### UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION III

1650 Arch Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103



### SUBJECT: Techn ical S up port Document for Virginia's Adoption of Control Techn iques Guidel in es for Offset Lithographic Pri n ting and Letterpress Printing; Industrial Solvent Cleaning Operations; Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives; and Miscellaneous Metal and Plastic Parts Coati ng fo r Co ntro l of Vo l at il e Organic Compound Em i ssions


### FROM:

TO:
THRU: Leslie Jones Doherty , Environmental Eng in eer Office of A ir Program Planning
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# r·**nsli~a 'Fe"'~';"n**  ez, SSOC ! ate !rector Office of Air Program Planning



### A. BACKGROUND
Section 172(c)(l) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) provides that state impl e me ntation plans (SIPs) for nonattainment areas must include reasonably availab le contro l meas ures (RACM) , includin g reasonabl y avai lable contro l technology (RACT), for sources of e missions. T he ozo ne transport region (OTR) is establ i shed by section 184 of the CAA

. Pursuant to section 184(b )( 1 )(B) of the CAA, all areas in the OTR must impl ement RACT with respect to sources of vo l at il e organic compounds (VOCs) in the state covered by a control techniques gu ide line (CTG) i ssued before or after November 1 5, 1 990. In addition, pursuant to CAA section 184 (b )(2), stationary sources in states o r portions of a state w ithin the OTR that emit at least 50 tons per year ofVOCs sha ll be considered major stati o n ary sou rces subject to requirements applicab l e to major stationary sources i f the area were classified as a Moderate nonattainment area in cluding requirements fo r CTGs and RACT. The northern porti on of Virginia is part of the Metropolitan Stati stical Area of the District Co lumbi a which is in the ozone transport region (OTR) established under section 184(a) of the CAA and therefore , must comply with section 18 4(b)( l )(B) and (2).
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines RACT as " th e lowest emission limi tatio n that a particular source is capable of meeting by the app li cation of contro l technology that is reaso n ably available considering technological and economic feas ibilit y." (44 FR 5376 1 , Sept. 17 , 1979)

. In subsequent Fede ra l Register notices , EPA has addressed how states can meet the RACT requ ire ments of the CAA.C TG s are intend e d to provide state and local air pollution contro l authoriti es information that s h o uld ass i s t th e m in determinin g R ACT for YOCs from v ariou s so urces, includin g offset litho g raphic printin g and l etterpress printing; indu s tri al so l ve nt cleaning o perati o n s; miscellan eo u s industria l adhes i ves; and mi sce llan e ous met a l an d p last ic parts coati n gs. In dev e l oping these CTGs, E P A, among ot he r thin gs, evaluated the sources of 

## voc e mi ss ions from these indu s tri es a nd the available con tro l approach es for addressin g th ese e mi ss i o n s, includin g the costs of s u c h approache s
. Based on avai labl e information and data , E PA provide s recommendation s fo r RACT for YOCs from offset lithographic print in g and letterpress prin tin g; indu s tri al so l vent cl eanin g ope ratio n s; mi sce llan eous industrial adh es i ves; a n d mi sce ll aneous m e tal and pla s ti c parts coating s.
The CTG recomm e nd a ti o n s may n ot a pp ly to a parti c ul ar s ituati o n based upon th e c ircumstances of a s p ec ific so urc e. Rega rdles s of wh e ther a S tat e choo ses to implem e nt th e r eco mmendation s co nta in ed within the CTGs thro u g h S tat e ru les , o r t o i ss ue State rul es th a t adopt differe nt approac hes f o r RACT for YOC s for offse t lith ographic printin g an d lette rpre ss printin g; industrial so l ven t cleaning o p erat io n s; mi sce ll aneous industria l ad hesives; and mi sce ll an eo u s m etal and pla s tic part s coatings, states mu s t s ubmit th eir RACT rule s to EPA fo r rev iew and app rova l as part of th e S IP process
. E PA w ill eval u ate the rule s a nd d e te rmin e, thro u g h n otice a n d co mm e nt rulemakin g in the S IP process , whether th ey m ee t the RACT req uirements of th e CAA and E P A's regulation s
. On Feb ruary I , 20 1 6 , Vi rg inia D e p artm e nt of Env ironmen t al Quality (V A D EQ ) s ubmitt ed to E P A three S IP re v i s ion s co nc e rning th e adopt io n of EPA C TG s for offset lith ograp hic printin g an d l e tterpr ess printing; industrial so l ven t c l eani n g operation s; mi sce ll a neo u s indu s tri a l a dhe s iv es; a nd mi sce llan eo u s m e tal and plasti c p art s coatings processes. EPA d eve lops CTGs as g uidance on control require m e nts for so urce categories. States can fo ll ow the CTGs o r adopt more r es tri ctive s tand ard s. The Co mm o nwea lth of Virginia has adopt ed E P A ' s CTG s tandard s for off se t li t h ograp hi c pr intin g and letterpress p rintin g; indu strial so lve nt cl ea nin g operations; m i sce llaneous indu s tri a l a dhe sives; a nd mi scella n eous m eta l and pl ast ic parts coatin gs proc esses
. The se re g ulati o n s are in 9V AC5 Chap ter 40

- Ex i sting Stat ionary So ur ces. Specificall y, the se r ev i s io n s amend Art icl e 53 an d adds Art icl es 56 and 56. 1 pertaining to offse t litho graph ic print i ng and le tte rpress printing ope ra tion s. These r evis ion s al so add Article 57 pertain in g to indu s tri a l so l ve nt cle aning processes and A rticl e 58 pert a inin g to mi sce ll aneous indu s tri a l adhesive processes. Lastl y, th ese rev i s ion s amend Article 34 and adds A rticl e 59 p e rt a inin g to mi sce ll a neo u s m e t a l and pla s tic part s coatin gs proc esses
. T he rev i s io n s a re summari ze d below.
B. OFFSET LITHOGRAPHIC AND LETTERPRESS PRINTING
l. Desc ription of EPA's Off se t Lithographic and Letterpress Printing C TG (EPA 453 / R-06-002, September 2006)
In 1993, E PA publi s h ed a draft CTG f o r o ff se t lithographi c printing (58 FR 5926 1 )

. Afte r reviewi n g comments on the draft CTG and soliciting additional inf o rmat io n to help clari fy those comments , EPA publi s hed an alternative co ntro l tech ni ques (ACT)

### document in June 1994 that provided supp lemental information for States to use in developing rules based on RACT for offset litho graphic printing. After reviewing the 1993 CTG and 1994 ACT for this industry, conducting a review of currently existing state and local VOC emission reduction approaches for th is indu stry, and taking int o account any information that has become available since then, EPA developed a new CTG entitled Control Techniques Guidelines for Offset Lithographic and Letterpress Printing (Pub lic ation No. EPA 453 / R-06-002; September 2006).
Offset lith ography is a planographic method of printing. The term "planograph i c" denotes that the printing and non-printing areas are in the same plane on the surface of a thin metal litho graphic plate. To maintain the distinction between the areas on the lithographic plate, the image area is rendered oil receptive , and the non-image area is rendered water receptive. Offset lithography is an indirect printing method; that is , ink is not transferred directly to a substrate. Rather , ink is transferred from the li thographic plate to a rubber-covered, intermediate "blanket" cy lind er and then transferred from the blanket cylinder to the substrate. T he offset lithographic process is used for a broad range of printing applications , including books , magazines , periodicals , labe ls and wrappers, catalogs and directori es, financia l and legal documents, business forms, advertising brochures, newspapers , newspaper inserts , charts and maps, calendars, tickets and coupons, greeting cards, and stamps. There are two types of offset lithography characte ri zed by the method in which the substrate i s fed to the press. In sheet-f ed printing, individual sheets of paper or other substrate are fed to the press. In web printing , continuous rolls of substrate material are fed to the press and rewound or cut to size after printing. VOC emissions from offset lithographic printing result from the evaporation of components of the inks , fountain sol uti ons, cleaning materials and other misce llaneous materials such as varnishes, coatings and glues. Letterpress inks are s imilar to offset lithographic inks. They are paste inks conta inin g petroleum oils or vegetable oi ls. Both sheet-fed and web presses are us e d for letterpress printing. Sheet

- fed letterp ress press es use co ld set ink s. Most web letterpress equipment use coldset ink s. These letterpress inks are similar in 

