene Kojan, Proc. Ann. Symp. on Engrg.

Geology and Soils Engrg., Pocatello, Idaho,

April 1967.

"Cooperative Watershed Management Research in

the Lower Conifer Zone of California, Progress

Report, 1965," R.R. Ziemer, E. Kojan, and

R.B. Thomas, Pacific Southwest Forest and

Range Expmt. Sta., U.S. Forest Service,

processed, 33 PP-, 1966.

"Cooperative Watershed Management Research,

Flood and Sediment Reduction in the Conifer

Zone of California, Progress Report 1966,

R.R. Ziemer, E. Kojan, R.B. Thomas, and R.A. Muller, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range

Expmt. Sta., U.S. Forest Service, processed,

88 pp. 1967.

(14-999) FLOOD AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION FROM STEEP

UNSTABLE BRUSHLANDS OF THE SOUTHWEST.

(b) Laboratory project. Cooperators: California

Div. of Forestry, Los Angeles County Flood

Control District; Los Angeles County Fire

Dept., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Riverside; Angeles Natl. Forest.

(c) Mr. Raymond M. Rice, Project Leader, Pacific

Southwest Forest and Range Expmt. Sta., 110

North Wabash Ave., Glendora, Calif.

(d) Experimental; field investigations; basic

and applied research.

(e) Purposes are (l) to determine how watersheds

function: what happens to the precipitation,

and how water and soil movement are influenced by conditions of vegetation, soil,

geology, and topog 'ly; and (2) to develop

methods of watershed lanagement, including

treatment of areas de uded by fire, to insure

maximum yield of usab. ^ water and ^ Isfactory

flood runoff and soil erosi-a contr.^. Most

of the current research relates to post-fire

erosion. Project scientists have identified

a fire related hydrophobic condition as an important cause of excessive erosion following

brush fires. Laboratory studies are investigating the physical properties of hydrophobic

soils and their interactions with wetting

agents. Field plot studies are being used to measure the effectiveness of wetting agents

and to test modes of application.

Work has just been completed on the analysis

of the effect of conversion from brush to grass on erosion from mass soil movement. Work is also underway developing equations to predict flood hydrographs using multivariate

statistics

.
(g) We compared Ik'i ha. of watershed land con- verted from brush to grass with 145 ha- which

were recovering normally from the effects of

a fire in I96O. We foijnd that the soil slip

erosion during I965 - 1966 was I'^k m^/ha. in

the converted area while in the naturallyrecovering area it was only 21 cubic meters

per ha. Other than conversion, slope was by

far the most important site variable related

to soil slips. Though the soil slips were found on terrain which was mapped as having

slopes as gentle as kO percent, all of the

29 slips which were actually visited and sur- veyed were found to be on terrain steeper

than 80 percent. Sixty- two percent of the

slips observed were adjacent to stream channels

and these slips were, on an average, twice as large as those not adjacent to channels. In

the naturally recovering brush areas slips were more prevalent on southfacing slopes. It now appears likely that hydrophobic layers

are developed within the soil not by heat

treatment in situ but by the vaporization of

hydrophobic substances at some upper layer

and diffusion and condensation in the deeper

layers as a result of the thermogradlent

created by the heat of the fire's passage.

This hypothesis has been supported by

laboratory experiments which simulated con- ditions during a fire. In I960 field plots

treated with a wetting agent produced kO

percent less erosion during the first year

after a brush fire. The experience gained

here and on our other plots ( some of which

where the treatment was not effective ) indi- cate that wetting agents will be effective

if the burn site is highly erodible, has a coarse-textured soil, and a well-developed

hydrophobic layer.

(5000) WATER YIELD IMPROVEMENT FROM THE BRUSHIANDS

OF THE SOUTHWEST.

(b) Laboratory project. Cooperators: California

Div. of Forestry; Los Angeles County Flood

Control District; and Univ. of California

at Berkeley, Riverside, and Los Angeles.

(c) Mr. Leonard F. DeBano, Project Leader,

Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Expmt.

Sta., 110 Worth Wabash Ave . , Glendora, Calif.

(d) Experimental; field investigations; basic

and applied research.

(e) The work center is the 17,000-acre San Dimas

Experimental Forest in the San Gabriel

Mountains of Southern California.

Field investigations include studies concerned

with the hydrologic factors of chaparral watersheds, riparian zone hydrology, and evaluation

of water yield improvements. Laboratory

studies on the movement ( saturated and un- saturated), loss and storage of water in

brushland soils supplement field studies on chaparral and riparian zone hydrology. Pur- pose of the work is (l) to establish fundamental plant, soil, water relationships as they influence water losses and water yields;

and (2) to develop and test cultural practices

aimed at improving water yield,

(g) Abstracts of unpublished material. "Water Repellent Soils and Their Relationship to Wildfire Temperatures," L.F. DeBano and J.S. Krammes (to be submitted to the Intl. Assoc.

Scientific Hydrology). A naturally occurring

water resistent soil was exposed to different

burning times and temperatiares after which the

soil samples were tested for non-wettability

.

The less Intense treatments produced an extremely non-wettable condition. Temperatures

of 800 and 900 degrees applied for 20 minutes

completely destroyed the non-wettable property. Heat treatments within the realm of soil

temperatures existing during wildfires were

capable of producing the extreme non-wettable

condition. The increased surface runoff and

erosion from burned southern California

watersheds could be the result of this

relationship

.

"Effects of Hydrophobic Substances on Moisture

Movement During Infiltration," Leonard F. DeBano (presented to Div. S-1, Soil Science

Soc . Amer.,Natl. Mtgs. Amer. Soc. Agronomy,

Nov. 3, 1965). The effect of a hydrophobic

substance on moistxjre movement was studied

during infiltration into soil columns.

Physically similar wettable and non-wettable

soils were used for the experiments. Data on infiltration rates and soil moisture distributions obtained during horizontal infiltration were used to calculate soil moisture

diffusivities for the two soils. Horizontal

infiltration rates were used to calculate

soil moisture diffusivities for the two soils.

Horizontal infiltration rates were reduced

25 fold by the presence of a hydrophobic

substance. Also, soil moisture distributions

developed in a non-wettable soil during

infiltration were different than in the

wettable soil. In a non-wettable soil there

was a decrease in moisture content between the

water source and the wetting front while in the

wettable soil the decrease over this interval

was smaller. The ratios of soil moist\are

diffusivlties of wettable to those of non- wettable soil increased as relative moisture

content decreased. This indicates that the

hydrophobic substance has a greater effect

on unsaturated soil moisture movement at lower

moisture contents. Results of this study taken

as a whole suggests a non-wettable soil property may be a significant factor in moisture

movement in southern California brushland

soils

.

"Longevity of a Wetting Agent Treatment for

Water Resistent Soils," J.S. Krammes and L.F. DeBano (presented to Div. S-1, Soil Science

Soc. Amer., Matl. Mtgs. Amer. Soc. Agronomy,

Columbus, Ohio, Nov. 3, I965.)

Field sampling in burned chaparral watersheds

shows a "non-wettable" soil property to be

widespread in southern California. Restricted

moisture movement and penetration in this soil

condition results in high surface runoff and

erosion rates during storm periods. A wetting

agent treatment has been used to modify the

wetting characteristics of these soils on burned watersheds . The longevity of such

remedial treatment was evaluated in the

laboratory leaching study. Both surface ten- sion measurements of the leachate solution and

capillary rise data shows that wetting agent

treatment to have a residual effect. It persisted in the soil until an amount of water

equivalent to more than I6 inches of natural

precipitation was applied.

Other experiments

.

Preliminary laboratory infiltration experiments

were conducted on soil columns containing a layer of non-wettable soil located below the

soil surface. The non-wettable layer was 2 inches thick with the upper interface being

2 1/2 inches below the top of the column.

172
Similar textijred wettable material was packed

above and below the non-wettable layer.

The results of infiltration experiments indicated that a non-wettable layer located in this

position reduced total infiltration into

columns. Infiltration rates decreased when

the wetting front entered and passed through

the non-wettable layer. Infiltration rate into the wettable soil overlying the non- wettable layer was similar to those in columns

packed with wettable soil. As the wetting

front entered the non-wettable layer, infiltration rates dropped below those for columns

packed only with non-wettable soil. When the

wetting front left the non-wettable layer and

passed into the wettable soil, infiltration

rates increased slightly and maintained a rate similar to those of the non-wettable

soil. The non-wettable layer appeared to influence not only infiltration when the

wetting front was located in the non-wettable

layer, but also has a residual effect at lower

depths in wettable soil,

(h) "Soil Wettability: A Neglected Factor in

Watershed Management," Jay S. Krammes and L.F. DeBano, Water Resources Res., Vol. 1, pp. 283-

286, 1965.

5001) WATER YIELDS IK HAWAII.

(b) Laboratory project. Cooperators: State of

Hawaii, Dept. of Land and Natural Resources,

Div. of Forestry.

(c) Mr. Robert E. Nelson, Chief, Hawaii Research

Center, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range

Expmt . Sta .

, kOO South Beretania St .

,

Honolulu, Hawaii

.

(d) Experimental; field investigations; basic

and applied research.

(e) The objective is to develop a hydrological and

meteorological base in Hawaii's wildland

watersheds that will suggest methods of land

management for maintaining or improving water

yield and water quality and minimizing soil

erosion and sedimentation; to obtain adequate

understanding of the processes of receiving

and discharging water and being able to predict

the effects of a wide span of forest land

management practices upon water yield and water

control; such studies are to suggest ways to manage watersheds that will (l) assure the

continued protection of watersheds; (2) improve the distribution of the water yield by

modifying the balance between the ground water

recharge and surface waterflow; (3) increase

water yields by decreasing evapotranspiration

losses; and (k) minimize flood runoff and

sedimentation

.

Major work center is in Honolulu. The principal studies under way are the determination

of soil erodibility indices for forest soils

in Hawaii , the measurement of evapotranspiration from several selected wildland vegetation types, and a study of rainfall-runoff

relations on two small forest watersheds.

(g) A study of rainfall interception and fog-drip

was begun in several forest plantations on

Ma\ai and Oahu. These studies will be expanded

to include the effects of size, shape and other

characteristics of natural and artificial

leaves on water storage and drip unaer laboratory conditions.

(h) Recent publications available from Institute

of Pacific Islands Forestry, hOO So. Beretania

St., Honolulu, Hawaii 96813:

"Rainfall and Streamflow from Small TreeCovered and Fern-Covered and Burned Watersheds in Hawaii," H.W. Anderson, P.D. Duffy,

and T. Yamamoto, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper

PSW-3i4-, 10 pp., illus. 1966.

"Erodibility Indices for Wildland Soils of Oahu,

Hawaii, as Related to Soil Forming Factors,"

T. Yamamoto and H.W. Anderson, Water Resources

Res., Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 785-798, 1967.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE,

Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station,

240 W. Prospect St., Fort Collins, Colorado 8052I

Inquiries concerning the following projects should be

addressed to Mr. Raymond Price, Director, Rocky

Mountain Forest and Range Expmt. Sta., USDA Forest

Service, at above address, unless otherwise noted

under ( c )

.

(O37W) WATER YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN SNOWPACK TIMBER

ZONE, AND REDUCTION OF RUNOFF FROM RAUGELANDS

IN THE CENTRAL ROCKY MOUNTAINS. (Formerly 377)

For Summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, 3.0094.

(657A) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (CHAPARRAL),

TEMPE, ARIZONA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) To study the disposition of precipitation as influenced by vegetation, microclimate,

topography, soils, and other physical features

of the watershed and to determine the effect

vegetation changes brought about by burning,

clearing, or herbicide treatment of chaparral

has on water, erosion, sediment, autecology,

and plant succession of native and introduced

vegetation.

To carry out these studies, 15 small watersheds

at 4 sites in central Arizona are instrumented

with rainfall and streamflow gages and other

instruments for measuring climate, and moisture, and sediment. Laboratory and greenhouse

facilities are located in Tempe on the Arizona

State University campus

.

(g) High sediment production and increased water

yield followed the destruction by a 1959

wildfire of high density chaparral (25-inch

rainfall zone )

.

Post-fire control by chemicals of resprouting

brush and replacement by grass on one 95-acre

catchment has resulted in perennial streamflow

for the past 8 years and increases in water

yield from 2 to over 10 inches annmlly

depending on rainfall. Chemical control of

6-year-old fire sprouts on 40^ of a nearby

catchment in 1^65 has produced similar

results over the past 2 years. Sediment

production appears to have declined to prefire

levels on all watersheds

.

In medium density chaparral (22-inch rainfall),

streamflow persisted throughout the summer and

fall months following chemical control of

brush within 75 feet of stream courses. This

treatment was applied in February 1^67; a complete analysis is not yet available. In

low density chaparral (less than 20 inches),

chemical and mechanical treatment of brush

has produced little or no increase in water

yield. Experimentation continues to determine

vegetation tj'pes and areas where greatest

potential exists for water yield improvement

and to develop management techniques to

173
accomplish it.

A watershed treatment of soil-applied picloram

pellets for the control of chaparral brush

resulted in the movement of detectable amounts

of picloram into the stream water. The

highest concentration found was 0-37 ppm. After 16 months and 1+0 inches of accumulated

rainfall, piclorain was no longer detectable

in the stream water. Watershed-vegetation conversion programs

depend largely upon adequate brush control

techniques. Two herbicides which have been

used with considerable success in mixed

chaparral, when applied as pellets to the

soil, are fenuron and picloram. Fenuron is more effective on the oak species than the

other chaparral shrubs (including sugar sumac and birchleaf mountainmahogany) , whereas

picloram is less effective on the oaks.

Fenuron gave better control of the oaks than

picloram but poorer control of the accompanying shrubs

.

An apparatus for measuring transpiration of

intact potted shrubs or individual intact

branches has been developed. Water vapor

released by the leaves is removed from the

airstream by desiccants or refrigerants, and

is measured gravimetrically . Initally the

method will be used to study relative trans- piration rates of potted chaparral shrubs.

The possibility of controlling transpiratory

water losses from plants by means of chemical

treatments is being studied. Sublethal rates

of low-volume foliage sprays of picloram

temporarily reduced transpiration of shrub

live oak by about 25 percent. Repeated

applications were necessary to maintain this

level of reduction, or to reduce transpiration further,

(h) "A Vegetative Key to Some Common Arizona

Range Grasses," R.F, Copple and CP. Pase,

U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Pap. RM-27, pp. 1-72,

illus

.

"Helicopter-Applied Herbicides Control Shrub

Live Oak and Birchleaf Mountainmahogany,

CP. Pase, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Note RM-8i4-, 1-k pp. , illus

.

"increasing Water Yield from Forest, Chaparral,

and Desert Shrub in Arizona," CP. Pase, and

Martin M. Fogel, Publ. Proc. of Intl. Conf. on Water for Peace, 196?.

"Improving Water Yield and Game Habitat by

Chemical Control of Chaparral," CP. Pase, P.A. Ingebo, E.A. Davis, and CY. McCulloch,

Proc. Intl. Union Forestry Res. Organ.,

presented in Munich, Germany, Sept. 1967-

"Moisture-Retention Capacity of Litter \ander

Two Arizona Chaparral Communities," R.M. Garcia and CP. Pase, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Note RM-85, 2 pp., illus.

(657B) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (RIPARIAN),

TEMPE, ARIZONA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) To determine for phreatophytic vegetation

(water-loving plants) the amount of water

used, methods for reducing water use by

phreatophytes or for replacing them with more useful plants

.

Methods of determining water losses are being

studied. Ecology of Tamarlx pentandra and

other phreatophytes is under investigation.

Germination, seedling survival, sprouting

ability, and rate of spread studies are

I7I4-

continued.

(g) Initial studies with a portable pressure

chamber indicate that this approach may have

wide application to watershed management

because of the rapidity of measurements and

low cost of equipment. It is possible that

the technique can be used to determine

existing plant-water stresses of individual

trees and shrubs on a watershed and from this

determine the site where vegetation manipulation would yield the most in returns of

increased water.

(657c) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ( PINE-FIR TYPE), TEMPE,

ARIZONA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Project Leader; Forest Hydrology Laboratory,

Arizona State Univ., Tempe, Arizona.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) Field and laboratory project to study:

Effect of timber and grassland manipulations

on water yield improvement; effect of

changes in forest vegetation on evapotranspiration, radiation, and snowmelt and

accumulation; and determination of the

process of infiltration, retention and move- ment of water in soils, and how frost affects

both saturated and unsaturated waterflow.

At Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest in central

Arizona three pine-fir watersheds (Workman

Creek, elev. 7)000 ft.) are currently under

experimental treatments. In eastern Arizona

two ponderosa pine watersheds ( Castle Creek,

elev. 8,000 ft.), four mixed-conifer watersheds (Willow-Thomas, elev. 9,200 ft.), and

two high elevation grassland watersheds

(Seven Springs, elev. 9j300 ft.) are in stages

of calibration or treatment. Plot studies^

include measurements of microclimate,

radiation, frost, and snow accumulation and

melt.

New treatments were initiated on North and

South Forks of Workman Creek. On North Fork,

all woody vegetation from the area now

occupied by merchantable ponderosa pine will

be removed and replaced with perennial grass.

This treatment clears approximately one-half

of the watershed area or two-thirds of the area not already treated. Treatment of

South Fork will test the effect of converting

the mixed-conifer forest to a pure ponderosa

pine stand. The goal is a stand of kO square

feet of basal area per acre when pine trees

reach 7 inches d.b.h. Treatment of Castle

p. Creek watersheds was completed. The plan

has been to place five- sixths of the watershed in the best growing condition possible

for existing ponderosa pine by removing mature

and overmature trees and trees growing in

crowded conditions. The remaining one-sixth

of the area was clear cut in blocks fitted to existing stands of overmature and mature tree

classes.

(g) Water yield from the treated North Fork of

Workman Creek averaged Ik-k percent of expected

on an annual basis. The adjusted values show

post-treatment increases every month of the

year. Maximum increases O.32 and O.3O inch

occurred March and February. Increases

ranging between 0.07 and 0.1k inch occurred

November, December, January, April, and

August. The remainder of the months the

increase was between 0.0k and O.O5 inch.

Eighty percent of the increase occurred

during the 8 winter months and 20 percent
during the k summer months ( June-September)

.

Adjusted monthly values for South Fork of

Workman Creek, where there is a small but

nonsignificant increase in annual water yields

as the result of treatment indicate only a significant increase in March. For the remaining 11 months, the before and after treatment

values are almost exactly the same.

(1969) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, ALBUQUERQUE,

NEW MEXICO.

(b) Laboratory project. Some work in cooperation

with the Bureau of Land Management.

(d) Applied research.

(e) Evaluation of range -watershed conditions on small watersheds in the San Luis drainage of

the Rio Puerco. Three contiguous watersheds,

ranging from 338 to 555 acres located about 8

miles north of the San Luis community and

west of the Rio Puerco main channel provide

the study area. Water and sediment Inflow

are measiired in small reservoirs formed by

earthen dams. Precipitation rates and amoimts

of vegetation changes are periodically measured

over the watersheds. Twelve years of data

have been collected under cattle grazing during

a 6 month overwinter period (November 1 to April 30).

Work has begun on methods of restoring pro- tective vegetation cover on bare areas of

alluvial floodplains found on the Rio Puerco

watersheds. These areas serve as sediment

traps where vegetation can slow runoff velocities sufficiently to deposit debris loads.

Studies of germination, seedling development,

soil temperatures, and moisture regimes have

been started.

To obtain Inventory information on the hydrologic variables of the pinyon- juniper type,

five small watersheds with ephemeral streams are being gaged by means of a prefabricated

flberglassed flume.

(g) Summer-deferred grazing significantly increased the ground cover index and reduced sediment

yields on the Rio Puerco drainage . Soil

ripping also Increased forage production.

Largest gains in plant cover occurred on alluvial floodplains growing alkali sacaton. Alkali sacaton provides fairly abundant

forage. Is an effective ground cover, withstands relatively heavy grazing, and may offer

possibilities for reseeding.

Tests were conducted to determine optimum

temperature requirements for germinating

alkali sacaton, galleta, and blue grama, three native grass species that can be used

to stabilize soil. Galleta and blue gamma

germinate well over a wide range of temperatures whereas alkali sacaton does best at 90°F or alternating 68-86°F temperatures.

(h) "Deferred Grazing and Soil Kipping Improves

Forage on New Mexico's Rio Puerco Drainage,"

Earl F. Alden, N. Mex. Stockman, Vol. 31, No. 11, pp. kk-k6.

"Alkali Sacaton: Its Merits for Forage and

Cover," Wayne C. Hlckey, Jr., and H.W. Springfield, Jour. Range Manage., Vol. 19, pp. 71-7k, illiis. "Influence of Temperature on the Or-;nninatlon

of Some Range Grasses," O.D. Knlpe, Jour. Range Manage., Vol. 20, pp. 298-299.

(2658) IMPROVEMENT OF WATER YIELDS AND SOIL

STABILIZATION IN THE BLACK HILLS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) Experimental study of geologic and associated

site factors to improve the basis for prediction of watershed behavior; soil moisture

in relation to forest stand characteristics

to provide criteria for design of forest stand

manipiolation to improve water yield; effects

of valley bottom grassland uses on stream

channels and flow characteristics to Improve

the basis for management design,

(g) Extensive refraction seismograph and electrical

resistivity surveys of three small watersheds

together with core drilling have provided the

basis for delineating probable ground water

storage areas and base flow sources in relation

to hypsometry and morphology. Geophysical

methods appear to have a definite potential

for study of the hydrologic properties of

substrata

.

Thinning from 19O to 80 square feet per acre basal area in second growth ponderosa pine

increased the free water seepage yield potential due to the initial reduction of soil

moisture depletion as compared with unthinned.

Patch clearcuttlng definitely Increased free

water seepage.

Under protection from livestock grazing the

soil in stream bottom grasslands Is slowly

recovering from compaction and less summer storm runoff is being produced depending on initial soil density and the lay of the land.

(3569) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, LARAMIE,

WYOMING.

(b) Laboratory project and Bureau of Land

Management

.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) (1) To determine the effects of big sagebrush

control on total runoff, runoff from snowmelt, snow accumulation and storage pattern. Three

high elevation sagebrush watersheds , 60 to

106 acres, in northwestern Wyoming, provide

the study area. V-notch weirs gage the runoff,

and suspended sediment samples are taken

periodically. Snowpack is sampled along

permanent transects and at random points.

Precipitation is sampled by a network of

recording and non-recording gages. (2) To

determine the effects of big sagebrush control

on total runoff, runoff from snowmelt and

sxanmer storms, snow accumulation and storage

pattern, and soil movement. Five watersheds,

370 to 1600 acres, mean elevation about

7,700 ft., comprise a 7200-acre study area in

southern Wyoming. Instrumentation has just

begun, with V-notch weirs presently gaging

two perennial streams. (3) To determine snow accumulation, disappearance, and disposition

of melt water In natural and sprayed stands

of big sagebrush. Six 0.7 acre plots have

been established within the high elevation

sagebrush type in northwestern Wyoming. After

sufficient pretreatment study, sagebrush on three of the plots will be eradicated by

spraying. Snow water content is sampled

periodically throughout the winter and spring,

and descriptions of snowpack morphology are made when meaningful. Soil moisture is

measured with neutron probe to trace course

of soil recharge during snowmelt. Soil frost

observations are being related to soi

1

temperature measured with thermistors permanently placed in the upper two feet of soil.

(h) To evaluate the effects of Inducing snow accumulation on a watershed through use of

175
artificial barriers. Three experimental

grassland- type drainages, 88 to Ihk acres, have been selected for the study in southeastern Wyoming where snow transport by wind

coramonly occurs. V-notch weirs are installed

to measure water yield. Snowpack is sampled

in areas of natural accumulation along permanent transects. Summer precipitation is

sampled by a network of recording and non- recording gages. (5) To determine the

relationship of snowfence height to snow drift

water content. Four replications of five

fence heights (6, 8, 10, 12, and I6 feet) are being field tested in southeastern Wyoming.

Snow drift profile are measured periodically

throughout the winter using a dumpy level,

and water contents are sampled with a Mount

Rose sampler,

(g) (1) Water samples collected between July and

October 1965 from four locations at a Wyoming

moiontain bog were analyzed for radiologic

content. The gross alpha and beta content of

the water was less than 5 and 10 pc/liter,

respectively. Gross beta activity of filterable solids in groundwater collected above the

bog reached 1+00 pc/gram when the water table

was at a seasonal minimum, but on other dates

and at bog and stream locations the gross beta

activity of filterable solids was less than

100 pc/gram. Radiation levels in waters from

snow, overland flow, and stream sources were measured in May, June, or October 1965. Snow

water activity was less than 25 pc/liter, but

filterable solids had a maximum gross alpha

and beta activity of 214-3 and 1,3^8 pc/gram,

respectively. Standing vegetation, litter, and

moss on the bog surface screened radionuclides

from snowmelt water. (2) Water samples collected July through October I965 at a Wyoming

mountain bog were analyzed for potability and

seasonal changes in calcitm, magnesium, iron

and silica. Fo\ar locations were sampled;

effluent stream, fissure and peat locations

in the bog, and groundwater. Color and tur- bidity of peat water greatly exceeded that at other locations and the maximum levels established by the U.S. Public Health Service for

drinking water. Dissolved mineral content of

all samples was very low, and the waters were

of excellent chemical quality. All waters

from peat and fissures contained coliform

organisms, probably of a non-fecal origin.

The concentration of minerals in peat water

remained constant through the sampling period.

Mineral concentrations in groundwater increased

in September when the water table was at a seasonal minimum, but decreased in October

following water table recharge. Silica levels were higher than that of other ions at all

locations; the highest levels were in peat

water. (3) Selected hydrologic characteristics

of the organic fill at a Wyoming mountain bog were measTired in the laboratory and in the

field. Organic materials were collected at depths of O-I3 and 13-25 cm in moderately decomposed surface peat, and at a 36-'+8 cm depth

in decomposed peat. Bulk densities were

0.150, 0.208, and 0.2l6 g/cc at these three

depths, respectively. Water yields at these

respective depths were 0.233, 0.11|-0, and O.O76

g/cc between saturation and 0.10 bar suction,

and 0.500, 0.14-58, and 0.3^9 g/cc between

saturation and 1.00 bar suction. Both bulk

density and water retention were related to the degree of decomposition and thus to pore

size distribution. Surface peat contained

large voids which emptied at low suctions,

but greater suctions were required to empty

the smaller pores of decomposed material.

Hydraulic conductivity measured in situ at depths of k6 and 91 cm was 23-9 x 10" 3 cm/day,

and 16.1 x 10"-^ cm/day, respectively,

(h) "Water Quality as Affected by a Wyoming Mountain

Bog," David L. Sturges, V'ater Resources Res.,

Vol. 3, No. I+, pp. 1085-1089, 1967.

3895) WATER YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN ALPINE AREAS AUD

AVALANCHE PREDICTION AND PREVENTION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and field investigation; applied

research.

(e) To determine methods for controlling the

deposition of snow in alpine areas in order to increase summer streamflow from late-lying

snowfields . To reduce danger from snow avalanches to winter sports areas, highways,

mining operation, and homes by improving

the evaluation and forecasting of avalanche

hazard and developing methods of stabilizing

the snow cover on mountain slopes.

(g) Wind profiles at sites where slat and wire

snowfences have been used to increase natural

snow accumulation show intermittent separation

of the windflow pattern to be important. At

sites where separation takes place at or upwind of the fence, snow b-uries the fence and

damages it. At sites where no separation of

flow exists upwind of fence site, fences

remained unburied and effective all winter.

A study of 80 avalanche tracks threatening

major highways in Colorado shows that one-half

start above timberline; most have a gradient

of 27 to 35 degrees and length of 300 to 900

meters . Eighty percent of avalanches ran during storms. Comparison of snow in a small

opening in the forest and in the starting zone of nearby avalanches showed depth, grain shape,

and strength of snow in the lowest layers to be similar at the two sites. The great

difference in strength and thickness of middle

layers at the two sites was attributed to wind

action at the more exposed avalanche sites.

(h) "The Weather and Climate of a High Mountain

Pass in the Colorado Rockies," Arthur Judson,

U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper RM-I6, 28 pp., Nov. 1965.

"Accumulation of Snow in Alpine Areas of

Central Colorado and Means of Influencing It,"

M. Ifertinelli, Jr., Glaciology 5(l4-l): 625-636,

June 1965.

"Avalanche Technology and Research--Recent

Accomplishments and Fut\H-e Plans," M. Martinelli, Jr., Weatherwise 19(6): 233-239

and 270-271, Dec. I966.

"Possibilities of Snowpack Management in Alpine

Areas," M. Martinelli, Jr., Proc , Intl. Symp. on Forest Hydrology, Sopper and Lull (ed.),

Pergamon Press, pp. 225-231, I966. "New Snow Measuring Instruments," M. Martinelli,

Jr., Proc. Intl. Symp. Forest Hydrology,

Sopper and Liill (ed.), Pergamon Press, pp. 797-

800, 1966.

An Example of Damage from a Powder Avalanche,"

M. Martinelli, Jr. and K.D. Davidson, Bull.

Intl. Assoc. Scl. Hydrology, XI, No. 3> PP26-3I4, 1966.

"Snow Avalanches along Colorado Mountain Highways, Hans Frutiger, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper RM-7, 85 pp., I96I4-. "A Manual for Planning Structural Control of

176
Avalanches," Hans Frutiger and M. Martlnelli,

Jr., U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper RM-19, 68 pp., 1966.

(3896) GULLY CONTROL METHODS AND REDUCTION OF EROSION

FROM MOUNTAIN STREAM CHANNELS.

(h) Latoratory project.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Investigation of gully and pipe formation

processes and development of methods for control. Determination of hydraulic characteristics of mountain stream channels to develop

criteria for stability.

(g) Improved check dams developed and tested.

Diversion of water from gully channels to designated waterways also tested with indicated

success on steep slopes on soils derived from

Wasatch shale and sandstones. Work in natural

mountain channels starting.

(h) "Hydraulic Reclamation: A Unique Italian

Method in Watershed Rehabilitation, " Eurchard

H. Heede, Jour. Soil and Water Conserv.,

Vol 20, No. 5, pp. 216-219. Sept. - Oct. I965.

"Design, Construction and Cost of Rock Check

Dams," Burchard H. Heede, U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper RM-20, May I966.

"Gully Development and Control in the Rocky

Mountains of Colorado," Burchard H. Heede,

Ph.D. Thesis, Colo. State Univ., 28? pp.. Ft. Collins, Colo. (Thesis available on interlibrary loan from Colo. State Univ.) I967.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE , Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, P.O. Box 2570,

Asheville, Worth Carolina 28802

Inquiries concerning the following projects should be

addressed to Mr. Walter M. Zillgltt, Director, Southeastern Forest Expmt. Sta. at above address.

( 380) WATER RESOURCE AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

RESEARCH.

(b) Laboratory project. For general public use and Information.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) Basic research into forest hydrologlc processes

governing the disposition of precipitation on forest lands of the southeastern United States.

Demonstrations of several cover types and land

management practices and their effect upon the

amount, quality, and timing of water yield.

Development of watershed management methods

pertinent to the region including pilot testing,

cooperative trials, and demonstrations of these

methods. The work is centered at the 5>600- acre Coweeta Hydrologlc Laboratory in the

mountains of western Worth Carolina near Franklin. Located in the zone of maximum precipitation in the eastern United States, the

research area receives an average of 80 inches

of precipitation each year, mostly coming as rain in about 100 separate climatic events. The basic hydrologlc gaging network at Coweeta

includes 3 multiple, 16 unit, and 12 standby

watersheds ranging from k- acres to 3 square

miles with continuous streamflow records up to

33 years in length; 13 recording and I6 stan- dard rain gages; 1 evaporation pan; 3 metering anemometers; 1 recording pyrheliometer;

and 3 hygrothermographs . A small laboratory

provides facilities for routine soil moisture

work and for turbidity measurement of streamflow. Soil moisture is measured in the field

by 3 neutron scattering devices. Moisture

and density changes in isolated soil blocks are determined by gamma ray attenuation. Recorder

punch tapes and chart traces are translated at

the laboratory onto punch cards for computations. Now largely Inactive, a unit located

near Union, South Carolina, has been the site

of considerable work on erosion control, com- parative water use by different forest cover

types, and soil moisture recharge in the

piedmont. Research studies include: (l)

forest treatment effects on water yield; (2)

the hydrology of mountain unit watersheds under

several cover types; (3) movement and storage

of soil water on steep slopes; (k) predicting

soil moisture In steep terrain for hydrologlc

purposes; (5) morphology of the soil mantle

related to water storage and release to streamflow; (6) structural descriptions of

plant communities as related to water yield;

(7) effect of forest cover and mountain

physiography on the radiant energy balance;

(8) rainfall interception by mixed hardwood,

white pine, and grass; (9) mechanizing hydrologic data collection and processing; (lO)

stream diversion to deep soiled slopes to stabilize and increase late summer flows; and

(11) pilot testing multiple use of forest for

water, timber, recreation, and wildlife on a 365-acre watershed.

(f) Active; as individual studies are completed

they are reported via technical reports and

publications.

(g) A 22-acre catchment converted from hardwood to grass In 1959-1960 has continued to yield more water each year as the original grass cover declined in vigor. Water yield increases for

the past 5 years have been 0, 0.9, 1.3i ^-6,

and 6.9 Inches as dry matter production of

grass declined from about 3-5 to I.5 tons/acre

year. Both grass vigor and water yield were restored to the I960 level by heavy fertilization in April 1965. A computer method of

separating a continuous streamflow hydrograph

into quick and delayed flow components has

been developed to facilitate study of stream- flow behavior from small catchments. This

technique employs a straight line of separation

projected forward at beginning of hydrograph

rise until it intersects the recession side of

the storm hydrograph. All flow above the

separation line Is quick flow, all below it

is delayed flow. Using this technique, 15

forested watersheds in eastern United States were separated into quick and delayed flow by

computer and ranked according to mean precipitation, quick flow, and response factors

quick flow/precipitation and quick flow/total

water yield. The overriding prevalence of

subsurface flow was indicated and other important relationships determined by this

technique. Use of computer separated compo- nents of the hydrograph is continuing to develop new and better streamflow prediction

methods and for analysis of forest treatment

effects based on the climatic event. A clearcutting experiment on a ij-O-acre watershed was repeated after 23 years of regrowth since the

first cut in 19^0. The water yield increase

during the first year after the second cut was almost identical with results after the

first cut, Ik. 'J and 1*4-. 6 inches respectively.

The latest of a series of clearcuttlng

experiments produced a first year yield in- crease of 11 area inches. This is the
steepest and highest area yet treated at

Coweeta; its top elevation exceeds 5200 feet

above sea level. A review of worldwide for- est cutting experiments reveals that 100 percent reduction of forest vegetation may give

water yield increases as large as l8 inches

during the first year following treatment,

"but that most treatments give considerably

less, depending primarily on climate and distribution of precipitation throughout the year,

(h) "Man, Water, and the Forest," J.E. Douglass,

Forest Farmer 26(5): 6-7, 18, 20, I967.

"Coweeta Lab Selected as Model," Anonymous,

Georgia Forestry 20(l): 12, I967.

"Effect of Leaf Aging on Water Deficit-Water

Potential Relationships of Dogwood Leaves

Growing in Two Environments," E.B. Knlpling,

Physiologia Plantarxjm 20: 65-72, I967.

"Potential Impact of Forest Fertilization on Range, Wildlife, and Watershed Management,"

J.B. Hilmon and J.E. Douglass, presented at

Symp. on Forest Fertilization, Univ. of Florida,

Gainesville, April 18-21, I967.

"Interception by Eastern White Pine," J.D. Helvey, Water Resources Res. 3(3): 723-729,

1967.

(5813) HYDROLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WETLAND FORESTS.

(b) Laboratory project. For general public use and information.

(d) Experimental; applied and basic research.

(e) Project objective is to develop effective and

reliable water control and soil management

techniques through increased knowledge of the

hydrology, soil properties, and soil-waterplant relations of wetland forests . Research

is concentrated on three major problems: (l)

Define the natural hydrology of the major

physiographic wetland types: bottomlands,

bays and pocosins, and wet flatlands; (2)

Determine the effects of principal engineering

water control measures on area hydrology arid soil properties; and, (3) Determine the effects

of vegetal manipulation on area hydrology

and soil properties. Studies are conducted in

wetla,nd forests throughout the southeastern

coastal plain from Virginia through Florida.

Accordingly much of the program consists of

water control and soil research in cooperation

with wood-using industries and other wetland

forest managers who have made or plan to make

capital investments to manage water on their

land. In addition, research is conducted on

the Santee Experimental Forest, located 32 miles north of Charleston, S.C., which has a small laboratory and three stream gaging

stations on watersheds of kOO, 1200, and

11,000 acres.

(f) Active; as individual studies are completed

they are reported via technical reports and

publications

.

(g) In one study, comparison of diameter growth of

60-year-old loblolly pine on plots where the

understory had been eradicated by prescribed

summer fires with growth on those where the

\mderstory was untreated did not show a meaninful difference. Adequate growing season rainfall and advanced age of the trees could explain

the study results. Other research demonstrates

that uncontrolled drainage of wet hardwood lands

is a problem because water controls the establishment of hardwoods and their subsequent

growth rates. On the other hand, controlled

drainage of wet slash pine flats in northwest

Florida can cause significant Improvement in

the height growth of slash pine trees. Moreover, diameter and height growth of loblolly

pine on drained wetlands is better during wet years than during dry, and on clayey soils

than on sandy soils. Variability of soil

properties has always created problems in soil

sampling in the lower coastal plain of South

Carolina where little Information is available

to guide study designs. Res\ilts of another

study show the number of sampling locations on test plots needed to estimate the mean of

various physical properties within five percent

for two probability levels and two common wetland soils. Scientists faced with a soil

sampling problem on similar wetlands soils

will now have a starting point to determine

the magnitude of sampling needed in their work,

(h) "An Overflow System for a Standard U.S. Weather Bureau Evaporation Pan," Cortland E. Young, Jr. and James E. Henderson, Research

Note SE-60, Sept. I966.

"Diameter Growth of Mature Loblolly Pine

Unaffected by Understory Control," Ralph A. Klawltter, Southern Lumberman, Vol. 213 (2656):

15i^-155, 1966.

"Drainage," Ralph A. Klawltter, Proc. 1966

Symp. on Hardwoods of the Piedmont and Coastal

Plain, Georgia Forest Research Council,

pp. 16-17, Oct. 1566.

"Early Response of Pole-Sized Slash Pine to Drainage," Ralph A. Klawltter, Research Note

SE-63, Sept. 1966.

"Growth Trends of Loblolly Pine on Two Drained

Wetlands," Cortland E. Young, Jr., Southern

Lumberman, Vol. 213 (2656): I6O-I61, 1966.

"Soil Sampling Small Wetland Forest Plots in

the Coastal Plain," Cortland E. Young, Jr.,

Research Note SE-59, June I966.

"Waterbalance on a Forested Watershed in the

Flatwoods," Cortland E. Young, Jr., Annual

Southeast Section Mtg., Amer. Soc. Agric.

Engrs., Proc. 63rd Ann. Convention, Feb. 1966,

3 pages.

"Woodland Water Management in Soil and Water

Conservation," Ralph A. Klawltter, Proc. Ninth

Ann. Meeting of Soil Conserv. Soc. Amer.,

Vol. V, 8 pates, I966.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE , Southern Forest Experiment Station.

Inquiries concerning the following projects should be

addressed to T.C. Nelson, Director, Southern Forest

Experiment Sta., T-10210 Federal Bldg., 701 Loyola

Ave., New Orleans, Louisiana 70113.

(291i4-) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, OXFORD, MISS.

(b) Laboratory project, in cooperation with Soil

Conservation Service, Agricultural Research

Service, and Univ. of Mississippi.

(d) Field investigation of runoff and erosion

from small experimental watershed on forest

and potential forest lands; basic and applied

research

.

(e) Twelve small natural headwater catchments, two to four acres each, were Installed In batteries

of three to determine runoff and erosion from

old fields, depleted upland hardwoods, pine

plantations, and mat\jre upland pine-hardwoods.

Four of the six old field and depleted hardwood watersheds were planted to pine in 196^4-, after site preparation which Included burning.

178
Treatments on the pine and pine hardwoods are deferred until after a suitable calibration

period. Five additional watersheds in pine

plantations are being calibrated prior to testing effects of timber harvesting on runoff,

erosion, and sediment flows. Related studies

include restoration of depleted watersheds and

plant-soil-water relationships.

(f) Data collection on all watersheds is continuing.

(g) Runoff and erosion appear to have increased

moderately after prescribed burning.

(h) "Forest Hydrology Research in Mississippi,"

S.J. Ursic , Proc . Mississippi Water Resources

Conf., 1966.

"Mulch Improves Loblolly Pine Survival in

Coastal Plain Parent Materials," S.J. Ursic,

Jour, of Forestry, 6k(ll): pp. 728-730.

Nov. 1966.

"Survival of Planted Loblolly Pine Seedlings:

Moisture, Temperatiare , and Soil as Influences,"

D.C. McClurkin, Jour of Forestry, 6i+(ll):

731-73^, Nov. 1966.

"Vegetation for Erosion Control in the South- ern Coastal Plain of the United States," D.C. McClurkin, Intl. Symp. on Forest Hydrology,

Proc. of a Natl. Science Foundation Advanced

Science Seminar, Pennsylvania State Univ.,

Aug. 29 - Sept. 10, 1965, Pergamon Press - Oxford and New York, 1966.

"Throughfall in Pole-Sized Loblolly Pine as Affected by Stand Density," T.L. Rogerson,

Intl. Symp. on Forest Hydrology, Proc. of a

Natl. Science Foundation Advanced Seminar,

Pennsylvania State Univ., Aug. 29 - Sept. 10,

1965, Pergamon Press - Oxford and New York,

1966. "Late Planting Improves Loblolly Survival,"

S.J. Ursic, U.S. Forest Service Research Paper

S0-2l^, 12 pp., illus. 1966.

"Stabilizing Steep Gvilly Banks with Excelsior

Mulch and Loblolly Pine," P.D. Duffy and D.C. McClurkin, Jour. Soil and Water Conservation.

22(2): 70-71. March-April I967.

"Using Runoff Events to Calibrate Small

Forested Catchments," S.J. Ursic and T.W. Popham, Proc, Fourteenth Intl. Union Forest.

Res. Organ. Congr., Vol 1, pp. 319-32i<-. "Longfingergrass Covers Bare Sites Quickly,

D.C. McClurkin and V.E. Ahlrich, Crops and

Soils Mag., pp. 18-19. Dec. I967.

"Site Index of Loblolly Pine on Ruston Soils

in the Southern Coastal Plain," R.R. Covell

and D.C. McClurkin, Jour, of Forestry, 65:

263-26it, illus. 1967.

"Improved Standards for Neutron Soil Water

Meters," S.J. Ursic, Soil Science, 10k{'^): 1967.

3225) WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, HARRISON,

ARKANSAS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Field investigations on effects of forest

type and condition on timing of flows in streams of the Ozark-Ouachita uplands; basic

and applied research.

(e) Runoff and sediment from three small mountain

watersheds are measured currently. H-flumes

and stage recorders were installed on eight

additional watersheds ranging from 2 to ^4-0 acres . Cover conditions will be changed

after an adequate calibration period. Related

studies of soil moisture and erosion are continuing.

(f) Records of runoff and sediment collected

currently.

(h) "Thro\;ghfall and Stemflow in a Pine-Hardwood

Stand in the Omchita Mountains of Arkansas,"

E.R. Lawson, Water Resources Res., Vol. 3i No. 3, pp. 731-735, 1?67. "New Neutron Probe System Speeds Logging of

Soil Water Profiles," T.L. Rogerson and S.J. Ursic, Proc, Fourteenth Intl. Union Forest.

Res. Organ. Congr., Vol. 1, pp. kl6-kl^,

illus. 1967.

AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Dept. of Aeronautical Engrg. , Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 53^33

(6472) HELE-SHAW SOURCE, SINK, AND CIRCULATORY FLOW

VISULIZATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.C. Larsen, Head, Dept. of Aero. Engrg.,

Air Force Inst. Tech.

(d) Master's thesis.

(e) The Hele-Shaw flow visualization technique was extended to show sources, sinks, doublets, and

combined flows in a \miform stream. A method

of contouring one wall enabled circulatory

flow to be demonstrated. The flows obtained were compared with analjrtic solutions to evaluate the validity of flows obtained, and

to enable complex flows to be obtained

experimentally where no solution exists.

(f) Discontinued.

(g) Useful techniques in analyzing complex

potential flows were obtained.

(h) "Hele-Shaw Source, Sink, and Circulatory Flow

Visualization," GAM/AE/66E-10 (thesis) may be

obtained by writing to correspondent.

(6i4-73) MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY PROFILE AND DECAY OF VELOCITY IN RADIAL FLOW JETS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.C. Larsen; see {6h72) above.

(d) Thesis.

(e) Theoretical equations describing the velocity

profile for the near solution, and velocity

profile and decay law were obtained for radial

flow jets. Experimental data was needed to verify the usefulness of the solutions obtained and to match a transition regime between

them. A masters thesis has obtained the

necessary data, which was collected by total

head pressure measurement and hot wire

anemometers

.

(g) Agreement between theory and experiment in

velocity profile is good, but decay is slower

than predicted by the "far" solution.

(h) "Measurement of Velocity Profile and Decay of

Velocity in Radial Flow Jets," Marvin E. Howe,

thesis, GAM/AE/68-5.

U.S. ARMY COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING

LABORATORY , P.O. Box 282, Hanover, New Hampshire

03755

(6383) HYDROIOGY OF A SMALL DRAINAGE BASIN ON THE COASTAL PLAIN OF NORTHERN ALASKA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Jerry Brown, Research Soil Scientist, USA

CRREL.

(d) Field and experimental.

(e) Provides hydrogeological data in support of

soils and vegetation processes at Barrow,

Alaska and obtains information on the water

balance in a coastal tundra environment

179
underlain by permafrost.

(f) Completed.

(g) Runoff varies widely; hydrograph analyses

revealed: (l) lag times generally from 3 "to 10 hrs; (2) recession constants about 50

hrs; (3) runoff from individual storms between

1 and 70^. Assuming all winter precipitation

runs off over the seasonally frozen ground and

the data are spatially and temporarily

representative, about 50^ of the measured

annual precipitation in this region runs off

into the Arctic Ocean.

(h) USA CRREL Research Report "Hydrology of a

Small Drainage Basin on the Coastal Plain of

Northern Alaska," Jerry Brown, S. Lawrence

Dingman and R.I. Lewellen (in press) and

Amer. Geophys. Union, Trans. Vol. k&, p. 93

(abstract)

.

(638J4-) RECONNAISSANCE HYDROLOGIC STUDY OF THE DELTA

RIVER AND ITS DRAINAGE BASIN, EAST-CENTRAL

AIASKA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) S. Lawrence Dingman, Research Hydrologist,

USA CRREL.

(d) Field study; basic.

(e) A one-year reconnaissance study of a large

braided glacial river and its drainage basin

(drainage area - I665 m^: elevation range

1000 - 10,000 ft) for which a minimum of

hydrometric and meteorologic data existed.

Includes estimates of the water-balance, flowduration curves, and sediment characteristics,

and descriptions of stream response to glacial

melt and rain, channel geometry and channel

processes

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Mean annual basin precipitation is estimated

at kO.k in. and a mean annual loss of

permanent glacial storage is about 1 in. About

30^ of this leaves the basin as evapo-transplration, 50^ as streamflow, and 20^ as groundwater flow. Characteristics of response to glacial melt are outlined. Flow peaks near

the mouth occur within Zk hours of rainfall of

greater than 0.5 in. /day at foothills meteorological stations; rains of less than that

amount do not generally produce discernible

stream response. Stream channel geometry is

described in detail - most channels on the

lower floodplain are asymmetrical and are rougly triangular or parabolic, and have high

width/depth ratios. At-a-station hydraulic

geometry is described. Surveys and ground

and aerial photography are used to describe

channel changes

.

(h) USA CRREL Research Report "The Delta River and

Its Drainage Basin - Reconnaissance Hydrological Study," S. Lawrence Dingman et al.

(in preparation), I968. (Available from USA

CRREL, Box 282, Hanover, N.H. 03755).

(6385) HYDROLOGIC STUDY OF THE GLENN CREEK DRAINAGE

BASIN NEAR FAIRBANKS, ALASKA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) S. Lawrence Dingman; see (638'+) above.

(d) Field study; basic doctoral thesis.

(e) A study of runoff characteristics and thermal

erosion in a sub-artic watershed of O.7 m"

area, largely underlain by permafrost. Measurements of rainfall, runoff, pan evaporation, moss evaporation, solar radiation, wind, air

and water temperature, and relative humidity

have been made over parts of four summers.

(g) Rainfall-runoff measurements have shown very

I

slow recessions and long lag-times relative to similar- si zed and even much larger watersheds

in more temperate regions. The thick moss ground cover over much of the basin is thought

to be responsible for their characteristics.

Thermokarst features along the stream con- tribute a large burden of suspended sediment

to the stream,

(h) USA CRREL Special Rept. 86 "Hydrologic Studies

of the Glenn Creek Drainage Basin Near Fairbanks, Alaska," S. Lawrence Dingman, 30 p., 1966. (Available from USA CRREL, Box 282,

Hanover, N.H. 03755).

"Characteristics of Summer Runoff from a Small

Watershed in Central Alaska," S. Lawrence

Dingman, Water Resources Res., Vol. 2, No. k, p. 751-75it, 1966. (Available from author

USA CRREL.

(6386) CHARACTERISTICS OF ALASKAN STREAMS AND BASINS

AS RELATED TO MILITARY MOBILITY.

(b) U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command.

(c) Dr. Jerry Brown; see (6383) above.

(d) Field and experimental; basic and applied.

(e) Objective is to evaluate interrelated hydrologic and morphologic characteristics of

selected rivers and drainage basins in Alaska,

for identifying, understanding and predicting

characteristics of arctic and subartic water- way as related to vehicular mobility problems.

Basic hydrologic and morphologic data are collected in the Tanana River Basin, Alaska.

(g) Results await f\irther reduction of 1967 data.

(h) Operational Report, Nov. 1967, " Characteristics of Alaska Streams and Basins as Related

to Military Mobility," Capt. C.W. Slaughter,

S.L. Dingman, and P.V. Sellmann. This is an

interim report and available only upon special

request. Final report will be available by 1 July 1968.

(6387) THE EFFECTS OF THERMAL POLLUTION ON RIVER ICE

CONDITIONS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) S. Lawrence Dingman; see (G^Qh-) above.

(d) Theoretical with field experimentation; basic.

(e) Formulation of a steady- state model describing

the downstream cooling of river water below a source of thermal pollution and estimation of

the length of ice-free reach associated with

such pollution under conditions when unaffected

portions of the river are ice-covered.

(g) A steady state model was developed relating

water temperature (T^) and distance below the

thermal pollution source (x) as T

dT

X = C w where T is water temperatiire

at x = 0, T^^ is water temperature at x, Q* is

heat loss rate from the water surface, and C is a constant including river velocity and

depth. Q* is the sum of heat loss rates due

to short- and long-wave radiation, evaporation,

convection, and in-falling precipitation, and

is evaluated from meteorological conditions.

Numerical integration is used to evaluate the

relation between x and T . The model was

w successful in predicting lengths of ice-free

reaches associated with power plants on the up- per Mississippi River. It is shown that properly placed nuclear reactors could keep significant portions of the St. Lawrence River icefree .
(h) USA. CRREL Research Kept. 206 "The Effects of

Thermal Pollution on River Ice Conditions,"

S.L. Dingman, W.F. Weeks, and Y.C. Yen (in

press), 1968. (Available from USA. CRREL, P.O. Box 282, Hanover, N.H. O3755),

"The Effects of Thermal Pollution on River Ice Conditions," S.L. Dingman, W.F. Weeks, and

Y.C. Yen, Water Resources Res. (in press) I968.

(Available from authors, USA CRREL).

USA CREEL Research Rept. "Heat Transfer Co- efficients for Calculation of Downstream

Cooling of a River Below a Thermal Pollution

Source," A. Ass\ir and S.L. Dingman (in preparation). (Available from USA CRREL).

(6388) ^ECHANICS OF ICE, RIVER ICE JAMS.

(b) Laboratory project and Corps of Engineers.

(c) Director, USA CRREL.

(d) Applied research; field investigations.

(e) Several rivers are being investigated for

frequency of ice jam formation. Measurements

are being made of ice thickness, snow depth

and water depth at main channel.

(h) Results of the studies conducted on the White

River, Hartford, Vermont area are reported in

a Technical Note (internal report) by Garner

and Frankenstein.

(052W) THERMAL CALCULATION TECHMIQUES.

(c) Project Engr., Richard Berg, Research Civil

Engr., USA CRREL. For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, 2.0808.

(O53W) PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CULVERT AND ROAD

ICING.

(c) K.L. Carey, Research Civil Engr., USA CRREL.

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, 2.O805.

(O-ykV) UTILITIES IN PERMAFROST AREAS.

(c) S.C. Reed, Research Civil Engr., USA CRREL. For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, 5.0665.

(055W) TECHNICAL SUPPORT, INVESTIGATIONS OF ARTIC

CONSTRUCTION.

(b) USA CRREL - laboratory project.

(c) C.W. Fxilwider, Research Civil Engr., USA CRREL.

For summary, see Water Resources Research

Catalog, Vol. 2, 8.026k.

ARMY INERTIAL GUIDANCE AND CONTROL LAB AND CENTER,

AMSMI - RG , Bldg. 3kOO, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama

35B09

(6l^89) APPLICATION OF THE HYDRAULIC ANALOGY TO

SUBSONIC FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Carl Warren, Aerospace Engr.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research;

masters thesis.

(e) An experimental study was conducted to determine

the quantitative accuracy of the hydraulic

analogy when applied to subsonic internal

flows such as exist in pure fluid elements. A

non-symmetrical flow divider was used as the

test model configuration.

(f) Completed.

(g) Under very accurately matched load conditions,

air model Mach Numbers corresponded to measured

water model Froude Numbers to within 3/^- (h) "Application of the Hydraulic Analogy to Internal Subsonic Flow," Carl H. Warren, U.S. Army Missile Command Rept. No. RG-TR-67-19,

88 pages, Redstone Arsenal, Ala., July 196?,

(available through DDC, Cameron Station,

Alexandria, Va. 22J,lk)

.

CORPS OF ENGINEERS, U.S. PJm, Coastal Engineering

Research Center , 5201 Little Falls Rd., N.W.

,

Washington, D.C. 20016.

Inquiries concerning the following projects should be

addressed to the Director, Coastal Enginerring

Research Center, unless otherwise noted under (c).

( 181) EQUILIBRIUM PROFILE OF BEACHES AND STUDY OF

MODEL SCALE EFFECTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Equilibrium beach profiles will be determined

experimentally for waves up to 6 feet in

height in a prototype tank; the waves will

be modeled at a 1 to 10 scale in small

laboratory tanks (to determine scale effects)

for various median diameter and specific

gravity sediments.

(g) Analysis continues of previous test results.

Further tests were made with very small-sized

(115 micron median diameter) glass spheres to simulate beach material under wave action, and

data gathered is being analyzed.

( 660) OBSERVED WAVE CHARACTERISTICS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) To secure a more thorough knowledge of the

characteristics of ocean waves. Wave gages

have been installed in a number of locations

in coastal waters. These wave gages provide

a pen and Ink strip chart recording and also

magnetic tape recordings. The records from

the paper chart records are analyzed for

significant wave height and wave period. The

records from the magnetic tape recorders are analyzed to provide a spectral analysis of wave frequency (or period) versus: (l) linear

average wave height; (2) squared average wave

height; and (3) peak wave height.

(g) A wave gage telemetering system was installed

for transmitting wave height and period data

from six wave stations on the east coat of

the USA to the Coastal Engineering Research

Center laboratory in Washington, D. C. These

stations are:

(,a) Atlantic City, N.J.; (b) Virginia Beach,

Va,; (c) Nags Head, N.C.; (d) Daytona Beach,

Fla.; (e) Lake Worth, Fla.; (f) Naples, Fla.

Data telemetered from the wave gage at Atlantic

City, N.J. is being recorded continuously on a

digital magnetic tape recorder. Data from this

recorder is compatible with automatic data

processing equipment so as to provide wider

analyses on the ocean wave climate. A manuscript for an ocean wave gage technical manual

has been prepared and should be published by

June 1968.

( 975) METHODS OF BY-PASSING SAND PAST INLETS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) G.M. Watts, Chief, Engrg. Development Div., CERC.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

181
(e) To study methods and req.mrements for pumping

sand past inlets and to determine the

applicability of the methods in stabilization

of beaches adjacent to inlets. Data are being procured on the effect to the shoreline

of sand by-passing operations at Port

Hueneme, California and Lake Worth Inlet, Fla.

and on the effect to the shoreline of a new harbor constructed at Ventura, California.

This latter harbor involves an offshore detached breakwater along with entrance jetties

to the new harbor. Data at the three locations

include periodic hydrographic surveys south

and north of the inlet, wave data, sand samples,

detailed records of pumping operations, and

detailed records of entrance channel main- tenance. A general study is being made of the

possibility of adapting commercial Instruments

utilizing a radioactive source to the discharge

line to measure quantity of material pumped

in by-passing operations.

(g) Surveys, observation and data compilation are in progress of a submerged weir and deposition

basin sand by-passing operation at Masonboro

Inlet, N.C.

(h) "stabilization of Masonboro Inlet," A.C. Rayner

and N.C. Magnuson, Shore and Beach, Vol. 3^, No. 2, pp. 36-^1, Oct. 1966.

( 976) ESTABLISHMENT OF CRITERIA FOR CONSTRUCTION OF

ARTIFICIAL BEACHES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) G.M. Watts; see (975) above.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) To develop criteria for construction of

beaches by artificial means. The present

continuing phase of this general study Involves

the measurement of a natural beach slope and

attempts to determine its response to the

forces normally Incident upon the shore such

as wave height and period, angle of wave

approach, tide, and direction and magnitude

of littoral current. By statistical methods

the relative importance of the forces or combinations of forces may be evaluated.

(g) Laboratory and experimental field studies were carried out to ascertain stability of oolitic

aragonite in comparison with natural beach sand

if used for beach fill material.

(h) "A Lognormal Size Distribution Model for

Estimating Stability of Beach Fill Material,"

W.C. Krumbeln and W.R. James, Tech. Memo. No.

16, CERC, 17 pp., Nov. 1965.

( 977) DEVELOPMENT OF WAVE HEIGHT AND WAVE DIRECTION

GAGES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; development.

(g) Laboratory tests in which an ultrasonic

velocity gage was both towed and tested under wave action were conducted at the Naval Ship

Research and Development Center and in the

large wave tank at CERC . Data from the tests

is awaiting analysis.

(2190) STUDY OF EFFECT OF A GROIN ON THE RATE OF

LITTORAL MOVEMENT.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) To study the effect of groins on the rate of

littoral drift passing a groin system.

Initial tests consist of waves generated at a 30-degree angle to the sand beach with

measurement of material movement being made

at the downdrift end. The tests planned for

the immediate future, as have the current season tests, will continue to emphasize

the task of collecting and establishing

reliable calibration data on the relationship

between the littoral transport rate and the wave characteristics. These generalized

(not to specific model scale) studies are being made in the Shore Processes Test Basin

of the Coastal Engineering Research Center.

(g) Littoral transport tests continue in the Shore

Processes Test Basin. Tests were completed at wave periods of 2.l8 and 1.25 seconds in

further laboratory study of littoral trans- port and attendant wave diffraction effects

.

Results show that observable wave diffraction

effects on the sand beach were generally less

in the shorter wave period tests than in the

1965 longer period test (T = 3-75 sec).

(h) "Correlation of Littoral Transport with Wave Energy Along Shores of New York and New Jersey,

John C. Fairchild, CERC Tech. Memo. No. I8, 33 pp. , Nov. 1966.

"Laboratory Memorandum of SPTB Littoral

Transport Tests - I961+-66", John C. Fairchild

(for limited distribution only).

(2192) REGIONAL STUDIES OF THE ATLANTIC COAST OF

HEW JERSEY; AND THE DELAWARE -MARYLAND

VIRGINIA SHORE LINE FROM CAPE HENLOPEN TO

CAPE CHARLES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) D.B. Duane, Chief, Geology Branch, CERC.

(d) Field investigations; basic research.

(e) To compile all existing data pertinent to

shore processes on a regional scale. Reports

to consist of three chapters: geomorphology

and shoreline histories, littoral forces,

and littoral materials. Subject matter to include physiography, geological development

of the shore region, sources of littoral

material, waves, tides or water level

fluctuations, current physical characteristics of the littoral materials, interrelation of sedimentary properties, relation

of properties of littoral materials to position in the littoral zone, and changes

in shoreline configuration,

(g) The Delaware-Maryland-Virginia shoreline is

currently under study. Data compilation for

this reach is completed and the preliminary

draft of a report has been prepared.

(2193) SHORE PROTECTION PLANKING AMD DESIGN.

(b) Laboratory pro Ject

.

(c) R.A. Jachowski, Chief, Design Branch, CERC.

(d) Design.

(e) To supplement and revise the Coastal Engrg.

Research Center's (formerly Beach Erosion

Board) Technical Rept. No. k, "Shore Protection

Planning and Design, " as new data and techniques are developed for use in the solution of

coastal engineering problems.

(g) The third edition of this comprehensive manual

is published and available from Supt. of

Documents, U.S.G.P.O., Washington, D.C. 20025,

for $3-00 per copy. A cross referenced index

for this manual has been prepared for inclusion

in possible reprint of present 3d edition.

The outline for complete new format for kth

edition of this manual has been tentatively

formulated

.

(h) "Shore Protection Planning and Design," Tech.

Report No. k of CERC, 3d Edition, 58O pp., June 1966.

182
(2195) RE-EXAMIMTION OF ARTIFICIALLY NOURISHED AND

CONSTRUCTED BEACHES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) G.M. Watts, Chief, Engrg. Development Div.,

CERC.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) To study the behavior of beach fills placed

to restore or nourish a beach sector and the

effect of the fill on adjacent shores. A

selected number of beach fills are being re- examined . (g) Follow-up reports prepared but not yet

published on beach fill projects at Presque

Isle Peninsula, Pa. and at Hainmonasset Beach

State Park, Conn. Other reports are in preparation for beach fill projects at Key West,

Fla. and south of Port Hueneme, Calif.

(h) "Behavior of Beach Fill and Borrow Area at Sherwood Island State Park, Westport, Conn.,"

W.H. Vesper, Tech. Memo. No. 20, CERC, 25 pp.. May 1967. "Factors Affecting Beach Nourishment Requirements, Presque Isle Peninsula, Erie, Pa.,"

D.W. Berg, Reprint 3-66, CERC, 25 pp., Feb.

1966.

(2660) STUDY OF QUANTITY OF SEDIMENT IN SUSPENSION

IN THE SURF ZONE (INCLUDING TEMPERATURE

EFFECTS)

.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) To determine the relationship between wave, water, and sand characteristics, and the amount

of material maintained in suspension and,

hence, available for longshore transport by

currents.

(g) Analysis of suspended sand samples collected. at Nags Head, N.C. in 196'+ has been completed

and a report is now in preparation. Analysis

of suspended sand samples collected at Ventnor,

N.J. in 1965 continues with preparation of a report. Suspended samples of a II5 micron M^.

glass beads sand simulant (average specific

gravity 2.5) have been made to determine the

applicability of the material to laboratory

and models studies of wave action in the coa- stal zone (also, see item l8l(g) Sand Simulant

Tests)

.

(h) "A Tractor-Mounted Suspended Sand Sampler,"

John C. FairChi Id, CERC Reprint No. k-66,

June 1966.

(2661) WAVE RUN-UP ON SHORE STRUCTURES.

(b) Laboratory projects.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) Wave run-up is determined experimentally for

various waves for different types of shore structures. Effect of both structure roughness

and permeability is being investigated.

(g) Analysis of field measiarements taken at Nags

Head, N.C. show that there is no one -for -one correlation between wave run-up and the

causative waves when a spectrum of waves is

present. Therefore statistical correlations

are being investigated.

(3228) MODEL TESTS OF WAVE SETUP ON BEACHES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Measurement of the mean water level of shoaling

waves on beaches using damped piezometers

buried in the beach. Study is being made in

order to (l) check existing theory for setup

offshore of breaking; (2) estimate rate of

energy supply required to maintain setup in

surf zone; and (3) provide engineering

criteria for design of coastal structures,

(g) Analysis of setup data showed that setup at the still water line ranged between 15 and

20^ of the breaker height, increasing with the

beach slope . The setdown at the breaker point

was close to the maximum setdown on the beach

and averaged from 1 to 8/0 of the breaker

height, also increasing with slope. Results

of this work were discussed in a talk given

at the ann"ual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in April.

(3897) RADIOACTIVE TRACERS FOR BEACH STUDIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) D.B. Duane, Chief, Geology Branch, CERC.

(d) Experimental; research.

(e) Basic objective of the Radioisotopic Sand

Tracer (RIST) Study at Point Conception,

California is to develop data and knowledge

concerning littoral material transport in

the vicinity of headlands or supposed barriers

to littoral drift utilizing radioactive sand

particles. The study will provide data,

information, and guidance on development of

techniques and necessary hardware for use in

studying the characteristics of littoral

material movement around headlands and will

develop additional information on many other

aspects of sediment transport.

(g) Basic tools and techniques have been developed

to meet several program objectives, i.e.,

tracing radioactive sand in the offshore zone and developing qualitative data on the mechanics

of transport. Xenon-133 was selected as initial isotope as it does not alter hydraulic

behavior of quartz sand and its use does not present a health hazard. A report (see (h)

below) discussing results of the large and

small tests made using fluorescent tracers,

reported on previously, was given by the

Hydraulics Research Station of England at

the Xth Coastal Engineering Conference in

1966.

(h) "Sand Transport due to Wave Action," Ranee and

Lean, Extended Abstracts , No. Ex-6, Tenth

Conf. Coastal Engrg., Tokyo, Japan, Sept.

(i^760)

(b)

(d)

(e)

1966.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DUNE BUILDING WITH SAND

FENCES

.

Laboratory project.

Experimental; design.

The experimental study consists of the con- struction of various types and arrangements

of sand fences to determine the fence type

and arrangement most effective in building a

dune by trapping and holding wind-blown sand.

Slat-type snow fencing and locally constructed

brush fencing have been used in. straight,

straight-with-side spurs, and zigzag configurations. The study is being conducted on the Outer Banks of North Carolina between Cape

Hatteras and Cape Lookout.

Beach grasses have been shown to be effective

sand trappers . Some fabric sand fences have

tested and fabric weaves have been found which

perform well as sand fences

.

(1+762) CORRELATION OF STORM WAVE ATTACK AND BEACH

EROSION.

(g)

(b)

(d)

(e)

Laboratory project.

Field and office investigation to develop

quantitative correlation between storm violence and shore erosion.

Repetitive profiles are taken at selected

183
beach areas. The storm wave action between

siirveys is analyzed and correlations between

the wave action and observed profile changes

are established. Repetitive profile lines were established in September 1962 at nine

locations between Delaware Bay and Cape Cod.

These profiles were re-surveyed at weekly and

bi-weekly intervals. The resurvey interval

now is it to 6 weeks. Storm wave action is

measured by the Coastal Engineering Research

Center ocean wave gages and storm surges by

U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey tide gages.

(g) Study is continuing with intensive field effort

schedxoled for January-March I968.

(h) An article entitled "The Study of Pilot Beaches

in the New England Area for the Improvement

of Coastal Storm Warnings," by John M. Darling

was published In the CERC Bulletin and Summary

Report of Research Projects for Fiscal Years

1965-66, Volume II, 1965-66.

(1+763) OFFSHORE SAND SOURCES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) D.B. Dmne, Chief, Geology Branch, CERC.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) For the purpose of delimiting and inventorying

sand deposits in Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf or Great Lakes sub-bottom which would be potentially suitable and economic for beach fill at

U.S. beaches, field surveys are carried out by

contract at selected sites which include geophysical profiles by sonic device to determine

stratification and cores to establish material

characteristics

.

(g) Field work has been completed and processing

of available data is underway for selected

areas off the New Jersey and Florida coasts

.

Field work is in progress for the New England

area from Long Island, N.Y. to coast of Maine,

and for an area of the Mid-Atlantic region

just off of Chesapeake Bay entrance. A sand

inventory report is nearing completion which

covers areas with potential to serve needs in

Dade, Broward and Palm Beach Counties, Flordia.

Actual field testing conducted off the New

Jersey coast with pump-out hopper dredge and

experimental hook-up device in the Atlantic

Ocean to onshore pipe- line has shown the pumpashore concept to be feasible even for ocean- front operational areas

.

(5325) FIELD MEASUREMENT OF LONGSHORE CURRENT

VELOCITY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Field investigation.

(e) Longshore current velocity was measured by

timing the travel of water filled balloons in

the surf on the beach near Nags Head, N.C.; breaker angles were measured with a Brunton

compass, by triangulation and by measuring

the speeds of the crest and plxmge point of

the breaking wave; beach slope was obtained

from profiles through the surf zone; and

wave heights and periods were measured from

wave gage records

.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Additional measurements made at Virginia Beach,

Va., Sept. 1966, and Nags Head, March I967, to study fluctuations in longshore current

velocity. For the five sets of data obtained,

longshore current velocity is roughly predicted by two of the several equations available to predict longshore current velocity.

(5326) RESONANT EDGE WAVES ON LABORATORY BEACHES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental.

(e) An unusual standing wave in the runup on laboratory beaches is under study. The com- binations of slope, period, breaker type,

standing wave length, and resonant amplification are being measured in order to describe the phenomenon and to understand its

effect on laboratory and natural beaches.

(g) A report has been prepared for publication.

(5328) CHARACTERISTICS OF A PLUNGING BREAKER,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and theoretical, basic research.

(e) The wave height, mean water depth, and distance

traveled in the breaking process are being

measured for waves which break by plunging

on a plane concrete beach in a wave tank 96

feet long and I.5 feet wide. Parallel wire

resistance wave gages measure the wave heights,

damped piezometers buried flush with the beach

surface measure the mean water level and

photographs record the distance traveled in

breaking. This study is undertaken to in- crease knowledge of the breaking process, to relate the energy flux of the incoming waves

to the resulting wave setup, and to provide

engineering criteria for the design of

coastal structures,

(g) The horizontal distance between the observed

breaking point and the point where the wave

crest touches down in the trough before it

breaks was meas\jred from movies of plunging

waves on 3 plane slopes and from visual

observation on a composite slope. Average

value of this distance ranges from about twice to more than four times the breaker height as slope decreases from 1 on 5 "to 1 on 20.

(5831*^) LONGSHORE CURRENT VELOCITY REVIEW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Review of experimental, theoretical, and field

investigations

.

(e) A search of the literature was made to collect

all available data on longshore currents and

all published relations for predicting longshore current velocity, for comparison

purposes

.

(g) Eight equations and 502 sets of data were obtained from the literature . All data were

used in all applicable equations and the

predicted and measured velocities compared.

Ho single equation predicted well for more than a limited part of the data.

(h) "Longshore Current Velocity: A Review of

Theory and Data," Cyril J. Galvin, Reviews of

Geophysics, Vol\ame 5, No. 3, pp. 287- 30U,

Aug. 1967.

(5836) FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A MODEL WAVE-POWERED

SAND DREDGE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental investigation.

(e) The model of a wave-powered sand dredge con- sisted of a float-supported vertical array of

check valves. The purpose of these tests was

to determine if this device could use the

wave energy present to bring sand through the

nearshore and surf zones in sufficient

quantities to be useful in beach replenishment

operations . The tests were conducted on a 1:15 scale in a 65 foot long tank using waves having prototype periods of 5j 9, and I3

seconds. The dredge was floated in the flume

(with the valve array parallel to the impinging
wave crests) over an equilibrium profile having

an average 1 on 10 slope, with the tiottom

material composed of crushed anthracite having

an average specific gravity of 1.52 and a median diameter of 0.2 mm. The dredge was placed at various locations along the length

of the profile and its valve array was set

so that either 1, 2, 3> or h valves operated,

with the deepest valve being close to the

bottom surface. Tests were made in which the

dredge remained in a single location for the

duration of a run, lasting about 13 minutes,

as well as where the dredge was moved, by

means of a winch and cable system, some dis- tance along the length of the flume at a rate

of 0.2 feet per 5 minutes of wave action. A

total of 27 runs were completed.

(f) Completed.

(g) The results of the test series indicate that

the device is not suitable for use as a dredge

in its present form and actually increased the

erosion rate by flushing far greater volumes

of coal downslope on the seaward side of the

dredge than were flushed through the valve

array on the upslope side of the dredge

.

(h) "A Feasibility Study of a Wave-Powered Device

for Moving Sand," Frederick F. Monroe, Miscellaneous Paper Wo. 3-6?, J-jne 1967, U.S. Army

Coastal Engrg. Research Center, Washington,

D.C.

(5837) WEW BERN STONE STABILITY TESTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A rubble breakwater with an armor layer of

clayey limestone on a 1 on I-I/2 slope is

being tested for stability with non-breaking

waves. Stone weights for the armor layer vary

from 230 to '+30 pounds and tests are being

made with wave periods of 3-75, 5-60, and 7.87

seconds. Wave heights -used vary from 2 to

4-. 5 feet. The tests are being conducted in a wave tank 635 feet long, 20 feet deep, and

15 feet wide

.

(g) Wave tank tests on the stability of a clayey

limestone ( shell- stone) showed that the

stability of the stone is at least as good as that predicted by Hudson's equation. However,

weighings before and after the tests indicated that the stones lost weight during the

tests. Therefore, field tests are being

conducted on a breakwater off Morehead City, W.C. to check on weight losses of this stone under prototype conditions

.

(6486) LABORATORY TESTS OF RIPRAP STABILITY UNDER WAVE ACTION.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Div. , Missouri River; also

CERC laboratory project.

(c) Thorndike Saville, Jr., Chief, Research Div.,

Coastal Engrg. Research Center.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Tests are carried out with various sizes and

gradations of riprap to study the stability

under instant wave action and various slopes

of embankment. Tests are being made in three

sizes of tanks; with waves varying from 0.2

to 6 feet in height, to show whether or not a scale effect exists. Slopes tested range

from 1 on 2 to 1 on 8. Several of the tests

have used actual rock from the Missouri River

basin, to properly simulate roughness and

interlocking characteristics of rock actually

used on some of the large U.S. dams in the

Missour River basin. An overlay of tribars

has also been tested at the several scales,

(g) Most of the laboratory tests have been com- pleted, and calibration of the waves is underway.

U.S. ARMY EKGIMEER DIVISIOM, NORTH PACIFIC, Division

Hydraulic Laboratory^ Bonneville , Oregon 97008

(6878) HOWARD HANSON DAM, GREEK RIVER, WASH., MODEL

STUDY OF TUNNEL.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist, Seattle.

(c) Director, Division Hydraulic Lab., U.S. Army

Engr. Div., North Pacific, Corps of Engrs.

(e) Howard Hanson Dam is a flood-control project

located on the Green River approximately 30 miles southeast of Seattle, Wash. It will

consist of an earth-filled dam approximately

220 ft high, an uncontrolled spillway, and an

outlet tunnel. Ordinary regulation of stream- flow will be accomplished by releases through

two 10- by 12-ft tainter valves to be installed in an intake structure at the upstream end

of a 22- by 22-ft horseshoe- shaped tunnel

which will also be used for diversion during

construction of the dam. The tunnel is

designed to pass 10,000 cfs under a head of

165 ft. The piirpose of the study is to determine flow

characteristics within the intake structiure,

transition, horseshoe tunnel, and stilling

basin, and to develop design revisions indicated by the tests to be necessary or desirable. In I967 the studies \ ere expanded

to include: (a) measurements of hydraulic

downpull on the emergency closure gates; and

(b) satisfactory clearances for installation

of rubber side seals on the tainter valves.

A l:25-scale model simulated the intake

structure, emergency closure and operating

gates, transition section, horseshoe tunnel,

stilling basin, and outlet channel. The

intake structure gates, transition, and tun- nel were molded of transparent plastic,

whereas the stilling basin and outlet channel

were constructed of waterproofed plywood.

The intake structure was connected to a 7-ftdiam. steel pipe that simulated the pool up- stream from the dam. A l:l-scale model, in

which 3-ft lengths of typical rubber side

seals proposed for use on the operating valves

at Howard Hanson Dam could be subjected to performance tests, was constructed of reinforced steel and operated under water pressures equal to heads of from 100 to 200 ft. Viewing windows in the test equipment permitted observation of the seal section,

especially the end cross section, under test conditions

.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Outlet Works and Stilling Basin for Howard

Hanson Dam, Green River, Washington," Div.

Hydr. Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 88-1, Sept. 1^66.

(6879) BONNEVILLE LOCK AND DAM, COLUMBIA RIVER MODEL

STUDY OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Portland.

(c) See (6878) above.

(e) The purpose of the investigation to study

methods of improving navigation conditions in

the approaches to Bonneville navigation lock. A l:130-scale, fixed-bed model reproduced

185
5.6 miles of the Columbia River at Bonneville

Jtam, existing structures of the project, and

present features of the riverbed (survey made

in summer and fall of 1958). Provision was made for accurate measurement of discharge,

water-surface elevations, and velocities. A

remote-controlled model of an ore ship or other typical seagoing vessel that would be

likely to navigate the river upstream to The

Dalles, Oreg., was used to assist in evaluating various improvement plans.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Navigation Channel Improvement at Bonneville

Dam, Colxjmbia River, Oregon and Washington,"

Div. Hydr. Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 100-1, May

1966.

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, LOS AMGELES, District

Hydraulics Laboratory, Los Angeles, Calif.

(6880) LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIF., FLOOD CONTROL

PROJECT, MODEL STUDY OF SAN GABRIEL RIVER

IMPROVEMENT.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Los Angeles.

(c) Director, District Hydraulics Lab., U.S. Army

Engr. Dist., Los Angeles, Corps of Engrs.

(e) The reach of San Gabriel River improvement

between Whlttier Narrows Dam and Firestone

Blvd., a distance of 3^,^50 ft, consists of a trapezoidal channel having an earth invert and

l-on-2 stone revetted side slopes. The

channel base width ranges from 2k0 to 3OO ft.

Seven concrete drop structures ranging in

height between 6 and 10 ft are placed at intervals, thus reducing the channel gradient

and velocity of flow to prevent degradation

of the streambed. The drop structures consist

of a rectangular weir over which the flow

passes onto a concrete stilling basin. The

design discharge for this reach of channel

varies from 13,500 to 19,000 cfs.

The purpose of the study is to verify the design and criteria used for those drop struc- tures in the Upper San Gabriel River under

hydrologic and topographic conditions applicable to this reach of channel. Previous

study was reported as "Model Study of Upper

San Gabriel River Improvement." Two models

were used in the study: one a sectional model

constructed in a glass-sided flume to an

undistorted scale ratio of l:l6, consisting

of a single drop structure; and the other a

general model constructed to an undistorted

scale ratio of 1:42. About 3000 ft of San

Gabriel channel, which included two of the

proposed drop structures, was reproduced. The

trapezoidal cross section in this reach of

channel has a base width of 300 ft and depth

and velocity of flow of about 8 ft and 6 fps,

respectively, for a discharge of ll4-,000 cfs.

The drop structures were constructed of plywood and the river channel was molded of sand.

Gravel was used to simulate the stone-revetted

side slopes.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Drop Struct-ure for San Gabriel River Improvement," Rept. No. 1-108, May 1966.

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, ST. PAUL, CORPS OF

ENGINEERS , 1217 U.S. Post Office and Customhoiise

,

St. Paul, mnn. 55101

( 19k) A STUDY OF METHODS USED IN MEASUREMENT AND

ANALYSES OF SEDIMENT LOADS IN STREAMS. (See

St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory,

page 112).

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION , CORPS OF ENGINEERS, P.O. Box 63I, Vicksburg, Miss.

39I8I.

Inquiries concerning the following projects should

be addressed to the Director, U.S. Army Engineer

Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers.

( 236) MISSISSIPPI BASIN MODEL.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) The project provides for construction and

operation of a model of the Mississippi River

watershed including the Missouri, Ohio, White,

Arkansas, and Red Rivers and their principal

tributaries. All existing and proposed floodcontrol reservoirs as well as levees, dikes,

floodwalls, and other pertinent works are reproduced.

The model area comprises 200 acres, and mea- sures (4-500 ft east and west, and 39OO ft north and south. Completed construction con- sists of the Upper Mississippi River from

Hannibal, Mo., to Baton Rouge, La.; the

Missouri River from Sio>Jx City, Iowa to the

mouth; the Arkansas River from Blackburn Dam

site, Okla., to the mouth; the Ohio River

from Louisville, Ky., to the mouth; the

Cumberland River from Old Hickory Dam, Tenn.,

to the mouth; the Tennessee River from Pickwick Dam to the mouth; and the Atchafalaya

River to the Gulf of Mexico. The topography

of the streams and floodplains is being re- produced to a horizontal scale of 1:2000 and

vertical scale of 1:100. Water-surface

elevations are meas\ared by electrically

operated stage devices with the recorders

located in central control buildings. Streamflow is introduced and controlled by automatic

instruments called inflow controllers

.

The purpose is to study the coordination of

releases from reservoirs, investigate the

effect of reservoir operation on flood stages,

check the routing of project and other floods,

establish and check levee grades, predict

stages, and determine the effect of floodways

on stage reduction. The extent of model

operation each year is determined by the test- ing programs directed by the Mississippi Basin

Model Board and Chief of Engineers and requested by Divisions and Districts that have

operable sections on the model. The model

was operated as an integrated unit for com- prehensive (basinwide) tests. Tests were conducted of the three hypothetical floods

M 52-A, M 56, and M 58-AOR--frcim Memphis

to the lower end of the model using inflows

modified by those reservoirs (EN) sched-uled

for completion in the near future (approximately 1970), and with ultimate reservoirs

(end) operated under both the approved

regulation procedures and to full capacity to store flows that affect crest stages on the

Lower Mississippi River. Tests were also

186
conducted of the four historical floods

1937, 19't-3, 19^5, and 1950--froiii Memphis to the lower end of the model using Inflows as they occurred and with inflows modified by EN

and END reservoirs operated under approved

regulation procedures. In addition, tests of

the 19^+3 flood were conducted on the model below Memphis using inflows modified by EN and

END reservoirs operated to full capacity to store flows that affect crest stages on the

Lower Mississippi River. Tests were conducted

also for several U.S. Army Engineer Districts.

( lt25) COMPREHENSIVE MODEL STUDY, DEIAWARE RIVER,

PEMSYLVAHIA.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Philadelphia.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) The project provides for a navigation channel

about 96 miles long from Trenton, N.J., to Delaware Bay. As modified in 195^, the project provides a kO-ft depth generally 8OO ft

wide along the west side of the channel from

the bay to the upper end of Philadelphia, a

Li-O-ft-deep by i|00-ft-wlde channel between

Philadelphia and the upper end of Newbold

Island, thence a 35-ft-deep by 300-ft-wlde

channel to Trenton. Included in the project

are provisions for constructing dikes and

training walls for regulation of tidal flows,

and dredging to provide turning basins and

adequate anchorage at several points . The

purpose is to develop and test plans for re- duction of shoaling in several ranges of the

navigation channel; and to determine the

probable effect on the hydraulic and salinity

regimen in the estuary that would result from

modifications of channel depth and alignment

and flow regulation.

The model is of the fixed-bed, silt-injection

type with linear-scale ratios of 1:1000

horizontally and 1:100 vertically, and reproduces the entire tidal portion of Delaware

River and Bay from the Capes to Trenton, including tidal portions of major tributaries.

Tides and tidal currents are reproduced by

automatic tide control mechanisms, and freshwater discharges of the Delaware River and

significant tributaries are Introduced by

means of Van Leer weirs. Observed prototype

salinities are reproduced in the Delaware Bay

portion of the model, and provisions have been

made for the injection of silt into the model,

and for measuring silt deposits on the bed of

the model. Studies of the dispersion of various contaminants are made by releasing permanent dyes and tracing their movement and

concentrations with time after release and

distance from the release points,

(g) The model was revised to include a widened navigation channel deepened to -50 ft mlw between

Philadelphia and the sea, dikes around all

available spoil disposal areas, and enlarged

and deepened anchorage areas. Tests to determine the effects of widening and deeping

the navigation channel on tides, currents, and

salinities throughout the estuary and on channel shoaling were completed. The model

was restored to existing conditions, and tests were undertaken to determine the effects of an extensive dike scheme extending between

Artificial Island and Philadelphia on tides,

currents, salinities, and shoaling. A study

of currents at the mouth of the Chesapeake

and Delaware Canal was made in an attempt to relocate the canal entrance range to benefit

187

navigation. Results of completed tests were analyzed, but no Important conclusions were reached concerning the deepened channel

and the spoil disposal areas. None of the

entrance range alignments tested at the

mouth of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal

would benefit navigation.

( 993) CAVITATION RESEARCH.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) This is a general study, by means of model

tests, of the cavitation characteristics of

various elements of hydraulic structures, and

of the resistance of construction materials

to cavitation damage. Further, the investigation includes a review of literature to evaluate the many variables that affect

cavitation resiilts

.

The purpose is (a) To study cavitation

characteristics of such elements as baffle

piers, steps in stilling basins, spillway and

conduit gate slots, and offset joints. This

program will include tests to determine the

conditions for dynamic similarity of the

cavitation phenomenon, (b) To determine the

resistance to cavitation damage of construc- tion materials with particular emphasis on materials suitable for patching concrete. The cavitation characteristics of the various

elements are investigated in a variable pressxire water tunnnel with a 12-by 12-in. test

section. Velocities in the test section can

be varied from 8 to 35 fps. Resistance-todamage tests are conducted in apparatus in

which cavitation is induced in velocities of

90 fps by an alignment change

.

( 9914-) EFFECTS OF MODEL DISTORTION ON HYDRAULIC

ELEMENTS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of Army.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) This is a general study of similitude relations in distorted models.

The purpose is to determine the hydraulic

effects of various types and degrees of model

scale distortion on velocity distribution and

other hydraulic conditions, with the ultimate

aim of establishing limits of permissible

distortion for the various types of models.

Tests have been conducted in a 5-ft-wide

masonry flume having a 90-degree bend of 10-

ft radius, with a straight approach channel

20 ft long and exit channel 60 ft long, in

which can be reproduced a hypothetical stream

to a horizontal scale of 1:200 and variable

vertical scales to produce distortions up to

1:10. The flume was provided with three

ventiicl meters of different sizes for the

control of discharge and a tailgate for the

control of tallwater elevation.

(f) Suspended. Work is expected to be resumed in

1968.

( 93)8) WAVE FORCE ON BREAKWATERS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army,

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied.

(e) This is a general Investigation to (a) study

existing literature and adapt or acquire

testing equipment; (b) verify experimentally

the clapotis pressure theory; (c) determine

maximum shock-type pressures caused by breaking waves, and delineate the critical conditions necessary to create the extremely high

shock pressures; and (d) determine the
magnitude of pressures due to partially breaking waves. The purpose is to conduct theoretical and

experimental investigations of wave pressures

and impact forces on vertical-wall and

composite breakwaters from which the magnitude,

duration, and location of forces on these

structures, caused by breaking waves, can be

determined with sufficient accuracy to ensure

the design of safe and economical structures. A 3- by 3- by 6-ft steel tank was used for the

experiments on shock pressures caused by the

impact of an accelerated plate with a water

body. Plastic, aluminum, and steel plates of

different masses were dropped into water in

the tank and the shock pressures developed

were measured and recorded electrically. A

2- by 5'5- by l40-ft concrete wave flume will

also be used for conducting experiments on shock pressures and total impact forces caused

by waves breaking against vertical-wall breakwaters . (g) A report on wave pressures on seawalls and

breakwaters was prepared. The report included

(a) methods for selection of design waves reflected by waves breaking against a structxore, (b) method for selection of wave reflection coefficient of a structure (c)

equations developed to the second order of

approximation, for calculating wave pressures

on seawalls and breakwaters caused by waves totally or partially relfected by a structure,

(d) discussion of formulas for calculating

shock pressures caused by waves breaking

against seawalls and breakwaters, and (e)

presentation of analytical aspects of a shock

pressure formula developed at WES. A draft

of a report on shock pressures resulting from

the impact between solids and liquids was prepared. This report included a critical

review of different approaches suggested for

evaluating shock pressures, results of basic

experiments on shock pressure conducted at WES

indicating validity of WES formula, and

recommendations for future research.

( 999) STABILITY OF RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A general study of rubble-mound breakwaters

to determine weight, specific weight, and

shape of armor imits required for stability

under wave attack. The purpose of the study is to develop design procedures and formulas,

supported by experimental data, from which the

design of safe and economical rubble-mound

breakwaters can be determined. In addition

to quarrystone, the investigation includes

tests of tetrapods, tetrahedrons, tribars,

quadripods, modified cubes, and other specially

molded armor units. Tests are being conducted

in a 5- l^y 119 -ft wave flume. Preparation

of the first draft of a final report describing

the results of tests conducted on breakwater

trunks constructed of quarrystones , tetrapods,

tetrahedrons, quadripods, modified cubes,

hexapods, and tribars using nonbreaking waves

in deep water was completed. This report also

described the results of tests on breakwater

heads constructed of qmrrystones , tribars,

and quadripods using nonbreaking waves in deep

-water. The results of these stability tests

are represented with good accuracy by the

formula

:

3 W = . ^ (S - 1)^ cot a

A r The value of the experimental coefficient

is dependent primarily upon the shape of the armor unit, number of layers of armor units,

and the method of placement of armor units. For similar conditions, breakwater heads are

less stable than breakwater trunks. Flxane tests to determine the limiting breaking and

nonbreaking waves on rubble-mound breakwaters

were completed. Tests were conducted on breakwaters constructed of two layers of ran- dom placed quarrystones and tribars . Side

slopes tested were l:l-l/2 and 1:3- The

bottom slopes were 1:10, 1:50, and flat.

Water depths at the toes of the test sections

ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 ft, and the relative

depths used were increased in increments of

0.05 ft from 0.05 to 0.5 ft. The wave steepnesses (h/l) of breaking and nonbreaking

waves were plotted against relative depths

(d/L). The plotted data showed the influence

of relative depth, breakwater slope, bottom

slope, and shape of armor unit on the vave steepnesses of both breaking and nonbreaking

waves. Analysis of test data showed that wave steepness was influenced more by relative

depth and bottom slope than by the slope of

the breakwater face and the porosity ( shape of armor unit and manner of placement) of the armor layer.

(1002) EFFECTS OF SCALE AND OPERATING TECHNIQUES ON

HARBOR WAVE ACTION AND BREAKWATER MODELS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A general study is being conducted to determine effects of various model scales and

distortion on wave characteristics in harbor

and breakwater stability models. The effects

on test results of various model-testing

techniques are also being investigated.

The purpose is to obtain information which

will allow more accurate determination of

optimijm scales for wave models, and the effects of different scales and operating

techniques on the accuracy of model results,

(g) Screen filter tests were conducted in a

1- by 1.5- by 85-ft steel wave flume in which

waves are generated by a hinged-plate type wave generator and are measured and recorded

electrically. Further tests to determine the

design criteria for wave filters to be used

in harbor models and wave flumes to prevent

unwanted reflection from model boundaries and

wave-making apparatus were conducted. The

final draft of a report, "Wave Damping Effects

of Screens," describing the use and effectiveness of wire screens as wave filters was

completed, and was being prepared for publication. Preparation of the first draft of

another report dealing with wave filters,

"The Damping Effects of Permeable Materials,"

was in progress.

(10014.) INSTRUMENTATION.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Experimental; development.

(e) To develop various types of measurement and

control equipment for use in hydraulic models

and in the field.

(g) Development of a hawser stress transducer, a

188
spherical-head turbulence meter, and a water- level indicator for tests of prototype locks was continued. A study to determine the

feasibility of using low-range pressure trans- ducers to measure water- surface elevations was continued

.

(l^^67) DEVELOPMENT OF HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Analytical; for design.

(e) The purpose is to analyze hydraulic data,

theories, and procedures, to develop design

criteria therefrom, and to disseminate this

information in the fonn of Hydraulic Design

Criteria to insure adequate capacity, economy

of design and construction, and safe and satisfactory operation of the large hydraulic struc- tures being designed, built, and operated by

the Corps of Engineers

.

(g) A study of resistance coefficients for unlined

tunnels resulted in a design chart relating

design diameter D , timnel overbreak K , and

the Darcy resistance factor f . A study of

the hydraulic Jump resulted in several design

charts relating the characteristics of the

Jump, including the undular Jump occurring

with Froude numbers less than 1.7- The study

showed that application of the solitary wave theory to undular jumps results in a first wave height appreciably greater than that obtained

with the classical jump-height equation.

(1986) INVESTIGATION OF SALINITY INTRUSION AND RELATED

PHENOMENA.

(b) Committee on Tidal Hydraulics, Corps of Engrs.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The project consists of the following three

broad phases: (a) analysis of prototype data

to define the range of conditions for which

investigations appear desirable; (b) flume

tests to study the effects of the various

factors involved; and (c) analytical studies

aimed at establishment of fundamental laws

describing the phenomena involved, and preparation of the data for use in application to specific prototype problems. Dr. Donald

Harleman, consultant, has been engaged to assist in phase (c) above. The purpose of the

study is to determine the effects of physical

and hydraulic features of estuaries such as tidal prism, tidal range, fresh-water discharge,

channel depth, channel width, etc., on the

extent of salinity intrusion, the nature of

salinity intrusion, the magnitudes and durations of current velocities, and other factors

considered essential to proper solution of

estaurine problems encountered by the Corps of

Engineers

.

The flume studies under phase (b) above are being carried out in a transparent flume 327

ft long, 1.5 ft deep, and 0.75 ft wide. One

end of the flume is connected to a tidal basin

25 ft square and 5 ft deep, which is equipped

with a tide generator capable of producing

tides of any desired range, period, or other

characteristic. The opposite end of the flume

is connected to a circular headbay equipped

with weirs for measuring and introducing

fresh-water inflows. Salt water to fill the

tidal basin and flume is supplied from an adjacent underground sump equipped with the

necessary appurtenances to mix salt and

fresh water and control the salinity of the

mixture. The tidal basin is equipped with

skimming weirs to maintain a constant basin

salinity during tests. Current velocities are measured in the flime by timing the travel of

Indicators over measured ranges, and salinity

measurements are made either by withdrawing

samples for chemical titration or by means of

a recording salinity meter which operates on the electrical conductivity principle.

(g) A tentative detailed program for study of the

movement and deposition of sediments, based on

a general program prepared by Dr. Harleman, was prepared. The flume was modified as necessary

to permit tests to define the effects of fresh

water entering a saltwater canal connecting

two tidal seas. This work was being conducted

for the Nuclear Cratering Group, with tests being initiated late in 1967-

(h) "Two-Dimensional Aspects of Salinity Intrusion

in Estuaries: Analysis of Salinity and

Velocity Distributions," Tech. Bull. No. 13,

June 1967.

