# Patent

## Title
Agricultural adjuvant compostions, pesticide compositions, and methods for using such compositions

## Abstract

An adjuvant composition that contains, based on 100 parts by weight of the adjuvant composition (a) one or more betaine surfactant compounds, and (b) one or more surfactant compounds selected from, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols is useful as a component of pesticide compositions.

## Background
This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/598,929, filed Nov. 14, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/736,610, filed Nov. 14, 2005. The entire contents of these applications are explicitly incorporated herein by this reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to agricultural adjuvant compositions, pesticide compositions, and methods for using such compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many agricultural pesticides, including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, miticides, and plant growth regulators, are applied in the form of a liquid composition. In addition to the pesticide and a solvent, such liquid compositions typically include one or more adjuvant compounds intended to improve one or more properties of the liquid composition, such as for example, storage stability, ease of handling, pesticide efficacy against target organisms.
There is a continuing interest in pesticide compositions that exhibit improved properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to an adjuvant composition comprising,

    (a) one or more betaine surfactant compounds, and
    (b) one or more surfactant compounds selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.


In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a pesticide composition, comprising:

    (a) one or more betaine surfactant compounds,
    (b) one or more surfactant compounds selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols, and
    (c) an effective amount of a pesticide.


In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for treating a target plant, comprising applying the above described pesticide composition to such plant.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As used herein, the term “alkyl” means a saturated straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, such as for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, n-hexyl, and cyclohexyl.
As used herein, the term “alkoxy” means an oxy radical that is substituted with an alkyl group, such as for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, and butoxy. As used herein in reference to an organic compound, the term “alkoxylated” means that the compound comprises one or more alkoxy or, more typically, poly(alkyleneoxy) moieties, such as, for example a poly(ethyleneoxy), poly(propyleneoxy), or poly(ethlyeneoxypropyleneoxy) moiety and the term “ethoxylated” means that the compound comprises at least one ethoxy or poly(ethyleneoxy) moiety. As used herein in reference to a poly(alkyleneoxy) moiety, the notation “(n)”, wherein n is an integer, indicates the number of alkyleneoxy monomeric units in the poly(alkyleneoxy) moiety. For example such as “ ethoxylated (15) tridecyl alcohol” means a tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated with 15 moles of ethyleneoxy units per mole of tridecyl alcohol.
As used herein, the term “alkenyl” means an unsaturated straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, such as, for example, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, and 2-propenyl.
As used herein, the term “aryl” means a monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing one or more six-membered carbon rings in which the unsaturation may be represented by three conjugated double bonds, which may be substituted one or more of carbons of the ring with hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, or amino, such as, for example, phenoxy, phenyl, methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, chlorophenyl, trichloromethylphenyl, aminophenyl, and tristyrylphenyl.
As used herein, the term “arylene” means a divalent unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing one or more six-membered carbon rings in which the unsaturation may be represented by three conjugated double bonds, which may be substituted one or more of carbons of the ring with hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, or amino, such as, for example, phenylene, methylphenylene, trimethylphenylene, aminophenylene, and tristyrylphenylene.
As used herein, the term “aralkyl” means an alkyl group substituted with one or more aryl groups, such as, for example, phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, and triphenylmethyl.
As used herein, the term “aralkenyl” means an alkenyl group substituted with an aryl group, such as, for example, phenylethenyl, and phenylpropenyl.
As used herein, the term “aryloxy” means an oxygen radical substituted with an aryl group, such as, for example, phenoxy, methylphenoxy, and trimethylphenoxy.
As used herein, the terminology “(Cn-Cm)” in reference to an organic group, wherein n and m are each integers, indicates that the group may contain from n carbon atoms to m carbon atoms per group.
As used herein, the term “agronomically acceptable salts” refers to salts prepared from agronomically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids including inorganic or organic bases and inorganic or organic acids. Typical agronomically acceptable salts the compound referred to herein comprise an anion derived from the compound, for example, by deprotonation of a hydroxy or hydroxyalkyl substituent, and one or more positively charged counterions. Suitable positively charged counterions include inorganic cations and organic cations, such as for example, sodium cations, potassium cations, calcium cations, magnesium cations, isopropylamine cations, ammonium cations, and tetraalkylammonium cations.
Betaine surfactant compounds are generally known compounds. In one embodiment, the betaine surfactant compound comprises one or more compounds according to formula (I):




wherein:

