NAT L INST, OF STAND & TECH R.IX

A111D3 3TlDfib

NBS BUILDING SCIENCE SERIES

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards

NBSLD,

e Computer Program

eating and Cooling Loads

in Buildings
The Building Science Series

buThe Bu.lchng Soence Senes d.ssemmates technical information developed at the Nattonal Bureau of Standards on ld.ng materials, components systems, and whole structures. The Series presents research results, test methods nd performance crtterta related to the structural and environmental functions and the durability and safety c^a

-' acteristics of building elements and systems. ' These publications, similar in style and content to the NBS Building Materials and Structures Reports (1938-59) are directed toward the manufacturing, design, construction, and research segments of the buSdin. ndustry standards organizations, and officials responsible for building codes. nuuain^ industry,

The material for this Series originates principally in the" Center for Building Technology of the NBS Institute for Applied Technology. The publications are divided into three general groups: Building Systems and Prices e please

Health, Safety and Comfort; and Structures and Materials. For further information regarding the e publ o'^ Technology,

contactNational

the Program Planning and Liaison Unit, Center for Building Technology, Inltitu e fL Apld Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234. Applied

DATE DUE

GAYLORD PHINTEO IN U.S.A.

[See mailing list announcement on last page]
NBSLD, the Computer Program

for Heating and Cooling Loads in Buildings

n£6 ^\\cjiAa Ocifnce. oe»

Tamami Kusuda

Building Environment Division

Center for Building Technology

Institute for Applied Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

Sponsored by

Housing and Urban Development

451 7th Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20410

and

The National Bureau of Standards

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. Elliot L. Richardson, Secretary

Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson, Assisfant Secreiary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director

Issued July 1976
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-600028

National Bureau of Standards Building Science Series 69

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 69, 398 pages (July 1975) CODEN: BSSNBV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1976

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. C13.29/2:69). Price $4.60 (Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing).
Preface

This document comprises the engineering manual for the computer program called the National Bureau of Standards Load Determination Program

hereafter referred to as NBSLD. Presented herein are the algorithms for

the exact calculation methodology that was developed in the Thermal Engineering Section of the National Bureau of Standards to determine accurate heating and cooling loads for the thermal design of buildings. NBSLD,

which is based upon the methodologies presented in this publication, has

been available for some time for the purpose of evaluating various building constructions and systems. The program was originally developed as

a research tool because none of the commercially available programs had

features or the sophistication to enable the evaluation of unconventional

designs. NBSLD has been an indispensable tool for studies of numerous

HUD housing systems, constructions of the Defense Department and the General Services Administration where non-conventional design conditions

had to be evaluated.

As the existence and the capability of NBSLD became known, numerous

requests were made to NBS to release the program for public use. This

publication is in response to that request. Hopefully, engineers will

be able to adopt some of the computational schemes described in this publication to their own programs. A complete Fortran program is attached,

although NBS does not claim that the program is optimum from the standpoint of the computer memory allocation or computational economy. It

will take additional improvements before the program becomes optimum from

those viewpoints. The program documentation is being made available at

i
this time so engineers can use it for accurate load determination as they

seek to conserve energy through improved thermal design of buildings.

The author would appreciate receiving reader's comments with respect to

the accuracy of this text

.

It should be mentioned that some of the subroutine algorithms listed

in this publication have already been published in the well known ASHRAE

booklet entitled "Procedure for Determining Heating and Cooling Loads for

Computerized Energy Calculations". These subroutines were compiled by

the author who served as the chairman of the Subcommittee on Heating and

Cooling Load Calculations of the ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements

for Heating and Cooling of Buildings. The ASHRAE publication, however,

contains several critical errors, which have been corrected for use in

this volume.

The author is greatly indebted to Dr. J. E. Hill and Mr. J. P. Barnett

for their thorough editing of the text, to Mrs. Sharon D. Crampton for

her skill and patience in typing the manuscript and to Mr. F. J. Powell

for his encouragement to produce the document.

ii
Table of Contents

Page

1. Introduction 1

2. Fundamentals of Heating and Cooling Load Calculation ... 3

2.1 A Rigorous Method of Calculating Heating and Cooling

Loads 5

2 .2 Approximate Methods of Calculating Heating and Cooling

Loads 9

3. Unique Features of NBS Load Calculation Computer Program . . 15

4. General Description of NBSLD Subroutines 22

5. NBSLD Logic Diagram 31

6. References 33

7. Appendix A - ASHRAE Task Group Subroutine Algorithms

CLIMAT - Weather data processing la

SUN - Basic solar position data 6a

CCF - Cloud cover factor 15a

SOLAD - Solar radiation intensity 18a

TAR - Glass transmission and absorption 22a

SHG - Solar heat gain through a window 2 9a

SHADOW - Sunlit area calculations 31a

FIJ - Radiation heat transfer exchange factors 48a

FI - Interior surface heat transfer coefficients ..... 64a

FO - Outside surface heat transfer coefficients ..... 65a

ACR - Air cavity heat transfer coefficients » 68a

XYZ - Conduction transfer functions 71a

HEATW - Heat conduction through exposed surfaces 7 9a

SCHEDULE - Internal heat generation 86a

Fundamentals of Room Temperature and Cooling (Heating)

Load Calculations 89a

RMTMP - Exact room load calculation 94a

ATTIC - Exact attic temperature calculation 108a

IHG - Instantaneous heat gain concept 109a

HLC - Heating/cooling load calculation by the transfer

function method 115a

RMRT - Transfer functions for the room temperature calculations 122a

HEXT - Heat extraction rate calculation 12 8a

INFIL - Building air exchange calculation 129a

iii
Page

Miscellaneous routines

DST - Daylight saving time indicator

WKDAY - Day of week identifier . . . HOLDAY - U. S. holiday identifier . PSY - Psychrometric calculations . .

144 a 145a

149a

150a

8. Appendix B - Weighting Factor Method of Calculating Heating and Cooling Loads and Space Temperature

9. Appendix C - NBSLD Data Forms

10, Appendix D - Fortran Listing of NBSLD

11. ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart

I

iv
NBSLD

National Bureau of Standards Heating and Cooling

Load Determination Program

T. Kusuda

Thermal Engineering Section

Building Environment Division

Center for Building Technology

Institute for Applied Technology

A comprehensive computer program called NBSLD, the National Bureau

of Standards Load Determination program, has been developed at NBS to reflect the time change of the many building parameters which are pertinent

to accurate estimation of energy usage for heating and cooling. Current

status of heating and cooling load techniques is reviewed. Of general

interest are unique features of NBSLD which are not available in existing computer programs. A summary of various subroutines of NBSLD is given along with the detailed procedures for them. These subroutines constitute the recommended subroutine algorithms of the ASHRAE Task Group

on Energy Requirements. Complete Fortran listing of NBSLD and data preparation forms are given for those who wish to use the program. The NBSLD

computation is on the basis of the detailed solution of simultaneous heat

balance equations at all the interior surfaces of a room or space. Transient heat conduction through exterior walls and the interior structures

is handled by using conduction transfer functions. The use of heat balance equations, although time consuming in calculation, can avoid the

vagueness and uncertainties inherent in the more popularly used weighting

V
factor approach. In addition, it is more accurate for a specific builddesign.

Key words: ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements; conducion transfer functions; heating and cooling load; National Bureau of

Standards Heating and Cooling Load Computer Program.

vi
1. Introduction

Numerous studies in recent years on the matter of energy shortage

lead one to believe that the U. S. demand for energy will very shortly

outstrip her power generating capacity and fossil fuel supply. According to a recent report of the Stanford Research Institute—'', space heating and cooling for residential and commercial buildings amounts to approximately 2 07o of the total energy consumed in the United States, which

was 60 trillion Btu per year in 1968. Moreover, recent and frequent blackouts and brownouts in the east coast region of the United States are good

indications that the electric power demand for summer air conditioning

exceeds for certain times, the capability of supply and distribution by

the power companies.

It is in this context that new and accurate methodology for energy

calculations is most crucial for the design and analysis of the performance of space heating and cooling systems. This is especially true in

view of the fact that the current load calculation procedures could lead

to the over-design of heating and cooling equipment and imprudent use of

energy.

It is generally accepted that buildings can be designed to be energy

effective if their thermal insulation is increased; window size, air leakage, and lighting levels decreased; shading devices properly installed;

heating and cooling systems adequately designed, installed, and maintained;

and their heat storage capability most fully utilized. These energy saving features, however, must be considered with reference to numerous constraints, such as added costs for material, construction and maintenance,

1
conformance to local building codes, occupancy life styles, aesthetics,

construction practices, and availability of equipment.

In spite of these constraints, there is sufficient engineering information and technical basis that exist today to warrant extensive studies on various design alternatives for heating and cooling the building

to minimize the wasteful use of energy. Design and operation of heating

and cooling systems based upon conventional steady-state calculations,

for example, usually result in oversizing of equipment and overheating

or cooling of the space to be controlled. An over-design system usually

operates at lower efficiency and needs more material (consequently more

energy) to produce it, thus creating a vicious cycle.

One effective way to design the heating and cooling systems which

is optimum from the standpoint of energy consumption, peak power demand

and many practical constraints mentioned above, is to study the building

thermal performance by using accurate simulations. Because of the use

of computer simulations make it possible to evaluate the sensitivity of

various design alternatives on the net energy usage, they can be a very

effective tool in the design process. In order for such design studies

to be conducted on the computer however, the computer program to be used

should be very comprehensive and should indicate the proper response to

the change of the many parameters which are pertinent to energy usage.

The intent of this document is to present a more detailed calculation

methodology than is generally used to make it possible for engineers to

reduce the area of approximation, where this is considered desirable, by

a rigorous computer simulation of building systems, which consider and

take into account most of the variables that affect the building and

2
system operation.

Refined and sophisticated calculation procedures unfortunately are

both time consuming and expensive. Without the use of advanced computer

methods, they aire literally impossible. The development of such calculation procedures can only be justified on the basis that the more accurate

calculation will result in overall savings in energy usage and owning and

operating costs and consequently in total life cycle cost due to better

design of the building systems, more precise sizing of the equipment, and

more carefully controlled operation of the heating and cooling system.

There are many indications that such a justification is well warranted.

2. Fundamentals of Heating and Cooling Load Calculation

Calculation of the energy requirements of the heating and cooling

system of a building involves three major steps which may be carried out

simply to achieve approximate results, or with increasing degrees of complexity and sophistication as more accurate and more refined determination

of system performance is required. First, is the calculation of heat loss

or heat gain to the space which is heated or cooled. Second, is the determination of the heating and cooling load imposed on the system. Third,

is the calculation of the energy input to all of the system components to

satisfy that load.

2/

The ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals— contains the basic information

whereby the heating and cooling load of a building may be calculated. Customarily such load calculations are made for the so-called "design conditions" for sizing the equipment and developing the design of the heating

and cooling system. However, the "design conditions" normally exist only

• 3
for a very few hours, if at all, during a heating or cooling season.

Consequently, the actual day-by-day and hour-by-hour heating and cooling

load for energy consumption is quite different from that for the design

condition. Thus the heating and cooling load calculation for the purpose of estimating "energy requirements" must reflect the actual weather

conditions rather than a design condition.

Various methods have been developed in the past such as the "degree

day" method or "bin" method for proportioning the design load, to obtain

approximate monthly, daily, or hourly loads and consequently provide a

basis for determining energy requirements. Insofar as such methods are

based on valid approximation procedures and checked against actual operating experience, they provide the base for simplified determination of

energy requirements acceptable for the needs of most engineers.

In this section a review of the rigorous methods of calculating

heating and cooling loads by means of solving heat balance equations at

all the interior surfaces of a room or space is given. Also described

are approximate methods in which weighting factors are developed after

the heat balance equations have been solved for one set of conditions.

The NBSLD calculations follow the rigorous method while the ASHRAE Task

Group procedures use the weighting factor method.

In NBSLD the transient heat conduction through exterior walls of

the room or space is handled by using conduction transfer functions.

The use of heat balance equations at the interior surfaces, although

more time consuming, can avoid the vagueness and uncertainties inherent

in the weighting factor approach. In addition, it is more accurate for

a specific building design.

4
2.1 A Rigorous Method of Calculating Heating and Cooling Loads

A cooling (heating) load is of course the amount of energy that is

transferred to (from) the room and simultaneously removed (added) by the

conditioning equipment at any given time of interest. To calculate this

quantity directly requires a rather laborious solution of energy balance

equations involving the room air, surrounding walls, infiltrating and

ventilation air, and internal energy sources. The principle of calculation can be demonstrated by considering a fictitious space that is enclosed by 4 walls, a ceiling and floor, and having infiltration air as

well as normal internal energy sources. The six equations that govern

energy exchange at each inside surface at a given time t are:

m

q, = h^^. (t^ - t, ) + S 4 (t, - t^. ) + RS^. + RL. + RE

j

ijt a.jt i,t =

ij j,^ i,t i,t ijt ijt

for i = 1,2, 3,4, 5, 6

where

m = number of surfaces in the space

q. = rate of heat conducted into surface i at the inside

surface at time t

h , = convective heat transfer coefficient at interior

ci

surface i

g. . = radiation heat transfer factor between interior

surface i and interior surface j

t = inside air temperature at time ^

5
t. = average temperature of interior surface i at time ^ ^ 't t . = average temperature of interior surface j at time ^ J Jt RS, = rate of solar energy coming through the windows and

absorbed by surface i at time ^

RL. = rate of heat radiated from the lights and absorbed

by surface i at time ^

RE. = rate of heat radiated from equipment and occupants

and absorbed by surface i at time t

The equations governing conduction within the six slabs cannot be solved

independent of the above equations since the energy exchanges occurring

within the room affect the inside surface conditions which in turn affect

the internal conduction. Consequently, one is faced with solving six

equations simultaneously with the governing equations of conduction within six slabs in order to calculate the cooling load at time of interest

(Q ) which would be given by

where

6

U

= S h (t - t ) + p C G (t - t

* i=l

+ p C G (t - t ) + RS + RL + RE

a,^ a,^ a,t a,^

p = air density

C = air specific heat

G- = mass flow rate of outdoor air infiltrating into the

space at time ^

t = outdoor air temperature at time ^

6
v,t = mass rate of flow of ventilation air at time ^

t = ventilation air temperature at time ^

RS = rate of solar heat coming through the windows and

convected into the room air at time ^ RL = rate of heat from the lights convected into the room

air at time ^

RE = rate of heat from equipment and occupants and cona»t

vected into the room air at time ^ A rigorous approach such as this for calculating cooling load would be

practically "impossible if it were not for the speed at which such computations can be done by modern digital computers. Even so, there are very

few computer programs in use today where instantaneous cooling loads are

calculated in this exact manner. The concept, however, has been presented

3/ 4/ previously by Stephenson and Mitalas— , and by Buchberg— .

Not to be ignored is the effect of air temperature deviation from

some prescribed set point. This set point is the temperature for which

the cooling (heating) load calculation is made and for which the design

capacity of the cooling (heating) apparatus is usually selected. A recent study by Mitalas and Stephenson—'^ shows that actual heat extracted

from the space is considerably smaller than the cooling load calculated

on the basis of a constant space temperature. This is due to the thermal

storage effect of the building structure and internal furnishings. Figure 1 shows a result from that study and as can be seen, the calculated

cooling load peaks at values considerably higher than the measured heat

extraction rate.

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8
2.2 Approximate Methods of Calculating Heating and Cooling Loads

Since the exact solution technique is extremely time consuming especially for the calculations done for a period of 8760 hours (one year),

the ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements recommends a transfer function concept to simplify the calculation procedure. The transfer func3/ tion concept was first introduced by Mitalas and Stephenson— using what

they called room thermal response factors. Their procedure is as follows:

the room surface temperatures and cooling or heating load are first calculated by a rigorous method as described in the previous section for several typical constructions representing offices, schools and dwellings of

heavy, medium and lightweight construction. In these calculations, the

components such as solar heat gain, conduction heat gain, or the heat gain

from the lighting, equipment, and occupants are simulated by pulses of

unit strength. The transfer functions are then calculated as numerical

constants which represent the cooling load (or heating) corresponding to

the input excitation pulses. Once these transfer functions are determined

for a number of typical constructions, they are assumed to be independent

of input pulses and the determination of cooling loads (or heating) is

possible without resorting to the rigorous calculations. The calculation

required is, instead, simple multiplication of the transfer functions by

a time-series representation of heat gain and the subsequent summation of

these products, which can be carried out on a small computer with little

effort

.
Another way to shorten the computational effort for energy calculations is to determine regression parameters by fitting a simple algebraic

equation to the results of rigorous calculations, which had been obtained

not for an entire year but for a limited period in the year, such as for

the months of January and/or July. Once this regression equation is determined with sufficient accuracy, an energy estimate is made by superimposing the weather conditions of the other months onto the relationships

just determined.

An example of this approach is illustrated in Figure 2, which depicts

the daily total heating and cooling load plotted against the daily average outdoor air temperature. This plot is a result of a lengthy rigorous

calculation performed on a typical apartment in Jersey City using the annual hourly weather conditions that occurred in 1949. The straight lines

superimposed on the figures were the least square regression lines that

best fit the calculated loads for January and July. It was clear from

this figure that the exact calculations for other months would not be necessary, at least for the purpose of determining daily loads, since the

regression relationship determined from the January and July calculations

were sufficiently accurate that they could be extrapolated to the remainder of the year.

Depending upon the type of building and its heating and cooling system, a good correlation such as illustrated in Figure 2 may not be possible. Figure 3 shows, for example, a similar plot for a test office building whose heating and cooling load were measured in a research project

conducted by Ohio State University. The scatter appears considerably

larger than the calculated relationship obtained in the Jersey City study.

10

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12
It is obvious that the thermal performance of commercial buildings are

affected in a large way by the manner in which internal heat is generated

in addition to the normal dependence on outdoor temperature. The inclusion of one or more additional statistical parameters dealing with these

internal heat gains should improve the correlation.

Recently one additional method of predicting the heating and/or cooling load or the indoor temperature as a result of the excitation parameters such as outdoor temperature, solar radiation and internal heat generation has been demonstrated by Kusuda and Tsuchiya~^ and further expanded

by Kimura and Ishino—^. The method uses the concept of equivalent thermal mass of a building and attempts to fit the observed input and output

data into a linear differential equation. The initial results are promising. Figure 4 shows a comparison of predicted and measured room temperature and heat extraction rate for a simple one room test building

studied by Kimura and Ishino,

Calculated room temperature in Figure 4 is obtained by the transfer

functions derived from the measured data of August 19, while the heat extraction was calculated by the transfer functions derived from the measured values of August 13. The good agreement indicated in Figure 4 implies that the detailed calculation is needed only for a limited number

of days to derive accurate transfer functions based upon the equivalent

thermal mass of the particular building under consideration.

Private communication with Professor C. F. Sepsey and J. Jones of the

Ohio State University.

13
14
3. Unique Features of NBS Load Calculation Computer Program

A comprehensive yet easy-to-use computer program for determining

heating and cooling loads has been developed in the Thermal Engineering

Section of the Center for Building Technology at the National Bureau of

Standards. This computer program is based upon extensive information ac

cumulated over the past decades in various phases of building heat trans

fer problems, and is intended to be used for the design of equipment and

air conditioning systems as well as for estimates of building energy requirements.

The major reason why NBS developed this comprehensive program is

that despite the existence of numerous load calculation programs current

ly available, most of them are not suitable for the analysis of building

designs where non- conventional or innovative ideas on structures, heating and cooling systems and controls are employed. Some of the unique

aspects of building and system design and operation that can be handled

by or studied by using NBSLD are:

1. Inside-out construction of exterior walls where the thermal insulation is placed on the outside of the building

shell as opposed to conventional walls having insulation

on the inside. (These two walls could have the same Uvalue and yet their thermal response would be quite different.)

2. Effect of interior partition walls or floor-ceiling sandwich structures on the heat storage characteristics of

the room,

15
3. Off-peak heating or cooling of buildings to shave the peak

heating or cooling demand,

4. Evaluation of intentionally undersized heating and cooling

equipment by calculating the room temperature and humidity

deviations from a design set point. (The results would indicate whether or not the indoor conditions would remain

within acceptable limits.)

5. Evaluation of indoor thermal environment of various zones

during the intermediate season, such as spring and autumn,

when the heating or cooling requirements for these zones

may not be in phase with that of the building as a whole.

(This would apply to a case where a two-pipe system would

be installed for example. The central system for the entire building might be switched to heating in late autumn

and yet some zones, particularly those facing south may

still require cooling. NBSLD can be used to determine the

indoor thermal conditions of unheated or uncooled rooms.)

6. Use of solar energy for heating and cooling buildings as

it relates to the thermal storage characteristics of the

building

,

7. Use of attic ventilation to reduce the cooling load since

NBSLD can accurately predict attic temperatures,

8. Accurate determination of the need for heating and air conditioning in basement rooms ,

16
9. Design of heating and cooling systems and equipment on the

basis of intermittent operation , such as the shutdown of

air conditioning facilities during the nighttime or weekends ,

10. Effective use of natural air conditioning such as ventilation, shading, increased ceiling insulation and the subsequent determination of the requirements for mechanical

cooling,

11. Effective use of planned ventilation 111 1 to minimize a building heating load during the winter season,

12. Accurate evaluation of indoor comfort conditions based

upon air temperature, humidity and mean-radiant temperature,

13. Determination of the condition whereby moisture condensation takes place along interior surfaces of a building.

Figure 5 depicts an overall calculation sequence to attain the hour

by hour heating and cooling load of buildings. Shown in the double lined

boxes are input data to be supplied whereas those in single lined boxes

indicate calculations to be performed. The cycle indicators show the

iteration cycles for the number of buildings, the niimber of rooms in a

given building and the number of days for which the calculations are performed. More specific identification of the types of input data needed

are listed in Figures 6, 7 and 8. The exact way the input data is put

into the program is specified in Appendix C.

17
INTERNAL LOAD AND OPERATING SCHEDULE

WALLS, ROOF AND FLOOR DATA

building cycle

room cycle

day cycle

hour cycle

CONDUCTION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS

BUILDING DATA

ROOF SURFACE DATA

INTERIOR SURFACE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS

INTERIOR SURFACE RADIATION EXCHANGE FACTORS

WEATHER DATA

HOLIDAY, WEEKENDS DETERMINATION

DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME INDICATOR

CLOUDLESS SKY SOLAR RADIATION

SUN-LIT AREA DETERMINATION

CLOUD COVER MODIFICATION

ON SOLAR HEAT GAIN AND SOLAR INTENSITY

AIR INFILTRATION

OUTSIDE SURFACE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

OUTSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND HEAT FLOW

ATTIC TEMPERATURE

INSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND HEAT FLOW

COOLING LOAD OR THE ROOM TEMPERATURE

OUTPUT TABLE

! SYSTEM SIMULATION

Figure 5 Calculation Sequence of NBSLD

18
INPUT - OPERATING DATA

ELECTRIC POWER TO LIGHTS, WATTS PER SQUARE FOOT OF FLOOR

(QLITY)

HOUR BY HOUR LIGHTING SCHEDULE (QLITX)

ELECTRIC POWER TO EQUIPMENT, WATTS PER SQUARE FOOT OF

FLOOR (QEQPX)

HOUR BY HOUR EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE (QEQUX)

SUPPLY AIR RATE (CFMS)

AIR LEAKAGE RATE (CFML)

SUPPLY AIR TEMPERATURE (TS)

Figure 6

19
INPUT - BUILDING DATA

ROOM NUMBER (ROOMNO)

CEILING HEIGHT (H)

ROOM LENGTH (L)

ROOM WIDTH (W)

NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS (QCU)

OCCUPANT SCHEDULE (QOCUP)

WINTER WINDOW OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (UGLAS)

GROUND FLOOR HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (UG)

SUMMER INFILTRATION, AIR CHANGES PER HOUR (ARCHGS)

WINTER INFILTRATION, AIR CHANGES PER HOUR (ARCHGW)

TYPE OF HEAT TRANSFER EXPOSURES (ITYPE)

-ROOFS -WALLS -WINDOWS -DOORS -FLOORS

TYPE OF RESPONSE FACTORS TO BE USED (IRF)

-HEAVY/LIGHT: ROOF, EXTERIOR WALLS, CEILING/FLOOR

PARTITION

U VALUE OF THE EXPOSURE (U) (ONLY WHEN RESPONSE FACTOR

IS NOT CALCULATED)

AREA OF THE EXPOSURE (A)

ORIENTATION OF THE EXPOSURE (AZW) -N,E,S,W (ONLY FOR

EXTERNALLY EXPOSED SURFACES)

WINDOW SHADING COEFFICIENT (SHADE)

SOLAR HEAT ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT FOR THE EXTERIOR SURFACE

(ABSP)

TIME INCREMENT OF TEMPERATURE DATA USED

PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS - THICKNESS - THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY - DENSITY - SPECIFIC HEAT

NUMBER OF SURFACES IN EACH WALL (NS ,NW ,NN ,NE)

Figure 7

20
INPUT - WEATHER DATA

° LATITUDE (LAT)

° LONGITUDE (LONG)

° TIME ZONE NUMBER (TZN)

° MONTH (MONTH)

o DAY (DAY)

° ELAPSED DAYS SINCE JANUARY 1 (ELAPS)

° MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF THE DESIGN DAY (DBMAX)

° DAILY TEMPERATURE RANGE OF THE DESIGN DAY (RANGE)

° DESIGN INDOOR TEMPERATURE CONDITION (DBIN)

° DESIGN OUTDOOR WET-BULB TEMPERATURE (WBMAX)

o DESIGN INDOOR WET -BULB TEMPERATURE (WBID)

° DESIGN WINTER OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE (DBMWT)

o DESIGN SUMMER GROUND TEMPERATURE (TG)

° DESIGN WINTER GROUND TEMPERATURE (TGW)

Figure 8

21
4, General Description of NBSLD Subroutines

In order to perform the chain of calculations depicted in Figure 5

a number of subroutines were developed at the National Bureau of Standards, the algorithms of which have already been published through the

ASHRAE Task Group booklet entitled "Procedure for Determining Heating

and Cooling Loads for the Computerized Energy Calculations". This book

let, however, contained several errors which have been corrected and is

attached to this report as Appendix A. NBSLD incorporates most of the

revised ASHRAE algorithms as they are written; however, some of them

have been combined or split to fit the overall computational scheme in

NBSLD. Listed below is a brief description of the NBSLD subroutines

with their specific reference to the ASHRAE algorithms in parentheses.

1. ABCD, ABCDP, ABCD2 , ABCDP2 , DERVT, GPF, MULT, RESF,

RESFX, RESPTK: These routines are parts of the conduction transfer functions calculation package and

are needed for the accurate evaluation of thermal

time lag, damping, heat storage in exterior facing

surfaces as well as the internal furnishings. (XYZ)

2o AIRCON: This routine is used to determine instantaneous values of the physiological indices for the

space being studied such as ASHRAE 's New Effective

Temperature, Predicted Mean Vote (Fanger), Heat

Stress Index, KSU Index, Resultant Temperature, Operative Temperature, and Index of Thermal Stress

(Givoni), - not included in the text

22
ATTIC: Attic space temperature and heat conduction through

the ceiling into the room below are calculated by this routine for the vented or non-vented attics. (ATTIC)

CCM: This routine modifies the solar radiation computed

for a cloudless sky by instantaneous cloud cover data.

(CCF)

DPF: This routine calculates dew point temperature of atmospheric air when the partial vapor pressure is known.

(PSY)

DST: This routine determines whether a given data is in

a daylight saving time zone. The information is needed

for the proper assignment of the energy usage schedule.

(DST)

FCTR: This routine determines radiation exchange factors

between any two surfaces which are part of a given room.

For the room of six interior surfaces, for example, thirty

radiation exchange factors are calculated. These factors

are used in turn to determine the rate of heat exchange by

radiation between all the interior surfaces. (FIJ)

F: This routine calculates radiation heat exchange factors (form factors) between two adjacent rectangular surfaces which are normal to each other, such as that between

the floor and wall. (FIJ)

23
9. FO: This routine calculates the surface heat transfer coefficients for externally exposed surfaces from weather

data. (FO)

10. GLASS: This routine calculates solar heat gain through

glass when the shading coefficient, orientation, and type

of glass are given. (SHG)

11. HOLDAY: This routine identifies the national holidays in

the United States so that the proper holiday schedule can

be used for the energy calculation. (HOLIDAY)

12. OUTSID: This routine calculates the outside surface temperature and heat gain into the wall or roof by taking into

account solar heating, back radiation to the sky, convective heat loss to the ambient air and transient heat conduction within the wall or roof. (HEATW)

13. PSYl: This is a psychrometric rout ine that determines the

thermodynamic properties of moist air when the dry-bulb

temperature, wet-bulb temperature and barometric pressures

are given. (PSY)

14. PSY2: This routine is similar to PSYl except that the dew

point temperature is required instead of the wet-bulb temperature. (PSY)

15. PVSF: This routine determines the saturated vapor pressure of atmospheric air as a function of temperature.

(PSY)

24
16. RMTMP : This is the single most important subroutine of

NBSLD since it determines the room temperature by solving

matrix equations expressing a balance of heat gains, heat

storage at the room surfaces, and cooling capacity of an

air conditioning unit. However, the room temperature can

be prescribed, in which case the routine will calculate

the heating /coo ling requirements to satisfy that prescribed

temperature. (RMTMP)

17. ROOM: This routine reads in all the data required for the

room heat transfer calculation such as dimensions, surface

orientations, shading coefficients, surface solar absorptivity, etc.

18. SHG: This is the routine that calculates solar heat gain

through glass. (SHG)

19. SOLVP : This routine solves the simultaneous linear algebraic equations that appear in RMTMP. (RMTMP)

20. SUN: Basic sun data such as solar angles, cloud cover,

direct and diffuse radiation needed for solar heat gain

and solar heating of the building exterior surfaces are

calculated in this routine. (SUN, SOLAD)

21. TAR: This routine calculates transmission and absorption

characteristics of glass. (TAR)

22. WBF: This is another psychrometric routine that calculates the wet-bulb temperature when the enthalpy of moist

air and the barometric pressure are specified. (PSY)

25
23. WKDAY: This subroutine determines the day of week when

the date and year are given. The information is needed

for the proper selection of energy usage schedules which

are dependent upon whether the day is a weekday or not

.

(WKDAY)

24. WD, WDX, DECODE, ERROR, WEATHE : The weather data tape

1440 supplied by the National Climatic Center, Asheville,

N. C. is prepared in a format which cannot be readily applicable in most of the Fortran programs. These routines

are therefore necessary to read the 1440 tapes and decode

them into meaningful weather parameters, which in turn

can be used by UNIVAC 1108 Fortran of the National Bureau

of Standards. If there are some data which are unreasonable, the data will be replaced by the arithmetic average

of two adjacent data by the ERROR routine. (CLIMAT)

All the subroutines in the program may be used to form a separate

main program for a specific job. Following are sample usages of some

of the subroutines.

26
1. Psvchrometrlc Calculation

CALL PSYl (DB, WB, PB, DP, PV, W, H, V, RH)

where Inputs are DB = dry-bulb temperature

WB = wet-bulb temperature

PB = barometric pressure

outputs are DP = dew point temperature

PV = vapor pressure

W = humidity ratio

H = enthalpy

V = volume

RH = relative humidity

There is also a routine c^.lled PSY2 (DB, DP, PB, WB, PV,

W, H, V, RH) in which the inputs are DB, DP and PB instead of DB, WB and PB. In many cases DB and RH are the

inputs and the vapor pressure and dew point temperature

or the wet-bulb temperature at standard barometric pressure are the outputs. A possible algorithm that could be

desired, for example, might be:

PVS = PVSF (DB)

PV = PVS* RH/ 100

DP = DPF (PV)

Call PSY2 (DB, DP, PB, WB, PV, W, H, V, RH)

27
2 . Solar Radiation

Recently there has been increased interest in the application of solar energy for heating of hot water. SUN and

GLASS routines should be valuable for evaluating various

solar collectors at different locations in the United

States at different times of the year. A sample use of

these routines may be shown for a solar collector having

the following characteristics (Figure 9)

location: latitude =45°, longitude =73°

azimuth angle = 0° south

tilt angle = 30° from horizontal surface

2

. area = 500 ft

date = July 21

time = 4 : 00 p.m.

glass cover = double sheet - clear glass

U = overall heat transfer coefficient between the colR

2 lector surface and the ambient, Btu/hr ft "F*

U„ = overall heat transfer coefficient between the colW

lector surface and water, which is being circulated

2

under the collector plate, Btu/hr ft °F

TWI = water temperature entering the collector, °F

TWL = water temperature leaving the collector, °F

GPM = water circulation rate in gallons per minute

When the collector temperature is less than 150 °F, the typical value

of Uj^ for a flat black collector with double glass cover may be 0.75.

The value increases to as much as 1.5 when the collector temperature

is in the neighborhood of 300 °F. A special computer program is available for estimating the value of Uj^ for various types of collectors.

28
29
It is assumed that the collector is well insulated around

the edges and its bottom.

The algorithm for the use of SUN and GLASS routines would

then be

S(l) = LATITUDE =30

S(2) = LONGITUDE = 73

S(3) Time zone number = 5

S(4) Elapsed days since January 1 = 202

S(5) Time = 16

S(6) IDST = daylight saving time index = 1

S(7) Ground reflectivity = 0.2

S(8) Clearness number =1.0

S(33) = Cloud cover modifier = 1

S(9) = Azimuth angle of the collector = 0°

S(10) = Tilt angle of the collector = 30°

Call SUN

Call GLASS (SHDW, SHADE, GLASTP, GLAZE, SHG)

note : SHDW = sunlit area factor = 1

SHADE = shading coefficient = not applicable

GLASTP = 1/8" double strength glass (1)

GLAZE = double glazing (2)

SHG = solar heat gain - output

30
note: SUN and GLASS have S in common using the solar

heat gain through the glass plate. When the

edge heat loss is small, the following calculation may be used to estimate TS, collector surface and TWL, leaving water temperature from the

collector:

^ A*(SHG + UR^DB) + SOOvGPI^^TWlVcY

UR^vA + 50OvGPM>VY

where Y = 1 - e ^

where X = 50OGPM

5. NBSLD Logic Diagram

Figure 10 shows the way in which the various subroutines of NBSLD

fit together in the usage of the program.

31

6. References

1. "Pattern of Energy Consumption in the United States", Stanford Research Institute Report, pp. 6-7, January 1972.

2. "Heating Load" and "Air-Conditioning Cooling Load", ASHRAE Handbook

of Fundamentals , Chapters 21 and 22, pp. 375-445, 1972.

3. Mitalas, G. P. and Stephenson, D. G. , "Room Thermal Response Factors",

ASHRAE Transactions , 1967, Vol. II, pp. Ill 2.1-2.10.

4. Buchberg, H., "Sensitivity of the Thermal Response of Buildings to

Perturbations in the Climate", Building Science , Vol. 4, pp. 43-61,

Pergamon Press, 1969.

5. Mitalas, G. P., "An Experimental Check on the Weighting Factor Method

of Calculating Room Cooling Load", ASHRAE Transactions , 1969, pp. 222-

232.

6. Kusuda, T., Tsuchiya, T. and Powell, F. J., "Prediction of Temperature by Using Equivalent Thermal Mass Response Factors", Proceedings

of the 5th Symposium on Temperature , National Bureau of Standards,

1971.

7. Kimura, K. and Ishino, H. , "Air Conditioning Load Calculation by the

Equivalent Mass Weighting Factor Method for the Computerized Control",

Proceedings of the Japanese Architectural Society , pp. 249-250, Kyushu

meeting, October 1972 and Proceedings for the Second Symposium on the

Use of Computers for Thermal Engineering Related to Buildings, COSTIC,

1974.

33

7. Appendix A

Subroutine Algorithms Prepared for the

ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements
I

I
CLIMAT

A Procedure for Obtaining Climatic Weather Data

Climatic parameters needed for the hourly load calculations are:

DB: Dry-bulb temperature, F

DP or WB: Dew point or wet-bulb temperature, F'

CT: Cloud type

TP • lULctJ. C-Loua dmounc

V . Wind speed, knots

DIR: Wind direction (clockwise from North), degrees

PB: Barometric Pressure, in. Hg

ID: Direct Solar Radiation, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

''"djSky

* Sky diffuse radiation, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

'''d , ground

'

Ground diffuse radiation, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

Rain, Snowfall: Precipitation data (Optional)

Hourly observations of these weather parameters for past years are

available from the National Climatic Center either on magnetic tape or

in card deck form. The hourly solar radiation data has been recorded

for only approximately fifty stations throughout the United States (Table A-1). These data are, moreover, limited in their durations and completeness, and scarcely useful for the comprehensive energy analysis.

On the other hand, the data series 144 includes the hourly observations

of all of the parameters listed above except the solar radiation for more

than 300 weather stations (Table A-2 ) covering a period of from ten to

thirty years. Since the 144 series data are very much complete, it is

la
recommended that hour by hour energy calculations be made with this series

of data supplemented by simulated solar radiation data. A method for simulating solar radiation will be described later in this booklet.

Because of the specific coding scheme employed by the National Climatic Center for storing the hourly weather data onto the magnetic tapes,

the 144 series is not directly usable by the standard Fortran programs.

Different computing systems such as IBM 370, CDC 6600 and UNIVAC 1108

have their own decoding routines to read these tapes. Included in this

section is a listing of a Fortran program which illustrates a decoding

scheme required to make use of the weather tapes. This listing was prepared by Mr. McKay, Data Reduction Section, of the National Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina.

For further information on the procurement of weather tapes and possible assistance in decoding, the following office may be contacted:

Mr. G. McKay or D. Calloway

National Climatic Center

Applied Climatology Division

Federal Building

Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Tel. (704) 254-0961 x203

2a
Table A-1 Solar Radiation Data

Albuquerque, New Mexico

Apalachicola, Florida

Barrow, Alaska

Bethel, Alaska

Bismark, North Dakota

Blue Hill/Milton, Massachusetts

Boston, Massachusetts

Brownsville, Texas

Canton Island

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

Caribou, Maine

Charleston, South Carolina

Cleveland, Ohio

Columbia, Missouri

Dodge City, Kansas

El Paso, Texas

Ely, Nevada

Fairbanks , Alaska

Fort Worth, Texas

Fort Worth, Texas

Fresno, California

Grand Lake/Granby, Colorado

Great Falls, Montana

Hatteras, North Carolina

Inyokern, California

Lake Charles, Louisiana

Lake Charles, Louisiana

Lincoln, Nebraska

Lincoln, Nebraska

Los Angeles, California

Madison, Wisconsin

Matanuska, Alaska

Medford, Oregon

Miami, Florida

Nashville, Tennessee

New York, New York

Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Omaha, Nebraska (North Omaha)

Phoenix, Arizona

Riverside, California

Santa Maria, California

Santa Maria, California

Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

Seattle, Washington

Sterling, Virginia

Tucson, Arizona

Upton, New York

Wake Is land

Washington, D. C.

3a
Table A-2

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE

Stations for which Local CI imatol ogi cal Data are issued, as of January 1, 1972

ALABAMA FLORIDA tttSSACHU SETTS NEW YORK (Contd. ) ac Apalachicola abc Boston abc Buffalo abc Hunts vi 1 le abc Daytona Beach Blue Hill Obs, New York abc Mobl le abc Fort Myers abc abc Central Park abc

a c Montgomery abc Jacksonville

Key West MICHIGAN

abc

abc

J.F. Kennedy Int'i LaGuardia Field

I AP abc

ALASKA ac^ l^ke land abc abc Roc hes ter abc Detroit Syracuse abc

a be Annette^^ abc Or la ndo abc City Airport abc

abc Barrow abc Pensacola abc Detroit Metro AP NORTO CAROLINA abc abc Barter Island abc Tal lahassce abc Flint abc Asheville abc

abc abc Tampa abc Grand Rapids Cape Hatteras abc Settles West Palm Beach Houghton Lake abc

abc Big Delta abc abc Gree nsboro

abc Cold Bay GEORGIA ac Marquette abc Rale igh ac abc abc Athens abc Muskegon a be Wilmington

abc Gu 1 ka na abc At lanta abc Sault Ste. Marie abc Hooter abc Augusta NORTH mKOTA abc abc Juneau abc Columbus MINNESOTA abc Bismarck abc abc King Salmon abc

Kot zebue Rome" abc International Falls abc Wil Itston ab^ McGra th abc Savannah abc Minneapolis-St . Paul ^ *^ abc Roches ter OHIO

St Paul Is land HAWAII St, Cloud abc Akron—Canton ab^

abc Hilo C incinnat i abc Summit abc Honolulu MISSISSIPPI ac Abbe Obs

abc abc Ta Ikcetna Kahu lui abc Jackson ab abc Una iakleet ab^c Me r id ian C le ve land abc Yakutat IDAHO MISSOURI ab'^ Dayton"^ ^ *^ ARIZONA abc Boise abc Columbia abc tens fie Id abc Flags ta£f abc Lewiston abc Kansas City abc Y°^^e°t wn

^h^ a c abc Phoenix abc Pocatello St. Joseph a c oungs own abc abc ILLINOIS

abc abc abc W^^^l^w Lns o abc S pr ingf ield OKLAHOMA abc abc uma

ARKANSAS

ac

abc

Cairo Chicago

Midway Airport abc MONTANA

Bi 1 lings

ab

abc Oklahoma City abc

abc Fort Smith ab O'Hare Airport Glasgow OREGON

abc e oc abc Mo line abc Great Falls Astoria abc abc Peoria abc urns a be CA LI FORN I

abc Rockf ord abc Helena

abc Bakers field abc Springfield Ka 1 ispe 1

abc M^^^ha

abc INDIANA

abc Missoula^^

M^df d abc ac Bl^ °Can on abc ^b^ Pendleton

^^ka^"^°" abc Evansville ^ *^ P^"tland"

abc abc Fort Wayne NEBRASKA Salem^" abc

^ ^^'^Be h abc Indianapolis abcc Grand Island ^b^ a c Sexton Suimit

a c Los\ngcles Airport abc South Bend Lincoln abc ac Los Angeles

IOWA

abc Norfolk PACIFIC ISLANDS

r r North Platte ab abc abc Burlington ab*^ Johnston abc Oak land abc Des Moines ScottsbluEE Koror

a c Red Bluff abc Dubuque ac*^ Vale nt ine abc Kwa ja ei n abc Sacrame nto abc Sioux City abc abc Sandberg abc Waterloo NEVADA a c g g abc San Diego KANSAS

abc Elko abc Ponape abc San Francisco Ely abc Truk (Moen) abc abc abc abc La s Vega s abc Wake

ac City abc Dodge City abc Reno ap a c abc Santa Maria abc Good land abc Winnemucca

abc Stockton abc Topeka PBNNS Y LVAN LA abc Wichita NEW HAMPSHIRE abc A 1 lentown abc COLORADO

KENTUCKY

abc Concord abc Erie abc Alamosa ac Mt. Washington abc Harrisburg

abc Colorado Springs abc Lexington abc Philadelphia abc abc Denver abc Louisville NEW JERSEY Pittsburgh abc abc Grand Junction LOUISIANA Atlantic City abc Airport abc

abc Pueblo abc Airport abc abc Alexandria State Marina abc S

"^'^^

CONNECTICUT abc Baton Rouge abc Newark abc Williamsport

abc Bridgeport abc Lake Charles

ac Trenton

abc Hartford abc New Orleans RHODE ISIAND abc abc Shreveport

NEW MEXICO

Block Island abc DELAWARE abc Providence abc abc Wilmington MAINE abc Albuquerque

abc abc Caribou Clayton

SOUTH CAROLINA

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA abc Portland abc Roswel 1 Charleston

abc Washington-National AP NEW YORK

abc A irpor

t

abc abc Washington-Dulles Iiif I AP MARYLAND City abc abc Baltimore abc Albany abc Columbia abc

SOUTH EAKOTA Aberdeen

Huron

Rapid City

Sioux Falls

TENNESSEE

Bristol Chattanooga KnoxviUe

Memphis Nashville Oak Ridge

Area Stations City

TEXAS Abilene

Ama r i 1 1

o

Aust in Brownsville

Corpus Christi

Dallas

Del Rio

El Paso

Fort Worth

Galveston Houston

Lubbock Midland

Port Arthur

San Angelo

San Antonio

Victoria

Waco Wichita Palls

UTAH Milford

Salt Lake City

Wend over

VERMONT

Bur I ington

VIRGINIA

Lynchburg

Norfolk Richmond

Roanoke Wallops Island

WASHINGTON

Olympia Quillayute Airport

Seatt le-Tacoma AP Spokane Stampede Pass Walla Walla

Yak ima

WEST INDIES

San Juan, P. R.

WEST VIRGINIA

Beckley Charleston

Elkins

Hunt ington Parkersburg

WISCONSIN

Green Bay

La Crosse

Madison

Milwaukee

WYOMING

Casper Cheyenne

Lander Sheridan

b. Monthly Liable 3- hourly obser Published if 5 ilable per day.

iption Price: Monthly Local Clima

; cents for monthly Sunmary;

orders should be made payable to ment Printing Office, Washington

al Data 2.' per year including annual

15 cents for annual Sunmary, Back issues sell and remittances and correspondence should be s D. C, 20402.

y if published. Single co

le copy rates. Checks and

the Superintendent of Docui

useeMM-NOAA-ASHKVILLB.N.C. -3-31 -72 "3000

4a
SUBROUTINE SIGNCK(IFLD ,ISGN)

C THIS SUBROUTINE WILL TEST ANY PSYCHROMETRIC WITH A SIGN

C OVER UNITS POSITION READ AS AI AND THE HIGH ORDER POSITION

C AS AN I SPEC OF PROPER WIDTH.

C THE SIGN SHOULD ENTER THE PARAMETER LIST AS ISGN,

C THE REMAINING PORTION AS IFLD

.

C UPON RETURN FROM THIS ROUTINE, THE VALUE OF THE FIELD

C WILL BE AN INTEGER WITH PROPER SIGN.

C IT WILL BE THE USER RESPONSIBILITY TO CONVERT THIS TO REAL

C FORM WITH PROPER DECIMAL ALIGNMENT

.

C INVALID CONDITION CAUSED IFLD TO BE SET TO 9999

DIMENSION IP(10),MIN(10),NUM(10)

+

DATA IP/'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','0'/

DATA MIN/'J' , 'K' , 'L' , 'M' , 'N' , '0' , 'P' , 'Q' , 'R' , '0'/

DATA NUM/1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 0 /,IAST/'*'/

IF (ISGN. EQ. LAST) GO TO 16

DO 14 K=l,10

IF (ISGN. EQ. IP(K)) GO TO 20

IF(ISGN.EQ.MIN(K)) GO TO 22

14 CONTINUE

16 IFLD=9999

RETURN

20 IFLD=IFLD*10+NUM(K)

RETURN

22 IFLD= -(IFLD*10+NUM(K))

RETURN

END

5a
u

(Uu

•HQmo

4-1 •rlCOa

13

cd

CO •Hx»

•> CO C Pi O

•H <U U CO •H 3

CO t+-l O M-l

pL. -HO

COO CO

C/D 13 CO c e

•H

H

pt<

O

Oe

X!

•r<uo

60

COo

Pio

IS] • l-l

}-< oX

iHOS Xio

CO

(U 1—

u

1—1oI <

0)

!-(

6a
Figure A-1 DEFINITIONS OF SOLAR ANGLE

Data ;

L: Latitude, degrees,

ji: Longitude, degrees,

Worth"

L-South

-West

L-East

TZN: Time zone number (hours behind Greenwich mean time),

(see Figure A-3 and Table A-4)

d: Date, days (from start of year), (1 - 366)

t: Time, hours (after midnight), (0 - 24)

DST : Daylight saving time indicator (Output of DST),

0 for standard time and 1 for daylight saving time

p^: Ground reflectivity

CN: Clearness number (see Figure A-4)

7a
NORMAL TO

HORIZONTAL SURFACE

W

Figure A-2 Schematic Showing Apparent Path of Sun and Hour Angle

8a
Figure A-3 Time Zones in the United States

Table A-3 Time Zone Numbers in U. S. for Standard Time

TIME ZONE TZN

At lantic 4

Eastern 5 Central 6 Mountain 7 Pacific 8

Figure A-4 Clearness Numbers of Non-Industrial Atmosphere in United States

9a
Table A-4 lists, as function of date, five variables related to solar radiation. These variables are declination angle , 6; the equation

of time, ET; the apparent solar constant , A: the atmospheric extinction

coefficient

,

B; the sky diffuse factor. C.

TABLE A-4 VALUES OF fi. ET, A, B AND

A B C

Date

6

UK^^Jm C C O ET

Hours

Btu Per Air

1 id o o

Jan . 2

-20.0 -.190 390 0.142 0.058

Feb. 21 -10.8 -.230 385 0.144 0.060

Mar. 21 0.0 -.123 376 0.156 0.071

Apr . 211.6 .020 360 0.180 0.097

May 21 20.0 .060 350 0.196 0.121

June 21 23,45 -.025 345 0.205 0.134

July 21 20.6 _ l f)o 344 0.207 0.136

Aug. 21 -.051 J J i

r> 199

Sept. 21 0.0 .113 365 0.177 0.092

Oct. 21 -10.5 .255 378 0.160 0.073

Nov. 21 -19.8 .235 387 0.149 0.063

Dec. 21 -23.45 .033 391 0.142 0.057

k

Derived from the 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Table 1, p. 387,

Chapter 22

.

10a
Calculation Sequence :

1. Determine 6, ET, A, B, and C from Table A-4

2. h' = cos"''" (-TAN(L)*TAN(6)) (see Figure A-2

)

3. Y = h'*12/TT

4. Sunrise time (SRT) and sunset time (SST) in hr

SRT = 12-Y-ET-TZN + l/15

SST = 24-SRT

5. Hour angle h in degrees

h = 15* (t-12+TZN+ET) - i

If /h/ > /hW skip all the remaining calculations in this

sequence and set

IDN = 0

BS = 0

BG = 0

6. Direction cosines of direct solar beam

COS(Z) = SIN (L> SIN (5) + COS (L)*COS (6 )*COS (h)

COS(W) = C0S(6)*SIN(h)

COS(S) = (1-(C0S(Z))**2 - (COS(W))**2)**0.5

If Cos(h) > TAN (6) /TAN (L), COS(S) is positive

7. Solar altitude angle in radians

SALT = sin""*" (COS(Z))

8. Solar azimuth angle in radians

SAZM = sin"""" (COS (W) /COS (SALT)), if COS(S) > 0

SAZM = tt-SIN"''" (COS (W)/ cos (SALT)), if COS(S) < 0

9. Intensity of direct solar radiation for a cloudless condition

IDN = A*CN*Exp(-B/COS(Z))

11a
10. Diffuse sky radiation (sky brightness) for a cloudless condition

BS = C*IDN/(CN>v*2

11. Ground reflected radiation for a cloudless condition (ground

brightness

)

BG = p *(BS + IDN*COS(Z))

Calculation Modification for Southern Hemisphere :

The preceding algorithm is applicable to the northern hemisphere

only. For buildings in the southern hemisphere, the following modifications are required.

1. Shift values of B and C in Table A-4 by six months.

Values of 6, ET, A, B and C for the southern hemisphere are shown in Table A-5

.

12 a
TABLE A-5 VALUES OF 6, ET, A, B and C FOR SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

A R c

6 ET Btu per Air_

Date Degrees Hours (hr) (sq ft) Mass

Tan 2

1

-2 0.0 390 0.207 0.136

Ve^h r c u 2 1 • ^ i- -10 ft - 230 •J38S\JJ 0.201 0.122

Mar 2

1

0,0 - 123 376 0.177 0.092

Anr 2

1

11 6 02 0 360 0.160 0.073

Ma\T 9 1 2 n n . vjo w sn 0.149 0.063

Tiin^ 1 U ULlC ^ JL 2"^ AS - no 1^ IAS 0.142 0.057

Tiilv 21 20 fi - 1 0"^

• JL \JiJ 344 0.142 0.058

Ancr 21 1 2 3 3S 1 0.144 0.060

C?or>f- 2 1 0 0 1 0.156 0.071

CSni- 2 1 -in s 2 SS J / o 0.180 0.097

Nov. 21 -19.8 .235 387 0.196 0.121

Dec. 21 -23.45 .033 391 0.205 0.134

13a
If L > 0 and if Cos(h) > (Tan(6 )/Tan(L)), Cos(s) is positive,

and if Cos(h) ^ (Tan(6 )/Tan(L) ) , Cos(s) is negative.

If L < 0 and if Cos(h) ^ (Tan (6 )/Tan(L) ) , Cos(s) is positive,

if Cos(h) > (Tan(6)/Tan(L)), Cos(s) is negative.

14 a
CCF

An Algorithm for the Calculation of Cloudy Day Solar Radiation

This routine estimates the factor called CCF to modify the total

solar radiation on a horizontal surface with the observed cloud cover

data for a cloudy sky condition. The cloud cover observations are made

every hour at major weather stations by experienced observers who estimate the amount of cloud on a scale of 0 to 10 and indicate the type of

cloud in four different layers. Kimura and Stephenson—'' analyzed 1967

Canadian data for observed solar radiation with respect to the cloud

cover data, type of cloud, and the calculated solar radiation under a

cloudless condition at the same solar time. Based upon their analysis,

a comprehensive methodology was developed for calculating the cloudy

day solar radiation. The value of CCF, Cloud Cover Factor, is first

defined as follows:

CCF = ITHC/ITH

where

ITHC: Total solar radiation on a horizontal surface

under a cloudy sky of given cloud amount and

types of cloud

ITH: Total solar radiation calculated for a horizontal surface under a cloudless sky at the

same solar hour as of ITHC

15a
Data ;

IS : Season index

CAj : Cloud amount at the j-th layer, where j = 1, 2, 3, and 4

TOCj : Type of cloud at the j-th layer, where j = 1, 2, 3, and 4

TCA: Total cloud amount

Calculation Sequence:

1. X = (rCA,)^.^^^^ + (^'^j'clrrostratus ^ ^clrrocumulus

2 . Cloud cover

CC = TCA - 0.5*X

3. Cloud cover factor

CCF = P + Q>VCC + R-A'CC>v*2

where P, Q, and R are found in the following table

Table A-6

Season P Q R

spring 1.06 0.012 -0.0084

summer 0.96 0.033 -0.0106

autumn 0.95 0.030 -0.0108

winter 1.14 0.003 -0.0082

The value of P, which is essentially the cloudless sky factor, depends upon the proportion of direct to diffuse sky radiation in reference

to the standard ASHRAE values published in the 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals. If the value of P is unity, this proportion of direct to diffuse

solar radiation is such that the solar radiation evaluated for a hori16a
1

zontal surface under a cloudless sky should be equal to the value obtained

by the method described in the 1972 ASHE^E Handbook of Fundamentals. If

the value of P is different from unity, the direct to diffuse proportion

is different from the standard values.

17a
SOLAD

An Algorithm for Determining Diffuse and

Direct Radiation Falling Onto a Surface

This routine determines the total as well as the diffuse and direct

components of solar radiation incident on a given surface under either

clear or cloudy sky by using the cloudless sky data calculated in the

SUN routine and the cloud cover factor CCF calculated as deiscribed in

the previous section.

Data:

P: Cloudless sky factor shown in Table (A-6) in the

CCF routine

C: Standard diffuse sky factor shown in Table A-4 in

the SUN routine

CC: Cloud cover calculated in the CCF routine

CCF: Cloud cover factor determined by the CCF routine

WA: Azimuth angle of the surface under consideration

in radians from south; + if west and - if east

of south

WT : Tilt angle of the surface under consideration

in radians from the horizontal surface; zero

for the horizontal surface and n/2 for the

vertical walls

18a
COS(Z), COS(W), AND COS(S):

Direction cosines of direct radiation (Calculated

in SUN)

IDN: Intensity of the direct normal solar radiation for

a cloudless condition in Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (Calculated in SUN)

BS and EG; Diffuse radiation from the cloudless sky and that

from ground in Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (Calculated in

SUN)

SALT: Solar altitude angle in radians (Calculated in SUN)

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Let X = SIN (SALT)

2. Y = 0.309 - 0.137vvX + 0.394-vX^vvc2

3. K = X/(C+X) + (P-l)/(l-Y)

4. Direct radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudless sky

IDH = IDN'VCOS(Z)

5. Diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudless sky

IdH = BS

6. Total radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudless sky

ITH = IDH + IdH

7. Direct radiation on a horizontal surface under a cloudy

sky

IDHC = ITH>vK-v(l - CC/10)

19a
8. Direction cosines of normal to the surface under consideration (the surface has an azimuth angle of WA and a tilt

angle of WT)

a = COS(WT)

P = SIN(WA)*SIN(WT)

Y

= COS(WA>vSIN(WT)

9. Cosine of the incident radiation on the surface under consideration

COS(Tl) = cy COS(Z) + 3 COS (W) + Y COS(S)

10. Direct radiation on a surface under consideration under a

cloudless skyID = IDNvrCOSC-q)

= 0 if COS(T]) ^ 0

11. Direct radiation on a surface under a cloudy sky

IDC = lEhvIDHC/lDH

12 . Diffuse radiation for a cloudless sky

Id = BS for the horizontal surface

Id = BS^^Y + BG/2 for the vertical surfaces*

where Y = 0.55 + 0.437*U + 0.313*0**2

U = C0S(T])

if U ^ -0.2 , Y = 0.45

13. Diffuse radiation upon a horizontal surface under a cloudy

sky

IdHC = ITm-(CCF-K*(l - CC/10))

Diffuse radiation data for surfaces other than vertical and horizontal

ones have not been analyzed sufficiently to date to provide a calculation procedure.

20a
Diffuse radiation on a surface under consideration

IdC = Id*IdHC/ldH

Total radiation upon a surface under a cloudy sky

ITC = IDC + IdC

When the cloud cover CC is zero,

ITC = IT = ID + Id

21a
TAR

An Algorithm for Calculating Transmission, Absorption and

Reflection Factors for Windows

Data ;

Cos(Tl): Cosine of angle of incidence of direct solar

radiation (Calculated in SUN)

k^i,: Extinction coefficient [inches ''"j * thickness

[inches]

NOTE : In some cases, glass manufacturers provide

the value of transmission at normal incidence. In this case, using the curve given

in Figure A-5 , it is possible to obtain the

value of k*j&. The data for the curve are taken from reference 2

.

Calculation Sequence ;

A. Single-Pane Glass

1. Cosine of refraction angle

COS (5) = SQRT (1 - (l-COS(iq) 2)/n)

where n = 1,520, which is the index of refraction for ordinary

glass

2. The fraction of radiation that is absorbed in a single pass

through a sheet of glass of extinction coefficient k*i,

a = 1 - Exp (-k^'i/C0S(5))

22a
3. Single glass air-glass interface reflectivity by the Fresnel's

formula

vibration in parallel to the plane of glass

r = (TAN (Tl - ?)) 2/TAN (T) +

vibration in normal to the plane of glass

r' = (SIN (Tl - ?;)) ** 2/ (SIN (T] + 2

4. Absorptivity for direct radiation

A = 0.5 * (x + x')

where x = a * (1 - r) * (1 + r * (1 - a))/(l - r >v r * (1 - a) * (1

x' = a * (1 - r') (1 + r' * (1 - a))/(l - r' * r' * (1 - a) *

(1 - a))

- a))

5. Transmissivity for direct radiation

= 0.5 * (y + y')

where y = (1 - r) * (1 - r) * (1 - a)/(l - r * r * (1 - a) * (1 - a))

y' = (1 - r') * (1 - r') * (1 - a)/(l - r' >v r' * (1 - a) *

(1 - a))

6. Absorptivity and transmissivity for diffuse radiation

tt/2

^d =

^d

=

0

A^ SIN (2T1) dT]

tt/2

T^ SIN (2T1) dT]

I 23a
Double -Pane Glass

For the double-pane window, transmissivity and absorptivity

for the outer and inner panes can be calculated separately first

by using the single-pane procedure described above. Those calculated single glass properties can be designated here as follows:

A,

Id

2d

Id

2d

Absorptivity of inner pane for direct radiation

Absorptivity of outer pane for direct radiation

Transmissivity of inner pane for direct radiation

Transmissivity of outer pane for direct radiation

Absorptivity of inner pane for diffuse radiation

Absorptivity of outer pane for diffuse radiation

Transmissivity of inner pane for diffuse radiation

Transmissivity of outer pane for diffuse radiation

1. Reflectivity of inner and outer panes

^2^ = 1 - ^2^

^Id ^

" -^Id " ^Id

^d ^ " ^2d " ^2d

2. Absorptivity of the double-glazed system

a. Direct radiation

K . = * (1 + * T^^/(l - R,-, * R-^))

T], outer 2T1 iTj 2ti IT] 2t\

24a
b. Diffuse radiation

A

d jOuter ^d* (1 ^^Id" - ^Id* ^d>)

A, . = , * T„ ,/(l - R

d, inner Id 2d Id

3. Transmissivity of the double

a. Direct radiation

iTj 2T1 R

b. Diffuse radiation

^^ = '^ld*^2d/(^ ^Id ^ ^d^

Since the calculation of transmissivity and absorptivity are

3/ quite involved, they have been precalculated by Stephenson— for

various values of COS (T)) and expressed as polynomial functions of

COS (t]). The poljmomial coefficients are shown in Table A-3 for

single and double glazed windows and the equations are as follows:

Single-pane, direct radiation transmission

5

T = S t * (Cos (Tl) ** j)

Single-pane, diffuse radiation transmission

25a
Polynomial representations of absorption factors for direct solar

and diffuse radiation.

Double-pane, direct radiation transmission

5

^ = Z a. ^ * ((Cos (Tl) j)

T], outer j, outer ^'

. _ ^ a. . * ((Cos (T]) ** j)

Tj, inner = 2 j, inner ' j=0

Double-pane, diffuse radiation transmission

5

A, , =2*S a. ,/(j+2) d, outer j, outer

A, . = 2 -k T, a.. /(j+2) d, inner j, inner

26a
33N3ai3Nl IVIAIdON IV NOISSIlMSNVdl

27a
Table A-7 Polynomial Coefficients for Use in Calculation of

Transmittance and Absorptance of Glass

Single Glazing Double ijlazinf^

j a . J t

^,1 , outer

a . .

,] , inner

t

0 0.0115^ -0. 00005 0. 01407 0 . 00220

1 0.77674 2.71235 1. Oo22d

0.05 2 -3.9^657 -0. 62062 -5. 59131 -X . X99UO

3 0. 57ool -7.07329 12 . 15034 2 . 2c: 300

1/8" Sheet k -8 ^8135 -11.78092 -2.05287 19.6882U

5 3.01188 -3.89922 u. 20070 0.72376 -6.7)4585

0 0. 01636 -0. 01114 U . UIOX9 U . UUXc: 3 p pp] 1 1 1.40703 2. 39371 i . ODcr / 1 U , 1 00 \J ,J 1 0x0

2 -b. 79030 0. 429 f

0

-9. 240 3-1- ( . M-c:UDp 0.10 3 14. 37370 -0 . 9o2o2 19 . 4944 3 X. 5OX /'X OP oAAJiA

14 -13.83357 11.51798 -18.5609)4 _1.1|00)40 19.79706

5 ^4.92^39 -i4-.5206U 6.539^0 OM3I6 -6.79619

0 0. Olo J f -U • \jLd\j\j u . <Jxy<J5 u • UUUD ( p ppJioA

0.15 1 1.92497 . 1 U • dOKJl. ( U. 45 /'9 (^ 2 -0 . 09134 1 n oft 0 0 1.13033 -XX. f4c:2D .4X3D/'

1/4- Reg. 3 lo . 40197 -10.07925 24 . 1403

/

X . 14950 -X9 . 92U(J4

Plate k -17.ii86U8 12.UI+161 -22.6U299 -0.97138 19.)40969

5 6.175^^ -U. 83285 7.8995U 0. 32705 -6.66603

0 0. oiyo2 r\ rs^ on Q -U. OlcflO U. OlOD^ U. 0U(Jj5^ P PpliPT

1 2. 35^17 1.90950 2 . 96400 0 0 O/^f^ 1 1 0. 229 (4 p oAApA 0 . 3bb90

2 -10. 47151 1.61391 -I3 . 40701 -0. 5030X 1 .df 324

0.20 3 21. 24322 -10. d4o72 27.13020 0. o4b2b IP OP 0^) 1 -X9. 293b4

.19.95978 12.83698 -25.11877 -0.67666 18.75^08

5 6.9996U -u. 95199 8.68895 0.22102 -6. U 3968

0 0. 01712 -0. 01056 /O OT 1 1 /~i O 0. 01423 -0 . 00009 P PPO'VP -U. UU2 ly 1 3. 508 39 1

.

2^711 4.14304 0 T cr 1 0 0.15049 P T ^A

2 -13.06390 2 . 28615 -lb. DD /^09 A o^c;pp -U. 2 (59'-' b.X rXt) O.ho 3 2d. 34330 -10. 37132 31 . 30404 U . 25bXO -XpIt; All At 1

. OM-OXX 4 -23.8U8U6 11.9588I+ -27.81955 -0.12919 15.28302

5 8.17372 -U.5U880 9.36959 0.02859 -5.23666

0 0. OlM-Ob -0. 00035 r\ r\'\ r\cC^

CJ, UlU^o -0P PPPT . (JUUXb p PPT no -U . UUX92

1

1 1 T cm cr Q 4.15950 U . 92 /DO u. XU5 (9 pU . pAt UOXOUAn

2 -Ly . O0279 2.15721 -1 . 33454 -0. X5035 4.94 D3

0.60 3 27. 10492 -0 . 71^+29 30. 91 (Ol U . UD40 ( TO )i 0) 1 At -X2 . 4 j4oX

4 88S18 Q 871S2 -26 63898 0 02759 11.92)495

5 8.03650 -3.73328 8.79^95 -0.02317 -)4. 07787

0 0.01153 -0. 00646 0 . OO0I9 -0. 00015 -0. OOljD

o.8o 1 ^. 559^6 0. DC525d 5 . 01700 0.07717 u. 044iy

2 -15 . 43294 1.02449 T ""7 on ooQ -17.21220 -0. 09059 3.07529

50fo Trans. 3 26. 70560 -6.95325 29. 4b 300 0. 00050 -9.590b9

H.A. Plate -22.87993 7.806^7 -2)4.76915 0.06711 9.16022

5 7.57795 -2.9Uii5i+ 8.050)40 -0.0339^ -3.12776

0 0.00962 -O.OOU96 0.00670 -0.00012 -0.00098

1 i|. 81911 0.51^03 5.18781 0.057)46 0.02576

2 -15.^17137 I.U7607 -16.8)4820 -0.05878 3 . 00)400

1.00 3 25.86516 -5.^1985 27.90292 -0.01855 -7.3383^

k -21.69106 6.055^6 -22.99619 0.06837 6.987^7

5 7.0871*+ -2.28162 7.381)40 -0.03191 -2.38328

2 8a
SHG

An Algorithm for Calculating Solar Heat Gain Through Windows

Data ;

IDN: Intensity of direct normal solar radiation,

Btu per (hr) (sq ft), (Calculated in SUN)

BS: Sky brightness, Btu per (hr) (sq ft), (Calculated in SUN)

BG: Groun.^ brightness, Btu per (hr) (sq ft),

(Calculated in SUN)

Cos(Tl): Cosine of the angle of incidence of direct

solar radiation, (Calculated in SUN)

FWS: Form factor between the window and the

sky*

FWG: Form factor between the window and the

ground*

RO, RA, RI: Thermal resistances at outside surface,

air space, and inside surface respectively,

(sq ft) (hr) (F) per Btu

SLA: Sunlit area factor (Calculated in SHADOW)

SC: Shading coefficient if the window is shaded

by drapes or blinds or if it has an interpane separation of more than 1 inch

If more accurate data are not available, use FWS = FWG = 0.5

2 9a
NOTE: When the value of SC is given, these

transmission and absorption factors

should be for the standard 1/8" thick

double strength glass (or k*/ = 0.05

of TAR) regardless of the type of

glass used.

T , T.: Transmission factors for direct and diffuse

Tj d

solar radiation for windows (Calculated in

TAR)

A A A A :

; Tl>,outer' Tl» inner' d, outer' d, inner'

Absorption factors for direct and diffuse

solar radiation through outer and inner

window panes (Calculated in TAR), respect ive ly

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Inward flowing fraction of the radiation absorbed by the

inner and the outer pane, respectively

NI = (RO + RA)/(RO + RA + RI)

NO = RO/(RO + RA + RI)

2. Let

r D = SLA*IDN*Cos(Tl)*(T^ + NO^vA^ ^ + NI-'-A^ , )

' n Tl»outer T], inner

d = (BS'-^FWS + BGVfFWG)*(Tj + NO^A^ ^ + NI*Aj . ) d d, outer d, inner

3. Solar heat gain through window

If SC = 0, SHG = D + d

If SC ^ 0, SHG = (SC)*(D + d)^.^^^Q^Q^

30a
SHADOW

A Brief Description of the Procedures for Calculating External

Shadows on a Building

A major portion of the air conditioning load on modern commercial

buildings comes from solar radiation. To improve the accuracy of load

assessment, it is necessary to know how much of a building is shaded and

how much lies exposed to the sun's rays.

4/ A new technique developed by Groth and Lokmanhekim— employs the

representation of all architectural forms as a series of plane polygons.

Even curved surfaces can be so represented. For example, a sphere may

be approximated by the 2 0 sides of a regular icosohedron. This approximation gives a maximum error of only 3% in the shadow area cast by the

sphere.

The output of the algorithm is not only the sunlit area, but also

a pictorial display of the shadows and the surface upon which they are

cast

.

Coordinate Transformation:

Designate the polygons which cast shadows as shading polygons (SP)

and those upon which shadows are cast as receiving polygons (RP). The

vertex coordinates of each RP, and its relevant SP ' s , are transformed

from a base coordinate system, xyz , to a new coordinate system, x'y'z',

with origin 0 attached to the plane of the RP. The first three vertices,

31a
V^, V^t and V^, of the RP being examined are used to define this new coordinate system. The x' axis passes through V2 and V^, while the y' axis

passes through V^. In order that the z' axis point outward from the surface, angle ^]i^2^3 convex and the vertices must be numbered counterclockwise. The equation of transformation is written in matrix form

as

x' = A (x-Xq)

where

—i —> —* —

Xq = X2 + y(.x^-x.2)

Y, A Scaler = (x-^-k^) • (K^-x^^/ix^-x^) ° (x^'x^)

1st row of A = (x^-Xq)/ I x-j'Xq \

2nd row of A = (Xj^-Xq)/ | Xj^-Xq |

• -» -» _» 3rd row of A = 1st row of A x 2nd row of A

Solar altitude, o-, and azimuth, p, must also be transformed, into

the solar direction vector, as

, /Sing • CosQ?

X Sincy

J Cosg • Cosa

Clipping Transformation:

Any part of an SP whose z' is negative cannot cast a shadow on the

RP. These "submerged" portions of the SP's must be clipped off, prior

to projection, lest they project "false" shadows (see Figure A-6). This

32 a
is done by finding, through linear interpolation, the points A and B,

on the perimeter of the SP, which pierce the plane of the RP, and taking

these points as new vertices. All submerged vertices are deleted. This

results in a new polygon with line AB as a side, which will project only

real shadows.

Figure A-6 Clipping

Projection Transformation:

To simulate the actual casting of a shadow, the following transformation projects, along the sun's rays, all the vertex points of the transformed and clipped RP's.

x'

33a
Enclosure Test:

The coordinate, clipping and projection transformation have converted

all RP and SP ' s in space into two dimensional figures in the RP plane.

It remains only to find the points in the RP plane which lie inside the

RP and inside one or more of the SP projections, i.e., points of the RP

which are shaded. At this point, the two-space XY is divided into a grid

and the center of each element of this grid is tested for enclosure by

the RP and the SP projections. A point, P, whose coordinates are XpY^,

is inside of polygon ' " following inequality holds.

nS AG. ?^ 0

i=l

^

The angular change, A9^, subtended at P by the ith side, and counted

positive counterclockwise, is given by the following formulae.

e. - e.

J 1 if e. - 9.

' J 1

< 2

AS. =

1

if e. - 0.

' J 1

> 2

j =

i + 1 if i < n

1 if i = n

34a
in 1st

quadrant

1 +

Xp-X.+Y.-Yp

in 2nd

quadrant

e.1

2 +

in 3rd

quadrant 3 +

X X

i" P in 4th

quadrant

These approximate formulae, which express A0^ in right angles, replace the time-consuming square root and are cosine computer library routines. They have, by set theory, been proved adequate for the purpose.

Display Matrix and Sample Problem:

An alphameric matrix is created corresponding to the grid elements

in the RP plane. A blank component represents a grid element either outside the RP or exposed to the sun. An asterisk component represents a

shaded grid element or one on the RP's boundary. Grid elements shaded

by a transmissive structure are randomly asterisked with a probability

equal to the fraction of incident light stopped by the shading structure.

Figure A-7 shows the solution of a typical problem involving a transmissive structure.

35a
Figure A- 7 The Computer Output of a Typical Problem

36a
SHADOW 1*

An Algorithm to Find the Ratio of the Sunlit and Shaded Area

of a Given Window Where the Shadows are Cast by Various

Combinations of Overhang and Side Fins

Data ; (Variable names corresponding to the FORTRAN listing

included in this section. Right and left is determined

facing the window from outside - see Figure A-8).

HT: Window height

FL: Window width

FP : Depth of the overhang

AW: Distance from top of the window to the overhang

BWL: Distance of the overhang extended beyond the left edge

of the window

BWR: Distance of the overhang extended beyond the right edge

of the window

D: Depth of vertical projection at the end of the overhang

FPl: Depth of the left fin

Al: Distance of the left fin extended above the top of the

window

Bl: Distance from the left edge of the window to the left

fin

CI: Distance of the left fin stop short above the bottom

of the window

FP2 : Depth of the right fin

This section was contributed by Tseng-Yao Sun; Ayres and Hayakawa,

Los Angeles, California.

37a
B2

Figure A-8 Shadow 1 Input Data

38a
A2 ; Distance of the right fin extended above the top of

the window

B2 : Distance from the right edge of the window to the

right fin

C2 : Distance of the right fin stop short above the bottom

of the window

PHI: Solar azimuth angle

WAZI: Window azimuth angle

COSZ : Cosine of solar zenith angle

Calculation Sequence ;

The principle calculation sequence of this subroutine is described

in reference 5 and the principle output of the subroutine is the variable

SHRA.T —the shade ratio or ratio of sunlit area to the total window area.

The treatment of shadow overlapping cast by various shading devices is

not discussed in the reference but is included in the FORTRAN listing.

39a
SUBROUT I NE SHADOW ( 5HDX PH I COSZ SHR AT

)

DIMENSION SHDX(20)

FL=SHDX(1)

HT=SHDX (2)

FP=SHDX (3)

AW=SHDX(4)

BWL=5HDX (5)

BWR=SHDX (6)

D=SHDX (7)

FP1=SHDX (8)

A1=SHDX(9)

B1=SHDX (10)

C1=SHDX (11)

FP?=SHDX(12)

A2=SHDX(13)

B2=SH0X(14)

C2=SHDX (15)

WAZI=SHDX(16)

% THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES SHADOW CAST BY OVERHANG AND SIDE FINS

% PHI,,.. SOLAR AZIMUTH ANGLE

% COSZ... COSINE OF SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE

% SHRAT. .SHADE RATIOtRATIO OF THE SUNLIT AREA TO THE TOTAL WINDOW AREA

% HT WINDOW HEIGHT

% FL WINDOW WIDTH

% FP DEPTH OF THE OVERHUNG

% AW DISTANCE FROM TOP OF THE WINDOW TO THE OVERHUNG

% BWL..., DISTANCE OF THE OVERHUNG EXTENDED BEYOND THE LEFT EDGE OF THE WINDOW

% BWR.... DISTANCE OF THE OVERHUNG EXTENDED BEYOND THE RIGHT EDGE OF THE WINDOW

% 0 DEPTH OF VERTICAL PROJECTION AT THE END OF THE OVERHUNG

% FPl... .DEPTH OF THE LEFT FIN

% Al DISTANCE OF THE LEFT FIN EXTENDED ABOVE THE TOP OF THE WINDOW

% Bl DISTANCE FROM THE LEFT EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE LEFT FIN

% CI DISTANCE OF THE LEFT FIN STOP SHORT ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF THE WINDOW

% FP2...,DEPTH OF THE RIGHT FIN

% A2 DISTANCE OF THE RIGHT FIN EXTENDED ABOVE THE TOP OF THE WINDOW

% B2 DISTANCE FROM THE RIGHT EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE RIGHT FIN

% C2 DISTANCE OF THE RIGHT FIN STOP SHORT ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF THE WINDOW

% WAZI, . .WINDOW AZIMUTH ANGLE

SHRAT=1.

1103 A=AW

H=HT

GAMMA=PHI-WAZI

COSG=COS (GAMMA)

IF(COSG) 100»100»104

100 SHRAT=0.

GO TO 2000

10<:f CONTINUE

SBETA=COSZ

IF(SBETA) 100»100»152

152 SING=SIN(GAMMA)

VERT=SBETA/SQPT ( 1 .-SBETA»SBETA) /COSG

H0RIZ=ARS(5ING) /COSG

TCETA=VERT/HORIZ

40a
%

154

%

IF(GAMMA) 155

SUN ON

B=BWL

GO TO 156

SUN ON

154»154

LEFT

RIGHT

155 B=BWR

156 ARSHF=0.

AREAV=0.

ARSIF=0.

AREAO=0.

AREA1=0.

ARSH1=0.

FL3=0.

H3=0.