### compos ition and behavior to sheet

fed and coldset web lithographic ink s. In sheet-fed and co lde st we b letterpress printing , 95 percent of the petroleum ink oils and essentially all of the vegetable o il s are retained in the substrate and dry ink film. The remaining 5 percent of petroleum ink oils is volatilized and emitted. Because of the high l evel of ink oil retention, emissions from sheet-fed and coldset web letterpress inks are inherently very low.
There are three main sources ofVOC emissions from offset lithographic printing: (1) eva poration ofVOCs (petroleum ink oils) from the inks; (2) evaporation ofVOCs from the fountain solution; and (3) evaporation ofVOCs from the cleaning materials. There are two main sources ofVOC emissions from letterpress printing: (1) evaporation ofVOCs (petro l eum ink oils) from the inks , and (2) evaporation ofVOCs from the cleaning materials.EPA's R e c o mm e nd e d Co ntr o l Optio ns fo r O ff se t Lith og ra ph ic a nd Le tte rpress P r intin g
In t erms of appli ca bility , th e CTG recommends that the contro l s di sc u ssed sho uld apply to: ( I ) A heatset web offse t litho grap hi c printin g pre ss or heatse t web lett erpress printin g press that ha s p ote ntia l e mi ss ions from the drye r of25 to n s per year (tpy) of VOCs bef o re considerat ion of ad d- on controls ; a n d (2) all l etterpress prin ti n g and offse t lith ograp hi c printing and re lated cleaning act iv ities if th e total actu al VOC em i ss ions are equa l t o or grea ter than 450 lb s p e r m o nth or 3 tons per rolling 1 2 -m o nth period.
The CT G provides contro l opt io n s base d o n th e three m ai n sources ofVOC e mi ss ion s ( 1 ) evaporatio n of VOCs (pe tr o le um ink o il s) from the ink s; (2) evapora tion of VOCs from th e f o untain so lution (offset litho g ra ph i c printin g only); and (3) evaporation ofV OC s from the c lean in g materia l s. Th e recommended leve l of control for VOC e m i ss ion s fro m ink s used in heat se t dryer s prior to the effective date of the Stat e RA CT rule is 90% co ntro l effic ie ncy for a con trol d ev ice. The reco mm e nd ed le ve l of control for VOC e mi ss i o n s from ink s u se d in h ea t se t dryers afte r the effec ti ve dat e o f the State RACT ml e is 95% co ntrol efficiency for a control device. Where th e in le t VOC co nce ntrati o n is so l ow that a 90 % or 95% effic iency is not achievab l e, E P A recommends to reduce the contro l device outlet concentrat ion to 2 0 ppmv as**hex ~**  on a dry b as i s
. In r egards to fountain solutions u sed in offse t lithographic printing operations , the reco mm e nd ed leve l of co ntro l for hea t se t web processes i s 1.6 % a lco hol (by weig ht). Thi s m ay b e achieved b y re duc in g the on-press a lcoh o l content to 1 .6% a lcohol , b y u s in g 3% alcoho l or less on -press if the founta in so lution is refrigerated to below 60 ° F and, lastl y, using a 5% alcohol s ub s titut e on-p ress and no a lcoho l in the f ountain solution. For s hee t- fed offset l ithogr ap hi c printin g p rocesses , th e reco mm e nd e d leve l of co ntrol for VOC emiss io n s from on-p ress fount a in so luti on is equivale nt to 5% a lcohol ( b y weight). This may be achieved b y reduci n g th e o n-press alcohol content to 5 .0 % a lcohol, by u sing 8.5% alco h o l o r less on-press if th e fo untain solutio n is refrigerated to below 60 ° F and , la s t ly, u s in g a 5% alcoho l s ubstitut e on-press and no a l coho l in th e fountain so l ut i on. Fo r co l dset web offset print ing the recommended leve l of con tro l for VOC e mi ssions is 5 % alcoho l s ubstitute or le ss (by we ig ht ) on -press and no alcoho l in the fou ntai n so lution.
The CTG recom m end s using cleanin g mate r ia l wi th a VO C composite vapor pressure l ess th an l 0 mm H g at 20 ° C or cleaning m ater ials

. containi n g less than 70 we ig ht% VOC. 

### It i s a l so recommended to a dd th e wor k practice of keepin g cl eani n g mat e ri a l s an d used shop towe l s in c l osed co ntai ne rs to re duc e VOC emissions.
II. State S ubmitt a l f o r Of f set L i th og ra phi c Printi ng and Le tt er press P ri nt in g
9V AC5 Chapter 40 , Arti c le 56, Em i ss ion S t a nd a rds for Letterpress Printing Operations in the Northern V irg inia Vo l atile Organic Comp o u nd Emissions Control Area, 8- h o urOzo ne S tan d a r d 1• es tab li s hes a ppli cabili ty, defi n itions, em i ss io n s ta n da r ds, co mpl iance, t est meth o d s, mo nit o rin g, an d notificatio n s, reco rd s an d re p o rti ng for l e tte rp ress print i ng operati ons. T hese provis io n s app l y to a ny le tt e rpress prin tin g o p e rati o n at a sta ti o n ary so urce wh e re th e ac tu a l e m i ss ion s of VOCs fi· o m a ll as pect s o fl e tt e rpr ess print in g ope rat io n s, i ncl udin g re la te d cl e anin g ac ti v iti es, b efore the co n s ide rat io n of co ntro l s, are eq u a l to o r exceed 3.0 to n s pe r 1 2 -m o nth ro ll i ng pe r io d. T h e p rov i s io n s ap pl y o nl y to affecte d facilities in th e Northe rn Vi rginia VOC Emiss io n s Contro l Area designated in subdivis io n la of9VAC5-20

-206.
l n 9V AC5

- 40

- 8640 , the fo ll ow ing e mi ssion standard s, exemp tions and work p ract ices f or letterp ress pr in ti ng o p era t io n s are estab li s hed : l. For h eat se t we b le tte rp ress printin g, prov i s io n s appl y to eac h dr yer o n eac h he a tse t we b le tt e rpress printin g pro cess exce pt tho se (1) with a th eo r e ti cal po te n ti a l t o e mit less than 25 t o n s pe r yea r ofV O C (p e tr o le um ink o il ) fr o m th e dryer, pri o r to co n tro l s; (2) any heatset web lette rp ress p rin tin g process used exclus ive ly for book printi ng; o r (3) any heatset web letterpress p ri n tin g process with a max i mu m web wid th of22 inches o r less. T hese provis i ons a l so do not apply to n o n-h eatset web lett erpress printing processes or to s hee t-fed letterpress pri nt i ng processes. VOC e mi ssions f rom the heatset web lette rp ress prin tin g p r

ocess drye r s ha ll be con tro ll ed by:

a. Th e drye r s ha ll b e o p e r ated at lowe r a ir pr ess ure th an th e press roo m air p ress ure. b

. Ex hau st a ir fro m th e dr yer s ha ll b e co ll ec t e d and se nt to a co n tro l dev ice. c. Fo r a con tro l dev i ce in s ta ll e d p ri or to Feb ruary I , 20 1 6, th e co ntro l dev ice shall reduce VOC e mi ssio n s in the drye r air ex haust by at leas t 90%. d. For a co ntro l device in stall ed afte r F e bruary l, 2016 , the contro l device shall reduce VOC e mi ssions in th e drye r a ir exhaust by at leas t 95%

. 2. W h ere the in l et V O C co n centratio n for a heat set we b letter p ress pr in t ing process co n tro l device i s so low that a 90% o r 95% effic ie ncy i s not ac hi evab le, th e co ntro l d ev ice s ha ll r e du ce th e o utl et VOC co nce ntrati o n t o 20 p pm v as hex an e o n a dr y b as i s. 3. C leanin g m ate ri a ls u sed at a le tt e rp ress prin ting o p e rati o n s ha ll m eet o n e of th e f o ll ow in g limi ts : (a) V O C co n tent of70% by we ight ; or (b) a co m pos i te vapo r pressure of I 0 mm H g at 2 0 °C. 4. The follow i ng work practices are to implemented: a. Clea n ing m at e ri al s, inks , and coatings containi ng VOCs sha ll b e kept in cl osed con tai ners at a ll times un less fi lli ng , drai ning, or performi n g clea nin g ope ratio n s. b . S h o p towe ls, s pon ges, a nd o the r manu a l cle anin g a id s ( i) th a t h ave b ee n u se d fo r pi c kin g up excess ink and other coatin gs co nt a inin g V O Cs or ( i i) th a t h ave b ee n u se d w ith cl ea nin g m ate ri a ls co nta inin g VOCs s ha ll b e ke pt in c losed co nt a ine rs.

I The northern portion of Virginia is defined as the Northern Virginia Volat ile Organic Compound Emissions Control Area in 9V AC5-20

- 206 (General Provi s ions)