(1987) RIPRAP PROTECTION AT HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The erosion characteristics of various sizes

of riprap and gravel material are being

studied with a view to securing adequate

protection at minimum cost. Measurements of

velocity and turbulence at which movement of

material begins are being made.

The purpose is to develop design criteria for

riprap at hydraulic structures.

(1988) WATER TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON BED FORMS AND

ROUGHNESS

.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) It has long been known that water temperature

variations caused marked variations in the

nature and rate of bed movement, which are

of major significance in movable-bed model

studies. The onset of cold weather produces

excessive riffling of bed surfaces, resulting in sharp increases in roughness values

and changes in volumes of material transported. The investigation of this phenomenon

is being conducted in existing laboratory

flumes, in which water temperatures can be

varied to simulate normally experienced

summer and winter temperatures.

The purpose is to determine the effects of

water temperature on streambed forms and

bed roughness of various types of bed material,

(g) Testing with fine sand bed material completed;

testing with a coarse sand is in progress.

(2681) SCALE-EFFECT TESTS OF RUBBLE BREAKWATERS.

(b) Cooperative with Coastal Engrg. Research Ctr.; for Office, Chief of Engrs.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The purpose is to investigate the effects of

model scale on the results of experimentally

determined criteria for design of rubble-mound

breakwaters

.

(g) Stability tests were made of a breakwater slope

of 1 on I-I/2 using wave periods of 2.6l, 3-75> 7.87, and 11.33 sec. Tests in the CERC wave

flume (15 by 20 by 635 ft) were conducted using

a linear scale of 7-5 to 1 based on the tests conducted in the WES 5- ^- ll?-ft wave

flume. Additional stability tests were con- ducted in the WES 5- by k- by 119-ft wave

flume using linear scales of 0.5 to 1, and 1 to 1, and following the same testing procedure

used in the tests conducted in the CERC wave

189
flume. Therefore, data on the stability of

rubble -mound breakwaters were available for

three different linear scales, 0.5 to 1, 1 to 1, and 7.5 to 1. Test data from the CERC wave flume were correlated with data from the

WES flume.

(h) Preparation of final report in progress.

(2678) McAIPINE LOCKS AND DAM, OHIO RIVER, MODEL

STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Louisville.

(e) The purpose of the study is to (a) determine

the effect of composition and location of dam

on water-surface elevations and currents within the upper pool; (b) study the effect of

location, size, and alignment of a new approach canal on navigation and surges in the

lock approach; (c) investigate navigation

conditions in the lower approach as affected

by flow through dam, powerhouse, and lockemptying systems; (d) determine the effect

of each design on lock filling and emptying

and on operation of the powerhouse; and (e)

develop such design modifications as might be

necessary to eliminate conditions unfavorable

to navigation. A l:120-scale, fixed-bed model

was used for the investigation. The model re- produced the reach of the Ohio River from about

mile 602 to about mile 608 below Pittsburgh,

Pa., Including adjacent overbank areas to an

elevation of approximately 44-5 ft msl, the locks

and dam structures, and all bridges and other

structures that might affect flow conditions.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Navigation Conditions at McAlpine Locks and

Dam, Ohio River; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Kept. TR 2-71+9, Nov. I966.

(32^+3) LOCKS AND DAM NO. k (RECONSTRUCTED), MONONGAHELA RIVER, MODEL STUDY OF NAVIGATION

CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Pittsburgh.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine the

effect of the proposed reconstructed dam on flow conditions in the lock approaches with

the existing and ultimate locks and for the

development of modifications which might be

required to provide satisfactory navigation

conditions. A l:120-scale, fixed-bed, com- prehensive model reproduced about 2.5 miles

of the Monongahela River and the locks and

dam structures.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Navigation Conditions at Locks and Dam No. k,

Monongahela River, Pennsylvania; Hydraulic

Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-736, Aug.

1966

.

(3590) EAST PASSAGE, NARRAGANSETT BAY, R.I., MODEL

STUDY OF EFFECTS OF HURRICANE BARRIER ON

NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army, Corps of Engrs., New England Div.

(e) A barrier across East Passage, Narragansett

Bay, has been proposed to limit the quantity

of water entering the bay from hurricane

surges

.

The purpose of the study is to examine ship

navigation conditions with respect to barrier

location and its navigation opening under

current, wave, and wind conditions created

by astronomical tides and hurricane surges.

Also, to investigate the discharge characteristics of the navigation opening.

A l:150-scale model of East Passage was used

in the study of navigation conditions.

Currents, wave, and wind effects were simulated. A self-propelled, radio-controlled,

model aircraft carrier, constructed dynamically similar to its prototype, was used in

the tests. In the study of the discharge

characteristics of the navigation opening, two

section models, reproducing the barrier to scales of 1:50 and 1:150, were used to determine the effects of approach depth, roughness

of the barrier, model scale, and weir design

on the discharge characteristics. In addition,

the l:150-scale, three-dimensional model was used to determine the discharge characteristics of two weir plans.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Effects of Hurricane Barrier on Navigation

Conditions in East Passage, Narraganset Bay,

Rhode Island; Hydraulic Model Investigation,"

Rept. TR 2-75't, Jan. 1967.

(3903) HILO HARBOR, HAWAII, MODEL STUDY OF TSUNAMIS

AND NAVIGATION IMPROVEMENTS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Honolulu.

(e) Hilo Harbor is on the northeast coast of the

Island of Hawaii, about 1?5 nautical miles

Southeast of Honolulu. The project provides

for an entrance 35 ft deep; a harbor basin

11+00 ft wide, 2300 ft long, and 35 ft deep;

combined breakwaters and seawalls on the east and west sides of the harbor, 10,570 and

I4-OOO ft long, respectively; and a land dike

6600 ft long, to provide protection against

tsunamis and high seas. Primary purposes of the study were to determine the technical feasibility of proposed

tsunami control works for Hilo and to establish the relative degrees of protection

afforded by different barrier plans.

The model was about 62 ft wide and <-/2 ft long

with vertical scale of 1:200 and horizontal

scale of 1:600, and was contoured from 200 ft

above to 3OO ft below mean lower low water. This model area of 2286 sq ft was comprised of

12- by 12-ft sections with jacked supports to compensate for differential settlement of the

fomdation, and also included a l809-sq-ft

concrete slab in the wave generator pit. The wave generator was comprised of eight pneumatic

chambers, each being 6 by 8 by 10 ft. A

programmer operated the generator to simulate

tsunami waves.

(f) Completed.

(g) The tests showed that tsunami barriers in Hilo

Harbor are technically feasible and that

effective protection of the harbor and city can

be achieved only with barriers that are continuous, except for a necessary navigation

opening; no practical means were found to control tsunamis by a series of short reflectors of wave energy traps

.

(h) "Study of Proposed Barrier Plans for the Pro- tection of the City of Hilo and Hilo Harbor,

Hawaii," TR 1, 1967.

(3906) GARRISON AND OAHE DAMS, MISSOUR RIVER, N. DAK. AND S. DAK., PO\ffiR -PLANT TRANSIENTS TESTS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Omaha.

(d) Field studies; applied research.

(e) The purpose is to evaluate results of a com- prehensive digital computer study made by the

Missouri River Division, Omaha District, and

^fe,ssachusetts Institute of Technology and to

190
determine extent operation corresponds to

design, in order to develop a solution of the

entire problem of power-plant transients, with

primary emphasis on governing stability.

Hydraulic prototype measurements of power-plant

transients for different plant loadings, and

instantaneous pressure values at a number of

locations in the power tunnel, the surge tank

system, turbine scroll case, and draft tube

were obtained simultaneously with instantaneous values of tunnel flow velocity, reservoir

and tailwater elevations, turbine speed and

gate opening, power output, and other elements

(incl\jding governor system). Pressiire and

water-level measurements were made with electrical pressure transducers, velocities were measured with pressure transducers mounted in

probes projecting into the flow and connected

to pitot- static tubes on cross struts in the

penstock, and mechanical and electrical values were obtained with appropriate transducers

.

Measurements were recorded on about 90 channels

of oscillograph and magnetic tape recorders,

and digitized for use in the digital computer

analyses by the Omaha District and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

(f) Testing completed. Final report on test operations in progress.

(3907) SHOALING PROCESSES.

(b^ Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) The annual cost to the Federal Government of

maintaining navigable channels in tidal waterways is estimated to be of the order of

$60,000,000. The Committee on Tidal Hydraulics

has concluded that a thorough study of shoaling

processes in tidal waterways would lead to improvements in channel design, dredging, and

spoiling practices, and other maintenance

techniques which would reduce this large

expenditure. The Committee concludes that the

following program of research is essential in

arriving at the objective of reducing maintenance cost: (a) flume studies to determine

the basic laws involved in the movement and

deposition of muddy sediments; (b) flume

studies to determine effects of repetitive

scour and deposition on sedimentation; (c) the

development of techniques for using radioactive

tracers for observing the movement and deposition of sediments in nature; (d) the development of a simple and accurate instrument for

in-place measurement of turbidity; (e) a study

of the physical, chemical, and hydraulic

factors involved in the stabilization of deposits in navigable channels; (f) determination of the effects of flocculation on shoaling; (g) prototype studies aimed at corre- lation of sedimentation phenomena in tidal

waterways with physical, chemical, hydraulic,

salinity, and other significant factors; and

(h) classification of the sediments which

consitute all major repetitive shoals in tidal

waterways

.

(g) Item (a) above has been completed under terms

of a contract between the University of California and the San Francisco District, and all

pertinent reports have been published; item

(c) has been completed under terms of a con- tract between the University of California

and WES; under item (f) plans were developed

for a field study of flocculation phenomena in

Savannah Harbor, agreements were reached as

to participation by the several CE offices

involved, and instrumentation required for the

study was constructed and/or obtained on loan,

(h) "A Study of Rheological Properties of Estuarine

Sediments," Tech. Bull. No. 7, Committe on Tidal Hydraulics.

(3908) ARKANSAS RIVER KAVIGATIOW MODEL.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Little Rock.

(e) The purpose is to study flow conditions in the

lower Arkansas and White Rivers to determine:

(a) the effects on navigation and flood flows

of the Arkansas-White, Sawmill Bend, and

Avenue Landing Cutoffs both individi;ally and

collectively; (b) the most favorable location

of the Arkansas River entrance to the navigation canal and of Dam 2; (c) the remedial

works which might be needed to eliminate un- desirable navigation conditions at the Arkansas

River entrance to the canal; (d) the adequacy

of the proposed flood-control plan; and (e)

the need for special studies.

Tests were conducted on a fixed-bed model re- producing to scales of 1:600 horizontally and

1:100 vertically about 33 miles of the

Mississippi River near the mouths of the White

and Arkansas Rivers, 57 miles of the lower

Arkansas River, 12 miles of the lower White

River, and the major portion of the WhiteArkansas River backwater area.

(f) Completed.

(g) Described in (h).

(h) "Arkansas River Navigation Entrance; Hydraulic

Model Investigation," TR 2-795, Sept. I967.

(3909) HANinBAL (FORMERLY OPOSSUM CREEK) LOCKS AMD DAM,

OHIO RIVER - GENERAL MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Pittsburgh.

(e) The Hannibal Creek Lock and Dam to be located

at about mile 126 on the Ohio River will Involve

construction of a nonnavlgable-type dam and

twin parallel locks. The riverward lock will

have clear dimensions of 110 by 1200 ft and the

auxiliary lock, 110 by 60O ft. The locks will

provide a maximum lift of about 21 ft. The

purpose of the study is to study navigation

conditions in the approaches to the locks,

determine suitability of the selected site, and

develop modifications required to overcome any

undesirable conditions found.

Tests were conducted in a 1:120, fixed-bed,

comprehensive model reproducint about k miles

of the Ohio River and the lock and dam struc- tures . (f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Havigat ion Conditions at Hannibal Locks and

Dam, Ohio River, Ohio and West Virginia;

Hydraulic Model Investigation," TR 2-796,

Sept. 1967.

(3911) MATAGORDA SHIP CHAHNEL, TEX., MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Galveston.

(e) The Matagorda Ship Channel project calls for a channel 38 ft deep at mlt by 3OO ft wide from

the Gulf into Matagorda Bay, a channel 36 ft deep at mlt by 200 ft wide through Matagorda

and Lavaca Bays to Point Comfort, Tex., and

includes provisions for jetties extending into

the Gulf.

The purpose of the study If to determine (a)

the best location for the entrance channel;

(b) the best route for the channel from the

entrance to Point Comfort; (c) design of

protective works for the channel; and (d)

the effects of the deep-draft navigation

191
channel on the hydraulic and salinity regimens

of the bay system

»

The fixed-bed model, constructed to scale

ratios of 1:1000 horizontally and 1:100 vertically, reproduced about 800 square miles of

prototype area, including all of Matagorda

Bay, part of the connecting bay system, and a portion of the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to Pass

Cavallo. Tides and tidal currents were re- produced by one primary tide generator and one secondary tide generator, and freshwater discharges of tributaries, together with the

rainfall over the area, were introduced by

means of weirs and flowmeters . Salt water was used in the model gulf to reproduce the prototype salinity regimen, and provisions were made for the injection of silt in the model for

measurements of deposits on the bed of the

model.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Matagorda Ship Channel Model Study, Matagorda

Bay; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Kept. TR 2-711, Jan. 1966.

(3912) GALVESTON BA.Y (HAKBOR), TEXAS, MODEL STUDY,

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Galveston.

(e) Connecting Galveston Bay and the Gulf of

Mexico is a jettied entrance channel, 36 to 38

ft deep, 800 ft wide, and about 7 miles long.

The north and south sides of the channel are protected by rock Jetties about 5 and 7 miles

long, respectively. Anniaal shoaling rates are

of the order of 600,000 cu yd on the inner bar

and a like amount on the outer bar. The scour area between the channel and the central portion of the north jetty has deepened from

about -30 ft in 19I6 to -kO ft or more at the

present time, and since old surveys indicate

this Jetty to be fomded in depths of less

than -20 ft, there seems to be grave danger

that the jetty may be undermined and partially

destroyed in the near future.

The purpose of this study is to determine:

(a) plans for relocation and stabilization of

the jetty channel on an alignment and depth

suitable for navigation of supertankers; (b) means of protecting the north jetty from undermining action of tidal currents; (c) shoaling

characteristics of the relocated and deepened

Jetty (inner bar) channel and plans for minimizing shoaling; and (d) shoaling characteristics of the deepened outer bar channel.

A movable-bed model, with scale ratios of

1:500 horizontally and 1:100 vertically, re- produces about 17't-.5 square miles of prototype

area, including a small portion of Galveston

Bay and a portion of the Gulf of Mexico extending 8 miles north of the north Jetty, 6-I/2

miles south of the south Jetty, and offshore

to about the 50- ft contour of depth. Tides,

tidal currents, littoral currents, and wave

action in the Gulf of Mexico are being reproduced.

(f) Tests completed.

(g) The results of channel realignment tests indicated that the plan 2 realignment was the most favorable of those tested in relation to both

maintenance dredging cost and ease of navigation. The results of jetty modification

tests indicated that the outer 3OOO ft of the

north jetty can be allowed to deteriorate to about elevation -12 ft mlt without detrimental effects on the shoaling characteristics

of the entrance. The results of spur dike

tests showed that total shoaling would be re- duced about 23 percent by locating a spur dike

normal to the north jetty, 3OOO ft long with a crest elevation of -12 ft mlt. Closing the

Galveston Harbor channel would increse total

shoaling by about 60 percent. Total shoaling

woxild be reduced about 15 percent by reducing

the width of the plan 2 channel from 8OO ft to 600 ft. The results of proposed deepwater

anchorage area tests indicated that anchorage

area B, located on the north side of the inner

bar channel, would require annual maintenance

dredging of about 250,000 cu yd whereas the

addition of area C would increase total dredging to 1,^4-63,000 cu yd (anchorage area C is

located on the south side of the channel) . The

tracer tests indicated that waves from south of

about Sk-3°'E cause bottom sediments to move from

the northeasterly one-third of the disposal area toward and into the outer shoal area.

{391^) McALPINE LOCKS, OHIO RIVER, MODEL STUDY FOR

MODERNIZATION OF EXISTING LOCK.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Louisville.

(e) Modernization of the filling and emptying

system of the 100-ft-wide by 600-ft-long existing McAlpine Lock is part of the McAlplne Locks

and Dam project. The existing lock has a

37- ft lift and is filled and emptied through

sidewall ports in both walls. Intake manifolds located in both walls immediately up- stream from upper miter gates serve circular

culverts, each discharging into the chamber

through 10 filling ports. Circular emptying

culverts, separate from the filling culverts,

receive water through 10 emptying ports in

each wall and discharge into the lower lock

approach through manifolds located just downstream from the lower miter gates. Because of

hydraulic conditions the present system is not used to fill the lock in the fastest possible manner

.

The purpose of the study is to develop feasible

modifications which will improve prototype

performance. Tests were conducted in a 1:25

model which reproduced the filling and emptying system.

(f) Completed.

(g) Tests demonstrated that major improvement in

performance of the filling and emptying system

would result from connecting the filling and

emptying culverts and plugging certain of the

ports in the existing filling system.

(h) "Modernization of Filling and Emptying System,

Existing McAlpine Lock (old No. hi), Ohio

River, Louisville, Kentucky; Hydraulic

Investigation," TR 2-778, May I967.

(3915) GERING VALLEY PROJECT, GERING VALLEY, NEBR.,

MODEL STUDY OF DROP STRUCTURE.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Omaha.

(e) The Gering Valley project in western Nebraska

will consist of low rectangular drop structures

designed for alluvial channels, a series of

which will be located in the main Gering drain

as well as in the tributaries. Structure

widths will vary from 6 to 33 ft and lengths

from 16 to hj ft, with drop heights of 5 and

10 ft.

The purpose of the study is to examine the

hydraulic performance of the drop structures

with particular interest in basin performance,

discharge capacity, and the extent and size of

riprap required upstream and downstream of structure.

192
A l:12-scale model and a l:35-scale model were used in the investigation. Each model reproduced a typical drop structure, adjacent over- bank areas, and about 3OO ft of the approach

and exit areas. The smaller scale model permitted more rapid modifications of the struc- ture . (f) Completed.

(g) Families of curves were developed that permitted drop structure design "based on drop

height and discharge conditions. Design

criteria based on investigation of structures having a 5-ft drop height were applicable to structures with drop heights up to 10 ft. A

satisfactory plan for placement of riprap

material in the vicinity of the structure was developed.

(h) "Drop Structure for Gering Valley Project,

Scottsbluff County, Nebraska; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," TR 2-j60, Feb. I967.

(3917) GENERAL SPILLWAY MODEL TESTS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(e) The purpose is (a) To study hydraulic characteristics of spillway crest shapes with heads

greater than the design head, including the

effects of approach depth, crest piers and

gates, elevation of downstream floor of spillway, and of downstream slope of spillway, and

(b) to establish general rules for design of

roller-type energy dissipators. A flume 70 ft

long by 6 ft wide and 6 ft high comprises the test facility. Section models designed for

study of particular elements of spillways are installed in the test flume.

(lt-382) HYDRAULIC PROTOTYPE TESTS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(e) Assistance is given to Districts in planning

and making hydraulic field tests, including:

Planning and design of test facilities, making

available personnel and equipment for tests,

and analyzing data and preparing reports . The

purpose is to coordinate the hydraulic prototype testing program of the Corps in order to ensure complete coverage of needed testing,

prevent unnecessary duplication of testing

facilities and tests, recommend instrument

installations at projects where physical and

hydraulic conditions will be suitable for obtaining data, and investigate hydraulic performance . (g) Assistance in planning prototype instrumentation and tests was furnished to 12 District and

for 15 projects. Other hydraulic prototype

tests related to and conducted partly under

this study are described in detail under:

(3906), (561+3), (JSUS), (6850), (6035), (6032).

(1+38 3) TURTLE CREEK CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Pittsburgh.

(e) The purpose of the study is to check computed

head losses and determine the adequacy of the

proposed alignment and channel cross section; to determine the effects of low bridges, piers,

and abutments on flow conditions; and to evaluate various modifications to the proposed

improvement plan. The model reproduced the

lower 7800 ft of the Turtle Creek channel to

a scale of 1:50. Provisions were made to test the lower I5OO ft of the creek in existing and

improved conditions.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania, Channel Improve19

ment; Hydra\ilic Model Investigation," TR 2-765,

March 1967.

('+385) BELLEVILLE LOCKS AND DAM, OHIO RIVER, GENERAL

MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Huntington.

(e) The purpose of the investigation is to study

the adequacy of the proposed design, to determine the best location for the locks under

various flow conditions, and to develop meas- ures to overcome or minimize the effects of

any adverse conditions.

A l:120-scale, fixed-bed model, reproducing

about 3 miles of the river, adjacent overbank

area, and the locks and dam structures, was used for the investigation. The model included sufficient piezometer -type gages to permit an accurate study of the effects of the

installation on stages at the dam, at the ends

of the lock walls, and upstream and downstream

from the ends of the walls

.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Navigation Conditions at Belleville Locks and

Dam, Ohio River; Hydraulic Model Investigation,

Rept. TR 2-738, Sept. I966.

(i+386) HOLT LOCK AND DAM, WARRIOR RIVER, ALA.,

GENERAL MODEL STUDIES.

(b) U.S. Array Engr. Dist., Mobile.

(e) The purpose is to study navigation conditions

in the lock approaches, performance of the

spillway, the feasibility of lock culvert

intakes and outlets on the river side of the

riverward lock wall, and flows through the

first and second construction stage diversion

channels

.

Tests were conducted on a l:80-scale model

reproducing the structures, '+800 ft of the

approach channel, and '+800 ft of the exit

channel, and a l:36-scale section model reproducing one full bay and two adjacent half

bays of the spillway and stilling basin.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Spillway and Navigation Conditions, Holt Lock

and Dam, Warrior River, Alabama; Hydraulic

Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-7i+5, Oct. 1966.

(1+390) CANNELTON LOCKS AND DAM, OHIO RIVER, IND. AND

KY. , MODEL STUDIES.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Louisville.

(e) The project involves the construction of a nonnavigable dam approximately 721 miles below

Pittsburg, Pa. , with parallel locks, the main

lock to have usable dimensions of 1200 by 110

ft and the auxiliary lock to be 6OO by 110 ft. The dam will consist of twelve 100-ft-wide gate

bays and will replace three existing low-lift

locks and dams . The locks and dams will have a lift of 26 ft, creating a pool up to the

McAlpine Locks and Dam at Louisville, Ky. The

purpose of the study is to investigate

navigation conditions in the lock approaches

and effects of the structures on flood stages; to obtain data for development of rating

curves; and to determine the effect of powerhouse installation on flow and navigation

conditions

.

A l:120-scale model reproduces about 9 miles

of the river and sufficient overbank areas to permit the reproduction and study of flows

up to the maximum of record (1937 flood). The

model includes the locks and dam structures with provisions for the installation of
powerhouse facilities. Also, 20 piezometertype gages are provided to permit study of

swellheads as affected by the locks and dam

and the powerhouse facilities,

(f) Suspended.

(4391) LOCK AM) DAM NO. 3, ARKANSAS RIVER, ARK.,

MODEL STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Little Rock.

(e) The purpose is to determine the suitability of

the proposed site for the lock and dam structure, the effects of proposed regulating works

in the vicinity including a cutoff, and

modifications which might be required to provide adequate channel depths in the lock

approaches and safe navigation conditions with

minimum maintenance. A movable-bed model

reproducing about I3 miles of the Arkansas

River and adjacent overbank area, constructed

to a scale of 1:120 horizontally and 1:80

vertically, was used.

(f) Tests completed; report in progress.

(g) The investigation has resulted in the development of channel alignment and regulating

structures required for the development of

adequate depths and satisfactory navigation

conditions in the reaches upstream and downstream of the lock and in the lock approaches

and conditions which can be expected with

cofferdams for various stages of construction.

Results also indicated that shoaling in the

lower lock approach can be reduced by selected

operation of the lock gates and the installation of training dikes in the channel upstream

of the dam.

(14-396) COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY, MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Portland.

(e) The existing authorized project in Columbia

River provides for a channel k8 ft deep and

one-half mile wide from the entrance to about

river mile 3-0, and thence kO ft deep and 6OO

ft wide to Portland, Oreg. The north and south

jetties at the river mouth are 2.14- and 6.6 miles

long, respectively. Jetty A, inside north

jetty, is 1.1 miles long.

To determine the need for and to develop

optimum plans for rehabilitation of existing

jetties and proposed additional improvements;

to investigate future shoaling developments in

the entrance channel and in the reach between

the entrance and Oak Point, and means of

alleviating such shoaling; and to investigate

existing and proposed spoil-disposal areas to establish locations that will not permit

movement of material back to the channel.

The model reproduces the lower 52 miles of the

Columbia River and pertinent off-shore areas to linear scales of 1:500 horizontally and 1:100

vertically. Tides and tidal currents, density

currents, waves, and other phenomena significant to the movement and deposition of sediments are reproduced and studied. All portions

of the model have been, heretofore, of the

fixed-bed type. During the year the entrance

and surrounding area were converted to the

movable -bed type.

(g) Two separate checks of tidal prism were made

for conditions of mean tide and spring tide,

and it was concluded that the results obtained

were directly applicable to the prototype.

Construction of Jetty B would reduce shoaling

in the entrance area by about 28 percent;

however, other data indicated that more detailed studies (movable bed) should be made to

191;

determine optimum design of Jetty B. The

closure of Sand Island gap affects tides in

Baker Bay very little except to delay the time

of low water about l/2 hr. All flow through

the gap would be diverted around the east end

of Sand Island, increasing velocities in that area as much as 4.0 fps . The effects of the

rehabilitation of Jetty A would be slight and

of a local nature and would not significantly

affect the chacteristics of the entrance as a

whole. It was also found that the relocation

of the entrance channel would not significantly

reduce the requirements of maintenance, except

for a possible short-term reduction of undetermined amount.

(1+593) MILLERS FERRY LOCK AND DAM, ALABAMA RIVER,

ALA., GENERAL MODEL STUDIES.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Mobile.

(e) The project is located 11+2.2 miles above the

mouth of the Alabama River and is part of the

development program of the Alabama River waterway. It will include a nonnavigable dam with

a gated and an overflow section, a lock on the

left bank having usable dimensions of 6OO by

84 ft and a maximum lift of it-8 ft, and a powerhouse. The filling and emptying system

for the lock will comprise two intake ports

in the river side of the upper gate block,

10-ft-square culverts in each wall, a lateral crossover culvert at the midpoint of the lock

leading to four longitudinal floor culverts

with side ports, and culvert outlets which

empty riverward of the lock in the common

outlet basin. Reverse-moixnted tainter valves

will control flow in the system.

The purpose of this study is to investigate

navigation conditions through an existing

bridge and in the lock approaches, the effects

of the structures on flood stages, and the

effects of powerhouse operations on navigation

conditions; and to determine flow characteristics over the spillway and verify the adequacy of the stilling basin design. A 1:100

scale general model reproducing about 3-1 miles

of river was used to study navigation conditions.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Navigation Conditions at Millers Ferry Lock

and Dam, Alabama River, Ala,bama," Rept. TR 2-775, April I967.

(1+595) COLUMBIA LOCK AHD DAM, OUACHITA RIVER, La.,

GENERAL MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Vicksburg.

(e) The project involves construction of a cut-off

channel about 560O ft long with a bottom width

of 522 ft, a gated structure (consisting of

four tainter gates, each 50 ft wide and 26 ft

high) located about midway of the cutoff, a 200-ft-wide navigable pass on the right of the

dam, and a 60O- by 8'+-ft lock on the left.

The purpose of this study is to investigate

navigation conditions in the approaches to the

lock and navigable pass, and the effects of

the structures on flood stages. The investigation was conducted on a l:100-scale model

that reproduced about 2.6 miles of the Ouachita

River and cut-off channel, including the lock

and dam structures.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Navigation Conditions at Columbia Lock and

Dam, Ouachita River, Louisiana; Hydraulic

Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-756, Feb. I967.
(i+59'+) SHELBYVILtE DAM, KASKASKXA. RIVER, ILL., MODEL

STUDY OF SPILLWAY.

("b) U.S. Army Engr. Dlst., St. Louis.

(e) The purpose is to study the overall hydraulic

performance of the spillway and outlets of the

sluices, verify chute and stilling basin

designs, and develop an exit channel protection plan.

The investigation was conducted on a Ir^tO- scale model that reproduced the spillway and

allied structures, a portion of the earth

embankment on each side of the spillway,

1550 ft of the approach channel, and II50 ft

of the exit channel.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Spillway and Outlet Works, Shelbyvllle Dam,

Kaskaskia River, Illinois; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," TR 2-719, June I966.

{U-599) LITTLE SIOUX RIVER PROJECT, LITTLE SIOUX,

IOWA, MODEL STUDY OF CONTROL STRUCTURES.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Omaha.

(e) The structure will consist of a low rectangular

drop with a width of 50 ft and crest at el

1020 located in the control channel with rock

protection downstream of the structure and on adjacent berms. The purpose of the investigation is to study the placement of riprap

materials in the vicinity of the structure

,

and discharge capacity of the structure,

and effectiveness of concrete drop.

The l:30-scale model reproduced about 700 ft of the channel and berms upstream of the

structure, the drop structure, and about I3OO

ft of the channel and berms below the structure. Portions of the levees containing the

structure were reproduced adjacent to the

berms . The approach channel and berms were Initially molded in sand; subsequent tests were conducted with this area molded in cement mortar to sheet-metal templates. Prototype

roughness was simulated by installing expanded metal mesh (7/8-in.) on the upstream

berms. The concrete area of the drop struc- ture was fabricated of plastic-coated plywood.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Control Structure, Little Sioux River, Iowa; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-762,

Feb. 1967.

{k602) LOCK FILLING AND EMPTYING SYSTEMS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engineers.

(d) Analytical and model; applied.

(e) To provide new or improved design information

and procedures to assist in the design of

navigation lock filling and emptying systems.

Flumes with required appurtenances are available for testing, at scales of 1:25, filling

and emptying systems of locks as large as 110 ft by 1200 ft with lifts of 100 ft.

(g) Two different crossover culvert designs were tested with a floor culvert arrangement which

utilized only two discharging floor culverts

in each half of the lock chamber. Limited data were obtained with each of the basic arrangements tested. These data are to be used with

similar data for other arrangements ( scheduled for testing in 1968) to develop planning

information showing the relative effect of

the different crossover culvert designs and

floor culvert arrangements on perfomiance

.

Data are being collected at lifts ranging

to 100 ft.

{k603) LOW-LIFT LOCKS, ARKANSAS RIVER, ARK., MODEL

STUDY OF FILLING AND EMPTYING SYSTEM.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Little Rock.

(e) The Little Rock District sponsored the first

phase of the tests in which a 12- by 12-ft

culvert was used; tests of other size

culverts will be sponsored by the Little Rock

District or other interested Corps of Engineers offices for the purpose of standardizing

lock design for 60O- by lOO-ft locks. An intake was developed for use in all tests . Then

optimum shape, size, number, spacing, and

location of the ports in the lock chamber as related to culvert size were determined. The

purpose of this study is to determine an optimum port arrangement for the filling and

emptying system for low-lift locks.

The Investigation was conducted on a 1:25-

scale model which reproduced 700 ft of lock

approach channel, intake manifolds, a 67Oft-long lock chamber, culvert, sidewall port

manifolds, outlet manifold, and 700 ft of

downstream channel.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Navigation Conditions at Lock and Dam No. k, Arkansas River; Hydraxilic Model Investigation,"

Rept. TR 2-714-6, Oct. 1966.

(5228) CRITERIA FOR THE DESIGN OF SMALL- BOAT HARBORS.

See No. 501k, Calif. Inst. Tech., p. 7-

(5229) GENERAL COASTAL INLET STUDIES.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs.

(c) Experimental; laboratory and field; applied,

(e) This is a general study to develop means for

computing discharge and velocity distribution

through tidal inlets, leading to determination

of tidal prisms and water-surface elevations

in inner bay systems; and to determine the

factors involved In both inner and outer bar

formation, the shoaling of inlet channels,

and the stability of inlet shape and location.

The project will consist of the following

three phases: (l) tests in four generalized

test facilities, three of which (Facilities

A,B, and C) will be located at the Waterways

Experiment Station and the fourth at the

Coastal Engineering Research Center; (2)

analysis of results of these tests by the

Waterways Experiment Station, the Coastal

Engineering Research Center, and the Committee

on Tidal Hydraulics; and (3) field observations under sponsorship of the Committee on Tidal Hydraulics to confirm the principles

developed

.

(g) A series of tests of structures designed for

hurricane surge reduction were conducted in

Facility A for the Galveston District.

Modification of the flow measuring system for

Facility A was completed, and restoration of

the facility basin was completed to allow

testing of the first of the general inlets.

Construction of models to allow testing for

the New York District and the Nuclear CraterIng Group was completed In Facility B, and

tests for the Nuclear Craterlng Group were

initiated. Tests to determine the ability of

obtaining desired littoral drift rates were initiated In Facility C early In the year.

These tests were then Interrupted for the

construction of the model of Moriches Inlet.

Adjustment and verification of Moriches Inlet were initiated the latter part of the year.

195
(5230) LOCK AM) DAM NO. k, AEKANSAS RIVER, ARK. MODEL STUDY OF NAVIGATIOK CONDITIONS.

(h)

(5231)

(b)

(e)

U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Little Rock.

The purpose of the study is to (a) demonstrate

flow conditions in the lock approaches in the

vicinity of the Rob Roy Bridge; (h) determine

the effect of various guard wall designs on forces affecting tows in the upper lock approach; (c) determine optitn\jm location of the

harbor and dock, and mooring facilities; (d)

measiire distribution of several different

flows throughout the model; and (e) furnish

information to be used in developing modifications of the approaches and structures to improve navigation conditions. The investigation was conducted on a l:120-scale, fixedbed, comprehensive model, reproducing about 5 miles of the Arkansas River and adjacent over- bank areas, the lock and dam structures, and

all bridges and other structures that might

affect flow conditions.

"Navigation Conditions at Lock and Dam No. k,

Arkansas River; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-746, Oct. I966.

OZARK LOCK AND DAM, ARKANSAS RIVER, MODEL

STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

U.S. Army Engr. District, Little Rock.

The purpose of this study is to determine the

smtability of the proposed site for the lock

and dam structures, and to develop modifications which might be req^ulred to overcome any undesirable navigation conditions. The

investigation was conducted on a l:120-scale,

fixed bed, comprehensive model, reproducing

about 3 miles of the Arkansas River, adjacent

overbank areas to an elevation of approximately 385 ft msl, the lock and dam structures,

and all bridges and other structures that

might affect flow conditions.

Test completed.

Tests have resulted in modifications in the

lock approaches and in the excavation in the

approach to the powerhouse, and in the

development of suitable plan for spoil disposal.

(5232) HUNTINGTON RESERVOIR, WABASH RIVER, IND.,

MODEL STUDY OF STILLING BASIN.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Louisville.

(e) The Huntington Reservoir, a proposed floodcontrol project to be constructed on the

Wabash River about 85 miles northeast of

Indianapolis, Ind., includes an earth dam

kJOO ft long and 89 ft high, and a gated

spillway with six conduits through the spillway section.

The purpose of the study is (a) to insure good

energy dissipation in the stilling basin at low and intermediate flows, and safe conditions

at high flows; (b) to study the effect of the

flatter-than- usual downstream spillway slope

(10 horizontal to 12 vertical) on basin action;

and (c) if the originally proposed basin design

was found to be unsatisfactory, to make re- visions necessary to secure the desire results.

The l:60-scale model of the stilling basin

reproduced kOO ft of the approach area, a 60-

ft-wide section of the spillway and stilling

basin, and 5OO ft of the exit channel. The

spillway gate piers and conduits through the

spillway were not reproduced; however, the

model was adjusted to simulate the increased

head that would have obtained with crest piers

and abutments present.

196

(f)

(g)

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Stilling Basin, Huntington Reservoir Spillway,

Wabash River, Indiana; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," Rept. MP 2-876, Feb. I968.

(5233) ST. CLAIR RIVER, MODEL STUDY OF SUBMERGED SILLS

(b)

(e)

(f)

(5243)

(b)

(e)

U.S. Army Engr. District, Detroit.

The St. Clair River project, proposed for the

head of the St. Clair River, will involve con- struction of submerged sills in an effort to raise the level of Lake Huron. The purpose

of the investigation is (a) to study effects

of number and location of submerged sills on discharge characteristics, navigation con- ditions, and sedimentation; and (b) to investigate effects of shape of weir of discharge characteristics.

The comprehensive model reproduced the St. Clair River from Lake Huron to a point about

3.1 miles downstream to a scale of 1:60; this

model was of the fixed-bed type with provisions

for the study of sediment movement and for the

study of shoaling in the critical area. Tests suspended.

NOLIN DAM, NOLIN RIVER, KY. GATED INTAKE AND TUNNEL. PROTOTYPE TESTS,

U.S. Army Engr. District, Louisville.

Nolin Dam is a rock-fill dam, I69 ft in height,

used for flood control. The outlet works,

consisting of a three-gated intake structure

and semielliptical-shaped tunnel, has a l6,000-

cfs capacity. An uncontrolled saddle-type

spillway is located on the right abutment.

The purpose of the study is to measure the

tunnel hydraulic grade line and gate-hoist

cylinder pressures. From these measurements,

tunnel friction and intake losses can be

evaluated and gate forces computed.

Test facilities included five pairs of sidewall piezometers connected to a manifold.

Pressures at full tunnel flow were measured by means of the air-purge technique, using a mercury manometer and a pressure gage. Pressure taps were provided in one of the operating

gate-hoist cylinders and measurements of gate

hydraulic cylinder pressures were made with

pressure gages.

(52314-) TEXAS CITY, TEX., MODEL STUDY OF SEAWALL.

(b)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(521+2)

(b)

(e)

U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Galveston.

The purpose of the study is to develop designs

for (a) vertical-faced seawalls, (b) rubblemound structures to protect the natural ground

at the base of a vertical wall on its bayside,

and (c) rubble-mound armor layers to protect

the bayside slope and crown of an earth levee.

Tests were conducted in a concrete wave flxjme

119 ft long, 5 ft wide, and k ft deep on section models of the proposed structures

constructed to a linear scale of 1:35' Model

waves were generated by a plunger-type wave

machine, and measured and recorded electrically

Completed.

See (h).

"stability of Seawall, Texas City, Texas; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-728,

May 1966.

GREENUP LOCKS AND DAM, OHIO RIVER, PROTOTYPE

CULVERT PRESSURE TESTS.

U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Huntington.

The project, located on the Ohio River 31*^1 miles downstream from Pittsburgh, Pa., consists
of a 110- "by 600-ft auxiliary lock, a 110- by

1200-ft main lock, and a nine-bay, 1287-ftlong spillway dam. The lift of the locks is

32 ft at present, but will be 30 ft when

additional downstream development is completed.

The filling and emtpying system of the main

lock consists of two culverts and a splitlateral system.

The purpose of the study is to measure prototype pressures in the filling and emptying

system of the main lock and water-surface

elevations in the lock chamber for comparison

with model results and for further development

of lock design criteria.

Electrical transducers connected to piezometers by air-purged lines were used to measure

pressures in the lock culverts and water-surface elevations in the lock. Circxilar potentiometers were used to indicate the positions

of the filling and emptying valves. All data,

accompanied by a common time indication, were recorded on light-beam oscillographs. Other

data included photographic records of flow

conditions and staff gage readings

.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Culvert Pressures, Greenup Lock, Ohio River,

Kentucky; Hydraiilic Prototype Tests," Rept. TR 2-731+, July 1966.

(521<-5) HOUSTON SHIP CHAMEL, TEX., MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Galveston.

(e) Houston Ship Channel comprises a 52-mile reach

which starts at Bolivar Roads, traverses

Galveston Bay, and includes the lower portion

of the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou to confluence of White Oak Bayou. The cost maintenance dredging in the ship channel, including new work such as easing of bends and other

routine improvements, has averaged more than

$1,000,000 per year over a period of several

years. The purpose of the study is to determine if the present cost of maintenance dredging can be reduced by proposed plans of channel

realignment, partial or complete diking of

connecting bays, sediment traps, dikes in

Galveston Bay, local contractions, enlargements,

and other remedial measures.

The model reproduces a portion of the Gulf of

Mexico outside the entrance to Galveston Bay;

all of Galveston and Trinity Bays; Dickinson

Bay and Clear Creek to the head of project;

the tidal portion of Trinity River; the

Houston Ship Channel in its entirety; and

Buffalo Bayou from the Turning Basin to the

confluence of White Oak Bayou. The model is of

fixed-bed construction with scale ratios, model

to prototype, of 1:600 horizontally and 1:60

vertically. Tides and tidal currents are re- produced by a tide generator located in the

Gulf of Mexico portion of the model, and the

salinity of the model Gulf is reproduced to scale so that the effects of salinity differences on the vertical distribution of current

velocities, as well as salinity concentrations

throughout the model, accurately reproduce

those of the prototype. The model will be

used to establish the effects of all proposed

improvement works on tidal current velocities, current patterns, and salinities in all

critical areas . All hydraulic and salinity

data obtained from the model will be quantitative and can be applied directly to the prototype. Shoaling studies are made by injecting

finely ground gilsonite into the model to

reproduce the patterns of shoaling as observed

in the prototype, following which the effects

of proposed improvement plans on shoaling

patterns may be observed and evaluated from a qualitative viewpoint

.

(g) Results of the radioisotope tracer tests in

the prototype indicated that sediment moves

upstream at a fairly rapid rate and that

little movement of sediment occurs in the

downstream direction. Ships passing through

the channel appear to contribute to suspension

and further movement of the sediment as found

in an observation made in one traverse made

behind a moving ship.

(5250) FORT RANDALL DAM, MISSOURI RIVER, S. DAK.,

PROTOTYPE SPILLWAY TESTS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Omaha.

(d) Field studies; applied research.

(e) The purpose is to obtain vertical velocity

distribution and water-surface depths on the

spillway chute for use in checking design

resistance coefficient assumptions and com- puting discharge over the spillway. These

data will assist in eliminating a deficiency

in the information on full-scale chute spillway flows used in design of such structures.

Two pitot piers were fabricated and installed

on the spillway chute. The pitot piers

instrumentation consisted of eight total-head

tubes to measure vertical velocity distributions. Water-surface measurements along the

spillway length were made with wire-weight

gages. Visual observations and photographic

records of flow conditions were also made.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Flow in Chute Spillway at Fort Randall Dam; Hydraulic Prototype Tests," Rept. TR 2-7l6,

Apr. 1966.

(5251) ROBERT S. KERR LOCK AND DAM, ARKANSAS RIVER,

MODEL STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Tulsa.

(e) The Robert S. Kerr Lock and Dam, to be located

at about mile 395 on the Arkansas River, will

involve construction of a nonnavigable-type

dam, a 110- by 600-ft lock, and a powerhouse.

The lock will provide a maximum lift of about

k8 ft. The purpose of the investigation is to study navigation conditions in the approaches to the lock, determine suitability of

the selected site, and develop modifications

reqiiired to overcome any undesirable conditions.

The model reproduced about 3.2 miles of the

Arkansas River and the lock and dam structures

to a scale of 1:120. It was a fixed-bed model

with provision for a movable-bed section below

the dam for use in the development of channel

configurations in the reach.

(f) Tests completed; final report in progress.

(g) Results of the Investigation revealed that

a 3000-ft-long dike landward of the upper

guard wall would be necessary to eliminate a strong crosscurrent at the end of the upper

guard wall. A shorter transition in the

right bankllne downstream of the powerhouse

and the addition of a l+OO-ft dike at the end

of the guard wall with initial conditions or a 550-ft dike if the channel downstream of

the dam degrades to rock would be necessary

to minimize the effect of the large eddy that

would develop with all flow through the

powerhouse

.

197
(563^) DANA POINT HARBOR, CALIF., MODEL STUDY OF

BREAKWATER.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. List., Los Angeles.

(e) This harbor is to be constructed at a site

which is exposed to ocean waves. The harbor

will be protected by rubble-mound breakwaters

which are permeable and allow some of the wave energy to pass throxjgh the strxictures in- to the protected area. The purpose of the

study is to determine the effectiveness of the

proposed breakwater sections in reducing

transmitted wave energy, and the stability of

the breakwaters to provide a basis for the

design of the proposed harbor; and to add to the available basic data on the transmission

of wave energy into artificial harbors.

Tests were conducted in a concrete wave flimie 119 ft long, 5 ft wide, and k ft deep on section models of the proposed structures con- structed to linear scales of 1:50 and 1:100.

Model waves were generated by a pl\mger-type

wave machine and measured and recorded

electrically.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Designs for Rubble-Mound Breakwaters, Dana

Point Harbor, California; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," TR 2-725, June I966.

(5635) INVESTIGATION OF WAVE REFLECTING AND TRANSMITTING CHARACTERISTICS OF RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS, RUBBLE WAVE ABSORBERS, SAND BEACHES,

WAVE TRAPS, AND RESONATORS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied.

(e) A comprehensive study is being conducted to critically review the theoretical aspects of wave absorbers and show their application to practical situations; to develop more accurate

methods of measuring wave reflection-absorption characteristics of short-period waves; to investigate the energy transmitted through

and over rubble-mound structures; and to determine the wave absorbing characteristics

of sand beaches, wave traps, resonators, and

certain types of floating breakwaters. The

purpose of the study is to establish design

criteria (a) for rubble breakwaters with

respect to their wave reflecting-transmission

characteristics, and (b) for different types

of wave absorbers (natural sand beaches, wave

traps, resonators, and rubble mound). A 2- by k.^- by l'+9-ft concrete wave flume equipped

with a flat-type wave generator and electrical

wave measxjring apparatus was used to conduct

tests of the flexible floating breakwater

i nve s t igat ion.

(g) Data from tests to determine the ratio of

transmitted to incident wave heights and

the ratio of reflected to incident wave heights for rubble-mound structures were analyzed and a draft of the final report was

begun. Model tests were conducted on flexible

floating breakwaters consisting of used rubber

tires (Wave Maze) and spherical shaped units to determine their wave attenuation characteristics. The data were analyzed and a first

draft of the final report, "Investigation of

Flexible Floating Breakwaters Made of Tires

and Spheres, "was completed. The results of

the investigation indicated that a wave transmission coefficient (H^/H^^ of 0.20 could

be otained in situations where the breakwater

length is twice the wavelength and the breakwater depth extends one -third of the water

depth below the surface. Therefore, this

type breakwater is primarily best sioited for

short-period, high- steepness waves in relatively deep water.

(5636) FLUSHING STUDIES OF VICTORIA CHANNEL, Tex.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Galveston.

(e) The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Channel to

Victoria, Tex., is located along the Gulf

coast in south-central Texas . The navigation

channel extends northwesterly from the Gulf

Intracoastal Waterway in San Antonio about

35 channel miles to a turning basin about 7 miles south of Victoria, Tex. The channel

when completed will have a controlling depth

of 10 ft below mean sea level over a bottom

width of 100 ft and l-on-3 side slopes. The

proposed turning basin and flushing system

will be located at the end of the navigation

channel. The flushing system is to consist

of a freshwater intake ditch, flushing canal,

gate structure, underground conduit, and

stilling basin. It is anticipated that the

navigation channel will require two flushings

per year to eliminate objectionable surface

debris, oil, and foul water. Although an average annual inflow of lk,k-00 acre-ft can be

expected to enter the channel from local runoff, the unpredictable magnitxjde of storms and

the distribution of the inflow throughout the

length of the navigation channel may not en- sure two thorough flushings per year. Flushing will be accomplished with fresh water

taken from the Guadalupe River which will be

conveyed through the intake ditch, control

gates, conduits, and stilling basin and introduced near the head of the navigation channel.

Since most of the Guadalupe flow is used for

irrigation and other purposes, it is likely

that diversion will only be possible during

flood peaks lasting two to three days and

occurring once or twice per year.

The purpose of the study is to determine the

flow requirements of the flushing system to replace the stagnant water in the navigation

channel

.

The tests were made in the Waterways Experiment Station salinity flume which is 327 ft long, 0.75 ft wide, and 1.5 ft deep. Duplicate tests were made for two depth scales

(l:15 and 1:30) to determine if the test data

contained any significant scale effects . In both series of tests, the horizontal scale for

length along the channel was 1:323, and that

for width across the channel was 1:173. Use

of different horizontal scales for length and

width was necessary to make the existing flume

dimensions conform to those of the landlocked

portion of the channel. The salinity scale

used for the tests was 1:1.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Flushing Studies, Victoria Channel, Victoria,

Texas; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. MP 2-812, Apr. 1966.

(5638) LOCK AND DAM NO. 9, ARKANSAS RIVER, MODEL

STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Little Rock.

(e) The project involves construction of a gated

dam and lock. As proposed, the dam will con- tain 1*+ gate bays (60-ft span) with sill at

el 253- The lock will have clear dimensions

of 110 by 600 ft. The maximum lift will be

19 ft. The purpose of the study is to

198
investigate navigation conditions with the

proposed structures, to determine the effects

of modifications in the composition and

arrangement of the structures, and to develop

such modifications as might be considered

desirable.

The investigation was conducted on a 1:120-

scale model reproducing about 6 miles of the

Arkansas River and adjacent overbank area

near Morrilton, Ark. The model was of the

fixed-bed type with provisions for changes in

the channel based on the effects of the proposed regulating structures.

(f) Tests completed J report in progress.

(g) Results have indicated the modifications re- quired to produce satisfactory navigation

conditions in the upper and lower lock

approach

.

(5639) LOCK AND DAM NO. 7, ARKANSAS RIVER MODEL STUDY

OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Little Rock.

(e) The purpose of the investigation is to study

navigation conditions in the lock approaches,

the design of the upstream guard wall, and

location and design of any training works

needed to improve navigation conditions and

distribution of flow to the spillway. The

investigation was conducted on a 1:120 scale,

fixed-bed, comprehensive model, reproducing

about 7 miles of the Arkansas River, adjacent

overbank areas, the lock and dam structures,

and other structures that might affect flow

conditions

.

(f) Tests complete; report in progress.

(g) Resiolts indicated that moving the right pier

to increase the width of the navigable span

would reduce the hazard to navigation through

the bridge during the higher flows

.

(5614-0) CHARLESTON HARBOR, S.C., POLLUTION STUEiY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Charleston.

(e) The purpose is to provide data on dispersion

and transport of wastes in the harbor under

various conditions of freshwater Inflow along

with data on tides, currents, and salinities

for all inflow conditions studied.

The Charleston Harbor model reproduced about

17 miles of the South Carolina shoreline, 23O

square miles of the Atlantic Ocean, and the

entire tidal portions of the Cooper, Ashley,

and Wando Rivers and their tributaties . The

model was of the fixed-bed type and was con- structed to scales of 1:100 vertically and

1:2000 horizontally. Provisions were included

for reproducing tides and tidal currents,

upland freshwater flows, ocean salinities, and

salinity intrusion. Conservative-type fluorescent dyes were introduced to simulate

industrial and municipal waste, and the effects

of variations in the upland flow on the dispersion and flushing characteristics of the

dyes were determined.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Reduction of Shoaling in Charleston Harbor

and Navigation Improvement of Cooper River,

South Carolina; Hydraulic Model Investigation,'

Kept. TR 2-733, July 1966.

(561+1) FREMONT DROP STRUCTURE, SANDUSKY RIVER, OHIO,

MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Buffalo,

(e) The project provides for widening, deepening,

and streamlining the rrain channel of the

Sandusky River in the vicinity of Fremont,

Ohio. The purpose of the study is to determine the adequacy of a drop structure

or friction channel in the dissipation of the

kinetic energy developed when the water-surface profile drops from existing levels up- stream of the proposed improved channel to

levels within the improved channel.

Model tests were conducted on a l:36-scale

model reproducing the drop structure and 8OO

ft of the channel upstream and 900 ft downstream. Tests were also conducted on a l:ltO- scale rocklined channel which reproduced

about 2000 ft of the proposed channel.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Fremont Drop Structure and Friction Channel,

Sandusky River, Ohio; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," Rept. TR 2-752, Dec. I966.

(56I+2) DANA POINT HARBOR, CALIF., MODEL STUDY, DESIGN

OF SMALL BOAT HARBOR.

(b) U.S. Anny Engr. Dist., Los Angeles.

(e) The inner-harbor basin will be enclosed by a mole and will be accessible through 200-ftwide navigation entrances, one at each end

of the 3500-ft-long inner basin. The inner

harbor, which will accommodate about 2200

small boats, will be protected by two arms

of rubble-mound breakwater having a total

length of about 7700 ft. The purpose of the study is to study the

effects of storm-wave action on the proposed

harbor design and to determine in advance of

prototype construction what, if any, design

modifications are necessary to ensure that

wave heights during storms do not exceed (a)

1.5 ft in the inner- basin anchorage, (b)

it- ft in the approaches to the entrances of the

inner-harbor east basin berthing area and the

inner-harbor west basin berthing area, (c)

5 ft in the fairway channel paralleling the

proposed west breakwater, and (d) 2.5 ft

in the ramp basin area in the eastern sector of the inner harbor.

The l:100-scale model was of the fixed-bed

type, and was molded of concrete except for the

breakwaters and inner-harbor mole section which were constructed of rubble, sized to simulate

that required for prototype construction.

The model reproduced sufficient area along

the shoreline east and west of the harbor

site and oceanward to ensure that propagation

of waves toward the problem area was adequately simulated. The model had an area of

about 11,000 sq ft, equivalent to k square

miles in nature. Waves were generated by a 60-ft-long, plunger-type wave machine.

Electrical printed-circult-type wave measuring

rods were used in connection with automatic

recording equipment to obtain necessary wave- height data.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Design for Optimum Wave Conditions, Dana

Point Harbor, California, Hydraulic Model

Investigation," Rept. TR 2-12k, June I966.

(5643) SUMMERSVILLE DAM, ACOUSTIC FLOWMETER INSTALLATION AND PROTOTYPE TESTS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Huntington.

(e) Summersville Dam is a rock-fill dam, 375 ft in height, used for flood control. The outlet works consists of an intake structure, 29-

ft-diam operating tunnel, three 11-ft-diam

199
outlet conduits, and one -S-ft-diam low-flow

outlet pipe. An uncontrolled, saddle-type

spillway is located 3500 ft west of the right

abutment. The purpose of the study is to gage

operational discharges with an acoustic flowmeter, and to measure pressure gradients through the three-branch manifold connecting the

29-ft tunnel to the three 11-ft conduits; from

these meas\arements, to evaluate tunnel resistance and intake and manifold losses. The acoustic flowmeter Included a pair of transducers in the t\mnel and each conduit and the

accompanying circuitry to indicate the discharage from the effects of the flow rates on the

acoustic signals. The pressure test facilities

consisted of six pairs of piezometers along the

tunnel and three pairs along each conduit,

(g) Prototype tests of an acoustic flowmeter system

were made in a 2't--ft-diam power penstock at Oahe Dam to evaluate the system prior to permanent installation in the outlet works at Summersville Dam. Comparative discharge measurements included acoustic, penstock, pressuremomentum (Gibson), turbine model test ratings,

scroll-case pressure differential (WinterKennedy flowmeter), and surge tank volume

changes. The acoustic flowmeter measurements

were very consistent and many of the compari-'

sons were within 1 percent. The location of

the measuring section for a single-path

acoustic flowmeter must be selected to give

a known or measurable relation between the

flow pattern of the whole section and that

along the acoustic path.

{56kk) IITTLE ROCK REACH, ARKANSAS RIVER, MODEL STUDY

OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Little Rock.

(e) The purpose of the study is to study navigation conditions through six bridges at Little

Rock, Ark., to determine modifications required

in the existing bridges; and to develop a plan of regulating structures required to provide satisfactory navigation conditions. The

investigation is being conducted on a fixed-bed

model reproducing about 3 miles of the Arkansas

River and adjacent overflow areas to a scale

of 1:100, including six railroad and highway

bridges

.

(f) Suspended.

(g) A plan producing satisfactory navigation con- ditions has been developed and involves modifications to five bridges and training struc- tures along the right bank.

(56'4-6) HANNIBAL DAM, OHIO RIVER, SECTION MODEL STUDY

OF SPILLWAY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Pittsburgh.

(e) The spillway will consist of a concrete sill

suTTnounted by eight llO-ft-wide tainter gates

and a conventional horizontal stilling basin

with baffle piers and end sill. The purpose

of the study is to investigate the adequacy

of the proposed stilling basin for a full

range of tailwater elevations at which the structure will be required to operate.

A l:36-scale section model reproduced approximately 500 ft of the approach area, one central gate bay and the adjacent half-bays

of the spillway, a 2l6-ft-wide section of the

stilling basin, and approximately 500 ft of

the exit area.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Spillway, Hannibal Locks and Dam, Ohio River,

Ohio and West Virginia; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," TR 2-731, June I966.

(56^+7) GATE VIBRATION TESTS.

See University of Iowa, No. 5321, p. 55,

Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research.

(56kQ) BRUNSWICK HARBOR, GA., MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Savannah.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine if

the present high rate of shoaling in East River can be reduced by either changing the distributions of flows, creating turbulence, increasing bottom velocities, or by reducing

the tidal prism of East River to a minimum.

The investigation was conducted in a model

reproducing the following areas: (a) from

vicinity of Jekyll Island and St. Simons

Island on the downstream end to the upper

limits of Turtle River and Brunswick River on the upstream end; (b) East River in its

entirety; (c) Jekyll Creek from Brxmswick

River to Highway 8k Bridge; and (d) all marsh

areas surrounding the rivers, creeks, and

tributaries of the system. The model was of

the fixed-bed type molded of concrete to linear scale ratios, model to prototype, of

1:100 vertically and 1:500 horizontally.

Automatic tide generators reproduced tides and

tidal currents throughout the harbor. Shoaling

studies were made by injecting finely ground

gilsonite into the model to reproduce the

patterns of shoaling observed in the prototype,

and to determine the effects of proposed improvement plans on shoaling patterns . Changes

in shoaling patterns as effected by each proposed improvement plan were determined and

evaluated

.

(f) Tests completed; report in progress.

(g) Resiilts of tests of the plans to reduce

shoaling in Jekyll Creek indicate that plan

l+A will reduce shoaling by about 30 percent.

Construction of the required training wall can probably be justified since it will also serve to confine the dredge spoil from channel maintenance. The results of the dye diffusion

tests were furnished to the Federal and State

water pollution agencies concerned for their

analysis and evaluation.

(5650) CORDELL HULL LOCK, CUMBERLAND RIVER, TENN.,

MODEL STUDY OF FILLING AND EMPTYING VALVES.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Nashville.

(e) The purpose of the study is to evaluate the

overall performance of the multiport system

with partic\i3 ar emphasis given to determining

the optimum number, size, and arrangement of

chamber ports. Tests also were scheduled to investigate methods of controlling pressures

below the filling valves.

The investigation was conducted on a 1:25-

scale model which reproduced only the portion

of Cordell Hiill Lock between filling and

emptying valves. This action was necessitated

by an unusually tight design schedule. Other

model feattires remained as they were in an

earlier model study.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Filling and Emptying System, Cordell Hull

Navigation Lock, Cumberland River, Tennessee; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-739,

Sept. 1966.

(5651) JAMES RIVER, VA., MODEL STUDY.

200
(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Norfolk; and State of

Virginia.

(e) The purpose is to determine the effects of

channel improvement upon hydraulic and salinity

conditions in and adjacent to the oyster beds

located within the James River estuary and its

tributaries.

The model covered approximately 25,000 sq ft (900 square miles in prototype) and reproduced 300 square miles of the Atlantic Ocean,

the James River estuary, and all its principal

tributaries from Norfolk, Va. to Richmond, Va. The model was of the fixed-bed type with scale

ratios, model to prototype, of 1:1000 horizontally and 1:100 vertically. Tides and tidal

currents were reproduced by a tide generator

located in the Atlantic Ocean portion of the

model. The ocean salinity was reproduced in

the model so that the effects of salinity differences on the vertical distribution of current velocities, as well as salinity con- centrations throughout the model, accurately

reproduced those of the prototype . The freshwater discharge of the James River and its

tributaries was introduced into the model by means of Van Leer weirs

.

(f) Completed.

(g) It was concluded that the proposed improvement

of the James River navigation channel between

Newport News and Richmond would have no significant adverse effects on tides, currents,

or salinities in the important seed oyster bed

areas

.

(5652) WEBBERS FALLS LOCK AKD DAM, ARKANSAS RIVER,

MODEL STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Tulsa.

(e) The Webbers Falls Lock and Dam, to be located

about mile 4-32.2 on the Arkansas River, will

involve the construction of a nonnavigabletype dam, a 110- by 600-ft lock, and a powerhouse. The lock will provide a maximum lift

of about 30 ft. The purpose of the investigation is to study navigation conditions in

the approaches to the lock, determine the

adequacy of the design, and develop modifications required to overcome any undesirable

conditions. The model reproduced about 3»1

miles of the Arkansas River and the lock and

dam structures to a scale of 1:120. It was

of the fixed-bed type with provisions for

anticipated changes.

(f) Test complete; report in progress.

(g) Modification of the entrance to the upper lock

approach canal would make entrance into the

canal easier. A reduction in the length of

the upper guard wall from 600 to ft could

be made without affecting navigation conditions

appreciably. The originally proposed plan for

the lower lock approach would be satisfactory.

(5653) lAKE ERIE - LAKE ONTARIO WATERWAY MODEL

STUDIES.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Buffalo.

(e) The project will provide a second navigation

passage from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario to supplement the existing Welland Canal. The

plan includes a control structure at the head

of the Niagara River, a new lock to replace the

Black Rock Lock at Buffalo, and improvements

to the existing navigation channel around

Grand Island to the entrance of the proposed

overland canal downstream of Tonawanda Island.

The canal (with locks) will connect the

Niagara River and Lake Ontario.

201

An existing Niagara River model was used to investigate control structure and lock

arrangements and navigation channel features

including compensating excavations or struc- tures required to maintain existing stagedischarge relations . It may be desirable when

the project advances from the survey report

stage to the design st^ge to refine features

of the lock plan in an undistorted model.

Navigation conditions at the entrance to the

overland canal were studied in a second model.

The initial phase of the study utilized an

existing distorted-scale model which reproduced the Niagara River from approximately

11,500 ft above the Peace Bridge at Buffalo

to Rainbow Bridge below the falls. The upper

limit extended into Lake Erie. The model was constructed to scale ratios of 1:360 horizontally and 1:60 vertically, and was of the

fixed-bed type with all channel and overbank

areas molded in concrete. An undistortedscale model of a reach of the river at the

overland canal entrance was constructed for

studying navigation conditions in this area. The model was of the fixed-bed type, con- structed to a scale of 1:120.

(f) Tests complete; report in progress.

(g) Of the five lock plans tested in the distorted

model, lock plans 1 and IB appeared to be the

most feasible. Lock plans 1 and IB are the

only plans tested which can be used without a control structure at the mouth of the river.

These plans also require less excavation.

Current patterns in the improved channel near the canal entrance, as shown in the undistorted

model, indicated the need for widening of the

improved channel between Tonawanda Island and

and the canal entrance. A 100-ft widened

channel reduced the severity of currents across

the channel.

(6011) SANTA BARBARA, CALIF., MODEL STUDY OF HARBOR

DESIGN.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Los Angeles.

(e) The enlarged harbor, to be enclosed by the

protective breakwater system, will have an

area of about 188 acres. Of this area, three

moles and their perimeter wave-absorber slopes

will occupy about k-8 acres, leaving about 1^+0 acres within the west, center, and east basins

and the access channels leading thereto. New

breakwater required under the project plan

will aggregate about 5700 lin ft, I600 ft of

which woiild be a detached structure about

1600 ft long protecting the harbor entrance.

The purpose of the investigation is to study

the effects of storm wave action on the proposed harbor design and to determine in

advance of prototype construction what, if

any, design modifications are necessary to

ensure that (a) wave heights in the berthing

areas do not exceed specified criteria during

storms, and (b) these criteria are met while

using the minimum amount of protective

breakwater positioned to provide minimum

requirements for navigation to and from the

harbor by pleasure craft and also commercial

fishing boats

.

The l:100-scale was of the fixed-bed type and

was molded of concrete except for the breakwaters and absorbers flanking the innerharbor moles which were constructed of rubble,

sized to simulate that required for prototype

construction. The model reproduced sufficient area along the shoreline east and West
of the harbor site and oceanward to ensure

that propagation of waves tovard the problem

area was adequately simulated. The model had an area of about 10,700 sq ft, equivalent to about 3-8^ square miles in nature. Waves

were generated by a 60-ft-long, plunger-type

wave machine. Electrical printed-circuittype wave-measuring rods were used in connec- tion with automatic recording equipment to obtain necessary wave-height data.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Expansion of Santa Barbara Harbor, California;

Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-805,

Dec. 1967.

{601k) SAOTA BARBARA HARBOR, CALIF.

BREAKWATER STABILITY.

MODEL STUDY OF

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Los Angeles.

(e) The p\irpose of the study is to determine the

effectiveness of the proposed breakwater

sections in reducing transmitted wave energy

and to develop a breakwater section at a 1:100

scale that will transmit the same amoimt of

energy as transmitted at a 1:33 scale. Wave transmission tests were conducted in a con- crete wave flume 119 ft long, 5 ft wide, and

k ft deep on section models of the proposed

structures constructed to linear scales of

1:33 and 1:100. Model waves were generated

by a plunger-type wave machine and meas\jred

and recorded electrically.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Expansion of Santa Barbara Harbor, California;

Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-805,

Dec. 1967.

(6015) NOYO HARBOR, CALIF.

DESIGN.

MODEL STUDIES OF HARBOR

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., San Francisco.

(e) The plan of harbor improvement will entail

construction of two arms of rubble-mound-type

breakwater. One arm would stem from shore on the south side of Noyo Cove and extend 1100

ft or more in a northwesterly direction while

the companion ami would stem from the north

side of the cove. A navigation entrance into

the harbor not less than ^00 ft in width,

measured at -35 ft mllw, would be required.

Inside the harbor local interests wo\ild con- struct a lumber- loading pier or wharf about

1050 ft long.

The purpose of the investigation is to study

the effects of storm wave action and characteristics of the Noyo area on the proposed harbor

design and determine in advance of any prototype construction what, if any, design

modifications are necessary to ensure that

(a) wave heights during storms do not exceed

the selected criterion of 2 ft along the outer

600 ft of the proposed inner-harbor pier, and

(b) the minimum system of breakwater necessary

to satisfy finalized criteria for the harbor.

The l:100-scale model was of the fixed-bed type

and was molded of concrete except for the breakwaters which were constructed of rubble, sized

to simulate that required for prototype con- struction. The model reproduced sufficient area along the shoreline north, south, and

oceanward of the harbor site to ensure that

propagation of waves toward the problem area

was adequately simulated. Special emphasis

was placed on reproducing all wave-reflecting

and wave-absorbing characteristics of the

(f)

(g)

(h)

(6016)

(b)

(e)

prototype in all plan elements. A weir to permit simulation of Noyo River flood flow was also an element of the model. The model had an area of 5500 sq ft, equivalent to about 2 square miles in the prototype. Waves were generated in the model by a plmger-type wave machine, and electrical, printed-circuit-type

rods in connection with automatic recording

equipment were used to obtain necessary wave- height data.

Completed.

See (h). "Wave Action and Breakwater Location, Noyo

Harbor, California; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. TR 2-799, Nov. I967.

NOYO HARBOR, CALIF., MODEL STUDY OF BREAKWATER

STABILITY. (See also No, 6OI5).

U.S. Army Engr. Dist., San Francisco.

The harbor will be protected by rubble-mo\md

breakwaters which are permeable and allow small

amounts of energy to pass thro\jgh the struc- ture into the protected area. The purpose of

the study is to develop stable rubble-mound

breakwaters using quarrystone and molded con- crete armor units . Also the effectiveness of crown elevation of a concrete cap will be

investigated with respect to overtopping and

transmission of wave energy through the breakwater . Tests were conducted in a concrete wave flume

119 ft long, 5 ft wide, and k ft deep on section models of the proposed structures to

a linear scale of 1:61.'+. Model waves were generated by a plunger-type wave machine and

measured and recorded electrically.

Completed.

See (h).

"Designs for Rubble-Mound Breakwater, Noyo

Harbor, California; Hydraulic Model Investigation," Rept. MP 2-8kl, Aug. I966.

EAU GALIE OUTLET STRUCTURE, SPRING VALLEY,

Wise, MODEL STUDY.

U.S. Army Engr. Dist., St. Paul.

The purpose of the study is to ensure satisfactory performance of the intake structure

and appurtenances . Of primary concern was

the performance of the morning glory intaks

under anticipated heads up to 80 ft. A 1:20-

scale plastic model reproduced a portion of the

approach area, the morning glory intake, the

elbow below the intake, the horseshoe conduit, a stilling basin, and about kOO ft of the

exit channel. The morning glory intake was housed in a headbay which reproduced appropriate entrance conditions

.

Completed

.

See (h).

"Outlet Structure for Eau Galle Reservoir, Eau

Galle River, Wisconsin; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," Rept. TR 2-771+.

(6018) MONTEREY HARBOR, CALIF., MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., San Francisco.

(e) The approved project entails extension of the

existing rubble-mound-type breakwater about

1600 ft in an easterly direction to the west

side of a proposed i+OO-ft-wide navigation

entrance which would be formed by construction of a companion dogleg-aligned east breakwater about 2150 ft long that would

extend in a southeasterly direction to shore.

This expanded enclosure will provide increased

protection for the fishing fleet operating

(f)

(g)

(h)

(6017)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

202
from this tasin and will permit development of

greatly expanded recreational facilities

associated with boating and other water sports.

The piarpose of this investigation is to study

the effects of storm wave action on the harbor

associated both with the surge-type waves having periods ranging from about 25 to 300

sec and short-period waves considered to range from about 5 to 20 sec. Determination

of the effect of this range of wave conditions on the approved harbor expansion is re- quired in advance of actual construction to ensure that (a) selection of an optimiim navigation entrance to the harbor is possible

both with respect to width and position, (b)

the minimum amount of breakwater is \ased in

satisfying wave -protection requirements for

proposed inner-harbor development, and (c)

any resonance characteristics an otherwise

satisfactory harbor boundary may have are

fully investigated to permit optimum positioning of inner-harbor anchorage areas

.

The l:120-scale model was of the fixed-bed

type and was molded of concrete except for

the breakwaters which were constructed of

rubble, sized to simulate that required for

prototype construction. The model reproduced sufficient area along the shoreline

northerly, easterly, and oceanward to ensure

that propagation of waves shoreward was adequately simulated. The model had an area

of 7800 sq ft, equivalent to about ^4- square

miles in natxjre. Waves were generated by two sections of a vertical-bulkhead plunger-tjrpe wave machine which can be aligned so as to reproduce the average curvature of a wave

front bent by refraction as it travels through

shallow water. The generators, by use of

couplings, operated from a single motor power

source. Electrical printed-circuit-type wave measuring rods were used in connection with

automatic recording eqmpment to obtain

necessary wave-height data.

(f) Tests complete; report in progress.

(g) It was fomd that either of the two proposed

improvement plans tested would offer an improvement over existing conditions in the

harbor, and both of the plans would offer

approximately the same amount of protection to the harbor. The harbor basins responded to

some extent to several of the long-period

waves tested; however, no serious resonance

was noted. Wave and current conditions in

the newly formed basins of the proposed improvement plans compared favorably with those

in the existing small-boat marina.

(6019) FORT SMITH REACH, ARKANSAS RIVER, MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Little Rock.

(e) The purpose is to study navigation conditions

at the mouth of Poteau River and the two bridges at Fort Smith, Ark., to determine

modification required in the existing bridge;

and to develop a plan of regulating structures required to provide satisfactory navigation

conditions. The investigation was conducted

on a l:120-scale, semifixed-bed model, re- producing about 3-3 niiles of the Arkansas

River and adjacent overflow areas, the mouth

and about l.k miles of the Poteau River, one railroad and one highway bridge, and other

structures that might affect flow conditions.

(f) Tests complete; report in progress.

(g) Results indicated that: the navigation spans

in the two existing bridges would have to

to be modified; the flow from the Poteau

River wo\ild have little effect on navigation

except at maximum flow in the Poteau River and

little or no flow in the Arkansas River; the

stone-fill revetment along the right bank

above the mouth of the Poteau River should be

raised to prevent Arkansas River flows from

moving into the Poteau River channel; and

additional dikes would be required along the

left bank to provide sufficient depth for

navigation.

(6020) LOCK AND DAM NO. 1'+, ARKANSAS RIVER, MODEL

STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Tulsa.

(e) The purpose is to investigate navigation

conditions with the proposed structures, to determine the location and width of a navigation channel, and to develop a plan of regulating structures required to provide satisfactory navigation conditions. The investigation is being conducted on a l:120-scale

seiTiif ixed-bed model, reproducing about k-.2'y miles of the Arkansas River, Bruce Island,

Cherokee Chute, and adjacent overbank area

near Old Fort Coffee on the right bank and

Wilsons Rock on the left bank. The model also

includes the lock and dam structure and existing channel regulating structures.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Results indicate that satisfactory navigation

conditions can be developed with the locks and

dam at the site selected.

(6021) LOCK AMD DAM NO. IT, VERDIGRIS RIVER, OKIA.,

MODEL STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Tulsa.

(e) The purpose is to determine the adequacy of

the proposed channel dredging and realignment,

and to develop modifications which might be

required to overcome undesirable navigation

conditions. The investigation was conducted

on two l:120-scale, fixed-bed comprehensive

models. One model reproduced about 1.7

miles of the Verdigris River and adjacent over- bank area in the vicinity and upstream of

Lock and Dam Ho. 17- The second model reproduced about 2.1 miles of the Verdigris River

and adjacent overbank area downstream of Lock

and Dam No. 17

.

(f) Tests complete; report in progress.

(g) Results indicated that realignment of the banks

at the confluence of the navigation canal and

river would be required to provide satisfactory navigation ' nditions.

(6022) LOCK AND DAM NO. 8, i- ^KANSAS RIVER, MODEL

STUDY OF NAVIGATION C'^NDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, L_ttle

(e) The purpose is to investigate various plans of

regulating structures and to develop modifications as required for the development of a channel of adequate dimensions and satisfactory navigation conditions in the approaches

to the lock. The investigation is being

conducted on a movable-bed model reproducing

about 10 miles of the Arkansas River and

adjacent overbank areas to a scale of 1:120

horizontally and 1:80 vertically.

(g) Plans developed produced satisfactory channel

dimensions except in a few troublesome

reaches

.

(6023) LOCK CULVERT DISCHARGE BASINS, MODEL STUDY,

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Huntington.

203
(e) The purpose is to provide information on possible outlet basin information which could

be used to reduce the residual head across the

lower miter gates at completed projects or obviate it at projects proposed or under

construction.

A l:25-scale model of the lock culvert outlet

basin was constructed in an existing flume.

The model reproduced a 125-ft-wide section of

rectangular river channel. A 25-ft-wide by

75-ft-long tank located outside the channel

simulated a portion of the lock chamber. The

single culvert outlet basin located in the

channel section was conncected to the tank by

a 16- by 18-ft culvert. The shape and size

of the outlet basin were based on an outlet

design used at the Cannelton Locks.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Lock Culvert Outlet Basins; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," Rept. MP 2-'J9'^, Feb. I966.

(602'+) JOKES BLUFF LOCK AM) DAM, ALABAMA RIVER, MODEL

STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Mobile.

(e) The project involves the construction of a dam, a 68,000-kw power plant, and a '<-5-ft-lift, 8kby 600- ft lock 2k'^.h miles above the mouth of

the Alabama River. The project will provide

9-ft navigable depths for 80 miles upstream.

The purpose of the study is to investigate

conditions with the proposed plan and to develop modifications which might be required

to overcome any undesirable navigation

conditions

.

The investigation was conducted on a 1:100-

scale, fixed-bed comprehensive model that

reproduced the proposed structures and about

3.6 miles of the Alabama River and adjacent

overbank area.

(f) Test complete; report in progress.

(g) Results indicated that it would be necessary

to modify dredging along the left bank above

the lock in the upper lock approach, and

ports would be required in the upper guard

wall to provide satisfactory navigation

conditions during high flows . Alignment of

the right bank below the powerhouse and modification of the lower guard wall would be

required to overcome the effects of powerhoiase flow with no flow through the spillway.

A rapid increase in powerhouse flow could

cause difficiilty for upbound tows approaching

the lock. No difficulty was indicated for

normal powerhouse start. Lock emptying should

not generate velocities high enough to cause damage on the riverbank opposite the lock

discharge outlet.

(6025) TEXAS COAST HURRICANE SURGE MODEL STUDIES.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Galveston.

(e) The purpose is to determine the effectiveness

of hurricane surge protection plans for the

Galveston Bay complex. Other studies of bay

circulation patterns, salinity, shoaling

regimens, deep- and shallow-draft navigation,

fish and wildlife, and pollution will be

conducted in other available models and general

test facilities.

The Galveston Bay hurricane surge model reproduces the coast from Freeport on the south to High Island on Bolivar Peninsula, on the east. The model includes an average width of the

Gulf of Mexico of about 25 miles, measured

normal to the Gulf; all of the barrier

Islands in the bay interior, inclLiding its

many connecting arms, lakes, and lagoons; and

the coastal area within this sector up to a

maxim\jm elevation of 20 ft msl. The model

reproduces nonnal tides as well as Gulf surges

created by hurricane forces. The model is of

the fixed-bed type molded of concrete to linear scale ratios, model to prototype, of

1:100 vertically and 1:3000 horizontally.

Automatic tide generators reproduce normal

tides and tidal currents throughout the model,

the hurricane siirges will be reproduced by a horizontal-displacement type surge generator,

(g) Analysis of the results of tests conducted

during the year was not completed. However,

it was apparent that either of the two major

hxirricane protection plans would provide

protection for the area inland from the

barrier when the navigation openings were

closed. The Alpha plan, located on the

coastline of the Gulf of Mexico, would provide

protection for a greater area since it shelters

practically the entire area inland from the

coastline. The Gamma plan leaves unprotected

a major portion of West Bay, the entire city

of Galveston, and all of East Bay. The Texas

City, LaMarque -Hitchcock system, when com- pleted, will provide protection for these

towns from surges not in excess of 20 ft msl.

(6026) UMPQUA RIVER ESTUARY, OREG., MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Portland.

(e) The existing authorized project in the Umpqua

River entrance provides for a channel 26 ft

deep at mllw with no specified width for

about 5000 ft across the entrance bar, and

thence 22 ft deep and 200 ft wide to Gardiner

and Reedsport. The north and south jetties

at the river mouth are about 78OO and 38OO

ft long, respectively. A training jetty

inside the south jetty is 5500 ft long.

The purpose of the study is (a) to obtain

the optimum layout of a jetty system or other

structure to reduce crosscurrent action and

maintenance dredging of the entrance to a minimum, and (b) with the optimum for a guide, to adapt the existing jetty system to approach

the optimum to the limit allowed by economic

considerations

.

The model reproduces the lower Ik miles of

the Umpqua River and pertinent offshore areas

to linear scales of 1:300 horizontally and

1:100 vertically. An additional Ik miles of

the Umpqm River and 20 miles of the Smith

River are reproduced schematically in order

to include the upstream tidal reaches. All

portions of the model are initially of the

fixed-bed type, with provisions for converting

the entrance area to a movable-bed type if

movable-bed studies are required. Tides and

tidal currents, freshwater inflow, density

currents, waves, and other phenomena significant to the movement and deposition of sediments are reproduced and studied,

(g) "ixed-bed shoaling tests and tests to reduce

cross-channel currents indicated that the

best improvement plan tested would involve

extension of the training jetty to the outer

end of the south jetty (plan l) . Although the

model indicated that no appreciable improvement in shoaling was obtained for this plan,

the cross-channel currents were practically

eliminated.

(6027) GASTINEAU CHANNEL, ALASKA, MODEL STUDY.

20k
(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Alaska,

(e) The existing authorized project in Gastineau

I Channel provides for a channel 75 ft wide

I with a depth of 0.0 mllw from Fritz Cove to naturally deep water near Juneau, Alaska. The

, navigation channel is flanked by continuous

tidal flats having elevations as much as 15 ft

above the channel bottom for a distance of

about 3 miles.

The p-urpose of the study is to reduce shoaling

in order to maintain a suitable navigation

channel; various dike layouts which will

isolate the channel cut from the surrounding area will be investigated.

The model reproduces the westernmost 8 miles

of Gastineau Channel and Fritz Cove to linear

scales of 1:500 horizontally and 1:100 vertically. Tides, tidal currents, and freshwater

inflow significant to the movement and deposition of sediments are reproduced and studied.

All portions of the model are of the fixedbed type.

(g) Fixed-bed shoaling tests indicated that the

best plan for improvement would consist of

a 17,250-ft-long impermeable dike located

along the north side of the navigation channel.

This plan indicated a 90.5 percent in shoaling

for the k- by 75-ft channel, a 91-5 percent

reduction for the 12-by 150-ft channel, and an 8h.3 percent reduction for the 30- by

300-ft channel.

6028) FIRE ISLAND INIET, LONG ISIAND, K.Y., MODEL

STUDY.

b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., New York.

e) Fire Island Inlet, located on the south shore

of Long Island, N.Y., connects the Atlantic

Ocean with Great South Bay. The inlet is

about 3 miles long and approximately l/2 mile

wide, extending generally east and west between

Oak Beach on the north and the western end of

Fire Island on the south. Great South Bay,

the inland waterway to which Fire Island is

the main entrance, is a tidal body 25 miles

long and 2 to 5 miles wide with a general depth

of about 6 to 25 ft at mlw. Attempts have

been made to stabilize an entrance channel

through Fire Island Inlet with little success.

The purpose of the study is to provide ^.uan- titative data on the direction and velocity

of tidal currents under existing conditions

and with various proposed training structures

installed, and by qualitative movable-bed

tests to determine probable areas of erosion

and deposition. A movable-bed model, with scale ratios of

1:500 horizontally and 1:100 vertically,

reproduces all of Fire Island Inlet and a portion of the Atlantic Ocean. Tides, tidal

currents, and wave action in the Atlantic

Ocean are reproduced,

(g) It was tentatively concluded that the optimum

locations and dimensions of the littoral reservoir, the deposition area, and the connecting

channel have been determined; however, the

comprehensive testing program was not completed

and definite conclusions could not be made.

6029) EFFECTS OF PNEUMATIC BARRIERS ON SALINITY

INTRUSION, MODEL STUDIES.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Philadelphia.

(e) Prolonged drought conditions, plus diversion

of water from the Delaware Basin to supply

New YorK City, res'ulted in reduced upland

flows into the Delaware estuary. Upland flow

is the controlling factor in preventing the

upstream advance of the salinity front in the

estuary to the extent that the Philadelphia

water supply is contaminated. Other means for

retarding the advance of salt water up the

Delaware are being sought

.

The purpose of the study is to determine if

the additional agitation provided by pneijmatic

barriers would displace the salinity front In

a downstream direction for steady-state con- ditions, or retard the rate of advance of the

salinity front during periods of decreasing

upland flow. The work was accomplished on the existing Delaware River model. (See No.

^+25).

(f) Completed.

(g) The results of tests in the Delaware model

Indicated that pneumatic barriers would have

no significant effects on salinity intrusion

for either steady-state of transient conditions.

This is attributed to the fact that salt and

fresh water in the Delaware are well mixed

vertically by existing tidal forces, and

additional mixing by supplemental means has

little effect on the phenomena. The results

of the one test in the New York Harbor model

Indicate that the pneumatic barriers would be

very effective in reducing the extent of

salinity intrusion for steady-state conditions.

Additional testing to determine such things as the number of barriers required and the best

barrier locations is indicated.

(6030) WEST POINT DAM, CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER, GA.,

GENERAL MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Savannah.

(e) The project calls for a gravity-type concrete

spillway with crest gates across the main

river channel, a penstock intake section and

powerhouse, and a concrete nonoverflow section

along the right riverbank. Earth embankments

extend to high ground on each side of the

struct\are. The structiure will provide hydroelectric power, flood control, and more dependable streamflow for navigation and recrea- tional uses. The purpose of the study is to determine the

performance of the structure as affected by

flow conditions in the approach channel and

the development of a satisfactory energy

dissipator below the spillv;ay. Particular

emphasis was placed on the selection of a basin which would operate satisfactorily under

conditions of a high unit discharge and with

tailwater depths insufficient for ideal performance of either a roller-bucket or hydraulic-jump type basin.

The model tests were conducted on a l:60-scale

general model that reproduced about I7OO ft

of the approach, the spillway, powerhouse, and

1500 ft of the exit area. Sufficient overbank

areas on each side of the structure were provided to reproduce expected flow conditions

.

Initial study of the enery dissipator was conducted on a l:60-scale section model of the

spillway and stilling basin which was installed in a 1-ft-wide glass-sided flume. This

permitted observation of subsurface flow

conditions in the basin and facilitated modifications of the basin.

(f) Tests complete; report in progress.

(g) The model study indicated that due to insufficient tailwater depth the bucket-type energy

dissipator of original design was inadequate. A jump-type basin was developed which gave

205
satisfactory performance although the jump was not contained in the basin. Partial ener- gy dissipation within the basin was acceptable

because of sound rock below the structure. Although the capacity of the spillway was less

than expected, modifications to the spillway

abutments fixrnished desired capacity. Tests

also indicated that the presence of submerged

cofferdikes upstream of the structure had

little effect on discharge capacity.

(6031) WALNUT CREEK, CAUF., MODEL STUDY OF DROP

STRUCTURE

.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Sacramento.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine the

optimum size and configuration of the stilling

basins for drop structures 2 and 3? the sta- bility of the riprap downstream from the stilling basins, and the adequacy of the inlet

transition upstream from drop structure 2. A l:20-scale model reproduced approximately

570 ft of the trapezoidal channel downstream

from drop structure 2, the structure, I3OO ft

of the concrete-lined channel upstream from

the structure, the inlet transition, and 200

ft of trapezoidal channel upstream from the

transition. A second model, scale 1:20,

reproduced approximately 58O ft of the trapezoidal channel downstream from drop structure

3, the structure, and ll+OO ft of the concretelined channel upstream from the structure

.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Drop Structures for the Walnut Creek Project,

Walnut Creek, California; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," TR 2-730, June 1966.

(6032) OLD RIVER CONTROL STRUCTURE, LA., PROTOTYPE

TESTS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., New Orleans.

(d) Field study; applied research.

(e) The project, located on the Mississippi River

approximately 50 miles downstream from Vidalia,

La., consists of an 11-bay, ^t-Sii- ft-long gated

spillway. Flood control is obtained by diverting through the structure approximately one- fourth of the flow in the Mississippi River.

The purpose of the study is to measure vibration of the structure during periods of high

discharge and determine the magnitude of the

resulting displacements. Utilizing these

data, stresses caused by the dynamic response

of the structure will then be computed.

Accelerometers to measure vibration in the

principal directions were located on the piers,

gate guides, and crane rail of bays 6 and 10

as well as the left downstream wing wall and

the bridge walkway. Data were recorded on both magnetic tape and oscillograms.

(6033) KAYSINGER BLUFF DAM, OSAGE RIVER, MO.,

GENERAL MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Kansas City.

(e) Plans call for an earth- fill dam about 5000 ft long with a height of 97 ft above the valley

floor, a 4--bay gated overfall, a hydraulic jumptype stilling basin and an adjacent power

facility in the right terrace . The purpose of

the investigation is to study the adequacy of

the spillway and the performance of the

hydraulic j\jmp-type stilling basin with and

'without diversion throi;gh the powerhouse, flow

conditions in the outlet channel, and adequacy

of various sizes of riprap in the outlet

channel.

A l:60-scale undistorted model that reproduced

1400 ft of the approach and 190O ft of the

exit areas, the spillway, powerhouse, nonoverflow sections, and portions of the earth

embankment was utilized to conduct the study.

(f) Tests complete; report in progress.

(g) The discharge capacity of the original design

spillway was slightly less than expected;

however, the capacity was increased by increasing the radius of the alDutments. An

unstable surging of flow that occurred on the upstream side of the spillway gates with

the original design during operation with

large partial gate openings was eliminated by

decreasing the length of the gate piers up- stream from the gates . Although the original

design stilling basin performed satisfactorily,

a more economical and efficient design was developed. The discharges at which failure

of the riprap placed on the slopes of the

outlet channel will occur were determined.

{603k) BRANCHED OAK DAM, NEBR., MODEL STUDY OF OUTLET

WORKS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Omaha.

(e) The outlet works will consist of a rectangular

intake structure with two inlets (3-5 12 ft)

and a 6- by 12-ft riser shaft 30 ft high,

followed by an elbow and transition, a 6-ftdiam circular conduit 370 ft long, a flared

transition with a parabolic invert, an SAF

stilling basin, and an exit channel.

The piarpose of the study is to verify the

performance of the structure, and particularly

to ensure against undesirable characteristics

such as surging during transition from weir

control to pressure flow or excessive vibration under pressure flow.

A l:10-scale plastic model reproduced the

outlet works including the intake structure,

the elbow, the transition, the circular tunnel,

the outlet transition, the stilling basin, and

about 150 ft of exit channel. Pressures in

the model were determined by piezometers located in appropriate areas of the model. The

intake structure was installed in a baffled

headbay which reproduced the approximate

geometry and conditions at entry.

(f) Completed.

(g) Discharge characteristics, entrance losses,

flow conditions, and pressures throughout the

original design outlet works for Branched Oak

Dam were found to be satisfactory. The SAF

stilling basin provided adequate energy dissipation, and a practical scheme of riprap

protection for the exit channel was determined.

Although undesirable conditions were observed

with an increased height of the riser shaft,

it is considered that a balanced design for a similar structure with a relatively high

riser shaft can be obtained provided the

length and size of the conduit are such that

the resistance offered by the conduit is

sufficient to raise the hydraulic gradient

in the riser shaft to an elevation essentially

the same as that of the weir crest before the

upper pool elevation exceeds that of the

bottom surface of the cover plate.

(6035) BARREN RIVER DAM, BARREN RIVER, KY., STILLING

BASIN PROTOTYPE PRESSURE TESTS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Louisville.

(d) Field study; applied research.

(e) Barren River Dam is a l'j-6-ft-high earth dam

used for flood control, recreation, and low

206
flow augmentation. The outlet works are a three-gated intake structure and a 17-ft,

elliptically shaped tunnel with a 10,000-cfs

capacity. An uncontrolled, saddle-type spillway is located on the right abutment. The

stilling basin is kO ft wide with a single row of streamlined baffle blocks and an end

sill.

The purpose of the study is to measure average

and fluctuating pressures against the stilling

basin sidewall and on a baffle block. The

sidewall pressure magnitude and areal extent

will give useful data for the design of

similar stilling basins. Baffle pressures

will provide full-scale data on turbulence

pressure fluctuations and possible cavitation.

Prototype test facilities include four slots

for pressure transducer carriages and ten

embedded pressure transducer boxes on and

near a baffle block. A pressure transducer

will be installed on each carriage and

measurements made at various flow depths

.

Data will be recorded on oscillographs and

magnetic tape for later electronic correlation.

(6036) BAMKHEAD DAM, BLACK WAERIOR RIVER, ALA.,

SECTION MODEL STUDY OF SPILLWAY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Mobile.

(e) The existing spillway at John H. Bankhead

Lock and Dam, Black Warrior River, Ala.,

which has served its useful life, is to be

modified to provide an adequate structure

and, under present criteria, extend its

economic life 50 years.

The purpose of the investigation is to study

pressure conditions and discharge characteristics of the existing and modified spillways and qualitatively evaluate the effectiveness of an air-vent system. A l:30-scale

section model reproduced a k-9-tt-v±de gate

bay, and two adjacent half bays (net spillway

length 98 ft), and sufficient length of

approach and exit channels.

(f) Tests completed.

(g) Test results indicated that cavitation-range

pressures would be encountered with future

conditions on both the existing and modified

spillways. Aerating the low-pressure zones by means of air vents failed to raise pressures out of the cavitation range as the air

introduced (even compressed) did not spread

sufficiently in a lateral direction.

(6037) NEW BUFFALO HARBOR, NEW BUFFALO, MICH., MODEL

STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Chicago.

(e) The proposed small-boat harbor at New Buffalo

is located at the mouth of Galien River on the

southeast shore of Lake Michigan. This project is cosponsored by the Corps of Engineers

and local Interests. The harbor will be protected by the north and south breakwaters

which converge westward toward the entrance

in the form of an arrowhead to furnish an

enclosed area of about 8 acres. The proposed

200-ft navigation opening faces west and is

located about 8OO ft northwesterly from the

mouth of the Galien River. The entrance

channel is 80 to I80 ft wide by 10 ft deep

and 800 ft long. New Buffalo Harbor is used

as a base or port of call for light-draft

recreational and commercial fishing "''essels. The purpose of the study is to determine:

(a) the relative effects of waves of various

magnitudes that approach the problem area

from the most critical storm directions; (b)

the relative efficiency of the several

separate proposed plans of improvement in

protecting the harbor against storm-wave

action; and (c) whether design modifications

should be made to improve navigation and

harbor conditions during storms. The harbor model tests were conducted on a l:75-scale, undistorted, fixed-bed model,

constructed of concrete except for the breakwaters which simulated the stone characteristics of the proposed breakwaters. The model

reproduced all the inner-harbor area, the

breakwater system, and sufficient beachline

and offshore hydrography to permit simulation

of waves propagated toward the harbor from

the directions between north-northeast and

west. The model covered an area of 56OO sq

ft, approximately 1.1 square miles in nature. Waves were generated by a ^J-O-ft-long plungertype wave machine. Wave heights at selected

locations in the model were measured with

electrical printed-circuit gages, and were recorded electrically with a multichannel

oscillograph.

(f) Completed.

(g) (See (h).

(h) "Selection of Optimum Alignment, Length, and

Height of Breakwaters, New Buffalo Harbor,

Michigan; Hydraulic Model Investigation,"

Kept. TR 2-761, Feb. 1967.

(6038) MAGIC ISLAND COMPLEX, HONOLULU, HAWAII,

MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Honolulu.

(e) Magic Island is a land-reclamation project.

Fronting Ala Moana Park in Honolulu, approximately 120 acres of shallow coral reef will

be filled in to create new land for recrea- tional and associated commercial use. Ala

Wai Boat Harbor, a pleasure-boat harbor, lies to the east of the project; Kewalo Basin,

the home of Hawaii's commercial fishing fleet,

lies to the west. The purpose of the investigation is (a) to study wave action in Kewalo

Basin for existing conditions and following

the proposed construction; (b) to develop

remedial plans for alleviation of undesirable

navigation conditions and wave action in

Kewalo Basin; (c) to determine extent of

pollution in inner lagoon and develop a satisfactory circulation system therein; and

(d) to study wave action in Ala Wai Harbor

before and after proposed revisions to that

harbor

.