H1=H

FL1=FL

K=l

L=l

T1=FP«VERT

FM1=FP»H0RIZ

IF(FP) 37f 37*153

153 T=T1

FM=FM1

AB=B»TCETA

UG=(FL*B)»TCETA

DE=(H*A)/TCETA

% HORIZONTAL OVERHUNG "AREAO"

IF(T-A) 27»27»2

2 IF(AB-A) 14,14,3

3 IF{OE-B) 12»12»4

4 IF(FM-B) 11,11»5

5 IF{0E-(FL*8) )8,8,6

6 IF(FM-{FL*B) )9,7,7

% HORIZ 9

7 AREAO=FL»(0.5»(AB*UG)-A)

GO TO 37

8 IF(T-(H*A) )9»10»10

% HORIZ 7 9 AREAO=(T-A)*FL-( (FM-B)»»2)»TCETA»0,5

L = 2

GO TO 21

% HORIZ 8

10 AREAO=H»FL- (DE-B) »»2»TCETA»0.5

GO TO 37

% HORIZ 3

11 AREAO=FL»(T-A)

L=2

GO TO 24

12 IF(T-(H*A)) 11. 13*13

* HORIZ 2

13 AREAO=H»FL

GO TO 68

14 IF(UG-A)27.27.15

15 IF(OE-(FL*B) ) 18»18»16

41a
16 IF(FM-(FL*B) )20tl7»17

% HORIZ 6

17 AREAO={UG-A)»»2/TCETA»0.5

GO TO 37

18 IF(T-(H*A) )20»19»19

% —HORIZ 5

19 AREAO=H* (FL-<A*0.5»H)/TCETA*B)

GO TO 37

% .-HORIZ ^ 20 AREAO=(T"'A)«(FL*B-FM»(1.*A/T)»0.5)

L = 2

% ^. —VERT PROJ "AREAV"

21 FL3=FL*B-FM

IF(T*0'»<H*A) )22,22»23

% VERT 8

22 H3=0

GO TO 3700

% VERT 9

23 H3=H*A-T

GO TO 3700

24 FL3=FL

IF(T*D-(H*A) )26,26»25

% VERT 7

25 H3=H*A-T

AREAV=H3»FL3

GO TO 68

% -"VERT 6

26 H3-D

GO TO 3700

27 IF(T*0-A) 37»37»28

28 IF(FM»B)34*34»29

29 IF (FM-(FL*B> ) 31»37»37

31 FL3=FL*B-FM

IF(T*D-(H«A) >33,33»32

% VERT 5

32 H3=H

GO TO 3700

% VERT 4

33 H3=T*D-A

GO TO 3700

34 IF(T*0- {H*A) )36.35»35

% —VERT 2

35 AREAV=H*FL

GO TO 68

% VERT 3

36 H3=T*D-A

FL3=FL

3700 AREAV=FL3»H3

56 SIOE FIN AND SHORT SIDE FIN

* SIDE FIN "AREAl" "ARSIF"

37 IF(GAMMA)66»68»74

74 FPF=FP1

AF=A1

BF=B1

42 a
CX=C1

GO TO 84

66 FPF=FP2

AF=A2

BF=B2

CX=C2

84 IF(FPF) 68,68»67

67 T=FPF»VERT

FM=FPF»HORIZ

AF1=AF

IF(AREAO) 73»73»88

% TEST FOR OVERLAP OF FIN AND OVERHUNG SHADOW

88 AT=A* (BF-B)»TCETA

IF(AT-AF)711. 73,73

% OVERLAP EXISTS.. L=2 IF OVERHUNG SHADOW HAS HORIZ EDGE IN WINDOW

711 GO T0(621«712) ^L * TEST FOR TYPE OF OVERLAP

712 IF { (FM-9F)-(FM1-B) ) 621 622*622

% SET L=1»SHA00W INTERSECT ON INCLINED EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW

% FIN SHADOW IS BELOW INCLINED EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW

621 AF=AT

L = l GO TO 73

% L IS 2, HORIZ EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW-PORTION ABOVE HORIZ EDGE

% MOT IN OVERHUNG SHADOW IS FIN SHADOW

622 AREA1=FL»(T1-A)-AREA0

% RESET TO CALC FIN SHADOW BELOW HORIZ EDGE OF OVHNG SHADOW

AF=T1-A*AF1

H=H*AF1-AF

% SHADOW OF FIN (K=l ON GLASS K=2 ON VERT PROJ SHADOW)

73 AB=BF«TCETA

UG=(FL*BF)»TCETA

DE=(H*AF)/TCETA

DJ=CX/TCETA

IF(FM-BF)69,69»38

38 IF(AB-AF) 39,50»50

39 TF(UG-AF)4e»48,40

40 IF(T-AF)47,47»41

41 IF(U6-(H*AF) )44,44,42

42 IF(T-(H*AF) )91,80,80

% FIN 9

80 AREA1=H»( (AF*H»0.5)/TCETA-BF) AREAl

GO TO 58

44 IF(FM-(FL*BF) )91, 89,89

% FINS

89 AREA1=H»FL- (UG-AF) •»2/TCETA»0 .5*AREA1

GO TO 58

% FIM 7 91 AREAl =(FM-BF)«H-(T-AF)»»2/TCETA»0. 5* AREAl

GO TO 63

48 IF(FM-(FL*BF) )47,47*49

% FIN 3

47 AREAl =H^v (FM-BF) AREAl

GO TO 63

43a
% < FIN 2

49 AREAl=H»rL*AREAl

GO TO 58

50 IF(DE-Br)69»69»51

51 IF{UG-(H*AF) )55,55»52

52 IF(T-(H*AF) ) 93»94»94

% —FIN 6

94 AREA1={DE-BF)»«2»TCETA»0.5*AREA1

GO TO 58

% FIN 4

93 AREA1=(FM-BF)»(H*AF-(T*AB)*0.5) AREAl

GO TO 63

55 IF(FM-(FL*BF) )93»99,99

% FIN 5

99 AREA1=FL»(H-(BF*FL»0.5)»TCETA*AF) AREAl

% —SHORT SIDE FIN "ARSH1»»'»ARSHF"

58 IF(DJ-BF)69,69.59

59 IF(OJ-(FL*BF) )61»61.60

% —SHORT 3

60 APSH1=-FL* (CX- (BF*FL/2. ) »TCETA)

GO TO 69

% —. SHORT 4

61 ARSH1=-(CX-AB)*»2/TCETA»0.5

GO TO 69

63 IF (DJ-BF) 69«69,64

64 IF<0J-FM)61»61»65

% SHORT 2

65 ARSH1=-(FM-9F)»(CX-(T*AB)«0.5)

69 GO TO (77*76) »K 76 ARSH1=-ARSH1

AREA1=-AREA1

77 ARSHF=ARSHF*ARSH1

ARSIF=ARSIF*AREA1

GO T0(78f68) *K

78 IF(AREAV)68»68»72

% RESET PARAMETERS TO DEDUCT FIN SHADOW OVERLAP ON VERT PROJ SHADOW

72 K=2

APEA1=0.

ARSH1=0.

BBF=BF

BF=FM1-B*BF

IF(BF) 186,185»185

186 BF=B8F

185 IF{HT*A-Tl-0) 87,87, 188

188 CX=CX-{HT*A-Tl-0)

IF(CX)85»87»87

85 CX=o.

87 AF=T1-A*AF

H=H3

FL=FL3

GO TO 73

% SHADED AREA "ARSHA"

68 ARSHA=AREAO*AREAV*ARSHF*ARSIF

SHRAT=(FL1«H1-APSHA)/(FL1*H1)

44a
FL=FL1

2000 CONTINUE

RETURN

END
SHADOW

An Algorithm to Determine Whether or Not a Given Window is

Shaded by a Remote Object Such as an Adjacent Building

This algorithm is approximate and is applicable only where the window is relatively small in comparison to the shading object. Large windows may be subdivided into smaller segments for this consideration. Th

window is considered either completely shaded or completely in sun. Par

tially shaded window can be considered in either case depending on the

location of the window reference point. Figure A-9 shows a typical window-shading object relationship.

PLAN ELEVATION

Figure A-9 A Typical Window-Shading Object Relationship

Note that the reference point can be located at any point on the window.

Locating the reference point at the top of the window as shown in the

elevation in Figure A-9 is slightly conservative as compared to if the

reference point is located at the center of the window.

Vc This section was contributed by Tseng-Yao Sun; Ayres, Cohen and

Hayakawa, Los Angeles, California.

46a
Data ;

al, aZ' Azimuth shadow limit angles. Right +, Left -

pl, p2 : Altitude shadow limit angles

WAZI: Window azimuth angle

PHI: Solar azimuth angle

BETA: Solar altitude angle

Calculation Sequence ;

This subroutine determines whether the window is sunlit or shaded

fpr the given position of the sun.

1. Wall-solar azimuth angle

GAMMA = PHI - WAZI

2. If GAMMA < c^l or GAMMA > ^2, the window is in sun

3. If q2 > GAMMA > al,

A = GAMMA - al

B = pi + Ay^(32 - pi)

4. If BETA > B, the window is in sun. Otherwise, the window

is in shade.

47a
An Algorithm for Calculating Radiation Shape Factors

Between Inside Surfaces of a Room

Definition of Room

WINDOW

16'

6-8 -

(7)

(5)

2-8

SIDE SIDE

WALL FLOOR WALL

(6) (2)

(4)

OPPOSITE WALL

(3)

8

12"

CEILING

(I)

Figure A- 10 Room Layout

This section was contributed by D. M. Burch and B. A. Peavy; Thermal

Engineering Section, Center for Building Technology, National Bureau

of Standards, Washington, D.C.

48a
Data ;

L: Length of room

W: Width of room

H: Height of room

A: Height of windows or doors

B: Width of windows or doors

C: Distance of left edge of window from left wall

D: Height of lower edge of window from floor

The primary variables determined by this subroutine are:

^m-n* array giving radiation shape factors between the

various inside surfaces of a room

m,n = 1 Ceiling

2 Floor

3 Wall No. 1 (length by height)

4 Wall No. 2 (side wall)

5 Wall No. 3 (opposite wall)

6 Wall No. 4 (side wall)

7-14 Provision for windows and doors in walls

49a
Figure A- 11 Radiation Heat Exchange Between

Ceiling and Floor Surfaces

Radiation shape factor, ^1^2* ^^^^^^^ parallel room surfaces

2TT(b.-a^)(d^-c^)Fj^_2 = (h^-h^)+-P (a^-a^)] [Q (c2-c^)-fQ (d2-d^)-Q (c2-d^)-Q (d2-cpj

+ [P(b2-ap+P(a2-b^)J [Q(c2-dp-Ki(d2-c^)-Q(c2-Cj^)-Q(d2-d^)i

where '

2 i P(Zt^)Q(Z2) = Z^W tan"""" Z^ + Z^V tan""^ Z2 - £_ In (l/"^^l ) 11 2 W W

2 2 2 2 2 ? r = g-+Z^\ = g^+Z2'^

50a
Figure A- 12 Radiation Heat Exchange Between

Wall and Floor Surfaces

Radiation Shape Factor, F^_2 , between two perpendicular room surfaces

2TT(b^-a^)(d^-c^)F^_2=[R(b2-b3^)+R(a2-aj^)][S(c2+cp+S(d2+d^)-S(c2+d^)-S(d2+c^)]

+[R(b2-a^)+R(a2-b^)] [S (c2+d^)+S (d2+c-L)-S (c2+Cj^)-S (d2+d^)]

where

R(Z )S(Y2+Y^) = TZ^ tan"-^ + 1 (Z^-/) In {T+Z^)

T

2 2 2

Ti = Y +Y ^2 ^1

51a
Calculation Sequence ;

1. Determine areas of ceiling, floor, and walls (no windows

or doors),

A,m=l,2,3,4,5,6 m

2, Calculate radiation shape factor F for these surfaces m-n

using equations, and reciprocal relation

A

F = -^F m-n A n-m m

3. Determine area of windows and doors and subtract from pertinent wall areas to give net wall areas

4. Calculate radiation shape factors from windows and/or doors

to ceiling and/or floor using the above shape factor equations and the reciprocal relation. The radiation shape

factors from a ceiling or floor surface to a window, door,

or a wall area is given by

? = F - F - F

m-Uj^ m-n m-n^^ m-n2

where k denotes the surface which is applicable for a receiving surface, A^ that has been subdivided into 2 or

more surfaces.

5. Calculate radiation shape factors from windows and doors

to walls using equations, above defined angle factor algebra and

AFm^ =AF -AF -AF '^''^ TM m-n m^^ m^^-n m2 m2-n

52 a
which is applicable for a transmitting surface A that has

m

been subdivided into 2 or more surfaces.

6. The resulting array must be satisfied by the ident

P

S F = 1 k=l

'"-^

where p is the number of surfaces visible to the transmitting surface A ° m

53a
C THIS PROGRA^'' DETERMINES THE RAOIATJOM SHAPE FACTORS FOR A ROOM

C OF ARBITRARY DI'^ENSIOnS WITH THE PROVISION FOR TwO WiNDOwS OR

C DOORS OF AIMY SIZE AMD POSITION ON EACH OF TmE FOUR wALLS

C INPUT TO THE PROGRAM] IS READ IN FIELDS OF NINE ANJ FIRST CARD IS

C

C LENGTH ^^'IDTH HEIGHT

CC THIS CARD IS FOLLOWED BY FOUR CARDS GIVING PERTINENT DIMENSIOKiS

C FOR WINDOWS AND DOORS - FIRST CARD IS FOR WlNoOWb OR DOORS ON A

C WALL DEFINEH ON THE LENGTH OF ROOM - SECOND CARD ON WIDTH. ETC.

C LEAVE SPACES BLANK IF THERE IS NO WINDOW OR DoOR

CCABCDABCD CABCDABCD

C

C ABCDABCD C WHERE A=hEIGHT OF WINDOW. C=CORNER OF WALL TO LEFT feUGE OF WiNDOw

C B = WIDTH OF WINDOW. n = HETGHT f^ROM FLOOR TO LOwER EDGE OF WINDOW

C OUTPUT CONSISTS OF ASSIGNMENT OF NUMBERS TO ThE uARiOUS SURFACES

C OF THE ROOM

C

C 1 CEILING LENGTH X WIDTH

C 2 FLOOR LENGTH X WIDTH

C 3 WALL NO. I LENGTH X HEIGHT

C 4 WALL NO. 2 WIDTH X HEIGHT

C b WALL NO. 3 LENGTH X HEIGHT

C 6 WALL NO. 4 WIDTH X HEIGHT

C 7-14 WINDOW OR DOOR ON WALL NO.X

C

C This is FOLLOWED BY A PRINTOUT OF AN ARRAY OF RADIATION SHAPE FACTORS

DIMENSION SF(14.14).A(8).d(B).C(B).D(f^),S(lU).X(b)

DIMENSION IFIL(14) .VP^(l4.m)

REAL L READ(5» 1 )L»W.H

READ(5'l)(B(I)»D(I).A(I),C(I).I=lf8)

1 F0RMAT(bF9.2)

5-1 FORMAT (6X.?flH LEGEND FOR ROOM ARRANGEMFNT/t+OHO ASSUME WALL NO. 1 I IS ON THE ROOM LENGTH/yHflM OR N/^H 1.6X»10w CElLiiJG .F6.2.4H BY

2.Fb.2/4H 2.hX.10H FLOOR .F6.2.4H BY .F6.2/'+h 3»6X.10H aALL

3N0.1 .F6,2.'4H BY .F6.2/4H 4.6X.10H WALL NO . 2 . F6 . 2 . i+H BY .Ff).2/'+H

4 5.6X.10H WALL N0.3.F6.2.4H BY .F6.2/4M fS.hX.iUH WALL i\j0.4.F6.2

5.4ti BY .F6.2)

4f.3 FORMAT( I4.6X. IbH DOOR ON W ALL . I 2 , 4F1 1 , 2 ) 3(j2 FORMAT( I4.bX. 15H WINDOW ON W ALL » 1 2 . 4F 1 1 . 2 ) 3n3 F0RV!AT(6X. 17H WINDOWS OR DOORS. 13X.2H A.9X.PH 3>9Kf^H C.9X.2H D)

iO^ FORMATdH /8X.18H A - WINDOW HE I GHT/flX . 1 7H p - WIiMDOW WIDTH/9X.48H

IC - DISTANCE OF LEFT EDGE OF WINDOW TO LEFT WALL/rtX.4bH D - HEIGHT

2 FROM Floor to LO;^ER EDGE OF WINDOW)

WRITE (6' 301) L.W.L, W.L.H.W.H.L»H»W.H

WRITE (6»303)

K = 7 DO 305 1=1.8

IF(D(I) .LT.l.E-8) GO TO 305

J=(I+l)/2

IC=C(I)*100.

IF?IC.EO.0)GO TO 401

WRITE(6.30 2)K. J.D( I ) .D( I ) . A ( I ) . C ( I ) GO TO 402

4nl WRITE(6.403)K.J.D(I).B(I).A(I).C{I)

4fi2 CONTINUE

K=:K + 1

54a
305 CONTINUE

WRITE(6»30'+)

DO 26 I=l»8

B(I)=A(I)+B(I)

26 D(I)=C(I)+D(I)

5( 1 )=«V*L

5(2)=S(1

)

DO lb I=l»8

5(I+ft)=(B(I)-A(I) )*(D{I)-C(I)

)

IA=5( 1+6)

IF( IA.EO.0)S( I+6)=l .OE-OR

It, CONTINUE

DO l"* I = l»5

VARzL

IF(I.EQ.2.0R.I.EQ.t+) VAR = W

1(4 X(I)=VAR

DO 25 I=l»4

IW={I-l)*2+7

25 5(I+2)=X(I)*H

DO 2 1 = 1 » 11+ DO 2 J= 1 » 11+ 5F ( I ( J) = 0 t 0 5F ( 1

1

2

)

:PF ( 0

,

n»Lf0.o»w»n.o»L»c.o » w* h)

SF(1 1 3) :AF ( 0

.

o»L»o.o»w»n. 0.0 »H)

SFCl 1 =AF { 0

.

0»WrO.O »H)

SFdi 5) =5F ( 1

1

3)

SF { 1

1

6) = SF ( 1 ( 4)

SF{2» 1 ) = 5F ( 1 < 2)*5(l)/5(2)

SF(2 < 3) :SF ( 1

1

3)

5F ( 2 < ) =SF ( 1

1

t+) SF(2< 5) =SF (2. 3)

SF(2. 6) =SF(?. H)

SF(3< 1 ) = SF( 1 3)*S(1)/S(3)

SF(3. 2) = 5F (2 3)*S(2)/5(3)

5F(3. 1^) =AF(0, O»H»0.O'L»O. 0 » H» 0,0 »W)

SF(3i 5) =PF(0, o»L»o.n»H»n.o»L» O.OfHr w

)

SF(3. 6) =SF(3

5F(i+ 1) = SF( 1 t|)*5( 1)/5(U)

5F(U. 2) = 5F(2 i+)*S(2)/5(t|)

SFC+i 3) = SF(3 '+)*5(3)/S('l)

SF(i4i 5) = SF(U 3)

5F(U. 6) =PF(0. 0 » w » 0 1 0 » H » n

.

0 » W

»

0.0 L)

SF(5i 1) = 5F( 1 »b)*S{l)/5(5)

SF(5 2) = SF(2 5)*S(2)/5(5)

5F(5 3) = SF(3 5)*S(3)/S('>)

SF(5 rSFCi r5)*S(1)/5{5)

5F(5 '6) = SF(5

5F(6 1

)

= SF( 1 »6)*S(l)/5(fS)

SF(6 -2) =SF(? -6) *5(2) /5(6)

SF(6 '3) rSF(3 p6) *S(3) /S(6)

5F(6 = 5F(U f6)*S,{ii) /Sib)

SF(6 '5) rSF(5 r6)*S(5)/5{5)

DO 250 I = l»'+ IW=( I-l ) *2+7

25O S(I+2)=S(I+2)-5( IW)-S(IW+1

)

DO 3 K=l»4

J=(K-1)*2

DO 5 1=1 fZ

N=I + J

N6=M+6

SF(N6»2)=AF(A(N) »B(M),C(\l)»D(N)»0.0»X(t<)»0.nrX(K + i))

SF (N6» 1 ) rAF ( A ( N) » B (N'J »H-0 (N) , H-C (N)»0.n»X(K)»0.0^X(^ + n)

55a
5F(2»N6)=SF(N6f 2) S(N6) /S(2)

b 5F(1»N6)=SF(N6'1)*S(M6)/S(1)

SF{2'2+K)=SF(2»2+K)-SP(?r J+7)-SF(2» J+8)

SF(1»2+K)=SF(1»2+K)-SF(1» J+7)-SF(l»J+P)

SF(2+K»2)=SF(2^2+K) 5(2)/5(2+K)

3 5F(2+K»1)=SF(1»2+K)*5(1)/S(2+K)

DO a K=lf2

N={K-1)*2

SUMzO.O

DO 6 J=l »2

NJ=N+J

NJ6=NJ+6

SF(NJ6»K+H)=PF(A(NJ) » R ( N J ) » C ( N J ) r 0 ( N J ) » 0 . 0 » X ( K ) » 0 , 0 » H » X ( K+ 1 )

)

5UM=5UM+S(NJ6) *5F(NJ6»K+U)

DO 6 I=l»2

NI=N+I+4

NI6=NI+6

SF(NJ6»NII6)=PF( A(NJ) »B(MJ) » C ( N J ) » D ( N J > » X ( K ) -B ( NI ) » X ( K ) -A ( Nl ) » C ( N T ) l»D(Ml)»X(K + n)

6 5F (NI6»NJ6) =SF (NJ6»NI6) *S(MJ6) /5(NIP,)

DO 7 1-1,2

NI=N+I+t+

NI6=NI+6

7 5F(NI6»K+2)=PF(A(NI) »B(MI)»C(NI)»D(MI)»0.0»Y{K)»G.U»H»X(K+1))

SF(N + 7'K + i|)::SF(N + 7»K + t+)-5F(N + 7»N+ll)-SF(N + 7,N + 12)

SFCN + B'K + D^SFCN+ S'K + '+j-SFC^^J+Sf Nl + 11 )-'^F(N + 8»N + 12)

SF(N+11 »K + 2)=5F'(N + 11 »K+2)-SF(N + ll»N + 7)-SF(N+H .N + 8)

5F(N + 12»Kf2)=SF(N + 12.K + 2)-5F(!M-H?»N + 7)-5F{N4l2,N + 8)

SF(K + U»N + 7)=SF(N + 7rK + f+) *S(N + 7) /S(K + (+) 5F (K4-i+»N + a)=SF(N+8»K+U) *5(N + 8) /S(K + t^) SF(K + 2»N-t-ll )=5F(N+11 rK + 2) *5(N+11 )/S(K + ?)

5F(K + 2»N+12)=SF(N + 1?»K<-?) *S(N + 12)/S(K + ?)

5F(K+2»K+H) = (X(K)*H*SF(K+2»K + i+)-5UM)/S(K + 2)

5F(K + 2»K + i+)=SF(K4-2»K+n)-SF(K + 2»N+ll)-SF(K + 2,N+12)

8 SF(K + (+»K + 2)=SF(K + 2»K + t|)*S(K + 2)/S(K + 4)

DO 9 K = l»i+ IT=K+-3

IF{K.EQ.U) IT=3

IW=(K-1)*2

SUM=0.0

DO 10 IzlfZ

IK=IW+I

IK6=lK+6

SF( IK6» IT)=AF(C ( IK ) »n(IK)»X{K)-B(TK)»X(K)-A(U)»O.U»HfO.O»X(K+i))

5UM=SUW+S( IK6) *5F( iKhf IT)

DO 10 J=l»2

I vi=J+IW + 2 IF(K,EQ.'+) I^^J

IM6=lM+6

SF(IK6»IM6)=AF(C(IK)»D(IK)fX(K)-B(IK)»X(K)-A(lK)fC(IM)rD{IM)»A(Ivl)

1 rB( IM)

)

10 SF(IM6' IK6)=5P( IK6' IM6) *S( IK6)/S( iMf,)

DO 11 I=l»2

IL=IW+2+I

IF(K.EQ.'+) IL=I

IL6=IL+6

11 5F(IL6»K+2)=AF(C(IL) »D{IL) »A(IL) rn(IL) »n.O»HHi.O»X(K)

)

IW7=IW+7

IAC=IW7+2

IWL=K+3

IF(K.nE,'+)GO TO 12

IWL:3

I AC:7

56a
15 IK=K+2

5F ( IW7. IWL) =SF ( I<V7r IWL ) Sf (IW7» I AC ) -SF ( T W7r t AC + 1)

5F( 1W7 + 1 f IWL ) =SF { IW7 + 1 » IWL) -SF( IW7 + 1 » I AC ) -SF ( IW7 + 1 » i AC + 1

)

SFdAC IK)=SF( IAC» IK)-SF( I AC » I W7 ) -5»^ H AC » I IM7+1 ) SF( lAC + 1 » IK)=SF( IAC + 1. I K ) -5P ( I AC + 1 » I W7 ) -SF ( I AC + 1 . I w 7 + 1

)

SF ( I WL» IW7) =SF ( IW7» IWL) *S( IW7) /5 ( IWL)

SF ( IwL' 1W7+1 ) =SF ( Iw7+1 » IWL) *S( IW7+1 ) /S( IWL)

SF(IK, IAC)=SF( IAC» IK)*S( IAC)/S(IK)

SF(IK, IAC+1)=SF(IAC+1 . IK) *S(IAC+1)/S( IK)

KAC=IK+1

IF(K.EQ.'4)KAC = 3

SF(IK,KAC) = (X(K) *H*SF( IKrKAC)-SUVi)/S(lK)

SF(IK,KAC)=SF( IK»KAC)-SF(IK, IAC)-SF( IK» IAC+1

)

9 - SF(KAC» IK)=SF( IK.KAC)*S( IK)/S(KAC)

NP=0

DO 52 I=l»14

IB=SF( Wl)*1000.

IF(I.EQ.l) IB=1

if{ib.eo.o)c-0 to 52

np=np+i

IFIL(MP)=I

52 CONTINUE

DO 16 I=1»NP

DO 16 J=lfNP

NI^IFILd)

NJ=IFIL( J)

Ife VF(I» J)=SF(NI»NJ)

WRITE(6»3n7)

307 FORViATClH /UX^UIH APRAY FOR SHAPE FACTORS FpOM SurJFACE M TO N/IH ) WRITE{6r 17) (I » 1 = 1 »NO)

l7 F0RMAT(4H vi/N » 1 5 » 1 3 1 7 ) DO 18 I=1»NP

1ft WRITF(6» 19) ( I » ( VF( I , J) » J=l »NP)

)

Ig F0RVAT(lX»I2»lX»li+F7.5)

STOP

END

FUNCTION PF(Al.BlfCl»Dl»A2»B2»C2»D2»G)

C THIS FUNCTION SUBPROGRAM CALCULATES THE SHAPE FACTOR FROM A C PLANE RECTANGULAR SURFACE TO ANOTHER PARALLEL PLANE

C RECTANGULAR SURFACE.

S=(B1-Al ) * (Dl-Cl

)

IP=S*10.

IF( IP.NE.0)GO TO 1 PF=0.0

RETURN

1 F=F1 (31 »D1 »B2»D2.G)-F1 (R1»D1 B2.C2fG)

1- Fl(Bl»DlfA2.D2»G)+Fl(Bl»Dl'A2»C2rG)

2- Fl (Bl»Cl»B2»D2rG)+Fl(Bl»Cl»B2rC2»G)

3+Fl (Bl »C1 f A2»D2»G) -Fl (Bl »C1 A2»C2f G)

1-Fl ( A1»D1 »B2»D2»G)+F1 ( A1»D1 »B2.C2»G)

5+Fl ( A1»D1 r A2»D2»G)-F1 (Al »D1» A2»C2»G)

6+Fl{Al»Cl»B2»D2»G)-Fl(Al»Cl»B2»C2»G)

7-Fl{Al»Cl»A2»D2»G)+Fl( A1.C1» A2»C2»G)

PF = F/ { 3. lt+15927*S)

RETURN

END

5 7a
FUNCTION FKXl' Yl ,X2« Y2.G)

U=X2-X1

V=Y2-Y1

UU=SQRT(G*e + U*lJ)

VV=SQRT(G*G+V*V)

WW=(G*G + U*U + \/*V) / (G*G + V*V)

FI=U*VV*ATAN(U/\/V) +V*UU*ATAN( V/UU)-G*G*L0G(WW)/2.

Fl=Fl/2.

RETURN

END

FUNCTION AF(Al»Bl»Cl.DlpA2rB2»C2»D2)

C THIS FUNCTION SUBPROGRAVI CALCULATES THE SHAPE FACTOR FROM A

C PLANE RECTANGULAR SURFACE OF A ROOM TO ANOTHER PERPliNDICULAR

C PLANE RECTANGULAR SURFACE.

S=(B1-A1)*(D1-C1)

IP=S*10.

IF(IP.NE.O) GO TO 1 AF=0.0

RETURN

1 F=F2(A1»C1»A2»C2)+F2(B1.DUB2»D2)

1-F2( A1»D1 »B2»D2)-F2(B1.DI»R2»C2)

2+F2( A1»D1 »B2»C2)-F2(Blf Dl» A2»D2)

3 + F2(Al»Dl» A2»D2)-»-F2(Bl»Dl »A2»C2)

'+-F2{A1»01»A2»C2)-F2(81»C1»B2»D2)

5+F2( A1»C1 »B2»D2) +F2 (Bl »C1 »82»C2)

6- F2( AlfCl»B2»C2)+F2(31»Cl»A2»D2)

7- F2( A1»C1 rA2»D2)-F2(Bl »Clf A2f C2)

AF = F/(3.1'*15927*S)

RETURN

END

FUNCTION F2(Xlf Y1»X2.Y2)

U=X2-X1

V = Yl**2-»-Y2**2

IF(AB5(U**2+V) .LE.l.OE-7) GO TO 1 GO TO 2

1 F2=0.0

GO TO 3

2 IF(V. LE.l.OE-7) GO TO

GO TO 5

4 F2=.5*U**2*L0G(U**2)

GO TO 3

5 F2=.5*(U**2-V) *L0G(U**2+V) +2*U*SQRT( V) *ATAN(U/SQRT ( V)

)

3 F2=F2/'+.

RETURN

END

58a
LEGEND FOR RjOM ARRANGEMENT

ASSUME WALL NO. 1 jS oN THE ROOM LENGTH

M OR N

1 CEILING 16.00 RY 12.00

2 FLOOR 16.00 BY 12.00

3 WALL NO.i 16.00 BY 8.00

H WALL NO.? 12.00 BY 8.00

5 WALL NO. 5 15.00 BY 8.00

6 WALL NO. 4 1?.00 BY 8.00

WINDOWS OR DoORS A B c 0

, 7 WINDOW Om wall 2 U.OO 2.67 6.67 ?.67

8 WINDOW Om wall 3 4.00 2.67 6.67 2.b7

A - WINDOW HEIGHT

B - WINDOW WIDTH

C - DISTANCE OF LEFT EpGE OF WINqOw TO LEFT WALL

D - HEIGHT FROM FLOOR TO LOWER EDGE OF WINDOW

ARRAY FOR SHAPe FACTORS FROM SURFACE M TO N M/N 1 2 3 1 5 6 7 8

1 ,00000 .36105 .18326 .11766 .16501 .13172 .01706 .0182?

2 .36105 .00000 . 18326 .12078 .16821 .13172 .01391 .01501

3 .27U88 .27188 .00000 .12759 .15887 .13715 .00956 .01706

.26173 .27176 ,19139 ,00000 .16715 .09161 .00000 .01033

b .27006 .27531 .17332 .12157 .onooo .11066 .01909 .00000

6 .269'+'4 .26911 ,18286 .08112 .17192 .00000 .01127 .01095

7 .30709 .25086 ,11168 .00000 .21001 .10111 .00000 .01592

8 .32793 .27026 .20471 .08261 .onooo .09«53 ,01592 .onooo

59a
FIJ 1*

An Algorithm for Calculating Radiation Shape Factors Between

Attic Surfaces Where the Attic Has a Gabled Room

Data

Figure A- 13 Definitions of Attic Enclosure

L = Length of attic floor

W = Width of attic

This section was contributed by B. A. Peavy and D. M. Burch, Thermal

Engineering Systems Section, Center for Building Technology, National

Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. 2 0234.

60a
The primary variables determined by this subroutine are:

^m-n

~ array giving radiation shape factors between

the various inside surfaces of an attic with a

gabled roof

m, n = 1 attic floor (1)

2 roof area (2)

3 roof area (3)

4 front gable (4)

5 rear gable (5)

Figure A- 14 Radiation Heat Exchange Between Two

Adjacent Surfaces

^ b' ^ b'

^ + ^ - 2XY cos 4)

61a
sin 2(j) f^^, ... _A 1 (iL • ^' '-2 "2

TT Y F^_2 = - |XY sine}. + (^^ -

(}, j (X + Y )

Y siivt X sin<f> /

+ ^^\{-^ - 1) In

sin2<f)

CI + x") q +

1 + Z2

+ y2 m ri!^!^

(1 + Y^

+ Y tan"-^

(I) + X tan"-^ (|) - Z tan""^ (|

+ ^ 2 ^ X V 1 + X^ si.n^(t> i tan

Y (1 + X^ sin^cj) )T| .1 + X^ - XY cos(})jJ

2 . 2, A r / 1 a. 2 . 2, -1 r x (1 + 1 sin d) r'L + coscO r 7 1 + X sin ^ |tan + - xx cosi 1

(1)

S F = 1

, n-m m=l

(2)

n-m

A F

m m-n A

n

(3)

A is area of surface m

m

62a
Calculation Sequence:

1. X = R/L, Y = W/L. *^ cos-1 f \^ -

Compute ^1^2' ^2-1 (1) ^'^'^

2. If S = R, *2 = ^1-3 = F^^j^ = F2_-,^, skip stage 3

3. X = S/L, Y = W/L. *2 = cos-1 (^4^^)

Compute F2^_3> -^3-1 [Equations (1) and (3)]

4. X = S/L, Y = R/L, *2 " ^ - *i

" *2

Compute ^2-3* ^3-2 ^^^i^^^^^^^ (1) ^^'^ O)]

5. F ,,F _,m=l,2,3 [Equation (2)J

m-H- m-D

6. F, , F_ , m = 1, 2, 3 [Equation (3)j • 4-m 5-m ' ' ^

^

7. F^_^, F^_^ [Equation (2)]

63a
FI

An Algorithm for Approximating Inside Surface Heat Transfer

Coefficients Tabulated in Table 1, Page 357 of the 1972

ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals

Data ;

IDIR: Heat flow direction index

1 Upward

2 45 ° upward

IDIR = 3 Horizontal

4 45 ° downward

5 Downward

e: Emittance of the surface

IV: Moving air index (IV = 0 corresponds to still air)

Calculation Sequence :

1. If IV =0, FI = h^ + 1.02*e

where

. 7 12 1

.682 2

h = .542 for IDIR = 3 c .402 4

.162 5

2. If IV 0, FI = 2.0 Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F)

64a
FO

An Algorithm for Determining Outside Surface Heat Transfer

Coefficient As a Function of Air Velocity and the Type

of Surface Constructions

Data ;

V: Wind velocity, knots (Determined in CLIMATE)

DIR: Wind direction (Determined in CLIMATE)

IS: Outside surface index

1 Stucco

2 Brick and rough plaster

3 Concrete

IS = 4 Clear pine

5 Smooth plaster

6 Glass, white paint on pine

WA: Wall azimuth angle, degree

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Conversion of the unit of wind velocity from knots into

V = 1.153*V

2. Outside surface heat transfer coefficient

FO = Ave (V '''"A'2 ) + B>''V' + C

where A, B and C are given in Table A8

65a
Table A8

Value of Coefficients For Calculation

of Outside Heat Transfer Coefficient

IS ABC

1 0.0 0.464 2.04

2 0.001 0.320 2.20

3 0.0 0.330 1.90

4 -0.002 0.315 1.45

5 0.0 0.244 1.80

6 -0.00125 0.262 1.45

3. Relative wind direction to the wall surface

RWD = WA + 180 - DIR

If I RWD I > 180, RWD = 360 - RWD

4. Conversion of the unit of wind velocity into m per sec W = 0.51479*V

5. Air velocity close to wall surface

If I RWD I < 90 (windward)

VC = 0.25*W for W > 2

VC = 0.5 for W < 2

If I RWD I > 90 (leeward)

VC = 0.3 + 0.05*W

66a
6. Convection component of the outside surface heat transfer

coefficient

FOC = 3.2 8.v((VC)*-^0.605)"-

This equation was derived by K. Kimura based upon the recent data published in Reference 6

.

67a
ACR*

An Algorithm for Determining Thermal Resistance

Across the Air Cavity in Walls and Roofs

Data:

DT: Temperature difference across the air space, F

L: Thickness of the air space, in.

IDIR: Heat flow direction index

1 upward

2 45° upward

IDIR = 3 horizontal

4 45° downward

5 downward

e^^ , : Emittance of the surfaces facing the air cavity

ATC: Average temperature of the air cavity, F

Calculation Sequence :

1. Let X = Log (DT*(U'*3))

Then using the values for Aq, A^^, k^^^ A^, and A^ which are

given in Table A-9, calculate

This polynomial has been derived to represent experimental data pre

sented in Figure 6 of Reference 7 and shown here in Figure A-15.

68a
Table A- 9 VALUES OF A^, Aj^, A2 , A^, and A^ FOR CALCULATION OF

RESISTANCE ACROSS THE AIR SPACE

IDIR Range of DT'V(L^*3) ^0 ^1 ^2 A3 \

11 All the range -1.5904 0.2824 0.0 0.0 0.0

22

1 < DT*(I>f'V3) < 10

10 < DT* (I;^*3) < 100

100 < DT* (L>v*3)

-1.7125

-1.8546

-1.7380

-0.0875

0.3124

0.2910

0.2437

0.0

0.0

-0.042 0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

3

1 < DT*(IpV*3) < 10

10 < DT*(L**3) < 100

100 < DT*(L**3)

-1.7410

1.0460

-0.2141

-0.0331

-3.4660

-0.6577

0.0198

1.5482

0.1693

-0.0146

-0.2669

-0.0095

0.0

0.01673

0.0

4

1 < DT*(L**3) < 10

10 < DT*(bv*3) < 100

100 < DT>v(L**3)

-1.7420

-6.5410

-0.1914

0.0163

5.5710

6.1610

-0.04 09

-2.3690

-1.3390

0.0204

0.4467

0.1339

0.0

-0.0300

-0.0050

5

1 < DT*(U'*3) < 10

10 < DT*(Lit*3)

-1.770

-1.745

0.0

0.0028

0.0

0.0029

0.0

0.0008

0.0

0.0

2. Let z = Exp (y)

If z > 0.3 h = z * (1 - 0.001 * (DT-50))/L

c If 0.2 < z < 0.3 h = z * (1 + 0.00035 v- (DT-50))/L

- - c If z < 0.2 h = z * (1 + 0.0017 * (DT-50))/L

c

3. = 0.00686 * (((ATC + 460)/100) 3)*

4. RES = l/(h^ + (l/(l/ex + l/eg - D) * h^)

•k This polynomial has been derived to represent the curve presented in

Figure 5 of Reference 7 and shown here in Figure A-16.

69a
0.15

1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 20 304050 80100 200 400 1000 2000 6000

DT*L**3

Figure A-15 Convection-Conduction Coefficient for Heat

Transfer Across an Air Space for Five Orientations of the Air Space and Directions

of Heat Flow

1.2

:C 0.9

08

07

0^0" 10 20 30 40 5 0 60 70 80 90 100 110 MEAN TEMPERATURE,°F

Figure A-16 Linear Radiation Coefficient for Heat Transfer

Across an Air Space for a Radiation Interchange

Factor

70a
XYZ

A Description of the Calculation Procedure for Transient

Heat Conduction Using Conduction Transfer Functions

Conduction transfer functions are used widely and considered as a

convenient and effective tool for the evaluation of transient heat transfer in building construction components. The conventional steady state

heat transfer equation for calculating heat loss:

Q = U (T - T ) (I) a o ^ '

where

U: overall heat transfer coefficient of roof or wall

T^: inside air temperature

T^: outside air temperature

is not sufficient for evaluating transient heat transfer. This equation

becomes invalid because the outdoor temperature T^ usually varies as affected by solar radiation, cloud cover and wind effect. The effect of

the rapid change of the outdoor temperature will not be accounted for unless the structure is extremely lightweight, such as galvanized steel.

Approximate calculation for a more accurate determination of the instantaneous heat transfer can be made by replacing T^ - T^ of equation

(1) by a Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) which is usually

precalculated for typical building construction components and takes into

account the thermal storage effect. Although very useful, the TETD concept is only valid when the outside temperature T^ undergoes steady periodic changes. The TETD concept is therefore especially useful computing

design heat transfer rates for the building where very warm or very cold

71a
conditions are assumed to occur for several successive days.

A more accurate formulation for conduction heat transfer from a room

to randomly fluctuating outdoor conditions is to use the hourly history

of temperatures in conjunction with Conduction Transfer Functions (CTF).

For example, in calculating the energy transfer from a room at an inside

surface, the equation would be:

N N

Q. ^. ^'t

= S X.'VT ^ . - 2 Y.'VT + R.vQ , (2) .^Q J a,t-j .^^ j o,t-j ^ ^t-1

where , (for j = 0, 1, 2 ... N), and R are the Conduction Transfer

Functions. In equation (2 )

, T . and T . represent outdoor and room a,t-j

air temperatures respectively at jth hour prior to the time for which the

value of Q is needed. And Q , is the heat loss Q , from the room at

t t-1 t the previous hour. By having a record ofT ^i,T o>T „... ° o,t-l o,t-2o,t-3

T ^ . ; and T ^ t , T „ • • • T . ; it is possible to determine the o,t-j a, t-1 a,t-2 a,t-j

instantaneous conduction transfer, provided that the values for X. and

J Y., and R are available.

J The number of terms involved for the calculation of (or the value

of N in equation (2)) depends upon the type of roof or wall construction.

Generally heavy constructions require a large value, although for most

8 / conventional constructions, it seldom exceeds 2 0. Stephenson amd Mitalas~

have shown that the value of N can be further decreased by employing more

than one past record of (or ^ with j being more than 1) in the following manner

72a
N' N' N

,t 2 a,t-j J o,t-j J ^i,t-j

where A., B., and D. are the Modified Conduction Transfer Functions acJ J J 8/ cording to Stephenson and Mitalas~ . Table A-10 gives values of Conduction Transfer Functions calculated for a brick wall having an overall heat

transfer coefficient of 0.418. In this table, the factors designated by

Z, and C. are the additional transfer function to be used for evaluating

J J the instantaneous heat loss Q ^ at the exterior side of the structure.

o,t

The applicable equations for this side of the structure are then:

N N

Q = 2 Y.VrT ^ . - S Z.V.T ^ . + R?VQ (4) o»t J a,t-j J o,t-j ^o,t-l

or

N' N' N'

Q = 2 B ,vT - E C,.vT^.'VT . - S D,*Q„ (5) - S D.*Q

The table also shows that for the calculation of Q the use of Stepheno ,t son type transfer functions would permit the reduction of N from 10 to

N' = 4 with a corresponding increase of three terms in the past record

of Qo,t

73a
Table A-10

Construction Data

Inside

Surface

Thickness

0.000

Thermal

Thermal Specific Resistance

Conductivity Density Heat sq ft hr

Btuh/ft Ib/ft^ Btu/lb °F F/Btu

.830

4 -in com- mon brick 0.333 .420 100.42 .220 .793

4-in face

brick

Outside

surface

0.333

0.000

,770 125.00 .220 0.432

.330

Time increment : 1 hour

Overall heat transfer coefficient U = 0.418

2.385

Conduction Transfer Functions (CTF)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

X.

J

.9194

.9391

.0606

.0153

.0061

.0026

.0011

.0005

.0002

.0001

.0000

Y,

J

.0001

.0080

.0243

.0186

.0090

.0039

.0017

.0007

.0003

.0001

.0001

Z . J

1.9833

2.1785

.1983

.0387

.0144

.0060

.0026

.0011

.0005

.0002

.0001

R

0.8398

Stephenson Type Transfer Functions

0

12

3

4

A.

J

0.9194

•1.4128

0.5785

0.0511

0.0007

0.0001

0.0079

0.0202

0.0064

0.0002

1.9833

-3.2002

1.3942

-0.1448

0.0024

1.000

-1.3552

0.4699

0.0315

0.0002

74a
Data

:

NL: Number of layers to be considered for the analysis

of a given structure: the number of layers should

include surface resistance or air cavity resistance

if they contribute significantly to the overall heat

transfer of that particular structure

K^: Thermal conductivity of i-th layer in Btu per (hr)

(ft) (F). This value is not needed for air cavities or for the surface resistance layers.

p^: Density of i-th layer in lb per (cu. ft). This

value is not needed for air cavities or for the

surface resistance layers.

C^: Specific heat of i-th layer material in Btu per

(lb) (F). This value is not needed for air cavities or for the surface resistance layers.

L, : Thickness of the i-th layer in ft. This value

X is not needed for the air cavities or for the

surface resistance layers.

RES. : Thermal resistance of air cavities and surface

1

resistance layers in (hr) (sq ft) (F) per Btu.

This value is not needed whenever all of the

remaining values such as K^, p^, and are

given.

75a
DT: Time increment for the conduction transfer functions

in hr (usually one hour for the building heat transfer calculations)

Subscript i refers to i-th layer and it varies from 1

to NL.

The sequence of input ing the above property values for each layer

is very important and must be consistent with the particular convention

adopted for the specific calculation routine. The sequence must follow

in order from the inside layer to the outside layer or vice versa. It

should be noted that the inclusion of the surface thermal resistance as

independent layers is optional depending upon the end use of the conduction transfer functions. If the inside surface temperature is to be computed as a balance of all the heat flow involved at that surface, the

thermal resistance of the inside surface should not be included in the

calculation of the conduction transfer functions. The same comment applies for the outside surface.

An algorithm for the calculation of the conduction heat transfer

functions will not be given here, since it involves lengthy mathematical

solutions to the standard transient heat conduction differential equation. Reference (9) provides an excellent background for this calculation. Several computer programs"^^"^"*

~^ are available for the calculation

of conduction transfer functions for multi- layer walls, roofs and floor

constructions. The program developed by the National Research Council

of Canada—'^ requires the layer input to be placed in order from outside

toward inside. It calculates the Stephenson type conduction transfer

76a
functions directly. The program of the National Bureau of Standards—^

requires the input to be placed from the inside layer first and calculates the conduction- transfer functions of plane, cylindrical and spherical walls. It also calculates the transfer functions for solid objects

of plane, cylindrical and spherical shapes as well as the heat conduction

systems involving semi-infinite solids, approximated by basement floors

and underground constructions.

Under non-steady heat conduction, the heat lost from one side of a

surface is not equal to the rate of heat entry at another side. Equations

(2) and (3), however, must be valid also for the steady state heat transfer problems. One of the best ways to check the consistency of the conduction transfer functions is to use them in the solution of steady state

problems and see if the following criteria is met : The room side surface

temperature and the outdoor side surface temperature are maintained constant for many hours so that

TOS^ = TOS^ , = TOS^

t t - 1 t -N

TIS^ = TIS^.l = TIS^.N

QI^ = QO^ = QO^.l = QI^.i

Thus

N N

QO^ = TIS *2 Y. - TOS VcS Z. + R>vQO^

t t j t j ^t

N N

QT = TIS *2 X. - TOS *S Y. + RVfQI

t tj tj ^ t

In order to satisfy these two equations simultaneously, it is necessary

that

77a
N N N

S X. = S Y. = S Z . = U*(l - R)

J J J

In fact, the conduction transfer functions of the sample wall shown in

Table A- 10 can be shown to satisfy this requirement

rx, =ZY. =2Z.= 0.0668

J J J

and

m(l - R) = 0.418* (1 - 0.8398) = 0.0669

78a
HEATW

An Algorithm for Calculating Transient Heat Conduction

Through Opaque Walls or Roofs Using Conduction Transfer Functions

Data:

Xj , and got j = 0, 1, 2, ... N: Conduction transfer functions in Btu per (hr) (sq ft), (Calculated

as outlined in XYZ for the system that excludes the

inside and outside heat resistance layers)

R: Common ratio of the response factors X', Y' and Z'*

(Calculated as outlined in XYZ),

R = ir^ = ^= %i for j . N

j j j

N: Number of the significant terms to be used for the

conduction heat transfer calculation, (Calculated

as outlined in XYZ)

FO^ : Outside surface heat transfer coefficient at time

t, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F)

IT^ : Total solar radiation intensity on the outside surface at time t, Btu per (hr) (sq ft), (Calculated

in SOLAD)

X. = X! - R*X. , J J J-1

Y. = Y! - RVfY'. T J J J-1

Z. = Z'. - RvcZ'. T J J J-1

79a
TIS^_j : History of inside surface temperature at times t-1,

t-2, ... and (t-N)th hour, F

TOS^_j : History of outside surface temperature at times t-1,

t-2, t-3, ... and (t-N)th hour, F

DB^ : Outdoor air dry-bulb temperature at time t, F

HEAT^_^: Heat loss at the interior surface to the outdoor environment at the previous hour, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

*^^t-l' ^^^^ loss at the exterior surface to the outdoor environment at the previous hour, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

a: Solar absorption coefficient at the exterior surface

a' Cosine of the angle subtended by a vertical line and

the surface normal ... (Calculated in SUN)

TC^: Total cloud amount ... (Calculated in CLIMATE)

TM: A reference temperature (usually the inside design

temperature), F

Calculation Sequence ;

A. Exterior walls and roof

1. The heat balance equation at the exterior surface is given by

QR^ + QA^ + QO^ - QS^ = 0

where

a) Incident solar radiation

QR = a*IT^

t t b) Convection heat transfer from the outdoor air

QA^ = FO *(DB^ - TOS^)

t t t t

80a
c) Conduction heat flow from the inside surface

N N

QO = S Y *(TIS -TM) - Z Z.*(TOS^ .-TM)

+ Rkqo^_*

d) Heat loss to the sky

QS^. = 2*c^(10-TCj.)

2. Let

N

SUMl = S Y^*(TIS^_j-TM) + CR*QO^_^

N

SUM2 = S Z.*(TOS .-TM)

3. Outside surface temperature

TOS = (OR - QS + FO 'VDB + SUMl - SUM2 + Z^vtTM)/(FO^ + Z^)

t t ttt u tu

4. Using this new TOS^, the heat loss at the interior surface is

then determined as follows:

N N

: = S X.*(TIS. . - TM) - S Y.'V(TOS . - TM)

t j=o J ^"^ j=0 ^ HEAT^ =

+ R*HEAT^ T t-1

Throughout this discussion a value of TM is always subtracted from

the interior surface and exterior surface temperatures. This sub=

traction usually helps to minimize the digital errors which occur

and are sometimes significant when a large number of numerical data

are multiplied and added. Since N N , the net effect of

the subtraction is zero. S X. = S Y.

j=0 J j=0 J

This expression was developed to yield a roof sky radiation of 20 Btu

per (hr) (sq ft) for a cloudless condition, which was reported in Ref- erence (12).

81a
INSULATED ROOF (SUMMER)

SOLAR CONVECTION

HOUR

Figure A-17 Transient Heat Transfer in a Typical Roof

82a
Table A- 11

Layer Description

NO . « of Layers

1 0. 0. 0. 0. 2.04 Suspended Ceiling

2 .167 .025 13. .320 0. 2-in. Insulation

3 .333 1.000 140. .200 0. 4-in. Concrete

4 .031 .110 70. .400 0. 3/4-in. Felt

5 .042 .830 55. .400 0. 1/2-in. Pitch Slag

Time Increment DT = 1.

Conduction Transfer Functions

J X.

J Y.

J Z.J

0 .21934 .00011 3.30513 .78793

1 -.25485 .00504 -4.27082

2 .04650 .01060 .97885

3 .00857 .00493 .00808

4 .00224 .00140 .00104

5 .00059 .00037 .00024

6 .00016 .00010 . 00006

7 .00004 . 00003 .00002

8 .00001 .00001 .00000

9 .00000 .00000 .00000
Figure A-17 shows the energy balance that is involved in the

above calculation sequence and the results of a typical calculation. Table A-11 gives the conduction transfer functions

for the roof used in the calculations.

B. Interior walls and floor /ceiling sandwich

The calculation sequence for the partition wall and floor/ceiling

sandwich is completely different from that of the exterior wall or

roof. The difference is due to the fact that the air temperature at

the exterior side of the construction can be assiamed the same as at

the interior side, at least for a climate controlled building. In

order to take advantage of this fact, conduction transfer functions

should be determined with the surface thermal resistance layer added

at the exterior side of the structure. The heat loss through a partition wall is then calculated by

N N

HEAT = S X *(TI - TM) - S Y *(TA^ . - TM) + R*HEAT , j=0 ^ j=0 J ^'^

where TAj._^ = room temperature at time (t-j)th hour

If the room temperature were maintained constant at TM, which is usually the case, the terms involving the 's would then drop out of

the equation.

C. Slab on grade floor

The heat loss to the ground through the floor on grade can be

calculated by using conduction transfer functions determined on the

basis of flooring, concrete, and 12 inches of ground layer

84a
t-1

Since usually TG is constant and

N

E Y = U *(1 - R),

j=0 J ^

then

t-1

The same method is applicable to a floor with a crawl space as long

as the space is not vented. The conduction transfer functions for

the floor with an unvented crawl space simply has an additional air

resistance layer to account for the dead air space between the floor

and the ground. In many cases it is safe to assume that TG = TM,

and then the term involving U would drop out of the equation.

G

Floor over the vented crawl space

The floor over a vented crawl space can be treated in the same

manner as an exterior wall or roof except that the solar radiation

and sky radiation terms would not be included in the energy balance

and that the outside surface heat transfer coefficient is replaced

by a value similar in magnitude to the inside surface heat transfer

coefficient. If the conduction transfer functions include the outside surface heat transfer resistance, the calculation is simply

j=o J Y.*(DB._. - TM) + REHEAT

t-1

85a
SCHEDULE

An Algorithm to Determine Heat Gains From Lighting,

Equipment, Occupancy and Ventilation

Data

1. Normalized 24 hour profiles (j = 1, 2, 3 ... 24) of operational schedules for weekdays (i = 1) and weekends and holidays (i = 2 ) are given for lighting, equipment use, occupancy, ventilation, indoor temperature setting, and humidity

setting as follows:

QLITE^ ^: Lighting schedules (fraction of some maximum)

QEQUP^

J

: Equipment use schedules (fraction of some

maximum)

QOCUP^

J

: Occupancy schedule (fraction of some maximum)

QVENT^ Ventilation fan operating schedule (fraction of some maximum)

ROOMDB. .: Space thermostat setting schedule

ROOMRH, . : Space hximidistat setting schedule

2 . Maximum values of the parameters to be used with the schedules

QLITX: Maximum electric power demand for lighting

for the 24 hour period

QEQUPX: Maximum electric power demand for appliances for the 24 hour period, KW

86a
QOCUPX: Maximum number of equivalent sedentary

adult occupants during the 24 hour period

QVENTX: Maximum amount of ventilation air supply

during the 24 hour period, cu. ft per min.

QHTWTX: Maximum amount of hot water demand during

the 24 hour period, gallons per hour

YEAR, MONTH AND DAY

These data are needed to determine whether the day is a weekday, weekend, or holiday, and whether the day falls within day

light savings time.

QOS(TA): Sensible heat loss of a sedentary adult at

the room temperature TA, Btu per (hr) (occupant )

QOL(TA): Latent heat loss of a sedentary adult at

the room temperature TA, Btu per (hr) (occupant )

WO(DB,WB): Humidity ratio of the outdoor air for a

given outdoor air dry-bulb and wet-bulb

temperature, lb of water vapor per (lb of

dry air)

WI(TA,WGA): Humidity ratio of the indoor air for a

given dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb

temperature, lb of water vapor per (lb of

dry air)

87a
QWT : Heat needed to generate one gallon of hot

water, Btu per gallon of water

Calculation Sequence :

1. Determine the weekday indicator IWK from WKDAY

2 . Determine the holiday indicator IHOL from HOLDAY

3. If IWK = 1 or 7 i = 2

If IHOL =1 i = 2

Otherwise i = 1

4. Heat generated from lights (for j = 1 ... 24), Btu per hr

QS. . = QLITX*3413*QLITE. .

5. Heat generated from equipment and occupants, Btu per hr

(for j = 1, 2 ... 24)

Sensible heat

QS. '. = QEQlIPX'V3413-vQEQUP. . + QOCUPX*QOS (TA)--^QOCUP . . ijj i>J ijj

Latent heat

QL^ ^ = QOCUPXvrQOL(TA)*QOCUP^ *

6. Heat gain due to ventilation air, Btu per hr

Sensible heat

LEAK. . = QVENTX'VC *6Ch\' (m . - ROOMDB. . )-vQVENT . *p

Latent heat

Determine WI . from PSY using ROOMDB. . and ROOMRH. .

LEAK. '. = QVENTXv«v60>v(W0. - WI . )^v 106 0;vQ VENT . .*p

and p on this page depict specific heat and density of

air in the English units.

It has been assumed that there is no latent portion of the equipment

heat gain. There can be exceptions to this.

88a
Fundamentals of Room Temperature and Cooling

(Heating) Load Calculations

The basic energy transfer process that occurs in a room can best be

illustrated by an electrical circuit network as shown in Figure A- 18.

The figure represents the phenomenon in a typical room having two exterior walls, each of which contains a window, and two interior partition

walls, in addition to the roof and floor (see Figure A- 19). Heat conduction paths through the walls, roof, and floor are depicted by resistance

and capacitance circuits and these through windows are represented by resistance circuits, implying that the windows do not have significant ther

mal mass. Points T_, through T„o in Figure A- 18 indicate interior surbi bo

faces of the walls, roof, floor and windows, all of which receive conduction heat through solid material, solar radiation (represented by

q) through transparent surface and long wavelength radiation from

other solid surfaces indicated by solid lines connecting the surface

nodes; and they lose heat to the room air (represented by a point called

TA) by the convection process (dashed lines).

At the top of Figure A- 18, the radiation heat exchange between the

room surfaces, the surfaces of lighting fixtures, equipment such as busi

ness machines, and occupants is depicted. Also indicated in this same

location is the convective heat exchange between these items and the

room air. Actual heat or power input to these internal heat sources are

ble to represent the conduction heat gain from the inner core of light

ing fixtures and equipment if they have sufficient thermal mass. This

equipment could of course include the unit heaters or air conditioners

indicated by Although not indicated in this figure, it is possi89a
TSI IS2 Ts4 Tgs Ts6 IS7 lS8 [^f^l^-^^lf^^^

HEATING

COOLING

SYSTEM

INTERIOR WALL (WEST) / / / ' / / / /

' \ \ \

FLOOR

S7 T T T T T

ROOF

SKY

e— (SHG)3

-J\/YU THERMAL RESISTANCE

rjz THERMAL CAPACITENCE

© THERMAL CURRENT SOURCE

Figure A-18 Analogous Electric Circuit for Heat Exchange

Process in a Room

90a
N

'w

PARTITION WALL

CFML

NORTH

EXTERIOR WALL

S4

WINDOW J y

'SI

WINDOW ; T

PARTITION WALL

EXTERIOR WALL

ROOF

(To) = outdoor air temperature

SOUTH

GROUND

Figure A-19 Physical Model of a Typical Room Used in

Figur e A -18

91a
if they are the part of the room heat exchange system. The room air

changes energy with outdoor air or with the conditioned air from the

central climate control system (or the forced ventilation system) and

is depicted in this figure by lines T T and T T . The heat exchange

s a o a

at the exterior surfaces with outdoor air, sky and sun (except for the

partition walls and floor on grade) are also indicated using a normal

design calculation procedure, the temperature or heat flow at the exterior sides of the room surfaces are usually available either by calculation or as input data. The exception occurs when two or more rooms

adjacent one another are treated simultaneously. This latter case is

commonly referred to as a "multi-room problem" and is very complex.

No satisfactory solution for this case is presently available.

This electrical network problem can be solved and the corresponding calculation algorithm is called RMTMP (given in the following section). The solution can be obtained in two different modes: room temperature calculation mode or the room load calculation mode. The room

temperature calculation mode requires the simultaneous solution of heat

balance equations in order to determine all the surface temperatures together with the air temperature. On the other hand, the room cooling

load calculation mode requires that the room temperature be prescribed

and only the room surface temperatures are solved for. The convective

heat exchange between the room air and the heat emitting surfaces is

then the cooling load (or the heating load if the heat is lost to the

surfaces). These two modes of computation can be combined to simulate

the actual thermal behavior of a room and its environment where the

temperature fluctuates. The floating temperature would be calculated

92a
as long as it remained between prescribed limits. A heating load would

be computed when the room temperature fell to the lower limit and a cooling load would be calculated when the temperature rose to the upper limit.

In this manner, the calculation of load and subsequent energy requirement

would more closely correspond to actual building and system operation.

93a
RMTMP

An Algorithm to Calculate Thermal Load or Room Temperature

This routine calculates heating and cooling loads or room temperature by solving heat balance equations involving each of the room surfaces. A room surface receives conduction heat flow through the solid

wall, roof or floor material from behind, convection heat flow from the

air and radiation heat flow from other surfaces and internal heat sources

such as occupants, equipment and lighting fixtures.

Data ;

NS : Total number of heat transfer surfaces contributing

to the room heat balance

S.: Area of i-th heat transfer surface, sq ft, where

i=l, 2,3, ...NS

X. . , Y. . and Z, .

Where i=l,2,3,...NS

j = 1, 2, ... N.

Conduction transfer functions of i-th surface in

Btu per (hr) (sq ft) ... (Calculated in XYZ )

.

These conduction transfer functions are usually

evaluated without the interior or room side surface thermal resistance. The thermal resistance

layer of exterior surface is also omitted if the

exterior surface temperature is to be computed as

a result of a heat balance involving solar radia94a
tion, sky radiation and convective loss to the

outdoor air.

N. : Number of conduction transfer function terms to

be used for the calculation of the i-th surface

donduction heat gain

R, : Common ratio for the conduction transfer function

1

of the i-th surface

TOS^ for i = 1, 2, 3, ... NS and j = 0, 1, 2, ... N.

i,t-j . J > >

J

j_ Outside surface temperature history from present

hour to that of hours ago for i-th surface, F.

(This information is available from HEATW routine.)

TIS. ^ .: for i = 1, 2, 3, . . . NS and j = 1 , 2 , 3 , ... N.

Inside surface temperature history from one hour

ago to N^ hours ago for i-th surface, F. The

present value (for j = 0) will be computed in

this routine and stored for future use.

TA^ : Air temperature of the room at time t, F

DB^ : Outdoor air temperature at time t, F

TS^ : Supply air temperature from the central system

at t ime t , F

H. : Inside surface convection heat transfer coeffi1 cient for i-th surface, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F)

Subscript t refers to the present time t and t-j refers to the present

time minus j hours.

95a
F. , : Radiation heat exchange view factor between the i-th

1 , K

surface and k-th surface

F. = F, = 0 i,k k,k

E, : Emissivity of the i-th surface

1 R. : Radiant heat flux impinging upon i-th surface at time

t from various sources, which include solar radiation,

radiation from lights, occupants and equipment, Btu

per (hr) (sq ft)

Q, ^: Heat conducted into i-th surface at time t, Btu per

(hr) (sq ft)

GL^ : Mass air flow rate due to air leakage at time t, lb per

hr

GS^ : Mass air flow rate of the supply air from the central

system at time t, lb per hr

QEQUP: Internal heat generated from equipment such as business

machines and computers, Btu per hr

QOCPS: Internal heat (sensible) generated from occupants (a

function of room air temperature), Btu per hr

QLITE: Heat from lights, Btu per hr

RE: Fraction of internal heat gain from equipment that can

be assumed to be convective

RO : Fraction of internal heat gain from occupants that can

be assximed to be convective

RL: Fraction of heat gain from lights that can be assumed

to be convective

96a
SHG. : Solar incident radiation on i-th surface at time t,

i , t Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Heat balance equation at the i-th surface at time t

N. N.

1 1

Q, ^ = 2 X. . * TIS. ^ . - S Y. . * TOS, . + R. * Q. i,j i,t-j i,j i,t-j 1 ^i,t-l

NS

= H. -k (TA - TIS. ^) + S G. , * (TIS, ^ - TIS. ) + R.

1 t i,t i,k ^ k,t i,t' i,t

where G, = 4 * E. * F. , * (TA^ + 460) 3 * 0.1714 * 10 i,k 1 i,k t

R = SHG +

<^(1"RE)*QEQUP + (1-R0)*Q0CPS + (1-RL)*QLITE)

i,t i,t N

s S S.

1=1 ^

2. Heat balance for the room air

N

s S S. * (TIS. ^

- TA,) + GL * C * (DB - TA, ) + GS, C *

1 i,t t t p ^ t' t p

(TS^ - TA^) + QEQUP * RE + QOCPS * RO + QLITE * RL = 0

where C^ is the specific heat of air in Btu per (lb) (F)

The values of GS^ and TS^ , supply air flow rate and its temperature, are the link between the load calculation and the system

simulation. (More detailed explanation of this aspect is given

in the final portion of this section.)

97a
3. Assigning matrix elements for i = 1, 2, 3, ... NS and for

k= 1, 2, 3, ... NS

NS

A. . = X. , + H, + S G, , 1,1 1,1 1 i,k

A. = -G. = A, . = -G, . i,k i,k k,i k,i

i,NS+l "i

N. N.

1 1

B. = -S X. . * TIS. ^ . + 2 Y. . * TOS. ^ . - R * Q. , + R.

^ j=l i»J i,j i,t-j ^i,t-l i,t

Wi,k = \ * \

NS

Wl,NS+l = -(GL, +GS^)* C - S H^* S^

k=l

^NS+1

^ "QEQUBVRE + -QOCPS*RO - QLITE*RL - GLj.*Cp*DB^ - GSj.*Cp*TS^

4. Using these matrix elements, the following NS+1 equation

should be solved simultaneously for TIS. (i = 1, 2, ...

1 , t NS) and for TA^

98a
^1,1

^2,1

,\s,i

\2 ^1,NS+1 ^1

^2,2 ^ ,NS+1

*

\s,2 \s,NS+l

\s+l,2 \s+l,NS+l TAt ^

B

NS+1

5. When the value of TA^ has been specified, as in the case of

a controlled condition, the following NS equations should be

solved instead of the NS+1 equations given above

^1,1 "1,2

^2,1 ^2 ,2

_\s,l \s,2

1,NS

NS

TIS

TIS

1, t

2, t

TI _ NS,t

1

»2'

where

B'. = B. - A. -k TA^

1 1 i,NS+l t

Remark: The matrix type solution is not required if it is assumed

that

NS

^i,k (TMk,t - '^^^i,t> = ^ - ^^^i,t>

or

A. , =0 when i ?^ k i,k

99a
Calculate the sensible load by

N

s QLS =2 S. * (TIS. ^

- TA^) + GL^ * C * (DB^ - TA^

)

+ QEQUP * RE + QOCPS * RO + QLITE * RL

In this expression, QL is a cooling load if positive and

it is a heating load if negative. This is the heat picked

up by the room air (or that lost by the room air) which

has to be removed (or added) by the central air conditioning system.

Note that for ordinary load calculations, GS^ and TS^ are

not used as long as the following condition is satisfied:

j QLS^ I g I GS^ * * ~ "^^t^ \ Maximum capacity

of the heating or cooling system

In other words, the desired or prescribed room temperature

can be maintained as long as the calculated load is less

than the maximum capacity of the central system. When the

above condition is not satisfied because of the inadequate

values for either the air supply rate or the supply air

temperature, the room temperature used for the load calculation is no longer valid. The calculation must then be

revised, first calculating the room temperature as outlined

in 3 above.

100a
Latent Load

If moisture condensation and absorption by room walls,

or drying of the wall panels can be neglected, the latent load is the same as the latent heat gain or loss,

provided the following condition is met:

QLLj. ^GS^ * \ * (WA - WS), where \ = latent heat

of vaporization 1061 Btu per lb of water

In other words, the desired moisture level can be maintained as long as the latent load of the room or the

building is less than the capacity of the central system to remove (add) water vapor. When the above condition is not satisfied because of the inadequate air

flow rate of the air supply system or the value of WS,

the room humidity ratio would change according to

GS * WS + GL * WA + QLL/x

WI = —

GS^ + GL^

This equation becomes inderminate when there is no air

supply or air leakage to or from the room. Theoretically the room relative humidity would reach 1007o soon

after the air supply or air leakage is stopped provided normal internal sources were still present. Under those conditions, seasonal value of WI to be used

would be that corresponding to the dew point temperature which would be approximately equal to the average

101a
wall surface temperature of the space.

The most important application of RMTMP is for taking

into account some of the performance characteristics

of the room's (or space's) heating and cooling systems where the evaluation of heating and cooling load

is linked to the system capacity. Presented in this

section is a sample algorithm to illustrate how RMTMP

can be used to account for the type of occupancy, temperature control scheme, and the system capacity. In

this illustration, the heating/cooling load will be

set equal to the maximum capacity of the system when

the calculated load at a given time is greater than

the maximum system capacity. The space or room temperature is then calculated on the basis of net load,

which is the difference between the calculated load

at a given design temperature and the maximum system

capacity. If, on the other hand, the space temperature falls within the prescribed upper and the lower

limits, the load is set equal to zero. The same procedure is applied to the latent load calculation. The

details of the algorithm is depicted in the flow diagram (Figure A-2 0). The nomenclature for the figure

is given in Table A- 12.

102a
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

TA,TLL,TUL,QLS, QCLDS.QHLDS

TA

'TLL=TLLO

TUL=TULO

WIL=WILO

vWIU=WIUO

TLL=TLLN

TUL=TULN

WIL=WILN

IU = WIUO

ITHST=0

QHLS

QHLL

(RMTMP)

f ill QCLDS

I I I » Time

QCLS

QCLL

(RMTMP)

TA

(RMTMP)

QLS=QHLDS

6S=6SH

TS ~ TSH / y V JTHST = 0 / 4»LS=QHLj>

WA

/qls=o \

XQLL=0 /

'qls=qcldsN

GS=GSC

/ \ \ TS = TSC

<^QLS=QCL§> \|THST = 0

Figure A-20 Flow Diagram of the Room Temperature and the

Room Thermal Load Calculation Steps

103a
Sjmibols used in the flow diagram, Figure A-2 0

Setting of ttie variables

Calculation by RMTMP

Calculation of WA

NO NO fx- ^ » >i II II Testing of yes or no

104a
Table A- 12

Nomenclature for Figure A-20

lOCCUP: Occupancy index

1 if during the occupied period

0 if during the unoccupied period

ISIML: System capacity consideration index

1 if the calculated load is to be compared with the maximum

capacity of the system

0 if the load is to be estimated without regard to the installed system capacity

ITHST: Room temperature control index

1 if a space temperature is prescribed at a given level and

the heating and cooling load is to be calculated to meet

this prescribed condition

0 if the space temperature is to be determined as a balance

between the required load and the available capacity of

the system

TLL: The lower limit of temperature, below which heating must be

supplied

TLLO: The lower limit of temperature during the occupied period

TLLN: The lower limit of temperature during the unoccupied period

TUL: The upper limit of temperature, above which cooling must be

provided

105a
TULO; The upper limit of temperature during the occupied period

TULN: The upper limit of temperature during the unoccupied period

WIL: The lower limit of humidity ratio, below which the room requires humid if icat ion

WILO: The lower limit of hiomidity ratio during the occupied period

WILN: The lower limit of humidity ratio during the unoccupied period

WIU: The upper limit of humidity ratio, above which the room requires dehumidificat ion

WIUO: The upper limit of humidity ratio during the occupied period

WITJN: The upper limit of humidity ratio during the unoccupied period

GS : Mass flow rate of air from the supply system

GSH: Maximum mass flow rate of air from the supply system during

heat ing

GSC: Maximum mass flow rate of air from the supply system during

cooling

TS: Air temperature of the supply air system

TSH: Maximum temperature of air from the supply system during heating

TSC : Minimum temperature of air from the supply system during cooling

WS : Humidity ratio of the air from the supply system

WSH: Maximum humidity ratio of air from the supply system during a

period when heating and humidification occur

WSC : Minimum humidity ratio of air from the supply system during a

period when cooling and dehumidification occur

C : Specific heat of air

P

106a
\: Latent heat of vaporization

QHLDS: Maximum system capacity for heating, Btu per hr

QHLDS = GSH * * (TSH - TA)

QHLDL: Maximum system capacity for humidification

QHLDL = GSH * X * (WSH - WA)

QCLDS : Maximum system capacity for cooling, Btu per hr

QCLDS = GSC * Cp * (TA - TSC)

QCLDL: Maximum system capacity for dehumidif ication

QCLDL = GSC * \ * (WA - WSC)

The primary variables that are determined by this mode of calculation

are

:

QHLS : Sensible heating load of the space

QHLL: Latent heating load of the space

QCLS : Sensible cooling load of the space

QCLL: Latent cooling load of the space

TA: Space temperature

WA: Space humidity ratio

107a
ATTIC

A Description of the Load Calculation for an Attic Space

In many cases the heating and cooling load in an attic space is affected strongly by the manner in which the attic conditions are maintained.

The non-ventilated attic space may be treated as a simple air space within

a roof structure and accounted for in the calculation of the conduction

transfer functions. Where the attic space is ventilated during the summer

to take advantage of the resulting natural cooling effect of the outdoor

air, it has to be treated somewhat differently. Since it is reasonable

to assume that the radiation heat exchange between the underside of the

roof surface and the attic is as significant as the ventilation air rate

in determining the attic thermal condition, RMTMP should be used. No additional algorithms are then required since all aspects covered in RMTMP

apply directly to the attic heat transfer calculation. Of course, the solar radiation through windows, and internal heat gain from lighting and

occupants would most likely be omitted. The floor should be treated as

having its exterior surface exposed to the environmental conditions of

the room below. The heat loss at the "exterior" surface of the floor then

becomes the heat gain to the room beneath the ceiling.

FIJ 1 outlines the calculation procedure for obtaining the necessary

shape factors where the attic has a gabled roof .-

108a
IHG

An Algorithm to Calculate Instantaneous Heat Gain of a Space at Time t

Windows

:

NY: Number of windows

AY^: Area of each window, sq ft

UYj^: Overall heat transfer coefficient for each

window, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (f)

SHG^: Solar heat gain through each window, Btu per

(hr) (sq ft) (Calculated in SHG)

Exterior Walls and Roofs:

NX: Ntimber of exterior walls and roofs

AX^: Area of each exterior wall and roof, sq ft

HEAT^: Heat gain through each exterior wall and roof,

Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (Calculated in HEATW)

where k = 1 , 2 , ... NX

Lights

:

NS : Number of different types of lights

QS^: Power input to each type of light, Btu per hr

where k = 1 , 2 , . . . NS

109a
Internal Heat Source Other than Lights:

NS': Number of different types of internal sensible

heat sources other than lights

QS^: Heat generation from each internal sensible heat

source, where k = 1, 2, . . . NS

NL: Number of different types of internal latent heat

sources

QLj^: Latent heat gain from each internal latent heat

source, Btu per hr, where k = 1, 2, ... NL

Inside Doors:

ND: Number of inside doors

ADj^: Area of each inside door, sq ft

UD, : Overall heat transfer coefficient of each inside k

door , where k = 1 , 2 , ... ND

Outside Doors:

ND': Number of outside doors

ADjI^: Area of each outside door, sq ft

UD ' : Overall heat transfer coefficient of each outside

k

door, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F), where k = 1, 2,

. . . ND

110a
Partitions:

NP : Number of partitions which separate the space from

other spaces at different temperatures

AP^; Area of each of these partitions, sq ft

UP, : Overall heat transfer coefficient for each of these

k

partition walls, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F), where k =

1, 2, ... NP

Underground Walls:

NG: Number of underground walls

AG^: Area of each underground wall, sq ft

UG^: Overall heat transfer coefficient of each underground

wall, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F), where k = 1, 2, ...

NG

Underground Floors:

NGF: Number of underground floors

AGF^: Area of each underground floor, sq ft

UGFj^: Overall heat transfer coefficient of each underground

floor, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F), where k = 1, 2, ...

NGF

Internal Infiltration

NLK: Number of internal air leakage sources

LEAK^: Air leakage from each source, cfm (Calculated in

INFIL), where k = 1, 2, ... NLK

111a
External Infiltration:

NLK': Number of external air leakage sources

LEAK^: Air leakage from each external source, cfm

(Calculated in INFIL), where k = 1, 2, ...

NLK'

Temperatures

TAj^: Dry-bulb temperature of each adjacent space,

F, where k = 1, 2, ... ND, NP or NLK

DB: Outside air dry-bulb temperature, F (Obtained

from CLIMATE)

TG: Average ground water temperature at half underground basement depth, F

TOW: Ground water temperature, F

TZ : Space dry-bulb temperature, F

Humidity Ratios

WAj^: Humidity ratio of adjacent space, lb water per

lb dry air, where k = 1, 2, ... ND, NP or NLK

WO: Outside air humidity ratio, lb water per lb

dry air (Calculated in PSY)

WZ : Space humidity ratio, lb water per lb dry air

112a
HEATG

or HEATG'

The following heat gains are calculated in this subroutine:

Total hourly solar heat gain through windows, Btu

per hr

HEATX: Total hourly heat gain through exterior walls and

roofs, Btu per hr

HEATIS: Total power input to lights, Btu per hr

HEATDP: Total sensible heat gain due to heat transfer through

doors, partitions, underground walls and floors, and

internal heat sources other than lights, Btu per hr

HEATVS : Total hourly sensible heat gain due to infiltration,

Btu per hr

HEATL: Total hourly latent heat gain due to infiltration and

internal heat sources, Btu per hr

Calculation Sequence;

i . HEATG NY

or =1: AY >VSHG,

HEATG' k=l

NX

2. HEATX = S AX, '"^ HEAT,

k=l ^

^

NS

3. HEATIS = S QS,

k=l

^

ND ND'

4. HEATDP = S AD^*UDj^*(TA^-TZ) + S ADj^'^-UK^(DB-TZ)

k= 1 k=

1

113a
NY NG ^ + S AY *UY,*(DB-TZ) + S AG, *UG, * (TG-TZ

)

k=l ^ ^ k=l ^

^

NGF NP

+ S AGFj^VfUGF^*(TGW-TZ) + E APj^*UP^* (TAj^-TZ ) k= 1 k=

NS'

+ 2 QS'

k=l ^

NLK NLK'

5. HEATVS = 1.08^f(S LEAK, * (TA, -TZ) + S LEAK/* (DB-TZ )

)

k=l ^ ^ k=l ^

NLK NLK

6. HEATL = 4775* (2 LEAK, * (WA. -WZ ) + 2 LEAK** (WO-WZ) ) k=l ^ ^ k=l

+ 2 QL, —

k=l ^

The values of UG given in the 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals

are based on TGW. A program for calculating basement wall losses

using TC has been developed at the National Bureau of Standards.

When using present ASHRAE values for UG, use TGW instead of TG.