. T his northern portion of Virginia is also part of the Metropo l itan Statis tical Area of the District Columbia which is in the ozone transport r egion (OT R ) estab l ished under sect i o n 1 84(a) of the CAA.c. Spills of cleaning m a t erials, foun t ain so lu tion, inks, varn i shes, and other coatings containing VOCs shall be minimized and sha ll be cleaned up promptly.
9VACS-40-8386 estab li shes the standard for visible emiss ions and 9V ACS -40-8 388 establishes the s t andard for fugitive dust/emissions. 9VACS-40-8396 estab l ishes com plianc e requir e ment s for contro l dev ices in stalled on heatset web letterpr ess print ing process dryers , VOC retention factors , and capture efficiencies for letterpress printing operations. 9VACS -40-8 398 establishes a compliance schedule for letterpress printin g ope ration s
. 9VAC5-40-8400 establishes test method s and procedures and 9VAC5-40- 841 0 establishes monitoring requirements for the temperature for catalytic and thermal oxidation control devices. 9VAC5-40-8412 estab l ishes notification , records and reporting requiremen t s
. 9V AC5-40-84 1 4 and 9V AC5-40-84 1 5 state reg i strati o n and permit requirements.
9V AC5 C hapt e r 40, Article 56. 1 , Emiss ion Standards for Offset L ith ographic Print in g Ope rations in the Northern Virginia Volati le Organic Compo und Emissions Contro l Area, 8-hour Ozone Standard, establishes applicability, definitions, emission standards, complian ce, te st me thods , mon ito ri ng, and notificat ions, records and reporting fo r offset lithographic printing operations. These provisions app ly to any offset li thog raphic printing ope rat ion at a stat ionary so urc e where the actua l emissions of VOCs from all aspects of offset litho g raphic printing ope ra tions , includin g re lated cleani n g act i vitie s, b e fore the consideratio n of controls, are equa l to or exceed 3.0 tons per 12-month rolling period. The provisions apply on l y to affected facilities in the Northern Virgin ia VOC Emiss ion s Contro l Area designated in subdivision I a of9VAC5-20-206.
In 9VACS-40-8424, the following emission stand ards and exemptions for offset lithographic printing operations are es tabli s hed: 1. For heatset offset lith ographic printing processes , provisions apply to each process at a facility whose potent ial to emit is greater than or equal to 10 tons per yea r ofVOC. A ll VOC em i ssio n s from printing ink s, coa tin gs, c leaning solutions, and fountain so luti ons sha ll be considered in determining the potential to em it for this subsection. 2. VOC emissions f rom the heatset offset lithographic printi ng p rocess dryer sha ll be contro ll ed by:
a
. The dryer s h all be operated at lower air pressure than the pressroom air pressure. b. Exhaust air from the dryer shall be collected and sen t to a control device. c. The control device s hall reduce VOC em i ssions in the dryer a ir exhaust by at least 90%. 3. Where the inlet VOC concentration for a heatset web offset lithographic printing process control device is so low that a 90% effic ien cy is not achievable, the
co ntrol device shall reduce th e outle t VOC concentration to 50 ppmv or less as carbon (minus methane and ethane). 4. For heat set web offset lithographic printing processes with the theoretical potential to e mi t 25 tpy ofVOC or more from the dryer , 9VAC5-40-8424establi shes the same VOC emission standard s as li sted above in 9VAC5-40-8640 for heatse t letterp ress printin g operations for the dryers ( 1 a
- 1 d and 2) , cleaning materials (3) and work practices (4). Exe mptions include ( i) any heat se t web off se t lith ographic printing proc ess u sed ex clu s ively for book printing; or ( ii ) any heat set web offset lithographic printin g process with a max imum web width of22 inches or less. 5

. For the fountain solution in offset lith ograp hi c printing processes , requirements for heatset , non-heatset and sheet-fed processes are provided. a. For heatset web presses , when the fountain solution co nt ai n s alcohol, ( 1) the fountain sol ution, as appli e d , s h a ll contain no more than 1.6% VOC by weight , (2) the fountain so luti ons sha ll be m a int a in ed at 60 ° F and s ha ll contain no more than 3% VOC by we i ght, or (3) if the fountain so lution contains no alcoho l , shall contain no more than 5% VOC by weight. b. For n on- h eatse t web presses , the fountain solution s h a ll conta in no a lco ho l , shall co ntain no more than 5% VOC by weight. c. For sheet-fed presses , the fountai n solut io n shall contain no more than 5% VOC by weig ht o r the fountain so luti o n s shall be mainta in ed at 60 ° F and shall contain no more than 8.5% VOC by weight.
9V AC5

- 40-8426 establishes the standard fo r vis ibl e em i ssions and 9V AC5-40 -8428 estab li s hes the s t a nd a rd for fugitive du st/e mi ss ion s. 9V AC5-40-8434 es t ab li shes compliance require m e nts for contro l devi ces in sta ll ed on heatset web offse t li thographic printing proce ss dry ers , VOC retention factors , a nd capture efficiencies for offset lith ographic printing ope rations. 9VAC5-40-8436 estab lishe s the co mpli ance sc hedul e and 9VAC5-40-8438 establishes test method s and procedures. 9VAC5-40-8440 establishes monitoring requi re ment s for th e alcohol co ncentratio n of the fountain
s olution , the temperature of a refrigerated fountai n solution , and the t e mp erature for catalytic and thermal oxidatio n control devices. 9VAC5

- 40-8450 establishes notification , records, and reporting requirements. 9V ACS-40-8460 and 9VAC5-40-8480 state r egis tration and pe r mit requirements.


### III. EPA Eva lu at ion for Offset Litho g r aphi c Printing and Letterpress Printing Virgi ni a has adopted a ll of the standards and requirements of E P A ' s CTG for offset l ithographic and letterpress printing. EPA ' s evaluation shows that Articles 56 and 56.1 contain the requ ired ele me nts for a federally enforceable rule: Emiss io n lim i tations, comp lian ce procedures and t est methods , compliance dates and record keeping provisions and are consistent wit h the guidance in EPA ' s C T G for thi s so urce category. The maximum benefit from th ese amendments wi ll be provided during th e ozone seaso n when VOCs readi ly comb in e with NOx to form g ro und-l eve l ozone.

C. I N DU ST RIAL CLEANI NG SOLVENTS
I. De scr iption of EPA's Indu stria l C l ea nin g So lve nts CTG (EPA 453/R-06-001, September 2006)In 1994, EPA developed an AC T document for indu strial cleaning so l vents. After reviewing the ACT, conducting a review of currently ex i sting s tate and local VOC em i ssion reduction approaches, and taking in to account any information that has become available since then, EPA developed a new CTG entitled Control Techniques Guidelines for Industrial Cleaning Solvents (Publicatio n No. EPA 453 / R-06

- 00 1 ; September 2006).
This category of consumer and commercial products includes the industrial cleaning solvents used by many industries. It includes a variety of products that are used to re mov e contaminants such as adhesives, ink s, paint, dirt, soi l , oi l , and g rease. Contaminants are removed from parts, products, tools, machinery, equipme nt , vesse l s , floors, walls, and other wo rk production related work areas for a vari ety of reasons including safe ty , operabi li ty, and to avoid p roduct contamination. The cleaning so lv e nt s used in these ( unit ) operations are, in many cases , generall y ava ilabl e bulk solvents that are u sed fo r a multitude of applicatio n s not limited to cleaning. For example , petroleum disti ll ates may b e u sed as a cleaning solvent, as a paint thinn e r , or as an ingred ie nt u sed in the manufacture of a coating , such as paint. Because a portio n of a ll solvents evaporate during use, such so lven t- based cleaning materials result in large amounts of emissio n s ofVOC.
E PA 's Recomm e nded Co ntrol Options for Indu s trial C l ea ning So lv e nt s Although the industrial c leaning solvent product category includes a var iety of different products with differing VOC contents, and althoug h these products are used in different ways by a w id e range of industrie s , there are severa l basic approaches to achieve VOC emission reductions. First , the u sers of the products can contro l emissions through work practices targeted at the activities and sources of emissions specific t o the user ' s indu stry (e.g., keeping so lvent containers covered, properly stor ing and dispo s in g of u sed shop towels and solve n t , etc.). Second , users can also reduce overall VOC emissions through solvent substitution (e

. g. , use of low- VOC , no- VOC , or low -vapor p ressure solvents). They can also reduce VOC em is sio n s by u si ng add-on controls, modifying equipment , or upgrad in g to using a lower em ittin g cleaning technology.
The CTG recommends that these approaches apply to indu stri es that have to u se organic
s olvent for cleaning unit operations such as mixing vesse l s (tanks) , spray booths, and parts cleaners , where a facility emits at le ast 6.8 kg/day (15 lb/ day) ofVOC before consideration of controls in an ozone nonattainment area. Reco mm e n ded work practices to reduce VOC em i ssions from use , handling, storage , and disposal of cleaning so l vents and s h op towels include: I. Covering o pen and conta in ers and u se d applicators; 2. Minimizing a ir circulation around cleaning operations; 3. Properly disposing of used so lvent and shop towels; and 4. Implemen ti ng equipment practices that minimi ze emiss i ons (e.g., keeping part s c leaners covered , maintaining cleaning equipment to repair so l vent leaks , etc).The C TG recommends a VOC limit of 50 grams VOC per liter (0.42 lb / gal) of c l ean in g material unless em i ssions are controlled by an e mi ssion control system with an overall control effic i e nc y of at least 85%. In addition , the CTG r ecommends a composite vapor pressure l imit of 8 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) at 20 ° C.