R1, R2, and R3 are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl,
alkylamidoalkyl, or —CH2COOH,
or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof.
In one embodiment, R1 and R2 are each independently (C1-C6)alkyl, more typically methyl, and R3 is (C1-C30)alkyl, more typically (C8-C18)alkyl.
In one embodiment, R1 and R2 are each independently (C1-C6)alkyl, more typically methyl, and R3 is alkylamidoalkyl, more typically (C1-C30)alkylamido(C1-C6)alkyl.
Suitable betaines include, for example, decyl dimethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, coco dimethyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine, and mixtures thereof.
Alkyl ether sulfate surfactant compounds are generally known compounds and include agronomically acceptable salts of alkoxylated alkyl sulfates. In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises one or more alkyl ether sulfate surfactant compounds according to formula (II):




wherein:

each R4 is independently H or methyl,
R5 is alkyl,
m is an integer of from 1 to 100 , more typically from 1 to 50 , and
X+ is an agronomically acceptable cation.
In one embodiment, R5 is (C1-C30)alkyl, more typically (C8-C18)alkyl.
In one embodiment, each R4 is H and is from 1 to about 10.
Suitable alkyl ether sulfate surfactant compounds, include, for example, sodium (C8-C10)alkyl ether sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate.
Sulfonate surfactant compounds are generally known compounds and include agronomically acceptable salts of mono-sulfonic acids, agronomically acceptable salts of di-sulfonic acids, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises one or more sulfonate surfactant compounds according to formula (III) or (IV):




wherein:

R6 is aryl, aryloxy, or alkenyl,
R7 and R7′ are each independently arylene, and
X+ is an agronomically acceptable cation.
In one embodiment, R6 is phenyl, (C8-C18)alkylphenyl, or (C8-C18)alkylphenoxy.
In one embodiment, R7 and R7′ are each (C8-C18)alkylphenylene.
Suitable sulfonate surfactant compounds include, for example, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, calcium octadecylphenyl sulfonate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, isopropylamine dodecyl benzene sulfonate, isopropylamine tridecyl benzene sulfonate, ammonium tridecyl phenyl sulfonate, sodium (C8-C18)alkylphenoxysulfonate, sodium xylene sulfonate,sodium (C14-C16)alpha olefin sulfonate, disodium alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonates such as, for example, DOWFAX 2A1 (Dow Chemical Company), and mixtures thereof.
Sulfosuccinate surfactant compounds are generally known compounds and include agronomically acceptable salts of mono-esters of sulfosuccinic acid, agronomically acceptable salts of di-esters of sulfosuccinic acid, each of which may, optionally, be alkoxylated, as well as mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises one or more sulfosuccinate surfactant compounds according to formula (V):




wherein:

A and A′ are each independently —O−X+, or




provided that at least one of A and A′ is





each R8 is independently H or methyl,
each R9 is independently H, alkyl, aryl, or alkylamidoalkyl,
each n is independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to about 100,
more typically from 1 to 50 , and
each X+ is an agronomically acceptable cation.
In one embodiment, one of A and A′ is —O−X+, and the other of A and A′ is




wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to about 20 , and R9 is (C6-C18)alkyl, (C1-C18)alkylphenyl, or (C6-C18)alkylamido(C2-C6)alkyl.

In one embodiment, A and A′ are each




wherein each n is independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to about 20 , and each R9 is (C6-C18)alkyl, (C1-C18)alkylphenyl, or (C6-C18)alkylamido(C2-C6)alkyl.