The coefficients 1.08 and 4775 in these equations are valid for

the standard air density. If desired, they can be adjusted to

actual conditions by multiplying both of them by ^

. where p is the actual density of the air expressed in 0.075

lb per cu ft

.

114a
HLC

A Simplified Procedure for Obtaining Approximate Cooling Load

by the Use of Weighting Factors

The procedure presented here was developed by Mitalas and Stephenson

of National Research Council of Canada"^^^-*— in order to expedite the

otherwise complex and time-consuming solution of the heat balance simultaneous equations. The rigorous solution similar to that described in

RMTMP was first obtained for typical rooms in commercial buildings with

pulse type excitations that simulate various heat gains. The solution

for these pulse excitations were then converted into new types of transfer functions called Weighting Factors. Weighting Factors developed for

typical office spaces of light, medium, and heavy constructions are shown

in Tables A- 13, A-14, and A-15 for solar heat gain with no internal shading devices; heat gain conduction through interior and exterior structure

components, solar heat gain with interior shading devices and all internal

sources except lighting; and the heat gain due to lighting. By multiplying these Weighting Factors to the history of respective heat gains in a

convolution scheme, similar to the way the conduction transfer functions

are multiplied to the temperature history, it is possible to calculate an

approximate cooling load.

Data ;

AGJ for j = 0, 1, 2 ... MG and BG^ for j = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . MG

'

Weighting Factors for the solar heat gain HEATG

(no internal shading devices)

115a
AX^ for j = 0, 1, 2 ... MX and BX^ for j = 1 , 2 . . . MX

Weighting factors for

HEATX: Conduction heat gain

HEATG: Solar heat gain where there are internal shading devices

HEATDP: Heat gain due to air leakage and internal sources except

lighting

AISj for j = 0, 1, 2 ... MIX and BIS^ for j = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . MIS'

Weighting factors for the heat gain from lighting HEATIS

In order to make use of the weighting factor concept, it is necessary

to have previous values of heat gains as well as values of cooling loads.

By denoting the cooling load due to HEATG as HLCG, due to HEATX, HEATG',

and HEATDP as HLCX and that due to HEATIS as HLCIS, the following set of

the previous data are needed:

HEATG . t-J

HEATX^ .; HEATG' .; HEATDP^ . t-J t-j t-j

HEATIS.

t-j

HLCG.t-j

HLCX^ . t-J

HLCIS.

t-j

for j = 0, 1, 2 ... MG

for j = 0 , 1 , 2 . . . MX

for j = 0, 1, 2 , 3 ... MIS

for j = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . MG

for j = 1 , 2 , 3 ... MX

for j = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . MIS '

Calculation Sequence :

1. Using the Weighting Factors* given in Tables A- 13, A- 14, and

The Weighting Factors given in Tables A- 13, A- 14, and A-15 are for

typical office construction. They are obtained using the method

described in Appendix B.

116a
A- 15 and factor Fc defined by equation "d" , calculate load components corresponding to the heat gains

MG MG'

a. HLCG^ = Fc S AG.*HEATG^ . - S BG *HLCG . j = 0 j = l

MX

b. HLCX = Fc S AX.'-(HEATX^ . + HEATG' . + HEATDP .)

MX'

S

2 = 1

BX.*HLCX^ .

MIS MIS

•

c. HLCIS = Fc S AIS *HEATIS . - 2 BIS.*HLCIS^ . j = 0 j = l

-J

The coefficients given in Tables A-13, A-14, and A-15

are for the case where all the heat gain energy appears eventually as cooling load. In most cases, a fraction of the input is lost to the surroundings. This fraction depends on the

thermal conductance between the room air and the surroundings.

One estimate of this fraction Fc , is given by

d . Fc = 1 - 0 . 02 . . .

for the range 1.0 > Fc > 0.7

1 where K_ = — (U . , A . , T window window

exterior wall exterior wall*

+ U . , 11 A . , corridor wall corridor wall

A U*A product should also be included for walls that adjoin unconditioned spaces even though the walls are not exterior ones.

117a
L = Length of room exterior perimeter

rU = U value of the room enclosure element

A = Area of the room enclosure element

2. Hourly load

a. Sensible load

SCL = HLCG^ + HLCX^ + HLCIS^ + HEATVS^

t t t t t b. Latent load

= HEATL^

Table A- 13

WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR HEATG

Weighting

Factor

Symbo

Heavy*

Structure

Medium*

Structure

Light*

Structure

MG = 1 AG,

AG,

0.187

•0.097

0.197

-0.067

0.224

-0.044

MG' = 1 BG,

BG.

1.00

•0.91

1.00

0.87

1.00

•0.82

Heavy Structure

Medium Structure -

Light Structure

6" concrete floor slab, 6" concrete exterior wall,

approximately 130 lb of building material per sq

ft of floor area.

4" concrete floor slab, 4" concrete exterior wall,

approximately 70 lb of building material per sq ft

of floor area.

2" concrete floor slab, exterior frame wall approximately 30 lb of building material per sq ft of

floor area.

118a
Table A- 14

NORMALIZED WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR HEATX + HEATG ' + HEATDP

Weighting

Factor Heavy Medium Light

Symbol Structure Structure Structure

AXq 0.676 0.681 0.703

AX, -0.586 -0.551 -0.523

BXq 1.00 1.00 1.00

BX, -0.91 -0.87 -0.82

119a
Table A- 15

WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR HEATIS

Weighting

Factor Heavy Medium Light

Symbol Structure Structure Structure

Fluorescent fixtures recessed into a suspended ceiling, ceiling plenum not vented.

AISq 0.00 0.00 0.00

MIS = 2 AISj^ 0.53 0.53 0.53

AIS2 -0.44 -0.40 -0.35

Fluorescent fixtures recessed into a suspended ceiling,

return air through ceiling plenum.

AISq 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.59 0.59 0.59

AIS2 -0.50 -0.46 -0.41

Fluorescent fixtures recessed into a suspended ceiling, supply

and return air through fixtures.

AISq 0.00 0.00 0.00

AISj^ 0.87 0.87 0.87

AIS2 -0.78 -0.74 -0.69

Manufacturer's data sheet must be consulted to obtain the fractions of

light input energy that are picked up by the room air and by ventilation air in the ceiling plenum.

12 0a
Table A-15 continued

1

Weighting

Factor Heavy Medium Light

Symbol Structure Structure Structure

Incandescent lights exposed in the room air.

AISq 0.00 0.00 0.00

AIS^ 0.50 0.50 0.50

AIS2 -0.41 -0.37 -0.32

The "BIS" Coefficients

BISq 1.00 1.00 1.00

BISj^ -0.91 -0.87 -0.82

121a
RMRT

An Algorithm for Calculating Weighting

Factors for Space Air Temperature

This algorithm provides a sample calculation method for obtaining

the weighting factors for deviation of space temperature for the design

value; the value at which the space heating/cooling loads are obtained

for by the HLC routine.

This general algorithm illustrated here is for a space enclosure

surrounded with spaces on both sides as well as above and below that are

thermally at the same conditions. The space enclosure consists of an external wall, interior partition walls, corridor partition wall, ceiling,

floor, furnishings, an outside door and a window.

Data:

AF: Floor area, sq ft

AC: Ceiling area, sq ft

AP : Interior partition wall area, sq ft

AK: Corridor wall area, sq ft

AW: Exterior wall area, sq ft

AG: Window glass area, sq ft

AD: Door area, sq ft

AFN: Internal furnishings area, sq ft

BF, Transfer functions for floor, Btu per (hr) (sq ft)

j* (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

DF.

J

122 a
BCj Transfer functions for ceiling, Btu per (hr) (sq ft) rc ' j' (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

DC.

J BK. Transfer functions for corridor wall, Btu per (hr)

j (sq ft) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

BP. Transfer functions for interior partition walls, Btu

J CP ' j* per (hr) (sq ft) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

DP . J CW. Transfer functions for exterior walls, Btu per (hr)

J • ^^j (sq ft) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

CD. Transfer functions for outside door, Btu per (hr)

^^j (sq ft) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

CFN . Transfer functions for internal furnishings, Btu per

J •

j (hr) (sq ft) (F), (Calculated in XYZ)

where j = 0, 1 , ... , M

UG: Heat transmission coefficient of window glass, Btu

per (hr) (sq ft) (F)

CFM: Rate of air flow through the room, cu. ft per min.

(Ventilation rate)

123a
Calculation Sequence :

1, Conversion of the given transfer functions into single series

, , and Zy This calculation is a polynomial division*,

i.e.

,

O -1 -2 -3

O

X^Z + Xj^Z + XgZ + XgZ + ...

o

-® a z + a, z + a„z + ... o

^ -1 ~2 -3

1 + b^^z + bgZ + bgZ + ...

where

= single series response factor set

b^ , bg , b3 ... = coefficient of the given numerator

and denominator series respectively

For example, using given notation in this section for the

outside wall, the x's, a's and b's are

x=sCW a=CW b=1.0 o o o o o

x^ = sCW;^ a^ = CW^ b^ = DW^

x| = sCWg ag = CWg bg = DWg

b3 = DW3

The rules of polynomial division can be obtained from any standard

textbooks on numerical analysis.

124a
where the letter "s" in front of CW. denotes coefficients of

J the single series

2. Calculation of the single series of Room Air Response Factors,

sRMRT. The factors in this series are given by

sRMRT, = AF[sBF. + sCF.]

J J J + AC[sDC. + sCCj

J J + AP[sBP. + sCPj

J J + AW[sCW^]

+ AD[sCDjJ

+AFN[sCFN

J

+AG[UG j"

+1.08[CFMj"

where j > 10 calculate the ratio R^

R. = sRMRT . ,

T

i sRMRT

.

J

and when 1 R, - R. I < 0.001 terminate sRMRT. calculations.

3. Calculation of RMRT

The calculation of RMRT as a ratio of two series consists of

three steps:

(a) Calculation of denominator, D(z),

D(z) = 1.0 - Rz"^

where R is the last value of the ratio calculated in the

sRMRT. calculations

J

* Note that UG. , = UG, CFM. , = CFM, UG. , = 0.0 and CFM. , = 0.0.

2=1 J=l J>1 J>i

125a
(b) Calculation of ntimerator, N(z),

N(z) = sRMRT^z° + (sRMRT^ - (R)sKMRT^) z"^

+ (sRMRTg - (R)sRM.T^) z~^

+ (SRMRT3 - (R)sRMRT2) z

(c) The RMRT's are then evaluated by equating the following

equation to the one in (b) above

-1 -.2 X + z + Xg z N(z) = -2 _ _ Y + Y, z o

^

Typical values are shown in Table A- 16.

126a
Table A-16

WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR THE DEVIATION OF SPACE

TEMPERATURE, RMRT'S^/

Weighting

Factor Heavy Medium Light

Symbol Structure Structure Structure

Xq -1.85 -1.81 -1.68

Xj_ +1.95 +1.89 +1.73

MX = 2 X2 -0.10 -0.08 -0.05

Yq 1.00 1.00 1,00

MY = 1 -0.91 -0.87 -0.82

The X coefficients given in this Table are for a room with zero heat

conductance to surrounding spaces and are normalized to unit floor

area. To get the X^ coefficients for a room with a total conductance

K between room air and surroundings, ventilation rate and infiltration rate VI^ it is necessary to multiply each X^ value by room

floor area and then add [K + (V^ + Vlt ) 1.08] (1.00 - Y ) to the re- sulting Xq value (where and VI^ are in cfm and K is \n Btu/hr °F.

Note: That X^. value changes with the changes of and VI^ values.

12 7a
HEXT

An Algorithm for Calculating the Rate at Which

Sensible Heat is Extracted From the Space

Data:

SCL^ : Sensible cooling load at time t, which is calculated for

a constant space design temperature of TM, Btu per hr

(Calculated in HCL)

X. Weighting factors for use with for j = 0, 1, ... , Y

*

j (Calculated in RMRT with typical values shown in Table

A- 16)

9^_j : History of hourly space air temperature deviation from

the assumed constant value TM, for j = 1, 2 ... , F

C: Average heat extraction rate of the apparatus in a space

when the space air temperature is TM, Btu per hr

D: Change in the rate of heat extraction of the apparatus

caused by one degree change in space air temperature,

Btu per (hr) (F)

HE^_j : History of heat extracted from the space, for j = 1, 2

... , Btu per hr

128a
INFIL

An Algorithm for Calculating Air Infiltration

It is well recognized that the air infiltration constitutes as much

as 30% of home heating load and a significant part of the load of nonpressurized commercial buildings. The air leakage of a building depends

upon the tightness of its exterior walls, windows, and doors, the wind

characteristics and temperature difference between the inside and outside, and to some extent how the building is operated with respect to

the opening and closing of its door.

The rate of air infiltration can be empirically expressed by

Q = e^A^AE^-^^N

where

Q : air flow rate

C: flow coefficient

A: flow opening area

N: pressure exponent

AP: pressure difference

Unfortunately it is very difficult to determine accurate values of flow

opening area and pressure difference for actual buildings, which consist

of complex air leakage passages. A limited amount of data are given in

the 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals for equivalent opening area of

typical windows, doors and walls. The pressure difference depends upon

the wind characteristics around the building and the temperature differ129a
ence between the inside and the outside of the building.

Compiled in this section is a methodology to approximately calculate

the pressure difference between a given space and its adjacent space including the outdoor. The basic mathematical principle involved is to attain a solution to a set of pressure difference equations of the following type:

where

l,k

N

l,k'

net air flow out of space 1

air exchange between space 1 and space k

flow opening area between space i and k

flow coefficient applicable to the air

flow between the spaces i and k

pressure exponent applicable to the flow

between the spaces i and k

A special computational routine is required to solve this set of simultaneous, non-linear equations.

As mentioned previously, air leakage through various openings such

as doors, windows, window frames, pinholes In the wall and service shafts

may be approximated by an equation of the following type:

130a
LEAK = 4000 * A * K * (DP) N

= C (DP) ** N

where

LEAK = air leakage in cu. ft per min,

A = opening area, sq ft

K = flow coefficient, dimensionless

DP = pressure difference across the opening, inches of water

N = pressure exponent, dimensionless

C = equivalent flow coefficient (EEC)

The values of K and N vary depending upon the type of opening. Moreover,

the exact value of A is not well known for many types of openings, such

as wall pinholes or cracks around the windows. Table A- 17 lists the values of Equivalent Flow Coefficient C and the flow exponent N for various

types of openings common to many buildings. These values are derived from

the air leakage data compiled in Chapter 19 "Infiltration and Natural Ventilation" of the 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.

131a
Table A- 17

C N

Double-hung wooden windows (locked)*

non-weatherstripped loose fit 6 0.66

average fit 2 0.66

weatherstripped loose fit 2 0.66

average fit 1 0.66

Window frames*

masonry frame with no caulking 1.2 0.66

masonry frame with caulking 0.2 0.66

wooden frame 1 0.66

Swinging doors* 1/2" crack 160 0.5

1/4" crack 80 0.5

1/8" crack 40 0.5

Walls** 8" plain brick 1 0.8

8" brick and plaster 0.01 0.8

13" brick 0.8 0.8

•^•J L/ 1. J- ^ En. miU W -LC* O U. C JL 0.004 0 7 13" brick, furring, lath and plaster 0.03 0.9

fTamp wall lath and nlastpi" 0.01 0^ • 55-J -J 24" shingles on 1 x 6 boards

center

on 14" 9 0.66

16" shingles on 1 x 4 boards

center

on 5" 5 0.66

24" shingles on shiplap 3.6 0.7

16" shingles on shiplap 1.2 0.66

Values of C listed for these openings are per ft of linear crack

length

.

k-k Values of C listed for the walls are per unit area of the wall sur- face .

132a
In many instances, detailed information of air leakage characteristics is not available, but it is still possible to make a calculation.

For a modern office building of 120 ft x 120 ft plan dimension with the

floor height of 12 ft, Tamura—^ lumped together all the leakage area

for a given floor as follows:

Table A- 18

outside wall

4 elevator shaft doors

2 stair shaft doors

floor

brench perimeter and interior air duct

return duct

vertical shafts (elevator or stairwell)

2.5 sq. ft per story

4.5

0.5

3.7

7.0

14.0

1/3 of the cross-sectional

area*

The value of C corresponding to these data can be obtained by multiplying

them by 2400 which corresponds to K = 0.6.

Data;

V: Wind speed measured at a 40 ft elevation as taken from

the weather tape, knots

DIR: Wind direction measured clockwise from North, degrees

(see Figure A-21)

This particular data were derived from a recent and unpublished experiment of the National Bureau of Standards conducted on two high-rise

buildings

.

133a
Figure A-Z2 Definition of the Angle Between North

and Norraal of the surface Under

Considera,tion

134a
DB: Outdoor air dry-bulb temperature, F

PB: Barometric pressure, in. Hg.

NF: Number of above-grade floors

HTT: Total height of building (from above-grade), ft

TZ : Indoor air temperature, F

TS: Elevator and service shaft temperature

WA' : Direction angle of the building as defined with respect

to North and the normal of the principal surface of the

building (see Figure A-22)

HT^: Height of the floor, ft , for k = 1, 2 , 3 , NF

CFMSP, : Ventilation air supplied to the floor, cu ft per min,

for k = 1, 2, 3, ... NF

CFMEX, : Ventilation air exhausted from the floor, cu ft per min,

for k = 1, 2, 3, . NF

Calculation Sequence ;

1. V = 1.153 * V

TO = 460 + DB

TI = 460 + TZ

PO = 0.4910 * PB

X = DIR - WA'

2. Wind velocity, VH, at height HT on the building, mph

VH = V * 0.117 * (1 + 2.81 * Log (0.305 * HT + 4.75))

3. Theoretical wind velocity pressure, PTWV on the building,

in. HgO

PTWV = 0.000482 * (V 2)

135a
4. Wind direction, BWD, relative to building surfaces

BWD = 1 surface on windward side if,

-45° < X < + 45°

BWD = 2 surface on leeward side if,

90° < X < 270°

or, -90° < X < -270°

BWD = 3 surface on side if,

45° < X < 90°

or, -45° < X < 90°

5. Using Table A- 19, determine the normal wind velocity pressure

correction factor, PTKN

Table A- 19 Values of PTKN

TB = 1 TB = 2 TB = 3

NSB

BWD

= 1 BWD

= 2

BWD

= 3

BWD

= 1 BWD

= 2

BWD

= 3

BWD

= 1 BWD

= 2

BWD

= 3

0.5 a -.3 -.8 -.5 -.25 -.45 .5 .45 .45

1.0 -.1 -.25 -.5 -.5 -.2 -.3 .45 .3 .3

2.0 .1 -.25 -.4 .0 -.2 -.3 .45 .1 .1

3.0 .1 -.25 -.4 .1 -.2 -.35 .45 .0 .0

5.0 .25 -.35 -.6 .25 -.25 -.45 .5 -.1 -.1

oo .6 -.35 -.7 .6 -.35 -.7 .6 -.35 -.7

where

TB

TB

TB

Shorter building on windward side

Equals taller building on windward side

Taller building on leeward side

136a
NSB: Ratio of the distance between the adjacent

buildings and the width of the building in

the direction of wind

Wind velocity pressure correction factor, PTKO, for winds

obliquely to the wall surface

If BWD = 1 (windward side of building)

(PTKO) = Cos ( 1 X 1 )

If BWD = 2 (leeward side of building)

(PTKO)^ =1.0

If BWD = 3 (side of building)

(PTKO) = Cos ( 1 X 1 ) s '

'

Examp le ;

Figure A-23 DIR and WA' Angles of Example

137a
Side 1, DIR-WA| = 110° - 45° = 65° (therefore, BWD = 3)

Side 2, DIR-WA^ = 110° - 135° = -25° (therefore, BWD = 1) ,

Side 3, DIR-WAj = 110° - 225° = 115° (therefore, BWD = 2)

Side 4, DIR-WA^ = 110° - 2 05° = 205° (therefore, BWD = 2)

Side 1, (PTKO) = Cos (+65°)

s Side 2, (PTKO)^ = Cos (+25°)

Side 3, (PTKO)^ =1.0

Side 4, (PTKO)^ =1.0

7. Actual wind pressure on the building at height (HT) corresponding

to floor (k): (PAWV)^

(PAWV)^ = (PTKO)^ * (PTKN)^ * (PTWV),

8. Stack effect pressure (PSE) on the outside of the building at

building height (HT) and floor (k) , in. H2O

(PSE)j^ = -0.52 * PC * HT/TO

9. Total pressure on the outside of the building (PCO) at floor (k),

in. H2O

(PCO)j^ = (PAWV)j^ + (PSE)j^

10. Pressure in the elevator and serve shafts (PSE) at height (HT)

corresponding to floor (k), in. H2O

(PSE)j^ = -0.52 * PC * HT/TI + (PSE)j^

11. Choose appropriate flow coefficients and pressure exponents for

air leakage paths of each floor as follows:

Flow coefficients

CWD: Value of C for appropriate window in Table A- 17

multiplied by the total crack length of all the

windows

138a
CFM: Value of C for appropriate window frame in Table A- 17

multiplied by the total crack length of all the window frames

CDR: Value of C for appropriate door in Table A- 17 multiplied by the total crack length of all the doors

CWL: Value of C for appropriate walls in Table A-17 multiplied by the total wall area

CCL: Value of A for the ceiling from Table A-18 multiplied

by 2400

CFL: Value of A for the floor from Table A-18 multiplied

by 2400

CEL: Value of C for elevator doors

CSS: Value of C for the doors to the service shaft

and CES : Value of the cross section of the shaft multiplied by

800

Pressure exponent

NWD: Value of N for the appropriate window in Table A-17

NFM: Value of N for the appropriate window frame in Table

A-17

NDR: Value of N for the appropriate door in Table A-17

NWL: Value of N for the appropriate wall in Table A-17

NCL: 0.5

NFL: 0.5

139a
NEL: 0.5

NSS: 0.5

NFS: 0.5

NSE: 0.5

12. Solution of 2 * NF equations

Outdoor air leakage to k-th floor rooms* (see Figure A-23)

Window k leakage

LEAKWD, . = CWD. . * (PCO, . - PI, ) ** NWD, . (1)

K,J K,J K,J K K.,J

Window frame leakage

LEAKFMj^

J = CFMj^

^ *

j " ^^k^ ** ^TMk j

Door leakage

LEAKDR, . = CDR, . * (PCO, . - PI, ) ** NDR, . (3)

l^jj K»J K,J K K,J

Wall leakage

LEAKWL, . = CWL. . * (PCO, . - PI, ) ** NWL, . (4)

Ceiling leakage

LEAKCL^ = CCL^ * ' **

Floor leakage

LEAKFL^ = CFL^ * ^-^^-1 ' '^'k^ ** ^\

In all of above expressions, subscript k refers to the k-th floor and

subscript j refers to the j-th side of the building where the convention is j = 1 (south), 2 (west), 3 (north), and 4 (east).

140a
k= NF

(PCOkj)

LEAKCL

4

LEAKES

LEAKWL

(Plk)

LEAKEL

Ipse,

4

LEAKFL LEAKFS

k=l

Figure A-23 Air Leakage Pattern of a High-Rise Building

141a
Leakage from the elevator and service shafts*

LEAKS S, =

(7)

(8)

Air leakage between the floor levels within the * / shafts—'

LEAKFS, = k

LEAKES, =

CPS, >v (PSE, , - PSE, ) ** NFS, k k-1 k 1

CES, * (PSE, 1 - PSE, ) ** NSE. k k-1 k

(9)

(10)

In the previous equations, unknowns are PI^ for k = 1, 2, 3,

... NF and PSE^ for k-1, 2, 3 ... NF provided that the pressures in all the shafts are assumed equal at a given floor

level.

Flow balance equations at the k-th floor (the individual

quantities come from equations 1-10 aboVe)

In all of above expressions, subscript k refers to the k-th floor and

subscript j refers to the j-th side of the building where the conven- tion is j = 1 (south), 2 (west), 3 (north), and 4 (east).

Rooms

142 a
Elevator Shaft or Service Shaft

LEAKFS^ + LEAKES^ - LEAKEI^* + CFMSPS^ - CFMEXS^ = 0

where CFMSPS^: ventilation air supplied at the

k-th floor in the shaft

CFMEXS, : air exhausted from the shaft at k

the k-th floor

These 2 ^ NF sets of flow balance equations must be solved

by an appropriate iteration technique to obtain the pressure

profiles in the building and in the shafts. Then the calculated pressure values are used to determine the air leakage

of the building.

Recently a comprehensive computer program that embodies the basic

algorithm described in this section was published by D. M. Sander and

G. T. Tamura of the National Research Council of Canada. The details

of the program are given in an NRC booklet entitled "A Fortran IV Program to Simulate Air Movement in Multi-Storey Buildings", DBR Computer

Program No. 35, (March 1973).

If this equation were for a service shaft, LEAKEL, would be replaced

by LEAKESj^.

143a
DST

An Algorithm for Determining the Dates of the Daylight Savings Time

Data

YR: Year AD

MO: Month of the year

DAY: Day of the month

The main variables calculated in this subroutine are:

DSTX: The day when daylight savings time commences

DSTY: The day when standard time resumes

DST: The daylight savings time indicator

0 during the standard time period

DST =

1 during the daylight savings time period

Calculation Sequence :

1. If MO is less than 4 or greater than 10, DST = 0

If MO is greater than 4 and less than 10, DST = 1

2. If MO = 4, DAY is less than 25, DST = 0

If DAY is greater than 23, call WKDAY subroutine

If DAY is Sunday, DSTX = DAY

If DAY is less than DSTX, DST = 0, otherwise DST = 1

3. If MO = 10, DAY is less than 25, DST = 1

If DAY is greater than 24, call WKDAY subroutine

If DAY is Sunday, DSTY = DAY

If DAY is less than DSTY, DST = 1, otherwise DST = 0

144a
WKDAY

An Algorithm Used to Identify the Day of the Week for Any Given

Date of the Year From 1901 to 2000

Data ;

YR: Year AD

MO: Month of the year

DAY: Day of the month

The variable calculated in this subroutine is WKDAY, the weekday indicator .

1

2

3

WKDAY = 4

5

6

7

Calculation Sequence ;

1. Let FSTDAY(l) = 31, FSTDAY(2) = 59, FSTDAY(3) = 90, FSTDAY(4) = 120

FSTDAY(5) = 151, FSTDAY(6) = 181, FSTDAY(7) =212, FSTDAY(8) = 243

FSTDAY(9) = 273, FSTDAY(IO) = 304, FSTDAY(ll) = 334, FSTDAY(12 = 365

2. Let N = Integer part of YR/4

ND = N - 485

lY = 2, lADD = 2

If ND = 0, Go to (4)

If ND is less than 0, ND = -ND and lADD = -2

145a

if Sunday

if Monday

if Tuesday

if Wednesday

if Thursday

if Friday

if Saturday
3. Repeat the following steps for ND times

lY = lY - lADD

If lY is greater than 7, lY = lY - 7

If lY is equal to 0, lY =7

If lY is less than 0, lY = lY + 7

4. Let MD = YR - N * 4

If m is equal to 0 IWK = lY

If MD is equal to 1 IWK = lY + 2

If MD is equal to 2 IWK = lY + 3

If MD is equal to 3 IWK = lY + 4

If IWK is greater than 7, IWK = IWK - 7

If MO is not equal to 1 go to 5

TDAY = DAY - 1

Go to 7

5. Repeat the following for j = 2 through 12

If MO is equal to j, let TDAY = FSTDAY (j-1) + Day - 1

Otherwise Go to 6

6. If MD is equal to 0 and MO is greater than 2, TDAY = TDAY + 1

7. Let NTX = Integer part of TDAY/7

NDX = TDAY - 7 * NTX + IWK

If NDX is greater than 7, let NDX = NDX - 7

8. Let WKDAY = NDX

9. If this routine is going to be applied for the period outside

1901-2000, the following additional algorithms must be added

KV = First two digits of YR

146a
KTEST = Last two digits of YR

If MO < 2 or KTEST = 0, KV = KV - 1

LTEST = Remainder of KV/4

KV = 4*LV + LTEST

If LTEST = 2, WKDAY = WKDAY + 1

= 1, WKDAY = WKDAY + 2

= 0, WKDAY = WKDAY + 3

Otherwise WKDAY = WKDAY - 3* (LV - 4)

If WKDAY < 0, WKDAY = WKDAY + 7

If WKDAY > 7, WKDAY = WKDAY - 7

An alternate calculation sequence for WKDAY has been suggested*

***** ALL INTEGER ARITHMETIC *****

1 MDAY=30*(MO-l)+(MO-2)*58/100-l

IF(M0.LE.2) MDAY=MDAY+MO

2 NIVC=IYR-(IYR/400)*400

NLYR=NIVC/4

NCEN=NIVC/100

NIC=NIVC-100>vNCEN

3 IY=6-2*NLYR

4 MD=NIVC-NLYR*4

IF(MD-GE'l) IY=IY+1+MD

IY=IY-NCEN

IF(NIC.EQ.0.AND»NIVC.GT.0) IY=IY+1

5 IDAYR=MDAY+IDA

6 IF(NIC-EQ-0-AND-NCEN.GE-l) GO TO 7 IF(MD«EQ.0.AND.MO«GT«2 ) IDAYR=IDAYR+1

This was contributed by A. W. Courtney, Scientific Programming,

Box 5 08, Bloomfi eld Hills, Michigan 48013.

147a
7 JWK=IDAYR+IY

NDX=JWK-(JWK/7)*7

IF(NDX-LE=0) NDX=NDX+7

8 WKDAY=NDX

NOTE: IDA FORMERLY CALLED "DAY"

lYR FORMERLY CALLED "YR"

IDAYR = NUMBER OF THE DAY OF THE YEAR

0 = NUMERICAL ZERO

148a
HOLDAY

An Algorithm to Identify the National Holidays of the

United States of America

Simple modifications allow the identification of any holidays or any

special days in any country as long as the Gregorian Calendar system is

employed.

Data :

YR: Year AD

MO : Month

DAY: Day of the month

The primary variable calculated in this subroutine is HOL, the

holiday indicator; it is 1 if the date is a holiday and zero if

it is a non-holiday.

Calculation Sequence :

HOL = 1

If MO 1 and DAY = 1 MO 12, DAY = 31 and WKDAY = 6

MO 1, DAY = 2 and WKDAY = 2

MO 2 , 22 > DAY ^ 15 and WKDAY = MO 5, DAY > 25 and WKDAY = 2

MO 7 and DAY = 4

MO 7, DAY = 3 and WKDAY = 6

MO 7, DAY = 5 and WKDAY = 2

MO 9, 7 > DAY and WKDAY = 2

MO 10, 15 > DAY > 8 and WKDAY = MO 10, 29 > DAY > 22 and WKDAY = MO 11, 29 > DAY > 21 and WKDAY = MO 12, DAY = 24 and WKDAY = 6

MO 12, DAY = 26 and WKDAY = 2

otherwise HOL = 0

149a
PSY*

Various Algorithms for Approximate Psychrometric Calculations

The following symbols are used throughout the PSY subroutines:

DB: Dry-bulb temperature, F (determined in CLIMATE)

DP: Dewpoint temperature, F (determined in CLIMATE)

WB: Wet -bulb temperature, F (determined in CLIMATE)

t: Temperature, either DB, WB, or DP, F

PB: Barometric pressure, in. Hg (determined in CLIMATE)

H: Enthalpy of moist air, Btu per lb of dry air

HS : Enthalpy of moist air saturated with water vapor,

Btu per lb of dry air

PV: Partial pressure of water vapor in moist air, in. Hg

PVS : Partial pressure of water vapor in moisture saturated

air, in. Hg

V: Volume of moist air, cu ft per lb of dry air

W: Humidity ratio of moist air, lb of water vapor per

lb dry air

log(x): Natural logarithm of x

loglO(x): Common logarithm of x

When the exact Goff-Gratch method is required, algorithms described

in Reference 17 should be used. Tables A-19 and A-20 taken from that

reference list that the psychrometric properties calculated by the PSY

routines and the exact Goff-Gratch method, respectively. From examination of these tables it can be seen that the values calculated by

the PSY subroutines are in very good agreement with the values calculated by the exact Goff-Gratch method.

150a
The following algorithms are used for calculating the psychrometrlc

properties of moist air. All of these are not required for load calculations but are presented here in a package and can be applied in a variety of engineering applications.

a. PVS (t)

1. Let A(l)

A(2)

A(3)

A(4)

A(5)

A(6)

-7.90298

5.02808

-1.3816 E-7

11.344

8.1328 E-3

-3.49149

B(l) = B(2) = B(3) = B(4) =

-9.09718

-3.56654

0.876793

0.0060273

2. Let T = (t + 459.688)/!.

8

if T is less than 273.16, go to 3

Otherwise

Let z = 373.16/T

PI = A(l) * (z-1)

P2 = A(2) * loglO (z)

P3 = A(3) * (10=^*(A(4) * (l-l/z))-l)

P4 = A(5) * (10**(A(6) * (z-l))-l)

Go to 4.

3 . Let z PI

P2

P3

P4

2 73. 16 /T

B(l) * (z-1)

B(2) * loglO (z)

B(3) * (1-1/z)

loglO (B(4)

4. PVS = 29.921 * (10it*(Pl + P2 + P3 + P4))

151a
PV (DB, WB, PB)

1. PVP = PVS (WB)

WS = 0.622 * PVP/(PB - PVP)

IF (WB ^32) go to 3

HL = 1093.049 + 0.441 * DB - WB

CH = 0.24 + 0.441 WS

WH = WS - CH * (DB - WB)/HL

2. PV = PB WH/ (0 .622 + WH)

3. PV = PVP - 5.704 * lO"'^ * PB * (DB - WB)/1.8

W (DB, WB, PB)

1. VP = PV (DB, WB, PB)

2. W = 0.622 + VP/(PB - VP)

H (DB, WB, PB)

H = 0.24 DB + (1061 + 0.444 * DB) -v W (DB, WB, PB)

V (DB, WB, PB)

1. WV = W (DB, WB, PB)

2. V = 0.754 >v (DB + 459.7) * (1 + 7000 * WV/4360)/PB

H (DB, DP, PB)

1. W = 0.622 * PVS(DP)/(PB-PVS(DP))

2. H = 0.24 * DB + (1061 + 0.444 * DB) * W

WB (H, PB)

1. If PB = 29 . 92 and H > 0

Let Y = log(H)

For H < 11.758

152a
WB = 0.6040 + 3.4841 * Y + 1.3601 * (Y**2) + 0.9731 (Y**3)

For H > 11.758

WB = 30.9185 - 39.682 * Y + 20.5841 * (Y**2) - 1.758 (Y**3)

If PB 29 . 92, or H ^ 0 solve the following equation by iterating WB

H = 0.24 WB + (1061 + 0.444 * WB) >v W (WB, WB, PB)

h. DP (PV)

1. Let Y = Log(PV)

If PV is less than 0.18036

DP = 71.98 + 24.873 * Y + 0.8927 * (Y^w.2

)

Otherwise

DP = 79.047 + 20.579 >v y + 1.8893 * (Y**2

)

Attached to this section are the Fortran listings of subroutines developed at the National Bureau of Standards which incorporate the psychrometric algorithms described above.

PVSF(X) corresponds to PVS (t)

DPF(PV) corresponds to DP (PV)

WBSF(H,PB) corresponds to WB (H, PB)

The routine entitled PSYl generates dewpoint temperature, vapor pressure, humidity ratio, enthalpy, specific volume, and relative humidity when

the dry-bulb temperature, wet -bulb temperature and the barometric pressure

are provided as input. This subroutine essentially combines all the algorithms described in this section. PSY2 is similar to PSYl except that the

dewpoint temperature is given in lieu of the wet-bulb temperature.

153a
SUBROUTINE PSYl (D8,inB,PB,0P,PV,W,H,V,RH)

THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES VAPOR PRESSURE(P\/).HUK.lDlTY RATIO (ft) ENTHALPY(H),VOLUMf(V), RELATIVE HMMIDITY(Rm) aNO DDE^-POINT

TEMPERATURE v^HEN THE DRY-BULR TEmpFRATURF{DB)|WET-BULB TEMPEKATUR

(A'B) AND BAROMETRIC PRE5Si)RE(pB) ar£ GIVEN

PVPsRVSPCAti)

IF(0B-W8)'^i'<.B

5 lft(ST AR = 0 , fc22*PvP /( PB-P VP

)

I F ( i^' B - 3 2 . ) 1 I 1 , ?

1 PV«PVP-5..70'4E-M»PB»(nB->'VB)/l,8

GO TO 3 ^ PVaPVP

6 0 TO 3 2 CnB=(0B-32»»/ltR

CA!B=(Wn-32«)/1.8

HL«597,3l+t],M'jn9«C0B-CWR

CHxa.24n2*n,*<Mn(?»A5TAR

EX»(iA;STAR-CH«(Cn8-Cwp)/HL)/n,A?2

PV = PR«EX/ ( I . +EX

)

3 A»0.622*PV/ ( PB-PV ) V = n.75H«(D8*M^9.7)*(i+7D0O»>f./M360)/PB

H = 0,2M»DB+( inAl+0,M44*DB)«<\

DP«DPF(PV)

RHaPV/PVSFlDR)

RETURN

END

SUBROUTINE PSY?(DB,0P,PB,A8,PV,«V,H,V,RH)

THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES THE E0LL0i"IN6S AH EN DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE

(OR), DEV. - POINT TEmPERATURE(OP),AND BAROmETPIC PRt;SSURE(PB) ARE GIVEN

AB WET-BULB TEMPERATURE

W HUMIDITY RaTiO

H ENTHALPY

V VOLUME

PV VAPOR PRESSURE

RH RELATIVE HUM I D I T

PVbPVSF ( OP ) PVS=PVSF ( DB

)

RH=PV/PVS

Wan,622»PV/(PB-PV)

V»0t75M*(DB + 459,7)«( l+70Cn«W/*436n)/PB

H = 0.2'<»DB*(10<Sl+0,44<4»DR)«iV

ir.^B = WBF(H,PB)

RETURN

END

154a
FU NCTIOM \A(BF(H,PB)

THIS PROGRAM APPrOxI'^ATES THE /lET-BULR TtMpERATURE WHEN

ENTHALPY AND BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ARE GIVEN

I F ( PB , NF . 29 , 92 ) GO TO 2

Y = L 0 G « M ) IF (H.tjT. 1 1 . 758 ) GO TO 3

lfl/BF = 0.60'41+3.q8Ml»Y+l,360WY»Y + 0.973O7«Y»Y»Y

60 TO M

3 sMBFoSO. 9185-39. A820n«Y>2O.S8'41*Y«Y-l ,7f^fi»Y»Y»Y

GO TO 4 2 W B 1 = 1 5 G . PVl=PVSF{'VBl>

Wl=n,622*PVl/(PR-PVl ) Xl=0.2M*iV61 + ( in^,l+0,M'<M«lWBl \ Y 1 aH-X I 9WB2=WBl-l

PV2»PVSF('AB2)

W2=0»622*PV2/(PR-PV2)

X2 = n.2*4»WB2+(in6l-t-0.HMM»'AB2)*iAi2

Y2»H-X2

IF(Y1*Y2) 6,7,8

B A B I » W B 2

r 1-Y2

GO TO 9 7 IF ( Yl ) 10,11,10

11 W B F A B I GO TO H 10 W 8 F » i B 2 GO TO M 6 Z=AB5 ( Y 1 /Y2

)

ABF»(WB2»Z+^81)/{1+Z)

M RETURN

END

FUNCTION DPF(PV)

THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE FOR GIVEN VAPqR PRESSURE

Y « L 0 G I P V ) IF{PV.GT. 0.1836) GO TOl

DPF = 7l.98-t-2H.873*Y*0,8927»Y«Y

GO TO 2

1 DPF = 79.0M7 + 30,579«Y+ 1 , 8893»Y»Y

2 re:turn

END

155a
FUNCTION PVSr(X)

DIMENSION' A(6)/-7,9n298,5.n280'>.-1.3Bl6F-7,11.3HM,8,l328E-3,-3.H91

l'49/,B('4)/-9,097i8, -3. Sfc6B'4,0, 876793, 0.nOAn273/,P(*<)

T»(X*'<'=.9.688)/1.8

IF(T.LT,2 7 3.16)GQT03

Z»373.16/T

P(n=A(l)«(Z-l)

P(2)=A(2)«L0Gin(Z)

P(3)=A(3)*(in»»?l-l)

71=A(6)«(Z-1)

P(<4)sA(5)*( in««7l-l ) GO TO H

3 Z»273.16/T

P(l)xB(ll*(Z-l)

P(2)=8(?)»L0G10(Z)

P(3)=B(3)«M-1/Z)

PiMjeLOGlQlBC^))

q SUMxG

DO 5 I » 1 , H

pvsF = 29 . 92 1 • 1 n* .Sum

RETURN

END

156a
Table A- 19

in. Hg,

DR w". DP RH

(%)

80.0 80.0 HO , 0 1 f) 0,0

80.0 79.0 7«. 7 9S, 7 80.0 78,0 77. 3 91.6

9.0 f) 77 0 76,0 8 7 . S

76,0 74 S H 3 , S

o . 'J 7R - n 73.1 79,6

80.0 74. 0 71.6 75.

H

80.0 73.

n

7n. 1 7?,0

80.0 7? . n 68,6 68,3

80.0 7 1 , n 67,0 64,7

80.0 7n , n 6"=;,

4

^ 1 . ? 80.0 69,0 63,7 ^7.8

80.0 68. 0 6?.0 54.4

80 . 0 67.0 60 . 3 51,1

«0 . 0 66,0 S3.

4

47, H

80.0 65.0 56.5 44,7

80.0 64, 0 54,5 41,6

80.0 63^0 5?.

5

3H,5

80,0 6? , 0 50 , 3 35,5

80.0 6] , 0 4W , 0 3?, 6

80.0 60,0 45,6 ?9, 7 80.0 S9,0 43,0 ?6,9

80.0 5«.n 40 , ? ?4,?

80.0 S7, 0 37, 3 ?1 .5

80.0 56, 0 34 , 0 1 8 , H

80.0 5^,0 30 ,4 16.2

80.0 54,0 ?6.7 13.7

PO.O 53. n ??.4 11.2

80.0 17,3 S.7

80.0 51 .n 10.7 6.3

80.0 50 ,0 1 .6 4.0

80.0 49, 0 -14,6 1.6

W H V

.0 323

.9883

.S^453

.9031

.^^619

.0 2223

.02125

.0 20 29

,01936

,01845

43.57

42.50

41,45

40 ,4 J 39,43

14.09

14,06

14,04

14,02

14,00

.H215

.7820

.743 3

. 7054

.6682

.0 1756

.0 1669

.015^4

.01502

.01421

38,45

37,50

36,5 7 35,67

34, 78

13,98

13,97

13.95

13,93

13.91

.6319

.5963

.5615

.5273

.4939

.0 1342

.01265

.0 1190

.01116

,01044

33,92

33,07

32,24

31,44

30,65

13.89

13.88

1 3.86

13.84

1 3.83

.461 1 .4290

.3976

,3668

,3366

,00974

,00905

,00833

,00772

,00708

29,88

29, 12

28. 39

27.66

26.96

13.81

13.80

13.78

13.77

13,76

,3070

,2780

,2495

,2216

, 1 943

,00645

,0 058 3 ,00523

,00464

, 0 040 7

26.27

25.60

24.94

24.29

23.66

13,74

13,73

13,71

13, 70

1 3.69

,167^

. 1412

, 1 1 54

.0900

.0652

,00350

,00295

,00241

.00188

.00136

23.04

22.43

21 .H4

21 .26

20.69

1 3,68

13,67

1 3,65

13,64

13,63

. 0408

.ni6Q

.00085

. 00 0 35

20. 1 3

19.59

13,62

13,61

157a
Table A-20

Moist Air Properties Calculated by the

Exact Goff-Gratch Method

PB = 29.92 in. Hg

DB WB DP RH

(%)

PV W H S V

80.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 1.0323 .02233 43.69 .0864 14.09

80.0 79.0 78.7 95.7 .9883 .02135 42.61 .0843 14.07

80.0 78.0 77.3 91.6 .9453 .02039 41.56 .0822 14.05

80.0 77.0 76.0 87.5 .9032 .01945 40.53 .0802 14.03

80.0 76.0 74.6 83.5 .8620 .01854 39.53 .0783 14.01

80.0 75.0 73.1 79.6 .8217 .01764 38.55 .0764 13.99

80.0 74.0 71.7 75.8 .7822 .01677 37.60 .0745 13.97

80.0 73.0 70.2 72.0 .7435 .01592 36.67 .0727 13.95

80.0 72.0 68.6 68.4 .7057 .01509 35.76 .0709 13.93

80.0 71.0 67.1 64.8 .6686 .01428 34.87 .0692 13.91

80.0 70.0 65.5 61.2 .6323 .01349 34.00 .0675 13.90

80.0 69.0 63.8 57.8 .5967 .01271 33.15 .0658 13.88

80.0 68.0 62.1 54.4 .5619 .01196 32.32 .0642. 13.86

80.0 67.0 60.3 51.1 .5278 .01122 31.51 .0626 13.85

80.0 66.0 58.5 47.9 .4944 .01050 30.72 .0610 13.83

80.0 65.0 56.6 44.7 .4617 .00979 29.95 .0595 13.81

80.0 64.0 54.6 41.6 .4296 .00910 29.19 .0581 13.80

80.0 63.0 52.5 38.6 .3982 .00843 28.45 .0566 13.78

80.0 62.0 50.4 35.6 .3674 .00777 27.73 .0552 13.77

80.0 61.0 48.1 32.7 .3372 .00712 27.02 .0538 13.76

80.

0

60.0 45 .6 29.8 .3077 .00649 26 .33 .0525 13.74

80.0 59,0 43.1 27.0 .2787 .00587 25.66 .0511 13.73

80.0 58.0 40.3 24.2 .2503 .0052 7 24.99 .0498 13.72

80.0 57.0 37.3 21.5 .2224 .00468 24.35 .0486 13.70

80.0 56.0 34 «0 18.9 .1951 .00410 23.71 .0473 13.69

80.0 55.0 30.5 16.3 .1683 .00353 23.09 .0461 13.68

80.0 54.0 26.8 13.8 .1420 .00293 22.49 .0449 13.67

80.0 53.0 22.6 11.3 .1162 .00244 21.89 .0438 13.65

80.0 52.0 17.5 8.8 .0910 .00191 21.31 .0426 13.64

80.0 51.0 11.0 6.4 .0662 .00138 20-. 74 .0415 13.63

80.0 50.0 2.0 4.1 .0418 .00087 20.18 .0404 13.62

158a
References

1. Kimura, K. , and Stephenson, D. G., "Solar Radiation on Cloudy Days",

ASHRAE Transaction, pp. 227-233, Part I, 1969.

2. Mitalas, G. P., and Stephenson, D. G., "Absorption and Transmission

of Thermal Radiation by Single and Double Glazed Windows", National

Research Council of Canada Report 7104, December 1962.

3. Stephenson, D. G., "Tables of Solar Altitude, Azimuth, Intensity,

and Heat Gain Factors for Latitudes from 43 to 55 Degrees North",

National Research Council of Canada, Division of Building Research,

Technical Paper No. 243, April 1967.

4. Groth, C. C, and Lokmanhekim, M. , "Shadow - A New Technique for the

Calculation of Shadow Shapes and Areas by Digital Computer", Second

Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Honolulu, Hawaii,

January 22-24, 1969.

5. Sun, Tseng-Yao, "Shadow Area Equations for Window Overhangs and Side

Fins and Their Application in Computer Calculation", ASHRAE Semiannual

meeting, Columbus, Ohio, February 5-8, 1968, Paper No. 2059.

6. Ito, N., and Kimura, K., "Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient at the

Exterior Surface of Buildings Exposed to Natural Wind", (Japanese),

Transaction of Japanese Society of Architectural Engineering , 1968.

7. Robinson, H. E. and F. J. Powell, "Thermal Resistance of Air Spaces

and Fibrous Insulation Bounded by Reflective Surfaces", Building Material and Structures Report 151, National Bureau of Standards, 1957.

159a
8. Stephenson, D. G., and Mitalas, G. P., "Calculation of Heat Conduction Transfer Functions for Multi-Layer Slabs", ASHRAE Transactions ,

Vol. 77, Part II, 1971.

9. Car slaw, H. S., and Jaeger, J. C, Conduction of Heat in Solids , Second Edition, 1959, page 326, Oxford at the Clarendon Press.

10. Mitalas, G. P. and J. G. Arseneault , "Fortran IV Program to Calculate

Heat Flux Response Factors for Multi-layer Slabs, DBR Computer Program No. 23, National Research Council of Canada, 1967.

11. Kusuda, T., "Thermal Response Factors for Multi-layer Structures of

Various Heat Conduction Systems", ASHRAE Transactions , pp. 250-269,

Part I, 1969.

12. Hoglund, B. I., Mitalas, G. P., and Stephenson, D. G., "Surface Temperatures and Heat Fluxes for Flat Roofs", Journal of Building Science ,

Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 29-36, January 1967.

13. Stephenson, D. G. and Mitalas, G. P., "Cooling Load Calculations by

Thermal Response Factor Method", ASHRAE Semiannual Meeting, Detroit,

Michigan, January 20 - February 2, 1967, Paper No. 2 018.

14. Mitalas, G. P. and Stephenson, D. G., "Room Thermal Response Factors",

ASHRAE Transactions, P III 2 . 1 - 2 . 10, Part I, 1967.

15. Tamura, G. , "Computer Analysis of Smoke Control with Building Air

Handling Systems", ASHRAE Journal , pp. 46-54, August 1972.

16. Bailey, A., and Vincent, N. D. G., "Wind-Pressure on Buildings Including Effects of Adjacent Buildings", Journal, Institute of Civil

Engineers, Vol. 2 0, No. 8, October, 1943.

160a
17. Kusuda, T., "Algorithms for Psychrometric Calculations", Building

Science Series 21 , National Bureau of Standards, January 1970.

18. Tamura, G. T. and Wilson, A. G., "Building Pressures Caused by Chimney Action and Mechanical Ventilation", ASHRAE 74th Annual Meeting,

Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 26-28, 1967, Paper No. 2047.

19. Brown, G., "Heat Transfer at Exterior Surfaces of Buildings", (Swedish), Transactions of National Swedish Coun. Building Res. , Stockholm 27, 1956.

20. Brown, K. M. , and Conte, S. D., "The Solution of Simultaneous Nonlinear Equations", Proceedings of 22nd National Conference, Association for Computing Machinery , pp. 111-114, 1967.

21. Haurwitz 5 B., "Insolation in Relation to Cloudiness and Cloud Density", Journal of Meteorology , Vol. 9, No. 4, September 1946.

22. Kimura, K. and Stephenson, D. G., "Theoretical Study of Cooling Load

Caused by Lights", ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Lake Placid, New York,

June 24-26, 1968, Paper No. 2 087.

23. Mitalas, G. P., "An Experimental Check on the Weighting Factor Method of Calculating Room Cooling Load", ASHRAE Transactions , 1969.

24. Mitalas, G. P., "Calculation of Transient Heat Flow Through Walls

and Roofs", ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Lake Placid, New York, June 24-

26, 1968, Paper No. 2086.

25. Sun, Tseng-Yao, "Computer Evaluation of the Shadow Area on a Window

Cast by the Adjacent Building", prepared for submission as a paper

in the future.

26. Threlkeld, J. L., "Thermal Environmental Engineering", Prentice Hall,

1970.

161a

8 . Appendix B

Weighting Factor Method of Calculating

Heating and Cooling Loads and Space Temperature^

This section was prepared by D. G. Stephenson and G. Mitalas of the

National Research Council of Canada for the ASHRAE Task Group on En

ergy Requirements for Heating and Cooling.

The weighting factor method is based on the assumption that the heat

transfer processes occurring in a room can be described by linear equations;

and thus that the superposition principle can be used for the calculation

of cooling load and space temperature. This means that the relationship

between any excitation (e.g., power input to lights) and the corresponding

component of the cooling load can be expressed in the form of a characteristic transfer function. Once all the transfer functions have been determined for a room, they can be used to calculate the response to any excitation. The weighting factors are a convenient way of representing these

characteristic transfer functions for a room: they relate the Z-transforms

of the excitations to the Z-transforms of the corresponding cooling load

components.

^ ^ 1, 2 / The Z- transform—^

When a continuous signal, f(t), is sampled at regular intervals of A,

the output of the sampling device is a train of pulses as shown in Figure

Bl, The Laplace transform of this output signal is

f (o) + f (A)e'^^ + f (2A)e"^^^ + (1)

sA

If Z is substituted for e , the transform of the output from the sampler

is

f(o) + f(A)z"-'- + f(2A)z'^ + (2)

This polynomial in Z is the Z-transform of the function f(t). The chief

advantage of this type of transform is that it can be obtained just by sampling the function at regular intervals: the successive outputs being the

coefficients of successive powers of Z in the Z-transform.

lb
Signal Supplied

to Sampler

0 A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A tFigure B-1 Pulse Representation of a Continuous Function

2b
If both the input and output of a system are expressed in terms of

their Z-transforms , the ratio of the output/input is a Z-transfer function

for the system. Assuming that such a transfer function, K(Z), can be found,

and that it can be expressed as the ratio of two polynomials in -Z

-1 -2

a„ + a,Z + a„Z + . .

.

i.e., UZ) - — ^

(3)

bQ + b^Z + b2Z + . .

.

it follows that 0(Z), the Z-transform of the output that results from an

input represented by I (Z) is

0(Z) = K(Z) . I(Z) (4)

Both sides of this equation are polynomials so the coefficients of the

various powers of Z must be the same on the two sides of the equation.

Thus, equating the coefficients of Z gives

0 'b =1 - a +1 'ai+I ^ ' + . .

.

n o n o n-i 1 n-2 2

- [0 - . b, + 0 - . b„ + . . .} (5) n-1 1 n-2 2

where the subscript n on 0 and I indicates the value of the function at

t = nA, i.e., 0^ is the coefficient of Z in the Z-transform 0(Z). This

expression relates the output at any time t = nA to the input at that time

and the values of the input and output at earlier times. The coefficients

a^, a,, ... and b^, b^ contain all the characteristics of the system.

3b
Cooling Load, Heat Extraction and Room Temperature

Using the Z-transfer functions approach, the cooling load is the

output that results from the input, which is the heat gain. The weighting factor sets are the transfer functions relating the cooling loads to

heat gains. The procedure for calculating cooling load is, therefore,

first to calculate the various components of the heat gain, and then to

combine them with the appropriate weighting factor sets to obtain the

cooling load. An expression like equation (5) is used to compute each

component of the cooling load.

The cooling load of a space depends on both the magnitude and the

nature of its excitations (i.e., outside air temperature, direct and

diffuse solar radiation, electric energy input to lights, etc.). The

resulting cooling load also depends on the location of the element that

absorbs the energy of the excitation. For example, the cooling load profile resulting from one unit of solar radiation absorbed by the window

glass is quite different from that of one unit of solar radiation absorbed by the floor surface. To shorten the computation of cooling load,

the heat gain must be subdivided into a limited number of components.

For example, the total heat gain by a space can be represented by the

following components:

(1) Heat gain through window. (HEATG and HEATG)

(2) Heat gain through exterior walls and roofs. (HEATX)

(3) Total power input to lights. (HEATIS)

(4) Heat gain through doors, partitions, underground walls

and floors, and due to internal heat sources other than

lights. (HEATDP)

4b
(5) Sensible heat gain due to infiltration. (HEATVS)

Each of these heat gain components is calculated on the basis of a

constant air temperature in the space. The actual air temperature generally deviates from this reference value, and consequently the rate of

heat extraction from the space, HE, differs from the cooling load. The

calculation of actual room air temperature and heat extraction rate is

the final step in the sequence of calculation: in this case, the previously calculated cooling load is the input along with the characteristics

of the air conditioning unit; and heat extraction rate and air temperature are the outputs. If this transfer function is expressed in the form

HE - CL ^ -j /I ^ " -i = Ex. z -^/l + Z y . z

-J, o

J 1

J

or

HE^ = CL^ ^

''j *

^n-j - * (TMn-j " ^^n- j > >

where 6 is the deviation of actual air temperature from the reference

value used to calculate the heat gains.

The heat extraction rate given by equation (6) must match the rate

given by the characteristic of the air conditioning unit. For example,

a cooling unit with a simple proportional control system has a characteristic of the form

HE = C + D * 6 (7) n n

where

C = heat extraction rate of the unit operating in a room

at the reference temperature

5b
D = change in the rate of heat extraction caused by one

degree rise in room air temperature

Equations (6) and (7) can be combined to give an explicit expression

for 6 n V w

CL - C+ Sx.*6 .-!:y.*(HE .-CL .)

6 = 1

J 1J "'J (8)

D - X

o

and then equation (7) can be used to evaluate HE . n Equation (8) can be used to calculate 6^ even if the cooling equipment is off: when the equipment is not operating, C and D are both zero.

Calculation of Room Weighting Factors

The calculation of the room weighting factors is based on the solu3 4/ tion of a set of heat balance equations for all the room air—^— (RMTMP),

A computer program for evaluating weighting factors has been developed by

the National Research Council of Canada—^, based on the procedure given

in Reference 4

.

Three different groups of room weighting factor sets are computed by

this program:

(1) The first group is very large, consisting of a set of

factors for each excitation at each surface.

(2) The second group combines all of the sets in group 1

that pertain to diffuse solar radiation into a single

set; it combines all of the sets for direct solar radiation incident on the room surfaces other than inside

window pane, floor, and furniture into another combined set; and lastly, it combines all the sets that

6b
pertain to excitation by the power supplied to the

lights into a single set,

(3) The third group of factors carry the consolidation

of the various sets of the limit : there is just one

set of factors for each component of heat gain.

It is not intended that the first group should be used directly for

room cooling or heating load calculations, as the second group give essentially the same results with considerably less computation—''. The

further simplication provided by the use of the third group require that

the following assumptions be made:

(1) That the heat gain through room envelope components

can be calculated with sufficient accuracy using combined inside surface heat transfer coefficient and

that the room weighting factors are the same for heat

gain through window, opaque outside wall, corridor

wall and a roof.

(2) That the fraction of the solar radiation absorbed

by the window glass and shade, and transmitted directly into the room as well as the portions absorbed

by various room surfaces and furniture are constant

during the day.

It is probable that the first assumption will not introduce signifi

cant errors; however, the second assumption is questionable. At this

time, research information is lacking to establish the possible magnitude of the error introduced by this assumption.

7b
The procedures given in this report to convert room excitation to

cooling load and heat extraction are based on the third group of room

weighting factors, i.e., RMRG, RMEIX, RMRT and RMITS. In addition, simplified procedures are given for the calculation of the RMRT and RMRTS

sets. If the highest possible precision is important, weighting factors

in the second group should be used.

References

(1) T. R. Ragazzini and G. F. Franklin, "Sampled-Data Control Systems",

McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1958.

(2) E. I. Jury, "Theory and Application of the Z-transform Method", Wiley,

1964.

(3) D. G. Stephenson and G. P. Mitalas, "Cooling Load Calculations by

Thermal Response Factor Method", ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 73, Part

1, 1967.

(4) G. P. Mitalas and D. G. Stephenson, "Room Thermal Response Factors",

ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 33, Part 1, 1967.

(5) G. P. Mitalas and J. G. Arseneault, "Fortran IV Program to Calculate

Weighting Factors for a Room".

(6) G. P. Mitalas, "An Experimental Check on the Weighting Factor Method

of Calculating Room Cooling Load", presented at ASHRAE Denver Meeting, 1969.

(7) G. P. Mitalas, "Calculations of Transient Heat Flow Through Walls

and Roofs, ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 74, Part II, 1968.

8b
(8) D. G. Stephenson and G. P. Mitalas, "Transient Heat Conduction

Through Walls and Roofs, prepared for submission to the International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.

(9) T. Kusuda, "Thermal Response Factors for Multi-layer Structures

of Various Heat Conduction Systems", presented at ASHRAE Chicago

Meeting, 1969.

(10) G. P. Mitalas and J. G. Arseneault, "Fortran IV Program to Calculate Heat Flux Response Factors for Multi-layer Slabs, DBR

Computer Program No. 23, National Research Council of Canada,

1967.

9b

9. Appendix C

NBSLD Data Forms

NBSLD in a Time-Sharing System

Recently, the General Services Administration of the federal government has subscribed to a time-sharing system called INFONET , which has

in turn made the use of NBSLD practical on a time-sharing system (see

figure on page 3c).

Entire subroutines and several main programs, which are parts of

NBSLD, have all been placed into INFONET and are now accessible to the

various government agencies through teletype terminals.

Some of the attractive features of the INFONET system are;

1. Data files for input and output can be created separately

from the execution of a main program such that computer

time does not have to be sacrificed by the slowness of

handling these data. (This is a common problem for heating/cooling load calculation programs.) An input data

file can be created, edited and stored for use by a main

program, while an output file of intermediate and detailed

results can be created in mass storage for later inspection without prolonging the computation time. When a final output is questionable, the analyst can examine the

input as well as the intermediate output in detail simply

by calling these data files independently.

2. After the execution of a program, the analyst can call

for specific values of variables without adding special

instructions in the main program to type out these variables .
3. The editing of a program as well as the data files can

be made in such a manner that the deletion, addition,

or alteration of statements or lines can be made without retyping the entire line.

4. All sub-programs are independently filed, compiled and

available to any main program in the same library by an

elaborate linking routine. Psychrometric routines, solar heat gain routines, transient heat conduction routines and weather data decoding routines can thus be

used by many different main programs.

This time-sharing system is therefore very well suited for design

calculations where many different alternatives for building construction

such as the area of glass, shading of the windows and thermal mass of

the internal structures are to be evaluated as to how they affect heating/cooling loads or energy requirements.

2c
NBSLD on INFONET

WEATHER

DATA TAPE

INPUT

DATA FILES

{habitability

{analysis

SYSTEM

SIMULATION

Jenergy

icalculation

I ECONOMIC

ANALYSIS

OUTPUT

DATA FILES

3c
A copy of the NBSLD subroutines and main program may be obtained

through the INFONET system as follows:

IU$TDEF,SAVE^RT0105 (A: space)

: DEVICES,QUEUE, 1 A

(Wait for allocation if REQUEST QUEUED by periodically typing

IDEVICES)

: COPY , IN , EVERY^RT0105^-PNC , -REL , -XQT

RT0105 is the transportable tape containing all the subroutines

and the NBSLD main program, sample data, and sample output.

Sample data file: NBSBLl

Output file: RESULT

The tape also contains the weather decoding routines.

4c
Introduction

This manual contains the input data forms with instructions for

preparing data needed to perform heating and cooling load calculations

using NBSLD.

In addition, the manual contains engineering data needed for the

computations so that the use of other handbooks or references are generally unnecessary. The required numerical data are to be filled into

blank spaces provided on each DATA SHEET and then each sheet can be used

directly at a computer terminal or to produce a data card if the program

is being run in "batch mode" at a central facility.

5c
General Instruction

Figure C-1 shows the flow diagram or sequence for the data preparation.

Schedule Profile data sheets A, B, C and D are prepared for a building and are assumed the same for all zones or rooms within the building.

DATA SHEETS 1 through 3 are prepared for each different building,

thus need not be repeated for the analysis of rooms within the same buildDATA SHEETS 6 and 7 usually need to be prepared only for the first

room of the building, because other rooms that follow in the same building usually employ the same wall, roof, and floor constructions.

When two rooms have identical shape and construction and differ only

in orientation, the second room is considered to be rotated with respect

to the first room and requires only DATA SHEETS 4 and 5.

6c
DATA SHEET PREPARATION GUIDE

Terminal Data

Building Name

Are the scheJules different from those used 1n the previous building calculation?

Schedule Data A, B, C Sheet

No

DATA SHEET 1 . 2. 3

> 4

1 DATA SHEET 4 and 5

No

Is the room different from the previous room except its orientation?

No

a

Are the Wa 1 1 / Roof / Fl oor data used in the previous calculations different from those to be used for this room?

DATA SHEET 6 and 7

Are all the Wa 11 /Roof /Fl oor data prepared? >

No

Blank Card

DATA SHEET 9 , 10

No DATA SHEET 1.1 . 12

Are all the data for room surfaces completed?

DATA SHEET 13

No <I

Is this the Design Day Calculation? D

DATA SHEET 14

Are all the rooms In the building completed?

No,,

Blank

7c
Operational Data

RUNID: Index for the calculation of Conduction Transfer Functions:

RUNID = 1 if the load calculation being made for this particular run requires the generation of Conduction Transfer

Functions for the walls, roof, ceilings and floors in the

building. The Conduction Transfer Functions generated during the run will be stored in tape unit 8 for the future

rerun.

RUNID = 2 if the Conduction Transfer Functions have already

been calculated and stored in tape unit 8 and this particular run does not require the generation of new Conduction

Transfer Functions.

RUNTYP : Index for the types of calculations to be performed:

RUNTYP = 1 if the calculation is for the hour by hour determination of heating and cooling load for a specified

period by making use of weather data tape (unit 7).

RUNTYP = 2 if the calculation is for the design heating and

cooling load. A weather data tape is not required for this

run

.

ASHRAE: Index for the weighting factor usage:

ASHRAE = 0 if the Weighting Factor Method of the ASHRAE

Task Group is replaced by a more exact calculation procedure developed at the National Bureau of Standards.

8c
ASHRAE = 1 if the Weighting Factor Method of the ASHRAE

Task Group is used to convert the heat gains and losses

to loads. (incomplete)

IDETAL: Index for the output specification:

IDETAL = 0 if output of the run is only the daily maximum

and the daily total heating and cooling loads.

IDETAL = 1, output of the run will display input data and

details of intermediate results such as Conduction Transfer Functions, Radiation heat exchange factors, solar radiation and solar heat gain.

METHOD: Index for the treatment of room surface radiation heat

exchange calculation:

METHOD = 0 if the radiation exchange among the room surfaces are treated individually on room by room basis.

METHOD = 1 if a building zone is treated as a box and all

the interior partition walls and floor /ceiling sandwich

constructions are treated as a single slab to be distributed uniformly on the floor of the box as an extra layer

for that floor. (incomplete)

RFMTAP : Tape drive unit number for the tape to be used by the system simulation program of Ross F. Meriwether. If no tape

is needed, RFMTAP =0.

9c
(integer variables)

RUNID RUNTYP ASHRAE IDETAL METHOD RFMTAP

10c
Building Name

NAMEBD

Identification of the job, name of the building, address or other

pertinent information may be used within the limit of 34 alphabetical/

numerical characters.

NAMEBD

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2627 28 29 30 31 32 33 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 X

Start from Column 3 (Alphanumeric data)

11c
Schedule Profile-A

QLITX: Normalized* daily schedule (24-hour profile) or power input

for lighting during, the weekdays.

QEQUX: Normalized* daily schedule (24-hour profile) of power input

for electrical appliances and other equipment (other than

those involved for heating/cooling equipment) during the

weekdays

.

QOCUP: Normalized* daily schedule (24-hour profile) of occupancy

(number of adults) during the weekdays.

QLITX

QEQUX

Having a value between 0 and 1.

12 c
1

a.

IDO

o

o

13c
Schedule Profile-B*

QLITX' , QEQUX', QOCUP ' are the same as QLITX, QEQUX and QOCUP respectively except that these data are for the weekends.

QLITX*

QEQUX'

QOCUP*

These data should be all zero for the design day calculation.
Schedule Profile-C^'

QLITX", QEQUX", QOCUP" are the same as QLITX, QEQUX, and QOCUP respectively except that these data are for the holidays. ,

QLITX"

QEQUX"

QOCUP'

* These data should be all zero for the design day calculations.

15 c
Schedule Profile-D

Room Temperature and Humidity Schedule

RMDBS : 24 hour profile of room thermostat setting during the occu

pied cooling day, °F.

RMDBW : 24 hour profile of room thermostat setting during the occu

pied heating day, °F.

RMDBWO : Lower limit on room thermostat setting during the unoccupied heating day, °F. (See Figure C4 in Data Sheet 11.)

RMDBSO: Upper limit on room thermostat setting during the unoccupied cooling day, °F. (See Figure C4 in Data Sheet 11.)

RHW: Lower limit on room relative humidity setting during the

heating days, %.

RHS : Upper limit on room relative humidity setting during the

cooling days, %.

16 c
CO

CDQ

CDQ

q:

RHS

RHW

RMDBSO

RMDBWO

17c
Data Sheet 1*

NDAY: Number of days for which the calculations are to be performed .

NSKIP : Number of days to be skipped in case the computation does

not start from the first day of the weather tape, which

is usually 00 hour, of January 1 if standard NCC 1440

tape is used.

TAPE 2: Tape unit or file number for the output tape, if 0 an

output tape or file is not produced. The output tape

or file contains the hourly load and weather data needed

for the system simulation.

NDAY NSKIP TAPE 2

(integer data)

For the design calculation or when RUNTYP is 2, all three variable

listed here can be input as 0.

18c
Data Sheet 2*

Month: Month for which the calculation is to be done.

Day: Day of the month on which the calculation is to be done.

ELAPS : Number of days elapsed from January 1 to reach the design day. For example, it is 2 01 for July 21 of a nonleap year

.

DBMAX: Maximum outdoor temperature of the design day for cooling (see Table Cl which has been taken from the 1972

ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals).

RANGE: Daily range of the outdoor temperature during the design

day, °F, (see Table Cl).

WBMAX: Summer design wet -bulb temperature, °F, (see Table Cl).

DBMWT: Design outdoor air temperature for the heating load calculation, °F, (see Table Cl).

TGS : Summer design ground temperature, °F, (see Table Cl).

TGW: Winter design ground temperature, °F, (see Table Cl).

If a weather tape is being used and a conventional design calculation

is not being done, all variables listed here can be input as 0 except

TGS, TGW and UG.

19c
UG: Ground heat transfer coefficient for design heating load

calculations based upon Chapter 21, 1972 ASHRAE Handbook

of Fundamentals, Btuh* , (use 0.1 if uncertain).

MONTH DAY ELAPS DBMAX RANGE WBMAX DBMWT TGS TGW UG

Btuh = Btu per (hr) (sq . ft.) (°F).

20c
Data Sheet 3

LONG: Longitude of the building location, degrees.

LAT: Latitude of the building location, degrees (see Table Cl)

TZN : Time zone number

:

5 Eastern Standard time zone.

6 Central Standard time zone.

7 Mountain Standard time zone.

8 Pacific Standard time zone.

ZLF: Building exterior wall perimeter, ft."

RHOW: Outdoor air relative humidity for a design heating load

calculation, %.

(real variable)

LONG LAT TZN ZLF RHOW

For interior space, use the perimeter bounded by non-air conditioned

spaces

.

The value of ZLF is needed only when ASHRAE =1. If the value is un- known use ZLF = 10. For the case ASHRAE = 0 use ZLF = 0.

21c
Data Sheet 4

NAMERM

After this card, the data that follow will refer to this specific

room or space in the building.

NAME OF THE ROOM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 X

Start from Column 3

(Alphanumeric data; 34 columns maximum)

22c
Data Sheet 5

IROT : Room rotation index:

=0: if the room load is to be calculated without reference to any previously described room.

= number of degrees: if this room is to be the same as

the previous room except for rotation clockwise a

specified number of integer degrees.

ISKIP: Wall/Roof/Floor construction data skip:

=0: if the room requires a new set of wall/roof /floor

construction data.

=1: if the wall/roof /floor data used by the previous

room is reused for this room. If ISKIP = 1, data

sheets 6 and 7 should be omitted.

INCLUD: Space load summation index:

= 1: space load not included in the summation.

= 0: space load included in a summation of the space

load of the previous room.

(integer variables)

IROT ISKIP INCLUD

23c
Data Sheet 6

Wall /Roof /Floor -A

N: Number of layers of composition in a given wall/roof /floor construction.

By referring to the data of Table C3 (taken from the 1972 ASHRAE

Handbook of Fundamentals), give the following information for each of

the layers starting from the innermost layer to the Nth layer, which is

the outermost layer.

L: Thickness of the layer, ft.

K: Thermal conductivity of the layer, Btuh per (hr) (ft) (°F).

P: Density of the layer material, lb per cu. ft.

C: Specific heat of the layer material, Btu per (lb) (°F).

R: Thermal resistance value of the layer in (hr) (sq. ft,) (°F) per

Btu.

For the calculation where the ASHRAE weighting factor method is used

(ASHRAE = 1), the innermost layer is always the inside surface thermal

resistance. If ASHRAE = 0, omit the inside surface thermal resistance.

Outside surface thermal resistance is never used in all cases.

The value of R is to be given only when the layer has no apparent

thermal mass. If the value of L, K, P, and C are given, R should be zero.

If R is given, L, K, P, and C should all be zero, in particular, L should

be zero even if it is physically non-zero. For the ground floor, add a

finite thickness slab consisting of a 12" thick earth layer.

24c
Note: (1) At least one of the N layers should have non-zero values

of L, K, P, and C.

(2) If two or more consecutive layers have no thermal mass,

their thermal resistance values should be combined.

(3) If a particular wall is considered to have no appreciable thermal mass, or if it is desired not to consider

the thermal mass effect, data for this particular wall

should not be included in the data sheets.

(4) If roof is over attic space the innermost (first) layer

should be inside thermal resistance in all cases.

IRP'^

1

( Liiteger

)

N

(real number)

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

IRF is not the input data in this data sheet. It is the identifier

of the particular wall in the sheet.

25c
Data Sheet 7

Wall/Roof /Floor-B

Twenty-four characters are allowed for the brief description of each

layer, such as "common brick" or "1/2" plaster board", etc.

The description should identify the corresponding layer given on

Data Sheet 6.

The set of wall/roof /floor data and accompanying description will be

repeated as many times as there are number of different wall/roof /floor

constructions (with an upper limit of 9) pertinent to the room under consideration. Each new set of wall/roof /floor construction will be identified by the IRF number on DATA SHEET 6 (upper right hand corner).

After the last wall/roof /floor has been given, provide a line with

0 or a blank card to indicate that fact.

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if this is the last wall/roof/floor

(Alphanumeric information)

26c
Data Sheet 6

IRF

2

N

L K P C R

Ist LAYER - innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

!

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER I THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if his is the last wal /roof/floor

{Alphanumeric information)

27c
Data Sheet 6

IRF

3

N

M LAfrlEiR - ifmtnermost ZmallLAfTlBR

4#i LAfrlER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if 1this is the last wal /roof/floor

1 (Alphanumeric information)

28c
Data Sheet 6

IRF

4

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER - innermost

2TOd LAYER

3pd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card If this is the last wall/roof/floor

(Alphanumeric information)

2 9c
Data Sheet 6

IRF

5

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER- iirtner most

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blan k card if 1 his is t he last wal /roof/f loor

1 1 (Alphanumeric information)

30c
Data Sheet 6

IRF

6

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if 1\h\s is t lie last wal /roof/f loor

1 1 (Alphanumeric information)

31c
Data Sheet 6 IRF

7

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER - innermost

2ndiLAYER

3rd LAYER

41'h LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER I THROUGH LAYER M

——

Blank card if 1 his is t he last wal /roof/floor

1 (Alphanumeric information)

32 c
Data Sheet 6

Wall/Roof/Floor-A IRF

8

N

L K P C R

ist LAYER- inoer most

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if this is t he last wal /roof/f loor

1

I -.J 1 {Alphanumeric information)

33c
Data Sheet 6

IRF*

9

N

L K P C R

1st LAYER- innermost

2nd LAYER

3rd LAYER

4th LAYER

Nth LAYER

Data Sheet 7

DESCRIPTION FOR LAYER 1 THROUGH LAYER N

Blank card if this is t he last wal /roof/floor

1 (Alphanumeric information)

IRF should not exceed 9 since IRF = 10 is reserved for very lightweight

walls, doors and windows in Data Sheet 11.

34c
Data Sheet 8

ROOMNO: Room identification number.

QLITY: Maximum lighting power input to the room, expressed as watts

per sq . ft. of floor area (see Table C4).

QEQPX: Maximum electric power input for the appliances and other

equipment in the room exclusive of the heating and air conditioning equipment, expressed as watts per sq . ft. of floor

area (see Table C4).

QCU: Maximum number of adult occupants in the room during the

day (count a child as 0.5).

FLCG: Fraction of electric power for lighting which can be assumed

to go directly to the return air.

FRAS: Fraction of internal heat gains which can be assumed to be

absorbed by the room surfaces instantaneously (as a result

of radiation).

TS : Upper temperature limit on outdoor air which can be brought

in during the occupied period to reduce the cooling load

(NVENT = 1). (See Data Sheet 16.)

CFMS : Flow rate of outdoor air introduced for natural cooling

purposes, cu. ft. per minute, when ambient temperature is

less than TS (NVENT = 1). This data should be zero when

RUNTYP (page 8c) = 1. (See Data Sheet 16.)

35c
ARCHGS : Infiltration in terms of number of air changes per hour

during the summer* months

.

ARCHGW: Infiltration in terms of number of air changes per hour

during the winter*-' months.

ARCHGM: Minimum infiltration in terms of air changes per hour

when ARCHGS = 0 and ARCHGW =0.

ZNORM: Number of rooms of the same type being described in the

building

.

June through September

.

October through May.

ROOMNO QLITY QEQPX QCU FLCG FRAS TS CFMS ARCHGS ARCHGW

ARCHGM ZNORM

36c
Data Sheet 9

IW: Building weight index:

IW = 1 Heavy structure (approximately 70 lb per sq . ft.

of floor use or above).

IW = 2 Medium weight structure (between 30 and 70 lb per

sq . ft. of floor area).

IW = 3 Lightweight structure (below 30 lb per sq . ft. of

floor area).

IL: Lighting fixture index.

ISTART: Starting hour of occupancy.

ILEAVE: Ending hour of occupancy.

37c
LJ 00

UJo<

Q.<z

_JLUO oOOOoooo o

_i

LiJ OQ

LdQZ

UJ

Q.CO

ZD

(/)

Q ^ ro

UJ > ^ M > -J UJ Q

ui <

UI> 3

IUl

a:

Q

UI

I->

CO

_J

COUJ

cc3

h-Xo

If) UJ

tro

_i

38c
Data Sheet 10

Temperature Control Data

TUL: Upper limit of thermostat, above which the room requires

cooling, °F, during occupied period.

TLL: Lower limit of thermostat, below which the room requires

heating, °F, during occupied period.