### II. State Submitta l for Industrial C l eaning Solvents
9VAC5 Chapter 40 , Article 57 , Em i ss i on Standards for Indu stria l Solvent Cleaning Operations in the Northern Virginia Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Contro l Area , 8- hour Ozone Standard , establishes applicability , exe mptions , definitions, emission standards , compliance, test methods, monitoring , and notifications, records and reporting for industrial solvent cleaning operations. The provisions apply to each facility that uses organic so lv ent for cleaning unit operations such as mixing vesse ls (tanks), spray booths , and parts cleaners , where a facility emits at least 6.8 kg/ day (15 lb/day) of VOC before consideration of controls. Such operations include, but a r e not limited to , spray gun cl e aning, spray booth cleaning, lar ge manufactured components cleaning , parts cleaning , equipment cleaning , line cleaning , floor cleaning , tank cleaning, and small manufactured components cleaning. T he provisions app l y only to affected facilities 

### in the Northern V irg in ia VOC Emissions Control Area designated in subdivision la of9VAC5-20-206. Exempted from the provisions of this article are so l vent cleaning operations for (i) cleaning of electrical and electronic components; (ii) for cleaning of high precision optics and cleaning of cotton swabs to remove cotto n seed oi l before cleaning of hi g h precision optics; ( iii ) for cleaning of numi smatic dies; (iv) for cleaning of resin , coating , ink , and adhesive mixing , molding, and application equ ipm ent; (v) in re search and development laboratories; (vi) in manuf acturin g medical devices or pharmaceutical products; (vii) related to performance or quality assurance testing of coatings, inks , o r adhesives

. 9V AC5-40-8530 , subsectio n A, limit s VOC emissions from industrial cleaning solvent operations to both 

### (I) VOC content limit of 50 grams / liter (0.42 lb/ ga l) of industrial cleaning solvent unless e mi ssions are controlled by an emiss ion control system with a n overall control efficiency of at least 85% and (2) a composite vapor pressure limit of 8 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) at 20 ° C.
9V AC5-40-8530 subsection B, estab li shes the fo llo wing work practices for the use , handling , storage and disposal of cleaning so lvents and s hop towels: I. Open co ntainers and used app li cators shall be covered

. 2. Air circu lati on around cleaning operations shall be minimized. 3. Used solvent and shop towels sha ll be disposed of properly. 4. Equipment practices that minimize emissions (including but not limited to keeping arts cleaners covered and maintainin g cleaning equipment to repair so lvent leaks) shall be implemented

. 9V AC5 -40-8 530, subsect ion C , establishes VOC l imi ts and work practices for manufacturers of coatings , inks, resins , and adhesives. Cleaning so l ve nts for theseindu str ies s hall conta in less than 1.67 pounds per ga llon of VOC o r have a composite vap or pre ss ur e no more than eight mmH g at 20 ° C.
9V ACS

-40-8530 , subsection D, li mits VOC co ntent for use in screen printing to l ess than 4.2 pound s per ga llon ofYOC or have a composite vapor pressure n o mor e than eight mmHg at 20 ° C.
9V AC5 -40-8540 e s tablishes the standard fo r v i sib le emissions and 9V ACS-40 -85 50 establ i s h es the s ta nd ard fo r fugitive dust/emissions. 9VAC5-40-8580 and 9VAC5 -40- 8590 establish comp liance req ui re m en t s and a co mpliance sche dul e , r especti vely , for industrial cl ean in g so lvent practic es
. 9VAC5-40-8600 establishes tes t m e th ods and procedures, 9VAC5-40-861 0 es tab l i s hes m o nitorin g requ irement s and 9V ACS -40-86 2 0 establ i shes notificati on, rec ords , and re portin g req u irements. 9V ACS-40-8630 and 9 VAC5

-40-8650 s ta t e re g istration and p e rmit requirements.


### HI

. EPA A n a lys is f or Indu st r ia l C l ea nin g So lve nts
V irgi nia h as adop t ed th e standard s and requi rements of EP A ' s CTGs for industrial so lve nt cl ean in g operat io n s. An exception for manufacturers of coatin gs , inks , resins , and adhesives pertaining to the VOC limit of cleaning solvent and work practices for the se indu s trie s i s consistent with indu s tr y pra c tice s and standards adopted in other states s uch as South Coast, Cali forn ia. The VO C limit fo r cleaning so l vents for sc reen printing processes ha s been a dopted by oth e r s tates in th e OTR such as Connecticut regu lation 22a-1 74- 20(ii). EPA believes the alternat ives Virginia has adopted for manufacturers of coat in gs , ink s , resins, and adhesives and sc reen printing processes are acce ptab le and s till representative of RAC T for these indu stries. E PA ' s evaluat ion shows that Article 57 co nt ai n s the required e leme nt s for a federa ll y e nforceable rule: Emi ss io n limita tions , comp lian ce procedures and test methods , comp li ance dates and r ecord keeping provisions and i s co n s i ste nt with the g uidanc e in EPA ' s C TG for this source catego r y. T he maximum ben efi t from these amendm e nt s wil l b e provided durin g th e ozone seaso n when VOCs rea d il y co mbine with NO x to form g round-level ozone.



### D

. M I SCELLANEOUS I NDUST RIAL A DH ES I VES
I. 

### Desc r ip t io n o f EPA's M is c ell a n eo u s In d u s tr ia l Ad h esives CTG (EPA 4 53/R-0 8-

005, Se pte m be r 20 0 8)
T he re are n o previous E PA action that a ff ec t mi sce llan e ou s indu s tri a l adhesive application operations. Aft e r reviewing th e ex i sting state and local VO C e mission r e duction approaches for these industries, a nd takin g into account any information that has become avai lab le s inc e then , EPA developed a new CTG e ntitl e d Cont rol Techn iqu es Guidelines for Mis c e llaneous Industrial Adhesives (Pub licati on No. EPA 453/R-08

- 005 ; Sept ember 2008).The misce ll aneou s indus tr ia l adhes ives p roduct category in clu d es adhesives ( i nclud i ng ad h es ive p rim e r s used in co n j un c ti o n w ith certai n types of a dh es i ves) used at in d u stria l
m a nu fac turin g a n d repa ir fac iliti es for a w id e va ri ety of pro du cts a n d e qu ipme n t t ha t o p e ra te a dh es i ves a p p li ca ti o n p rocesses. T h e mi sce ll aneo u s indu s tr ia l a dh es i ves pro du ct ca t egory d oes n ot in c lu de ad h es ives th at a re add ressed b y CTGs a lready i ss u ed fo r catego ri es l isted u n de r CAA sectio n 1 83(e) or by earlier CTGs. T h ese i nclude th e CTGs issued under sec t ion 183(e) fo r aerospace coatings; metal furniture coati ngs; large appliance coatin g s ; flat wood pane li ng coati n gs ; paper, fi l m , and foi l coat in gs; offset lithograp hi c print i ng and letterpress pri n ting; and flexib le package printing. Coil coati ng , fabric coating , and rubber t ire manufacturin g were not listed under CAA sec ti o n 183(e) , however, they were th e subject of ear lier C T Gs whic h address ad h esives used in th ose processes. Moto r ve hicl e a dh es ives, g lass bo n d ing pri m e r s, and weat h e r stri p a dhes ives th at are u sed a t a fac ili ty th a t i s n o t a n a uto m obi le or li g ht-duty tru c k asse mbl y coatin gs fac ili ty, are add ressed in th e 20 08 CTG f o r m isce ll aneo u s in d u s tri a l ad h es i ves. The VOC emiss i ons from mi sce ll aneous industria l ad h esives resu l t fro m evaporation of the solvents contained i n many of the prime r s , ad h esives and cleaning ma t erials duri ng adhes i ve applicat ion a n d drying p rocesses , as well as during su r face preparation an d cleaning p rocesses assoc iated wit h ad h esives applicatio n
. The p r im ary VOC em i ss io n s from m i sce ll aneous industria l ad h esives occu r dur i ng app l ication and flash-off.
E PA ' s Recommended Control Option s for Indu s tria l Adhesive s
E P A's 2008 CTG r eco mme n ds th e fo ll ow i ng VOC reductio n m easu res: VOC e mi ss io n l imits fo r i ndustr ia l adhesives; wo rk p rac tices fo r s torage and h a n d lin g of indus tri a l adhes i ves ; and work practices fo r the handling and use of cleani n g materials. In terms of applicability , th e provisions s h ou ld apply to each miscellaneous i n d u str ia l adhesive appl icatio n p rocess at a facility w h e re th e t ota l actual VOC emissions from m i sce ll aneous industrial adhesive applicatio n processes , including re lated clean in g activi t ies , at th at faci l ity are eq u a l to or exceed 6.8 kg/ day ( 1 5 lb/ d ay)

. Reco mm e nd e d VOC e mi ss io n l imits are li s t ed b e low in T a bl e I

. Two op ti o n s are recomme n ded fo r ac hi ev in g th e VOC em i ss io n li mi t s: (1) th ro u g h th e use of low

- V O C
con t e n t adh esives and s p ecified app li catio n m eth ods w ith goo d a dh esive transfer efficiency; or (2) through the use of a combi n at ion of low

- VOC adhesives , speci fied application me thods , an d add

- on contro l s. As an a l ternative to th e emiss ion lim its, an overall contro l efficiency of 85% i s recommended.
Tab l e 1. Recomm e nded VOC Emission Limits for Gen e ral and S pecialty Adhesiv e 

### A 

## r P

.pp a c a tlon r oce sses General Adhe s ive VOC E mi ss ion Limit Application P r oce sses Gram s per liter (g/ 1 ) Pound s per ga ll on (lb s/ gal) Reinforced P lastic 200 1. 7 Composite F lexible V inyl 250 2. 1 Meta l 30 0.3 Po rous Material (Except 1 20 1.0Wood ) Rubber 

### 250 2.1 Wood 

### 30 0.3 Other S ub s trate s 

### 250 2.1 S peci a lty Adhes i ve VOC E mission Limit A pplic atio n Processes Grams p e r lite r (g/1 ) Pound s per ga llon (lb s/ga l ) C eramic Ti le In s t a ll a tion 