The three-dimensional, l:100-scale model was molded in cement mortar, and reproduced the

entire problem area and underwater contoiirs to an offshore depth of 80 ft. Sufficient

additional offshore area was included to permit generation of test waves from all

critical direction. Waves in the model were generated by an 85-ft-long wave machine; wave height data were secured by use of electrical

measuring and recording apparatus . Model

appurtenances also included a system for

manual reproduction of tide levels in the area

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Magic Island Complex, Including Kewalo Basin

and Ala Wai Boat Harbor, Honolulu, Oahu

Hawaii; Hydraulic Model Investigation,"

Rept. TR 2-767, April 1967-

207
(6039) HILO HARBOR TSUWAMI BARRIER, HAWAII,

STABILITY TEST OF NAVIGATION OPENING

STRUCTURE

.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Honolulu.

(e) The project will provide a breakwater or barrier across the entrance to Hilo Harbor,

Hawaii, to protect the harbor and the city

of Hilo against the attack of damaging

tsunami waves. A navigation pass will be

provided through the barrier. Passage of

tsunami waves will result in several minutes

of high-velocity flow thro\jgh the navigation

opening. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of tsunami-induced

high-velocity currents through the navigation

opening on stability of the barrier heads. Two model arrangements were used during the test program. Tests designed primarily to provide data on the stone size required for

stability of the barrier heads were conducted

in a 1:60- scale model which reproduced one- half of the navigation opening. Tests

conducted to provide information on channel

bottom or barrier toe protection were made

with the full navigation opening reproduced

at a scale of 1:72. Steady flow through the

opening with a head differential of 28 ft across the barrier was the basic test flow;

this represented the peak flow condition

caused by the design tsunami.

(f) Completed.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Steady Flow Stability Tests of Navigation

Opening Structiires, Hilo Harbor Tsunami

Barrier, Hilo, Hawaii; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," TR 2-71+2, Oct. I966.

(601+0) HILO HARBOR, HAWAII, MODEL STUDY OF BREAK- WATER STABILITY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Honolulu.

(e) Hilo Harbor is on the northeast coast of the

Island of Hawaii, about 195 nautical miles

southeast of Honolulu. The proposed plan to protect the harbor against seismic waves

(tsunamis) and short-period wind waves (sea

and swell) consists of extending the existing

breakwater westward to a total length of

about 10,570 ft, providing a navigation

opening 6OO ft wide and 35 ft deep, and con- structing a breakwater about l+OOO ft long on the west side of the harbor, extending

eastward. The breakwaters are to be constructed of quarrystone and concrete armor units

.

The purpose of the study is to develop a breakwater trunk section that will be stable

against the attack of seismic waves

(tsunamis) and short-period wind wave (sea

and swell) . Stability tests of the breakwater trunk when subjected to seismic waves (tsunamis) were conducted at a 1:50 scale

in a steel flume 23O ft long, 6 ft wide, and

1+ ft deep. Model seismic waves (bores) were generated by a pne\miatio-type bore generator,

and measured and recorded electrically.

Stability tests of the breakwater trionk when

subjected to short-period waves were conducted

at a 1:50 scale in a concrete wave flume 119

ft long, 5 ft wide, and 1+ feet deep. Model

waves were generated by a plunger-type wave

machine, and measured and recorded electrically . (f) Completed.

(g) Described in (h).

(h) "Stability of Rubble-Mound Tsunami Barrier,

Hilo Harbor, Hawaii; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," Rept. TR 2-792, Aug. I967.

(SOkl) CRESCENT CITY, CALIF., MODEL STUDY OF HARBOR

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, San Francisco.

(e) The purpose of the investigation is to study

the effects of storm wave action involving

short-period waves, 5 to 20 sec, on the existing harbor and with various proposed plans of

improvement installed in the model. These

proposed plans of improvement involve determination of (a) optimum arrangements for an

enlarged breakwater system, (b) effects on harbor wave action within an area inside the

harbor which would be dredged to and maintained at increased project depths necessary to satisfy navigation requirements for deeper

draft vessels, and the effects of wave action

on the small craft in existing marina areas and also the feasibility of possible marina

expansion should such action become desirable

in the future.

The l:125-scale model was of the fixed-bed

type, and was molded of concrete except for

the breakwaters which were constructed of

rubble, sized to simxilate that required for

prototype construction. The model reproduced

siifficient area along the shoreline north,

south, and oceanward of the harbor site to ensure that propagation of waves toward the

problem area was adequately simulated. The

model had an area of about 78OO sq ft,

equivalent to about 14-. l|- square miles in nature. Waves were generated by a 60-ft-long, plungertype wave machine. Electrical printed-circuittype wave measuring rods in connection with

automatic recording eqmpment were used to obtain necessary wave-height data.

(f) Tests complete; report in progress. The

testing program was completed, and preparation of the final report and filming of motion

picture sequences of the model tests were initiated

.

(g) Results of the model tests indicate that (a) wave action could be reduced to a satisfactory

level in the inner harbor basin by installation

of a i+OO-ft-long westerly extension of the

inner breakwater; and (b) a 2000-ft extension

of the existing outer breakwater along its

original alignment in conjunction with a 1200-ft-long companion breakwater extending

from Whaler Island would substantially improve

navigation and mooring conditions in the

harbor

.

(6OI4.2) LABORATORY RESEARCH ON DIKE DESIGN.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Districts, Memphis, Vicksburg

and New Orleans

.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine the

relative effectiveness of various factors,

such as alignment, elevation, length,

permeability, etc., in stablizing low-water

channels and in providing the required in- crease in depth.

The investigation is being conducted in a flume 230 ft long by 20 ft wide, including

two bends and a relatively long, straight

reach between bends . The study is of the

movable-bed type with a fine, uniform sand

used for bed material,

(g) Results indicated that use of vane-type dikes

with spur dikes would produce better results

than use of spur dikes only at considerably

lower cost in the closure of back channels.

Plans using vane-type dikes were developed
for use in two reaches of the Mississippi

River. The most promising dike designs are being built and tested in the field.

(6838) BELTZVILIiE DAM, POHOPOCO CREEK, PA., MODEL

STUDY OF OUTIET WORKS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Philadelphia.

(e) The outlet works consist of an inlet channel,

a controiled-type intake tower, a rectangular

conduit, stilling basin, and an outlet

channel. The purpose of the study is to investigate the hydraulic characteristics and

develop the optimum design of a selective

withdrawal outlet works

.

A l:20-scale model is being used in the study.

The model reproduces a sufficient area of

the reservoir to obtain natural conditions at

the intake, the intake structure and conduit,

the stilling basin, and about 100 ft of the

outlet channel. Fresh and salt waters are being used to simulate anticipated conditions

of stratification in the reservoir and

evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed

structure to selectively withdraw from the

desired levels of the reservoir,

(g) The flood-control intake and conduit performed satisfactorily. However, subatmospheric

pressures were detected in the original

design of the water q.mlity conduit, and

modifications to the conduit were made in an

effort to eliminate these conditions.

(6839) CHATFIELD DAM, SOUTH PLATTE RIVER, COLO.,

MODEL STUDY OF OUTLET WORKS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Omaha.

(e) The project calls for an ungated chute spillway in the left abutment for return of high

flows released from the reservoir to the

river approximately 0.7 mile downstream of

the dam axis. The outlet works are located

through the earth embankment about 2000 ft to the right of the spillway. Discharges from

the outlet works will reenter the river

downstream of the dam through a discharge

channel approximately 0.8 mile long. The

purpose of the study is to verify the performance of the structure with emphasis on the performance of the duckbill crest under

submerged conditions and the study of head

loss due to the duckbill and intake structure. A l:25-soale model reproduces a sufficient

portion of the reservoir area to obtain

natural conditions at the intake, the duckbill

crest, the intake structure, the conduit, the

stilling basin, and about 200 ft of exit

channel.

(f) Suspended.

(g) The original design stilling basin provided

adequate enery dissipation for the full range

of discharges anticipated without excessive

scour in the downstream exit channel.

( 681+0) COPAN DAM, LITTLE CAWEY RIVER, OKLA., MODEL

STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Tulsa.

(e) The project provides a flood-control reservoir about 2 miles southwest of the town of

Copan, Okla. The spillway will be on the

right abutment of the dam and will contain

four 5O- by 35.5-ft tainter gates. The weir

crest will be at elevation 696.5. The stilling basin will consist of a 132.5-ft horizontal apron at elevation 665.5' The piarpose

of the study is to investigate stilling basin

performance, exit flow conditions, flow conditions over the retaining dike, and the sta- bility of riprap on the dike and dam embankments . The investigation is being conducted on a l:60-scale model that reproduces the spillway,

1600 ft of the exit area, and sufficient over- bank area on each side of the structure,

(g) Tests indicated that the original basin can be

shortened.

(68UI) HUGO DAM, KIAMICHI RIVER, OKLA., MODEL STUDY

OF SPILLWAY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Tulsa.

(e) The project provides for a flood-control

reservoir on the Kiamichi River approximately

150 miles south of Tulsa, Okla., and will include a gated spillway with a gross crest length of 290 ft at an elevation of 387.5.

Earth embankments with tops at el '+52.5 extend

to high ground on each side of the structiore.

The structure will provide flood control and

more dependable streamflow. The purpose of the

study is to investigate approach flow con- ditions, exit flow conditions, optimum elevation of the stilling basin apron, discharge

characteristics of the structure, and flow

conditions in the vicinity of two bridges

located downstream of the structure

.

The investigation was conducted on a 1:60-

scale general model that reproduced 16OO ft of the approach, the spillway, I6OO ft of the

exit area, and sufficient overbank area on each side of the structure.

(f) Tests complete. Final report in progress.

(g) Tests indicated that the original design spur dikes and abutments created an undesirable

periodic surging of flow and fluctuations of

the upper pool water-surface elevation as great as I5 ft in the vicinity of each abutment. The undesirable flow condition was eliminated by removing the spur dikes near

the abutments

.

(68i+2) KAW DAM AND RESERVOIR, ARKANSAS RIVER, OKLA.,

MODEL STUDY OF SPILLWAY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Tulsa.

(e) The ogee spillway (crest elevation of 997-5)

consists of eight 50-ft-wide by i+7-ft-high

tainter gates. The purpose of the study is to investigate approach and exit flow conditions,

discharge characteristics of the structure,

and wave heights in the vicinity of the downstream embankments.

The investigation is being conducted on a l:100-scale general model that reproduces

3000 ft of the approach, the spillway, 2500 ft

of the exit, and sufficient overbank area on each side of the structure

.

(g) Tests of the original spillway design were conducted to obtain approach and exit velocities, water-surface profiles, spillway

calibration data, and wave heights in the

vicinity of the downstream embankments. Various

basins were tested. Scour tests were conducted

to determine the design of the left training

wall. The right training wall was modified

to reduce the wave heights in that area. Tests indicated that approach flow conditions

and discharge characteristics with the original

design were satisfactory. The length and

height of the left training wall were increased

in order to reduce the scour hole downstream

from the basin and wave heights along the

embankments

.

209
(6814-3) MERAMEC PARK RESERVOIR, MERAMEC RIVER, MO.,

MODEL STUDY OF OUTLET WORKS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, St. Louis.

(e) The project provides a vertical-faced weir

upstream of the proposed gated intake struc- ture for control of the temperature of water

discharged downstream. Releases will pass over the weir and throi^gh the intake structure

and llt-ft-diam, concrete-lined tunnel into a conventional stilling basin and the exit

channel. The purpose of the investigation is to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed

water temperature control weir to selectively

withdraw surface and near- surface waters from

a stratified reservoir.

A l:'4-0-scale model is being used to reproduce

an 800-ft-long by 500-ft-wide portion of the

reservoir, the approach channel, weir, and the

intake structure . Overbank areas are molded

in concrete to prototype contours . The outlet

works and water quality control weir are constructed of sheet metal. Salt and fresh

waters are used for simulating a two-layer

stratified reservoir.

(68'4-i+) NEW HOPE DAM, CAPE FEkB. RIVER BASIN, W.C.,

MODEL STUDY OF OUTLET WORKS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Savannah.

(e) The structure will be constructed across the

Haw River immediately below the mouth of the

New Hope River and will include a multilevel

intake structure and the adjoining outlet

works consisting of a 19-ft-diam conduit

approximately 330 ft long and a conventional

hydraulic- jump type stilling basin. The

purpose of the investigation is to determine

the hydraulic characteristics of the proposed

intake structure and outlet works including

pressure conditions, discharge capacity, flow

conditions, and stilling basin performance.

Flow conditions through and discharge capacities of the multilevel intakes are of

particular interest since they are related to water quality interests.

A l:20-scale model that reproduced a 200-ftwide, 300-f't-long portion of the reservoir,

the intake structure and conduit, the stilling

basin and a 350-ft-wide, 500-ft-long section

of the exit channel was used for conduct of

the study.

(f) Tests completed. Final report in progress.

(g) The adequacy of the original design multilevel

intake structure was confirmed. Discharge

characteristics and pressiares throughout the

outlet works were satisfactory for all conditions and the plan of operation anticipated in

which releases will be provided through either

the flood-control conduit intakes or the multilevel intakes. Selective withdrawal characteristics through the multilevel intakes indicated

that the proposed structure will provide

effective regulation for control of the quality of water released downstream of and from

the stratified reservoir. Performance of the

original design stilling basin was inadequate

and the model was vised to develop a satisfactory stilling basin as well as a plan of protective stone for the side slopes of the

downstream exit channel.

i68k'3) REND LAKE RESERVOIR, BIG MUDDY RIVER, ILL.,

MODEL STUDY OF SPILLWAY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, St. Louis,

(e) The project provides for a flood-control

reservoir on the Big Muddy River approximately

210

50 miles north of Cairo, 111., and will include an uncontrolled spillway with a gross crest length of lt-35 ft at el klO msl. Initial plans

provided a 25-ft-wide notch with crest elevation of hO'y in the center of the structure

for the purpose of releasing flows up to

1000 cfs, the bank-full capacity of the downstream channel. The piorpose of investigation

is to study the adequacy of the spillway,

stilling basin, and exit channel protective

stone

.

Model tests were conducted with a l:l6-scale

section model that reproduced 120 ft of the

spillway (approximately 30 percent of the

total) including the notched section and two

adjacent 52-ft-wide portions of the spillway

with crest elevation of I+IO. Approach and

exit channels were reproduced for distances

of 250 and 300 ft, respectively. Upon com- pletion of tests of the notched portion of

the spillway, the model was revised to investigate flow conditions in the vicinity

of the right abutment

.

(f) Tests complete. Final report in progress.

(g) Tests indicated that the original, 25-ft-wide,

ogee-shaped notched section shoiold be revised

to a broad-crested notched section of 31-ft

width and that the impact-type stilling basin

(32 ft long by I4-O ft wide) downstream of the

notched section should be recessed 2 ft lower

than the main stilling basin. Elements in

the stilling basin were revised to provide more efficient energy dissipation. Flow

conditions in the vicinity of the right

abutment and in the approach and exit channels

were satisfactory, and the exit channel

riprap remained stable throughout all tests.

{68k6) STUDIES OF SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL FROM STRATI- FIED RESERVOIRS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Districts, Savannah and

Phi ladelphia.

(d) Experiment and analytical; applied.

(e) Research initiated to assist in the design

of multilevel intake structtires for the

purpose of selectively withdrawing quality

water from various levels of a stratified

reservoir. The purpose is to determine the

effect of the size and shape of an orifice on selective withdrawal characteristics from a stratified reservoir and to determine the

limits of the zone of withdrawal, which will

aid in locating monitoring systems.

The model facilities consist of a 1-ft-wide

by 20ft-deep by 2';- ft-long transparent plastic

flume connected to a 15-ft-wide by k2.'y-ftlong forebay. Fresh water and salt water are used to simulate a two-layer stratification

of a given density differential. An orifice

located in a removable plastic plate is

installed across the flume. The flow through

the orifice is regulated by setting up various

head differentials across the plate. Instrumentation consists of a digital thermometer

and several thermistors for keeping a record

of temperatures throughout the system and a conductivity probe for determining the density

profile.

(g) Basic data obtained with a number of different

density differentials and various elevations

of the interface relative to the square orifice

confirmed the general form of the equation

developed by A. Craya for a circular orifice

and indicated the value of the constant of

proportionality to be 1.90.
68k^) TOCKS ISIAMD DAM, DEIAWAKE RIVER, PA., GENERAL

MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Philadelphia.

(e) The project is part of a comprehensive plan

for development of water resources of the

Delaware River Basin. The proposed structure

is located approximately 5 miles upstream of

the Delaware Water Gap and 7 miles northeast

of Stroudsburg, Pa. The project calls for a chute spillway (gated) in the left abutment

to return high flows released from the reser- voir to the river approximately IO5O ft downstream of the dam axis. An intake structure and powerhouse together with outlet works are included in the same general area. Discharges from the outlet works will reenter

the river downstream of dam through a separate

stilling basin. The purpose of the study is to verify the performance of the structure

with emphasis on approach conditions to the

spillway, stilling basin performance as affected by outlet works releases, and the

location of the outlet works stilling basin.

Two models are being used in the study, (a)

A l:60-scale general model reproduces the

entire spillway and outlet works and about

2200 ft of approach and 3000 ft of the exit

area. Sufficient overbank area is reproduced

to simxilate expected flow conditions, (b) A

l:61;-scale spillway model was used to determine

the possibility of combining energy dissipation features of the spillway and outlet

works

.

(g) The model study indicated that with anticipated tailwater depths the original basin

design was unsatisfactory. A jump-type basin

at a 10-ft lower elevation was developed which

gave satisfactory performance although the

jump was not contained in the basin. Sound

rock below the structure made partial energy

dissipation in the basin acceptable. The

capacity of the spillway was acceptable and

modifications to the spillway abutments re- duced contractive effects and turbulence in

the approach. Periodic surging in the gate

bases was eliminated by widening the spillway

bays. Satisfactory rock protection was developed along the downstream toe of the nonoverflow embankment

.

681+8) TIDES AND CURRENTS IN TIDAL WATERWAYS. (See

also No. 6klk, Mass. Inst, of Tech., p. 72).

(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(d) Analytical; applied.

(e) The project involves evaluating of the various

methods used or proposed for computation of

tides and cxarrents in estuaries and tidal

canals . The study will be carried out in

three phases: (a) A quantitative analysis of

the effect of various approximations used in

the "Brown's Reflected Wave Theory" and

"Pillsbury's Slope Method," the two existing

methods in common use for the prediction of

vertical rise and fall of the tide and tidal

flow patterns, to ascertain which (if either)

of the various approximations may best be

applied in any specific problem, and to pave

the way, if possible, to other methods of

calculation that would eliminate any shortcomings that may be revealed in the existing

calculation methods, (b) Check of the

calculations of the first phase with data

determined from existing tidal estuaries and/

or canals, and from experiments conducted in

laboratory models or other apparatus; work

under this phase will include recommendation

for the aforementioned laboratory investigation, close liaison therewith, and full use of data derived therefrom, (c) Final development of a method of calculating tides and

tidal currents in canals and estuaries. The

purpose is to develop an accurate method for

computing tides and currents in estuaries and

tidal canals

.

(g) The computer program developed by MIT, under

contract to WES, for predicting tides and

currents in tidal waterways was applied to several routes for the proposed Isthmanian

Sea-Level Canal, for a wide variety of tidal

conditions, at the request of the U.S. Army

Engineer District, Jacksonville. Work by MIT

was continued on preparation of a report

describing the method developed and the related computer program.

(6849) CHESAPEAKE BAY, MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Balltmore.

(e) The purpose is to provide assistance In developing plans to improve the hydraulic,

salinity, pollution, shoaling, and hurricane

tide conditions that exist in the Chesapeake

Bay Basin.

The model will be of the fixed-bed, siltinjection type with linear scale ratios of

1:1000 horizontally and 1:100 vertically, and

will reproduce a portion of the Atlantic Ocean,

all of Chesapeake Bay and the tributaries up to the limit of tidal action. The model will

reproduce adjacent overbank areas up to the

±20- ft msl contour. Tides and tidal currents

will be reproduced in the model by automatic

tide control machines and the appropriate freshvater inflow will be introduced into all major

tributaries entering the bay. Observed prototype salinities will be produced in the ocean

and by portion of the model, and provisions will

be made for injecting silt into the model to simulate shoal deposits in the prototype.

Studies of the dispersion of various contaminants will be made by releasing permanent dyes

and tracing the movement of concentration with

respect to time after release of the dye.

(6850) HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL, RADIOACTIVE SEDIMENT

TRACER TESTS. (See also Wo. 5214-5, p. 197).

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Galveston.

(c) Field study; applied research.

(e) The purpose is to trace the movement of radioactive sediment in order to determine how

shoals are formed in the prototype so that the

model can be adjusted, if necessary, to react

in a similar fashion.

Various pieces of equipment were used for

activating, placing in the channel, and tracing

the sediment. The isotope gold I98 was utilized in the activation phase. The isotope

was mixed with sample sediment in a special

tank from which it was removed and placed on the channel floor by water pressure. A

scintillation detector was attached to a sled

pulled along the bottom for measuring activity.

The activity was received and recorded by

electronic equipment on the test boat,

(g) Rapid movement of sediment upstream was observed in the channel and very little movement

occurred downstream. Very little sediment

v;as detected moving out of the channel up into

tributaries of the channel.

(6851) MATHEMATICS OF FLOW IN TIDAL INLETS.

211
(b) Office, Chief of Engrs., Dept. of the Army.

(e) The project involves development of methods

for computing current velocities and flow

distribution in tidal inlets. All work on this project was accomplished by G.H. Keulegan

and J.L. French of the National Bureau of

Standards, and technical supervision of the

work was accomplished by the Committee on Tidal Hydraulics.

(h) "Tidal Flow in Entrances; Water-Level Fluctuations of Basins in Communication with

Seas," G.H. Keulegan, Tech. Bull. No. Ih,

Committee on Tidal Hydraulics.

(6852) SAN DIEGO BAY, CALIF,, MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Los Angeles.

(e) The proposed second entrance is needed to alleviate navigational hazards and delays,

harbor congestion, and pollution problems.

The purpose is to determine the effects of a second entrance to the bay across the

soxithern portion of Silver Strand on the

hydraulic regimen, circulation, pollution, and

shoaling patterns of the Bay and adjacent

areas

.

The san Diego Bay model is of the fixed-bed

type with a vertical scale of 1 ft (model) to 100 ft (nature) and a horizontal scale of

1 ft (model) to 500 ft (natiu-e). The area

covered by the model extends from Just north

of Point Loma to just south of the southern

extremity of the bay and oceanward to the

100-ft contoiar of depth, representing approximately 108 square miles of prototype area. The model itself covers an area of about

12,000 sq ft. The model reproduces to scale

all the hydrualic factors present in nature,

such as tidal heights, current velocities,

and circulation patterns.

(6853) SHOOTERS ISLAND, N.Y., MODEL STUDY OF NEW

YORK AND NEW JERSEY CHANTIELS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, New York.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine the

effects of the removal of Shooters Island

and widening Arthur Kill to provide terminal

berthing areas on tides, currents, circulation patterns, and shoaling in adjacent

navigation channels

.

The study was conducted in the existing com- prehensive, fixed-bed model of New York harbor

which reproduces Lower and Upper New York

Bays; Jamaica, Raritan, and Newark Bays; a portion of Long Island Sound; the East,

Harlem, Hackensack, Passaic, and Raritan

Rivers; and Hudson River from The Battery to Hyde Park, N.Y. The model scale ratios,

model to prototype, were 1:1000 horizontally

and 1:100 vertically. Tides and tidal

currents were reproduced by tide generators

located at the downstream limits of Lower New

York Bay and Long Island Sound. Ocean

salinities were reproduced to scale along with

upland freshwater inflows so that the effects

of salinity differences on the vertical distribution of current velocities and salinities

throughout the model accurately reproduced

those of the prototype. Shoaling tests were made by injecting finely ground gilsonite into

the model, allowing the material to be distributed by the currents, retrieving the shoal

material from predetermined areas, and determining the volume retrieved from each area.

(f) Completed.

(g) It was concluded that construction of the terminal, including removal of Shooters Island,

would have no adverse effects on navigation

conditions, maintenance of the Kill Channels,

or circulation patterns in the Kills and

lower Newark Bay.

(h) "Effects of Removal of Shooters Island and

Shore Modifications on Tides, Currents and

Shoaling in the Kill Channels; Hydraulic

Model Investigation," Rept. MP 2-953, Dec.

1967.

(685'+) DARDANELLE LOCK, ARKANSAS RIVER, ARK., MODEL

STUDY OF FILLING AND EMPTYING SYSTEM.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Little Rock.

(e) The filling and emptying system for the lock

will comprise two intake manifolds, a ll*-.5-ft- wide by 13-ft-high culvert in each wall, a lateral crossover culvert at the midpoint of

the lock leading to four longitudinal culverts

with side ports, and culvert outlets which

empty riverward of the lock in the common outlet basin. Reverse-mounted culvert valves

will control flow in the system. The purpose

of the study is to investigate the suitability

of a longitudinal floor culvert system for

filling and emptying the lock under heads and

submergences which will obtain at Dardanelle

Lock site.

A l:36-scale test facility was used to develop

the crossover culvert entrance. A l:25-scale

general model reproducing the 67O- by 110-ft

lock chamber, the culvert system, and outlets

was used to study filling and emptying at the

Dardanelle Lock.

(f) Tests completed; report in progress.

(g) Tests of 15 longitudinal floor culvert

arrangements resulted in the selection of the

type 13 arrangement as the most satisfactory.

With a '^k-ft lift, this arrangement permitted

the lock to be filled by normal two-valve

operation in 8.'+ min (l-min valve) with a maximum hawser stress of about 5 tons. Pressures downstream from the filling valves

and turbulence in the lock chamber also were satisfactory with these operating conditions.

Results of single valve operation tests indicated that an 8-min valve time, resulting in an l8.2-min filling time, was required to obtain satisfactory hawser stresses and

reasonable pressures downstream from the

valve during this type operation.

(6855) KASKASKIA RIVER ILL., NAVIGATION PROJECT MODEL

STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, St. Louis.

(e) The project provides for 50 miles of channel

enlargement and realignment from Fayettevi lie,

111., to mouth; alterations to bridges to obtain proper clearance; and construction of a

low, gated dam s-urmounted by two 60-ft-wide

by 30-ft-high tainter gates, and a 600-ft-long

by S^t-ft-wide navigation lock located at mile

0.8. Purpose of the investigation is to study

navigation conditions in the approaches to the

lock, and flow conditions in the vicinity of

the dam and to develop modifications which

might be required to overcome any undesirable

conditions

.

The investigation was conducted on a 1:120-

scale, fixed-bed, comprehensive model, reproducing 2 miles of the fCaskaskia River and

adjacent overbank to the levee on the right

side and to the railroad embankment on the

left side, 1.8 miles of the main Mississippi

River channel, and the lock and dam structures.

212
(f) Tests completed; report in progress.

(g) Results indicated the need for modification

of channel alignment in the reach upstream

of the lock and dam.

(6856) LOCK AND DAM KO. 13, ARKANSAS RIVER, MODEL

STUDY OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Little Rock.

(e) The purpose of the investigation is to study

navigation conditions in the lock approaches,

determine the effects of existing and proposed

channel rectification works and additional

works that may seem desirable to produce

satisfactory navigation conditions, and determine effects of a proposed bridge crossing

at the lock and dam.

The investigation is being conducted on a l:120-scale, semifixed-bed, comprehensive

model, reproducing about 7 miles of the

Arkansas River, adjacent overbank areas, the

lock and dam structures, and other structixres

that might affect flow conditions

.

(g) The study has resulted in the development of

some of the modifications required to improve channel dimensions and navigation

conditions through the reach.

(6857) LOCKS AND DAM NO. 26, MISSISSIPPI RIVER,

MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., St. Louis.

(e) The project involves the improvement of

navigation conditions on the Mississippi River

in the vicinity of Alton, 111., through modification of the existing locks and dam or relocating the locks and dam about 2 miles

downstream of the existing dam, and maintaining navigation project depths of at least

9 ft for all flows.

The purpose of the study is to determine the

arrangement of the locks at the existing site

and at a new location about 2 miles downstream,

which would provide the best navigation con- ditions in the upper and lower lock approaches.

The investigation is being conducted on a l:120-scale, fixed-bed, comprehensive model,

reproducing about 6.8 miles of the Mississippi

River, adjacent overbank areas, the locks and

dam structures, a railroad and highway bridge,

and other structures that might affect flow

conditions

.

(6858) NEWBUEGH LOCK, OHIO RIVER, MODEL STUDY OF

FILLING AND EMPTYING SYSTEM.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Louisville.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine

whether the flow distribution through the

chamber ports is affected by the relative

location of the first port and the filling

valve

.

A l:25-scale model which reproduced only the

portion of the main Newbxjrgh Lock between filling and emptying valves is adequate for the

purpose of the model investigation. The

1270- by 110- ft lock was reproduced. The

model includes li4--ft-wide by l6-ft-high

culverts, sidewall" port manifold, and reverse- mounted culvert valve to control flow. Other

features of the system remained as they were

in an earlier study.

(f) Tests completed; report in progress.

(g) General conclusions drawn from the study were:

(a) Minimum pressure occurred when the valve

was k-O-60 percent open, (b) The low pressure

area downstream from the filling valve exten- ded about 105-110 ft (7 times culvert height)

and was essentially independent of lift and

valve time, (c) The first port of the manifold must be at least this far from the valve

before it can be expected to discharge near

its share of the total flow during the valve

opening period, (d) Hawser stresses measured

with the port manifold at three different

positions with respect to the valve showed no appreciable difference in maximum stresses for

the same hydraulic conditions and valve time

.

(6859) SMITHLAND LOCKS AND DAM, OHIO RIVER, GENERAL

MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Nashville.

(e) The Smithland Locks and Dam is a part of the

overall navigation improvement project on the

Ohio River to replace all of the original

movable dams and their locks with modern highlift locks and gated dams . The purpose of the

study is to determine the optimum location and

alignment of the locks and dam; to investigate

shoaling and erosion tendencies; and to develop modifications which might be required

to overcome any undesirable conditions.

A l:150-scale comprehensive model, which can

be converted from fixed to movable bed, re- produces the proposed structures and about

8.5 miles of the Ohio River and adjacent over- bank area to the bluff lines. The model also

reproduces a short reach of the Cumberland

River above its junction with the Ohio River,

(g) Results indicate that satisfactory navigation

conditions could be developed at the site se- lected for the locks and dam structures

.

Improvements in navigation conditions could be

obtained by widening the upper lock approach

and revising the dike along the right bank,

and by dredging a portion of the right bank

and realigning the dike along the right bank

in the lower lock approach.

ANSOWIA-DERBY LOCAL PROTECTION PROJECT,

HOUSATONIC AND NAUGATUCK RIVERS, CONN., MODEL

STUDY.

U.S. Army Engrs., New England Division.

The project will provide flood protection to properties on both sides of the rivers in the event of the standard project flood. The

purpose of the study is to ensure adequacy

of floodwall and dike grades, to determine

channel velocities for use in design or riprap

protection, and to determine if and where

economies can be affected in construction of

the project.

A l:120-scale model Is being used to reproduce

approximately 4000 ft of the Housatonic River

and 16,000 ft of the Naugatuck River including

10 bridges, a floodwall approximately i+JOO ft

long, and riprap-lined dikes along the rivers.

(f) Tests completed; report in progress.

(g) Flow conditions were poor and water surfaces were higher than expected in the upper reach of

the project. Several alternative designs and

a satisfactory design were developed for this

area. Water-surface profiles and bottom

velocities were obtained throughout the full

reach of the project for the final design with

both the design and maximum capacity discharges.

(6861) ARKANSAS, VERDIGRIS, AND GRAND RIVERS CONFLUENCE, MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Tulsa.

(e) The project Involves the improvement of the

Arkansas River for navigation from the vicinity

of Tulsa, Okla., to its junction with the

(6860)

(b)

(e)

213
Mississippi River. The 9-ft-deep channel

will be provided by a system of locks and

dams and channel regulating and stabilization

works . The channel will have a minimum width

of 250 ft in the Arkansas River reach and

150 ft in Verdigris River reach with lock

chambers 110 by 6OO ft.

The purpose of the study is to investigate

varioiis plans of regulating structures and to develop modifications required for the development of a channel of adequate dimensions and

satisfactory navigation conditions in the

vicinity of the confluence of the three rivers.

A movable-bed model with scale ratios of

1:120 horizontally and 1:80 vertically reproduces the Arkansas River from about river

mile to k62.5, plus about l^OOO ft each

of the Verdigris and Grand Rivers and adjacent

overbank areas

.

(6862) VAN BUREN REACH, ARKANSAS RIVER, MODEL STUDY

OF NAVIGATION CONDITIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Little Rock.

(e) The purpose of the investigation is to study

navigation conditions at the three bridges

at Van Buren, Ark., to determine modification

required in the existing railroad bridge, the

interstate highway bridge under construction,

and the proposed relocation of the highway

bridge, and to develop a plan of regulating

structures to provide satisfactory navigation

conditions.

The investigation is being conducted on a l:120-scale, semifixed-bed and movable-bed

model, reproducing about k.2 miles of the

Arkansas River and adjacent overflow areas, the mouth of Lee Creek, one railroad, and two highway bridges, and other structures that

might affect flow conditions,

(g) The results indicated the best alignment for

the channel through the reach and the need

for additional regulating structures

.

(6863) BURNS WATERWAY HARBOR, IWD., MODEL STUDY OF

STABILITY OF PROPOSED BREAKWATER.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Chicago.

(e) Burns Waterway Harbor will be located on the

south shoreline of Lake Michigan about 10

miles east of Gary, Ind. The proposed harbor

will be exposed to storm-wave action from

directions between north and N33-l/2°E. The

harbor will be protected by a rubble-mound

breakwater which is permeable and will allow

some wave energy to pass over and through the

breakwater into the protected area. The purpose is to determine the stability of the

proposed breakwater designs, develop alternate

designs, if necessary, and investigate the

effectiveness of the proposed breakwater in

reducing transmitted energy. Tests were con- ducted in a concrete wave flume 119 ft long,

5 ft wide, and k ft deep on section models

of the proposed structures constructed to a linear scale of 1:35« Model waves were generated by a plunger-type wave machine and

measured and recorded electrically.

(f) Completed.

(g) Described in (h)

.

(h) "Stability of Proposed Breakwater, Burns

Waterway Harbor, Indiana; Hydraulic Model

Investigation," Rept. TR 2-766, March I967.

{686k) CHAGRIN RIVER, EASTLAKE, OHIO, MODEL STUDY

OF WAVE PROTECTION STRUCTURES.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Buffalo.

(e) The project provides for revision of river

channel and installation of protective struc- tures to minimize wave action generated in Lake

Erie and allow satisfactory passage of flood

flows throi;igh the river, which will enhance

navigation of recreational small craft. The

purpose of the study is to determine the

optimum size, location, and orientation of proposed wave protection structures at the Chagrin

River entrance with respect to wave action and

the free passage of flood flows through the

river

.

A l:75-scale undistorted model, molded in

cement mortar, will be used in the investigation. The model will include the lower portion of the river channel and connected slips

and basins and adjacent areas of Lake Erie.

Underwater contours will be reproduced to a prototype depth of about 25 ft and sufficient

additional area will be included for generation of storm waves from the significant

directions of approach. A ^lO-ft-long wave machine and electrical wave-height measuring

apparatus will be utilized in model operation.

A water-circulating system will be included for

simiilation of the river flows.

(6865) CRESCENT CITY CALIFORNIA, THEORETICAL STUDY

OF TSUNAMIS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., San Francisco.

(d) Theoretical; applied.

(e) The study consists of (a) the preparation of

refraction diagrams of tsunamis which affect

Crescent City, Calif., and (b) the estimation

of the frequency of occurrence of tsunamis of

different amplitudes from the different

directions of approach to Crescent City, Calif.

The wave refraction diagrams will provide

information for a proposed hydraulic model

study by showing the wave patterns and directions as the tsunami approaches Crescent City

from various point sources in the Pacific.

The frequency-of-occurrence study should provide part of the information necessary for

determining the feasibility of various proposed

protective schemes.

(6866) HUMBOLDT BAY, CALIF., MODEL STUDY OF DESIGNS

FOR JETTY REPAIRS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, San Francisco.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine the

stability of designs proposed for repairing

the head or seaward ends of the existing

damaged jetties

.

Stability tests are proposed in the WES threedimensional flume. A scale of 1:50 has been

tentatively selected. Model waves will be

generated by a paddle-type wave machine, and

will be measured and recorded electrically,

(g) The results of the preliminary tests showed

that model waves of sufficient -size to displace 100-ton blocks could be generated in the

three-dimensional flume. On the basis of the

information obtained from the preliminary tests,

a model scale of 1:50 was tentatively selected

for use in testing prototype cubes weighing

100 tons.

(6867) KAWAIHAE HARBOR, HAWAII, MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Honoliilu.

(e) It is proposed that the present harbor be ex- panded by widening the entrance channel,

enlarging the turning basin, and constructing

a small-boat basin in the rear of the harbor.

It is expected that these revisions will
improve navigation conditions in the harbor

and provide a safe anchorage for small craft.

The purpose of the investigation is to: (a)

study wave action in the harbor for existing

conditions and following the proposed harbor

revisions; (b) develop remedial plans for

alleviation of undesirable navigation conditions and wave action in the harbor basin and

entrance channel as necessary; and (c) study wave action in the proposed small-craft basin

for several design variations.

The three-dimensional wave-action model was molded in cement mortar to an undistorted

scale of 1:100, model to prototype, and re- produced the entire harbor area and imderwater contours to an offshore depth of 90 ft

.

Sufficient additional offshore area was included to permit generation of test waves from all critical directions. The total area reproduced in the model was approximately 7500

sq ft, representing about 2.7 square miles in nature . Waves in the model were generated by

a 52-ft-long wave machine, and wave-height

data were secured by the use of electrical

meas\aring and recording apparatus.

(f) Completed.

(g) Described in (h).

(h) "Expansion and Revision of Kawalhae Harbor,

Hawaii; Hydraulic Model Investigation,"

Kept. TR 2-806, Dec. I967.

(6868) MISSION BAY, CALIF., MODEL STUDY OF HARBOR

DESIGN.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Los Angeles.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine the

relative effects inside the harbor of waves of

various magnitudes that approach the harbor

site from the more significant storm directions, and to develop remedial plans as re- quired to relieve any undesirable wave action

in the harbor basins.

The three-dimensional wave action model is

molded in cement mortar to an undistorted

scale of 1:100, model to prototype. The

model reproduces the entrance channel,

Quivera Basin, Glen Rick Cove, and the underwater contours to an offshore depth of 60 ft.

Sufficient additional offshore area is included to permit generation of waves from all

critical directions. The total area reproduced in the model is approximately 15,500

sq ft, representing about 5-6 square miles

in nature . Waves in the model are generated

by a 60-ft-long, plunger-type wave machine.

Electrical printed-circuit-type wave -mea sirring

rods are used in connection with automatic

recording equipment to obtain necessary wave- height area.

(6869) PORT SAN LUIS, CALIF., MODEL STUDY OF HARBOR

MODIFICATIONS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Los Angeles.

(e) It is proposed that the existing harbor be

modified to provide a safe, year-round, smallcraft mooring area for approximately I5OO

pleasure craft and 2k0 commercial fishing

boats. The proposed mooring area would be

protected by four breakwater structures with

a total length of approximately 66OO ft, and access to the harbor would be through two

i+OO-ft entrances. The purpose of the investigation is to study wave action in the harbor for existing conditions and with the proposed harbor revisions

installed, and to develop remedial plans for

alleviation of undesirable wave action and

navigation conditions in the inner harbor

and entrance channels as found necessary.

The three-dimensional wave-action model is

molded in cement mortar to an undistorted

scale of 1:100, model to prototype. The model

reproduces the entire harbor area and underwater contours to an offshore depth of 60 ft. Sufficient additional offshore area is- included to permit generation of test waves from

all critical directions of wave approach.

The total area reproduced in the model is

approximately 12,250 sq ft, representing about

k.k square miles in nature. Waves in the

model are generated by a 60-ft-long wave

machine, and wave-height data are secured by

the use of electrical measuring and recording

apparatus

.

(6870) VERMILION HARBOR, OHIO, MODEL STUDY.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Buffalo.

(e) The purpose of the study is to determine the

optimum size, location, and orientation of

proposed wave protection structures at the

entrance to Vermilion Harbor. A l:75-scale

undistorted model, molded in cement mortar,

will be used in the investigation. The model

will include the harbor and adjacent areas

of Lake Erie. Underwater contours will be

reproduced to prototype depth of about 25 ft,

and sufficient additional area will be

included for generation of storm waves from

the significant directions of approach. A

50-ft-long wave machine and electrical wave- height measuring apparatus will be utilized

in model operation.

(6871) BOEUF RIVER, BIG AND COLEWA CREEKS, ARK. AND

lA., MODEL STUDY OF LOW WATER WEIRS.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Vicksbxirg.

(e) The project involves enlargement of the Boeuf

River channel and two cutoffs from mile 32.6

to its junction with Big and Colewa Creeks

at mile h-'y.Q, enlargement of Big and Colewa

Creeks from mile 0.0 to mile 75-3? and

construction of 11 low-water control weirs in

the channel of Big and Colewa Creeks. The

purpose of the study is to test several plans

to develop an effective, economical drop

structure ; to study flow conditions and

determine protective stone requirements.

A l:20-scale model reproducing one-half the

channel section through a low water weir was

used to test different drop structures. The

weir was constructed of sheet metal. Limestone rock with specific gravity of 2.63 was used to simulate riprap. The downstream

channel was molded in sand during early tests and in coal during later tests. A second

l:20-scale section model was constructed in a 2.5-ft wide glass flume for more general

riprap tests

.

(f) Test complete; report in progress.

(g) Critical flow conditions were defined. Two basic drop structure plans were found to provide satisfactory operating characteristics

and effective protection against damage to the

structure. General design data, relating

unit discharge and required tailwater elevations, were developed for two different

riprap sizes.

215
(6872) CANAL DENSITY CURBENTS.

(b) USAE Nuclear Cratering Group.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The purpose is to determine if density cur- rents will be a significant parameter to be

considered in presently proposed sea-level

canals . The study, complemented by theoretical predictions based on the results of the

laboratory study, is directed to determining

velocity conditions resulting from density

differences within the canal and how the

velocities relate to navigation requirements

for the canals.

The study is being conducted in a plastic

flume connecting two tidal basins with a side

channel located at the center of the flume

to simulate a freshwater river intercepting

the canal. Test procedure includes the adjustment of the desired tides in each basin

to simulate the desired flows in the flume,

and the introduction of the freshwater flows

of interest into the side channel and monitoring the resulting salinities, velocities,

and tidal heights throughout the system.

The results form the basis for prediction of

the resulting velocity profiles of the

prototype for specific tidal and freshwater

inflow conditions.

(6873) NUCLEAR EXCAVATED CHANNELS.

(b) USAE Nuclear Cratering Group.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied

research.

(e) When nuclear explosives are used to excavate

a desired navigation channel through terrain

of varying elevation, the size and charge

placement will result in a channel of varying

widths and depths. These resulting and

contractions of the channel become significant when the hydraulics of the channel are considered. Problems result in predicting

the head loss through the channel as well as velocity distribution throughout the channel.

The purpose of this study is to define the

extent of head loss in channels with the

range of expansions and contractions of

present interest, and in addition, the effect

of the expansions and contractions on the

resulting velocity profiles.

The study will be conducted in two flumes

constructed within WES Coastal Inlet Research

Facility B. The first flume will be used to define the head loss and velocity distribution within a straight uniform channel of

cross-sectional shape similar to a channel

resulting from a nuclear explosive. The

second flume will be used to define the head

loss and velocity distribution of a channel

with expansions and contractions of interest.

The channel in the second flume will have a mean hydraulic radiiis and mean cross-sectional area duplicating the same parameters of

the straight uniform channel. The resulting

difference between the tests in the straight

channel and the nonuniform channel will

provide a basis for predictions of the effects

of expansions and contractions. All work

will be conducted in model dimensions with

the model results extended to prototype

ranges for a final prediction.

(6871+) SUMMERSVILLE DAM, MODEL STUDY OF HOWELLBUNGER VALVE.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. District, Huntington.

(e) The Summersville Dam outlet works consist of

a 29-ft-diam tunnel I7OO ft long discharging

through a manifold system of three 11-ft-diam

conduits averaging 210 ft in length. The out- flow is controlled by a 9-ft Howell-Bunger

valve at the downstream end of each 11- ft

conduit. Flow from the valve is confined

by a 20-ft-diam hood.

Operation of the prototype valve resulted in

a portion of the conical jet being turned up- stream into the valve pit after its impingement on the hood. Model tests are being

conducted to study the adequacy of various

schemes in eliminating or reducing the undesirable backspla,sh.

The investigation was conducted on a 1:20.6-

scale model that reproduced the valve, valve

pit, hood, and 100 ft of the approach tunnel.

Piezometers were located in the approach

tunnel to determine pressures in the area of

the upstream butterfly valve . The valve pit

and hood were constructed of clear plastic

to permit observation of the backsplB,sh.

(f) Tests completed; report in progress.

(g) Tests indicated that approximately 60 percent

of the backsplash could be eliminated by

installing 3-ft-long lOWF k9 beams on 10-

degree centers around the Inside periphery of

the hood. The beams reduced backsplash by

intercepting the jet, creating turbulence, and

increasing the demand and entrainment of air.

Various collector rings located upstream of

the beams were found to be beneficial in

reducing the backsplash to a satisfactory

degree as well as a scheme which utilized

the beams in a diverging, conical arrangement.

Less backsplash was observed as the hood

diameter was increased.

(6875) RIPRAP REQUIREMENTS IN CHANNELS.

(b) Office, Chief of Engineers.

(e) Theoretical and experimental investigations

regarding the adequacy of various sizes of

crushed stone and gravel in resisting flow in

straight and curved reaches of trapezoidal

channels of varying hydraulic radii will be

conducted to obtain basic data for development

of a satisfactory theory and appropriate

design criteria regarding the stability of stone in flowing water.

(6876) SUMMERSVILLE LAKE, PROTOTYPE VALVE TEST.

(b) U.S. Army Engr. Dist., Huntington.

(c) Field study; applied.

(e) Summersville Lake is impounded by a rockfill

dam, 375 ft in height, and is used for flood

control. The outlet work consists of an

intake structure, 29-ft-diam operating tunnel,

three 11-ft-diam outlet conduits, and one

3-ft-diam low-flow outlet pipe . The outlet

conduits are controlled by 132-in. butterfly

and 108-in. Howell-Bunger valves in tandem.

An uncontrolled, saddle-type spillway is

located 3500 ft west of the right abutment.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the

nature and magnitude of vibrations which had

previously resulted in severe damage to the

Howell-Bunger valves in order to set limits

for safe operation, and to measure vibration

conditions in the valves as rebuilt with

heavier components.

Radial vibrations of the Howell-Bunger valve

body and the radial gate were measured on two

of the Howell-Bimger valves. Average piezometric pressures upstream from the butterfly

216
valves, fluctuating pressures just downstream

from the butterfly valves, and fluctuating

pressures at the upstream side of the HowellBunger valves also were measured. The rebuilt

Howell-Bunger valves will incorporate pressure

transducers in the vanes and body, strain

gages on the vanes and body to indicate the nature of the vibrations, and accelerometers

in the cone at the downstream end of the valve,

(g) Results During Year — Some relation appeared

to exist between the pressure fluctuation's and

the valve vibrations . Any vortex trail from

the butterfly valve seemed to be too low in

frequency to contribute significantly to the

vibration. The indicated vibration displacements were very low, but their relation to displacements and stresses in other parts of

the valve was not known.

pressure AP during swirling flow relative to

w non-swirling flow varied primarily with the

initial angular momentum flux and was essentially independent of Reynolds number.

A value of the pressure ratio greater than

unity will indicate presence of swirling flow,

and when AP as a function of the initial w

angular momentum flux is known for a system,

AP may be used as measure of the swirl level.

/ \ w

(h) Thesis available at the Library, Univ. of

Iferyland, and from University Microfilms, Inc.,

Ann Arbor, Michigan.

U.S. DEPARTMEMT OF COMMERCE, mTIOKAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Fluid Meters Section , Washington, D.C. 20235

(6881) DECAY OF SWIRLING, TURBULEHT FLOW OF

INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS IN LONG PIPES.

(b) Naval Ordnance Systems Command; in cooperation with Dept. of Mech. Engrg., Univ. of

Maryland.

(c) Dr. David W. Baker, Research Engr., NBS.

(d) Experimental; basic research; doctoral thesis.

(e) Purpose: to study the decay of swirling flow

fields in steady, incompressible flow from

measurements made in two cylindrical, unobstructed, smooth pipes. In one pipe, 5-75

inches ID by 27O inches long and flowing water, mean point velocities, static pressures and

wall pressures were measijred at several sta- tions along the pipe. In the other pipe,

1.180 inches ID by 120 Inches long and flowing liquid hydrocarbons of kinematic

viscosities of about 1.2 and 3-5 centistokes,

measurements were made of wall pressure and

the swirling motion of the fluid, as sensed

by a vaned rotor having a dlamter nearly that

of the pipe. For the vortex flows generated,

the product k/MD varied from 0 to 0.9, where

K is the angular momentum flux or swirl level,

M is the axial momentum flux, and D is the

pipe Inside diameter. Reynolds number (based , on D and the mean axial velocity) ranged from

12,500 to 200,000.

(f) Completed.

(g) Tangential velocity and angular momentum profiles verified that an initial forced vortex

motion develops toward a free vortex field as caused by the action of viscosity at the wall.

The radial static pressure gradient was verified to vary nearly directly with the

centripetal acceleration. For two stations

spaced an axial distance Ax/d diameters, it

was found k/k = e"^'^'''''^, where 3 is a swirl

' o

' decay parameter and K is the angular momentum

flux at the upstream station. A definite

dependency of g on Reynolds number was noted

ranging from g = 0.020 ± O.OO5 at Re = 200,000

to e = O.OkO ± 0.005 at Re = 12,500. However,

this scatter of O.OO5 and larger values of g ranging to O.O7 at Re = 15,000 for data from

additional sources demonstrate dependence of

g on the inlet geometry and, possibly, the

angular momentum flux and turbiilence characteristics. The ratio of the differential wall

217

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Hydraulic Section , Washington, D.C. 202 31*-

(2J+35) HYDRAULICS OF CULVERTS.

(b) Bureau of Public Roads, U.S. Dept. of Transportation.

(c) Mr. John L. French, Hydraulic Engr., NBS.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To determine hydraulic characteristics of

various types of culvert entrances and to develop inlets of improved design.

(f) Completed.

(g) Inlets of improved hydraulic capacity were developed.

(h) "Tapered Inlets for Pipe Culverts," John L. French, Jour. Hydraulics Dlv., A.S.C.E. Vol.

90, No. HY2, Proc. Paper 38'+5, PP- 255-299,

March, 196h.

The following progress reports have been Issued

to the Bureau of Public Roads, and are distributed only by that agency:

"First Progress Report on Hydraulics of

Culverts - Hydraulic Characteristics of Commonly Used Pipe Entrances," John L. French,

Natl. Bu. Standards Rept. No. kkkk, Dec. 1955-

"Second Progress Report on Hydraulics of

Culverts - Pressure and Resistance Characteristics of a Model Pipe Culvert," John L. French,

NBS Rept. h911, Oct. 1956.

"Third Progress Report on Hydraulics of

Culverts - Effect of Approach Channel Characteristics on Model Pipe Culvert Operation,

John L. French, NBS Rept. 5306, June 195?.

"Fourth Progress Report on Hydraulics of

Culverts - Hydraulics of Improved Inlet Struc- tures for Pipe Culverts," John L. French, NBS

Rept. 7178, Aug. 1961.

"Fifth Progress Report on Hydraulics of

Culverts - Nonenlarged Box Culvert Inlets,"

John L. French, NBS Rept. 9327, June I966.

"Sixth Progress Report on Hydraulics of

Culverts - Tapered Box Culvert Inlets," John

L. French, NBS Rept. 9355, June I966.

"Seventh Progress Report on Hydraulics of

Culverts - Tapered Box Culvert Inlets with

Fall Concentration in the inlet Structure,"

John L. French and Herbert G. Bossy, NBS

Rept. 9528, July 1967.

{kkOO) MOTION AROUND A BODY IN A STRATIFIED FLUID.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Wavy.

(c) Mr. Karl Lofquist, Physicist, NBS.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied research.

(e) A study is made of the Internal waves produced by the horizontal motion of spheres

through a stably stratified liquid.

(g) Experiments and analysis completed; final

report in progress.
(h) "On Spheres and Doublets in Stratified Flows,"

Karl Lofqiiist, presented at Intl. Conf. on Stratified Flow, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor,

April 1967 and to be issued as UBS Report

covering aspects of the theoretical work.

( 11-892) TURBUUSKT SHEAR FLOW THROUGH COMPLIANT WALLED

TUBES.

(t>) (c)

(f

(5613

(c

(d

(e

(c

(d

(e

(g

(5615

(h

(c

(d

(e

of the

NBS

Navy.

(6013

Office of Naval Research, Dept.

Dr. G. Kulin, Hydraulic Engr.

Experimental; basic research.

Investigation of effect of compliancy of

boundaries on a turbulent flow with a view

toward possible damping of turbulence and

potential reduction in wall shear stress. Suspended.

RESPONSE OF A DENSITY- STRATIFIED LIQUID TO

A SOURCE OR SINK IMPULSE.

Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

Mr. Karl Lofquist, Physicist, NBS.

Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

A study of the internal waves produced by

the sudden inflation or contraction of a small

spherical membrane sitmted within stratified

liquid.

Some theoretical work has been completed.

INTERACTION BETWEEN LONG WAVES AMD SUPERPOSED SHORT VAVES.

Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

Dr. G. Kulin, Hydraulic Engr., NBS.

Experimental; basic research.

Investigation of the change of form of the

shorter waves, and of the effect, if any, on damping of the longer waves

.

Experiments in progress.

INTERCOMPARISON OF TOWING TANK AUD WATER

TUNNEL CALIBRATIONS OF CURRENT METERS.

Laboratory project.

Ivlr. John L. French, Hydraulic Engr., NBS.

Experimental; basic and applied research.

Investigation of wall interference and

turbulence effects on cxarrent meter calibrations in water tixnnels.

Calibration of 20-inch diameter working sec- tion is under way.

DAMPING OF SHALLOW-WAVES:

ABLE INFORMATION.

SUMMARY OF AVAIL-

(b) Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) Dr. G. Kulin, Hydraulic Engr., NBS.

(d) Analytical; basic research.

(e) A state-of-the-art review of viscous damping

of waves, with analysis of available theoretical and experimental results.

(g) Report in progress.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, WEATHER BUREAU, Environmental Science Services Administration,

Washington, D. C. 20235

(5664-) STREAMFLOW FORECASTING RESEARCH.

(b) laboratory project.

(c) Mr. William E. Hiatt, Assoc. Director of

Weather Biareau (Hydrology).

(d) Theoretical and field; applied research.

(e) In Washington, D.C., and at River Forecast

Centers throughout the U.S., phenomena are being investigated for improved objective

forecasts of stream-flow. These phenomena

include (l) storage and movement of rain and

snowmelt throxagh the soil, including the influence of evapotranspiration, and (2)

routing of flow in natural channels

.

(g) Major results are adaptation of field procedures to digital computer operation at several River Forecast Centers, using a more sophisticated model than was possible earlier.

Computer operations have been expanded to two additional River Forecast Centers

.

(h) "General Estimates of Free-Water Evaporation,"

M.S. Kohler and L.H. Parmele, Water Resources

Research, Vol. 3, No. h, pp. 997-1005, I967.

"Estimating Incident Terrestrial Radiation

Under All Atmospheric Conditions," E.A. Anderson and D.R. Baker, Water Resources

Research, Vol. 3, No. k, pp. 975-988, I967.

(615U) HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR DESIGN

CRITERIA.

(t)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

Several Federal agencies engaged in water

management programs

.

Mr. William E. Hlatt; see (5661f) above.

Largely theoretical; basic and applied.

Preparation of estimates of probable maximum

precipitation, meteorological conditions for

maximum snow accumulation and melting,

hurricane wind fields, and rainfall intensityfrequency for design of spillways and other

water-control structures and programs.

Detailed description and results are reported

in the Water Resources Research Catalog.

"Meteorological Conditions for the Probable

Maximum Flood on the Yukon River Above Rampart,

Alaska," Hydromet. Rept. Wo. h2, 97 pages,

May 1966.

"Probable Maximum Precipitation, Northwest

States," Hydromet. Rept. No. U3, 228 pages,

Nov. 1966.

"Meteorological Estimation of Extreme Precipitation for Spillway Design Floods," Vance

A. Myers, WBTM Hydro- 5, 29 pages, Oct. I967.

"Normal Monthly Number of Days with Precipitation of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and h.O Inches or more in the Conterminous United States,"

John F. Miller and R.H. Frederick, Tech.

Paper No. 57, 52 pages, 1966.

"Rainfall Frequency Maps for Arizona, New

Mexico and Colorado, " prepared by Special

Studies Branch, Office of Hydrology, Weather

B\ireau (individual maps), 1967-

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC

LABORATORIES , Environmental Science Service Administration, 901 South Miami Ave., Miami, Fla. 33130-

(6055) SHALLOW WATER TIDE PREDICTIONS

(b)

(c)

Laboratory project jointly with Coast and

Geodetic Survey.

Bernard D. Zetler, Acting Director, Physical

Oceanography Lab., Atlantic Oceanographic Labs.

Experimental; applied research.

To develop technique for predicting more accurately tides in Cook Inlet, Alaska, for

navigational requirements of deep-draft oil

tankers

.

Completed

.

(g) Improved tide predictions for times of high

and low waters, range of tide and shape of

curve

.

"A Harmonic Method for Predicting Shallowwater Tides," B.D. Zetler and R.A. Cummlngs,

Jour. Marine Res., Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 103-117,

Jan. 15, 1967.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(h)

218
U.S. DEPABTMEMT OF THE INTERIOR, BUREAU OF KECLAMA.- TIOM, Div. of Engineering Laboratories , Denver

Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225

Inquiries concerning the following projects, unless

otherwise indicated, should "be addressed to: Office of Chief Engineer, Bureau of Reclamation,

Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colo. 80225.

(2959) STILLING BASINS FOR SLIDE GATE CONTROLLED

OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Data from several models of hydraulic jump

basins were used to develop tentative design

curves for an efficient, economical stilling

basin for use with slide gate control for high

head outlet works and a general purpose model

facility was used to develop design curves for

a plunge-type basin.

(f) Suspended.

(g) The plunge basin indicates an advantage over the hydraulic jump basin in the necessary

length to contain the hydraulic jump. Impact

forces on the floor of the plunge basin may be a controlling factor in the design. Recommendations for continuing work in this study are presented.

(h) "Progress Report VII--Research Study on Stilling Basins, Energy Dissipators, and Associated

Appurtenances--Section I3, Stilling Basins for

High Head Outlet Works With Slide-gate Control

(Preliminary Studies)," D.L. King, Rept. No.

Hyd-5ij-l+, May I965.

(3278) CAVITATION OF CONCRETE SURFACE IRREGULARITIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research and design.

(e) Into-the-flow offsets with abrupt edges,

chamfered edges, and rounded edges were tested

to determine the velocity-head relationships

for incipient cavitation.

(f) Inactive.

(3612) DISCHARGE COEFFICIENTS FOR RADIAL GATES,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental, laboratory and field investigations; applied research.

(e) Radial gates are used extensively in irrigation systems for discharge and water surface

level control. Intelligent operation of the

systems requires that the rate of flow passing

the gated structure be known. Literature

research resulted in an analytical approach

and adjusted equation for the gate capacity

with unsubmerged flow.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Analysis of model data for several USER lowhead radial gate installations resulted in

design curves for determining discharge capacity. Curves are grouped according to number

of gates

.

(h) Report in preparation.

( 399^1-) HYDRAULIC JUMP CHUTE BLOCK AND BAFFLE BLOCK

PRESSURES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A spillway stilling basin model has been

constructed to study chute block and baffle

block pressures and to relate these pressures

to the Froude number of the entrance flow

and to tailwater depth.

(f) Suspended.

(g) An analytical expression for determining the

average minimum Instantaneous pressure on chute blocks in one particular type of stilling basin was determined.

(h) "Progress Report VI -Research Study on Stilling

Basins Energy Dissipators- -And Associated

Appurtenances: Section 12--Stilling Basin

Chute Block Press\ires (Basin II)" G.L. Beichley, Rept. Wo. Hyd-5li)-, May 8, 1963-

(it 791) HIGH-VELOCITY JET ON PROTECTIVE COATINGS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for operation and maintenance.

(e) A 100- fps, 1- inch-diameter jet was impinged

at 't-5 degrees on protective coverings proposed for application on concrete surfaces

to be subjected to high-velocity flow.

(f) Completed.

(g) All protective coatings tested, in which the

surface was unbroken, withstood the jet for

k hours. All coatings tested in which a broken or cut surface extended to the concrete

were ripped from the concrete test blocks in

less than 5 minutes.

(h) "Resistance of Selected Protective Coatings

for Concrete to High Velocity Water Jets,"

D. Colgate, Rept. No. Hyd-5ll3, April 1965.

(4792) CAMDIAN RIVER AQUEDUCT CHECK TOWERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Laboratory tests were made to determine the

hydraulic losses and air-entrainment potential of check towers to be installed in the

125-mile-long Canadian River Aqueduct. The

aqueduct consists of 3^-, 60-, and 66-lnchdiameter concrete conduit. The check towers

are so designed that the top of each is

slightly below the hydraulic grade line when

the aqueduct is flowing full. Each check

tower consists of a 90 degree vertical bend to direct the conduit upward, a l80-degree return

bend at the top of the tower, and a 90-degree

bend at the bottom of the downstream leg to return the conduit to the original allnement

.

There is a 22-inch air vent at the top of each

tower

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Head loss was determined for each size check

tower. During filling or evacuating the tower

air was entrained in the downstream leg and

carried into the horizontal conduit. A 36- inch-diameter vent was installed 120 feet

downstream from each tower to release the

entrained air.

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Flow Character

Istics and Air Entrainment in the Check Towers

of the Main Aqueduct, Canadian River Project,

Texas," D. Colgate, Rept. No. Hyd-555, June

1966.

(1^79^^-) VERTICAL STILLING WELL.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Applied research.

(e) The purpose is to obtain the optimum size,

depth, and internal configuration of vertical

stilling wells for high-head discharges. The

test installation has a ^4— foot by if-footsquare well 6 feet deep, followed by a canal

with a 4-foot bottom width and l-l/2:l side

slopes. An adjustable downspout is symmetrically located in the well and discharges

against the flat floor. Piezometers are

219
located in the floor and lower sidewalls of

the well. Adjustable corner fillets provide a means for determining optimm fillet angle,

size, and height.

(g) Optimum well dimensions have "been determined

for a range of wave heights in the downstream

canal

.

(h) Preparation of report temporarily suspended.

{h802) STUDIES ON ORIFICES FOR AUTOMATIC RADIAL GATE

CONTROLS.

(b) Laboratory project,

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) The studies are for the piirpose of determining

flow characteristics and discharge coefficients

for various size orifices in floatwell intakes of automatic radial gate controls. A

1:1 scale model of a floatwell intake struc- ture was constructed to determine discharge

coefficients of the irregular orifice configuration in the regulating structure.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Although the test arrangements differed substantially from arrangements for which data

are presently available, measured coefficients compared closely with existing data.

(h) Report in preparation.

(U807) MORROW POINT DAM SPILLWAY AND OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:2k scale model was constructed to aid in

the development of the unusual design of the

spillway and outlet works for the thin-arch

concrete dam. The original design, consisting

of a free overfall spillway and an outlet

works located near the bottom of the dam, was abandoned because of undesirable flow conditions in the artificially formed stilling

pool at the base of the dam. The present

design includes four fixed-wheel gate con- trolled conduits near the top of the dam which

discharge 3^j^00 cfs, allowing it to fall

approximately il-OO feet to the stilling pool.

The small slide-gate-controlled outlet works

in the lower portion of the dam and the underground powerplant tailrace channels are also

included.

(f) Completed.

(g) Model studies have proven the acceptability

of the present design. Design of the control

weir which forms the stilling pool was modified and the two inside spillway conduits

were tipped downward to provide more even distribution of impact of the free-falling

jets. Revisions were made to the topography

of the downstream river channels to improve

flow conditions in those areas.

(h) Hydraulic Model Studies of Morrow Point Dam

Spillway, Outlet Works, and Powerplant," D.L. King, Rept, No. Hyd-557, April I966.

(14.951+) SAN LUIS FOREBAY PUMPING PLANT INTAKE

TRANSITIONS,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:15 scale model was used to compare head

loss, velocity distribution, and flow patterns

in various configxirations of canal transitions

to pumping plant intakes.

(f) Completed,

(g) On the basis of velocity distribution and

surface flow patterns in the transition and

pump intake bays a symmetrical transition

was found to be more desirable than an

angled transition. Head losses were too small

to justify comparison on this basis. The

angled transition was chosen for the final

design after consideration of economic factors.

Numerical methods and a digital computer were

used to analyze the large volume of velocity

data.

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Canal Transition at the Forebay Pumping Plant, "D.L. King,

Rept. No, Hyd-5i4-2, J\xne I965,

"Comparison of Intake Transition Designs for a Large Pumping Plant," D,L, King, Conference

Preprint 371, ASCE Water Resources Engrg,

Conf,, Denver, Colo,, May I966.

(l(-958) AIR DEMAND TESTS ON 84- INCH JET FLOW GATE--

TRINITY DAM, CALIFORNIA,

(b) Laboratory project,

(d) Field investigations,

(e) Field measiorements were obtained to compare

model and prototype air demand for the

complete range of gate openings at maximum

operating head (369 feet) on the gate. A

laboratory model study was made to obtain

centerline velocity coefficients for the

prototype air duct to provide for quantitative

analysis of field measurements.

Completed.

Maximimi velocity in the air supply condmt was within design limits.

Publication not anticipated.

FIAT BOTTOMED TRAPEZOIDAL VENTURI FLUMES,

Laboratory project.

Experimental; for design,

A pilot study of a single flume is being con- ducted to determine the best approach to a comprehensive program to generalize the

design and calibration of this type of water

measuring device,

(g) The model study has demonstrated that the

particular pilot flume tested is an adequate

measuring device.

Report in preparation.

PROTOTYPE PIEZOMETRIC AND AIR DEMAND MEASUREMENTS OF k- BY ij-FOOT TANDEM GATE- -NAVAJO DAM,

NEW MEXICO.

(f)

(g)

(h)

(^+959)

(d)

(e)

(h)

{k960)

(b) Laboratory project,

(d) Field investigation.

(e) To compare the model and prototype, piezometric

measurements were obtained for the complete

range of gate openings with a head of l6k.'y

feet. Prototype air demand measurements were made simultaneously with piezometric values

to evaluate adequacy of the air supply system.

Further tests are planned at heads of about

230 feet and 3OO feet to more fully evaluate

the hydraulic characteristics of this gate

and to check the model scaling.

(f) Inactive pending prototype measurements at higher heads,

(U962) LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF THE REMOVAL OF

SALT WATER FROM A TWO-PART AQUIFER USING TILE DRAINS INSTALLED IN THE UPPER MEMBER, AND

PUMP WELLS INSTALLED IN THE LOWER AQUIFER.

(See also Water Resources Research Catalog,

2.0196, Vol. 2),

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Applied research,

(e) Tests were performed on a l6-foot-long 1:U0

scale model containing two-part and singlepart aquifers to determine the hydraulic

action of simulated tile ground-water drains

220
placed 0.2 foot below the model surface. The

lower aquifer was composed of coarse sand 50

times more penneable than the fine sand in the

upper aquifer. For initial conditions the

model was charged with salt water, concen- tration 6,000 ppm NaCl, dyed blue for visual

identification. Tests are continuing using

vertical pump wells in the lower aquifer as drains

.

(g) For the given prototype conditions, tile

ground-water drains will not intercept and

discharge fresh water if the lower aquifer

contains salt water. The fresh water tends

to drive the salt water ahead of it to the

drain.

(h) "Removal of Saline Water from Aquifers," E.J. \ Carlson, Research Rept. No. 13, 1968.

(5335) HIGH PRESSURE SLIDE GATE STUDIES FOR RUEDI AND

MORROW POINT DAM OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:9 scale model is being used to determine

operating characteristics and pressure con- ditions on slide gates to be used for regulation at heads up to 355 feet. The flow passages of the gates slope downward 30° in the

direction of flow, and the gate leaves and

bonnets are vertical. Effects of flaring the

sidewalls immediately downstream from the leaf are being studied.

(f) SiJispended.

(g) Preliminary studies show that a gate slot

design used very successfully on gates with

horizontal flow passages and vertical leaves

is not satisfactory for gates with 30° sloping

passages and vertical leaves. Also, flaring

the downstream walls in the normal fashion just

downstream from the leaf leads to extremely

subatmospheric pressure conditions and

cavitation. By offsetting the walls abruptly

3 or i)- inches outward a very short distance

downstream from the leaves, an excellent design

with either parallel or diverging downstream

walls is apparently obtained.

(h) Publication not anticipated in near future.

(5336) BUTTERFLY VALVE STUDIES WITH CAVITATION

OCCURRING.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A commercial 8-inch, 125 psi butterfly valve

is being tested under prototype head to determine the effects on cavitation characteristics, air demand, and discharge coefficients

that result from discharging the valve directly

into sudden enlargements, or through short

conduits into the enlargements. Tests are made with and without the admission of air,

and quantities of air needed to just quiet

the cavitation are being obtained. Effects

of air admission on the discharge coefficient are also being obtained.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Preliminary results show that satisfactory

pressure reducing stations for high differential heads and low back pressures can

be obtained with butterfly valves if the

valves discharge directly into a 2.0 dia.

enlargement. Air in sufficient quantities to relieve cavitation when the discharge enters

the enlargement directly, or through short

sections of pipe, has little effect upon the

discharge coefficient.

(h) Publication not anticipated in near future.

(5338) LABORATORY TESTS OF GATE SEALS UNDER PROTO- TYPE HEADS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A facility for testing gate seals imder heads

of up to 600 feet was used on I6 specimens

of seals having various combinations of

fluoro- carbon and brass cladding bonded to the rubber. The tests included measuring

the seal bulb extension and photographing and

observing the general behavior of the seal

under load during opening and closing cycles

of the gate.

(g) Of the seals tested, the one best suited for

high-head applications was of the clamp-on

type having a fluoro-carbon cap extending

over the bulb and both stems and a brass

backing. This seal successfully withstood

opening and closings cycles under heads of

up to 600 feet.

(h) A report is being prepared.

(5339) MODEL-PROTOTYPE CORRELATION OF AIR DEMAND.

(b) Field tests and laboratory project.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; applied research.

(e) Basic parameters are being developed to cor- relate model results with prototype measure- ments for the flow of air in a closed conduit

partially filled with moving water. Prototype measurements are essentially complete.

Laboratory tests are beginning in a variable

slope, enclosed, rectangular channel. The mean air velocity and turbulence Intensity of

the air stream will be measured for various

water velocities, various water depths and

various pressure gradients.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Methods to be used in modeling air demand have

been determined. The Froude scale relationship seems to be valid for converting rodel

data to prototype dimensions.

(h) "Hydrodynamic Pressures In Conduits Downstream from Regulating Gates," H.T. Falvey,

Paper 53, 12th Congr., Intl. Assoc. Hydraulic Res., I967.

(53't3) STRATIFIED FLOW,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied

research.

(e) A laboratory flume is being used to study the

mechanism of selective withdrawal from

stratified reservoirs. Temperature difference,

monitored with thermistors. Is being used to Induce stratification.

(g) Resiilts of the laboratory tests have shown

the feasibility of using a temperature model.

(h) "Hydraulics of Stratified Flow--First Progress

Report —An Analysis of the State of the Art

and a Definition of Research Needs," D.L. King, Rept. No. Hyd-563, June I966.

(531+6) GLEN ELDER DAM SPILLWAY

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:72 scale model is being used to study the

hydraulic features of the spillway. The model

contains 12 radial gate controlled spillway

bays, the approach channel, siu-roundlng topography, the hydraulic jump stilling basin and

concrete lined apron, and a portion of the

downstream channel.

(f) Completed.

(g) The flow in the approach area, through the

221
bays, and In the downstream channel is smooth.

The operation of the stilling basin is

efficient. There is no excessive erosion of

the downstream channel. No major changes to

the initial design were recommended as a result of the model study,

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Spillway--Glen

Elder Dam—Missouri River Basin Project,

Kansas," W.F. Arris, Report No. Hyd-56l, June

1966.

(53l^7) LITTIiE PAWOCHE CREEK DETENTION DAM OUTLET

WORKS INTAKE STRUCTURE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:15 scale model was built to study the

flow conditions in a square, submerged vertical inlet and bend when stop logs are used to control the flow into the inlet.

(f) Completed.

(g) Smooth operation and near atmospheric pressures were attained in the throat and elbow

of the intake by using vertical flow split- ters between the horizontal structural beams

of the trashrack stoplog structure to aerate

the undernappe of the jets flowing over the

stoplogs

.

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Intake Struc- ture for the Outlet Works of Little Panoche

Creek Dentention Dam--San Luis Unit--Central

Valley Project, California," T.J. Rhone,

Rept. No. Hyd-560, June I966.

i^Qkk) PORTAGE MOUNTAIN DAM LOW LEVEL OUTLET WORKS.

(b) British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority,

W.F. Miles, General Manager.

(c) International Power and Engineering Consultants, Ltd., 570 D-unsmuir Street,

Vancouver 2, Canada.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) The outlet works will utilize two of the

three ^4^8- foot-diameter horseshoe- shaped diversion tunnels and will consist of two con- duits through each of the two diversion tunnel

plugs. An 8*4— inch Howell- Bunger valve at the

downstream end of each conduit is used to control the flow. Each conduit is designed

to discharge 2,500 cfs at an approximate head

of k'yO feet but may discharge twice this

amount in emergencies. A 1:1*4- scale model of

the valves and the horseshoe- shaped tunnel has

been constructed to develop the design of the

air supply system to the valves, the optimum

location of the valves, and the energy dissipating devices required in the diversion

tunnel.

(f) Completed.

(g) The fixed-cone valve and ring deflector com- bination that was developed for the prototype

provides a relative simple and effective

device for flow control and energy dissipation.

A recirculating air supply tunnel was developed to provide near atmospheric pressures

within the cone-shaped jet as well as upstream

of the jet surrounding the valves.

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of Portage Mountain

Development Low-Level Outlet Works- -British

Columbia, Canada," G.L. Beichley, Rept. No. Hyd-562, 1966.

(58'4-5) PATILIAS DAM SPILLWAY.

(b) Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority.

(c) Rafael V. Urrutia, Executive Director, Puerto

Rico Water Resources Authority, San Juan,

Puerto Rico.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) The existing spillway has operated over the

years and a considerable amount of erosion

has occurred in the natural channel at the

downstream end of the spillway. Numerous

modifications to the original spillway have

been ineffective in reducing the erosion. A

1:36 scale model is being constructed to develop the required modifications to eliminate this adverse operating condition.

(f) Inactive.

(58146) CRYSTAL DAM SPILLWAY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Experimental; design.

(e) A 1:^40 scale model of the spillway will be

tested to investigate overall flow conditions. In addition, a structure at the end of the

spillway timnel will be developed which will

function as a stilling basin for flows up to 11,000 cfs and as a flip bucket for higher

discharges. Determination of discharge co- efficients for a tainter gate on the spillway crest and the development of an atmos- pheric pressure spillway crest will be

accomplished throi;igh the use of a X:2k sec- tional model.

(f) Suspended.

(g) The preliminary design was found to be

satisfactory.

(h) Publication not anticipated.

CRYSTAL DAM OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) A 1:12 scale model will be tested to evaluate

the operation of the outlet works stilling

basin. Two 3-foot 3-inch-square high-press\nre slide gates discharge a maximum of about

2,000 cfs into the stilling basin imder a head of approximately 200 feet. The energy

dissipating efficiency of the basin and the

downstream flow conditions will be investigated. Special attention will be given to the measurement and evaluation of hydrodynamic forces acting on various parts of the

structure, particularly the cantilevered

vertical concrete wall which separates the

flow from the two gates.

(f) Suspended.

(58^4-8) EL VADO DAM OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) A 1:30 scale model was used to develop a flip

bucket which would minimize river channel

erosion by dispersing sizable releases, and

woxild allow small releases to be bypassed

through an offset opening in the right wall.

The model contained a section of the dual

gate controlled outlet works tunnel, the flip

bucket, a section of the existing spillway,

and a section of river channel.

(f) Completed.

(g) The recommended flip bucket contained two

vertical confining walls and two sloping

plane surfaces to intercept and direct the

flow to the lip of the bucket. The best

flow dispersion occurs for normal releases of

from 2,000 to it, 000 cfs. Small releases are passed through an offset opening in the right

wall.

(h) Publication pending.

(6301) RADAR PUMPING PLANT INLET TRANSITION.

222
(f)

(g)

(h)

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Limited tests were performed with a scale

model to compare the hydraulic characteristics of an angled transition with the

characteristics of a symmetrical transition,

and to determine the configuration of

appurtenances required to improve the flow

distribution in the angled transition.

(f) Completed,

(g) The angled transition was made to operate

satisfactorily by the addition of curved

guide walls near the upstream end of the

transition. However, the symmetrical trans- ition was recommended.

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Inlet Trans- ition at Radar Pumping Plant," D.L. King,

Rept. Wo. Hyd-5'^7, Arpil I965.

(6302) LOWER TWO MEDICllSIE DAM SPILLWAY AND OUTLET

WORKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:2k scale sectional model of zne uncon- trollea spillway, the outlet works passing,

through the spillway section, and the stilling

basin common to both features were studied

to determine hydraulic characteristics.

Completed.

Baffle piers were added to the USER Type II basin to improve energ>' dissipation and reduce

the tendency for riverbed material to move

upstream.

"Hydraulic Model Studies of the Spillway and

Outlet Works for Lower Two Medicine Dam,"

D.L. King, Rept. No. Hyd-55l|-, January I566.

(6303) REJECTION SURGES IN TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNELS,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied

research.

(e) Exact and approximate theoretical equations

were presented for determination of size,

velocity, and shape of surge waves in a trapezoidal channel following complete rejection of the flow. The equations were compared

with each other and with experimental data.

(f) Completed.

(g) The approximate form was found to be essen- tially equal to the exact form. Generally,

agreement between theory and experiment was

quite good. The greatest deviation between

theory and experiment occurred in the

determination of the peak surge height.

(h) "A Theoretical and Experimental Study of

Rejection Surges in Trapezoidal Channels,"

D.L. King, Master's Thesis, Univ. of Colorado, June 1966.

(63014-) MODIFIED OUTLET WORKS STILLING BASIN, NAVAJO

DAM.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:12 scale model was used to investigate

the causes of damage to the stilling basin

for the hollow- jet- valve outlet works.

(f) Completed.

(g) The tests showed that abrasion damage in the

stilling basin was caused by circulation of

large rocks and gravel. Damage was duplicated

in the model. Modifications were developed to reduce turbulence in the basin and to prevent

streambed material from entering the basin.

The tests also showed that the center dividing

wall was subjected to fluctuating pressures

(f)

(g)

(h)

which could result in structural damage due to vibration,

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Modified

Outlet Works Stilling Basin, Navajo Dam,

D.L. King, Rept. No. Hyd-573, June I967.

(6305) FOWTENELLE POWERPIANT DRAFT TUBE AND TAILRACE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) During rehabilitation of the river outlet

works, stilling basin flow was diverted

through the powerplant. To prevent untimely

breakdown of the untested mechanical parts in

the powerplant, the turbine runner was removed.

Diversion flows were controlled with the tur- bine wicket gates.

Completed.

A trivane flow splitter and two baffle walls

placed in the draft tube were necessary to reduce flow concentrations in the tailrace.

The orientation and dimensions of these

appurtenances are given.

"Hydraulic Model Studies of the Fontenelle

Powerplant Draft Tube and Tailrace," H.T. Falvey, Rept. No. Hyd-571, Aug. 1967.

ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS IN STILLING

BASINS.

Laboratory project.

Experimental; applied research.

Pressure fluctuations in models of two distinct types of energy dissipators (hydraulic jump stilling basin and free-fall impact

pool) were inspected with a commercial spectrum analyzer to estimate dynamic forces

acting on hydraulic structures. Data from a prototype stilling basin is being similarly

analyzed.

(g) The analysis indicates that pressure fluctuations have a frequency range of approximately

0-50 Hertz. Amplitudes generally increase

with decreasing frequency; no isolated

regions of high amplitude are apparent. The

analysis has shown that resonance in piezometer lines can give erroneous results.

Flush-mounted transducers are recommended.

(h) "Analysis of Random Pressure Fluctuations in

Stilling Basins," D.L. King, Paper B25, 12th

Congr. Intl. Assoc. Hydr. Res., Sept. I967.

(6307) ATTENUATION OF SURGE WAVES BY A SIDE WEIR.

(6306)

(b)

(d)

(e)

(b)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

Laboratory project.

Experimental and theoretical; applied

research. Two theoretical equations for attenuation by

a side weir were compared with each other and

with experimental data for complete rejection

of flow in a trapezoidal canal. Wave heights

were measured with capacitance-type probes.

Digital computers were used for solution of

the theoretical equations.

Completed.

Good agreement between theory and experiment

was obtained. Limits of application of each

of the two theories were determined. Some

general characteristics of surges in trapezoidal channels were observed.

"Attenuation of Surge Waves by a Side Weir

in a Trapezoidal Channel," S. Rungrongtaanin

and D.L. King, Rept. No. Hyd-575, April I967.

(6308) BARTLETT DAM SPILLWAY.

(b) Laboratory project,

(d) Experimental; design.

223
(e) Hydraulic studies were made on a 1:100 scale

model of the existing struct\are to determine

corrective measures needed to prevent additional erosion damage in the discharge channel

near the existing concrete-lined spillwaychute . (f) Completed.

(g) Concrete fill and pneumatically placed concrete

anchored to the rock was recommended rather

than any channel alinement or excavation work.

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Bartlett Dam

Spillway, Salt River Project, Arizona," G.L. Beichley, Kept. No. Hyd-576, October I967.

(6309) IMPACT-TYPE STILLING BASINS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Model studies were conducted on a 1.6- and

2. i^- foot-wide (kQ.jS and 73-15 cm), impact,

USER Type VI, stilling basins to modify and

standardize existing procedures in the design

of this basin.

(g) The basin dimensions in relation to discharge

and velocity entering the basin and the amount,

size, and location of riprap in the channel

were standardized. The reduction in velocity

and energy through the basin was determined.

(h) "Progress Report Wo. XIII —Research Study on Stilling Basins, Energy Dissipators, and

Associated Appurtenances—Section 1*+, Modification of Section 6 (Stilling Basin) for Pipe

or Open Channel Outlets No Tailwater Required

Basin Afl, "G.L. Beichley, Rept. No. Hyd-572,

1968.

(6310) TEHAMA-COLUSA CAUAL FISH CONCENTRATOR.

(b) Fish and Wildlife Service.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) A 1:2.5 scale model was used to develop the

design of the fish concentrator through which

the fingerlings are to be concentrated from a discharge of l^+O cfs into a discharge of

5 cfs flowing to an electronic counting device.

(f) Completed.

(g) A fish concentrator was developed consisting

of a sloping perforated plate screen 10 feet

wide by I6 feet 3 inches long with adjustable

orifices beneath the screen to control the

flow through it to 135 cfs.

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Tehama-Colusa

Canal Fish Concentrator, Central Valley Project, California," G.L. Beichley, Rept. No,

Hyd-581, 1968.

(6311) TEHAMA-COLUSA CANAL VELOCITY BARRIER FOR FISH

CONTROL.

(b) Fish and Wildlife Service.

(d) Applied research.

(e) A 1:1 scale model study was conducted to determine the depth to which a vertical slide

gate (baffle gate) that spans the fish spawning canal section should be lowered into the

canal to produce a 5 fps velocity barrier

beneath the gate. The new born fish will not swim through this barrier; and, therefore, can

be crowded downstream by providing a carriage

for movement of the gate in that direction.

(f) Completed.

(g) The baffle gate can be adjiisted to produce a water velocity of 5 feet per second at a point

0.3 foot above the gravel bed without scouring

the gravel.

(h) "An Artificially Produced Velocity Barrier for

Controlling Fish Movement: Tehama-Colusa

Canal," E.R. Zeigler, Rept. No. Hyd-579,

Nov. 1967.

(6312) KANSAS RIVER BASIN SEDIMENT TESTS ON PROTOTYPE

DIVERSION DAM.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Field test at various diversion dams in the

basin were conducted to determine the

efficiencies of sediment control structures

(curved guide walls) for excluding sediment

from the canal systems. Data were also

obtained at Cambridge Diversion Dam where a sediment control structure had not been

constructed but where a problem existed.

(f) Completed.

(g) Curved guide walls provide an efficient means

for flushing sediment deposits either by

continuous slmcing or by intermittent sluicing.

(h) "interim Report- -Sediment Tests on Prototype

Diversion Dams, Kansas River Basin, KansasNebraska," E.L. Pemberton and E.J. Carlson,

Rept. No. Hyd-550, Dec. 1961+

.

(6313) TEHAMA-COLUSA CANAL SPAWNING BED CLEANING

DEVICE.

(b) Fish and Wildlife Service.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) A sectional model was used to develop a device for cleaning the salmon spawning bed in

the canal.

(g) The Bureau of Reclamation's Tehama-ColTosa

Canal in the California Central Valley Project

is the first known dual-p\irpose canal being

used both as a spawning grounds for salmon

and also as a conveyance structure to supply

water to irrigated lands. Several gravel

cleaning methods, including underdrains,

water and air jets, and mechanically cleaning

the gravel were studied before the baffle gate was developed to clean fine sediment from

gravel. The adjustable baffle gate is mounted

on a carriage spanning the ll<-0- foot -wide canal

and is lowered into the water sufficiently to increase the velocity beneath the baffle gate

to scour the gravel to the concrete bottom.

Model tests were made to provide a basis for

designing the field size cleaning device.

(h) "Baffle Gate Method for Cleaning Salmon Beds

in Canals," E.J. Carlson, Proc. 12th Congr.

Intl. Assoc. Hydr. Res., Fort Collins, Colo.,

Sept. 1967.

(631I1) DENSITY CURRENTS AND TURBIDITY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) A limited investigation of turbidity and

density flows in a prototype reservoir was conducted.

(f) Comple-ced.

(g) Visual observations, field measurements, and

laboratory analyses indicated that turbid

releases from Trinity Reservoir were caused by

withdrawal from a turbid density current which

originated during the December I96U flood.

Very fine particles of clay were suspended in

the cool lower layers of Trinity and Whiskeytown Reservoirs. The particles were identified

by petrographic examination as primarily

montmorillonite and kaolinite with a size

considerably less than one micron. The tur- bidity disappeared as the reservoir cooled to

a nearly uniform temperature during the winter

season of I965-66.

(h) "Investigation of Turbid Releases from Trinity

22k
Reservoir," D.L. King, Rept. No. Hyd-566, Aug.

1966.

(6315) DETERMIMTIOK OF SEEPAGE BY ELECTRICAL LOGGING.

(See also Water Resources Research Catalog,

3.0066, Vol. 2).

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Oil and water well electrical logging equipment was tested for detecting seepage from an

earth- lined canal 75 feet long, 2 feet deep,

and 12 feet wide at the top. A 5- by 11- by

i^-foot-deep hole was excavated in the canal

bottom and a grid system of perforated pipe

surrounded by a reversible filter was placed

in the hole. The remainder of the hole was filled with sand to the level of the canal

invert and a pump connected to the pipe system.

With the test canal filled with water, see- page from the sand section was varied by

pumping different discharges from the pipe

grid while operating the electrical logging

equipment. Seepage meter measurements were made at different points in the canal to help

establish a datum for interpreting the electrical logging charts.

(f) Completed.

(g) Tests showed there was no correlation between

the electrical logging chart diagrams and the

seepage measurements. The electrical logging

equipment did not successfully detect seepage

or seepage areas in the canal test facility.

(h) "Electrical Logging and Seepage Tests in a 75-foot-long Canal--Denver Federal Center,

Lower Cost Canal Lining Research Program,

E.R. Zeigler, Rept. Ho. Hyd-56U, 50 pages,

March I967.

(6316) FARWELL MAIN CANAL—OPEN AND CLOSED CONDUIT

SYSTEM PROGRAM.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Hydraulic model discharge calibrations were made of three differently shaped trapezoidal

weirs operating under submerged flow conditions . (f) Completed.

(g) An electronic digital computer was used in

making a least square fit analysis of the test data to obtain discharge equations for each

weir.

(h) Report in preparation.

(6317) DRAINAGE FROM SLOPING IRRIGATED LAND.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Drainage tests are being made on fine sand in a 60-foot-long by 2-foot-wlde by 2-l/2-footwide flume that can be tilted up to approximately 15 percent grade. Recharge simulating

irrigation water is applied through a sprinkling system which distributes the water

uniformly over the sand surface. Water discharging from tile drains placed horizontally

and at right angles to the slope is measured

to determine the distribution of the drainage

water discharge down the slope. Fewer drains

could probably be used if the knowledge can

be obtained to determine the optimum drain

spacing.

(g) The flume is constructed and preliminary tests have been conducted.

(6318) [«DEL TESTING OF BRINE PIPING BETWEEN EVAPORATORS.

(b) Office of Saline Water.

(c) Mr. P.G. Tomalin, Office of Saline Water,

Distillation Division, U.S. Dept. of the

Interior, Washington, D. C. 2024-0. (d) Experimental; design.

(e) A 1:2.33 scale model study was conducted to determine the driving force required to discharge a given quantity of ll8° F, 5 percent

salt saturated brine through the most critical

of the interstage module piping and to develop

design modifications as dictated by the

results of the tests.

(g) Pipeline losses including entrance and exit

losses exceed the available driving force

between the last two modules and a loss co- efficient curve for the system was determined

for a range of Reynolds numbers

.

(6319) MMJIFOLD STUDIES FOR FLASH DISTILLATION

DESALINATION PLANT.

(b) Office of Saline Water.

(c) Mr. P.G. Tomalin; see (6318) above.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) A 1:8.93 model is being used to study flow

conditions in the downstream end of a flash

distillation test module. Vortex formation

and vapor entralnment in the manifold connecting the evaporation trays to the pimp suction

are being investigated because of critical

pressure conditions in the recirculating pump.

(g) Tests have resulted in several flow-improving

modifications

.

(6320) AIR VENT COMPUTATIONS- -MORROW POINT DAM,

COLORADO

.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Applied research; basic research.

(e) The development of a computer program to determine the magnitude of the reduced pressure in the intake gate chamber and the air

flow rates through the vents during an emer- gency closure of the intake gate.

(g) The program has been developed for the quasisteady state condition. The effects of

inertia are being investigated.

(h) Report in preparation.

(6321) DRAFT TUBE SURGE STUDIES,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental, theoretical, and field investigation classified as both basic and applied

research.

(e) The causes of draft tube surges or power swings are being examined through laboratory tests on a schematic model, theoretical considerations,

and prototype testing. Preliminary investigations Involve a literature survey and

analysis of the resonant characteristics of a generalized penstock system.

(g) A comprehensive bibliography has been

assembled.

(h) An annotated bibliography is in preparation.

(6322) GRAND COULEE DAM AMD THIRD POWERPLANT.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) Tests are being conducted on a 1:120 scale

model of the Third Powerplant and all existing

features at Grand Coulee Dam. Details of the

forebay channel and tailrace of the plant,

which will have an ultimate capacity of 72,000

kw from 12 units, are being investigated and

modified where necessary.

(g) An economical, hydraulically efficient shape

of the forebay channel was developed with the

225
aid of the model for 12-mit operation.

Tests have shown satisfactory flow conditions

In the tailrace for 6-unlt operation.

(6323) GRAED COULEE THIRD POWERPIAWT PENSTOCKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A l:hl.Ty scale model Is being used to eval- uate different entrances and elbows for the

1+0- foot-diameter penstocks.

(g) A penstock entrance that Is much smaller

and shorter than entrances designed by cur- rent criteria was found to have satisfactory

flow and pressure conditions and a very small

head loss coefficient. The tests also indicate that an accelerating elbow just up- stream of the generator entrance will be

equally efficient with a curvature radius

equal to either 2-1/2 or 3-l/2 times the penstock diameter.

(6324) INTAKES, ENTRANCES, AND TRANSITIONS. (See

also Water Resources Research Catalog, 8.OII7,

Vol. 2).

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Investigations are being performed to determine optimum configurations for intakes,

entrances, and transitions for penstocks and

outlet pipes. Tests will be made to determine the actual losses at entrances of

different sizes and configuration. These

tests will be extended to Include studies of

pressures and of vortex formation and to determine minimum submergence required to maintain adequate pressures and to prevent vor- tices . (g) Tests to date have Indicated that penstock

entrances can be greatly reduced in size with

a minimum amount of streamlining without

significantly increasing head losses or causing poor flow conditions.

(6325) CONCONULLY DAM SPILLWAY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A l:l8 scale sectional model is being used to develop a baffled chute as an energy disslpator for a 70- foot-high spillway having a unit discharge of about 78 cfs per foot of

width.

(g) The tests indicated that the baffled chute is

very effective In preventing acceleration of

the flow down the spillway. Tests are being

continued to determine the erosion tendencies at the end of the chute.

(6326) AZOTEA TUNNEL INLET JUNCTION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) Hydraulic model studies were performed on a 1:12 scale model of the Azotea Tunnel Inlet

Junction to find a configuration which would

minimize head losses through the junction,

to determine critical dimensions of the

structure, and to establish canal water

depths. The purpose of the junction is to combine the flow from a feeder canal with

that from the Oso Tunnel inverted siphon and

direct this combined flow into the Azotea

Tunnel.

(f) Completed.

(g) The recommended design minimized head losses

between the siphon and the tunnel by means

of a bearing wall placed in the flow stream

which accelerated the flow leaving the canal,

thereby making the uniting flow velocities

from the canal and the siphon almost equal.

This significantly reduced eddy formation and

tended to eliminate retardation of the siphon

flow. The bearing wall also reduces the span

length of a roof over the inlet junction.

The flow conditions with this configuration

were good over a large range of siphon, canal,

and t-unnel discharges. Fairly accurate

estimates of losses through a system which is not geometrically simllB.r to the Azotea inlet

junction can be obtained by application of

momentum and energy equations over two control

sections. An example of this procedure is

given in the appendix to the report,

(h) "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Azotea Tunnel

Inlet Junction, San Juan-Chama Project,

Colorado, "H.T. Falvey, Report No. Hyd-551,

1+5 p., Nov. 1965.