QCMAX: Maximum sensible cooling capacity of the room air supply

system, Btu per hour (for the design load calculation

this data should be sufficiently large so that it will

not be exceeded by the peak cooling load . . . non-negative value when ITHST = 0 and ITK = 0 on Sheet 11).

QHMAX: Maximum sensible heating capacity of the room air supply

system, Btu per hour (for the design load calculation

this data should be sufficiently large so that it will

not be exceeded by the peak heating load . . . non-negative value when ITHST = 0 and ITK = 0 on Sheet 11).

DBVMAX: Maximum outdoor temperature when the natural cooling by

ventilation is used.

DBVMIN: Minimum outdoor temperature, below which the natural

cooling cycle is disengaged.

39c
TUL TLL QCMAX QHMAX DBVMAX DBVMIN

40c
Data Sheet 11

Temperature Control Indices, ITHST and ITK

ITHST = 1, ITK = 0: The hourly profile of room temperature, either

constant or night setback, is prescribed . .

.

Figure C2

.

ITHST = 0, ITK = 1: The room temperature is to be calculated for

the room which is neither heated nor cooled

. . . Figure C3

.

ITHST = 1, ITK = 1: The upper and lower limit of the room temperature are given. The room will be heated if

the room temperature falls below the lower

limit TLL and the room is cooled if the room

temperature rises above the upper limit TUL.

As long as the room temperature is between

these two limits, the room is neither heated

nor cooled ... Figure C4

.

ITHST = 0, ITK = 0: The same as above except that the maximum capacities of heating and cooling systems are

introduced. If the room heating and cooling

loads exceed the system heating and cooling

capacities respectively, the room temperature

drift from the set points TLL and TUL is calculated ... Figure C5

.

41c
ITHST ITK

42 c
(1) CONSTANT TEMPERATURE MODE

(ITHST-I)

ITK =0

TSET

TIME

Figure C2

(2) FLOATING TEMPERATURE MODE

(ITHST = 0

ITK=I

43<
(3) PRESCRIBE TEMPERATURE LIMIT MODE

(ITHST = I ) 4 (ITKsl)

kJ

IRMDBSO

TUL

TLL

RMDBWO

(4) CONTROL SIMULATION MODE

(ITHST = 0) ^'fl"""* C4

(ITK =0)

Figure C5

44c
Data Sheet 12

NS: Number of different type heat transfer surfaces in the south wall

NW: Number of different type heat transfer surfaces in the west wall.

NN : Number of different type heat transfer surfaces in the north wall,

NE : Number of different type heat transfer surfaces in the east wall.

L: Length of the room along the south wall, ft.

W: Width of the room along the west wall, ft.

H: Height of the room ft.

.windows

windows

door

North Wall

West t Wall W

i

•m L —

East

Wall Celling

South Wall

Note: Number of heat transfer surfaces should not exceed 1 for the

ceiling and for the floor.

45c
(integers )*

NS NW NN NE

L W H

(real values)

NS + NW + NN + NE should not exceed 2 8.

46c
Data Sheet 13*

ITYPE : Exposure surface type index:

=1 if roof.

=2 if exterior wall.

=3 if window or glass door.

=4 if door.

=5 if floor on ground or basement wall.

=6 if partition walls, party walls, floor/ceiling, furnishings and other internal mass. =7 if completely open.

=8 if the adjacent space is not air conditioned and will be

considered as having a temperature the same as the outdoors .

IRF: Roof /wall/floor construction identifier index shown in

the upper right corner of the roof /wall/floor data sheet

6. If not applicable (such as the cases for lightweight

walls, doors and windows), which are not specified in

data sheets 6 and 7. IRF = 10.

A: Area of the surface, sq . ft.

AZW: Surface orientation angle, degrees clockwise from south:

0 for south facing surface, roof /ceiling or floor.

45 for southwest facing surface.

See note on data sheet 14.

47c
90 for west facing surface.

135 for northwest facing surface.

180 for north facing surface.

-135 for northeast facing surface.

-90 for east facing surface .

U: Overall heat transfer coefficient of a surface (Btuh) for

which the data for roof /wall/floor are not provided (IRF =

10). For the surface for which roof /wall/floor data are

provided (IRF i- 10), U should be zero because it will be

computed in the program.

SHADE: Shading coefficient for the ITYPE = 3 surface (window or

glass door) (see Table C5 which has been taken from the

1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals). For all other

types of surfaces, this parameter should be zero.

ABSP : Solar absorption coefficient for the exterior surface

(see Table C6 which has been taken from Thermal Radiation Properties Survey , G. G. Gubareff, J. E. Jansen,

and R. H. Torborg, Honeywell Research Center, 1960).

This value should be zero for the surfaces of ITYPE = 3,5,6 and 7 , and 8

.

SHDW; Shadow parameter = 1 if completely shaded by an adjacent

building or an external shading device; = 0 if otherwise.

48c
integer real variable

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHD

49c
Data Sheet 14*

Room Sur£aces-B

(Exterior Shading Device Data)

Data are given in ft. and as dictated by the figure below.

50c
FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

The sequence of input should be roof /ceiling, south facing surfaces,

west facing surfaces, north facing surfaces, east facing surfaces and

floor. While each vertical exposure can accommodate more than one type

of surface such as wall, door and window, only one surface should be

given for floor and roof/ceiling.

Data Sheets 13 and 14 are to be repeated for each of all the surfaces

of the room.

51c
Repetition of Data Sheets 13 and 14

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

52c
Repetition of Data Sheets 13 and 14

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

53c
Repetition of Data Sheets 13 and 14

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHOW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al 81 CI FP2 A2 82 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHOW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al 81 CI FP2 A2 82 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 82 C2

54c
Repetition of Data Sheets 13 and 14

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

ITYPE IRF A AZW U SHADE ABSP SHDW

FL HT FP AW BWL BWR D

FPI Al Bl CI FP2 A2 B2 C2

55c
Data Sheet 15"

UENDW: Overall heat transfer coefficient of the end walls (gables)

of the attic space, Btuh.

UCELNG: Overall heat transfer coefficient of the ceiling under the

attic, Btuh.

AENDW: Area of the attic end walls, sq . ft.

ATCHT: Attic space height, ft.

ARCHGA: Air change per hr . for attic.

AIRNT: Nighttime air change multiplier with respect to ARCHGA.

UENDW UCELNG AENDW ATCHT ARCHGA AIRNT

This data sheet provides information for the attic space with a flat

roof. If gabled roof, it must be treated as an equivalent flat roof.

56c
Data Sheet 16

lEXTED: Exterior shading control index:

lEXTED = 1 if the exterior shading device is controlled

to cut down the direct solar heat gain.

lEXTED = 0 if the exterior shading device is not controlled .

lEXMS: The month at which the exterior shading device control

starts

.

lEXME: The month at which the exterior shading device control

ends

.

NTVNT : Outdoor air change per hour (nearest integer value) during the unoccupied period to precool the building. The

ventilation system is assumed on only during the cooling

hours when DBVMIN < DB < DBVMAX (Data Sheet 10).

NVENT: Natural ventilation index

NVENT = 1 if outdoor air is brought in during the occupied period and when the outdoor air temperature is less

than TS of Data Sheet 8 to minimize the cooling load.

NVENT = 0 otherwise.

57c
(integer data)

lEXTED lEXMS lEXME NTVNT NVENT

I

I

58c
Run Sequence

The step by step procedure to perform the heating and cooling load

calculation by using NBSLD on the INFONET system is as follows:

1. Complete the data forms described in this manual.

2. Check the data for probable errors.

3. Turn the computer terminal on.

4. Dial the computer center and listen to the high-pitched

tone

.

5. Place the telephone receiver onto the acoustic coupler of

the terminal.

6. Hit the key "T"

.

The computer responds with

"PORT:" Port number

"CENTER:"

Type in after "CENTER:" BB

The computer responds then with

"LOGON:"

Type in your identification number after "LOGON:".

7. The computer then returns the carriage of the terminal and

types I

8. Every time the computer waits for your command, it responds

with I at the first position of the carriage. Following in

the sequence of the commands needed to perform the load calculations .

59c
Type in the data from your data forms

as illustrated in Figure Cl.

... all the data are completed.

close the data file.

computer time unit used in the data

preparation.

Weather tape file name.

Output tape No. 1.

Output tape No. 2.

• EQUATE 7 WETDAT

! EQUATE 9 SPACE 1

I EQUATE 10 SPACE 2

Instruction for the terminal data input

Type in the following terminal data:

RUNID, RUNTYP, ASHRAE, IDETAL, METHOD

At this point, the computer starts the load calculation and output such as shown in P103 will be typed out on the terminal.

60c
Weather Tape Handling

The use of Weather Data Tape 1440 provided by the National Climatic

Center may be made as follows:

1. Request the tape containing data for specified years from

the National Climatic Center

G. McKay or D. Calloway

Environmental Data Services

Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Telephone: (704) 254-0961

Remember that beginning January 1, 1965 a new program was

initiated for most Weather Bureau Stations reducing the

number of hourly observations being recorded from 24 to

8 per day. This format is not compatible with NBSLD as

it is presently written since it requires hourly weather

data. Note that the tape is 7 channel, 556 BPI density

and of even parity.

2. Have the tape mailed to INFONET computing center at the

following address:

Mr. K. Walls

Center 1 INFONET Division

Computer Science Corporation

650 North Sepulveda Blvd.

El Segundo, California 90245

3. Ask INFONET to assign a Volume number such as USOOl.

4. The tape 1440 is then decoded and stored into a weather

data file name of which may be obtained by the following

INFONET commands:

61c
DEVICES, QUEUE 0,0,1

EQUATE 9 WETDAT

WETHER

VOL, DENS, PARITY, TRACK Fortran Format

VOL : Tape name

.

2A4

DENS: Tape density in BPI. A4

PARITY: Date parity, either even or odd. A4

TRACK: Track number, either 7 or 9. A4

ISKIP, NDAY, IWRITE data

where ISKIPNumber of days to be skipped from the

beginning of the tape.

NDAY: Number of days for which the weather

data are to be stored in the file.

IWRITE =1: if the weather data are to be printed

out on the terminal as they are processed and stored; otherwise zero.

The constants of WETDAT may be checked by a separate routine

WETAP by

I EQUATE 9 WETDAT

: WETAP

NDAY, NSKIP

where NDAY: Number of days for which the weather data

are to be displayed on the terminal.

NSKIP: Number of days to be skipped from the beginning of the file WETDAT.

62 c
When the use is made of WETDAT in any other program, it can be

read in the Fortran program as follows:

READ (9) DB, DP, WB, WS , PB, TC , NTOC, DAY, lYEAR, MONTH, ICITY

where DB, DD, WB, WS, PB, TC, and NTOC are all dimensioned 24

and represent respectively dry-bulb temperature, dewpoint temperature, wet-bulb temperature, wind speed, barometric pressure,

total cloud amount, and type of cloud.

63c
Table Cl

Design Weather Data

Reprinted by permission from the 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals, (American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345 East

47th Street, New York), pp. 669-687.

64c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada'^''

Co/. 7 S'afe and Slalion^

Co/. 2 Co/. 3

Elev,'' ff

Winter Summ9r

AAe cii o n of

Ex- tremes

Co/. 4

vv /o V/ 1 /o

Co/. 5

Coincf- denf Wind

Ye-

/oc/fy*

Col. 6

Deiign Dry-l ulb Co/ 7

ooor uouy

Ronge'

Co/. 8

Oeiign We/-Su/b

' /o * 3 /O 5% • /o 2 /O

ALABAMA

33 0 660 12 16 20 L 96 94 vo 79 78 77

33 4 599 12 ] 7 19 Ti-j 96 94 79 78 77 32 4 730 17 21 25 L 98 96 95 21 SO 79 78

MI T"r>> 1 Ti fTri Q m A P 33 3 610 14 19 22 L 97 94 93 21 79 78 77 34 4 580 10 1

19 L 97 95 22 79 78 77

31 2 321 19 23 27 L 97 95 94 20 81 80 79

34 5 528 8 13 17 L 97 95 94 22 79 78 77

34 0 570 1

16 20 L 96 94 93 22 78 77 76

ITiint^villp AP 34 4 619 —6 13 17 L 97 95 94 23 78 77 76 Mobile AP 30 4 211 21 26 29 M 95 93 91 18 80 79 79

Xfnhilp CO 30 4 119 24 28 32 M 96 94 Q"? yo lU 80 79 79

A.I 1^1^ t (//MTT^OI*!^ A P 32 2 195 18 22 26 L 98 95 vo 21 80 79 78

Sflnn-PraiP- AFR 32 2 207 18 23 27 L OQ OA 94 21 C

CO

33 3 565 1

15 19 L 97 95 94 21 79 78 77

T^i icpn 1 rir>Q5i A P 33 1 170 r 14 19 23 L 98 96 95 22 81 80 79

Afichors-gp AP 61 1 90 — 29 — 25 —20 VL 73 70 6/ 15 03 01 59

R^* rrnw 71 2 22 —49 — 42 M 58 54 12 54 51 48

rairbnnks Ar 64 5 436 — 59 — 53 — 50 VL 82 78 75 24 64 03 61

Til IK^*! II 4 P 58 2 17 -11 - 7 - 4 L 75 71 68 15 66 04 62

57 3 21 4 8 12 M 71 66 03 10 62 60 58

64 3 13 —37 — •10 O — — 28 L 66 62 1lU0 58 56 54 ARIZONA!

nniitrlM^ AP 31 3 4098 13 lO 22 VL 100 98 yu O 1 70 69 68

Flaffstnft' AP ?5 1 6973 — 10 5 VTV l_j 84 82 >;n oyj ol 61 00 59

rnrt rliinpnii Pfl A P 31 3 4664 18 25 28 VL 95 93 91 27 69 68 07

r\incrinnn AP 35 2 3446 29 VL 103 100 07 oo 70 69 09 Nogslcs 31 2 3800 15 20 24 VL 100 98 Jo o i 72 71 70

PliOGriix AP 33 3 1117 25 O 1 34 VL 108 106 104 97 77 76 75

Procpntt AP 34 4 5014 y 1 O 19 VL 96 94 J 1 ou 67 66 05 Tucson AP 33 1 2584 23 29 32 VL 105 102 100 20 74 73 72 Winslow AP 35 0 4880 2 9 13 VL 97 95 92 32 66 65 04

32 4 199 o / 40 VL 111 109 1 07 97 79 78 77 ARKANSAS

Rlvtlievillp AFR 30 0 204 aD 17 T

1 J 98 90 0*^ 91 80 79 78

33 4 116 lo 1 Q —

T

1

99 97 Qfi yo 91 81 80 79

F]l DoraHn AP 33 1 252 lo 11 0J

T

Li 98 96 91^ 1 81 SO 79

FavpttHvill(> AP 36 0 1253 3 9 13 M 97 95 93 23 77 76 75

Fort. Smith AP 35 2 449 Qy 1 ^ 1

Q

1 v7 M 101 99 Qfi 94 79 78 77 Hot Springs Pk 34 3 710 12 1

1 o 22 M 99 97 Ofi vo 22 79 la 77 Joncsboro 35 5 345 QO 1 4. 1 o M 98 96 0". 91^ 1 80 79 78

Little Rock AP 34 4 257 lo 10 .-o M 99 96 Q4 92 80 79 78

Pine Bluff AP 34 1 204 14 20 24 L 99 96 95 22 81 80 79

T6\D.rkJina. AP 33 3 361 16 22 26 M 99 97 90 21 80 79 78

CAllFORNIAf

isakersheld Ar 35 2 495 26 31 33 VL 103 101 99 32 72 71 70 Barstow AP 34 5 2142 18 24 28 VL 104 102 99 37 73 72 71 Blythe AP 33 4 390 26 31 35 VL 111 109 100 28 78 77 70 Burbank AP 34 1 699 30 36 38 VL 97 94 91 25 72 70 1 09

Cliico 39 5 205 23 29 33 VL 102 100 97 30 71 70 1 69 Concord 38 0 195 27 32 36 VL 96 92 88 32 69 67 66

* Data for U. S. stations extracted from Evaluated Weather Data for Cooimg Equipment Design, Addendum No. t. Winter and Summer Data, with the permiasion

of the publisher. Fluor Products Company, Inc., Box 1267, i-anla Ri>sa, California.

* Data complied from ortici;il ucatlier siatiuns. where hourly weatlier ubservaiions are niade by irained observers, and from other sources. Table 1 prepared by ASIIRAK Technical Coniniiitee ".2. W eather Data and Desicn Conditions. Percentage of umter design data show- the percent of 3-rnonth pi'nod. December iliroueh February, Canadian data are based on .January only. Percentage of surmner design data show tlie percent of 4-nionth period, June through treptember. Canadian

d^ta are based on July only. Also sec References 1 to 7.

\\ hen airport temperature tjbservatnns were used to develop dcsicn data. "AP" follows station name, and "AFB" follows Air Force Bases. Data for stations lollowed by "CO" came from office hjcations within an urban area and ^ene^ally reflect an influence of the surrounding area. Stations without designation can be

considered seminirat and may be directly compared witii most airport data. ^ Latitude is given to the nearest 10 minutes, for use in calculatmg solar loads. For example, the latitude for Anniston. Alabama is given as 33 4, or 33°40'. KIcvations arc ground elevations for each station as of 19Gt. Temperature readings are generally made at an elevation of 5 ft above ground, except for locations Oiarked r, indicatinii roof exposur*; of theriiionieier.

* Coincident wind velociiies derived fnjin approximately coldest 600 liours out of 20,000 hours of December through February data per station. Also see References 5 and 0. The four cias.^.iH.cutions arc: = Very Liaht, 7'' iiercent or mure of cold extreme hours <7 mph. M = Mo«'lerate, 50 to 74 percent cold extreme hours >7 mph.

J L = I^ight, 50 to r>'> percent cold extrt tue hours <7 mph. H = Hiii'i. 75 percent or more coid extreme hours >7 mph, and 6f) percent are >12 mph. The difference bet\\een the average maximum and average minimum temperatures during the warmest month.

T More detailed data on .Arizona, California, and Xe\ ada may be fovind in Recommended Dest^jn Temperalures, Xorlhern California, published by the Golden Gat«

Chapter; and Recommended Design Temperatures, Southern Caii/omta. Arizona, Xevada, publisiied by the Southern California Chapter. 65c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canoda (Conf/'noed)* *

Col. I State and Station^

Cel. 2

Latitude'

o /

Co/. 3

tievt

Ckri

Winter Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Co/. 4

99% 97i%

Co/. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocily"

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Cel. 8

Design Wet-Bulb

1% 5% 1% 2i% s%

CAUFORNIAf {continued) 34 0

<\7'\ Ol o 32 38 41 VL 100 97 94 31 73 72 71

41 5 ou 28 33 36 L 72 69 65 18 61 60 59

34 0 1 1 f. 30 35 38 VL 93 90 87 22 72 71 70 32 4 ozo 26 31 34 VL 98 95 92 30 74 73 72 El Centro AP 32 5 -30 26 31 35 VL 111 109 106 34 81 80 79 33 0 660 28 33 36 VL 95 92 89 30 73 72 71

41 0 917 2i 32 35 L 67 65 63 11 60 59 58 38 2 79 26 32 34 VL 98 94 r\c\ 34 71 69 67 36 5 25 28 31 VL 101 99 97 34 73 72 71 38 0 3 28 33 35 VL 89 85 81 28 71 68 66

33 3 35 32 37 39 VL 83 80 77 18 69 68 67

37 4 23 28 30 VL 99 97 94 24 70 69 68

34 4 32 36 38 VL 82 79 76 20 65 63 61 33 5 31 36 38 VL 87 84 81 22 72 70 69 Los Angeles AP 34 0 99 36 41 43 VL 86 83 80 15 69 68 67 34 0 312 38 42 44 VL 94 90 87 20 72 70 69

37 2 1I/O7C 24 30 32 VL 102 99 96 36 73 72 70

37 4 01 26 32 36 VL 101 98 96 36 72 71 70 36 4 oo 29 34 37 VL 82 79 76 20 64 63 61 Napa 38 2 16 26 31 34 VL 94 92 89 30 69 68 67 Needles AP 34 5 913 27 33 37 VL 112 110 107 27 76 75 74

noL-lon/-? A P 37 4

oo 30 35 37 VL 85 81 77 19 65 63 62

33 1 33 38 40 VL 84 81 78 13 69 68 67 34 0 26 32 34 VL 100 97 94 36 72 71 70 Oxnard AFB 34 1 43 32 35 37 VL 84 80 78 19 70 69 67 Palmdale AP 34 4 2517 18 24 27 VL 103 101 98 35 70 68 67

33 5

41 1 27 32 36 VL 110 108 105 35 79 78 77

34 1 c50*t 31 36 39 VL 96 93 90 29 72 70 69 38 1 97 24 29 32 VL 94 90 87 31 70 68 67 Pomona CO 34 0 871 26 31 34 VL 99 96 93 36 73 72 71 Redding AP 40 3 495 25 31 35 VL 103 101 98 32 70 69 67

T> J, J 34 0 lOlo 28 34 37 VL 99 96 no 33 72 71 70 38 0 00 28 35 38 VL 85 81 77 17 66 64 63

33 5 1lOlf^i 11 26 32 34 VL 99 96 94 37 72 71 69 Sacramento AP 38 3 17 24 30 32 VL 100 97 94 36 72 70 69

Salinas AP 36 4 74 27 32 35 VL 87 85 82 24 67 65 64 CP XT _x AT?T> ban jjernaruinOj iNortiOn Ari5. .

34 1

1 1 9^^ 26 31 33 VL 101 98 96 38 75 73 71 32 4 1lyQ 38 42 44 VL 86 83 80 12 71 70 68

34 1 Q77 y/ i 29 34 37 VL 100 97 94 38 73 72 71 37 4 8 32 35 37 L 83 79 75 20 65 63 62 37 5 52 38 42 44 VL 80 77 73 14 64 62 61 O T A TJ 37 2 7nf 30 34 36 VL 90 88 85 26 69 67 65

35 2 30 35 37 VL 89 85 82 26 65 64 63 Qon + a A w\n A P 33 4

1 1 r 1 lor 28 33 36 VL 92 89 86 28 72 71 70

34 3 100 30 34 36 VL 87 84 81 24 67 66 65 37 0 125 28 32 34 VL 87 84 80 28 66 65 63 O * AT • AT> 34 5

9QC 28 32 34 VL 85 82 79 23 65 64 63 34 0

(^7 38 43 45 VL 80 77 74 16 69 68 67

34 2 9AQ /Do 28 33 36 VL 91 89 86 36 72 71 70 38 3

1 A7 ID/ 24 29 32 VL 95 93 90 34 70 68 67

fif A P 37 5

9fl 25 30 34 VL 101 98 96 37 72 70 69

TTL-ioK 39 1 22 27 30 VL 98 96 93 40 70 69 67

36 2 o04 26 32 36 VL 102 100 97 38 73 72 70 Yreka 41 4 2625 7 13 17 VL 96 94 91 38 68 66 65 Yuba City 39 1 70 24 30 34 VL 102 100 97 36 71 70 69 COLORADO

37 3 7536 -26 -17 -13 VL 84 82 79 35 62 61 60

40 0 5385 — 5 4 8 L 92 90 87 27 64 63 62 38 5 6173 - 9 - 1 4 L 90 88 86 30 63 62 61 39 5 52S3 - 9 - 2 3 L 92 90 89 28 65 64 63 Durango 37 1 6550 -10 0 4 VL 88 86 83 30 64 63 62

66c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Confinued)*

Col: J Stole and Station^

Col. 2

Latitude^

Col. 3

E/ev/

f(

Winter Summer

fVVCu 1 on

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Col. 4

99% 975%

Col. 5

Co(nc(- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Cr.i ^ 0/. /7

door

Daily Range'

Col. 8 DeWgn Wel-Bulb

' /o *3 /O ^ 10 ' /o * 3 /o ^ /o

COLORADO [continued) Fort Collins. 40 5001 — 18 — 9 _ 5 L 91 89 86 28 63 62 61 Grand Junction AP Oj"IQ J 4849 — 2 8 11 VL 96 94 92 29 64 63 62

40 3 4648 — 18 _ 9 _ 5 L 94 92 89 29 65 64 63 38 Q 418S — 14 — 6 _ 2 M 97 95 93 31 72 71 69

Leadville 39 2 10177 -18 - 9 - 4 VL 76 73 70 30 56 55 54 Pueblo AP 38 2 4639 -14 - 5 - 1 L 96 94 92 31 68 67 66

Sterling 4 3939 — 15 — 6 _ 2 M 95 93 90 30 67 66 65

Trinidad AP 37 2 5746 — 9 1 5 L 93 91 89 32 66 65 64 CONNECTICUT

Bridgeport AP 1 7 — 1 4 8 M 90 88 85 18 "il 76 75

Hartford, Brainard Field 41 0 15 — 4 1 5 M 90 88 85 22 77 76 74

41 2 6 0 5 9 H 88 86 83 17 77 76 75 New London 41ril o 60 0 4 8 H 89 86 83 16 77 75 74 Norwalk 41 1 37 _ 5 0 4 M 91 89 86 19 77 76 75

Norw'ich O 20 — 7 — 2 2 M 88 86 83 18 77 76 Waterbury 41 Oo 605 _ 5 0 4 M 90 88 85 21 77 76 7.5 Windsor Locks, Bradley Field. .

49 n\j 169 _ 7 _ 2 2 M 90 88 85 22 76 75 73 DELAWARE Dover AFB 39 0 38 8 13 15 M 93 90 88 18 79 78 77 Wilmington AP 39 4 78 g 12 15 M 93 90 87 20 79 77 76

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Andrews AFB oo KO 279 9 13 16 M 94 91 88 18 79 77 76 Washington National AP oo 0 14 12 16 19 M 94 92 90 18 78 77 76

FLORIDA

Belle Glade 26 4 16 31

„. 39 M 93 91 90 16 80 79 79 Cape Kennedy AP ... 28 1 16 33 37 40 L 90 89 SS 15 81 80 79 Daytona Beach AP . 29 31 28 32 36 L 94 92 91 15 81 80 79

Fort Lauderdale 26 0 13 37 41 45 M 91 90 89 15 81 80 79

Fort Myers AP 4 13 34 38 42 M 94 92 91 18 80 80 79

Fort Pierce 27 3 10 33 37 41 M 93 91 90 15 81 80 79

Gainesville AP A 155 24 28 32 L 96 94 93 18 80 79 79

Jacksonville AP . ou OO 24 26 29 32 L 96 94 92 19 80 79 79 Key West AP 24 o

. o 6 50 55 58 M 90 89 88 9 80 79 79 Lakeland CO V 214 31 35 39 M 95 93 91 17 80 79 78 Miami AP O 7 39 44 47 M 92 90 89 15 80 79 79 Miami Beach CO 0 9 40 45 48 M 91 89 88 10 80 79 79 Ocala . . . 11 86 25 29 33 L yo 04y^ yo 18 80 7Q/ y 7QI y Orlando AP 9fi QO 106r oo o / L 96 94 93 17 80 79 78 Panama City, Tyndall AFB 30 0 22 28 32 35 M 92 91 90 14 81 80 SO

Pensacola CO oU 13 9Q ooo^ Q9 90 89 1

82 81 80

St. Augustine

St. Petersburg

9Q 5 15 27 31 35 L 94 92 90 16 81 80 79

9Q u 35 35 39 42 M 93 91 90 16 81 80 79

Sanford OQZo c0 14 29 33 37 L 95 93 92 17 80 79 79

Sarasota. 27 2 30 O 1 oo O.-' M 93 91 90 17 80 80 79

Tallahassee AP oU 58 21 25 29 L 96 94 93 19 80 79 79 Tampa AP U 19 32 36 39 M 92 91 90 17 81 80 79 West Palm Beach AP OA 15 oo 44 M 92 91 89 16 81 80 80 GEORGIA

Albany, Turner AFB 31 3 224 91 9fi OU L 98 QAyu 94 20 80 79 78 Americus 32 0 476 1

lo 22 ~o 98 96 93 20 80 79 78 Athens 34 0 700 12 17 21 L 96 94 91 21 78 77 76

Atlanta AP 33 4 1005 14 18 23 H' 95 92 90 19 78 77 76 Augusta AP 33 2 143 1 7 90 L 98 95 93 19 80 79 78

Brunswick 31 1 14 24 27 31 L 97 95 92 18 81 80 79 Columbus, Lawson AFB 32 3 242 19 23 '21; L 98 96 94 21 80 79 78

Dalton . .

34 5 720 10 15 19 L 97 95 92 22 78 77 76 DubUn 32 3 215 17 21 25 L 98 96 93 20 SO 79 78

34 2 11 16 20 L 94 92 89 21 78 77 76

Griffin 33 1 980 13 17 22 L 95 93 90 21 79 78 77 La Grange. . 33 0 715 12 16 20 L 96 94 92 21 79 78 77 Macon AP 32 4 356 18 23 27 L 98 96 94 22 SO 79 78

Marietta, Dobbins AFB 34 0 1016 12 17 21 L 95 93 91 21 78 77 76

67c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Conf/noed)* »

Col. I State and Station^

Co(. 2

Latitude'

o 1

Col. 3

f/ev,'' ft

Vtinter Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

\»OI. 4

99% 97J%

Col. 5

Coinci- denf Wind

Velocity'

Co/. 6

Oe%\Qn Dry-Buib

Col. 7

Ou»- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8

Design Wet-Bulb

1% car 5% 1% 2i% 5%

GEORGIA (con(inued) Moultrie 31 1 340 ooiZ 26 on L Q7y / yo 9o 20 OA81) "rn (9 /8 Rome AP 34 637 1

10 on TIj 97 95 93 23 78 77 76 Savannah-Travis AP 32 1 52 OA 07£.i T

Li 9d flA 94 no 20 81 80 79

Valaosta-ftlooay Arr> 31 0 ^8 O 1 ol T 96 94 92 20 80 79 78 Wavcross 31 2 140 on Jo T

IJ 97 95 93 20 80 79 78 HAWAII

1J:1 „ AO 19 4 30 CO09 Ol TL

Q C OO OOoo 82 15 74 73 72 Honolulu AP 21 2 7 58 60 62 L at Q a OO QA84 12 Jo A

(11 73

21 198 58 60 61 L OO CVJ QO8^ 12 /4 70 73 Wahiawa 21 3 215 57 59 81 T CA QO8i> 14 to 73 IDAHO

43 3 2842 0 4

1 c\ T 9o AOyo 91 31 68 66 65

Burley 42 3 4180 — cO 4

Qo 95 noyo 89 35 68 66 64 Coeur d Alene Ar 47 5 2973 — A4

o •7i V L 94 yi OO88 31 66 65 63 laano r alls Ar 43 3 4730 r — 17 — 1 o\Z — 6 VL 91 88 85 38 65 64 62 Lewiston AP 46 2 1413 1 6 12 VL 98 96 93 32 67 66 65 Moscow 46 4 2660 — 11 — 3 1 VL. 91 on89 86 32 64 63 61 Mountain Home Ar B 43 0 2992 - 3 2 9 L on 90 no9o 36 CO08 DO 64

T> — 11 AT> rocatello Ar 43 0 4444 -12 - 8 - 2 VL 94 91 c o 35 65 63 62 Twin Falls AP 42 3 4148 — 5 4

o0

T

Li 96 94 91 34 66 64 63

ILLINOIS Aurora 41 5 744 — 13 — 7 — o

O M no9o Ol91 OO88 20 "TO la *7'7 / / 75

Belleville, bcott AeB 38 3 447 0 6 10 M 97 95 92 21 79 78 77 Bloomington 40 3 775 - 7 - 1 3 M 94 on89 21 (9 70(8 77 Carbondale 37 5 380 1 7 11 M oc oc90 94 21 on80 79 78 Champaign/Urbana 40 0 743 — 6 0 4 M 96 94 91 21 79 78 77

* TV T * J A T> Chicago, IMidwav AP 41 5 610 — 7 — 4 1 M 95 92 89 20 78 76 75

Chicago, O Hare AP 42 0 658 — 9 — 4 0

TV It 93 90 87 20 77 75 74

Chicago, CO 41 5 594 — 5 - 3 1 M 94 0

y 1 OO88 15 •70 (8 /o lo Danville 40 1 558 - 6 - 1 4 M 96 94 91 21 79 78 76 Decatur 39 5 670 — 6 0 4 M 96 93 91 21 79 78 77

41 5 696 — 13 — 7 — 3 93 91 89 23 78 77 76

42 0 820 — 14 — 8 — 4 M 92 90 87 21 78 76 75

Freeport 42 2 780 — 16 — 10 — 6 M 92 90 87 24 78 77 75 Galesburg 41 0 771 -10 - 4 0 M 95 92 89 22 79 78 76 39 0 563 - 3 3 7 M 96 94 92 21 79 78 it

Joliet AP 41 3 588 — 11 — 5 — 1 M l\A 94 OOyz cn89 20 (8 •77 to

41 1 625 — 10 — 4 1 M 94 92 89 21 78 77 76 La Salle/Pcru 41 2 520 — 9 — 3 1 M 94 93 90 22 78 77 76 Macomb 40 3 702 — 5 — 3 1 M 95 93 90 22 79 78 77 Moline AP 41 3 582 — 12 — 7 — 3 M 94 91 88 23 79 77 /o 38 2 500 0 6 10 M 97 95 92 21 79 78 77

Peoria AP 40 4 652 — 8 — 2 2 M 94 92 89 22 78 77 76 Quincy AP 40 0 762 — 8 ~ 2 2 M 97 95 92 22 80 79 It Rantoul, Chanute AFB 40 2 740 — 7 — 1 3 M 94 92 89 21 78 77 in Rockford 42 1 724 -13 - 7 - 3 M 92 90 87 24 77 76 75

Springfield AP 39 5 587 - 7 - 1 4 M 95 92 90 21 79 78 77 Waukegan 42 2 680 — 11 — 5 — 1 M 92 90 87 21 77 76 75 INDIANA Anderson 40 0 847 — 5 0 5 M 93 91 88 22 78 77 TR/O Bedford 38 5 670 — 3 3 7 M 95 93 90 22 79 78 •77 Bloomington 39 1 820 - 3 3 7 M 95 92 90 22 79 78 /O Columbus, Bakalar AFB 39 2 661 - 3 3 7 'M 95 92 90 22 79 78 76

Crawfordsville 40 0 752 — 8 — 2 2 M 95 93 90 22 79 77 76

Evansville AP 38 0 381 1 6 10 M 96 94 91 22 79 78 77 Fort Wavne AP 41 0 791 - 5 0 5 M 93 91 88 24 77 76 75 Goshen AP 41 3 823 -10 - 4 0 M 92 90 87 23 77 76 74 Hobart 41 3 600 -10 - 4 0 M 93 91 88 21 78 76 75 Huntington 40 4 802 - 8 - 2 2 M 94 92 89 23 78 76 75

Indianapolis AP 39 4 793 - 5 0 4 M 93 91 88 22 78 77 76

Jeffersonville 38 2 455 3 9 13 M 96 94 91 23 79 78 77 Kokomo 40 3 790 - 6 0 4 M 94 92 89 22 78 76 75 Lafayette 40 2 600 — 7 - 1 3 M 94 92 89 22 78 77 76

68c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada [Continued)*^

^Col. 1 Sfafe ond Station^

Col. 2

Latilvde"

0 /

Col. 3

f/ev,'' F)

Win/er Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Co(. 4

99% 97J%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Ve- /ociV

Col. 6

Deiign Dry- lulb Col. 7

Out- door

Daily n f Konse'

Col. 8

Oeii'sn Wet-Su/b

1% 2i% 1% 5%

INDIANA (continued) La Porte 41 3 810 -10 - 4 0 M 93 91 88 22 77 76 74 Marion 40 3 791 - 8 - 2 2 M 93 91 88 23 78 76 75 Muncie 40 1 955 - 8 - 2 2 M 93 91 88 22 78 77 75

Peru, Bunker Hill AFB 40 4 804 - 9 - 3 1 M 91 89 86 ' 22 77 76 74 Richmond AP 39 5 1138 — 7 - 1 3 M 93 91 88 22 78 77 75

Shelbyville 39 3 765 - 4 2 6 M 94 92 89 22 78 77 76 South Bend AP 41 4 773 - 6 - 2 3 M oy 87 22 77 Terre Haute AP 39 3 601 - 3 3 7 M 95 93 91 22 79 78 77

Valparaiso 41 2 801 -12 - 6 - 2 M 92 90 87 22 78 76 75 Vincennes 38 4 420 - 1 5 9 M 96 94 91 22 79 78 77 IOWA

42 0 1004 -17 -11 - 7 M 89 23 7Q/y / 0

7ft Burlington AP 40 5 694 -10 - 4 0 M 95 92 89 22 80 78 77 Cedar Rapids AP 41 5 863 -14 - 8 - 4 M 92 90 87 23 78 76 75

Clinton 41 5 595 -13 - 7 - 3 M 92 90 87 23 78 77 76

41 2 1210 — 14 _ 7 _ 3 M 97 94 Qly 1 79 78 76 Des Moines AP 41 3 948 r -13 - 7 - 3 M 95 92 89 23 79 77 76 Dubuque 42 2 1065 -17 -11 - 7 M 92 90 87 22 78 76 75

Fort Dodge 42 3 nil -18 -12 - 8 M 94 92 89 23 78 77 75 Iowa City 41 4 . 645 -14 - 8 - 4 M 94 91 88 22 79 77 76 Keokuk 40 2 526 - 9 - 3 1 M 95 93 90 22 79 78 77 Marshalltown 42 0 898 -16 -10 - 6 M Qly X 88 23 7Q/y 77 7ft Mason City AP 43 1 1194 -20 -13 - 9 M 91 88 85 24 77 75 74

41 4 946 -15 - 9 - 5 M 95 93 90 23 79 77 76 Ottumwa AP 41 1 842 — 12 — 6 2 M 95 93 QHyu 99 79 78 76

Sioux City AP 42 2 1095 -17 -10 - 6 M 96 93 90 24 79 77 76 Waterloo 42 3 868 -18 -12 - 8 M Ql oy 86 23 7fi 7ft

/ 0 KANSAS

39 3 945 - 9 - 2 2 M 97 95 92 23 79 78 77 Chanute AP 37 4 977 - 3 3 7 H 99 97 95 23 79 78 77 Dodge City AP 37 5 2594 — D

•}o 7 iVi 99 97 yo 9=i 74 73 72 El Dorado 37 5 1282 - 3 4 8 H 101 99 96 24 78 77 76 Emporia 38 2 1209 - 4 3 7 H 99 97 94 25 78 77 76 Garden City AP 38 0 2882 -10 - 1 3 M 100 98 96 28 74 73 72 Goodland AP 2 3645 -10 - 2 4 M 99 96 93 31 71 70 69 Great Bend 38 2 1940 - 5 2 6 M 101 99 96 28 77 76 75 Hutchinson AP 38 0 1524 - 5 2 6 H 101 99 96 28 77 76 75

Liberal 37 0 2838 - 4 4 8 M 102 100 99 28 74 73 71 Manhattan, Fort Rilev 39 0 1076 - 7 - 1 4 H 101 98 95 24 79 78 77 Parsons 37 2 908 - 2 5 9 H 99 97 94 23 79 78 77

Russell AP 38 5 1864 - 7 0 4 M 102 100 97 29 78 76 75

Salina 38 5 1271 4 "Jo 71 101 99 QAyo 9r> iO 78 76 75 Topeka AP 39 0 877 - 4 3 6 M 99 96 94 24 79 78 77 Wichita AP 37 4 1321 - 1 5 9 H 102 99 96 23 77 76 75 KENTUCKY

Ashland 38 3 551 1 6 10 L 94 92 89 22 77 76 75 BowlingGreen AP 37 0 535 1 7 11 L 97 95 93 21 79 78 77 Corbin AP 37 0 1175 0 5 9 L 93 91 89 23 79 77 76 Covington AP 39 0 869 - 3 3 8 L QQ30 88 22 77 7ft

/ 0

Hopkinsville, Campbell AFB .... 36 4 540 4 10 14 L 97 95 92 21 79 78 77

Lexington AP 38 0 979 0 6 10 'M 94 92 90 22 78 77 76

l/ouisville AP 38 1 474 11 Q 1 91^ T

Li 96 93 Qly 1 9Q 79 78 77

Madisonville 37 2 439 1 7 11 L 96 94 92 22 79 78 77 Owensboro 37 5 420 0 6 10 L 96 94 92 23 79 78 77 Paducah AP 37 0 398 4 10 14 L 97 95 94 20 80 79 78

LOUISIANA

Alexandria AP 31 2 92 20 25 29 L 97 95 94 20 80 80 79 Baton Rouge AP 30 3 64 22 25 30 L 96 94 92 19 81 80 79 30 5 103 20 24 28 L 96 94 93 19 80 79 78 Houma 29 3 13 25 29 33 L 94 92 91 15 81 80 79

Lafayette AP 30 1 38 23 28 32 h 95 93 92 18 81 81 80 Lake Charles AP 30 1 14 25 29 33 M 95 93 91 17 80 79 79 Minden 32 4 250 17 22 26 L 98 96 95 20 81 80 79

69c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Continued)*'^

Cof. 1 ^Stafe and Station^

Col. 2

latitude'

o /

Col. 3

Elev,'' ft

Wmtor Summtr

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Co/. A

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Co/. 8

Oeiign We/-Su/b

1% 5% 1% 5%

LOUISIANA (confi'nued) Monroe AP 32 3 78 18 23 27 L 98 90 95 20 81 81 80

Natchitoches 31 5 120 17 22 26 L 99 97 90 20 81 80 79 New Orleans AP 30 0 3 29 32 35 M 93 91 90 16 81 80 79 Shreveport AP 32 3 252 18 22 26 M 99 96 94 20 81 80 79 MAINE Augusta AP 44 2 350 -13 - 7 - 3 M 88 80 83 22 74 73 71 Bangor, Dow AFB 44 5 102 -14 - 8 - 4 M 88 85 81 22 75 73 71 Caribou AP 46 5 624 -24 -18 -14 L 85 81 78 21 72 70 68

Lewiston 44 0 182 -14 - 8 - 4 M 88 86 83 22 74 73 71 Millinocket AP 45 4 405 -22 -10 -12 L 87 85 82 22 74 72 70

Portland AP 43 4 01 -14 - 5 0 L 88 85 81 22 75 73 71 Waterville 44 3 89 -15 - 9 - 5 M 88 86 82 22 74 73 71 MARYLAND

Baltimore AP 39 1 140 8 12 15 M 94 91 89 21 79 78 77 Baltimore CO 39 2 14 12 16 20 M 94 92 89 17 79 78 77 Cumberland 39 4 945 0 5 9 L 94 92 89 22 76 75 74 Frederick AP 39 2 294 OI, 7 1 1 1 1 iVl 94 92 89 OOzz 78 77 76 Hagerstown 39 4 660 1 6 10 L QAy4 yz ?$y 22 77 7A / 0 38 2 10 14 18 M 92 90 87 18 79 78 77 . MASSACHUSEnS

Boston AP 42 2 15 - 1 6 10 H 91 88 85 10 76 74 73

42 2 398 — QO — Z Z iVl 87 85 82 1 / 75 74 72

Fall River 41 4 190 - 1 5 9 H 88 80 83 18 75 74 73 42 2 1 1C\ I i\) - 7 - 1 3 M 91 89 80 17 76 74 73

Gloucester 42 3 10 - 4 2 6 H 86 84 81 15 74 73 72

42 3 205 -12 - 6 - 2 M 89 87 84 23 75 74 73 Lawrence 42 4 57 - 9 - 3 1 M 90 88 85 22 76 74 72 Lowell 42 3 90 - 7 - 1 3 M 91 89 80 21 76 74 72 New Bedford 41 4 70 3 9 13 H oo oi 19 7 ^

i 0

79 70

Pittsfield AP 42 3 1170 -11 - 5 - 1 M 80 84 81 23 74 72 71

Springfield, Westover AFB 42 1 247 - 8 - 3 2 M 91 88 85 19 76 74 73 Taunton 41 5 20 — y — 4 u 11 88 80 83 1 Q 76 75 74 Worcester AP 42 2 986 - 8 - 3 1 M 89 87 84 18 75 73 71

Adrian 41 5 754 - 0 0 4 M 93 91 88 23 76 75 74 Alpena AP 4.5 0 089 -11 - 5 - 1 M 87 85 82 27 74 73 71 Battle Creek AP 42 2 939 - 0 1 5 M 92 89 86 23 76 74 73 Benton Harbor AP 42 1 049 •7 — 1 3

A/T JVl 90 88 85 OAZU 70 74 73 Detroit Met. CAP 42 2 033 0 4 8 M 92 88 85 20 70 75 74 45 4 oy4 -13 - 7 - 3 M 82 80 77 17 I6 •71 by

Flint AP 43 0 766 - 7 - 1 3 M 89 87 84 25 70 75 74 Grand Rapids AP 42 5 681 - 3 2 0 M 91 89 80 24 70 74 73 Holland 42 5 012 — 4 2 0 M 90 88 85 76 74 73 Jackson AP 42 2 1003 - 0 0 4 M 92 89 80 23 76 75 74 42 1 yoU - 5 1 5 M 92 89 80 23 76 75 74

Lansing AP 42 5 852 - 4 2 0 M 89 87 84 24 76 75 73 Marquette CO 40 3 677 -14 - 8 - 4 L 88 80 83 18 73 71 69 Mt. Pleasant 43 4 790 - 9 - 3 1 M 89 87 84 24 75 74 73 Muskegon AP 43 1 027 _ 2 4 8 M 87 85 82 21 75 74 i6 Pontiac AO 974 - 0 0 4 M 90 88 85 21 70 75 73

Port Huron 43 0 5S0 - 0 - 1 3 M 90 88 85 21 70 74 73 Saginaw AP 43 3 062 — 7 — 1 3 M 88 80 83 23 70 75 73

Sault Ste. Marie AP 40 3 721 -18 -12 - 8 < L 83 81 78 23 73 71 09 44 4

Alt! - 0 0 4 M 89 80 83 22 75 73 72

Ypsilanti 42 1 777 - 3 - 1 5 M 92 89 80 22 76 74 73 MINNESOTA

Albert Lea 43 4 1235 — 20 — 14 — 10 M 91 89 SO 24 77 76 74 Alexandria AP 45 5 1421 -26 -19 -15 L 90 88 So 24 70 74 72 Bemidji AP 47 3 1392 -38 -32 -28 L 87 84 81 24 73 72 71 46 2 1214 -31 -24 -20 L 88 85 S2 24 74 73 72

Duluth AP 46 5 1420 -25 -19 -15 M So 82 79 22 73 71 69

Faribault 44 2 1190 -23 -16 -12 L 90 88 85 24 77 7o 74 Fergus Falls 46 1 1210 -28 -21 -17 L 92 89 86 24 75 74 72

International Falls AP 48 3 1179 -35 -29 -24 L 80 82 79 26 72 69 68

70c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Continued)* ^

COI. 1 Stan ona station^

Co(. 2

Latitud*'

0 /

Co/. 3

Bit**

Ft

W/n>*r SuaiiiMr

Modior

of Annual

Extrofnos

Co/. 4

99% 97J%

Co/. 5

Coi'nci- d«n> Wind

VtlocitY*

Co/. 6

Dtiign Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

door

Daily

Ronflt

0*1

Col. a gn Wtl-Eulb

* 570 'To 3%

MINNESOTA (conr/nuid) 44 1 785 -23 -16 -12 L 91 S9 86 24 77 75 74

Minneapolis/St. Paul AP 44 5 822 -19 -14 -10 L 92 89 86 22 77 75 74 44 0 1297 -23 -17 -13 M 90 88 85 24 77 75 74

St. Cloud AP 45 4 1034 -26 -20 -16 L 90 88 85 24 77 75 73

47 3 1435 -32 -25 -21 L 86 83 80 23 73 71 AQoy 45 1 1133 -25 -18 -14 L 91 88 85 24 77 4 0 44 1 652 -19 -12 - 8 M 91 89 86 24 77 76 74

MISSISSIPPI 30 2 So 26 30 32 M 93 92 90 16 82 81 Clarksdale 34 1 178 14 20 24 L 98 96 95 21 81 80 701 o Columbus AFB 33 4 224 13 18 22 L 97 95 93 22 79 7fl Greenville AFB 33 3 139 16 21 24 L 98 96 94 21 81 80 70 Greenwood 33 3 128 14 19 23 L 98 96 94 21 81 80 7Q/y 31 2 200 18 22 26 L 97 95 94 21 80 79 7ft 32 2 330 17 21 24 L 98 96 94 21 79 78 7ft

31 4 264 18 22 26 L 97 95 94 21 80 79 78 McComb AP 31 2 458 18 22 26 L 96 94 93 18 80 79 79 32 2 294 15 20 24 L 97 95 94 22 80 79 78

31 4 168 18 22 26 L 96 94 93 21 80 80 70 Tupelo 34 2 289 13 18 22 L 98 96 95 22 80 79 78 Vicksburg CO 32 2 234 18 23 26 L 97 95 94 21 80 80 70 MISSOURI 37 1 ooU 2 8 12 M 98 96 94 21 80 79 78 Columbia AP 39 0 778 - 4 2 6 M 97 95 92 22 79 78

37 5 928 — 2 4 8 M 97 95 93 22 79 78 77 39 4 489 - 7 - 1 4 M 96 94 91 22 79 78 77

Jefferson City 38 4 640 - 4 2 6 M 97 95 93 23 79 78 77

JopLin AP 37 1 982 1 7 11 M 97 95 93 24 79 78 77 39 1

•7/1 O 74Z — 2 4 g M 100 97 94 20 79 77 76

Kirksville AP 40 1 966 — 13 _ 7 — 3 M 96 94 91 24 79 78 77 39 1 775 — 7 — 1 3 M 96 94 91 22 79 78 77 39 3 850 - 8 - 2 2 M 96 94 91 23 79 78 77 Poplar Bluff 36 5 322 3 9 13 M 98 96 94 22 80 79 78 RoUa 38 0 1202 - 3 3 7 M 97 95 93 22 79 78 77

St. Joseph AP 39 5 809 - 8 — 1 3 M 97 95 92 23 79 78 77

St. Louis AP 38 5 535 - 2 4 8 M 98 95 92 21 79 78 77

St. Louis CO 38 4 465 1 7 11 M 96 94 92 18 79 78 77

Sedalia, Whiteman AFB 38 4 838 - 2 4 9 M 97 94 92 22 79 77 76

Sikeston 36 5 318 4 10 14 L 98 96 94 21 80 79 78

37 I 1265 0 5 10 M 97 94 91 23 78 77 76 MONTANA

45 5 — 19 — 10 — 6 L 94 91 88 31 68 66 65 45 5 4856 -25 -15 -11 L 88 85 82 32 61 60 59 Butte AP 46 0 5526 r —34 — 24 — 16 VL 86 83 80 35 60 59 57 Cut Bank AP 48 4 3838 r -32 -23 — 17 L 89 86 82 35 65 63 61 48 1 2277 -33 -25 — 20 L 96 93 89 29 69 67 65

47 1 2076 — 28 — 20 — 16 L 96 93 90 29 71 69 68 Great Falls AP 47 3 3664r —29 —20 — 16 L 91 88 85 28 64 63 61 Havre 48 3 2488 —32 —22 — 15 M 91 87 84 33 66 54 63 Helena AP 46 4 3893 — 27 — 17 — 13 L 90 87 84 32 65 63 61

Kalispell AP 48 2 2965 -17 — 7 - 3 VE 88 84 81 34 65 63 62 Lewiston AP 47 0 4132 -27 -18 -14 L 89 86 83 30 65 63 62

Livingston AP 45 4 4653 — 26 — 17 — 13 L 91 88 85 32 63 62 61 46 3 2629 —27 — 19 — 15 L 97 94 91 30 71 69 68

Missoula AP 46 5 3200 — 16 - 7 - 3 VL 92 89 86 36 65 63 61 NEBRASKA

Beatrice 40 2 1235 — 10 _ 3 1 M 99 97 94 24 78 77 76 Chadron AP 42 5 3300 -21 -13 - 9 M 97 95 92 30 72 70 69 Columbus 41 3 1442 -14 - 7 - 3 M 98 96 93 25 78 76 75

41 3 1203 -14 - 7 - 3 M 99 97 94 22 78 77 76 Grand Island AP 41 0 1841 -14 - 6 - 2 M 98 95 92 28 76 75 74

Hastings 40 4 1932 -11 - 3 1 M 98 96 94 27 77 75 74 Kearney 40 4 2146 -14 - 6 - 2 M 97 95 92 28 76 75 74

Lincoln CO 40 5 1150 -10 - 4 0 M 100 96 93 24 78 77 76

71c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Conf/noed)* '

Col. ? Col. 2

Latitude^

Col. 3 eh,,"

Ft

Winter SuffliMr

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Col. 4

99% 97}%

(.Of. 0

Coi'nci- oenr Wind

Ve-

/ocify*

Desj

Col. 6

gn Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily

ftartgo'

Col. 8 Oeugn We>-Su/b

1% 2i% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

NEBRASKA (confi'nued) McCook 40 1 2565 -12 - 4 0 M 99 Q7y 1 Q4. 28 74 79 71 Norfolk 42 0 1532 -18 -11 - 7 M 97 95 92 30 78 76 75 North Platte AP 41 1 2779 -13 - 0 - 2 M 97 94 90 28 74 73 72 Omaha AP 41 2 978 -12 — 5 - 1 M 97 94 91 22 79 78 76

Scottabluff AP 41 5 3950 1 o — Ro — 4 Mivi Qfi 94 91 70 69 67 Sidney AP 41 1 4292 -15 - 7 - 2 M 95 92 89 31 70 69 67 NFVADA+

Carson City 39 1 4675 - 4 3 7 VL 93 91 88 42 62 61 60 Elko AP 40 5 5075 -21 -13 - 7 VL 94 92 90 42 64 62 61 Ely AP 39 1 6257 -15 - 6 - 2 VL 90 88 86 39 60 59 58 Las Vegas AP 36 1 2162 18 23 26 VL 108 106 104 30 72 71 70 Lovelock AP 40 0 3900 0 7 11 VL 98 96 93 42 65 64 62 Reno AP 39 3 4404 - 2 2 7 VL 95 92 90 45 64 62 61 Reno CO 39 3 4490 8 12 17 VL 94 92 89 45 64 62 61 Tonopah AP 38 0 5426 2 9 13 VL 95 92 90 40 64 63 62 Winnemucca AP 40 5 4299 - 8 1 5 VL 97 95 93 42 64 62 61 NEW HAMPSHIRE

Berlin 44 3 1110 -25 -19 -15 L 87 85 82 22 73 71 70. Claremont 43 2 420 -19 -13 - 9 L 89 87 84 24 74 73 72 Concord AP 43 1 339 -17 -11 - 7 M 91 88 85 26 75 73 72 Keene 43 0 490 -)7 -12 - 8 M 90 88 85 24 75 73 72 Laconia 43 3 505 -22 -16 -12 M 89 87 84 25 74 73 72 Manchester, Grenier AFB 43 0 253 -11 - 5 1 M 92 89 86 24 76 74 73 Portsmouth, Pease AFB 43 1 127 - 8 - 2 3 M 88 86 83 22 75 73 72 NEW JERSEY

Atlantic City CO 39 3 a 10 14 18 H 91 88 85 18 78 77 76 Long Branch 40 2 20 4 9 13 H 93 91 88 18 77 76 75 Newark AP 40 4 11 6 11 15 M 94 91 88 20 77 76 75 New Brunswick 40 3 86 3 8 12 M 91 ou Sfi 19 77 76 75 Paterson 40 5 100 3 8 12 M 93 91 88 21 77 76 75

Phillipsburg 40 4 180 1 6 10 L 93 91 88 21 77 76 75 Trenton CO 40 1 144 7 12 16 M 92 90 87 19 78 77 76 Vineland 39 3 95 12 M Q'^ jO 90 87 19 78 77 76 NEW MEXICO

Alamagordo, Holloman AFB 32 5 4070 12 18 22 L 100 98 96 30 70 69 68 Albuquerque AP 35 0 5310 6 14 17 L 96 yi 27 DO PA

Artesia 32 5 3375 9 16 19 L 101 99 97 30 71 70 69 Carlsbad AP 32 2 3234 11 17 21 L 101 99 97 28 72 71 70

Clovis AP 34 3 4279 2 14 17 L 99 97 95 28 70 69 68 Farmington AP 36 5 5495 — oo D Q VTV Li yo 93 91 ou 66 65 64

fJalliin 35 3 6465 -13 - 5 - 1 VL 92 90 87 32 64 63 62 Grants 35 1 6520 -15 - 7 - 3 VL 91 89 86 32 64 63 62 Hobbs AP 32 4 3664 9 15 19 L 101 99 96 29 72 71 70 32 2 3900 13 19 23 L 102 100 97 30 70 69 68 Los Alamos 35 5 7410 - 4 5 9 L 88 86 83 32 64 63 62 Raton AP 36 5 6379 -V - 2 2 L 92 90 88 34 66 65 64

Roswell, Walker AFB 33 2 3643 5 16 19 L 101 99 97 33 71 70 69 Santa Fe CO 35 4 7045 - 2 7 11 L 90 88 85 28 65 63 62

Silver City AP 32 4 5373 8 14 18 VL 95 93 91 30 68 67 66

Socorro AP 34 0 4617 D

1 Q 1 71 1 T

Lj QQ 97 94 67 66 65 Tucumcari AP 35 1 4053 1 9 13 L 99 97 95 28 71 70 69

Albany AP 42 5 277 -14 - 5 0 L 91 88 85 23 76 74 73 Albany CO 42 5 19 - 5 1 5. L 91 89 86 20 76 74 73 Auburn 43 0 715 -10 - 2 2 M 89 87 84 22 75 73 72 Batavia 43 0 900 •7/ — 1 oo M 87 84 99 75 74 72 Binghamton CO 42 1 858 - 8 - 2 2 L 91 89 86 20 74 72 71

Buffalo AP 43 0 705

- 3 3 6 M 88 86 83 21 75 73 72 Cortland 42 4 1129 -11 - 5 - 1 L 90 88 85 23 75 73 72 Dunkirk 42 3 590 _ 2 4 8 M 88 86 83 IS 75 74 72 Elmira AP 42 1 860 - 5 1 5 L 92 90 87 24 75 73 72 Geneva 42 5 590 - 8 - 2 2 M 91 89 86 22 75 73 72

Glens Falls 43 2 321 -17 -11 — 7 L 88 86 83 23 74 72 71 Gloversville 43 1 770 -12 - 6 - 2 L 89 87 84 23 75 73 71 Hornell 42 2 1325 -15 - 9 - 5 L 87 85 82 24 74 72 71

72 c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada {Continued)*

Col. 1 Stole and Slalion^

Co/. 2

Latitude^

Co/. 3

Elev,'^ Ft

Winter SummT

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Col. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

V»-

locity'

Col. 6

gn Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

OulDaily Range'

Co/. 8 Detign Wet-Bulb

1% 2\% 5% ' /o 5%

NEW YORK [continued] Ithaca 42 3 950 -10 - 4 0 L 91 88 85 24 75 73 72

42 1 1390 - 5 1 5 M 88 86 83 20 75 73 72 Kingston 42 0 279 - 8 - 2 2 L 92 90 87 22 76 74 73 Lockport 43 1 520 - 4 2 6 M 87 85 82 21 75 74 72 Massena AP 45 0 202 r —22 — 16 — 12 M 86 84 81 20 75 74 72

Newburgh-lbtewart Arc 41 3 460 - 4 2 6 M 92 89 86 21 78 76 74 NYC-Central Park 40 5 132 6 11 15 H 94 91 88 17 77 76 75 NYC-Kennedy AP 40 4 16 12 17 21 H 91 87 84 16 77 76 75 NYC-LaGuardia AP 40 5 19 7 12 16 H 93 90 87 16 77 76 75 Niagara Falls AP 43 1 596 - 2 4 7 M 88 86 83 20 75 74 73 42 1 1420 — 13 — 8 — 3 L 87 85 82 23 74 72 71

Oneonta 42 3 1150 -13 - 7 - 3 L 89 87 84 24 74 72 71 43 3 300 - 4 2 6 M 86 84 81 20 75 74 72

Plattsburg AFB 44 4 165 -16 -10 - 6 L 86 84 81 22 74 73 71 Poughkeepsie 41 4 103 - 6 - 1 3 L 93 90 87 21 77 75 74 Rochester AP 43 1 543 - 5 2 5 M 91 88 85 22 75 74 72

Rome-Griffiss AFB 43 1 515 -13 - 7 - 3 L 90 87 84 22 76 74 73

Schenectady 42 5 217 -11 - 5 - 1 L 90 88 85 22 75 73 72

Suffolk County AFB 40 5 57 4 9 13 H 87 84 81 16 76 75 74 Syracuse AP 43 1 424 -10 - 2 2 M 90 87 85 20 76 74 73 Utica 43 1 714 — 12 — 6 — 2 L 89 87 84 22 75 73 72 44 0 497 -20 -14 -10 M 86 84 81 20 75 74 72 NORTH CAROLINA

Asheville AP 35 3 2170r 8 13 17 L 91 88 86 21 75 74 73

Charlotte AP 35 1 735 13 18 22 L 96 94 92 20 78 77 76 Durham 36 0 406 11 15 19 L 94 92 89 20 78 77 76 EUzabeth City AP 36 2 10 14 18 22 M 93 91 89 18 80 79 78

FayetteviUe, Pope AFB 35 1 95 13 17 20 L 97 94 92 20 80 79 78

Goldsboro, bej-mour-Johnson At B 35 2 88 14 18 21 M 95 92 90 18 80 79 78

Greensboro AP 36 1 897 9 14 17 L 94 91 89 21 77 76 75

Greenville 35 4 25 14 18 22 M 95 93 90 19 81 80 79 36 2 510 8 12 16 L 94 92 89 20 79 78 77 35 4 1165 9 14 18 L 93 91 88 21 77 76 75 34 5 24 17 21 25 M 94 92 89 18 81 80 79

Lumberton 34 4 132 14 18 22 L 95 93 90 20 81 80 79 New Bern AP 35 17 14 18 22 L 94 92 89 18 81 80 79 Raleigh/Durham AP 35 5 433 13 16 20 L 95 92 90 20 79 78 77 Rockv Mount 36 0 81 12 16 20 L 95 93 90 19 80 79 78 Wilmington AP 34 2 30 19 23 27 L 93 91 89 18 82 81 80

36 1 967 9 14 17 L 94 91 89 20 77 76 75 NORTH DAKOTA

Bismarck AP 46 5 1647 -31 -24 -19 VL 95 91 88 27 74 72 70

Devil's Lake 48 I 1471 -30 -23 -19 M 93 89 86 25 73 71 69 Dickinson AP 46 5 2595 -31 -23 -19 L 96 93 90 25 72 70 68 Fargo AP 46 5 900 -28 -22 -17 L 92 88 85 25 76 74 72

Grand Forks AP 48 0 832 -30 -26 -23 L 91 87 84 25 74 72 70 Jamestown AP 47 Q 1492 -29 -22 -18 L 95 91 88 26 75 73 71 Minot AP 48 2 1713 —31 —24 — 20 M 91 88 84 25 72 70 68

48 1 1877 -28 -21 -17 M 94 90 87 25 71 69 67 OHIO

Akron/Canton AP 41 0 1210 - 5 1 6 M 89 87 84 21 75 73 72 Ashtabula 42 0 690 - 3 3 7 M 89 87 84 18 76 75 74 Athens 39 2 700 - 3 3 7 M 93 91 88 22 77 76 75 Bowling Green 41 3 675 — 7 — 1 3 M 93 91 88 23 77 75 74 Cambridge 40 0 800 - 6 0 4 M 91 89 86 23 77 76 75

ChiUicothe 39 2 638 - 1 5 9 M 93 91 88 22 77 76 75 39 1 761 2 8 12 L 94 92 90 21 78 77 76 Cleveland AP 41 2 777r _ 2 2 7 M 91 89 86 22 76 75 74 Columbus AP 40 0 812 - 1 2 7 M 92 88 86 24 77 76 75 Dayton AP 39 5 997 - 2 0 6 M 92 90 87 20 77 75 74

Defiance 41 2 700 - 7 - 1 1 M 93 91 88 24 77 76 74 Findlay AP 41 0 797 - 6 0 4 M 92 90 88 24 77 76 75

73c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Continued)* ^

^0I> 1 draft ond SioUon

Col. 2

LalHude'

e /

Col. 3

E/ev,"* Fl

WMtr Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- tremet

Cel. 4

99% 97J%

Cof. 5

Coinci- dent Wind V:

loeity'

Col. 6

Design Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Cof. 6

Oaifgn Wef-Sulb

1 07 1% 5% 1 at 2i%

OHIO (confinuecf) 41 2 600 — 71 — I 6 M 92 90 87 OA 76 75 74

39 2 650 - 2 4 8 M 94 92 90 22 78 77 76 - 5 1 5 M yo y 1 QQOO 23 77ll 75 40 4 860 - 6 0 4 M 93 91 88 24 77 76 75

40 5 1297 - 7 1 3 M 91 89 86 22 76 75 74

40 4 920 — 0

11

ft IVl 93 91 88 i6 77 76 75 39 3 635 - 3 3 7 M 93 91 88 22 77 76 75 - 7 - 1 3 M 92 90 87 23 77 76 75

41 1 720 - 7 - 1 3 M 92 90 87 22 76 75 74 38 5 530 0 5 9 L 94 92 89 22 77 76 75 Sandusky CO 41 3 606 - 2 4 8 M 92 90 87 21 76 75 74 40 0 1020 - 3 3 7 M 93 90 88 21 77 76 75 40 2 992 - 2 4 9 M A

on on00 22 76 75 74

Toledo AP 41 4 676 r - 5 1 5 M 92 90 87 25 77 75 74

41 2 900 - 6 0 4 M 90 88 85 23 75 74 73 Wooster 40 5 1030 — •7/ — 1 6 90 88 85 OOLi 76 75 74

41 2 1178 - 5 1 6 M 89 86 84 23 75 74 73 An n ool - 7 - 1 3 M 92 89 87 23 77 76 75 OKLAHOMA

34 5 1015 6 12 16 H 102 100 98 23 79 78 77

Altus AFB 34 4 1390 7 14 18 H 103 101 99 25 77 76 75 Ardmore 34 2 880 9 15 19 H 103 101 99 23 79 78 77 36 5 715 — 1 5 y rl 101 99 97 OO 79 78 77 35 0 1085 5 12 16 H 103 101 99 24 77 76 75

Enid-Vance AFB 36 2 1287 3 10 14 H 103 100 98 24 78 77 76

34 3 1108 6 13 16 H 103 101 98 24 78 77 76 McAlester 34 5 760 7 13 17 H 102 100 98 23 79 78 77 Muskogee AP 35 4 610 6 12 16 M 102 99 96 23 79 78 77 Norman 35 1 1109 5 11 15 H 101 99 97 24 78 77 76 Oklahoma City AP 35 2 1280 4 11 15 H 100 97 95 23 78 77 76

36 4 996 1 8 12 H 102 100 97 24 78 77 76 Seminole 35 2 865 6 12 16 H 102 100 98 23 78 77 76

36 1 884 2 9 13

TTn 101 99 97 0/4 78 77 76 Tulsa AP 36 1 650 4 12 16 H 102 99 96 22 79 78 77 OO O - 3 4 8 H 103 101 98 26 76 74 73 OREGON

Albany 44 4 224 17 23 27 VL 91 88 84 31 69 67 65

46 1 8 22 27 30 M 79 76 72 16 61 60 59 Baker AP 44 5 3368 — 10 — 3 1 VL 94 92 89 30 66 65 63 Bend 44 0 3599 - 7 0 4 VL 89 87 84 33 64 62 61

17 23 27 VL 91 88 84 31 69 67 65 Eugene AP 44 1 364 16 22 26 VL 91 88 84 31 69 67 65

42 3 925 16 22 26 VL 94 92 89 33 68 66 65 Klamath Falls AP 42 1 4091 - 5 1 5 VL 89 87 84 36 63 62 61 Medford AP 42 2 1298 15 21 23 VL 98 94 91 35 70 68 66 Pendleton AP 45 4 1492 - 2 3 10 VL 97 94 91 29 66 65 63

Portland AP 45 4 21 17 21 24 L 89 85 81 23 69 67 66

Portland CO 45 3 57 21 26 29 L 91 88 84 21 69 68 67 43 1 505 19 25 29 V Ld 93 91 88 69 67 65 Salem AP 45 0 195 15 21 25 VL 92 88 84 31 69 67 66

1 no 7 13 17 VL 93 91 88 28 70 68 67 PENNSYLVANIA AUentown AP 40 4 376 - 2 3 5 M 92 90 87 22 77 75 74 Altoona CO 40 2 1468 - 4 1 5 L 89 87 84 23 74 73 72

Butler 40 4 1100 - 8 _ 2 2 L 91 89 86 22 75 74 73 Chambersburg 40 0 640 0 5 9 L 94 92 89 23 76 75 74

Erie AP 42 1 732 1 7 11 M 88 85 82 18 76 74 73

40 1 335 4 9 13 L 92 89 86 21 76 75 74 Johnstown 40 2 1214 - 4 1 5 L 91 87 85 23 74 73 72 Lancaster 40 1 255 - 3 2 6 L 92 90 87 22 77 76 75 Meadville 41 4 1065 - 6 0 4 M 88 86 83 21 75 73 72

41 0 825 - 7 - 1 4 M 91 89 86 23 75 74 73

74c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Con//nued)* '

vol. 1 5far0 ono ofafion

Co/. 2

Lafitude'

Co/. 3

E/ev,-' Ft

Winfar Summer

Median

of Annual

Ex- fremej

Col. 4

1

99% 97J%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Oesi

Co/. 6

gn Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Doily Range'

Col. a Design Wet-Bulb

1% 25% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

rcNNoTLVANIA \conttnueai Philadelphia AP 39 5 7 7 11 15 M 93 90 87 21 78 77 76

Pittsburgh AP 40 3 113? - 1 5 9 M 90 87 85 22 75 74 73

Pittsburgh CO 40 3 749 r 1 7 11 M 90 88 85 19 75 74 73 Reading CO 40 2 226 1 6 9 M 92 90 87 19 77 76 75

Scrantan fWilkes-Barre 41 2 940 - 3 2 6 L 89 87 84 19 75 74 73

State College 40 5 1175 - 3 2 6 L 89 87 84 23 74 73 72

Sunbury 40 5 480 - 2 3 7 L 91 89 86 22 76 75 74 Uniontown 39 5 1040 - 1 4 8 L 90 88 85 22 75 74 73 Warren. W^t Chester

41 5 1280 - 8 - 3 1 L 89 87 84 24 75 73 72 40 0 440 4 9 13 M 92 on fi7 04 20 7*7 76 10 Williamsport AP 41 1 527 - 5 1 5 L 91 89 86 23 76 75 74 York 40 0 390 - 1 4 8 L 93 91 88 22 77 76 75 RHODE ISLAND Newport 41 3 20 11

e0 11 rl ocOO 84 81 16 75 74 73 Providence AP 41 4 55 0 6 10 M 89 86 83 19 76 75 74

CAI ITU ^AD/^llklA Anderson 34 3 764 13 18 22 L 96 94 91 21 77 76 75

Charleston AFB 32 5 41 19 23 27 L 94 92 90 18 81 80 79

Charleston CO 32 5 9 23 26 30 L 95 93 90 13 81 80 79 Columbia AP 34 0 217 16 20 23 L 98 96 94 22 79 79 78

Florence AP 34 1 146 16 21 25 L 96 94 92 21 80 79 78 Georgetown 33 2 14 19 23 26 L 93 91 88 18 81 80 79

Greenville AP 34 5 957 14 19 23 L 95 93 91 21 77 76 75 34 1 671 15 19 23 L 97 95 92 21 78 77 76 Orangeburg 33 3 244 17 21 25 L 97 95 92 20 80 79 78 Rock Hill 35 0 470 13 17 21 L 97 95 92 20 78 77 76 Spartanburg AP 35 0 816 13 18 22 L 95 93 90 20 77 76 75 34 0 18 23 26 L 96 94 92 21 80 79 78 SOUTH DAKOTA

Aberdeen AP 45 3 1296 -29 -22 -18 L 95 92 89 27 77 75 74 Brookings 44 2 1642 -26 -19 -15 M 93 90 87 25 77 75 74 Huron AP 44 3 1282 -24 -16 -12 L 97 93 90 28 77 75 74

Mitchell 43 5 1346 -22 -15 -11 M 96 94 y 1 28 1 D

Pierre AP 44 2 1718r -21 -13 - 9 M 98 96 93 29 76 74 73

Rapid City AP 44 0 3165 -17 - 9 - 6 M 96 94 91 28 72 71 69

Sioux Falls AP 43 4 1420 —21 — 14 — 10 M 95 92 89 24 77 75 74 Watertown AP 45 0 1746 -27 -20 -16 L 93 yu QT04 26 7A 7A. 7*} 43 0 l^oU -18 -11 - 7 M 96 94 91 25 78 76 75

TENNESSEE 33 3 &40 10 14 18 L 96 94 91 22 77 76 75

Bristol-Tri City AP 36 3 1519 — 1 11 16 L 92 90 88 76 75 74 Chattanooga AP 35 0 670 11 15 19 L 97 94 92 22 78 78 77 36 4

A "TH 4/U 6 12 16 L 98 96 94 21 79 78 77 35 4 690 8 13 17 L 97 95 93 21 79 78 77

36 0 334 7 13 17

, L 98 96 94 21 80 79 78

Greenville 35 5 1320 5 10 14 L 93 91 88 22 76 75 74 Jackson AP 35 4 413 8 14 17 L 97 yo 21 7Q

Knoxville AP 35 5 980 9 13 17 L 95 92 90 21 77 76 75

OO Q 263 11 17 21 L 98 96 94 21 80 79 78 Murfreesboro 35 5 608 7 13 17 T

Li 97 94 92 79 78 77

Nashville AP 36 1 577 6 12 16 L 97 95 92 21 79 78 77 35 2 7 13 17 L 96 94 92 22 79 78 77

TEXAS

Abilene AP 32 3 1759 12 17 21 M 101 99 97 22 76 75 74 AUce AP 27 4 180 26 30 34 M 101 99 97 20 81 80 79 35 1 3607 2 8 12 M 98 96 93 26 72 71 70 30 2 597 19 25 29 M 101 98 96 22 79 78 77 Bay City 29 0 52 25 29 33 M 95 93 91 16 81 80 79

Beaumont 30 0 18 25 29 33 M 96 94 93 19 81 80 79

Beeville 28 2 225 24 28 32 M 99 97 96 18 81 80 79 Big Spring AP 32 2 2537 12 18 22 M 100 98 96 26 75 73 72 Brownsville AP 25 5 16 32 36 40 M 94 92 91 18 80 80 79 Brownwood 31 5 1435 15 20 25 M 102 100 98 22 76 75 74 Bryan AP 30 4 275 22 27 31 M 100 98 96 20 79 78 78

75c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada [Continued]*'^

^ Col. 7 State and Station^

Col. 2

Latitude'

o /

Col. 3

Elev.'l Ft

Winter Summer

of Annual

ExCol. 4

99% 97J%

Col. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Ory-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range'

Col. 8

Detign Wet-Bulb

' /to ^ /o 1 /o ^3 TO 5%

TEXAS [continued] Corpus Christ! AP 27 5 43 28 32 36 M 95 93 91 19 81 ROOU OA Corsicana 0£f Q 42.5 16 21 25 M 102 100 Q8yo 21 7QI y 7R/ o

Dallas AP OCi 79 5 481 14 19 24 H 101 99 97 20 7Q1 y 7Rto 7Q Del Rio, Laughlin AFB 9Q 9 1072 24 28 31 M 101 99 98 24 79 77 76

33 1 655 • 12 18 22 H 102 100 98 22 79 7S/ o 77 Eagle Pass 28 5 743 23 27 31 L 106 104 102 24 Ov 7Q/ y 7fl /o El Paso AP 11oi u 3918 16 21 25 L 100 98 96 27 70 oy fifi Do Fort Worth AP O 544 r 14 •1^ 24 H 102 100 98 22 79 78 774 1 Galveston AP 9 5 28 32 36 M 91 89 88 10 82 81 81

33 0 575 13 19 24 H 101 99 97 21 79 / o 7fl Harlingen 26 1 37 30 34 38 M 96 95 94 19 80 oo 70# y Houston AP 9Q 4 50 23 28 32 M 96 94 92 18 oo 70/y 0 158r 24 29 33 M 96 94 92 18 OU OU 70/ y

A

*t 494 22 21 31 M 99 97 96 20 80 79 78

Killeen-Gray AFB 31 0 1021 17 22 26 M 100 99 97 22 78 77 7fi 4 D Lamesa 32 5 2965 7 14 18 M 100 98 96 26 74 71/ o 79 Laredo AFB OQ 503 29 32 36 L 103 101 100 23 79 78 7R Longview Q9 OL 345 16 21 25 M 100 98 96 20 81 OvJ 70/y Lubbock AP 11oo 3243 4 11 15 M 99 97 94 26 73 72 71

Lufkin AP 31 1 286 19 24 28 M 98 96 95 20 81 snoo 70* y McAUen 26 1 122 30 34 38 M 102 100 yo 21 Ov/ 7Q/ y 7R Midland AP U 2815r 13 19 23 M 100 98 96 26 74 711 o 79 Mineral Wells AP T>.iZ c

•J 934 12 18 22 H 102 100 98 22 78 77 7fi Palestine CO 'X 1 cO 580 16 21 25 M 99 97 96 20 80 79 78 Pampa 'X^ oo

QO 3230 0 7 11 M 100 98 95 26 71/ o 79 71 Pecos ol 2580 10 15 19 L 102 100 27 79/ ii 71 70

Plainview o4 11 3400 3 10 14 M 100 98 95 26 71/ o 72 71 Port Arthur AP on (\

\i 16 25 29 33 M 94 92 91 19 81 80 80 San Angelo, Goodfellow AFB . . . Q 1 ol o

I 1878 15 20 25 M 101 99 97 24 76 75 74

San Antonio AP 29 3 792 22 25 30 L 99 97 96 19 77 77 7fi Sherman-Perrin AFB 33 4 763 12 18 23 H Q7y ( 22 70t y 7S< o 77 Snyder 32 4 2325 g 15 19 M 102 100 Q7y / 26 7'i t o 74 71/ o Temple 1 675 18 23 27 M 101 99 97 22 79 78 77 Tyler AP oo 527 15 20 24 M 99 97 96 21 80 79 78

