NATIONAL BUREAU OF

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9,2015.

STANDARDS REPUKi

7730

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V. Ryan, E. C. Tuma and D. K. Ward

referencei

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950, These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent

with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the

Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic

and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services,

and various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government

agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau’s

unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover.

Publications

The results of the Bureau’s research are published ei.ther in the Bureau’s own series of publications or

in the journals of professiUnal and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections,

presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and pre- liminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions provides data for determining

the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world, There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series, Handbooks, Miscellaneous Publications,

and Technical Notes. A complete listing of the Bureau's publications can !>e found in National Bureau of Standards Circular

460, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards, 1901 to June 1947 (SI. 25), and the Supplement to National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, July 1947 to June 1957 (SI. 50), and Miscellaneous Publication 240,

July 1957 to June 1960 (Includes Titles of Papers Published in Outside Journals 1950 to 1959) ($2.25); available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

1002-12-10472 January 15, 1963 7780

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES

of

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V. Ryan, E. C. Tuma, D* K. Ward

Fire Research Section

Building Research Division

Sponsored by:

Department of the Navy

Bureau of Yards and Docks

Reference: Task Y-F015-15-102

NBS File No. 10.02/10^72

IMPORTANT NOTICE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORTS are usually preliminary or progress accounting documents intended

for use within the Government. Before material in the reports is formally published it is subjected to additional evaluation and review. For this reason, the publication, reprinting, reproduction, or open-literature listing of this Report, either in whole or in part, is not authorized unless permission is obtained in writing from the Office of the Director, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D.C. Such permission is not needed, however, by the Government agency for which

the Report has been specifically prepared if that agency wishes to reproduce additional copies for its own use.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL OUREAU OF STANDARDS

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V. Ryan, E. C. Tuma, D. K. Ward

1. Introduction

The purpose of this project is the development of criteria

for the fabrication of jet exhaust resistant concretes. Concretes under development are evaluated by exposure to hot gases

from a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber delivers

these gases at velocities and temperatures approaching field

conditions

.

2. Activities

One specimen was subjected to the simulated jet test; it

and one other were subjected to jet impingement. Both specimens

spalled. The temperature data from the instrumented specimen

were similar to those shown in NBS Report 77llb-, but much higher

pressures were observed than had been observed in earlier tests.

This was believed to result from an improvement in the measuring

technique

.

Beams cut from specimens sent from Memphis NAS were tested

in flexure, and compression tests were made on ends from the

broken beams.

Most of the effort during the quarter was devoted to the

preparation of specimens for future work. A total of 82 specimens were cast during the quarter.

2.1 Temperature Gradients

One cylindrical specimen was subjected to the simulated

jet test. This specimen was identical to that shown in Figure 1

of NBS Report 77^-m-

.

It was of Di-1 concrete and had been dried

84 days in an atmosphere at 70°F and 50 percent relative humidity.

The temperature data were similar to those shown in Figure 2

of NBS Report 7744.
2

2.2 Pressure Measurements

Pressure measurements were made during the test mentioned

in 2.1. The technique for obtaining these measurements had been

modified, and apparently improved. A pulse of pressure over

750 psi, and sustained pressure of about ^-00 psi were observed.

These are much higher than those observed in earlier tests,

even though this specimen had been dried for a longer period.

2.3 Spalling Behavior

The specimen spalled, both when exposed to the simulated

jet, and when exposed on the back surface to the jet impingement.

The amounts of concrete displaced, as determined by sand

volume, are given in Table 1. The data for earlier specimens

of the same group, as given in NBS Report 77bk, are repeated to

facilitate comparisons.

The spalling behavior of the six specimens (Di-1 and BF-1)

showed that the simulated jet test was more severe than the

jet impingement. Therefore, future work will not include the

use of the simulated test.

2.b Strength Measurements

Strengths in flexure, shear, and compression on specimens

of Di-1 concrete, the same batch from which the specimen tested

above was cast, were completed in the preceding quarter, and

were described in NBS Report 77bk. However, the data are

repeated in Table 1, for completeness of the latter.

2.5 Non-NBS Specimen

The last of three 18- by 18 - by 6-in. specimens received

from a contractor pouring concrete at the U. S. Naval Air

Station, Memphis, Tennessee, was subjected to jet impingement,

and spalled. The spalled volume and other data are given in

Table 1, along with those for the first two specimens, which

had been tested during the preceding quarter. The three specimens were each sawed into three beams approximately 6- by 6-

by l8-in. These beams were broken in flexure, and the beam

ends broken in compression.