### 130 1. 1 Co ntact Adhe s ive 

### 250 2.1 C ove Ba s e In s tallation 

### 150 1.3 Floor Coveri n g In s tallation 

### 150 1.3 (Indoo r) Floor Cover in g In s ta ll at io n 

### 250 2. 1 (O utd oor) Floor Cove ring In s t alla ti on 

### 660 5.5 ( Perimeter Bond e d Sheet Vi ny l) Metal to U rethan e/ Rubb e r 

### 850 7.1 Molding or Ca s tin g Motor Vehicl e A dh es ive 

### 250 2.1 Motor Vehic le W e ather-strip 

### 750 6.3 Adhes ive Mu ltipurp ose Con s truction 

### 200 1.7 Pla s tic Solvent We ldin g 

### 400 3.3 (ABS ) Pl as tic Solv e nt We ldin g 

### 500 4.2 ( Except ABS ) Sheet Rubb e r Li ni ng 

### 850 7.1 In s ta ll ation Single- Pl y Roof Membrane 

### 2 50 2.1 Installation/Repair (Except E PDM ) Structura l Gl az in g 

### 1 00 0.8 Thin Metal Lamin a tin g 

### 780 6.5 Tire Repair 

### 1 00 0.8 Waterproof Re so rcin o l Glu e 

### 170 1.4 Adhes i ve Prim e r VOC E mis s ion Limit A pplication Proce sses Grams p e r lit e r (g/1) P o und s p e r ga llon (lb s/ga l) Motor Ve hicl e Gla ss 

### 900 7.5 Bonding Prim e r Pl astic So lvent Welding 

### 650 5.4 Adhe s ive Prim e r S ing le-Pl y R o ofM e mbrane 

### 250 2

. 1 Adhe s i v e Pr im e r Othe r Adh es ive Prim e r 

### 250 2 .1In addition to the VOC em ission limi ts, EPA recommends that one of the following application method s be u se d in conjunction with u s ing low-VOC adhesives or adhesive primers: 1. Electrostatic spray. 2

. High-vo l um e , low-pressure (HVLP) sp ray. 3. F low coat. 4. Roll coat or hand application , including non-spray application methods similar to hand or mechanically powered cau lkin g g un , brush, or d i rect hand application. 5. Dip coat (includ i ng e lectrodeposition). 6. Airless spray. 7. Air-assisted airless spray. 8. Other adhesive application method capable of achieving a transfe r efficiency equivalent to or better than that ach ieved by HVLP spraying.
Recommended work practices for adhesive re late d activities are: 1. Store all VOC-containing adhesives, adhesive primers , and process-related waste materials in closed containe rs. 2. E n s ure that mixing and storage containers used for VOC-conta i ning adhesives, adhesive primers , and process-related waste materials are kept closed at all times except when depositing or removing these materials. 3. M inimize sp i ll s ofVOC

- co ntainin g adhesives, adhesive prim ers, and processre lated waste materia ls. 4. Convey VOC-containing adhesives , adhesive primers, and process- related waste materials from one location to another in closed containers or pipe s. Recommended work practices for cleaning materia ls are: 1. Sto re a ll VOC-conta i ning cleanin g materials and used shop towels in closed containers. 2. Ensure that s torage containers us ed for VOC-containing cleaning materia l s are kept clo se d at a ll times except whe n deposit i ng or removing the se materials. 3. Minim ize s pills ofVOC-containing cl ean i ng materia ls. 4. Convey VOC-containing cleaning mater ials from one location to another in closed containers or pipes. 5. Minimize VOC emissions from cleaning of application , sto rage , mixing , and conveying equipment b y ensuring th at e quipment cleaning is perfonned without atomizing the cleaning solvent a nd all s pent solve nt is captured in closed containers.
II

. Stat e S u b mit ta l f o r M i sce ll a n eo u s Indu st rial Adh e s iv es
9V AC5 Chapter 40, Article 58, Emission Standards for M i sce ll aneous Industrial Ad he s ive Application Proce sses in the Northern Virginia Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Con tro l Area, 8-hour Ozon e Standard, establishes applicability , exemptions , definitions, emiss ion s t andards , compliance , test methods, monitoring , and notifications , records and reporting requirements for industrial adhesive operations. The p rov i sions app ly to each mi scellaneous industrial adhesive application pr ocess at a facility where thetotal actua l VOC em i ssions from miscellaneous industrial ad hesive application processes , including related cleaning activi ti es and related application of adhes ive primers , are, bef o re conside rat ion of controls, either (1) equal to or exceed 6.8 kg/day or (15 lb/day) or (2) 3 tons per 12-month rolling average. The provi sio n s apply on ly to affected facilit ies in the Northern V ir ginia VOC Emissions Cont ro l Area de s ig nated in subdivision la of 9V ACS-20-206.
9V ACS-40-8680 estab li shes VOC emissions limits fo r industrial adhesive app lic at ion p rocesses listed above in Tab le 1 (see EPA's R ecommended Control Options for Indu s trial Adhesives). ln sec tion 9V ACS-40-8680 , subsection A this table i s Table 4- 58A. Facilities opt ing to meet a control efficiency in li eu of meet ing the VOC emission limits in Tab l e 4-58A , shall meet an overall co ntrol effic i e n cy of 85%.
9V ACS-40-8680 , subsectio n B, estab l ishes applicatio n methods as we ll as work practices for application of adhesives, adhesive primers , and proces s related waste materials and work practices for cleaning activities. Faci l ities using l ow
- VOC adhes ives and adhesive primer s s hall use one of the following application methods: I. E lectrostatic spray. 2. HVLP sp ray. 3. F low coat. 4. Roll coat or hand application, including non-spray application methods similar to hand or mechanically powered caulking gun , brush, or direct hand application. 5. Dip coat (including electrodeposition). 6

. Airless spray. 7. A ir-assisted a irl ess spray. 8. Other adhesive application method capable of achieving a transfer effic iency equ i valent to or better than that achieved by HVLP sprayi n g.
Work practices for the application for ad hesives, adhes i ve primers , and process related was t e materials a re th e same as the recommended practices described in EPA's Recommended Contro l Options for Indu stria l Ad hes ives, above. Work practices for cl ea ning ac ti vities are also th e same as the reco mm e nd ed practices described in EPA's Recommended Co ntr o l Options for Indu str i a l Adhesives, above.
9V ACS-40-8690 estab li shes the standard for v i sible emissions a nd 9V ACS-40

- 8700 establishes the standard for fugitive dust/emissions. 9VACS-40-8730 and 9V ACS

- 40

- 8740 estab lish comp li ance requirements and a compliance sc hedule for industrial adhesive a pplication processes. 9VAC5 -4 0-8750 establishes te s t methods and procedures , 9VACS-40-8760 establishes monitoring requ irements, and 9VACS

-40

- 8770 estab li shes notification , records , and reporting require ment s. 9V ACS-40-8780 and 9V ACS-40-8800 state registration and permit requirements.


### III. EPA A nalys is f o r Miscellaneous Industrial Ad he s ives Virginia has adopted the standards and requirement s of EPA's CTGs for miscellaneous indu s trial adhesives. EPA 's evaluat ion shows that Art icl e 58 contai n s the requirede le me nt s fo r a federa ll y e nforceable ru le: E mi ssi on limita tion s, c ompli a nce proc e dur es and test methods , co mp l iance dates and r ecord keeping provisions and i s co n s i ste nt with the g uidance in E P A 's CTG for thi s so urce category. Th e maximum ben e fit from the se amend ments will be provided durin g th e ozone season when VOCs readily comb ine with NO x to form ground- leve l ozone.



### E . M I SCELLANEOUS METAL AND PLASTIC PARTS COATINGS
I. 

### Descri ption of EPA's Misce ll a neo us Meta l a nd P l ast ic Pa rt s Coa ti n gs CTG (EPA 453 / R-08-003 , Septe m ber 2008)
In Jun e 1978 , E PA i ss ue d a CT G do c um e nt for controlling VOC emissions from the coating of miscellaneous metal parts a nd prod uc t s. In J a nu ary 1988 , EP A promulgated the new so urce perf ormance stan dard (NS P S) fo r the Su r face Coatin g of Pl as tic P arts for Bu s in ess Machines. I n February 1994, EPA i ss ued an Al t e rnati ve Contro l Techniques {ACT) document fo r co n trolling VOC em i ss io n s from the coat in g of aut o m o ti ve/ tran spo rtati o n and bu s in ess m achi ne pl astic pa rt s. In Janu ary 2 004 , EPA promu lga t ed the Nati ona l E missi o n S t a nd a rd s for H azardo u s A ir Pollut a nt s (NESHA P) for Misce llan eo u s M eta l Parts and Products S urface Coatin g. In April 2004, E P A promulgated the NES H AP for Pl astic Part s and Product s S urface Coatin g. Afte r reviewing the 1 978 CTG, the 1988 NSPS, the 1 994 ACT , and ex i sti n g s tate and local VOC e mi ss ion reducti on ap proac hes , E PA deve loped a new CTG combinin g the
req uire me nt s for mi sce ll aneo u s me ta l a nd plastic part s coatin gs in to a s in g le CTG, e nti t le d 