(6327) GLEN CANYON DAM DIVERSION TUNNEL OUTLETS,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Field investigation and experimental;

operational and applied research.

(e) Operational history and performance of the left

diversion tunnel outlets was investigated to determine the cause of damage to the concrete

and steel surfaces.

(f) Completed.

(g) Extensive abrasive damage to the concrete was experienced due to foreign material circulating in a hydraulic jump that formed in the

tunnel during relatively small releases. Progressive cavitation damage was experienced

downstream from the gate slots and at surface

Irregularities in the conduit steel liners.

Precautions to be considered in designing

future similar structures were determined.

(h) "Glen Canyon Dam Diversion Tmnel Outlets,"

W.E. Wagner, Jour. Hydraulics Dlv., ASCE,

Vol. 93, No. HY6, Proc. Paper 5573, 21 p., Nov. 1967.

(6328) TIBER DAM AUXILIARY OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; design.

(e) A 1:17.53 scale model is being used to develop

the design of a drop inlet from the existing

canal outlet tunnel to the new auxiliary

outlet

.

(g) A curved deflector in the crown of the canal

tunnel directly over the drop inlet has been

developed to Intercept the swirling motion

of flow entering the drop inlet; and, thus,

improve the flow pattern throughout the outlet tmnel downstream from the slide gate

control.

(h) A report will be prepared.

(6329) YELLOWTAIL DAM SPILLWAY REPAIRS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A model tunnel spillway has been constructed

to study means of admitting air to the high

velocity, open channel flow to cushion the

forces of cavitation collapse thereby preventing damage to the concrete spillway

surfaces

.

(f) Test mg m progress.

(6330) FOLSOM DAM SPILLWAY REPAIRS.

(b) Laboratory project

.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A sectional model of the Folsom spillway with

226
one outlet works tunnel was constructed and

tested to determine a means of preventing

cavitation damage during simultaneous operation of the spillway and outlet works.

(f) Completed.

(g) An eyebrow-type deflector with a splitter

pier to assure aeration of the upper tier

outlets, and an eyebrow with adequate aera- tion piped from the present air ducts for the

gates, will assure satisfactory simultaneous

operation of the spillway and outlets at Folsom Dam.

(h) Report in preparation.

The following projects are reported in the Water

Resources Research Catalog.

(056W) QUALITY OF WATER AS AFFECTED BY STRATIFIED

FLOW, 5.0197.

(057W) INSTRUMENTATION, DATA ACQUISITION, AND

COMPUTER TECHNIQUES, 7.0019-

(058W) FACTORS AEFECTING STABILITY OF ARTIFICIAL

AND NATURAL CHANNELS, 8.00i+7,

(O59W) FLOW SURFACE PROTECTION, 8.OO5O.

(06OW) PIPELINE AND TUNNEL HYDRAULICS, 8.005*^.

(06IW) RADIOISOTOPF WATER FLOW MEASUREMENT IN HIGH- HEAD TURBINES AND PUMPS, 8.0072.

(062W) OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS, 8.OI32.

(O63W) WATER MEASUREMENT, 8.0133.

{06kV) RADIOISOTOPE STUDIES IN METHODS OF DISCHARGE

MEASUREMENTS, HIGH-HEAD TURBINES AND PUMPS,

8.013i^.

(065W) GATES, VALVES, AND ORIFICES, 8.01i4-l.

(066W) ENERGY DISSIPATORS, Q.OlkG.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

Water Resources Division , Washington, D. C . 2 02'4-2

(2950) SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND CHANNEL ROUGHNESS IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CHANNELS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Thomas Maddock, Jr., U.S. Geol. Surv.,

Tucson, Ariz.

(d) Basic research.

(e) Field and laboratory studies, original and

other investigations will be analyzed in terms of sediment movement, channel roughness,

shear distribution in channel prism and other

effects on shape of natural channels

.

(g) Relations between velocity and sediment load

have been developed. Relations involving

slope are shown to be indeterminate within

certain limits.

(h) "The Behavior of Straight Alluvial Channels,"

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper now in stage

of final review.

(3263) SPECIFIC YIELD AND RELATED PROPERTIES.

(b) Cooperative with the State of California.

(c) Mr. A.I. Johnson, Chief, Hydrologic Lab., U.S. Geol. Surv., Denver, Colo, or Mr. Walter

Hoffman, District Chief, WRD, U.S. Geol.

Surv., Menlo Park, Calif.

(d) Laboratory and field investigation; basic

and applied research.

(e) Theoretical, laboratory and field study of

specific yield, and related properties, such

as moisture equivalent, field capacity, mois- ture tension, unsaturated permeability and

time-drainage relationships, as related to ground-water storage. Evaluation of existing,

and possible development of new methods for

determining these properties.

(g) Library research, laboratory study in progress

or completed of factors affecting column

drainage, centrifuge moisture equivalent,

moisture tension and unsaturated permeability.

(h) "Compilation of Specific Yields for Various

Materials, " A.I. Johnson; U.S. Geol. Surv. open-file report, I565.

"Specific Yield—Laboratory Experiments Showing

the Effect of Time on Column Drainage," R.C. Prill, A.I. Johnson and D.A. Morris, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper 1662-B, 1965.

"Specific Yield- -Column Drainage and Centrifuge Moisture Content," A.I. Johnson, R.C. Prill and D.A. Morris: U.S. Geological

Survey open-file report; also U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1662-A (1963).

"Centrifuge Technique for Determining TimeDrainage Relations for a Natural Sand," R.C. Prill and A.I. Johnson: U.S. Geological

Survey Prof. Paper 450-E (1963).

"Research on Specific Yield," (abstract) by

A.I. Johnson and D.A. Morris, California

Association Engineering Geologists Meeting,

October I96I: U.S. Geological Survey openfile report (1961).

(h787) MECHANICS OF FLUID FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Akio Ogata, U.S. Geol. Surv., P.O. Box 657,

Honolulu, Hawaii.

(d) Experimental and theoretical study; basic

research.

(e) Theoretical and laboratory study of microscopic and macroscopic aspects of flow through

porous media.

(5075) DOPPLER VELOCITY METER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. G.F. Smoot, U.S. Geol. Surv., WRD,

Washington, D. C. 202't-2. (d) Experimental; instrument development.

(e) The objective is to measure the instantaneous

local velocity by means of the Doppler frequency shift of an ultrasonic signal reflected

by minute particles of suspended sediment.

(g) Models undergoing laboratory and field tests.

(5599) RESEARCH ON PERMEABILITY.

(b) Cooperative with State of California.

(c) A.I. Johnson and Walter Hoffman; see (3263)

above

.

(d) Laboratory and field investigation; basic and

applied research.

(e) Theoretical, library, laboratory, and field

study of permeability, mainly as related to water movement through rock and soil materials,

both as saturated and unsaturated flow.

Evaluation of existing laboratory and field

methods and development of new or improved

methods

.

(g) Library research leading to an annotated

bibliography on permeability (manuscript in

preparation) . Laboratory study of factors

affecting saturated permeability measurements

in progress. Laboratory study of relation

between particle-size parameters and permeability. Laboratory evaluation of unsaturated

permeability methods.

227
(5600) MOVING BOAT TECHNIQUE FOR MEASUREMENT OF

OPEN-CHANNEL DISCHARGE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. G. F. Smoot; see (5075) above.

(d) Experimental; instrument and technique

development.

(e) The purpose of this research is to provide

the instrumentation and to develop the technique needed to rapidly, accurately and

inexpensively measiore flow, especially un- steady flow, in rivers and tidal estuaries.

(g) A Doppler navigator, Doppler velocity

meter, and a sonic sounder are being coupled

together to provide channel discharge. The

navigator provides the transverse distance

traveled across the channel, the sonic

sounder provides the cross-section depth,

and the velocity meter provides the flow

vector from which the discharge may be electronically integrated.

(h) Manual in preparation.

{360k) MECHANICS OF FLUID RESISTANCE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. H.J. Tracy, U.S. Geol. Surv., WRD, Rm. 16k Peachtree Seventh Bldg., Atlanta,

Georgia 30323.

(d) Theoretical and laboratory investigation;

basic research.

(e) The objective of this study is to attempt to describe the effects of the boundary on fluid resistance in terms of dimensionless

ratios characterizing the physical size and

shape of the roughness.

(g) The experimental aspect of the work is being

conducted in an artifically roughened, closed

circular, air tunnel using hot-wire anemometer equipment to determine velocity profiles, turbulence, and energy spectra. The

work consists of tests in which roughness

element size, density of spacing, and shape are systematically varied. The resulting

turbulence spectra are being analyzed in

order to correlate the physical dimensions

of the roughness with the energy and momentuiti transfer mechanisms in turbulent flow.

(5606) MULTIPLE CHANNEL DIGITAL RECORDING SYSTEM.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. G.F. Smoot; see (5075) above.

(d) Instrxmient development.

(e) The objective of this project is to develop

a reliable, battery powered, sensing instrument for field operation which is capable

of positioning a punched paper-tape digital

recorder. The instrument would be used to provide a variety of hydrologic parameters

in rapid sequence for recording on tape.

(g) A transistorized system incorporating an A-C Wheatstone bridge balanced by a D-C servo system of minimum power requirements

has been developed and is undergoing field

testing.

(h) "New Instrumentation for Watershed Investigations," G.F. Smoot, Proc. Symp. on Experimental and Representative Areas, Intl. Assoc.

Scientific Hydrology, 1965

.

(5607) EVALUATION OF DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT

VARIABLES IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) C.F. Nordin et al.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The objective is to identify and evaluate

the dependency characteristics of flow

and sediment measxxres of alluvial channel

flow. The experiments are designed to (l)

determine mean flow parameters and channel

adjustments when bed material is an independent

variable; (2) determine the importance of

depth as a scale parameter and as a driving

force; (3) determine the time for change when an independent variable is changed; (h)

determine the variance of slope, depth,

velocity, sediment transport, and bed conditions in time and space.

(5610) MECHANICS OF FLOW STRUCTURE AND FLUID RESISTANCE- -MOVABLE BOUNDARY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. E.V. Richardson, U.S. Geol. Surv., c/o

Engrg. Research Ctr., Foothills Campus, Colo.

State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo. 80521

(d) Experimental, theoretical and field investigation; basic research.

(e) The objective is to measure the internal flow

field of tiirbulent shear flow in an open

channel in order to obtain a fundamental

londerstanding of the mechanics of fluid re- sistance. Further knowledge of the mechanics

of flow structure will give a better understanding of the phenomena of energy dissipation, velocity distribution, shear distribution and the transport and dispersion of

solutes and sediment.

(g) The velocity distribution for flow over a plain sand bed with appreciable bed material

transport has an inner and outer zone. The

distribution is logarithmic in both zones. In the inner zone the parameters for the distribution vary with the size, density and

concentration of the bed material, whereas in

the outer zone they are constant. The coefficients of a general resistance to flow

equation for equilibrium flow in a sand

channel vary widely because (l) the flow may

be steady or unsteady, uniform or nonuniform

depending on the bed configijration; (2)

there are four types of energy dissipation;

(3) there is a range of shear stress where

the bed configuration may range from dunes to plain bed or antidunes.

(h) "Resistance to Flow in Sand Channels," E.V. Richardson, Ph.D. dissertation, Colo. State

Univ., Fort Collins, Colo. I965.

(5839) MECHANICS OF GROUND-WATER FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. H.H. Cooper, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey,

Washington, D. C. (d) Theoretical investigations with field applications; basic and applied research.

(e) Analysis of ground-water flow problems for

which practical need has developed out of

field investigations or other sources.

(g) (1) A solution for the response of wellaquifer systems to seismic waves as a function

of well geometry, aquifer constants, and frequency of seismic wave was derived and

checked by an electric analog model. (2)

A technique for determining the rate of

ground-water flow thro-ugh semi confining beds

from the earth's thermal profile was devised.

(3) Solutions for the nonsteady radial flow

toward a well pumping from (a) an infinite

two-layered aquifer, and (b) an infinite

anisotropic aquifer were derived.

(h) "Rates of Vertical Groundwater Movement

Estimated from the Earth's Thermal Profile,"

J.D. Bredehoeft and I.S. Papadopulos, Water
Resources Res., Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 325-328,

1965.

"Seismic Fluctuations in an Open Artesian

Water Well," J.D. Bredehoeft, H.H. Cooper, Jr.,

I.S. Papadopulos and R.R. Bennett. USGS Prof.

Paper 525-C, pp. C51-57, I965.

"The Response of Well-Aquifer Systems to

Seismic Waves," H.H. Cooper, Jr., J.D. Bredehoeft, I.S. Papadopulos and R.R. Bennett.

Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. 70, Wo. 16, pp. 3915-3926, 1965.

(581J-1) DENVER MULTIPHASE FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) E.S. Samuel, U.S. Geol. Surv., Denver Federal

Ctr., Denver, Colo.

(d) Theoretical and field investigation.

(e) Devise and test methods of measuring flow in,

and hydraulic properties of, the unsaturated

zone in the field. Measure velocities of

fluids underground "by analysis of temperature

profiles. Develop and test methods of predicting the nature of flow in the msaturated

zone. Improve, and develop new techniques

for field measurement of evapotranspiration.

(g) Measiorement of the time lag and attenuation

of fluctuations in gas pressijre due to barometric changes as functions of depth below

the land surface were made in the unsaturated

zone near Cuba, New Mexico, for determining

permeability of the unsaturated zone. Although the field tests were successful,

improvement in the instrumentation adopted is

indicated.

Type curves for analyzing drawdowns observed

in well fields having variable discharges at scattered locations were developed for the

New Mexico ground-water district through the

Geological Survey Computations Unit . The

computer program evolved is available for

calculating the hydraulic properties of

aquifers in areas where intensive use of

ground-water is monitored at observation wells.

Underground temperature profiles were observed in the field near Globe, Arizona and

Roswell, New Mexico to test the possibility

of using the temperature profile for indicating

vertical velocities of ground water through

beds having low permeability. Indications

are that vertical velocities as small as 0.1 ft. per year can be identified by analysis

of the steady- state temperatixre profile observed in beds about 100 feet or more in thickness. The relation between losses from ground water

and evapotranspiration is being studied with

the aid of the field offices of the Water

Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey,

in Colorado. Measurements of ground-water

levels, soil moisture tension and content,

and temperature are being made at four 25 acre

sites in the Arkansas River Valley. Lateral

contribution to ground-water loss, due to spatial changes in flow through the aquifer,

is monitored by finite-difference analysis of

the shape of the water table. Project interest lies in testing of field techniques of

measuring the hydraulic properties of the

unsaturated zone, and defining the relation

between evapotranspiration and depth to the

water table. Field installations were com- pleted in May 1965, and rebuilt by October

1565 after destruction by floods.

(h) Discxission of "Analysis of Data from Non- eqmlibrium Pumping Tests Allowing for

Delayed Yield from Storage, by N.S. Boxilton,"

Robert W. Stallman, Inst. Civil Engrs. Proc. (British) Vol. 28, pp. 603-60i+, ll6k.

"Multiphase Flxiids in Porous Media--a Review

of Theories Pertinent to Hydrologic Studies,"

Robert W. Stallman, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof.

Paper it-ll-E, 51 p., IdSk.

"Effects of Water Table Conditions on Water

Level Changes near Pumping Wells," R.W. Stallman, Water Resources Res., Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 295-312, 1965.

"steady One-dimensional Fluid Flow in a Semiinfinite Porous Medium with Sinusoidal Sur- face Temperature," R.W. Stallman, Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. TO, No. 12, p. 2821-

2827, 1965.

{58h2) THE MOVEMENT OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE COLUMBIA

RIVER ESTUARY.

(b) U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

(c) Mr. D.W. Hubbell, Project Chief, U.S. Geol.

Surv., P.O. Box 3202, Portland, Oregon 97208.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied

research.

(e) Certain radionuclides enter the Columbia

River from the Hanford installation of the

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Part of the

radionuclides remain in solution, part are sorbed by fluvial sediments, and part are sorbed by biota. In order to insxare that

no dangerous condition prevails or develops

in the Columbia River estuary, it is import- ant to know the distribution of radionuclides

in time and space, and the processes by which

the distribution is altered. The purpose of

this investigation is to study the movement

of radionuclides in the Columbia River

estuary as it is affected by flow, sediment

transport, and chemical processes; to assess

the distribution of radioactivity in the

estuary; to develop measurement methods and

techniques for large estuaries; and to con- tribute knowledge of estuarine processes.

(g) Measurement equipment and techniques have

been developed for collecting necessary data

in the estuary. The equipment includes

systems for measxaring water discharge rapidly, for collecting large-volume water and

sxispended- sediment samples, for filtering

large-volume samples rapidly, for collecting

6-foot long bed-material cores, and for

monitoring radioactivity in situ. The areal

distribution of radioactivity in the estuary

varies markedly and, in general, high

activities are associated with fine sediments.

(h) "A Sampler for Coring in Rivers and Estuaries,"

E.A. Prych and D.H. Hubbell, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer

.

"Measurement Equipment and Techniques Used in

Studying Radionuclide Movement in the Columbia

River Estuary," E.A. Prych, D.W. Hubbel and

J.L. Glenn, Proc. ASCE Coastal Engrg. Conf .

,

1966.

(581t3) THE OCCURRENCE, TRANSPORT, AND DISPOSITION

OF RADIONUCLIDES AS SOLUTES AND ASSOCIATED

WITH FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS IN THE LOWER COLUMBIA

RIVER.

(b) U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

(c) Mr. W.L. Haushild, Project Chief, U.S. Geol.

Surv., P.O. Box 3202, Portland, Oreg. 97208.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Small amounts of minerals in the water used

for cooling the reactors at the Hanford

installation near Richland, Wash, are acti229
vated and subsequently discharged into the

Columbia River in the controlled release of

the cooling water. The purpose of the project is to determine the disposition of

these radionuclides in and along the channel

and the mechanics of transport of the radionuclides by the water and sediment in the

river. The investigation is intended to supply information from the 330-mile reach

of the Columbia River between Hanford and

the head of the estuary.

(g) The transport and retention of radionuclides

correlates with (l) the flow characteristics

of the river system, and (2) the influence of

the chemical and physical composition of the

environment system. The radionuclides

affixed to the sediments varies for specific

radionuclides and correlates with the physical and mineral characteristics of the sedi- ments. There is a differential transport of

these affixed radionuclides because of the

differences in the fall velocity of the sediments, and this difference in transport

affects the retention of radionuclides in

the study reach. The digital computer solutions of a mathematical model for transient

river flow have been successfully applied to the production of continuous discharge data

for tidal-affected flows of the Columbia

river at Vancouver, Wash.

(h) "An Electric-Powered Vehicle for Large River

Measurements," H.H. Stevens, Jr., and G.R.

Dempster, Jr., Civil Engrg., Vol. 34, Wo. 6, p. Jh, June 196k.

A discussion of "Annual Variation of Stream

Water Temperatures," J.C. Ward; by W.L. Haushild and G.R. Dempster, Jr., ASCE Proc,

Vol. 90, No. SA1+, pp. 90-92, A\jg. 19614-. "Concurrent Collection of Hydraulic and

Sediment Data In Rivers," G.R. Dempster, Jr. and H.H. Stevens, Jr., Jour., Am. Water Works

Assoc., Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 1135-1138, Sept.

1965.

(6069) GRAIK SIZE DISTRIBUTION AUD BEDLOAD TRANSPORT.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) G.P. Williams, U.S. Geol. Survey (WRD) Wash.,

D.C.

(d) Basic research.

(e) Experimental flume studies relating bedload

transport rate to various channel factors,

and especially variations resulting from

changes In size distribution keeping median

grain size constant.

(h) "Fl\me Experiments on the Transport of a

Coarse Sand," U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper

562-B, Sept, 1967.

"Particle Roundness and Surface Texture Effects

on Fall Velocity," Jour. Sed. Petrology,

March I966.

(6070) HYDRAULIC STUDIES OF OVERLAND FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) W.W. Emmett, U.S. Geol. Survey (wrd). Wash.,

D.C.

(d) Basic research; field study.

(e) Determine magnitude and evaluate effectiveness

of hydraulic characteristics of overland flow

as a landscaping agent and Its role in the

hydrologic cycle.

(6071,) REAERATION IN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) W.W. Sayre, U.S. Geol. Survey, Ft. Collins,

Colo.

(d) Basic research.

(e) Investigation of processes by which dissolved

oxygen is assimilated by flowing water in an open channel, and to develop Improved

criteria for predicting rate of assimilation

as a function of flow, channel, and other

measurable environmental characteristics.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMIMI STRATI ON , Langley Research Center , Langley Station, Hampton,

Virginia 23365

(6651+) WATER LANDING IMPACT OF SPACECRAFT AND

AIRCRAFT.

(b) NASA and other government agencies.

(c) Head, Impacting Structures Section, Mr. Lloyd

J. Fisher, Mail Stop 3^7, Langley Research

Center, NASA.

(d) Experimental and analytical applied research.

(e) Experimental landing Impact investigations

are made with scaled dynamic models. Various

landing attitudes, speeds, and body configurations are simulated. Hydrodynamic force

and pressure distribution data on either

relatively rigid or partially elastic models

are obtained for comparison with theory.

Specific energy dissipation capabilities

are determined for various impact systems

and materials using structural testing procedures and drop model techniques.

(g) See Ch).

(h) "Dynamic Model Investigation of the Apollo

Spacecraft Water Pressure and Accelerations

Encountered During Landings," Sandy M. Stubbs,

NASA TN-3980, Sept. 1967. "Water Landing Characteristics of a l/lO

Scale Model of a Winged Missile," Lloyd J. Fisher and John 0. Windham, NASA TN D-3799,

April 1967.

"Dynamic Model Investigation of the Rough

Water Landing Characteristics of a Gemini

Type Vehicle," William C. Thompson, NASA

TK D-377't, April I967.

"Landing Characteristics of the HL-10 Manned

Lifting Entry Vehicle," Sandy M. Stubbs,

NASA TN D-3570, Nov. 1966.

"Landing Characteristics of the Apollo

Spacecraft With. Deployed Heat Shield Impact

Attenuation Systems," Sandy M. Stubbs, NASA

TN D-3059, Jan. I966.

Publications may be obtained from the

Scientific and Technical Information Division,

National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

Washington, D. C. 2051+6.

(6655) SIMULATION AND SCALING OF LOW-GRAVITY FUEL

SLOSH.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. David G. Stephens, Mall Stop 2kk, NASALangley Research Center.

(d) Experimental, applied research.

(e) Development of laboratory methods for simulating low-gravity fuel slosh phenomena.

(f) Completed.

(g) The frequency and damping of the fundamental

slosh mode was foxjnd to be dependent upon

both the Bond number and Galileo number. By

using relatively small tanks under one-G

laboratory conditions. It Is possible to obtain values of these nondlmenslonal

parameters In the range encountered by launch

vehicles operating in a low-G environment.

230
(h) "Simulation and Scaling of Low Gravity Slosh

Frequencies and Damping," Leonard V. Clark

and David G. Stephens, ASTM/iES/AIAA Second

Space Simulation Conf . , Sept. I967.

(6656) AMTI -SLOSH BAFFLE PRESSURE LOADS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. David G. Stephens; see (6655) above.

(d) Experimental and analytical; applied re- search.

(e) Determination of pressure loads and pressure

distribution on large scale anti-slosh

baffles.

(g) The oscillatory acceleration as well as the

velocity of the liquid contribute significantly to the total pressure loads. Highest

pressures may result from the slapping action

which occurs when the mean level of the

liquid is below the baffle.

MATIONAL AEROmUTICS AMD SPACE ADMINISTRATION , Lewis Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road,

Cleveland, Ohio kkl3'3

(6336) STUDY OF OUTFLOW RESIDUALS FOR INTERCOUNECTED

SPHERICAL TANKS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Robert J. Boyle, Aerospace Engr., NASA-Lewis

Research Center.

(d) Theoretical and experimental applied research.

(e) The project consists of a study of the liquid

residuals in a set of interconnected

spherical propellant tanks having individual

outflow lines flowing into a common line.

Liquid residuals are affected by total out- flow rate, initial mass imbalance in tanks,

differences in outflow line characteristics,

size of tank interconnect lines, and for a flight vehicle, the vehicle acceleration

history d\jring outflow.

(f) Completed.

(g) Results of one -dimensional, incompressible

flow analysis agreed well with experimental

tests outflowing water from multiple interconnected tanks

.

(h) NASA TN in preparation.

(6337) ATLAS LAUNCH VEHICLE FEED SYSTEM DYNAMICS.

(b) Laboratory pro ject

.

(c) Carl F. Lorenzo, Aerospace Engr., NASA-Lewis

Research Center.

(d) Theoretical and experimental applied research.

(e) Study is to demonstrate the ability to predict the behavior of the complex feedline

system for a full-scale vehicle. The line

flows water with vibration inputs to the

vehicle. Termination impedances have been

simulated. A similar study is being made to obtain a simple, but more accurate, method

of predicting feedline inlet pressure in

longitudinally oscillated thin wall tanks.

Small scale experimental tank is being used

to evaluate proposed methods

.

(6338) THE EFFECT OF WEIGHTLESSNESS ON THE CONFIGURATION OF THE LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Donald A. Petrash, Chief, Space Environment

Branch, NASA-Lewis Research Center.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To investigate the effect of a zero-gravity

environment on the behavior of solid-liquidvapor systems with primary consideration to 231

space vehicle propellant tanks and life

support system tankage.

(f) Completed.

(g) The effects of liquid properties, tank size,

filling and tank geometry have been determined

for typical tank shapes. Results have been

obtained in both zero- and low-gravity environments and can be scaled to full size vehicle

tankage

.

(h) "Experimental Study of the Effects of Weightlessness on the Configiiration of Mercury and

Alcohol in Spherical Tanks," D.A. Petrash,

R.F. Zappa, E.W. Otto, NASA TH D-1197,

April 1962.

"Effect of Contact Angle and Tank Geometry on

the Configuration of the Liqmd-Vapor Interface During Weightlessness," D.A. Petrash,

R.C. Nussle, E.W. Otto, NASA TN D-2075, Oct. 1963.

"Behavior of Liquid-Vapor Interface of Cryogenic Liquids During Weightlessness," C.E. Siegert, D.A. Petrash, E.W. Otto, NASA TN

D-2658, Feb. 1965.

"Slosh Dynamics Study in Near Zero Gravity,"

H. Gold, J.G. McArdle, D.A. Petrash, NASA

TN D-3985, May I967.

(NASA TNs available from NASA Scientific and

Technical Information Facility, College Park,

Maryland)

.

(6339) STABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIQUID-VAPOR

INTERFACE

.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Donald A. Petrash; see (6338) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To investigate the stability of the liquidvapor interface when subjected to adverse

(negative) acceleration type disturbances.

(f) Completed.

(g) Resialts show that the ratio of acceleration

to capillary forces expressed as a Bond

number scaling parameter will predict the

interface stability characteristics.

(h) "Effect of the Acceleration Disturbances

Encountered in the MA-7 Spacecraft on the

Liquid-Vapor Interface in a Baffled Tank during Weightlessness," D.A. Petrash, R.C. Nussle, E.W. Otto, NASA TN D-1577, Jan. I963.

"Hydrostatic Stability of the Liquid-Vapor

Interface in a Gravitational Field," W.J. Masica, D.A. Petrash, E.W. Otto, NASA TN

D-2267, May 196h-. "Hydrostatic Stability of the Liquid-Vapor

Interface in a Low-Acceleration Field," W.J. Masica, J.D. Derdul, D.A. Petrash, NASA TN

D-2kkk, Aug. 196^+. (NASA TNs available from NASA Scientific and

Technical Information Facility, College Park,

Maryland)

.

(631+0) THE EFFECT OF WEIGHTLESSNESS ON OUTFLOW OF

LIQUIDS FROM SPACE VEHICLE TANKAGE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Donald A. Petrash; see (6338) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To investigate the effect of a zero-gravity

environment on the behavior of the liquidvapor interface during outflow or pumping

with primary consideration to space vehicle

propellant tanks

.

(f) Completed.

(g) The effects of liquid properties, tank size

and tank geometry on the outflow phenomenon

have been determined in zero-gravity. Results

have also been obtained on the effect -of inlet
and outlet baffling and outflow termination,

(h) "Photographic Study of Propellant Outflow

From a Cylindrical Tank During Weightlessness,"

R.C. Nussle, J.D. Derdul, D.A. Petrash, NASA. TN D-2572, Jan. I965.

"Experimental Investigation of Liquid Outflow

from Cylindrical Tanks During Weightlessness,"

J.D. Derdul, Lynn S. Grubb, D.A. Petrash,

MSA TN D-37'+6, Dec. 1966.

"Experimental Investigation of Interfacial

Behavior Following Termination of Outflow in

Weightlessness," L.S. Grubb, D.A. Petrash,

MSA TN D-3897, April 196?.

(MSA TNs available from MSA Scientific and

Technical Information Facility, College Park,

Maryland)

.

(63^1) SLOSH DYMMICS IN REDUCED GRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Donald A. Petrash; see (6338) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) To investigate the nat\iral frequency and

damping of lateral slosh in space vehicle

propellant tanks.

(f) Completed.

(g) The natural frequency and visco\is damping

charateristics of liquids in cylindrical tanks

have been determined in both low- and zero- gravity environments.

(h) "Motion of Liquid-Vapor Interface in Response

to Imposed Acceleration," W.J. Masica, D.A. Petrash, MSA TN D-3005, Sept. I565.

"Slosh Dynamics Study in Near Zero Gravity,

H. Gold, J.G. McArdle, D.A. Petrash, MSA TN

D-3985, May 1967.

"Experimental Investigation of Liquid Sxirface

Motion in Response to Lateral Acceleration

During Weightlessness," W.J. Masica, MSA

TN Ti-h066, Jxily 1967. "An Experimental Investigation of the Frequency and Viscous Damping of Liquids During

Weightlessness," J.A. Salzman, T.L. Labus,

W.J. Masica, MSA TN D-iH32, Aug. I967.

(6314-2) LIQUEFIED-GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT.

(b) Laboratory prouect.

(c) Isidore Warshawsky, Chief, Instrument Research

Branch, MSA-Lewis Research Center.

(d) Experimental basic research.

(e) The program consists of development, test,

and evaluation of techniques and equipment

for accurately measuring the flow of liquefied

gases. Precise measurement of flow is

essential in most research and development

programs

.

(h) A NASA report on performance parameters of

tui'bine-type flowmeters in liquid hydrogen,

TN D-3770, was published.

(63'^3) STUDY OF HIGH HEAD RISE INDUCER STAGES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Donald M. Sandercock, Head, Analysis Section,

Fluid System Components Div., Lewis Research

Center, MSA.

(d) Experimental applied research.

(e) The study of a tandem- row inlet stage to re- place two conventional inlet stages of a multistage axial flow pump. The tandem-row

experimental work includes cavitation performance, the head characteristic, and matching with a succeeding main stage door.

(f) Completed.

(g) The tandem-row inducer stage produced a head

rise coefficient (gAH/u^^) of approximately O.3

at a suction specific speed of 265OO in water.

232

The single stator blade row, which returned

the flow to the axial direction, was highly

loaded and resulted in high losses,

(h) "Design and Overall Performance of a TwoStage Axial-Flow Pump with a Tandem-Row

Inlet Stage," Donald M. Sandercock and James

E. Grouse, MSA TN D-2873, I965.

"Blade -Element Performance of a Two-Stage

Axial-Flow Pump with Tandem-Row Inlet Space,"

James E. Grouse and Donald M. Sandercock,

MSA TN D-3962, 1967.

{63^k) HYDRODYNAMIC JOURNAL BEARING PERFORMANCE IN

WATER AND LIQUID SODIUM,

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) William J. Anderson, MS 23-2, MSA - Lewis

Research Center.

(d) Experimental and theoretical applied research.

(e) Investigations of the stability characteristics of tilting pad, herringbone, lobed and

stepped journal bearing configurations are being carried out. Analyses of lobed and

stepped bearings are being made and experiments are being conducted with all of these

bearing types in water at high speeds and low

loads

.

(g) Experiments with 1.5 inch diameter tilting

pad, herringbone grooved, and two and three

axial cylindrical bearings have been conducted

in liquid sodium at temperatures to 800°F and

speeds to 12,000 rpm. Tilting pad bearings

were most stable with herringbone bearings

next best.

Several material combinations for use in

sodium have been evaluated. A cobalt alloy

performed well running against several nickel

alloys, as did a molybdenum alloy against

a nickel bonded titanium carbide cermet.

(6314-5) HELICAL AMD SPIRAL GROOVE SEAL PERFORMAUCE IN SEALING OIL, WATER AND LIQUID SODIUM.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) R.L. Johnson, MS 23-2, MSA - Lewis Research

Center.

(d) Experimental and theoretical applied research.

(e) Analysis of velocity and pressure fields

(including inertia effects) within the helical

and spiral groove geometry. Measurements of

sealing effectiveness, pressure gradients and

gas ingestion when sealing various fluids over

a wide speed range.

(g) The pressure field within the helical groove

viscoseal was mapped. The end of the seal

was found to be ineffective in producing

pressure

.

Viscoseals with grooved rotors had increasing

gas ingestion rates with increasing Reynolds

numbers. Seals with grooved housings showed

no gas ingestion when sealing water sodium

at Reynolds numbers above 8'-4-00. Sealing

capacity of various viscoseal geometries was determined for sealing liquid sodium to 635° F- Leakage loss was negligible. Secondary grooves

on viscoseal land areas improved sealing

capacity and reduced power absorption.

Conventional face contact seal performance

was significantly improved by incorporation

of the spiral groove geometry. Spiral grooved

seals had negligible leakage and wear sealing

sodium to 73 feet per second and to 20 psig.

A set of two-dimensional equations that include

both convective inertia and viscous forces

was formulated for parallel groove geometries

.

Consideration of convective inertia effects

reveal that fluid density, groove to land
width ratio and niimber of groove-land pairs

are additional parameters of pressure generation not considered in existing published

studies. It is argued that zero leakage is

due to convective effects.

Spiral groove seal concepts are presented.

Supporting experimental studies indicate

negligible leakage in sealing oil. Seal

torque and sealing gap height were measured.

Photographic evidence of positive sealing

interface separation (seal gap) is presented.

Studies in sodium showed negligible leakage

.

(h) "Experimental Study of End Effect and Pressure

Patterns in Helical Groove Fluid Film Seal

(Viscoseal), " L.P. Ludwig, T.N. Strom and

G.P. Allen, MSA TN D-3096.

"Gas Ingestion and Sealing Capacity of Helical

Groove Fluid Film Seal (Viscoseal) Using

Sodium and Water as Sealed Fluids," L.P. Ludwig, T.N. Strom and G.P. Allen, NASA TW

"Improving Performance of Face Contact Seal

in Liquid Sodium (14-00° to 1000°F) by Incorporation of Spiral-Groove Geometry," L.P. Ludwig,

T,K. Strom, G.P. Allen and R.L. Johnson,

NASA TN

"Analysis of the Flow Field and Pressure

Generation in Parallel Groove Geometry for an Isothermal Incompressible Fluid with Convective

Inertia Effects," J. Zuk, L.P. Ludwig and

R.L. Johnson, NASA TN D-3635.

"Spiral Groove Face Seal Concepts; Comparison

to Conventional Face Contact Seals in Sealing

Liquid Sodium," T.N. Strom, L.P. Ludwig, G.P. Allen and R.L. Johnson, ASME Paper 67-WA-Lub17.

(63it.6) EFFECTS OF FLOW ACCELERATION ON THE TURBULENT

BOUNDARY LAYER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Robert W. Graham, Head, Experimental

Section, NASA-Lewis Research Center.

(d) Experimental and theoretical.

(e) An investigation of the effects of accelerated

flow history on the nature of turbulent

boundary layer for incompressible flow.

(g) Level of turbulence intensity affected by

upstream flow history.

(h) "Effect of Uncooled Inlet Length and Nozzle

Convergence Angle on the Turbulent Boundary

Layer and Heat Transfer in Conical Nozzles

Operating With Air," D.R. Boldman, J.F. Schmidt, and R.C. Ehlers, Jour. Heat Transfer,

Vol. 89, p. 3'+l, Nov. 1967.

UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY, Engineering Department,

Annapolis, Maryland. 2114-02

(6126) CIRCULATION PRESERVING ROTATIONAL FLOWS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics

Branch

.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Robert A. Granger, Engrg. Dept.,

U.S. Naval Academy.

(d) Theoretical; basic research.

(e) An investigation into unsteady three-dimensional rotational flow with vortex stretching

but no diffusion. A mathematical model of the

transition between stable and unstable flow

is found and verified by experiment.

(f) Completed.

(h) Results presented at the Amer. Physical Soc,

Fluid Dynamics Div., Nov. 1967-

(6127) UNSTEADY THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics

Branch.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Robert A. Granger; see (6126).

(d) Theoretical and basic research (Ph.D. thesis).

(e) An investigation into unsteady three-dimensional rotational flows with vortex

stretching and diffusion. N\anerous classical

studies are discussed as well as new

solutions.

(f) Completed.

(h) Paper submitted to Jour. Fluid Mechanics,

entitled "Waves in Vortices."

(6128) SPEED OF A SURGE IN A BATHTUB VORTEX.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics

Branch.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Robert A. Granger; see (6126).

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) The speed of a surge propagating along the

centerline of a bathtub vortex is influenced

by sink geometry and circulation of the

flow. The origin of the siar-ge is also

investigated.

(f) Completed.

(h) A paper has been written and submitted to

Joiir. Fluid Mechanics.

(6129) BREAKDOWN OF A SPHERICAL DISTURBANCE.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics

Branch.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Robert A. Granger; see (6l26).

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) Experimental evidence is presented lending

support to finite transition theory for

vortex breakdown.

(f) Completed.

(h) Paper submitted to ASME.

(6130) THE NATURE OF A PULSE IN VORTEX SINK FLOWS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics

Branch.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Robert A. Granger; see (6l26).

(d) Experimental and basic research.

(e) Experimental evidence supports theory that a pulse with origin at the sink behaves as a ring vortex and that such behavior might occur

in shear flow.

(6131) ON THE SOLUTION OF A CLASS OF THREE-DIMEN- SIONAL UNSTEADY FLOWS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics

Branch.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Robert A. Granger; see (6l26).

(d) Theoretical and basic research.

(e) Application of group theory to three-dimensional unsteady flows . Evaluation of wave

theory, and its applicability for unsteady

vortex sink flows

.

(6132) ON A MODEL FOR ANALYZING TSUNAMIS.

(b) Office of Naval Research, Fluid Dynamics

Branch

.

(c) Assoc. Profs. Robert A. Granger, C. Wu.

(d) Experimental and theoretical applied research.

(e) Feasibility study for using hydro-electric

analogs for studying wave motion and tsunamis.

(6133) OPTICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF DENSITY GRADIENTS NEAR A WATER-AIR INTERFACE.

(b) Office of Naval Research and U.S. Naval

Academy

.

(c) Assoc. Prof. J. A. Adams, Engrg. Dept., U.S. Naval Academy.

233
(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The project is being carried out to obtain a better understanding of the transport pro- cesses that occur across a water-air interface.

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer which utilizes

a gas laser for the light source is being

used to measure density gradients near the

interface. Evaporation rates can be determined

from the measured liquid density gradients at the interface. The effects of submerged heated surfaces and infrared radiation on the

gradients will be studied.

(g) The feasibility of the experimental technique

has been proven and initial measurements of

evaporation rates are being obtained.

(h) "Optical Investigations of Heat Transfer Wear

an Air-Water Interface" (a preliminary report),

James A. Adams, U.S. Kaval Acad.,Engrg. Dept.

Rept. 6y-7, June 196?.

{613k) A COMPARISOM OF RANDOM SIGNAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR TURBULENCE AND FLOW NOISE MEASUREMENTS.

(b) Hydromechanics laboratory project.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Bruce Johnson.

(d) Trident Scholar Thesis.

(e) The project will investigate the effects of

sampling time, filter band width, sweep time,

averaging time, and influence of the slope of

the power spectral density curve on the

characteristics of turbulent signals obtained

from testing in the Naval Academy tow tank.

The relatively short sample time associated

with tank testing results in a non-stationary,

pseudorandom set of statistical data to be

analyzed in the amplitude, frequency and time

domains . Various analog techniques will be

compared to gain an optimum characterization

of the physical meaning of the turbulent

signals. In addition, recently developed

digital techniques using the fast Fourier

transform will be investigated.

(6135) THE EFFECT OF DRAG-REDUCING ADDITIVES ON

BOUNDARY LAYER TURBULENCE.

(b) Hydromechanics laboratory project.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Bruce Johnson.

(d) Trident Scholar Thesis.

(e) A preliminary investigation was made concerning the effects of poly-ethylene oxide on the

spectral density of tiorbulent fluctuations

in a boundary layer. The Polyox solution was injected into a two-dimensional boundary

layer along a flat plate which was towed at

9.5 fps in the Naval Academy's 85-foot tow

tank. Measurements of the mean and fluctuating components of the velocity near the

wall were made with conical hot film sensors.

(f) Completed, I966.

(g) Polymer injection resulted in an increase in

rms level of the fluctuations and in an increase in spectral density below 200 Hz. Above this frequency, the spectral density

decreased, the effect being more pronounced

at higher frequencies and at higher polymer

concentrations . Measurements of the mean

and fluctuating components of the wall shear stress were made with flush mounted hot film

sensors submerged in the viscous sub- layer.

Polymer injection resulted in a decrease in mean shear, in rms level, and in spectral

density of the fluctuating wall shear stress. The latter effect increased with increasing

frequency and all effects increased with

higher molecular weight of the additives

.

All results suggest the polymer shifts the

scale of turbulence away from the energydissipating small eddies,

(h) AIAA Preprint No. Gf-k'yS, presented at 3rd

Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference.

(6136) MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS IN A

TURBULENT BOUTOARY LAYER WITH AND WITHOUT

THE INJECTION OF A POLYMER ADDITIVE.

(b) Hydromechanics laboratory project.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Bruce Johnson.

(d) Trident Scholar thesis.

(e) Conical hot film sensors were used to measure both mean and fluctuating components of the

velocity profile at two positions along a flat

plate, towed in the Naval Academy's 85-foot

tow tank. The effects of polymer injection

were found to be dependent on the speed,

distance from the wall, and the position of

the sensor along the plate. At the wall, the

rms level of the fluctuations increased,

while the turbulence energy spectra decreased

above 200 Hz aft and 100 Hz forward. Near

the injection point, as distance from the

wall and speed increased, the effect of the

polymer was to increase rms level and shift

the turbulence spectra to higher frequencies.

(f) Completed, I967.

(g) Experimental results indicated a thickening

of the boundary layer and reduction of mean

shear with injection. Effectiveness of the

polymer injection suggests that the turbulence

scale shifts away from the small, energydissipating eddies. Further analysis using

normalized energy spectra also indicated this

effect

.

(6137) THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES FOR

A FLUSH-MOUNTED HOT-FILM ANEMOMETER IN THE STUDY OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS.

(b) Hydromechanics laboratory project.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Bruce Johnson.

(d) Trident Scholar thesis.

(e) A preliminary investigation has been made

concerning the calibration of flush-mounted

hot-film sensors in fully developed pipe flow.

Whereas most hot-film sensors measure the

time-average and fluctuating components of

velocity, the flush-mounted sensors have been

found to measure the mean and fluctuating

components of the wall shearing stress . The

flush-mounting permits qijialitative flow

observations in addition to measurements of

turbulent quantities without obstructing the

flow. Four methods of calibration are presented and compared: a graphical technique, a three-point fit, a least squares determination

and derivative technique. Each involves a fitting of the generalized King's Law eqmtion

to sensor calibration curves.

(f) Completed, I967.

(g) The calibration variables were found to be

functions of the individual sensors, thus no universal King's Law fits this type of sensor.

Meas-orements were also made of the normalized

fluctuating wall shear spectra.

(6209) SOME THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON

THE PROPULSION OF SWIMMING FLEXIBLE BODIES.

(b) National Science Foundation and Laboratory

projects

.

(c) Assoc. Prof. J. P. Uldrick, Engrg. Dept.,

U.S. Naval Academy.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) Three problems are currently under investi23h
gation:

(1) A theoretical determination of the propulsion efficiency of swimming flexible hydrofoils of finite thickness in two-dimensional

flow and an experimental investigation of the

thrust produced by the undulating body.

This phase of the project is essentially

complete

.

(2) A theoretical and experimental investigation into the propulsion of slender fishlike bodies. Senior research thesis.

(3) A study of the viscous effects on the drag

generated by an und\ilating flexible thin

hydrofoil in two-dimensional flow. Senior

research project.

(g) In problem (l) a theoretical analysis has been

carried out showing the energy exchange between a swimming flexible two-dimensional

hydrofoil of finite profile thickness and the

inviscid incompressible fluid in which the

body swims. The rate at which kinetic energy

is transferred to the fluid by the undulating

hydrofoil, the power required to maintain the

prescribed motion, and the resiolting power

available for propulsion have been calculated

in terms of the thickness, displacement and

rate of displacement of the hydrofoil.

Recent numerical results reveal that a very

large percentage of the power required to maintain the motion is used in the generation

of the wake whereas a very small percentage

of the prower available for propulsion comes from the wake.

(h) "On the Swimming of a Flexible Plate of

Arbitrary Finite Thickness," J. P. Uldrick and

J. Siekmann, Jour. Fluid Mech., Vol. 20, pp. 1-33, 196it. "On the Propulsion Efficiency of Swimming

Flexible Hydrofoils of Finite Thickness," J. P. Uldrick, Proc. 5th Natl. Conf. Appl. Mech.,

1966.

"On the Propulsion Efficiency of Flexible

Hydrofoil of Finite Thickness," J. P. Uldrick,

accepted for publication in Jour. Fluid Mech.,

7 Nov. 1967.

(6210) A METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF TSUMMI ENERGY

FROM TIDE GAUGE RECORDS USING COMPARATIVE

ANALYSIS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Midshipman Herman L. Dantzler, Jr., 1/C;

advisor is Assoc. Prof. Jerome Williams,

Naval Science Dept., U.S. Naval Academy.

(d) The project is theoretical, applied research

utilizing available data. It is a portion of

the Trident Scholar program.

(e) The project is attempting to establish a program whereby the energy and shoaling

heights of a tsunami may be estimated.

Energy values calculated from past tsunamis

at Hilo, Hawaii are being utilized after

correction for dispersion and epicenter distance are applied. An attempt will be made

to develop a forecasting technique to estimate tsunami relative energy utilizing these

previous data.

(6211) USE OF NON-LINEARITIES FOR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC

SERVO SYSTEM PERFORMANCE.

(b) Weapons Dept., U.S. Naval Academy.

(c) Assoc. Prof. Donald Haber, Weapons Dept.,

U.S. Naval Academy.

(e) This project is an investigation into improving hydraulic servo systems by the introduction of new or amplification of existing nonlinearities. By use of such non-linear

elements, a superior design may result. That

is, a design which improves response time, error and settling time while still maintaining

economy and power reqmrements.

(g) By use of certain numerical methods, a method

has been obtained to identify the non- linearities present in hydraulic or other

servo components. This method has now been

extended to use of these non-linearities in

design.

(6212) USE OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN WATER

BUDGET STUDIES.

(b) Weapons Dept., U.S. Naval Academy.

(c) Assoc. Prof. John F. Hoffman, Weapons Dept.,

U.S. Naval Academy.

(d) Experimental; applied research for further

application in another research project

"The Effect of Bank Storage on Reservoir Yield"

(Ph.D. Dissertation).

(e) Water budget equation is solved for research in

order to determine ground water contribution

to reservoir storage. Data processing, curve

fitting, and data extrapolation are involved.

Transient effect of drawdown in reservoir

level on ground water in storage simulated by means of a passive analog model. Practical

application is being made to data from

Fontana Reservoir (TVA) and Pepacton

Reservoir (n.Y. City Board of Water Supply).

U.S. NAVAL APPLIED SCIENCE LABORATORY, Fliishing

and Washington Aves . , Brooklyn, N.Y. 11251

(6428) MATERIALS FOR HIGH SPEED FLUID FLOW APPLICATIONS.

(b) Naval Ship Systems Command, Dept. of the Navy.

(c) A. Rufolo, Coatings Branch Head (Code 937), U.S. Naval Applied Science Lab.

(d) Experimental; applied research and development.

(e) Development of coatings and overlay materials

which can provide corrosion, erosion and antifouling protection in severe hydrodynamic

environments; of structural materials which

can resist erosion, primarily that produced

by cavitation. Studies are concerned with

screening of erosion resistant metallic and

elastomeric materials; with development of

high strength adhesives; with application

techniques; and with field evaluations.

Studies are performed in a "Cavitation Laboratory" which comprisi£ 'l) A Rotating Disk

Apparatus, (2) I^gnett striction Equipment,

(3) A High Speed Ventu -i Nozzle FaciHty and

(h) A High Sonic Energy Test Tank, j eld

trials have included experimental applications

on propellers and on Navy hydrofoils.

(g) Attachment, demonstrated to be a critical

problem, has been achieved with moderate

success on hydrofoils, through special attachment techniques and high strength adhesives.

Materials (metallic and elastomeric) with high

resistance to cavitation erosion have been

evaluated and catalogued.

(h) "Cavitation Damage Design Handbook," J.Z. Lichtman and E.R. Weingram, Lab. Proj . 9300-17,

Final Rept., 30 Sept., 196k, DDC Distribution

AD h60 32k.

"Cavitation Erosion Performance and Related

Properties of Cured Sheet Elastomeric Coating

Systems," J.Z. Lichtman, Jour, of Materials,

235
Vol. 2, No. 3, ASTM, 196?

.

"Erosion Resistance of Coatings," J.Z. Lichtman and D.H. Kallas, Materials Protection, Vol. 6, No. k, pp. kO-k'y, MCE, April

1967.

"Foil Weight Saving and Hydrofoil Performance," A. Rufolo, Naval Engrs. Jour.,

pp. 905-913, Oct. 1966.

"Cavitation Erosion Facilities and Developments at U.S. ISaval Applied Science Lab.,"

J.Z. Lichtman, D.H. Kallas and A. Rufolo,

Trans. Symp. on Testing Techniques in Ship

Cavitation Research 31 May - 2 June I967,

Norwegian Ship Model Experiment Tank, Technical Univ. of Norway, Trondheim, Norway.

Available from NASL, above address. Code 937.

YAT l-(d/AT^)'

NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY, Facilities

Engineering Comma-nd, U.S. Navy, Port Hueneme,

California 930i+l.

Inquiries concerning the following projects

should be addressed to Director, Amphibious

and Harbor Div., Code L55> Naval Civil Engrg.

Lab.

(6332) RUN-UP ON A BEACH OF IMPULSIVELY GENERATED

SURFACE GRAVITY WAVES FROM A NEAR-SHORE

DISTURBANCE.

(b) Defense Atomic Support Agency.

(d) Primarily experimental; basic and applied

research.

(e) Investigation, primarily through measurements

in a 90- by 90- by 3-foot basin, of the

height of r\m-up of the leading waves of a dispersive train, as a basis for prediction.

(g) Data analysis in progress.

(6333) RUN-UP ON PLANE-FACED WALLS OF IMPULSIVELY

GENERATED SURFACE GRAVITY WAVES FROM A NEARSHORE DISTURBADJCE.

(b) Defense Atomic Support Agency.

(d) Primarily experimental; basic and applied

research.

(e) Measurements in a 90- by 90- by 3- foot basin

of the height of run-up of the leading waves

of a dispersive train on plane-faced,

vertical and inclined walls mounted on a

sloping bottom at varying distances from

shore; to provide a basis for prediction.

(g) Data analysis in progress.

{633k) WAVE PRESSURE ON THE UNDER SIDE OF A

HORIZONTAL PIER.

(b) Defense Atomic Support Agency.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic and

and applied research.

(e) The hydrodynamic pressure on a flat plate

6 feet long by 1 foot wide, with long

dimension normal to the wave crests, was analyzed theoretically and studied experimentally in a 90- by 90- by 3-foot basin,

where the plate was mounted over a sloping

(lil't) bottom near the shore and over a horizontal bottom far from shore, and was subjected to dispersive wave trains.

(f) Completed.

(g) The pressijre histories contained slow-rise

and fast rise (impact) components. The

former varied from one to two times the

hydrostatic value. For the latter, an upper

limit of k.'y was found for the parameter

in which is specific weight, T is the

transmissibility (ratio of wave height after

attenuation by plate to incident wave height),

d is height of plate above the still water

level, and A is incident .wave amplitude,

(h) "Estimating Wave Pressures on a Horizontal

Pier," H. Wang, Naval Civil Engrg. Lab. Tech.

Rept. B-'ykG, 69 pp., Oct. 1967 (available

from CFSTI, Springfield, Va. 22151.)

(6335) HYDRODYKAMIC PRESSURE ON A VERTICAL WALL DUE

TO AN INCIDENT DISPERSIVE TRAIN OF SURFACE

GRAVITY WAVES.

(b) Defense Atomic Support Agency.

(d) Experimental; basic and applied research.

(e) Measurement of pressure histories on wall with

incident breaking and non-breaking waves.

(g) Data analysis in progress.

U.S. NAVY MIME DEFENSE LABORATORY , Panama City,

Florida 32k01

(6297) SHALLOW WATER WAVE RESEARCH.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. G.B. Avistin, Attn.: Code 713, U.S. Navy

Mine Defense Lab.

(d) Experimental field investigation; applied

research.

(e) A field investigation to measure the

variability of the wave element pressure in

shoaling water between two offshore platforms

is conducted, using arrays of sensors near

each of the two platforms. The ability to predict the modification and variability of

the wave element pressure in the nearshore

ocean is a goal of this investigation. The

statistical techniques for estimating power

spectra, cross power spectra and the directional spectra of waves are fxindamental tools

employed in the study.

(g) Estimates of directional spectra for different

boundary conditions of depth, sea state,

surface wind and time have been mapped for waves in the frequency band 0.15 Hz to 0.005

Hz. Results include examples of shallow water

wave measurements from conditions of the very

calm environment to those of hurricances of

the Northeast Gulf of Mexico.

(h) "A Data Processing System for Multiple Time

Series Analysis of Ocean Wave Induced Bottom

Pressure Fluctuations," C. Bennett, E. Pittman

and G. Austin, Proc . 1st U.S. Navy Symp. on Military Oceanography, Washington, D.C.,

Vol. 1, pp. 379-^*15, June 196I+. "An Annual Distribution of the Power Spectra

of Ocean Wave Induced Bottom Pressure

Fluctuations in the Near-Shore Gulf of Mexico,

CM. Bennett, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union kStln Ann. Mtg., Vol. k-Q, No. 1, Abstract, Mar.

1967, Published as USNMDL R and D Rept. 3kk-, Nov. 1967.

U.S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE , Washington, D. C. 20390

(6k'p2) OCEANOGRAPHIC CURRENT METER CALIBRATION.

236
("b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Gilbert Jaffe, Instrumentation Dept.,

Naval Oceanographic Office.

(d) Experimental, development.

(e) To develop and provide an environmental

laboratory facility for the study of improved

instrumentation methods in measuring ocean

current flow, and for testing and calibrating

of ocean meters under non-turbulent flow

conditions

.

(g) Non-turbulent flow is obtained in a recirculating water current system through the lowvelocity range from 0.01 to 5-0 knots. The

undisturbed space inside the flow tank provides the necessary water volume for test and

calibration of presently used rotor-type

current meters and for metrological investigation of flow measurement techniques.

(h) "Very Low Speed Water Current Facility," A. Carnvale and W.S. Wong, Instrumentation Dept.,

Naval Oceanographic Office (in preparation).

{6k5h) WAVE FORECASTING RESEARCH.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr, John J. Schule, Jr., Acting Director,

Research and Development Dept. (Code 70).

(d) Applied research involving field experiments

with wind-generated ocean waves

.

(e) Development of automated wave prediction

techniques on an ocean-wide basis; present

emphasis is directed to measurement of

directional spectra in deep and shallow water

by airborne techniques and study of low level

winds and temperature from ARGUS ISLAND Tower.

(h) "Preliminary Investigation of Ocean Wave

Height as Obtained from Stereo Wave Photographs," L.S. Simpson, NAVOVEANO Informal

Manuscript, No. 67-I, Jan. I967.

"On the Interpretation of Fetch- Limited Wave Spectra as Measured by an Airborne Sea-Swell

Recorder," T.P. Barnett and J.C. Wilkerson,

NAVOCEAUO Tech. Rept. TR-191, May I967.

(Also see: Jo\ar. Marine Research, Vol. 25, Wo. 3, Sept. 1967, pp. 292-328).

U.S. NAVAL ORDNAUCE LABORATORY, White Oak, Silver

Spring, Maryland 20910

ih86l) HYDROEA.LLISTICS RESEARCH.

(b) Naval Ordnance Systems Command, Dept. of the

Navy.

(c) Dr. A.E. Seigel, Chief, Ballistics Dept.,

U.S. Naval Ordnance Lab.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic and applied

research.

(e) The purpose is to study high velocity water

entry as related directly or indirectly to the behavior of missiles. The study includes

the stability and forces during the entry,

cavity development and pressure, and the

missile trajectory. A wide range of developmental and research configurations and of

experimental conditions are investigated.

The missiles are launched from gas or powder

guns. A large tank facility was completed near the

end of 1966. This facility, which was designed for use with large, high-speed missiles,

is supplemented by a smaller, lower-speed

tank. Both tanks are suited to such experimental projects as water entry, water exit,

and trajectory studies, and both permit

atmospheric pressure reduction for water-entry

scaling. Current programs involve: axial

impact forces, press-ure in the water-entry

cavity, propulsion and stability of non- buoyant missiles, and prevention of vortex

shedding.

(g) Results of recent studies include: verification of hydrodynamic shocktube predictions,

water-impact drag coefficients for cones; prevention of vortex shedding by means of

splitter plates; simulation of underwater

rocket behavior.

(h) "A Preliminary Study of the Mechanism of

Water-Entry Whip of 20° Cone Nosed Models,"

J.O. Gurney, Jr., WOLTR 66-li|8, I966.

"A Doppler Radar System to Obtain Water Impact

Drag Coefficients," D.F. Gates, R.J. Haislmaier

and L.L. Hill, Second Intl. Congr. on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation

Facilities, Stanford Univ . , I966.

"The Water Entry Problem with Bibliography,

W.E. Parr, WOLTR 66-173, 1966.

"Hydrodynamic Pressure Measurements of the

Vertical Water Entry of a Sphere," W.R. Hoover and V.C.D. Dawson, WOLTR 66-70, 1966.

"Cavity Shapes at Vertical Water Entry—

A

Comparison of Calculated and Observed Shapes,"

H.I. Abelson, NOLTR 67-31, 1967

.

U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, Dept. of Mechanical

Engineering, Monterey, California 939*1-0.

(6058) JET ATTACHMENT TO OFFSET CONVEX COANDA WALLS.

(b) Dept. of the Army, Harry Diamond Labs.

(c) T. Sarpkaya, Prof, and Chairman, Dept. of

Mechanical Engrg., U.S. Naval Postgraduate

School.

(d) Theoretical and experimental study of the

pressure and velocity distribution over a convex wall set back relative to the power

jet. Basic research for M.S. thesis.

(e) Primary objectives of the research are to determine the size of the attachment bubble

and to establish the significance of the wall

curvature on the coanda effect.

(g) Preliminary studies show that a convex-walled

bistable amplifier has a relatively higher

pressure recovery.

(h) "Performance Characteristics of Straight,

Concave, and Convex Walled Vented and Unvented

Bistable Amplifiers," T. Sarpkaya, Internal

Report to Harry Diamond Laboratories, July

1967.

(6059) SWIRLING FLOWS IN TUBES AND VORTEX BREAKDOWN.

(b) Dept. of the Army, Harry Diamond Labs.

(c) Dr. T. Sarpkaya; see (6058) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental work for master's

thesis.

(e) To determine the circulation distribution in

tubes and the effect of the adverse pressure

gradient on vortex breakdown.

(h) "Forced and Periodic Vortex Breakdown," T. Sarpkaya, Jour. Basic. Engrg., Trans. ASME,

Sept. 1967, pp. 609-616.

(6060) A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

OF WIND-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS OF ELASTIC BODIES.

(b) National Aeronautics and Space Admin.

(c) Dr. T. Sarpkaya; see (6058) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental work for M.S. and Ph.D. theses.

(e) Lift and drag forces and the frequency of the

237
oscillations of slender bodies subjected to

wind forces are determined through the \ise of

discrete vortices and potential flow theory,

(g) Preliminary studies show that the potential

flow analysis may be used to accurately predict the drag forces and to establish an appropriate scale factor.

(6061) A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

OF VIRTUAL MASS IN STRATIFIED FLUIDS.

(b) Departmental project.

(c) Dr. T. Sarpkaya; see (6058) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental work for master's

thesis.

(e) To detennine the virtual mass and the forces

acting on a body immersed in a uniformly

stratified fluid.

(g) Experiments are being conducted using salt

water solution in a rectangular tank with

circular cylinders of various diameters. The

cylinder is oscillated with frequencies

ranging from O.5 to 6 cps. The forces are recorded with the help of a strain gage

transducer.

(6062) THRUST CONTROL IN A TRANSONIC NOZZLE WITH

SWIRLING FLOW.

(b) Departmental project.

(c) Dr. T. Sarpkaya; see (6O58) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental study of the

velocity and pressure distribution and the

thrust in a transonic nozzle. Applied

theoretical and experimental research for

master's thesis.

Primary objectives of the research are to determine the relationship between the mass

flow used in the generation of the vortex

motion to the thrust provided by the nozzle

and to develop a non-moving system of thrust

control through the use of the vortex motion,

(g) Preliminary studies show that the magnitude

of the thrust may be varied from 100^ to 60^ with a swirled mass flow to nozzle mass

flow ratio ranging from 0 to

(e)

U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, Dept. of Meteorology

and Oceanography , Monterey, California 939^+0

(6593) OCEAN STUDIES.

(b) Naval Oceanographic Office, Ocean Prediction

Div.

(c) Dr. G.H. Jung, Prof, of Oceanography, Dept.

of Meteorol. and Oceanog., Naval Postgraduate

School.

(d) Field and theoretical investigation; applied

research and development.

(e) Intensive field studies are analyzed for

contributions toward development of an ocean forecasting model (both subjective and

objective); theoretical ocean model study

results are incorporated as well.

(g) Four intensive survey areas have been

analyzed; recent numerical ocean model

results have been reviewed and portions of

the synoptic surveys and the ocean model findings are being synthesized into a prediction

model.

(h) "An Examination of Synoptic Oceanographic

Data," Glenn H. Jung, Naval Oceanographic

Office Tech. Rept. T-197 (ASWEPS Kept. N0.I3),

21 pp., May 19^1 • (60 cents from Naval Oceanog.

Off., Washington, D. C. 20390.

(h)

In Press: Naval Oceanographic Office Informal

Manuscripts

:

"Further Analyses of Upper Ocean Variability ,

Glenn H. Jung, May I967;

"Synoptic Data Analyses of the I966 USNS

Gilliss Cruises kO^-Gj and kOh-67 and

Related Art Observations," Glenn H. Jung,

Aug. 1967;

"Certain Ocean Models and Their Application

Toward a Numerical Gulf Stream Forecasting

Model," Glenn H. Jung, Dec. I967.

(659^^) NEARSHORE WAVE REFRACTION STUDIES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Glenn H. Jung; see (6593) above.

(d) Theoretical; for Masters thesis.

(e) Tide level and bottom friction effects on

wave refraction as determined by numerical

wave refraction procedures.

(f) Suspended.

(g) A uniform increase in water level, as caused

by tidal fluctuations can cause a significant

change in the wave refraction pattern for a given nearshore region. Computing procedure

is developed to permit ntmerical refraction

programs to account for bottom friction.

Reduction in wave height caused by bottom

friction depends primarily on bottom slope

(relation is shown in table and graph).

"Tide Level and Bottom Friction Effects on Wave Refraction as Determined by Numerical

Wave Refraction Procedures," Charles A. Farrell, Jr., Master's thesis, NPGS, Dept.

of Meteorol. and Oceanog., 60 pp., June 1967.

Available from DDC, except to foreign

governments or foreign nationals who should

contact Librarian, NPGS)

.

(6595) TURBUIENCE MEASUREMENTS.

(b) Naval Ordnance Test Sta., China Lake.

(c) Dr. T. Green and Warren W. Denner, Asst.

Profs, of Oceanography, Dept. of Meteorol.

and Oceanog., NPGS.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Turbulence measurements are made and examined

within a few inches of the surface of a pond.

(6596) CONVECTION.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Dr. T. Green, Asst. Prof, of Oceanography,

Dept. of Meteorol. and Oceanog., NPGS.

(d) Numerical; theoretical.

(e) Various cases of Benard convection are examined with rapidly varying fluid properties.

(6597) OCEAN CURRENT CALCULATIONS.

(b) Fleet Numerical Weather Facility, Monterey,

Calif.

(c) Warren W. Denner, Asst. Prof, of Oceanography,

Dept. of Meteorol. and Oceanog., NPGS.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Calculation of surface circulation from

driving forces.

(6598) DEVELOPMENT OF A RESISTANCE TIDE GAUGE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Warren W. Denner; see (6597) above.

(d) Experimental and field investigation.

(e) Develop a simple resistance element tide gauge.

(g) Preliminary investigation shows design

feasible.

(h) "A Simple Resistance Tide Ga\;ige," Norman

Pigeon and Warren W. Denner, Marine Science

Instrumentation, Vol. IV, Jan. I968.

I 238
(6599) CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVITY WAVES OF PERMWEWT

FORM.

(b) Coastal Engineering Research Council.

(c) Dr. Joseph J. von Schwind, Assoc. Prof, of

Oceanography, Dept. of Meteorol. and Oceanog.,

NPGS; Robert 0. Reid, Dept. of Oceanography,

Texas A and M Univ., College Station, Texas

(d) Theoretical; applied research for doctoral

dissertation.

(e) Determine fourier type coefficients for

description of the wave profile, the surface

particle velocity, and the surface particle

trajectory from a conformal mapping approach.

(g) Procedure applies for a wide range of relative

water depths and relative wave heights.

U.S. mVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, Dept. of Aeronautics , Monterey, California 939^0

(6588) COMPUTER SIMULATION OF TURBULEWCE.

(h) Naval Radiological Defense Lab.

(c) Prof. T.H. Gawain, Dept. of Aeronautics,

Code 57 Gn, Naval Postgraduate School.

(d) Theoretical; basic research for PhD.

(e) The energy transfer from a shear flow to turbulence is being investigated using a

computer.

(g) Reports forthcoming in I968.

(6589) UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Assoc. Prof. L.V. Schmidt, Dept. of Aeronautics,

Code 57 Sx, Naval Postgraduate School.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

at PhD level.

(e) Unsteady pressures are being measured using

multiple arrays of static pressure orifices.

The bluff body is moved to permit correlation

between pressure variations and motion. Data

are being assessed for application to calculation of flutter boundaries.

(6590) LIGHT SCATTERING IN TWO-PHASE FLOW.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Asst. Prof. D.C. Wooten, Dept. of Aeronautics,

Code 57 Wf, Naval Postgraduate School.

(d) Experimental; applied research at MSAE level.

(e) By measuring scattered light at several

wavelengths of laser radiation (H^N^ and Argon

lasers) the average particle volume and surface area can be determined. Extinction or attenuation measurements are also being con- ducted .

(6882) HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY.

(b) Office of Naval Research.

(c) Prof. Allen E. Fuhs, Dept. of Aeronautics,

Code 57 Fu, Naval Postgraduate School.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied

research for MSAE and PhD.

(e) Three dimensional distributions of density

are to be measured using holographic interferometry

.

(f) New project.

(g) See Technical Note in Journal of Applied

Physics, Jan. 68.

(6883) HELICOPTER BLADE STALL.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Assoc. Prof. J.A. Miller, Dept. of Aeronautics,

Code 57 Mo, Naval Postgraduate School.

d) Experimental; applied research for PhD.

e) Using a wind tunnel which provides harmonic

variation in velocity stall of helicopter

blades is being investigated using pressure

taps, tufts and hot wire anemometers.

mvAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, Washington, D.C. 20390

{6k8k) FLOW ACOUSTICS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Mr. Charles W. Votaw, Code 8l3i4^, Naval

Research Lab.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Study the vibrational response and radiated

sound of an elastically supported cylinder at low Reynolds number, and to study the von

Karman vortex street behind such a cylinder.

(g) The limits of vibration amplitude and frequency

necessary to align the vorticity parallel to

the cylinder have been reported. The strength

of these aligned vortices has been determined

from photographs of the streak lines using

a Hamel-Oseen vortex model.

The oscillating lift coefficient has been

found for an oscillating circular cylinder at low Reynolds number.

(h) "The Vortex Wakes of Vibrating Cylinders at Low Reynolds Numbers," G.H. Koopmann, Jour. FlmdMech., Vol. 28, Pt. 3, pp. 501-512,

1967.

(61185) SUBMERGED WAKE COLLAPSE IN A STRATIFIED

FLUID.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Allen H. Schooley, Code 83O3, Bldg. 208,

Naval Research Lab.

(d) Experimental exploratory research.

(e) Models have been used to demonstrate and

obtain quantitative data on the novel

phenomenon of vertical collapse of the tur- bulent wake of a self-propelled body moving

in a fluid with a vertical density gradient.

(f) Low level of activity.

(g) The time between turbulent mixing and maximum

vertical expansion of the wake before vertical

collapse starts if Cltll-T, where T is the local

Vaisala- Brunt period. Time after mixing

for the maximum rate of horizontal spreading

to occur is about 2.0T. The collapsing

vertical wake has been shown to be an efficient

generator of internal waves.

(6389) WIND FIELD NEAR A DISTURBED WATER SURFACE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. Allen H. Schooley; see (6388) above.

(d) Experimental exploratory research.

(e) Small, substantially neutrally buoyant soap

bubbles have been used in a small water- wind tunnel to measure the movement of many

particles of air as they generate short fetch

wind waves.

(f) Low level of activity.

(g) Data have been obtained to show the statistical

distributions of horizontal, vertical, and

lateral movements of air particles above

the trough, crest, and intermediate points

along a wave generated by a medium velocity

short fetch wind.

(6390) SURFACE EFFECTS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING INTERNAL WAVES.

(b) Laboratory project.
(c) Dr. Allen H. Schooley; see (6388) above.

(d) Experimental field exploratory research.

(e) Experiments are being conducted in Georgia

Strait (l|-9°N, 123°W) using instrumentation on

a small float that follows the waves and makes

near surface temperature difference and water

current measurements.

(f) Low level of activity.

(g) Measurements have shown horizontal velocities

10 cm below the undulating surface of the sea of about ±25 cm/second associated with the

passage of natural internal waves in late June

and early August.

mVAL SHIP EHGIHEERIMG CEMTER, PHILADELPHIA DIVISIOM

(Formerly, Naval Boiler and Turbine Lab.), Phila.,

Pennsylvania 19112

(3623) HIGH PRESSUKE-TEMPERATUEE WATER FLOW METER

CALIBRATION.

(b) Naval Ship Engr. Center.

(c) Mr. J.W. Murdock, Head, Appl. Physics Dept.,

Naval Ship Engrg. Ctr.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A facility is available for calibrating with

water at pressiires and temperatures up to 2500 psi and 6OO F respectively. Capacity

is 100 gpm at maximum pressure and temperature

and greater at lower pressures and temperatures . After flowing through the metering

section the water is cooled and weighed. The

facility is also used to investigate and

verify orifice meter coefficients at pressures

and temperatures above those at which the

coefficients in use were established. A

number of flow meters which measure the flow

in nuclear reactor loops have been calibrated.

(f) Inactive.

(g) A limited amount of test data indicate good

agreement between orifice flow rates obtained

by calibration at high pressures and temperatures and those obtained by extrapolating

from cold water calibrations. Other meter

tests show the need to include suitable

corrections for change in shape, size,

density, etc.

(14-001) HIGH PRESSURE STEAM AHD WATER FLOW TESTS.

(b) American Soc. of Mechanical Engrs.

(c) Mr. J.W. Murdock; see (3623) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Although the ASME Research Committee on Fluid

Meters has sponsored many fundamental research

programs dealing with the development of basic

constants used with primary elements, hardly

any of this work has been done on steam flow

at high pressures and temperatures. Neither

has research been done on high temperature

water flow. Analysis of many tests indicate

that the basic calibration obtained with low

temperature water (air and gas) could be

extrapolated with high accuracy to the measurement of high pressure and temperature steam

and water flow provided suitable corrections

were made for the change in the shape and size

of the primary element, the pipe and the

fluid. This procedure has been experimentally

verified for steam up to 2000 psi and IO5O F and for water to 2500 psi and 60O F. (f) Completed.

(g) Nozzles and orifices were calibrated with

water at 2k-0 F, 2200 psia, and with steam at

1050 F, 2000 psia. Pipe Reynolds numbers

averaged 600,000 for the water and 4,000,000

for the steam. Coefficients were generally

in agreement with ASME predicted coefficients.

Two and a quarter percent (2 l/h'fo) chromemolybdenum steel proved unsatisfactory for the

steam nozzles showing rusting and pitting

after less than 10 hours. Type k^O stainless

steel was substituted and was satisfactory.

(h) "ASME Research on High Pressure-High Temperature Steam and Water Flow Measurements," J.W.

Miirdock, ASME Jour. Basic Engrg., Vol. 87, I965.

(5286) MEASUREMENT OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITY OF STEAM.

(b) Jointly with Office of Naval Research.

(c) Mr. J.W. Murdock; see (3623) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Objective is to obtain precise knowledge of

acoustic velocity values for steam in liquidvapor and vapor phase. Data will be obtained

at conditions up to 5000 psi and 800°F,

(f) Completed.

(g) A research facility was designed and erected

to determine the velocity of sound in superheated steam at pressures and temperatures

to 5000 psi and 800°F. A vibrating quartz

crystal was used to set up a series of standing waves in cylindrical acoustic chamber.

Frequency and wave length were determined at steam conditions up to 3^00 psia and 719°F.

Experimental results show close agreement with

velocities computed from the 196? international formulations for steam. Velocity

of sound in high press\jre steam can be determined more accurately by ultrasonic methods

than from calculated values based on currently available tables of thermodynamic

steam properties.

(h) "Measurement of Acoustic Velocity in Steam,

J. Woodburn and Y.J. Fostyk, KAVSECPHILADIV

Rapt. A-^k7, 31 Oct. 1967 (obtain from DDC,

Cajneron Station, Alex., Va. 223±k)

.

U.S. NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER, 3202 E. Foothill

Blvd., Pasadena, Calif. 91107

(I4.I4.3I4.) SHROUDED PROPELLER DESIGN.

(b) Naval Ordnance Systems Command, Dept. of the

Navy.

(c) Commander, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Attn: Mr. J.F. Reynolds, Code P25l(-2. (d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Perturbation velocities induced by shroud and

propeller are determined analytically. A

solution to these equations representing the

perturbation velocities is presented as a series of computer programs which describe

the velocities at any location including

solutions at the singularities. This study

provides information to solve the fluid

boundary problem for a shrouded propeller

configuration with any blade circulation,

shroud and central body shape. Accounting

for all fluid boundary interactions and their

resulting effect on the perturbed flow will

give an improved estimate of the propeller

inflow required in the design of the shroudpropeller blade system,

(g) A computer program describing induced

propeller radial velocities has been ex"tended to include the effect of a moderately loaded

propeller on a specified non-uniform inflow.

21+0
To accomplish this an iteration scheme using

Lerb's subroutine was incorporated in the

program. Solutions to radial and axial perturbation velocities induced by the shroud are available as computer programs. The computer

programs describing the axial velocities include velocities off the propeller plane.

Separate solutions are being obtained to describe velocities in the neighborhood of and

on the cylindrical vortex surface representing

the shroud.

(4868) NOW-NEWTOWIM FLUIDS.

(b) Maval Ordnance Systems Command.

(c) Commander, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Attn: Dr. A.G. Fabula, Code P25I+. (d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) A study is being made of viscoelastic stresses

due to rapid elongational deformation of

dilute polymer solutions. The work may lead

to" better understanding of the friction re- duction which many polymer solutions display

in turbulent flows through pipes and past

submerged objects.

(g) "Suspended outlet" and orifice flows can be

used to study the stresses and energy transfer

or dissipation which occur when fluids are subjected to rapid elongational deformations. In suspended outlet flow, fluid is pulled by

viscoelastic stresses out of a quiet pool up to a low-pressure outlet. In orifice flow,

fluid is forced through a small hole into

a free jet. Results indicate that viscoelastic

properties can be investigated in these ways

for more dilute solutions than possible heretofore. Aqueous solutions of poly (ethylene

oxide) and guar gum behave very differently

in these flows , although both additives are effective friction reducers.

(6585) TURBULEKT BOUNDARY LAYER STUDIES WITH POLYMER

ADDITIVES USING BUOYANTLY PROPELLED VEHICLES.

(b) Naval Ordnance Systems Command, Dept. of the

Navy.

(c) Commander, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Attn: H.V.L. Patrick, Code V23k2.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Static wall pressure fluctuations beneath

turbulent water boimdary layers, with and

without high-molecular -weight polymer ejection,

are being investigated using buoyantly propelled vehicles with vertical trajectories.

Power spectral density and space-time corre- lation analysis are being performed on the

data to determine the effect of certain

polymer additives on the fundamental structure

of turbulent boundary layer flow.

(g) Information collected in plain water is very

similar to data published by other investigators.

(h) "Flow Noise Inside Boundary Layers of Buoyancy - Propelled Test Vehicles," C.R. Nisewanger and B.F. Sperling, NAWJEPS Rept.

3511, April 1965.

(6586) THRUST DEDUCTION CALCULATION FOR PROPELLER

DRIVEN AXISYMMETRIC BODIES.

(b) Naval Ordnance Systems Command, Dept. of the

Navy.

(c) Commander, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Attn: David M. Nelson, Code P25'i2. (d) Theoretical.

(e) A method for calculating the thrust deduction

of axisymmetric bodies driven by single or counter-rotating propellers has been developed.

2k

This method accounts for the radial distribution of bound circulation of the propellers

and the radial distribution of inflow velocity

to the propellers. The calculation has been

reduced to an integration over the propeller

disc involving the velocities induced there

by the body. Hence, the Douglas potential

flow computer program for axisymmetric bodies

can be used as the principal tool for carrying

out the calculation.

(6587) WALL PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS BENEATH TURBULENT

WATER BOUNDARY LAYERS WITH POLYMER ADDITIVES.

(b) Naval Ordnance Systems Command, Dept. of the

Navy.

(c) Commander, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Attn: H.V.L. Patrick, Code P25I+2 or J. Caraher, Code P25iH.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) The wall pressure fluctuations of fully

established turbulent pipe flow will be

measured; power spectral density and spacetime correlation analysis will be performed

on the data. Boundary layer profiles and

wall skin friction will also be measured.

Studies will be performed with a blow down

pipe flow test facility using plain water and

various high-molecular -weight polymer

solutions. The tunnel will consist of a very smooth 't— inch diameter stainless steel test section 120 diameters in length and will

coyer a test Reynolds number range of O.7 x 10° to 2.2 X 10°. The results will help

determine the structure of turbulent boundary

layer flow with polymer additives

.

U.S. NAVY UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER, SAN DIEGO

DIVISION , 271 Catalina Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92152.

(6125) ADVANCED TOWED SYSTEMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) C.N. Miller, Program Mgr., U.S. Navy Undersea

Warfare Ctr., San Diego Div., Code D602.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) The main objective of the project is to develop rigorous design procedures for high

speed towed systems through correlation of

both model and full scale tests and computer

simulations

.

(g) E:)(rperimental results to date have indicated

good agreement with the computer simulation.

(h) "Experimental Determination of the Dynamic

Coefficients Applicable to Faired Cables,"

A. Goodman, T.T. Huang and R.J. Etter, Hydronautics. Inc. Tech. Rept. 530-2, 28 pp. "An Experimental Investigation of the Static

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Several

Simulated Faired Cables Having Symmetrical

NACA Airfoil Sections," R.J. Etter and T.T. Huang, Hydronautics , Inc. Tech. Rept. 530-li

267 pp. "Boundary-Layer Flow Visi;alization on Several

Simulated Faired Cables Having Symmetrical

NACA Airfoil Sections," T.T. Huang and R.J. Etter, Hydronautics Inc., Tech. Rept. 530-3,

70 pp. "Cable-Towed Underwater Body Design," P.O. Laitinen, NEL/REPORT 1^52, 9^+ pp. "Tests and Investigations of a High Speed

Towed Sonar Cable - Final Report," J.N. Brion,

H. R. Franch and A. Kawad, Boeing No. D2-133006-

I, Cont. No. 53213A.
"Faired Towcable Divergence CriteriSMr" G.A.

Hegemier, NEL/CR-21+, KEL Contractor Rept.

prepared for NEL High Resolution Sonar Div.,

2k pp. "Body of Revolution Drag Calculations in

Response to Navy Electronic Laboratory P.O.

953/l'<^002/6iJ-," Bruce H. Carmichael, M0L-BHC-6'+-

30, 21 pp., Marine Ordnance Lab., Space and

Information Systems Div., North American

Aviation, Inc. "Computer Study to Establish the Lower Limit

of Length-to-Diameter Ratio Advisable for Low- Drag Bodies," Bruce H. Carmichael and Oswin

Nieh\:iss, Final Rept. SID 6k-193Q, 32 pp. "Boundary Layer Calculations for Some Specific

Two- and Three-Dimensional Bodies," Harry B. Bowers and Bruce H. Carmichael, Final Rept.

Contract No. Noo 123-67-C-0590, C7-875/020,

37 pp. "Two-Dimensional Airfoil Literature Survey,

B.H. Carmichael and Dallas Meggitt, Rept.

C6-I796/02O, 62 pp. (6372) OCEANOGRAPHIC AND INTERNAL WAVE RESEARCH.

(b) Naval Ship Systems Command.

(c) Dr. Eugene C. LaFond, Head, Marine Environment

Div., Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr.

(d) Projects are experimental, theoretical, and

field investigative; and some are basic re- search and applied research.

(e) Investigate and report on factors in physical

oceanography which pertain to underwater sound,

including physical properties such as sound

velocity, thermal structure, water motion;

and chemical properties such as salinity and

oxygen. Results apply to convoy, submarine and

amphibious operations; and submarine detection.

Provide oceanographic consultation and

assistance for other problems.

To investigate experimental developments and

theory of internal waves in the ocean. Design

and perform experiments to obtain needed

military information.

(g) See (h).

(h) "Chemical Nutrient Concentrations and Their

Relationship to Internal Waves and Tiorbidity

Off Southern California," F.A.J. Armstrong and

E.G. LaFond, Limnol. and Oceanog., Vol. 11, pp. 538-5'<-7, Oct. 1966.

"Precise Positioning for Deep Mooring," E.G.

Buffington, U.S. Naval Institute Proc, Vol. 93, pp. isg-ii+s, Aug. 1967.

"Depth and Strength of the Seasonal Thermocline

in Shallow Water off Southern California,

J.L. Cairns, Proc. 3rd U.S. Wavy Symp. on Military Oceanography, Vol. 2, pp. 27-38,

May 1966, Naval Electronics Lab.

"Asymmetry of Internal Tidal Waves in Shallow

Coastal V'aters," J.L. Cairns, Jour. Geophys.

Res., Vol. 72, pp. 3563-3565, 15 July I967.

"Periodic Motion of the Seasonal Thermocline

Along the Southern California Coast," J.L. Cairns and E.G. LaFond, Jour. Geophys. Res.,

Vol. 71, pp. 3903-3915, 15 Aug. 1966.

"Shallow Water Sound Transmission Paths from

the USNEL Oceanographic Research Tower off

Mission Beach, "P.G. Hansen and O.S. Lee, Nav. Electronics Lab., Proc. 3rd U.S. Navy Symp. on Military Oceanography, Vol. 2, pp. 263-27'+,

May 1966.

"Internal Waves," E.G. LaFond, Encyclopedia of

Oceanography, pp. l+02-'+08, Reinhold, I966.

"Upwelling," E.G. LaFond, Encyclopedia of

Oceanography, Reinhold, 1966, pp. 957-959.

"Upwelling," E.G. LaFond, Encyclopedia of

2i+2

Science and Technology, McGraw-Hill, 15 vol.,

1966.

"Internal Thermal Structures in the Ocean,

E.G. LaFond and K.G. LaFond, Jour. Hydronautics, Vol. 1, pp. '+8-53, July I967.

"Temperature Structure in the Upper 21+0 Meters of the Sea," The New Thrust Seaward: Trans. Third Ann. MIS Conf. and Exhibit, Jxme

1967, San Diego, Calif., Marine Technology

Soc, 1967.

"Deep Submergence Log No. 3, for Period k

' September thro-ugh 23 Decejiber I966." Navy

Electronics Lab., Feb. I967.

"Sea-Surface Temperature Estimation--Use of

Regression Models for Time/space Interpolation

of Sea-Surface Temperature Observations," E.R. Anderson, Navy Electronics Lab. Rept. 11+27, 9 March I967.

"Sea-Surface Temperature Estimation; Time

Series Length Necessary for Long-Time Estimation of Sea-Surface Temperature," E.R. Anderson

and C.J. Van Vliet, Navy Electronics Lab.

Rept. 11+29, 17 Jan. I967.

"Internal Tides off Southern California," W. Krauss, Navy Electronics Lab. Rept. I389,

6 July 1966.

"Interaction Between Surface and Internal

Waves in Shallow Water," W. Krauss, Navy

Electronics Lab. Rept. 11+32, 30 Jan. I967.

"U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory's Oceanographic Research Tower: Its Development and

Utilization," E.G. LaFond, Navy Electronics

Lab. Rept. 131+2, 22 Dec. I965.

"Vertical and Horizontal Thermal Structures

in the Sea," E.G. LaFond and K.G. LaFond,

Navy Electronics Lab. Rept. 1395, 29 July

1966.

"Physiological Dynamics of Siphonophores From

Deep Scattering Layers," G.V. Pickwell, Navy

Electronics Lab. Rept. I369, 20 April 1966.

"A Predictive Horizontal-Temperature-Gradient

Model of the Upper 750 Feet of the Ocean,

E.L. Smith, Wavy Electronics Lab. Rept. 11+1+5, 17 March I967.

"Sea-Surface Temperatiire Estimation: Autocorrelation, Regression, and Trend Analysis

of Six Sea-Surface Temperature Time-Series,"

C.J. Van Vliet and E.R. Anderson, Navy

Electronics Lab. Rept. 11+28, 17 January 1967.

"Simj.litude Conditions for Modeling Icebreaker

Operations," C. Richardson, Naval Engrs. Jour.,

Vol. 78, pp. IO39-IOI+I+, Dec. 1966.

"Nfeterials for Deep Submergence," J.G. Thompson and R.K. Logan, Oceanology Intl.,

Vol. 2, pp. 2I+-27, March/April I967.

U.S. NAVY UNDERWATER SOUND LABORATORY , Fort Trumbull,

New London, Connecticut 06 321

(6266) HYDRODYTIAMIC NOISE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(d) Dr. Howard H. Schloemer, U.S. Navy Underwater

Sound Lab.

(e) Experimental investigations are being con- ducted in both acoustic wind and water tunnels

to determine the statistical properties of

boundary pressure , such as power spectrum,

longitudinal and lateral cross-spectra, diagonal correlations, convection speeds and

space-time correlations. This work is accom- plished in both zero and mild gradients with
smooth and varying degrees of wall roughness.

All sensors are mounted flush to the wall.

Experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions. With these studies it is

hoped to be able to more completely describe

the noise field produced by turbulent flow.

Convective velocity of pressure fluctuations

in the turbulent boundary, which are the

soxarces of noise, are traveling at about the

same velocity as the mean flow and are freq^uency dependent. In the frequency range of

500 Hz to 10 kHz, the noise is uncorrelated

after a distance of one inch along flow

direction. Data taken in both acoustic-wind

and water tunnels showed excellent agreement

.

The effect of an adverse (positive) gradient

on the nondimensionalized spectral density

was an increase in the low frequency content

without influencing the high frequency portion

appreciably; a sharp decrease in the high

frequency portion was observed for the favorable (negative) pressure gradient. At similar

nondimensionalized longitudinal separations

and frequencies the convection velocity ratio was higher in the favorable and lower in the

adverse pressure gradients. The longitudinal

decay of a particular eddy was more rapid in

the adverse and slower in the favorable

pressure gradients. Wo differences were found

in the lateral cross-spectral density for the

different pressure gradients. Experimentation

has shown that the viscous sub-layer can not

be considered as a passive, viscously dominated region but that it plays an active role

in the generation and maintenance of a turbiilent shear flow. The streamwise fluctuating

velocity exhibits an instantaneous linear

behavior in the coordinate direction normal

to the wall, which is further confirmed by

the appropriate nondimensionalization of the

energy spectra of the streamwise fluctuating

velocity. In addition, the instantaneous

streamwise fluctuating velocity continues to exhibit a behavior very similar to the mean velocity throughout the transition region

between the sublayer and the fully developed

part of the flow. Secondly, the dominant

structure of the flow within the wall region

consists of randomly distributed counterrotating, eddy pairs of elongated streamwise

extent. The occurrence within the viscous

sublayer and the adjacent transition region

of this dominant nonlinear process of vortex

stretching of counter-rotating eddy pairs of

elongated streamwise extent thus indicates

that linearized theory of the sublayer can not

fully describe the flow in this region. A

theoretical investigation of the acoustic

pressure spectral density and cross spectral

density in a closed space behind a rectangular,

simply supported, flow excited flat plate has

been completed.

Simplified expressions have been derived to predict the maximum acoustic pressure spectral

density for a given set of input parameters

over a portion of the frequency range of

interest

.

Analytic solutions for the plate velocity cross spectral density and spectral density of tur- bulent flow excited flat plates have been

obtained using Corcos ' model of the turbulent

pressure statistics. Agreement between

computer results and existing experimental

data was good. Based on these data, a simple

mathematical expression has been derived to

2h-i

predict the maximum plate velocity spectral

density for given input parameters over a portion of the frequency range of interest,

(h) "Wall Pres sure Correlation in Turbulent Pipe

Flow," H.P. Bakewell, Jr., G.F. Carey, J.J. Libuha, H.H. Schloemer and W.A. VonWinkle,

USL Rept. No. 559, 30 Aug. I962.

"Longitudinal Space-Time Correlation Function

in Turbulent Airflow," H.P. Bakewell, Jr., Jour. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. 35, Mo. 6, pp. 936-937, June 1963.

"Harrow-Band Investigations of the Longitudinal Space-Time Correlation Function in Turbulent Airflow," H.P. Bakewell, Jr., Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 36, Mo. 1, pp. 146-

XhQ, January 1964.

"A Unified Theory of Turbulent Wall Pressure

Fluctuations," F.M. White, USL Rept. No. 629, 1 December 196'-l-. "Experimental Hydrophone -Size Correction

Factor for Boundary- Layer Pressure Fluctuations," R.B. Gilchrist and W.A. Strawderman,

Jour. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. 38, Mo. 2, pp. 298-302, Aug. 1965.

"Effects of Pressure Gradients on Turbulent

Boundary-Layer Wall-Pressure Fluctuations,"

H.H. Schloemer, USL Rept. Wo. 747, 1 July

1966. "An Experimental Investigation of the Viscous

Sublayer in Turbulent Pipe Flow," H.P.

Bfi.kewell, Ph.D. dissertation. The Pennsylvania State Univ., Sept, 1966.

"Acoustic Turbulent Water-Flow Tunnel,

Jour, Acoust, Soc, Amer., Vol. 41, Wo. 2, pp. 373-379, Feb, 1967.

"The Acoustic Field in a Closed Space Behind

a Rectangular, Simply Supported Plate Excited

by Boundary Layer Fluctuations," W,A,

Strawderman, USL Rept. Mo, 827, 11 May I967,

NAVAL UNDERWATER WEAPONS RESEARCH AMD EWGIMEERIMG

STATION, Research Dept,, Oceanography Branch , Newport, Rhode Island,

(6465) OCEAN TURBULENCE PROJECT 81932,

(b) Laboratory project,

(c) Dr, David H, Shonting, Oceanographer, Naval

Underwater Weapons Res, and Engrg, Sta,

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) To study fundamental processes of turbulent

diffusion of momentum and heat in the near surface layers (upper 200m) of the oceans. To relate these processes to the time and

spatial variability of temperature and the

speed of sound in the upper layers and thus

to better describe the thermal and acoustic

structure and predict its change. To examine the similarities and differences

between natural tidal or wind generated wave turbulence and artifically induced turbulence

such as is associated with a vessel's bow

waves or screw waves

.

To develop instrumentation in which to better

study ocean turbiilence and microstructure.

(g) See (h).

(h) "A Preliminary Investigation of Momentum

Flux in Ocean Waves," D.H. Shonting, Pure

Appl. Geophys., Vol. 57 (l), PP. 149-152,

1964.

"Observations of Short Term Heating of the

Surface Layers of the Ocean," D.H. Shonting,

WUWS TM No. 308, 1964.
"The Seasonal Distribution of Oceanographic

Variables Measured in Rhode Island Sound

Diiring 1963-61t-, " D.H. Shonting, G.S. Cook and

F.G. Wyatt, Jr., A Data Report, NUWS CONSEC

i^23, 1966.

"Ocean Wave Turbulence Measurements: Some

Instrument Problems," D.H. Shonting, NEREM

Record, 56-57, 1966.

"Measurements of Particle Motions in Ocean

Waves," D.H. Shonting, Jour, Marine Res.,

Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 162-181, 1967.

"Autospectra of Observed Particle Motions in

Wind Waves," D.H. Shonting, Jour Marine Res.,

in press.

"The Thermiprobe: A System for Measuring

Thermal Microstructure in the Sea," D.H. Shonting and A.L. Kadis, Marine Sciences

Instrumentation, Vol. k, ISA, Plenum Press,

N.Y., 1968.

U.S. NAVAL WEAPONS LABORATORY, Dahlgren, Virginia

(614-27) FLOW OF LIQUID THROUGH MULTIPLE ORIFICES.

(b) Joint Technical Group for Munitions

Effectiveness.

(c) Dr. William G. Soper, Technical Asst., Code

TX, U.S. Naval Weapons Lab.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied

research.

(e) The project objective is a mathematical model

for predicting the leakage rate for a liquid

container with an arbitrary number of perforations of arbitrary size and shape.

(g) A simple model, incorporating two empirical

curves, has given good results for gasoline,

water, and diesel fuel, and for circular and

rectangular orifices.

(h) "Flow of Liquid Through Multiple Orifices,"

W.G. Soper, U.S. Naval Weapons Lab. Tech.

Memo. No. T-ll/67, Sept. I967 (copies

available from DDC )

.

U.S. NAVY WEATHER RESEARCH FACILITY, Building B.-kQ,

Naval Air Station, Norfolk, Virginia 235II

(61+714-) AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS (NAVWEARSCHFAC TASK 36).

(b) Naval Air Systems Command.