Suitable sulfosuccinicate surfactant compounds include, for example, disodium monooctylsulfosuccinate, sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, disodium laurimide (MEA) sulfosuccinate, disodium mono-alkylphenyl ether sulfosuccinate, and mixtures thereof.
Alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant compounds are generally known compounds and include agronomically acceptable salts of alkoxylated carboxylic acids. In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises one or more alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant compounds according to formula (VI):




wherein:

each R10 is independently H or methyl,
R11 is alkyl or alkenyl,
p is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 100 , more typically an integer of from 1 to 50 , and
X+ is an agronomically acceptable cation.
In one embodiment, R11 is (C8-C18)alkyl.
In one embodiment, each R10 is H and p is an integer of from 1 to about 10.
Suitable alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant compounds include, for example, sodium laureth-13 carboxylate.
In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises one or more alkoxylated fatty acid surfactant compounds. The fatty acid portion of such alkoxylated fatty acid surfactant compounds is derived from a saturated or unsaturated mono- or di-fatty acids, typically (C6-C30) fatty acids, such as, for example, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, behenic acid, erucic acid, or a mixture thereof, including vegetable oils, such as, for example, tall oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, soy oil, coconut oil, castor oil, corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, flax seed oil, palm kernel oil, and mixtures thereof. These acids are alkoxylated with from 2 to 20 moles, more typically from 5 to 20 moles of a (C2-C4)alkylene oxide, more typically, ethylene oxide.
Alkoxylated alcohol surfactant compounds are generally known compounds. In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises one or more alkoxylated alcohol surfactant compounds according to formula (VII):




wherein

each R12 is independently H or methyl,
R13 is alkyl or alkenyl,
q is an integer of from 1 to 100 , more typically from 1 to 50, or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof.
In one embodiment, R13 is (C6-C22)alkyl.
In one embodiment, each R12 is H and q is an integer of from 1 to about 30.
Suitable alkoxylated alcohol surfactant compounds include, for example, ethoxylated (15) tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (7) lauryl alcohol, ethoxylated (20) oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated (15) stearyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
The adjuvant composition comprises a non-zero amount of the one or more betaine surfactant compounds and a non-zero amount of one or more surfactant compounds selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols. As used herein, “non-zero amount” means an amount greater than 0.
In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight (“pbw”) of the adjuvant composition:

    (a) greater or equal to than about 0.1 pbw, more typically from about 1 pbw to about 99 pbw, even more typically from about 1 pbw to about 50 pbw, and still more typically from about 5 pbw to about 25 pbw, of one or more betaine surfactant compounds, and
    (b) greater or equal to than about 0.1 pbw, more typically from about 0.001 pbw to about 0.1 pbw, even more typically from about 0.005 pbw to about 0.095 pbw, and still more typically from about 0.02 pbw to about 0.08 pbw, of one or more surfactant compounds selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.