### Co ntrol Techniques Guidelines fo r Miscellaneou s Metal and Plas ti c Parts Coa t ings ( Publication No. EP A 453 / R-08-003, Septe mb e r 2008).
Misce ll aneo us metal products parts coati n gs include , but are not limited to, the coatings th at are applied to the s urfaces o f a vari ed ra n ge of metal parts. These parts or products a r

e const ru cted e ith e r e ntire l y or partially from meta l. Th ey includ e, but a re not limited to , me ta l compo ne nt s of the followin g types of product s as well as the pr o duct s the m se lves: Fabricate d me t a l product s, s m a ll and large f a rm machinery , co mmercial and in d u str ial m achinery a nd eq uipment , aut o motive or tran sportat ion eq uipm e nt , inte rior or ex t e r ior auto m otive parts , construction equi pment , m o to r vehicle accessories, bicycles and spor ting goo d s, to ys, rec reational ve h icles, pl easure craft ( recreationa l boat s), extru d e d aluminum s tru c tura l co mpon e nt s, rai lroad ca rs, h eav ie r vehicle s 2

, lawn and ga rd e n e quipme nt , bu s in ess mach i nes, lab o ratory and med ica l e quipm e nt , e le c tronic e quipm e nt , s tee l drum s, metal pipes , an d num ero u s o th e r industrial a nd house hold prod ucts ( hereinafter co ll ec ti ve ly ref e r red to as " mi scellaneous metal p a rt s"). The CTG appl ies to manuf acturers of miscellan eo u s metal part s that s urface

- coat th e parts they produce

. M i scellaneous metal part s coatings do not include coatings that are a part of oth e r product cat ego ri es li sted und er sect ion l8 3(e) of the C AA for whic h C TG s h ave been published and/or coa tings addres se d b y other CTGs. The se other ca tego r ies that are

2 Heavie r ve hicl es in cludes a ll ve hicles that meet the definition of the term "other motor ve hicl es," as defined in the Natio n a l Emi ssion S t andards for Surface Coating of Automobile and Light-Duty T rucks at 40 CFR 63.3176.not part of the miscellaneous metal products coatings categories include sh ipbuildin g and repair coatings; aerospace coatings; wood furniture coatings; metal furniture coatings; large appliance coatings; automobile and light-duty truck assemb l y coatings; flatwood paneling coatings; miscellaneous industrial adhesives; fiberglass boat manufacturing materials; and paper, fi lm , and foil coatings. Can coatings , coil coatings, and magnet wire coatings were not listed under section 183 (e) of the Act, but were addressed by earlier CTGs, and are also not includ ed in the miscellaneous metal and plastic parts coatings categories addressed by this CTG.


### EPA's Recommended Control Options for Miscellaneous Metal and Plastic Parts Coatings
The September 2008 CTG for Misce llan eous Metal and Plastic Parts Coatings provides recommendations for reducing VOC emiss ion s from the u se of coatings in a miscellaneous metal products coating unit at a facility where the total actual VOC emissions from all miscellaneous metal parts coating operations, including related cleaning activ iti es, at that facility , are equal to or exceed 6.8 kg/ day , 15 lb/ day, or an equivalent level of 2. 7 tons per 12-month rolling period , before consideration of controls. A coating unit consists of a series of one or more coating applicators and any associated drying area and/or oven where a coating is app li ed, dried, and/ or cured. A coating unit ends at the point where the coating is dried or cured, or prior to any subsequent application of a different coating. Primarily, VOC emi ssions from miscellaneous metal products parts coating operations result from: (1) evaporation of the VOC components of the coatings; and (2) evaporation of YOC from the cleaning materials. The majority of VOC emissions from these materials occur during coating application/flash-off and drying/ curing of the coatings.
To control VOC emissions from miscellaneous metal parts coatings, the CTG recommends three options: (1) VOC content limits for each coating category based on the use of low- VOC content coatings and specified appl ic ation methods to achieve good transfer efficiency; (2) equ i valent YOC emission rate limit s based on the use of a comb in ation of low- VOC coatings, specified application methods , and add-on controls; or (3) an overall VOC contro l effic iency of90 percent for facilities that choose to add-on controls instead of low- YOC conten t coatings and specified app lic ation methods.
A. Recomm en ded Option 1 for Reducing Coating Emissions: VOC Content Limits Based on Low-VOC Coatings
Under Option 1 , separate sets of emission limi ts for metal parts coatings, plastic parts coatings, automotive/transportation and business machine plastic parts , and pleasure craft coatings are recommended. For metal parts coatings, EPA recommended separate emission limits for baked and air-dri ed coatings. Provided in Tables 2 - 6, are the recommended emiss ion limits expressed in terms of mass of VOC per vo lum e of coatin g (excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied).Tab l e 2. Meta l Parts a nd Product s VOC Content Limits A ir Dried Baked Coa tin g Category k gV OC / 1 lb VOC/ga l kg VOC/1 lb VOC /ga l coating coating coating coati ng General One Component 0.34 2.8 0.28 2.3 Ge neral 0.34 2.8 0.28 2.3 Mu lti- Co mp o nent Camouflage 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 E le ctr i c-In s u lat in g 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 Varnish E tching F ill e r 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 Extre me Hi g h -G loss 0.42 3.5 0.36 3 .0 Ex treme P e rfo nn ance 0.42 3.5 0.36 3.0 Heat Resi s tan t 0.42 3.5 0.36 3.0 Hi g h Performance 0.74 6.2 0.74 6.2 Arc hi tectural High Te m perature 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 Metal l ic 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 M i litary Spec ification 0.34 2.8 0.28 2.3 Mo ld-Sea l 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 Pan B ack in g 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 Prefabr i cated 0.42 3.5 0.28 2.3 Arch it ec tur a l Mu lti -Co m po n ent Prefabricated 0.42 3.5 0.28 2.3 Architectural · One

- Component Pret r eatment 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 Coat in gs Repa ir and To uc h up 0.42 3.5 0.36 3.0 Silicone R elease 0.42 3.5 0.42 3.5 So lar- Absorbent 0.42 3.5 0.36 3.0 Vacuum M e ta li zi n g 0.42 3.5 0.42 3 .5
Tab l e 3
. Pl as tic Parts and Produ cts VOC Content Limits Coating Ca tegory kg VOC/1 Coatin g lb VOC/ ga l Coating Ge ne ra l One Co mpon e nt 0.28 2.3 Gene ra l Mult i- Co mp o ne nt 0.42 3.5 Electric Dis s ipating and 0.80 6.7 S hoc k

- F ree Extreme Performance (2

- 0.42 3.5 pack coatin gs) Meta lli c 0.42 3.5 Military Specification ( 1 - 0.34 2.8pack coatin gs) Military Spec i ficat ion (2- 0.42 3.5 pack coati ngs) Mo ld

- Seal 0.76 6.3 Mu lti

- colored Coa tin gs 0

. 68 5

. 7 Optical Coatings 0.80 6

. 7 Vacuum

- Metalizing 0

. 80 6.7

Ta bl e 4. A ut o mo t iveffr a n s port at i o n a nd Bu s ines s M a chin e Pla s tic P art s V O C C onte nt Li mits Coa ting Ca t eg ory k g V O C /l Coatin g lb V O C/ ga l Coa tin g Automot ive/ Transportation Coatings* I. Hi g h Bake

- I nter ior and Exteri or Parts Fl ex ib le Primer 0.54 4.5 Non-F lexible Primer 0.42 3

. 5 Basecoat 0

. 52 4.3 Clearcoat 0.48 4

. 0 No n-Basecoat/Clearcoat 0.52 4

. 3 II. Low Bake / Air Dried

- Exterior Parts Prim e r 0.58 4

. 8 Bas eco at 0

. 60 5

. 0 Clearcoat 0.54 4.5 Non

- Bas e coat/Clearcoat 0.60 5

. 0 III

. Low Bak e/

A i r Dri e d- 0

. 60 5

. 0 Interior Parts IV

. Touch-Up and Re pair 0

. 62 5

. 2 Bu s ine ss Mach i ne Coating I. Primers 0

. 35 2

. 9 II. Topcoat 0.35 2.9 III

. Texture Coat 0.35 2.9 IV

. Fog Coat 0.26 2.2 V. Touch-Up and Repair 0

. 35 2

. 9 *For red , yellow, and black a u tomot ive coatings , except touc h -up and repa i r coatings , the lim i t i s d e te rm i ned by multiplying the appropriate l imit in this section of the table by 1. 15.