(c) Officer in Charge, Navy Weather Research

Facility.

(d) Applied research.

(e) A st\idy of air-sea interactions of significance

to the prediction of atmospheric effects upon

variations in the surface-mixed layer, and of

oceanic effects upon maritime weather phenomena.

(6575) EVALUATION OF SYNOPTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC ANALYSES

(NAVWEARSCHFAC TASK 36).

(b) Naval Air Systems Command.

(c) Officer in Charge, Navy Weather Research

Facility.

(d) Applied research.

(e) A study to determine the scale at which

synoptic analysis (hence operational prediction)

of oceanographic surface and mixed-layer

thermal features is feasible, and to resolve

thereform differences among analytical

procedures currently employed operationally.

(f) Temporarily suspended.

2l4l4

(6I476) SEA, SWELL, AND SURF PREDICTION AND

CLIMATOLOGY (NAVWEARSCHFAC TASK 36).

(b) Naval Air Systems Command.

(c) Office in Charge, Navy Weather Research Facil.

(d) Applied research.

(e) Research in cooperation with the Naval Postgraduate School: to resolve discrepancies

between operational observations of sea, swell,

and surf and characteristics derived from

existing wave/surf development/decay theories;

to develop improved objective operational

techniquf-s for sea, swell and surf prediction,

to include emphasis on enclosed seas; and to prepare Improved wave and surf climatologies

for planning purposes from historical wind

field analyses.

(614-77) STORM SURGE (NAVWEARSCHFAC TASK 36).

(b) Naval Air Systems Command.

(c) Officer in Charge, Wavy Weather Research

Facility.

(d) Applied research.

(e) A stixly of methods for objective prediction

of storm surges, and the development of a computer program for their issuance.

(6I488) HURRICANE INDUCED UPWELLING (NAVWEARSCHFAC

TASK 36).

(b) Naval Air Systems Command.

(c) Officer in Charge, Navy Weather Research

Facility.

(d) A coordinated field and applied research

investigation in cooperation with U.S. Navy

Weather Reconnaissance Squadron FOUR.

(e) A network of expendable bathythermographs

will be dropped ahead of, inside and following

the passage of hurricanes to provide data

necessary for the determination of changes

in the oceanic temperatxare- depth structure

induced by hurricane wind and pressure fields.

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, Engineering Laboratory,

P.O. Box 37, Norrls, Tenn. 37828

Inquiries concerning the following projects should

be addressed to Mr. Rex A. Elder, Director, TVA

Engrg. Lab. at above address.

(3629) LOW POWER VHF RADIO GAGES FOR REPORTING RAIN- FALL AND STREAM LEVEL DATA.

(d) Development.

(e) Transistorized radio components powered from

nickel cadmium batteries, which will be

charged by thermoelectric generators and/or

solar cells, will be used. Data in gray

code will be transmitted by audio tone pulses.

Unattended operation of long duration is a primary objective in the design of these

stations

.

(g) Installation now in progress; will be com- pleted this year.

(I4-I4-I4I) MEASURING OF KAPLAN TURBINE DISCHARGES USING

OTT COMPONENT CURRENT METERS.

(d) Equipment development and field measurement

operation.

(e) Turbine discharge rating equipment, using the

Ott component type current meters, has been

developed to measure the discharge of turbine

units. Twenty-seven current meters mounted on three frames are used to simultaneously measure velocities in the three intakes of each unit
by either the step or integration method.

Measurements made at several fixed loads are employed to calibrate the Winter-Kennedy

scroll case pressure taps. The Winter-Kennedy

taps are used with suitable measuring equipment to determine the discharge for any tur- bine loading,

(g) Measurements have been taken at four main

river hydro dams, Wilson, Kentucky, Guntersville, and Wheeler. Forty-one turbine units

at these facilities have been measured. The

project is presently dormant.

(U88l) BASIC STREAM HEAT BUDGET STUDIES.

(d) Experimental; for basic and applied research.

(e) This is a study to develop the basic tem- perature prediction equations for a stream

into which water at a temperature other than

natural temperature flows . All known variables

such as stream flow characteristics, meteorological conditions and thermal characteristics

will be included. Theoretical studies, field

tests, and possible laboratory studies will

be combined to produce verified equations.

(g) As a first step, solutions for fiolly mixed

conditions have been obtained, involving the

equilibrium temperature concept, from the

basic set of differential equations governing

water and heat flow in open channels . An

intensive study of individual heat budget

terms has been made to determine proper

computational methods. Five sets of field

data ha -e been collected for checking the

accuracy of the prediction equations.

(5001+) NICKAJACK PROJECT.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Studies using the 1:150 horizontal by 1:90

vertical scale distorted model of the WickaJack Project were completed and a 1:100 scale

undistorted model constructed to study the

apron development problems. The 1:100 scale

model represents an area of approximately 2 miles in length by 1 mile in width of the

river site. In addition to the apron studies,

the 1:100 scale undistorted model was used to develop information on the training wall

dimensions, bank protection designs and the

design of various other features in the river

areas immediately upstream and downstream

from the dam structures

.

(f) Completed.

(h) A number of internal reports giving the basic

test results were issued.

(5386) NICKAJACK PROJECT—LOCK MODEL.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:25 scale model of the 8OO' x 110' main

Nickajack lock was used to adapt the multiport filling and emptying system to this size

chamber. The proposed intake and outlet struc- tures for both the main and 60O' x 110' auxiliary lock was also tested by incorporating

them with the main chamber model and a simplified model of the auxiliary chamber.

(f) Completed.

(h) A number of internal reports giving the basic

test results were issued.

(5387) NICKAJACK PROJECT—VALVE-CULVERT MODEL.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:10 model of an existing lock filling

valve, with related culvert appurtenances,

was used to determine the nature and origin

of the hydrodynamic forces which act on

reversed tainter lock filling valves. The

model was specifically designed to reproduce

the transient conditions existing while the

valve is opening. Two valve designs were compared with respect to their reaction to hydrodynamic forces,

(f) Completed.

(h) A number of internal reports giving the basic test results were issued.

(5388) NICKAJACK PROJECT—SPILLWAY MODEL.

(d) Experimental; operations.

(e) Model tests were conducted to develop a spillway discharge rating using a 1:35 scale

model duplicating three of the ten spillway

bays. Tests were made for (l) free and submerged ungated flow through a series of

spillway bays, and (2) free and submerged

flow under a series of tainter gates set at various gate opening positions.

(h) A discharge rating table was prepared giving

the discharge for specified arrangements of

the spillway gates.

( 59^+3) NICKAJACK PROJECT- -TURBINE INTAKE GATE

STUDIES.

(d) Applied research; operations.

(e) Tests on multi-leaf gates have indicated an interdependence of the design of the lifting

beam and gate when the gates are to be

positioned in flowing water. A 1:36 scale

model of a complete three-bay turbine intake

and a 1:12 scale model of one bay were used

in tests conducted to develop an operable

lifting beam and gate design for the Nickajack Project. Double leaf gates 18' x 18' are to be lised. (f) Completed.

(g) A lifting beam and gate design was developed

which solved the basic problems of success- fully lowering and releasing the gate and

beam in flowing water.

(h) A number of internal reports giving the basic test results were issued.

(5392) MODEL FLUME TO BE USED TO STUDY THERMAL

DENSITY RECIRCULATION PROBLEMS.

(d) Experimental; operations and basic research.

(e) A model flume was constructed of transparent

material and equipped with circulating pumps

to simulate a typical steam power plant's

condensate intake and outlet system. The

flume is approximately 100 feet in length and

9 inches deep by 12 inches wide. The basic

intent is to develop and prove the analytical

equations for flows in the vicinity of a steam plant or in similar areas.

(g) Data on lengths and depths of warm wedges

near the intake and outlet , for various

river and intake flows and for various intake density differences have been obtained,

but have not been analyzed.

(591+5) TIMS FORD PROJECT.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:100 scale model will be used to determine

the characteristics of the proposed flip

bucket spillway. Particular attention will

be given to erosion patterns and means of

limiting scour.

(f) Completed.

(g) A flip bucket spillway, with corresponding

training walls and paved areas , was developed to minimize erosion at the structure.

(h) Three internal reports were issued.

21+5
(6711) TIMS FORD PROJECT- -SPILLWAY.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Foundation conditions at the construction

site necessitated changing the spillwaydesign to a chute type. A 1:100 scale model

was used to develop the superelevation in

the chute and other aspects of the chute

design. Particular attention was given to scour patterns downstream from the chute

.

(f) Completed.

(h) Three internal reports were issued.

(6712) WATER QUALITY STUDY—HYDRODYNAMICS OF A

DENSITY STRATIFIED RESERVOIR.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) Effective and optimum water resource development requires knowledge of the yearly cyclic

changes of the various properties of the

water in deep, stratified reservoirs. Dissolved oxygen content, temperature, con- ductivity and density as a function of depth

were measured at various stations in Fontana

Reservoir and in its inflows and outflows

during I966. Current velocities were measured

from a securely moored barge with a deep water

isotopic current analyzer which is capable of

measuring velocities of 0.005 ft/sec.

(f) Data evaluation and analysis are in progress.

(h) "Evaluation of Fontana Reservoir Field Measurements," Walter 0. Wunderlich and Rex A. Elder,

presented at ASCE Specialty Conf . on Current

Research into the Effects of Reservoirs on Water Quality, Jan. 21-2k, I968, Portland.

(6713) BROWIIS FERRY PROJECT.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A filter-demineralizer system consisting of

an ion exchange resin, settling tank, and

dewatering apparatus will be used at this

project to remove radioactive contaminants

from the condenser cooling water. When the

resin becomes exhausted, the filter will be

backv;ashed and the backwash slurry will be

pumped to the settling tank which is designed

to contain the accumulation from several

backwash operations . Each backwash volume

will settle and the supernatant liquid decanted through a pipe located in the side

wall above the sludge layer before the next

backwash is received. To provide design

information, laboratory tests were made to determine settling and sludge handling

characteristics of the resin, and to determine

the rate at which the supernatant liquid could

be decanted without entering settled sludge.

(g) The mechanism responsible for sludge entrainment was found to be vortex, the formation

of which coxold be described as a function of

the Reynolds number of the flow in the outlet pipe and the ratio of the height of the

outlet pipe from the sludge layer to the

diameter of the outlet pipe.

(h) Two internal reports have been issued.

(671U) HALES BAR PROJECT-DEMOLITION.

(d) Experimental; for construction.

(e) A 1:100 scale model of the existing Hales Bar

Dam was used to determine the best basic

approach to removing the spillway and non- overflow section, and how much removal is

required to meet navigation and flood control

criteria. The Hales Bar Dam will be removed

after the new downstream project, Mickajack,

has been closed and no differential head

exists across Hales Bar.

(f) Suspended until after demolition- -may be re- activated to check need for final underwater

cleanup

.

(h) Three internal reports have been issued.

(6715) BROWNS FERRY PROJECT—CONDENSER COOLING

WATER DIFFUSER.

(d)

(e)

Applied research.

The heated condenser cooling water from the

nuclear powered generating station is to discharge into Wheeler Reservoir through a diffusing structure so as to mix the heated

water with the flowing reservoir water and

to limit the temperature rise in the reservoir. The mixing structure consists of three

large corrugated steel pipes with multiple

small side ports, laid on the "bottom across

the reservoir. The heated discharge jets

through the ports and is mixed with the

cooler river water due to the turbulent jet

action of the buoyant plume. A model study

was conducted to obtain discharge coefficients for the small side ports in the

corrugated wall, and a digital computer

study was made to iterate the hydraulic

equations for flow through the pipe such that

uniform port discharge could be obtained for

a specified total head.

Completed.

Information was obtained for the design of

the diffuser pipes, i.e., the pipe diameters

and lengths, the port diameter and spacing

and number of ports were decided.

(6716) WHEELER PROJECT—UNITS 9-11 VIBRATION STUDIES.

Field investigation.

The three new 35 MW fixed-blade propeller

hydroturbines vibrate excessively at certain

gate openings. A study was made to explain

the nature of the vibrations in order to prescribe modifications to eliminate the problem.

One unit was instrumented and measurements were made during synchronous speed at various

loads and at varying speeds at no-load for the

following: scroll case pressure fluctuations;

draft tube pressure fluctuations; shaft bending strain; shaft torsional strain; turbine

blade bending strain; wicket gate bending

strain; stay vane bending strain; vertical

shaft deflections; lateral shaft deflections;

vertical thrust bearing bracket deflection.

Data were recorded on analog magnetic tape

and are being analyzed with an analog com- puter. Mean squared amplitudes, power density

spectra, and correlations are being obtained.

Preliminary results indicate that there are two main forcing functions: (l) A precessing

draft tube instability at 5O-6O percent gate

opening, and (2) A pulsation at the "blade

frequency" close to resonance with a coupled

torsional-lateral mode of shaft vibration, at 8O-IOO percent gate opening.

(f)

(g)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(6717)

(d)

(e)

BEAR CREEK PROJECTSTRUCTURES.-INTAKE AND DISCHARGE

Experimental; for design and applied

research.

A combination of intake tower with slide gates

and an uncontrolled morning-glory type spillway were proposed to control headwater

elevations when below the emergency spillway.

The flow from both structures joined into a common tunnel which was terminated by a still

ing structure. A 1:20 scale model was used to

2k6
evaluate the efficacy of each component and

the system. Meas-urements of air demand were made and will be compared to futiare prototype

measurements

.

(f) Siaspended.

(g) The morning-glory spillway was eliminated

primarily due to flow problems at the tunnel

junction. A cylindrical intake tower was recommended since it minimized surface vortices. A complex stilling basin design was required at the end of the tunnel due to unsymmetrical approach flow into the basin.

(h) Two internal reports were issued.

(6718) BEAR CREEK PROJECT—SPILLWAY.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) An emergency chute spillway will be provided

for flows in excess of the intake structure

capacity. A 1:100 scale model is being used

to develop the wall layout which will

minimize flow depths and standing waves in the

chute, to check the spillway capacity, and to determine erosion tendencies downstream from

the chute

.

(g) The originally proposed crest did not permit

sufficient spillway capacity, and a new design

was developed. A revised chute layout was recommended to minimize the required wall

heights

.

(h) Two internal reports were issued.

(6719) FIXED CORE DISPERSION VALVES- -COMTAIMMENT

STRUCTURE

.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Numerous future projects will have a fixed

cone dispersion valve located at the end of

a txxnnel. To confine the flow from the valve

to a limited area, the valves will discharge

into a structure. This structure must produce

good flow distribution so as to produce

acceptable downstream scour without interfering

with the reaeration capability of the valves.

If possible, one basic structure geometry will

be used for a wide variety of valve sizes and

operating heads

.

(g) A structure meeting the above requirements was developed.

(6720) PARADISE STEAM PLANT- -COOLING WATER FLUMES.

Experimental; for design.

Cooled condenser water will be returned from

two new cooling towers via open channel flumes

to the intake tunnels of two existing "units. A 1:30 scale model was used to evaluate the

performance of the collection troughs at each

tower, and to minimize flow disturbances at the junction where the rectangular flumes

from each tower join into a common trapezoidal flume

.

Completed.

The original collection troughs were modified

to prevent over-topping the walls at the base

of the towers, and baffle blocks were used to provide a smooth flow transition at the flume

junction.

Three internal reports were issued.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(6721) PARADISE STEAM PLANTING WATER CONDUITS.

-EMERGENCY GATE FOR COOL-

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Each of the three underground conduits from

the cooling towers to the condensers will

have vertical lift gates which must be capable of a 'jO second closure under flowing

water conditions. Due to the unusual geometry at the gate, a 1:11 scale model was used

to check the ability of the gate to perform

the reqiiired closure.

(f) Completed.

(g) The tests showed the gate will perform

sat i s fact or i ly

.

(6722) TIMS FORD PROJECT- -TURBINE INTAKE GATE.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) The tiirbine will have a single-leaf vertical

lift gate at the intake in the face of the concrete dam. This gate must be capable of

closing the intake under flows up to turbine

runaway discharge. A 1:20 scale model was used to determine whether the gate would

close and the magnitude of forces in the

lifting cables. The normal load on the gate

was measured directly and electric analog

components were used to determine the hydrodynamic force as a function of time and gate

position.

(f) Completed; project design changed to earth

dam.

(g) The original intake design produced upward

hydrodynamic forces at small gate openings

which would have prevented the prototype

gate from closing. A revised intake geometry proved acceptable; the gate geometry

was changed to reduce cable loads

.

(6723) RACCOON MOUNTAIN PUMP-STORAGE PROJECT--INTAKE IN UPPER RESERVOIR.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:100 scale model of the upper reservoir

is being used to study flow patterns at the

intake during the turbine operating mode

.

Special attention is being given to the occurrence of vortices and their effect on setting a minimum pool elevation and on the

requirements of an intake structure.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Tests with a simple intake showed that

objectionable vortices occurred over a wide range of reservoir water surface

elevations

.

(6721+) TELLICO PROJECT- -SPILLWAY.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) Model studies are being conducted to develop

a design for the spillway apron. A distorted

scale model, 1:156 vertical and 1:32'(- horizontal, was used to determine the flow

patterns downstream from the spillway. Scour

patterns are determined from a 1:72 scale

undistorted scale model, constructed to simulate the complex flow patterns observed in

the distorted scale model.

(g) Tests with the distorted scale model showed

that two stable flow patterns can exist downstream from the spillway. The scour patterns

produced by these flow patterns were quite

different. An apron with baffle blocks and

steeply sloping training walls was found to produce optimum results.

(6725) PARADISE STEAM PLANT- -UNITS 1 AND 2 GAS DUCT

STUDIES.

(d) Experimental; development model studies.

(e) For the efficient operation of the new electrostatic fly-ash collectors recently installed

at the two existing units, it is required that

the combustion gases and the fly-ash particles

be uniformly distributed across the inlet

section of the precipitator. To this end the

proposed duct configioration was model tested,

247
and baffle plates and guide vanes were designed as needed to obtain good gas-flow

distribution. Hot wire anemometry and smoke

trails were used in the transparent model to measure and observe the flow patterns.

Field measurements were made on the prototype

gas flow to verify the results of the model

studies,

(f) Completed.

(6726) PAEADISE STEAM PLAm'--UWIT 3 AIR AMD GAS

DUCT STUDIES.

(d) Experimental; development model studies.

(e) For the efficient operation of the electrostatic fly-ash collectors, the forced-draft

fans, and the air preheaters at the new unit

under construction at Paradise Steam Plant,

it is req^uired that the air and/or gas flow

be uniformly distributed across these various

appurtenances. This large unit, has large

ducts with sharp bends and rapid expansions

making uniform flow distribution difficult

to obtain. The proposed air and gas ducts

were, therefore, model tested. The duct

configuration was changed in places and

internal guide vanes, perforated plates, and

baffles were installed as needed to obtain

satisfactory flow distribution.

(f) Completed.

(6727) SHAWWEE STEAM PLA]m--GAS DUCT STUDIES.

(d) Experimental; development model study.

(e) Electrostatic fly-ash precipitators are to be

installed in series with the existing

mechanical collectors at all ten units at Shawnee Steam Plant. Efficient performance

of these precipitators require uniform gas

delivery at the precipitator entrance. Field studies were made to determine the distribution of the flue-gas flow leaving the

mechanical collectors, and this distribution

was simulated in a l:l8 scale model of the

proposed new ducts and precipitators

.

Results of the model study will indicate

which of several possible duct geometries

is superior in performance relative to gas

distribution, head-loss, and premature flyash precipitation. Hot-wire velocity

traverses and smoke trails are used in the

model to measure and observe the flow

patterns, and suitable guide vanes are installed where needed to create an acceptable

gas-flow distribution.

(6728) GALLATIH STEAM PLAM—GAS DUCT STUDIES.

(d) Experimental; development model study.

(e) Electrostatic fly-ash precipitators are to

be installed in series with the existing

mechanical collectors at all four units at Gallatin Steam Plant.

(6729) AERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FIXED-COKE DISPERSION HOWELL-BUNGER VALVES.

(d) Field investigation; applied basic research.

(e) Tests were initiated to investigate the

aeration characteristics of fixed-cone dispersion Howell-Bunger valves when discharging water having low dissolved oxygen con- centrations. A field test facility was constructed at Nottely Dam in North Georgia

where low DO water supply is available

during July, August and September. Two valve sizes were used: 2i4--inch and 12-inch

diameter. The test program was divided into

three phases: (l) Free discharge into the

atmosphere; (2) discharge into a containment

structure; and (3) discharge into a tunnel.

DO concentrations are measured upstream from

the valve, and from the catchment area downstream from the valve

.

(g) Phases 1 and 2 have shown that fixed-cone

dispersion Howell-Bunger valves are effective

aeration devices. An internal report is

being prepared.

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, Hydraulic Data Branch,

Knoxville, Tennessee 37902

Inquiries concerning projects shotild be addressed to

Mr. James W. Beverage, Chief, Hydraulic Data Branch,

Tennessee Valley Authority.

( 765) EVAPORATION IN THE TENNESSEE BASIN.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) To provide data for estimating reservoir

losses and derive a general rule, applicable

to the Basin, permitting computation of

evaporation from pans at six locations in

Basin, together with standard meteorological

readings

.

(h) Results published in monthly and annual

bulletins, "Precipitation in Tennessee River

Basin" (Project 768).

( 768) PRECIPITATION IN TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) A comprehensive study of rainfall and other

weather phenomena for purposes of water

dispatching and improvements in water con- trol; storm studies as related to maximum

precipitation, rainfall-runoff, spillway

design and operation, etc.

(h) Monthly and annual bulletins, "Precipitation

in Tennessee River Basin."

( 769) RESERVOIR AND STREAM TEMPERATURES.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) Study of water utilization and water movement

as concerns indvistrial and steam plant

locations and stream pollution. Variations

in temperature from surface to bottom in

selected reservoirs are determined by soundings, and by continuous recording gages in

selected natural streams . Periodic observations are made at gaging stations.

(h) "Water Temperature of Streams and Reservoirs

in the Tennessee River Basin, " Tennessee

Valley Authority, Hydraulic Data Branch - Rept. Wo. 0-6608, Sept. 1966, 1+17 PP.

( 771) GALLERY DRAINAGE IN LARGE DAMS.

(d) Field investigations; design.

(e) Weirs are placed in main galleries and

drainage measured as check on tightness and

stability.

( 779) MAXIMUM POSSIBLE PRECIPITATION IN TENNESSEE

VALLEY.

(b) Cooperative with U.S. Weather Bureau.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Hydrometeorologlcal analysis of large storms with upward adjustments of controlling factors to maximum limits as applied to the

Tennessee Valley and subdivisions.

(g) Results to be published as one of current series of hydrometeorologlcal reports by

the U.S.W.B. and cooperating agencies.

21+8
(h) "Probatle Maximum Precipitation over the

Tennessee River Basin above Chattanooga,"

Hydrometeorological Rept. No. kl, U.S. Weather Bureau, I965.

( 780) PERIODIC EVALUATION OF GROUND -WATER STORAGE.

(d) Theoretical; operation.

(e) By analysis of current records of stream

discharge, the volumes of runoff in groundwater and channel storage are determined for use in operation of multi-purpose reservoirs.

(g) Results reported weekly within the organization.

(h) "Uncontrolled Storage Evaluation in the

Tennessee Valley," Paul C. Sodemann, paper

for AGU meeting, April I963.

( 785) SEDIMENTATION OF EXISTING RESERVOIRS.

(d) Field investigation; "basic research.

(e) Selected ranges in reservoirs are prohed and

sounded, volumetric samples are collected and

analyzed, quantity and distribution of sediment are computed to determine deposition by

stream, probable life of reservoir, effect

of sediment storage on navigation channels

and sedimentation of down-stream reservoirs,

and probable sedimentation in future reservoirs.

(h) Data is reported in Misc. Publ. No. 96k,

"S"uramary of Reservoir Sediment Deposition

Surveys IV^de in the United States," U.S. Dept.

of Agriculture, Feb. I965.

"The Lack of Sediment Deposition in TVA

Reservoirs," Robert Forbes, paper prepared for

presentation at Hydraulics Div. Conf . , ASCE,

Madison, Wise, Aug. I966.

(3306) COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT IN WESTERN

NORTH CAROLINA.

(b) Project conducted in cooperation with North

Carolina State University.

(d) Field investigation, basic research.

(e) To determine water-pl^nt-soil relationship

on some of the principal soils used for

agricultural purposes in western North

Carolina under important vegetative covers. Four crops are rotated on four small watersheds under a "Latin-Square" statistical

design. Observations include rainfall, runoff,

ground-water levels, soil moisture, evaporation, potential and actual evapotranspiration.

(f) Active; hydrologic measurements completed on two of foior watersheds . Interflow studies

conducted on one watershed in 1965-66.

(g) Results to date are summarized in annual

reports on the project.

(3308) miTE HOLLOW WATERSHED.

(d) To study the effect of changes in the

vegetal cover on a watershed taken out of

cultivation on the hydrologic factors of

runoff and soil erosion.

(e) Continuous record from 1935 of rainfall,

runoff, and suspended sediment, and periodic

determination of vegetal cover indexes.

(f) Active; logging road system constructed in

19614.-65. Selective pulpwood cutting com- pleted in 1966, and sawtimber cutting began

in 1967.

(g) During the 24-year period 1935-1958, the

forest cover improvement in the watershed re- sulted in greater watershed protection with

no measurable change in water yield, no change

in volume of either surface runoff or groundwater runoff, marked reduction in summer

(h)

peak rates of discharge with lesser reduction

in winter rates, a prolongation of the period

of draining of siarface runoff from the channel

system, and a 96 percent reduction in the

sediment load,

(h) "Effects of Forest Cover Upon the Hydrologic

Characteristics of a Small Watershed in the

Limestone Region of East Tennessee," Paul C. Sodemann and Jones E. Tysinger, paper prepared

for presentation at Symposium sponsored by

UNESCO, Oct. 1965. "Forest Cover Improvement Influences Upon

Hydrologic Characteristics of White Hollow

Watershed" - 1935 to 1958.

[3309) PINE TREE BRANCH WATERSHED.

(d) To determine the effects upon the hydrology

of the watershed by reforestation and erosion

control measures

.

(e) Continuous record from 19^+1 of rainfall, runoff,

ground water, and sediment loads.

(f) Active; selective pulpwood cutting completed

in 1966. Watershed reinventoried.

(g) During the 20-year period 19^+1-1960, the cover improvement and erosion control in the watershed resulted in a decrease in surface runoff

volumes and an increase in ground water

discharges, marked reductions in summer and

winter peak flood discharges, a reduction in

overland surface velocities, a prolongation

of the period of draining of surface runoff

from the channel system, an appreciable

decrease in water yield, and a 96 percent

reduction in sediment load.

Project reports, "Reforestation and Erosion

Control Influences Upon the Hydrology of

Pine Tree Branch Watershed"-19'+l-60, TVA,

1962

.

(1+011) NORTH FORK CITICO CREEK RESEARCH WATERSHED.

(b) Project conducted in cooperation with U.S. Forest Service.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) To determine the effects of normal, highstandard National Forest Multiple-use

management upon the hydrology of the area. Observations include rainfall, runoff, air

and water temperature, and humidity. Timber

inventories, soil surveys, wildlife inventories,

and evaluations of soil disturbances will be

made. Project activities are divided into

calibration, development, and evaluation

phases

.

-(f) Active; calibration period completed.

"Action" phase started with access road

construction into watershed to site of first

timber sale

.

(g) Results are published in annual reports distributed to cooperating agencies.

(h) "North Fork Citico Creek Watershed Study,"

Annual Water Year Reports 1961-66, Tennessee

Valley Authority, U.S. Forest Service, and

Tennessee Game and Fish Commission.

(1+881+) UPPER BEAR CREEK EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT.

(b) TVA Tributary Area Development project

cooperative with U.S. Forest Service and

Aubiirn Univ.

(e) Quantitative determination of the effect of

soil type, slope, and vegetative cover upon

runoff, peak discharge, and erosion on small

watershed progressing to large watersheds.

Development of procedures to make data usable

in projecting effects from small watersheds

to larger drainage areas and to transfer

21+9
results of the study to ungaged areas. Four general types of land cover and use will

be considered in the study of the watersheds

that progress downstream from areas of several

hundred acres through intermediate-sized

watersheds to a drainage area of 11+3 square

miles.

(f) Active; hydrologic condition surveys made in

March, August, and November 1967- Bacteriological seimpling at selected stations

February I965 to May 1966. TVA and U.S. Forest Service adopted plans for two small

forested watersheds to study effects of timber

management. Logging roads constructed on one

of these watersheds in fall of 1967.

(g) Results are published in quarterly and special

reports on the subject.

(h) "Upper Bear Creek Experimental Project - Research in Area-Stream Factor Correlation,

Water Resources Research Paper No. 1, TVA,

February 1965.

"The Upper Bear Creek Experimental Project,"

igea-eiJ- and 196k-63, TVA, U.S. Forest Service,

May 1965, July 1966.

250
PROJECT REPORTS FROM CANADIAN LABORATORIES

RESEARCH COUNCIL OF ALBERTA , Rm. 3OI, Engrg. Bldg.,

University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

(6818) STABILITY OF COARSE BED MATERIAL IN OPENCHANNEL FLOW.

(b) Research Council of Alberta; Alberta Dept.

of Highways.

(c) Mr. C.R. Neill, Research Council of Alberta.

(d) Laboratory study; field investigations.

(e) Concerned with a design criteria for hydraulic

stability of gravel and rip-rap material.

(g) A design nomogram is presented relating

competent mean velocity to grain size,

specific gravity and depth of flow.

(h) "Mean-Velocity Criterion For Scour of Coarse

Uniform Bed-Material," C.R. Neill, Proc. 12th

Cong., Intl. Assoc. Hyd. Res,, Vol. 3, I967.

(6819) COMPARISON OF BED-LOAD MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES.

(b) Research Council of Alberta; Univ. of

Alberta; Alberta Dept. of Agriculture;

Water Survey of Canada.

(c) Mr. C.R. Neill; (see 68I8) above.

(d) Field investigations.

(e) Comparison of estimates of bed-load discharge

in gravel rivers using portable bed-load samplers, continuous tracer injection, refilling

rates of river bed excavations and formulae.

(h) "Measurements of the Bed-Load Discharge of

the Elbo River," A.B. Hollingshead, M. Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Alberta, I968.

(6820) STUDIES OF REGIME HYDRAULICS AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF RIVERS OF VARIOUS TYPES.

(b) Research Council of Alberta; Alberta Dept.

of Highways; Alberta Dept. of Agriculture.

(c) Mr. C.R. Neill, Research Council of Alberta.

(d) Field studies.

(e) Collection of hydrologic data and study of

channel processes of Alberta rivers.

(h) "Observed Forms of Bed Roughness in an Unstable Gravel River," V.J. Galay, Proc. Twelfth Congr., Intl. Assoc. Hydraulic Res.,

Vol. 1, 1967.

(6821) ICE LOADS ON BRIDGE PIERS.

(b) Alberta Dept. of Highways; Research Council

of Alberta.

(c) Mr. C.R. Neill; see (6820) above.

(d) Field measurements.

(e) Measurements of the dynamic ice load on a bridge pier.

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

(5666) ALBERTAN CO-OPERATIVE STUDIES OF RIVER REGIME.

(b) University; and Alberta Research Council.

(c) Dr. T. Blench, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ.

of Alberta.

(d) Field study; Master's thesis; basic research.

(e) Tracer studies of initiation and distribution

of movement of bed particles. Attempt to check

formulas and normality of distributed stones.

(h) "Observations on Gravel Transport in Four

Rivers in Western Alberta," N. Van der

Giessen, M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Alberta, I966.

(5667) ALBERTAN CO-OPERATIVE STUDIES OF RIVER REGIME.

(b) University with Natl. Research Council Grant.

(c) Dr. T. Blench; see (5666) above.

(d) Lab. study; Master's thesis; basic.

(g) A purely bed-load delta in a flume of constant width appears to move far upstream

of the original backwater curve as a surge,

so bed rises approximately parallel to itself.

(h) "River Aggradation Upstream of a Barrier,"

W.J. Stolte, M.Sc. thesis, I966.

(6630) ALBERTAN CO-OPERATIVE STUDIES OF RIVER REGIME.

(b) T. Blench and Associates, Ltd.

(c) Dr. T. Blench; see (5666) above.

(d) Applied research.

(e) Text collating field and laboratory research

by regime theory principles to answer major

problems of "Evolution of River Bed" and

related portion of "Influence of Man on Continental Waters". Problems outlined in

UNESCO Note NS/nr/17 dated Paris IJth

October I962 In anticipation of International

Hydrologic Decade.

(f) To be revised periodically.

(h) "Mobile-bed Fluviology, " I966, Available Univ.

of Alberta Bookstore, I6 Chapters, 21 photo

plates, 22 diagrams, 2k- worked problems.

(6631) ALBERTAN CO-OPERATIVE STUDIES OF RIVER REGIME.

(b) University with Natl. Research Co-uncil Grant.

(c) Dr. T. Blench; see (5666) above.

(d) Lab. study; Master's thesis; basic.

(f) Completed.

(g) Ice cover simulated by articulated plywood.

Mainly quantitative study of surges.

Celerity reduced by cover. Waves through

cover advance beyond those in water.

(h) "Effect of a Surface Cover on Open Channel

Surges," R.H. Cooper, M.Sc. thesis, I966.

(6632) FLOW IMMEDIATELY BELOW SUBMERGED SLUICE GATES.

(b) University on HRC grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Alberta.

(d) Basic problem with practical application;

experimental in nature

.

(e) To study the flow immediately below submerged

sluice gates with regard to the nature of

velocity and pressure distribution.

(g) A vena contracta has been defined; the

diffusion of the jet has been successfully

treated as a plane free jet boundary problem.

Also the boundary layer growth in this

region has been studied.

(h) "Flow Immediately Below Submerged Sluice

Gate," N. Rajaratnam and K. Subramanya, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Amer. Soc . Civil Engrs.,

Vol. 93, No. mk, pp. 57-77, July I967.

(6633) A FLOW EQUATIONS FOR THE SLUICE GATE.

(b) University on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam; see (6632) above.

(d) Basic problem with practical application;

experimental and theoretical in nature.

(e) To develop a general flow equation for sluice

gates located in rectangular channels.

(g) A general flow equation has been derived

analytically and evaluated experimentally for

both free as well as submerged flow. Also

direct solutions have been constructed for

some of the practical problems connected

with the sluice gate.

251
(h) "A Flow Equation for the Sluice Gate," N. Rajaratnam and K. Subramanya, Jour. Irrig.

and Drain, Div. Amer. Soc . Civil Engrs.,

Vol. 93, No, IR3, pp. 167-186, Sept. 1967.

"Some Practical Problems Concerning Sluice

Gate Flow," N. Rajaratnam and K. Subramanya,

Water Power, London, (in press)

(6634) PIAIffi TURBULENT REATTACHED WALL JETS.

(b) University on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam; see (6632) above.

(d) Basic problem with practical application;

experimental.

(e) To study the mean flow characteristics of

plane turbulent reattached wall jets under

zero pressure gradient.

(g) It has been found that after a certain

distance from the reattachment line, the

transverse velocity distribution is similar

and agrees well with that of the classical

wall jet. The variation of the velocity and

length scales has been studied. Some

interesting resiilts have been obtained con- cerning the longitudinal distribution of the

bed shear stress . This study has been

extended to the case of the flow emerging

from a sluice gate located at the drop.

(h) "Plane Turbulent Reattached Wall Jets," N. Rajaratnam and K. Subramanya, Jour Hydraulics

Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs., Jan. I968.

"Diffusion of Submerged Sluice Gate Flow Over

a Drop," W. Rajaratnam and K. Subramanya,

Proc. 12th Congr. Intl. Assoc. for Hydraulic

Research, Fort Collins, Colorado, Vol. k-, pp. 156-163, Sept. 1967.

(6635) HYDRAULIC JUMPS BELOW ABRUPT SYMMETRICAL

EXPANSIONS.

(b) University on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam; see (6632) above.

(d) Basic problem with practical application;

experimental.

(e) To study the jump formation below abrupt

symmetrical expansions in rectangular open

channels

.

(f) Completed.

(g) The R-jump and S-jump occxarring below abrupt

expansions have been studied, A new length

parameter has been introduced which correlates

successfully most of the mean flow characteristics of the S-j\imps, The S-Jump has also

been treated as a three dimensional turbulent

wall jet,

(h) "Hydraulic Jumps Below Abrupt Symmetrical

Expansions," N, Rajaratnam and K. Subramanya,

Jour. Hydraulics Div., Amer. Soc. Civil

Engrs., March I968.

(6636) DIFFUSION OF RECTANGUIAR WALL JETS IN WIDER

CHANNELS.

(b) University on NEC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam, Dept. of Civil Engrg.

(d) Basic experimental research.

(e) To study the diffusion of deeply submerged

rectangular turbulent wall jets in wider

rectangular channels.

(f) Completed,

(g) On the plane of symmetry the mean flow characteristics have been measured and analyzed in two parts, that is the boundary layer region

and the free mixing region. The variation of

the bed shear stress has also been studied.

(h) "Diffusion of Rectangular Wall Jets in Wider

Channels," N. Rajaratnam and K. Subramanya,

(under publication),

(6637) THREE DIMENSIONAL FREE JETS.

(b) University on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam; see (6636) above.

(d) Analytical research.

(e) To find out some simple method of correlating

the mean flow characteristics of three

dimensional turbulent free Jets,

(f) Completed.

(g) A new length equal to the cross sectional area divided by the perimeter of the fluid

interface of the jet has been found to be

very useful in correlating the velocity scale

of circular, square, triangular and certain

other non-circular Jet shapes.

(h) "Three Dimensional Free Jets," N. Rajaratnam

and K. Subramanya, Joior. Royal Aero. Soc,

London, (in press)

(6638) ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON WALL JETS.

(b) University on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam; see (6636) above.

(d) Historical research on wall jets.

(e) To prepare a consolidated annotated bibliography on wall jets.

(f) Completed.

(g) All the available publications concerning wall

jets in the fields of aeronautical, mechanical,

chemical and hydraulic engineering are collected in one report.

(h) "An Annotated Bibliography on Wall Jets,"

N. Rajaratnam and K. Subramanya, Tech. Rept.,

Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, I967.

(6639) PROFILE OF THE HYDRAULIC JUMP.

(b) University on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam; see (6636) above.

(d) Analytical.

(e) To develop a simple method to predict the mean flow profile of the hydraulic Jump,

(f) Completed,

(g) By properly choosing horizontal and vertical

length scales, the mean flow profile of the

Jump was reduced to a simple but general

similarity ciarve. (h) "Profile of the Hydraulic Jump," N. Rajaratnam.

K. Subramanya, Proc, ASCE, Vol, 9^, HY3, I968.

(66i+0) FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RECTANGULAR FREE

OVERFALL.

(b) University on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam, Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of Alberta.

(d) Basic research; experimental and analytical.

(e) To study the velocity, pressure and bed shear

stress fields of the rectangular free overfall.

(f) Completed.

(g) The distribution of the pressxire and mean velocity at the brink for a large range of

slopes, has been studied. The variation of

the normal acceleration at the brink has

been evaluated. Further these observations

have been continued upstream of the brink and

the bed shear stress variation has also been

studied.

(h) "Flow Characteristics of the Rectangular

Free Overfall," N. Rajaratnam and D. Muralidhar.

(Under publication)

(66^+1) YAW, PITCH AND SCREW DRIVER PROBES.

(b) National Research Council, Canada (NEC).

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam; see (66^+0) above.

(d) Instrument research.

(e) To develop suitable instruments for the

252
measurement of pressure, velocity and boundary

shear stress in hydraulic engineering.

(g) Yaw and pitch probes have been constructed

and calibrated. A yaw-type Preston probe

has been developed for the measurement of

boundary shear stress in three dimensional

turbulent boxandary layers . The performance

of the Screw Driver Probe under three

dimensional flow conditions has been tested.

The Prandtl tube has successfully been used

for the measurement of the boundary shear stress

.

(h) "Yaw Probe Used as Preston Tube," M. Rajaratnam and D. Muralldhar. (Under publ,)

"Yaw and Pitch Probes," W. Rajaratnam and D. Miaralidhar, Tech. Rept., Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, 196?.

(6642) DIFFUSION OF A SUPERCRITICAL STREAM ON A

STAGNANT POOL.

(b) University on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N, Rajaratnam; see (66UO) above.

(d) Basic experimental research.

(e) To study the diffusion of a supercritical

stream discharged on the surface of a stagnant body of water.

(f) Completed.

(g) It was found that this problem could be

considered as the diffusion of a surface jet.

The main difference between this surface jet

and the corresponding half plane free jet was in the growth of the length scale

.

(h) "The Diffusion of a Supercritical Stream on

a Stagnant Pool," W. Rajaratnam. (Under

Publication)

(66^4-3) HYDRAULIC JUMPS ON ROUGH BEDS.

(b) Univ. on NRC Grant.

(c) Dr. N. Rajaratnam; see (66i+0) above.

(d) Experimental basic research.

(e) To study the effect of bed roughness on the

characteristics of hydraulic jumps in

rectangular channels

.

(f) Completed.

(g) It has been found that the ratio of the subcritical sequent depth to the supercritical

depth is a function of the supercritical

Froude number and the relative roughness of

the bed. One other significant finding was that the bed roughness reduces the length

of the jump considerably.

(h) "Hydraulic Jumps on Rough Beds," N. Rajaratnam. (Under publication)

UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, Dept. of Civil

Engrg., Hydraulics Lab ., Vancouver 8, B.C., Canada

(41+51) HEAD LOSS IN SPHERICAL AND CONVENTIONAL WYES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. E. Ruus, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ. of

British Columbia.

(d) Applied research. Much of the experimental

work is being done by an M.A.Sc. student.

(e) Lucite models of spherical and conventional

type of wyes were constructed and the head

losses measured. For all wyes the inside

diameter of the main pipe and the branch

pipes are 5 l/h and 3 3/4 inches respectively.

Several modifications such as tierods,

tapered outlets, rounded corners and different sphere diameters are being investigated.

(h) M.A.Sc. Thesis, Hua Wang, Sept. 1967.

(5994) THE USE OF AIR BUBBLERS TO PREVENT SHOALING

AT A WHARF IN A NAVIGABLE, ALLUVIAL, TIDAL

RIVER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. E.S. Pretious; Dept. of Civil Engrg.,

Univ. of British Columbia.

(d) Laboratory experiments and field tests. Applied research to aid operation and development. Project used for master's thesis.

(e) A grain elevator wharf owned and operated by

the Eraser River Harbour Commission on the

left bank of the Fraser River at New West- minister, B.C., is subject to severe shoaling

annually, immediate following a freshet.

This shoal is removed by conventional

dredging which is Inconvenient for shipping

using the wharf. If dredges are not immediately available the wharf has to close,

resulting in serious financial loss. The

shoal is composed of fine sand having a median

diameter of about 0.1 mm. which may be

carried in suspension during the freshet. By

creating a curtain of air bubbles it might be

possible to deflect the sediment deposition

away from the wharf; in the manner of an underwater deflecting groin, except that it

would not constitute a hazard to shipping.

Compressed air will be forced through perforations in plastic pipe anchored to the river

bed in the vicinity of the wharf, which is

1,129 feet long parallel to the bank.

(f) Completed.

(g) Results show that air bubblers cannot prevent

shoaling unless there is a fairly strong

river current to carry the agitated sediment

outside of the project area. Suspended

sediment, being finer than bed load, is

relatively easily kept in suspension. Air

bubblers would probably be ineffectual in

agitating coarse bed load, because the upward

flow induced in the surrounding water by the

curtain of rising air bubbles is weakest

where it is most needed, viz. near the river

bed.

(h) The results of the study are given in a Master's thesis, "The Use of Air Bubblers to Prevent Shoaling at Wharves in Navigable

Rivers," A.B. Ages, April I967.

A Dept. of Civil Engrg. Rept., "The Precise

Measurement of Small Water-Surface Slopes in

Open Channels," by Professor E.S. Pretious,

March I96T, describes particular aspects of

the field and laboratory studies of the air

bubbler

.

(5995) A GENERAL-PURPOSE, LABORATORY WAVE GENERATOR.

(b) Laboratory project supported by Natl. Research

Council of Canada.

(c) Prof. E.S. Pretio\is; see (5994) above.

(d) Design and construction of a wave generator

and wave absorbers to provide laboratory

facilities for wave research.

(e) The short length of the existing laboratory

flumes precludes long spending beaches and

also makes it necessary to generate the type

of wave desired (shallow-water, deep-water or transitional type) right at the generator.

By a suitable linkage the wave generator can

act as a hinged paddle, a plunger, or as a combination of the two, depending on the

water-particle motion desired. This wave research facility will be available for

demonstration and graduate research.

(f) Completed. The same type of wave generator,

253
with modifications and improvements, is being

planned for a much larger flume in the

Hydraulics Laboratory. A theoretical analysis

will be made of its design and will form the

subject of a thesis for a Master's degree.

(g) The results of the completed wave generator

showed back-lash in the gear train and belt

slap in the drive when maximum acceleration

of the crank occurred, which produced

irregulatities in the large amplitude waves

.

This will be remedied in the proposed new

wave generator.

(h) A Dept. of Civil Engrg. Rept., "A GeneralPurpose Wave Generator to Produce all Types

of Water-Waves in Short Flumes," by Prof.

E.S. Pretious, July I967, describes the

completed pilot installation.

(5997) RIVER FLOOD FORECASTING.

(b) British Columbia Disaster Relief Fiond. (c) Dr. M.C. Quick, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ.

British Columbia.

(d) Applied research (mostly theoretical).

(e) To study hydrometeorological forecasting of

floods from snowmelt. This study is coupled

with another study of the ripening processes

within a snow pack.

(h) "River Flood Flows: Forecasts and Probabilities," M.C. Quick, Proc. ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div,, Vol. 91, Wo. HY3, pp. I-I8,

May 1965.

"A Comparison of Measured and Theoretical

Snowpack Temperatures," Jour. Hydrology,

Vol. 5, pp. 1-20, April I967.

(5997A) RIVER FLOOD FORECASTING.

(b) British Columbia Disaster Relief Fund.

(c) J.F. Muir, Prof. Emeritus, Dept. of Civil

Engrg., U.B.C.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) To derive a formula for predicting the flood

discharge of the Eraser River at Hope

.

(g) Report being prepared.

(6096) OPTIMUM PUMP SUMP DESIGN.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. M.C. Quick, Dept. of Civil Engrg., U.B.C.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied research.

(e) A basic investigation of vortex behavior

coupled with a study of flow patterns in sump

configurations is being made. Conclusions

arising from these studies are being used to develop an optimum design procedure for

pump sumps

.

(h) Report in preparation.

(6097) WATER HAMMER IN IRRIGATION PIPE SYSTEMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. E. Ruus, Dept. of Civil Engrg., U.B.C.

(d) Theoretical; applied research; for Master's

thesis

.

(e) To study water hammer wave motion in irrigation pipe networks by the method of

characteristics using a digital computer. In addition to pipe friction, many boundary

conditions such as reservoirs, surge tanks,

air chambers, sprinklers, valves and centrifugal pump are considered. Networks up to one thousand pipes of varying diameter, wall

thickness and material can be handled.

(f) Completed.

(g) Very good agreement was found between results

obtained from computer analyses by method

of characteristics and results by the

graphical method. Sprinkler discharge has a

large influence in dampening of water hammer

water.

(h) The findings will be presented in a Master's

thesis

.

(6098) INFLUENCE OF LARGE OSCILLATIONS ON SURGE

TANK STABILITY.

(b) Laboratory project; Natl. Research Council.

(c) Dr. E. Ruus; see (6097) above.

(d) Theoretical, for Master's thesis.

(e) To find the stability criteria for large

oscillations of a simple surge tank. The

continuity and momentum equations are used

with either (l) the constant power output

equation or (2) the constant turbine gate

opening equation, depending on whether the

momentary net head is greater or lower than

the rated head of the turbine

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Results are significantly different from

previous findings based on constant power

output criterion only.

(h) M.A.Sc. Thesis by J. P. Wei, Dec. 1?67.

(6099) DIMENSIONLESS RATIOS FOR SURGES IN OPEN

CANALS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. E. Ruus; see (6097) above.

(d) Theoretical; for Master's thesis.

(e) To arrange the variables Involved in open

canal surges into groups of dlmenslonless

ratios

.

(h) The findings will be presented in a Master's

thesis

.

(6100) RIVER-BED SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS AMD OBSTRUCTIONS.

(b) Laboratory project supportiyny a National

Research Council of Canada Operating Grant.

(c) Professor E.S. Pretious, Dept. of Civil

Engrg., U.B.C.

(d) Experimental and theoretical for a Master's

thesis

.

(e) To find a rational expression for calculating

scour of river beds at bridge piers, abutments,

groin heads, piles and other obstructions:

based on theory, laboratory experiments and

field studies of existing local bridges.

(g) Past methods have relied heavily on empirical

methods for determining scour, aided by

hydraulic models.

(h) The results will be presented in a Master's

thesis

.

UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, Dept. of Mechanical

Engrg. , Vancouver ij, B.C . Canada

.

(657^+) UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS OF STATIONARY ELLIPTIC

CYLINDERS IN SUBCRITICAL FLOW.

(c) Dr. V.J. Modi.

(d) M.A. Sc. thesis.

(e) To study the aerodynamics of two-dimensional

elliptic cylinders in separated flow with an organized wake character.

(g) The Strouhal number, fluctuating pressures,

and wake geometries associated with a set of stationary two-dimensional elliptic

cylinders having an eccentricity of 0.8

and 0.6 are being studied during the

organized wake condition. Dynamic calibration

of the pressxore transducer used in the

measurements has been completed. The effect

25k
of the Reynolds number (30,000 - 100,000)

on the fluctmting pressure is also being

examined. The results indicate substantial

dependence of the unsteady forces on the

Reynolds number at zero angle of attack

(up to 60^ variation). The basing of the

Strouhal number on the projected width

reduced its dependence on the angle of attack

of the models. The existence of a large phase

angle between fluctuating pressures was of

particular interest. The wake geometry study

Indicated a gradual reduction in the ratio

of the lateral to the longitudinal spacing

with increase in the angle of attack,

(6575) AEROEIASTIC INSTABILITY OF A STRUCTURAL ANGLE.

(b) Dr. V.J. Modi.

(d) Ph.D. dissertation.

(e) To study the aerodynamics and dynamics of a structural angle during vortex induced and

galloping types of oscillations

.

(g) The study of the Stroiihal number, unsteady

forces, and wake geometry as a function of

the angle of attack during static and vortex

resonance conditions of a structural angle

has been completed. The measurements indicate

that for the most part the flucti^ating

pressures on the oscillating model are larger

than those associated with the stationary

angle. The existence of a large phase angle

between the fluctuating pressures and the

capture of the vortex frequency by the model

frequency near the resonance condition is of

interest. The wake geometry study suggests

a considerable increase in wake during vortex- induced oscillations of the model with very

little effect on the longitudinal vortex

spacing.

The results of galloping motion study are being analyzed at present. The similar study

in two-degrees of freedom (plunging and

torsion) is being planned.

(6576) VORTEX-EXCITED OSCILLATION PHENOMENA FOR

D-SECTION AND CIRCULAR CYLINDERS.

(c) Dr. G.V. Parkinson.

(d) M.A. Sc. thesis.

(e) To learn more of the kinematics and dynamics

of the organized vortex systems in the wake

of bluff, two-dimensional bodies in the

Reynolds number range 10 - 10^. In particular, the interactions between the vortex

systems and elastically mounted cylinders

caused to oscillate by the vortices are of

interest in the region of capture of the

vortex frequency by the cylinder frequency.

(g) Data obtained by N. Ferguson on the surface

pressure and wake characteristics of a D-Section cylinder at rest and in vortexexcited oscillation have been analyzed, and

further measurements, including spanwise

correlations by hot wire anemometer, are being

prepared.

(6577) NON-LINEAR VIBRATION IN HYDRAUUC POSITIONING

SYSTEMS.

(c) Dr. C.A. Brockley.

(d) Ph.D. dissertation

(e) To investigate non- linear vibration in hydraulic positioning systems which is associated

with frictional and hydraulic fluid compressibility effects.

(g) Numerical solutions of the governing equations

have been obtained, using experimentally

derived parameters for the static-friction

coefficient versus time relationship and

using a linear relation for kinetic friction versus sliding speed. The results agree

reasonably well with experimental observations,

but a better description of the frictional behavior appears desirable.

Investigations are being made into microslip during the stick portion of the stickslip cycle and into obtaining the frictionvelocity relationship during unsteady sliding

by using appropriately scaled acceleration

to subtract inertia forces from the driving

force

.

(6578) AN INVESTIGATION OF PROBLEMS OF HAEMODIALYSER

DESIGN.

(c) Dr. G.V. Parkinson; Dr. C.A. Brockley.

(d) Ph.D. dissertation

(e) To investigate experimentally, supported by

some theoretical analysis, different

configurations of dialysis chamber, flow

inlet ducting, and transition chamber, with

the purpose of achieving a more efficient

flow distribution system within the constraints

of available pressure differential and blood

flow rate, and the requirements of a high

ratio of membrane surface to blood volume

for dialysis

.

(g) A new theoretical analysis for dialysis of

blood flow through a circular tube has been

made. A new flow meter designed for

pulsatile blood flow measurement has been

calibrated for steady flow, and is being

calibrated for unsteady flow. Components for

the experimental dialysis unit are being

designed,

(6579) FLOW SEPARATION IN PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES.

(c) Dr. Zeev Rotem; Dr. V.J. Modi.

(d) M.A. Sc. thesis.

(e) It is of great practical importance to obtain

detailed understanding of flow phenomena

through prosthetic valves. These valves will

sometimes fail after several years of satisfactory operation in vitro, and there is reason to believe that at least some of the

failures may be explained by inadequate

hydrodynamic design.

The project involves in its preliminary

stages the testing of enlarged models of

valves at present commonly used, under conditions of both steady and piilsating flows

.

(g) Literature survey has been undertaken. Test

valves are being manufactured,

(6580) QUALITATIVE STUDY OF SEPARATED FLOW BEHIND

BLUFF BODIES,

(c) Dr, Zeev Rotem; Dr, V,J, Modi,

(e) It is intended to study, visually, the wake

geometry behind several stationary bluff

bodies using a glycerol solution tunnel and

Schlieren apparatus,

(g) The glycerol solution tunnel as well as the

Schlieren apparatus have been constructed.

The calibration of the tunnel is in progress.

Several circular cylindrical models have

been constructed to study the wall effects

on the Strouhal number and wake geometry.

The model of a prosthetic heart valve has

been designed and is under construction.

ECOLE POLYTECHNIC, Dept. of Civil Engrg,. Hvdrodynamics Lab., 2500 Marie-Guyard Ave., Montreal 26,

255
P.Q., Canada.

('iO'l3) STirOY OF THE RELIABILITY AM) OPERATION OF

BACK-WATER VALVES ON PLUMBING SYSTEMS AGAINST

FLOODING BY PUBLIC SEWERS.

(b) City of Montreal, Permits and Inspections

Dept.

(c) Prof. Raymond Boucher, Director, Hydrodynamics

Lab., Ecole Polytechnique.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) A full scale three-story pluirbing system has

been erected in the Hydrodynamics Laboratory

of Ecole Polytechnique . The diameter of the

pluvial column and of the drain is k inches;

experiments were conducted with soil stacks

of 3 and k inches in diameter. The drain has

many sections of pyrex glass to permit observations at critical points. A system of

valves and of cross-connections on the vents

lends to various combinations of tests . The

back-water valves have a transparent luclte cover to enable visual observations. As air

entrainment has a great importance on the

venting capacity, the rate of air entrained

in the vertical coliumis is measured at the

inlet by means of a hot-wire air-meter.

Various flooding conditions of the public

sewers are simi.LLated by a tank in which the

water level can be controlled by gate valves.

This research is aimed at determining whether

back-water valves can offer home dwellers a reliable protection against flooding due to any overload of combined sewers

.

(f) Experiments completed, analysis of results

in progress.

(g) The mechanism of air entrainment has been

studied and tests have revealed the best

position for some of the vents. Recent tests

have been conducted with a soil stack of 3 Inches and with new positions of the vents.

(h) Two Interim reports entitled "Etude experlmentale des soupapes de surete contre les

surcharges d'egout", Andre Leclerc, Roger

Labont^ and Raymond Boucher, Dec. 1-^63 and

Dec. , submitted to sponsor. Final report

in preparation.

(5513) HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF INTAlvES FOR THE MANICOUAGAN 5 HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT.

(b) Quebec Hydro-Electric Commission.

(c) Prof. Raymond Boucher; see ('+0'i-3) above.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A comprehensive model built to an undistorted

scale of 1:60 reproduced the forebay topography, the Intake canal and intake strvictures.

This investigation was conducted to examine

the overall performance of the structures and

to verify the design. A second model of the

intake structures of a different design was also built to the same scale. In order to eliminate the formation of vortices near the

entrance of the intakes, it was necessary to modify the geometry of the structures.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Etude sur modele reduit des prises d'eau de

I'uslne Manicouagan 5", Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamlque, Ecole Polytecliniq.ue, d^cembre 1966.

{59^6) HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDY OF LOG-PASSING DEVICES

AT DAMS.

(b) Quebec Hydro-Electric Commission.

(c) Prof. Andre Leclerc, Assoc. Director, Hydrodynamics Lab., Ecole Polytechnique.

(d) Theoretical ajid experimental for design;

applied research for M.S. Theses.

(e) The study is conducted to determine the best

geometry of intakes, transitions, flumes and

chutes to prevent log Jamming and ascertain

efficient flow especially In vertical and

horizontal bends of chutes. The main purpose

of this study is to design an intake that

will pass the largest flow of logs of 8, 12 and 16 feet with the minimum of water

per log. Consideration must be given to

the fact that the water level upstream of

the dam may vary with time up to 35 feet at some locations. The elevation of the intake

structure must be varied accordingly to control the rate of flow.

(f) Active. Other aspects of the problem are actually under study.

(g) An intake has been designed and tested on a l:l6 scale model. The prototype width of

the intake is only 8 feet and it can pass

logs h, 8, 12 and 16 feet long without any

danger of jamming. Two other models have

been operated to study the Influence of the

length and of the diameter of the logs on their uniform velocity. A study has also

been made of the velocity of the logs when

they pass through circular buckets as usually provided for at the downstream end

of chutes. The Influence of the radius of

ciurvature of these buckets has been determined.

(h) "Le passage des billots aux barrages - Etude

sur module reduit, partie I: Etudes des

tabliers d' entree; partie II: Etudes des

echelles mecaniques," joint report prepared

by the Quebec Hydro-Electric Commission and

Ecole Polytechnique, janvier 1967.

"Etude sur module reduit du comportement des

bllles en canal prlsmatique, " Pierre Dumas,

M.S. Thesis, Ecole Polytechnique, septembre

1-167

.

"Etude a echelle reduite du passage des

billots dans des canaux rectsingulaires avec courbure dans le plan vertical," Norman

McNeil, M.S. Thesis, Ecole Polytechnique,

septembre 1967.

(5911-7) HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDY OF HEAD LOSSES THROUGH

VARIOUS RESTRICTED ORIFICES FOR THE SURGE

TANICS OF MMJICOUAGAN 5 HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT.

(b) Quebec Hydro-Electric Comnission.

(c) Frol". Raymond Boucher; see (lj-043) above.

(d) Experimental; applied research; M.S. thesis.

(e) A first model has been built to a scale of

1:107.3- Head loss coefficients of various

orifice shapes have been studied for the two

flow directions under steady flow conditions.

To obtain a given loss coefficient ratio

for the two flow directions, a final form

of the orifice to be installed in the surge

tanks has been determined. A second model

has been built to a scale of 1:72. No

appreciable scale effect has been observed.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Etude sur modele reduit de differents

etranglements pour les chambres d'equilibre

de 1* usine Manicouagan 5-" Alexandre Godin

and Raymond Boucher, juin I966.

"Etude sur modele reduit de differents

etrangelements pour les chambres d equilibre

de i'uslne Manicouagan 5," Supplement No. 1,

Laboratorle d'Hydrodynamique, Ecole Polytechnique, mars I967.

{39k8) THEORETICAL STUDY ON THE TIDAL MOTION IN THE

ST. LAWRENCE ESTUARY.

(b) National Reseai-ch Council; laboratory project.

256
(c) Dr. H.VJ. Partenscky, Prof, of Hydraijlics,

Ecole Polytechnique, Hydrodynamics Lab.

(d) Theoretical and field investigation; applied

research for M.S. thesis.

(e) Investigation of the tidal characteristics of

the St. Lawrence Estuary by means of a mathematical model. Empirical determination

of geometric and roughness effects on tidal

amplitudes and velocities. Calculation of

tidal discharges. Study of geostrophic

effects. Comparison of computed tidal

velocities v;ith field measurements

.

(f) Completed.

(g) Theoretical results showed good agreement

with field measurements for average tidal

anrplit\:ides and velocities.

(h) Tidal Motion in the St. Lawrence Estuary,"

H.W. Partenscky and R. Vincent, Proc. Xth

Conf. on Coastal Engrg., Extra. 9, Tokyo, I966.

"Tidal Ch8.racteristics of the St. Lawrence

Estuary Determined by Means of a Linearized

Approximation," H.W. Partenscky and R. Vincent, Report prepared for the National

Research Council in Ottawa, Sept. I965,

Ecole Polytechnique, Hydraulics Div., Montreal,

Canada.

(59'+9) SALINITY INTRUSION STUDY FOR THE ST. LAVfRENCE

ESTUARY.

(b) National Research Coimcil; laboratory project.

(c) Dr. H. V/erner Partenscky; see (59'^8).

(d) Theoretical and field investigation.

(e) One-dimensiona.l study on the salinity intrusion

in the St. Lawence Estuary based on mean

tidal velocities obtained from theoretical

investigations and field meastorements. Comparison of computed salinity values with

prototype data.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Etvide sur la variation cycliq,ue de la

salinite moyenne dans I'estaire du Sa,intLaurent," H.W. Partenscky and L. Loiichard,

Report prepared for the National Research

Council in Otta,v7a, Sept. I967, Ecole Polytechnique, Hydraulics Div., Montreal, Cans,da.

"The Intrusion of Salinity into the Estuary

of the St. Lawence River," H.W. Partenscky

and L. Louchard, prepared for XIth Conf. on Coastal Engrg., London, Sept. I968.

(5950) STUDY ON THE OSCILLATION OF FLAP GATES.

(b) National Research Council; laboratory

project

.

(c) Dr. V. Werner Partenscky; see ( 59^+8)

.

(d) Experimental; fundamental study; M.S.

thesis.

(e) The excitation of flap gates to oscillate has

been investigated by means of systematic

measurements. Tests were carried out with a fixed flap gate. The excitation of the nappe

under different operating conditions has been

studied and frequencies 8,nd amplitudes of the

oscillating ns-ppe have been detennined.

Critical conditions for the excitation at

V78,ter bands have been found.

(f) Tests completed; report in final stage.

(g) Characteristics of the mean periodic pressure

forces acting on the flap gates in the

initial phase of excitation could be determined.

(h) "Oscillations de lames deversantes non-aerfees," H.W. Partenscky and I. Sar Khloeimg, Proc. Xllth Congr. Intl. Assoc. Hydraulic Res.,

Paper S-6, Vol. k, Sept. I967, Fort Collins,

Colo.

"Supplement a la publication S-6," H.W. Partenscky and I. Sar Khloeung, Proc. Xllth Congr. lAHR, Vol. 5, Sept, I967, Fort

Collins, Colo.

(6822) SYSTEMATIC MODEL STUDY OF HEAD LOSSES THROUGH

RESTRICTED ORIFICES FOR SURGE TANKS.

(b) National Research Council; laboratory

project.

(c) Prof. A. Godin, Assoc. Prof. Hydrodynamics

Lab., Ecole Polytechnique.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) The purpose of this research Is to complete

the model study commenced under project

(59^7). A model built to a scale 1:72 has

been used to verify effects of diameter and

shape on head- loss coefficients of restricted

orifices

.

(f) Laboratory work completed,

(h) Final report in preparation.

(6823) TWO DIMENSIONAL JET IN A STREAMING FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Iivc Roblllard, Asst. Prof. Hydraulics Div.,

Ecole Polytechnique

.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research.

(e) Experiments and theory concern velocity

field and the diffusion of a turbulent jet

opposite to a, strea.ming flow.

(g) Apparatus under construction.

UNIVERSITY OF GUEEPH, School of Agricultural Engrg.,

Hydrology Section , Guelph, Onta,rlo, Canada.

{27k0) MAIN TILE DRAIN SIZES FOR COMPOSITE DRAINAGE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof, F.R. Hore, Univ. of Guelph.

(d) Field investigation; applied research,

(e) Mea,surements of tile discharge from several

field laterals have been made during the

April-October period over a ten year period.

During the past five years additional lines

placed at the mid- spacing have also been

measured to determine the effect of closer

spacing.

(f) Discontinued.

(g) No analysis has yet been performed.

(5508) TRANSIENT PRESSURE AND WATER CONTENT

DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOIL-WATER FLOW SYSTEMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.N. Stammers, Univ. of Guelph.

(d) Experimental; ba.sic research; Masters' degree.

(e) Soil columns initially saturated are permitted

to drain by gravity under various outflow

impedances. The v^ater table position with

time is determined by pressure transducers

and the measured flux of v;ater is checked

against the steady- sta,te form of the flux

equations

,

(g) The moving v/ater table condition invalidates

the steady-state form of the flux equa,tion

for flov7 of water through a saturated medium.

i660h) HYDROLOGY OF BLUE SPRINGS EASIN, ONTARIO.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H,R. Whlteley, Univ. of Guelph.

(d) Field investigation; basic research.

(e) Comprehensive monitoring of several components

of the hydrologic system on this 20 sq. mile

257
basin will provide the basis for development

of a mathematical model from which synthetic

stream flow data may be generated for basins

formed from glacial moraine deposits,

(g) Two years observations indicate large con- tributions of groundwater flow and considerable variability in source area contribution.

(6605) STREAMFLOW SYNTHESIS BY WATER BALAUCE AHD

ROUTING METHODS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.D. Ayers, Univ. of Guelph.

(d) Experimental; development.

(e) Existing hydrometeorological information is

examined and by the use of rainfall and

temperature inputs on an hourly basis, water

balance computations are carried out on a watershed basis. Surface runoff and groundwater flow components are computed and

routed through storages to generate an hourly

discharge hydrograph.

(g) A model has been developed for the South

Branch Thames River, Canada, based on continuous water balance computations through

the entire year. Considerable difficulty

is experienced in simulating the winter and

transitional season events.

(h) "Derivation of a General Flood Wave Hydrograph

from a Continuous Watershed Water Balance,"

H.D. Ayers and J. Balek, UKESCO Symp. on

Floods, Leningrad, I967. "An Hourly Water Balance Model as a Basis for

Continuous Water Resources Assessment on a Watershed," H.D. Ayers and J. Balek, Intl.

Assoc. Scientific Hydrology, lUGG, General

Assembly of Bern Switzerland, I967.

(6606) DRAINAGE OF AGRICULTURAL Km URBAN AREAS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. R.W. Irwin, Univ. of Guelph.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Hydrologic elements including precipitation,

soil moisture, groundwater and streamflow

are being monitored on a small catchment

which is now predominatly agricultural.

It is anticipated that the land use will

change to urban- industrial over the next ten

years. The hydrologic influences of these

changes will be determined.

THE HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION OF ONTARIO,

Hydraulic Model Lab. , Toronto 2, Ontario, Canada

Inquiries concerning the following projects should

be addressed to Mr. J.B. Bryce, Hydraulic Engr.,

Hydraulic Development Dept., Hydro-electric Power

Commission of Ontario, 620 University Ave., Toronto 2,

Ontario, Canada.

(i+026) NIAGARA RIVER MODEL,

(b) Ontario Hydro.

(d) Experimental; for design and operation.

(e) An existing 1:250 x 1:50 scale model reproducing five miles of the Niagara River from

Buckhorn Island to below the Cataracts is

being used to determine the operational

characteristics of the Niagara River Control

Structure under developed conditions. This

model was previously \ised to investigate the

remedial works necessary for the Preservation

and Enhancement of Niagara Falls and for the

location of the intakes and necessary river

improvements of both Ontario Hydro and the

Power Authority of the State of New York. To fully realize the terms of the 1950 Niagara

Treaty, additional remedial works have been

designed. These include a five-gate

extension to the existing 13-gate control

structure as well as a system containing an upstream accelerating wall, a downstream

training wall and overflow weir for the safe

passage of ice past the various intakes along

the Canadian shore of the river above the

Falls. The sequence of construction of

these works and the conditions during their

construction were determined in the model.

Rating of the structure under cofferdammed

conditions was obtained. An echo- sounding

survey with electronic fixing was made in

the field in I962 and portions of the model

re-contoured. Certain river improvements

were designed and executed to assist in the

passage of ice floes,

(f) Design completed, but model still operational

(l+il55) ARROW LAKES DAM - COLUMBIA RIVER.

(b) British Columbia. Hydro and Power Authority.

(d) Experimental; for design and operation.

(e) An 1:80 scale model of the Arrow Lakes and

dam and environs was built to determine the

detailed location and adequacy of the water

passages in a concrete structure and the

energy-dissipating works necessary to ensure

the protection of an associated earth dam.

Numerous tests have been made with a movable

bed of fine sand to determine erosion

characteristics and navigation velocities

upstream and downstream of a lock situated

between the concrete structure and the earth

dam.

A 1:50 scale model was tested in a flume to determine the hydraulic design of the tunnel

ports in the concrete structure and to develop the associated energy-dissipating

works . Rating of these ports was obtained

as well as the hydraulic loadings on the port

gates. A 1:60 scale model of one of the four

sluiceways has been tested in the flume to determine the rating of the sluice and the

hydraulic loadings on the sluice gate. Piezometers were used to determine under varying

conditions of flow, the rollway pressures as well as the pressures at selected locations

in the energy dissipating bucket and

associated tooth- like projections of the

dlssipator

.

(f) Design completed, but site model still active

(5516) SIR ADAM BECK-NIAGARA GENERATING STATIONS.

(b) Ontario Hydro.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:80 scale model was built of the two canals leading to the plants including the crossover, in order to determine the performance with the Increased flow of Sir Adam

Beck No. 1 canal due to its enlargement.

(f) Work completed and model inactive but

operational.

(6167) AUBREY FALLS GENEFIATING STATION.

(b) Ontario Hydro.

(d) Experimental; for design.

(e) A 1:80 scale model was constructed of the

power site including a sluice discharge dam, a power dam and associated tallrace. Hydraulic studies were made of the unwaterlng

procedure, cofferdams' location, sluice

258
discharge capacities, and high water discharge

channel wall design, and economical tailrace

excavation to reduce tailwater levels at the

plant

.

(f) Design completed, but model still active.

(6168) MTICOKE GEWERATIWG STATION.

(b) Ontario Hydro.

(d) Experimentalj for design.

(e) A 1:36 model has been constructed of the submerged intake in a lake, leading to a tunnel

and forebay for a fossil-fired four-unit

2,000 Mw plant. The water pumped through the

intake will be required for service water,

condenser cooling water and tempering water

for the discharge channel in the summer. The

accepted design will be used for a second

intake for a four-unit addition at a later

date

.

(f) Model is active, design proceeding.

LASALLE HYDRAULIC LABORATORY, 0250 St. Patrick,

LaSalle, P.^l., Canada

{•3h28) PEACE RIVER TAILRACE.

(b) International Power and Engineering Consultants

Ltd.

(d) Experimental and theoretical, design.

(e) Study on a 1/96 scale model of the head losses

and surge waves in the tailrace manifold and

tunnel.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(5720) QUEBEC ATOMIC POWER REACTOR.

(b) Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.

(d) Theoretical and experimental, design.

(e) Study on scale models of the hydraulic problem

involved by the emergency dumping process of

the heavy water moderator.

Dump port shape was first studied on a l/k- scale two-dimensional model to maximize the

discharge capacity of the dump port. Then a

l:9«'+6 model of the reactor vessel was used to study problems pertaining to the dumping

process.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6226) TIDAL POWER PRODUCTION - BAY OF FUNDY.

(b) Atlantic Tidal Power Programming Board,

Halifax, N.S.

(d) Theoretical (a computer study).

(e) Development of a computer program for determining optimum power and energy generation for

various tidal power developments. The

following parameters can be introduced in the

program: six way operations of the unit

(turbining, pumping or slioicing in both

directions) with of course real turbine

characteristics for all type of operations.

Sluiceway capacity - Generator rating - Backwater effect in the basin - Variation of cost

of energy with the hour of production (peaking

problem) - Limit due to levels or gradient of

discharges (wave problems), etc. Operation of the program for determining power

and energy generation of selected tidal power

development sites, optimization of operation

and equipment.

(g) Several sites are under investigation.

(6227) TIDAL PROPAGATION IN THE BAY OF FUtTOY.

(b) Atlantic Tidal Power Programming Board,

Halifax, N.S.

(d) Theoretical - mathematical model.

(e) Development and adjustment of a mathematical

model (using an IBM 36O-5O) reproducing

accurately existing tidal regime in the whole

Bay of Funday.

Operation of the model to analyze effect on tidal regime, of building and operating

various possible tidal power plants,

(g) Very satisfactory agreement has been obtained

between observed and computed values of tidal

elevations, amplitudes and phases.

(6228) LAKE ST. PETER.

(b

(d

(f

( (6229

(b

(d

(e

(f

(h

(6230

(t

(d

(e

(f

(h

(6231

(b

(d

(e

(f)

(h)

(6232)

(b)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(h)

(6233)

(b)

(d)

Department of Transport, Canada.

Experimental

.

Study of the effect of dyking the Ship Channel

in Lake St. Peter between Montreal and Quebec.

Study carried out on a model bmlt to scales

of 1/75 vertically and I/6OO horizontally.

Suspended.

Report submitted to sponsor. MATANE HARBOUR.

Dept. of Public Works of Canada (Harbours and

Rivers Engrg. Branch); Menard, Marsan and

Thlbeault, Consulting Engineers, Rimouski;

Sotramer, Grenoble (France).

Experimental; theoretical.

Flume tests and analytical study aimed at defining breakwater profiles of the new deep

water harbour. Tetrapod and rubble-mound

armour coverings were retained in the design.

Completed.

Report submitted to sponsor.

P.E.I. CAUSEWAY.

Dept. of Public Works of Canada; Northumberland Consultants Ltd., Sotramer, Grenoble

(France)

.

Experimental

.

Flume tests at scale l/39 to investigate the

stability of the causeway profiles against wave action. Tetrapods were used as armour

units

.

Completed

.

Report submitted to sponsor.

abu dhabi l- shaped small vessel dock

(trucial states).

Cansult, Consulting Engineers, Montreal.

Theoretical.

The main intent of this short study was to arrive at an appropriate orientation for the

protective structures so as to provide effective shelter to small boats. Refraction and

diffraction wave diagrams were traced in order

to achieve this purpose.

Completed.

Report submitted to sponsor.

WAVE FORCES ON A DRILLING PLATFORM.

Dufresne Construction Co., Ltd., Montreal.

Theoretical.

Calculation of forces exerted by waves on pipe

spuds of Dufresne 's Drill Towers M90 and M91

in water depths from 6O-IOO ft for wave

heights from 2-12 ft. Completed.

Report submitted to sponsor.

CHAFFEYS LOCK NO. 37 (RIDEAU CAML) .

Dept. of Transport, Canals Div., Ottawa.

Experimental

.

259
(e) Improvement of the filling system of this

small lock (IO.6 foot lift) by refining the

outlet shape of the two lateral filling

culverts which are discharging directly below

the upstream mitre gates, one against the

other. The desired modifications have been

evolved under steady flow conditions, at a

scale of 1/20.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6231+) NEWBORO LOCK NO. 36 (RIDEAU CAM.L)

.

(b) Dept. of Transport, Canals Div., Ottawa.

(d) Experimental.

(e) Improvement of the fi3-ling conditions in this

small lock (l2 foot lift) which is filled

through valves in the upper mitre gates.

Very worthwhile results were obtained by using

a dual baffle arrangement in front of the

filling openings, on the upper mitre gate sill.

The tests were conducted for steady flow

conditions, at a scale of 1/20.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6235) ST. LAMBERT ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY LOCK.

(b) The St. Lawrence Seaway Authority, Montreal.

(d) Model investigation.

(e) Hydraulic testing of cross-culverts discharging directly below the upstream mitre gates,

so as to produce a positive flow for flushing

the ice and providing longitudinal hydraulic

assistance to the ships as they leave the

lock (scale I/20).

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6236) UPPER Am LOWER BEAUHARNOIS ST. LAWRENCE

SEAWAY LOCKS.

(b) The St. Lawrence Seaway Authority, Montreal.

(d) Model investigation.

(e) Hydraulic testing of an ice flushing - hydraulic assist system similarly as for the St. Lambert Lock (scale 1/20).

(6237) WELIAND LOCKS - MODEL STUDY OF PORTS.

(b) The St. Lawrence Seaway Authority, Montreal.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) Basic study on the hydraulic performance of

various types of ports in view of repair and

rehabilitation of lock chamber walls. The

model produces a single port connecting a culvert and a lock chamber (at a scale of

1/18) and computations enable the data from

the model to be applied to an entire lock.

(6238) EROSION OF FOUNDATIONS AT JUNCTIONS OF

CONCRETE CRIB BREAKWATERS.

(b) Dept. of Public Works of Canada (Design

Directorate )

.

(d) Theoretical and experimental.

(e) This wave flume study was aimed at obtaining

a qijialitative knowledge of the performance

of a key inserted in the joint, either at the

harbour face, the seaward face or the middle

of the cribs, resting on top of the foundation or being driven some distance into it.

The rather disappointing results obtained

with a single key defence suggested to use a double key defence placed at the seaward and

harbour faces of the cribs, driven into the

foundation and used in conjunction with a given height of fill material in the joint.

Prevention of "piping" was treated both

experimentally and theoretically.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6239) ICE TESTS ON THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER MODEL.

(b) Department of Transport.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; design.

(e) Ice tests are under way on I/15O vertically

and 1/600 horizontally scale model of the

St. Lawrence River in the reach of Laprairie

Basin - Lanoraie in order to study the ice

conditions and the solution to improve them

in regard to flood risks during winter.

(621^0) MONTREAL CITY WATER INTAKE.

(b) City of Montreal.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; design.

(e) Study of the water intake protection against

ice intrusion. A study carried out on a

1/12 scale model showed that the maximum

capacity of the existing water intake can be

reached before ice floe intrusion appears

.

As protection against frazil ice intrusion

by modification of the intake shape would be

costly and incertain, and as this intrusion

hazard is of a short duration (during the ice cover formation in the forebay), recommen- dations were made for melting the ice frazil

by injection of hot water in front of the

intake

.

Completed.

Report submitted to sponsor.

(f

(h

(62i+l POLPITIYA DIVERSION DAM ( CEYLON).

(b) T. Ingledow and Associates Ltd.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; design.

(e) Study on a l/h& scale model of the spillway

and of its protection against resulting scours.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(621+2) DUNCAN LAKE DEVELOPMENT.

(b) Montreal Engineering Company Ltd.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; design.

(e) Study on a I/60 scale model of the spillway

stage discharge curves for symmetric and

dissjrmmetrical gate openings.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(621+3) PEACE RIVER SPILLWAY.

(b) International Power and Engineering

Consultants Ltd.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; design.

(e) Study on a I/96 scale model of the outlet

shape of the spillway tunnel. Varioxjs

shapes and settings of the bucket were tested

in order to minimize the scouring and the

resulting head losses for the power plant

tailrace

.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(621+1+) FRAZER RIVER (CAREY'S POINT - ROSEDALE REACH).

(b) Department of Public Works.

(d) Model investigations; design.

(e) Studies on a movable bed model of the solutions to stabilize and maintain a minimum

draught in the main channel which tends to divagate

.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6250) VANCOUVER HARBOUR.

(b) National Harbour Board.

(e) Investigation on a scale model of the water

level and tidal current modifications

260
res^llting from local dredging in the first and

the second narrow and from plugging of the

Indian Ann a causeway,

(62+5) IDDIKI POWER INTAKE.

(b) Surveyer, Nenniger and Chenevert, Consulting

Engineers.

(d) Theoretical and model investigation.

(e) Investigation of a submerged vertical shaft

intake. Determination of optimum diati^ter

and height with regard to velocity distribution

and head losses.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

(62lt.6) OUTARDES k - POWER INTAKE.

(b) Hydro-Quebec.

(d) Model investigation.

(e) Development of anti-vortex system upstream of

a large power intake in an elbowing canal.

Vortices were successfully suppressed by

withdrawing the inert fluid against the

vertical wall of the structure through a series of small culverts connected to the gate

wall.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

{62k-T) SCOUR ACTION DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM.

(b) Dept. of Public Works of Canada.

(d) Model investigation.

(e) Development of adequate protection downstream

of a dam where discharge under 20 feet of

head flows with a fine sand estuary.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

(621+8) OUTARDES 3 - SPILLWAY.

(b) Hydro-Quebec.

(d) Model investigation.

(e) Investigation of a spillway with large up- stream velocities. Determination of maximum

allowable discharge coefficient with regard

to cavitation danger. Investigation of flow

stability in two branching channels with

large difference in velocity.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report submitted to client.

(621+9) OUTARDES 2 AND MAWICOUAGAN 5 SURGE TANKS,

(b) Hydro-Quebec.

(d) Theoretical and model investigation.

(e) Investigation of general performance of surge

tanks . Determination of optimum throttling

orifice and surge shaft dimension. Surge

tank stability analysis. Verification of

variation of orifice loss with acceleration.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

(6251) HEAVY WATER CIRCULATION IN NUCLEAR REACTOR.

(b) Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.

(d) Theoretical and model investigation.

(e) Investigation of means to withdraw evenly

moderator fluid along the periphery of a 250 MW (e) nuclear reactor. Manifold and

vortex problems

.

(f) Completed,

(h) Report submitted to client.

(6252) BROMPTOWVILLE ICE JAM PROBLEM.

(b) Dept. of Nat\iral Resources of Quebec.

(d) Model investigation.

(e) Model investigation of large ice floe jamming

in Bromptonville, Que. Development of ice

Jam flushing system,

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

(6253) BACK FILLING IN THE RIVIERE DES PRAIRIES.

(b) City of Montreal.

(d) Theoretical and design.

(e) Study to determine the influence of back

filling in the vinlcity of an island; effect on water levels in free water conditions as well as with ice conditions prevailing in

the region.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6254) NORTHERN MONTREAL WATERSHED SEWER INTERCEPTOR.

(b) City of Montreal.

(d) Theoretical and design.

(e) Study of a 15 miles long interceptor designed

to collect water from a territory of 38,000

acres. Design of the overflow appurtenances

taking into account the storage capacity of

the interceptor in order to limit the outflow

to a certain rainfall probability which, by

the way, fixed the maximum discharge at the

treatment plant located at interceptor end.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6255) LEAPING WEIR REGULATING DEVICE,

(b) City of Montreal.

(d) Theoretical; experimental and design.

(e) Study, at scale model, of a regulating device

which could Intercept a fixed amount of flow

independently of the total discharge involved.

This device, for example, could be Integrated

in a sewer collector at its crossing over an Interceptor when it is wished that a maximum discharge (so many times the dryweather flow) be intercepted. This device

has no moving part.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

(6256) NORTHERN MONTREAL SALABERRY SEWER COLLECTOR.

(b) City of Montreal.

(d) Theoretical and design.

(e) Study of the modifications to be made on an

existing sewer. Design of an overflow

spillway and connection to the interceptor.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to sponsor.

UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, Hydraulics Laboratory , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Inquiries concerning the following projects should

be addressed to: Asst. Prof. V. Galay, Dept. of

Civil Engrg. , Univ. of Manitoba.

(5999) HELICOIDAL FLOW IN RIVER BENDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Basic research in the hydraulics laboratory

towards a Masters degree.

(e) The study was conducted in a fixed bed

channel, 1+0 ft. long, 1.0 feet wide and O.5

feet deep with four curves of different

radii. The helicoidal flow phenomenon was studied for different depths of flow.

(f) Tests completed.

(g) The tests showed that helicoidal flow can take place in a curved laboratory flume^.

261
Direction of bottom currents and transverse

water surface slope were in agreement with the

theory.

(h) "A Laboratory Study of Flow Around Bends and

Bank Stabilization," D. Pashniak, M.Sc.

Thesis, Univ. of Manitoba, I966.

(6000) RIVER BANK STABILIZATION.

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Basic research in the hydraulics laboratory

towards a Masters degree.

(e) Tests have been conducted in a movable-bed

channel, ^4-0 ft. long, 10 ft. wide, and O.5

ft. deep with four curves of different radii.

Basic stabilization measures consisted of

spur dikes, jetties and revetments.

(f) Tests completed.

(g) The effect of stabilization measures on the

natural erosion patterns was studied and

recorded. The findings were in general

agreement with established theories.

(h) Report completed.

(6618) HYDROLOGIC MODEL,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Basic research in the hydraulics laboratory.

(e) To assess the accuracy of models in reproducing hydrologic conditions, namely precipitation, infiltration and runoff, that

exist in watersheds. Field information from

the Wilson Creek Experimental Watershed will

be used to correlate model information.

(f) Model under construction.

(6619) ENGINEERIKG IFTERFEREHCE VJITH RIVERS,

(b) Laboratory project.

(d) Basic research in the hydraulics laboratory.

(e) To qualitatively and quantitatively assess

the effects of engineering interference,

such as dams and diversions, upon the

behavior of a river channel.

(f) Model under construction.

MCGILL UNIVERSITY, Dept. of Civil Engineering and

Applied Mechanics , Montreal 2, P.Q., Canada.

ih5h6) CAVITATION AT HIGH-HEAD SLUICE GATES.

(b) National Research Council, Canada.

(c) Dr. A.J. Reynolds, Dept. of Civil Engrg. and

Applied Mechanics, McGill Univ., presently

at Mechanical Engrg. Dept., Brunei Univ.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex, England.

(d) Experimental; applied research, for Doctoral

degree

.

(e) Study of pressure fluctuations on wall behind an obstruction which produces cavitation.

(f) Work transferred to 11" by 11" water tunnel.

(g) The flow was established in a syphon t\annel

of section 3" 3". Mean pressure distributions were measured for a wide range of

blockage ratios, with and without air addition.

Overall pressure recovery was found to be

accurately predicted by momentum balance

assuming one-dimensional flow. Length of eddy

behind gate (without air addition) agreed with

previous measurements of Rouse and Forthmann.

The length of the eddy was found to be as much as twice that of the eddy formed in the

very similar flow at a sluice gate beyond

which there is a nearly level free surface.

(h) "Pressure Fluctuations in Re-Attaching Flow",

R. Narayanan, M. Eng. Thesis, 196?.

"Reattachment Downstream of a Control Gate," A.D. Kapur and A.J. Reynolds, Jour. Hydraulic

Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 1, I967.

(14-923) DIVISION OF OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW.

(b) National Research Council, Canada.

(c) Dr. A.J. Reynolds; see (h'ykS) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research, for Master's

degree

.

(e) Detailed examination of flow at junction

between straight channel and a branch at 90°

.

(f) Completed.

(g) All three sections of the experimental

channel are 8" wide, the walls and bottom

being plexiglas and painted steel. The

features noted in several earlier studies

of such flows have been fitted into a consistent pattern. Simple mathematical

models have been found to describe almost

every feature of the flow well away from the

junction.

(h) "Dividing Flow in Open Channel," S.W. Law and

A.J. Reynolds, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Proc

.

Amer. Soc. Civ. Engrgs., Vol. 92, No. HY2,

p. 207, 1966.

(l+92it) WAVES IN AND NEAR PACK ICE.

(t)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

Defence Research Board, Canada.

Dr. A.J. Reynolds; see (h'ykG) above.

Theoretical and experimental; basic and

applied research, for Master's degree.

Study of fundamental mechanical processes

of interaction between surface waves and

floating elastic bodies.

Completed.

The dependence of reflection and transmission

coefficient on wave-length, wave steepness,

and the nature of the edge of the floating

sheet has been determined experimentally.

Wave celerity and damping in the system

composed of sheet and water have also been

determined.

"Laboratory Simulation of Waves in an Ice Floe," A.O. Ofuya and A.J. Reynolds, Jour. Geophys. Res., Vol. 72, No. Ik, I967.

[5280) UNIFORM DISTORTION OF TURBULENCE.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(g)

(h)

Defence Research Board, Canada.

Dr. A.J. Reynolds; see {k'yk6) above.

Experimental; basic research for Doctoral

thesis.

Study of uniformly distorted turbulence to investigate the approach to equilibrium

structure and the nature of that structure. Several distorting ducts have been constructed, to allow both planar and three-dimensional irrotational straining of grid

turbulence. The case of plane straining has

been studied in detail, the turbulence being

found to respond in two respects in a manner markedly different from that reported by

Townsend. The degree of anisotropy attainab

is much greater; the relaxation of anisotropy upon release of the strain is much

more abrupt.

"The Distortion of Turbulence by Plane,

Rotationless Strain," H.J. Tucker and A.J. Reynolds, Jo-ur. Fluid Mechanics (in press).

(5669) GENERATION OF SURGES AND SOLITARY WAVES.

(b) National Research Council, Canada.

(c) Dr. S.B. Savage, Dept. of Civil Engrg. and

Appl. Mech., McGill Univ.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic resear^

for doctoral thesis.

262
(e) St\ady of the generation and development "of waves by a single stroke of a piston at uniform velocity.

(g) Time histories of channel hed pressures and

free surface elevations are being measured.

The higher-order equations accounting for the

effects of nonlinearity and dispersion are being integrated by the method of characteristics .

(6610) CAVITATING DELTA. WING.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. S.B. Savage; see (5669) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) Study of the flow about a cavitating deltawing.

(g) Models are being constructed for 3-component

measurements in the 28cm. by 28cm. water

tunnel.

MCMA.STER UMVERSITY, Chemical Engrg. Dept., Fluid

Mechanics Group , Hamilton, Ontario.

(6056) VISCOUS FLOW THROUGH PARTICLE ASSEMBLAGES.

(b) National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. A.E. Hemielec, Assoc. Prof, of Chemical

Engrg., Dept. of Chemical Engrg., McMaster

Univ.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic

research for doctoral thesis.

(e) Project is aimed at developing computer

solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for

transient, incompressible flow through particle assemblages (fluidized and packed beds

and bubble swarms) at intermediate Reynolds

numbers. New techniques are being developed

to account for particle interaction.

Experimental work involves the measurement of

the surface pressure distribution on a test

sphere in a packed bed.

(g) Numerical solutions have been obtained for

incompressible, Newtonian flow through sphere

assemblages for the Rejmolds number range,

0-1000, and the porosity range, 0.4-1,0.

The numerical results show the effects of

variation in Reynolds number and porosity on:

(1) surface vorticity and pressure distributions; (2) form, function, and total drag

coefficients; (3) standing vortex ring

dimensions. The agreement of predicted and

measured drag coefficients for packed and

fluidized beds is satisfactory.

(h) "Viscous Flow Through Particle Assemblages

at Intermediate Reynolds Numbers, Part I - Steady- state Solutions for Flow through

Assemblages of Spheres," B.P. LeClair and

A.E. Hamielec, -unpublished paper. Paper is

available through I and EC Research Results.

"Numerical Studies of Viscous Flow Around

Circular Cylinders," A.E. Hamielec and J.D. Raal -unpublished paper. May be obtained by

writing Dr. A.E. Hamielec, see (c).

(6057) VISCOUS FLOW AROUND BLUNT BODIES IN THE TRANSITION FLOW REGIME.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. A.E. Hamielec; see (6056) above.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) Computer solutions for transient, 3-dimensional flows aroimd blunt object at high

Reynolds numbers are being developed. Disturbances are introduced and the effects on local flow behaviour are predicted theoretically. Disturbance parameters such as position, wave form, frequency, amplitude,

and damping factor are being considered. This

investigation may lead to techniques for drag

reduction. The experimental program is now being planned.

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, Div. of Mechanical Engrg. , Hydraulics Section , Montreal Rd., Ottawa 7, Canada

(l)-525) FORMATION OF ICE IN RIVERS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. S. Ince, Head, Hydraulics Section, Natl.

Research Council.

(d) Experimental; field investigation.

(e) Water temperatures are being recorded in the

St. Lawrence River between Kingston, Ontario,

and Three Rivers, Quebec, to obtain information on heat losses.

(g) Preliminary calciilations show satisfactory

agreement between measured and computed heat

losses. For closer correlation more precise

measurement of meteorological conditions - particiilarly radiation - will be necessary.

(h) "Observations on the Winter Temperature

Structure of the St. Lawrence River," S. Ince and G.W.T. Ashe, Proc. Eastern Snow Conference,

Utica, New York, Feb. 196k.

(5766) CHURCHILL HARBOUR, MANITOBA.

(b) National Harbours Board, Canada.

(c) Mr. T.M. Dick, Hydraulics Section, Natl,

Research Council.

(d) Field investigation.

(e) Surveys are conducted to determine ice formation and movement in the estuary to dete.-mine means of extending the navigation season,

(f) Completed.

(g) River ice and ebbing currents in the estuary

combine to create a concentrated band of ice

that in passing along the dock face, effectively prevents ships from using the Port. It was concluded that simple obstruction and

diversion of the ice by training walls or jetties would probably lead to the best

solution.

(h) "Limits to Navigation by Ice in the Port of

Churchill," T.M. Dick, Jour. Waterways and

Harbors Div., Vol. 93, No. Wh, pp. 11-26, Nov. 1967.

(5767) WAVE CLIMATE STUDY, LAKE SUPERIOR.

(b) Dept. of Transport, Canada.

(c) Mr. J. Ploeg, Hydraulics Section, Natl.

Research Council.

(d) Field investigation.

(e) Accelerometer type wave recorders are installed at four locations in Lake Superior

to measure waves and correlate with the wind

field.

(6601) WAVE CLIMATE STUDY, GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE.

b) Department of Transport, Canada.

c) Mr. J. Ploeg; see (5767) above.

(d) Field investigation; applied research.

(e) Accelerometer type wave recorders were installed at eight locations in the Giilf of

St. Lawrence to measure waves and correlate

with the wind field.

263
(6602) TIDAL HYDRAULIC MODEL OF THE ST. LAWRENCE

RIVER AMD ESTUARY..

(b) Department of Transport, Canada.

(c) Mr. J. Ploeg; see (576?) above.

(d) Experimental, applied research.

(e) A hydraulic model of the tidal reach of the

river has been constructed to study navigation

improvements

.

(6603) MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

AND ESTUARY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. W. Kamphuis, Hydraulics Section, National

Research Council.

(d) Theoretical.

QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY AT KINGSTON, Hydraulic Labs.,

Dept. of Civil Engrg. , Kingston, Ontario, Canada

(1+057) THE TRANSPORT OF MATERIAL IN PIPE-LINES.

(b) The National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. A. Brebner, Ellis Hall, Queen's Univ. at Kingston.