In one embodiment of the adjuvant composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one alkyl ether sulfate surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.
In one embodiment of the adjuvant composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one sulfonate surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.
In one embodiment of the adjuvant composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one sulfosuccinate surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.
In one embodiment of the adjuvant composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols
In one embodiment of the adjuvant composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one alkoxylated fatty acid surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alkoxylated alcohols
In one embodiment of the adjuvant composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one alkoxylated alcohol surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alkoxylated fatty acids.
In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, per 1 pbw betaine component of such adjuvant composition, from about 0.1 to about 10 , more typically from about 1 to about 8 , and even more typically from about 2 to about 5 pbw, of one or more surfactant compounds selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.
Suitable pesticides are biologically active compounds used to control agricultural pests and include, for example, herbicides, plant growth regulators, crop dessicants, fungicides, bacteriocides, bacteriostats, insecticides, and insect repellants. Suitable pesticides include, for example, triazine herbicides such as metribuzin, hexaxinone, or atrazine; sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron; uracils such as lenacil, bromacil, or terbacil; urea herbicides such as linuron, diuron, siduron, or neburon; acetanilide herbicides such as alachlor, or metolachlor; thiocarbamate herbicides such as benthiocarb, triallate; oxadiazolone herbicides such as oxadiazon; phenoxyacetic acids such as 2,4-D; diphenyl ether herbicides such as fluazifop, acifluorfen, bifenox, or oxyfluorfen; dinitro aniline herbicides such as trifluralin; organophosphonate herbicides such as glyphosate salts and esters; dihalobenzonitrile herbicides such as bromoxynil, or ioxynil, dipyridilium herbicides such as paraquat. Suitable fungicides include, for example, nitrilo oxime fungicides such as cymoxanil; imidazole fungicides such as benomyl, carbendazim, or thiophanate-methyl; triazole fungicides such as triadimefon; sulfenamide fungicides, such as captan; dithio-carbamate fungicides such as maneb, mancozeb, or thiram; chloronated aromatic fungicides such as chloroneb; dichloro aniline fungicides such as iprodione, strobilurin fungicides such as kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin or azoxystrobin; chlorothalonil; copper salt fungicides such as copper oxychloride; sulfur; phenylamides; and acylamino fungicides such as metalaxyl or mefenoxam. Suitable insecticides, include, for example, carbamate insecticides, such as methomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, or aldicarb; organo thiophosphate insecticides such as EPN, isofenphos, isoxathion, chlorpyrifos, or chlormephos; organophosphate insecticides such as terbufos, monocrotophos, or terachlorvinphos; perchlorinated organic insecticides such as methoxychlor; synthetic pyrethroid insecticides such as fenvalerate, abamectin or emamectin benzoate, neonicotinoide insecticides such as thiamethoxam or imidacloprid; pyrethroid insecticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin or bifenthrin, and oxadiazine insecticides such as indoxacarb, imidachlopryd, or fipronil. Suitable miticides include, for example, propynyl sulfite miticides such as propargite; triazapentadiene miticides such as amitraz; chlorinated aromatic miticides such as chlorobenzilate, or tetradifan; and dinitrophenol miticides such as binapacryl. Suitable nematicides include carbamate nematicides, such as oxamyl.
Pesticide compounds are, in general, referred herein to by the names assigned by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO common names may be cross-referenced to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (“IUPAC”) and Chemical Abstracts Service (“CAS”) names through a number of sources such as, for example, the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names , which is available on-line at http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/index.html.
In one embodiment, the pesticide comprises one or more compounds selected from group consisting of herbicides, plant growth regulators, crop dessicants, fungicides, bacteriocides, bacteriostats, insecticides, miticides, nematocides, and insect repellants.
In one embodiment, the pesticide comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of glufosinate, glyphosate, water soluble glufosinate salts, water soluble glyphosate salts, and mixtures thereof, including, for example sodium, potassium, isopropyl amine, and ammonium salts.
In one embodiment, the pesticide comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the potassium salt of glyphosate, the sodium salt of glyphosate, the isopropyl amine salt of glyphosate, the ammonium salt of glyphosate.
Herbicidal compositions containing glyphosate or derivatives thereof are used to control a very wide variety of plants worldwide and can, when applied to the target plant in a herbicidally effective amount, reportedly control one or more target plant species of one or more of the following genera: Abutilon, Amaranthus, Artemisia, Asclepias, Avena, Axonopus, Borreria, Brachiaria, Brassica, Bromus, Chenopodium, Cirsium, Commelina, Convolvulus, Cynodon, Cyperus, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eleusine, Elymus, Equisetum, Erodium, Helianthus, Imperata, Ipomoea, Kochia, Lolium, Malva, Oryza, Ottochloa, Panicum, Paspalum, Phalaris, Phragmites, Polygonum, Portulaca, Pteridium, Pueraria, Rubus, Salsola, Setaria, Sida, Sinapis, Sorghum, Triticum, Typha, Ulex, Xanthium and Zea , including annual broadleaf species such as, for example, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), pigweed (Amaranthus spp.), buttonweed (Borreria spp.), oilseed rape, canola, indian mustard, etc. (Brassica spp.), commelina (Commelina spp.), filaree (Erodium spp.), sunflower (Helianthus spp.), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), kochia (Kochia scoparia), mallow (Malva spp.), wild buckwheat, smartweed, etc. (Polygonum spp.), purslane (Portulaca spp.), russian thistle (Salsola spp.), sida (Sida spp.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and cocklebur (Xanthium spp.), annual narrowleaf species such as for example, wild oat (Avena fatua), carpetgrass (Axonopus spp.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), rice (Oryza sativa), ottochloa (Ottochloa nodosa), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), canarygrass (Phalaris spp.), foxtail (Setaria spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and corn (Zea mays), perennial broadleaf species such as, for example, mugwort (Artemisia spp.), milkweed (Asclepias spp.), canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and kudzu (Pueraria spp.), perennial narrowleaf species such as for example, brachiaria (Brachiaria spp.), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), purple nutsedge (C. rotundus), quackgrass (Elymus repens), lalang (Imperata cylindrica), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), guineagrass (Panicum maximum), dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum), reed (Phragmites spp.), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and cattail (Typha spp.), and other perennial species such as, for example, horsetail (Equisetum spp.), bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), blackberry (Rubus spp.), and gorse (Ulex europaeus).
As used herein, the terminology “effective amount” in reference to the relative amount of a pesticide in a pesticide composition means the relative amount of pesticide that is effective to control the growth of a target organism, for example, a target plant, fungus, bacterium, or insect, when the pesticide composition is applied to the organism at a given application rate.
In one embodiment, the pesticide is glyphosate herbicide and the pesticide composition is an herbicide composition that comprises a herbicidally effective amount of glyphosate.
As used herein, the terminology “an herbicidally effective amount” in reference to the relative amount of herbicide in an herbicidal composition means the relative amount that is effective to control growth of a target plant when the herbicidal composition is spray applied to the target plant at a given application rate.
The adjuvant composition comprises a non-zero amount of the one or more betaine surfactant compounds and a non-zero amount of one or more surfactant compounds selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.
In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises, based on 100 pbw of the adjuvant composition:

    (a) greater than or equal to about 0.001 part by weight, more typically from about 0.001 pbw to about to about 0.1 pbw, even more typically from about 0.001 pbw to about 0.05 pbw, and still more typically from about 0.005 pbw to about 0.025 pbw, of one or more betaine surfactant compounds,
    (b) greater than or equal to about 0.001 part by weight, more typically from about 0.001 pbw to about 0.1 pbw, even more typically from about 0.005 pbw to about 0.095 pbw, and still more typically from about 0.02 pbw to about 0.08 pbw, of one or more surfactant compounds selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols, and
    (c) an effective amount of a pesticide.


In one embodiment of the pesticide composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one alkyl ether sulfate surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.
In one embodiment of the adjuvant composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one sulfonate surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.
In one embodiment of the pesticide composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one sulfosuccinate surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols.
In one embodiment of the pesticide composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkoxylated fatty acids, and alkoxylated alcohols
In one embodiment of the pesticide composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one alkoxylated fatty acid surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alkoxylated alcohols
In one embodiment of the pesticide composition, the one or more surfactants comprise at least one alkoxylated alcohol surfactant and may optionally further comprise one or more surfactants selected from alkyl ether sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alkoxylated fatty acids.
In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises, based on 100 pbw of the composition, from about 10 pbw to about 90 pbw, more typically from about 30 to about 60 pbw, glyphosate.
The adjuvant and pesticide compositions of the present invention may each, optionally, further comprise one or more agronomically acceptable solvent. Suitable solvents include, for example, water, and organic solvents, such as for example, alkylated aromatic solvents, such as toluene or alkylated naphthalenes and mineral oil fractions, such as paraffinic hydrocarbons.
In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition of the present invention is an aqueous composition and thus comprises water.
In one embodiment, the pesticide composition of the present invention is an aqueous composition and thus comprises water.
In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition of the present invention further comprises, based on 100 pbw of such composition, up to about 25 pbw an organic solvent.
In one embodiment, the pesticide composition further comprises a fertilizer. Such fertilizers can provide the primary nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium such as urea ammonium nitrate (30-0-0), 10-34-0 , secondary nutrients sulfur, calcium, magnesium such as ammonium thiosulfate 12-0-0-26S, micronutrient fertilizers containing zinc, iron, molybdenum, copper, boron, chlorine, magnesium, for example 0-0-1 3%-S; 3%-Zn; 2%-Fe; 2%-Mn and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises from about 85 to about 99 pbw, more typically from about 90 to about 99 pbw, and even more typically from about 93 to about 99 pbw, of a mixture of fertilizer and water.
In one embodiment, the pesticide composition of the present invention further comprises one or more water conditioners, such as for example, chelating agents, such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, complexing agents such as ammonium sulfate, and pH adjusting agents, such as citric acid and polyacrylic acid.
In one embodiment, the pesticide composition of the present invention comprises, based on 100 pbw of such composition, from about 0.1 to about 3 pbw, more typically from about 0.7 to about 2.5 pbw, of one or more water conditioners, typically ammonium sulfate.
The pesticide composition of the present invention may, optionally, further comprise other ingredients, such as one or more additional surfactants, one or more thickeners, such as polysaccharide thickeners, and polyacrylamide thickeners, as well as antifoams, spreaders, and drift control agents.
The adjuvant composition of the present invention is made by combining and mixing the components of such composition.
The pesticide composition of the present invention is made by mixing the ingredients together. In one embodiment, the pesticide composition is made by combining and mixing the adjuvant composition of the present invention, a pesticide compound, and water. Alternatively, the pesticide composition is made by combining and mixing the separate components of the adjuvant composition, a pesticide, and water.
In one embodiment, the pesticide composition is spray applied to foliage of a target plant at a rate of from about 0.5 pint/acre to about 3 pints/acre, more typically from about 0.5 pint/acre to about 2.5 pints/acre.
EXAMPLES 1-10 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES C1-C4
The pesticide compositions of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples C1-C4 were aqueous solutions made by combining the ingredients in the relative amounts (based on 100 pbw of the respective pesticide composition) set forth below and mixing:











EX #
Ingredients (pbw/100 pbw pesticide composition)







1
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



3.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of sodium lauryl ether sulfate,



ethoxylated with 1-3 moles ethylene oxide per mole)



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



57 pbw water


2
2.25 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



2.5 pbw tall oil fatty acid ethoxylated with 10 moles of ethylene



oxide per mole



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



57.25 pbw water


3
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



4.95 pbw tall oil fatty acid ethoxylated with 10 moles of ethylene



oxide per mole



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



55.55 pbw water


4
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



2.5 pbw tall oil fatty acid ethoxylated with 10 moles of ethylene



oxide per mole



1.12 pbw 45% aqueous solution of sodium alkylphenoxy benzene



sulfonate



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



56.88 pbw water


5
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



2.8 pbw 56% aqueous solution of ammonium (C8-C10)alkyl ether



sulfate, ethoxylated with 3 moles ethylene oxide per mole



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



57.7 pbw water


6
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



4 pbw sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



56.5 pbw water


7
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



3.75 pbw sodium laureth-13 carboxylate



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



56.75 pbw water


8
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



2 pbw disodium laurimide (MEA) sulfosuccinate



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



58.5 pbw water


9
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



5 pbw ethoxylated (20 moles ethylene oxide per mole) oleyl



alcohol



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



55.5 pbw water


10 
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



2 pbw ammonium xylene sulfonate



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



58.5 pbw water


C1
38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



62 pbw water


C2
3 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



59 pbw water


C3
1.5 pbw 30% aqueous solution of (C12-C14)alkyl dimethyl betaine



38 pbw glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (MON0139, Monsanto)



60.5 pbw water


C4
Roundup ® Ultramax









The efficacy of the compositions in controlling plant growth was tested by applying the compositions to the following plant species: Green Foxtail (“GRF”), Giant Foxtail (“GF”), Shattercane (“SC”), Barnyard Grass (“BG”), Redroot Pigweed (“PW”), Common Waterhemp (“WH”), Common
Purslane (“CP”), Kochia (“KO”), Velvetleaf (“VL”), Common Lambsquarter (“LQ”), Ivy Morning Glory (“MG”), at a rate of 0.5 pint per acre and at a rate of 1.0 pint per acre. Results for the 0.5 pint per acre application rate at 28 days post application are given in TABLE I below as percent control of plant growth for various plant species. Results for the 1.0 pint per acre application rate are given below in TABLE II as percent control of plant growth for various plant species.