### T b l 

### 5 P I

a e 

# . e as ur e C ft 

### S f C f VO C C t t 

### L. •t r a ur ac e oa m g on en I ID I S Coatin g Cat eg o ry k g VO C/ 1 Coating lb VO C/ g a l Coating Extreme Hi g h

- G l oss Topcoat 0.49 4. 1 Hi g h-G l oss T opcoat 0.42 3.5 P retre atment Wash Primers 0.78 6.5 Fin i sh Primer / Surfacer 0.42 3.5 Hi g h-Bu il d Primer Surfacer 0.34 2.8 Aluminum Substrate 0.56 4.7 Ant i fou l antOthe r S ub s trate A nti fo ul an t 0 .33 2 .8 A ll Othe r P leas ure Craft 0.42 3.5 S urf ace Coatin gs for Metal
or Pla s tic
Tab l e 6. Motor Vehicle Materia ls VO C Content Limits Coatin g Category kg VOC/1 Coat ing lb VOC/ ga l Coating Moto r Vehicle Cavity Wax 0.65 5.4 Motor Vehicle Sealer 0.65 5.4 Motor Vehicle Dead e ner 0.65 5.4 Motor Veh icle 0.20 1.7 Gasket/Gaske t Sealing Mate ri a l s Motor Vehicle Underbody 0.65 5.4 Motor Veh icle T ruck Int er i or 0.65 5.4 Moto r Veh icle B ed li ner 0.20 1.7 Motor Vehicle Lub r i catin g 0.70 5.8 Wax/Co mpound

B. Recomme n ded Option 2 for Reducing Coat i ng VOC Em i ssions: E mi ss ion Rate Limits B ased on Low- VOC Coatin gs and Add-on Co ntrol s
- V O C per Vo lum e So lids Op t ion 2 i s in te nd ed f o r fac ili ties that u se a combi n ation of low- VOC coatings and addo n co ntro l eq uipm e nt o n a coating unit. Usi n g an assumed V OC den sity of 7. 36 pound s pe r gallon , the equi va l e n t limits in t erms o f mass ofVOC per vo lume of so l ids , as ap pli ed, are p rov ided i n Tables 7- I 0.
Table 7. Meta l Part s and Products VOC Content Lim i ts Coati ng Air Dried Baked Category kg VOC/1 l b VOC/ gal kg VOC / 1 l b VOC/ ga l C oat i ng Coating Coating Coating Genera l O ne 0

. 54 4

. 52 0.40 3.35 Co mp onent Genera l Multi- 0.54 4.52 0.40 3.35 Co mponent Camou fl age 0.80 6.6 7 0.80 6.67 E lectric- 0.80 6.67 0.80 6.67 Insu lati n g Varni s h E t c hin g F i ll e r 0.80 6.67 0.80 6.67 Ex tre m e Hi g h- 0.80 6.67 0.6 1 5.06 Glo ss Extre me 0.80 6.67 0.6 1 5.06 PerformanceHeat- Res i stant 0.80 6.67 0.61 5

. 06 High 4

. 56 38.0 4.56 38.0 Performance Architectural High 0.80 6

. 67 0.80 6.67 Temperature Meta lli c 0.80 6

. 67 0.80 6.67 M ili tary 0.54 4.52 0.70 3

. 35 Sp e c ification Mold-Seal 0.80 6

. 67 0.80 6.67 Pan Backing 0.80 6.67 0.80 6.67 Prefab r icated 0.80 6.67 0.40 3.35 Architectural Multi

Component Prefabricated 0.80 6

. 67 0.40 3.35 Architectural One Component Pretreatment 0.80 6.67 0.80 6.67 Silicone R e lease 0.80 6.67 0.80 6.67 So lar-Absorbent 0.80 6.67 0

. 61 5.06 Vacuum

- 0.80 6.67 0.80 6.67 Metalizing Drum Coat ing , 0.54 4.52 0

. 54 4.52 New , E xte r io r Drum Coating , 0.80 6.67 0

. 80 6.67 New , Interior Drum Coat ing, 0.80 6.67 0.80 6

. 67 Reconditioned , E xterior Drum Coating , 1.17 9.78 1.1 7 9.78 Reconditioned , Interior
T a ble 8 Pla s tic P a rts a nd Product s VOC C ontent Limits


## . Coating Category kg VOC/1 Coating lb VOC/ ga l Coating General One Component 0.40 3.35 G e neral Multi-Component 0

. 80 6.67 Electric Dissipating and 8

. 96 74.7 S hock

- Free Extrem e Performance (2- 0

. 80 6.67 pack coatings) M e ta lli c 0.80 6.67 M ili tary Specificati on ( 1 - 0

. 54 4.52 pack coatings)Military Specification (2- 0.80 6.67 pack coat ings) Mold-Seal 5.24 43

. 7 Mult i-colored Coatings 3.04 25.3 Optica l Coatings 8.96 74.7 Vacuum-Metal izi ng 8.96 74.7
Tab l e 

### 9. Automotiveffransportatio n and B u s iness Machine P l astic Parts VOC Content Limits Coating Category kg VOC/ 1 Coating l b VOC/ ga l Coating Automotive/Transportation Coatings* I. High Bake

- In ter ior and Exterior Parts Flexible Primer 1.39 11.58 Non -Flexible Primer 0.80 6

. 67 Basecoat 1.24 10.34 Clearcoat 1.05 8

. 76 Non- Basecoat/Clearcoat 1.24 10.34 II. Low Bake / Air Dri ed- Exterior Part s Primer 1.66 13.80 Bas ecoat 1.87 15.59 Clearcoat 1.39 11.58 Non

- Basecoat/Clearcoat 1.87 15.59 III. Low Bake/Air Dried

- 1.87 15.59 In terior Part s IV

. Touch-Up and Repair 2.13 17.72 Business Machine Coating I. Primer s 0

. 57 4

. 80 

### II. Topcoat 0.57 4.80 

### III. Texture Coat 0.57 4.80 IV. Fog Coat 0

. 38 3

. 14 V. Touch-Up and Repair 0.57 4.80 *For red , yellow, and black automotive coatmgs , except touch-up and repair coatmgs , the limit is determined by mu ltip lying the appropriate limit in this section of the table by 1.1 5.


### T bl 

### 10 P I

a e 

# . eas ure 

# c f 

# s f 

# c rat u r ace oatmg 

## voceon tent L

.. a m a ts Coating Category kg VOC/1 Coating l b VOC/ gal Coati n g Extreme High

- Gloss Topcoat 1.10 9.2 High-Glo ss Topcoat 0.80 6.7 Pretreatment Wash Prim e rs 6

. 67 55.6 Finish Primer / Surfacer 0.80 6.7 High-Build Primer Surfacer 0

. 55 4.6 Aluminum Substrate 1.53 12.8 Antifoulant Other Substrate Antifou l ant 0.53 4.4All Other Pleasure Craft 0.80 

### 6.7 Surface Coatings for Metal or Plastic
In addi tion , it is recommended that one or more of the following coating app lic at ion methods b e used in conju nct ion w ith the use oflow- VOC conte nt coatin gs in Options I and 2: Electrostatic application, HVLP spray, flow coat, roller coat , dip coat (including e l ectrodeposition), airless spray, air- assis t ed airless sp ray , or other coating app li cation methods capab le of ach iev ing a transfer effic ie nc y eq uiva lent to or better than that achieved by HVLP spray in g.
C. Recommended Option 3 for Reducing Coati ng VOC Emiss ion s: Add-on Co ntrol s In Lieu of Low- VOC Coatings and Spec ified App lication Methods
Should product performance requirem e nts or other needs dictate the use of higher- VOC materials th an those th at would meet the re commended emission limits, a facility could choose to use add-on control equipment with an overall control efficiency of90% in li eu of using low- VOC coatings and specified app l ication methods. This contro l option, like the two options described above, app li es to a ll coatings and thinners applied to miscellaneous metal and plastic part components or products , except as described above for motor ve hicl e materials. For both recommended options 2 and 3 , available add -on devices includ e, for examp le, oxid izers , adsorbers , absorbers, and concentrato r s. Add-on devices coup led with capt ure systems t o collect th e VOC being re leased at the affected facilities can achieve an overall con tro l efficiency of 90%.
Additio nall y , work pra c ti ces to further red uce VOC emissions from coatings as well as t o minimize em i ss ion s from cl ean in g materials u sed in coating processes are recommended. For coating re l ated activities , the CTG recommends the following work practices: 1. Store all VOC-containing coat ings , thinners , and coating-related waste materials in closed co ntainers. 2

. E n s ure that mixin g and storage conta in ers u sed fo r VOC-conta inin g coatings, thinners , and coating-rel ated waste materials are kept c l osed at all times except when depositing or removing these m ater ia l s. 3. Minimize spills of VOC

- contai nin g coatings, th inners , and coat in g-re lated waste materials. 4. Convey VOC-containing coatings , thinners , and coating-related waste materials from one location to another in c losed containers or pipes.
The CTG recommends that, at a minimum, the work practices for c l eaning materials include th e following: 1. Store all VOC-containing c le aning materia ls and used s h op towels in closed containers. 2

. Ensure that storage containers used for VOC-containing cleaning mate r ials are kept c l osed at all times except when depositing or re m ov in g these mat e rials. 3. Minimize spills of VOC

- co ntain ing cleaning materia ls.4. Convey VOC-con t aining cl e anin g m a t erial s f ro m one lo cation to another in clos e d co ntai ne rs or pipe s. 5. Minimi ze VOC em i ss i on from c l ean in g of app lic at ion , sto rage, mi x in g, and convey in g e quipm e nt by e n s urin g th at e qu ipm ent cl ean i ng i s p e r forme d w i thout atom iz in g th e cl ea ning so lvent a nd a ll s p e nt so l vent i s cap ture d in clo sed
co nt a in e rs.