(d) Laboratory investigation.

(e) Pipes of differing shapes being used to study

the parameters affecting the critical velocity

of deposition.

(h) "Derivation of Regime Equations etc." J.I.C.E.

Vol. 36, pp. 1+7-62, Jan. 1967, and Vol. 37, pp. 775-782, Aug. 1967.

(5673) THE ATTENUATION OF WATER WAVES BY A FLOATING

PULPWOOD BREAKWATER.

(b) The Pulp and Paper Research Institute of

Canada

.

(c) Prof. R.J. Kennedy, Queen's Univ. at Kingston.

(d) Experimental and field project.

(e) The attenuation of waves of various size and

steepness by log masses of different

characteristics was measured in the laboratory

and in the field.

(f) Completed.

(g) Substantial dissipation of wave energy was achieved, a paper is being prepared.

i^Slk) STUDIES OF FLOW-THROUGH VORTICES.

(b) The National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. J. Boadway, Queen's Univ. at Kingston.

(d) Experimental and theoretical project for

master's and doctoral theses.

(e) Velocities, pressures and turbulence characteristics in a series of closed flow-through

vortex chambers are being measured by photographic and electronic techniques.

(g) A departure from free vortex form has been

observed most of which has been explained

by analysis using Reynolds equation in

cylindrical co-ordinates.

(h) Both Masters and Doctoral theses have been

accepted. One paper has been written and

accepted for publication in "The Review of

Scientific Instruments". Two other papers

are in preparation.

(6U9I+) FLOATING AND SUBMERGED BREAKWATERS.

(b) National Research Council of Canada; and

Federal Dept. of Public Works.

(c) Dr. A. Brebner; see ('+057) above.

(d) Experimental and laboratory.

(e) Attenuation of waves by sundry floating

structures and by submerged structures of

various configurations

.

(g) Preliminary reports given to sponsoring

authorities.

(61+95) MAGNITUDE AND PROBABILITY OF PEAK FLOWS OW SMALL DRAINAGE BASINS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO.

(b) The National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Prof. R.J. Kennedy; see (5673) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical project;

applied research for Tnaster's and doctoral

theses

.

(e) Development of a procedure for evalmting

the peak flow which corresponds to a particular return period for small ungauged

drainage basins.

(h) "The Relationship between Lag Time and the

Physical Characteristics of Drainage Basins

in Southern Ontario," R.J. Kennedy and W.E. Watt, I.H.D. Symp. on Floods and Their

Computation, Leningrad, I967.

(61+96) DIFFUSION OF CONTAMINANTS IN FREE TURBULENT

SHEAR FLOWS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Dr. W.E. Watt, Queen's Univ. at Kingston.

(d) Experimental and theoretical project; basic

research for master's and doctoral theses.

(e) A study of the behaviour of simple contaminated shear flows . Initial studies were concerned with dynamically passive contaminants in a velocity mixing zone.

(h) "The Velocity-Temperature Mixing Zone," W.E.

Watt, Univ. of Toronto, Mech. Engrg. Dept. TP 6709, 1967.

(61+97) THE CONTROL OF VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN A

VORTEX.

(b) The National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. J.D. Boadway; see (5671+) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical project; applied

research for a master's thesis.

(e) An attempt to develop a hydraulic design to produce a vortex with the best sedimentation

characteristics

.

(61|-98) WATER CLARIFICATION.

(b) Dept. of University Affairs of the Province

of Ontario.

(c) Dr. J.D. Boadway; see i'^G^k) above.

(d) Experimental and theoretical project;

applied research for a master's thesis.

(e) A study of sedimentation with centrifugal

acceleration.

UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN, Hydraxilics Lab., Dept . of Civil Engrg., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

(6392) SCOUR IN STONE BEDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) D.K. Strang, Hydraulic Engrg., G.E. Crippen

and Associates Limited, North Vancouver,

British Columbia, Canada.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; M.Sc. thesis.

(e) The study was concerned with the determination of the ultimate stable bed shape for

the case of water discharge over a vertical

weir into a stone bed, when tested under

repeated hydrograph conditions. Dimensionless plots were prepared to facilitate

application of the results to field situations.

(f) Completed.

(h) "Scour in Stone Beds," CD. Smith and D.K.

Strang, Proc. 12th Congr., Intl. Assoc.

261+
Hydraulic Research, Vol. 3, pp. 65-73, Sept.

1967, Fort Collins, Colorado.

(6U82) SIDE CHAMEL SPILLWAYS.

(b) Laboratory project, sponsored by National

Research Council of Canada.

(c) Lorand K. Szojka, Hydraulic Engr., P.F.R.A.,

Motherwell Bldg. , Regina, Saskatchewan,

Canada

.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; M.Sc. thesis.

(e) The project involves the determination of the

water surface profile in the channel, and

the discharge capacity of a side channel weir,

when the weir is placed at various angles

with respect to the axis of the channel.

{6k8ji) FLOW MEASUREMENT USING TRIANGULAR WEIRS

AKD FLUMES.

(b) Laboratory project, sponsored by National

Research Council of Canada.

(d) Theoretical and experimental; M.Sc. thesis.

(e) (i) To determine the effect of the proximity

of the floor and sidewalls on a V-notch weir

coefficient, (ii) To investigate the

efficacy of using a V-notch flume for water

measurement

.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, Department of Mechanical

Engineering , Toronto 5, Canada.

(1298) DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS OF WEIR-TYPE

SPILLWAYS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; applied research for master's

theses.

(e) A long-term research carried out with a view

to systematizing discharge characteristics

for spillways having various pier spacings

and proportions.

(f) Significant correlations obtained via special

plotting techniques.

(h) Report in preparation.

(2252) HYDRAUIZrC FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS OF VARIABLE

SLOPE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; fundamental and applied

research.

(e) A doubly-tilting, variable-section flume

facility of 16O ft. length is under construction. Provision is being made for a wide

range of experimental conditions.

(3003) ROUGHNESS PHENOMENA IN OPEN CHAMEL FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) Critical analysis of the hydraulic radius

concept and the effect of cross-section

geometry on the resistance to flow in

conduits. Detailed evaluation of mean flow

parameters such as friction coefficients,

static pressures, velocities, and wall shear

stresses. The channel under study was 70

feet long and had a variable rectangular

cross-section of 3 ^- 1> 'i, 9 inches, respectively, and used air as the fluid medium.

(f) First project completed; others in progress.

{k&89) UNSTEADY LAMINAR FLOW IN SHORT, CLOSED

CONDUITS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheusser, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and analytical; basic research

for master's thesis.

(e) Various cases of unsteady (oscillating)

laminar flow as encountered in typical vis- cous damping devices have been investigated.

(f) Completed.

(g) A friction coefficient has been developed

which accounts for the additional pressure

drop due to oscillating flow.

(h) "Oscillating Flow in Closed Conduits," G. Parato, M.A.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Toronto,

1966.

(ij-890) CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW OF FLUID- SEDIMENT

MIXTURES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheusser, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Evaluation of mean flow parameters such as friction coefficients, static pressure,

velocities and wall shear stresses in a two-dimensional closed condiiit of 1:10

aspect ratio, for pure air flow.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Laufer's results have not been verified in

several details

.

(h) "Characteristics of the Turbulent Mean Flow

in a Two-Dimensional Channel," R.S. Chow,

M.A.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Toronto, 1966.

(5256) OPTIMUM HEIGHTS OF CHIMNEYS.

(b) The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto,

Dept. of Public Works.

(c) Prof. G.R. Lord, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; applied research for design

information.

(e) Determination, in wind tunnel, of thickness

distribution of zone of separate flow on roofs of various building shapes.

(f) Completed.

(g) Chimneys on building roofs should be at least equal in height to the thickness of the

separation zone.

(h) "Minimum Stack Heights for Apartment Buildings," G.R. Lord and H.J. Leutheusser, Univ.

of Toronto, Mech. Engrg. Tech. Publication

Series TP 6602, June I966.

(562i4-) OPEN-CHANNEL PROFILE ANALYSIS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Analytical; basic research.

(e) Fundamental computational projects are being

reviewed and investigated by computer analysis

(g) Improved extrapolation procedures indicate

that significant accuracy of integration can

be achieved with confidence and economy.

(5626) FLOW IN A WEDGE WITH POROUS WALLS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.D. Baines, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) The flow of a fluid with a narrow wedge (less

than 10 degrees included angle) is being

investigated for walls made of screen. Pressure gradients and velocity distributions

are being studied.

(g) Peculiar characteristics have been found for

flow approaching a screen at a small angle.

Pressure drop is much greater than that

265
predicted by simple theory.

(5627) BUILDING AERODYMMICS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheusser, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; for design purposes.

(e) Determination of aerodynamic loading on highrise buildings provided with exterior ribs

and other architectural features

.

(h) "Aerodynamics of a Star-Shaped Building,"

H.J. Leutheusser and B.D. Pratte, Univ. of

Toronto, Mech. Engrg. Tech. Publication

Series TP 6603, July I966.

"Similitude Problems in Building Aerodjmamics,

H.J. Leutheusser and W.D. Baines, Proc . ASCE,

Jour. Hydraulics Div., Vol. 93, Wo. HY3,

May 1967, pp. 35-^9.

(5628) WATER-FLOW-IMDUCED AIR CURRENTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheusser, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis

.

(e) Using a covered 50-foot tilting flume, air

motion as induced by uniform open-channel

flow has been studied.

(f) Suspended.

(g) Facility developed provides very simple means

for studying turbulent plane-Couette flow.

(h) "A Study of Turbulent Plane-Couette Flow,"

V.H. Chu, M.A.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Toronto,

1966.

(5629) DYNAMICS OF A TURBULENT LINE-VORTEX PAIR.

(b) Ia,boratory project.

(c) Prof. J.F. Keffer, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) Counter-rotating turbulent line vortices are convected by a free stream. The characteristics of the turbulence, entrainment, velocity

profiles and vortex interaction are being

determined by conventional hot-wire anemometer eqiiipment and visual techniques.

(f) Completed; thesis and publications in

preparation.

(5630) MOTION OF BODIES IN STRATIFIED FLUIDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. J.F. Keffer, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) The initial wake formation and asymptotic

turbulent wake are being examined for various

shaped bodies. A heated wind tunnel is being

used to obtain stratification.

(f) Completed; thesis and publications in

preparation.

(h) "Research in Stratified Flows," J.F. Keffer,

Univ. of Toronto, Mech. Engrg., Tech.

Publication Series, TP 6605, Sept. I966.

(5631) INVESTIGATION OF PERIODICITY IN TURBULENT

WAKES.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. J.F. Keffer, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research.

(e) With hot-wire anemometer and flow visualization techniques, characteristics of a turbulent wake are examined. The wake has been

strained laterally to amplify turbulent

motions

.

(g) Results indicate that the large eddy motions

have a definite periodicity, not directly

related to von Karman frequency. Indications

are that large motions are initiated by interaction of von Karman street with lateral

periodic motions. A more detailed investigation of conditions during the breakdown

into turbulence is under way.

(h) "The Uniform Distortion of a Turbtilent Wake,"

J.F. Keffer, Jour. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 22, Pt. 1, 1965, pp. 135-139.

"A Note on the Expansion of Turbulent Wakes,"

J.F. Keffer, Joxxc. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 28, Pt. 1, 1967, pp. 183-193.

(6001) TRANSITIONS FROM PRESSURE TO FREE- SURFACE

FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheiisser , Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) Fluid separation from ceiling of closed two- dimensional conduit has been studied. Motion

was laminar and steady.

(f) Completed.

(g) Characteristics of laminar sheet flow in the

entrance zone to free-surface flow have been

evaluated both theoretically and experimentally.

(h) "The Transition of Laminar Flow from ClosedConduit to Free-Surface Conditions in a Two- Dimensional Channel," R.N. Ingle, Ph.D.

thesis, Univ. of Toronto, 1967.

(6002) EFFECTS OF SKIN FRICTION ON PERFORMAUCE OF

HYDRAULIC JUMP.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheusser, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis.

(e) Effects of floor roughness on stationary

hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels is

being studied.

(f) Continued.

(g) Most significant effect of boundary roughness on jump performance has been traced to changes in the upstream velocity profile.

(h) "The Influence of Bed Roughness on the

Hydraulic Jump in a Horizontal Rectangular

Channel, " E.J. Schiller, M.A.Sc. thesis,

Univ. of Toronto, I966.

(6003) SMOKE DIFFUSION FROM STACKS.

(b) Contract research.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheusser, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; applied research for design

purposes.

(e) Wind-tunnel study of stack discharge as affected by surrounding buildings.

(g) Studies have proved effective means for

determining chimney heights to prevent

aerodynamic downwash of stack effluents.

(600k) JET SHEETS WITH LATERAL PRESSURE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.D. Baines, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis

.

(e) Measurements are made of the shape, velocity

and pressure distribution of a two-dimensional jet sheet across which a pressure

difference exists. Comparisons are made with

elementary theory.

(f) Completed.

(g) For low pressures the jet shape obeys the

one-dimensional momentum eqmtion and the

velocity distribution is not affected. The
shape is strongly affected by downstream

obstacles.

(h) "The Influence of Static-Pressure Differences

on the Two-Dimensional Turbulent Jet^ " F.T. DeAbreu, M.A.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Toronto,

1966.

(6005) STRATIFIED FLOW THROUGH CURVED SCREENS.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

Laboratory project.

Prof. W.D, Baines, Univ. of Toronto.

Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

Uniform flow with a small lateral temperature

gradient passes through a screen of arbitrary

shape. Downstream velocity and temperature

profiles are being studied.

Completed.

Theory has been developed which indicates

shape required to produce linear velocity

distribution. Preliminary tests confirm

theory.

"The Flow of Stratified and Homogeneous Fluids

Through Curved Screens," Y.L. Lau, Univ. of

Toronto, Mech, Engrg. Tech. Publication

Series, TP 660h, Sept. I966.

(h) "Certainty of Stream-Flow Control within a Limited Period of Time," Vit Klemes, Proc

.

Intl. Assoc. Scientific Hydrology, Garda

Symp., Vol. 2, No. 71, Oct. I966, pp. 7II-719.

"Reliability of Water Supply Performed by

Means of a Storage Reservoir within a Limited

Period of Time," Vit Klemes, Jour, of

Hydrology, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 1967, pp. 70-

92.

"Reliability Estimates for a Storage Reser- voir with Seasonal Input," Vit Klemes, Intl.

Hydrology Symp., Fort Collins, Colo., Sept.

1967.

"The Effect Upon Reservoir Performance Due to the Form of Distribution Model Fitted to the Mean Annual Flows," Vit Klemes and L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto, Mech. Engrg. Tech.

Publication Series, TP 6703, Sept. 1967.

"Basic Methods for Streamflow Regulation,

Vit Klemes, Univ. of Toronto, Mech. Engrg.

Teeh. Publication Series, TP 67014- , Sept. I967.

"The Relationship between Effective Precipitation and Runoff as Expressed in the

Distribution Parameters," E.G. Frind, M.A.Sc.

thesis, Univ. of Toronto, I967.

(6006)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

REYWOLDS STRESS IN TURBULENT STRATIFIED FLOW. (6OIO) LEAST-SQUARES FITTING OF RIVER RATING-CURVES.

(g)

Laboratory project.

Prof. W.D. Baines, Univ. of Toronto.

Experimental; applied research for doctoral

thesis.

Measurements are being made of spread of

temperature and velocity discontinuities in

otherwise uniform flow of a temperaturestratified fluid, as well as of Reynolds

stress and turbulent heat transfer.

Completed.

"The Velocity-Temperature Mixing Layer,"

W.E. Watt, Univ. of Toronto, Mech. Engrg.

Tech. Publication Series, TP 6705, Sept. I967.

(6007) FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION OF CAliTTILEVER BEAMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.D. Baines, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; applied re- search for doctoral thesis.

(e) Cantilevered vertical cylinders are mounted

on elastic bases in an air stream. Reaction

to the von Karman vortex trail produces a vibration which Interacts with the trail.

Fluid force produced on such an elastic body

is being studied.

(6008) PUMP AND PIPE SYSTEM TRANSIENTS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Analytical; applied research.

(e) Computer solutions of equations for various

combinations of pump and pipe characteristics.

(g) Results to date Indicate a significant effect

caused by shape of characteristic curves.

(h) "Effect on Flow Establishment of Shape of

Pump and System Characteristics," L.E. Jones

and K.B. Elgohary, A.S .M.E .-E .1 .C . Fluids

Engrg. Conf., Denver, April I966.

(6009) MATHEMATICAL STUDIES IN HYDROLOGY.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Analytical; applied research.

(e) Various methods of analysis are under study:

deterministic and probabilistic methods,

stochastic processes, synthetic flow series,

regulation procedures over short and long

time periods, etc.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Analytical; applied research.

(e) Proper attention to statistical weighting

requires involved computing techniques.

Smtable simple alternatives have been

developed which have a wide applicability.

(h) Report in progress.

(6802) FLOW- INDUCED VIBRATION OF CANTILEVER BEAMS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.D. Baines, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) The interaction between a uniform flow field

and a spring-mounted cantilevered cylinder

is being studied.

(f) Hearing completion.

(g) Detailed measurements of the cylinder amplitude,

frequency, etc . , have been made for a range

of cylinder aspect ratios, tip shapes, spring

stiffness and damping ratios. Resiilts show

a characteristic jump in the amplitude

response and a "lock in" of the cylinder and

wake frequencies.

(h) Report in preparation.

(6803) CONVECTION IK A UNIFORM WATER LAYER BENEATH AN

ICE SHEET.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.D. Baines, Ur v. of Toront'

(d) Experimental and theoretical; has. research

for doctoral thesis.

It is attempted to conduct laboratory

experiments on the conduction of heat between

and ice layer and a parallel solid boundary

through an intermediate layer of water and to produce an analysis of the situation.

Nearing completion.

Measurements of the temperature profiles

throughout the water layer have been made and

are compared with the results of a two- dimensional numerical analysis. The results

are in good agreement,

(h) Report in preparation.

{6Q0k) STUDIES OF SEPARATED FLOW WITH RESPECT TO BLUFF BODIES.

(e)

if)

(g)

267
(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. W.D. Baines, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Analytical; basic research for master's

thesis.

(e) The free convection across a two-dimensional

square cavity is investigated by numerical

solution of the Navier-Stol'es equations. A

preliminary study involved a steady vortex

generated in a slot by a surface moving over the open top of the slot.

(f) "Numerical Solutions for an Isolated Vortex

in a Slot and Free Convection across a Square

Cavity," J.T. Han, M.A.Sc. thesis, Univ. of

Toronto, 196?

.

(6805) FREE CONVECTION IN A VERTICAL CHANNEL.

(b) Laboratory project,

(c) Prof. I.G. Currie, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis

.

(e) Temperature and velocity measiarements are being made in a vertical two-dimensional

channel having heated walls. It is intended

to establish profiles in the accelerating

region of the flow.

(6806) ANALYSIS OF UNIFORM- SECTION HEADERS.

(b) Laboratory porject.

(c) Prof. I.G. Ctirrie, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Theoretical; applied research.

(e) Analytical studies of the pressure-versusflow rate characteristics of headers having

uniform cross-sections are made with a view

to predicting their performance.

(f) Almost completed.

(g) Closed- form analytic solutions have been

obtained for predicting the head versus flow

rate of uniform headers in which the flow may

be in either direction.

(h) Report in progress.

(6807) CONVECTION PATTERNS IN LIQUIDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. I.G. Currie, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis.

(e) Measurements of temperature and velocity

profiles across convecting liquid layers

are being made with a view to obtaining a better understanding of the structure of the

flow.

(h) "The Stability of a Horizontal Fluid Layer

whose Lower Surface Temperature is Time

Dependent," I.G. Currie, Proc . First Can. Congress of Appl. Mechs., Vol. 2, May I967,

p. 56. "The Effect of Heating Rate on the Stability

of Stationary Fluids," I.G. Currie, Joixr. Fliiid Mech., Vol. 29, Pt. 2, I967, pp. 337-

3^7.

(6808) WAKE OSCILLATIONS ON A VIBRATING CYLINDER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. I.G. Currie, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research for master's

thesis.

(e) Tests are being performed with a cantilivered

circular cylinder which is vibrating in a uniform flow field. Measurements of the

separation point locations are being made and

compared with the cylinder motion.

(6809) FLOW AROUND A SUBMERGED POROUS PLATE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. D.F. James, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic

research for doctoral thesis.

(e) The flow aro\md and through a screen partially occupying a two-dimensional

channel is being studied.

(6810) QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF HYDROGEN-BUBBLE

FLOW VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; applied research.

(e) Quantitative assessment of method for use in

determining velocity distribution data.

(g) Discussion of "An Evalmtion of the Hydrogen

Bubble Technique for the Quantitative

Determination of Fliiid Velocities within

Clear Tubes," W. Davis and R.W. Fox (L.E.

Jones and R.N. Ingle), Trans. ASME, Jour.

Basic Engrg., Dec. I967, p. 778. Other

report in preparation.

(6811) ENERGY LOSSES IN TWO-PHASE FLOW.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. L.E. Jones, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical for doctoral

thesis

.

(e) Concerns flow of flashing fluid in horizontal

circular pipe, to gain insight into development of two-phase single- component flow by

studying pressure gradients, local void

fractions and phase-velocities. Hot-film

anemometer and high-speed photography to be

used.

(f) Experimental equipment under design.

(6812) WALL JET FLOWS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. J.F. Keffer, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for master's thesis.

(e) Mean flow and wall shear characteristics for a jet discharging parallel to a wall are being investigated. In particular the

effect of a step-wise suction is being

considered.

(6813) GRID-PRODUCED TURBULENCE.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. J.F. Keffer, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for doctoral thesis.

(e) The early decay period for the turbulent

flow generated by a grid of parallel cylinders

is being investigated. The mechanism by

which the flow changes from non-homogeneous

to a homogeneous structure is under study.

(681U) POLLUTION FROM CHIMNEY STACKS.

(b) Contract research.

(c) Prof. J.F. Keffer, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; applied research for design

purposes

.

(e) Wind tunnel studies of stack discharge as affected by complex array of surrounding

buildings. Model measures 18 feet in

diameter, with 1 inch = 20 feet.

(f) Completed.

(6815) DISCHARGE OF JETS INTO CROSS-WINDS.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. J.F. Keffer, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental and theoretical; basic research

for master's thesis.

(e) A mathematical model has been devised to predict the trajectory of a jet discharging

268
at various angles into a uniform stream.

(f) Completed; thesis and publications in preparation.

(h) "Profiles of the Round Turbulent Jet in a Cross Flow," B.D. Pratte and W.D. Baines, Proc. ASCE, Jour. Hydraulics Div. , Vol. 93, No. HY6, Nov. 1967, pp. 53-6k.

"An Entraininent Theory for Deflected Jets,"

J.L. Flatten, M.A.Sc. thesis, Univ. of

Toronto, 1967.

(6816) WIND TUNNEL MODELING.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheusser, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Development of boundary- layer-type velocity

fields of significant size in wind tunnel to facilitate aerodynamic investigations of

buildings and stack-gas discharge under

realistic conditions.

(g) Tests of smoke dispersion in non-uniform

fields indicated effect of degree of boundarylayer immersion on plume behaviour.

(6817) TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS IN WATER.

(b) Laboratory project.

(c) Prof. H.J. Leutheusser, Univ. of Toronto.

(d) Experimental; basic research.

(e) Application of hot-film anemometer to evaluation of turbulent q.\jantities in openchannel flow phenomena.

WESTERN CANADA HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES LTD. , II86

Pipeline Road, Port Coquitlam, B.C., Canada

Address inquiries on all projects to Mr. J.W. Ball,

Director, Western Canada Hydraulic Laboratories

Ltd., at above address.

{6k29) MODEL STUDY OF PONTOON-TYPE FLOATING BREAKWATER.

(b) Swan Wooster Engineering Company Ltd,

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) The models were constructed of sheet plastic

to a scale of l:75j each representing a basic

unit 20 feet by 120 feet and designed to permit coupling to form a maximum size of

breakwater 60 feet by 36O feet. Each section

formed a rectangular box, with a raised bulwark along one face, decked over and divided

into compartments. Ballast was added to achieve drafts according to test requirements.

Models were subjected to a single chosen

design wave and their wave attenuating

effectiveness was recorded electronically.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

(61^30) MODEL SITOY OF FLOATING BREAKWATER PROTECTIONHORNBY ISLAND.

(b) British Columbia Dept. of Highways.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) A l:i4-8- scale compartmented breakwater was tested both as an individual form of wave protection and in conjunction with a rockmound breakwater as protection for a ferry

ramp. Individual units were joined to represent breakwaters of various sizes, from

30 feet by 60 feet to 30 feet by 180 feet and

subjected to waves of varying characteristics.

Comparison tests were made with previously

tested floating breakwaters.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

(6431) MODEL STUDY OF CAISSON-TYPE FLOATING

BREAKWATER.

(b) Dept. of Public Works, Canada.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) The basic unit, to a scale of l:2h, represented breakwaters 6 feet wide by 50 feet long

which were coupled to form mits 18 feet,

2k feet and 30 feet wide. Wave attenuation

to leeward effect was measured electronically

as were forces on the anchor chains.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

(61)- 32) MODEL STUDY OF A-FRAME FLOATING BREAKWATER.

(b) Dept. of Public Works, Canada.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) l;23.^-scale models of an A-frame-braced,

floating wall breakwater were tested,

representing units 15 feet, 25 feet and 35 feet wide by 50 feet long. Wave attenuation

to leeward and forces on the anchor chains were measured electronically.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

(6i4-33) MODEL STUDY OF BREAKWATER PROTECTION FOR

DOCKING FACILITIES.

(b) Swan Wooster Engineering Co. Ltd.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) Tests were carried out on a l:20-scale model

of a docking area with a proposed rock breakwater in place. Studies were made of the

effect of storm waves on the harbour for

various tidal conditions; also with the

added effect of a river discharge entering

the docking basin during adverse conditions

of tide and waves. Wave attenuation in the

docking area was investigated for the most

prevalent wind directions and the breakwater

location adjusted to give optimum results.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

(61i3lt) MODEL STUDIES OF MICA DAM DIVERSION WORKS,

RIVER CLOSURE AND LOW-LEVEL OUTLET FLOW.

(b) Caseco Consultants Ltd. for British Columbia

Hydro and Power Authority.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) The l:80-scale erodible-bed model represented

1.5 miles of the upper Columbia River at the

site of the 65O- foot-high earthfill dam,

75 miles north of Revelstoke, B.C. Purpose

of the studies was (l) to investigate the

hydraulic characteristics of the two i4-5-foot diameter diversion tunnels and related

structures, up to the design flow of 150,000

cfs., (2) to investigate proposed methods

of river closure and flow diversion and (3) to examine flow conditions for low- level

outlet discharges through a diversion tunnel

exit structure.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

(61^35) MODEL STUDIES OF MICA DAM LOW- LEVEL OUTLET

AND DIVERSION FLOWS.

(b) Caseco Consultants Ltd. for British Columbia

Hydro and Power Authority.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) Tests were continued on the existing 1:80-

scale model to (l) check the performance of

redesigned diversion tunnel exit structures.

269
(2) develop a stilling basin or flip bucket

for low- level outlet flows up to 30,000 cfs

using a diversion tunnel exit structure, (3)

determine whether the design of exit

structure would perform satisfactorily for

both outlet and diversion flows, (k) check

design of rock-cut approach and exit channels

to diversion tunnels and (5) check performance

and losses for tunnel plug serrations,

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

(6^^36) model studies of mica dam - APPROACH CHANNEL,

SPILLWAY, SPILLWAY CHUTE AND FLIP BUCKET,

AND HIGH-LEVEL OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Caseco Consultants Ltd. for British Columbia

Hydro and Power Authority.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) The existing 1:80 model of Mica Dam was enlarged to include the spillway with its

appurtenances and the high-level outlet

works . Development of the rock-cut spillway

approach channel, with consideration given

to the economics of excavation, as well as to the most efficient hydraulic performance,

was followed by refinement of the spillway

design. Particular attention was paid to the

effect of pier nose and tail design on depth

of crest flow near the trunnion axis and flow

conditions in the spillway chute. The flip

bucket, located above the diversion tunnel

exit structures, was required to accomodate

flows up to 175 J 000 cfs and to direct the

flow so as to avoid concentration of the jet on the rock-cut exit channels, or on the river

bed in such a way that a high-velocity return

eddy would attack the downstream toe of

the dam or carry bed material into the powerhouse exits to be located on the opposite

side of the river. The study of the highlevel outlet works, a twin-gate imit,

required development of an approach channel,

trash grill and a 700-foot inclined tunnel,

which dropped hOO feet to its outlet in a diversion tunnel. Special attention was given to vortex action at the entrance and

aeration of the tunnel flow.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

(6!+ 37) MODEL STUDIES OF MICA DAM - EXPANSION CHAMBER

ENERGY DISSIPATOR FOR LOW- LEVEL OUTLET WORKS.

(b) Caseco Consultants Ltd. for British Columbia

Hydro and Power Authority.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) The low- level outlet works at Mica Dam are contained in one of the two diversion

tunnels and will require a capacity of 30,000

cfs at ij-JO-foot head. Since outlets of

conventional design would impose velocities

of up to 170 fps on the flow downstream of

the regulating gates, with serious possibility

of cavitation erosion of the concrete tunnel

lining, consideration was therefore given

to ways of reducing the head on the control

gates. Of these, the principle of suddenenlargement energy dissipation was the most

promising

.

A 1:56.6 model of the upstream tunnel plug,

three gate-controlled passages, and the

downstream sudden enlargement was constructed

of transparent plastic and tested at greater

than scaled heads in the laboratory and later

at almost full prototype head in a special

high head connection. Pressure cells were

located along the enlargement wall and

recordings made to determine the existence

of pressure surges and high frequency

fluctuations. To establish the validity of

using a cavitation number as the criterion

for testing, preliminary tests were conducted

by adjusting upstream and downstream pressure

relationships to produce incipient, moderate

and severe cavitation, thus demonstrating

that the cavitation number K was dependent

on the pressure relationship rather than

actual pressure values. Model designs tested

consisted of three main types; a single

circular conduit, concentric with the expansion

chamber; 3 conduits in trifoil formation and

a three-in-line circxilar conduit pattern.

Variants of the above were also tested.

Tests were also conducted on concrete-lined

enlargements with conditions of Incipient,

moderate and severe cavitation to determine

erosion effects.

(f) Completed.

(g) A final satisfactory design was evolved and

conclusions were that (l) the sudden-enlargement is an effective means of dissipating

the energy of an appreciable part of the

'(-SO-foot head at Mica Dam (2) the performance

of such dissipators is dependent on the

geometry of the sudden-enlargement but can

be evaluated by model studies using the

cavitation number as a criterion (3) rapid

pressure fluctuations will occur in the

expansion chamber, but there will be no significant pressure surges (k) rapid pressure

fluctuations at frequencies up to 25O cfs

and magnitudes of more than 110 feet of

water will not damage concrete of normal

strength.

(h) Report issued to client and published as "Sudden-Enlargement Energy Dissipator for

Mica Dam," S.O. Russel and J.W. Ball, Jour. Hydraulics Div., Proc . ASCE, July I967.

(614-38) PORTAGE MOUNTAIN DAM POWER PLANT INTAKES.

(b) International Power and Engineering

Consultants Ltd.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) This l:70-scale model, represented the approach

channel and power plant intakes of the 600-

foot high dam at present \mder construction

on the Peace River in northern B.C. Purposes

of the study were: (l) to determine the

excavation limits for the approach channel

to the low- level power intakes to give mini- mum rock excavation with minimum head loss

(2) to establish limits of overburden

excavation for satisfactory approach conditions

to the high-level outlets and (3) to evaluate

the performance of the power plant for

various reservoir elevations.

(f) Completed.

(g) Report issued to clients.

(6U39) PORTAGE MOUNTAIN DAM SPILLWAY.

(b) International Power and Engineering Consialtants Ltd.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) Tests were performed on a l:72-scale model

which represented part of the reservoir,

approach channel, spillway and components,

the transition from crest to the channel

and approximately I5OO feet of the trapezoidal

channel. Tests were conducted to (l)

establish the most economical size and alignment of the spillway approach channel to

270
to provide satisfactory flow at the control

structijre (2) to evaluate flow conditions in,

pressure distribution on, and capacity of,

the gate-controlled crest section (3) to assure that alignment of the walls of the

transition from the spillway to the downstream

channel would minimize shock waves and

establish near-ioniform flow, giving minimum

wall height and satisfactory flow to the

flip bucket chute.

(6M^0) MODEL STUDY OF DUUCAH DAM.

(b) Montreal Engineering for British Columbia

Hydro and Power Authority.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) Duncan Dam forms part of the development of

the Columbia River Basin. The outlet works

model to a scale of l:k2f inclx:ided part of

the reservoir, the approach channel, one outlet tunnel with gate structures, flip

bucket and a short portion of river bed

down stream. Tests were conducted to develop

the required hydraulic performance of the

outlet works with particiolar attention to effect of trash racks on vortex action,

elimination of objectionable flow circulation

in the emergency gate shaft at high flows

and gate shaft air venting.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

{6khl) OPERATION TESTS OF PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE

STATION.

(b) Vancouver City, B.C., Canada.

(d) Field investigation for operation.

(e) Operation tests were conducted on a valve

station comprising 2.5-inch, 6-inch and

10-inch pressure regulating valves to evaluate the individual and combined valve

operating characteristics, control accuracy

and station response to changing upstream

conditions

.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

{6kk2) MODEL STUDY OF SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN DAM TAIL- RACE CHANNEL.

(b) Saskatchewan Power Corporation.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) A l:100-scale model representing spillway

and outlet stilling basins, tailrace con- dmts, flow channels for these struct-ures,

downstream toe of the dam, and approximately

6000 feet of river channel. Tests were conducted to investigate flow conditions, scour action and bed material movement in

the tailrace area for various power plant,

outlet, spillway and diversion discharges.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

(641+3) MODEL STUDY OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITION.

(b) Dept. of Public Works, Canada.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) A method of reducing the heavy shoaling which

interfered with operations in a log-booniing area in a side channel of the Fraser River

was studied in a l:150-scale erodible-bed

model. The model was subjected to flows

representing discharges up to 350,000 cfs

and the deposition pattern of the finer bed

material was duplicated using Gllsonite,

which was introduced as bed load.

(f) Completed,

(h) Report submitted to client.

{6kkk) MODEL STUDY OF SEWER INTERCEPTORS.

(b) Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage

District.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) 1:15. 3- scale models of two sewer interceptor

units were constructed of clear plastic to study proposed alterations to existing

structures. Studies were made of gates,

drop pipe and interceptor connections with a view to improving flow conditions for auto- matic control

(f) Completed.

(h) Report submitted to client.

(6i+45) MODEL STUDY OF OVERFLOW SPILLWAY OF KETTLE

DAM.

(b) Crippen Acres Limited for Manitoba Hydro.

(d) Experimental for design and operation.

(e) Two models were constructed for studies of

Kettle Dam on the Nelson River in northern

Manitoba. The l;96-scale comprehensive model

represented part of the reservoir, the

spillway, powerhouse, dam abutments and a section of the downstream river channel. A

1:48 sectional model represented a section

of the spillway crest, two of the eight

gates and a section of downstream river

channel. Purpose of the study was to develop an efficient economical spillway design that

would perform well under all conditions,

particularly during the severe winter freezeup and spring break-up of ice on the Nelson

River and reservoir . Items of particular

concern included the cofferdam in the

spillway approach channelj gate design and

operation; pier, spillway crest and flip

bucket design; the retaining walls downstream of the spillway and erosion conditions

in the downstream river channel.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

{6kk6) MODEL STUDY OF NEW DON PEDRO DAM.

(b) Bechtel Corporation.

(d) Experimental for design.

(e) The 1:42.5 comprehensive model of the 5?0-foot

high New Don Pedro Dam on the Tuolumne River

in California represented the tunnel outlet

works with its three sudden- enlargement en- ergy dissipators and its slide gates located

in the diversion timnel, the diversion

tunnel from outlet control structure to exit portal, the trimmer valve at the powerhouse, powerhouse draft tubes and a 1150-

foot section of downstream river channel.

A separate 1:42.5 model of an individual

sudden enlargement was identical to the

corresponding part of the comprehensive

model. This model was placed in the supply

system where heads up to I50 feet were

available. Purposes of the model were (l) to determine cavitation characteristics,

flow conditions and transient pressure con- ditions for the sudden enlargement (2)

examine conditions of flow at the outlet

works gate in the tunnel bend in the river

at the outlet works (3) to determine the

ejector action on the tailrace water surface

due to operation of the outlet works, trimmer

valve and power plant.

(f) Completed.

(h) Report issued to client.

271
UNIVERSITY OF WIMDSOR, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

(61+55) EFFECTS OF AN INITIAL GAP ON THE FLOW IN A

WALL JET.

(b) Defence Research Board of Canada; and

National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. K. Sridhar, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Mech.

Engrg., Univ. of Windsor.

(d) Experimental; basic research for M.A.Sc.

(e) Aim is to study the effects of an initial gap

on the turbulent jet flow over plane and

curved walls. A gap is introduced between the

nozzle lip and the leading edge of the wall.

The jet flow over the wall is probed.

(g) Region close to the leading edge of the wall

could be described as a settling region where

the type of flow changes from a free jet to

a wall jet. In the case of curved vaU jets

there is an hysteresis phenomenon associated

with Initial gap and the angular position

of the jet separation decreased with In In- crease of the gap size.

(h) "Effects of an Initial Gap on the Flow in a

Tiirbulent Wall Jet," K. Sridhar and P.K.C. Tu, Jour. Royal Aeronautical Soc, Vol. 70, No. 666, pp. 669-673, June I966.

"Effects of an Initial Gap on the Turbulent

Jet Flow over a Curved Wall," S.C. Paranjpe

and K. Sridhar, Jour. Royal Aeronautical

Soc. (accepted for publication).

The following M.A.Sc. theses have been submitted to

the Dept. of Mechanical Engrg., Univ. of Windsor:

"An Experimental Investigation of the Flow In

a Plane Wall Jet with an Initial Gap," P.K.C.

Tu, 1965.

"An Experimental Investigation of the Effects

of an Initial Gap on the Jet Flow over a Curved Wall," S.C. Paranjpe, I966.

"An Experimental Investigation of the Hysteresis Phenomenon and Effects of Gap on Curved

Wall Jet Separation," P.K. Arora, I967.

(61+56) EFFECTS OF CURVATURE ON JET ENTRAINMENT AND

HEAT TRANSFER.

(b) National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. K. Sridhar; see (61+55) above.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic research for

M.A.Sc. and Ph.D.

(e) Aim Is to Investigate the effects of the wall

curvature on the jet entralnment and heat

transfer. The jet flow over walls of different

radius and at different temperature is probed

to get the velocity and temperature profiles.

Correlations will be obtained.

(61+57) JET FLOW OVER A MOVING WALL.

(b) National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. K. Sridhar; see (61+55) above.

(d) Experimental; basic research for M.A.Sc.

(e) Object Is to study the effects of rotating

a cylinder on the flow of a jet over it,

especially the effects on the velocity profile, jet growth and angular position of

separation.

(61+58) FLOW IN AN ANNULUS.

(b) National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. K. Sridhar; see (61+55) above.

(d) Experimental, theoretical; basic research

for M.A.Sc.

(e) Aim is to investigate the flow In the

settling length and the fully developed flow

in smooth concentric annuli of different

diameter ratios. The range of Reynolds

number is from 10,000 to 50,000.

(61+59) BOILING HEAT TRANSFER FROM A ROTATING

CYLINDER.

(b) National Research Council of Canada.

(c) Dr. T.W. McDonald, Dept. of Mechanical Engrg.,

Univ. of Windsor.

(d) Experimental; applied research for doctoral

thesis

.

(e) The purpose is to Investigate the effect of

rotative speed of the cylindrical heater

element on the boiling heat transfer

coefficient. If the increase in the co- efficient is significant, then heat exchangers having rotating elements may be feasible

in cases where weight or size are important

factors. A previous worker on this project

used water as the fluid while the present

worker is using "Freon". High speed

photography is being used to study the bubble

formation.

(g) Abstract: A cylindrical horizontal heating

element was rotated about its axis at speeds

of O-8OO rpm, A maximum increase in the

rate of heat transfer of approximately 100^

was found to occur at a rotational Reynolds

number of ll+,500. For rotational Reynolds

nianbers greater than this value, the rate of

heat transfer was decreased to values less

than those occurring at very low speeds of

rotation.

(h) "Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer from a Rotating Horizontal Cylinder to Saturated

Water," Todd McLean, Master's Thesis, Univ.

of Windsor Library.

272
Subject Index

- A - Page

ABSORPTION

Convective flow accompanying absorption of

soluble gas into a quiescent liquid (6832) ^4-8 ACOUSTICS

Research activity at Naval Undersea Warfare

Center (6372) - 2k2

Sound waves used to determine porous-medium

permeability (^+736) Ih-Q See also AERODYNAMIC NOISE

See also HYDRODYUAMIC NOISE

ACOUSTIC EXCITATION

Flat plates in turbulent flow (5189) 123

ACOUSTIC FLOW METER

See HYDRAULIC MEAS., FLOW METERS

ACOUSTIC RADIATION

During mixing of liquid and gas jets (6558) 96 From shells of arbitrary shape (6557) 96 From spherical shell to sea water (629O) I3I

From turbulent boundary layer on rigid plane

surface (6265)--- 123

ACOUSTIC VELOCITY

In upper ocean layers {6h6'5) 2^4-3 Measurements in steam (5286) 2h-0 Transmission, reflection and scattering of

sound waves by discrete scatterers (l^^Q) 6

ADDED MASS

See VIRTUAL MASS

AERATION

Efficiency of spray aeration (5373) 76

Oxygen transfer to water drops (6698) 38 See also OXYGEN, DISSOLVED

AERATION, RIVER

See REAERATION

AERODYMMIC NOISE

Turbulent boundary- layer pressure-fluctuation

study (65*4-5) 15*+ AEROSOLS

Diffusion of liquid aerosols in air jet (6202)- 102

Impaction coefficient on circular cylinder

(6202) - - 102

Measurement by hot-wire anemometry (6202) 102

AIR BUBBLES

See BUBBLES

AIR DEMAND

Jet flow gate tests, Trinity Dam (kg'^Q) 220

Model-prototype scaling for air demands in

partly full water conduits (5339) - 221

Prototype measurements, tandem gate, Navajo

Dam (i+960) 220

AIR ENTRAIWMENT

During impact of free jet into pool of similar

fluid (6750) 112

Effect on open-channel flow resistance (6288)-- 82 In check towers, Canadian River aqueduct

(1+792) — 219

Mechanism of entrainment in vertical building

drains ihOk-3) - - 256

Surface characteristics of air entrained flow

in steep channels i3S>2h) IO8

AIRFOILS

Two airfoils passing in opposite directions

(65U7) — 30

See also LIFTING SURFACE THEORY

See also WINGS

AIR-SEA INTERACTION

Atmospheric boundary layer turbulence measured

(3120)

Atmospheric effects on variation in surfacemixed layer (6'4-7^) Mechanism of energy transfer between wind and

waves {5^5^)

Page

AIR-SEA INTERACTION (continued)

Study of dynamics of interaction as part of

weather-modification problem (6788) 1014- Turbulent heat exchange (6086) 62

Wind field near disturbed water surface (6389)- 239

Wind stress and surface roughness (66kk-) kl

See also AIR-SEA INTERFACE

See also AIR-WATER INTERFACE

See also WAVES, WIND

AIR-SEA INTERFACE

Research on various ocean upper-layer

phenomena (66*4-'4-) '^l See also AIR-SEA INTERACTION

See also AIR-WATER INTERFACE

AIR VENT

Air flow after emergency intake-gate closure

(6320) 225

AIR-WATER INTERFACE

Evaporation, see EVAPORJlTION

Mass and energy transport due to evaportion

and spray (6225) II6

Optical investigation of density gradients

near interface (6l33) 233

Turbulence within a few inches of a pond

surface (6595) 238

See also AIR-SEA INTERFACE

See also AIR-SEA INTERACTION

ALGAE

Effect on pipe wall roughness (5827) 80

ALLUVIAL CHAHNELS

Bed Forms, see BED FORMS

Flow resistance (5165) 21

Friction factors for sand bed channel (6617) 58

Identification and evaluation of dependency

characteristics of flow and sediment measures (5607) 228

Meanders, see RIVER CHAEKELS

Regime theory; text collating field and lab

research (663O) 25I

Roughness and sediment transport in natural

and artificial channels (2950) 227

Silty-water effect on infiltration (53*1-9) 2 Temperature effect on bed forms (1988) 189

See also BED FORMS

See also RIVER CHAMELS

AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLES

Docking characteristics of LARC V (5931) 119

Floating truck investigation (5933) 120

Flume tests on LVTP-5 (6369) 28

Gain in speed by coupling vehicles (5312) 119

Motion and stability in waves and surf (6608)-- 75 Propulsion in water by spinning wheels (531'+)-- 119

Propulsion in water by track motion (5313) 119

Swimming performance of marginal-terrain

vehicle (593*4-) - 120

ANEMOMETERS

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

ANNULAR CONDUITS

See PIPE FLOW, ANNULAR

ANTARCTIC OCEAN

Rotating model for circulation study (6085) 62

AQUIFERS

Electric analog model, Miami Basin, Ohio

{6h6i^) 15 Feasibility of storing fresh water in saline

aquifers (5711) 66

Hydraulic study of a Missouri River aquifer

(027W) 61

Mathematical model of stream-aquifer system

(1+106)— 20

Recession hydrographs for unconfined, idealized

aquifers (5303) 28

273
AQUIFERS (continued) Page

Response of well-aq\iifer system to seismic waves (5839) 228

Salt water intrusion into layered strata in

coastal aquifers (60'l-6) 5 Salt water removal with tile drains and pump

wells ('+962) 220

Yield of a nonlinear elastic aquifer (571^) 88

See also GROUNDWATER

AQUIFERS, BASALT

Methods of estimating recharge (6l62) Ikk

Physical characteristics; stratigraphic

relations (6161) Ihh

ARTERIES

See BIO-MEDICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

ASH COLLECTOR

Gas duct flow pattern studied to provide good

distribution of ash and gas at inlet (6725)-- 2^7

(6726) (6727) (6728)- 21^8 ASTROPHYSICS

Geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics

(6786) (6787) — 10k

- B -

BACKWATER CURVES

See OPEN-CHAUNEL FLOW

BAFFLES, ANTI-SLOSH

See SLOSHING

BARRIER ISLANDS

Residence times of water in lagoons behind

islands (6756) 33

Role of passes in gulf-bay water exchange

Texas Gulf Coast (6183) I30

BEACHES

Criteria for construction of artificial

beaches (976) l82

Equilibrium profile of beaches and study of

model scale effect (18I) iBl

Re-examination of artifically nourished and

constructed beaches (2195) I83

Wave-absorbing characteristics (5635) 198

BEACH EROSION

See EROSION, BEACH

BEACH SAND

Inventory of offshore sand sources (^+763) 18*+ See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

BED FORMS

Observed forms of bed roughness in an unstable

gravel river (6820) 251

Water temperature effect on bed forms and

roughness (1988) I89 BED FORMS, DUNES

Dune and free surface effects on flow resist- ance (6523) 139

Duned bed mder oscillating flows (55'+5) 35 Prediction of friction factor for duned

beds (5118) 70

Relation of dune geometry to friction factor

(^075) — 6

BEDS, PACKED AND FLUIDIZED

Characteristics of bubbles in fluidized beds

(6707)- - - — kk

Dispersion in packed bed, using random-walk

model (5170) h3

Ebullient bed catalytic reactor (6671) 76

Transition to turbulence in packed bed of

spheres (6826) --- — k8

Viscous flow through sphere assemblages (6056)- 263

BELLOWS

Flow losses, vibrations in elastic pipes

bellows, bends (6065) Ilk BENARD CONVECTION

Development and breakdown of Taylor vortices

and Benard cells (6772) 105

BENARD CONVECTION (continued) Page

Nonlinear effects in cellular convection

(6830) - 1+8 With rapidly varying fluid properties (6596) 238

BENDS

See PIPE FLOW; OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

BINGHAM FLUIDS

See IfON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS

BIO-MEDICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

Analytical model of heat transfer in the

eye (6792) lOk

Arterial system for brain; model (klk^) 1+9 Artificial heart, hydraulic characteristics

(6080) - - 80

Blood flow; breakage of red cells due to shearing and negative pressure stresses

(6766) - 89

Blood flow; extra- corporeal systems for

oxygenating blood (6791) 10^+ Blood flow; hydrodynamic effect on filtration

theory of atherogenesis (66^7) kl

Blood flow in and near circulatory-assist

devices (65^1-) 35

Blood flow, laminar regime transitions (6138) — 19

Blood flow; models of flow and transport in

capillaries (6793) 104

Blood flow model losing line of spherical

particles in tube (6054) 25

Blood flow; Navier Stokes eqs. for pulsatile

flow (65*4-1)- 35 Blood flow optimization to an oxygenator

(6088) 87

Blood flow problems connected with dialysis

(6578) - - 255

Blood flow, steady and pulsatile in rigid and

distensible tubes (6138)- - - -- 19

Cerebral circulation, abnormality detection

via fl\iid impedance changes (SXk^) 50

Effect of branches on flow stability in brain

arteries {k359) k9

Heart flow noise (5^75) 88

Hydrodynamic hemolysis in extracorporeal

machines {'^kjk) 88

Intra-aortic balloon pump (6106) 7k

Model for Intraocular press\ire-deformation

relations (GjSk) 10k

Oxygen transfer to blood flowing in round tubes

(51+74) 88

Peristaltic-pumping research (6108) 75

Prosthetic heart valves; flow separation

(6579) 255

Pulsatile flow In distensible tubes (485?) 78

Simulation of red cell deformation in capillaries (6355) - 57

Wave reflection in branched flexll'vle condmts

(6l42) - 50

BLOOD FLOW

See BIO-MEDICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

BOUNDARY LAYER Calculation along ship hulls (5739) 25

Development of large boundary- layer type

velocity profiles In a wind tunnel, for

modeling (6816)- 269

BOUNDARY LAYER, CONTROL

Optimum suction slot form for laminar boundary

layer stability (5593) 95

See also DRAG REDUCTION

BOUNDARY LAYER, lAMINAR

Inlet length for two-dimensional channel

(6104) — 89 In water with variable properties (654?) 30 Mixing induced by turbulence promoters to improve heat transfer (6571) 90

On body of revolution; steady and unsteady

flow (6467)- 61

274
BOUNDARY LAYER, LAMINAR (continued) Page

On rotating circular arc blade (68OO) II7

Theory for axi-symmetric layers (6555) 96

Water boundary layer over heated plate

(65i+9) - 30

BOUNDARY LAYER, NON-NEWTONIAN

Laminar and turbulent layers in non-Newtonian

fluids and fluids with polymer additives

(5795)- - - — - - 110

See also DRAG REDUCTION, ADDITIVES

BOUNDARY LAYER, PERMEABLE WALL

Self-ejecting boundary layer flows (6273) 26

BOUNDARY LAYER, ROTATING DISK

Disk rotated in water and dilute polymer

solutions (6738) 111

BOUNDARY LAYER, SEPARATION

Free surface effects on vertical strut (2091)- 5l^ On ventilated hydrofoil rear free surface

(lj.700) 108

See also SEPARATED FLOW

BOUNDARY LAYER, SKEWED

Lateral flow reversal in skewed threedimensional layers (6l9^)

BOUNDARY LAYER, STABILITY

On bodies of revolution (6555) 96

Water boundary layer on heated surface (6'5k6)- 29

See also BOUNDARY LAYER, TRANSITION

BOUNDARY LAYER, SUBLAYER

Turbulence measurements in viscous sublayer

(5595) 95

Turbulence structure near wall studied with

electrochemical technique (68214-) kQ

BOUNDARY LAYER, THREE-DIMENSIONAL

Moment method to solve equation (6677) 77 On submersible bodies and propellers (6681) 77

BOUNDARY LAYER, TRANSITION

Effects of free-stream turbulence (6213) 67

Effects of acoustic waves (6213) 67

Flexible-wall effect (5196) i+5 Optimum suction slot form for laminar

boundary layer stability (5593) 95

Production of turbulence near smooth wall;

visual and quantitative study (6798) II6

BOUNDARY LAYER, TURBULENT

Acoustic radiation from rigid plane surface

(6265) — 123

At a normal step {k-Xk2) 1+5 Experimental investigation of flow structure

(6798) 116

Flow-acceleration effect (631+6) 233

General method of solution (655O) 30 General phenomenological theory for wall

turbulence (6IO3) 89

Growth and structiare on rough surfaces

(5939) 121

Lateral flow reversal in skewed three-dimensional layers (619'+) 11+3 Longitudinal curvature effects (6l39) 50

Polymer-additive effects on turbulence

and shear stress (6135) (6136) 231+ Pressure-fluctuation mechanism including

separated flow and flow over protuberances

(65^+5)- 15^

Scaling laws for wall pressure field in

subsonic and supersonic flows (6l2l) 233

Turbulence measurements in sublayer (5595) 95

Use of asymptotic matching techniques (6556)-- 96

Velocity-profile models compared with

published data (6193) 11+3 Wall-pressure fluctuations in dilute polymer

solutions (6735) 111

Wall-pressure fluctuations obtained on buoyantly propelled vehicles (6585) 21+1 Wall-pressure spectra in thick layers (6262)-- 123

BOUNDARY LAYER, TURBULENT (continued) Page

Wall shear stress measurements, survey

of devices and techniques (6196) II+3 BOUNDARY LAYER, UNSTEADY

On body of revolution; laminar (61+67) 61

BOUNDARY LAYER, VORTEX

Boundary layer beneath vortex (6616) 1+ Layer created by vortex over flat plate

(61+51) 18

BRANCHED CHANNELS

In spillway flow, model study (621+8) 261

BRANCHED PIPES

See PIPE FLOW

BREAKERS

See WAVES, BREAKING

BREAKWATERS

Erosion of foundation at junctions of

concrete-crib breakwaters (6238) 260

Force of breaking waves and clapotis (958) 187

Protection of Interstate Route 35 along

Lake Superior (67I+8) 112

Wave transmission through structures of

varying permeability (6760) 33 See also MODELS

BREAKWATERS, FLOATING

A-frame type; model study (61+32) 269

Caisson- type; model study (6I+3I) 269

Ferry-ramp protection, Hornby Island,

Canada (6I+3O) 269

Log breakwater investigation (6l55)

Pontoon- type; model study (61+29) 26?

Structures of various configurations {6h9k) 261+ Wave transmission through breakwaters

made of used tires and spheres (5^35) 198

BREAKWATERS, PNEUMATIC

For surface laimching of manned submersible

(6666) 76

BREAKWATERS, RUBBLE

Laboratory stability tests with breaking and

non-breaking waves (999) 1^8

Laboratory stability tests with non-breaking

waves (5837) 1-85 Scale-effect on stability tests (2681) --- I89

Stability, Noyo Harbor, Calif.; Model (6OI6)-- 202

Tetrapod and rubble-manned covering; flume

and analytical study (6229) 259

Stability; model tests for Burns Waterway

Harbor, Ind, (6863) 211+ Transmission and reflection of waves (5635) 198

Transmission of waves through rubble (581I+) 11 (563M- - - 198

BREAKWATERS, SUBMERGED

Structures of varioios configurations (6i+9'+) 261+ BRIDGE PIERS

Current pattern at bridge across Hillsboro

Inlet channel, Fla. (6761) 33 Dynamic ice loads on piers (6821) 251

Hydraulics of spur dikes (3086) 121+ (3086A) 63 See also SCOUR

BUBBLES

Characteristics of bubbles in fluidized beds

(6707)

Formed during mixing of liquid and gas jets

(6558) ^6

BUBBLES, CAVITATION

See CAVITATION

BUBBLES, GAS AND VAPOR

Acoustic properties in pressure field (5310)-- H"-* Air bubbles to prevent shoaling at wharf

(599^) 253

Asymmetric collapse in fluid streams (6ll+l+) 78

Effect of bubble suspensions on nozzle flow

(5195) —- 3^

275
BUBBLES, GAS AND VAPOR (continued) Page

Formation mechanism at submerged orifice

(6218) 102

Micro-bubble effect on flow noise (3h99) IO9

Wuclearation, growth and collapse in problem

of sodi\m superheat {Glkj) 79

BUILDING DRAINS

See DRAINAGE

BUILDING AERODYNA^CrCS

Development of large boundary layer type

velocity profiles in a wind tunnel (6816) 269

- 0 -

CABLES, TOWING

See SUBMERGED BODIES

CANALS

Capacities of large concrete canals on flat

slopes (062W) 227

Head loss in irregular channels made by

nuclear excavation (6873) 2l6

See also OPEN CHANNEL FLOW; SHIP CHANNELS

CANA.LS, EARTH

Colloidal materials for seepage control in

Nevada ponds and canals (3558) I63

Use of electrical logging to determine

seepage (6315) 225

Water movement from canal to groundwater

(032W) — 1+5 CANALS, SEA- LEVEL

Consideration of importance of density

currents (6872) 2l6

Tidal motion computation (Gklh) 72

CANALS, SURGES

see SURGES

CANAL SYSTEMS

Feedback gate control to keep constant

water level (6222) - 12 CAPILIARY FLOW

See PIPE FLOW, CAPILLARIES

CASCADES, SUPERCAVITATIWG

With constant pressure cambered blades {66kQ)- kl

CAUSEWAY

Stability against wave action, P.E.I.

Causeway, Canada (6230) 259

CAVITATION

Cavitation characteristics of a few simple

liquids (3807)

Cavitation characteristics of baffle piers,

gate slots and other hydraulic structure

components (993) l87

Cavity formation at obstruction in boundary

layer (G-Jkh-) . 111 In abrupt pipe expansion (79) 53

Of butterfly valves discharging into sudden

enlargements (5336) 221

Vapor cavities formed by sudden flow

stoppage in pipe (6215 ) 122

CAVITATION, BUBBLES

Asymmetric collapse in fluid streams (6l'+l+) 78

Change in size and trajectories of bubbles

passing a body (6653) lt-2 Non linear bubble oscillations (15^+8) 6

Nuclearation, growth, collapse in problem

of sodium superheat (Glk-'j) 79

See also CAVITATION, GAS NUCLEI

CAVITATION, DAMAGE

See CAVITATION, EROSION

CAVITATION, EROSION

Erosion-resistant coatings, development

(6i^28) 235

Evaluation of test devices (665I) 'j-2 Exposure-time effect (I'yhS) 6

Liquid drop impact on high-speed target in vacuum (5796) 110

CAVITATION, EROSION (continued) Page

Measurement on nickel, aluminum and

stainless steel (15^8) 6

Reduction of damage by forced sxu-face outgassing (6739) HI

Relation to mechanical properties of

metals (6651) k2

Relative resistances of metals, alloys (611+5)- 78

Resistance, of concrete patching materials

(993) - 187

Rock tunneling with high speed water jets

utilizing cavitation damage (6650) 1+2 Scaling laws for models (6651) 1+2 Surface sealants studied for damage

reduction (5U98) 109

Techniques for determining resistance of

stainless steels {6lk6) 79

CAVITATION, FUEL LIKE Suction line dynamics, Saturn V rocket

(61+26) 78

CAVITATION, GAS NUCLEI

Effect on cavitation severity near

inception (5792) 109

Surface-film effect on tensile strength

(6378) - - 35 CAVITATION, INCEPTION

At concrete surface irregularities (3278) 219

At surface misalignments in high-speed

flow (059W) 227

Effect of gas nuclei size on severity near inception (5792) 109

Influence of gas-nuclei trajectories (6653) 1+2 Influence of roughness of various

distributions (551+2) 71

Organic-filjn effect on tensile strength

(6378) — 35 Scaling eqi;iation for incipient cavitation

no. as fimctlon of Reynolds no. (61+92) 123

CAVITATION, NOISE

Spectral analysis, pump cavitation noise

(6380)— 35 CAVITATION, PIPE FLOW

Mechanics of pipe flow following column

separation (6215) 122

Wall shear under liquid column separation

(1+862) 78

CAVITATION, PUMPS

See Pumps

CAVITATION, SPILLWAYS

See SPILLWAYS

CAVITY FLOWS

Cavity formation at obstruction in boundary

layer (67I+I+) - HI

Numerical solutions of Navier-Stokes eauations

for separated flows due to cavitation

(6736) —- 111

Supercavitating cascades with constant

pressure cambered blades 1+1 See also FREE STREAMLINE THEORY

See also SUPERCAVITATING FLOWS

See also HYDROFOILS

CAVITY FLOWS, VENTILATED

Effects of free surface, gravity, struts and air supply (661+6) 1+1 See also HYDROFOILS

CHANNELS, DRAINAGE

See DRAINAGE

CHANNELS, EPHEMERAL

See EPHEMERAL STREAMS

CHANNELS, EROSION i^F See EROSION; see CHANNELS, STABILIZATION

CHANNELS, IMPROVEMENT OF

Channel improvement model study, Turtle

Creek, Pa. (I+383) 193

276
CHANNELS, IMPROVEMENT OF (continued) Page

James R., Va., channel improvement effect on hydraulic and salinity conditions in

estuary; model (565I) 200

Laboratory research on spiir and vane dikes

(601^2) 208

Sandusky River near Fremont, Ohio (56111) 199

CHAUNELS, lABORATORY

See FACILITIES

CHANNELS, RIVER

See RIVER CHAJINELS

CHAJINELS, SHIP

See SHIP CHANNELS

CHANNELS, SPAWNING

See FISH

CHANNELS, STABILIZATION OF

Armoring drainage channels with riprap

(671+1) - - Ill

Effect of floods on stabilization measures

(1+316) - 161

Erosion of cohesive soils, flume study (60I+7)- 5 Riprap stability in straight and curved

trapezoidal channels (6875) 2l6

With gravel (5165) 21

See also RIVER CHANNELS

CHANNELS, VARYING SECTION

Head loss in irregular channels from

nuclear excavation (6873) 2l6

Minimizing pressure losses in ducts with

re-entrant walls and cavities (6272) 26

See also OPEN-CHAMNEL FLOW

CHECK TOWERS

Flow and air entrainment in check towers

of main aqueduct, Canadian River

Project (l*-792) 219

CHESAPEAKE BAY Comprehensive model (6849) 211

CHIMNEY DISCHARGE

See POLLUTION, ATMOSPHERIC; See PLUMES

CIRCULATION, Estuaries

Estuarine circulation dynamics (6282) : 145

CIRCULATION, HUMAN BODY

See BIO-MEDICAL HYDRODYMAMCS

CIRCULATION, LAKES

Induced circulation and temperatures from

cooling-water discharge (6622) 1^9

Mathematical model for circulation and

and mixing in Great Lakes (5791) 149

Mathematical model for Langmuir circulation

to help explain windrows (4252) 148

Wind-driven motions in Great Lakes (5472) 88

CIRCULATION, OCEAN

Calculation of surface circulation from

driving forces (6597) 238

Hydrodynamic models of large-scale ocean wind-driven circulation (6788) 104

M: Xing, diffusion and circulation rates in ocean waters; windrows, Langmuir

streaks (6084) --- 62

Rotating model, Antarctic Ocean (6085) 62

CIRCULATION, THERMO-HALINE

Analog simulation of thermo-haline

circulation system (6471) 150

CIRCTILATION, WIND-DRIVEN

See CIRCULATION, LAKES, OCEAN

CLAP0TI3

See V/AVES

COANDA EFFECT

Hydraulic switch, theory and experiment

(6122) 115

Jet attachment to offset Coanda walls (6058)-- 237

See also FLUID AMPLIFICATION

See also FUHDIC DEVICES

COASTAL ENGINEERING

Advisory services to State of Florida (6758)--

COASTAL ENGINEERING (continued) Page

Manml for shore protection planning and

design (2193) l82

See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

See also EROSION, BEACH

See also ESTUARIES

See also INLETS, COASTAL

See also LITTORAL PROCESSES

See also SHORE PROTECTION

See also TIDAL HYDRAULICS

See also WAVES

COASTAL INLETS

See INLETS, COASTAL

COASTAL SEDIMENT

Currents and sediment movement in Galveston

Trinity Bays, Texas (5458) 129

Effect of groin system on rate of littoral

movement (2190) l82

Field study of quantity of sediment suspended

in surf zone (2660) I83

Fluorescent tracer methods (4127) 31

Influence of sea- level changes on shore

processes (4129) 31

Inventory of offshore sources for beach

sand (4763) 184

Littoral drift by combined wave and current action (4898) 32 Littoral drift traced. Cape Kennedy, Fla.

(5281) 32 Methods of by-passing sand past inlets (975) — I8I

Offshore drag- scraper to provide beach

sand (5283) 32 Radioactive tracers for beach studies (3897)-- I83

Sand bypass and navigation, St. Lucie

Inlet, Fla. (6752) 32 Sand movement by wind and waves (4930) 10

Synoptic field measurements of entire

littoral processes (6762) 33 Tracing program to evaluate natural and

artificial bypassing (6757) 33

See also EROSION, BEACH

See also INLETS, COASTAL

See also LITTORAL PROCESSES

See also WAVES, SEDIMENT

COATINGS

Erosion resistant materials for severe hydrodynamic environment (6428) 235

For concrete subjected to high-velocity

jets (4791) 219

COLLECTION TROUGHS

See OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW

COLLOIDS

See SUSPENSIONS

COLORADO RIVER AQUEDUCT

Deposits causing flow obstruction in

tunnel (6733) 17

COLUMN SEPARATION

See CAVITATION, PIPE FLOW

CONDENSATE

Dropwise condensation of steam (6675) 77

Flow parameters for condensing mercury (6673)- 77

Steam plant condensate circulation model

(5392) 245

CONDENSER WATER (POWER PLANT)

Sec COOLING WATER

CONTAMINATION

See POLLUTION

COflTRACTIONS, OPEIT CHANNEL

See OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, TRANSITIONS

CONTROLS, HYDRAULIC

Feedback controls for canal gates keep

water level constant (6222) 12 Load-sensitive hydraulic- control system

(6092) 60

277
CONTROLS, HYDRAULIC (continued) Page

Konlineax vibrations in hydraulic

positioning system (6577) 225

See also FLUIDIC DEVICES

CONVECTION

Convective flow accompanying absorption of

soluble gas into a quiescent liquid (6832)- kQ

Convective instability of transient systems

(6831) -— 1+8 Convective processes in simspots correlated

with laboratory flows (6786) IOI4- Effect of natural convection on horizontal

pipe flow (6827) - -— i+8 Flow patterns in concentric spheres and

cylinders {6l&h) I3I

Free convection across a square cavity (68oi^)- 267

Free convection in a vertical two-dimensional

channel with heated walls (6805) 268

In a uniform water layer beneath an ice

sheet (6803) 267

Measurements of temperature and velocity

profiles across convecting liqtiid

layers (6807) - 268

CONVECTION, BENAUD

See BENARD

CONVECTION, CELLS

Induced by surface tension (6773) 105

See also BENARD CONVECTION

COOLING WATER DISCHARGE

Channel design to permit uniform velocity

distribution (6502) 152

Chesapeake Bay as affected by Calvert Cliffs

nuclear plant; model (6515) 153

Diffuser for mixing cooling water with

river water (6715) 2k6

(6U8) — 73

Effect on Susquehanna R. near Conowingo;

Peach Bottom plant model (6513) 153

Effect on Wabash R. at Cayuga plant;

model(6506) 152

Emergency gate for cooling-water conduits at Paradise Steam Plant (TVA) (6721) ~ 2k'J Head loss in channel, intakes and drop

structure {G'yOk)-- 152

Induced circulation and temperat\ares from

cooling-water discharge. Lake Monona,

Wise. (6622) - 11^9 Open flume design for returning water from

cooling tower to intake (6720) 2kJ

Outlets to insure uniform velocity distribution (6503) 152

Potomac R. tidal effect on Morgantown steam

plant discharge; model (651'*-) 153

Prevention of recirculation to intake (6'4-19) — 73

Tidal effect on heated water, Hudson R. (6509) — 152

Treatment for removal of radioactive

contaminants (6713) 2h6

See also MODELS

See also POLLUTION, THERMAL

See also STRATIFIED FLOW

CORIOLIS FORCE

Coupled inertial-Coriolis effects on atmospheric turbulence (6615) ^ CORROSION

Pipe protection with CaCO coating (ij-135) '+7 Problems in sea-water conversion (l55^) 8

COUETTE FLOW

Hydromagnetic stabilization (6569) 90

Supercritical circular couette flow (6l72) 79

See also CYLINDERS, CONCENTRIC ROTATING

CREEPING FLOW

Sedimentation of two prolate spheroids in

close proximity (6217) Qk

CRITICAL TRACTIVE FORCE Page

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, INITIATION

CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL (k9) Ilk

CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS

Cryogenic storage of liq-uids in space;

convective stability problems (6789) 101+ Hydrodynamic aspects of superfluld helium

(151^8) 6

Weightlessness effect on liquid-vapor

interface (6338) 23I

CULVERTS

Erosion at outlets (6i)-6o) I8

Hydraulic efficiency in design (ill) IO6

Hydraulic efficiency in design (1723) 156

Hydraulic- jump energy dissipator for culvert

outlet (5'v57) 128

Hydraulics of various culvert inlets (2U35) 217

Model study of energy dissipators (6221) 12 Performance of "broken-back" culverts on steep grades (5955) 130

Prevention and control of culvert and road

icing (053W) --- 181

Sco\ir protection at outlets (6206) 2h

Used for low-flow measiirements with added

V-notch {k336) 162

CULVERTS, NAVIGATION LOCKS

See LOCKS

CURRENT METERS

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

CURRENTS, LAKE Drift-bottle study of surface currents of

Lake Superior (6053) 87

Dynamics of circ\alation in Great Lakes ('^h'J2)- 88

See also CIRCULATION

CURRENTS, LONGSHORE

Field measurements of longshore velocity

Nags Head, N.C, (5325) 18*+ Review of available data and theory (583'*-) l8't- Theory for longshore currents (14-127)- 31

See also LITTORAL PROCESSES

CURRENTS, OCEAN

Atlantic equatorial undercurrent (3120) &k- Bottom c\irrents and sediment motion (6283) l't-6 Prediction of currents resulting from extreme

wind system over coastal area (675*+) 33

Surface currents due to submerged disturbances

in stratified ocean (66k-k)- k-1 CURRICULUM

See INSTRUCTION

CURVATURE EFFECTS

Longitudinal curvature effect on t\arbulent

boundary layer (6l39) 50

CYLINDERS, CONCENTRIC ROTATING

As related to turbulent helical flow in

annulus ('+73'+) l'*-8 Flow patterns and convection {6l.Qk) 52

Secondary flow and turbulence in circular

couette flow ('+65'+) 69

Speed-torque relations immediately after

Taylor instability (6172)--- - 79

Stability of a power-law fluid (5710) 60

Taylor instability in Newtonisin and

non-Newtonian fluids (6737)- — 163

Taylor vortices in non-Newtonian flxiids

(5'+96) - 108

Unsteady laminar-flow analysis (605I) 1 See also TAYLOR VORTICES

- D -

DAMS

Demolition of Hales Bar dam, TVA; model

(671'+) - - 2k6

Design, construction and costs of rock check

dams (3896)--- 177

278
DAMS (continued) Page

Effect on downstream water temperatiare

(Oij-9W) lk3

Experiments on flow through rockfill

dams (ij-663) - 81

Gallery drainage in large dams (TTI) 2^4-8 Riprap stability under wave action {6k86) 6I

Scour protection, see SCOUR

Thermal regimes in and beneath dams in

artlc regions (05SW) I81

DATA ACQUISITION

Instrumentation compatible with computer

analysis (057W) 227

See also HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

DELTAS

Bed-load delta formation upstream of

barrier (5667) 251

Development above detention dams (5566) I58

DENSITY CURRENTS

See STRATIFIED FLOW

DENSITY GRADIENTS

At air-water interface, measured optically

(6133) - 233

See also STRATIFIED FLOW

DESALINATION

Manifold studies, flash distillation plant

(6319) 225

Sea-water conversion research (l55'<-) 8 DICTIONARY

Hydraulic dictionary, English language (6'+02)- II3

DIELECTRIC LIQUID

Dynamics of, between electrodes (6293) 132

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Ad hoc methods for nonlinear partial diff

.

eqs. (6358) 57

Nonlinear ordinary diff. eqs. in transport

processes (6356) 57

DIFFUSERS

Effect of polymer additives on diffuser

separation flow noise (6796) 113

Flow in two-dimensional subsonic diffusers

(6799) 117 For mixing condenser water in river (6418) 73

Pipe with wall ports for mixing condenser

cooling water in river (67I5) 2U6

Wide angle diffiiser for low speed wind

tunnel (5833) 101

DIFFUSION

Of a supercritical stream on a stagnant

pool (66k2) 253

Of contaminants in free turbulent shear

flows (6il96) 26k

Of entrapped gas in porous media (5891) 23

Of liquid aerosols in air jet (6202) 102

See also DISPERSION

Turbulence structure and diffusion In rough

channels (5131) 133

DIFFUSION, EQUATIONS

Nonlinear ordinary differential equations in

transport processes (6356) 57 Similarity solutions for non-Newtonian flow

(6357) 57 DIFFUSION, GROUNDWATER

Salt water in coastal well fields (6259) 86

DIFFUSION, OCEAN

Mixing, diffusion and circulation rates in ocean waters; windrows, Langmulr streaks

(60Qk) 62

DIFFUSION, PARTICLE

Particle-size effect on turbulent diffusion

(6688) - 36 See also DIFFUSION, SEDIMENT

DIFFUSION, RIVER

Mathematical model for t\arbulent diffusion

(5688) - - — I'+l

DIFFUSION, RIVER (continued) Page

Mixing of nuclear power plant condenser

water in Tennessee R. (614-18) 73

Stratification effects, natural rivers (6165)- l^+l Turbulent diffusion, reaeration in natural

rivers (6165) ikl

See also DISPERSION, RIVER

DIFFUSION, SEDIMENT

Particle-size effect on turbiilent diffusion

(6688) 36 Sediment diffusion in non-uniform flow

field (60kk) 5 Sediment diffusion in turbulent open-channel

flow (6079) 80

DIKES, SPUR

Design to provide uniform velocity between

bridge abutments ( 3086) 12k

(3086A) 63

Effect of length and spacing on scour (k-6k-^)-- 63

Laboratory research on dikes for channel

stabilization {60k2) 208

DISKS, ROTATING

Thrust developed by spinning disk (531*+) 119

Laminar flow surrounding finite rotating

disk at high Reynolds No. (61OI) 89

DISPERSION

Airphoto analysis of waste dispersion from ocean outfall (6775) 92

Field study of mixing and dispersion in

reservoirs (5953) 129

DISPERSION, ATMOSPHERIC

Buoyant plumes from high smokestacks (6IO5) 7*+ Smoke dispersion modeled in a wind tunnel

boundary layer (6816) 269

DISPERSION, CAPILLARIES

Dispersion mechanism in capillaries (6331) 19

DISPERSION, ESTUARIES

In rivers, estuaries, lakes, oceans and

groundwater (658I) 7 In shallow, irregiilar- shape estuaries (6l82)-- I30

Nianerical solution of unsteady estuary

dispersion equation (,h6kQ) 69

Of pollutants in estuaries {k-6k8) 69 See also ESTUARIES

DISPERSION, PIPE FLOW

Chlorine solution Injected into turbulent

pipe flow (6714-6) 112

DISPERSION, POROUS MEDIA FLOW

See POROUS MEDIA FLOW, DISPERSION IN DISPERSION, RIVER

Experimental and theoretical study of

hydrodynamics of river and estuary

dispersion {66k-9) kl

Longitudinal dispersion in open-channel

flow and natural streams (5773) 7 Mechanics of pollutant dispersion in

rivers and estuaries (6223) 12 DISPERSIONS

Momentum and heat-transfer In liquid- 11 quid

dispersion (6777) 92

Single drop breakup in developing turbulent

pipe flow (678I4-) 112

See also LIQUID- LI QUID FLOWS

DISPERSION VALVES

See VALVES

DISSOLVED OXYGEN

See OXYGEN

DIVERSIONS

Castaic Dam, Calif., diversion and release

system (6659) I6

DOCKS

Small-vessel L-shape dock protection (6231) 259

Wave uplift forces on dock (658I4-) 8 See also PIERS

279
DOPPIER METER Page

See HYDRAULIC MEAS., VELOCITY

See HYDRAULIC MEAS., TURBULENCE

DRAFT TUBES

Bitliography of causes of sia~ges in draft

tube (6321) 225

Splitters and baffles to avoid flow

concentration (6305) — 223

DRAG

Single particles in laminar tube flow (6280)-- 1*4-3 Wall roughness size and shape effect on drag

in circular air tunnel {'j60U-) 228

Wind tunnel tests on particles of various

shapes with plane-boundary surfaces (6160)-- Ikk

See also SUBMERGED BODIES

DRAG, CUBES

Lift and drag on a cube in a velocity-gradient

finite flow field with free surface effects

(5758) — 137

DRAG, CYLINDERS

Analytical drag relations for low Reynolds

No. (5778) h9

Forces on accelerated cylinders (2265) 9 Shear stress distribution around cylinder by

electrochemical methods (6825)

Velocity-gradient effect (i4-7l6) 128

Wake-vortices effect in oscillating

flow (6381) ho

DRAG, Hemispheres

Free surface effects on hemisphere on a boundary in a velocity gradient (513*+) 13^

DRAG, INDUCED

See LIFTING SURFACE

DRAG, PLATES

Flat plate oscillating normal to its plane

(6081) 1 DRAG REDUCTION

Electrolytic bubble generation effect {66k'^) — hi

Foam dampeners in flexible tubes (6083) 97

DRAG REDUCTION, ADDITIVES

Bo\mdary layer on disk rotating in dilute

polymer solution (6738) 111

Deployment methods for polymers around

ship hulls (6089) 87

Effect of additive on impact tube (5795) HO

Effect of boundary layer thickness on polymer drag reduction (6261) IhJ

Effect of dilute polymer solution on flow

noise (5^97) IO8

Effect of drag reducing polymers on wave damping in tank (6829) h8

Effect of guar-gum solution on ship

drag (2091) - 5*4- Effect of location of additive injection

{621h) 67

Effect of non-Newtonian properties on drag

and stability (617I) 79

Effect of polymer additives on diffuser

separation flow noise (6796) 113

Effect of polymer coiling (5291) 1*4-7 Effect on turbulent shear layer ( 621*4- ) 67

High polymer and low mol. wt. micellarelectrolyte systems (6391) 83

Laminar and turbulent flow with homogeneous

and injected additives (6379) 35 Polymer effect on boundary- layer turbulence

(6135) (6136) 23^

Organic soap-solution additives (6*4-07) 82 Polymer effects on resistance and wake of

flat plate (66*45) *4-l Polymer effects on wall-pressure fluctuations

(6585) - 2^1

Polymer- structure effect (6*4-0*4-) - 82

Skin friction to be measured in pipe flow of

polymer solution (6587) 2*4-1

DRAG REDUCTION, ADDITIVES (continued) Page

Spheres falling in polymer solutions (6696) 38

Surface pressure fluctuations in dilute

polymer solutions (6735) HI

Turbulence structure in drag-reducing

organic solvents (6*4-05) 82

Turbulence structure studied using Doppler

scattering (655*+) 96

Unsteady pipe flow of polymer solutions

(6695) —- -- - 38

Viscoelastic stresses in dilute polymer

solutions (14-868) - 2*4-1 Viscosity of polymer solutions (6*408) 82

See also NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW

See also POLYMERS

DRAG REDUCTION, COMPLIANT WALL

Experiments In water channel (5196) *45 Experiments on turbulent pipe flow (I4-892) 2l8

DRAG REDUCTION, FLOW MEAS.

.Anemometry technique for accurate velocity

profiles (6*4-06) 82

DRAG REDUCTION, SUCTION

Optimum suction slot form for laminar boundary

layer stability (5593) - 95

DRAG, SAND GRAINS

Seepage effect on bed forces (6525) 139

See also SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, INITIATION

DRAG, SEMI-CIRCULAR DISK

Drag and surface waves in flow around disk

in finite 3-dimensional field (5761)--- 137

DRAG, SLENDER BODIES

Wind-induced oscillations of elastic slender

bodies (6060) - - 237

DRAG, SPHERES

Falling in dilute polymer solutions (6696) 38

Force on two spheres in Stokes flow (6790) 10*4 Forces on large roughnesses in open-channel

flow (652*4-) - — 139

Sphere resting on hypothetical streamhed

(I1316) 161

Wave forces on submerged spheres, field study

(6075) ho

Motion of spheres in highly turbulent field

(6076) - 80

Sphere assemblages in packed and fluidized

beds (6056) - 263

Stokes flow around accelerated sphere (3799)-- 88

Viscoiis flow in cylindrical tube containing

line of spheres (605*4-) 25

DRAG, STOKES

Force on two spheres In Stokes flow (6790) 10*4- DRAG, UNSTEADY FLOW

Circular cylinder in oscillating flow (6381)-- *40 Flat plate oscillating normal to Its plane

(6081)- 1 Forces on accelerated cylinders (2265) 9 Pressure-distribution time history for bodies

in uniformly accelerating flow (6082) 1 Stokes flow around accelerated sphere (3799) — 88

See also SUBMERGED BODIES

DRAG, VEHICLES

Cross-wind effect on rapid-transit train

(6123) 115

DRAG, WEDGES

Lift, drag and moment for wedge-like bodies as function of separation point (67*40) 111

DRAINAGE

Approximate solutions for non- steady vertical

drainage of soils (598l) 16O

Assessment procedure for drained land (OllW)-- *48 Contribution of partially saturated zone In drainage of fine-texttired soil (*4-826) 157

Dimenslonless nomograph for vertical free

drainage from various soils (5897) '*^3

280
DRAINA.GE (continued) Page

Effects of gradual urbanization of originally

agric\iltural area (6606) 258

Factors affecting flow of subsurface water

near drains (653^) 1*4-0 Field study of surface and subsurface

drainage (OIJW) 59 Gravity drainage of initially saturated

soil columns (5508) 257

Methods for interception drainage on wet, seepy, sloping land (k-Qig) I56

New materials, equipment and techniques for

drainage of agricultural land (^2^1) 156

Reclamation of salt-affected non-irrigated

soils in W. Dakota {kQ32) I58

Relation of water table to drainage discharge

and aquifer for transient case {63J,k) ll+O Removal of excess soil sodium by gypsum and

drainage {kgdj) 1+7 Similitude for flow into subsoil drains

(5892) - 23

Subsurface drainage of blount silt loam

(km)— 98

DRAINAGE, BUIIDING

Flow in horizontal building drainage

systems (67IO) h

Mechanism of air entralnment in vertical

drains, and reliability of backwater

valves (hOk^) 256

Venting of drains in high-rise buildings

(6710) — - 1+ DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE CHANNELS

Armoring channels with riprap; design

procedures (67*4-1) 111

DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

For irrigated areas of the northwest (598l) 160

For St. Lawrence-Champlaln area ('t-819) 156

For the Imperial Valley (hQ^k) I63

Optimal design of systems (5825) 72 Physical, legal and economic aspects of costs among drainage districts (020W) 59 Systems design for lower Mississippi Delta

( 1+332) 161

Systems design in Rio Grande plain (*4-8*4l4-) l62

DRAINAGE, DRAIN PIPES

Efficiency tests of perforated subdraln

pipe (677*4-) - - 92

DRAINAGE, GALLERY

See DAMS

DRAINAGE, HIGHWAY

Bound-rock ditch linings (5*4-89) 25

Computer-aided highway drainage design (6*4-22)- 7*4- Efficiency tests of perforated subdraln

pipe (677*+) 92

Erosion prevention in roadside channels

(6258) 86

Evaluation of problems in N. Carolina (6260)-- 86

Heat transfer calculations for degradation

of permafrost under highways (052W) 181

DRAINAGE, PAVEMENT

Effect of surface grooves (6286) 82

DRAINAGE, TILE DRAINS

Computer solutions for subsurface drainage

problems (5I76) 91

Drain sizes for composite drainage (27*4-0) 257

Drain tile effect on soil salinity (1819) 1*4- Effect of spacing, cropping practice and

time of year (5O33) 91

Optimm drain spacing for sloping irrigated

land (6317) - 225

Sediment transport capacity of circiilar drains

(3*+90) 97

DRAINAGE BASINS

See WATERSHEDS

DRAINING TANKS Page

Critical submergence for vortexlng (6797) lll4- DRAWDOWN, WELLS

See WELLS

DREDGE PUMPS

See PUMPS, DREDGE

DREDGING

Feasibility study of wave-powered sand

dredge (5836) 18*^ Rotating cutterhead efficiency on hydraulic

suction dredge (6780) 93

Test of water-jet apparatus for sand

pumping (6779) 93

DRILLING PLATFORM

Theoretical study of wave forces (6232) 259

DROP INLETS

See INLETS

DROPLETS

See DROPS

DROP SHAFTS

For deep tunnel drainage; model study (67*4-7)- 112

DROPS

Mechanics of cloud droplet coalescence (6790)- 10*4 Oxygen transfer to water drops (6698) 38

Shape and velocity of drop approaching an interface (6668) 76

Single drop breakup in developing turbulent

pipe flow (678*4-) 99

DROPS, IMPACT

See IMPACT

DROP STRUCTURES

Hydraulic performance studied in model for

Gerlng Valley Project, Nebraska (3915) 192

Prefabricated mlts for irrigation water

control (5209) 159

See also MODELS, DROP STRUCTURE

DUNES, BED

See BED FORMS

DUNES, SAND

Dune building with sand fences (*4-76o) I83

Mechanics of dune building at Cape Hatteras

(kk82) 32 See also SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, BY WIND

- E -

EDDIES

See VORTEX MOTION

EDDY VISCOSITY

See TURBULENCE

EDUCATION

See INSTRUCTION

ELBOW METER

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

ELECTROKINETICS

Influence on permeability of fine sand (*4-209)- IO8

Streaming potential in soil capillaries

(5450) 135

Use in removal of pollutants from water

(6600) 126

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC EFFECTS

Thrust generation by electro-magnetic

acceleration of colloids (6680) 77

ENERGY DISSIPATORS

Baffled chute for Conconully Dam (6325)-- 226

Design rules for roller dissipators (3917) 1^3

Expansion-chamber type for Mica Dam (6*4-37) 270

Expansion-chamber type, New Don Pedro Dam

(6i+i+6)— - - 271

For large culverts (6221) 12 Hydraulic- jump for culvert outlet (5*4-57) 128

Investigation of many dissipator types (066w)- 227

Use of large roughness elements for energy

dissipation (5533) 1*42

281
EMERGY DISSIPATORS (continued) Page

See also HYDRAULIC JUMP

See also MODELS, ENERGY DISSIPATORS

See also STILLING BASIWS

ENTRAINMEKT, AIR

See AIR

EWTRAIHMEHT, IN PIPE FLOW

See PIPE FLOW

ENTRAINMEKT, JETS

See JETS

ENTRAINMEHT, SAND

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

ENTRANCE LENGTH

SEE INLET LENGTH

ENTRAIWMENT SEPARATION (6l2l|) 115

EPHEMERAL STREAMS

Flood wave movement in natural ephemeral

channels (^358) I63

Used for groundwater artificial recharge

(5396) 21

EQUIVALENT DIAMETER

Rectangular-conduit experiments (628i|) 8I

EROSION

Criteria for rock- sausage placement for

erosion prevention (6377) IO6

Erosion characteristics of riprap and gravel

(1987) —- - - 189

Inverted filters to protect fine-grain

material (5769) 25

See also SCOUR

EROSION, BEACH

Coastal erosion and protection in Florida

(kk-js) 32 Correlation of storm wave attack and beach

erosion {hj6Q) 183

Hilo Bay, Hawaii, heach model study (5895) U-0 Influence of sea-level changes (^4-129) 31

Lake Michigan field study (1863) k6

Manual for shore protection planning and

design (2193) l82

Model study for protection of part of Waikiki

Beach (BOlk) kO

Revetment design and other protection

methods (hk'JS) 32

Scoxcc in front of sea walls (5552) 12l4- (5552A) 6k

See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

See also LITTORAL PROCESSES

See also WAVES, SEDIMENT

EROSION, CAVITATION

See CAVITATION

EROSION, DRAINAGE CHAMEL

Armoring channels with riprap; design

procedures (67^1) 111

Criteria for erosion prevention in roadside

channels (6258) 86

EROSIOK, GULLY

Gully control and erosion reduction from

mountain stream channels (3896) 177

EROSION, SCOUR

See SCOUR

EROSION, SOIL

Cohesive-soil erosion and channel stabilization

(60^7) 5 Control of erosion in areas denuded by fire

{k999) 171

Control practices for Texas blackland

prairie (k-8k-&) l62

Detachment by raindrop impact and flowing

water {k33l) - 16I

Effect of forest cover control, Mississippi

{291k) 178

Effects of physical and chemical soil

properties (^4-275) I56

Effects of surface mulches (14-182) 97

EROSION SOIL (continued Page

Erodibility of some Hawaii soils (4997) 170

Erosion-control effects on Pine Tree Branch

watershed, TVA (3309) 214-9 Hydrodynamics of overland flow with rainfall

(6199) - - 102

Investigations of erosion control and water

conservation (Ol8w) 59 Mathematical models of erosion process (14-275)- 156

Mechanics of erosion by surface runoff (I4-I82)- 97

Mechanics of erosion by surface rimoff and

rainfall impact (14-275) 156

Properties of cohesive soil related to erosion (58OO) 110

Relation to rainfall kinetic energy (3I4-2I4-) I+7 Relation to soil properties, rain and surface

characteristics (3808) 97

Resistance of cohesive soils (14-317) I6I

Soil type, slope and vegetation effects.

Upper Bear Creek, TVA (14-8814-) 214-9 Water yield and erosion, mid-Columbia River

forested areas (14-757) I67

See also EROSION, GULLY

EROSION, STREAMBANK

Effect of erosion and sediment transport on trout streams (389O) I66

ESTUARIES

Computer simulation models of physical,

chemical and biological aspects of

Duwamish River (6833) II4-6 Dispersion, shallow estuaries of Irregular

shape (6182) 130

Dynamics of estuarlne circulation (6282) ll4-5 Estuarine ecology stiodles (05OW) ll4-6 Experimental and theoretical study of hydrodynamics of dispersion (6614-9) 14-1 Finite-difference modeling of river and

estuary pollution (677O) 814- Flme studies of salinity intrusion as affected by physical and hydraulic

features of estuaries (1986) I89

James R.,Va. channel improvement effect on hydraulic and salinity conditions in

estuary; model (5651) 200

Mechanism of pollution dispersion (I4-6I4-8) 69

(6223) 12

Rheological properties of estuarine sediments

(3907) 191

Role of passes in gulf-bay water exchange,

Texas Gulf Coast (6183) I30

St. Lawrence River Salinity intrusion (5914-9)- 257

Salinity intrusion and diffusion (6I4-I5) 72

Salinity intr-Qsion, see also SALINITY

Salinity prediction using nonlinear systems

analysis (14-562) 9 Shoaling model study, Umpqua R., Oreg. (6026)- 20l4- Shoaling in Columbia estuary; model (14-396) 19*4- St. Lawrence River and Estuary; mathemiatlcal

model (6603) 2614^ Tidal computations in estaijries and canals

(61Hl4) - 72 Tidal motion in St. Lawrence estuary,

theoretical study (59I4-8) 256

Tidal, salinity and sediment problems in

Maracalbo estuary (5119) 70

See also DISPERSION, ESTUARIES

See also MODELS, RIVER

EVAPORATION

Additives for snow evaporation control (5395)- 21

Data for Tennessee Valley (765) 214-8 Effect of waves, white water, turbidity on losses from streams (5787) 92

Effect on reservoir yield in New England

(2561) 76

Estimates of free-water evaporation (566I4) 2l8

282
EVAPORATION (continued) Page

From small stock-watering ponds in desert

areas (3057) h-3 Losses, from a climate standpoint {'}hk2) 13*4^ Pan evaporation; hydrodynamics and energy

budget (5305) —- 28

Reduction by selective withdrawal from

reservoir {k23k) 127

Suppressants to reduce snowpack loss ('^996)- — I69

Svirface-wave effects (6178) 27

EVAPORATORS

Brine-piping model study (6318) 225

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Evaluation of an instrument for peat bogs

(3887) 165

Use of atmospheric humidity in estimating

(O23W) - 61

EXITS, PIPE

See PIPE FLOW, EXITS

EXPANSIONS

Energy relations in laminar flow at two- dimensional expansion (5909) 56

Influence of approach slot length-width ratio,

expansion ratio and eccentricity on two- dimensional expansions (6731) 2 Stability criteria, two-dimensional expansion

(6731) 2 Stable eddies at abrupt expansions in pipe

flow (1875) - 53

See also OPEN CHANNEL FLOW, TRANSITIONS

See also PIPE FLOW

EYE

See BIO-MEDICAL HYDRODYMMCS

- F

FACILITIES

Hydroballistics tank (kOG'j) 237

Laboratory equipment for undergraduate

courses (^h&h) 101

Oceanographic research tower at Navy

Electronics Lab, (6372)--- 2k2

Performance of large laboratory flume (583I)-- 101

Ship dynamics test machine (5301) 12 FACILITIES, WATER TUNNEL

Slowdown type for pipe-flow tests (6587) 2kl

For current-meter calibration (6't-52) 237

The Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel (2832) 9^

FACILITIES, WAVES

General purpose laboratory generator (5995) 253

Generator and absorber studies (6281) 1*4-3 Wind-wave flvme (6072)- kO

See also WAVES

FACILITIES, WIND TUNNEL

Design of low- speed general-purpose tunnel

(5833) 101

FALL VELOCITY

Cylinders and disks; effect of surface

texture (5165) 21

Natural and artificial particles (6562) 65

Of spheres in open-channel flow (5165) 21

Particles in turbulent environment (5302) 27

(6563) - 65

Two prolate spheriods in close proximity,

creeping flow (6217)-- -- 8i+ FIUA FLOW

Vhss transfer from liquid film to hot gas

stream (6219) - 103

Momentum transfer in climbing film flow in

annular duct (6776) 92

See also CONDENSATE

See also OVERLAND FLOW

See also SHEET FLOW

FIIWS

Fluid mechanics, educational films (3739) 5^

FILMS, SURFACE Page

Effect of stationary surface film upstream

of object in free-surface flow (6376) 26

Film on gas nuclei; effect on water

tensile strength (6378) 35 FILTERS

Coarse media effects on properties of

recharged water (2535) h-'J FILTERS, INVERTED

For fine-grain material (5769) 25

FILTRATION

Silt-carrying water flowing through porous

media (5820) 12 See also POROUS MEDIA FLOW

FIN-BODY COMBINATIONS

See SUBMERGED BODIES

FISH CONTROL STRUCTURES

Artificial spawning channel for chum salmon

(683*+) - — lh6

Canal fish concentration for counting

purposes (63IO) 2214- Canal velocity barrier for spawning- fish

control (6311) 2214- Silt deposited by flow in artificial spawning

grounds (5*4-37) 10

Spawning-bed cleaning device for canal (6313)- 22*4- Spillway and stilling-basin fish passage

characteristics (6l6*4-) 1^^

FISH RESEARCH

Effect of logging on water quality of Alaska

pink salmon streams (3535) I'+S Effect of streambank erosion on trout

streams (389O) . 166

Influence of water quality on salmon in

Duwamish estuary (050W) 114-6 Logging effect on Alaska salmon streams

(2651+) 168

See also FISH CONTROL STRUCTURES

FISH PROPULSION

Swimming-body theory and experiment (6209) 23*4- FITTINGS

See PIPE FLOW

FLASHBOARDS

Forces on flashboard mounted on parabolic

spillway crest (5910) 56 FLIP BUCKET

See MODELS, ENERGY DISSIPATORS

FLOATING BODIES

Hydrodynamic mass for floating and submerged

bodies (6367) 28

See also WAVES, FLOATING BODIES

FLOOD CONTROL

Ansonia-Derby flood protection project. Conn. (6860)-- - 213

Clay Creek, Colo., effect of dam on I965

flood (6I4-78) ——- - 2*1*4 Illinois River model study (55*t9) • '+6 Los Angeles County; San Gabriel River

improvement; model study (6880) I86

See also MODELS, RIVER

FLOOD DAMAGE, to corn (019W) -- 59 FLOOD PLAIN FLOW

See OPEN CHANNEL FLOW, OVERBAKK

FLOOD ROUTING

Analog computer used to route floods through

reservoirs (5657) ' 51

Computer models for Weather Bureau river

forecast centers (566*4) 2l8

Computer simulation (*4-565) 10

Nimierical integration of unsteady-flow

equations by three methods (6257) 85 Tests on Mississippi Basin model (236) 186

See also FLOOD WAVES

FLOOD WAVES

Flood routing in irregular channel {3^7^) 87

283
FLOOD WAVES (continued) Page

Velocity through channel- flood plain

geometries (6l97) 101

See also FLOOD ROUTING

FLOODS

Bank seepage effect on hydrograph (022W) 6l

Bank storage in natural streams (3^+28) 'jh Forecasting snowmelt floods (5997) '^5^ Forecasts for Fraser River, Canada 25'*- Hydrographs for ephemeral channels ('+358) 163

Hydrology of frozen ground floods (033^) '5

Hydrometeorological research for design-flood

criteria (615^4-) - - 2l8

Mathematical models of small watershed

floods (OO3W) - 25

Mean channel flood related to basin characteristics for small Missouri basins (1+662) 8I

Minnesota River, I965 flood study (58OI) 110

Peak floods, small Missouri basins (6287) 82

FLOODS, FREQUENCY

Frequency modification due to impoundments

(025W) - 61

Modified station-year method (6287) 82

Urbanization effects on frequency (5558) 78

FLOW LOSSES

Channels with periodically varying section

(6272) 26

Elastic pipes, bellows, bends; vibrations

and flow losses (6065) n't See also OPEW-CHAOTEL FLOW, RESISTANCE

See also PIPE FLOW, LOSSES

FLOW METERS

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

FLOW NOISE

See HYDRODYNAMIC NOISE

FLOW TUBES

See HYDRAULIC MEAS., FLOW METERS

FLOW VISUALIZATION

Hele-Shaw source, sink and circulatory

flow (61+72) 179

Separated flow behind bluff bodies studied in

glycerol-solution tunnel (6580) 255

FLOW VISUALIZATION, HYDROGEN BUBBLES

Applied to flow in fluidic devices (637I) 29

Evaluation of use for quantitative velocity

determination (68IO) 1+1+ FLUID AMPLIFIERS

Hydrodynamic noise transmission in

amplifiers (5913) - 1+5 Jet attachment to offset Coanda walls (6058) — 237

Stage produced noise (6II9) 1+6 Switching and starting phenomena of bistable

fluid devices (637O) 29

See also FLUIDIC DEVICES

FLUIDELASTICITY

See HYDROELASTICITY

FLUIDIC DEVICES

Flow visualization with hydrogen bubbles

in fluidics (6371) 29

Jet reattachment at low Reynolds Wo. (5537) ll+3 See also FLUID AMPLIFIERS

See also HYDRAULIC SWITCH

FLUIDIZED BEDS

See BEDS

FLUID LINES

Propagation of disturbances in fluid

lines (1+197) 103

See also PIPE FLOW

FLUME, LABORATORY

See FACILITIES

FLUME, MEASURING

See HYDRAULIC MEAS.