Vernon o4 1 1225

_

14 18 jj 1 ni 00yy 24 77 7fi / D 7*i Victoria AP 28 5 104 24 28 32 M ifo yu 0^yo 18 OU 701 y 7Q Waco AP 31 4 500 16 21 26 M QQyy ORyo 22 70/y 7R/ o 7S( o Wichita Falls AP OAo4 U 994 a 19 JJ 103 100 OKyo 24 77 7fi 75 UTAH

Cedar City AP 37 4 5613 — 10 _ 1 g VL Q1y 1 80oy 32 DO D^ fi9 Logan 41 4 4775 _ 7 QO 7 VL 0*^ Q1y 1 ROoy 33 fifi fif^ OO 63 Moab 38 5 3965 2 12 16 VL 100 yo 95 30 66 65 64 Ogden CO 41 1 4400 _ 3 7 11 VL Q±yi Q9y^ oyso 33 fifi DO DO 64

Price 39 4 5580 7 oo 7 L 07yo 01y 1 ooOR oo DO fid D^ 63

Provo . ... 40 1 4470 — 6 2 g L OAyo yo 01y 1 32 fi7 Di fifi DU 65

Richfield 38 5 5300 — 10 _ 1 3 94 92 89 34 66 65 64

St. George CO 37 1 2899 iO 22 9fi VL 104 102 99 33 71 70 69

Salt Lake City AP 40 5 4220 _ 2 o QV L Q7 y4 Q9 Oi. 19 fi7 DO 65 Vernal AP 40 3 5280 Of) , YL on fifi oo V>Oil O t DO 62 VERMONT

Barre 44 1 1120 -23 -17 -13 L 86 84 81 23 73 72 70 Burlington AP 44 3 331 1 O _ 7 M 88 85 83 iiO 74 73 71 Rutland 43 3 620 _ 1 S 1 o — 8 I

Li 87 85 82 91£>0 74 73 71 VIRGINIA

Charlottsville . . 38 1 870 7 11 15 L 93 90 88 23 79 77 76

Danville AP 36 3 590 9 13 17 L 95 92 90 21 78 77 76 38 2 6 10 14 M 94 92 89 21 79 78 76 Harrisonburg 38 3 1340 0 5 9 L 92 90 87 23 78 77 76

Lynchburg AP

Norfolk AP

37 2 947 10 15 19 L 94 92 89 21 77 76 75 36 5 26 18 20 23 M 94 91 89 18 79 78 78 Petersburg 37 1 194 10 15 18 L 96 94 91 20 80 79 78

76c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada {Continued)*'^

Cel. 1 Sfafe and Station^

Col 2

Latitude^ o /

Co/. 2

rt

Winter Summer

Ul J- rnCQ IQfl of Annuol

Ex- tremes

Co/. 4

VV /o ''3/0

Co/. 5

Coinci- dent Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Dry- Sulb

Col. 6

Out- door

Daily Range'

Dei/

Col. 8

gn Wet-Bulb

24% 5% 1% 5%

viKvlNiA xcontinueci 37 3 162 10 14 T

Xj OAyo yo Q1y 1 /9 78 77

O f 9 1 1 1 1 r 9 15 18 L 94 91 89 23 76 75 74 oo 9 1 4Qn 3 8 12 L 09 OAyu 87 23 78 77 75 Winchester oy 11 750 J «o in T

Lj 94 92 CQoy O 1 /O 76 75 WASHINGTON

47 0 19 19 24 97 iVl N5 ou 77 16 oJ 61 60

O g 14 18 I

Li /o / 4: 7 1 / 1 ly D/ 65 63

4.7 o 17 24 29 L oO CIOl 77 20 68 66 65

47 0 11 79Q i ^y - 5 2 6 VL 91 89 86 34 67 65 63 Everett-Paine AFB 47 *^ 598 13 19 24 T

Ij 82 78 74 9n/u D/ 65 63

Q 4 11 1 o VTV Li noyo yo Olyo oO oy 68 66

11 19 14 20 24 L CA50 83 30 68 66 65

17 1 1 loo -14 - 7 - 1 VL QAyo 01yo 90 32 68 AA 65 Olympia AP 47 n 190 1 o 21 I

1j oO Oo ouCO D/ 65 63 Port Angeles 48 1 99 20 9Q i>l 71^

/ 0 71/ o 7n lo OU 58 57

4-7 5O 17 23 27 L Q9 Crt oU 77 94 A7 65 64

47 114:4 22 28 19o.^ I

Li olft 1 7Q/y 7A 1 Qly A7 65 64

47 3 386 14 20 24 L 85 81 77 99 AADO 64 63

47 91^7 ZOO* _ 5 _ 2 4 VTV Li 93 90 C7o/ 9CZO CA00 64 63

47 1 14 20 24 I

ij oO oiCI 7fi 1 o 99 ACDo AADO 64 Wollo IVnHo AP 4fi ID 1 loO 5 12 16 VL QSyo QAyo 93 27 69 ACDo 66

47 9 DO'^ - 2 5 9 VL yo 09yz 89 32 68 AA00 64 Yakima AP 4fi o 1061 _ 1 10 VL Q4yt Q9 CQoy 1AOO AOoy A70/ A t WEST VIRGINIA 37 5 zoou — 4 0 5 L 01yi CQOo OD 99 74 71i6

T^liiisf^aM A P 37 2 g 10 L CAoO R1oo 99 74 73 72

r^hoF-I^iof <-vr» A P oo 9 yoy 9 14 L Q9y<i yu 88 90^u 7fi i D7ti /O 74

Or* 9 Q77 y * / _ 2

}o

I Q9yii QOyu C7 91^1 7A/D 75 74

Fllfina AP oo O — 4 1 5 L 87 84 O^C9 99Lit 74 73 72

38 2 000 r 4 10 14 T

ij yo Q1yo 01y 1 99LL 77 7A/D lo 39 2 oo/ J A\J in ILi QAyo Q4yi Q1y 1 91^1 7fi

/ 0

77i i 76

oy 4 1 94 - 2 3 7 L ooyvj Cft oo 85 22 76 lA 7016 Pa •l-aivKiivn' f^CX oJ"iO 9 Al e;** olor 2 8 12 L oiy*5 Oly 1 88 21 77 7A/D 75

40 659 0 5 q T

X-i 91 89 OOCA 91^1 7A/ O 75 74 WISCONSIN

A A 9£i 749 — 16 — 10 — fi Mivi ftO oy ft7 ft4 91 7fi

1 o

lA 79

4ri 3 A^O DOU — 27 — 21 — 1 7 T

Li oo CIoo oUfiO 91^O 71i O

7 1 / 1 AODy

42 oo

7 WO -13 -~7 - 3 M 09 QOyu 87 24 77 7A/O 7c^

/ 0

T?oii AP 44 -21 -15 -11 L OOyw oO 85 23 76 74 79/ L Fond du Lac 4*^ 760 — 17 — 1

7 ill fto oy ft7 R4 91^O 7Ai 0 74 71/o

/^VAMn pAir AP 44 Oo — 16 — 12 _ 7 M OO oo S9oz 91^O 7^^ / o 71/ O 79

T n /"^wrt^crt A P 41 o

A ^9 — IS — 12 — 8 M QOyu oo OO 99 7S( o 7A/O 7=i 43 1 — 13 — 9 _ 5 M Q9yz oo oo 99LL 11 7(^

1 0

71 44 1 AAO oou — 1

_ 5 _ 1 M Oo CAoD R.1 oo 21 lb 74 79

4*1 u AOt DUO — 14 — 8 — 4 M oO CA00 R.1 oo 20 74 79 7A

4*^ A79 — 1

_ 2 M 90 87 &4 91L 1 75 73 49 A40 — 10 — 4 0 M 90 88 C^OO 91 774 I 75 73 43 4 A4ft Dio 10 — 4 Q M o/QT C40*T 90 7fi ( D 1^ 79

44 3

1 fiTii lU / V* — 22 — Ifi — 19 \f.>i oyQQ fi7 U4Ol 91 / O 71^ o71

/

43 0 CAH -12 - 6 - 2 U 01 RQoy 86 22 77 / O 7J. 44 6

1 1 ClU

1 lyo -24 -18 -14 M oy CAoD 83 23 74 79 7n WYOMING

Casper AP 42 5 5319 —20 — 1

— O Li 92 90 R7O 1 11O 1 fii oo 62 60

41 1 Dl-D — 15 — 6 _ 9 M 89 86 83 30 63 62 61 44 3 .^((.") — —

— lO — Q I 90 87 19 A1 60 59

41 2 —22 -12 - 8 VL 84 82 79 32 58 57 56 42 5

t :^ AQ O.)bo —26 — 16 — 12 VL 92 90 87 32 63 62 60

41 2 7266 -17 - 6 - 2 M 82 80 77 28 61 59 58

Newcastle 43 5 44S0 -18 - 9 - 5 M 92 89 86 30 68 67 66

Rawlins 41 5 6736 -24 -15 -11 L 86 84 81 40 62 61 60 Rock Springs AP 41 4 6741 -16 - 6 VL 86 84 82 32 58 57 56

Sheridan AP 44 5 3942 -21 -12 L 95 92 89 32 67 65 64

Torrington 42 0 4098 -20 -11 - ' M 94 92 89 30 68 67 66

77c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Confinoed)*'' CANADA

Co/. 7 Province and Station^

Col. 2

Lotilude'

0 t

Co/. 3

f/cv

ff

Winter Summer

Aver- age

Annuel

Mini- mum

Co/. 4

vy /o V/ } /o

Co/. 5

Co/nci- aenr Wind

Velocity'

Col. 6

Design Diy-Bulb r^i \.o\. /7

Ouf. door

uaiiy Konge

Col. 8 Deiign We/-Bu/b

' /o •'I/O 0 /o 1

' /o '1 /o oyo

Oalearv AP 01 1 3540 — 30 — 29 — 25 M 87 oo 82 26 66 64 Do

h^fimnntnn AP 53 3 2219 — 30 — 29 —26 VL 86 83 80 69 67 65

55 1 2190 — 44 — 43 — 37 VL 84 81 78 23 66 64 63

TflQnpr r^O E0 3480 oo — '^9 ox — 98xo VT 87 84 81 66 64 DO

T^tVihriHo'P AP 49 4 3018 -31 -31 -24 M 91 88oo 85 28 68 66 A4D^

IVf r»\Tiirrn V A P 00 A4 1216 -44 -42 -39 VL 87 84 81 28 69 DO Medicine Ilat AP oU U 2365 — 33 —30 —26 M 96 93 90 28 72 69 67 Red Deer AP 52 1 2965 —38 —33 —28 VL 88 86 83 25 67 65 64

DKI 1 ion V. WLLf |V\ DIM

Tift wc;nn i^t"ppk o5 5 2200 — 47 —40 84 81 78 9tiiO 66 64 DO

Fnrt PCpl<:nn A P Oo cO 1230 — 43 — 44 —41 VL 87 84 81 23 66 64 63

OU A 1150 — 15 — 16 — 10 VL 97 94 91 31 71 69 Do Nanarimo CO 11 100 1 o 17 20 VL 81 78 75 20 66 64 62 N^pw Wpi:tmirKlpr C^,C\ 49 1 50 12 15 19 VL 86 84 82 20 68 66 U.J PpnfipfATi AP 49 3 1121 Q _ \ 3 L 94 91 88 31 71 69 68

Pfi n pp («prtrtjp A P 53 5 2218 —38 —37 — 31 VL 85 82 79 26 68 65 63 en 0 170 Qy jl 15 73 71 69 13 62 60 59

Trail 49 1 1400 _ 3 _ 2 3 VL 94 91 88 30 70 68 fi7 i/Q rt /*rM nrpi" AP 49 1 16 13 15 19 L 80 78 76 ]7 68 66 65

Victoria. CO 48 3 228 20 20 23 M 80 76 72 16 64 62 60

AAANITORA RrnnHon CO 49 5 1200 — ^fi — 99 — 9fi xu M 90 87 84 26 75 73 71

Phurr-liill AP Oo 5 115 to — 40 —38 79 7=1 72 18 68 66 63

51 1 999 9Q —9fi xu M 89 86 83 24 74 72 70

Flin FIaii rO 54 5 1098 —38 —40 —36 i, 85 81 78 19 71 69 67

T^ri»*tQ(To lo Pt-qit-ip AP 49 5 867 — 28 — 25 —22 M 90 87 84 22 75 74 72 The Pas AP 54 0 894 —OO ——Q9o— iVl 85 81 78 20 73 71 69

\A/inninP(T AP 49 5 786 —O 1 — 9a —9=; M 90 87 84 23 75 74 72

48 0 25 on —— 1lo<J — 14Irt L 87 84 81 20 74 71 69 PKq+ Kq rn a P 47 0 112 — 17 — 15 — 10 M 90 87 84 22 74 71 69

47 500 — 29 — 20 — 16 M 84 81 78 21 72 70 Fred6ric ton \P 45 5 74 1 Q — 1IDfi — JQ L 89 86 83 23 73 70 68

AyT/^T'>P+nn A P 46 1 248 — 1 fi — 12 — 7 88 85 82 21 74 71 69

Sninl- Tr»liTt A P 45 2 352 — 1 o

1 9 — 7 M 81 79 77 18 71 68 66 MFWFrM IMCW rVjUrSL'LArNL' IKim A Kjr» 4H 40 — 0 — 10 — 5 H 84 8191 79 18 69 68 66

rianHor AP 49 0 482 — c; o

c: o _ J fj 85 82 79 20 69 68 66 Goo^p Rjiv AP 63 2 144 97 —9C—O \T 8fi 81 77 18 69 67 65

Cf Tnhn'e: AP 47 4 463 11 9 o 11 70 77 75 17 69 68 66 48 3 44 A — D

1 XJ

1

79 76 74 13 69 68 66

kl^DTUI \Ay CCT TPDOIT^DICC

F/^^^ Qmif h A P 60 0 DDO — Ol — ^>7 ±aTU VTV Jj oO8^ 85? 00 80o> * 25 67 65 64 63 5 fiS Uo — 40 — ^0 49 JJ DO Or* •JU 14 68 2 7=1 / 60 o — 54 — 50 — 48 VL 77 75/ 0 23 63 61 74 4 209 — O-i — ^cf 4.7 M 54 51 49 10 Ypllowk-nifp AP 62 62 3 682 — 01 — 4y 47 VIV Li 78 76 74 17 65 63

70 OS 45 5 Do — lo — lU — O

TJ

1oo 82 79 21 72

TTohf-iv AP 44 4 1l.jD - 4 0 4 H oo 80 77 16 69 68 67 45 (1 •lO - 8 - 4 0 M 86 83 80 23 72 70 69 45 4 .317 — ID 1 n — o 84 81 /9 21 7n/ u 68 46 1 197 — oo Au D 84 82 SO 20 72 70 68

T'-,,-^ PA 45 2 77 1 7 M 84 81 79 22 72 70 69 43 5 136 '2 5 9 H 76 73 71 15 69 68 67

Belleville CO 44 1 250 -15 -11 - 7 M 89 86 84 21 77 75 73 Chatham CO 42 2 600 - 1 3 6 M 92 90 88 20 77 75 74 Cornwall 45 0 210 — 22 -14 - 9 M 89 86 84 23 77 75 74 Fort William AP 48 2 644 -31 -27 -23 L 86 83 80 23 72 70 68

43 2 303 _ 2 0 3 M 91 88 86 21 77 75 73 49 3 752 -37 -31 -28 M 87 84 81 23 73 71 69 Kenora AP 49 5 1345 -33 -31 -28 M 86 83 80 20 75 73 71 44 2 300 -16 -10 - 7 M 85 82 80 20 77 75 73

78c
Climatic Conditions for United States and Canada (Conc/oded)* *

Cof. I Provinta and Slofioifi

Cof. 2

Latitude"

0 1

Co/. 3

f/ey,'' rr

W/ntar Summer

Aver- age

Annual

Mini- mum

Co/. 4

99% 97J%

Co/. 5

Coincic/enf Wind

Velocily'

Col. 6

Deiign Dry-Bulb

Col. 7

Out- door

Daily Range '

Col. 8

Deiign Wef-8u/b

1% 2}% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

ONTARIO (contmued) 43 3 1125 — 11 — 3 1 M 88 85 83 24 76 75 74 43 0 — 9 — 1 3 M 90 88 86 22 76 75 74

46 2 1210 -27 -21 -17 M 87 84 82 18 71 70 69

Ian a nro 43 5 o / u -11 - 5 - 2 M 90 87 85 21 77 75 73 Ottawa AP 45 2 339 — 21 — 17 — 13 M 90 87 84 21 75 74 73

i\won Rr\iinfi 44 3 — 9 — 5 — 1 M 87 84 82 21 74 72 71 44 2 —20 — 13 — 9 M 90 87 85 22 76 74 73

fit rifttViftrinPQ PO 43 1 1 2 5 M 91 88 86 20 77 75 73

43 0 — 6 2 6 M 92 90 88 19 76 74 73

46 3 Ot O —21 — 20 — 15 M 88 85 83 22 72 70 68

Ri1 ri r\ 1 1 1* 1 r 46 3 oOV; — 25 — 20 — 15 VL 89 86 84 25 72 70 69

Timminsi PO 48 3 1100 —37 —33 — 28 M 90 87 84 24 73 71 69

TnpATi+n AP 43 4 — 10 — 3 1 M 90 87 85 22 77 75 73

WinHcrtp AP 42 2 uo / — 1 4 7 M 92 90 88 20 77 75 74

rKiri^C CUWAKL/ lOLAINL/ Phoplnttp+Awn A P 46 2 — 11 — 6 — 3 H 84 81 79 16 72 70 68

fiiimm ArciriA A P 46 3 1 o -10 - 8 - 3 H 84 81 79 16 72 70 68

48 2 536 — 35 — 26 — 22 VL 88 84 81 20 72 71 69 Chicoutimi CO 48 3 150 —31 — 24 — 20 VL 87 83 80 20 72 71 69

Tl»'i im tr^rt n /i in 1 1 a 45 5 270 — 26 — 18 — 13 M 88 85 82 22 76 74 72 45 2 — 23 — 17 — 12 L 87 84 82 21 76 74 72

Hull 45 3 200 —21 — 17 — 13 M 90 87 84 21 75 74 73 45 4 loo*. -27 -20 -16 M 84 81 78 19 75 73 71 Montr&l AP 45 3 98 —20 — 16 — 10 M 88 86 84 18 76 74 73 Quebec AP 46 5 245 — 25 — 19 — 13 M 86 82 79 21 75 73 71 48 3 11111 7 — 18 — 16 — 12 H 78 74 71 18 71 69 68

Of TAnn 45 2 1 90 —21 — 15 — 10 M 87 85 83 20 76 74 73

fit T/fAmo 45 5 ?1

O i>J —30 — 18 — 13 L 87 84 82 23 76 74 73

fiant tloG AP 50 1

1 on —29 —27 — 22 L 80 78 75 17 66 64 63

finfl nrin 1 trtk n 46 3 306 —27 —20 — 15 L 88 . 85 83 21 76 74 72

fiKArKmntrp PA 45 2 —25 — 18 — 13 L 87 84 81 20 75 73 71

'FKAtfnr/^ \finoa 46 0 1090 — 25 — 19 — 14 M 86 83 80 22 75 73 71

Trrtie PiiribroQ PO 46 2 900 -30 -18 -13 M 88 85 82 23 76 74 72

Vol A'Cir AP 48 0 1 1 OS -37 -31 -27 L 88 85 82 22 72 71 69

Valleyfield 45 2 150 —20 — 14 — 9 M 87 85 83 21 76 74 73 SASKATCHEWAN

TPaVAirn AT' 49 0 1 R84 —32 —30 — 25 M 93 89 86 25 75 73 71 50 2 1 ft ^7 —33 —32 —27 M 93 89 86 27 73 71 69

'Mi^rf pQ tf lofnrH A P 52 5 — 33 -23 — 29 L 90 86 83 25 71 69 67

Prirtpo AlKnrt AP 53 1 1414 -45 -41 -35 VL 88 84 81 25 72 70 68

50 3 1884 -38 -34 -29 M 92 88 85 27 73 71 69

52 1 1645 -37 -34 -30 M 90 86 83 25 71 69 67

Swift Current AP 50 2 2677 -31 -29 -25 M 93 89 86 24 72 70 68 Yorkton AP 51 2 1653 -38 -33 -28 M 89 85 82 23 74 72 70 YUKON TERRITORY Whitehorse AP 60 4 2289 -45 -45 -42 VL 78 75 72 22 62 60 59

Data for U. S. stations extracted from Evaluated Weather Data for Cooling Equipment Design, Addendum No. 1, Winter and Summer Data, with the penniasioD

of the publisher, Fluor Products Company, Inc., Box 1267, Santa Hoaa, California.

• D^ta compiled from official weather stationa, where hourly weather observationa are made by trained observers, and from other sources. Table 1 prepared by ASHRAE Technical Committee 2.2, Weather Data and Dcsicn Conditions. PercentaRe of u inter design data show the percent of 3-nionth period, Decenioer throuRn

February. Canadian data are based on January only. Percentage of summer desif^ data show the percent of 4-montn period, June through September. Canadian

data are* based on July only. Also see References 1 to 7. ^ When airport temperature observations were used to develop desisrn data, "AP" follows station name, and "AFB" follows Air Force Bases. Data for stations followed by "CO" came from otfico locations within an urban area and cenerally reflect an influence of the surrounding area. Stations without designation can be

considered semirural and may be directly compared with moat airport data.

* Latitude is given to the nearest 10 minutes, for use in calculatinc solar loads. For example, the latitude for Anniston. Alabama is given as 33 4, or 33*40'. Elevations are ground elevations for each station aa of 1964. Temperature readings are generally made at an elevation of 5 ft above ground, except for locations tn&rked r, indicating roof exposure of thermometer.

• Coincident wind velocities derived from approximately coldest 600 hours out of 20,000 hours of December through February data per station. Also ae« References 6 and 6. The four cLaasificalions are: VL « Very Light, 70 percent or more of cold extreme hours <7 mph. M ~ Moderate, 50 to 74 percent cold extreme hours >7 mph. L " Light, 50 to 69 percent cold extreme hours <7 mph, H = High, 75 percent or more cold extreme hours >7 mph., and 50 percent are >12 mph.

' The difference between the average maximum and average minimum temperatures during the warmest month.

t More detailed data on .Arizona, California, and NVvada may be found in Recommended Design Temperaiures, Sorihern. Cahfomta, published by the Golden Gate

Chapter; and Recommended Design Temperatures, Southern Calt/ornia, Arizona, Nevada, published by the Southern California Chaptar.

79c
Climatic Conditions for Other Foreign Countries

y Col. 1 Covnfty one/ 5 to f ton

Co(. 2

Latitude and

Longitude

o /

Co/. 3

^llon'

ff

Winter SumiiMr

Mean

of Annual

Ex- tremei

Col. 4

99% 97}%

Oe

Col. 5

iign Dry-Bulb

Col. 6

Out- door

Daily Range

f deg

Col. 7

Detign Wet Bulb

'% 2}% 5% 1% 2i% 5%

ADEN

Aden 12 50N/45 02E 10 63 68 70 102 100 98 11 83 82 82 AFGHANISTAN Kabul 34 35N/69 12E 5955 2 6 9 98 96 93 32 66 65 64 ALGERIA

Algiers 36 46N/3 03E 194 38 43 45 95 92 89 14 77 76 75 ARGENTINA Buenos Aires 34 35S/58 29W 89 27 32 34 91 89 86 22 77 76 75 C6rdoba 31 22S/64 15W 1388 21 28 32 100 96 93 27 76 75 74 Tucuman 26 50S/65 low 1401 24 32 36 102 99 96 23 76 75 74 AUSTRALIA

Adelaide 34 56S/138 35E 140 36 38 40 98 94 91 25 72 70 68

Alice Springs 23 48S/133 53E 1795 28 34 37 104 102 100 27 75 74 72 Brisbane 27 28S/153 02E 137 39 44 47 91 88 86 18 77 76 75

12 28S/130 51E 88 60 64 66 94 93 91 16 82 81 81 Melbourne 37 49S/144 58E 114 31 35 38 95 91 86 21 71 69 68

Perth 31 57S/115 51E 210 38 40 42 100 96 93 22 76 74 73 Sydney 33 52S/151 12E 138 38 40 42 89 84 80 13 74 73 72 AUSTRIA 48 15N/16 22E 644 - 2 6 11 88 86 83 16 71 69 67 AZORES

Lajes (Terceira) 38 45N/27 05W 170 42 46 49 80 78 77 11 73 72 71 BAHAMAS

Nassau 25 05N/77 21VV 11 55 61 63 90 89 88 13 80 80 79 BELGIUM

50 48N/4 21E 328 13 15 19 83 79 77 19 70 68 67 BERMUDA 1 Kindley AFB 33 22N/64 41

W

129 47 53 55 87 86 85 12 79 78 78

BOLIVIA La Paz 16 30S/68 09W 12001 28 31 33 71 69 68 24 58 57 56

BRAZIL Belem 1 27S/48 29W 42 67 70 71 90 89 87 19 80 79 78 Belo Horizonte 19 56S/43 57W 3002 42 47 50 86 84 83 18 76 75 75

Brasilia 15 52S/47 55W 3442 46 49 51 89 88 86 17 76 75 75

Curitiba 25 25S/49 17W 3114 28 34 37 86 84 82 21 75 74 74

Fortaleza 3 46S/38 33W 89 66 69 70 91 90 89 17 79 78 78 Porto Alegre 30 02S/51 13VV 33 32 37 40 95 92 89 20 76 76 75

Recife 8 04S/34 53W 97 67 69 70 88 87 86 10 78 77 77

22 55S/43 12W 201 56 58 60 94 92 90 11 80 79 78 Salvador 13 OOS/38 30W 154 65 67 68 88 87 86 12 79 79 78 Sao Paulo 23 33S/46 38W 2608 36 42 46 86 84 82 18 75 74 74

BRITISH HONDURAS

Belize 17 31N/88 IIW 17 55 60 62 90 90 89 13 82 82 81 BULGARIA

Sofia 42 42N/23 20E 1805 - 2 3 8 89 86 84 26 71 70 69 BURAAA Mandalay 21 59N/96 06E 252 50 54 56 104 102 101 30 81 80 80

16 47N/96 09E 18 59 62 63 100 98 95 25 83 82 82 CAMBODIA Phnom Penh 11 33N/104 51E 36 62 66 68 98 96 94 19 83 82 82 CEYLON Colombo g 24 65 69 70 90 89 88 15 81 80 80

CHILE Punta Arenas 53 lOS/70 54W 26 22 25 27 68 66 64 14 56 55 54 33 27S/70 42W 1706 27 32 35 90 89 88 32 71 70 69

Valparaiso 33 OlS/71 38W 135 39 43 46 81 79 77 16 67 66 65 CHINA

29 33NV106 33E 755 34 37 39 99 97 95 18 81 80 79

31 12N/121 26E 23 16 23 26 94 92 90 16 81 81 80 COLOMBIA

10 59N/74 48W 44 66 70 72 95 94 93 17 83 82 82 Bogotd 4 36N774 05W 8406 42 45 46 72 70 69 19 60 59 58

Cali 3 25N776 30W 3189 .33 57 58 84 82 79 15 70 69 63

Medellin 6 13N775 36W 4650 48 53 55 87 85 84 25 73 72 72 CONGO

Brazzaville 4 15S/15 15E 1043 54 60 62 93 92 91 21 81 81 80 Kinasha (Leopoldville) 4 20S/15 ISE 1066 54 60 62 92 1 91 90 19 81 80 80

Stanleyville 0 26N715 14E 1370 65 67 68 92 91 90 19 81 80 80

80c
Climatic Conditions for Other Foreign Coontriej (Continued)

Col. 1 Counfry and Station

Col. 2

Latitude and

Longitvde

0 /

Col. 3

Elevation, Ft

Wintmr Summtr

Mean

of Annual

Ex- treme»

Co(. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Detign DryCol. 6Oul- door

Doily Range

r atg

Col. 7

Detign Wei1% 5% 1% 5%

CUBA

Guantananio Bay 19 54NV75 09\V 21 60 04 66 94 93 92 16 82 81 80 Havana 23 08N7S2 21\V 80 54 59 02 92 91 89 14 81 81 80 CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Prague 50 05N/14 25E 662 3 4 9 88 85 83 16 06 65 64 DENMARK

CopciihaRen 55 41N/12 33E 43 11 16 19 79 76 74 17 08 60 64 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo 1 )omiMgo 18 29N/69 54W 57 61 63 05 92 90 88 16. 81 80 80 ECUADOR

2 lOS/79 53\V 20 61 04 05 92 91 89 20 80 80 79 0 13S/78 32\V 9446 30 36 39 73 72 71 32 63 62 62

El SALVADOR

San Salvador 13 42N789 13\V 2238 51 54 50 98 96 95 32 77 76 75

ETHIOPIA

9 02N/38 45E 7753 35 39 41 84 82 81 28 66 05 64 Asmara 15 17N/3S 55E 7628 36 40 42 83 81 80 27 65 64 63

fINlAND 60 lON/24 57E 30 -11 - 7 - 1 77 74 72 14 66 05 63 FRANCE

45 42N74 47E 938 - 1 10 14 91 89 86 23 71 70 69

43 18N/5 23E 246 23 25 28 90 87 84 22 72 71 69

47 1.5N/1 34\V 121 17 22 26 86 83 80 21 70 69 67 Nice 43 42N/7 16E 39 31 34 37 87 85 83 15 73 72 72

48 49N/2 29E 164 16 22 25 89 86 83 21 70 68 67

Strasbourg 48 35N/7 46E 465 9 11 16 86 83 80 20 70 69 67 FRENCH GUIANA

4 56N/52 27 W 20 69 71 72 92 91 90 17 83 83 82 GERMANY

52 27N/13 18E 187 6 7 12 84 81 78 19 68 67 66 Hamburg 53 33N79 58E 66 10 12 16 80 76 73 13 68 66 65

52 24N/9 40 E 561 7 16 20 82 78 75 17 08 67 65

49 34N78 28E 359 2 8 11 87 85 82 18 71 69 68

48 09N/11 34E 1729 - 1 5 9 86 83 80 18 08 66 64 GHANA

5 33N/0 12W 88 65 68 09 91 90 89 13 80 79 79

GIBRALTAR

Gibraltar 36 09N/5 22W 11 38 42 45 92 89 86 14 76 75 74

GREECE

37 58N/23 43E 351 29 33 36 96 93 91 18 72 71 71 40 37N/22 57E 78 23 28 32 95 93 91 20 77 76 75 GREENLAND

61 11 N/45 25W 85 -23 -12 - 8 60 63 01 20 56 54 52 GUATEMALA

Guatemala City 14 37N/90 31W 4855 45 48 51 83 82 81 24 09 68 67 GUYANA

Georgetown . . ; 6 50N/58 12W 6 70 72 73 89 88 87 11 80 79 79

HAITI Port au Prince 18 33N/72 20

121 63 65 67 97 95 93 20 82 81 80 HONDURAS

14 06N/87 13W 3094 44 47 50 89 87 85 28 73 72 71 HONG KONG

22 18N/114 lOE 109 43 48 50 92 91 90 10 81 80 80 HUNGARY

47 31 N/19 02E 394 8 10 14 90 86 84 21 72 71 70

ICELAND 64 08N/21 56E 59 8 14 17 59 58 56 16 54 53 53

INDIA • Ahmenabad 23 02N/72 35E 163 49 53 56 109 107 105 28 80 79 78

12 57N777 37K 3021 .53 56 58 90 94 93 20 75 74 74 Bombay: 18 54N/72 49E 37 62 65 67 96 94 92 13 82 81 81 Calcutta 22 32N78S 2(IE 21 49 52 54 98 97 90 22 83 82 82 Madras 13 04N/8O 15E 51 61 64 60 104 102 101 19 84 83 83 Nagpur

New Delhi

21 09N779 07 E 1017 45 51 54 110 108 107 30 79 79 78 28 35N/77 12E 703 35 39 41 110 107 105 20 83 82 82 INDONESIA

6 llS/lOG 50E 26 09 71 72 90 89 88 14 80 79 78

10 lOS/123 34E 148 03 66 68 94 93 92 20 81 80 80

5 0'8S/119 28E 61 04 66 68 90 89 88 17 80 80 79 Medan 3 35X/98 41

77 06 69 71 92 91 90 17 81 80 79 Palembang 3 OOS/104 40E 20 67 70 71 92 91 90 17 80 79 79 Surabaya 7 138/112 43E 10 64 06 08 91 90 89 18 SO 79 79

81c
Climatic Conditions for Other Foreigim Countries (Confinoed)

Col. J Country ond Stotion

Col. 2

Lolilude ond

LoHQifudo

0 /

Col. 3

E/evoff

Winter Summer

Mean

of Annual

Ex- tremes

Col. 4

99% 97i%

Col. 5

Oeiign Dry-Bulb

Col. 6

Out- door

Daily Range

F deg

Col. 7

Design We(-Bu/b

'% 5% 1%

IRAN 30 21N/48 16E 7 32 39 41 lie 1 10 32 82 81 81 36 17N759 36E 3104 3 10 14 99 96 93 29 68 67 66 Tehran 35 41N751 2oE 4002 15 20 24 102 100 98 27 75 74 73 IRAQBaghdad 33 20\/44 24E 111 27 32 35 113 111 108 34 73 72 72 36 19N/43 09E 730 23 29 32 114 1 12 110 40 73 72 72

IRELAND Dublin 53 22N76 21W 155 19 24 27 74 72 /O 16 65 64 62 Shannon 52 41^78 55W 8 19 25 28 76 73 71 14 65 64 63

ISRAEL Jerusalem 31 47N735 13E 2485 31 36 38 9o 94 no 24 70 69 69 Tel Aviv 32 06N734 47E 36 33 39 41 96 93 91 16 74 73 72

ITALY Milan 45 27N709 17E 341 12 18 22 89 87 84 20 76 75 74 Naples 40 53N714 I8E 220 28 34 36 91 88 86 19 74 73 72 Rome 41 4SN712 36E 377 25 30 33 94 92 89 24 74 73 72 IVORY COAST

5 19N./4 OIW 65 64 67 69 91 90 88 15 83 82 81 JAPAN Fukuoka 33 35N7130 27E 22 26 29 31 92 90 89 20 82 80 79 Sapporo 43 04N7141 21E 56 — 7 1 5 86 83 80 20 76 74 72 Tokyo 35 41N7139 46E 19 21 26 '28 91 89 87 14 81 80 79 JORDAN

31 57N/35 57E 2548 29 33 36 97 94 92 25 70 69 68 KENYA

1 I6S/36 4SE 5971 45 48 50 hi 80 78 24 66 65 65 KOREA

Pyongyang 39 02N7'125 41E 186 — 10 — 2 3 89 87 85 21 77 76 76

37 34N7126 58E 285 — 1 7 9 91 89 87 16 81 79 78 LEBANON

33 54N/35 2SE 111 40 42 45 93 91 90 15 78 . 77 76

LIBERIA 6 18N/10 48VV 75 64 68 69 90 89 88 19 82 82 81

LIBYA 32 06N/20 04E 82 41 46 48 • 97 94 91 13 77 76 75 MADAGASCAR

Tananarive 18 55S/47 33E 4531 39 43 46 86 84 83 23 73 72 71 MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 3 07N/101 42E 127 67 70 71 94 93 92 20 82 82 81 Penang 5 25N/I00 19E 17 69 72 73 93 93 92 18 82 81 80

Singapore 1 18N7103 50E 33 69 71 72 92 91 90 14 82 81 80 MARTINIQUE

Fort de France 14 37N761 05W 13 62 64 66 90 89 88 14 81 81 80 MEXICO

Guadalajara 20 41N7103 2nW 5105 35 39 42 93 91 89 29 68 67 66 Mdrida 20 58N7S9 38\V 72 56 59 61 97 95 94 21 80 79 77 Mexico City 19 24N799 r2\V 7575 33 37 39 83 81 79 25 61 60 59 Monterrey 25 40N7100 18W 1732 31 38 41 98 95 93 20 79 78 77 Vera Cruz 19 12N/96 08VV 184 55 60 62 91 89 88 12 83 83 82 MOROCCO

33 35N77 39W 164 36 40 42 94 90 86 50 73 72 70 NEPAL

2" 42N785 12E 4388 30 33 35 89 87 86 25 78 77 76 NETHERLANDS Amsterdam 52 23N74 55E 5 17 20 23 79 76 73 10 65 64 'JO NEW GUINEA Manokwari 0 52S/134 n5E 62 70 71 ' 72 89 88 87 12 82 81 81 Point Moresby 9 29S/147 09E 126 62 67 69 92 91 90 14 80 80 79 NEW ZEALAND Auckland 36 51S/174 46E 140 37 40 42 78 77 76 14 67 66 65

Christ Church 43 32S/172 37E 32 25 28 31 82 79 76 17 68 67 66 Wellington 41 17S/174 46E 394 32 35 37 76 74 72 14 66 65 64 NICARAGUA

12 10N786 15W 135 62 65 67 94 93 92 21 81 80 79 NIGERIA 6 27N/3 24E 10 67 70 71 92 91 90 12 82 82 81 NORWAY

Bergen 60 24N/5 19E 141 14 17 20 75 74 73 21 67 66 65

Oslo 59 50N/10 44E 308 - 2 0 4 79 77 74 17 67 66 64

82 c
Climatic Conditions for Other Foreign Countries (Continued)

Col. 1 Country and Station

Cof. 2

Latitude and

Longitude

o /

Co/. 3

E/evation, Ft

Winter

Mean

of Annual

Ex. tremes

Col. 4

99%

Col. 5

Detign Dry-Bulb

Co/. 6 Ouf-

°?'

Range

F deg

Col. 7

Detign Wet-Bulb

1% 1% 2i% 5%

PAKISTAN 22 21N791 50E 87 48 52 54 93 91 89 20 82 81 81 Karachi 24 48N766 59

13 45 49 51 100 98 95 14 82 82 81

31 35N/74 20E 702 32 35 37 109 107 105 27 83 82 81 Peshwar 34 OlN/71 35E 1164 31 35 37 109 106 103 29 81 80 79 PANAAAA AND CANAl ZONE

8 58N/79 33W 21 69 72 73 93 92 91 18 81 81 80 PARAGUAY

25 17S/57 30W 456 35 43 46 100 98 96 24 81 81 80

PERU

12 05S/77 03W 394 51 53 55 86 85 84 17 76 75 74

PHRIPPINES 14 35N/120 59E 47 69 73 74 94 92 91 20 82 81 81 POLAND

50 04N/19 57E 723 - 2 2 6 84 81 78 19 68 67 66

52 13N721 02E 394 - 3 3 8 84 81 78 19 71 70 68 PORTUGAL

38 43N/9 08W 313 32 37 39 89 86 83 16 69 68 67 PUERTO RICO

18 29N/66 07W 82 65 67 68 89 88 87 11 81 80 79

RUAAANIA 44 25N/26 06E 269 - 2 3 8 93 91 89 26 72 71 70

SAUDI ARABIA 26 17N/50 09E 80 39 45 48 111 110 108 32 86 85 84 Jedda 21 28N/39 lOE 20 52 57 60 106 103 100 22 85 84 83 24 IQNMfi 42F, 1938 29 37 40 110 108 106 32 78 77 76 SENEGAL

14 42N/17 20W 131 58 61 62 95 93 91 13 81 80 80 SOMALIA

2 02N/49 19E 39 67 69 70 91 90 89 12 82 82 81 SOUTH AFRICA 33 56S/18 29E 55 36 40 42 ' 93 90 86 20 72 71 70 Johannesburg 26 llS/78 A 1, kJ / 1 O OSR V-'O J_J 5463 26 31 34 85 83 81 24 70 69 69 25 45S/28 14E 4491 27 32 35 'JL 87 85 23 70 69 68

SOVIET UNION Alma Ata 43 14N/76 53E 2543 -18 -10 - 6 88 86 83 21 69 68 67 Archangel 64 33N/40 32E 22 -29 -23 -18 75 71 68 13 60 58 57

Kaliningrad 54 43N720 30E 23 - 3 + 1 6 83 80 77 17 67 66 65 Krasnoyarsk 56 01 N/92 57E 498 -41 -32 -27 84 80 76 12 64 62 60

50 27N730 30E 600 -12 - 5 + 1 ,87 84 81 22 69 68 67

50 00N736 14E 472 — 19 — 10 _ 3 87 84 82 23 69 68 67 Kuibyshev 53 11 N/50 06E 190 -23 -19 -13 89 85 81 20 69 67 66

59 56N/30 16E 16 -14 - 9 - 5 78 75 72 15 65 64 63 Minsk 53 54X/27 33E 738 -19 -11 - 4 80 77 74 16 67 66 65

55 46N/37 40E 505 -19 -11 - 6 84 81 78 21 69 67 65 Odessa 46 29N/30 44E 214 - 1 4 8 87 84 82 14 70 69 68

Petropavlovsk 52 53N/158 42E 286 - 9 - 3 0 70 68 65 13 58 57 56

Rostov on Don 47 13N/39 43E 159 - 9 - 2 4 90 87 84 20 70 69 68

Sverdlovsk 56 49N/60 38E 894 -34 -25 -20 80 76 72 16 63 62 60 Tashkent 41 20N/69 18E 1569 - 4 3 8 95 93 90 29 71 70 69

Tbilisi 41 43N/44 48E 1325 12 18 22 87 85 83 18 68 67 66

Vladivostok 43 07N/131 55E 94 -15 -10 - 7 80 77 74 11 70 69 68

Volgograd 48 42N/44 3 IE 136 -21 -13 - 7 93 89 86 19 71 70 69

SPAIN Barcelona 41 24N/2 09E 312 31 33 36 88 86 84 13 75 74 73

40 25N/3 41W 2188 22 25 28 93 91 89 25 71 69 67

39 28N/0 23VV 79 31 33 37 92 90 88 14 75 74 73 SUDAN

15 37N/32 33E 1279 47 53 56 109 107 104 30 77 76 75 SURINAM

5 49N/55 09W 12 66 68 70 93 92 90 18 82 82 81 SWEDEN

59 21N/18 04E 146 3 5 8 78 74 72 15 64 62 60

SWITZERLAND

47 23N/8 33E 1617 4 9 14 84 81 78 21 68 67 66

SYRIA 33 30N/36 20E 2362 25 29 32 102 100 98 35 72 71 70 TAIWAN

22 57N/120 12E 70 40 46 49 92 91 90 14 84 83 82

Tkipei 25 02N/121 31E 30 41 44 47 94 92 90 16 83 82 81

83c
Table C2

Earth Temperature Tables

for

Underground Heat Distribution System Design

The following Tables TG-1 through TG-11 were developed by applying

monthly average temperatures prepared by the U. S. Weather Bureau for

many localities in the United States to a technique described in the 1965

ASHEAE technical paper entitled "Earth Temperature and Thermal Diffusivity at Selected Stations in the United States" by T. Kusuda and P. R.

Achenbach. These temperature data are, however, for the undisturbed

earth. The earth temperature immediately under the building may be estimated by taking an arithmetic average of the building temperature and

the design earth temperature found in the appropriate table. For example, the floor on grade in the Washington, D. C. area may be treated as

a slab of 12" thickness with ground temperature of 70.5 °F if the room

temperature is 75 °F and the summer design TG is determined from the

data of Upper Marlboro, Maryland for ALPHA = 0.025 which is 66 °F.

84c
Table TG-1

DRY SOIL

A\/ERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURE IN DEfi. F» T6

r*-lFRM Al W T PCI IQ T U T TY Tim PT*ifc3/WR AIDUA" A1A

WMTFR CDP T Pr ALL Al 1 VP1 r MKAD AUOUKN» ALADAJViA ou • nl .

-7 1 £ CI ob

UCvA 1 UK f MLAoAr'tA oc. • C f 1 /• c

r>D . ri D . CO59.

rAuvlt_K AAcb^ AL-ASKA J L t ^ 1 II 0 1*;

/I 1

«+ 1 . Od. » O't . f J

no . oo • O 7 . 77 7Q 7'a 7n' u •

-T •»

f O . rtO . Aa 771 1 » ox* nx . 75> 7? A7Of.

'*o » c;A no . ^ 1 HO • u'D . CO CDOA . KO . fiAlMP^UTl i Pf PI A o ^ • f XJ • 77 77 . 7"»

f 0 « J ? • n X . 79 . 7? . Aft MOSCOW* IJAHO 43. 42 » 52

52 . 47.

LEM0NT» lLLIrJOl<i 46. 45. 59

59

52

URBaMA* Ti 1 T[\iriT*^ 4ft- li7 . ox. 0 u . 0^ . WhST LAPAYPTTPf TTjO 47. 47 . ox. ^a

AiViE<N» lOWu 44 . 60

r7£ . 47. 49 . 66 . 65

. IVJ . CASTANA» iOWA 42. 61

59. SIX -. roLiKirTl hi liPPQfTAyLA 47- a.7 • SR

C,.ARATOfiA • TOijuA U 1 H U . ei7 - aQH 7 . Q Ph iM P W • 1 r» \a. A •tc . C^A D » . nu

r^ARn^M r 1 T Y # k At'^tCilC UA c t r> . r)D . AA00 . <sA no . rw'ii^.\j-jATTAi\i* I'lMt^ TM 1 1 HIM f KAkiQAC iaHWjH^ lA . ~ u • OH • AUOH .a no^nA . Mf^lliviH WAl 1 PYauAMCAC .

<^ A A00A « An0 If

C 1 3 X . 3t

OH . I^A nn . U"rtK PMAnL-nUKU' i»IU • tlA 00 . o«j . oo . CM^ 1 UANoilNiO* Mxun* a*; •J . n f » c,7 c^n nu . PAlf^MnfSjT« 'i/lTMiviPQi'^TA . CLA S7 . nu . PAWTFiAlil T.fJlTMKiP^riTA ^ u . an. . H f •

*f u

=;7 RA aQH7 . UJA^cr'A V»MJtv-A* MPut

J.FmMPCATa NImCzjU 1 A

ii•iOA . i^Q Cia DH . (Nn nu .

* f J » 7"^ A70 / . ix7 1 OX. <^a kAfslCA^ rTTY# •TO . aQ AlOX.• 00 . ^iKpqton. OXrvcolWiNf MT^cniluT ["IXOriV/LiKX - t\a

ft7 . A7- AO0 u . c^pVrkARn. wiTciQniifc^i aQ- A?oc .. SS

R(j/PMAM* D V/ w r_ I'l M 1 N f ViOMTaMA I'lvyiN 1 HI'<M ^ ^ . ^7 - 48 . HJ . UllMTt nvjl>J 1 L-CPY«3 9 ^.i^MTAMA i^i\J\^ 1 At>JM aa <^A S7 - c^n

1LX)N^UL.I>if 1 MPni M» jjPRPACkA HC-Dr\A3lSU ou . A(l 0 u .. OJ . IMk .M RRlJM^iAi T CK • Ni I UA . aA

60

S4

T TH aP A • Mi^UJ Y(^(dK a"\ - «>UJ** -. sa - 49.

C0LU,vi8US» OHIO 47. 47. 59. 60. 53.

CObHOCTONf OHIO 46. 46. 58. 58. 52.

WUOST£K» OHIO 46. 46. 58. 58. 52.

BaKnSDALL* OKLAHOMA 56. 57. 69. 69. 63.

LAKr HEFNER* OKLA. 56. 57. 70. 71. 64.

PA.-.t-tUSKA» OKLAHOMA 54. 55. 68. 68. 61.

OirAWAf o.jtario 42. 39. >S4. 52. 47.

C0K,/ALLIS» OREGO.J 50. 51. 61. 60. 55.

HoOu tiL\JEH, ORE60.M 46. 48. 57. 57. 52.

85 c
A\/£f<AGE £AkTH temperature 1. 4 DF.f;. F» TS

Thermal diffusivity in ft**2/hr alpha= .010

'^T'vTTriKi cTA-rcic -JTAIIUN SIAItb* COD T M/Z P ALL T C. AK

M£L)FORUr OREGON 51

.

52. 61 . 61

.

56.

PtiNiOLETOlNi OREGOfsi • 49. 61

.

60

.

54.

STATE COLLFGEr PA. 45. 59. 58 . 52.

KINGSTOfvl* R. I. 45. 43. 55. 56

.

50

.

CHi_HOUfM» S.CAROL I UA 56

.

5ft. 70

.

69. 63.

MADISON* S. DAKOTA UO

.

40

.

54

.

54

.

47.

JAtKSONf 1 ENNEbSFt b5 . 55 . 66 . 64

.

59 . TEMPLE r TcXAS 65. 77. 11

,

71.

ShLT LmaL ClTr^UVAi; 45. 56. 55. 50.

boKL 1 .NiGTO.M » Vc.R-^'O.njT t*2. 40. 54. 53. 48.

PuL.L '-'iAN r AS|-iii\6TO!o 43. 46. 55. 52. 50.

ScaTTlE » ,vASHIt>iGTO j 48. 50. 56. 56. 53.

AFT0N» WYOMING 43. 43. 53. 53. 48.

86c
Table TG-2

AVERAGE SOIL

A.yERAGE £AkTH TEMPERATURE In UEG. F» TG

Thermal diffusivity in ft**2/hr alpha= .025

bTATION STATES WINTER SPRING SUMMER Fall YEAR

AUuuKM» Alabama 57. 61. 71. 70. 65.

DtCATUR» ALABAMA U9. 53. 69. 66. 59.

PauMER AAES» ALASKA 29. 30. 15. 11. 36.

TEMPEr ARIZONA 58. 63. 77. 71. 68.

TUCSON* ARIZONA 65. 69. 80. 80. 73.

BRAtfJLEYr CALIFORNIA 66. 73. 87. 85. 77.

DAVIS» CAulFORMlA 57. 60. 76, 73. 67.

FT. COLLINS* COLO. to. 11. 62. 57. 51.

STORKS* CONN. 11. 62. 59. 52.

GmInlSVILlE* FLA. 61. 71. 79. 78. 73.

ATHENS* GEORGIA 55. 60. 75. 73. 66.

MOSCOt^/* lOAHO 10. 12. 55. 53. 17.

LEMoNT* Illinois 12. 11. 61. 60. 52.

URdANA* ILLINOIS 12. 17. 65. 61. 53.

WEST LAFAYETTE* IimO 13. 17. 66. 62. 51.

AmES* IOWA 39. 11. 67, 61. 52.

BuRLINGTOU* IOWA 12. 18. 71. 66. 56.

CASTANA* IO.VA 36 . 11. 66. 61. 51.

COUNCIL BLUFFS* lOwA 12. 17. 67, 63. 55.

SARATOGA* IOWA 37. 39. 61, 58. 19.

SPEivlCER* IOWA 37. 11. 62. 58. 50.

GAROElN CITY* KANSAS 12. 51. 71. 67. 58.

MANHATTAN* KANSAS 11. 19. 68. 65. 56.

MOUiNjD VALi-EY»KANSAS 17. 51. 72. 69. 60 . LEXINGTON* KENTUCKY 17. 51. 69. 65. 58.

UPPER MARLRORO* MO. 11. 19. 66. 61. 56.

EAST LANSING* MICH. 11. 11. 61. 58. 50.

FAIRMONT* MINNESOTA 38. 13. 63. 57. 50.

FARIBAULT* MINNESOTA 36. 38. 59. 51. 17.

ST. PAUL* MINNESOTA 38. 38. 62, 57. 19.

WASECA* MINNESOTA 36. 17. 61. 51. 50.

STATE UNI V . * MISS. 56. 62. 76. 71. 67.

FAUCETT* MISSOURI 13. 15. 65. 61. 51.

KANSAS CITY* MO. 11. 18. 65. 62. 55.

SIKESTON* MISSOURI 18. 51. 72. 68. 60.

SPICKARD. MISSOURI 17. 18. 63. 61. 55.

BOZEMAN* i-iONTANA 36. 36. 53. 19. 13.

HUNTLEY* -lONTANA 10. 13. 63. 57. 50.

LINCOLN* NEBRASKA 10. 11. 65. 61. 53.

NEW BRUNSWICK. N.J. 11. 17. 63. 61. 51.

ITHACA* NEW York 11. 11. 58. 51. 19.

COLiJMBUS* OHIO 13. 16. 63. 61. 53.

CuSmOCTON* OHIO 12. 15. 61. 59. 52.

WOOSTER* OHIO 12. 15. 62. 59. 52.

BARnSDALL* OKLAHOMA 53. 56. 73. 70. 63.

LmKE HEFnlR* OKLA. 52. 56. 71. 72. 61.

PAWHUSKA* OKLAHOMA 50. 51. 72. 66. 61

OTTAWA* O..TARIO 39. 37. 58. 52. 17.

CORVALLIS* OREGO.v. 17. 50. 61. 60. 55.

HOOO RIVER* OREGON 13. 1H. 59. 57. 52.

87 c
Ax/ERAGc EARTH TEMPERATURE liM GEG. F» TG

Thermal diffusivity in ft**2/hr alpha= .025

<^TATTriKi cTatcc iij 1 mTPd aWK 1 r>(« r ALL V C" A T c A •o • r>2 .

£. It Oi . bo

Dfc. M.-\l C"T,'^K| . C\OC d/^^ t Ix 1 liQ OJ . nX .

c; ii c T A T »r r'rii I cr'C^ Da • no. CO b2

»/Til/*CTr\M- 0 T

IV 1 Hbb 1 UN » H • it ii 1 II 1 C Q Of. bU

3 / . 7 J . fO . oo

^0 • 37. a7H f JaCkSON» TENNESSEE 50. 55. 69. 64. 59

TEMPLE » TcXAS 61. 65. Al. 77. 71

salt lake CITY»UTmH 1*0. 45. 60. 56. 50

bUKLIN6T0iJ» VERVu-)uT 39. 3ft. 59. 54. Ufi PULLMAN* -jASHINGTON <I0. 45. 58. 52. 50

StATTLE» ,.ASHIN6Tun 46. 50. 59. 56. 53

AFT0N» WYOMING 41. 42. 56. 53. 48

88c
Table TG-3

WET SOIL

A;,'r:RAG£ EAftTH TFMPERATURE IN DEC-,. Ff TG

THERNiAL DIFFUSIVITY IN FT**2/HR ALPHA= .050

bTATlOiN STATES WINTER SPRING SUMMER FALL YEAR

AUbJRN» AuABAMA 5^. 61. 76. 70. 65.

DLCaTUR» ALABAMA 1+6. 53. 71. 65. 59.

PALMER AAtSf ALASKA 27. 30. 48. 41. 36.

TEp-iPE* ARIZONA 56. 64. 79. 74. 68.

TuCSON» Ak1Z0;>JA 62. 69. 82. 81. 73.

BKAwLEY* CALIFORNIA 63. 73. 90. 84. 77.

DAVISf CAuIFORMIa 55. 60. 78. 73. 67.

FT. COLLI, .5» COLO. 37. 45. 65. 56. 51

SlOnRSt CuUN. 4-0. 44. 65. 59. 52.

GmI,JESVIll.E» FLA. 58. 72. •^1. 79. 73.

ATrirrNSr GEORGIA 52. 61. 78. 73. 66.

MOSCOW* I(jAHO 38. 42. 57. 53. 47.

LcMOivjTr Illinois 39. 44. 67. 60

52.

UKdANAf li_LlrJOlS 39. 47. 68. 60

53.

lA/LbT LAFArETT£» l^^n 40. 47. 69. 62. 54.

Ai>'iC.S» IOam 35. 44. 70. 61. 52.

BuRL1NGT0iJ» lOV.A 38. 48. 74. 66. 56.

CASTANAf iOWA 32. 42. 70. 61. 51.

COUNCIL huuFFSr I.i*A 39. 47. 70. 63. 55.

SARATOGA* IOWA 33. 39. 68. 58. 49.

St-t.,jCER» lOvVA 33. 42. 66. 58. 50.

GmKOEN CITYi KANSAS 38. 52. 74. 67. 58.

MmuhATTAjv.* KANSAS UO. 49. 72. 65

56.

MOO.jN VALuEY I. KANSAS 55. 75. 69. 60 . LtAl,\iGTON« KENTUCKY 51. 72. 65. 58.

UPPER MARubORO' -lU. 4.1. 49. 69. 64. 56.

East la.'JSIng» mich. 39. 41. o4. 57. 50.

FaIR-viONT, vI!nI,\;ES0TA 35. 43. 67. 57. 50.

FARldAULT.MlNrgESOTA 34. .18. 62. 54. 47.

ST. PAUL* MINNESOTA 35. 38. 65. 57. 49.

WASECA» MINNESOTA 31. 49. 67. 53. 50.

STATE UNI^.» MISS. 53. 62. 78. 74. 67.

FAUCETT* .-.ISSOURI 41. 45. 68. 61 . 54.

KAjmSAS Cl I Y f MO. 41. 48. 68. 61. 55.

SIKESTON. MISSOURI 45. 54. 75. 68. 60 . ShICKAkJ. MlSSOU.^l 44. 48. 65. 64. 55.

bi-^^EMAN* ,.,0NTAI>IA 34. 35. 57. 48. 43.

Hui'iTLEY* .'.ONTANA 37. 43. 66. 57. 50.

LlNCOLIvi* .jFBRASKa 36. 44. 68. 62. 53.

Nt/i BRUNSvjICKf N.u, 41. 47. 66. 62. 54.

ITHACA. NEa YORK 39. 41. 61. 54. 49.

CuLNMBUS. OHIO 40. 47. 65. 61. 53.

CUbHOCTON. OHIO 40. 45. 64. 60. 52.

wOOSTERf UN 10 40. 45. 65. 59. 52.

RmR jSDALl. OKlAho.iA 50. 56. 75. 70. 63.

LAKr HEFNc'^f OKLA. 49. 57. 77. 73. 64.

pArtfiUSKA r OKLAHOMA 48. 54. 75. 68. fSl . OTT„,.A» o.mTAKIO 37. 37. 61. 51. 47.

CORvaLLIS* 0RFG0\ 45. 51. 67. nO . 55.

HWO . RIVEK. OREGw.M 41. 49. 61. 57. 52.

89c
A\/EftA6E EAr^TH TEMPERATURE In 0E6. F» TG

THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY IN FT**2/HR ALPHA= .050

bTATIOiM STATES WINTER SPRING SUMMER FALL YEAR

.viLL)FO«L)» OHEGor^j 46. 52. 66. 61. 56.

Pt..>i.)L£TON» OREGOa) 38. 50. 68. 60. 54.

STATE COLuEGEr PA. (»0. a4. 66. 59. 52.

Kl.Mi-,STON» R. i. 39. 41. 61. 57. 50.

CAL.-(OUN» S.CAROLTiJA •+9. 58. 76. 69. 63.

Mt\0(SOUf b. DAKOTA 33. 38. 62. 55. 47.

JACKSONr fENNFSSet 48. 55. 72. 64. 59.

TEMPLE* TcXAS 58. f»5. 84. 77. 71.

SALT LAKE CITY»UTaH 37. 45. 62. 55. 50.

abKLlNGTO„i» VERMONT 37. 38. 62. 54. 48.

PULLi>lAN» .vASHlMGTOfJ 37. 45. 60. 50. 50.

SEATTLE* AiASHINGTOfi 44. 50. 60. 56. 53.

AFTOiNj» rtYoMlNft 39. 42. 59. 53. 48.

90c
Table C3

Thermophysical Properties of Wall/Roof /Floor

Reprinted by permission from 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals (American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345

East 47th Street, New York, New York), p. 431.

91c
Thermal Properties and Code Numbers of Layers Used in Calculations of

Coefficients for Wall and Roof Transfer Functions

Code Thickness and Thermal Propertied Oes^ripthn Number

I K 0 SH R

Outside surface resistance AO 0.333

1' stucco (asbestos cement or wood siding

plaster, etc.) Al 0.0833 0.4 116 0.20 A2 0.333 0.77 125 0.22

CtAol QirlincT fnliiminiim nr ntVipr litrVit-wpitrVtt cladding) A3 0.005 26.0 480 0.10

Outside surface resistance, 0.333

k' slag, memhrane A4 6.0417 0.83 55 0.40 and r felt 0.0313 0. 11 70 0.40

Outside surface resistance A5 0.333

Finish A6 0.0417 0.24 78 0.26

Air space resistance Bl 0.91

1' insulation • B2 0.083 0.025 2.0 0.2

2' insulation B3 0.167 0.025 2.0 0.2

3' insulation B4 0.25 0.025 2.0 0.2

1' insulation B5 0.0833 0.025 5.7 0.2

2' insulation B6 0.167 0.025 5.7 0.2

1' wood B7 0.0833 0.07 37 .0 0.6

2.5' wood B8 0.2083 0.07 37.0 0.6

4' wood B9 0.333 0.07 37 .0 0.6

2* wood BIO 0.167 0.07 37 .0 0.6

3' wood Bll 0.25 0.07 37 .0 0.6

3' insulation Bi2 0.25 0.025 5.7 0.2

4' clay tile CI 0.333 0.33 70.0 0,2

4' l.w. onncrpte block C2 0.333 0.22 38.0 0.2

4' h.w. concrete block 03 0.333 0.47 61 .0 0.2

4' common brick C4 0.333 0.42 120 0.2

4' h.w. concrete C5 0.333 1 .0 140 0.2

8' clay tile C6 0.667 IL3.3^ 70 0.2

S' l.w. concrete block C7 0.667 0.31 38.0 0.2

8' h.w. concrete block C8 0.667 0.6 61 .0 0.2

8' common brick C9 0.667 0 .42 120 0.2

8' h.w . concrete CIO 0.667 1 .0 140 0.2

12' h.w. concrete Cll 1.0 ] .0 140 0.2

2* h.w. concrete C12 0.167 1 .0 140 0.2

6' h.w. concrete C13 0.5 1 .0 140 0.2

4' l.w. concrete C14 0.333 0.1 40

6' l.w. concrete Clo 0.5 0.1 40 0.2

S'l.w. concrete Cl6 0.667 0.1 40 0.2

lr\side surface resistance EO 0.685 r plaster; J' gypsum or other similar finish- ing layer El 0.0625 0.42 100 0.2

i' slag or stone E2 0.0417 0.83 55 0.40 r felt & membrane E3 0.0313 0.11 70 0.40

Ceiling air space E4 1.0

Acoustic Tile E5 0.0625 0.035 30 0.20

• Unite: L -= feet. K - Btu per (hr) (sq ft) (F deg). B = lb per cu ft. SH = Btu per (lb) (F deg). R = (hr) (»q ft) (F deg) per Btu.

92 c
Table C4

Typical Watt/ft. of floor area data

Lighting Equipment

Apartment 1.7 1.2

Office 5.0 1.0

Department Stores 4.0 0.0

School 5.0 0.0

93c
Table C5

Shading Coefficients

Reprinted by permission from the 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals (American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345

East 47th Street, New York, New York), pp. 402-408.

94 c
Shading Coefficients for Single Glass and

Insulating Glass*

A. Singh G/oM

Type of Olass Nominal

Thlckneji'" Solor Trans.

Shodlng C<

/io = 4.0.

>efflclent

ho = 3.0

Regular Sheet 0 87 1 00 1.00 Regular Plate/ 0 80 0 95 0.97

Float 0 75 0 91 0.93

0 71 0 88 0.91 Grey Sheet i 0 59 0 78 0.80

A 0 74 0 90 0.92 0 45 0 66 0.70

A 0 71 0 88 0.90

i 0 67 0 86 0.88

Heat-Absorbing A 0 52 0 72 0.75

Plate/Float* i 0 47 0 70 0.74

i 0 33 0 56 0.61

i 0 24 0 50 0.57

6. Insulating Glas^

Type of Glass

Nominal

Solar Trans,'' Shading

Coefficient

Thick- ness' Outer Pane

Inner Pane

ho = 4.0ho = 3.0

Regular Sheet Out, ] Regular Sheet In / 0.87 0.87 0.90 0.90

Regular Plate/Float Out, \ Regular Plate/Float In / i 0.80 0.80 0.83 0.83

Heat-Abs Plate /Float Oiit,\

Regular Plate/Float In / 1 0.46 0.80 0.56 0.58

' Refers to factory-fabricated units with A, i, or J 'i. air space or to prime windows plus storm windows.

Refer to manufacturer's iitrrature for values.

° Thickness of each pane of glass, not thickness of assembled unit. ^ Refers to grey, bronze, and green tinted heat-absorbing plate/float glass.

95 c
Shading Coefficients for Single Glass with Indoor Shading by Venetian Blinds and Roller Shades

Type of Shading

Type of Glass Nominal Solar Venetian Blinds

Roller Shade

Thickness' Trans.^ Opaque Translucent

Medium Light Daric White Lignt

Regular Sheet Regular Plate/Float Regular Pattern Heat^Absorbing Pattern Grey Sheet

A to \

i to i

i to A

i

0.87-0.801 0.80-0.71 0.87-0.79

0.74,0.71

0.64 0.55 0.59 0.25

Heal^Absorbing Plate/Float'' Heat^Absorbing Pattern Grey Sheet

JL 1 a! 1 0.46 ] — \ 0.59,0.45J

0.57 0.53 0.45 0.30 0.36

Heat-Absorbing Plate/Float

or Pattern HeatrAbsorbing Plate/Float'' a

B 0.44-0.301 0.34 / 0.54 0.52 0.40 0.28 0.32

Heat^Absorbing Plate

or Pattern 0.29-0.151 0.24 / 0.42 0.40 0.36 0.28 0.31

Reflective Coated

Glass

S.C." = 0.30 0.40

0.50

0.60

0.25 0.33

0.42 0.50

0.23 0.29

0.38

0.44

• Refer to manufacturer's literature for values.

° For vertical blinds with opaque white and beige louvers in the tightly closed position, SC is 0.25 and 0.29 when used with glass of 0.71 to 0.80 transmittaoce.

J Shading CoefTicient for glass with no shading device. ° Refers to grey, bronze, and green tinted heat-absorbing plate/float glass.

Shading Coefficients for Insulating Glass^ with Indoor Shading by Venetian Blinds and Roller Shades

Solar Trans.^ Type of Shading

Type of Class Nomina/Thickness, each light

Venetian Blinds" Roller Shade

Outer inner Opaque Translucent Pone Pone Medium Light Doric White Light

Regular Sheet Out 1 Regular Sheet In j Regular Plate/Float Out 1 Regular Plate/Float In /

A, i

4

0.87

0.80

0.87"

0.80

0.57 0.51 0.60 0.25 0.37

Heat-Absorbins Plate Float'' Out ] RegiJar Plate/Float In /

1

i 0.46 0.80 0.39 0.36 0.40 0.22 0.30

Reflective Coated Glass SC« = 0.20 0.30

0.40

0.19

0.27

0.34

0.18

0.26

0.33

* Refers to factory-fabricated units with A. i. or ^ in. air 5"pace, or to prime windows plus storm windows.

° Refer to msnufaciurer's literature for exact vnlues.

* For vCPlloiii oUnds with opaque white or be ige louvers, tightly closed, SC is approximately the same as for opaque white roller shades. ^Refers to bronze or green tinted heat-absorbing plate/fioat glass.

* Shading Coefficient for glass with no shading device.

96c
Properties of Representative Indoor Shading

Sotar Properff'ei (N ormal Incidence] inaoor dnaae

Troru, Reflect. Absorp.

i/^notioti T<lin/iL;* f t? 1 1 ir\ r\( clot Width to sldt sp3.cing 1 .2, sl&t

0.05 0.55 0.40 Medium Colored Slat o!o5 0,35 0.60

Vertical Blinds White Louvers 0.00 0.77 0.23

Roller Shades

Light Shades (Translucent) 0.25 0.60 0.15 White Shade (Opaque* 0.00 0.80 0.20 Dark Colored Shade (Opaque) 0.00 0.1- 0.88

* The values shown in thia table and preceding tables are based on horizontal Venetian blinds. However, testa show these values may be used for vertic&l blinds with good accuracy.

Shading Coefficients for Double Glazing with Between-Glass Shading

Nominal Sofor Trans.^ Type of Shading

Type of Clais

Thickness, Description of Air Space Venetian Blinds each Outer Pone

Inner Pane

Louvered pane

Light Medium Sun Screen

Regular Sheet Out 1 Regular Sheet In f Regular Plate Out 1 Regular Plate In J A

0.87)

0.80j

0.87|

0.80j

Shade in contact with glass or shade

separated from glass by air space. Shade in contact with gla»s-voids

filled with plastic.

0.33 0.36 0.43

0.49

Heat-Abs. 1 Plate/Flo.at'' Out \ Regular Plate In J

1

4 0.46 0.80 Shade in contact with glass or shade

separated from glass bv air space. Shade in contact with glass-voids

filled with plastic.

0.28 0.30 0.37

0.41

" Refer to manufacturer's literature for exact values.

^ Refers to grey, bronze, and green tinted heat-absorbing plate/float glass.

97c
Shading Coefficients for Single and insulating Glass with Draperies

C/ou Glau Shading Ce»ffieitnl for InJt* l»tt»rs in Fig. 10*

Trans. SC* A B C D E F G H 1 J

Single Glas.'

i in. Regular 0.80 0 95 0 35 0 40 0 45 0 50 0 55 0 60 0 65 0 70 0 75 0 80

t ill. Regular 0.71 0 88 0 35 0 39 0 43 0 48 0 52 0 56 0 61 0 66 0 70 0 74

J in. Heat Ahs. 0.46 0 67 0 33 0 36' 0 38 0 41 0 44 0 46 0 49 0 52 0 54 0 57

1 in. Heat Alis. 0.34 0 57 0 32 0 34 0 36 0 38 0 41 0 43 0 45 0 47 0 49 0 51

i in. Heat Abs. 0,24 0 50 0 30 0 32 0 33 0 34 0 36 0 38 0 39 0 40 0 42 0 43

Reflective Coaled 0 60 0 33 0 36 0 38 0 41 0 43 0 46 0 49 0 51 0 54 0 57

(Sec Maiiufficturers' literature U n\) U u •M u U

QAOO A

u AU

A

U

A 1 A

U 0 44 AI) for exact values) — 0 40 0 26 0 27 0 28 0 29 0 30 0 32 0 33 0 34 0 35 0 36

0 30 0 20 0 21 0 21 0 22 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 24 0 24 0 25

Insulating Glass (i in. Air Space)

Regular Out and Regular In 0.64 0 83 0 35 0 37 0 42 0 45 0 48 0 52 0 56 0 58 0 62 0 66 Heat Abs. Out and Regular In 0.37 0 56 0 32 0 33 0 35 0 37 0 39 0 41 0 43 0 45 0 47 0 49

Reflective Coated 0 40 0 28 0 28 0 29 0 31 0 32 0 34 0 36 0 37 0 37 0 38

(see Manufacturers' literature 0 30 0 24 0 24 0 25 0 25 0 26 0 26 0 27 0 27 0 28 0 29

for exact values) 0 20 0 15 0 15 0 16 0 16 0 17 0 17 0 18 0 18 0 19 0 19

* For fUsa alono, with no drapery.

** ShadioK coefficient values for the SC lines in Fig. 10 for representative glazings. Substitute for the SC index letters in Fig. 10 the values on the line of the

glaaing selected.

Shading Coefficients for Louvered

Sun Screens

Profile Angle, deg '

Group 1 Group 2

Trans- mlttance SCTrans- miftonce SC

1020

30

40 and above

0.23 0.06

0.04

0.04

0.35

0.17

0.15

0.15

0.25

0.14 0.12

0.11

0.33

0.23

0.21 0.20

Profile Angle, deg

Group 3 Group 4

Trans- mlttonce SCTrammittance SC

102030

40 and above

0.40

0.32

0.21

0.07

0.51 0.42

0.31 0.18

0.48

0.39 0.28

0.20

0.59 0.50 0.38

0.30

Group 1. Black, width over spacing ratio 1.15/1, 23 louvers per inch. Group 2. Light color, high reflectance, otherwise same as Group 1. Group 3. Black or dark color, w/s ratio 0.85/1, 17 louvers per inch. Group 4. Light color or unpainted aluminum, high reflectance, otherwise unie as Group 3. t/-value =0.83 Btuh/(8q ft)(F deg) for all groups when used with single

glazing.

98c
Rg. ' .... Terminology for Domed Skylights

Table 23 .... Shading Coefficients for Domed Skylights

Dome

Light

Diffuser [JronshcenI)

Curb (S

Height, in.

se Fig. )

Width Io Height Ratio

Shading

Coefficient U-Value

Clear yes 0 0.01 0.46 T=0.86 T = 0.58 9 5 0.5S 0. 13 18 2.5 0.50 0 40

Clear 0 00 0.99 0.80

T = 0.86 None 9 5 0.88 0.75

18 2.5 0.80 0.70

0 00 0.57 0.80

Translucent None 9 5 0.51 0.75

T = 0.52 18 2.5 0.46 0.70

0 00 0.34 0.80

Translucent None 9 5 0.30 0.75

T = 0.27 18 2.5 0.28 0.70

Shading Coefficients for Hollow Glass Block Wall Panels*

Type of Glass Block^ Description of Class Block

Shading Coeffic/enf

Panels'^ in the Sun

Panels' in the Shod*

(N, NW, W, SW)

Type I

Glass Colorless or Aqua

Smooth Face

A, D: Smooth

B, C: Smooth or wide ribs, or flutes horizontal or vertical, or shallow

configuration. E: None

0.05 0.40

Type lA Same as Type I except A: Ceramic Enamel on e.xterior face. 0.27 0.20

Type II Same as Type I except E: Glass fiber screen. 0.44 0.34

Type III

Glass Colorless or Aqua

A, D: Narrow vertical rilis or flutes. B, C: Horizontal light-tliffusing prisms, or horizontal light-directing prisms. E: Glass fiber screen.

0.33 0.27

Type IIIA

Same as Type III except E: Glass fiber screen wiih green ceramic spray coating, or glass fiber screen and gray glass, or glass fiber screen with light-selecting prisms.

0.25 o.is

* For glass block used in horizontal skylights see Tables 28 and 29. Chapter 26 of the 1903 ASHRAP: Guide And Data Book. AU values are for 7 J X 7J X 3 J in. block, set in light-colored mortar. For llj XllJ X3j in. block increase coefficients by 15 percent, and for 51 X

3} in. blocks reduce coefficients by 15 percent.

* Shading coefficient.'* are to be applied to Heat Gain Factors for one hour earher than the time for which the load calculation is made to allow for heat at< in the panel. ^ Shading coefficients are for peak load condition, but provide a close approximation for other conditions. For more precise values for other conditions, •ranee 20. * For N£, E, and SE panels in the shade add 50 percent to the values listed for panels in the shade.

99c
Table C6

Absorptivity of Materials to Solar Radiation

Reprinted by permission from Thermal Radiation Properties Survey (Honeywell Research Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1966), pp. 245-248,

100c
BUILDING MATERIALS, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY

Material Solar Absorptivity

BRICKS

Clay, cream, glazed 0. 36

Clay, Fleton, dark portion 0.63

Clay, Felton, light portion 0. 40

Lime clay, French 0.46

Gault, cream 0. 36 Light buff 0. 516

Light buff but darker than above 0. 60

Mottled purple 0. 77 Red 0. 699

Red, common and tiles 0. 68

Red, darker, glazed 0. 766 Red, wire-cut 0. 52

Stafford blue 0. 89

Stock, light fawn 0. 57 White glazed 0. 26 White glazed (2 specimens) 0. 25-0. 27 TILES

Clay, purple (dark) 0. 82

Clay, dark purple, machine-made 0. 81 Red 0.67

Red, hand-made 0.60

Red, light, Dutch 0.43

Red, light, machine- ade 0. 66

Red, light, machine-made 0. 62

Concrete, uncolored 0.65

Concrete, black 0.91

Concrete, dark 0.91

Concrete, brown 0. 85 Concrete, brown, very rough 0. 88

(Continued on next page)

101c
BUILDING MATERIALS, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY (Continued)

Material Solar Absorptivity

ASPHALT

^New, 3 specimens 0. 91 New, 3 specimens 0. 91 New, another specimen 0. 93 Pavement 0. 852 Pavement, free from dust 0. 928 Pavement, weathered, 3 specimens 0. 82

0. 83

0. 89

ROOFING

Bituminous felt, aluminized 0.40

Bituminous felt 0.88

Bituminous felt 0. 89

Bitumin-covered, brown 0.87

Sheet, green 0.86

Sheet, black matte surface 0.97

Sheet, black matte surface 0. 97 ASBESTOS CEMENT

Aged 0. 75 Aged 6 months 0. 61 Aged 12 months 0. 71 Aged 6 years, very dirty 0. 83

Red 0. 69

Red 0. 74 Washed with soap and water 0.40

White 0.61 White (2 samples) 0.49-0.42

LIMESTONE

Anston 0. 60

Bath 0. 53 Clipsham 0. 46

Indiana 0. 571 Ketton 0. 42

Portland 0. 36

Steetley 0. 33 SAND- LIME

Light-red 0. 55 Red 0. 68

White, fine sand 0.41

White, coarse sand 0. 50 MARBLE

White 0. 44 Ground, unpolished 0. 465

Cleavage 0. 592 GRANITE

Reddish 0. 55 FELDSPAR

K2O AI2O3 6Si02 0. 606 MORTAR SCREENED 0. 73

(Continued on next page)

102 c
BUILDING MATERIALS, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY (Continued)

Material Solar Absorptivity

SANDSTONE

Grey, Bristol pennant 0. 76 Polmaise, light fawn 0. 54

Stancliffe, light grey 0. 62

Woolton, red 0.73

WHITEWASH

On galvanized iron 0. 22 On galvanized iron 0. 22 On galvanized iron 0. 26 On galvanized iron, a very thick layer 0. 20 SLATE

Blue grey 0. 87

Blue, grey 0.85

Clay, dark 0.933

Greenish, grey, rough 0. 88 Grey, dark 0.90

Grey, dark, fairly rough 0. 90 Grey, dark, fairly rough 0. 90 Grey, dark, smooth 0.89

Purple 0. 86

Silver-grey, Norwegian 0. 79

BUILDING MATERIALS, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY

Building Materials Solar Absorptivity

Thickly tinned surface 0. 05 Wood, smoothly planed 0. 78 Basalt 0. 72 Red sandstone 0.60

Marble (white) 0.58

Granite 0.45

Dolomite lime 0.41 Clay shale 0.69

Paris plaster 0. 78 White plastered wall 0. 92

Gravel 0.29

Sand 0. 76 Glass 0.93

Sawdust 0. 75 Clay 0. 39

Red brick wall 0.93

103c
CLOTH, SOLAR REFLECTIVITY

Solar Reflectivity

QMl, cotton sheeting bleached, 4 oz per yd 0.62-0.66

QM2, cotton sateen prepared for dyeing, 9 oz per yd 0. 68-0. 72

QM4, cotton sateen undyed, 9 oz per yd 0.69-0.72

QM6, cotton sateen, medium gray, 9 oz per yd 0.53

QM7, cotton sateen dark gray, 9 oz per yd 0. 24

50 percent wool, 50 percent cotton knit, undyed, 10. 5 ozperyd 0.62

Cotton knit, undyed, 3 oz per yd 0.60

PARACHUTE CLOTH, SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY, REFLECTIVITY, AND TRANSMISSIVITY

Material Absorptivity Reflectivity Transmissivity

Dacron, 100 lb 0. 05 0. 35 0.60

Dacron, 300 lb 0. 11 0. 54 0. 35 Dacron, 600 lb 0. 12 0. 61 0. 27 Dacron, 800 lb 0. 19 0. 62 0. 19

Nylon rip- stop

(orange) 1. 1 oz per sq yd. 0. 13 0. 23 0.64

MIL-C-7020B Type I Nylon rip-stop

1. 1 oz per sq yd (white) 0. 08 0. 27 0.65

MIL-C-7020

Nylon rip-stop

1. 6 oz per sq yd (white) 0. 06 0. 22 0. 72 MIL-C-7020B Type HI

Nylon cloth 2. 25 oz per sq yd.