### II

. Sta te S ubmitta l f o r Mi s cellan eo u s Metal Parts and Products Coa tin g Applicati o n Sys t e m s
9VA C5 Chapter 40 , A rticle 59, Em i ss io n Standards for Misce ll aneous Meta l Parts and Products Coatin g App li cation Systems in th e Northe rn Vi rg ini a Vo lat il e Organic C ompo und E mi ss ion s Co ntro l Area , 8-hour Ozone S tandard , estab l i s hes app li cability and exe mption s, de finit ions , emiss ion standards , compliance, test methods, m o nitorin g, and
no tification s , reco rds and repo rtin g fo r mi sce llan eo u s me tal part s and products coati n g ope rations. The prov i s ions apply to eac h m i s ce ll a neo u s metal p arts a nd p roducts app licati on process at a facility w here the total actu a l VOC e mi ss ions from m i sce ll aneous meta l products and pla sti c parts surface coating ope rat ions , includin g r e lated clean in g ac ti v itie s , at the faci lit y are , eq ual to or exceed 6.8 kg/day or ( 1 5 lb/ day) o r a n eq uival e nt le ve l of2.7 ton s p e r 1 2 -month ro llin g ave rage, before cons id erati o n of co ntrols. The provi s ions app ly o nl y to affected fac iliti es in th e No rthern V ir g ini a VOC Emi ss ions Contro l A rea d es ig n ated in s ubdi vis io n I a of 9V ACS

- 2 0- 206.
9V ACS-40

- 8820 es ta bli s he s definition s whic h pe r ta i n to metal and p las ti c parts coati n gs. T he definition for hi g h performance arc hitectura l coating refe rs to any coat in g used to p rotec t architectural s ub sec tions and that meet s the requirements of the Americ an Arc hitectura l Manufacture rs Association ' s (AAMA) Volunta ry Speci fi ca tion , Performance Requirements and T est Pr oced ure s for High Perf o rm a nce Organ ic Coatin gs on A l uminum Ex tru s ion s and P ane ls , publi cati o n numb e r AAMA 260 4-0 5, or Vol unt ary Spec ific ati o n , P erfo rman ce Require me nt s a nd Te st Procedures fo r S up e rior Performin g Organic Coatin gs o n A lum inum Extru s io n s a n d Panel s, pub li cation numb e r AAMA 2605

- 05. V ir g i ni a i s a me ndin g 9VACS-20-2 1 , Docume nts incorporat ed b y refe ren ce , in order to add th ese two documents

. 9VACS

- 40-88 30 es tabli s hes VOC co nt e nt limi ts and emission limits for coatin g operations state d in EPA's recomme nded lim its descr i bed above in E P A's Recommend ed Co ntrol Opti o n s for M i sce ll aneous Meta l a nd Plastic Part s Coatings. Th e VOC content limits are th e sam e as tho se li sted in Tab les 2

- 6 above for Option I , VOC Co nte nt Lim its Based o n low
- VO C Coat ing s. In sec tion 9V ACS-40-8830, s ub sec ti on A , these ta bles are Tabl e 4-59A through 4

- 59E.
In a ddition , s ub sec ti o n B of9 VAC5-40-88 30 es t ab li s hes VOC e mi ss io n rate lim its for low
- VOC coatin gs and a dd- o n control s o n a VOC per vo lum e so li d s basis. Th ese e mi ss ion limits a r e l isted 

### in Tables 7

- 10 above in O p tio n 2 , VOC E mi ss ion Limi ts Based on low- VOC Coatin gs and Add-on Co ntr o ls. I n sectio n 9V ACS-40-8830, s ubsection B , these tab les are Table 4-5 9F thro u g h 4-591.Shou ld product performance requiremen t s dictate th e use of higher- VOC mat er ial s than tho se s pecified in su b se cti o n s A and B , 9V AC5-40-8830 , subsectio n C, allows an affected fac ilit y to use add-on control eq uipm en t wi th a n overall con t ro l effic ie n cy of 90% in li eu o f using low
- V OC c oa tin gs
. I n 9V ACS

- 40-8830, s ub sec tion D , work pra ct ices for s to rage, mi x in g ope ration s, and h a ndlin g ope ra ti o n s f o r coatings , thinn e r s, a nd coatin g -r e lated was te material s are es t ab li s h ed an d are the sa m e as the recomm e n ded pract ices described above in EPA's Recommended Contro l Options for Misce ll aneous M e t a l and Plast ic Part s Coatings

. In 9V AC5-40-8830, s ubs ec tion E, work practic es for c leanin g material s u se d to c lean s urf aces befor e coating and to clean application e quipm e nt betwe e n co atin g jobs are estab li s hed and are the same as the recommended practic es d esc rib e d above in EPA's R eco mm e nded Contro l Options for Miscellan e ou s M e ta l a nd Pla s tic Part s Coatings. La s tl y, 9V AC5-40-8830 , s ub section F , states that th e fo ll ow in g application techniq u es s ha ll b e u sed to apply an y finish mate rial li ste d in Tab l es 4-59A throu g h 4-59 1: 1. F low/c urtain coating 2. Dip coatin g 3. Rolle r coat in g 4. Brus h coatin g 5. Elec trodepos iti o n coatin g 6. HVLP sp rayi n g 7. E lec tros tati c sp ray 8. Ai rl ess s pra y 9. Air-assiste d airless sp ra y o r I 0. O th er coati n g application m e thod s that achiev e e mi ss i o n re du cti o n s e qui va lent to or greater th an tho se achieved by HV LP o r e lect ros t at ic s pra y app lic at ion m e thod s.
9VAC5-40-8840 es t ablishes the standard for v i s ibl e em i ss ion s and 9V AC5 -40-8850 establi s he s th e s tandard for fugitive dust/ e mi ss ion s
. 9V AC5-40-8880 and 9V AC5-40- 8890 es t abli s h compliance requirement s and a comp lian ce s ch e dul e for misc e ll a n eo u s m e ta l p art s and product s coating operations. 9V AC5-40-8900 es tabli s hes test method s and p roce dures, 9V AC5-40-891 0 establishes monito rin g requirements , and 9VAC5 -4 0- 8920 es t ab li s hes notifi c ation , records , and re p o rtin g req uire m e nt s
. 9 V AC5

- 40

- 8930 and 9VAC5-40

- 8950 s t a te registration and p e rmit r eq uire men t s.
HI. EPA Ana l ysis for Miscellaneous Meta l Parts and Product s Coating Virginia ha s adopted the stan d ard s and requirement s of E P A's CTG for mi sce llane o us m e t al and pla s ti c part s coat in gs
. EPA 's eva lu a ti o n s how s th at Art icl e 59 contain s the requ i r e d e lements for a federally enforceable rul e: Em i ss io n limit at io n s, compliance p roce dure s and test methods, complianc e dates a nd record keepi n g provisions and is consisten t w ith th e g uidance in EPA 's CTG for this sou rc e category. E P A has reviewed AAMA publications 2604-05 and 2605-05 and find s th a t th e definition of hi g h p e rf o rman ce archit ec tural coating is reaso nabl e and appropriate. Th e maximum benefitfrom these amen dm e n ts will be provided during the ozo ne season w he n VOCs readily combi ne w ith NOx to form g r ou nd

- leve l ozone.

F. ADDITIONAL REVISIONS
9V AC5 Chapter 40 , Art i c le 53, Emi ss io n Standards f or Lit h ographic Printing Processes , sectio n 9V AC5

- 40-7800 , is amended to exempt offset lith ographic print i ng processes in the Northe rn Virgin ia VOC Emissions Control Area from its p rov i s ions and refers app li cable fac ili t ies to th e prov i sio n s in Article 56. 1 , E mi ssio n Sta n dards f o r Offset L ith og raphi c Printin g Ope rat io ns in the No rt h e rn Virgin ia Vo lat ile Organic Com pound E mi ss ion s Contro l A rea , 8-hour Ozone S t a ndard. A rticle 56.1 a dopt s EPA's reco mmend e d co ntr o l l eve l s in the CTG wh ic h a re more strin gen t than th e p r o vi s ion s in Article 53 a nd a re spec ifi c to offset lith og raphi c printing operations.
9VAC5 Chapter 40 , Article 34, Emission Standards fo r Miscellaneou s Meta l Parts and Products Coat ing App li cation Systems, sect ion 9VAC5 -4 0-4760 is ame nded t o exempt VOC so urces in the Northern Virginia Volat il e Organic Compound Emi ss ions Control Area from its provi sio ns. O n and after F ebruary l , 20 17 , these sources are subject to Article 59 , E mi ss io n Sta ndard s for Miscellaneous Me tal Part s and Products Coatin g A ppli cation Sys t e m s in the Northern Virginia Volatile Organic Co mp o und E mi ss ion s Co ntrol Area , 8-hour O zo n e Standard

. Article 59 i s s pecific to faciliti es in the OTR and ado pts E PA 's recom m e nd e d contro l leve l s in th e CTG which are m o re s trin ge nt than the provisions in Article 34.

G. EPA EVA L UAT ION AND RE COMMENE D AGENCY ACTION Virginia h as adop ted th e standard s and r eq uire me nts of E PA 's C T Gs for offse t litho g raphic printin g a nd lette rpress printing; indu s tri a l so lve nt cleaning operations; mi sce llaneou s indu stri a l adhes ives; a nd mi sce ll aneous metal and pla s tic parts coatin gs a nd i s a mendin g the Virginia SIP to reflect th ese a me ndm e nt s. T h ese revis i o ns will address the RAC T requ ireme nt s for V irg ini a for offset litho g raphi c printin g and letterpress printing ; industrial so l ve nt cleaning ope ratio n s; miscellaneous industrial adhesives; and miscellaneous metal and plastic parts coati ngs. T h e ado pti o n of these CTG requirement s mee t the requirements of sec tio n 1 84 of the CAA an d will result in the reduction ofVOC e mi ss io n s from these sources wit hin the OTR

. T he reduction ofV O C e mi ssio n s w ill reduce th e fo rmation of ozo ne, an d there by protec t public health and welfare. EPA's approva l ofthe SIP rev i s ion s i s re co mm e nd e d.