FLUSHING SYSTEM

For Victoria ship channel, Tex. (5636) 198

FLUTTER Page

See VIBRATIONS

FORMULAS, HYDRAULIC

Derivation by dimensional matrix analysis

(61+01) '- 113 FREE SHEAR FLOWS

See TURBULENCE

FREE STREAMLINE FLOW

Finite-difference techniques for cavity, jet

and seepage problems (1+219) 115

Over discontinuities in boundary layer

(671+1+) —- 111

See also CAVITY FLOWS

See also SEPARATED FLOW

FREE-SURFACE FLOW

Non- linear free surface planing theory

(61+50) 18

Shear flow characteristics over sinusoidal

boundary (636I+) 58

See also OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

FRICTION

See DRAG

See OPEN CHANTEL FLOW, RESISTANCE

See PIPE FLOW, LOSSES

See ROUGHNESS

FRICTION REDUCTION

See DRAG REDUCTION

FUEL SLOSHING

See SLOSHING

G

GAGES

See Hydraulic Measurements

GAS DUCT

Flow distribution studied, for inlet to

electrostatic ash collectors (6725) 21+7 (6726) (6727) (6728) 21+8 GAS NUCLEI

See CAVITATION

GATES

Air demand and piezometric measurements

of tandem gate, Navajo Dam (I+96O) 220

Air demand tests. Trinity Dam, Calif. (1+958)- 220

Automatic control of radial gates (1+802) 220

Calibration of gate systems by models (671+5)- lH

Closure forces on turbine intake gate,

Tims Ford (TVA) (6722) 2l+7 Flap-gate oscillation tests (5950) 257

Gate-hoist cylinder pressures measured at Nolin Dam, Ky. (521+3) 196

High-pressure slide gate. Morrow Point Dam

outlet works (5335) - 221

Pressure fluctuations at gated outlet

works (5321) - - 55

(56I+7)-- 200

Quick-closing emergency gate for cooling-water

conduits at Paradise Plant (TVA)(6721) 21+7 Seals studied at prototype head in

laboratory (5338) - 221

See also MODELS, GATES

GATES, RADIAL

Automatic gate control with orifices (1+802) — 220

Discharge coefficients for radial gates

(5863) - — 15

(3612) - 219

GATES, SLUICE

Development of general flow equations for

gates in rectangular channels (6633) 251

Flow immediately below submerged sluice

gates (6632) - —- 251

Irrotational potential flow under a sluicegate (6078) - 80

281+
GATES, TAINTER Page

As flow measuring devices {669h) 37 GREAT LAKES

Hydrology of Great Lakes - St. Lawrence

basin (303I) - — - I8

See also LAKES

GREAT SALT LAKE, Hydrology of (Oi|-6w) Ikl

GRID TURBULENCE

See TURBULENCE, GRID

GROINS

Effect of groin system on rate of littoral

movement (2190) l82

See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

GROUNDWATER

Analytic techniques for determining flow

fields (5819) - 11

Basin management and optimum ground/surface

water use (4932) 10

Flow in the capillary zone (5816) 11

Flow system in Delmarva peninsula (OO7W) 29

Geophysical methods employed to find hydrologic properties of substrata (2658) 175

Mathematical model of stream-aquifer

system (klOG) 20

Movement, in highway landslides (5368) k'i Optimizing conjunctive use of surface and

groundwater (57^9) 135

(6665) 17

Periodic evaluation of storage, TVA (78O) 2k9

Physical and biological changes resulting

from man's activities (002W) 2k

Protection from saline intrusion in Baton

Rouge area (5713) --- 67

Quality change at Severance, Colo. (5880) 22

Regions analyzed by analog computer (5657) 51

Relation of pumping lift to economic use of groundwater for irrigation (6703)

Seepage patterns to wells for unconfined

flow (OlkV) - 59

Trajisient effects on groundwater storage

due to reservoir drawdown (6212) 235

Vertical movement estimated from earth's

thermal profile (5839) 228,

See also AQUIFERS

See also POROUS MEDIA FLOW

GROUNDWATER, POLLUTION

Advance-waxning techniques (6163) ^kk

Lateral dispersion of contaminants in

poroiis media (62l6) 122

Travel velocity of contaminants (6U63) 19

GROUNDWATER, RECHARGE

Coarse media effects on properties of

recharged water (2535) ^7

Dispersion in pumping and recharge (37^+8) 68

Effect of forest cover (389O) I66

Estimation methods near margins of plateau

basalts (6162) Ikh

From ephemeral streams ('4-106) 20

(5396) - 21

Management and recharge in California (2l8l)-- I63

Principles, facilities and systems for

recharge in southern plains (5216) l62

Silty-water effect on infiltration in

alluvial channels (53'+9) 2 GROUNDWATER, STRATIFIED

See STRATIFIED FLOW, POROUS MEDIA

GULF STREAM

Numerical forecasting model (6593) 238

GULLY EROSION

See EROSION

- H -

HARBORS

Barber's Pt., Oahu, model (6073) ^0

HARBORS (continued) Page

Breakwaters, see BREAKWATERS

Brunswick, Ga., shoaling model study (56i|-8)-- 200

Docks, see DOCKS

Hilo Harbor, Hawaii, seiching study (589't) kO

Pollution dispersion and shoaling, Charleston

Harbor, S.C. {'}6kO) 199

Seiche prediction and simulation with

electric analogs (6087) 67

Tidal ciorrent changes due to dredging

and causeway, Vancouver (625O) 260

Wave action in small-boat harbor, Dana Point,

Calif., model {'56k2) ; 199

Wave-induced oscillations of small moored

vessels ('?01h) 7 (5228) 195

HAWSERS

Development of hawser stress transducer

(lOOl;) 188

HEADERS

Pressure-flow rate characteristics of headers

having uniform cross-sections (6806) 268

HEART, ARTIFICIAL

See BIO-MEDICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

HEART LUNG MACHINES

See BIO-MEDICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

HEAT TRANSFER

At and near wall in turbulent pipe flow

(6568) 89

Boiling heat transfer from rotating cylinder

(61+59) - 272

Calculation techniques for change in

permafrost level (052W) I8I

Effect of turbulence promoters on transfer

through laminar boundary layer (657I) 90

Film and nucleate boiling between solid

and various liquids (6709) - '+5 From warm water jets discharged into

lake (6622)-- II+9 In dropwise condensation of mercury (6673) 77

In dropwise condensation of steam (6675) 77 In turbulent viscoelastic flows (5960) 11|7 In turbulent pipe flow with internal heat sources (6IO9) 59 Jet flow on curved wall (61+56) 272

See also CONVECTION

HELE-SHAW FLOW

So\irce, sink and circulatory flow

visualization (61+72) 179

HEAVY WATER

Circulation in nuclear reactor; manifold

and vortex problems (6251) 26l

HIGHWAYS

Culverts, see CULVERTS

Drainage, see DRAINAGE, HIGHWAY

Prevention and control of culvert and road

icing (053W) 181

HOSE

See PIPE FLOW, FLEXIBLE TUBE

HOT WIRE/FIIM

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

HURRICANE

Mathematical model based on eqmtions of

viscous turbulent flow (65I+2) 35 HURRICANE BARRIER

See HURRICANE SURGE

HURRICANE SURGE

Effect of barrier on navigation in East

Passage, Karragansett Bay, R.I. (3590) I90

Galveston area, Texas, surge model (6025) 201+ HYDRAULIC ANALOGY

Application to internal subsonic flow (6I+89)- I8I

HYDRAULIC CONTROLS

See CONTROLS

285
HYDRAULIC FEED SYSTEMS Page

Structural-motion effect on dynamic

response (6276) 6I

HYDRAULIC FILTERS

For surge pressures (6278) 62

HYDRAULIC JUMP

At abrupt bottom-elevation change (2l6l) 126

Bed roughness effect (GGh^) 253

Bed shear as index of efficiency (5532) ll4-5 Below abrupt symmetrical expansion (6635) 252

Characteristics of circiilar jiimp {'ylSk) 21

Chute and baffle block pressures {399^) — 219

Design charts relating jump characteristics

(iKGi) - 189

Effect of submerged jets i'^kSQ) 81

General similarity curve for jump profile

(6639) 252

Insuring jump formation inside steep-grade

culvert (5955) 130

Sector of circular jump lased at culvert

outlet (5ij-57) — 128

Shock transition, hydraulic jump and vortex

breakdown (l5'<-8) 6

Solitary wave theory applied to undular

jump (1I4.67) - 189

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

Data acquisition systems compatible with

computer analysis (057W) 227

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, AIR-WATER INTERFACE

Density-gradient near interface measured

with interferometer (6l33) 233

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, CURRENT METERS

Calibration facility for oceanographic

meters (5793) 109

Calibrations compared between towing tank

and water tunnel (5615) 2l8

Effect of proximity of fittings (063W) — 227

Feasibility of rating meters in a velocity

field (6526) 139

Oceanographic current-meter calibration

(6^52) 236

Ott-type meters for turbine discharge (kkkl)-- 2kh

Turbulence effect on Price meters (5911) 56

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, DISCHARGE

Acoustic flow meter tested at Summersville

Dam outlet works (56^1-3) 199

Ott-type current meters for turbine discharge

(kk-kl) 2kk

Radioisotope flow measurement in high-head

turbines ( 06lW) (06i4-W) 227

Using buoyant particles (5829) 80

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., CURRENT METERS

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., FLOWMETERS

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., STREAMFLOW

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, DOPPLER METER (5075) 227

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, ELBOW METER

For si It- clay-water slurry (5172) 63

Irrigation- system measurements (5219) I63

To measure suspension flow and concentration

(6566) 65

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLOW ME'CERS Acoustic flow meter tested at Summersville

Dam outlet works (56^+3) 199

Calibration facility for high pressuretemperature water (3623) 2^4-0 Calibration for high pressure steam and

water (l+OOl) 2k-0 Calibrations of large (8 to 2^4- inch)

meters (6835) 153

Calibration of magnetic flow tubes (5963) 151

Calibration of magnetic flow tubes, nozzles

and orifice plates (1963) 151

Calibration of nozzles and meters(l to l6-inch)

diameter (5962) I5I

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLOW METERS (continued) Page

Calibration of open flow nozzles and

flow tubes (3859) ('<-255) 151

Calibration of 6 to 14^8- inch flow tubes

(5279) 151

Dynamic effects on discharge coefficient

(5022) - 151

New form of compact differential pressure

meter for pipe lines i'^QOh) 110

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLOW NOISE

Random signal analysis techniques (6l3'+) 23*4- HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLOW TUBES

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLOW METERS

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLOW VISUALIZATION

See FLOW VISUALIZATION

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLUID PROPERTIES

Tensions in liquids (5IO6) 95

See also VISCOSITY

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLUMES

Calibration of open flow nozzles ( 3859) (^4-255)- 151

Effect of flume size, orientation and site on discharge (381+8) Ihk

Gate modification effect on gate-Parshall

flume structure (576*1) 137

Generalized design for trapezoidal venturi

flume (i4-959) 220

Parshall flumes for irrigation water (5209) 159

Roughness effects on venturi flimes (063W) 227

Submerged measuring flumes (5762) 137

Supercritical-flow flumes for flash

flows ('+336) 162

V-notch flume studies (6I4.83) 265

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENT, GATES

Tainter gates as flow measuring devices (669'+)- 37

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, HOT FILM

Applied to open-channel flow (6817) 269

Calibration techniques for flush-mounted

hot-film anemometers (6l37) 23*+ Flush-mounted film for wall turbulence

study (6568) 89 Improved apparatus for liquid use (6553) 96

Pipe flow of organic solvents (6i+05) 82

Turbulence measurements in water (6582) 8

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., TURBULENCE

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, HOT WIRE

Heat transfer characteristics of hot wires

in liquids (5IIO) 100

Improvements for use in water (68OI) 117

Wall shear stress meter, flush mounted (6l95)- 1^3

Used in liquid aerosols (6202)-- 102

Use of hot wires and films in liquids (5112)-- 101

Use of urethane- coated wires (73) 53

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, IMPACT TUBES

Effects of polymer additives (5795) HO

(66i+5) ^+1 HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, INTERFEROMETER

Density-gradient at air-water interface

measured (6l33) 233

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, IRRIGATION

Head loss in flow measuring devices (516*+) 21

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., FLUMES

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, LIQUEFIED GAS

Turbine-type flowmeters (63*4-2) 232

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHY

To obtain shear stress in free- surface

flow (5660) 52 Velocity profiles in non-Newtonian flow

(5371) 76

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW

Non-Newtonian flow effects on impact tubes

(5795) 110

(661+5) ^+1 HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, OCEANOGRAPHIC

Calibration tank for oceanographic current

meters (5793) 109

286
HYDRAULIC MEAS., OCEANOGRAPHIC (continued) Page

Cijrrent meter calibration (6^52) 236

Instruments for ocean turbulence and

microstructure (6^4-65) 21+3 Instrument for sea-floor boundary layer

measurements (6283) 1^6

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMEHTS, POROUS MEDIA FLOW

Instruments for in situ measurements of soil

moisture flow and suction (5981) I60

Nulltensiometer development (032W) 1^5 Tensiometer pressure transducer system for

studying transients (5898) '+3 Use of sound waves to determine permeability

(1+736) 11+8 HTDRAULIC MEASUREMEWTS , PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS

Miniature transducer for wall-pressure field

in turbulent flows (6II8) 1+5 Very high frequency transducer (6261+) I23

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMEHTS, PRESTON TUBE

Yaw-type tube for shear stress in 3-dimensional boundary layer ( 661+1 ) 252

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

Comparison of various bed- load measurement

techniques (6819) — 251

Development of instrimient for in-place

measurement of turbidity (3907) 191

Elbow meter to measure flow and concentration

(6566) - 65

Feasibility of capacitance- type concentration

probe (6530) ll+O Instrument for suspended- sediment

concentration measurement (67I+3) 111

Loop system for measuring sand-water

mixture (656I+) 65

Methods used in measurement of stream

sediment loads (19't-) - 112

Modified ventxjri meter for two-phase flow

(656^) - 65

Nuclear and electrical sensing devices for

sediment loads (19^+) 112

Samplers for suspended and bed loads (19^) 112

Sensor for turbulent concentration

fluctuations (6366) 58

Tests of nuclear concentration gauges (3871) — I60

Tractor-mounted suspended sediment sampler

for surf zone (266O) I83

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, SHEAR STRESS

Electrochemical techniques for shear stress distribution around cylinder (6825) '•8 Flush mounted hot film, calibration

technique (6l37) 23*+ Hot wire, flush mounted and directionally

sensitive (6l95)- — 1^+3 Microphotography used in open-channel

flow (5660)- — 52 Survey of techniques and devices used in

turbulent boundary layers (6196) ll+3 Yaw, pitch and screw-driver probes (66I+I) 252

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, SLURRIES

Using elbow meter (5I72) 63

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, STREAMFLOW

Measiorements under ice cover (6529) I'l-O Moving-boat technique for discharge (56OO) 228

VHF radio gage for stream level data (3629) 2l|-l+ See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., CURRENT METERS

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., DISCHARGE

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., FLUMES

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., WEIRS

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, SUBMERGED BODIES

Methods of measuring thrust, torque, pressures,

in water tunnel (2832) 9^

Tunnel wall interference effect on measured

force on axisyrametric body (l+l8l) 9l+

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, SUSPENSIONS Page

Elbow meter to measure flow and concentration

(6566) 65

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, TIDE GAGES

A simple resistance ga-uge (6598) 238

Frequency response and non-linear effects

(6221+)- 12

Instrument for deep-sea tides (5927) II3

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, TRACERS

Diffusion of radioisotopes injected into

pipe flow (06I+W) 227

Dispersion in selected rivers (6165) ll+l Fluorescent tracers for channel flow in

irrigation systems (5219) I63

For water yield determnation on watershed

subdivisions (5395) 21

Movement of soil water (012W) 59 Radioactive tracers for beach studies (3897) I83

Radioisotope flow measurement in high-head

turbines (06lW) (061+W) --- 227

Techniques for studying radionuclide movement

in Columbia estuary (581+2) 229

Tracers for coastal sediment (1+127) 3I See also SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, TURBULENCE

Doppler-scattering technique (655I+) 96

Electrochemical techniques for near-wall

studies (6821+) 1^8 Electromagnetic probe (3539) ll+8 (5501) - - 109

Hot wire and hot film equipment (5112) 101

Instrumentation for use in liquids (6553) 96

Instruments for analyzing aperiodic

signals (25I+I) 5I+ Optical method of high resolution (5901+) 1+5 Random signal analysis techniques (6l3li-) 231+ Spherical- head turbulence meter (IOOI+) I88

Thrust anemometer for use in air- sea boundary layer (3120) 81+ See also HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, HOT WIRE AND

HOT FILM

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, TWO-PHASE FLOW

Scattered laser light used for particle-volvime

determination (6590) 239

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, VELOCITY

Anemometry technique for accurate velocity

profiles in drag-reducing flow (6I+O6) 82

Pitot-sphere probe development (5832) 101

Ultrasonic Doppler-effeet meter (5075)-- 227

Ultrasonic meter tested under waves (977) l82

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, VISCOSITY

See ATESCOSITY HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, WATER LEVEL

Feasibility of pressure-transducer measurement

of water surface elevation (IOOI+) I88

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, WAVES

Calibration of shipborne wave gages (6607) 75 Development of height and direction gage (977)- 182

Drag gage for orbital velocity (1609) 68

Ocean surface wave properties measured by

radar from satellite (6767) 85 Photometric definition of wave surface (5817)-- 11

Soap bubbles measure wind field near water

surface (6389) --- 239

System for collecting field data at east coast stations in U.S. (660) 18I

HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, WEIRS

Culverts with added V-notch for low flows

(1,336) 162

Discharge from circumferential weirs (51+92) 25

Standard weir design for stream gaging (38I+8)-- II+I+ Submergence effect on broad-crested weir

(61+16) 73

Trapezoidal weir calibration for submerged

flow (6316) 225
HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, WEIRS (continued) Page

V-notch broad-crested weirs for low flows

(i^336) -• 162

V-notch weir; floor and sidewall effect (6I+83)- 26?

HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES

See MODELS

HYDRAULIC PROTOTYPE TESTING ('+382) 193

HYDRAULIC RADIUS

Rectangular-conduit experiments (628U) 8I

HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

Development of hydraulic design criteria

(ll^67) — 189

See also DAMS, etc. HYDRAULIC SWITCH

Application of switching techniques to control

systems (2335) 60

Perfect-fluid theory used to obtain switching

speed (6122) - 115

Switching and starting phenomena of bistable

fluid devices(6370) - —- 29

See also SERVOMECHANISMS

HYDROBALLISTICS

Tank for water entry-exit study {h86T) 237

See also WATER ENTRY

HYDRODYMAMC NOISE

Effect of addition of drag-reducing

polymer {•yk9l) - IO8

Effect of polymer additives on diffuser

separation flow noise (6796) 113

In fluid amplifiers (5913) ^5 In heart valves (5'<-T5) 88 In two-phase gas-liquid flow (i^235) 127

Micro-bubble influence (5^+99) 109

Propeller and wake noise in deep-sea

submersibles (6679) 77

Sound produced by gas bubble in pressure

field (5310) 119

Statistical properties of bomdary pressures

in acoustic wind and water tunnel (6266) 2*12 See also ACOUSTIC RADIATION

HYDRODYMAMCS, CLASSICAL

Theoretical problems in hydrodynamics (6572) 8k

HYDROELASTICITY

Fluldelastlc features of flow around

circular cylinders (5III) 100

Flutter of super cavltating flat-plate

hydrofoils (5500) — 109

HYDROELECTRIC RESOURCES

Of Idaho streams (5167)- i+3 HYDROFOIL CRAFT

Rough-water take-off resistance (5928) 119

Vibrational analysis with 3-<iimensional

unsteady effects on foil loads (6538) 122

HYDROFOILS

Cavltating delta wing (66IO) 263

Dependence of lift and drag on sweep angle

and rate (B^U-O) 122

Free-surface effect on viscous drag (6685) 80

Investigation of Kutta condition in imsteady

flow (5107) 95

Leading-edge separation on wedges {G'jh-O) 111

Load distribution for minimum Induced

drag (6551) 30

Minimum induced drag of non-planar surfaces

(6552) 30

Thrust and drag on undulating foils (6209) 23*4- HYDROFOILS, JET FLAPS

Lift Increase for ventilated foils (579^) 110

HYDROFOILS, SUPERCAVITATIWG

Effect of oscillating trailing flaps (3I53) 107

Flutter of flat-plate foils (5500) 109

Theory for three dimensional lifting foils

(14.219) 115

Unsteady forces and moments on 2-dim. foil

oscillating near free surface (5363) 26

HYDROFOILS, TEED Page

Loads In oblique regular waves (5058) II8

HYDROFOILS, VENTILATED

Dynamics of surface-piercing dihedral foils

and response in irregular waves (1+226) II8

Jet flap studies (579'+) 110

Study of boundary layer separation (1+700) IO8

Unsteady flow characteristics near free

surface {21kk) 107

HYDROGEN BUBBLE TECHNIQUE

See FLOW VISUALIZATION

HYDROGRAPHS

Analysis of unit hydrographs for small

watersheds (5l+6l)-- 129

Computer method for separation into quick and

delayed flow from small catchments (38O) 177

Design hydrographs for small Indiana

watersheds ( 281+1) — 100

Extension of role of linear systems analysis

in hydrograph theory (5117) 70

Further development of Clark method of unit

hydrograph synthesis (02l+W) 6I

Hydrodynamlc equations for surface runoff

from agricultural watersheds (1+820) 157

Mathematical simulation of hydrologic events

on ungaged watersheds (6093) 38

Recession hydrographs for unconfined,

idealized aquifers (5303) 28

Shallow-water equations used in runoff

computations (587I+) 28

Short erosion plots under simulated rainfall

(6771) - —- 98

Synthesis by water balance and routing methods

(6605) 258

Synthesis of storm runoff hydrographs from

unsteady non-uniform rainfall (5^+56) 128

See also HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS

See also RUNOFF

HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS

Analog computer use in surface and groundwater problems (5657) 51

Blue Springs Basin, Ontario (66OI+) 257

Computer simulation of semi-arid watershed

hydrology (6519)--- 138

Data for Waller Creek Watershed, Texas (2l62)- 126

Delta River (Alaska) basin (6381+) I80

Detailed digital computer model used to investigate various Interactions in

hydrologic cycle (19I+6) " 115

Drainage basin as a lumped hydrologic system

(U909) 51

Effect of vegetal manipulation on hydrology

and soil properties, southeast U.S. forests (5813) 178

Electronic analogs applied to river basin

planning (571+7) - 135

Electric analog computer simulation of total

hydrologic- economic flow system (652O) I38

Electronic analog model of river basin (51I+O)- I3I+ Electronic analog simulation, upper Colorado

Basin (6521) I38

Great Lakes - St. Lawrence basin (3O31) 18

Great Salt Lake (Oi+6w) ll+l Mathematical modeling of small watersheds

(OlOW) 1+7 Mountain watersheds in Calif. (23) 1^+ Probability and synthetic hydrology approach

to rainfall-runoff frequency relationship

(1^910) 51

Regional environments on east slope, Colo.

Front Range (006w) 25

Related to military mobility in Alaska

streams (6386) I80

Several statistical methods applied to hydrologic time series studies (231+) 20

288
HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS (continued) Page

Small desert watershed; for stock watering

ponds (3057) -- - h3

Small drainage basin, northern Alaska (6383) — 179

Synthesis of hydrologic data (l9h6) II5

Theory of design of precipitation

networks {666k) I6

Urbanization effects on small watersheds

(5^55) 128

Water budget model for Kansas Streams (021W) — 61

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

Role of overland flow (607O) 23O

HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS

Electromagnetic sensors for transpirational

water use by plants (0'4-3W) ikO

Generalized criteria for design and evaluation

of instruments and networks (6i(-20) 7*+ Improved standards for neutron soil water

meters {291h) - I78

Multiple-channel digital recording system

for field use (5606) 228

New neutron probe system speeds logging of

soil water profiles (3225) 179

Psychometric measurement of soil water

potential without precise temperature

control (5220) - 163

Studies on methods of soil water determination (05IW) 1+5 Tracer methods for water yield determination

on watershed subdivisions (5395) 21

See also SOIL WATER

HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS, EVAPOTRAWSPIRATION

Evaluation of an instrument for peat

bogs (3887) 165

HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS, RAIN GAGES

Effect of gage-network density on precipitation

description {666k) I6

Reliability of can-type precipitation gages

(5750) 136

VHF radio gage transmitters (3629) 2kk

HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS, SNOW

Lysimeter-type gage for in- site use on melting snow (6068) l6k

Methods for automatic measurement (67OI) kk

New techniques to measure water content

{OkkV) Ikl

Nuclear-radiation snow gage (6706) kk

Pressure pillow as snow measuring device

(6701) - - kk

Probes to measure snowpack density {k996) I69

Remote measuring device {3kOk) 21

Vectopluviometer for horizontal component

of wind-driven snow (6702) kk

HYDROLOGIC MODEL

Accuracy of models in reproducing hydrologic

conditions (6618) 262

A physical model for rainfall-runoff

processes (5117) 70

Techniques and model laws for laboratory

watersheds (381+5) 133

See also MODELS, ANA.LOG See also HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS

HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS

Systems analysis of runoff process (6279) ll+3 HYDROLOGY

Hydrologic atlas of Utah (653I) --- I'+O HYDROLOGY, MICROCLIMATIC (51+1+3) I3I+ HYDROLOGY, STOCHASTIC

Several statistical methods applied to hydrologic time series studies (281+6) 20

HYDROLOGY, URBAN

Optimum linear synthesis in urban hydrology

(61+21) - 71+ HYDROMA.GNETIC FLOW

Couette flow stabilized hydromagnetically (6569) 90

HYDROMETEOROLOGY Page

Maximxm precipitation, floods, etc. for

design criteria (6151+) 2l8

HYDROPLANING

Grooved-pavement effect on drainage (6286) 82

Of aircraft tires (5932) 120

Pneumatic-tire hydroplaning (669I) 37

See also PLANING

HYDROPOWER PLANTS

See MODELS

See TRANSIENTS

- I -

ICE

Convection in a uniform water layer beneath

an ice sheet (6803) 267

Dynamic ice loads on piers (6821) 251

Effect of floes on wave damping (6537) 122

Ice-cover effect on channel surges (6631) 251

In locks, see MODELS, LOCKS

Prevention and control of culvert and road

icing (053W) 181

ICE, RIVER

Effected by thermal pollution (6387) I80

Effect on ro\aghness coefficient (6567) 65

Intrusion of Montreal water supply Intake;

model study (62l+0)-- 260

Mechanics of Ice jams I8I

Model study, Bromptonvllle, Quebec (6252) 26l

Model study of St. Lawrence ice conditions

(6239) 260

Streamflow measurements under ice (6529) ll+O IDEAL-FLUID FLOW

Flow over hydraulic structures approximated

by rotational Ideal fluid (5I+52) 135 See also POTENTIAL FLOW

IMPACT

Hydrodynamics of rigid-body water Impact

(6066) 115

Landing impact of spacecraft and aircraft

(665I+) 230

Liquid drop Impact on high-speed target

(5796) 110

See also WATER ENTRY

IMPACT TUBES

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

INDUCERS

Hydrodynamlcally Induced shaft forces In three bladed Inducer (6171+) 105

Secondary flow in axial flow Inducers (5592)- 95

Study of high rise inducer stages (63I+3) 232

See also PUMPS

INERTIA COEFFICIENT

See VIRTUAL MASS

INFILTRATION

Analytic approach to unsteady unsaturated

horizontal flow In soils (3507) II6

Electrical effects on water Infiltration

into soils (6166) 99

Impedance by pressure bmld-up ahead of

wetting front (3507)- II6

Infiltrometer measurements under various

crops (1+175) 86

Prediction of field infiltration rates

(039W) — 99

Recovery of Infiltration capacity after

drainage (5307) 28

Role of infiltration in nonlinear watershed

analysis (51.1+5) 15

Short erosion plots under simulated

rainfall (6771) —- 98

Silty-water effect on infiltration in

alluvial channels (531+9) 2 Theory for unsaturated porous media (5307) 28

289
INFILTRATION (continued) Page

Theory for unsaturated media {3h-k6) IJ,^ Theory of runoff-infiltration relation (6533)- 1^+0 See also POROUS MEDIA FLOW

See also SOIL WATER

INJECTION

Velocity-profile effect on flow in straight

channel with perpendicular flow injection

(6269) 26

INLET LENGTH

Laminar and turbulent flow, entrance of two- dimensional channel (610^4-) 89 See also PIPE FLOW

INLETS

Pumping-plant inlet transition design (63OI) — 222

See also MODELS, INLETS

INLETS, COASTAL

Bypassing and navigation study of Jupiter

Inlet, Florida (6759) 33

Coastal engineering study, Macquarie

Harbour, Tasmania (5686) 32 Field study, Hillsboro Inlet, Fla. (hkT^) 3I

Field study. Lake Worth, Fla. (hk'Jh) 31

Fire Island, N.Y., inlet channel stablization

model (6028) - 205

General studies of inlet velocities and

shoaling (5229) 195

Navigation and sand bjrpass, St. Lucie Inlet,

Fla. (6752) 32

Sand by-passing methods past inlets (975) I8I

Sand tracing program to evaluate natural

and artificial bypassing (6757) 33

Stability of inlets; field study (3^13)- 31

Tidal flow in basins in communication with

the sea (6851) 211

See also MODELS

INLETS, DROP

Closed-conduit spillway inlets (1723) 156

Hydraulic characteristics (5597) I'^-S INLETS, STORM-WATER

Capacity as function of road grade, crown

slope, flow width (609I) 67

INLETS, TUNNEL

See TUNNELS

INSTRUCTION

Computer-aided teaching in hydraulics and

hydrology {6h22) --- 7h

Experiments for undergradmte fluids course (583O) 101

Fluid mechanics films (3739) 5^

Laboratory equipment for undergraduate

course i^k-Sk) -- 101

INTAKES

Air-vent computations for emergency closure

(6320) 225

Performance of high towers with multiple

laterals (6658) 16

INTAKES, POWER PLANT

Optimum diameter and height for submerged

vertical shaft (62i)-5) 26l

Optimum shape and submergence of penstock

intakes (6 321+) 226

Vortex suppressors for Outardes h project,

Canada (62i4-6) 26l

INTAKES, PUMPED- STORAGE PLANT

Flow patterns during various phases of

operation; model (65OO) 151

Vortex development at turbine intakes;

model (6723) 21+7 INTAKES, PUMPING PLANT

Flow patterns at Tehachapi, Calif., plant

(6661) 16

Intake transition design comparison (1+951+) 220

INTAKES, WATER SUPPLY Page

City of Montreal, protection of intake from

ice intr\ision (621+0) 260

INTERFACE, AIR- SEA

See AIR-SEA

INTERFACE, LIQUID-VAPOR

See TWO-PHASE FLOW

INTERNAL CURRENTS

See STRATIFIED FLOW

INTERNAL WAVES

See WAVES, INTERNAL

IRRIGATION

Advance and recession of furrow irrigation

stream predicted by hydrodynamic

routing (51+79) 125

Automation of water distribution for

surface irrigation (5567) 158

Compilation of information on small farm

irrigation structures (5130) 133

Design, performance and automation of surface

systems, upper Colo, basin (I+827) 157

Efficient application by surface flooding

(1J.661+) - 83

Flow measurement with flumes, tracers,

elbow meters (5219) I63

Head loss in flow measuring devices (516I+) 21

Hydraulics of surface irrigation (51+1+9) 135

(51+79) 125

(5752) -- - 136

Methods of water measurement and control

(5209) 159

Physical and economic analysis of alternate

irrigation methods in a sub-humid climate

(035W) 87

Practices and systems for improving farm and

district irrigation efficiency in the

northwest (5570) - 159

Relation of pumping lift to economic \ise of

groundwater for irrigation (6703) 1+1+ Saline and sodic soil and irrigation water

problems, Rio Grande plain (5985) l63

Sprinkler system design and operation in

the northwest (3550) I58

Surface and subsurface systems for coastal

California (1+853) - 1^3

Surface system design and automation in the

northwest (3553) — I58

Watershed management practices affecting

irrigation water supplies (5395) 21

Water reqxalrements and use, farm- size

units (6115) — 86

IRRIGATION, DITCHES

Durability of concrete lining (5I+71) 86

IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE

Drain tile effect on soil salinity (1819) II+ Optimum drain spacing for sloping irrigated

land (6317) 225

IRRIGATION, PIPES

Durability of pipe and concrete ditch

lining ( 51+71) 86

Water hammer in pipe systems (6097) : 251+ IRRIGATION, SPRINKLERS

Sprinkler system design and operation in the

northwest (3550) 158

Sprinkler- system evaluation in extensive

irrigation (6III+) 86

- J -

JET FLAPS

See HYDROFOILS

JETS

Boundary effects on Jets introduced

horizontally near reservoir free surface

(6189) 52

290
JETS (continued) Page

Effect of Jet oscillation on spreading

(6271) 26

Erosion of concrete by high-velocity jets

(1+791) 219

Gas jet impinging on liquid surface (6II3) 59 Mixing of gases in liquid Jets (6558) 96

Necessity for three-dimensional analysis of

neutrally stable Jets (673I) 2 Reattachment at low Reynolds No. (5537) lh2, Reattachment, see also FLUID DEVICES

Velocity and kinetic energy distribution of

jet submerged in stilling basin (5'+69) 8I

Vortex-flow influence on Jet deflection (6ll2) 59 JETS, BUOYAJW

See PLUMES

JETS, COAXIAL

Coaxial Jet mixing problem (6395) 3 JETS, ENTRAIWMEWT IN Air entrained during impact of free jet into

pool of similar liquid (675O) 112

A.s effected by boundary disturbances (6268) 26

Mass entrainment mechanism near the exit

(6267) 26

Oscillation of jets; effect on spreading

(6271) 26

Wall- curvature effect on wall jet (61)-56) 272

JETS, HIGH SPEED

Rock tunneling with high speed water Jets utilizing cavitation damage (6650) h2

JETS, IN AMBIENT FLOW

Diffusion of two-dimensional jet in opposing

stream (6823) 257

Round turbulent jets discharged into cross flow (6815) 268

Turbulence structure of Jet in coaxial

stream (6360) 57

Two-dimensional turbulent jet in a parallel

flow (639*+) 3 JETS, LAMINAR

Laminar wall Jet on curved surfaces (6393) 3 Velocity profile as function of nozzle

shape (6192) Ih3

JETS, RADIAL

Velocity profile and decay meas"urements in

radial jets {6k73) 179

JETS, STABILITY

Boundary stability and its effect on entrainment (6267) 26

JETS, THREE-DIMENSIONAL

Mean flow of non-circular jets (6637) 252

JETS, TURBULENCE

See TURBULENCE

JETS, WALL

Annotated bibliography (6638) 252

Boundary layer stabilized hydromagnetically

(6569) 90

Curvature effects on entrainment and heat

transfer (614-56) 272

Diffusion in wider channels (6636) 252

Effect of initial gap on flow over plane and

curved walls (614-55) 272

Effect of step-wise suction on mean flow

and wall shear (68l2) 268

Flow immediately below submerged sluice

gates (6632) — 251

Flow over moving wall (rotating cylinder)

(61+57) - 272

Laminar wall jet on curved surface (6393) 3 Plane turbulent reattached wall jets (6631+) 252

JETTIES

Model tests of jetty stability, Humboldt

Bay, Calif. (6866)-- - 211+ See also BREAKWATERS

JOURNAL BEARINGS Page

See LUBRICATION

- K -

KARMAN VORTICES

See WAKES, VORTICES

KUTTA CONDITION

Rapidly oscillating hydrofoils (5IO7) 95

- L -

LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

See FACILITIES

LAKE ERIE

Dynamic model study (60I+5) 5 LAKE HURON

Level control with sills in St. Clair

River (5233) 196 LAKE MICHIGAN

Erosion study, Illinois shore (1863) 1+6 LAKE SUPERIOR

Drift-bottle study of surface currents (6053)- 87

lykthematical model for circulation (5791) ll+9 Relation of whitecapping to wind speeds

(6052) 87

LAKES

Circulation, see CIRCULATION

Hydrology of Great Salt Lake (Ol+6w) - ll+l Model for thermocline development (6621+) il^g

Overturning induced by introducing warm

water at bottom (6625) II+9 Techniques of modeling thermal stratification

(55i^'J-) 71 LAMINAR FLOW

Energy transport and dissipation in separation

zones (5909) 56

Laminar flow surrounding finite rotating disk

at high Reynolds number (6IOI) 89 Radial flow between parallel plates (6155) '^O Unsteady flow between plates, rotating

cylinders, and in tubes (6051) 1 See also BOUNDARY LAYER, LAMINAR

See also VISCOUS FLOW

LANDSLIDES

Groundwater movement in landslides (5368) 1+3 LANGMUIR CIRCULATION

See CIRCULATION, LAKES

LEE WAVES

See WAVES, INTERNAL

LIFTING BODIES

Nonlinear interaction of two lifting bodies

(651+7) 30 LIFTING SURFACE THEORY

Load distribution on non-planar surfaces to produce minimum induced drag (655I) 30

Minimum induced drag of non-planar surfaces

(6552) 30

Used to determine steady and unsteady

propeller forces (6535) 121

See also HYDROFOILS; WINGS

LIQUEFIED GAS

Turbine flowmeters, liquid hydrogen (631+2) 232

LIQUID-LIQUID FLOWS

Interfacial area in two-phase flow in pipes

under continuous turbulent conditions

(6785) 99

Single drop breakup in developing turbulent

pipe flow (678I+) 112

See also DISPERSIONS

LIQUID METALS

Bubble growth and collapse in problem of

sodium superheat (6ll+7) 79

Helical and spiral groove seal performance in

liquid sodium (63I+5) —-- 232

291
LIQUID METAiS (continued) Page

Hydrodynamics of journal "bearings in

liquid sodium {63hk) 232

LIQUID PROPELIANTS

Atl£i.s vehicle feed system dynamics (6337) 231

Outflow residuals for interconnected

sperical tanks (6336) 23I

Weightlessness effect on outflow from

tanks (6340) 231

See also SLOSHING

LIQUID SLOSHING

See SLOSHING

LIQUID SODIUM

See LIQUID ^ETALS

LIQUID-VAPOR

See TWO-PHA.se FLOW

LITTORAL PROCESSES

Effect of groin system on rate of littoral

movement (2190) - l82

Field measurements of longshore velocity,

Nags Head, N.C. (5325)

Littoral drift by combined wave and current

action (i^898) -- 32 Littoral drift traced. Cape Kennedy, Fla.

(5281) - - 32

Regional studies of Atlantic coast. New

Jersey to Cape Charles, Va. (2192) l82

Review of available theory sind data on longshore currents (583'*-) 3.814- Synoptic field measurements of entire

littoral processes—sand, waves, tides,

winds (6762) - 33

See also EEACH EROSION

See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

LOCKS, (FILLING AND EMPTYING SYSTEMS)

Culvert outlet basin investigations (6023) 203

Prototype culvert pressure tests, Greenup

Locks, Ohio R. (521+2) 196

Studies to provide new culvert design

information (1+602) 195

See also MODELS, LOCK

LOCKS, (NAVIGATION CONDITIONS AT)

See MODELS, LOCKS

LOGGING

Effect on streamflow, Oregon Cascades (1+758)- I67

Effects on Alaska salmon streams (265I+) 168

Log-passing devices at dams (59'*-6) 256

LOGGING, HYDROLOGIC EFFECTS

See HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS; SOIL VfATER; STREAMFLOW; WATER YIELD; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

LONGSHORE CURRENTS

See CURRENTS

LOW-GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT

See ^EIGHTLESSKESS

LUBRICATION

Journal-bearing hydrodynamics, water and

liquid sodium (631+1+) 232

- M -

MAGNETOHYDRODYMMICS

See ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW

MANIFOLDS

Flow in flash-distillation plant manifold

(6319) - 225

Heavy-water circulation in reactor (625I) 26l

Pumplng-plant discharge line studies (6662) — 16

MASS TRANSFER

Across air-water interface cy evaporation

and spray (6225) II6

Effect of turbulence promoters on transfer

through laminar boundary layer (657I) 90

From liquid film to hot gas stream (6219) 103

In SO2 - air-water system (6676) 77

MEANDERS Page

See RIVER CHANNELS, MEANDERS

METERS

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

MINING

Development of telescoping tubes for solution

(5886) 23

Hydra\ilics of solution cavities (5887) 23

Reduction in surface mining damage to forest resources (07IW) 165

MIXING

Grid towed through stratified liquid (6362) 58

Mathematical model of exchange characteristics

of Texas bays (595^) 130

See also DISPERSION; DIFFUSION

MIXING CHAMBER

For waters of different qualities (5865) I6

MODEL LAWS (FOR)

Air demand in partly full water pipes (5339) 221

Artificial roughness In movable bed models

(5684) 32 Cavitation damage (6651) 1+2 Dispersion in rivers (661+9) 1+1 Equilibrium profile of beaches and study of

model scale effect (181) 181

Flow into sub- soil drains (5892) 23

Laboratory watershed models (381+5) 133

Liquld-sloshlng experiments (6295) 3*^- Permissible limits of model distortion (99^+) I87

Scale and distortion effects In wave models

(1002) 188

Scale effects In rock protective structure

(5906) - - 55 Scale effects in wave passage through porous

structure (5818) 11

Scale effect on rubble-breakwater stability

tests (2681) 189

Simulation of low- gravity slosh (6655) 17

Techniques of modeling thermal stratification

in lakes (55^*+) 71

MODELS, ANALOG

Aquifer in Miami Basin, Ohio (61+61+) 19

Canal system model for feedback control of

gates (6222) —- 12 Electronic analogs applied to river basin

planning (57^+7) - 135

Electronic analog model of river basin (51I+O)-- I3I+ Reservoir-drawdown effect on groundwater

storage (6212) 235

Runoff from small watershed areas (6516) I38

Runoff prediction, Reynolds Creek Watershed

(6517) —- 138

Seiche simulation and prediction for harbors

(6087) — 67

Simtilatlon of effects of urbanization on small-watershed runoff (6522) 138

Simulation of salinity flow system, iipper

Colorado Basin (6521) 138

Simulation of semi-arid watersheds (6519) I38

Simulation of total hydrologic-economic flow

system (652O) I38

Stream-aquifer system (I+IO6)- 20

Tsunami analysis by electric analog (6132) 233

Water exchange feasibility between Bear and

Jordan rivers, Utah (6518) I38

MODELS, BAY Chesapeake Bay comprehensive model (681+9) 211

San Diego Bay model (6852) 212

MODELS, BEACH

Beach alignment study, Waikiki, Oahu (607I+) 1+0 MODELS, BLOOD FLOW

Arterial system for brain (I+II+3) ^+9 MODELS, EREAKVJATER A-frame floating type (61+32) 269

292
MODELS, BREAKWATER (continued) Page

Caisson- type; floating (Sk^l) 269

Ferry-ramp protection, Hornby Island,

Canada (Sk^O) 269

Pontoon-type floating breakwater (61+29) 269

Protection of Interstate Route 35 along

Lake Superior (671+8) 112

Rubble-mound stability at Burns Waterway

Harbor, Indiana (6863) 211+ Rubble stability, Hilo Harbor tsunami

barrier (60I+O) 208

Scale effect on rubble-breakwater stability

tests (2681) 189

Stability of navigation opening structure,

Hilo Harbor tsunami barrier (6039) 208

Stability of rubble breakwater, Noyo Harbor,

California (6OI6) 202

Tetrapod and rubble-mound coverings (6229) 259

Transmission of waves through rubble, Dana

Point harbor, California (563I+) I98

Wave transmission through breakwater at Santa Barbara Harbor, California (601I+) 202

MODELS, BRIKE PIPING

Between evaporators (6318) 225

MODELS, CAUSEWAY

Stability against wave action, P.E.I.

,

Canada (6230) - 259

MODELS, CHECK TOWER

See CHECK TOWER

MODELS, COASTAL INLET Bypassing and navigation study of Jupiter

Inlet, Florida (6759) - 33

Fire Island, N.Y. , inlet channel stabilization

(6028) 205

Navigation and sand bypass, St. Lucie,

Florida (6752) 32 MODELS, COOLING-WATER DISCHARGE

Chesapeake Bay as affected by Calvert Cliffs

nuclear plant; model (6515) 153

Discharge canal, head loss in intake and

drop structure (650I+) 152

Discharge channel at Big Bend power

station (6502) -- --- 152

Discharge channel into Lake St. Croix (51+91+)-- IO8

Effect on Susquehanna R. near Conowingo;

Peach Bottom nuclear plant (6513) 153

Open flume design for returning water from

cooling tower to intake (6720) 21+7 Outlets to insure uniform velocity

distribution (65O3) 152

Potomac R. tidal effect on Morgantown

plant cooling water (65II+) 153

See also COOLING WATER

See also POLLUTION, THERMAL

MODELS, DAM

Castaic Dam, California, diversion and

release system (6659)

Clay Crk., Colo., dam effect on I965 flood

(6I+78) 21+1+ Comprehensive model. New Don Pedro Dam,

California (61+1+6) 271

Demolition of Hales Bar dam, TVA (671I+) 21+6 Dtincan Dam (Canada) components (61+1+0) 271

Kaysinger Bluff Dam, Osage R., Mo. (6033) 206

Log-passing devices (591+6) 256

Mica Dam (Can.) spillway, approach channel,

chute and outlet works (61+ 36) 27O

Wickajack Project overall model (5OOI+) 2l+5 Tocks Island Dam, Delaware R., Pa., general

model study (681+7) 211

MODELS, DIFFUSER

For mixing of condenser water in river (6I+18)- 73

MODELS, DIVERSION TUNNEL

Mica Dam (Can.) river diversion and closure

(61+31+) — 269

MODELS, DIVERSION TUNNEL (continued) Page

Mica Dam (Can.) t\mnel exit structijres

(61+35) 269

MODELS, DREDGE PUMP

Cavitation studies (5550) 61+ Performance studies (517^+) 61+ MODELS, DROP SHAFT

Various shaft designs with variations in

discharge and tailwater (67I+7) 112

MODELS, DROP STRUCTURE

Control structure on Little Sioux R. , Iowa

(1+599)— — — 195

Gering Valley Project, Nebraska (3915) 192

Low-water weir tests for riprap stability,

Boeuf R., La. (687I) 215

On San Gabriel River, Los Angeles County

Flood Control (6880) I86

Sandusky River improvement, Ohio (56I+I) 199

Walnut Creek, Calif., project (6031) 206

MODELS, ENERGY DISSIPATOR

Baffled chute, Conconully Dam (6325) --- 226

Bucket and jump types considered for West

Point Dam, Georgia (603O) 205

DeCordova Bend, Brazos R. (6181) I30

Flip bucket, ElVado Dam outlet works (58I+8)-- 222

For large culverts (6221) 12 See also ENERGY DISSIPATORS

See also MODELS, STILLING BASINS

See also STILLING BASINS

MODELS, FISH CONTROL

Tehama-Colusa Canal fish concentrator (63IO)- 221+ Velocity barrier in canal for spawning-fish

control (6311) 221+ MODELS, GATES

Closure forces on turbine intake gate (6722)- 2l+7 Flow through gate structures; calibrations and

vibrations (67I+5) 111

High-pressure slide gate, Morrow Point Dam

outlet works (5335) 221

Nickajack turbine intake gates (591+3) 2l+5 Quick-closing emergency gate for coolingwater conduits at Paradise Plant (TVA)

(6721) 21+7 MODELS, GRIT-REMOVAL CHAOTEL (5805) 111

MODELS, HARBORS

Barber's Pt., Oahu, deep draft harbor (6073)- 1+0 Breakwater protection of docking facility

(61+33) 269

Brunswick, Ga., shoaling study (56I+8) 200

Charleston, S.C., pollution study (56I+O) 199

Crescent City, Calif., wave action (60I+I) 208

Expansion of Kawaihae Harbor, Hawaii (6867)-- 211+ Hilo Bay beach erosion study (5^95) 1+0 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii, seiching study (589I+) 1+0 Kewalo Basin and Ala Wai Harbor, Hawaii, wave action study (6038) 207

Mission Bay, Calif., wave action study

(6868) 215

Modifications at Port San Luis, Calif.

(6869) 215

Navigation and wave action at Monterey,

Calif. (6018) --- 202

New Biiffalo, Mich., wave action study (6037)- 207

Santa Barbara, Calif., breakwater system

(6011) 201

Shooters Island removal. New York Harbor

(6853) 212

Small-boat harbor, Dana Point, Calif. ( 561+2)- 199

Stability of navigation opening structiure

Hilo Harbor tsunami barrier (6039) 208

Vancouver, B.C. tidal current changes due

to dredging and causeway (625O) 260

Wave action at Noyo Harbor, Calif. (6OI5) 202 Wave protection for Vermilion Harbor, Ohio

(6870) 215

293
MODELS, HELE-SHAW Page

For aquifer recession hdyrographs (5303) 28

MODELS, HURRICAI^E SURGE

' Effect of barrier on navigation in East

Passage, Narragansett Bay, R.I. (3590) 190

Galveston Bay area, Texas (6025) 20k

MODELS, HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS

Aubrey Falls dam and tailrace (6167) 258

Guri project, Venezuela {k20l) IO8

Hells Canyon training-wall vibration (5521) ikk

Wanticoke Generating Sta., Canada (6168) 259

MODELS, HYDROLOGIC

See HYDROLOGIC MODELS and MODELS, AMLOG

MODELS, ICE JAM

Bromptonville, Que., flushing system (6252) 26l

MODELS, INLET

Canal-tunnel junction, optim-um inlet

geometry (6326) 226

Hydraulics of drop inlets (5597) 1^4-8 Pumping-plant inlet transition design (63OI) — 222

MODELS, INTAKES

Bear Creek (TVA) intake towers (67I7) 2k6

Circulating water pximp intake, Willow Glen

steam plant (5971) I5I

Flow patterns at Tehachapi (Calif.) pumping

plant (6661) - 16

High intake tower performance, Castaic Dam,

California (6658) - 16

Little Panoche Crk. detention dam outlet

works (53^7) — 222

Manicouagan 5 hydroelectric project (5513) 256

Montreal water supply intake; ice protection

(62i+o) - - 260

Nanticoke Generating Station (6168) 259

Northfield pumped- storage plant (65OO) 151

Portage Mt. Dam (Can.) power plant (61^38) 270

San Luis Forebay pumping plant inlet canal

transition ('+95'+) 220

Submerged vertical shaft, Iddiki plant {62k^)- 26l

Turbine intake flow patterns, Raccoon Mt. project (TVA) (6723) 2kl

See also MODELS, OUTLET WORKS

MODELS, JETTY

Stability tests, Humboldt Bay, Calif. (6866)-- 2li+ MODELS, LAKES

Dynamic model study of Lake Er:e (60I+5) 5 MODELS, LOCKS

Ice- flushing and hydraulic-assist flows,

Beauharnois Locks, Canada (6236) 260

Ice-flushing and hydraulic-assist flows

St. Lambert Lock, Canada (6235) 260

MODELS, LOCKS (FILLING AND EMPTYING SYSTEMS)

Chaffeys Lock Wo. 37> Rideau Canal, Canada

(6233) - 259

Cordell Hull Lock, Cumberland R., Tenn.

(5650) — -- 200

Dardanelle Lock, Arkansas R. {SQ'yk) 212

Lock culvert outlet basin study (6023) 203

Modernization of McAlpine Locks, Ohio R.

(391^+) - 192

Montgomery Lock, Fox R., Illinois (6095) k6

Newboro Lock No. 36, Rideau Canal, Can.

(6231+) 260

Newbury Lock, Ohio R. (6858) — 213

Nickajack Project filling valve-culvert

(5387) - 2!+5 Nickajack Project main lock (5386) 21+5 Optimum port arrangement for low- lift locks,

Arkansas River (i+603) 195

Ports for Welland Locks, St. Lawrence

Seaway (6237) --- 260

MODELS, LOCKS (NAVIGATION CONDITIONS)

Belleville Locks and Dam, Ohio R. (1+385) 193

Cannelton Locks and Dam, Ohio R. (1+390) I93

MODELS, LOCKS (NAVIGATION CONDITIONS) Page

( continued)

Columbia Lock and Dam, Omchita R., La.

(^+595) 19k

Hannibal Locks and Dam, Ohio River (3909) 191

Holt Lock and Dam, Warrior R., Ala.,

including spillway performance (I+386) 193

Jones Bluff Lock and Dam, Alabama R. (602l+) — 20l+ Kaskaskla R., 111., navigation project

(6855) 212

Kerr Lock and Dam, Arkansas River (5251) 197

Lock and Dam Ho. 3, Arkansas River (1+391) I9I+ Lock and Dam No. 1+, Arkansas River (5230) I96

Lock and Dam No. 1+, Monongahela River ( 321+3)- 190

Lock and Dam No. 7, Arkansas River (5639) 199

Lock and Dam No. 8, Arkansas River (6022) 203

Lock and Dam No. 9, Arkansas River (5638) I98

Lock and Dam No. I3, Arkansas River (6856) 212

Lock and Dam No. II+, Arkansas River (6020) 203

Lock and Dam No. 17, Verdigris R., Okla.

(6021) - — -— 203

Lock and Dam No. 26, Miss. River (6857) 213

McAlpine Locks and Dam, Ohio River (2678) I90

Millers Ferry Lock and Dam, Ala. R. (1+593) '^9k Ozark Lock and Dam, Arkansas R. (523I) I96

Smithfield Locks and Dajn, Ohio R. (6859) 213

Webbers Falls Lock and Dam, Arkansas R. (5652) 201

MODELS, MANIFOLD

Flow in flash-distillation plant manifold

(6319) 225

Tehachapi (Calif.) p-umping plant (6662) I6

MODELS, MOVABLE BED Artificial roughness in movable bed models

(568I+) - 32 Frazer R., Canada, navigation draft needs

(621+1+) _ _ 260

Shoaling on Frazier River (61+1+3) 271

MODELS, OCEAN

Rotating model, Antarctic Ocean circulation

(6085) - 62

MODELS, OUTLET WORKS

Auxiliary outlet at Tiber Dam (6328) 226

Beltzville Dam, Pa.; selective withdrawal

investigation (6838) 209

Branched Oak Dam, Nebraska (603I+) 206

Chatfield Dam, S. Platte R, , Colorado;

performance of duckbill crest (6839) 209

Intake, tunnel and stilling basin, Howard

Hanson Dam, Washington (6878) I85

Lower Two Medicine Dam (6 302) 223

Mica Dam (Can.) low level outlet (61+35) 269

Morning glory intake, Eau Galle, Wise.

(6017) -- 202

Morrow Point Dam spillway, outlet works

(1+807) - 220

Naperville Dam, Illinois (609I+) 1+6 New-Hope Dam, Cape Fear Basin, N.C. (681+1+) 2IO

Selective withdrawal weir, Meramec Park

Reservoir, Mo. (681+3) 210

Summerville Dam, W. Va. , Howell- Bunger

valve (687I+) - 216

MODELS, PENSTOCK

For third Grand Coulee powerplant (6323) 226

Northfield pumped storage plant (65OI) 152

MODELS, POWERPLANT

Third plant, Grand Coulee (6322) 225

MODELS, PUMPED STORAGE PLANT

Cornwall Plant, Hudson R. (65IO) - 153

Intake and tunnel flows, Jocassee Plant

(6512) 153

Intake and tunnel flows, Kinzua Project

(6511) 153

Northfield plant, Connecticut R. (61+99) 151

29k
MODELS, RIVER Page

Arkansas R. navigation model (3908) I9I

Colvnnbia R. near Bonneville Dam, navigation

condition study (6879) I85

Confluence of Arkansas, Verdigris and Grand

rivers (6861) 213

Connecticut R. "between Vernon Dam and

Turners Falls {6k99) 151

Delaware River, from bay to Trenton (^+25) 187

Frazer R., Canada, movable bed model for

navigation draft needs {62hk) 260

Housatonic-Waugatuck rivers at Ansonia-Derby,

Conn. (6860) 213

Hudson R. cooling-water effect from steam

plant (6509)- - 152 Ice conditions on St. Lawrence (6239) 26O

Illinois River flood relief (SJi*-?) k6

Improvement of San Gabriel R. for Los Angeles

County flood control (6880) 186

James R., Va., channel improvement effect on hydraulic and salinity conditions in

estuary (5651) 200

Kaskaskia R., 111., navigation project (6855)- 212

Mississippi Basin model, flood tests (236) I86

Navigation conditions, Arkansas R. near

Little Rock {'^Gkh) - 200

Navigation conditions, Ft. Smith reach,

Arkansas R. (6OI9) 203

Navigation conditions in Van Buren reach,

Arkansas R. (6862) 211*- Pneumatic-barrier effect on salinity

intrusion in Delaware R, (6029) 205

Potomac R. tidal effect on cooling water from

Morgantown steam power plant (651't) 153

Sand bar formation blocks mouth of Corazones

water channel, Puerto Rico {676k-) 33 Sand-clay mixtures for cohesive-bed meander

model (6198) 102

Shoaling in Columbia R. estuary (1^396) 19k- Shoaling study, Frazer River (Ghk-^) 27I

Submerged sills in St. Clair R. to raise

Lake Huron level (5233)-- I96

Tidal reaches of the St. Lawrence (6602) 2614- Turtle Creek, Pa., channel improvement (^4-383)- 193

Umpqua R. estuary, Oreg., shoaling (6026) 204

Wabash R., power-plant cooling-water

effect (6506) - 152

Yaguez River, Puerto Rico; effect of offshore

sand bar near mouth on flood flow (6763) 33

MODELS, RIVER BASIN

Electric analog, Miami R. Basin, Ohio {6k-6k)-- 19

See also HYDROLOGIC MODELS

MODELS, SAND DREDGE

Feasibility study of wave-powered dredge

(5836) l8i+ MODELS, SEAWALL

Stability of seawall, Texas City, Tex. {'^23k)- 196

MODELS, SEWER

Vancouver, B.C., interceptor sewers (Gk-kh) 271

MODELS, SHIP

Bending moments on cargo ships in waves

(3516) 118

MODELS, SHIP CHANNEL

Channel -diking effect in Lake St. Peter

between Montreal and Quebec (6228) 259

Flusing system to remove oil and debris,

Victoria Channel, Texas (5636) 138

Gastineau Channel, Alaska, shoaling (6027) 20^+ Houston Ship Channel, Texas (52'+5) 197

Lower Columbia River, shoaling (h'i9(>) 19't- Matagorda Bay, Texas (391I) 191

Proposed Lake Erie-Ontario waterway (5653) 201

Shoaling at entrance channel to Galveston

pAy, Texas (3912) 192

MODELS, SHIP CHANNEL (continued) Page

Shoaling in Delaware R. channel to Trenton

(^425) 187

MODELS, PUMP WELL

Cayuga Steam Power Plant, Ind. (6507) 152

Point Beach (Mich.) nuclear power plant

(6508) 152

MODELS, REACTORS

Heavy-water circulation (6251) 26l

MODELS, SPILLWAY

Apron design for Tellico project, TVA

(6724) - --- 2i+7 Bankhead Dam, Ala., cavitation study (6036) 207

Bear Creek (TVA) morning glory (6717) 2k6

Bucket shapes and settings tested. Peace

River (6243) 260

Castaic Dam, California (6657) 16

Cedar Springs, Calif., spillway and outlet

works (6660) 16

Crystal Dam, overall flow conditions (5846) 222

DeCordova Bend, Brazos, R. (6181) 13O

Dvmcan Lake Development, Canada; stage-discharge curve for various gate openings

(6242) -- 260

Emergency chute for Bear Creel- (TVA) (6718) 247

Erosion at Patillas Dam, Puerto Rico (5845) 222

Erosion studies for Bartlett Dam (6308) 223

Flow with large upstream velocity, Outardes 3 project, Canada (6248) 26l

General hydraulic studies of various crest shapes (3917) 193

Glen Elder Dam, hydraulic performance (5346)-- 221

Glory-hole type, Del Valle Dam (5864) 15 Guri project, Venezuela (4201) I08

Hugo Dam, Okla. , spillway, stilling basin

and effect of downstream bridges (68iJl) 209

Huntington Reservoir, Wabash R. , Ind. (5232)-- I96

Kaw Dam, Arkansas R. , Okla. (6842) 209

Kettle Dam, Manitoba (6445) 271

Kinkaid Creek Dam, 111. (5656) 46

Lower Two Medicine Dam (6302) 223

Mangla Dam, Pakistan (3502) 107

Morrow Point Dam spillway, outlet works

(4807) 220

Nickajack Project discharge rating (3588) 245

Ninety degree spillway, Nockamixon Dam (655?)- 64

Polpitiya ( Ceylon) dam spillway and scour protection studies (624l) 260

Portage Mt. Dam, Canada (6439) 270

Rend Lake reservoir. Big Muddy R. , 111.

(6845) 210

Shelbyville Dam, Kaskaskia River, 111. spillway and outlet wor'fs (459't-) 195

Tims Ford flip-bucket spillway (59'<5) 245

Tims Ford Project chute-type spillway (67II) 246

Toledo Bend Dam (5956) I30

Two Lick Creek Dam spillway, radial gates and

erosion patterns below spillway (656I) 65

West Point Dam, Ga. , concrete overflow (6030)- 205

Yellowtail Dam tunnel-type (6329) 226

MODELS, STILLING BASINS

Abrasion at Navajo Dam (6304) 223

Copan Dam, Okla. , stilling basin and riprap

stability (6840) 209

Crystal Dam outlet works (5847) 222

Design procedures for USER Type VI (6309) 224

Kinkaid Creek Dam, 111. (5656) --- 46

Napervllle Dam, Illinois (6094) 46

Lower Two-Medicine Dam (6302)-- 223

South Saskatchewan Dam (6442) 271

Spillway and stilling basin, Hannibal Dam,

Ohio R. (5646) 200

Tocks Island Dam, Delaware R., Pa. (6847) 211

Willow Glen steam plant '5970) I5I

See also MODELS, ENERGY DISSIPATROS

295
MODELS, SURGE TANK Page

For California Aqueduct penstocks (6663) I6

Head losses thro\jgh restricted orifices

(6822) — 257

Head losses through restricted orifices,

Manicomgan 5 project (59^7) 256

Performance of Outardes 2 and Manicouagan 5 surge tanks {62k9) 26l

MODELS, TAILEyVCE CHANMEL

South Saskatchewan Dam {6hk-2) 271

MODELS, TRAINS

Cross-wind effect on train in wind tunnel

(6123) — -- 115

MODELS, WAVE ACTION

Design criteria for wave filters in harbor

models (1002) - I88

Laboratory simulation of sea waves {'^h-'^k) II6

On proposed island site for combined nuclear

reactor and desalting plant (6583) 8

Protection against wave and surge runup at nuclear plant site (6753) 32 Scale and distortion effects (1002) 188

Section of Mass. Bay modeled to protect

nuclear power plant from storm waves (65O5)- 152

Tsunami -barrier plans for Hilo, Hawaii (3903)- 190

Tsunami run-up at Oahu, Hawaii (5896) k-0 Wave-protection structiares for Chagrin River,

Eastlake, Ohio (6864) 21k

See also MODELS, HARBOR; MODELS, BREAKWATER

MOMENTUM EQUATION

For solid-fluid systems (6270) 26

MORPHOLOGY, RIVER

See RIVER CHANNELS

MOUNTAIN WAVES,

See WAVES, INTERNAL

MULTI -PHASE FLOW

Thermal conductivity predicted from values for

each component (6672) 77

See also TWO-PHASE FLOW

- N -

NEUTRON METERS

See SOIL WATER

See HYROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS

NOISE

See ACOUSTICS

See HYDRODYMMIC NOISE

NONLINEAR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS (l<-562) 9

NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS

Bingham fluids in pipes (37^7) 63

Computational models based on discretizations

of diff. eqs. (636I) 57

Drag reduction effects; stability theory

(6171) — 79

Effect of Bingham-Body fluid on pumping

(308lf) — - 63

Elastic -behavior and wall effects on drag

reduction; high polymers and micellarelectrolyte systems (6391) 83

Head loss of non-Newtonian suspensions and

fluids in pipes (6469) 96

Laminar and turbulent boundary layer

experiments (5795) 110

Relation between deformation of suspended

particles and non-Newtonian behavior (6667)- 76

Similarity solutions developed (6357) 57

Slurry flows in pipes (374-7) 63

Solid-waste pipeline flow (64-70) 96

Stability, between rotating coaxial cylinders

(5710) — 60

Taylor instability in Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluids (6737) 111

Taylor vortices between concentric rotating

cylinders (5^96) -— IO8

NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS (continued) Page

Turbulence theory for second-order fluid 95

Turbulent heat transfer in viscoelastic

fluids (5960) 147

Turbulent shear flow analyzed using gross

effective viscosity (6768) 89

Uniform imsteady flow between plates, in

pipes and annuli (6361) 57

Velocity-distribution measurements at low

Reynolds numbers (5371) 76

NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW, VISCOELASTIC

Experiments on free turbulence in viscoelastic

fluids (6645) —- 41

Similarity laws and stability (6379) 35 Visco-elastic flow in tube entrance (6469) 96

Viscoelastic stresses in dilute polymer

solutions (4868) 241

NOZZLES

Hydrodynamic forces on submerged hose-nozzle

combinations (5885) 23

Transonic nozzle, thrust control with

swirling flow (6062) 238

See also HYDRAULIC MEAS., FLOW METERS

NUCLEAR EXCAVATION

See CANALS

NUCLEAR REACTOR

Heavy-water circulation, manifold and vortex

problems (625I) 26l

- 0 -

OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, OCEANGRAPHIC

OCEANOGRAPHY

Determination of scale at which synoptic

analysis is feasible (6475) 244

Mixing and diffusion, see DIFFUSION

Ocean circulation, see CIRCULATION

Ocean currents, see CURRENTS

Oceanographic research tower at Navy

Electronic Lab. (6372) —- 242

Sea-bottom boundary layer and sediment

transport (6283) 146

Study of fine scale of sea temperature

(6289) 113

Thermoclines, see THERMOCLINES

Turbiaence in ocean, see TURBULENCE

l^per layers, see AIR-SEA INTERFACE

Use of satellites for obtaining data (6767) — 85

See also AIR-SEA INTERACTION

See also BEACHES

See also TIDES

See also WAVES

OCEANOGRAPHY, FORECASTING

Field studies for development of ocean forecasting model (6593) 238

Numerical dynamic model for deep-ocean

forecasting (6409) 65

OCEAN STRUCTURES

See STRUCTURES

OIL-WATER INTERFACE

Stability of immiscible liquids (6448) I8

OIL-WATER SEPARATION

Influence of turbulence (6621) 149

OPEN- CHANNEL FLOW

Analysis of complex systems (5861) 15

Capacities of large concrete canals on flat

slopes (062W) --- - 227

Collection-trough design for condenser

cooling water (6720)- 247

Division by side weirs (5740) 8I

Dynamics of flow in steep, rough channels

(3183) -- 132

Effect of stationary surface film (6376) 26

Ice cover effect on surges (663I) 251

296
OPEN-CHAUUEL FLOW (continued) Page

Permissible limits of model distortion

(99^+)- - — 187

Rainfall effect on turbulence and sediment

capacity in shallow flows (5U78) 125

Reaeration as function of channel, flow, and

other factors (6071) 23O

Secondary currents in corner of triangular

channel (4-531) 27

Slug flow, steep channels (5360) 7 Surface characteristics of air entrained

flow in steep channels (38214-) IO8

OPEN-CHATOEL FLOW, BACKWATER CURVES

Computer analysis of effects of approximations (i|-66l) 81

OPEN-CHANWEL FLOW, BENDS

Resistance differences between fixed and

erodible beds {6},'pk) 56

River bend cross-sections statistically

related to flow and sediment parameters

(5^38) 11

See also MEAITOERS See also RIVER CHAMtELS

OPEW-CHAMEL FLOW, CONSTRICTIONS

Relation between upstream depth and

constriction depth (6751) 112

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, DISPERSION

See DISPERSION, RIVER

: OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, FLOW MEASUREMENT

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, FLUMES

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, OVERBANK

Hydraulics of meandering rivers with flood

plains (14-191) 100

(6198) 102

Manning n for vegetation-lined flow (4337) l62

Uniform flow and flood waves in channelflood plain geometries (6197) 101

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, RESISTANCE

Air entrainment effect on friction (6288) 82

Bend resistance-channel geometry-sediment

transport relations (6354) 56 Cobble-strewn stream roughness; effect of

cobble shape (518IB) 93

Dune and free surface effects (6523) I39

Flow with cubical roughness elements (5534) — 142

Friction factors for sand bed channels

(6617) 58

Head loss in irregular channels from nuclear

excavation (6873) 2l6 In alluvial channels (5I65) 21

Large roughnesses in steep channels (3183) 132

(5533) 142

large-scale roughnesses (6398) 125

Large spheres used as roughness elements

(6524) - - 139

Manning n for cobble-strewn beds (518IA-B) 93

Manning n for vegetation-lined flow (4337) l62

Prediction of friction factor for duned

beds (5118) 70

Relation of bed forms to friction (4075) 6

Roughness in natural and artificial

waterways (6565) 65

Temperature effect on bed forms (I988) I89

Turbulent flow structure related to resistance

for movable boundary case (56IO) 228

Various rough surfaces at different slopes

and depths (6285) -- 82 See also ALLUVIAL CHANNELS

See also BED FORMS

See also ROUGHNESS

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, ROLL WAVES

Development of roll waves in steep open

channels (5360) —- — 7 Surges, roll waves in steep, rough channels

(5957) —- —- —- 1^2

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, SHEAR STRESS Page

Distribution obtained by microphotography

(5660) — 52 Free-surface shear flow over wavy bovmdary

(6364) - - - 58

See also OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, RESISTANCE

OPEN- CHANNEL FLOW, SUPERCRITICAL

Design of transitions (6207) 94

Diffusion of a supercritical stream on a stagnant pool (6642) 253

Method of characteristics applied to simple

transition (656O) 65

Transitions, theory and experiment (6399) 125

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, SURGES

See SURGES

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, TRANSITIONS

Air and water models of warped transitions

(5861) —- - 15

Circular pipe flow to rectangular supercritical

open channel (2386) IO7

Experiments on subcrltlcal-flow expansions

and contractions (5348) 2 Method of characteristics applied to simple

supercritical-flow transition (656O) 65

Rectangular-to-trapezoldal supercritical

channel flow (6207) 94

Theory and experiment, supercritical flow

(6399) — 125 Use of simple expansions with selected

inserts (5348)- 2 OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, TURBULENCE IN

See TURBULENCE

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, UNSTEADY

Flow in channel systems analyzed numerically

(5825) 72 Simulation by digital computer (669O) 36

Steady and imsteady effects on discharge in

river connecting two reservoirs (6567) 65

OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, WAVY BOUNDARY

Shear flow characteristics over sinusoidal

boundary (6364) 58

OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Benefit-cost inventory for water-resource

analysis (6177)- ~ 27

ORIFICES

Flow through multiple orifices of arbitrary

size and shape (6427) 244

Flow through wall ports in corrugated metal

pipe (6715) 246

Head losses through restricted surge tank

orifices (5947) 256

(6822) 257

Used in automatic gate control (4802) 220

OSCILLATING BODIES (AT FREE SURFACE)

Forced oscillations of circular and

U-cylinders (63OO) 14

OSCILLATIONS, FLOW INDUCED

See VIBRATIONS

OUTLET WORKS

Auxiliary outlet at Tiber Dam using drop

inlet from existing outlet (6328) -— 226

Prototype measurements on gated intake and

tunnel, Nolin Dam, Ky. (5243)- — — I96

See also MODELS, OUTLET WORKS

OVERBANK FLOW

See OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, OVERBANK

OVERFALLS

Flow characteristics of rectangular free

overfall (664o) 252

OVERLAND FLOW

Difference solutions of shallow-water

equation (5874) 28

Influence of stochastic surface impressed

agents (5294) 91

Mannings equation for shalJLow flow (4664) 83

297
OVERIAUD FLOW (continued) Page

Manning n for vegetation-lined flow C+SST) — l62

Modeling urban runoff (511?) TO

Rainfall effect on turbulence and sediment

capacity (5^78) 1^5

Rainfall effects on flow as factor in soil

erosion (6l99) - 102

Role in hydrologic cycle; effectiveness as a landscaping agent (6O70) 23O

Short erosion plots under simulated rainfall

(6771) - - 98

Solution to unsteady spatially varied flow

equations (OlOW) '4-7 Spatial behavior of roughness in laboratory

watersheds (028w)(029W) 82

Theory, as related to surface irrigation

(5752)-- —- 136

See also SHEET FLOW

OXYGEN, DISSOLVED

Reaeration in open-channel flow (607I) 230

Temporal and spatial variation of dissolved

oxygen and b.o.d. in steady, uniform

streamflow (6769) 8'^- Temporal and spatial variations when hydraulic

parameters vary with space and time (6770)- 8'+ See also AERATION; REAERATION

OXYGEN TRANSFER

See AERATION

See BIO-MEDICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

- P -

PARSHALL FLUME

See HYDRAULIC MEAS., FLUMES

PAVEMENT

See DRAINAGE

PENSTOCKS

Entrances, elbows for third Grand Coulee

plant evaluated (6323) 226

Intakes, entrances, transitions; optimum

configurations {632k) 226

Losses for various alignments and section

changes; model (65 01) 152

Resonant characteristics of generalized

penstock system (6321) 255

PERISTALTIC PUMPING

See BIOMEDICAL HYDRODYMAMICS

PERMAFROST

Construction of water supply and sewage

facilities in permafrost areas (05^W) 18I

Thermal calculation techniques for change

in frost level (052W) I8I

PERMEABILITY

Annotated bibliography (5599)--- 227

Electrokinetic effects in fine sand ( 1+209 ) IO8

Evaluation of lab. and field methods (5599)-- 227

Flow table study of flow patterns in non- homogeneous porous medium (6732) 2 Use of sound waves to determine porous-medixim

permeability (k-l^G) 11+8 See also POROUS MEDIA FLOW

PESTICIDES

Effect on surface and groundwater quality

(Of+OW) — - 98

PHKEATOPHYTES

Determining water use by phreatophytes (657B) 17^

PIERS

Wave pressure on underside (633^) 236

See also DOCKS

PIERS, BRIDGE

See BRIDGE PIERS

PILES

See WAVES, FORCES

PIPE FLOW, ANNULAR Page

Concentric annuli of different diameter

ratios (614-58) 272

Turbulent flow in concentric and eccentric

annular conduits (6llt-0) 50

Turbulent helical flow in an annulus {kT3k) Xk8 PIPE FLOW, BENDS

Flow losses and vibrations in elastic pipes,

bellows, bends (6065) llh PIPE FLOW, BRANCHED PIPES

Disturbed laminar flow due to branches (6623)- 114-9 Effect of branches on laminar stability

(1^559) 1^9 Wave reflections in branched flexible

conduits (6ll4-2) 50 PIPE FLOW, CAPILLARIES

Dispersion mechanism in capillaries (6331) 19 PIPE FLOW, CAVITATION

See CAVITATION

PIPE FLOW, COMPLIANT WALLS

Experiments on drag reduction in turbulent

flow (14-892) 218

PIPE FLOW, DISPERSION IN

See DISPERSION

PIPE FLOW, ENTRAINMENT IN Entrainment of ambient still fluid through

ports in submerged pipe flowing full (I4-725)- 114-5 PIPE FLOW, EXITS

Effects of free jets, aprons, and wall flares

(2514-3) 63

Pressure fluctuations at abrupt expansion

(79) 53

Stable eddies at abrupt expansions (l875) 53 PIPE FLOW, FITTINGS

Dist-urbed laminar flow due to fittings (6623)- II4-9 Head loss in spherical and conventional wyes

(i4-l+5l) 253 PIPE FLOW, FLEXIBLE TUBES

Hydrodynamic forces on submerged hose-nozzle

combination (5885) 23

Peristaltic -pmping research (6IO8) 75 Pulsatile and steady blood flow (6138) 19

Pulsatile flow in distensible tubes (I4-859) 78

Turbulence damping with foam dampeners (6083)- 97

Wave reflections in branched flexible pipes

(61I1-2) 50 PIPE FLOW, GAS DUCT

See GAS DUCT

PIPE FLOW, HEADERS

See HEADERS

PIPE FLOW, INLET LENGTH

Turb-ulence properties used to determine start

of established flow (6697) 38

Visco-elastic flow in tube entrance (6I4-69) 96 PIPE FLOW, JUNCTIONS

Flow in large pipe- junction structures (5865)- I6 PIPE PLOW, LAMINAR Disturbed laminar flow due to fittings (6623)- 114-9 Immersed single-particle drag and motion in

pipe flow (6280) 114-3 Friction factors and pressure drop .for sinusoidal flow of blood and water in

rigid tubes (6138) 19

Poiseuille flow stability to three-dimensional

disturbance (6263) 123

Tube containing line of spherical particles

(605I4-)- ~ 25 PIPE FLOW, LOSSES

See PIPE FLOW, RESISTANCE

PIPE FLOW NON-NEWTONIAN

See NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW

PIPE FLOW, OF SOLIDS

Solid waste pipeline hydrodynamics (6I4-7O) 96 PIPE FLOW, OSCILLATORY

See PIPE FLOW, UNSTEADY

298
PIPE FLOW, PERMEABLE WALL Page

Self-ejecting boundary layer flows (6273) 26 PIPE FLOW, RECTANGULAR PI^E

Friction factor and equivalent diameter

(628^) - 81 PIPE FLOW, RESISTANCE

Concentric and eccectric annular conduits;

turbulent flow (6lIj-0) 50

Effect of vibrations on friction factor

(6493) — 12k

Flow losses and vibrations in elastic pipes,

bellows, bends (6065) Ilk

Flow of non-Newtonian suspensions and

fluids {6k69) 96

Friction factor, equivalent diameter for

rectangular conduits {628k) 81

Laminar, sinusoidal flow of blood and water

(6138) - — 19

Oscillatory laminar and turbulent flow in a tube (6107)--- -Jk Ro-ughness due to aquatic growth (5827) 80

Slurry flow (37^-7) —- 63 PIPE FLOW, ROTATION EFFECTS

Influence of rotation on flow in long

rectangular channel (68OO) 1 1 7 PIPE FLOW, SECONDARY FLOW

Effect of natural convection on horizontalpipe flow (6827) k8

PIPE FLOW, SUSPENSIONS

See SUSPENSIONS

PIPE FLOW, SWIRLING

Decay of swirling turbulent, imcompressible

flow in long pipes (688I) 217

Swirling flow in tubes and vortex breakdown,

adverse pressure gradient (6059) 237 PIPE FLOW, TRANSIENTS

Characteristics methods applied to control

of gas distribution systems (6*1-25) 78

Computerized s\irge computations for pipeline

system (06OW) 227

Propagation of disturbance in fluid lines

(1+197) 103

Reservoir-conduit interaction with quickacting valve (61+68) 61

Resonance in complex pipe systems (k^kS) 78

See also SURGES, PRESSURE; WATER HAMMER

PIPE FLOW, TRANSITION

Stability of Poiseuille flow to 3-<iimensional

disturbance (6263) 123 PIPE FLOW TURBULENT

Dispersion of injected chlorine solution

(671+6) 112

Heat and momentum transport at wall (6568) 89

Heat transport with internal heat sources (6109)- - — 59

Regimes of rough-pipe flow delineated in

terms of roiaghness geometry (553*+) l'<-2 Turbiilence struct\are in rough porous

conduits (5823) -- 7I

Wall-pressure fluctuations in pipe flow of

polymer solution (6587) 2l+l Wall-pressure fluctuations, measurement

and analysis (6266) 2l+2 Wall-roughness effects on turbulence

structure (3I+27) — - i+9 With sinusoidal boundary (6365) 58 See also TURBULENCE, PIPE FLOW

PIPE FLOW, UNSTEADY

Frequency-dependent friction in pulsatile

flow (1+859) 78

Friction factors and pressure drop for

sinusoidal flow of blood and water in

rigid tubes (6138) 19

Laminar flow with varying pressure gradient,

analysis (6051) 1

PIPE FLOW, UNSTEADY (continued) Page

Local unsteadiness from polymer injection

(6695) 38

Skin friction for laminar and turbulent

oscillatory flow in a tube (6IO7) 7I+ PIPE FLOW, VIBRATIONS

See VIBRATIONS

PIPE FLOW, WAVY BOUNDARY

Structure of turbulent flow (6365) 58

PIPELINES

Resonance in complex systems (1+91+6) 78 Wave forces on submerged pipes (61+21+) 78

PIPE NETWORKS

Minimimi-cost design ( 55^+0) 7I

Water hammer in irrigation systems (6097) 25!+ PIPE SYSTEMS

Model of brine piping between evaporators

(6318) 225

PIPES, CORROSION

See CORROSION

PLANING

Pneumatic-tire hydroplaning (669I) 37

Non-linear free-surface planing theory

(61+50) — — 18 See also HYDROPLANING

PLUMBING

Cross-connection control research (1+9) III+ Reliability of backwater valves in plumbing

systems (l+Oi+3) 256

PLUMES, BUOYANT

Discharge into flowing or stratified ambient

flow (1+561) — 6

Dispersion of buoyant smoke plumes from high

stacks (6105)-- 7i+ Mixing induced by introducing warm-water

plume into reservoir (6625) 11+9 Smoke dispersion modeled in wind tunnel

boundary layer (6816) 269

Spreading of warm water discharged from

channel near surface of cold lake (67^+2) 111

POISEUILLE FLOW

See PIPE FLOW, LAMINAR POLLUTION

Charleston Harbor, S.C., model study of

waste dispersion (56I+O) 199

Dispersion of pulp mill wastes at ocean outfall (6775) 92

Effect of pesticides on water quality (Oi+OW)- 98

Electrokinetic removal of pollutants from

water (66OO) 126

Flushing system to remove oil and debris,

Victoria Channel, Texas (5636) I98

Theory for dispersion in porous media (I+916)- 115

See also RADIOACTIVE WASTE

POLLUTION, ATMOSPHERIC

Buoyant plumes from smokestacks, dispersion

(6105)— 7k

Chimney stack discharge; wind tunnel

tests (6811+) 268

Smoke dispersion modeled in wind tunnel

boundary layer (6816) 269

POLLUTION, ESTUARY

Numerical solution of unsteady estuary

dispersion equation (1+6^+8) 69

See also ESTUARIES

POLLUTION, GROUNDWATER

See GROUNDWATER

POLLUTION, RADIOACTIVE

See RADIOACTIVE WASTE

POLLUTION, RIVER

Finite-difference modeling of river and

estuary pollution (677O) 81+ Mechanics of river and estuarine dispersion

(6223) 12

299
POLLUTION, THERMAL Page

Cooling-water discharge into St. Croix

Eiver {5^9h) 108

Diffusion and exchange of heat discharged

into rivers {k8QX) 2i+5 Effects on river ice (6387) I80

Reduction "by t\arbuLence stimulation in

rivers (573?) 25

Stream temperatures in TVA (769) 2kQ

See also COOLING-WATER DISCHARGE

See also MODELS, COOLING-WATER DISCHARGE

POLYMERS

Effect of additives on impact tubes (5795) 110

Effect of dilute polymers solution on flow

noise (5^9?) IO8

Effect of drag-reducing polymers on wave damping in tank (6829) ^8

Effect of polymer additives on diffusion

separation flow noise (6796) 113

Effect of polymer coiling on drag reduction

(5291) - 1^+7 Effect on impact -tube measurements and grid

turbulence {66h3) kl

Hydrodjmamics of polymer solutions; bulk

properties of macromolecular solutions

(661J-5) hi

Viscoelastic stresses in dilute polymer

solutions (it-868) 2kl

Viscosity measurement of polymer solutions

at extreme shear (6678) 77

Viscosity of polymer solutions (6h08) 82

See also DRAG REDUCTION, ADDITIVES

See also NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW

PONDS

Colloidal materials for seepage control in

Nevada canals and ponds (3558) I63

Properties of soil used for bottoms of

wastewater stabilization ponds (O^J-IW) II3

See also RESERVOIRS; LAKES

PONDS, STOCK-WATERING

See RESERVOIRS

POROUS-MEDIA FLOW

Contribution of partially saturated zone in

drainage of fine-textured soil {h826) I57

Diffusion of entrapped gas in response to interfacial energy (589I) 23

Displacement of a fluid by a second fluid,

observed in models (6781) 99

Effect of external air pressure when medium

contains trapped air (5903)

Electrical streaming potential developed in

porous media water flow (6166) 99

Electrokinetic potential in soil capillaries

(51^50) 135

Flow of colloidal suspensions in porous

media (O36W) 91

Friction factor vs. Reynolds number (5902) 1+14- From canals to groundwater table (032W) I4-5 Gravity and viscous-induced instabilities

in porous media displacements (678I) 99

Influence of physical properties of fluid

and medium; laminar and turbulent flow

(620k) 2k

Movement of water and gases in soil (012W) 59

Won-Darcian movement of soil water (ij-679) 98

Permeability determination in non-homogeneous

media; flow-table study (6732} 2 Probability laws for pore size distribution

(5306) 28

Relaxation solution for non-homogeneous non- isotropic media {332k) 127

Seepage patterns to wells for unconfined

flow (OI3W) - 59

Silt-carrying water in porous media (5820) 12

POROUS-MEDIA FLOW Page

Solution of Dupuits equation for threedimensional free-surface seepage (6151) lk3

Solutions for steady-state free-surface

seepage in non-homogeneous media (6527) I39

Solutions of seepage through complex media

by finite elements (6693) 37 Subsoil water flow into drainage facilities

(5897) —- ^3

Theory and experiment on microscopic and

macroscopic aspects of flow (k'J&'j) 227

Theoretical, lab. and field study of specific

yield and related properties (3263) 227

Theory of flow into vertical sink (OI3W) 59

Two-fluid radial flow in heterogeneoios

media (6782) 99

POROUS MEDIA FLOW, DISPERSION IN

Conservative pollutant in non-homogeneous

media (5790) — - ll|.8

Development of numerical methods (37^8) 68

Diffusion and dispersion of coastal groundwater (6259) 86

Dispersion and permeability in antisotropic

media (6782) 99 In heterogeneous anisotropic porous media

(6783) 99 In packed beds, using random-walk model

(5170) - k3

Lateral dispersion of contaminants (62l6) 122

Mixing and spreading of fluids and solutes

{k086) Ik

Stratification effects (5OI3) 6

Theory for pollutant dispersion in two

dimensions (il-916) II5

POROUS MEDIA FLOW, PAKCED BEDS

See BEDS

POROUS MEDIA FLOW, PERMEABILITY

See PERMEABILITY

POROUS MEDIA FLOW, STRATIFIED

See STRATIFIED FLOW

POROUS MEDIA FLOW, TRANSITION

Laminar-to-turbulent transition (5902) kk

Turbulence initiation in bed of spheres

(6826) — ^8

POROUS MEDIA FLOW, UHSATURATED

Analytic approach to unsteady horizontal

flow in soils (3507) - II6

Effect of external air pressure when medium

contains trapped air (5903) hk

Groundwater flow in capillary zone (5816) 3.1 Infiltration theory, unsaturated media (5'+^6)- 13^*- Methods of measuring flow and hydraulic

properties in -unsaturated zone (58^1) 229

Model laws for partially saturated flow (5892) 23

Movement of water and gases in soil (012W) 59

Partially saturated flow in sand-epoxy resin

columns {k62'j) 1

Relation between capillary pressure and degree

of saturation in sand columns (^4-627) 1

Unsaturated flow in soils and filters (5798)-- 110

Variation of seepage coefficient with degree

of saturation (5798) —- 110

POROUS MEDIA FLOW, UNSTEADY

Approximate solutions for non-steady vertical

drainage of soils ( 598l) I60

Effect of bank clogging on flow into a stream (ij-736) 1^8

Effect of initial capillary pressure (5898) k3

Gravity drainage of initially satiarated

soil columns (5508) 257

Measurements in ground-water tank and HeleShaw apparatus (6^+62) 19

Radial flow toward well for 2-layered and

anisotropic ^^quifers (5839) ^28

300
POROUS MEDIA FLOW, UNSTEADY (continued) Page

Unconfined flow toward a well {k^36) 1^8

Unsaturated flow under influence of impressed

pressure (3507) ll6

Well drawdown in unconfined aquifer (673'*-) 92

POTENTIAL FLOW

Around bodies of arbitrary configuration

(65^8)-— 30

Around ship forms (2091) 'yk Computer program for flow around 3-d.imensional body (63714-) 3k

Nonlinear interaction of two lifting bodies

in arbitrary unsteady motion (651+7) 30 Sluicegate, irrotational potential flow

(6078) 80

Spillway, Irrotational potential flow over

toe curve (6077) 80

Transient, two-dimensional flow of perfect

incompressible fluid in free surface

flow (6122) - 115

See also LIFTING SURFACE THEORY

POWERPLANTS

Third plant for Grand Coulee, model (6322) 225

See also HYDROPOWER

See also MODELS, HYDROELECTRIC

PRECIPITATION

Analysis of physical state properties of

precipitation (03IW) h3

Cloud-seeding experiments, Utah (5750) I36

Data analysis by computer (008w) 1+7 Data for Tennessee Valley (768) 21+8 Hydrometeorological research for design

criteria (6I5I+) — 2l8

Maximum possible precipitation in Tennessee

Valley (779) — 21+8 Review of data for selected Minnesota

watersheds (5799) 110

Theory of design of precipitation networks

(6661+) 16 Use of weather radar to predict storm

runoff (59^+0) 126

See also RAINFALL

PRESSURE WAVES

In solid-liquid suspensions (6275) 61

Surrounding expanding sphere in water (61+8l) — 132

See also SHOCK WAVES

See also SURGES, PRESSURE

PRESTON TUBE

See HYDRAULIC MEAS.