MIL-C-7350B Type I 0. 05 0. 36 0. 59 Nylon cloth 4. 30 oz per sq yd.

MIL-C-8021 Type I 0. 08 0. 44 0.48 Nylon cloth 7. 0 oz per sq yd, MIL-C-8021 Type II 0. 13 0. 46 0.41 Nylon cloth 14. 0 oz per sq yd,

MIL-C-8021 Type m 0. 11 0. 62 0. 27

104c
10. Appendix D

Fortran Listing of NBSLD

Although the attached Fortran listing of the NBSLD routine basical

embodies the algorithms of Appendix A, some of the subroutines are considerably simplified if compared with the exact adaptation of Appendix

A.

It is cautioned also that the Fortran used herein is the UNIVAC ve

sion of Fortran V, which is somewhat different from the ANSI standard

Fortran.

1 fflFCR • IS A 1 2 C NBSLD IS A RESEARCH PROGRAM THAT IS CONTINUALLY CHANGED AND UPDATED

3

4

CC

6

c

c NBSLD IS A RESEARCH PROGRAM OF NBS FOR THE PURPOSE OF

c STUDY! NG HEATING AND COOLING LOAD AND ROOM TEMPERATURE

8 c OF BUILDING UNDER ACTUAL WEATHER CONDITION

9 c A( I ) AREA OF SURFACE I, FT2

10 c ABSP( I

)

SOLAR HEAT ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT FOP SURFACE I.

1 1 c THIS DATA REQUIRED FOR OPAQUE SURFACES ONLY,

1 2 c AENDW AREA OF THE ATTIC END WALL, FT2

1 3 c AG GROUND HEAT TRANSFER AREA, FT2 (MAY=0.)

14 c A IRCHG NO. OF ATTIC AIR CHANGES PER HR, DAYTIME

1 5 c AIRNT ATTIC NIGHT TIME AIR CHANGE MULTIPLIER

1 6 c ARCHGS NO. OF AIR CHANGES PER HR IN SUMMER

1 ^ c ARCHGW NO. OF AIR CHANGES PER HR IN WINTER

1 8 c ATCACG NO. OF ATTIC AIR CHANGES PER HR (DAY OP NIGHT)

19 c A VEHTG AVERAGE HOURLY HEAT GAIN ENTIRE BUILDING, BTU/HP

20 c AZW( I

)

WALL AZIMUTH ANGLE FOR SURFACE I, DEGREES

21 c SOUTH = 0.

22 c WEST = 90,

23 c NORTH = 180,

24 c EAST -90.

25 c BLDMAX BUILDING MAXIMUM SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN, BTU/HR

26 c CFML SUMMER INFILTRATION RATE, FT3/MIN.

27 c CFMV VENTILATION RATE, FT3/MIN.

28 c CFMWT WINTER INFILTRATION, FT3/MIN.

29 c CLDAY DAILY TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR A GRUOP

30 c (NCRM OF THEM) OF ROOMS OF THE SAME CONFIG31 c URATION, BTU

32 c CLDSUM RUNNING TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR COOLING OF

33 c ALL THE ROOMS IN A BUILDING OVER A SET TIME

34 c PERIOD, BTU

35 c CN CLEARNESS NUMBER

36 c CR(L ) RESPONSE FACTOR COMMON RATIO FOR CONSTRUCTION L 37 c DAY DAY OF YEAR

38 c DAYSKP NO. OF DAYS TO BE SKIPPED FROM THE WEATHER TAPE

39 c (FROM ITS LAST STARTING POSITION)

40 c DB( J) OUTDOOR DRYBULB TEMPERATURE AT HOUR J, F

4 1 c DBA DAILY AVERAGE OUTSIDE DRYBULB TEMPERATURE, F 42 c DBIN DESIGN INDOOR DRYBULB TEMPERATURE, F 43 c DBM DRYBULB MEAN, F 44 c DBMAX DESIGN OUTDOOR MAXIMUM DRYBULB TEMPERATURE, F 45 c DBMWT DESIGN WINTER OUTDOOR DRYBULB TEMPERATURE, F 46 c DBNBS< J

)

FRACTION OF RANGE TO USE FOR DESIGN PROFILE

47 c AT HOUR J 48 c DP OUTDOOR DEW POINT, F 49 c DPID INDOOR DEW POINT, F 50 c DP IN DESIGN INDOOR DEW POINT, F 51 c DR(L ) RESPONSE FACTOR COMMON RATIO FOR CONSTRUCTION L 52 c (SAME AS CR(L))

53 c DST DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME INDICATOR

54 c ELAPS DAYS ELAPSED SINCE JANUARY 1 55 c G( IV.VI ) RADIATION CONFIGURATION FACTORS FOR

56 c RADIATION FROM SURFACE VI TO SURFACE IV 57 c H( I ) EXTERIOR SURFACE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

58 c FOR SURFACE I, BTU/HR, FT2.F

Id
59 C HI< I ) INTERIOR SURFACE CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

60 C COEFFICIENT, BTU/HR,FT2.F

61 C H I ND INDOOR ENTHALPY FOR DESIGN CONDITIONS, BTU/LB

62 c HLDAY DAILY TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR HEATING FOR A 63 c GROUP (NORM OF THEM) OF ROOMS OF THE SAME

64 c CONFIGURATION, BTU

65 c HLDSUM RUNNING TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR HEATING OF

66 c ALL THE ROOMS IN A BUILDING, BTU

67 c HOUT OUTDOOR ENTHALPY FOR DESIGN CONDITIONS, BTU/LB

68 c HR INNER SURFACE RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

69 c (=4.*(535.**3)*SIGMA)

70 c HT CEILING HEIGHT, FT

71 c IHT( I ) HEAT TRANSFER INDEX

72 c =-1 FOR GLASS SURFACE

73 c = 0 OPAQUE

74 c - 1 OTHERWISE

75 c I MAX HOUR OF DAY FOR MAXIMUM COOLING LOAD

76 c I NCLUO =0 INCLUDE ROOM IN SUMMARY

7^^ c =1 OTHERWISE

78 c IRF( I

)

RESPONSE FACTOR INDEX FOR SURFACE I 79 c I ROT DEGREES OF ROTATION

60 c ISKIP = 1 SKIP RESPONSE FACTOR CALCULATION

8 1 c AND BUILDING DATA INPUT

82 c = 0 OTHERWISE

83 c ITK AND ITHST INDICES FOR ROOM TEMPERATURE COMPUTATION

84 c ITK=0. ITHST=1 ROOM TEMP PRESCRIBED, EITHER CONSTANT

85 c OR WITH NIGHT TIME SET-BACK

86 c I TK= 1 , ITHST=0 ROOM TEMP NOT BEING CONTROLLED. NO A/C.

8^' c ITK=1

,

ITHST=1 ROOM TEMP FLOAT WITHIN PRESCRIBED UPPER

88 c AND LOWER LIMITS. NO A/C WHEN WITHIN

89 c THE LIMITS.

90 c I TK = 0 , ITHST=0 EQUIPMENT CAPACITY PRESCRIBED. ROOM TEMP

9 1 c FLOAT WITHIN PRESCRIBED UPPER AND LOWER

92 c LIMITS, AND WHEN EQUIPMENT CAPACITY IS

93 c EXCEEDED

.

94 c ITYPE( I ) TYPE OF SURFACE I 95 c = 1 ROOF

96 c = 2 EXPOSED WALL

97 c = 3 WINDOW

98 c - 4 DOOR

99 c - 5 GROUND HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE

100 c = 6 INTERNAL MASS, FURNISHINGS, PARTY WALLS,

10 1 c PARTITION WALLS, AND FLOOR /CE I LI NG

S

1 02 c = 7 OPEN PASSAGES

10 3 c = 8 EXPOSED FLOOR (EXPOSED UNDERSIDE)

104 c L AT LATITUDE, DEGREES

105 c LONG LONGITUDE, DEGREES

106 c LPYR LEAP YEAR INDICATOR

107 c MONTH MONTH OF YEAR

1 08 c MR (L ) NUMBER OF RESPONSE FACTOR TERMS GENERA109 c TED BY RESPTK FOR CONSTRUCTION L 110 c SAME AS NR(L)

11 1 c NAMEBD NAME OF ROOM

1 1 2 c NE NUMBER OF SURFACES IN EAST WALL

113 c NEXP TOTAL NUMBER OF SURFACES IN ROOM

114 c = 2+NS+NW+NN+NE

1 1 5 c NMAX HR OF THE DAY WHEN QLMAX OCCURS

116 c NN NUMBER OF SURFACES IN NORTH WALL

2d
11"'' C NOFL R NUMBER Or FLOORS

1 1 c NORM NO • OF ROOMS HAVING THE SAME DATA

119 c N R ( L ) NUMBER OF RESPONSE FACTOR TERMS CALCU12 0 c LATED BY RESPTK FOR CONSTRUCTION L

12 1 c NS NUMBER OF SURFACES IN SOUTH WALL

122 c N W NUMbtH Or SURFACES IN WEST WALL

12 3 c bAKUMh IHIC PRESSURE

124 c = 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY

125 c P I = 3«1415«*.

12 6 c P V VAPOR PRESSURE* INCHES OF MERCURY

12 7 c QC U MAXIMUM NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS

128 c QDES( I 1 HEAT GAIN OF SURFACE I AT HOUR IMAXt BTU/HR

129 c QDt S I N ( I f J) HEAT GAIN OF SURFACE I AT HOUR J. 13 0- c BTU/HR

131 c QEQPO EQUIPMENT MAXIMUM HEAT LOAD, BTU/HR

13 2 c QEQPX MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT LOAD, WATTS/FT2

133 c Ufc UUP ( J > EQUIPMENT LOAD AT HOUR J, BTU/HR

1 34 c Q t QU X I J J EQUIPMENT USE SCHEDULE

135 c Q GL A S( I » J) HEAT GAIN OF GLASS FOR 1 AT HOUR J,

1 36 c 137 c Q GX ( I ) 13 8 c I AT HOUR IMAX, BTU/HR

1 39 c Q I ( 1 ) INSIDE SURFACE HEAT FLUX OF SURFACE I. 140 c ETU/HR ,FT2

141 c Q I SA vfc< J I) INSIDE SURFACE HEAT FLUX OF SURFACE

142 c I AT HOUR J, BTU/HR, FT2

143 c QLDS SUM OF LATENT AND SENSIBLE LOAD AT HOUR

14 4 c J, BTU/HR

14 5 c QL I TE ( J

)

LIGHT LOAD AT HOUR J, BTU/HR

146 c QL 1 T 0 MAXIMUM LIGHT LOAD, BTU/HR

1 47 c QL I TX ( J

)

LIGHT USE SCHEDULE

1 48 c QL 1 T Y MAXIMUM LIGHTING LOAD, WATTS/FT2

149 c QLMAX ABSOLUTE VALUE OF THE MAX COOLING (OP

1 50 c HEATING) LOAD OF THE DAY, BTU/HR

151 c OLL< J) LATENT HEAT LOAD AT HOUR J, BTU/HR

1 52 c QLS( J

)

SENSIBLE HEAT LOAD AT HOUR J, BTU/HR

1 53 c QO ( I ) OUTSIDE SURFACE HEAT FLUX OF SURFACE I, 154 c BTU/HR, FT2

15 5 c QOCPS( J) OCCUPANT LOAD AT FOUR J, BTU/HR

156 c QOCUPC J

)

OCCUPANT SCHEDULE

157 c QPEOPL ( J ) PEOPLE LATENT LOAD AT HOUR J, BTU/HR

158 c QPLX MAX OCCUPANT LATENT LOAD, BTU/ HR , PERS ON

1 59 c QPSX MAX OCCUPANT SENSIBLE LOAD , BTU/HR , PER SON

16 0 c QSAVE( M, J) HEAT GAINS AND LOADS AT HOUR J, BTU/HR

16 1 c M = 1 TIME, HR

16 2 c M = 2 SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN, BTU/HR

163 c M = 3 LATENT HEAT GAIN, BTU/HR

1 64 c M = 4 SENSIBLE LOAD, BTU/HR

165 c M = 5 TOTAL LOAD, BTU/HR

166 c QSKY( I , J ) HEAT RADIATED TO SKY BY SURFACE I T 167 c HOUR J, BTU/HR, FT2

168 c QSUMT SUM OF TOTAL HEAT GAINS FOR 24 HOURS,

169 c BTU/HR

17 0 c QSUN (I , J

)

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION FOR SURFACE I 171 c AT HOUR J, BTU/HR, FT2

172 c QTL( J) LATENT HEAT GAIN FROM INFILTRATION AT 173 c HOUR J, 3TU/HR

174 c QWINT HEAT LOSS IN WINTER, BTU/HR

3d
175 C RANGE DAILY RANGE OF OUTDOOR DRYBULB, F

17 6 C R H I N DESIGN INDOOR RELATIVE HUMIDITY

177 c R HOUT DESIGN OUTDOOR RELATIVE HUMIDITY

178 c R COMNO PCCM NUMBER

179 c S INFORMATION ARRAY REQUIRED BY SUBROU18 0 c TINE SUN AND GLASS

18 1 c SHADE( I ) SHADING COEFFICIENT FOR SURFACE I 182 c S I GMA - 0.171 4E-8

183 c S I TELD < J

)

OVERALL COCLING LOAD AT HOUR J, BTU/HR

1 84 c S I TEOL ( J

)

OVERALL LATENT HEAT GAIN AT HOUR J. 185 c BTU/HR

18 6 c S I TEQS ( J ) OVERALL SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN AT HOUR J» 187 c BTU/ HP

18 8 c S I TE TH< J ) OVERALL TOTAL HEAT GAIN AT HOUR J,

18 9 c BT U/ HR

190 c SI TMAX OVERALL WAXIt^UM HEAT GAIN, BTU/HR

19 1 c SOTHTX OVERALL HEAT GAIN AT HOUR IMAX, BTU/HR

1 92 c SOLLD TOTAL CCCLING LOAD, BTU/HR

193 c SOW INT OVERALL TOTAL HEAT LOSS, BTU/HR

19 4 c TA ROOM AIR TEMPERATURE, F 195 c TA SA VE ( J ) RCCM AIR TEMPERATURE AT HOUR J, F

19 6 c TCLLD DAILY RUNNING TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

19 7 c FOR COOLING FOR A GROUP (NORM OF THEM)

19 8 c CF ROOMS HAVING THE SAME CONFIGURATION,

199 c BTU

20 0 c T G DESIGN SUMMER GROUND TEMPERATURE, F 20 1 c TGW DESIGN WINTER GROUND TEMPERATURE, F 20 2 c THTL D DAILY RUNNUNG TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

2 0 3 c FOR HEATING FOR A GRUOP (NORM OF THEM)

204 c OF ROOMS HAVING THE SAME CONFIGURATION,

20 5 c BTU

20 6 c T 1 ( J ) INSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE RELATIVE TO

20 c THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE AT HOUR J 208 c T I F ( J ) INSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE AT HOUR J, F 209 c TIFSAV( J 1 I ) INSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF SUR210 c FACE I AT HOUR J, F 211 c TIM INDOOR DESIGN MEAN (REFERENCE TEMPERA212 c TURE ) , F

2 13 c T I O INDOOR DESIGN TEMPERATURE, F 214 c T I S( I » J ) INSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE RELATIVE TO

215 c THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE OF SURFACE I 216 c AT HOUR J, F 21 c T I X ( J ) INDOOR DESIGN DRYBULB TEMPERATURE AT

2 18 c HOUR J» F 219 c TNEW( I

)

UPDATED OUTSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF

220 c SURFACE I AT EVERY TIME INCEMENT , F 22 1 c TNUSA V( J « I ) UPDATED OUTSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATRE

222 c OF SURFACE I AT HOUR J, F 223 c TO S( I « J ) OUTSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE RELATIVE TO

224 c REFERENCE TEMPERATURE OF SURFACE I AT

225 c HOUR J, F 22 6 c TOTH TX TOTAL COCLING LOAD FOR A ROOM, BTU/HR

227 c TOY ( J

)

ARRAY USED FOR TEMPORARY STORAGE OF

228 c VALUES WHILE ADVANCING TEMPERATURE AS

229 c REQUIRED BY RESPONSE FACTOR METHOD

230 c TSAVE MAXIMUM TOTAL COOLING LOAD, BTU/HR

231 c TSITHT TOTAL OVERALL HEAT GAIN FOR 24 HOURS,

232 c BTU/HR

4d
233 C TV TEMPERATURE OF VENTILATING AIR. F 234 C TZN TIME ZCNE NUMBER

235 C U(I) OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR

236 C SURFACE I 237 C UCELNG OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF

238 C THE CEILING BETWEEN THE ATTIC AIR AND

239 C THE ROOM AIR BELOW

240 C UENDW OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF

241 C THE ATTIC ENDWALL

242 C UG GROUND HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

243 C UGLAS WINTER GLASS HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

2A4 C UT(I) U VALUE WITHOUT SURFACE RESISTANCES

245 C VIN INDOOR AIR SPECIFIC VOLUME, FT3/LB

246 C VOUT OUTDOOR AIR SPECIFIC VOLUME, FT3/LB

247 C VT(L> SAME AS UT ( I

)

248 C WA OUTDOOR AIR HUMIDITY RATIO, LB OF H20

24C) C VAPOR PER LB OF DRY AIR (= WOUT)

250 C WAZ<I) WALL AZIMUTH ANGLE MEASURED CLOCKWISE

251 C FROM SOUTH, DEGREES

252 C WBID DESIGN INDOOR WETBULB TEMPERATURE, F 253 C WJMAX DESIGN OUTDOOR WETBULB TEMPERATURE, F 254 C WBSAVE<J) INDOOR WETBULB TEMPERATURE AT HOUR J, F 255 C WID DESIGN INDOOR HUMIDITY RATIO, LB OF H20

256 C VAPOR/LB OF DRY AIR

257 C WIN INDOOR HUMIDITY RATIO, LB H20/LB DRY AIR

258 C WOUT DESIGN OUTDODR HUMIDITY RATIO* LB H20

259 C VAPOR/LB DRY AIR

260 C WROT DEGREES OF ROTATION FOR ROOM

261 C WT WALL TILT ANGLE (= 90. DEGREES WHEN

262 C VERTICAL WALL)

263 C WV VENTILATION AIR HUMIDITY RATIO, LB H20

264 C VAFOR/LB DRY AIR

265 C X(L,N) RESPONSE FACTORS FOR CONSTRUCTION L

266 C XX(N,L) TRANSPOSE OF ARRAY X

26-' C Y(L,N) RESPONSE FACTORS F CR CCNSTRUCTION L 268 C YY(N,L) TRANSPOSE OF ARRAY Y 269 C Z(L,N) RESPONSE FACTORS FOR CCNSTRUCTION L 270 C ZBLDG INPUT ARRAY FOR BUILDING AND EXTERNAL DATA

271 C ZRCOM INPUT ARRAY FOR ROOM DATA

272 C ZZ(N,L) TRANSPOSE OF ARRAY Z 27 3 C 274 C 275 CCd'WON /CC/ X ( 1 0, 1 00 ) , Y ( 1 0 , 1 00 ) , Z ( 1 0 , 1 0 0 ) . I T YPE < 30 ) , I HT ( 30 ) , 27 6 2 IRF<30),ABSP(30),U<30),H(30).HI(30).A{30),UT(30),TOS(30,48),

277 3 TIS<30,4 8),G( 30 ,30),TOY(48),DB(24),QLITX(24,3) ,0EQUX{24,3) . 278 4 QOCUP (24, 3) ,Q0CPS(24) ,QLlTE(24) ,QEQUP( 24 ),QI(30),CR(30),NR(30),

2"'9 5 QGLAS( 30, 24 ) , ITHST, UENO W, AZW( 30 ) , SHADE ( 30 ) ,RMDeS( 24) ,RMDBW< 24 ) , 280 6 SHD(30 ), UCELNG

28 1 DI MENS ION XX<100,10),YY(100,10),ZZ(100,10),TNEW(100),TI(48),

282 2 XOUM< 100) ,YDUM( 1 0 0 ) , Z OU M( 1 0 0 ) , T DUM ( 1 0 0 ) , Q 0 ( 3 0 ) , T IF ( 30 ) , TO C ( 24 ) , 2 83 3 QSUN( 3 0 ,2 4 ) ,Q S K Y ( 30 . 2 4 ) , NAMERM(9 ) ,NAMEBD(9),VT(io),DR(10),MR(10),

284 4 PR ( 24 ) , PS { 24) , MD AY S ( 1 2 ) /3 1 , 2 8 , 3 1 , 3 0 , 3 1 , 30 , 31 , 3 1 . 3 0 » 3 1 , 30 , 3 1

/

28f= DIMENSION DPT (24 ) , WBT ( 24 ) , PBT ( 24 ) , WST ( 24 ) , TC ( 24 ) , NTOC ( 24 ) 266 DIMENSION S ALT ( 24 ) , I ED AY ( 1 2 ) / 1 5 , 4 6 , 74 , 1 05 , 1 35 , 1 66 , 1 96 , 2 2 7 , 2 58 , 28

287 2,319,349/

288 0 I MENS I ON CALDB ( 24 ) , CA LR H ( 24 ) , PGL AS ( 30. 24 ) , PSUN (30, 24),TaTTIC(100)

289 2,QLS(24) ,QLL(24) , Z B LDG ( I 5 )

,

Z ROOM ( 1 2 )

UW ( 30

)

290 DIMENSION HE ATG( 2) ,HEATX(2) . HE AT I S ( 2 ) ,HLCG(2) ,HLCX(2) ,HLCIS(2)

5d
291 DIMENSION DBPF{24) / .8 7 , .9 2 » . 9 6 » . 9 9

,

292 2 1 .00, .98, .93, .84, .71 , .5e, ,39t .23, . 1 1, .03,

293 3 0 .0 , . 03 , . 10 ,. 21 , .34 , .47, .5 8, . 68 » . 76 , . 82/

294 COMMON /SHOW/ SHAW(30,15)

295 DIMENSION SHDX ( 20 ) , SHDF ( 30 , 24 ) , A IRLK ( 24 ) , QSOL ( 2 4

)

296 DIMENSION V ( 1 5 ) , PL AT ( 2 4 ) , A I RL AT ( 24 ) , R ALD ( 2 4 ) , B A SEL ( 24

)

297 INTEGER DSTX , DSTY , RUN I D , RUNTYP , A SHR A

298 REAL LAT ,LONG , NOFLR

299 INTEGER YEAR,TAPE2

300 LOGICAL LL1,LL2,LL3

30 1 COMMON /SOL/ L AT , LONG , TZN , W AZ , WT ,C N , D SX , L PY R , 3 ( 35

)

302 COMMON NSKP

303 PI=3. 1415927

304 WRITE (6,1790)

305 WRITE (6,1800)

306 WRITE (6,1810)

307 WRITE (6,1820)

308 WR ITE ( 6 , 1270)

309 READ (5,1460) RU N I O , RU NT YP , ASHR A E , I D ET AL , ME THOD

310 READ (5,1640) NAMEBD

311 WRITE (6,1630) NAMEBD

312 C READ 24 HOUR PROFILES FOR L I GHT I NG , E QU 1 PMENT AND OCCUPANCY

313 J3=3

3 14 DO 1 0 J= 1 , J 3 315 IF (J.EQ.l) WRITE (6,1280)

316 IF (J.E0.2) WRITE (6,1290)

317 IF (J.EQ.3) WRITE (6,1300)

318 READ (5,1460) ( QL I TX C I , J ) ,

I = 1 , 24

)

319 IF (J.EQ.l) WRITE (6,1310)

320 IF (J.EQ.2) WRITE (6,1320)

321 IF (J.EQ.3) WRITE (6,1330)

322 READ (5, 1460) ( Q EQUX ( I , J ) , I = 1 , 24 ) 323 IF (J.EQ.l) WRITE (6,1340)

324 IF (J.EQ.2) WRITE (6,1350)

325 IF (J.EQ.3) WRITE (6,1360)

326 READ (5,1460) ( QO CUP ( I , J ) , 1 = 1 , 24 ) 32"' 10 CONTINUE

328 IF (RUNTYP. GT. 2 ) RUNTYP=2

329 WRITE (6,1370)

330 READ (5,1460) RMDBS

331 WRITE (6,1380)

332 READ (5,1460) RMDBW

333 WRITE (6, 1390)

334 READ (5, 1460) RMDBWO , RMD8S0 , RHW , RHS

3 35 SIGMA=0. 17 14E-8

336 HR= 4 . *0 .9 *SI GM A* (530 .* *3 ) 337 WRITE (6,1400)

338 READ (5,1460) NDA Y , N SK IP , T AP E2

339 WRITE (6,1410)

340 READ (5,1460) ZBLDG

341 CLDSUM=0.

342 HLDSUM=0.

343 DO 1260 IJKLMN=1,10

344 WRITE (6,1420)

345 READ (5,1630) NAMERM

346 C IF TAPE2 IS NOT BlAnK B TAPE SHOULD BE ASSIGNED

34-^ IF ( NAMERM ( 1 ). EQ .4H ) STOP

348 WRITE (6,1430)

6d
349 READ (5,1460) I ROT , I SK I P , I NCLU

350 C IF ISKIP . NE . 0, RESPONSE FACTOR CALCULATION IS SKIPPED

351 C SC NO WALL DATA IS NEEDED

252 IF (ISKIF.NE.O) GO TO 50

353 DO 20 1=1,10

354 DO 20 J=l , 100

355 X( I , J)=0.

356 Y( I,J) = 0.

357 20 Z( I , J)=0,

358 IF (RUNID.EQ.l) GO TO 30

359 READ (8) X,Y,Z,MR,DR,VT

360 GO TO 40

36 1 C THIS RESPONSE FACTOR ROUTINE REQUIRES MANY CONSTRUCTION DATA

362 C PLEASE REFER TO THE INPUT INSTRUCTIONS

362 30 CONTINUE

364 CALL RESFX { X , Y , Z , XX , Y Y , ZZ , MR , D R , VT , 1 0

)

365 WRITE (8) X ,Y,Z ,MR ,DR, VT

36 6 END FILE 8

367 40 PB=29.921

368 50 IF (IROT.NE.O) GO TO 60

369 WPOT=0

370 WRITE (6,1440)

371 READ (5,1460) ZRCOM

272 WRITE (6,1450)

373 READ (5, 1460 ) IW , I L , I STAR T , I LE A V

374 READ (5, 1460) TUL , TLL , QC M AX , QHMAX , DB V M AX , DBV M I

375 READ (5,1460) ITHST,ITK

376 CALL ROCMX ( NEXP , N S , NW , N N , NE , HT

)

377 RCOMNC=ZRCCM ( 1

)

378 MONTH=ZBLDG( 1

)

379 AG=A( NEXP)

380 N0FLR=1

381 QCU= ZROOM (4 ) 282 LAT = ZBLDG( 12 ) 383 LONG=ZBLDG( 1 1 ) 384 TZN=ZBLDG( 1 3 ) 385 DAYSKP^NSKI

386 QLI TY=ZRO0M( 2)

387 QEGPX=ZRO0M( 3)

388 CFWV=ZRC0M(8)

389 WeMAX=ZELD6( 6

)

390 FLCG=ZRCOM (5

)

39 1 TGS = ZBLDG( 8

)

392 TGW=ZBLDG (9)

393 LDAY=ZBLDG( 2 ) 394 YE AR=2000

395 DBWT=ZBLDG( 7

)

396 DBMAX=ZeLDG(4

)

39 7 RHOW=ZBLDG (15)

398 ZLF=ZBLDG( 1 4 ) 399 DB IN = RMDBW ( 1 2)

40 0 RHI N=PHW

40 1 IF (RUNTYP.EQ.2) CALL PSYl ( DB MA X , WB MA X , PB , D PMA X , PV , W A , H A , V A , R HO

)

402 UG=ZBLDG( 1 0

)

40 2 TV=ZROOM ( 7

)

404 FRAS=ZROOM (6

)

405 ZNORM=ZRCOM( 12)

AO 6 ARCHGW=ZHaOM ( 10

)

7d
407 CFMWT=AG*HT*ARCHGW/60.

408 ARCHGM=ZROOM (11)

409 CFMI N=AG*HT*ARCHGM/60.

4 1 0 C0NST=ARCHGW/0.6 95

41 1 C THESE AIR CHANGE VALUES ARE FOR THE ATTIC VENTILATION

412 C ROOM AIR CHANGE VALUES WILL BE DETERMINED AS A FUNCTION

41 3 C WIND SPEED AND TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL

4 14 60 CONT INUE

415 WRITE (6,1510)

416 IF ( IDETAL.EQ.O) GO TO 70

417 WRITE (6,1550)

418 WRITE (6,1560) R CC MNO , HT , AG , NOFLR , QCU , ZRCOM ( 9 ) , ZROOM ( 1 0

)

419 WRITE (6,1740)

420 70 CONTINUE

421 S( 1 )=LAT

422 S( 2)=L0NG

423 S(3) =TZN

424 IF (IDETAL.EQ.O) 60 TO 80

425 WRITE (6,1570)

426 WRITE (6.1560) LA T , LONG , TZN , 2N0RM

427 WRITE (6,1740)

428 WRITE (6,1580)

429 RHIN=RHS

430 WRITE (6,1560) QL I TY , QEQPX , CFM V ,DB I N ,TG W , T V , RH I

43 1 WRITE (6,1740)

432 WRITE (6,1600) NEXP, ITK, ITHST

433 80 CONT INUE

434 WRITE (6,1510)

435 IF (IROT.NE.O) GO TO 90

436 WRITE (6,1470)

437 READ (5,1460) U ENOW , UC ELNG, AENOW , ATCHT , A IRCHG , A IRNT

438 WRITE (6,1480)

439 READ (£,146*0) I EXT SD , I EXMS , I EXME , NT VNT , N VE NT

440 CFMNT=NTVNT*AG*HT/60

.

44 1 90 CONTINUE

442 IF (IDETAL.EQ.O) GO TO 100

443 WRITE (6,1740)

444 WR ITE ( 6, 1590)

445 WRITE (6,1560) U ENDW , UCELNG . AENDW , AT CHT

446 100 CONTINUE

447 IF (IROT.NE.O) GO TO 210

44 8 SUM=0.

44 9 DO 200 1 = 1 ,MEXP

450 K=IRF{ I)

45 1 IF ( Y( K , 1 ) .GT. 1 . ) IRF(I) = 10

452 NR ( I )=MR (K ) 453 IF( IPF( I ) .EG.10)NR( I) = l 454 UT( I ) = VT( K ) 455 CR(I)=DR(K)

456 IF ( NR( I ) .EQ.O) NR( I )=1

457 IF (NR ( I ) . GT .48 ) NR(I)=48

458 IF ( 1TYPE( I) .EQ.3) AesP(I)=0.

459 IF { ITYPE( I ) .EQ.5 ) ABSP(I) = 0.

460 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .GE.6 ) ABSP(I)=0.

46 1 IHT( I) = l 462 IF ( ITYPE( I) .EQ.3) IHT(I) = -1

463 H(I)=6.C

464 HI < I )=1 .46-HR

8d
465 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .GE .5 ) H<I) = 0.

466 IF ( ITYPE( I) .EQ. 1 ) M ( I ) = 1 , 6 30 -HR

467 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .EQ .5) H I ( I) = 1 . 080 -HR

468 IF ( ITYPE< I) .EQ .7 ) U(I)=500.

469 IF ( ITYPE( I) .EQ.8 ) H(I) = 1.46

470 IF ( IRF( I ) .NE . 10) U(I)=0.

471 IF (U( I ) ) 110,110, 120

472 110 RU=1./UT( I )+ 1 ./( HI( I )+HR)

473 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .LT . 5 .OR . I TYPE( I ) . EQ .8) RU=RU+ 1 . /H ( I

)

474 U(I)=l./RU

475 120 CONTINUE

476 IF (X(K,2)) 170,130,170

477 130 IF (H(I)) 140,150,140

478 140 R= 1 ./U( I 1 ./H( I ) 479 GO TO 160

480 lEO R=l ./U( I

)

481 160 UT( I )= 1 . /( R- 1 . /( HI ( 1 ) +HR)

)

482 IF (UT ( I ) .LE .0 . ) UT(I)=28.0

483 IF < ITYFE( I ) .EQ.7 ) UT(I)=500.

484 170 CONTINUE

485 IF (UCELNG) 190,190,180

4P6 180 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .NE. 1 ) GO TO 190

487 RTA=1./UCELNG-1 ./<HI( I )+HR)

488 UT( I )=1 ./RTA

489 190 CONTINUE

490 UW( I )=U( I

)

491 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .GT ,4 ) GO TO 20 0 492 SUM=SUM+A( I ) *U( I

)

493 200 CONTINUE

494 IF(ZLF.EC.O. )ZLF=1.

495 ZK=SUM/ZLF

496 FC=1 .-0.02*ZK

497 210 IF (IROT.EQ.O) GO TO 240

498 WROT=IROT

499 DO 220 I=1,NEXP

500 AZW< I )=AZW( I )+WROT

501 IF (AZW( I) .LT.-180 . ) A ZW < I

) = AZW ( I ) +360

502 220 IF ( AZ W( I ) .GT. 1 80. ) AZ W ( I ) = A Z W ( I ) -36 0

503 DO 230 I=1,NEXP

504 DO 230 J=1,NEXP

505 230 G( I , J) =G( I , J )/HR

506 240 CONTINUE

507 IF ( IDETAL . EQ.O } GO TO 280

508 WRITE (6,1680)

509 DO 250 1=1 ,NEXP

510 WRITE (6, 1650) I , I T YPE ( I ) , T HT ( I ) , I RF ( I ) , AB SP ( I ) , U ( I ) , H ( I ) , A ( I ) , A Z

511 2( I ), SHADE( I ) ,UT( I ) ,HI( I ) 512 250 CONTINUE

513 WRITE (6,1690)

5 14 DO 260 1=1 , NEXP

515 260 WRITE (6.1 560) ( SF AW ( I , J ) , J = 1 , 1 5

)

516 IF (ASHRAE.EQ.l ) GO TO 300

517 WRITE (6,1700)

518 WRITE (6,1710)

= 19 DO 2*^0 1=1, NEXP

520 WRITE(6, 1720)1, (G(I, J), J=l, NEXP)

521 270 CONTINUE

522 280 DO 290 1=1, NEXP

9d
523 DO 290 J=l .NEXP

524 290 G( I,J) = HR*G( I, J ) 525 300 TIM=75.

526 IF (RUNTYP.EQ.2) CALL WINTER < A , UW , I T YP E , NEXP , C FMWT , DB I N . DB W T , UG ,

52 7 2GW t PHW , RHOW , UEND W .UCELIMG » AE NOW , ATCHT , A I RCHG)

528 QLITC=QLITY*AG*3 .413*N0FLR

529 QEQPa=QEQPX*AG*3.413*NCFLR

530 DO 310 1=1 ,NEXP

531 QQ(I)=0.

532 QI ( I )=0.

533 310 CONTINUE

534 QRFC=0.

535 QRFI=0.

£36 C DBM=TIM= REFERENCE TEMPERATURE

537 TA=TIM

538 MOT=0

£39 TCLLD=0.

540 THTLD=0.

541 IF (IJKLMN.GT.l) GO TO 320

542 320 CONTINUE

543 NEND=D AYSKP+NDAY

£44 IF ( RUNTYP .NE.2 ) GO TO 340

545 NEND=7

546 DO 330 J=l,24

54 7 DB( J) =ZELDG< 4 ) -2BL0G(5 >*CBPF( J

)

548 DPT(J)=DPMAX

549 WST(J)=0.

£50 PBT( J) =29.92 1 551 TC(J)=0.

££2 NTOC(J)=0

£53 330 CONTINUE

£54 340 DO 1250 ND=1 ,NEND

555 NSKP=NO-DAYSKP

£56 IF <PUNTYP, EQ.2 ) GC TO 380

SS'' READ (7) DB, DPT, WBT , WST.PBT , TC ,TOC , PR, PS. YEAR, MONTH, LDAY , IC ITY 558 DO 350 IZ1=1,24

559 NTOC< I Zl ) =TOC( IZl ) 560 350 CONTINUE

£61 N=ND-DAYSKP

562 IF (N.LT.l) GO TO 1250

563 I NCAY=DAYSKP+N

564 IF ( IDETAL . EQ.O ) GO TO 360

565 WRITE (6,1620) N , I NDA Y , YE AR . MO NTH , LD A

566 WRITE (6,1610) NAMERM

567 360 CONTINUE

568 KDAY = WKDAY (YEAR, MONTH, LDAY ) 569 CALL HCLDAY ( Y E AR , MO NT H , LD A Y , KDA Y , I HOL

)

5^0 CALL DST { YE AR , MONTH , LDAY , D STX , O ST Y

)

571 IDST=1

572 IF (MONTH. LT. 4) I DST=0

573 IF ( MONTH. GT . 10 ) IDST=0

574 IF ( MONTH .NE .4 .OR . MONTH . NE . 1 0) GO TO 370

575 IF (MONTH. EQ.4, AND. LDAY.LT.DSTX) IDST=0

576 IF ( MONTH. EQ. 10. AND. LDAY. GT.DSTY) IDST=0

577 370 DSX=IDST

578 JJ=1

579 IF (KDAY.EQ. 7.0R .KDAY.EQ. 1 ) JJ=2

580 IF (IHOL.EQ.l) JJ=2

lOd
581 380 IF ( RUNTYP . EQ . 2 ) JJ-1

582 DO 390 J=l ,24

5 8 3 QLITE(J)=QLITO*QLITX(J,JJ)

5 8^ QE CUP ( J ) -QEQPO*G EOUX ( J , J J

)

5 8 5 390 CO N T 1 N UE

58 6 IF ( MONTH. EQ .MOT ) GO TO 550

58 7 TG=TGW

588 IF ( MONTH .GT .5 . AND . MCN TH .L T . 1 0 ) TG = TGS

589 MCT^MONTH

590 S(4)=IEDAY(MCNTH)

59 1 IF < RUN TYP . EQ . 2 ) S( 4

) -ZBLDG ( 3

)

592 S ( 6 ) = I DST

£93 IF < RLN TYP . EQ . 2 ) S(6)=0.

59 4 S( 7 ):=0 .2

595 S( 8) =1 .0

596 S< 33 ) = 1 . 59 7 IF ( I DETAL . E Q . 0 ) GO TO 400

59 8 WR ITE (6,1730)

599 4 00 CONT INUE

600 DO 530 1=1, NEXP

601 IF < ITYPE( I ) .LT »5 ) GO TO 420

602 DO 410 J=l,24

60 3 QSUN( I , J ) =0

6 04 QGL AS( I , J ) =0 . 605 4 10 QSKY( I , J)=0.

606 GO TO 520

60 7 42 0 WAZ=AZW( I)

608 S ( 9 ) =WA

609 5(10 )=90 . 6 10 IF ( I T YPE ( I ) . EQ . 1 ) S(10)=0.

611 SHOX( 1 )=SHAW{ I , 1 ) 612 SH0X(2)=SHAW{I,2)

613 SHDX (3)=SHAW(I,3)

614 SHDX(4)=SHAW( 1,4)

6 15 SHDX( 5)=SHAW(I ,5)

616 SHDX(6)=SHAW( 1,6)

61 7 SHDX(7) =SHAW( I ,7

)

618 SHDX( 8)=SHAW{ 1,8)

619 SHDX (9)=SHAW( 1,9 ) 620 SHDX<10)=SHAW( 1,10)

62 1 SHDX(11)=SHAW( 1,11)

62 2 SHDX(12)=SHAW( 1,12)

623 SHDX<13)=SHAW( I, 13)

624 SHDX ( 1 4 ) =S»-A W( 1,14)

625 SHDX ( 1 5 ) = SHA V«( 1,15)

626 430 CONT INUE

62'' DO 5 10 J=l ,24

628 QSKY ( I , J )=0 * 629 T I ME = J 630 S( 5)=TIME

631 CALL SUN

632 SALT( J) =S( 20 ) 63 3 IF ( S( 25 ) • GT .0 . ) GO TO 440

634 QSUN (1 , J ) =0

635 QGLA S< I , J ) =0 , 636 GO TO 510

637 44 0 QSLNd , J)=S(25)*AESP( I)

638 QGLAS{ I , J ) = 0 .

lid
D O DMT— Cfi>l \ :dcPT yiPn

6 4 0 yn— pn 1 3kD T ipn

^C ^t o H- O U onur \ 1 t J * • ^ A

o •+ ,^ A'+ AO nVJ 64 6 TP /*^i-(ny/i i ) APn-Apn-i7n

64 7 4 7 0 C Zk Ro

^~

\_. A 1

I

iL- QHAnnw 0 11 M LJ rl /<^Hny V oiiL-'/n ^"11 pht1 ^^l_)OZ_ rn<^7-c;HnF/ V OliL^r \ T - \ \ \ ^Zl C *+ Q"ll^ A*T po nu P n KJ T T M I I P C O VJ TF ^ITYDP^Tl-fsJF-'^^ C.r\ TP crnO 6 5 1 TF / T F y T c:n p n * n > c^r\ th Aon

o d IP /MPMTM TPYiWC: AK^n MP MT W 1 P TPYMP^ QMPF/ T

1

1 t J ^ c: C T> w A Q n n M T T M 1 IP 654 CALL GLASS ( SHD F ( I , J ) , SH ADE ( I ) , 1 . , 1 • ,QGLAS( I « 6 5 5

c>O n*J nu CQNT INUE

6 56 S34=S(25)-S<26)-S(27)

QSUN ( I , J ) = ( S34*SI-DF{ I,J)+S(26)+S{27) )*ABSP(I)

^D

c;

!D Po o 1 u P P N. T T M 1 IP ^ C o T1 66 0 TF /TPFTAI -NF*0^ WRTTP f/S«1/S7n^ 11 9 CO 1 ( nc 1 A f T - 1 ) . J —— 11 o o y P P N; T T NJ 1 IP c o u^u np c=;ao o*+V/ tX ~

—

\

1 -MFyp tiNt_^r^ CD** pn RAH 1 — 1 Oil.

f-c c f-c O f *J 6 6 7 ^w Ro nu Pi_ nU KiIN T1 f M 1 IP I IN C

^ceof> TF / KIP MP 1 1 Pn TP AAH

OC V pn c^A/^ J — 1 r> /\ A 7 n \J\J DcU 1—1 »rNtAr' A 7 1 c;o Ac nu TrtQ/ T 1) — PR / OA— J4-1 1 TTM

pp*-i7ni UU — ?t^A»"^ 0('U O— C-^^fO

PC 7' — PP P7P T— 1 MPYD

6 *^ 4 O nV lUbl I»J| — TUSl 1»J — ^4;

^ 7 ^ DC 5B0 1=1 , NEXP

6 7 6 DO 580 J=:l , 48

6 7 7 O pO nV/ TI S( I, J ) = 0 . A 7 ft TA=TI

7 O DO 590 J=1.48

AD Ro nu TNEVU( J) =0.

O C 1 O V *J TATTIC( J )=0*

O O <C IF ( ASHR AE ) 64 0 • 64 0 • 60 0 o a w Ann o u u DO 620 1=1 ,NEXP

A P Zi c C DO 610 J=l ^24 ceo D 1 U TIS( I» J)=R^'DeS(24-J+l ) -T IM

ACCDP A DO 620 J=25,48

A P 7 C £: v/ TIS(I,J)=TIS(I,J-24)

AO <Jp pc DO 630 11=1,2

Ac Po C^ HEATG( I I ) = 0

.

AD QV nU HE ATX( I I )=0 . AD QV 11 HE ATT S( I I ) =0

.

HLCG( I I ) = 0

6 9 3 HLCX ( I I ) =0

694 630 HLCIS( I I )=0

695 640 CONTINUE

696 C END OF INITIALIZATION

12 d
697 C TIME CALCULATION BEGINS HERE

698 DO 1 150 NK=1 ,24

69 9 LL 1 = NK.GE . I START . A ND . N K . LE . I LF AV E 70 0 LL2=NK.LT.1START.0R.NK.GT.ILEAVE

701 LL3=NVENT.NE.0.ANC.CB(NK).LT.TV.AND.QL.LT.10.

702 IF <ITK.NE.O) GO TO 650

703 IF (ITHST.NE.l) GC TO 650

704 CALL TEMPSh ( MO NT H , J J . NK , R MD BS , R MD BW , RMD BW O , R M D BS 0, T A

)

705 650 CONTINUE

706 IF (RUNTYP .NE. 2 ) GC TO 660

707 F0T=4.

708 ACHG=ZR00M(9

)

709 CM=1 . 710 GO TO 670

711 660 WSTX=WST<NK)

712 CALL FC ( W ST X , 3 , FO C , FOT , 0

)

713 C AIR CHANGE AS A FUNCTION OF WIND SPEED

714 C COBLENZ ANC ACHENBACH 1963 ASHRAE TRANSACTION

715 WSTZ=WST (NK ) *1 . 1 5

716 ACH=0.15+0 . 013*WSTZ+0 , 00 5* A 8 S ( 08 ( NK ) -T A

)

717 ACHG=ACH*CONST

7 1 8 CM=CCM( SALT ( NK ) , NTOC ( NK ) ,T C ( NK ) ) 719 670 CFML=A( 1 ) *ACHG*HT/60.+CFMI

720 CFMLX=CFML

721 IF { LLl ) GO TO 680

722 CFMV=0.

723 GO TO 690

724 680 IF (JJ.GT.l) CFMV=0.

725 690 CONTINUE

726 DO 720 1=1 ,NEXP

727 NRR=NR( I

)

728 QSUN < I , NK )=PSUN( ! NK ) *CM

729 QGLAS< I,NK)=PGLAS( I.NK)*CM

730 QSKY< I ,NK) = 0.

731 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .EQ . 1 ) QSKY ( I , NK )= 2 . * ( 1 0 . -T C ( NK ) ) 732 IF (NRR.LT.2) GO TO 720

733 DO 700 NTT=2tNRR

734 700 TOY( NTT ) =TOS ( 1 .NTT-1

)

735 DO 710 NTT=2.NRR

736 710 TOSC I, NTT)=TOY(NTT)

737 720 CONTINUE

738 DO 800 1=1 . NEXP

739 NRR=NR(I)

740 IF < ASHRAE . GT.O ) T I S ( I , 1 ) =T A- T I M 741 K=IRF<I)

742 DO 730 J=1,NRR

743 XDUM( J )=X(K , J

)

744 YDUM( J) =Y( K , J)

745 ZDUM( J )=Z( K, J)

746 TDUM( J) =TOS( I. J)

747 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .EQ.6 .OR. I TYPE< I ) .EG .7 ) TDU M ( J ) = T I S ( I , J

)

748 IF < ITYPE( I ) .EQ «5 ) TDU M ( J ) = TG-T I

749 TI(J)=TIS( I.J)

750 730 CONTINUE

751 UX=U(I)

752 IF <H(I)) 750t750,740

753 740 H(I)=FOT

754 RX=1 ./UT( I )+l ./(HI( I)+HR)

13d
755 RXX = RX + 1 ./H( I ) 756 U( I

) =1 . /RXX

75'^ UX=1./RX

758 750 CONTINUE

75<9 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .EQ. 1 . AND. UENDW.NE.O . ) GO "tq 760

760 GO TO 780

761 7eO ATCACG=AIRC»-G*AIRNT

762 IF (LLl) ATCACG=AIRC(-G

763 CALL ATTIC ( XDUM . YDUM , ZDUM , C R ( I ) ,NRR , UX , H ( I ) , DB ( NK ) , QSUN ( I , NK ) , Q SK

76 4 2Y < I , NK ) , TDUM.TATTIC, TNEWO , TA ,T IM.QRF 0, QRF I , QO ( I ) ,QI ( I ) «UENDW,UCELN

765 3G, AENOW,A( I ) ,ATChT,ATCACG)

766 DO 770 J=I,NRR

'67 TNEW( J)=TDUM( J)

768 7^0 T0S( 1 , J ) =TATTIC( J

)

769 GC to 800

770 780 CONTINUE

771 IF (RUNTYP.EQ.2) ITEMP=0

772 CALL GUTSID ( XDU M , Y DUM , ZDU M , CR ( I ) , U X , H ( I ) , DB ( NK ) , T I M , QO ( I ) , Q I ( 1 ) ,

Q

7 73 2SUN( I,NK) ,QSKY( I ,NK) ,TDUM,TI ,TNEWO,TA,NRR)

774 DO 790 J=1,NRR

775 790 TOS< I , J) =TDUM( J)

776 800 CONTINUE

77 7 QOCPS (NK )=QOCUP( NK,JJ)*10.*( 100.-TA)*QCU

7 78 Q0CPL=10 .* ( TA-6 0 . ) *QOC UP ( NK , J J ) *QCU

779 IF (TA-ICO.) 820,810,810

780 810 OOCPS(NK)=0.

781 Q0CPL=400 . *QOCUP( NK , J J ) *QCU

782 GO TO 840

783 8 20 IF (TA-65.) 830,840,840

784 830 QOCPS(NK)=350.*Q0CUP<NK,JJ)*QCU

785 QOCPL= 50 . *QOCUP (NK , J J) *QCU

786 840 DO 870 I=1,NEXP

787 NPR=NR(I)

788 IF <NRR.LT.2) GO TO 870

789 DO 850 NTT=2,NRP

790 850 TOY{ NTT)=TI S(I ,NTT-1

)

^91 DO 860 NTT=2,NRR

792 860 TI£< I ,NTT)=TCY(NTT)

793 8^0 CONTINUE

794 IF (ASHRAE) 900,900,880

795 880 QSLMG=0.

796 OSUMX^O.

797 DO 890 I=1,NEXP

793 IF ( ITYPEC I ) .LE.3.0R.I TYPE( I ).EQ.8) QSU MX =QS UMX -Q I { I) * A ( I ) 7C9 IF ( ITYPE{ I ) .EQ . 3 ) QSU MG=Q S UMG +QGL A S ( I , NK ) * A ( I ) 800 890 CONTINUE

801 HEATG( 1

) =HEATG( 2 ) 802 HEATG(2 )=QSUMG

803 HEATX( 1 ) = HEATX( 2 ) 804 HEATX(2) =Q SU MX+C CCFS ( N K ) +QEQUP(NK)

805 HEAT IS( 1 ) = HEAT IS< 2 ) 806 NKK=NK-1

807 IF (NKK.EQ.O) NKK=24

808 HEAT IS( 2 ) = QL ITE( NKK ) 809 HLCG( 1 ) =»-LCG(2 ) 810 HLCX( 1 )=HLCX(2)

811 HLC IS( 1 ) = HLC IS( 2 ) 812 ISC=1

14d
613 CALL RMRT ( h EAT G , HLC G » HE AT X , HLCX , hEAT IS t HLC I S , I W , I L , FC , I SC ) 814 OL =HLCG( 2) +HLCX( 2 )+HLCIS< 2) +1 . 08*CFML* ( DB( NK ) -T A)

815 QGA I N=HEATG( 2 ) +HEATX ( 2 ) +HE AT IS ( 2

)

816 QL=-OL

817 GO TO 965

618 900 CONTINUE

819 DC 960 I =1 ,NEXP

820 HI(I)=0.E42

821 HTEST=TIS( 1,1)

822 IF (I.NE.l) GO TC 930

823 IF (HTEST) 910,910,920

824 910 HI<I)=0.712

825 GO TO 960

826 920 HI(1)=0.162

827 GO TO 960

828 930 IF (I.NE.NEXP) GC TO 960

829 IF (HTEST) 940,940,950

830 940 HI (NEXP) =0 . 162

831 GO TO 960

832 950 HI (NEXP )=0 .7 12

833 960 CONTINUE

834 965 CONTINUE

835 IF (NTVNT.EQ.O) GC TC 1010

836 IF ( DB ( NK ) . LT. DBVMI N .OR .DB ( NK) , GT . DBVM AX ) GO TO 1010

837 970 IF (TA-DB(NK)) 10 10,1010,980

838 980 IF (JJ.GT.l) GO TO 990

839 IF (LLl) GO TO 1010

840 990 IF (QL+10) 1000,1010,1010

841 ICCO CFML=CFMLX+CFMNT

842 1010 CONTINUE

843 V(3)=0.

844 V(2)=CFyL

845 V( 1 )=DB( NK ) 846 IF(LL2 .CR. .N0T.LL3.0R .JJ.GT .1 )GC TO 1011

847 V(3)=CFMV

848 1011 CONTINUE

849 CFMLNC=CFN'L+ V(3)

850 IF ( ASHRAE. GT .0 . ) GO TO 1040

851 V(4)=FRAS

852 V(5)=FLCG

853 V(6)=TI^

854 V(7)=QCMAX

855 V(8)=GH^AX

856 IF (JJ.GT.l) GO TO 102 0 857 IF (LL2) GO TO 1020

858 V(9)=TUL

859 V(10)=TLL

860 GO TO 1030

£61 1C20 V(9)=RMDBS0

862 V( 10 )=RMDBWO

863 1030 CONTINUE

864 V( 1 1 )=TA

865 V( 12)=FRAS

866 V(13)=HR

867 V( 1 4 ) = MeTHOD

868 CALL RMTmK ( V

,

T I F , QL , T A

,

NE X P , NK ,

TK ) 869 IF(LL1 .AND.LL3 . AND . QL . GT . 0 . . AND . DB ( NK ) .GT . 60 . ) QL = 0.

870 1040 CALL PSY2 ( D E ( NK ) , DPT ( NK ) , P BT ( NK ) , WBT ( NK ) , P VO , W A , H A , V A , R H A

)

15d

I
871 IF(ABS(QL) .LT.10.)QL=0.

€72 PLAT (NK ) =-QOCPL*ZN0RM

673 WV = V«A 874 QOCPL=QOCPL/ 1060 . 875 1080 WIN=( 4.e*CFMLNC*WA+QaCPL )/4.5/CFMLNC

876 PVI=PB*WIN/(0.622+WIN)

877 RHIN=100.*PVI/PVSF<TA)

878 IF (RHIN . GT . 100 )RHIN=100.

879 IF( OL. EG.O. ) GC TO 1086

880 IF (QL.GT.O. )G0 TO 1085

881 IF(RHIN.GT.RHS )RHIN=RHS

882 1085 IF(QL.LT.O. )G0 TO 1086

883 IF(RHIN.LT.RHW)RHIN=RHW

884 1086 CONTINUE

885 CALDB(NK)=TA

886 CALRhCNK)=RHIN

887 CALL CBRH { T A , RH I N » W IN

)

888 AIRLAT(NK)=4.5*CFMLNC*(WIN-WA)*1060.*ZNORM

88 9 RALD (NK )=QLITE( NK ) *FLCG*ZNORM

89 0 BASEL(NK)=(QLITE( NK ) +QEQUP ( NK > )*ZNORM

891 AIRLK( NK)= 1 .08*CFMLNC*(TA-DB(NK) )*ZNORM

892 QSOL<NK)=PSUN( 1 , NK

)

89 3 QLATNT=( 4 . 5* CFMLNC * ( W I N- WA ) -QOCPL) * 1 060

.

894 IF ( ( QL .GT, 0. .AND .RHIN.GT .RHW) .OR . ( QL.LT. 0. .AND . RHIN.LT .RHS) ) 895 1QLATNT=0.

896 IF ( RUNTYP,EQ.2) GO TO 1100

897 IF < ASHRAE.EQ.O) GO TO llOO

898 CALL ADJUST (QL. QLATNT .MONTH, NK, JJ

)

899 1100 CONTINUE

900 C

901 QLS( NK

)

=CL*ZNCRM

902 QLL( NK )=QLATNT*ZNORM

903 IF ( ABS(QLS(NK) )-l . ) 1110,1110,1120

904 1110 QLL(NK)=0.

905 1120 CONTINUE

906 IF (UENDW) 115 0,1150,1130

907 1130 NRR=NR(1)

908 DO 1140 J=1,NRR

909 1140 TOS( 1, J)=TNEW( J)

910 1150 CONTINUE

911 IF ( RUNTYP. EO. 2. AND. ND .LT .7 ) GO TO 1250

912 QLMAX=ABS( QLS( 1) ) 913 NWAX=1

914 TSUV=0.

915 QLDSUM^O.

916 CLOAY=0.

917 HLDAY=0,

918 DO 1200 NK=1,24

919 IF (QLMAX-ABS(QLS(NK)) ) 1160,1170,1170

920 1160 QLMAX=AES( QLS( NK)

)

921 NWAX=NK

922 GO TO 1170

923 1170 CONT INUE

924 TSUM=TSUM+DB<NK)

925 QLDSUM=GLOSUM+ QLS(NK ) + QLL( NK ) 926 QLDS=QLS( NK) +QLL (NK )

^ 927 IF (QLDS) 1180,1180,1190

928 1180 CLDAY=CLDAY+CLDS

16d
9 29 GO TO 1200

93 0 1190 HLDAY=HLDAY+QLDS

9 3 1 1 200 CONTINCIE

9 3 2 TC LLO = TCLLD + CL D AY

9 3 3 TH TLD = THTLD + HLDAY

9 34 DBA = TSUM/24 • 935 GLWAX=QLS( NMAX )+QLL(NMAX)

936 IF ( RUN TYP . E Q. 2 ) N=l

93"^ IF ( N . GT . 1 ) GO TO 1210

9 3 fi WRITE (6*1520) NAWER^. MONTH

9 39 12 10 y~ /~k KIT* T 1 1 1 1

CON T INUE

94 0 WRITE (6»1530) MONT H . LD A Y 1 N M AX 1 QLM AX » CL DA Y t HLDA Y t 08

94 1 IF ( MOO (YEAR, 4) .EQ.O) MO AYS ( 2 ) =2 9

942 TMTHH = Tr/THH+HLD AY

94 3 TMTHC= TMTHC + CLDA Y 944 I F < QLM AX .L T • YM AX H ) GO TO 1207

94 5 Y M A XH = QL V AX

94 6 NM AX H = N M AX

947 LD A YH=L C AY t 948 LMH=:MONTH

9 49 1 207 I F ( QLM AX . GT . YM AX C ) GO TO 120 8

^ 95 0 YMAXC=QLVAX

951 NM AXC=N M Ax

95 2 LDAYC=LDAY

953 LMC=MONTH

95 4 1 208 I F ( L DA Y • NE • MDA Y S ( MONTH ) ) GO TO 1209

95 5 WRITE(6,1271 )T MTt-C , TMTHH

9 56 T M THC = 0

95"^ T M r r n=0 * ceo *3 b c! 1 r t MJ • fc Vj • N b N L 1 GO TO 1209

959 WK lit<c,12 72 J 96 0 12 09 CCNT INUt

96 1 IF (ND.EQ.NEND) WRITE (6,1510)

962 IF ( RUNTYF . NE • 2 ) GO TO 1230

96? IF (ND.NE.NEND) WRITE (6,1510)

964 WRITE (6,1540) YEAR , MONTH , LDAY

965 WR ITE (6,1 490 ) 966 DO 1 22 0 J= 1 , 24

96 1 220 WRITE (6,1500) J , C B( J ) , WBT ( J ) , C ALDB ( J ) , C AL RH ( J ) , QLS ( J ) , QLL ( J ) 96 8 WR ITE (6,1510)

969 12 3 0 CONT INUE

97 0 IF ( IDETAL.EQ.O) GC TO 1240

97 1 WRITE (6,1750) DBA,QLDSUM

97 2 WRITE (6,1760) CLCAY,HLCAY

973 WRITE (6,1770) N , TC LLD , N , TH TLD

974 1240 CONT INUE

97 5 IF (TAPE2.EQ.0) GC TO 12 50

97 6 WRITE (TAPE2) NA MERM, MONTH, LDAY, DB, DPT, WBT, WST , PBT » TC ,NTOC»CALDB,C

97 7 2ALRH ,QLS , QLL ,DB A , CL DAY ,HLDAY,T CLLD

,

THTlD,QLITE, QEQUP , Q50L ,QOCPS,AI

9 78 3RLK

979 WRITE (10) QLS , PL AT , A I RL AT , DB , Dp T , C ALDB

,

RAL, BA SEL

9 8 0 12 50 CONT I NUE

98 1 CLDSUM=CLDSUM+TCLLO

98 2 HLDSUN=HLDSUM+THTLD

983 WRITE(6,1273)YMAXC,LMC,LDAYC,NMAXC,YMAXH,LMH,L0AYH,NMAXH

984 WRITE (6,1780) IJKL MN , CLDSU M , IJKL MN , HLD SUM

985 REWIND 7 986 1 260 CCNT INUE

17d
987

988

989

990

991

992

993

994

995

996

997

998

999

1000

1001

1002

1003

1004

1005

1006

1 C07

1008

1009

iO 10

1011

1012

10 13

1014

10 15

10 16

10 17

10 18

10 19

1020

102 1 1022

1 02 3 1024

1025

1026

1027

1 028

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1 035

10 36

1037

1038

1039

1040

104 1 1042

104 3 104 4

c

c1271

1 272

1 2 73

1270

1420

1 4 30

1440

1 450

1 460

1470

1 480

1 490

1 500

1510

1 520

1 530

1 540

1 550

1 560

END FILE TAPE2

END FILE 10

STOP

FORMAT(//« MONTHLY COOLING LOAD= • , E 1 5 . 8

,

• BTU',//' MONTHLY HEATING

* LCAD=« ,E15,8, • BTU«)

FORMAT( IHl MONTH DAY«,7X,«MHR QLM AX • , 5X ,

• CL DAY • , 5X ,

• HLO AY • , 7X

,

*• DBA • ) FORMATC MAX CCCLING LOAD =',F10.0,' MONTH =»,I3,' DAY = • , I 3, • HOU

*R =',I3,/' MAX HEATING LOAD =«,F10.0,« MONTH =«,I3.' DAY =«,I3,« H *OUR =' , 13)

FORMAT (//34H RU M O , RU NTY P , ASHR A E , I D ET AL . M ETHOD/4 1 H RUNIO

21 DENTIF ICAT I ON OF THE RUN /42H 1 NEED RESPONSE FACTO

3R DATA/42H 2 SKIP RESPONSE FACTOR DATA/26H RUNTYP...

4 TYPE OF RUN/56H 1 ENERGY CALCULATION ..NEEDS WE

5ATHER TAPE/40H 2 DESIGN LOAD C AL C UL AT I ON/5 2

6 3 DESIGN AND ENERGY LOAD C ALCUL A T I ONS/ 2 8 H ASHRAE 0 7 USE RMTMP/47H 1 USE ASHRAE WEIGHTING FACTORS/3'^H

8IDETAL 0 NO DETAILED OUTPUT/34H 1 DETAILE

9D 0UTPUT/49H METJ-CD 0 REGULAR TREATMENT FOR THE R00M/4aH.

SPECIAL TREATMENT OF THE ROOM)

1 280 FORMAT (31 H 1290 FORMAT ( 30H

1 300 FORMAT < 42H

13 10 FORMAT ( 38t- 1320 FORMAT (32H

1 330 FORMAT ( 49H

1 3 40 FORMAT (32H

1350 FORMAT (31 H

1 360 FORMAT ( 43H

1 370 FORMAT (42H

1380 FORMAT (42H

1 390 FORMAT ( 22H

1 400 FORMAT (33H

14 10 FORMAT (96H TA SHEET NO 2 +3 : MONTH , DAY , ELAPS , DBM AX , RANGE . WBMAX

,

2 DRMWT ,TGS,TGW,UG.LONG,LAT,TZN.ZLF,RHOW)

FORMAT (34H DATA SHEET NO 4: NAME OF THE ROOM)

FORMAT (35H DATA SHEET NO 5 : I ROT , I SK I P , I NCLUOE

)

FORMAT (85H DATA SHEET NO 8: ROOMNO . QL I TY , OE QPY , QCU , FLCG . FR A S, T S ,

C

2FN'V,ARCHGS,ARCHGW,ARCHGM,ZNQRM)

FORMAT (53H DATA SHEET NO. 9: I W , I L . TUL , TLL , QC MA X , QHMAX , I THST , I TK

)

{ ) (56H DATA SHEET NO 13: U E NOW , UCEL NG , AEND W , AT CHT , A I RC HG , A I RN

lEXTSD, lEXMS, I EXME t NT VNT , N VEN T//

)

DBOUT WBOUT DB I N RHIN

FORMAT

FORMAT

2T)

FORMAT (49H DATA SHEET NO 14

FORMAT (/'/69H TIME

2 C S QLL ) FORMAT ( I I 0 ,4F10 .1 ,2F1 0 . 0)

FORMAT (///)

FORMAT (///14H ROOM NAME= 9A4,9H

2MHR QLMAX CLDAY HLDAY

FORMAT ( 14, 16, 1 10. 3F 10 .0,F 1 0. 1

)

FORMAT (13H ***** YEAR =,I5,14H ***** MONTH =,I3,12H ***** DAY =,I

23/ ) FORMAT ( 8H RC CM NO . 6 X2HH T , 6 X2H AG ,3X5 HNOFLR , 5X 3H QCU , 2X6HARCHGS, 2X6H

2ARCHGW)

FORMAT ( 1 5F8 .1 )

MONTH= I6/56H

DBA ) DAY

18d
104 5 1 570 F ORM AT

1 046 1 5 80 F CRM AT fTX^Hni TTY.'^VRHnpnpy-Ziy^l-K^F'MV/ AYAl-iriRIW AYOMT*^ AVCiHTvy /iY/iI-IDI-I

1 r> A 7 ^? T1 Mi> I# 1 0 4 fl 15 90 FORM AT ( /"^ 1 H (lFNr\Ai iJrFi Mr" AFMnw ATr'WT^

10 49 16 0 0 FORM AT \0/V»^niNC_A~f 'AtJril |P\tJAt--''»l inolXO\OA»i^//

10 5 0 16 10 FORM I \J * l"l AT1 ( 1 H • ft Aft \

1 f) 1 X w J 1 16 2 0 FORMAT

10 5? 2 1 = t 1 5 t 105 3 16 30 FO RK/ AT ( 1 X • Q AA. 1 10 5 4 16 40 FORM AT ( 9 A4 ) 105 5 1 6 50 FTRM u r\ i"i AT1

11 nu c^ ^c 16 6 0 F n RM A T

1 0 57 1670 FORM AT < 24F5 • 0

)

10 5 8 16 80 FI riRM LJ I"t ATI fcOLj CIlRFArF Mn ITYPP f HT IDF" ARCrD II

1 059 2 H , 9X « \i HAQX T 1 AA ^ ."^HWAZSy • ' " »» ^ /\ .SI-i^^iHAnFftX V w' O 1 L_ O/\ .9 i_PI-IIT«y. 1 W 1 OA*^""! PHHI ^/ 10 60 1 690 F n RM AT rf/yPlH ^HAnnWfA*^TTM/^r»ATA/1P1H HT Fl FD

106 1 2 AW RWL RWR D FP1 A1 Rl r \

1 06 2 3 FP2 AP pp r P 1 10 6 3 1 700 FO RM AT i / / "^H RADIATinN T NTF RT H A N^i F FArTnR<=;)

106 4 1710 F ORM AT tlORHSlJRFArF 1 ? 7 A

ft 7 R Q \ Ck\ 106 6 1 720 FORMAT

106'' 1 7 30 FORM AT IP7H *^ri AR DATA fOSlJM/Ofll AS*^) ) 1068 1 740 FORMAT (4H /5H ) 1069 1 50 FORMAT (6H DBA =,F6.2/9H QLDSUM =,F10.0//)

10 7 0 17 60 FORMAT (36H TOTAL CCCLING CONSUMPTION PER DAY =,F10.0,4H BTU/36H T 107 1 20TAL HEATING CONSUMPTION PER DAY =,F10.0,4H BTU

)

1 07 ? 17 70 FORMAT (4.9H TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION FOR THE ROOM OVER THE ,13,14

107 3 2H DAY PERIOD -,E11.5,4H BTU/49H TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION FOR THE

10 74 3 ROOM OVER THE , 1 3 , 1 3H DAY PERIOD =,E11.5,4H BTU)

107 5 1 780 FORMAT (31H TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION FOR .I2,8H ROOMS =,E11.5,4H

1 C 7 6 2BTU/31

TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION FOR ,I2.8H ROOMS =,E11.5,4H BTU)

107 7 1 790 FORMAT <///39H CONGRATULATI ONS## NOW YOU ARE ON NBSLD

)

1078 180 0 FORMAT (/46H WE ASSUME YOU HAVE ALREADY PREPARED THE DATA)

1079 1810 FORMAT (52H ON NBS DATA FORMS. .IF YOU HAD NOT , PLEASE TURN OFF)

1080 1 8 20 FORMAT (57H THE TERMINAL AND HAVE YOUR DATA READY ON THE DATA FOR

1 08 I 2MS)

1X nw pCj P^

1 fi ft "3 END

1 \J O *f I S A2

108 5 SUBROUTINE ABCD2 ( Z , K , L , G , A , B , C , D , NL

)

1 086

1087

1 08 8 Q

1 08 9 DIMENSION AX(10).BX( 10),CX( 10) ,DX( 10) .G(10)

109 0 REAL K( 1 0) .L<1 0)

PI=4,*ATAN< 1 .)

1 r\ Q ^ PP=PI*0 .5

i VJ ^ J DO 50 I = 1 ,NL

1 09 4 IF ( G( I ) ) 40,40 , 10

1 u ^ X vf IF (Z) 30 ,30,20

109 6 2 0 ZG=SQRT( Z/G( I )

)

ZOL=ZQ*L( I

)

10 9 8 CC = S IN( ZQL)

1 u V ^ C l=CaS< ZQU ) 1100 S1=C0/ZQL

1101 S2 = < Sl-CD /ZGL/ZQL

1 102 AX( I ) = C1

19d
103 BX( I )=L ( I ) /K ( I ) * S

10 4 CX ( I » = -ZQL*K ( I )/L ( I ) *C0

105 pX( I )=C1

10 6 GO TO 50

107 3 0 AX( I ) = 1 . 10 8 C X( I ) =0 . lOP DX < I )= 1 . 110 BX( I )=L< I ) /K( I ) 111 GO TO 50

112 40 AX ( I )= 1 . 113 BX( I )=1/K( I ) 114 CX ( I )=0 . 115 DX ( I ) =1 . 116 50 CONT INUE

117 A = AX ( 1 ) 118 B = BX ( 1 )

1 1 C= CX ( 1 ) 120 D=DX< 1 ) 121 IF (NL.LT.2) GO TO 60

122 CALL MLLT ( AX , BX , CX , DX , A , 8 » C , D , NL

)

123 6 0 RETURN

124 c 125 END

1 26 cDFOR , IS A3

127 SUBRCUTINE ABCDP2 ( 2 , K . L , G» AP . BP , CP, DP

)

128 c

1 29 c 4 ************ ************************ ******************

130 c 13 1 REAL K,L

13 2 P I =4 . *A T AN ( 1 . ) 1 33 IF (G) 30, 30 ,10

134 1 0 PP=PI/4./G

135 IF ( Z) 40 ,40 ,20

136 20 ZG = SQRT< Z/G

)

137 ZGL= ZQ*L

1 38 X=L*L*0 . 5/G

139 RE £ = L/K

14 0 CO=S I N ( ZQL

)

.14 1 C 1=C0S( ZOL)

142 S1=C0/ZQL

I 143 S2=(S1-C1)/2GL/ZGL

1 44 AP=X*S

.14 5 BP = X*RE £*S2

14 6 CP=X*(Sl+Cl)/RES

1 1 47 DP=X*S1

L 1 48 GO TO 50

1 49 c 1150 30 AP = 0 .

L 1 5 1 BP=0 .

L 1 52 CP = 0 •

I 1 53 DP = 0.

1154 GO TO 50

15 5 c 1156 40 CONTI NUE

157 X=L*L*0 .5/G

1158 AP= X 1159 BP=X*L/K/3

1160 CP=K/L*X*2.

20d
116 1 1162

1 163

1 164

1 165

1 166

116?

1 16fl

1 169

1170

1171

1172

1173

1 174

1175

11^6

1177

1 176

1 1 79

1 180

1181

1182

1 183

1 164

1185

1 186

1187

1188

I 189

1190

1191

1 192

1193

1 194

1195

1 196

1197

1 198

1199

120 0 1201

1202

1203

120 4 1205

1206

1207

1208

1209

1210

121 1 1212

1213

1214

1215

1216

1217

1218

C50

C

fflFCR

C

cc

10

20

C

30

40

C

50

C

aFOR •

NR

DP = X GC TO 50

RETURN

END

IS A4

SUBROUTINE ADJUST ( QL t QLATNT .MONTH , NK , J J

)

IF (MCNTH.GE .6.AND.MCNTI-.LE .9) GO TO 30

IF (QL) 10.10,20

IF ( JJ.GT.l ) GO TC 50

IF (NK .L T. 8.0R .NK.GT . 1 7) GO TO 50

RETURN

IF (QL) 40.50,50

IF ( JJ. GT. I ) GO TC 50

IF (NK,LT.8.0R.NK.GT.l 7) GO TO 50

RETURN

QL=0 , QL ATNT = 0 . RETURN

END

IS A5

SUBROUTINE ATTIC ( X , Y , Z , CR , NR , UX ."^^ O . DB , QSUN , Q SK Y , TO S , T I , TINEW, TA . 2 TIM.ORFCQRFI.QO.QI .U ENDW , UCEL NG . AE NOW , AROOF, ATCHT , ATCACG ) **>ii*)t3>«*:tJlr*X'<**«*««*4«****4*****#***4*********************** ******

THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES HEAT INPUT TO THE ROOM BELOW THE

ATTIC CEILING. IT ALSO CALCULATES ATTIC TEMPERATURE

X.Y.Z RESPONSE FACTORS FOR ROOF... INSIDE SURFACE THERMAL

RESISTANCE IS INCLUDED

CR COMMON RATIO OF THE ROOF RESPONSE FACTORS

NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT RESPONSE FACTORS TO BE USED

UX ROOF OVER ALL HEAT CONDUCTANCE EXCLUDING THE EXTERIOR SURFACE

THERMAL FESISTANCE

FC ROOF EXTERIOR SURFACE THERMAL TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

DB OUTDOOR CRY-BULB TEMPERATURE

QSUN SOLAR RADIATION OVER TFE RCOF

QSKY RADIATION TO THE SKY

TCS ROOF SURACE TEMPERATURE HISTORY

TI ATTIC TEMPERATURE HISTORY

TONEW NEW OUTSIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE

TINEIft NEW ATTIC TEMPERATURE

QRFO HEAT CONDUCTED INTO THE ROOF SURFACE

QRFI HEAT CONDUCTED INTO THE ATTIC FROM THE ROOF

QO.QI HEAT CONCOCTED INTO THE ROOM BELOW THE ATTIC

UENDW OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF THE END WALL

UCELNG OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF THE CEILING

BETWEEN THE ATTIC AIR AND ROOM AIR BELOW

AENDW AREA OF THE ATTIC END WALLS

ARCCF TOTAL AREA OF ThE CEILING

ATCHT ATTIC HEIGHT

2 Id
1219

1220

122 1 1222

1223

1224

1225

1226

1227

1228

122Q

1230

1231

1232

1233

1234

1235

1236

1237

1238

1239

1240

1 241

1242

1243

1244

1245

1246

1247

1248

1249

1250

1251

1252

1253

1254

1255

1256

1257

1258

1259

1260

1261

1262

1263

1264

1265

126 6 1267

1268

1269

1270

127 1 1272

127 3 1274

1275

1276

C ATCACG ATTIC AIR CHANGE PER HOUR

C ALL UNITS IN ENGLISH UNIT ALL LENGTH IN FT

DII^ENSICN TOS< 1 ) ,T I ( 1 ) .X( 1 ) , Y( 1 ) ,Z( 1 ) ,TOY( 50)

CFM=ATC ACG*ATCHT*AR00F/6 0

.

BB=DB- TIM

TAM=TA-T IM XNUM=QSLN-QSKY+FO*BB

YNUM=UENDW*BB*AENDW+1.08*CFM*BB+UCELNG*TAM*AROOF

YDEN=UENCW*AENDW+UCELNG*AR0aF+1.08*CFM

IF <NR.LT.2) GO To 10

GO TO 20

C

1 0

C

20

TAM-TI ( 1

)

TCNEW=(XNUM+UX*TAM)/(UX+FO)

QRFG=UX«(TAM-TONEW)

QRFI^GRFC

TINEVl/=(YNUM + UX*ARCOF*TONEW)/(YDEN+UX*AROOF)

TOS ( 1

) =TCNEW

QO=UCELNG*(TAM-TINEW)

Q I =GC

Tl ( 1 )=TINEV»

RETURN

SUMX=X( 1 ) *TI ( 1

)

SUMZ=0 . SUMY=Y ( 1 ) *T I ( 1 ) SUMXY^O

.