The moduli of rupture, determined in flexure, ranged from

80 psi to 350 psi. Those of the three beams that included the

jet damaged centers of the original specimens averaged 290 psi,

whereas those of the other six beams averaged 180 psi.
- 3 -

Examination of the broken concrete after the flexure and

compression tests substantiated estimates made after the jet

impingement tests: that the coarse -aggregate of the concrete

contained approximately equal volumes of slag, g'las's, and gravel

2.6 New Specimens Prepared

A total of 82 specimens were cast of diabase aggregate

concrete. These include specimens for jet impingement, flexure

shear, and compressive strength tests, and permeability

measurements. The jet impingement specimens were instrumented

for temperature and pressure measurements, and some of them

included probes to permit measurement of electrical resistance

as an indication of the state-of -dryness at various depths

during conditioning. A form with the described instrumentation

is shown in Figure 1.

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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Luther H. Hodges, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V, Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its major laboratories in Washington, D.C., and

Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work.

In general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering) in the field indicated by

its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the inside of the

front cover. WASHINGTON, D. C.

Electricity. Resistance and Reactance. Electrochemistry. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements

Dielectrics. High Voltage.

Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Refractometry. Photographic Research. Length. Engineering Metrology.

Mass and Scale. Volumetry and Densimetry.

Heat. Temperature Physics. Heat Measurements. Cryogenic Physics. Equation of State. Statistical Physics.

Radiation Physics. X-ray. Radioactivity. Radiation Theory. High Energy Radiation. Radiological Equipment.

Nucleonic Instrumentation. Neutron Physics.

Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry. Pure Substances. Spectrochemistry. Solution Chemistry. Standard Refer- ence Materials. Applied Analytical Research. Crystal Chemistry.

Mechanics. Sound. Pressure and Vacuum. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics. Rheology. Combustion

Controls.

Polymers. Macromolecules: Synthesis and Structure. Polymer Chemistry. Polymer Physics. Polymer Characterization. Polymer Evaluation and Testing. Applied Polymer Standards and Research. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Engineering Metallurgy. Microscopy and Diffraction. Metal Reactions. Metal Physics. Electrolysis

and Metal Deposition.

Inorganic Solids. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Solid State Chemistry. Crystal Growth. Physical Properties.

Crystallography.

Building Research. Structural Engineering. Fire Research. Mechanical Systems. Organic Building Materials.

Codesand Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Inorganic Building Materials. Metallic Building Materials.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics. Operations Research.

Data Processing Systems. Components and Techniques. Computer Technology. Measurements Automation.

Engineering Applications. Systems Analysis.

Atomic Physics. Spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy. Far Ultraviolet Physics. Solid State Physics. Electron

Physics. Atomic Physics. Plasma Spectroscopy.

Instrumentation. Engineering Electronics. Electron Devices. Electronic Instrumentation. Mechanical Instru- ments. Basic Instrumentation.

Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Molecular Spectroscopy. Elementary Processes. Mass Spectrometry. Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry.

Office of Weights and Measures. BOULDER, COLO.

Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials. Cryogenic Technical Services.

CENTRAL RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY

Ionosphere Research and Propagation. Low Frequency and Very Low Frequency Research. Ionosphere Research. Prediction Services. Sun*Earth Relationships. Field Engineering. Radio Warning Services. Vertical

Soundings Research.

Radio Propagation Engineering. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Radio Noise. Tropospheric Measurements.

Tropospheric Analysis. Propiagation-Terrain Effects. Radio-Meteorology. Lower Atmosphere Physics.

Radio Systems. Applied Electromagnetic Theory. High Frequency and Very High Frequency Research. Fre- quency Utilization. Modulation Research. Antenna Research. Radiodetermination.

Upper Atmosphere and Space Physics. Upper Atmosphere and Plasma Physics. High Latitude Ionosphere

Physics. Ionosphere and Exosphere Scatter. Airglow and Aurora. Ionospheric Radio Astronomy.

RADIO STANDARDS LABORATORY

Radio Physics. Radio Broadcast Service. Radio and Microwave Materials. Atomic Frequency and Time-Interval

Standards. Radio Plasma. Millimeter-Wave Research.

Circuit Standards. High Frequency Electrical Standards. High Frec^iencv Calibration Services. High Frequency

Impedance Standards. Microwave Calibration Services. Microwave Circuit Standards. Low Frequency Calibration

Services.