TABLE I







28 Days, 0.5 pint/acre









% Control of Plant Growth


















Example #
GRF
GF
SC
BG
PW
WH
CP
KO
VL
LQ
MG





















1
100
100
84
77
100
100
100
91
78
85
91


2
100
100
91
83
100
100
73
72
68
88
91


3
100
100
73
63
100
100
95
73
73
73
78


4
100
100
79
62
100
100
88
71
42
78
91


5
100
98
58
63
100
100
73
58
78
63
88


6
100
99
58
68
100
100
78
63
30
58
86


7
100
100
88
86
100
100
68
73
62
90
78


8
100
100
73
72
100
100
78
58
28
73
81


9
100
100
91
92
100
100
83
73
83
87
83


10 
100
100
81
74
100
100
83
63
73
81
71


C1
100
97
38
38
100
100
22
48
22
18
62


C2
100
100
78
73
100
100
73
73
48
82
63


C3
100
100
73
68
100
100
58
82
63
73
80


C4
100
100
73
82
100
100
78
92
72
85
48
















TABLE II







28 Days, 1.0 pint/acre









% Control of Plant Growth


















Example #
GRF
GF
SC
BG
PW
WH
CP
KO
VL
LQ
MG





















1
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
93


2
100
100
100
100
100
100
94
100
85
100
90


3
100
100
95
88
100
100
100
94
89
94
86


4
100
100
94
78
100
100
100
90
91
94
96


5
100
100
68
68
100
100
100
83
94
72
88


6
100
100
84
78
100
100
96
83
83
83
92


7
100
100
94
88
100
100
96
94
83
91
94


8
100
100
88
88
100
100
100
94
82
92
91


9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
93
100
88


10 
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
100
73


C1
100
98
48
48
100
100
72
78
70
12
75


C2
100
100
88
91
100
100
85
98
73
91
78


C3
100
100
86
88
100
100
100
88
98
85
78


C4
100
100
86
91
100
100
94
100
88
94
71

## Claims

1. A pesticide composition, comprising, based on 100 parts by weight of the composition:
(a) from greater than or equal to about 0.001 part by weight to about 1 part by weight of a betaine surfactant compound comprising one or more compounds according to formula (I):




wherein:
R1 and R2 are each methyl and R3 is (C8-C18)alkyl,
(b) from greater than or equal to about 0.001 part by weight to about 10 parts by weight of one or more surfactant compounds selected from sulfonates according to formula (III) or (IV):




wherein:
R6 is dimethylphenyl, aryloxy, or alkenyl,
R7 and R7′ are each independently arylene, and
X+is an agronomically acceptable cation; sodium laureth-13 carboxylate; alkoxylated fatty acids and alkoxylated alcohols according to formula (VII):




wherein
each R12 is independently H or methyl,
R13 is alkyl or alkenyl,
q is an integer of from 1 to 100,
or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof; and
(c) an effective amount of a pesticide comprising one or more water soluble glyphosate salts.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein pesticide compound comprises one or more compounds selected from potassium salt of glyphosate, sodium salt of glyphosate, isopropyl amine salt of glyphosate, and ammonium salt of glyphosate.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more surfactant compounds comprise a sulfonate surfactant according to formula (III) or (IV).

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more surfactant compounds comprise sodium laureth-13 carboxylate.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more surfactant compounds comprise an alkoxylated fatty acid surfactant.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more surfactant compounds comprise an alkoxylated alcohol surfactant according to formula (VII).

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises, per 1 part by weight betaine component of the composition, from about 0.1 to about 10 part by weight of the one or more surfactant compounds selected from the sulfonates according to formula (III) or (IV), sodium laureth-13 carboxylate, the alkoxylated fatty acids, and the alkoxylated alcohols according to formula (VII).

8. The composition of claim 3, wherein the sulfonate surfactant according to formula (III) or (IV) is the sulfonate surfactant according to formula (III).

9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the sulfonate surfactant according to formula (III) is ammonium xylene sulfonate.

10. The composition of claim 5, wherein the alkoxylated fatty acid surfactant is ethoxylated tall oil fatty acid.

11. The composition of claim 6, wherein the alkoxylated alcohol surfactant is ethoxylated oleyl alcohol.

12. A method for treating a target plant to control the growth of the plant, comprising applying to the plant a pesticide composition according to claim 1.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the pesticide comprises one or more compounds selected from potassium salt of glyphosate, sodium salt of glyphosate, isopropyl amine salt of glyphosate, and ammonium salt of glyphosate.