DO 50 J=2,NR

SUMY=SUMY+Y(J)*TI<J)

SUMX=£UMX+X< J)*TI( J)

SUMXY=SUMXY+Y( J ) *TOS ( J

)

50 SUMZ=SUMZ+Z< J)*TOS( J)

XNUM=XNUM+SUMY-SUMZ+CR*QRFO

TCNE\»=:XNUM/(Z(1 )+F0)

T0S( 1 ) = TONEW

SUMZ=SUMZ+Z( 1 )*TCS( 1

)

SUMXY=SUMXY + Y( 1 ) *TOS( 1 ) QRF0=SUMY-SUMZ+CR*QRFO

QRF 1= SUMX-SUMXY+CR*QRF

DO 30 J=2tNR

30 T0Y(J)=TI(J-1)

DO 40 J=2.NR

40 TI(J)=TCY(J)

SUMX=0.

SUMY=SUMXY

SUMXY=0

.

DO eO J=2tNR

SUMX=SUMX+X ( J) *T I ( J

)

60 SUMXY = SL^'XY+Y( J )*T I ( J)

YNUM=YNL;M-AROOF*( SUMX- SUMY + C R*QRF I ) YDEN= AROOF*X ( 1 )+YDEN

TI NE V»=YNLM/YDEN

SUMX=SUMX+TINE W*X( 1)

QRF I = SUMX -SUMY + C F* QRF

SUMXY=SLMXY+Y( 1)*TINEW

QRFC=SUMXY-SUMZ+CR*QRFQ

OC=UCELNG* ( T AM-T INEW

)

Q I = QO

22d
1277 TI< 1 ) = TI NE 1278 RETURN

1279 C 1280 END

1281 cDFOR .IS A6

1282 FUNCTION CCM ( SALT , NTYPE , TC ) 1283 C 1284 C 1285 c 1286 REAL CCl(lO) / . 60 , .60, .58 , . 58 , . 57 , .53 , .49 , .43 , . 35 , . 27/

1287 REAL CC2<10) / .88 , . f?e, . P8, . 87, .85, .83 , . 79 , . 73 . . 61 , .46/

1288 REAL CC3<10) / .84 . .83, .83, .82, .80. .79, .74, .67, . 60, .49/

1289 REAL CC4( 10) / 1 . , 1 . , 1 . , 1 . , .99 , .98, .95 , . 90 , .84 , . 74/

1290 ITC=TC

129 1 IF ( ITC .NE .0) GO TG 10

1292 CCM= 1 . 129 3 GO TC 60

1294 c 129 5 10 CONT INUE

1296 IF (SALT-45.) 40,40,20

1297 20 IF (NTYPE. EQ.O) GO TO 10

1298 CCM = CC2 < ITC

)

129 9 GO TC 60

1300 c 1301 30 CCM=CC4 ( ITC)

1302 GO TO 60

1303 c 1304 40 IF (NTYPE. EO.O) GC TO 50

1305 CCM-CCl ( ITC

)

1306 GC TO 60

1307 c 1308 50 CCM=CC3 (ITC)

1309 60 RETURN

1310 C 1311 END

1312 aFOR , IS A7

13 13 SUBROUTINE DBRH (DB,RH,W)

1314 c 1315 c 1316 c

13 1 7 PV£=PVSF (DB)

1318 PV=RH*PVS/100.

1319 W=0.622*PV/(29.92-PV)

1320 RETURN

1321 c 1322 END

1323 aFOR , IS A8

1324 SUBROUTINE DECODE ( WPOSX , WLONGX , NUM , OUT PUT , MM , Y R , MO , DAY , LOG AL

)

1325 c 1326 c 1327 c 1328 c THIS SUBROUTINE PRODUCES HOURLY DATA OF UP TO 10 WEATHER

1 329 c PARAMETERS FOR A GIVEN YEAR, MO AND DATE

1330 c TAPE FCSOTION FOR EACH OF TEN PARAMETERS ARE

133 1 c PARAMETERS WPOSX WLONGX

1 33 2 c »lllIND SPEED 13 3 1333 c WIND DIRECTION 11 2 1334 c DRY-BULB TEMP 16 3

23d
1335 C ViET-BULB TEMP 19 3

1336 C DEW-POINT TEMP 22 3

1337 c BAROMETPIC PRESS 34 4

1338 c TOTAL CLOUD AMOUNT 43 1 1339 c OPAQUE CLOUC COVER 44 1 1340 c PRECIPITATION(L IQUID) 68 2

1341 c PRECIPITATION(FRZ ) 70 3

1342 c TAPE FCSITICN CN TAPE 280

1343 c SOLAR DATA 14 4

1344 c ELEVATION ANGLE 18 2 1345 c TOTAL CLCUD 42 1 1346 c 1ST LAYER TYPE OF CLOUD 46 1 1347 c YR YEAR

1 348 c MO MONTH

134 9 c DAY DAY

1350 INTEGER IPS(24) .ICHAR(2000) »WPOS , WLONG . OUTPUT ( 2 4 .10)

1351 2 W0RDX(20 ) » WPOSX( 10 ) »WLONGX ( 10)

,

TAPE 1, T APE2

1352 COMMON TAPEl «TAPE2«N01 . N02 t I NPUT < 1 100)

135 3 IASS=1 000000

1354 IF (MM.NE.O) GO TC 90

1355 DO 1 0 I = 1 1

1356 CALL WD (0

)

1257 DO 10 JJ=lt49e

1358 KK=498*( I-l )+JJ

1359 1 0 ICHAR(KK)=INPUT( JJ)

1360 DO 20 1=1.15

136 1 I W=I CHAR ( I ) 1362 CALL WDX ( IW

)

1363 20 I ChAR ( I ) = I W 1364 YR=I CHAR ( 1 0 ) *1 0+ ICHAR( 11)+1900

1365 M0= ICHAR (12)*10+ICHAR( 13)

136 6 D AY= ICHAR( 14)*10+ I CHAR (15)

1367 L0CAL= I CHAR ( 9

)

1368 IPI«R:=1 1369 DO 30 1=1,4

1370 I PWR=1PWR* 10 1371 30 LOCAL=LCCAL+ ICHAR<9-I)*1PWR

1272 DO 80 KU=1 ,NUM

1 37 3 WPCS=WPOSX (KU)

1 374 WLCNG=WLCNGX (KU)

1375 DO 40 1=1.6

1376 IPS( I )=15 + WP0S + 80*( I- 1 ) 1377 DO 40 J= 1 .3

1278 I I=I+J *6

1379 4 0 1PS( II)=IPS( I)+J*498

1380 DO 70 1=1,24

138 1 KI = IPS( I

)

1382 KL = KI+ WLCNG-1

1383 DO £0 L2=K I , KL

1 384 IW=ICHAR(L2)

1385 CALL WDX (IW)

1386 50 ICHAR(L2 )=IW

138"' L0NG=WLCNG-1

1388 IF ( ICHAfi( KI ) . EO.I ASS. AND. WLONG

.

GT .1 ) LONG=WLONG -2

1389 WORO=AES (ICHAfi(KL )

)

1290 IF (LCNG.EG.O) GC TO 70

129 1 IPWR=1

1392 DC 60 JK=1 .LONG

24d
1393

1 39^

1395

1396

139 7 1398

1399

1400

140 1 1402

1403

1404

1405

1406

1407

1408

1409

14 10

141 1 14 1 2 14 13

14 14

1415

1416

1417

1418

14 19

1420

1421

1422

1423

1424

1425

1426

1427

1428

1429

1430

143 1 1432

1433

1434

1435

1436

1437

1438

1439

1440

144 1 1442

1443

1444

1445

1446

144"' 1448

1449

1450

60

7C

80

C90

100

1 10

120

C

1 30

140

1 50

1 60

170

1 80

190

I PWR=:I PWR* 10

WORD = WORD+ I CHAR ( KL- JK ) «I PWR

IF ( ICHAR ( KL ) .LT . 0 ) WOPD = -WQRD

OUTPUT( I ,KU ) =WORD

CONT INUE

GO TC 240

CALL WD ( 1

)

JZ = 0 DO 100 J=l»991.66

JX= J JZ=JZ+

I W=I NPUT ( J

)

CALL WDX ( IW)

IF (IW.NE.IASS) GO TO 110

CONT INUE

IF (JX.LT.991) GO TO 130

DO 1 20 KU=1 , NUM

DO 120 J=l ,24

OUT PUT(J,KU)=IASS

GO TO 240

JY=JX+20

DO 140 I=JX,JY

IW= INPUT( I ) CALL WDX ( IW

)

ICHAR( I )=I

YR = ICHAR ( JX+5) * 1 0+ ICHAR< JX + 6 ) + 1900

DAY=ICHAR(JX+9)*10+ICHAR(JX+10)

MO=ICHAR< JX+7)*10+ ICHAR( JX+8)

IF (DAY.GT.O) GO TO 150

I Y=Aes( DAY

)

IF (IY.LT.20) DAY=DAY+20

IF (IY.GE.20) DAY=DAY+40

CONT INUE

LCCAL=ICHAR( JX+4)

IPWR=1

DC 160 1=1 ,4

IPWR = IPWR* I 0 IF ( ICHAR ( JX+4- I ). GT .0 ) LCCAL=I ASS

GO TO I'^O LCCAL=LCCAL+ ICHAR(JX+4-I)* I PWR

CONTINUE

I HP=3+ J Z IF (WFCS.EQ.O) GC TO 240

DO 230 KU=1,NUM

WPCS=WPCSX (KU)

WLONG=WLGNGX( KU)

DO 180 1=1,24

OtTPUT( I ,KU) =0

DO 2 10 1=1 , 1 6 KI =V(P0S+66*( I-l ) KL=K I+WLONG

DO 190 L2=KI,KL

I W=INPUT(L2)

CALL WDX ( IW

)

ICHAR<L2 ) = I

GO TO 160

25d
1451 LCNG=WLCNG-1

1452 IF ( ICHARCKI ) .EQ.IASS.AND.WLONG.GT.l ) L0NG = WL0NG-2

1453 WORD=ICHAR(KL)

1454 IF (LCNG.EG.O) GO TO 210

145 5 IPWR = 1 1456 IPWR = IPViR*10

1457 DO 200 JK=1 .LONG

1458 IF ( ICHAR( KL ) .LT .0 ) WORD = -WORD

1459 200 WORD = WORD+IC(-AR(KL-JK) *IFWR

1460 2 10 WORDX< I ) =WORD

146 1 DO 220 1=1 , 16

1462 KK=I+3

1^63 220 OUTPUT (KK ,KU ) = WORDX( I ) 1464 220 CONTINUE

1465 24 0 RETLRN

146 6 C

1 467 END

1468 aFOR , I S A9

1 469 SUBROUTINE DERVT ( A , B , C , D , A P , BP . CP , DP , APP , BPP , C FP , DPP , N

)

1470 c 1471 c *);<«***** **********************************************************

1472 c 1473 DI MENS ION A(N)»E(N),C(N),D<N).AP(N),BP(N),CP(N).DP(N),AT(10).

1474 2 BT<10),CT(10),DT(10). ATT< 10),BTT(10),CTT<10),DTT(10)

1475 DO 2 0 I=1,N

1476 DO 20 J=1.N

1477 IF ( I.EQ.J) GO TO 10

1478 AT( J )=A( J)

1479 BT( J)=B( J)

1480 CT(J)=C(J)

148 1 DT ( J )=D ( J ) 1482 GO TC 20

1483 1 c AT(J)=AP( J)

1484 BT( J )=ep{ J)

1485 CT( J)=CP( J)

1486 DT( J ) = DP( J ) 1487 2C CONT INUE

1468 30 CALL yULT ( AT, BT ,CT,DT ,ATT( I ) ,BTT( I ) ,CTT( I ) .DTT ( I ) ,N)

1489 APP=ATT( 1 ) 149C BFF^BTT ( 1

)

1 49 1 CPP=CTT( 1

)

1492 DFP=DTT ( 1

)

1493 DO 40 1=2.

1 494 AFF = APP+ ATT ( I)

1 495 BPP = BPP + BTT( I > 1496 CFP=CPP+ CTT ( I ) 149 '> 4C DFF=DPP+DTT( I

)

1498 RETURN

1 499 c 1500 END

150 1 aFCR. IS AlO

1502 SUBROUTINE DST ( YR , MO , CAY , DSTX , DST Y

)

1503 c 1504 c l^^f^^•^!.^^1,^,^,ifi^:l^^,^•^i^^l^l^^:l,^^i,^^^,i^i,^^-i^1^i^i^i^^lil^•^^^^^:l^^^^1fl^^ 15 05 c 1506 INTEGER YR , DAY, DSTX» DSTY

1507 NDAY=WKCAY(YK,MC,DAY)

- 308 IF ( MC.LT.4. CR. VC.GT. 1 0) GO TO 10

26d
1 £0 9 IF (Mn.EQ.4.ANn.nAY.IT.P^l CPi Tn If) 1510 IF <NDAY.EO«l) D<iTX = r)AY

1511 IF ( MO • FC • 1 O • ANIC . CAY .1 T.P4J (^D Tn lO

15 12 IF ^ NDAY.FO. 1 > nSTY = nAY

1 f) rnKT TNIJF 1514 RE TURN

15 15 Q

1516 END

15 17 aFOR « IS All

FUNrTinN nPF fpvi

1519

152 0 152 1

1 52 2 THIS UR PD IIT I N F TAL TIJI A T F «^ DF 'jl/ —P P T NIT TFMPFRATIJRF FnR fiTV/FlsJ VAPOR P 152 3 IF <PV/l 10«10.?0

15 2 4 1 0 GO TO 40

152 5 1526 2 0 CONT I NUE

1527 Y = LOG ( P V ) 15 2 8 IF ( FV • CT • 0 • 1 836 ) GO TO 30

152 9 DPF=71 .9 8 + 2 4 . 873* Y+ 0 . 8 92"^* Y* Y

15 30 GO TO 40

15 3 1 153 2 30 DPF= 7g, 047+30* 5 79* Y+ 1 • e893*Y*Y

153 3 4 0 RETURN

1 534 c

15 3 5 END

1536 3F0R » IS A 1 2 1537 'ilJRR rUT I NF FRRnp (TDATA.K)

15 38 (; 1 53 9 Q

1540 Q

1541 DIMENSION NiAX(lO) /100»100»l£0il£0fl£0t3500»10il0f99t999/

154 2 DIMENSION MIN(IO) /O « 0

t - 40 -40 « — 4 0 , 2 00 0 » 0 , 0 » 0 » 0 / ,IDATA(24)

1 £43 DC 10 J=l. 24

1 54 4 I Z= I DATA f J ) 1545 IF ( I Z . GT . M AX ( K ) ) GO TO 10 154 6 IF < IZ .LT . Ml N( K ) ) GC TO 10

1547 GO TO ?0

15 4 8 1 0 CONT I NUE

15 4 9 2 0 T DAT A { 11 = 17

155 0 DO 40 J = 2 « 24

15 5 1 17=1 DATA 1 J

)

15 52 IF ( I Z • GT . MAX( K ) ) GO TO 30

15 5 3 IF ( IZ • LT . M I N < K ) ) GC TO 30

155 4 G Q T n 4 0 15 5 5 inATAfJ)=IDATA<J— 1

)

155 6 4 0 CC NT TN UF

15 57 RETURN

15 58

15 5 9 END

1 vJ tu n LJ p\ IS A 1 3

1 w C 1

1 £62 c 156 3 ******#***********************************************************

1 C D l_ 1565 C BC = RECEIVING SURFACE

1 566 c AB = SENDING SURFACE

27d

i'

I'

;j

'i
1 se'' C F(A»B.C)= FRCM AB TO BC

1568 PI =3. 14 159

156 9 c F(CtE.A)-F(A,B,C)*A/C

1570 c ( A*B )*F( A,B ,C) = (e*C) *F ( C ,8, A ) 1571 X= A/B

1 572 Y = C/8

1573 Z=X*X+Y*Y

157A A2=LGG( < 1 . +X*X ) *( 1 .+Y*Y )/ ( 1 . + Z ) ) 1575 A3=Y*Y*LCG ( Y*Y* ( 1 . +Z ) / ( 1 .+Y*Y ) /Z

)

157 6 A4 = x*X*LCG( X*X* ( 1 . +Z )/< 1 .+X*X ) /Z

)

157 7 A5=Y*ATAN( 1 ./Y

)

1578 A6=X*ATAN( 1 . /X

)

1579 A7 = SGRT{ Z)*ATAN( 1 ./SQPT( Z) ) 1580 SUM={ A2+A3-4-A4) /4.+A5+A6-A7

1581 F=SUM/P I/Y

1582 RETURN

1583 c 1584 END

1585 aFCR , IS A14

1586 SUBROUTINE F CTR ( L , W . H , SF

)

1587 c 1588 c 1589 c 1590 REAL L»SF(6,6)

159 1 c THIS ROUTINE CALCULATES BASIC RADIATION SHAPE FACTORS FOR A

1 592 c RADIATION SHAPE FACTOR F ( H , L , W ) = ( H* L ) * ( L*W

)

1593 c TO FROM C s w N 1594 c C CEILING 0 FHLW FHWL FHLW

1595 c S SOUTH WALL FWLH 0 F WHL RMS

159 6 c W WEST WALL FLWh FLHW 0 FLHW

159^ c N NORTH WALL FWLH RMN FWHL 0 159 8 c E EAST WALL FLWH FLHW RME FLHW

1599 c F FLOOR RMF FHLW FHWL FHLW

1600 c 160 1 c PM zz REMAINDER

1602 FHLW=F (H ,L .W

)

1603 FHWL=F< H, W,L ) 1604 FWLH=F( W ,L,H)

1605 FWHL=F< W,H ,L)

1606 FLWH=F(L,W,H)

1607 FLI-W=F ( L »H .W ) 1608 RMC=1 .-2 .* (FHLW+FHWL

)

1609 Rt^S=l.-2.* (F WLH+FWHL ) 161 0 RMW=l.-2.*( FLWH+FLHW

)

1611 RVN=r<vs

1612 RME=RMW

161 3 RMF=PMC

1614 SF( 1 ,1 ) = 0. 1615 SF( 1,2)=FHLW

1616 SF ( 1 ,3 ) =FHWL

1617 SF( 1 ,4 )=:FHLW

16 18 SF ( 1 , 5 )=FHWL

16 19 SF(1 ,6)=RMC

1620 SF(2. 1 )=FWLH

1621 SF(2,2 )=0.

1622 SF(2,3)=FWHL

1623 SF<2 ,4 ) = RMS

1624 SF(2.5)=FWHL

ROOM ,

E FHWL

FWHL

RMW

FWHL

0 FHWL

2 8d
16 2 5 ori 2»Ol — rWLn

16 2 6 or ( J t 1 J -rL WH

16 2'' bri 3i2/— rLHW

162 8 SF (3,3)=0»

16 29 CCbr f /, \ — CI LJtiJV 0 f4 > — rLMW

1630 bt- I 3 » 0 ; — HM W 16 31 or 13 to; — rLwH

16 3 2 orCC#/i 1 \ — CLaiI I_J < • 1 ) -r WLH

1 A "a "5 1 O J 3 or i '^^ 2 1 — KMN

16 34 CIZ or t /t ^ \ — C 111 Lj 1 (tl- ,0 ; — rwHL

1 C J 5 brt4«4l~U* i /i /i \ — r\

1 A *3 A 1 & J o or \ 1 — rWHL

lt> J or l**fO ) — riWUH

1638 or 1 b • 1 J =r L wn

16 39 br \ ^ t

J— rLMW

^ ^ A r\ br ( 0 V 0 / — h Mr

16 4 1 br 1 b J — rLnW

1 & yi o 1 C 4 £cc/c; br^CtOJ— ci—nU« br\D»D 1— rLWH

IC

CCf£. 1 \ — C iLiCT br 1 0 » 1 ; — H Mr

i & /I c 1 O S br\ c» 2 rnLW

16 4 6 or t*j/ — rnWL

1 O

orl C C / £ / \ — C LJi 111 r;*'!- 1— rnLW

1 A /i o I C H U or \ C>«o 1— rriiL

1 6 4 9 cc / \ — r\ br iOf6)— U«

16 5 0

1 o O 1 C

1 A c o 1 cc M r> t N U

16 5 3 3F CR , IS A 1 5 16 5 4 bC<bHUUIir\t cic3d#~»iitikc Cf*i rU /V/ lV»lb»rU(.»rUlflWUj TC cn/~ cnT Tujr\% 16 5 5 C

1 A A 1 D O D c

1 ^ ir "7 165'

1658 c Trilb bUcKUUTiNt C AL CUU A T fc. b UUIblUt bUKrACc. ntAT (KANbrtK

16 5 9 c

/*/^CCC*/"TCKITC CnT AKirN r~ /—> y— cot rr 1 C I cNT b * rUT AND rOC

loo U COT rU* ••••KAUIAIION OAP^T ATTnM OlHuUbIIC mKl\yC/~TTnKI v.U in v ' 1 L) N 166 1 c rOC • • • •CUNVcCT lUN

166 2 c V««««««WIND VELOCITY IN KNOTS

1663 c 1664 c 1665 c 166 6 c

16 6 7

1 668 2 0»33Ut0»3lt)t0«2**-'»-t0»2o2/ tC<0) /2«0At2«20»l»V0»l»'*-btl»o0»l»'*-bX

1669 VP= v*l • 1 53

167 0 rUT=Pv 15 IVVHfVP + ot 15 J* VP +C 115)

167 1 c IWU— 1 ir iHt bUKrACt 15 WiiNUWAKU UK KAK AU I- tU 1 U 1 n c W 1 N U 167 2 c I»D=0 I r Tnc SUNr Atti 15 LttWAKu

1 A "7 ^ 1 C f o Ir (IWUccQsUI (jU 1u cO

lb f 4 TC /vm "y n\ Ort Ort ^ r\ Ir IVH— r«Uj <±Ut£U«lU

1 A ^ c 1 C 7 O 1 u rOC— 0»23=fVH+l»u2

1 A "7 A 1 O D GO TO 3 0

1 A ^ ^ 16 7 7 c

1 D 7 0 F 0 C— 2 • 6 3 167 9 3 0 RETURN

1680 c 1681 END

1682 aFOR, IS A16

2 9d
1683 SUBROUTINE GLASS ( S HAD C W , SH DCF , G LT Y P , GL A ZE , S HGF ) 1684 C

1685 C 1686 C

168'' DI^E^SIC^ TR(9),SH(25)

1688 REAL LAT.LCNG

168<? CO^'^<C^ /SCL/ LAT ,LCNG, TZN, W AZ» WT , CN, DST ,LPYR t S ( 35 X 1690 TR ( 7 ) = S( 19)

1691 TR(8)=GLTYP

1692 TR(9)=GLAZE

1693 CALL TAR ( TR

)

1694 SH ( 1

) =S ( 24

)

1695 SH(2)=S(22)

1696 SH(3)=S(23)

1697 SH(4)-S(19)

1698 SH{ 5 ) = 0 .

5

1699 SH(6)=0.5

1700 SH(7)=0.25

1701 SH{8)=0.

1702 SH(9)=0.7

1703 SH( 1 0 )= SHADO

W

1704 SH( 1 1 )=SI-DCF

1705 SH(12)=TR(1)

1706 SH(13)=TR(2)

17C^ SH(14)=TR(3)

1708 SH(15)=TR<5)

1709 SH{16)=TR(4)

1710 SH(17)=TR(6)

171 1 CALL SHG ( SH

)

1712 SHGF=SH< 18)

171? RETURN

1714 C 1715 END

1716 SFOR.IS A17

1717 SUBROUTINE GPF (U.ZL.Z)

1718 C 1719 C ********

1^20 G 1721 DIMENSION Z( 1

)

1722 PI=4 .*ATAN( 1 . ) 1723 SQTPI = SQRT(P I) 1724 PI2=2./PI

1725 EB=0.001

1726 DB=0.1

172^ WRITE (6,30)

1728 WRITE (6,40)

1729 Z( 1 )=2*ZL*SGBT(U)/SQTP I 1730 ZZ=Z(1)

1731 Z( 2) = Z ( 1 ) * ( SORT ( 2. )-2. ) 1732 DO 10 K=3,50

1733 ZK=K

1734 10 Z(K)=Z(1 )*(SQRT( ZK )-2.*SQRT(ZK-l )+SQRT( ZK-2. )

)

1735 DO 20 K=l,50

1736 20 WRITE (6,50) K,Z(K)

1737 RETURN

1738 C

1739 C

1740 30 FORMAT (50H0 RESPONSE FACTORS FOR SE M I - I NF I N I TE BED

30d
1741 40 FORMAT (50HO K Z(K)

1742 50 FORMAT ( 1 I 1 0 , 3 F 1 0 . 5 )

1 74 3 C

1744 END

1745 ffiFCR, IS A18

1746 SLBRCUTINE HGLDAY ( Y R , C^C , D AY , N D AY , HCL ) 1747 C

1748 C *«**4*******«*******«****«*«**************««**«*****>1<*************

1749 C 1750 INTEGEf^ YR . D AY , HOL , WKD A Y 1751 NDAY=WKDAY( YR , MC .D AY ) 1752 HOL^O

1753 IF ( MO.EQ. 1 .AND.DAY.EQ. 1 ) HCL=1

1754 IF ( MO.EQ. 12.AND.DAY.EQ.31 . AND.NDAY.EQ.e ) H0L=1

1755- IF ( MO ,EQ. 1 . AND .CAY . EQ . 2. AND .NDA Y.EQ. 2 ) HOL=:l

1756 IF ( MO. EQ, 2 . AND. CAY . EQ .22 ) H0L = 1 1757 IF ( MO . EQ . 2 . AND . DAY . EQ . 2 1 . AND. NOAY. E 0. 6 i H0L=

1758 IF < MO.EQ. 2 . AND . CAY. EQ .23 .AND.NDAY .EQ.2 ) HOL=

1759 IF < MO. EQ. 5 . AND . CAY . EQ . 30 ) HOL=l

1760 IF <M0.eQ.5.AND.DAY.EQ.29. AND.NDAY.£Q.6 ) HOL^l

1761 IF ( MO . EQ. 5 . AND . DAY. EQ . 3 1 . AND. NDAY. EQ. 2 ) H0L=1

1762 IF ( ^'C . EG. 7 . AND . CAY . EQ .4 ) HCL=1

1763 IF ( MO . EQ. 7 . AND. DAY . EQ .3 . AND .NDAY . EQ .6 ) HOL=

1764 IF ( MO. EQ . 7 . AND . CAY . EQ . 5 .AND .NDA Y .EQ . 2 ) HOL=l

1765 IF < MC. EQ. 12 . AND. CAY . EQ .25 ) HOL=

1766 IF ( MC . EG . 1 2 . AND .DAY .EQ . 24 . AND . NDAY. EQ. 6 ) H0L=1

1767 IF < MC . EQ. 1 2 . AND .CAY . EQ , 26 . AND .NCAY . EQ . 2 ) HOL=

176S IF ( MO.EQ. <3. AND. CAY. LT .7 .AND .NDAY .EQ .2 ) HOL= 1 1769 IF ( MC . EQ . 1 1 . AND. CAY . GT . 24 .AND .NDA Y.EQ . 5) HOL=

1770 RETURN

1771 C

1772 END

1773 SFOR.IS A19

1774 SUBROUTINE MULT ( A , 8 , C . D , A T , BT , C T , D T , N

)

1775 C

1776 C ************

1777 C 1778 DINENSICN A ( N ) , E { N ) . C ( N ) , D ( N

1779 ATT=A(1)

1780 BTT=e( 1 ) 1781 CTT=C{ 1 ) 1782 DT T = D< 1 ) 1783 IF (N.LT.2) GO TO 20

1784 DO 10 J=2,N

1785 A T=ATT*A { J ) +ETT*C( J)

1786 BT=ATT*P( J ) +BTT*D( J ) 1787 CT=CTT*A ( J )+CTT*C( J)

1788 DT = CTT*B( J )+OTT*D{ J ) 1789 ATT=AT

1790 BTT=BT

1791 CTT=CT

1792 10 DTT=DT

1793 GO TO 30

179 4 C 1795 20 AT=ATT

179^ BT=BTT

1797 CT=CTT

1798 DT=DTT

31d
1799 3 0 RETURN

leoo C 180 1 END

1802 aFCR , IS A20

1803 SUBROUTINE OUTSID ( X , Y , Z , CR , UX . F 0 . DB . T I M , QO, Q I , Q SUN , Q SKY , TO . T I

1804 2 TCNEU,TA,NR)

180 5 c 1606 c ************ 4* ******«*:*****g!c*******#*****j(c*:jc**

1807 c

ifioa DIMENSION TO(l),TI<l),X(l).Y(l).Z(l)

1809 XNUM = QSUN-QSKY + FO* ( DB-TJ M)

1810 IF (NR .GT. 1 ) GO TO 40

181 1 IF <F0) 10,10,20

18 1 2 10 TONEW=T0 ( 1

)

1813 GO TC 30

1814 c

18 15 20 TAM=TA-TIM

1816 TCNE\*=( XNUM+CiX*TAM)/<UX + FC)

1817 30 CONT INUE

1818 QO=UX* ( T AM-TONEW

)

18 19 Ta( 1 ) =TCNE W 1820 GO TO 80

182 1 c 182 2 40 SUMZ=0

.

1823 SUMY = Y ( 1 ) *T I ( 1 ) 1824 SUVX=X( 1 )*TI ( 1 ) 1825 SUMXY^O . 1626 DO 50 J=2,NR

1827 SUMy=SUMY+Y( J) *T I ( J)

1828 SUMX = SUMX+X( J ) *T I< J

)

1829 SUMXY=SUMXY+Y( J ) *TC( J)

1630 50 SUMZ=SUMZ+Z(J)*TO(J)

1831 XNLV=£tMY-SUMZ+CR*QO+XNUM

1832 TONEW=XNUM/( Z( 1 )+F0)

1833 IF (FO) 60,60,70

1834 60 T0NF\*=T0(1)

1835 70 TO ( 1 )=T0NEV»

1836 SUMZ=SUMZ+Z(1)*T0(1)

183'' SUMXY=SUMXY+Y( 1 ) *T0( I

)

1838 QO=SUMY-SUMZ+CR*GC

183<3 .^0 CONTINUE

1840 RETURN

184 1 r. 1842 END

1843 aFCR, IS A21

18<i4 SUBROUTINE PSYl < C B , WB , PB , DP , P V , W , H , V , RH

)

1845 c 1846 c **********************4*********** ****************** **************

1847 c 1848 PVP=PVSF ( WB

)

1849 IF (CB-WB) 30,30,10

1850 1 0 WSTAR=0. 62 2*PVP/(PB-PVP)

1851 IF (we-32.) 20,20,40

18 52 2 0 PV=PVP-5.7 04E-4*PB*(DB-WB)/l .8 1853 GO TO 50

1 854 c 1855 30 PV=PVP

1856 GC TO 50

32 d
1 857

1658

1859

186 0 1861

186 2 1863

186 <i 1865

1866

1867

1868

1869

1870

1871

1872

1873

1874

1875

1876

1S77

1878

1879

1880

1881

1882

1683

1684

1885

1886

1887

1888

1889

1890

1891

189 2 1893

189 4 189 5 1896

1897

1898

1899

1900

1901

1902

1903

1904

190"^ 190 6 1907

1903

1909

1910

191 1 1912

1913

191 4

C4C

50

C60

70

C

CDB=<DB-32. ) /I .8

CWB=< WB-32 . ) /I .8

HL=597.3 1 + 0. 44 09* CCB-CWB

CH = 0. 2402 + 0. 44 09*WSTAR

EX= ( WST AR-CH*( CDB-CWB ) /HL)/0.62 2 pV=PB*EX/( 1 .+EX)

W=0.62 2*PV/(PB-PV)

V = 0.754*(DB + 459.'' )*( 1 +70 00 *W/4 360 ) /PB

H=0.24*DB+( 1C61+0.444*DB)*W

IF (PV.LE.O) GO TO 70

IF (DB.NE.WB) GO TO 60

DP=DB

RH=1 . GO TO 70

CONT INUE

DP=DPF( PV)

RH=PV/PVSF(DB

)

RETURN

END

aFOR.IS A22

SUBROUTINE PSY2 ( DB , DP , PB , WB . P V , \* , H , V , R H

)

C

cc

cc

cc

cc

c

c

1 0 20

*******************************************************************

THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES THE FOLLOWINGS WHEN DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE

( CB ) »DEW-PCI NT TEMPERATURE(DP) .AND BAROMETRIC PRESSURE(PB) ARE GIVEN

WB

W H

V PV

RH

30

C

40

C

3FCR

C

cc

WET-BULB TEMPERATURE

HUMIDITY RATIO

ENTHALPY

VOLUME

VAPCP PRESSURE

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

IF <DP-CP) 20, 10,10

DP=ce

PV=P VSF( DP ) PV=FVSF ( DP

)

PVS=PVSF(DB)

RH=PV/P VS

Vg = 0.e2 2*FV/( PB-PV)

V=0. 754*( DB+459 . 7 ) *( 1+ 700 0 * W/4 36 0 ) /PB

H=0.24*De+< 106 1+0.444«CB)*W

IF (H) 30,30,40

WB= DP

RETURN

WB=WBF( H ,PB

)

RETURN

END

, IS A23

FUNCTION PVSF (X)

DIMENSION A(6) /- 7 . 9 0 2 98 , 5 . 0 280 8

, - 1 . 38 1 6E- 7 , i i . 34 4 ,

33d
1915 2 a . 1328E-3.-3.49 149/ ,B(4) /- 9 . 097 1 8

, - 3 • 56654 , 0 . 876 79 3 , 0 . 006 02 73

/

19 16 3,P(4 ) 1917 T=( X+459.6e8)/1.8

1918 IF <T .LT .273 .1 6 ) GO TO 10

1919 Z=373. 16/T

1920 P( 1 )=A( 1 )*( Z-1

)

1921 P(2)=A( 2)*L0G10(Z)

1922 Z1=A(4>*( 1-1/Z)

1923 P(3)=A(3)*(10**Z1-1)

1924 Z1=A(6)*(Z-1

)

1925 P(4)=A(5)*( 10**Z1-1)

1926 GO TO 20

1927 C

1928 I 0 Z=27 3. 16/T

1929 P< 1 ) =B( 1 )* ( Z-1

)

1930 P< 2) =E< 2>*L0G1 0( Z)

193 1 P< 3)=B(3)*( 1-1/?)

1932 P{4)=L0G10(B(4 )

)

1933 20 SUM=0

1934 DO 30 1=1,4

1935 30 SCM=SUM+P( I

)

1936 PVSF=2g. 92 1* 1 0**SCM

1937 RETURN

1938 C 1939 END

1940 aFCR , IS A24

194 1 SUBROUTINE RESF ( XX , YY , Z Z , I RUN

)

1942 c 1943 c ***********************************************:******************

1944 c 1945 c THIS PROGRAM IS DEVELOPED BY T.KUSUDA OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF

1946 c STANDARDS FOR CALCULTING THE THERMAL RESPONSE FACTORS FOR

1947 c COMPOSITE WALLS .FLOORS .ROOF S, BASEMENT WALLS BASEMENT FLOORS

1948 REAL K< 1 0 ) .G< 10 ) ,L( 10 ) .KG

1949 DI MENS ION X(IOO) .Y{100),Z(100) ,C<10) .0(10),RES( 10), RMK (10,6)

1950 DIMENSION R|WKG(6) ,F(100), XX (100. 1).YY (100.1 ),ZZ(100,1),FF(100.20)

1951 DELTAT=1 . 1952 I KUN=0

1953 IN = 0

1954 WRITE (6.200)

1955 1 0 READ (5,380) NLAYR

1956 IF (NLAYR. EQ.O) GO TO 190

1957 I RLIN = I RU N+ 1 1958 IF ( NLAYR. GT . 1 0) GO TO 190

19 59 IF (NLAYR, EQ.O) GO TO 30

1960 DO 20 1=1. NLAYR

196 1 20 READ (5.380) L ( I ) . K ( I ) ,D ( I ) , C ( I ) . RES ( I ) 1962 WRITE (6,210 ) 1963 IF (IN.EQ.2) GO TC 40

1964 c READ K,RHO, AND C OF GROUND IF I N=

1965 c FCLLOWINGS ARE GROUND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. DENSITY AND SP.HT IF 1966 c IN=2. OTHERWISE THE SAME PROPERTIES OF THE INTERNAL SLAB

1967 30 IF (IN.NE.O) READ (5,380) KG,DG,CG

1^68 c AG THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY OF EARTH

1969 IF (IN.NE.O) AG=KC/CG/DG

1970 IF (NLAYR. FQ.O) GO TO 90

1971 IF (IN. EG. 2) READ (5,320) ( RMK G ( J ) , J= 1 , 6

)

1972 40 DO 50 1=1, NLAYR

34d
1973 50 READ (5»320) ( R M K ( I , J ) , J = 1 ,6 ) 1974 IF (IN.EQ,1) READ (5,320) ( RMKG( J) ,

J

= 1,6)

1975 DO 8 0 I = 1,NLAYR

1976 IF (L(I)) 70,60,70

1977 60 G ( I )=0 . 1978 K< I)=l ./RES( I) 1979 GO TO 80

1980 70 G( I)=K( I )/C( I)/D( I ) 1981 HC CONTINUE

1982 90 CONT INUE

1983 CALL RESFTK ( K , L , C, A G . K G ., Y,Z,NLAYR , DELTAT, NRT ,CR, UT, IN ,F ) 1984 WRITE <e,230) IRCJN 1985 Vi/R ITE ( 6,340 ) 1986 WRITE (6,240)

1987 WRITE <6,250)

1988 WRITE (6,220)

1989 IF (NLAYR.EQ.O) GO TO 120

1990 IF (IN.EQ.2) WRITE (6,350) KG,DG,CG, (RMKG( J) , J= 1,4)

1991 DO 110 1=1 ,NLAYR

1992 IF <L( I) ) 110, 100,1 10

199 3 1 00 K ( I ) = 0.

1994 1 10 WRITE (6,260) I,L(I),K(I), D ( I ) , C( I ) . RES ( I ) , ( RMK ( I , J ) , J=l ,6)

1995 IF (IN.EG.l) WRITE (6,350) KG, DG, CG, (RMKG( J ) , J= 1 ,6 ) 1996 1 20 WRITE (6,280) DELTAT

1997 WRITE (6,270) UT

1998 WRITE (6,290)

1999 WRITE ( 6,220 ) 2C00 IF (IN.NE.O) GO TG 140

2001 WR ITE ( e ,30 0 ) 2002 xx(i , irl:n)=float(nrt)

2003 YY( 1 ,IRUN) =FL0AT(NRT)

2004 ZZ ( I , IRUN )=FL0AT( NRT

)

2005 XX( 2

,

IRUN) =CR

2006 YY( 2,IRUN)=CR

20 0 7 ZZ( 2

,

IRUN)=CR

2C08 XX(NRT + 3 , IRUN)=UT

2009 DO 130 N=1,NRT

20 1 0 XX(N+2, IRUN)=X(N)

201 1 YY(N+2, IRUN) =Y( N)

20 1 2 ZZ(N+2. IRUN)=Z(N)

2013 JN=N-1

2014 130 WRITE (6,310) JN,X(N),Y(N) , Z(N)

2015 GC TC 180

2016 C 20 1 140 WRITE (6,360)

20 18 IF (IN.EQ.l) GC TO 160

2019 IF ( IN.EQ.2) GO TO 160

2020 XX( 1 , IRUN)=FLOAT (NRT)

202 1 XX( 2 , IRUN )-CR

2022 XX(NRT+ 3, IRUN)=UT

2023 DO 150 N=l ,NRT

2024 JN=N-1

2025 X( N) =-X ( N)

2026 XX ( N + 2 , I RUN ) =X( N

)

202'' 1 50 WRITE (6,370) JN,X(N)

2028 GC TC 180

2029 C

2020 1 6 0 DO 170 N=1,NRT

35d
203 1 JN=N-1

2032 FF (N + 2 , IRUN) =F( K)

203 3 170 WRITE (6,370) JN,F(N)

2034 FF( 1 , IRUN )=FLOAT (NRT

)

2035 FF(2,IRUN)=CR

2036 FF(NRT+3, IRUN)=UT

2037 1 80 WRITE (6,220)

2038 WRITE (6,220)

2039 WR IT E ( 6 , 330 ) CR

204 0 GC TC 10

2041 C 2042 1 90 RETURN

204 3 C 2044 c 2045 200 FORMAT (28H CATA SHEET NO 6 N/L,K,P,C,R)

2046 210 FORMAT (43H CATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER)

204^ 220 FORMAT (2H0 ) 2048 2 30 FORMAT (7H1 IRF=I10)

2049 240 FORMAT (77H0 LAYER L(I) K(I) (I) C(l) RES(

2050 21 ) DESCRIPTI ON ) 2051 250 FORMAT (70H NO

2052 2 OF LAYERS)

2053 260 FORM AT (1I6,1F11.3,1F10.3,1F10.2,1F10.3,1F8.2,2X,6A4)

20=^4 270 FORMAT (58H0 THERMAL CONDUCTANCE

2055 2 U=lF-'.3)

2056 280 FORMAT (49H0 TIME INCREMENT DT=1F3.0)

2C57 290 FORMAT (50FO RESPONSE FACTORS)

2058 300 FORMAT (/70H J X Y 2059 2 Z ) 2060 310 FORMAT ( 1 I 17 , 1F23 .4 , 2F 1 5 .4

)

2 06 1 320 FORMAT (6A4)

2062 330 FORMAT (44H0 COMMON RATIO CR=1F7,5)

2063 340 FORMAT (50H0 WALL COMPOSITION ) 2064 35 0 FORMAT (1F27.3,1F10.2,1F10.3,10X,6A4)

2065 360 FORMAT (50H0 J F ) 2066 370 FORMAT (1I24,1F21.5)

2067 380 FORMAT ()

2068 C 2C69 END

2C70 5)F0R , IS A25

207 1 SUBROUTINE RESFX ( X , Y , Z , XX , Y Y , 2 Z , NR , CR , UT , NEXP

)

2C72 C 20^3 c ************* ******

2074 c 2075 DIMENSION XX(100,10),YY(100,10),ZZ(100,10)

2076 DI MENS ION X(10,100),Y(1G,100),Z(10,100),NR(10),CR(10),UT(10)

2077 TEST=l.E-6

2078 DO 10 K= 1 , 10

2079 DO 10 J=l , 100

2080 XX ( J ,K )=0

2081 YY( J ,K) =0

2082 1 0 ZZ( J,K)=0

2083 CALL RESF ( XX , Y Y , Z Z , I RUN ) 2084 DO 50 K=1,NEXP

2085 I=K 2C86 IF(YY(5,K))11,11,12

2087 1YY( 3 ,K ) =0.

2088 YY(4,K)=0.

36d
2C89 YY(5.K)=0.

2C90 12 CONTINUE

2C91 IF (K.GT.IRUN) GC TO 50

20<32 X ( I , 1 )=XX( 3, K ) 2093 Y< I ,1 )=YY(3,K)

2094 Z< I . 1 )=ZZ( 3 t K)

2095 NR ( I ) = XX ( 1 ,K ) 2C96 CR< I )=XX(2.K)

2097 J J J = NR< I ) + 3 2098 UT( 1 ) =XX( J JJ ,K)

2099 NMAX=NR(I)

2100 Jl=l

2101 DO 40 J=2,NMAX

2102 J3=J+2

2103 J2=J+1

2104 X(I,J)=XX(J3tK)-XX(J2.K)*CR(I)

2105 Y(I.J)=YY(J3.K)-YY<J2,K)*CR<I)

2106 IF < ABS( X( I , J) )-TEST ) 20 .20 ,30

2107 2C NR(I)=J

2108 GO TO •SO 2109 30 CONTINUE

2110 Z(I,J)=ZZ(J3,K)-22(J2,K)*CR(I)

2111 JK=J

21 12 40 CONT INUE

2113 50 CONTINUE

2114 RETURN

2115 C

2 1 1ft C 2117 END

2118 fflFCR.IS A26

2119 SUBROUTINE RESPTK ( K , L , G . A G . KG . X ,Y , Z . NL ,DT , NR , C R , U , IS , F

)

2120 C 2121 C i(<*##:(**jji***;j>«*****************«*****«#*«**«  ** **************

212 2 C

2123 01 VERSION K(10).L(1Q),G(10),X(100),Y(100),Z(100),AP(10),BP(10),

212 4 2 CP(10),DP(10),A(10).B(10),C(10),D(10),ZR1(3).ZR2(3).RB(3),RAP(3).

2125 3 ROOT( 100).RA{3»100).ZRK(3.100),RX(100),RY(100),AZ(100),F(100)

2126 REAL K,L.KG

2127 PI=4.*ATAN{ 1 .)

2128 ZN=1.

2 129 S M3=3

2130 IF (IS.NE.l) GC TO 10

2131 ZL=KG/10.

2132 UY=100 ./AG/DT

2133 CALL GPF (UY.ZL.AZ)

2134 IF ( IS.EO. 1 .AND.NL.EQ.O) GO TO 360

2135 10 CALL ABCD2 ( 0 . . K t L . G . A X . BX , CX . DX . NL

)

2 136 RB(ir=DX

213"' RB<2)=1.

2138 RB(3)=AX

2139 U=1./BX

2140 DO 20 1=1 .NL

2141 PX=0

2142 CALL ABCDP2 (PX ,K ( I ) , L ( I ) . G (I ) . AP ( I ) , BP < I ) . CP ( I ) . DP ( I ) ) 2143 20 CALL ABCD2 ( PX , K ( I ) , L ( I ) . G ( I ) , A ( I ) . B ( I ) . C ( I ) . D( I ) , 1 ) 2144 IF (NL.LT.2) GO TC 30

2145 CALL DERVT ( A. B , C . D , AP , B P . C P . DP . APP . BPP , CPP . DPP , NL

)

2146 GC TC 40

37d
2 147 2 5 ZN=ZN+1

.

2148 1 F ( ZN .G T .4 . ) GO TO 510

2 1 49 GC TC 5

2 15 0 c

2 15 1 30 APPEAR ( 1

)

2 152 EPP= EP ( 1 ) 2 153 C F F = CF ( 1 ) 2154 DPP = CP ( 1 ) 2 15 5 4 C RAP( I ) =DPP

2 1 56 R AP ( 2 ) =0 . 2 157 RAF(3)=AFP

2158 DO 50 1=1,3

21 59 C1=RAP( I )/BX/DT

2 160 C2=RB(I )*BFP/BX/BX/DT

2 16 1 ZR2 ( I ) =-C 1 +C 2

2 162 5 0 ZRl ( I) = -2P2{ I)+Re( I)/BX

2 16 3 C ROO TS OF B(P) = 0.

2 1 64 NM AX-40

2 16 5 TE STMX = 40.

216 6 PX=0 .00 1 2 167 DFC=0.001/CT

2 1 68 DL X= C. 00 0

2 1 69 N=0

21 7C 6 C DL=UPO

2 17 1 CALL ABCD2 (PX,K,L.C,AX,BX,CX, DX , NL

)

2172 70 PXF=PX+DL

2173 CALL A8CC2 ( PX P , K ,L . G » AX F , BX P

,

CX F, DXP , NL

)

2 174 IF (BX*BXP) 90,110.80

2 1 75 ac PX=PXP

2 176 8 X = EXP

2177 TESTX=PX*DT

2178 IF ( TESTX-TESTMX ) 70,170,170

2179 90 IF (CL-DLX) 140,140,100

2 18C 10 0 DL=DL/2

.

2 181 GO TO 70

2182 c

2 183 1 1 0 IF (EX) 130,120,130

2 18 4 120 RXX=PX

2165 GO TO 150

2 18 6 c

2 187 13 0 R X X = PXP

2 1 fiP GO TC 150

2 1 89 c 2190 14 0 AE=AES ( EX/EXP)

219 1 RXX=(PX+AB*PXP)/( 1 .+AB)

2 19 2 150 N = N+ 1 219 3 RCCT (N) =fiXX

2194 IF ( N »GT . 1 )DPC= ( ROCT( N ) - ROOT (

- 1 ) ) /ZN

21 95 NRT = N

2 196 p X = RXX+DLX

2 197 TESTX=RXX*DT

2198 IF (TESTX-TESTMX) 160,160,1^0

2 199 160 IF (N.LT.NMAX) GO TO 60

22C0 170 CONT INUE

2 2 0 1 IF ( ROOT (NRT) -100. ) 190,160,180

2202 180 NRT=NRT

2203 190 DO 250 J J=l , NRT

2 20 4 PX=ROOT( J J

)

38d
2205 DO 200 J=1,NL

2206 CALL ABCD2 ( FX , K ( J ) , L ( J ) , G ( J ) , A ( J ) , B ( J ) , C ( J ) , D ( J ) , 1 ) 220'' 200 CAUL ABCCP2 < P X , K ( J ) , L ( J ) . & ( J ) , AP ( J ) , BP ( J ) , CP ( J ) , DP ( J ) ) 2208 CALL ABCC2 ( PX , K , L , G , A X , BX , CX , DX , NL

)

2209 IF (NL.LT.2) GO TO 2 10 2210 CALL DERVT ( A , B , C . D , AP , BP , C P , D P , APP , BPP ,CPP , DPP , NL

)

221 1 GC TO 220

22 12 2 10 APP = AP < 1 ) 221 3 BPP-eP ( 1 ) 2214 CPP=CP(1)

22 15 DPP=CP ( 1 ) 2216 220 PY=BFF* FX*PX*OT

2217 RA( 1 ,J J ) =DX/PY

2218 RA(2.JJ)=1. /PV

2219 RAO ,J J)=AX/FY

2220 PZ=PX*DT

2221 TF (PZ-20.) 240,240,230

2222 230 RX(JJ)=0,

2223 RY( JJ)=25.E16

2224 GG TC 250

2225 240 RX( JJ)=EXP(-PZ)

2226 PY ( J J ) = ( 1 .-EXP (PZ ) ) **2

2227 250 CQMINLE

2228 DO 260 JJ=1,IMRT

2229 DO 260 M=1,M3

2230 ZRl(M)=RA(r/',JJ)*RX(JJ)+ZRl(M)

2231 260 ZR2 ( M) =R A( M , J J ) * ( RX ( J J > *RX ( J J

) -2 .*RX ( J J ) ) +ZR2 ( M ) 2232 11=1

2233 111=2

2234 IF ( ZRl ( 2) .LT.O) ZR1(2)=0.

2235 DO 270 M=1,M3

2236 ZRK ( M, 1

) =Zfil ( V ) 2237 27C ZRK(M,2)=ZR2<M)

2238 NT=100

2239 DO 310 N=3,NT

2240 NR=N

2241 DC 2a0 ht-l,H3

2242 280 ZRK(M,N)=0.

2243 DO 290 W=l ,M3

224^^ DO 290 JJ=1,NRT

2245 IF ( RX( J J ) .LE .0 . )G0 TQ 288

2246 AFCWEP= ALCGl 0 ( RX ( J J ) ) 2247 NDERFL=ABS ( AFCWER*N

)

2248 IF ( NDERFL.LE .37 ) GO TO 285

2249 288 PZ=0.

2250 GO TO 290

2251 285 PZ= ( RX < J J ) ) **N

2252 290 ZRK( M, N) =ZRK ( M, N ) + PZ*RY( J J ) *RA <M , J J

)

2253 IF ( ZRK ( 1 , N- 1 )*ZRK( 1 ,N-2 ) ) 300, 320, 300

2254 3C0 IF (N.LT.5) GO TO 310

2255 TEST1 = ZRK( 1 ,N)/ZRK( 1 ,N-1 ) 225 6 TEST2=ZRK( 1 ,N-1 ) /ZRK( 1 ,N-2

)

225^ TEST3=AE£<TEST1-TEST2)

2258 IF ( TEST3-0 .001 ) 320,320,310

2259 310 CONTINUE

2260 320 DO 330 N=1,NR

2261 X( N) =ZRK( 1 ,N)

2262 Y( N)=ZRK (2,N)

39d
2 2 6 2 Ir(Y(N)«LT« — l«Oc — 0*^)V3U TO 25

2 2 6^ 3 3 0 Z(Nj — ZRK(3»N)

2 26 5 CR=TEST2

2 26 6 IF (X(^l) 35Ct340t3c0

2 26"' 3 4 0 C R = 0 • 2 2 6 8 3 5 0 CON T IN Ut

226 9 IF ( IS*E0*2) GO TO 480

227 C IF (IS«Nt>l) GO TC 500

2 27 I 3 6 0 IF (NL«EG.O) GO TO 420

2 2 7 2 GF = 2 *K G/SQ RT ( DT * A G*P I

)

2 27 3 IF <NR»LT»bO) CjU TO ^oO

2 2 75 Z J = J

2 27 6 3 7 0 AZ(J > = Gr*( SQRT ( ZJ y — ^-^S QRT ( ZJ— !• ) + SQR T( ZJ^ ) ) N R R = NR

2 276 C3 U TC 4 U 0

2 279 C

2 280 3 8 0 DO 3v0 J=NRtbO

22 61 Z(J+1J=Z(J)*CR

2 28 2 X( J+ 1 ) =X ( J ) * CP

2283 3 9 0 Y ( J+ 1 ) =Y ( J ) * CR

2 2 84 N R R = 5 0 4 C 0 DU 410 J— 1«NKH

2 2 8 6 4 10 r(J)=XCJ 1— YCJ)*T(J)/lZ(Jl+AZ(J ))

2 2 8 7 MR = NH R 2268 GO TO 440

2 269 c 229 0 4 2 C DO 430 J=l »NK

2 29 1 A "a 4 3 U r t J ) =A Z 1 J J 2 29 2 4 4 0 CON T I NU

C

229 3 C R 1 = 1 • 2 29* DO 4 60 J = 1 f 5

0

2 29 5 CR=r < J+ 1 ) /F \ J

)

2296 Tt STCR = AB S ( CR — C R 1 ) 229 7 IF ( TEST CR—0 #0 0 1 ) 470»470t450

2 29 4 5 0 C R 1=CR

2299 J J= J

230 0 4 6 0 CuNT INUE

230 1 4 7 0 NR = J 2302 C R = CR

2303 GO TO 500

2 30 4 C

2 30? 4 6 0 CQ^T INUr. 2306 DO 490 J— 1 » NR

230 F(J|=X(J »+Z(J 1— H» *T ( J 1 23 0 8 JJ= J-1

230 9 4 9 0 CONT IN UE

2 310 5 0 0 RETURN

2311 5 10 WRITc(C«t20#

2 3 12 52 0 rORMATt2'r thHDH Il\ sUcHOUl INt KEoHTK)

23 1 3 C

2 314 c 23 1 5 END

2316 2 FOR ( IS A27

2317 SuBRCLTINt RMRT (HEATGtHLCGfrEATX* HL CX « r-EAT IS» HLC ISt IW» IL»FCt ISC)

2318 C 2319 C

2320 c

40d
2321 C FC: CCFPECTICN FACTCRFOR Tt-E t-EAT LOST TO THF SURROUNDINGS

2322 C ISC:SHADING COEFFICIENT INDEX IF I SC= 0 EXTERNAL SHADING

2323 C CTFEPWISE INTERNAL SHADING

2324 DIMENSION HE ATG ( 2 ) , H LC G ( 2 ) , H EAT X ( 2 ) . HL CX ( 2 ) , HEAT IS( 2 ) , HLC IS( 2 ) 23 2 5 D I MENS ION A GO ( 3 ) , AG 1 ( 3 > , AXQ <3),AISt{4,3)tAIS2(4t3),Bl(3).AXl(3)

2326 DATA AGO /O . 1 8 7 , 0 . 1 9 7 , 0 . 22 4 / ,AG1 / -0 . 0 9 7 , - 0 . 0 6 , -0 . 04 4 /

2327 DATA Bl /- 0 . 9 1 , - 0 . 8 7

, - 0 . 82

/

2328 DATA AXO / 0 . f 7 6 , 0 . 6 8 1 •. G . 7 03 / . AX 1 /-O . 566 , -0 . 5 5 1 t -0. 523/

2329 DATA ( A I S 1 ( 1 , J ) , J = 1 , 3 ) /O . 5 3 , 0. 5 3 , 0 . 5 3

/

2330 DATA ( A I £2 ( 1 , J ) , J = 1 , 3 ) / -0 . 44 , -0 . 4 0

, -0 . 35/

2331 DATA ( A I S 1( 2 , J ) . J = I , 3 ) / 0. 5 9 , 0 . 59 , 0 . 59

/

2332 DATA ( A I S 2 ( 2 , J ) , J - 1 , 3 ) / -0 . 5 0, - 0 . 46 , - 0 . 4 1 /

2333 DATA ( A I S 1 ( 3 , J ) , J = 1 , 3 ) / 0 . 8 "7 , o . 8 7 , 0 , 87/

2334 DATA ( A I S 2 ( 3 . J ) , J= T , 3 ) /-O . 78 , - 0 . 74 , - 0 . 60

/

2335 DATA ( A I S 1 ( 4 . J ) , J = 1 , 3 ) / 0 . 5 0 , 0 .5 0 , 0 . 50

/

2336 DATA < A I S 2 ( 4 , J ) , J = 1 , 3 ) /-O . 4 1 , -0 . 37 , -0 . 3 2/

23 3 7 HLCG (2 ) = FC*( AGO( IW ) *HE AT G( 2 ) +AG1 ( TW ) *HEATG< 1 ) )-Bl ( I W) *HLCG( 1) 2338 HLCX(2)-FC*<AX0(I\A/)*HEATX(2)-t-AXl(IW)*HEATX(l))-Bl(IW)*HLCX(l)

2339 FLCIS(2)=FC*(AIS1(IL,IW» *HE AT IS(2) + AIS2(IL,IW)*HEATIS(1))-B1(IW)*H

2340 2LCI£(1)

2341 IF (ISC.EQ.O) RETURN

2342 HLCG(2)-FC*(AX0(IW )*HE ATG( 2 ) +AX 1 ( I W) *HE ATG( l))-ei(IW)*HLCG<l)

2343 RETURN

234^1 C 2345 END

2346 S)F CR , IS A28

234~ SLBRCOTINF RMTMK ( V , T I F , CL t T A , NE XP , NX , I TK

)

234R C

2350 C 2351 CC^MCN /CC/ X ( 1 0 , 1 0 0 ) , Y ( 1 0 , 1 00 ) , Z ( 1 0 , 1 0 0 ) , I T YPE ( 30 ) , I HT ( 30 )

,

2352 2 IRF(30),ABSP(30),U(30),H<30),HI{30),A(30),UT(30),TOS(30,48),

2353 3 TIS<30,4e).G( 30. 30), TOY ( 48 ) ,DB( 24) , QL I TX( 2 4, 3) .QEQUX (24.3) , 2 3«=4 4 QCCLP ( 24 ,3) .QOCPS <24 ) , OL ITE(24 ) ,QEQUP ( 24), 01(30), CR(30),NR(30),

2355 5 QGLAS(30,24), ITHST,UENDW,AZW(30),SHADE(30),RMDBS(24),RMDBW(24),

2356 6 SHC(30 ) .UCELNG

23 5'' DIf'ENSION AA(30,30),BB(30).TT(30),TIF(30),A2(30 ,30),B2(30),B3(30),

2358 2 GSUM( 30 ) , V( 15

)

2359 TS = V( 1 ) 2360 CFML=V(2)

2361 CFMS=V(3)

2362 RRC0M=V(4)

2363 RCELG=V(5)

2364 RRCCVL=V(12)

2365 TIM=V{e)

2366 QCMAX=V(7)

236"' QHMAX=V( 6 ) 2368 TUL=V(9)

2369 TLL=V(10)

2370 TSET=V(

\ ) 23^1 HR=V(13)

2372 MET=V( 1 4

)

2373 DBNX:=DB<NX )-TIM

23"'4 TU = TS-TIV

2375 NEXP2=NEXP+1

23^6 DO 10 1=1, NEXP

23''7 BB( I )=0 . 2378 B2< I )=0

4 Id
i

2379

2380

2281

2?8 2 2383

2384

2385

2386

2387

2388

2389

2390

2391

2 39 2 239 3

2 39 4 2395

2396

2 39 7 2398

2399

2400

2401

240 2 2403

2404

2405

2406

2407

2408

2409

241 0 2411

241 2 241 3 24 14

24 15

24 16

241^

24 1 8 24 19

2420

242 1 2422

2423

2^24

2425

2426

2427

242 8 2429

2430

243 1 2432

2433

2434

2435

2436

DO 1 0 J= 1 ,NEXP

A2 ( I , J )=0

.

10 AA(I,J)=0.

SHG=0

.

HSUM=0

.

A SUM = 0.

ASUMT = 0 . DO 70 I=1,NEXP

NRR=NR ( I ) SH-G=SHG + QGL AS( I , NX ) *A( I)

ASUMT=ASUMT+A(I)

GSUM < I ) =0

.

DO 20 J=1,NEXP

20 GSUM (I ) = GSUM( I )+G( I , J

)

IF ( 1TYPE( I ) .NE.3) ASU M= ASU M + A ( I ) IF (MET.NE.O) GSUM(I)=HR

HSUM=HSUM+ HI < I ) A ( I ) IR=IRF( I

)

CRX=CR { I

)

IF(UENDVv.NE.O..AND.ITYPE( I) .EQ.l )NRR=1

XTEMP=X( IR , 1 > YTEMF= Y ( IR , 1 ) ZTEMP=Z( IP , 1 ) IF (NRR.eE.2) GO TO 30

X< IR ,1 )=UT( I)

Y( IR , 1 )=UT( I ) CRX=0.

Z( IR , 1 ) =UT ( I ) 30 AA( I , I ) =X( IR , 1 )+HI ( I )+GSUM( I

)

DO 40 J=1,NEXP

IF (I .EQ. J) GC TC 40

AA( I , J ) = -G( I.J)

40 CONTINUE

AA< I ,NEXF2 ) = -HI ( I ) SUMY=Y( I R, 1 ) *TOS( 1,1)

SUMX=0

.

IF (NRR.LT.2) GC TO 60

DO 50 J=2.NRR

SUMY=:SUMY + Y( IR, J )*TOS{ I, J)

SUMX=SUMX+X(IR,J)*TIS(I,J)

CONT INUE

B3( I ) = SUNiY-Cf=X*Q I ( I ) -SUMX

AA<NEXP2,I )==A(I)*HI(I)

X( IR, 1 ) = XTEMP

Y( IR ,1 )=YTEMP

Z ( IR , 1 ) = ZTEMP

SHX= SHG/ ASUM

QL TEMP=QLI TE(NX)*( 1-RCELG)*RRC0ML+(Q0CPS(NX)+QEQUP(NX) ) *RROOM

QLX=QLTEMP/ASUMT

DO 90 1=1 ,NEXP

SHF- SHX

QLT=QLX

IF ( ITYPE( I) .E0.3.0R. ITYPE( I).EQ.7) SHF=0.

IF ( ITYPE( I ) .EQ .7 ) QLT = 0.

9C 8B ( I )=:B3 < I ) +SHF + QLT

AA( NEXP2 ,NEXP2 ) =-1. 08* (CFML + CFMS )-HSUM

JK=1

NEXP3=NEXF2+ 1

5 C 60

70

42 d

iil
2437

2438

2439

2440

244 1 2442

2443

2464

2445

2446

24 4 7 2448

2449

2450

245 1 2452

2 4 53

2454

2455

2456

2457

2458

2459

2460

2461

2462

2463

2464

2465

2466

2467

2468

2469

247 0 247 1 2472

2473

2474

2475

247 e 2477

2478

2479

2480

248 1 2482

2483

2484

2485

2466

2487

2488

246?

2490

249 1 2492

2493

2494

1 C C

1 1 0

120

1 2 1

C

I 30

140

C150

1 eo

170

c180

190

C2CC

2 1 0 220

C

230

C240

DC 100 1=1 ,NEXP2

DO 100 J=1,NEXP2

A2 < I , J ) = A A ( I , J ) SUM1 = < QOCPS ( NX ) +QEQUP( NX ) ) * < 1 . -f<ROOM ) SUf/2 = GLITE (NX) *( 1 .-RRCOML) *( 1 .-RCELG ) SUM3=0.

SUM= 1 . 08*( CFML*DBNX+CFMS*TU ) + SUM 1 + SUM

BB<NEXF2 )=-SUM

IF ( ITHST. NE .0 .AND. I TK .EQ.O ) GO TO 150

BB(NEXP2)=-SLM-SUM3

IF (MET. EQ.O) GO TO 130

SUM4=0.

SU^5=0.

DO 1 20 1=1 ,NEXP

SUM4 = SUM4+(H I( I )«A( I)*eB( I ) )/AA( 1,1)

SUM5 = SUM5+H I ( I ) *A( I ) * { H I ( I ) + HR ) / A A ( I , I

)

CONT INUE

TT(NEXP2)=(SUM4-BE(NEXP2))/(-AA(NEXP2.NEXP2)-SUM5)

DO 121 1 = 1 ,NEXP

TT(I)=((HI(I) + HR ) *TT(NEXP2 ) +BB( I ) ) /A A ( I , I ) GO TO 140

CONT INUE

CALL SOLVP (NEXP2.NEXP3,AA,BB,TT,30)

TA=TT( NEXP2 ) +T IM

IF ( ITHST. EO.O. AND. ITK.EQ. 1 ) GO TO 190

IF (JK.EQ.2) GO TO 190

GO TO 200

DC 160 1 = 1 ,NEXP2

B2( I )=BB (I )- AA( I ,NEXP2 )* (T A-TI M) IF (MET. EQ.O) GO TO 180

DO 170 I=1,NEXP

TT( 1 ) = ( ( HI ( I )+HR ) *( TA-TIM) +BB < I ) ) / AA ( I , I

)

CONTINUE

GO TO 190

CONT INUE

CALL SOLVP ( NEXP ,NEXP2 , A2, 82 ,TT , 30

)

CONT INUE

QL = SUM-1 . 08* (CFI^'L + CFMS ) *(T A-T IM ) GC TO 240

IF (TA-TUL) 210,220,220

IF (TA-TLL) 230,230,190

T A=TUL

GO TO 150

TA=TLL

GC TO 150

SUMO=0

DC 250 1=1. NEXP

K=IRF( I

)

XK1=X(K, 1

)

TI S( 1,1) =TT( I ) TEST= ABS(TT( 1) ) IF ( TEST .GT . 100 . ) GO TO 310

43d
249 5 IF(K •FQ.'IO)X(K< 1 )=UT( T > 24 96

249"* IF (ITYPF(I).Fn.7) OI(I)=n.

249 8 IF i UEND Vw.NJF.G^ •AND«TTYPF( T 1 .FQ- 1 ) OT( 1 > = UTI 1 l*(TTf 1 1— Tn l .11 ) 249 c 250 0 IF <TTYPF(I).F0.7) TIF/Il=Ta

2 501 OVJI'iVj*~-JvJ(1^j~r^\ 9lJWO = SUMC+Af Ti*Hff X r ~ " X \ II*fTA X M ^ \ IM —T1 Tir^\&|j F f T 1 1 2 5 0 2 2 50 3 d mN T T Ml J F

2 5 04 >* ^ — ^ \J L —} Vi/ I'l vjr 2 5 0 5 IF ( 1 Th*i T . NE . 0 . flR . T TK . NiF . 0 ) GO TD 300

2506 IF ( JK • EQ • 2 ) GC TC 300

250 7 IF ( OL ) 2ftC.300.?80

2 5 0 P 26 0 QLTEST=AES (QL)

25 09 IF ( QL T E ST-QCMAX ) 300» 300»2'7C

25 10 2 7 0 «J %-/ i"i —1 v« \_ 1^ /\ 2 5 11 J K = 2

2 512 fir T n 1 1 o

2 513

2 5 14 p g 0 IF f CI — O HM AX) ^Cr.TDn.PQfl

2 5 15 2 9 0 •J V,* l"l -J Vj( I 1 I'l /\ 25 16 JK = 2 2517 (in T n 1 1 o

2 518 (2 2 5 19 3 0 0 RETURN

2 5 2 0

2 5 2 1 3 10

2 5 2 2 WR ITF <f^.l^O)

252 3 DO 320 1=1 »NEXP2

2 5 2 4 32 0 WRITE (6»340) (A2(I«J)«J = 1« NEXP2 ) « B2 (I)»TT(I)

2 5 2 5 RETURN

252 6

2 5

2"* 2 5 2 8 3 3 0 FORMAT < IfjQH FRRPR IN THF RMTMK RnUTINF * MATRIX Fl FMFNITS ARF 1 T^TF

25 2 9 pn IM ThF FniinwiN'f; PRDF R* AAII. 11. I— I.NFXPP-RITI.TITI)

2 53 0 3 4 0 FORMAT ( 1 2F 1 0 • 3

)

2 53 1 r

2 5 3 2 E ND

^ ^ o o P n D - 2534 JS IJvJ RLJ RHIJ rv w V_> T1 TJlliI KF— RTHMX ' ^ I.— V 1 1 1 AN Ivilli N F /\r X P . N S • N W • NN • NF1"'— •9 H• 1 )w 5 c; -3 K

2 5 36

2 5 3

"7 Q

25 3 8 25 3 9 CDMMfiM V, LJ 1*1 1"' UJ (N jc^Vn—c X/ /\X (\ A\J>1V^W in.inn)/ • T iV in.inn> IVJf ; •• 7^ (\ }X o.ioo). Kf t L \J f TTYPFf'^Oi 1 l I~C^\JVy / .THTf ^ilil \ J^o)« \J t 9 2540

25 41

2 54 2 4 one LP (P4.3) .OQCP'=(?4) .CI ITF(?A.) .QFOUP(?4).CI(3n).CR<30).NR(30).

254 3 5 QGLAS(30,24 )» ITHST,UENDW»AZW( 30 ) »SHADE( 30 ) »RMDBS< 24) »RMDBW( 24 ) < 2 5 44 6 SHD(30) tUCEl.NG

25 45 RFAI 1 •FSf6.6»

2546

2 5

4"' (2 c 4 p V_ O cr /, c 2550 c * * * 255 1 c * *****************

2552 c * * SOUTH FACING *

44d
2553 C (W)* * WALL *(H)

2554 C * * * 2555 C

2556 c (L ) 255-^ c 2558 c 2559 c NS = NUMBER OF HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES IN THE SOUTH WALL

2560 c NW = NUMBER OF HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES IN THE WEST WALL

2561 c NN = NUMBER OF HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES IN THE NORTH WALL

2562 c NE = NUMBER OF HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES IN THE EAST WALL

2563 c NEXP = TOTAL NUMBER OF HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES = 2+NS+NW+NN+ NE

2564 WR ITE ( 6 , 50 ) 2565 READ (5,110) NNEXP

2566 NS=NNEXP ( 1 ) 256"' NW=NNEXP ( 2

)

2568 NN=NNEXP (3)

2569 NE = NNE XP ( 4

)

2570 NEXP=2+NS+NW+NN+NE

2571 c L = RCOM LENGTH ALONG THE SOUTH WALL

2572 c W = ROOM WIDTH ALONG THE WEST WALL

2573 c H = ROOM CEILING HEIGHT

2574 READ (5,110) L.W.H

2575 CALL FCTR (L.W.H.FS)

2576 NS=NS+

2577 NW=NS+NW

2578 NN=NW+NN

2579 NE=NE+NN

2580 AS=L>CH

2581 AW=W*H

2582 AN= AS

2583 AE=AW

2584 AR=L*W

2585 AF= AR

2586 WRITE (6,60)

2587 DC 10 1=1, NEXP

2588 c READ FOLLOWING DATA IN THE ORDER OF CEILING, SOUTH WALL, WEST

2589 c WALL, NOPTH WALL, EAST WALL, FLOOR.