PROPELLANTS

See LIQUID PROPELLANTS

PROPELLERS

Aerodynamic coefficients and dynamic derivatives for ducted propellers (59*+!) l'+2 Performance of tandem propellers in roll

control of underwater vehicles (6179) 27

Rudder-propeller interaction (5937) 121

Self-excited vibration theory for propeller

singing (5936) 121

Shrouded propeller theory (1+1+31+) 21+0 Steady and time-dependent forces and moments

from lifting-surface theory (6535) 121

Three-dimensional boundary layer study (6681)- 77 Thrust deduction calculation for axisymmetrlc bodies (6586) 21+1 Unsteady loads in non-uniform three-dimensional flow (5938) — — 121

Unsteady loads on ducted propellers and

nozzles (5935) 121

PROPELLER- BODY INTERACTION

Thrust deduction calculation for axisymmetric

bodies (6586) 21+1 PROPULSION

Propellers, see PROPELLERS

Savonius rotor, see SAVONIUS

PROPULSION (continued) Page

Swimming bodies, see FISH PROPULSION

PROPULSOR BLADES

Effect of surrounding liquid on blade

vibrations (6557) 96

PULP WASTE

Dispersion at ocean outfalls; airphoto

study (6775) 92

PUMP WELLS

Cayuga (ind.) steam power plant; model (6507)- I52

Point Beach (Mich.) nuclear power plant;

model (6508) 152

PUMPED STORAGE DEVELOPMENT

Cornwall Plant (Hudson R.) operation related

to tides; model (65IO) I53

Effect on river of modes of plant operation;

model (61+99) 151

Intake and tunnel flow, Jocassee project

model (6512) - 153

Intake and tunnel flow, Klnzua model (65II) 153

Intake flow pattern during various phases of

operation (65OO) I5I

PUMPING PLANTS

Tehachapi ( Calif.) plant models (6662) I6

PUMPS

Axial-flow two-stage pump with tandem-row

inlet stage (63I+3) 232

Discharge-pressure oscillations in high

pressure pumps (6050) 153

Discharge pressure oscillation, study of

various sources(6l75) 105

Radioisotope flow meas\;irement (06lW)(061+W) 227

Testing in air to reduce costs (6176) IO6

Testing 12-in. two-stage deep-well turbine

pump (61+79) 2^^ PUMPS, CAVITATION IN Effect of impeller modifications on dredgepump cavitation (5550) 61+ Spectral analysis, pump cavitation noise

(6380) - 35 Water- jet apparatus for increasing suctionpipe pressures (6779) 93

PUMPS, DREDGE

Effect of design parameters on cavitation

(5550) 61+ Efficiency of silt-clay-water pump (I+I5I+) 63

Gas removal systems for centrifugal pumps

(5822) 61+ Improving design for pumping silt-clay-water

mixtures (3081+) 63

Literature survey on suction dredging (5173) — 61+ Performance tests on scale model (517^+) 61+ PUMPS, HEART

See BIO -MEDICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

PUMPS, INDUCERS

Tandem row, high-head pump inducer (661+8) 1+1 See also INDUCERS

PUMPS, SUMPS

See SUMPS

- R -

RADIAL FLOWS

Laminar radial flow of viscous fluid between

parallel plates (6155) 1+0 Radial jets, see JETS

RADIOACTIVE VJASTE Occurrence, transport, and disposition of

radionuclides in Columbia River (581+3) 229

Removal from condenser cooling water at Browns Ferry project, TVA (67I3) 2l+6 Techniques for studying radionuclide movement

in Columbia estuary (581+2) 229

301
RAINDROPS Page

See RAINFALL, RAINDROP EFFECTS

See DROPS

RAINFALL

Environmental effects, Colo. Front Range

(oo6w) - 25

Synthesis of rainfall data {l9k6) 115

Synthesis of short-time-increment rainfall

sequences (511?) 70

See also PRECIPITATION

RAINFALL, RAINDROP EFFECTS

Effect on overland flow (6199) 102

Effect on turbulence and sediment capacity

of shallow flows (5i^78)--- 125

Impact effect on sheet flow (6191) 53

Raindrop size and energy related to soil

erosion {3^2h)-

RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONS

See RUNOFF

RAIN GAGES

See HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS

RANDOM SIGNAL ANALYSIS

Comparison of techniques (613*+) 2^k

REACTORS

Ebullient bed catalytic reactor (6671) 7^

REAERATION

Characteristics of fixed-cone dispersion

valves (6729) - 2k8

Containment structure for fixed-cone

dispersion valves (6719) ^k'J Correlation of turbulent diffusion character

istics with river reaeration capacity (5688) 1^4-1 Open-channel flow reaeration as function of

flow, channel, and other factors (607I) 23O

River reaeration at gated structures (6k6l) I8

Selected natural rivers (6165)

Turbulence effect on surface reaeration

(5661) 52

See also OXYGEN, DISSOLVED

RECESSION, STREAM

See STREAMFLOW

RECHARGE, GROUNDWATER

See GROUNDWATER

RECOIL

Hydrodynamics of rifle recoil (37^0) 55 RECTANGULAR CONDUIT

See PIPE FLOW, RECTANGULAR PIPE REFRACTION

See WAVES

REGIME THEORY

Regime hydraulics and geomorphology of rivers

of variolas types (6820) 25I

Text collating field and lab. research (663O)- 25I

RESERVOIRS

Chemical sealing methods {'^kOO) 21

Field study of mixing and dispersion (5953) 129

Flow patterns induced by jet introduced

horizontally near free surface (6l89)(6l90)- 52 Linings for desert stock-watering ponds (3057) ^+3 Sedimentation of TVA reservoirs (785) 2i*-9 Sediment deposition in western Iowa and

Missouri (5708) 59 Water temperatures, TVA (769) 2k8

RESERVOIRS, DRAWDOWN

Transient effects on groundwater storage

(6212) — 235

RESERVOIRS, EVAPORATION

See EVAPORATION

RESERVOIRS, SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL

See RESERVOIRS, STRATIFIED

See STRATIFIED FLOW, SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL

RESERVOIRS, STRATIFIED

Computer simulation for selective withdrawal

(6778) 92

RESERVOIRS, STRATIFIED Page

Effect of size and shape of orifice on selective withdrawal {68k6) 210

Internal currents from intermediate-density

inflow to stratified reservoir (61I4-8) lk-3 Measurements of cyclic changes of various

water properties in deep stratified

reservoirs (6712) 2k6

Model for temperature structure of lakes

(6624) — 11+9 Stratified flow effect on water quality

(O56W) 227

Temperature field as function of inflow,

outflow and other factors (618O) I30

Turbid releases associated with thermal

stratification (63lll-) 22k- Thermal stratification as affected by inflow

and outflow (61+17) 73

Vertical mixing by introducing warm water

at bottom (6625) ll+9 Withdrawal, with linear density profile

(I+56I) 6

REVETMENTS

See EROSION, EEACH

RIPPLES, SAND BED

See BED FORMS

RIPRAP

Design nomogram for stability (6818) 25I

Erosion characteristics of riprap and gravel

(1987) 189

Stability under wave action (6486) I85

Stability at Copan Dam, Okla.; model (68I+O) 209

Stability in straight and curved trapezoidal

channels (6875) 2l6

See also BREAKWATERS, RUBBLE-MOUND

See also JETTIES

RIVER BASINS

Electronic analogs applied to river basin

planning (57^+7) 135

Electronic analog river-basin model (5l40) 134

Systems analysis and mathematical models

in basin development (5II5) 70

See also WATERSHED ANALYSIS

RIVER CHANNELS

Assessment of effects of engineering

interference (6619) 262

Bank seepage effect on flood hydrograph (022W) 6I

Bank storage during floods (3428) 54

Bend cross-section statistically related

to flow and sediment parameters (5^+38) 11

Channel morphology in the southern plains

(4341) 162

Discharge as fimction of bed geometry and

superelevation (4283) 156

Factors affecting stability of artificial'

and natural channels (O58W) 227

Improvement, see CHANICL IMPROVEMENT

Morphology and stability of southern

California channels (5584) I63

Morphology and stability of stream channels in

southwestern semiarid rangelands (6836) I63

Morphology of stream channels in New England

(4285) 156

Processes of stream channel development in

the northeast (4283) 156

Relations between gross flow properties and

channel deformation (4283) 156

Roughness, sediment transport and shear

distribution in natural channels (295O) 227

Stream channel morphology and stability (4317) I6I

See also CHANNELS, STABILIZATION OF

RIVER CHANNELS, MEANDERS

Bend resistance-channel geometry- sediment

transport re lations (635^) - 56

Statistical field study of meanders (6198) 102

302
RIVER CHANNELS, MEANDERS (continued) Page

Hydraulics of meandering rivers with flood

plains (klSl) 100

RIVER FLOW

Breakup of heat stratification by tiorbulence

stimulation (5737) 25

Computer simulation models of physical,

chemical and biological aspects of

Duwamish River (6833) II+6 Delta development above detention dams

(5566) — 158

Discharge as function of bend geometry and

superelevation {k-283) I56

Effect of back filling near an island,

Riviere des Prairies, Canada (6253) 26l

Effect of ice on St. Clair R. roughness

(6567)- — 65

Offshore sand bar near mouth--effect on water

elevation of river in flood (6763) 33

Regime theory; text collating field and

laboratory research (6630) 251

Relation of bed forms to friction {k07^) 6

Roughness in natural waterways (6565) 65

Sand bar formation blocks mouth of Corazones

water channel, Puerto Rico (676*4-) 33 Steady and unsteady effects on discharge

in river connecting two reservoirs (6567) — 65

Turbulent mixing in natural streams (5689) l^l

See also MODELS, RIVER

See also OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW

See also STREAMFLOW

RIVER FLOW, DISPERSION IN

See DISPERSION

RIVER FLOW, OVERBANK

See OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, OVERBANK

RIVER FLOW, REGIMES

See REGIME THEORY

RIVER ICE

See ICE, RIVER

RIVER MODELS

See MODELS, RIVER

ROCK SAUSAGES

Criteria for use in erosion proofing (6377)-- IO6

ROLL WAVES

See OPEN CHANNEL FLOW, ROLL WAVES

ROTATING DISK

See BOUNDARY LAYER

See LAMINAR FLOW

ROTATING FLOWS

Between parallel disks (57*4-1) 103

Coupled inertial-Coriolis effects on atmospheric turbulence (6615) h

Influence of rotation on flow in long

rectangular channel (68OO) II7

Large-amplitude motions in non-homogeneous

and rotating flows (6169) 79

Over irregular surface topography (6368) 28

Rossby waves in a rotating annulus ('4-737) 150

Scattering of disturbance on free surface

of rotating liquid (5738) 25

Stability of parallel shear flow subject to rotation (67OO) 77 ROTATIONAL FLOW THEORY

Circulation-preserving rotational flow (6l26) 233

Unsteady three-dimensional rotational

flow with vortex stretching but no diffusion (6l26) 233

Unsteady three-dimensional rotational flow

with vortex stretching and diffusion (6127) 233

ROUGHNESS

Artificial roughness in movable bed models

(568I+) —- 32 Bed Forms, See BED FORMS

Bottom-ro\aghness effect on turbulence in

free- surface flow (60*4-9) 5

ROUGHNESS (continued) Page

Boundary layer growth on ship-hull plates

(5939) - ~ - 121

Cobble-strewn stream roughness studied using

cylinders, parallelepipeds (518IB) 93

Effect on open-channel turbulence (513I) 133

Effect on regime of turbulent pipe flow

(553i^) li+2 Friction factors for sand bed channels

(6617) 58 In natural and artificial channels (6565) 65

Large scale roughness in open-channel

flow (6398) 125

Lift and drag on isolated cubical roughness

elements (5758) 137

Mean velocity and fluctuations near sandroughened surface (I4-625) 1 Observed forms of bed roughness in an unstable gravel river (6820) 25I

Of watersheds and conceptual river systems

(il906) 50

Open-channel flow experiments on various rough

surfaces (6285) 82 Size and shape effect on drag observed in

circular air tunnel ( 560*4-) 228

Spatial behavior of roughness in laboratory

watersheds (028w)(029W) 82

T"urbulence structure near rough porous

wall (5823) - — - 71

Wind stress and ocean surface roughness

(66*4-14-) I4-I See also OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, RESISTANCE

See also PIPE FLOW, RESISTANCE

ROUGHNESS, WAVY

Free-surface shear flow over wavy boundary

(6364) 58

Shear stress distribution along waves by

electrochemical methods (6825) *4-8 Turbulent pipe flow, wavy boundary (6365) 58

RUNOFF

Effect of forest-cover control, Mississippi

(291*4) 178

Effects of sagebrush control, Wyoming

watersheds (3569) 175

Flood runoff reduction from glaciated mountain

areas of New England (067W) I65

Flood rimoff reduction in northern

Appalachian Mt. region (068w) 165

From small watershed in Mississippi River

flood plain (5915) - 66

Great Lakes - St. Lawrence basin (3O3I) I8

Long-time fluctuations in stream runoff

correlated with sunspots (3522) 127

Methods of estimation being developed from

plot data obtained under natural and/or

sim\J.ated rainfall (3808) 97

Nonlinear prediction problem in study of

runoff cycle (51*45) 15 Peak flows, small drainage basins in

southern Ontario (6*4-95) 26*4- Probability and synthetic hydrology approach

to rainfall-r"unoff frequency relationship

(14.910) 51

Reduction of runoff from rangelands in

central Rocky Mts. (O73W) I73

Reynolds Creek Watershed predictions by

computer simulation techniques (6517) I38

Runoff- infiltration relation theory (6533) 1*4-0 Semi-arid watershed hydrographs (6519) 138

Small agricultural areas, Illinois (008w) *4-7 Small \arban watersheds, analog computer

simulation (6522) I38

Small watershed areas; electric analog

simulation (6516) I38

303
RUNOFF (continued) Page

Soil type, slope and vegetation effects,

Upper Bear Creek, TVA {kQ8k) 2k9

Synthesis of storm runoff hydrographs from

unsteady non-uniform rain {'yk'yB) 128

Systems analysis of runoff process (6279) l'+3 Urbanization effects (5558) 78

Urbanization effects on small watershed

runoff (5^55) 128

Use of probability in frequency prediction,

based on rainfall and infiltration

frequency (6352) 56

Use of weather radar to predict storm

runoff (59'*-0) 126

See also HYDROGRAPHS

See also RUNOFF-RAINFALL

RUNOFF, SUBSURFACE

Mechanics of subsurface stormflow (072W) I65

Storm runoff from forested land (072W) I65

RUNOFF, SURFACE

Basic mechanics studied using artificial basins

(6187) - 52 Basin-storage effect on hydrographs {h-909) 51

Computer simulation of urban runoff (6^+21) "Jk Effect of natural and planted forests (3889) I65

Hydrodynamic equations for runoff from

agricultural watersheds {k-820) 157

Influence of stochastic surface impressed

agents (52914.)--- 91

Laboratory watershed system used for basic

study of watershed hydraulics (lj-906) 50

Modeling urban runoff (5117) 70

Numerical model for small watershed (6626) I50

On low- slope graded land in humid areas

(1+332) —- 161

Overland- flow hydraiiLics; its role in

hydrologic cycle (6070) 23O

Shallow-water equations used in runoff

computations (587!+) 28

Short erosion plots under simulated rainfall

(6771) 98

Urban watersheds in Indiana (5'*-82) 101

See also OVERLAND FLOW

See also SHEET FLOW

RUNOFF-RAINFALL RELATIONS

Application of stochastic process theory

(19^6) - - 115

Effect of areal distribution of rainfall

(2397) - 126

Effect of type of vegetation cover, Calif.

and Hawaii (t^997)- - 170

Effect of upstream development on small

southwest watersheds (2397) 126

Glen Creek (Alaska) drainage basin (6385) I80

Mathematical model (51+56) 128

Mathematical models for small Ohio watershed

(O37W) 91

Probability and synthetic hydrology approach

to rainfall-runoff frequency relationships

(1+910) 51

Ralston Creek Watershed, Iowa (66) 53

Selected Minnesota watersheds (5799) 110

Selected urban sites in Indiana (5'<-82) 101

Small drainage basin, northern Alaska (6383) 179

Small watersheds in various stages of

urbanization (5916) 78

- S -

SALINITY, RIVER

Analog simulation of salinity flow system in

upper Colorado Basin (652I) I38

SALINITY INTRUSION

Effef't of pneumatic barrier on Delaware R. salt intrusion; model (6029) 205

SALINITY INTRUSION (continued) Page

Effects of physical and hydraulic features of

estuaries; flume studies (1986) 189

Estuarine intrusion and diffusion (614-15) 72

Into coastal well fields (6259) 86

Maracaibo estuary, Venezuela (5II9) 70

Protection of groundwater in Baton Rouge

area (5713) 67

Salt water intrusion into layered strata

(601+6) 5 Salt-water removal from two-part aquifers

(1+962) 220

Theory for St. Lawrence estuary (591+9) 257

SALT WEDGE

See STRATIFIED FLOW

SAND BAR Formation blocks mouth of Corazones water

channel, Puerto Rico (676I+) 33

Offshore sand bar affects river mouth, Yaguez

River, Puerto Rico (6763) 33

See also SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, SHOALING

SAND BED CHANNEL

See ALLUVIAL CHANNEL

SAND BYPASS

Methods of by-passing sand past inlets (975)-- I8I

St. Lucie Inlet, Fla., model (6752) 32 See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

See also INLETS, COASTAL

SAND DREDGE

See DREDGING

See PUMPS, DREDGE

SAND DUNES

See DUNES

SAND FENCES

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, BY WIND

SAND PUMPING

See DREDGING

SAND TRANSPORT, WIND

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, BY WIND

SATELLITES

For obtaining oceanographic data (6767) 85

SAVONIUS ROTOR

Power-generating characteristics (6539) 122

SCALE EFFECTS

Criterion for lower limit on scale of model

tests independent of geometry (6188) 52

Weber and Reynolds criteria examined by

experiments (6188) 52 See also MODEL LAWS

SCALING

See MODEL LAWS

SCOUR At pipe outlets and upstream of weirs (OO9W)— 1+7 At simple relief-bridge geometries (1+626) 1

Cantilevered outlet conduits to prevent scour

at small spillways (II68) 107

C\ilvert-outlet erosion ( 61+60 ) I8

Effect of spur dike geometry (1+61+5) 63

Erosion at bridges and culverts (6206) 2l+ Erosion downstream of Patillas Dam (58I+5) 222

Erosion downstream of piers and sills (6185)-- 83

Erosion of foundations of concrete-crib

breakwaters (6238) 260

Influence of secondary flows at obstructions

(1+991) 128

Localized scour analyzed by mass-transport

relations (6687) 36 Protection for dam situated with fine sand

downstream (621+7) --- 26l

Resistance of cohesive sediments (287I+) 127

Resistance of cohesive soils (1+317) I6I

River-bed scour at bridge piers (6100) 251+ Scale effects in scour experiments (5906) 55 Stone beds under weirs (6392) 261+ See also EROSION

301+
SCOUR, INITIATION Page

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, INITIATION

SCREENS

Flow around and through a screen partially

occupying a two-dimensional channel (6809)-- 268

SCRUBBING COLUMN

Mass transfer in SOg-air-water system (6676) — 77 SEA BOTTOM

Boundary layer and sediment transport (6283) — lk6

SEA-LEVEL CANAL

See CANALS

SEALING

Chemical, for ponds i'^kOO) 21

SEA WATER CONVERSION (iSS^^-) 8

SEALS

Gate seals studied at prototype head in

laboratory (5338) 221

Helical and spiral groove seal performance in

oil, water and liquid sodium (63^5) 232

SEAWALL

Model study of seawall stability, Texas City, Texas (5234) —- 196

SECONDARY PLOW

Cxirrents in a corner of triangular open

channel ('4-531) 27

Effect of natural convection on horizontal

pipe flow (6827) - 1^8 In axial flow inducers (5592) 95

Used to control large-scale flows (627'*-) 26

Velocity-profile effect on straight channel

flow with perpendicular secondary flow

injection (6269) 26

SEDIMENT

Rheological properties of estmrine sediments

(3907) - - 191

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

Current and sediment movement in GalvestonTrinity Bays, Texas (5*4-58) 129

Dependency characteristics of flow and

sediment measures in alluvial channel

flow (5607) 228

Diffusion of sediment in a non- uniform flow

field (6014-4) - 5 Diffusion of sediment in turbulent open

channel flow (6079) - -- 80

Effects of permeable bed (6692) 37

Laboratory study of all aspects of alluvial

channel sediment transport (387I) I60

Mechanism of entrainment of fine sand by

turbulent flow (I4-O75) 6 Records for Iowa Streams (67) 53

Rotating drum research facility (14-654) 69

Roughness and sediment transport in natural

and artificial channels (2950) --- 227

Sedimentation with centrif\:igal acceleration

(6I4-98) 264

Silt-carrying water flowing through porous

media (5820) 12 Temperature effect on rate and nature of

movement (1988) —- I89

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, ALLUVIAL CHANNELS

See ALLUVIAL CHANNELS

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, BED FORMS

See BED FORMS

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, BEDLOAD

Comparison of measurement techniques (6819) 251

Existing formulas--limitations and

serviceability (6208) 94

Grain-size distribution and channel factor

effects on transport (6069) —- 23O

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, BY WIND

Dune building with sand fences (476O) I83

Effects of vegetation, humidity, gustiness

and fences on sand transport (4895) 32

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, BY WIND (continued) Page

Mechanics of dune building at Cape Hatteras

(4482) - - 32 Sand-fence effects on transport (4895) 32 Sand- fence tests (5284) 32 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, DEPOSIT REMOVAL

Guide walls constructed to flush sediment

at diversion dam (6312) 224

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, DEPOSITION

Air bubblers to prevent shoaling at wharf

(5994) - - 253

Behavior of fine cohesive sediments in annxilar

rotating channel (5119) 70

Cohesive- sediment deposition in turbulent

flows (6048) —-- - - 5 Delta development above detention dams (5566) — I58 In tile-drain flow (3490) 97

Sedimentation field study, Iowa and Missouri

reservoirs (5708) 59 Silt deposit in flow over gravel bed (5437) 10

See also FALL VELOCITY

See also SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, SHOALING

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, FALL VELOCITY

See FALL VELOCITY

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, INITIATION

Bed armoring effect of size gradation (4331) I6I

Critical conditions for sediment mixtures in

drainage channels (6741) 111

Critical tractive force for uniform sand

(4625) - - 1 Detachment by raindrops impact and flowing

water (4331) - --- - 16I

Effect of piers and sills on threshold

conditions (6185) -- 83

Forces on bed particles at incipient motion

(4316) - 161

Gravel material of various sizes (1987) I89

Gravel river bed motion, field study (5666) 251

Incipient erosion, culvert outlets (646o) I8

Large roughness elements in open-channel flow,

incipient motion (6524) 139

Mean-velocity criteria for scour of course, uniform bed material (6818) 251

Resistance of cohesive soils to erosion (4317)- I6I

Resistance of riprap to erosion in channels

(6875) 216

Seepage effect on forces on sand-bed particles

(6525)-- - 139

Seepage-force effect on incipience (6692) 37

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, MEASUREMENT

See HYDRAULIC MEAS., SEDIMENT

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, OCEAN

Bottom currents and sediment motion across continental shelf (6283) 146

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, PIPES

Loop system for measuring sand-water

mixtures (6564) 65

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, SAMPLERS

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, SEDIMENTATION

Two prolate spheroids in close proximity (6217) 84

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, SETTLING VELOCITY

See FALL VELOCITY

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, SHOALING

Air bubblers to prevent shoaling at wharf

(5994) - 253

Brunswick Harbor, Ga., model study (5648) 200

Columbia River estuary model (4396) 194

Comprehensive study of shoaling in tidal

waterways (3907) 191

Gastineau Channel, Alaska, shoaling model

(6027) 204

Model study of Delaware River shoaling (425) I87

Shoaling on Frazer River: model (6443) 271

Umpqua River Estuary, Oreg.. Model (6062) 204

305
SEDIMENT TRAUSPORT, SUSPENDED Page

Erosion and deposition by txirbidity

currents (6652) —--^ - k2

Instrument for concentration measurement

{67k3) 111

Rainfall effect on sediment capacity of

shallow channels {'yhlQ)- 125

Sensor for turbulent concentration

fluctuations (6366) 58

Tests of concentration gauges (3871) 16O

SEDIMENT TRMSPORT, TRACERS

Houston ship channel radioactive sediment

tracer tests (685O) 211

SEDIMENT TRAJ^SPORT, TURBIDITY CURRENT

See STRATIFIED FLOW, TURBIDITY CURRENT

SEDIMENTATION

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

SEDIMENT YIELD Cattle-grazing effects, N. Mex. watershed

(1969) 175

Flood and sediment reduction in California

conifer zone (^4-998) 171

Prediction techniques for western Iowa (5708) 59 See also WATERSHED ANALYSIS

SEEPAGE

Attempts to use electrical logging to determine canal seepage (6315) 255

Bank seepage effect on flood hydrograph

(022W) 61

Bank seepage in natural streams during flood

flows (3it-28) 5^+ Colloidal materials for seepage control in

Nevada ponds and canals (3558) I63

Effect on forces on sand-bed particles

(6525) — 139

Effect of roads on soil moisture and seepage

(6067) 206

Finite-difference techniques for seepage

problems (i4-219) 115

Finite-element solutions for complex-media

(6693) 37

Groundwater seepage patterns to wells for

unconfined flows (OlW) 59 Seepage-force effects on sediment transport

(6692) -— 37

Seepage force on interfacial bed grains

(6692) 37

Solution of Dupuits equation for threedimensional free-surface seepage (6I5I) ih-'y See also POROUS MEDIA FLOW

SEICHES

See WAVES, SEICHES

SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL

See STRATIFIED FLOW

SEPARATED FLOW

Boundary layer separation on ventilated

hydrofoil (i4-700) IO8

Flow past a two-dimensional cavity {680h) 267

Fluidelastic operators for under- streamlined

structures (5III) 100

Leading-edge separation on wedges; effect

on lift and drag (6714-0) 111

Numerical solutions of Navier-Stokes equations

for separated flows due to cavitation

(6736) 111

See also CAVITY FLOW

See also BOUNDARY LAYER, SEPARATION

See also FREE STREAMLINE FLOW

SEPARATORS

See OIL-WATER

SERVOMECHAinSMS, HYDRAULIC

Application of switching techniques to control systems (2335) 60

Load- sensitive hydraulic control system

(6092) - 60

SERVOMECHANISMS, HYDRAULIC (continued) Page

Self-oscillating control type (3't-36) 60

Servo valve spool erosion (6373) "i^ Use of non-linearities for improved

performance (6211) 235

See also CONTROLS, HYDRAULIC

See also FLUIDIC DEVICES

See also HYDRAULIC SWITCH

SETTLING VELOCITY

See FALL VELOCITY

SEWAGE FLOW

Pre-dilution at outfalls by entrainment of

water through ports in pipe (^1-725) 1^3

SEWAGE TREATMENT

Construction of facilities in permafrost

areas (05I+W) 181

Model of grit-removal channel (5805) 111

SEWERS

Computer program simulating main interceptor

system for Minneapolis-St . Paul Sanitary

District (S^kS) 112

Leaping weir regulator intercepts fixed flow

amount (6255) 26l

Model study of Vancouver interceptor {6k-kh) 271

Northern Montreal Salaberry sewer collector

(6256) - 261

Northern Montreal watershed sewer interceptor (62514-) 26l

Optimal design of sewer systems using

computer (5825) 72 See also DRAINAGE, BUILDING

SHEAR FLOW, TURBULENT

See TURBULENCE

SHEAR STRESS, WALL, MEASUREMENTS

See HYDRAULIC MEAS.

SHEET FLOW

Raindrop- impact and surface ro\aghness effects

(6191) - - —- 53 See also OVERLAKD FLOW

SHIP CHANNELS

Comprehensive study of shoaling in tidal

waterways (3907) 19

1

Effect of channel diking in Lake St. Peter

between Montreal and Quebec (6228) 259

Flushing system to remove oil and debris,

Victoria Channel, Texas (5636) I98

Houston channel, radioactive sediment tracer

tests (6850) 211

Proposed Lake Erie-Ontario waterway; model

(5653) - 201

Shoaling in Delaware Basin, model study

(i^25) 187

See also MODELS, SHIP CHAOTEL

See also SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, SHOALING

SHIPS, HULLS

Bending moments on cargo ships in waves

(3516) 118

Bending moments on destroyers in severe

seas (6609) 75 Hydrodynamic masses for floating bodies

(6367) 28

Plate roughness effect on boundary layer

(5939) 121

Potential flow and added mass (2091) 51+ Transom-stern bulbous-bow merchant ships

(6682) —- 79

SHIPS, MOORED

Wave- induced oscillations of small moored

vessels (SOl^t) 7 (5228) 195

SHIPS, MOTIONS

Amphibious craft in waves and surf (6608) 75 Destroyers in severe sea states (6609) 75 Effect of hull flow separation on stability

of high speed submarine (5199) l'^l

306
SHIPS, MOTIONS (continued) Page

Entrapped air effect in slamming {371^) 13

Equations of motion for very low-speed

maneuvering (506*4-) ll8

Performance in a seaway (6607) 75 Pressure distribution on ship-like form in a seaway (i^570) 13

Stabilizing marine vehicles in a seaway

(6536) 121

Steering and directional stability (6298) I3 See also SHIPS, SEAKEEPING

See also SHIPS, SIAMMING

SHIPS, POWERING

Horsepower for high-speed transom ships

(668i+) 79

SHIPS, RESISTANCE

Added resistance among waves (6607) 75 Boxlike forms, resistance components (6683)-- 79 Design for minimum total resistance (i4-08*(-) 13

Drag reduction with polymers, deployment

methods (6089) - 87

Effect of guar-gum solution on drag (2091) 5*+ High-speed transom ships (6684) 79

Induced drag due to bilge vortices (2091) 5*+ In irregular waves (i+97l) 12 Ship waves in navigation channels (5817) 11

Transom- stern high-speed merchant ships

(6682) 79

Viscous flow past ship-hull form (5739) 25

Wave drag determined from wave pattern

(5202) lk-7 Wave resistance by Eggers' method (2091) 5^ SHIPS, SEAKEEPING

In irregular waves, theory and models (5203)- l'4-7 See also SHIPS, MOTIONS

SHIPS, SLAMMING

Hydrodynamics of rigid-body water impact

(6066) - 115

Laboratory drop tests (5301) 12 Model studies in waves (59^2) lk7

See also SHIPS, MOTIONS

SHOALING

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, DISPOSITION

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, SHOALING

See SHIP CHANNELS

See MODELS, RIVER

SHOCK WAVES

Equation of state for water over wide range

of pressure and temperature (6787) 10*4- Hydrodynamic model for shock, blast and

impact phenomena (6787) lO^t- SHORE PROCESSES

Manual for shore protection planning and

design (2193) — l82

Regional studies of Atlantic coast. New Jersey to Cape Charles, Va. (2192) l82

See also BEACH EROSION

See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

SILLS

Submerged, for Lake Huron level control

(5233) -- - 196

SILT DEPOSITION

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, DEPOSITION

SIMILARITY SOLUTIONS

For non-Nev;tonian Flows (6357) 57 SIPHONS

Air entrapment in large pumping-plant discharge siphons (5862) 15

SLAMMING

See SHIPS, SLAMMING

SLOSHING

Anti-slosh baffles, damping laws from plates

in oscillating flow (608I) 1 Anti-slosh baffle, pressure loads (6656) 23I

Control by dielectrophoresis (6293) 132

SLOSHING (continues) Page

Cylindrical tanks with flexible bottom under

low gravity (635O) 39 Elastic-bottom tank, variational approach

(614.66) - 60

Filled container with two liquids of different

density (65*^3) 35 Forced resonant nonlinear oscillations of

liqioid in cylindrical tank {6khT) 85 Interaction of liquid with elastic containers

(631+7) - 39 Liquid propellants in low gravity (6063) 111+ Mechanical model for longitudinally excited

sloshing (6314-8) 39 Monograph, mathematically rigorous, on sloshing

in fixed and moving tanks (629*4) 33

Monograph on experimental approaches (6295) 3'*- Nonlinear lateral sloshing in annular tank

(63i^9) 39 Scaling laws (6295) - 3I4- Simulation and scaling, low-gravity slosh

(6655)-- 230

Tanks with flexible and rigid boundaries

(6291) 131

Under low gravity and zero gravity (63*4-1) 232

Under variable gravity environment (6292) I32

Zero-gravity sloshing in partly filled

containers (6514-3) 35 SLUG FLOW

See OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW, ROLL WAVES

SLUICE GATES

See GATES

SLURRY FLOW

Clay-slurry flow characteristics (6157) l'^*'- Flow measurement with elbow meter (5172) 63

Head loss in pipe flow (37*4-7) 63

Solid- waste pipeline flow ( 61+70 ) 96

SMOKESTACK DISCHARGE

See POLLUTION, ATMOSPHERIC

See PLUMES

SNOW

Accumulation control with fences, Wyoming

watersheds (3569) 175

Avalanche prediction and prevention, Colorado

alpine areas (3^95) 176

Measurements for streamflow forecasts in

Colorado and New Mexico (55) 19

Remote measuring device (5*4-01+) 21

Snow management by forest cover control (1+997)- 170

Water yield control in Calif, snow zone (1+996)- I69

SNOW, MEASUREMENT

See HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS, SNOW

SNOW, MELTING

Additives for evaporation control (5395) 21

Forecasting snowmelt floods (5997) 25l4 Lysimeter-type gage for in- situ snowmelt

measurement (6068) I6I+ SOAP

Soap solutions as drag reducers (6I+O7) 82

SODIUM, LIQUID

See LIGUID METALS

SOIL

Properties of soil used for bottoms of waste- water stabilization ponds (Ol+lW) 113

SOIL EROSION

See EROSION, SOIL

SOIL MOISTURE

See SOIL WATER

SOIL SALINITY

Dispersion of solutes in porous media (*+086) 1*+ Drain tile effect on salt leaching (1819) 1*4- SOIL TREATMENT Removal of excess soil sodium by gypsum and

drainage (*+987) ^+7

307
SOIL WATER

Effect of roads on moistiare and seepage

(6067) l6i^ Effect of timber cover control (1+998) 171

Effect of snow compaction (6532) ll+O Hydrologic effects of soil freezing (3889) I65

Improved standards for neutron soil water

meters (291'+) 178

Instrument for in situ measurement of soil

moisture flow and suction (598l) I60

Measurements, see HYDROLOGIC MEAS.

Methods of soil water determination (05IW) k'y Moisture prediction using antecedent

retention index (6628)--- 150

Movement of water and gases in soil (012W) 59 Movement to vertical sink in saturated

soil (013W) - - 59 New neutron probe system speeds logging of

soil water profiles (3225) 179

Physical and chemical processes associated

with liquid and vapor phase movement of

water in soil as related to water loss

(6837)- 163

Relation of salinity to state and transport of

water and ions in soil and plants (5220) I63

Soil mantle hydrology (6067) I6I+ Soil water movement in relation to conser- vation of water supplies (6837) I63

Studies on methods of soil water determination (05IW) - 1+5 Timber clearcutting effects on moisture

(6067) 16I+ Water-plant-soil relationships in western

No. Carolina (3306) 21+9 Wetting agent treatment effect on water

resistant soils (5OOO)-- - 172

SOLID-FLUID SYSTEM

See TWO PHASE FLOW

SOLIDS TRANSPORT

Granular solids driven by compressed air

(6573) 93

Transport of solid suspensions in conduits

(656^) - 65

See also TWO-PHASE FLOW, SOLID-FLUID

SOLUTION CAVITIES

See MINING

SONAR DOMES

Acoustic radiation studies (6290) I3I

SOUND SUPPRESSION

Hydraialic model study of rocket sound

suppressor (5519)

See also HYDRODYNAMIC NOISE

SOURCES- SINKS

Hele-Shaw flow visualization (61+72) 179

SPAWNING CHANNEL

See FISH CONTROL

SPECIFIC YIELD

Theoretical, field and lab. study of specific

yield and related properties (3263) 227

SPHERES, CONCENTRIC

Flow patterns and convection (618I+) I3I

SPILLWAYS

Apron design for Tellico project; model (672I+) 21+7 Branched channels with large velocity

difference (62I+8) 26l

Channel with right-angle turn; model (6559) — 61+ Chute design for Tims Ford, TVA (67II) 2l+6 Discharge coefficients and pressure distribution as functions of shape (5828) 80

Erosion at Partlett Dam; model (6308) 223

Erosion downstream of Patillas Dam, P.R.,

model (58I+5) 222

Fish-passage characteristics (616I+) II+I+ Forces on flashboard mounted on parabolic

spillway crest (5910) 56

SPILLWAYS (continued) Page

Hydraulic behavior of various crest shapes

at heads greater than design (3917) 193

Hydrometeorological research for design

criteria (615!+) 2l8

Irrotational potential flow over a spillway

toe curve (6077) 80

Prototype tests on chute spillway, Fort

Randall Dam (5250) - — 197

Standing waves and downstream erosion in

Bear Creek (TVA) model (6718) 21+7 SPILLWAYS, CAVITATION

Aeration to prevent damage during simultaneous

operation of spillway and outlet (6330) 226

Air admitted to cushion cavitation collapse,

tunnel spillways (6329) 226

Bankhead Dam, Ala., model study (6036) 207

Model study, Outardes 3 project, Canada (621+8)- 26l

SPILLWAYS, CLOSED CONDUIT

Air admitted to cushion cavitation in tunnel

spillways (6329) 226

Cantilevered pipe outlet conduits to prevent

scour (1168) - 107

Drop inlet for closed conduit spillways (ill) — IO6

(1723) — 156

Drop-inlet spillway characteristics (1865) 1+6 Hydraulics of closed conduit spillways (ill) IO6

(1723) 156

Stage-discharge relations for vertical internal

spillways (I+I69) 80

Trash racks tested for closed-conduit

spillways (1+335) l62

Vent systems for constrictions in closed

conduit spillways (1+335) l62

SPILLWAYS, MORHING GLORY

Eau Galle, Wise; model (6OI7) 202

Evaluation by model for Bear Creek project

(TVA) (6717) 21+6 SPILLWAYS, SIDE CHANNEL

Weir at various angles with channel axis

(61+82) 265

SPILLWAYS, VIBRATIONS

Flow-induced excitation of low-crest

spillway (635I) - 56

Vibration investigations at Old River control

structure. La. (6032) - 206

SPRINGS

Effect of mineralized springs on Utah's water resources (0l+8w) ll+l SPRINKLERS

See IRRIGATION

SPUR DIKES

See DIKES

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

Mathematical model of river and estuary (6603)- 261+ STABILITY

Characteristic equations, parallel non- Newtonian flow (6171) 79

Convective instability in flowing fluids

(6170) - 79

Convective instability of transient systems

(6831) 1+8 Film flow, see FIIM FLOW

Heated wall effect on boundary layer (65I+6) 29

laminar vortex-like flows stabilized

hydromagnetically (6569) 90

Liquid-surface instability under gas jet

(6113)- 59 Nonlinear effects in hydrodynamic and thennal

instability (6773) - 105

Non-Newtonian fluids between rotating coaxial

cylinders (5710) 60

Of a turbialent Poiseuille flow (6798) II6

Of horizontal fluid layer whose lower surface

temperature is time dependent (6807) 268

308
STABILITY (continued) Page

Of laminar flow, see also TRANSITION

Of two fluid layers of different density

and viscosity (itlij-j) 55 Of viscous flow in branched pipes (4559) ^9

Parallel shear flow subject to rotation

(6700) 77

Scattering of disturbance on free surface of

rotating liquid (5738) 25

Spherical disturbance breakdown (6129) 233

Thermal or convective instability in

confined regions (6789) 10*4- Unique asymptotic expansions in hydrodynamic

stability theory (5779) ^9

Viscosity-stratification effects (6170) 79

Viscous flow over curved surfaces (6772) 105

See also CYLIKDERS, COHCEKTRIC ROTATING

STABILITY, CHANNELS

See RIVER CHANNELS

See CHANNEL STABILIZATION

STABILITY, INTERFACE

Liquid-vapor interfacial stability under

weightlessness (6338)(6339)(63i+0) - 23I

(63in) — 232

STABILITY, STRATIFIED FLOW

See STRATIFIED FLOW

STABILITY, TAYLOR

See TAYLOR VORTICES

See CYLINDERS, CONCENTRIC

STEAM

Acoustic velocities in steam (5286) 2k0

Flowmeter calibrations for steam (i)-00l) 2h0

Heat transfer in dropwise condensation

(6675) 77 STILLING BASINS

Abrasion due to gravel and rocks (S^Ok) 223

At pipe to open-channel transition (5133) 13*^- Fish-passage characteristics {6l6k-) l^+il- Flexible approach to design (6186) 83

Impact type; design procedures for USER

Type VI (6309) 22i4. Plunge and jump basins compared for slidegate high-head outlet works (2959) 219

Pressure-fluctuation analysis (6306) 223

Prototype pressure tests, Barren River

Dam, Ky. (6035) —- 206

Vertical stilling wells for high-head

discharge {h'J9'^) 219

See also ENERGY DISSIPATORS

See also MODELS

STILLING WELLS

See STILLING BASINS

STOCHASTIC HYDROLOGY

See HYDROLOGY

STORM SURGE

See SURGES, STORM

See HURRICANES

STORM-WATER INLETS

See INLETS

STRATIFIED FLOW

Breakup of river heat stratification by

turbulence stimulation (5737) 25

Down an inclined plane (6170) 79

Equations for three dimensional largeamplitude motions (6169) 79

Generating linear density gradient in

laboratory tank (i4-l60) 69

Instability due to viscosity stratification

(6170) 79

Overturning induced by introducing warm

water at bottom (6625) l'i-9 State-of-the-art report and research needs

(53^3) — 221

Unsteady, into a sink ('+561) 6

STRATIFIED FLOW (continued) Page

Virtual mass of cylinders oscillating in

uniformly stratified fluid (6061) 238

Viscous non-diffusive flow toward line

sink (5826) 72 Withdrawal from two- layer flows (6419) 73

STRATIFIED FLOW, DENSITY CURRENTS

Computer simulation of selective withdrawal

from stratified reservoirs (6778) 92

Discharge of heated water into broad deep

river (5^94) IO8

Dynamics of lake circulation (4252) 148

Importance of density currents in sea- level

canal (6872) 2l6

Intermediate-density inflows into stratified

reservoirs (6l48) 145

Prevention of recirculation of heated

condenser water (6419) 73

Spreading of warm water discharged from

channel near surface of cold lake (6742) 111

Steam plant condensate circulation,

model (5392) 245

Turbidity current underflow experiments (53^1) 7 Turbid reservoir releases associated with

thermal stratification (6314) 224

See also MODELS, COOLING-WATER DISCHARGE

See also STRATIFIED FLOW, SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL

See also TURBIDITY CURRENTS

STRATIFIED FLOW, IN POROUS MEDIA

Fresh-salt water interface in coastal

groundwater (6259) 86

Lateral dispersion, effect of stratification

(5013) 6

Overturning of unstably layered systems

(5013) 6 Two-dimensional flow toward a sink ( 5OI3) 6 STRATIFIED FLOW, INTERNAL WAVES

See WAVES

STRATIFIED FLOW, OCEAN

Hurricane induced upwelling (6488) 244

STRATIFIED FLOW, PLUMES

See PLUMES

STRATIFIED FLOW, RESERVOIRS

See RESERVOIRS, STRATIFIED

STRATIFIED FLOW, SALINITY INTRUSTION

See SALINITY INTRUSION

STRATIFIED FLOW, SALT WEDGE

Estuarine salinity intrusion and diffusion

(6415)- 72 See also SALINITY INTRUSION

STRATIFIED FLOW, SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL

Effect of size and shape of orifice on stratified-reservoir withdrawal (6846) 210

From reservoir with linear density gradient

(14.561) 6 Laboratory model using thermal stratification

(5343) 221

Model studies and computer simulation (6778) — 92

Outlet-works weir, Meramec Park Reservoir,

Missouri, (6843) 210

Two-dimensional viscous flow toward a point

sink (6629) 150

STRATIFIED FLOW, STABILITY

Curvilinearity and turbulence effects (5908)-- 56

Immiscible liquids in two- layer flow down

incline (6448) I8

Of two fluid layers of different density and

viscosity (4l45) 55 Viscosity-stratification effects (6448) I8

STRATIFIED FLOW, SUBMERGED BODIES IN

Free-surface and Froude No. effects in

stratified flow past slender body (66I':) 4 Internal waves generated by spheres moving

through linear density gradient (4400) 217

See also WAVES, INTERNAL

309
STRATIFIED FLOW, THERMOCLIWES Page

See THEKMOCLINE

STRATIFIED FLOW, TURBIDITY CURRENTS

See STRATIFIED FLOW, DENSITY CURRENT

See TURBIDITY CURRENTS

STRATIFIED FLOW, TURBULENCE IN

Mixing behind towed grids (6362) 58 See also TURBULENCE, STRATIFIED FLOW

STRATIFIED FLOW, WAKES IN

Collapse of mixed regions in stratified

liquid (6363) 58

Collapse of wake of self-propelled body

(6^85) 239

Flow phenomena caused by collapse of mixed

region {66kh) kl

Three-dimensional moraentumless wakes ('+160) 69

See also WAKES, COLLAPSE

See also WAKES, STRATIFIED

STREAM CHANNELS

See RIVER CHAOTELS

STREAMFLOW

Analysis of separation techniques (6708) kh

Characteristics of Utah streams (Ok'^V) 1*4-1 Data for Iowa streams (67) 53

Data for Massachusetts streams (256I) ^6

Data for Utah streams (6531) ikO

Effect of different forest types on stream

regimen (07OW) I65

Forecasting research for Weather E-ureau river

forecast centers (566*1) 2l8

Glacial-river analysis (Delta R., Alaska)

(638*1) — - 180

Idaho streamflow data studied for water- resource capability (5I67) ^3

Logging effects on flow, Oregon Cascades

(»^758) - 167

Logging effect on Alaska salmon streams

{2651+) 168

Long-time fluctuations in stream runoff

correlated with sunspots (3522) 127

Measurements under ice cover (6529)

Recession characteristics of Iowa streams

(6353) 56

Relation of streamflow to adjacent groundwater level (6708) kk

Routing, see FLOOD ROUTING

Synthesis by water balance and routing

methods (6605) - 258

Use of weather radar in streamflow forecasts

(5914-0)-- -- 126

STREAMFLOW, EPHEMERAL

See EPHEMERAL STREAMS

STREAMFLOW, MEASUREMENT

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

STREAM GAGING

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

STRUCTURES, OCEAN

Dynamic response functions (6699) 38

See also WAVES, FORCES

SUBMARINES

Effect of hull flow separation on stability

of high speed submarine (5199) 1^1

SUBMERGED BODIES, ADDED MASS

See VIRTUAL MASS

SUBMERGED BODIES, BLUFF BODIES

Flow-disturbance effect on local viscous flow

around 3-d blunt bodies in transition

regime (6057) - 263

Flow visualization study of separated flow in

glycerol- solution tunnel (6580) 255

Pressure variation around body correlated

with unsteady motions (6589) 239

See also SUBMERGED BODIES, CYLINDERS, PLATES,

SPHERES

SUBMERGED BODIES, CABLES Page

Hydrodynamic performance of faired cables

for high-speed towed systems (6125) 2*4-1 SUBMERGED BODIES, CUBES

Turbulence in flow around cube in a velocity

gradient with free surface effects (5757)-- 137

SUBMERGED BODIES, CYLINDERS

Flow around accelerated cylinders (2265) 9 Flow past circular cylinders at low

Reynolds No. (5778) *4-9 Fluidelastic features of flow around circular

cylinders (5III) 100

In a rotating fluid (6368)-- 28

Numerical solutions for time-dependent viscous

flows around stationary and rotating

cylinders (6765) 89

Strouhal No. and fluctuating pressures for

elliptic cylinders (657*4-) 25*4- Velocity-gradient effect on drag (*4-7l6) 128

Vibrations at low Reynolds No. (6*4-8*4-) 239

Vortex-excited oscillation of D-section and

circular cylinders (6576) 255

Wake oscillations and separation points of

vibrating circular cylinder in uniform

flow field (6808)--- 268

Wake vortices in oscillating flow

(6381) (6382) *^0 SUBMERGED BODIES, DRAG ON

See DRAG

SUBMERGED BODIES, FALL VELOCITY

See SETTLING VELOCITY

SUBMERGED BODIES, FINS

Hydrodynamic forces on fin-body combinations

(6375) 3^

SUBMERGED BODIES, FORCES ON

Methods of measuring thrust, torque,

pressures, in water tunnel (2832) 9^

Tunnel wall interference effect on measiired

force on axi symmetric body (*4-l8l) 9^

See also DRAG

SUBMERGED BODIES, HEMISPHERES

Flow around hemisphere on a boimdary in a finite 3-dimensional field with free

surface effects (5755) I36

Free-surface effects on hemisphere on a boundary in a velocity gradient (513*+) 13^

Turbulence in flow around hemisphere in a velocity gradient field with free surface

effects (5756) 136

SUBMERGED BODIES, IN PIPE FLOW

Single particles in laminar tube flow (6280)- 1*4-3 SUBMERGED BODIES, IN STRATIFIED FLOW

See STRATIFIED FLOW

SUBMERGED BODIES, IN WAVES

See WAVES, FORCES

SUBMERGED BODIES, OF REVOLUTION

Steady and unsteady laminar boundary layers

(6*167) 61

SUBMERGED BODIES, PLATES

Flow around and through a submerged porous

plate (6809) - T 268

Turbulence characteristics in flow past

normal wall (5321) 55

(56*4-7) 200

SUMBERGED BODIES, POTENTIAL FLOW

Computation for bodies of arbitrary

configuration (65*^8) 30 Computer program for flow around 3-dimensional

body (637*+) - 3^+ SUBMERGED BODIES, PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION

Uniformly accelerating flow; pressuredistribution time history around body

(6082) — 1

310
SUBMERGED BODIES, SPHERES Page

Flow characteristics in dilute polymer

solutions (6696) 38

Horizontal motion through water with linear

density gradient (ij-llOO) 217

Impulsively started rotating sphere in

infinite medium; numerical solution (6765)- 89 Motion of rigid spheres in highly turbulent

field (6076) 80

Stokes flow around accelerated sphere (3799)-- 88

SUBMERGED BODIES, STRUCTURAL ANGLE

Unsteady forces and unsteady oscillations

(6575) 255

SUBMERGED BODIES, SUPERCAVITATING

See SUPERCAVITATING FLOWS

SUBMERGED BODIES, UNSTEADY FLOW

Circular cylinder, oscillating flow (6382) kO

Flow around accelerated cylinders (226$) 9 Pressure variations around bluff body

correlated with body motion (6589) 239

Stokes flow around accelerated sphere (3799)-- 88

SUBMERGED BODIES, VEHICLES

See SUBMERSIBLE VEHICLES

SUBMERGED BODIES, WAKES

See WAKES

SUBMERSIBLE VEHICLES

Propeller and wake noise in deep-sea

submersibles (6679) 77

Surface and near-surface effects on resistance (6296) 3*4- SUMPS

Optimum design from study of vortices and

flow patterns (6096) 23k

SUNSPOTS

Convective processes in sunspots correlated

with laboratory flows (6786)-- 104

SUPERCAVITATING FLOWS

Wake behind two-dimensional cavitating

wedge (11-677) 9h

See also CAVITY FLOWS

SUPERCRITICAL FLOW

See OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW

SURGES

Propagation over dry ephemeral- channel bed

(1,358) - 163

Speed of surge along bathtub vortex (6l28) 233

SURGES, DRAFT TUBE

Literature survey and bibliography (632I) 255

SURGES, HURRICANE

See HURRICAIIE SURGES, OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

Attenuation by side weir (63O7) - 223

Canal surge profile and speed (062W) 227

Dimensionless ratios for canal surges (6099)-- 25'f Ice- cover effect on celerity and damping

(6631) - - 251

Positive surge in circular-bottom channel

(6689) 36 Rejection surges in trapezoidal channels

(6303) - 223

Surges, roll waves, in steep, rough channels

(5957) - Jh2

SURGES, PRESSURE

Hydraulic filters for surge pressures (6278)-- 62

Vapor formation during water hammer (6l'4-l) 50 See also PIPE FLOW, TRANSIENTS

See also WATER HAMMER

SURGES, STORM

Berms for protection of nuclear plant site

(6753) 32 Computer programs for surge prediction (6*4-77)- '^^^ Prediction of surge resulting from extreme wind system over coastal area (675*4-) 33 See also HURRICANE SURGE

SURGE TANKS Page

General performance, stability, etc.; theory and model study (62U9) 26I

Model study of head losses through restricted

orifices for surge tanks (6822) 257

Stability as influenced by large

oscillations (6098) 25I+ Various orifice types studies (6663) I6 See also MODELS, SURGE TANK

SUSPENSIONS

Gas-bubble effect on liquid flow through

nozzles (5195) 39 Particle and fluid velocities in turbulent

flow {k6h9) 69

Relation between deformation of suspended

particles and non-Newtonian behavior

(6667) - — 76

Resistance of neutrally buoyant suspension

in pipe flow {k6h9) 69

Settling velocity of particles in turbulent

flow (5302) — 27

Transport of solid suspension in conduits;

design of conveyance systems (656^) 65

Unsteady solid- liquid flows (6275) 6I

See also COLLOIDS

See also TWO-PHASE FLOW

SUSPENSIONS, COLLOIDAL

Electrokinetic measurements of colloid- laden

flow through a sand column (58IO) 98

Electrokinetic removal of colloids (O38W) 91

Flow of colloidal suspensions in porous

media (036W) 91

Thrust generation by electro-magnetic

acceleration of colloid suspensions

(6680) 77 SWIMMING BODIES

See FISH PROPULSION

SWIRLING FLOW

Transonic nozzle thrust control with

swirling flow (6o62) 238

See also PIPE FLOW, SWIRLING

- T -

TAINTER GATES

See GAI'ES TAYLOR VORTICES

Development and breakdown of Taylor vortices

and Benard cells (6772) 105

Speed-torque relations immediately after

Taylor instability (6172) 79

Taylor instability in Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluids (6737) Ill

See also CYLINDERS, CONCENTRIC ROTATING

See also STABILITY

TEACHING AIDS

See INSTRUCTION

TENSILE STRENGTH

Organic film effect on gas nuclei (t-^'S) 35 TENSION, IN LIQUIDS

Measurements in a variety of liquids (5IO6)-- 95

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

For multi-phase systems (6672) 77 THERMAL POLLUTION

See POLLUTION

THERMOCLINES

Model for temperature structure of lakes

{662h) - - 11+9 Structure in shallow coastal waters (6372) 214-2 THERMO-HALINE CIRCULATION

See CIRCULATION

THRUST

Generated by electro-magnetic acceleration

of colloids (6680) 77

311
THRUST (continued) Page

ThruBt control in transonic nozzle with

swirling flow (6062)— 238

THRUST, PROPELIER

See PROPELLERS

TIDAL HYDRAULICS

Comprehensive study of shoaling in tidal

waterways (390?) 191

Mathematical model of exchange characteristics

of Texas bays (595^) 130

Sacramento- San Joaquin delta analog methods

for tidal predictions (it-933) 10

See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

See also ESTUARIES

See also INLETS, COASTAL

TIDAL POWER

Computer program for optimum power generation,

Bay of Fundy (6226) 259

Power plant effect on tide regimes, Bay of

Fundy (622?) 259

TIDES

Application of modern time series methods to

tide prediction (5926) 113

Bay of Fundy tide regimes (622?) 259

Computation methods for tides and currents

in estuaries and canals (68*4-8) 211

Computations in estuaries and canals (6'il'+) 72 Effects of dredging and causeway placement

on tidal currents, Vancouver Harbor,

Canada ((6250) 260

Internal tides off California (14-500) II3

Internal tides off Southern Calif. (6372) 2k2

Mathematics of flow in tidal inlets (685I) 211

Mixing in tidal currents in Block Island

Sound (6086) 62

St. Lawrence estuary tidal motion, theoretical

study (59lt-8) 256

Shallow-water tide predictions. Cook Inlet,

Alaska (6055) — - 2l8

Storm (or wind), see SURGES, STORM

TIDES .GAUGES

Development of resistance gauge (6598) 238

Instrument for recording deep-sea tides (5927)- 113

See also HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

TIDES, TIDAL POWER

See TIDAL POWER

TIMBER HARVESTING

See LOGGING

TIKES

See HYDROPLANING

TOWED SYSTEMS

Development of design procedures for highspeed towed systems (6125) 2^4-1 TRACERS

See SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

TRAINS

Cross-wind effect on rapid-transit train

(6123) — 115

TRANSIENTS, POVffiR PLANT

Computer simulation of hydropower transients

(^kk3) — 68

Tests at Garrison and Oahe dams (3906) I90

See also PIPE FLOW

See also WATERHAMMER

TRANSITION

Laminar-to-turbulent porous media flow ( 5902 ) — I4-I4- Turbulence initiation in packed bed of

spheres (6826) I4-8 TRANSITION, BOUNDARY LAYER

See BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITIONS

Canal-tunnel junction, optimum geometry for

(6326) 226

TRANSITIONS (continued) Page

Circular pipe to rectangular supercritical

open channel (2386) 107

Pumping-plant inlet transition design ('^95'*-) 220

(6301) 222

Stilling basin for pipe to open channel (5133)- IS^^ See also OPEN CHANNEL FLOW, TRANSITIONS

TRANSPORT PROCESSES

Nonlinear ordinary differential equations

in transport processes (6356) 57

Tests for closed-conduit spillways (1+335) l62

TSUNAMIS

See WAVES, TSUNAMIS

TUNNELING

Rock tunneling with high speed water jets

utilizing cavitation damage (6650) 14-2 TUNNELS

Deposits causing obstruction to flow in

Colorado River aqueduct system (6733) 17

Friction factors for unlined timnels (II4-67) I89

Tunnel friction measured at Nolin Dam, Ky.

,

outlet works (52143) I96

TUNKELS, DIVERSION

Abrasion problems at Glen Canyon Dam tunnel

outlet (6327) 226

Mica Dam (Can.) river diversion and closure;

model (6I4-3I4-) 269

TUNNELS, INLETS

Optimum configuration for Azotea Tunnel

inlet junction (6326) 226

TUNNELS, WATER

See FACILITIES

TURBIDITY

Development of instrument for in-place

measurement of turbidity (3907) I9I

TURBIDITY CURRENTS

Experimental and theoretical research on turbidity currents (6652) 14-2 Underflow experiments (53^1) 7 See also STRATIFIED FLOW, DENSITY CURRENT

TURBINES (HYDRAULIC)

Discharge measured with current meters ('4-l4-l|-l)-- 2I4-I4- Internal flow field and pressure distribution, theory (6I4-90) 87

Radioisotope flow measurement (06lW)(06l4-W) 227

Twisted guide vanes to improve performance

(61+91) 87

Vibrations analysis on Wheeler Project (TVA)

turbines (6716) — 2I4-6 TURBOMACHINERY

Three-dimensional effects on flow (5777) 14-9 TURBULENCE, BOUNDARY LAYER Influence of rotation on flow in long

rectangular channel (68OO) 117

Turbulence promoters used to improve heat

transfer through laminar layer (6571) 90

Very high frequency transducer for fluctuating

wall pressures (6264) 123

Wall-pressure fluctuations in dilute polymer

solutions (6735) - 111

Wall-pressure fluctuations investigated in

acoiistio wind and water tunnels (6266) 214-2 Wall-pressure fluctuations obtained on buoyantly propelled vehicles (6585) 2I4-I Wall-pressure spectra in thick layers (6262) 123

TURBULENCE, DAMPING OF

Foam dampeners used in flexible tubes (6083) 97

TURBULENCE, DECAY OF

Decay of grid turbulence (6I1-I4-9) I8

(6813) 268

In axi symmetric wakes (14099) 20

TURBULENCE, DRAG REDUCING FLOW

Hot-film measurement and turbulence structure

in organic-solvent pipe flow (6I4-O5) 82

See also DRAG REDUCTION, ADDITIVES

312
TURBUIiENCE, DRAG REDUCING FLOW (continued) Page

See also TURBULENCE, NGN-NEWTONIAN FLOW

See also TURBULENCE, POLYMER EFFECTS

TURBULENCE, EDDY VISCOSITY

Dependence "between eddy and fluid

viscosity (6201) 102

TURBULENCE, FREE SHEAR FLOW

Analysis by use of nev theory (6l02) 89

Contaminant diffusion in mixing zone (Gk^G) 26k

Self-preservation tendency in jets and

wakes (5907) 55 Transducer to measure static pressure

fluctuations (6261*-) 123

TURBULENCE, GRID

Analytical treatment of grid turbulence

(6359) 57

Decay of turbulence behind grid {6kh9) I8

(6813) 268

Effect of polymers on turbulence decay (6645)- ^1

Mixing behind grid towed through stratified

liquid (6362) 226

TURBULENCE, JETS

Turbulence structure of jet in coaxial

stream (6360) 57

T\jrbulent velocity field in two-dimensional

submerged jet (6620) ll+9 TURBULENCE, LAKES

Measurements within a few inches of a pond

surface (6595) 238

TURBULENCE, MEASUREMENT

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, TURBULENCE

TURBULENCE, NON-NEWTOWIAM FLOW

T^urbulent shear flow analyzed using gross

effective viscosity (6768) 89 See also TURBULENCE, POLYMER EFFECTS

TURBULENCE, OCEAN

Fine-scale temperattire related to turbulence

dissipation and other factors (6289) 113

Mechanics of turbulence in upper layers of ocean and in sha3J.ow water (6086) 62

Momentum and heat dlffiasion in upper ocean

(6it65) 2h3

Natural turbulence compared with ship-screw

turbiAlence (614-65) 2h3

TURBULENCE, OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

Application of hot film anemometer to evaluation of turbulent quantities (6817) 269

Correlation of t\irbulence characteristics

with bottom roughness {60k9) 5 Mathematical models for diffusion in natural

streams (5688) Ikl

Rainfall effect on turbulence in shallow

flow (51+78) 125

Turb\ilence properties tised to determine start

of established flow (6697) 38

Turbulence structure and diffusion in rough

channels (5131) 133

Turbulence structure with large roughness

elements (652lt^) 139

Turbulent flow structure related to resistance

for movable boundary case (56IO) 228

TURBULENCE, PIPE FLOW

Turbulence properties used to determine start

of established flow (6697) 38

Turbulence structure near porous, rough

wall (5823) - 71

Wall-rougl-mess effects (3I+27) 1+9 TURBULENCE, POLYMER EFFECT

Boundary- layer turbulence, additives effect

on r.m.s. fluctuation, spectral density

(6135) (6136) — 231+ Turbulent shear-layer characteristics (6211t-)-- 67

Turbulence structure studied with Doppler

scattering (6551+) 96

TURBULENCE, POLYMER EFFECT (continued) Page

Wall pressure fluctuations in dilute polymer

solutions (6735) --- --- Ill

Wall pressure fluctuations in fully established pipe flow of polymer solution (6587)- 2kl

Wall pressure fluctmtions obtained on buoyantly propelled vehicles (65B5) 2l|l

TURBULENCE, ROUGH WALL

Investigation of layer of high-intensity

turbulence near wall (2328) 5I1- Wall-roughness effect in pipe flow (31+27) k9

TURBULENCE, SHEAR FLOW

Production, dissipation in Couette flow

(2536) i+9 Six basic shear flows studied (6396) 3 Structure of homogeneous turbulent shear

flow (6397) 3 Visual and quantitative study of turbulence

structure (6798) II6

See also TURBULENCE, FREE SHEAR PLOW

TURBULENCE, STRATIFIED FLOW

Mixing behind towed grids (6362) 58

Turbulence in stably stratified fluids (6613)- 1+ TURBULENCE, THEORY

Computer simulation of energy transfer from

shear flow to turbulence (6588) 239

Energy spectrum for second-order fluid (5596)- 95

Free turbixlent shear flows analyzed with

new theory (6l02) 89 General phenomenological theory for wall

turb\ilence (6IO3) 89

New wall-turbulence theory for subsonic and

supersonic flow (6l2l) I3I

Numerical simulation of turbulence model

(6200) 102

Transfer of turbulent energy at large wave nmbers (6613) 1+ TURBULENCE, WAKE

Behind body of revolution (1+971+) — 55 TURBULENCE, WALL PRESSURES

Measured with flush hot-film sensors; pipe

flow (6568) 89 Turbulence structure near wall studied with

electrochemical techniques {682h) 1+8 In pipe flow of polymer solutions (6587) 2lt-l See also TURBULENCE, BOUNDARY LAYER TWO-PHASE FLOW, LIQUID-GAS

Air-water flow in vertical bend; transition

from bubbly to plug flow (6686) 36 Breakup of liquid exposed to gas stream

(6121+) 115

Effect of waves at Interface on turbulent

air flow (6828) - 1+8 Gaseous bubble effects on nozzle flow (5195)-- 39 Gas jet impinging on liquid surface (6II3) 59

Nfess transfer from liquid film to hot gas

stream (6219) IO3

Mixing of liquid and gas jets (6558) 96

Sound generated by various types of flow

(I+235) 127

See also AIR-SEA INTERFACE

TWO-PHASE FLOW, LIQUID-LIQUID

See LI QUID- LI QUID FLOW

TWO-PHASE FLOW, LIQUID-VAPOR

Energy losses In flow of flashing fluid in

horizontal pipe (68II) 268

Interfacial waves on vertical condensate

films (6111) - 59 Stability of Interface to negative acceleration

(6339) 231

Vapor formation during water hammer (61I1-I) 50

Weightlessness effect on liquid-vapor

Interface (6338) (63I+O) 23I

(63I+I) -- 232

313
TWO-PHASE FLOW, SOLID-FLUID Page

Elbow meter to measure flow and concentration in solid-liquid flows (6566) 65

Granular solids driven by compressed air

(6573) 93

Momentum equation for solid-fluid system

(6270) 26

Motion of discrete particles in turbulent

flow (3799) 88

Motion of rigid spheres in a highly turbtilent

field (6076) — - 80

Particle volume determined from scattered

light of laser radiation (6590) 239

Solid-waste pipeline hydrodynamics {6k^0) 96

Transport of solid suspensions in conduits

(656^) 65

See also SUSPENSIONS

- U -

UNDERWATER SOUND

See HYDRODYNAMIC NOISE

See ACOUSTICS

UNDERWATER VEHICLES

Deep- submergence rescue vehicles (6179) 27

Hydrodynamic forces on fin-body combination

(6375) 3^+ UNSTEADY FLOW

Group theory applied to three-dimensional

unsteady flows (6I31) 233

Rapid-acceleration hydrodynamics applied to rifle recoil {37kO) 55 Three-dimensional rotational flow with vortex

stretching but no diffusion (6l26) 233

Three-dimensional rotational flows with

vortex stretching and diffusion (6127) 233

See also VIRTUAL MASS

UPWELLING

Hurricane induced upwelling in ocean (6*4-88) — 2kk

- V -

VALVES

Butterfly valves discharging into sudden

enlargement; effect on cavitation (5336) — 221

Containment structures for fixed-cone

dispersion valves (6719) 21+7 Fixed-cone dispersion valves; aeration

characteristics (6729) 2l+8 Operation tests of pressure regulating

valve station {6kkl) 271

Reliability of backwater valves in plumbing

systems ('1-01+3) 256

Tests on 12-in. butterfly and ball valves

(6I+80) 2k

VALVES, HEART

See BIOMEDICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

VALVES, HOWELL- BUNGER

Model study of valves for Suramersville

Dam, W. Va. (GQ'Jk) 2l6

Summersville Lake portotype tests on valve

vibrations (6876) 2l6

VALVES, SERVO

Valve spool erosion evaluation (6373) 3^

VAPOR CAVITIES

See CAVITATION

VAPOR-LIQUID FLOW

See TWO-PHASE FLOW

VECTOPLUVIOMETER

See HYDROLOGIC MEASUREMENT

VEHICLES, AMPHIBOUS

See AMPHIBOUS

VEHICLES, MILITARY

Mobility related to characteristics of

Alaska streams (6386) 18O

VEHICLES, UNDERWATER Page

See UNDERWATER

VIBRATIONS

Effect on pipe-flow friction factor (61+93) 121+ Nonlinear vibrations in hydraulic positioning

systems (6577) 255

Of Howell- Bunger valve at S\jnmersville

Dam (6876) 216

Of hydroturbines at certain gate openings

(6716) 21+6 Propulsor blades; liquid effects on vibration (6557)-- - 96

VIBRATIONS, FLOW INDUCED

At Old River spillway. La. (6032) 206

Circular cylinder at low Reynolds No.; radiated sound (61+84) 239

Flat plate in turbulent flow (5I89) 123

Flutter of hydrofoil craft with 3-diiiiensional

unsteady foil loads (6538) 8

Flutter of supercavitating flat-plate

hydrofoils (5500) - 109 In metal bellows, elastic tubes (6065) 111+ Low-crest spillway on elastic foundation

(6351) 56

Of a cylindrical cantilever beam (6802) 267

Oscillations of D-section and circular

cylinders (6576)--- - 255

Oscillations of flap gates (5950) 257

Self-excited vibration theory for propeller

singing (5936) 121

Thin-plate flutter in narrow channel flow

(606I+) 111+ Thin-wall pipe, varying flow conditions (6II8) 1+5 Training-wall vibration at Hells Canyon (5521) II+I+ Unstable oscillations of structural angle

(6575) 255

Wake oscillations and separation points of

vibrating circular cylinder in uniform flow

field (6808) 268

Wind-induced oscillations of elastic slender

bodies (6060)~ 237

VIRTUAL MASS

Circular cylinders oscillated in uniformly

stratified salt water (6061) 238

Hydrodynamic masses for floating and submerged bodies (6367) 28

Of two-dimensional forms by conformal mapping

(2091) - - 5k

Spheres submerged in waves (6075) ^0

VISCOEIASTIC FLOW

See NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW

VISCOSITY

Dependence between eddy and fluid viscosity

(6201) 102

Measurements at extreme shear in laminar flow

of polymer solutions (6678) 77

Of polymer solutions, varying concentration

(6I+08) — 82

VISCOUS FLOW

Around blunt bodies in transition regime

(6057) — - 263

Cylindrical tube containing line of spherical

particles (605I+) 25

Numerical solutions for certain time-dependent flows (6765) 89

Stability over curved surfaces (6772) 105

Through sphere assemblages, fluidized and

packed beds (6056) 263

See also LAMINAR FLOW

VISCOUS SUBLAYER

Turbulence structure near wall studied with

electrochemical technique (6821+) 1+8 See also BOUNDARY LAYER

See also TURBULENCE, WALL

3li^
VORTEX MOTION Page

Antl-vortex system upstream of large power

intake {62k6) - 26l

Bathtub vortex, surge speed along centerline

(6128) - 233

Behind cylinder in oscillating flow (638I) kO

Boundary layer beneath vortex (6616) h Breakdown in swirling tube flow with adverse

pressure gradient (6059) 237

Breakdown of vortex, experiments supporting

finite transition theory (6129) 233

Conducting-vortex- like flow between coaxial

cylinders stabilized hydromagnetically

(6569) - 90

Control of velocity distribution in vortex

(6i)-9T) 26!+ Critical submergence for vortexing during

draining of vertical cylindrical tank

(6797) 11*^ Dynamics of atmospheric vortices and boundary

layer {6k5l) I8

Eddies in laminar separation zones (5909) 56 Formation at penstock entrances (632*4-) 226

In cavities in channel walls (6272) 26 In pump sumps (6096) 2'yh

Interaction of two-dimensional submerged jet

and vortex flow (6ll2) 59 Interaction with stationary surface (657O) 90

Literature survey on free-vortex internal

velocities (66II) 3 Mass transport in driven vortex (627*+) 26

Maximum rotational velocities in free

vortices (66II) 3 Shed wing vortices and their decay (5590) 95

Stable eddies at pipe expansions (I875) 53

Steady vortex generated in a slot or cavity

(680i^) - 267

Thrust control in transonic nozzle with

swirling flow (6062) — - 238

Vortex development at turbine intakes (6723) — 2*4-7 Vortex sinks; behavior of pulse with origin

at sink (6130) 233

Vortex sinks, application of group theory

(6131) 233

VORTEX MOTION, TAYLOR VORTICES

See TAYLOR VORTICES

VORTEX MOTION, WAKE VORTICES

See WAKES

VORTEX SINK FLOWS

See VORTEX MOTION

- W -

WAKES

Behind bodies of revolution with momentum

addition {k099) -— 20

Behind supercavitating wedge (il-677) 9'+ Wake geometry during resonant oscillations

of structural angle (6575) 255

Wake oscillations of a vibrating circular

cylinder (6808) 268

WAKES, COLLAPSE

Flow phenomena caused by collapse of mixed

region (66hh) ^t-l Mixed-region collapse in stratified liquids

(6363)-— — — 3^ Two-dimensional wake behind cylinder in

stratified fluid (i4-l60) 69

Wake of self-propelled body in stratified

fluid (6I+85) 239

WAKES, KARIM

See WAKES, VORTEX

See VORTEX MOTION

WAKES, STRATIFIED

Three-dimensional momentumless wakes {kl6o) 69

WAKES, STRATIFIED (continued) Page

Two-and three-dimensional bodies in

stratified fluid (6173)--- - 79 See also STRATIFIED FLOW

See also WAKES, COLLAPSE

WAKES, TURBULENT

Behind bodies of revolution {k97h-) 55 Behind bodies of revolution with systematically

varied asymmetries (5311) 119

WAKES, VORTEX

Behind circular cylinder in oscillating flow

(6381) kO

Behind elliptic cylinders (657*+) 25*)- Flow visualization behind circular cylinder

in oscillating flow (6382) kO

Karman street behind cylinder at low Reynolds

No. (61+81+) 239

WALL JET

See JETS, WALL

WALL PRESSURES, FLUCTUATING

See TURBULENCE

WATER E.UDGET Analog and digital computers used in water

budget studies (6212) 235

WATER ENTRY

Drag, whip and cavity shapes (I+867) 237

See also IMPACT

WATER HAMMER Analog-computer analysis (6277) 6I

Control by valve stroking (5917) 78 In irrigation pipe systems (6097) 25*+ Liquid column separation (1+862) 78

Resonance in triplex pump suction and discharge

lines (1+858) 77

Surge attenuation due to line movement (6276) — 61

Vapor formation during water hammer (6l*+l) 50 See also SURGES, PRESSURE

WATER LANDING IMPACT

See IMPACT

WATER LEVEL

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

WATER QUALITY

Chambers for mixing waters of different

qualities (5865) I6

Coarse media effects on properties of

recharged water (2535) '+7 Control by conjunctive use of water supplies

of different salt content (6665) 17

Cyclic changes of various water properties

in deep stratified reservoirs (6712) 2*+6 Effect of logging on water quality of Alaska

pink salmon streams (3535) 1^+6 Effect of pesticide residues (Ol+OW) 98

Effect of stratified flow in reservoirs on quality (056W) — 227

Effect on salmon in Duwamish estuary (05OW) ll+6 Engineering-project effect on surface-water

quality (61+00) 125

Feasibility of telemetry of water quality

parameters (6528) 139

Groundwater change at Severance, Colo. (588O) — 22

Land use effects in forested mountain

watersheds (5I+I3) 22

Management; benefit-cost approach (6177) 27

Physical and biological changes in ground and

surface water from man's activities (002W) 2k

Prediction for Wenatchee River, Wash. (6156) 11+*+ Stream quality study in Arkansas (6l52) 2 Surface-water hydrologic systems management

for qmlity control (6223)- - - 12 Watershed environment related to microbial

dynamics (5^07) 22

WATER REQUIREMENTS

Agricultural water needs for State of Idaho

(6701+) — -- —- 1+1+

315
WATER REQUIKEMEMTS (continued) Page

Of marshland adjacent to Great Salt Lake

(3530) 133

Supplying peak municipal demand with variahle

quality desalted water and artificial underground reservoir (Olj-TW) Ikl

WATER RESOURCES

Arkansas and Oklahoma water resources planning study (OOlW) 2 Atlas for State of Washington (6158) Ikh

Atmospheric resources in Utah (5750) I36

Benefit-cost inventory for treatment selection

(6177) - 27

Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater;

optimization (6665) 17

Effect of mineralized springs on Utah's water

resources (0i4-8w) ikl

Hydrologic atlas of Utah (653I) I'+O In carbonate karst terrain (O3OW) 82

Integration of resources of Bear, Weber and

Jordan Rivers, Utah (6518) I38

Of Idaho streams (5167) k3

Preliminary inventory, State of Idaho (67O5)

Similarity between rail-transport and water- resource systems ('<-5^3) 50

State water plan investigation, Utah (0i+2W) ll+O Systems analysis and mathematical models in resource planning (5115) 70

Systems analysis using operations research

{h'?h3) - 50

WATER REUSE

Feasibility of livestock waste disposal system

involving reuse of water (03^W) 87

WATER RIGHTS

Engineering-hydrologic analysis of water

rights (OOl+W) 25

WATERSHED ANALYSIS

Alaska, Delta River drainage basin (S'i&k) I80

Basins formed from glacial moraine {660k) 257

Correlation and synthesis of watershed

research results (069W) 165

Effect of various vegetation on hydrology

of No. Carolina watersheds (3306) 2h9

Effects of gradual urbanization (6606) 258

Forest management effect on hydrology of

Citlco Creek research watershed (ij-Oll) 2h9

Geophysical methods employed to find

hydrologic properties of substrata (2658) 175

Glenn Creek Basin, Fairbanks, Alaska (6385) I80

Hydrologic characterization of small watersheds (Ol6w) —- 59

Hydrology of forested bog watersheds (3887) I65

Investigation of use of mathematical models

for small watersheds {329k) 91

Laboratory watershed system used for basic

study of watershed hydraulics (4906) 50

Mathematical model of lower reaches of

Kansas River drainage system (026w) 6I

Mathematical models of small watershed

floods (OO3W) 25

Models, see HYDROLOGIC MODELS

Northern Alaska, hydrology of small basin on coastal plain (6383) 179

Peak flows, small drainage basins in southern

Ontario {6k95) 2.6k Physical and economic analysis as related to soil and water conservation (OITW) 59 Prediction of small watershed performance

by nonlinear systems analysis (51'*-5) 15

Reforestation and erosion control effects,

Pine Tree Branch watershed, TVA (3309) 2k9

River basin hydrology, Kansas streams (021W) — 6I

Roughness of watersheds and conceptual river

systems (14-906) 50

WATERSHED ANALYSIS (continued) Page

Small Indiana watersheds (281+1) 100

Small Missouri watersheds {k662) 8I

Soil type, slope and vegetation effects,

Upper Bear Creek, ( TVA) {k&8k) 21+9 Techniques and model laws for laboratory

watersheds (3814-5) I33

Vegetal cover effects, east Tennessee (3308) — 21+9 See also HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS

See also RUNOFF

See also WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

Determining water loss to phreatophytes

(657B) - - 17*+ Effect of timber and gi-assland controls on water yield, Arizona watersheds (657C) 17*+ Flood and sediment reduction in California

conifer zone (1+998) I7I

Forest hydrology research in Mississippi

(2911+) --- 178

Hawaii wildland watersheds ( 5OOI) 173

Logging effect on streamflow, Oregon Cascades

(1^758) - 167

Practices affecting irrigation water supplies

(5395) - 21

Range-type watersheds in New Mexico (1969) 175

Research in Calif, and Hawaii forested

watersheds (1+997) 170

Research in chaparral zone, Arizona (657A) 173

Research in driftless area of southwestern

Wisconsin (3889) I65

Research in lower Michigan (389O) I66

Research in northern Minnesota (3887) I65

Research in Ozark-Ouachita Mts. forested

watersheds (3225) 179

Research in southeastern U.S. forested

watersheds (380) 177

Sagebrush watersheds in Wyoming (3569) 175

Southeast U.S. wetland forests (5813) I78

Steep, unstable southwest brushlands (1+999) 171

Techniques for mid-Columbia River forested

areas (1+757) I67

Water yield control in California snow zone

(1+996) 169

WATER STORAGE

Feasibility of storing fresh water in saline

aquifers (5711) 66

See also RESERVOIRS

WATER SUPPLIES

Construction of facilities in permafrost

areas (05I+W) - I8I

Farm water supplies in southern coastal

plains (1+81+1) 162

WATER TEMPERATURE

Diffusion and exchange of heat discharged into

rivers (I+88I) 21+5 Effect of dam construction on downstream

temperature (Ol+9W) II+5 Factors affecting stream temperature (5787) 92

Reservoirs and streams in TVA (769) 2l+8 See also COOLING WATER DISCHARGE

See also MODELS, RIVER

See also POLLUTION, THERMAL

See also WATER QUALITY

WATER TREATMENT

Benefit-cost approach (6177) 27

Clarification with centrifugal acceleration

(61+98) 261+ Electrokinetlc removal of pollutants (66OO) 126

Electi'ophoretic control in filtration of raw water supplies (58IO) 98

Removal of radioactive contaminants from

condenser cooling water. Browns Ferry,

TVA (6713) 21+6

316
WATER TREATMENT (continued) Page

See also FILTEIATION WATER TUMELS

See FACILITIES

WATER USE

Bv vegetation, Calif, moimtain watersheds

(23) - Ik

Determining water use by phreatophytes (657B)-- Vjk

Optimizing conjunctive use of surface and

groundwater (57^9) 135

Selected cities and industry (005W) 25

Sequential water use within a hydrologic

complex (57^8) I35

State water plan investigations, Utah i0k2V) ll+O WATER YIELD Determination of yield using tracers (5395) 21

Effect of different forest types (07OW) 165

Effect of forest-cover controls (380) I77

Effect of timber and grassland controls on yield from Arizona watersheds (657C) 17^1- Flood and sediment reduction in California

conifer zone {k998) I7I

Insuring maximum yield in watersheds denuded

by fire (i|-999) 171

Mid-Columbia River forested areas ('<-757) I67

Prediction for high mountain watersheds based

on physiography (5878) 22

Snowpack control research in Calif. (^4-996) I69

Vegetation effects in Chaparral zone, Arizona

(657A) 173

WATER YIELD, IMPROVEMENT OF

By decreasing evapotranspiration losses,

Hawaii (5001)-- 173

By snow deposition control, Colorado Alpine

areas (3895) 176 In glaciated mountain areas of New England

(067W) 165 In northern Appalachian Mt. Region (068w) I65

In snowpack timber zone, central Rocky Mts. (073W) 173

In southwest brushlands (5OOO) 172 In the Black Hills (2658) - 175

WAVES

Interaction between gravity waves and turbulent

fields (i4-229) II8

Scale effects in action through porous struc- tures (5818) 11

WAVES, ABSORBERS

Beach to stop reflections in towing tank

(6609) 75 Fixed, pneumatic and hydraulic devices for

minimizing reflections (615O) ih'y

Rubble-mound absorber characteristics (5635) 198

WAVES, BOTTOM PRESSURES

Power spectra of bottom pressures in near-shore

Gulf of Mexico (6297) 236

WAVES, BREAKING

Characteristics of plunging breakers (5328) 1.8h Pressures on vertical wall (6335) 236

(998) 187

(^908) 51

WAVES, CAPILLARY

Interaction among capillary-gravity waves

(3120) 84

WAVES, CLAPOTIS

Forces on vertical breakwater (998) I87

See also WAVES, STANDING

WAVES, CNOIDAL

Reflection over uneven bottom (6413) 72 Shoaling theory (4990) 128

WAVES, DAMPING

Damping by screens and other permeable

materials (1002) I88

Damping with secondary flows (6274) 26

WAVES, DAMPING (continued) Page

Decay and reflection in ice floes (6537) 122

Effect of drag reducing polymers on wave damping in tank (6829) 48 In channel with roijighened sides (4l28) 31

Interaction between gravity waves and

turbulent fields (4229) -- - II8

Summary of viscous damping of shallow-water

waves (6013) 218

WAVES, DIFFRACTION

Long waves and tsunamis around islands (4866)- 124

Wind-wave diffraction by semi-infinite breakwater and by bottom discontinuities (4934)-- 10

WAVES, DISPERSIVE

Beach runup of waves impulsively generated

near shore (6332) 236

Model for numerical computation of propagation

of waves generated by nuclear explosion

(6795) 105

Pressures on vertical wall (6335) 236

Run-up on plane-faced walls (6333) 236

WAVES, EDGE

Resonant edge waves on laboratory beaches

(5326) —- 184

WAVES, ENERGY FLUX

Energy flux perpendicular to direction of

propagation (4128) 3I

WAVES, EQUIPMENT

Design criteria for wave filters in harbor

models (1002) - 188

Generator and absorber studies (628l) 143

See also FACILITIES

See also WAVES, ABSORBERS

See also WAVES, GENERATORS

WAVES, EXPLOSION GENERATED

See WAVES, DISPERSIVE

WAVES, FIELD DATA

Height and length data collected at east coast stations in U.S. (660) 18I

WAVES, FLOATING BODIES ON

Dajnping effect of stabilizing plates on floating vertical cylinder (6536) 121

Motion of barge moored in ocean (5289) 51

Motion of spar-shape floats (6299) 14 Pressure distribution on heaving prolate

spheroid (4570) 13

Stochastic hydrodynamic analysis of ocean wave action on moored platforms (5289) 51

WAVES, FORCES

Breaking waves and clapotis against verticalwall breakwater (998) I87

Breaking waves on vertical wall (4908) 51

Dynamic response functions of ocean struc- tures (6699) 38

Dynamic response of offshore structures to random and periodic waves (3750) 68

Ocean wave simulation for engineering

design (5439) 11

On breakwaters of varying permeability (6760)- 33 On drilling platforms, theoretical (6232) 259

On piles and pile groups, analytical methods

(6627) 150

On piles and structures (5439) 11

On platforms moored in ocean (5289) 51

Pressure on underside of pier (6334) 236

Riprap stability under wave action (6486) I85

Spectral density for ocean wave forces (5439)- 11

Spheres submerged in waves, field study

(6075) — 40

Stability of causeway profiles (623O) 259

Submerged-pipeline experiments (6424) 78

Tsunami surge forces (5439) 11

Uplift forces on dock (6584) 8 Vertical-wall pressiffe due to dispersive

wave train (6335) 236

317
WAVES, FORECASTING Page

Automated prediction techniques on ocean- wide basis (Gk'yk) --— 237

Computer programs for surge prediction

(614-77) 2!+i4- Determination of scale at which synoptic

analysis is feasible (61t-75) 2kh

Global forecasts losing spacecraft data

(5^10) - - 85

Improvement of techniques for sea, swell and

surf prediction {6h^6) 214-14- Pacific Ocean wave forecasting study (614-12) 66

WAVES, GEKERATORS

A general purpose laboratory generator (5995)- 253

Generation of purely random seas (6609) 75 WAVES, GEMERA.TION Tsunamis generated by fault motion {622k) 12 WAVES, IN ICE FLOES

Wave decay and reflection in ice floes (6537)- 122

WAVES, IN HARBORS

See HARBORS

WAVES, INTERACTIONS

Between long and superposed short waves (561I4-) 2l8

Between waves and turbulent field (14-229) II8

WAVES, INTERNAL

Annotated bibliography (608l4-) 62

Field study by temperature measurements

(61^10) - 66

Generated by local disturbances (66I4-I4-) I4-I Generated by source or sink impulse (56I3) 2l8

Generated by spheres moving in linear

density gradient (I4-I4-OO) 217

Generated by stratified flow over barriers

(6612) - 1^ Generated by submerged body and its wake

(6173)- 79

Interaction with surface waves in shallow

water (6372) 2I4-2 Internal tides off California (I4-5OO) II3

Internal tides, waves and thermocHne

structure in coastal waters (6372) 214-2 Near-surface temperature and velocity effects

of internal waves (6390) 239

Sloshing in container with two liquids of

different density (65I4-3) 35 Temperature and velocity correlations from

vertically separated sensors in shallow

water (6220) - 105

WAVES, LONG

Amplification at small circular islands

(5893) 39 Penetration in narrow fiords (5685) 32

WAVES, MAPPING

World ocen mapped in special projection for

wind-wave study (6I4-II) 66

WAVES, MEASUREMENTS

See HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS, WAVES

WAVES, MODELS

See MODELS, WAVE ACTION

WAVES, OVERTOPPING

Effect of waves on proposed island site for

combined nuclear power and desalting

plant (6583) — - 8 Of shoreline structures (5I4-6O) 129

WAVES, PEAK

The limiting height of ocean waves (6607) 75 WAVES, PRESSURES

See WAVES, FORCES

WAVES, REFLECTION

Efficiency of fixed, hydraulic and pneumatic

devices for minimizing reflection (615O) II4-5 From cylindrical pile arrays (5821) 6h

From vertical walls in Lake Washington (61I4-9)- 114-5 Long waves over uneven bottom and obstacles,

theory (6l4l3)--- - 72

WAVES, REFLECTION (continued) Page

Transmission and reflection by rubble and

floating breakwaters, beaches, absorbers

(5635) - 198

WAVES, REFRACTION

Of wind waves (I4-93I4-) 10

Tide- level and bottom- friction effect (659I+)-- 238

Tsunami refraction at Crescent City, Calif.

(6865) 21k

WAVES, RESONATORS (5635) --- 198

WAVES, RIPPLES

Liquid surface with impinging gas jet (6II3) — 59 WAVES, ROLL

On vertical films formed by condensing vapor

(6111) - - 59

See also OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

WAVES, ROSSBY

Hydrodynamics of rotating systems (14-737) 150

WAVES, RUNUP

Analysis of field data at Nags Head, N.C. (2661) - 183

Beach runup, dispersive waves impulsively

generated near shore (6332) 236

Berms for protection of nuclear plant site

(6753) - 32 Comparison of laboratory run-up data from wind

and mechanically generated waves (14-155) 12lv (1+155A) — —- 63

Effect of berms on run-up (1(-155) 1214- (1+155A) 63

Impulsively generated waves, run-up on planefaced walls (6333) 236

On composite beaches (I4-I55A) 63

Tsunamis at Oahu, Hawaii (5896) I4-O Unusual standing wave in runup on laboratory

beaches (5326) 18I4- WAVES, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BY

Beach sco\ir at sea walls (5552) I2I4- (5552A) 6I4 Duned beds under oscillatory flow (551+5) 35 Equilibrium profile of beaches and study of

model scale effect (18I)--- I8I

Erosion at foundations of concrete-crib

breakwaters (6238) 260

Experiments on stability of beach fill

material (976) - - -- l82

Radioactive tracers for beach studies (3897)-- I83

Sand movement by wind and waves, Northern

California ( 14-930 ) 10

Transport by waves and currents in combination

(I4-898)— 32 See also COASTAL SEDIMENT

WAVES, SEICHES

Hilo Harbor, Hawaii, seiching study (589I+) '^•O Simulation and prediction with electrical

analogs (6087) 67

WAVES, SETUP

Model tests of wave setup, on beaches (3228)-- I83

WAVES, SHIP

See SHIPS, RESISTANCE

WAVES, SHOALING

Analysis with cnoidal-wave theory (14-990) 128

Deformation and breaking of solitary wave

(51+53) - - 116

Model tests of wave setup on beaches (3228) I83

Theory and experiment up to and beyond

breaking (I609) 68

WAVES, SOLITARY

Experiments on deformation and breaking

(5I453) — — - 116

Theory applied to \mdular jump (II4-67) I89

WAVES, SPECTRA

Fetch- limited; from airborne sea-swell

recorder (6I4-5I4-)- -— 237

318
WAVES, SPECTRA (continued) Page

Shallow-water spectra from calm to hwricanes in Gulf of Mexico (6297) I32

Spectral density for ocean wave forces (5^39)- H

WAVES, STANDING

High-order theory for two-dimensional case

(5^+59) 129

See also WAVES, CLAPOTIS

WAVES, SURGES

See SURGES, STORM

WAVES, THEORY

High-order theory for deep water waves (5598)- lh8

High-order theory for two-dimensional standing

waves (5^59) 129

Profiles and trajectories from conformal

mapping approach (6599) 239

Ranges of validity of various theories for

engineering use (6755) 33

Several theoretical problems in wave motion

(6572) - - 8l^ WAVES, TIDES

See TIDES

WAVES, TRANSMISSION

Through cylindrical pile arrays (5821) 6h

Through rubble breakwaters (563'*-) 198

See also WAVES, KEFLECTIOW

VAVES, TSUNAMIS

Electric analog analysis (6I32) 233

Energy evaluation from tide gauge records

using comparative analysis (6210) 235

Generated by horizontal fault moving normal

to channel {622k) 12 Numerical procedure for Interaction with

island (W66) 12l+ Run-up on Oahu, Hawaii (5896) kO

Theoretical refraction studies for Crescent

City, Calif. (6865) 21k

Tsunami-barrier plans for Hilo, Hawaii;

model (3903)- 190

Tsunami surge forces {3k39) 11

WAVES, WAVE TRAPS (5635) 198

WAVES, WHITECAPS

Onset of whitecapping with increased surface

wind speeds (6052) 87

WAVES, WIND

Characteristics observed in laboratory flume

(6072) ho

Directional spectra measurements; heights

from stereo photos {6k3k) 237

Directional spectra of laboratory wind waves

(i^93^) 10

Dynamics of wind in vicinity of waves (5^5^*:)-- II6

Effect of waves at interface on turbulent

air flow (6828) k8

Experimental verification and extension of

available generation theory (i^917) II6

Flow over moving boundary in relation to wind-generated waves (k^Vj) II6

Laboratory simulation of sea waves (5'+5'+) II6

Model study for protection of nuclear power

plant from storm waves (6505) 152

Numerical model to predict waves from extreme

wind system over coastal area (675^) 33 Observed particle motions (SkS'y) 2k3

Overtopping of shoreline structures (5^+60) 129

Reflection patterns in Lake Washington (61^4-9)- l'+5 Wave climate study, St. Lawrence Gulf (660I) — 263

Wind field near disturbed water surface (6389) 239

Wind speed and wave effect on evaporation

(6178) - 27

World ocean mapped in special projection for

wind-v;ave studies (6411) 66

WAVY SURFACES (SOLID)

See ROUGHNESS, WAVY

WEIGHTLESSNESS Page

Effect on liquid-vapor interface

(6338) (6339) (63iH) - 231

Effect on outflow of liquids from space

vehicle {63kO) -- - 231

Liquid propellent sloshing in low-gravity

environment (6063) Ilk

Simulation and scaling of slosh (6655) 23O

Sloshing in cylindrical flexible-bottom tanks

(6350) 39 Sloshing problems with low gravity (6292) I32

Sloshing under reduced gravity {S^kl) 232

Zero-gravity sloshing in partly filled tanks

(6543) — -— 35 WEIRS

Broad crested; submergence effect on discharge

(61^16) —- 73

Discharge characteristics of side weirs (57*4-0)- 8I

Leaping-weir regulator for low interception

(6255) - 261

Model tests of riprap stability for low-water

weirs (687I) 215

Trapezoidal weir calibration for submerged

flow (6316) 225

See also HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS

WELLS

Drawdown near wells in unconfined aquifers

;

non- steady (67314-) 92

Seepage patterns of groundwater to wells for

unconfined flow (Olij-W) 59 WIND FIELD

Near a wind-disturbed water surface (6389) 239

WINDROWS

See CIRCULATION, LAKES

WIND TUNNELS

See FACILITIES

WIND WAVES

See WAVES, WIND

WINGS

Shed wing vortices and their decay (5590) 95 See also LIFTING-SURFACE THEORY

WYES

See PIPE FLOW, FITTINGS

319 irV. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1969 O - 353-233


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