2590 READ (5,110) ITYPE( I ), IRF( I ) ,A( I ) , AZW( I ) ,U( I ) ,SHADE{ I ) , ABSP( I

)

2591 2(1)

2592 c READ SHADOW INFORMATION

2593 READ (5,110) ( SH ADW ( I , J ) , J= 1 ,7

)

2594 READ (5,110) ( SHADW( I , J) , J=8,l 5)

2595 1 0 CONTINUE

2596 DO 20 1=1 ,NEXP

2597 IF ( I .EQ «l ) M= 1 2598 IF ( I ,GT . 1 .AND . I .LE .NS ) M=2

2599 IF ( I .GT .NS. AND. I .LE .NW) M=3

2600 IF ( I.GT .NW.AND. I .LE .NN) M=

2601 IF ( I.GT .NN. AND. I . LE .NE ) M=

2602 IF ( I .EQ .NEXP ) M = 6

2603 DO 20 J=1,NEXP

2604 IF (J.EQ.l) G( I , J)=FS( M, 1

)

2605 IF ( J .GT . 1 .AND. J .LE .NS ) G ( I , J ) =F S ( M , 2 ) * A ( J ) / A

S

2606 IF ( J. GT .NS. AND. J.LE.NW ) G ( I , J ) = FS ( M , 3 ) * A ( J ) / AW

2607 IF ( J.GT.NW.AND.J.LE .NN) G ( 1 , J ) =FS ( M , 4 ) * A ( J ) / A

2608 IF (J.GT.NN.AND.J.LE.NE) G ( I , J ) = FS ( M , 5 ) * A ( J ) / AE

2609 IF (J.EQ.NEXP) G(I , J)=FS(M,6)

2610 20 CONT INUE

45d
261 1 RETURN

2612 C

261 3 C **********************

26 1 4 C

26 15 ENTRY RMOUT

2616 C 26 1 f C **********************

2618 C

2619 WRITE (6,70) NEXP,NNEXP,L,W ,H

2620 WRITE (6.80)

262 1 00 30 1=1,6

2622 WRITE (6,100) <FS( I, J) ,J=1 ,6 ) 2623 30 CONTINUE

2624 WR ITE (6 ,90 ) 2625 DO 40 I=1,NEXP

2626 WRITE (6,100) ( G( I , J ) , J= 1 ,NEXP

)

2627 40 CONT INUE

2628 RE TURN

2629 C 263 0 C

263 1 50 FORMAT (3eH DATA SHEET NO 10: NS ,N W , NN , NE , L , W , H ) 2632 60 FORMAT <68H DATA SHEET 11 AND 12: ROOM SURFACE DATA AND EXTERIOR S 2633 2URFACE SHADOW)

2634 70 FORMAT ( ///5X24HTHIS ROOM HAS A TOTAL OFI3,23H FEAT TRANSFER SURFA

2635 2CES//15X15HS0UTH WALL HAS 13, 9H SURF AC E S// 1 5X 1 5 HWE ST WALL HAS 13,

2636 39H SURFACES//15X15hN0RTH WALL HAS 13, 9H SURF AC E S// 1 5X 1 5HEA ST WALL

263^ 4 HAS 13, 9H SURFACES//5X30HRCOM LENGTH ALONG SOUTH WALL =F7.2//5X30

2638 5HRC0M WIDTH ALONG WEST WALL =F 7, 2//5X 30HROOM CEILING HEIGHT

2639 6 =F7,2//)

2640 80 FORMAT (24H1 BASIC SHAPE FACTORS//)

26 4 1 90 FORMAT <////31H RADIATION EXCHANGE FACTORS//)

2642 100 FORMAT (20F6.3)

2643 1 10 FORMAT ( ) 2 64 4 c 2645 END

2646 aFCR, IS A 30

2647 SUBROUTINE SHADOW ( SHD X , PH I , COS Z , SHR AT

)

2648

2649 c  :«** **********************************************************

2650 c 265 1 DIMENSION SHDX(20)

2652 FL=ShDX( 1

2653 HT=SHDX(2)

2654 FP=SHDX( 3)

2655 AW^SHDX ( 4

)

2656 8WL=SHDX<5)

26 57 BWR= SHDX( 6 ) 2658 D=SHCX(7 ) 2659 FP1=£HDX(8)

2660 A1=SH0X<9)

2661 Bl =SHOX( 10)

2662 C 1=SHDX( 1 1

)

2663 FP2=SHDX( 12)

2664 A2=SH0X(13)

2665 B2=SHDX< 14)

2666 C2=SHDX { 15

)

2667 WAZI =SHDX( 16

)

2668 c THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES SHADOW CAST BY OVERHANG AND SIDE FINS

46d
26 6 "5 26 7 0 Q PHI....Sni AR A2TMIJTH AMr;i F

£C ^O 7 1 ' 1 Q

Q *^HRAT« . SHADF K ATTP'RAT IP PF THF *^IJMI TT APFA TP THF TPTAl WTMPPjJ AR

267 3 26 74 FL • . . . . Vv I N CO W W I CT (- 2675 FP.. ...DEP TH OF THE GV ERHU NG

267 6 A W • • • • • C I ST A NT E FPfll*/ TOP OF THF KulMDnW TTl THF nv/FRHUMT,

26"* 7 RWI . . • . D I ST A N CE OF THE nVFRt-UNf; FXTFNDFD BFYrND THF 1 FFT FDGF OF T 2678 Bl*R....OISTANCF I—' W nv • • • • X O I 1 T \^ L- OF1 THF till— D\_J VFVI RHIlNf^ r\ I I \J 1 N \_7 FXTF^slnFn L- /\ I 1 1 'I L \J RFYnND LJ l_. 1 LJ IN THF 1 i [ RITtHT r> X V3 T i ' FPiPF L_ v, L. OFwi 26 7 c D..«.. .DEPTH OF VERTICAL PROJECTION AT THE END OF THE OVERHUNG

2 68 0 FPl....nFP 1 1 • • • • L-* 1 1 THIII nFLJ 1 THF til 1 IFFT I 1 1 1 FIN 1 X IN 26 8 1 Alr^l • . • . . C IX-JI ST A NC1 T v.- ELw QFW 1 THF IIII— 11 EFT 1— 1 1 FtN 1 XiN FXTENDFO (— /Nil iNL^l— L AROVF r-\ U LJ V L THF IIII TOP 1 LJ i OFLJ' THF 1 1 1 L - WIND ff 1 I L/ 2 68 2 RILJ X •••••DTSTA • • • # • L> X .JJ I KC1 \ \_ Fl_ FRHM 1 It. LJ l"l THE 11 I— IFFT \ i 1 EDGE I l> VJ 1 HFl-J 1 THF 1 I C WINDOW X ' " LJ LJ " TO1 LJ THF I 1 1 l_ IFFT l_ 1 1 FIN I 114 2 6 83 CI •.•••DISTANCE OF THF 1 FFT FTN STOP SHHRT AROVF THF ROTTnW nF THF

26 84 FPP....DFPTH 1 "Cwww^L^I— ~ III flF LJ 1 THF < 1 L- RTG r\ X Vj HT(11 FTN I X tN 26 8 5 c A 2 • • • • • D I ST A NCE CF THE RIGHT FIN EXTENDED ABOVE THE TOP OF THE WIN

2 68 6 c B2 . . . . . D I STA KC E FROM THE RIGHT EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE RIGHT FIN

2687 c C2 . . • .D ISTANCE OF THE RIGHT FIN STOP SHORT ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF TH

2688 W A Z I . . . W I NOOW AZIWUTH ANGLE

2 6 8 9 SHRA T= 1

269 0 A = A W 269 1 H =H T 259 2 GAMMA=PHI — WAZI

2 6 93 CC£G=COS (GAMMA)

269 4 IF tCOSG) 10.10.20

2 69 5 1 0 SHR AT=0 « 2696 GO TC 9 10

269 c 269 8 2 0 CONT INUE

2 69 9 SBETA=CCSZ

27 0 0 IF (SBETA) 10»10t30

27 01 3 0 S I NG = S T N < G A M M A ) 2702 VER T= SBE TA/SQRT ( 1 . — SBETA*SBETA )/COSG

27 0 3 HOfil Z=AES ( SI NG ) /COSG

27 04 TCFTA = VE F<T/HrRI Z 270 5 IF (GAMMA) 50.40.40

2 70 6 27 0 7 4 C B = B \»L 27 08 GOVJ » ) TOI LJ fiO LJ \J 2 7 C 9 (; SUN ON R I Gt-T 27 1 C 5 0 B = BWR

2 711 60 AR S HF= 0 • 27 12 AR EA V=0 • 2713 AR S I F=0 • ; 7 1 4 AREA r = 0

rA TV 1 , r-\ L_. — VJ • 27 1 5 AREA 1 = 0

2716 ARSH1=0.

2717 FL 3= 0

2 718 H3= 0 • 2719 H 1 =H

27 2 0 FL 1 = FL

272 1 K= 1 2 72 2 L= 1 P7 9 T 1 =F P * VF K T 2724 FMl=FP*hCRIZ

2725 IF (FP) 430,430,70

27 26 70 T = T1

47d
272^ FM=FM1

2728 AB=E*TCETA

2729 UG=(FL+B) *TCETA

2730 DE=( H+A )/TCETA

2731 C HCRIZCNTAL OVERI-UNG AREAO

2732 IF (T-A) 330 ,33C,80

2733 80 IF (AB-A) 200,200,90

2734 90 IF (DE-B) 180,180,100

2735 100 IF (FM-B) 1-'C,170,110

2736 110 IF (DE-(FL+B)) 140,140,120

2737 120 IF (FM-<FL+B)) 150,130,130

2738 C HORIZ 9

2739 130 AREAC=FL*( 0 . 5*( AB+UG) -A

)

2740 GC TC 430

274 1 C 2742 140 IF (T-(H+A)) 150,160,160

2743 C HCRIZ 7 2744 15C AREAC=( T-A)*FL-( (FM-B) **2)*TCETA*0.5

2745 L=2

2746 GO TO 27C

2747 C HORIZ 8 2748 160 AREAO=H*FL-( DE-B )**2*TCETA*0 .5 2749 GO TO 430

2750 C HORIZ 3 2751 17C AREAO=FL*( T-A)

2752 L=2

2753 GO TO 300

2754 C

2755 180 IF (T-(H+A)) 170,190,190

2756 C HORIZ 2 275-' 190 AREAO = H*FL

2758 GO TO 900

2759 C 2760 200 IF (UG-A) 330,330,210

2761 210 IF (DE-<FL+B)) 240,240,220

2762 220 IF (FM-(FL+B)) 260,230,230

2763 C HORIZ 6

2764 230 AREA0={UG-A)*«2/TCETA*0.5

2765 GO TO 430

2766 C

276"' 240 IF (T-(H+A)) 260 ,250,250

276e C HORIZ 5 2769 250 AREAO=H+(FL- { A+0 .5*H )/TCETA+B)

2770 GC TC 430

277 1 C HORIZ 4 2^72 260 AREAC=(T-A)*(FL+B-FM*( l.+A/T)*0.5)

2773 L=2

2774 C VERT PROJ AREAV

2775 270 FL3=FL+B-FM

2776 IF (T+D-(H+A)) 280,280,290

27"'^ C VERT 8 277S 280 H3=D

277P GC TC 420

2780 C VERT 9 2781 290 H3=H+A-T

2782 GO TO 420

2783 C 2784 300 FL3=FU

48d
2785 IF (T+D-(H+A)) 320,320,310

2786 C VERT 7 2787 310 H3=H+A-T

2788 AREAV=H3*FL3

2789 GO TO 900

2790 C VERT 6

2791 320 H3=D

2792 GO TO 420

2793 C 2794 330 IF (T+D-A) 430,430,340

a-'gS 340 IF (FM-B) 39C, 390,350

2796 350 IF (FM-(FL+B)) 360. 430, 430

2797 360 FL3=FL+e-FM

2798 IF (T+D-(H+A)) 380,380,370

2799 C VERT 5 , 2800 3"'0 H3 = H 2801 GO TO 420

2802 C VERT 4 2803 3e0 H3=T+D-A

2804 GO TC 420

2805 C

2806 390 IF <T+D-(H+A)) 410,400,400

2807 C -VERT 2 2808 400 AREAV=H*FL

2809 GO TO 900

2810 C VERT 3

2811 410 H3=T+D-A

2812 FL3=FL

2813 420 AREAV=FL3*H3

2614 C SIDE FIN AND SHORT SIDE FIN

2815 C ^SIOE FIN AREAl ARSIF

2816 430 IF (GAMMA) 450,9CC,440

2817 440 FPF=FP1

2818 AF=A1

2819 BF=B1

2820 CX=C1

2821 GO TO 460

2822 C 2823 450 FFF=FP2

2824 AF=A2

2825 BF=B2

2826 CX=C2

2827 460 IF (FPF) 900,900.470

2828 470 T=FPF*VEPT

2829 FM=FPF*hCRI2

2830 AF1=AF

2831 IF (AREAO) 530*530,480

2832 C TEST FOR CVERLAP OF FIN AND OVERHUNG SHADOW

2833 480 AT=A+( BF-B ) *TCETA

2834 IF (AT-AF) 490,530,530

2835 C OVERLAP EXISTS..L=2 IF OVERHUNG SHADOW HAS HORIZ EDGE IN WIN

2836 490 GO TO (510,500), L 2837 C TEST FOR TYPE OF OVERLAP

2838 500 IF ( ( FM-BF ) - ( F M 1 -B ) ) 510,520,520

2839 C SET L=l, SHADOW INTERSECT ON INCLINED EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW

2840 C FIN SHADOW IS BELOW INCLINED EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW

2841 510 AF=AT

2842 L=l

49d
2843 GO TC 530

2644 C L IS 2, HORIZ EDGE OF OVERHUNG SHADOW-PORTION ABOVE HORIZ E 2845 C NOT IN CVERt-UNG SHADOW IS FIN SHADOW

284e 520 AREA 1=FL*( T

1 -A ) -AREAO

284-' C RESET TO CALC FIN SHADOW BELOW HORIZ EDGE OF OVHNG SHADOW

2648 AF=T1-A+AF1

2849 H=H+AF1-AF

2850 C SHADOW OF FIN (K=l ON GLASS K=2 ON VERT PRQJ SHADOW)

2851 530 AB=BF*TCETA

2852 UG=< FL+EF ) *TCETA

2853 DE=(H+AF)/TCETA

2854 DJ=CX/TCETA

2855 IF (FM-EF) 800.800,540

2656 540 IF (AB-AF) 550,660,660

2857 550 IF (UG-AF) 620,630,560

2658 560 IF (T-AF) 640,640,570

2859 5"'0 IF (UG-(H + AF)) eCC,600,580

2860 580 IF (T-<H+AF)) 620,590,590

2661 C FIN 9

2862 590 AREA1=H*( ( AF+H*0.5)/TCETA-BF)+AREAl

2863 GC TO 730

2864 C

2865 6C0 IF (FM-(FL+BF)) 620,610,610

2866 C FIN8

2867 610 AREA1=H*FL-(UG-AF)**2/TCETA*0.5+AREA1

2868 GO TO 730

2869 C FIN 7 2P"'0 620 AREAl =( FM-BF )*H-( T-AF) **2/TCET A*0 .5+APEAl

28''1 GO TO 770

2872 C 2873 630 IF (FM-(FL+8F)) 640,640,650

2874 C FIN 3 2675 640 AREA 1=H* ( FM-EF ) +AREA1

2e"'6 GO TO 770

2877 C FIN 2 287P 650 AREA1=H*FL+AREA1

2879 GO TO 730

2880 C 2861 660 IF (DE-BF) SCO, 800, 670

2862 670 IF <UG-(H+AF)) 710,710,680

2863 680 IF (T-(H+AF)) 700,690,690

2684 C FIN 6 2865 690 AREA1= (CE-BF )**2*TCETA*0 .5 + AREAl

2886 GC TC 730

2«a7 c FIN 4 2888 AREA1 = ( FM-BF )*( H + AF-(T+AB) *0.5) +AREA

2889 GO TO 770

2890 C 2891 710 IF (FM-(FL+BF)) 700,720,720

269? C FIN 5 2893 72C AREA 1 = FL*( H- ( eF + FL*0 .5 ) *TCETA+ AF ) +AREA1

2894 C SHORT SIDE FIN ARSH1,ARSHF

2695 730 IF (DJ-BF) 800,800,740

2696 7iS0 IF (DJ-(FL+BF)) 760.760,750

2897 c SHORT 3 2898 750 AR SH 1 = -FL* ( CX- ( BF+FL/2 . ) *TCETA)

2899 GO TO 800

2900 C SHORT 4

50d
290 1 760 ARSH1=-(CX-AE) **2/TCETA*0.5

2902 60 TO 800

2903 C 2904 "7'70 IF (DJ-EF) 800.800,780

2905 780 IF (DJ-FM) 760,760,790

2906 C SHORT 2 2907 790 ARSHl=-( FM-BF)* (CX-(T+ AB)*0 .5)

2908 800 GO TO (820,810), K 2909 C 29 1 0 8 10 ARSH 1=-ARSH1

291 1 AREA 1 = -AREA

291 2 820 ARSHF=ARSHF+ARSH1

291 3 ARSIF=ARSIF+AREA1

2914 GC TC (830,900), K 291 5 C

29 16 830 IF (AREAV) 900,900,840

291 7 C RESET PARAMETERS TO DEDUCT FIN SHADOW OVERLAP ON VERT PROJ

29 18 840 K=2

291 9 AREA1=0.

2920 ARSH1=0.

2921 eBF=BF

2922 BF=FM1-B+BF

29 23 IF (BF) 850,860,860

2924 850 BF=BBF

292E 860 IF (HT+A-Tl-D) 89C,890,870

2926 870 CX=CX-<HT+A-T1-D)

2927 IF (CX) 880,890,890

2928 880 CX= 0 . 2929 890 AF=T1-A+AF

293 0 H=H3

2931 FL=FL3

2932 GO TC 530

2933 C SHADED AREA ARSHA

2934 900 ARSHA = ARE AO+ AREAV + ARSHF + ARS IF 2935 SHRAT=( FL1*H1 -ARSHA )/( FLl *H1

)

2936 FL=FL1

2937 9 1 0 CONT INUE

2938 RE TURN

2939 C 2940 END

294 1 aFCR, IS A31

2942 SLBROtTINE SHG ( SH

)

294 3 C

2 94 4 c 2945 c 2946 DIMENSION SH<20)

2947 c SH< 1 )=INTENS ITY OF DIRECT NCRMAL SOLAR RADIATION

2948 c SH( 2 )=INTENS ITY OF DIFFUSE SKY RADIATION

2949 c SH(3 )=INTENS ITY CF GROUND REFLECTED DIFFUSE RADIATION

2950 c SH(4)=COSlNE OF INCIDENCE OF DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION

2951 c SH(5)=F0RM FACTOR BETWEEN THE WINDOW AND THE SKY

2952 c SH(6)=FCRM FACTOR BETWEEN T l-E WINDOW AND THE GROUND

2953 c SH( 7 )=THERMAL RESISTANCE AT OUTSIDE SURFACE

2954 c SH (8 )=THERMAL RESISTANCE AT THE AIR SPACE (DOUBLE GLAZING)

2955 c SH( 9 )=THERMAL RESISTANCE AT THE INNER SURFACE

2956 c SH( 10)=SUNLIT AREA FACTOR

2957 c SH( I I ) = SHAOINC COEFFICIENT , NON-ZERO VALUE WILL BE GIVEN ONLY

2958 c WJ-EN THE WINDOW IS SHADED BY DRAPES OR BLINDS OR IF IT HAS

5 Id
29 59

2960

296 1 2962

29ft3

2964

29 6 5 296 6 2967

2968

2969

29 7 0 297 1 2972

2973

2974

297 5 2976

2977

2978

2979

2980

2981

2982

2983

2984

29 8 5 2986

29 8 7 298 8

29 8 9 2990

2991

2992

2993

2994

2995

2996

2997

2998

2999

200 0 300 1 3002

300 3 3004

30 0 5 3006

3007

3008

3C09

30 10

301 1 30 12

3013

3014

30 1 5 301 6

AN IlslTEfiPANE

SH(12)=TRANSMISSICN

SH(13)=TRANSMISSIGN

SEPARAT ION

FACTOR FOR

FACTOR FOR

OF MORE THAN 1-INCH

DIRECT RADIATION

DIFFUSE RADIATION

SH(14)=ABS0RPTICN

SH( 15)=ABSORPTI0N

SH(1 6)=AES0RFT ICN

SH( 17)=ABSORFTION

SH(ie)=SCLAR HEAT

DIRECT RADIATION (OUTER

DIRECT RADIATION (INNER

DIFFUSE RADIAT ION( OUTER

DIFFUSE RADIATION( INNER

PANE ) PANE ) PANE)

PANE )

10

C

2 0 30

CaFCR

c

c

cc

c

c

FACTOR FOR

FACTOR FOR

FACTOR FOR

FACTOR FOR

GA IN COMMON /SOL/ LAT,LCNG»TZN.WAZ,WT,CN,OST,LPYR,S{ 35)

REAL LAT ,LONG,NI ,N0

NI = (SH(7)+SH(8))/(SH(7) + SH( 8)+SH(9)

)

NO=( SH (7) ) /( SH(7) +SH(8 )+SH(9)

)

D=S»-( 1 0 ) *SH( I ) *SH(4 ) *( SH( 1 2) +NO*SH( 14)+NI*SH(15))

DD=( SH( 2 )*SH( 5) +SH( 3 )*SH( 6) ) *( SH ( 1 3) +N0*SH( 16) + NI*SH{17))

IF ( SH( 1 1 ) ) 20 , 10 , 20

SH( ie)=D+0D

GO TO 30

SH( 1 8) = ( D+DD ) *SH( 11)

RETURN

1 0

20

30

4 0

50

60

70

CaFOR

cc

c

END

IS A32

SUBROUTINE SOLVP ( M , N , C , D f X , I

)

4* **************** 4 ********«***«***5>j!c****** *************** A***

THIS IS A ROUTINE FCR SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS

THE ROUTINE WAS DEVELOPED BY B.A, PEAVY OF NBS

ROUTINE FAILS WHEN ANY OF THE DIAGONAL ELEMENTS IS ZERO

DIMENSION A(100,101),C( I,1).D(1),X(1)

DO 10 IX=1,M

DC 1 0 IY=1 ,M

A( IX ,IY )=C{ IX, lY ) DO 20 I Z = 1 ,M

A( IZ ,N ) = D( IZ ) L= 1 AA=A(L,L)

DO 40 K=L,N

A( L,K)=A(L,K)/AA

DO 60 K= 1 .

IF (K.EG.L) GO TO 60

AA=-A(K,L)

DO 50 IA=L.N

A(K,IA) = A(K. IA) + AA*A(L,IA)

CONTINUE

L = L+1

IF (L.LE.MX GC TC 30

DO 70 I P=l ,M

X( IP ) = A( IP , N ) RETURN

END

,IS A33

SUBROUTINE SUN ******************************************************************

52 d
301"' DIMENSION A0(5) / • 30 2t — • 00 0 2 t 368 • 4 4 t • 1 7 t 7 » 0 . 090 5/ t 3 010 2 A 1< 5) /— 2 2 • 93 • • 4 1 "57 . 24 • . - . 0 "=14 4 . — . 04 1 n y

3 019 3 A2<5) /— . 229 • — 3 . ? 265 . - 1 . 1 4 . . O O"^ ? . . on7 "? / . 3020 4 A3( 5) /— . 24 3 . — • 0503 . — 1 . OQ . . OO? 4 . . on 1 «=> . 302 I a Bl(5) /3 • 85 1 • — 7 • 'S 1 . . =8. — . 0 04 ^ . nn 34 / .RPf^) /-OOP.-

5022 6 0««0* 0004/ •B3(5) / — . 05 . — .Saf- 1 • .Pfl • — - OOOfl . — . OOOft/'

3023 REAL L A T tL ATD t LONG » MER I D tLQ NO

3024 COMMON /SOL/ L AT • LON G . T7 N . W A Z . W Y • CN . DST . 1 PYR.<;f "=5 1 2025 c S( 1

) = LATI TUDE »DEGREES( +NORTH» -SOUTH

)

302 6 c S { 2 ) = LO KG IT DDE .DEGREES<+WE«;T.-FA«?T1

2027 c Sf3)= TIME ZCNE NUMBER

20 2 8 c STANDARD TIME DAYI I GHT 'HAVING T I MF

202*3 c ATLANTIC 4 3 2030 c EASTERN 5 4 203 1 c CENTRAL 6 5 2032 c MCLNTAIN 7 6

3033 c PACIFIC 8 7

3034 c S(4)= DAYS(FROM START OF YEAR)

3035 c S(5)= TIME. HOUR AFTER MIDNIGHT)

3026 c S(6)= DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME INDICATOR

2037 c S(7)= GROUND REFLECTIVITY

20 38 c S(8)= CLEARNESS NUMBER

3039 c S(9)= WALL AZIMUTh ANGLEt DEGREES FROM SOUTH

3040 c S(10)=WALL TILT ANGLEt DEGREES FROM HORIZON

204 1 c S(11)=SUN RISE TIME (HOURS AFTER MIDNIGHT)

3 04 2 c S( 12)=SUN SET TIME

204 3 c S(13)=C0SZ DIRECTION COSINES

3044 c S(14)=CCSN DIRECTION COSINES

2045 c S(15) = COS(S) DIRECTION COSINES)

3046 c S(16)=ALPHA DIRECTION COSINES NORMAL TO SURFACE

304 7 c S( 1,7 )=BFTA

3048 c S ( 1 8 ) = GAMMA

3049 c S < 1 9 ) = COS < ET A ) COS I NE OF INCIDENCE ANGLE

30 50 c S(20)=SOLAR ALTITUDE ANGLE

3 0 51 c S(21)=3CLAR AZIMUTH ANGLE

305? S ( 22 )=D I FF U SE SKY RADIATION ON HCRIZONTAL SURFACE

20 5 3 Q S ( ? ) = D T F F US E GRCUND REFI ECTED RADIATION

20 5 4 c S(24)=DIRECT NORMAL RADIATION

3055 S(25)=TDTAL SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY

30 56 c S( 26 ) =D I FF U SE SKY RADIATION INTENSITY

305"^ c S(27)=GR0UND REFLECTED DIFFUSE RADIATION INTENSITY

2058 c S(28)=SUN DECLINATION ANGLE » DEGREES

3059 c S( 29 )=EQ LA TI CN OF TIME tHOURS

30 6 0 S(30)=A SOLAR FACTOR

20 61 S(31)= SCLAR FACTOR

2062 c S<32)= SOLAR FACTOR

206 3 c S(23)= CLOUD COVER MODIFIER

306 4 c S(34) INTENSITY OF DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION ON SURFACE

206 5 c S(35) HOUR ANGLEtDEGREE

306 6 P I =3 .14 1 5927

2067 X=2*PI/366«*S< 4)

3068 C 1 =COS ( X

)

3069 C2 = C0S ( ?*X ) 2070 C3 = C CS < 3*X

)

307 1 2072 S2=SIN(2*X)

2073 S3 = SI N< 3*X)

3074 DO 10 K=l,5

53d
3 07^

3076 1 0

3 07 7 3078

30 7<3 2080

3081

308 2 308 3 20f 4 2085

308 6 308 7 20 8 8 20 89

3 09 0 309 1 2092

3 09 3 309 4 209 5 20 9 6 2 0 209 7 2098

3 09 9

3 10 0

3 10 1 3 0

3 10 2 210 3 C 210 4 4 C 3 10 5 5 0 3106

2 107 6 C 3108

310 9 C 3110 7 0 3111 8 0 3112

2113

2 114

2115

3 116

311"'

2 118

3119

312 0

2 12 1 212 2

2 12 3

3 124

312 5 212 6 9 0 3 1 2

"^ 1 n ri 1 u u 212 8 1 1 Li 3 129

313 0 12 0 3131

3132

KS=(K-1 )+28

S(KS)=A0(K)+A1(K)*C1+A2(K)*C2+A3{K) *C3+B 1(K)*S1+B2{K)*S2+B3(K)*S3

S( 29 ) = S( 29) /60.

L ATD = S< 1 ) LCNG=S(2)

MER I D= 1 5*S( 3

)

LOND=LONG-MER I

Y=S( 28 ) *PI /I 80

.

YY=LATD*PI/180.

HP=-TAN(Y) *TAN(YY)

TR=1 2/PI *ACOS( HP)

S(11)=(12-TR)-S(29 )+LOND/ 1 5

.

S( 12) =2/1. -S( 11 ) H=15*<S(5)-12+S(3)+S(29)-S(6))-S(2)

S( 35 )=H

S13 = SIN(YY)*SIN(Y)+C0S(YY ) *COS ( Y ) *COS( H*PI/1 80 . ) S ( 13 >=S13

HP1=180.*AC0S( HP)/Pl

XI =AeS(HFl

)

X2=ABS( H

)

IF <X1-X2) I30,20f20

S(14)=CCS(Y)*SIN{H*PI/180,)

S(15)=SQRT(l.-S(13)*S<13)-S(14)*S(14))

STEST=S (15)

STESTl =CQS( H*PI /I 80. ) - T AN ( Y ) /T AN (Y Y ) IF (STESTl) 40,30,30

S(15)=STEST

GO TO 50

S(15)=-STEST

S( 20 )=AS IN( S( 13 ) ) IF (S(15)) 70,60,60

S(21)=ASIN(S(14)/COS(S(20))

)

GO TO 80

S( 21 ) = PI-ASIN( S( 14)/COS( S( 20)) ) S(20)=180.*S(20)/PI

S( 21 )=18C.*S(21 )/PI

S(24)=S(30)*S(8)*S(33)*EXP(-S(31)/S(13))

S(22)=S(32)*S(24)/S(B)/S(8)

S( 23)=S(7)*( S( 2 2)+S< 24)*S( 13)

)

WY=S( 10) *PI/180.

S< 1 6 )=COS( WY

)

WA=S(9) *PI/180

.

S( 1 6 )=COS( WY

)

S( 17) = SIN(WA)*SIN(WY)

S( 18)=CCS( WA)*SIN(WY)

S(19)=S(16)*S{13)+S(17)*S(14)+S(18)*S(15)

S( 34 )=S( 24 ) *S( 19

)

Y=0.45

IF (S(19)+0.2) 100,100,90

Y=0. 55+0.437*S( 19)+0.313*S(19)**2

IF ( S( 19 ) ) 1 10, 1 10, 120

S( 19 )=0.

S( 34 ) = 0 . CONT INUE

S( 26)=S(22) *Y

S(27) = S(23)*(1-S{ 16))/2.

54d
3133 S( 25 )=S( 34 )+S( 26 )+£( 27

)

3134 GO TO 150

3 135 C 2136 130 DO 140 J=14,26

3137 140 S(J)=0.

3138 S(34)=0

3139 150 RETURN

3140 C

3141 END

3 142 S)FCR , IS A34

3143 SUBROUTINE TAR ( TR ) 3 144 C

3145 C ********«********+«****************«**************>!<***********

3146 C 3147 REAL Al(6) / 0 . 0 1 1 5 4 . 0 . 77674 , -3 . 9 46 57 , 8 . 5788 1 , -8 . 3 8 1 3 5 , 3 . 0 1 1 8 8/

3148 REAL A2(6) /O . 0 1 6 36 , 1 . 40 783 . -6 . 790 3 0 , 1 4 . 37 3^8 , - I 3 . 8335"' , 4 . 92 439/

3149 REAL A3(6) / 0 . 0 1 837 , 1 . 9249 7 , -8 . 8 9 1 34 . 1 8 , 40 1 9 7 , - 1 . 4 864 8 , 6 . 1 7 54 4/

3150 REAL A4(e) / 0. 0 1 902 , 2 . 35 4 1 , - 1 0. 47 1 5 . 2 1 . 2 432 2 , - 1 9 .9 59 78 , 6 . 99 96 4/

3151 REAL A5(6) /O .0 1 7 1 2 . 3 . 50 339 . - 1 3 . 8639 , 26 , 3 43 30 , - 2 3 . 8 4846 , 8 . 1 7 37 2/

3152 REAL A6(6) /O . 0 1 406 . 4 . 1 5 95 8 , -1 5 . 0 628 , 27 . 1 8492 , - 2 3 .8 851 8 , 8 . 0365 0/

3153 REAL A7<6) / 0 . 0 1 1 5 3 , 4 . £ 5946 ,- 1 5. 43 29 . 26 . 70 568 . - 2 2 . 8 7993 , 7 . 57 "'95/

3154 REAL A8<6) / 0 . 00 962 4 . 8 1 9 11 , -1 5 . 47 1 4 , 25 .86 5 I 6 . - 2 1 . 6 9 1 06 » 7 . 0 R 7 1 4/

3155 REAL Tl<6) / -0 . 0 088 5 , 2 . 7 1 2 3 5

1 - 0 . 62 062 , -7 . 07 329 , 9 . 75995 , - 3 . 89 2/

3156 REAL T2(6) /-O . 0 1 1 1 4 , 2 . 393 7 1 , 0 . 4 29 78 , -8 . 98 26 2 t 1 1 . 5 1 "^9 8 . -4 . 5 2 06 4/

3157 REAL T3<6) /-O . 0 1 20 0 , 2 . 1 30 3 6 , 1 . 1 383 3

, - 1 0 . 079 2 5 , 1 2 . 4 4 1 61 , -4 . 832 85/

3158 REAL TA ( 6 ) /-O . 0 1 2 1 8 . 1 . 9095 0 , 1 . 6 1 39 1

, - I 0 .6 48 72 » 1 2 .8 3698 1 -4 . 9 5 1 99/

3159 REAL T5(6) /-O . 0 10 56 , 1 . 29 7 1 I , 2 . 286 1 5

, - 1 0 . 37 1 3 2 . 1 1 .9 5884 , -4 . 548 8 0/

3160 REAL T6(6) / -0 . 0 08 3 5 , 0 .9 276 6 , 2 . 1 572 1

. - 8 . 7 1 4 29 . 9 . 87 1 52 , - 3 . 733 28/

3161 REAL T7(6) /-O, 0 0646 , 0 . 682 5 6 , 1 . 82499 , -6 . 95 32 5

, ^ . 806 47 , -2 . 94 4 54

/

3162 REAL T8(6) /-O. 0 0496 , 0 . 5 104 3 , 1 . 47607 , - 5 . 4 1 985 , 6 . 005 46 , -2 . 281 62

/

3163 REAL A01(6) /O . 0 14 07 , 1 . 06226 » -5 . 59 1 3 1 , I 2 . 1 5 0 34 , - 11 . 78092 . 4 . 2 00 70/

3164 REAL A02(6) /O . 0 1 8 1 9 , 1 . 862 7 7

, - 9. 24 83 1 . 1 9 . 49 44 3

, - 1 8 . 56094 , 6 , 5 394 0/

3165 REAL A03(6) /O . 0 1 905 , 2 . 4790 O , - 1 1 . 7 42 "'i 2 4 . 1 4 037 , -22 . 64299 , 89 954 /

3166 REAL A04 (6 ) /O . 0 1 86 2 , 2 .9640 0

, - 1 3 . 4 8 7 0 , 2 7 , 1 30 20 , - 2 5 . 1 1 87 7 , 8 . 6 88 95

/

316'' REAL A05(6) /O . 0 1 42 3 , 4 . 1 438 4 , - 1 6 . 6 6709 , 3 1 . 3 048 4 , -27 . 8 1 9 5 5 . 9 . 369 59/

3168 REAL A06(6) /O . 0 1 0 5 6 , 4 . 7 1 44 7

» - 1 7 . 3 34 54 , 30 . 9 1 78 1

, -26 . 6 3898 . 8 . 79495/

3169 REAL A07(6) /O . 0 08 1 9 , 5 . 0 1 76 8

» - 1 7 . 2 1 228 , 29 . 46 388 , - 24 . 76 9 1 5 . 8 . 05 04 0/

3170 REAL A08(6) /O . 0 06 7 0 . 5 . 1 878 1

, - 1 6 . 84820 , 27 . 90 292 . -22 . 996 1 9 , 7 . 38 1 40

/

3171 REAL AI1(6) /O .0 0 2 28 . 0 .3455 9

, - 1 , 1 990 8 , 2 . 2 23 36 , - 2 . 05 28 7 , 0 . 72 376

/

3172 REAL AI2<6) /O . 0 0 1 2 3 , 0 . 2978 8

, - 0 . 92 2 56 , 1 . 58 1 7 1, - 1 . 40 040 t 0 . 48 3 1 6/

3173 REAL AI3(6) /O . 00 0 6 1 , 0 . 260 1 7 , - 0. 727 1 3 . I . 1 49 50 , - 0 . 9^ 1 3 8 . 0 . 32"' 05/

3174 REAL A 14 (6 ) / 0 . 00035 . 0 . 2 29 74 , - 0 . 58 38 1 , 0 . 846 26 . - 0 . 67 666 0 . 22 1 02/

3175 REAL AI5(6) /- 0 . C 0 C 09 . 0 . 1 5049 . -0 . 27 590 , 0 . 256 1 8 , -0 . 1 291 9 , 0 . 0 2 85 9

/

3176 REAL AI6(6) /- 0 . 00 0 1 6 , 0 . 1 0 5 79 , - 0 . 1 5 035 , 0. 0648 7 , 0 . 027 59 , - 0 . 02 3 ! 7/

3177 REAL AI7(6) /- 0 . 00 0 1 5 , 0 . 077 1 7

, -0 . 090 59 , 0 . 0 00 50 , 0 . 06 7 1 1 , - 0 . 03 394

/

3178 REAL AI8(6) /- 0 . 000 1 2 . 0 . 05746 . -0 . 05 8 78 . -0 . 0 1 85 5 , 0 . 0 68 37 , -0 . 0 3 1 9 1

/

3179 REAL TD1(6) /-O . 00 40 I , 0 . 740 5 0 , 7 . 20 350 , - 20 . 1 1 7 63 , 1 9 . 688 24 , -6 . 74 585/

3180 REAL TD2(6) /-O . 0043 8 . 0 . 578 1 8» 7 . 4206 5

, - 20 . 268 4 8 , 19 . 79 70 6. -6 . 796 1 9/

3181 REAL TD3(6) /- 0 . 0042 8 . 0 . 457 9 7 , 7 . 4 1 36 7

, - 1 9 . 92 004 , 1 9 . 4096 9

, -6 . 66 6 03

/

3182 REAL TD4(6) /- 0 . 0 04 0 1 . 0 . 36 69 8 , 7 , 2 73 2 4

, - 1 9 . 29 36 4 , 1 8 . 7540 8

, - 6 . 4 3 968

/

3183 REAL TD5(6) /- 0 . 00 279 . 0 . 1 6468 , 6 . 1 7 7 1 5

, - 1 5 . 8 4 8 1 1 , 1 5 . 283 02 . - 5 . 23 666

/

3184 REAL TD6<6) /- 0 . 00 19 2 , 0 . 06 1 80 , 4. 94 75 3 , - 1 2 . 4 348 1 , 1 1 . 92 495 , -4 . 07 787/

3185 REAL T07{6) /-O .00 1 36 , 0 . 044 1 9 . 3 . 87529 . - 9 . 59 0 69 , 9 . 1 6022 , - 3 . 1 2 77 6/

3186 REAL TD 6 ( 6 ) /- 0 . 0 009 8 , 0 . 025 76 . 3 . 0040 O , - 4 , 33 834 , 6 . 98 74''^ , - 2 . 3 8 32 8/

3187 OIVENSICN TR (9 ) . A ( 8 . 6 ) , T ( 8 , 6 ) , AO ( 8 , 6 ) , A I ( 8 , 6 ) , T D < 8 , 6 ) 3ie8 C TR<1)= TRANSMISSION FACTOR .DIRECT

3189 C TR(2)= TRANSMISSICN FACTOR .DIFFUSE

3190 C TR(3)= ABSORPTION FACTOR .DIRECT, OUTER

55d
2191 c 2192 c

2 193 c

2 194 c 2195 c 2196 c 2197 c 2198 c

2 199

320 0 2201

2202

2203

2204

3205

2206

3207

2208

3209

22 10

22 11 2212

32 13

2214

221 5 22 16

2217

32 18

3219

2220

222 1 2222

3223

3224

2225

2226

2 227

22 28

3229

2230

323 1 3 23 2 3233

3 234

2235

2 236

223''

2238

3239 1 3240

3 241

2242

3243

3244

2245

3246

2247

2248

TR<4)=

TR(5) = TR<6 ) = TR<7)= COSINE OF INCIDENT

TR(8)=TYPE CF GLASS

TR(9)=ID CODE FOR THE GLAZING

ID =1 SINGLE GLAZING

ID =2 DOUBLE GLAZING

DO 10 J=1.6

A( 1, J) = A1 (J)

A(2» J)=A2( J)

A(3,J)=A3( J)

A(4, J)=A4( J) A< 5» J)=A5< J)

A(6, J) = A6< J ) A(7, J) =A7( J)

A( ei J)=A8( J)

T( 1 , J) =T1 ( J)

T( 2» J)=T2( J ) T(3, J) =T3( J)

T(4, J)=T4{ J)

T(5,J)=T5( J)

T(6. J)=T6( J)

T(7, J)=T7( J)

T(at J)=T8<J)

, DIFFUSE .OUTER

.DIRECT .INNER

. D IFFUSE. INNER

ANGLE

A0( 1 A0(2

A0(3

AO (4

A0(5

AC< e A0(7

A0( 8

Aid

AI (2

AI ( 2 AI (4

AI(5

AI (6

AK7

AI (8

TD( 1 TD(2

TD< 3

TD<4

TD(5

TD(6

TD( 7 TD( 8 ETA=

L=TR

J)J ) J)

J ) J)

J)

J)

J)

J)

J ) J)

J ) J)

J ) J ) J)

J ) J)

J)

J ) J ) J)

J)

J ) TR(7 ) 8)

AOl ( J)

A02 ( J

)

AC3( J)

A04( J)

ACS ( J)

A06< J)

A07 ( J ) A08< J) AI 1( J ) A 12 ( J ) AI 3< J)

AI4( J)

AI5( J)

AI6< J)

AI7( J)

AI8( J)

TD 1< J ) TD2( J)

TD3( J)

TD4( J)

TD5( J)

TD6( J)

TD7( J)

TD8( J

)

I0=TR(9)

IF ( ID.E0.2) GO TO 30

TR< 1 ) = T(L. 1 ) TR(2)=T(L, l)/2.

TR ( 2)=A( L. 1 ) TR(4) = A(L, 1 )/2 . DO 20 J=2.6

56d
3249 TR(1)=TR(1) + T(L,J)*(ET/V**(J-1))

3250 TR( 2)=TR(2)+T(L, J)/( J+1

)

3251 TR(3)=TR{3)+A(L,J)*(ETA**(J-1))

3252 20 TR (4 > =TR (4 L, J) / ( J+ 1

)

3253 TR(5)=G

3254 TR(6)=0

3255 GO TO 50

3256 C

325"' 30 TR( 1 )=TD(L,1 ) 3258 TR<2)=TD(L, 1 )/2.

3259 TR (3 )=AC ( L , 1 ) 3260 TR < 4) =AO( L , 1 )/2

3261 TR(5 ) = AI (L, 1 ) 3262 TR(6) = AI (L, 1 )/2 . 3263 DC 40 J=2,6

3264 X=ETA**(J-1)

3265 TR< 1 ) = TR ( 1 ) + TD<L, J ) *X

3266 TR(2)=TR(2)+TD<L, J)/(J+1

)

3267 TR < 3 )=TR ( 3 ) + A0( L , J ) *X

3268 TR (4 )=:TR (4 ) +A0( L , J )/ ( J + 1 ) 3269 TR (5 ) = TR ( 5) +AI ( L , J )*X

3270 40 TR (6 ) = TP <6 ) +AI (L . J )/( J + 1

)

3271 50 TR<2)=2*TR(2 ) 2272 TR< 4 )=2*TR( 4

)

3273 TR (6 )=2*TR ( 6 ) 3274 RETURN

3275 C

3276 END

3277 aFGR.IS A35

3278 SUBROUTINE TEMPSH ( MONTH , J J , NK , R MOB S , R MDB W , R MD E WO ,R MDB S 0 . T A

)

3279 C

3280 C **********************************

3281 C 2282 DIMENSION RMDB S ( 24 ) , RM CB W ( 2 4

)

2283 IF (MONTH. GE .6. AND. MONTH. LE .9) GO TO 20

3284 IF (JJ.GT.l) GO TO 10

3285 TA=RMDBW(NK)

2286 GO TO 40

226-^ C

2268 10 TA=RVDBWC

3289 GO TO 40

2290 C

3291 20 IF (JJ.GT.l) GC TC 30

2292 TA=RMDBS(NK)

2293 GC TC 40

2294 C

3295 30 TA=RMDBSO

2296 40 CONTINUE

2297 RETURN

2298 C 2299 END

2300 S)FOR .IS A 36

2301 FUNCTION WBF ( H . PB ) 2302 C 230 3 C :f:(i;«^:t«:t4:(***:ii**:i(t*i{<*«**«********* **********************************

2304 C

3305 C THIS FRCGRAV APFRCXIMATES THE WET-BULB TEMPERATURE WHEN

3306 C ENTHALPY IS GIVEN

57d
c307 IF ( H) 30t 30 , 10

3308 IC Y=LCC(H)

3309 IF ( H.GT .1 1 . '58 ) GC TO 20

3 3 10 WBF=0 .6041 + 3 .4 8^ l*Y+1.360l * Y *Y+ 0 . 9 73 O"'* Y* Y* Y 3311 GC TC 100

33 12 C 2313 20 WBF=30 .9 1 85- 39 . 68200*Y+20. 5841 *Y*Y- 1 . 758* Y«Y*Y

3314 GO TO 100

3315 C 3316 30 WB1=150.

33 17 PVl =PVSF { WBl ) 3318 V/1 = 0 .622*PV1 /( PB-PVl ) 3319 X1=0.24*WB1+(1C61+0.444*WB1)*W1

3320 Y1=H-X1

3321 40 W82=WB1-1

3322 PV2 = PVSF (^82 ) 3323 W2=0.622*PV2/(PB-PV2)

3324 X2=0.24*\AiB2+(1061 + 0.444*WB2)*W2

3325 Y2=H-X2

332€ IF (Y1*Y2) 90,60,50

3327 50 WEl=WB2

3328 Y1=Y2

3329 GO TO 40

3330 C 3331 60 IF (Yl) 80,70,80

3332 "^0 WBF^WBl

3333 GO TC 100

3334 C 3335 80 WEF=WB2

3336 GC TC 100

333-' C 3338 90 Z=AeS(Yl/Y2)

3339 WBF=( WB2*Z+WB1 )/( 1+Z)

3340 100 RETURN

3341 C

3 34 2 END

3343 aFCR, IS A37

3344 COMPILER (FLC=ABS)

3345 C 3346 C

334"' C xt*********************************************************** ******

3348 C

3349 SUBROUTINE WD <MI-!) 3350 C

3351 C ****«:(<4*:{.*#*******************************************************

3352 C 335 3 INTEGER I NCM ( 1 76 , 2 ) , T A P E 1 , T APE2

3354 COMMON T AP E 1 , T APE 2 , NC 1 , N02 , I NPUT ( 1 1 0 0

)

3355 MT=TAPE2

3356 IF <MM.EQ.O) MT=TAPE1

335'' NL=176

335B IF <MM,EQ,0) NL=83

3359 NM=N01

3360 NQ1=N02

3361 NC2=NM

3362 IF <NC1.NE.NQ2) GC TO 10

3363 N02=2

3364 CALL NTPAN (MT,24,26)

58d
3365 CALL NTPAN ( MT , 2 , NL » INC M ( 1 i 1 ) » L , 22

)

3366 10 IF (L.LT.O) GO TO 30

3367 CALL NTRAN ( MT , 2 , NL , I NC V ( 1 , N02 ) , L , 2 2

)

3368 DO 20 J=l,NL

3369 DO 20 K=l,6

3370 JJ=(K-1)*6

3371 JK={J-1)*6+K

3372 20 I NPUT< JK ) =FLC( J J ,6 , INCN( J, NGl ) ) 3373 GO TO 40

3374 C 3375 30 WRITE (6.50) L 3376 STOP

3377 C 3378 40 CONTINUE

3379 RETURN

3380 C 338 1 C 3382 50 FORMAT (20H0 INPUT ERROR L= 1 I 1 0 ) 3383 C 3384 END

3385 cDFCR . IS A38

3366 SUBROUTINE WDX <IW)

338^ C 33P8 C + 3389 C 3390 DIMENSION IDATA(IO) /O 5 4 , 06 , 07 , O 1 0 . O 1 1 » C 1 2 , O 1 3 , 0 1 4 , 0 1 5 , 0 1 6/ , 3391 2 JDATA(IO) / C60 , C6 1 . 06 2 » C63 , 06 4 , C6 5 , 06 6 , 06 7 , O70 , 07 1 / , 3392 3 KDATA(IO) / 0 30 » CI 7 , 02 0 , 0 2 1 . 022 . 023 . O 24 , 025 . 02 6 , 027

/

3393 DATA KX /O 4 1

/

3394 DO 10 KK=1,10

3395 IF ( IW.EQ. IDATA( KK) ) GC TO 20

3396 IF ( IW .EQ . JDATA ( KK ) ) GO TO 20

3397 IF ( IW.EG.KDATA(KK) ) GC TO 30

3398 10 CONTINUE

3399 IF (IW.EQ. KX) GO TO 40

3400 IW=1CCOOOO

3401 GO TO 50

3402 C 3403 2C IVi=KK-l

3404 GO TO 50

34 05 C 3406 30 IW=-(KK-1)

340"' GO TC 50

3408 C

3409 40 IW=10

3410 5C RETURN

34 11 C 3412 END

3413 fflFCR. IS A39

3414 SUBROUTINE WINTER ( A » U , I TY PE . NEX P , CF MWT , DB I N , DB WT , U G , T GW ,RH I , R HO

,

3415 *UENDW, UCELNG , AENDW, ATCHT ,A IRCHG

)

34 16 C

3418 C 3419 DIMENSION A ( 30 ) . U ( 30 ) . ITYPE ( 30

)

3420 CALL CBRI- ( DBWT , RHC , WO ) 342 1 CALL DBRH ( CE IN ,R I- I , W I ) 3422 DT=DBIN-CBWT

59d
3423 DW=WI-WO

3424 QWINTS=1 .08*CFMWT*DT

2425 QWINTL = 4.5*CFMViiT*DW*loeO.

3426 DC 20 I=1,NEXP

342^ IF ( ITYPEd ) .E0.6.0R.ITYPE( I ).EQ.7) GO TO 20

3428 IF (UCELNG. EO.O . .OR . ITYPE( I ) .NE . 1 )G0 TO 5 34 29 X=U( 1)*A(1 )+1.08*AIRCHG*ATCHT/60.+UENDW*AENDW

3430 Y=UCELNG*A ( 1 ) 34 31 TATTIC=(X*DBWT+Y*CBIN)/(X+Y)

2 43 2 QWI NTS=0 lAlNT£+Y*(DBIN-TATTIC)

3433 GO TO 20

3434 5 IF ( ITYPE( I ) .NE.5 ) 60 TO 10

2435 QWINTS=Q\MNTS+UG*A(1) *(DBIN-TGW)

2436 GC TC 20

2437 IC CONTINUE

2438 QWINTS=OWINTS+U( I )*A( I )*DT

2439 20 CONTINUE

2440 TOTAL=OWI NTS+QWl NTL

2441 WRITE (6,30) Q Vy I NT S . Q W I NTL . T OT AL

2442 RETURN

3443 C 2444 C

2445 30 FORMAT (//30H HEATING LOAD IN BTU PER HOUR /26H SENSIBLE

2446 2LCAD = F10.0/26H LATENT LOAD = F10.0/36H

3447 2 /26H TOTAL LOAD = FIO.O///)

244 e C 2449 END

3450 aFOR, IS A40

3451 FU^CTICN WKDAY (YR.MO.CAY)

3452 C 2453 C 2454 C

2455 C WKDAY=1 SUNDAY

3456 C WKDAY=2 MONDAY

2457 C V«KDAY = 3 TUESDAY

2458 C WKCAY=4 WEDNESDAY

3459 C WKDAY=5 THURSDAY

2460 C WKDAY=6 FRIDAY

3461 C WKCAY=7 SATURDAY

2462 INTEGER YR , D AY , W KC AY «T C AY , FSTD AY

2463 DIMENSION FSTDAY(12) / 3 1 , 59 , 90 , 1 20 , 1 5 1 . 1 8 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 43 , 273 , 304 , 334 , 2464 2 365/

3465 N=YR/4

2466 ND=N'485

2467 IY=2

2468 IF (ND.EQ.O) GO TO 40

3469 IF (NC.LT.O) GO TO 10

2470 IADD=2

2471 GO TO 20

2472 C 2473 10 ND=-ND

3474 IADD=-2

2475 2C DO 30 J=1,ND

3476 IY=IY-IADD

3477 IF (IY.GT.7) IY=IY-7

3478 IF (lY.EQ.O) I Y-7

3479 IF (lY.LT.O) lY=IY+7

24RC 30 CONTINUE

60d
3481 40 MD=Yf;-N*4

3482 IF (MD.EQ.O) IWK=IY

348 3 IF (MC.EQ.l) IWK=IY+2

3484 IF (fi(lC.FQ.2) IWK=IY+3

3485 IF <MD.EQ.3) IWK=IY+4

3486 IF (IWK.GT.7) IWK=IWK-7

3487 IF (MO.NE.l) GO TC 50

3488 TDAY=DAY-1

3489 GO TO 80

3490 C 3491 5C DO 60 J=2.12

3492 IF (MO.NE.J) GO TO 60

3493 TDAY=FSTCAY( J-l )+DAY-l

3494 GO TO 70

3495 60 CONT INUE

3496 70 IF ( ^'D.EQ.0• AND.MC. GT.2) TDAY=TDAY+1

349"' 80 NTX=TDAY/7

3498 NDX=TDAY-7*NTX+ IWK

3499 IF (NDX.GT.7) NDX=NDX-7

3500 WKDAY=NCX

350 1 KV=YR/100

3502 KTEST=YR-KV* 100

3503 IF (M0.GT.2.OR.KTEST.NE.0) GO TO 90

3504 KV=KV-1

3505 9C LV=K V/4

3506 LTEST=KV-LV*4

350"' IF (LTEST.EQ.2) W KDA Y= WKDAY +

3508 IF (LTEST.EQ.l) WK DA Y= WKD A Y +2

3509 IF (LTEST.EQ.O) WKDAY= WKDAY +3

3510 WK0AY=WKDAY-3*(LV-4)

35 1 1 100 IF ( WKDAY.LE.O) WKDAY= WKDA Y +7

3512 IF ( VkKDAY.LE .0 ) GO TO 100

3513 IF ( ViKDAY. 6T .7 ) WK0AY = WKDAY-7

3514 RETURN

351 5 C 3516 END

3517 aELT, IL A41

351 8 c THIS IS A MAIN PROGRAM FOR DECODING WEATHER BUREAU TAPES.

3519 DIMENSION DB(24) ,DP( 24) ,WB( 24) ,WS(24) ,PB(24) .TC(24) ,T0C(24

)

3520 2.PS(24

)

3521 INTEGER V»P0S(10) / 1 3 . 1 1 , 16 t 19 , 2 2 . 34 , 4 J . A6 t 68 7 0 /

3522 INTEGER WLON<10) / 3 t 2 . 2 . 2 , 3 . 4 , 1 , 1 , 2 t 3/

3523 INTEGER TAPEl .T AP E2 . DA Y , C I T Y » YE A R , OUT ( 24 ) ,OUTPUT( 24 , 10 ) 3524 COMMON TAPEl t TAP E2 .NO 1 ,N02 , I NPUT ( 1 100)

3525 TAPE1=7

3526 TAPE2=8

2527 READ (5,60) NDYSKP.NDAY

352 8 NSKIF=4*NDYSKP

2529 CALL NTRAN ( T APE 1 , 7 , NS K I P

)

3530 N01= 1 3531 NC2=1

2 53 2 DO 50 N= 1 ,NDAY

2533 CALL DECODE ( WPO S . WLO N , 1 0 , OU TPUT , 0 , Y EAR , MO NTH, D AY , CI TY

)

3534 DO 30 K=l,10

3535 DO 10 J=l,24

3536 1 0 OUT( J)=OLTPUT( J ,K

)

3537 CALL ERPCR ( CUT , K

)

2538 DO 20 J=l,24

6 Id
3E39 2 C 0 U TPC T ( J * K ) =OUT ( J

)

3540 3 0 CONT INUE

354 1 DO 40 J- 1 , 24

3542 W S ( J ) =0U TPUT ( J » 1

)

3 54 3 DB < J ) = OUTPUT ( J , 3

)

3 54 4 WB ( J ) = OUT PUT ( J > 4

)

3545 DP ( J )=OU TPUT ( J , 5

)

354 6 PB ( J )=OUTPUT (J»6)/100«

2547 TC ( J ) =OU TPUT(J»7)

354 8 PR ( J ) =OUTPUT ( J » 9

)

3549 PS ( J )= OUT PUT ( J » 10)

2550 T0= 2 355 1 ITK=CUTPUT(J,8)

3552 IF (ITK.EG.2) T0=1

.

25 5 3 IF ( I TK . EQ • 8 eOR « I TK • EQ » 9 ) T0= 0.

2 5 5 4 4 0 TOC ( J ) =:T C 3 55 5 WRITE (6»80) YEAR » MONTH, DAY , CI TY

355 6 IF (N.EQ.l) WRITE (6,70) DB , DP » WB , W S , PB » TC , TOC , PR , PS

3557 5 0 WRITE (8) DB , DP , WB , WS, PB , TC » TOC , PR , PS » YEARMONT H»DAY,CITY

7 5 5 8 END FILE 8

3559

2560 Q

356 1 6 0 FORMAT (10 17)

25 6 2 7 0 FORMAT < l?Fin.T>

3563 80 FORMAT (22H DATA PROCESSED FOR 4120)

3564 C 3565 END

3565 :

62d
NBSLD Sample Input /Output

63d
QAZ*MYFILE( I ) . ME YE R{ 42

)

1 1 i2.0. li

0

2 FCRT MEYER BLDG 219

3 0..0.,0..0..0.,0..0..1.<l..l.tl«il.il.<l.tl.il.>l.<0..0<<0«>0..0.,0..0

4 0..0.<0.<0.,0.,0..0.,l..l.tl.>l.tl.tl.<l.>l.>l.>l.fO..O.iO.,0..0..0.<0

5 0.,0..0..0..0..0.»0..1..1..1.il.il.fl..l.tl.<l.«l.<0..0.,0.,0..0..0..0

6 0,0,0t0.0<0«0..2t.2««2t<2<.2>.2t.2..2<.2«.2«0<0t0.0i0.0i0

7 OfO<0>O.OtO,0<0«OtO<0>0.0<0>OiO<0.0,0.0,0<0.0.0

8 0.0t0.0.0.0.0<.05>.05«.05<.05t.05t<05i.05f.05f05<>05t0<0>0<0.0«0>0

9 0«0«0<0>0.0«0<0,0.0,0,0«O.OiO<OtO«0,0<0.0<0,0>0

10 OiO<OiOiO<OiO«OtOiO.O>0«OtOtOtOtOfO<OtO<0,0>0,0

11 0,0,OiO>0<0<0>0<0<OiO>0.0<0<0,0.0<0<iO<iO<0,0<0<0

12 85.»85..85..85.»85..85.t85..78.t78.,78.,7a.,78..7a.t78.,78.»78.,78.,85.t85..85.

13 8=. . 65. , eS. , 85.

14 60.t60.t60.t&0..60.«60.<60.t68.<68.,68.t68..66.«68..68.t68..68.«68.t60.«60.<60.

15 6C. <60..60..60.

16 6C.,e5.,2C..60.

17 3 1,0,0

18 8. , 21., 2 32. .96 . 8, 20.,74. 9, 20. ,66. ,44. ,0.1, 76. 5, 38. ,5. .2 56. ,20.

19 CFFICE

20 0,0,0

21 3 22 . 031 2,. 1 2,55 . , .259 ,0

23 0,0,0,0,0.2

24 1 .08 , .58, 125 . , .2 ,0

2 5 GYPSUM BOARD 3/8- IN

26 AIR SPACE 3/4-IN

27 COMMON BRICK 13-IN

28 2 29 . 031 2 , . 12 ,55 . , .259,0

30 .25, .024,3.5, . 157,0

31 GYPSUM BOARD 3/8-IN

32 FG WOOL 6- IN 33 3 34 .031 2 , .1 2 ,55 . , .259 ,0

35 0,0,0,0,1.0

36 .031 2, . 12,55 ., .259,

0

37 GYPSUM BOARD 3/8-IN

38 AIR SPACE 4-IN

39 GYPSUM BOARD 3/8-IN

40 3 41 .01, 0. 122,69. ,0.3,0

42 .0625, .094,32. . .2,0

43 . 17, .094,32. .. 2,0

44 ASPHALT TILE 1/8-IN

45 WCOD FLOOR 3/4-IN

46 WOOD SUBFLOOR 2- IN 47 4 46 0,0,0,0, .7 49 .073 ,0 .094, 32. , .6,

0

50 0, 0,0, 0,0. 08

5 1 . 05 , . 750,95. ,.4,0

52 ATTIC SIDE RESISTANCE

53 WCOD 7/8-IN

54 BUILDING PAPER

55 GREEN SLATE 1/2-IN

56 1 57 1 .08, .583, 125. .0.2,0

64d
58

59 3 60

6 1 62

63

64 GYPSUM BOARD 1/4-IN

65 CEILING SIDE RESISTANCE

6 6 0

67 l.»3. ,.2, 21. .,5, .5, 6 5. ,2 00 0.

68

69 78. '^..*JCJ.. .68.. 7?f^v/v/u.. 00fl..7?nf)0..f5S. '^UVV/.. ^ J . 70 0.0

7 1 2,3, 1,2

72 35. .9'?«'?.10.7

73

74

75

76 C 9 ± »»J '*J» v^J* •\J» f* r 77

78

79

8 0

8 1 82

8 3 84 0 aOaO •o«o«o«r)«n

85 3.1O.l'^5..90..1.O6..'5S.O. . O 86 o«o«o«o«o«o*n

87 0«0«0«OtO «0*0«0

8 8 89 0 vOvOfOvOfOfO

90 0 vO^OvOvOvOvOtO

9 1 D*^»J'"» »10*J« VU« 9v/« 9 \J 92 a ^ fi a d ri n 9 3 0,0,0,0.0.0.0,0

94 2,1 ,918.,-90*,0.,0., .9,0

95 0,0,0,0,0,0,0

96 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

97 3,10,80., -90 ., 1. 06, .55,0. ,0

9 a 0,0,0,0,0,0,0

9 9 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

10 0 101 0,0,0,0,0,0,0

1 U £1 0,0,0,0.0,0,0,0

103 .37, .08, 470. ,6. 5, .02, 1 .

1 04 0,0,0,4,1

105

END PRT

aXQT JImSAR.NESLD

CCNGRATULAT I CNS*# NOW YCU ARE CN NBSLD

WE ASSUME YCU HAVE ALREADY PREPARED THE DATA

CN NBS DATA FORMS.. IF YOU HAD NOT .PLEASE TURN OFF

65d
THE TERMINAL AND HAVE YOUR DATA READY ON T PE DATA FORMS

RUN ID, RUNTYP , ASHR AE, I DE T AL . ME THOD RLNID IOE^T IF ICAT ION OF THE PUN

1 NEED RESPONSE FACTOR DATA

2 SKIP RESPONSE FACTOR DATA RUNTYP TYPE OF RUN

1 ENERGY CALCULATION ..NEEDS WEATHER TAPE

2 DESIGN LOAD CALCULATION

3 DESIGN AND ENERGY LOAD CALCULATIONS

ASHRAE 0 USE RMTMP

1 USE ASHRAE WEIGHTING FACTORS

IDETAL 0 NO DETAILED OUTPUT

1 DETAILED OUTPUT

METHOD 0 REGULAR TREATMENT FOR THE ROOM

1 SPECIAL TREATMENT OF THE ROOM

FORT MEYER BLDG 219

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FCB WEEKDAYS

EQUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FCR WEEKDAYS

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FCR WEEKEND

EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE FOR WEEKENDS

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FCR WEEKEND

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

EQUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FCR THE VACATION PERIOD

THERMOSTAT SETTING FOR THE COOLING SEASON

THERMOSTAT SETTING FCP THE HEATING SEASON

RMDBWO.RMDBSO.RHW.RHS

DATA SHEET NO 1 : NDA Y, NSK I P. TAPE 2 DATA SHEET NO 2 +3 : WC NTH , D AY . EL APS , DB M AX , R AN GE , W BM AX

,

DATA SHEET NO 4: NAME OF THE ROOM

DATA SHEET NC 5 : I ROT , I SK I P , I NCLUDE

DATA Sheet nc 6 n/l.k.p,c,r

DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

DBMWT,TGS,TGW,UG.LONG .L A "P , TZN , Z LF , RH 0 W

66d
IRF= 1 WALL CcMPQSITICN

LAYER L< I ) K(I) (I) C(I) ReS(X) DESCRIPTION

NC OF LAYtRS

1 .031 .120 55.00 .259 .00 GYPSUM BOARD 3/8-iN

2 .000 .000 .00 .000 .20 AIR SPACE 3/4-IN

3 1 .080 .580 125.00 .200 . 00 C OMM CN BRICK 1 3- I N TIME INCREMENT DT= 1 . THERMAL CONDUCTANCE U = .431

RESPONSE FACTORS

J X Y Z

0 1 .8144 .0000 4 . 2967

1 -.6456 .0003 -2 .51 'O

2 - . 1642 .0047 -.4141

3 -. 1045 .01 62 - .2144

4 -. 0753 .0271 - .1370

5 -. 0581 .0331 - . 0974

6 -. 0467 .0350 - .0739

7 -. 0387 .0341 -.0586

8 -.0326 .03 19 - .0480

<3 -. 0279 . 0291 -.0402

10 -.0240 .0262 - . 0342

1 1 -.0208 .0233 -. 0293

12 -.0181 .0207 - .0254

13 -. 01 58 . 01 82 - .0221

14 -. 0 138 .0160 - . 0 192

IE -. 0121 .01 41 - .0 168

COMMON KA^iO CR= .^^3^3

DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

67d
IRF= 2 WALL CCn/PCSlTlCN

LAYER L(I) K(I) d) C(I) RES(I) DESCRIPTION

NO OF LAYERS

1 .031 .120 55.00 .259 .00 GYPSUM BOARD 3/8- IN

2 .250 .024 3.50 .157 .00 FG WOOL 6-lN

TIME INCREMENT DT= 1. THERMAL CONDUCTANCE U= .094

RESPONSE FACTORS

J X Y Z

0 .5709 .0650 .1406

1 -.4771 .0286 -.0469

2 -.0001 .0001 -.0000

3 -.0000 .0000 -.0000

4 -.0000 .0000 -.0000

COMMON Ra'io CR- .00157

DATA SHEET NC 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

68d
tRF = 3

WALL CCMPOSITION

LAYER L( I ) K(l) (I) C(I) RES(n DESCRIPTION

NO OF LAYERS

.031

.000

.0 3 1

. 1 20

. 000

. 120

55 .0 0 .00

55.0 0

.259 .00 GYPSUM BOARD 3/8-IN

.000 1.00 AIR SPACE 4-

n .259 .00 GYPSUM BOARD 3/8-IN

TIME Increment dt= i THERMAL CONDUCTANCE

RESPONSE FACTORS

U = .658

J X Y Z 0 1.0350 .5905 1.0350

1 -.3771 ,0674 -.3771

2 .0000 .0000 .0000

2 .0000 .0000 .0000

COMMON RAylO CR= .00000

DATA SHEET NO 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

69d
IRF = 4

WALL CCMPOSI TI CN

LAYER L< I ) K(I) (I) C(I) RE S( I ) DESCRIPTION

NO OF LAYERS

.0 10

,063

,170

.122

.094

. 094

69. 00

32 .0 0 32.00

.300 .00 ASPHALT TILE 1/8-IN

.200 .00 WOOD FLOOR 3/4-IN

.200 .00 WOOD SUBFLOOR 2- IN TIME INCREMENT DT= 1. THERMAL CONDUCTANCE

RESPONSE FACTORS

U = .39 1

J X Y Z 0 1.0303 .1583 .8785

1 -.6150 .2094 -.4640

2 -.0221 .0217 -.0214

3 -.0018 .0018 -.0017

4 -.0001 .0001 -.0001

COMMON RATIO CR= .08120

DATA SHEET NC 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

70d
IRF = 5 WALL CCMPOSITICN

LAYER

NO

L( I ) K( I ) ( I ) C( I ) RES< I

)

DESCr IPTION

OF LAYERS

.000

.073

.000

.050

.000

, C94

,000

,75 0

.0 0 32 .00

.00

95 .00

.000 .70 ATTIC SIDE RESISTANCE

.600 .00 WOOD 7/8-IN

.000 .08 BUILDING PAPER

.400 .00 GREEN SLATE 1/2-IN

TIME INCREMENT DT= I. THERMAL CONDUCTANCE U= .616

RESPONSE FACTORS

J X Y Z

0 .7870 .3149 3.0529

1 -.1623 .2824 -2.3962

2 -.0082 .0177 -.0385

3 -.0004 .0010 -.0021

4 -.0000 .0001 -.0001

COMMON RATIO CR= .05392

DATA SHEET NC 7: DESCRIPTION OF EACH LAYER

7 Id
I RF= 6

WALL CCMPOSI TICN

LAYER L( I ) K(I) (i) C(I) RE S( I ) DESCRIPTION

NG OF LAYERS

1 1 .080 .583 125.00 .200 .00 BRICK 13INCHES

TIME INCREMENT DT= 1.

THERMAL CCNOLCTANCE U= .540

RESPONSE FACTORS

J X Y Z 0 4 . 3078 . 0000 4.3078

1 -2. 5235 .00 15 -2 .5235

2 -.4152 .0181 -.4152

3 -.2149 .0457 - . 2 149

4 -. 1 373 .0609 -.1373

5 - .0974 .0627 -.0974

6 -. 0733 .0576 - .0733

7 -. 0573 .0501 -.0573

8 -.0457 .0425 - .0457

9 -.0369 .0355 - .0369

1 0 -.0300 .0294 - .0 300

I 1 - . 0245 . 0242 -.0245

12 -. 0201 .0200 -.0201

1 3 -.0165 .01 64 - .0 165

14 -.0135 .0135 -.0135

COMMON RATIO CR- .81966

^ATA SHEET NC 7: DESCRIPTION CF EACH LAYER

72 d
IRF = 7

WALL CCMPOSI TION

LAYER

NO

L( I )

.250

. 024

.000

K ( I )

.024

.120

.000

( I )

3.50

55 .0 0 .00

C( I )

. 157

. 259

. 000

RES( I ) DESCR IPTION

OF LAYERS

.00 FG WOOL 6-INCHES

.00 GYPSUM BOARD 1/4-IN

.70 CEILING SIDE RESISTANCE

TIME INCREMENT DT= I. THERMAL CONDUCTANCE

RESPONSE FACTORS

.088

X

. 1393

,0505

, 0005

,0000

,0000

Y ,0438

.0423

.0022

.0001

.0000

Z .4112

- .3121

- .0 104

-.0004

- . 0000

COMMON RATIO CR= .03509

DATA SHEET NO 8: ROOMNO , Q LI TY . QEQPY ,Q CU . F LCG , FR A S , T S , CFM V , AR CHGS t ARC HGW , A RC HG M , ZNORM

DATA SHEET NO .9 : I W » 1 L , TUL , TL L , QC MA X , QHM AX , I TH ST , I TK

DATA SHEET NC 10: NS . NW , NN , NE .L . W ,

DATA SHEET 11 AND 12: ROOM SURFACE DATA AND EXTERIOR SURFACE SHADOW

ROOMNO

1 .0 HT AG NOFLR

10.7 3265.0 1.0

QCU ARCHGS

2 1.0 1.0

ARCHGW

1 . 0

LAT

38.0

LONG

76.5

TZN

5.0

ZNCRW

1 .0

QLITY

3 .0 QEGPX CFMV

.2 2000.0

DBI N 68.0

TG

44.0

TV RHIN

65.0 60.0

NEXP

10

I TK

O

I THST

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75d
1 3 94 ,6 73 .9 78 • 0 60 • 0 —61245, —726 6.

1 4 96 • 2 74 . 3 78 .0 60.0 —67 573

.

— 7266 . 1 5 96 • 8 74.5 78. 0 60 . 0 -71 93 1

—7266 .

1 6 96 • 2 74 .3 78 .4 60.0 — 7200 0 . — 6 84 2

.

1 7 94 • 8 74 • 0 78 . 0 60.0 -71 305 . — 7342 .

1 8 92 .6 73 .4 85 .0 52.5 -243 1 6. 0 .

1 9 90.0 72 . 7 85 .0 52.5 — 1 T84 1 . 0 • 20 37.4 72.0 85. 0 52. 5 —13144. 0 . 2 1 85 . 2 7 1.4 85 . 0 52.5 — 920 2

.

0 . 2 2 83 .2 70 .8 85.0 5 2.5 —5660. n\j -. 23 ai .6 70.4 85 .0 52 .5 -2594 . 0 . 24 80 .4 70. 0 85. 0 52. 5 -28. 0.

DEA = 85.54

GLDSUM = -716519.

TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION PER DAY = -716519. BTU

TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION PER CAY = 0. BTU

TOTAL COOLING CONSUMPTION FOR THE ROOM OVER THE 1 DAY PERIOD = -.71652+06 BTU

TOTAL l-EATING CONSUMPTION FOR THE ROOM OVER THE 1 DAY PERIOD = .00000 BTU

MAX COOLING LOAD = -78842. MONTH = 8 DAY = 21 HOUR = 16

MAX HEATING LOAD = 0. MONTH = 0 DAY - O HOUR = 0

TOTAL COOLING CCNSUMFTION FOR 1 ROOMS = -.71652+06 BTU

TOTAL HEATING CONSUMPTION FOR 1 ROOMS = .00000 BTU

DATA SHEET NO 4: NAME OF THE ROOM

aPRT.S QAZ*MYF1LE. VEyEFI

FURFUR NS26H-03/05-12: 01

76d
QA2*MYFILE{1 ) .MEYEPl ( 1

)

1 2,1 ,C«0.0

2 FORT MEYER BLDG 219

3 O.«0.,0.t0..0..0..0..1.tl.<l.tl.tl.tl..l..l.tl..l..0..0.<0.t0..0..0.i0

4 0.«0«<0.,0.i0..0..0..1.,l..l..l.,l.,l.,l.,l.,l.,1..0..0.,0.,0..0.,0..0

5 O.,O..O.,0..O..0.«O..l..t..l..l.,l.,l.,l.,l..l.,l.,O..0.,O.,0..0.,0..O

£ 0>0i0>0.0.0.0<.2..2.>2..2..2t>2t<2t.2t.2..2>0«0«0«0«0,0.0

7 0tO«0i0t0«O<0fO<OtO<O>0i0<0<O<O>0<O>0<OtO«0<0tO

8 0,0.0.0>0.0«0..05<.05i.05<.05«.05 ..05..05f05..05f.05f0t0t0i0.0t0t0

9 0«0.0<0,0>0>0>OtO<0<0>OtO,OiO, 0.0. 0,0, 0,0. 0,0.0

10 0.0,0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0,0,0,0,0,0,0

11 0,0,0,0.0,0,0,0.0,0,0,0,0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0

IZ 85. ,85. ,85 . ,85. ,85. ,85. .85. .76. . 78, ,78. .78. .78. .78. ,78. ,78. .78. ,78. .85. .85. .85.

13 65. . 65 . . 65. . 85.

14 60..60..60..60..60..60..60..6e..68. .68. ,68. .68. .68. .68. ,68. .68. .68. .60. ,60. ,60.

15 eC. ,60. .60. ,60.

16 6C.. 85. .20. .60.

17 3 1,0,0

18 8. ,21. ,232. ,96. 8, 20. .74. 9. 20.,66. .44. .0.1, 76. 5, 38 . ,5. .256. .20.

19 CFFICE

20 0,0,0

21 1..3...2.21...S..5,65..2000..1.,1...02.1.

22 3.3,8, 17 23 78. .68. .72000. .72000. ,65 ..50.

24 0,0

25 2,3.1.2

26 35. .93.3. 1 0.7

27 1 . 5. 3265 . . 0. . 0 . . 0. • 0. 88, 0. 28 C .0 .0 .0 .0 ,0 .0 29 0,0,0,0.0.0.0,0

30 2 , 1 , 370. . 0 . . 0. .0 . . . 7. 0 31 0. 0.0. 0.0. 0,0

32 0. 0.0, 0.0. 0,0,0

33 3,10,4.5.0..1.06..55.0..0

34 0.0.0. CO. 0.0

35 0.0.0.0,0,0,0,0

36 2 ,1 ,793. . 90. .0 . .0 . . .7 ,

37 0,0,0,0,0,0,0

38 0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0

39 3 . 10 . 155. .90. . 1 .06 . .55 .0 .,0

40 0.0.0,0.0.0.0

41 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0

42 4 ,1 0 .50. . 90 . , .61 .0 . . .9 .0 43 0.0.0,0,0,0,0

44 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0

45 6 .3 ,374. , 1 80. , 0. ,0 . . 0 . , 0 46 0.0. 0.0. C. 0.

47 0.0.0.0.0,0,0,0

48 2 .1 ,91 8. , -90. . 0. . 0 . . .9 .0 49 0.0.0.0.0.0.0

50 0.0.0,0.0,0,0,0

51 3 ,1 0 .80 . .-90. , 1 . 06 . .55 .0 .,

52 0,0,0,0,0,0.0

53 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0

54 8 .4 .3265 . , 0. .0 . .0 . .0. ,

55 0,0.0.0.0.0.0

56 0,0.0.0,0,0,0,0

57 . 37 , .08 .470. .6 .5 , .02, 1 .

77d
56 0,0,0,4,

59

END PRT

fflXGT JImBAR.NESLC

CCNGK ATUL AT I CNS # « NOW YOU ARE ON NBSUD

WE ASSUME YCO HAVE ALREADY PREPARED THE DATA

CN NBS DATA FORMS.. IF YOU HAD NOT .PLEASE TURN OFF

THE TERMINAL AND HAVE YOUR DATA READY ON THE DATA FORMS

RUNID.RUNTYP .ASHRAE . I DETAL, METHOD

RUNID IDENTIFICATION OF THE RUN

1 NEED RESPONSE FACTOR DATA

2 SKIP RESPONSE FACTOR DATA RLNTYP TYPE CF RUN

1 ENERGY CALCULATION ..NEEDS WEATHER TAPE

2 DESIGN LOAD CALCULATION

3 DESIGN AND ENERGY LOAD CALCULATIONS

ASFRAE 0 USE RMTMP

1 USE ASHRAE WEIGHTING FACTORS

IDETAL 0 NO DETAILED OUTPUT

1 DETAILED OUTPUT

METHCD 0 REGULAR TREATMENT FOR THE ROOM

1 SPECIAL TREATMENT OF THE ROOM

FORT MEYER BLDG 219

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

EQUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE FOR WEEKDAYS

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FCR WEEKDAYS

LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR WEEKEND

EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE FCR WEEKENDS

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR WEEKEND LIGHTING SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

ECUIPMENT USAGE SCHEDULE FOR TFE VACATION PERIOD

OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR THE VACATION PERIOD

THERMOSTAT SETTING FOR THE COOLING SEASON

THERMOSTAT SETTING FOR THE HEATING SEASON

RMCewQ,«MDBSO,RHW,RHS

DATA SHEET NC 1 : NC AY , NS K I F , T AP E

DATA SHEET NO 2 +3 : MONT H , D AY , EL APS . DBM AX , R ANGE . WBM A X , DBM WT , TGS , TG W , UG .L ONG .L A T , TZ N , Z LF , RHOW DATA SHEET NC 4: NAME OF THE ROOM

DATA SHEET NO 5 : I ROT , I SK I P, I NCL UDE DATA SHEET NC 8: RC CMNC . QL I T Y . 0 EQPY , QCU . FLCG. FR AS , T S , CFM V , AR CHGS , ARCHG W . ARC HGM , ZNORM

DATA SHEET NC.9: I W , I L , TUL . TLL , QC MA X , QHM AX , I TH ST , I TK DATA SHEET NC 10: NS , N W , NN , NE ,L , W ,

DATA SHEET 11 AND 12: ROOM SURFACE DATA AND EXTERIOR SURFACE SHADOW

78d
DATA SHEET NO 13: U ENDW .UCEL NG , AENOW , AT C HT , A IRCH G , A I RNT

DATA SHEET NO 14: I E XT SD . I E XM S » I E XME . N T VN T , N VENT

RCOM I'i A M E — U 1 1 V

MCNTH=

DAY M1*1 Mn Drx AlUAV /~IP\AV HLD A Y DBA

11

Oil. 0 f dX> 0 • 0 . 8 339 17. 33 .4

c o 7 A 07 7 0 . 1 5 57 859. 24.0

•aoQo D V ^ 1 U •r\U . 1 ooy 04 D

2 8.8

H

oa 0 • 7 67 72 1

41.8

OA AA 0 CT f0 D ^ 0 • 0 . 0 1 0 4. 36. 1 c o 54 1 8 1 • 0 • 1 uyy 8 J 1

31.3

f 3 49 38 9

0 . 9 82 19 7. 35. 5

o ** 4 39 1 2 • 0 • 9 2399 3

35 • 5 c A /i /i Q 0 A 0 . 0 0 1 0 4 0 • 36.7

1 D 1 U 49385

0 . 871 738

37 .6

1 1 o 64 34 7* 0 . 1 239 1 ' o. 2 8.5

*! u • 3 2.6

1 -a O A 46 9 1 4

0 . 85562 7. 3"^ . 5

1 /k. 1 H OA 7 1 7A. n 0 «

1 "3 /i "a /\ Q 1 J cO 0 . 2 4.4

1 C i r 7 0 OA 0 r\u

1 "7 /i 0 ^ "7 1 "7 /i 1 ' . 4

1L AO

7f 7 0 Q 1 Q U . ItDCoO ro. 2 2.8

1 r 1 0 7 4 566 • 0 . 1 768 67 9. 13.8

1 c 1 i. 7 *a C A "7 u . 1 680665

18.2

A ' H- 1 D •r\U • 2 5.0

0 A T 7 7 1 U . llA-1373. 32.5

^ 1 A A 1 OA u

"7 A C 0 7 4 0.3

2 2 5 3 1 85 2 • 0 • 4 368 6 848.6

25- 24 48898. 0. 33564 1 . 49 . 1 24 8 68003. 0. 1301764. 25.4

25 6 56 74 1 . 0. 1 157575 . 30 .0

26 6 48566. 0. 826622. 38.5

27 1 37008. 0 . 70744040.8

28 6 40 155. 0. 797525

37 .2

29 8 43283. 0. 789407. 38. 5 30 6 42 105. 0. 789377. 38.0

31 8 4397 1

0. 875430. 35.2

MCNTHLY COOLING LOAD= .COOOOOOO BTU

MCNTHLy l-EATING LCAD= .32761124+03 BTU

MAX CCCLING LOAD = MAX HEATING LOAD - TOTAL CCCLING

TCTAL HEATING

CATA SHEET NO

0 . MONTH = 0

74977. MONTH = 1 CONSOMFTICN FOR 1 ROOMS = CCNSUMFTICN FOR 1 ROOMS =

4: NAME OF THE ROOM

DAY = 0 HOUR - 0 DAY = 2 HOUR = 8

.00000 BTU

.32761+08 BTU

oIBRkFT PRINTS

79d

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NBS-114A (REV. 7-73)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBS-BSS-69

2. Gov't A( ( r .MiHI No.

3. Hc< ipirnt Aercssion No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLL

NBSLD, the Computer Program for Heating and Cooling Loads

in Buildings

5. Publication Date July 1976

6. Performing Organization Cod'-

7. AUTHOR(S)

Tamami Kusuda

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Proieit/Task/Work Unit No. 4626400

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

National Bureau of Standards Housing and Urban Development

Department of Commerce 451 7th Street, S.W.

Washington, D.C. 20234 Washington, D.C. 20410

13. Type of Report & Period Covered Final Report

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200- word or less {actual summary o{ most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

A comprehensive computer program called NBSLD, the National Bureau of Standards

Load Determination program, has been developed at NBS to reflect the time change of the

many building parameters which are pertinent to accurate estimation of energy usage for

heating and cooling. Current status of heating and cooling load techniques is reviewed.

Of general interest are unique features of NBSLD which are not available in existing com- puter programs. A summary of various subroutines of NBSLD is given along with the detailed procedures for them. These subroutines constitute the recommended subroutine algorithms of the ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements. Complete Fortran listing of

NBSLD and data preparation forms are given for those who wish to use the program. The

NBSLD computation is on the basis of the detailed solution of simultaneous heat balance

equations at all the interior surfaces of a room or space. Transient heat conduction

through exterior walls and the interior structures is handled by using conduction transfer functions. The use of heat balance equations, although time consuming in calculation, can avoid the vagueness and uncertainties inherent in the more popularly used

weighting factor approach. In addition, it is more accurate for a specific building design.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons) ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements; conduction transfer

functions; heating and cooling load; National Bureau of Standards Heating and Cooling

Load Computer Program

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