# Patent

## Title
Voice synthesis apparatus using a plurality of phonetic piece data

## Abstract

A voice signal is synthesized using a plurality of phonetic piece data each indicating a phonetic piece containing at least two phoneme sections corresponding to different phonemes. In the apparatus, a phonetic piece adjustor forms a target section from first and second phonetic pieces so as to connect the first and second phonetic pieces to each other such that the target section includes a rear phoneme section of the first piece and a front phoneme section of the second piece, and expands the target section by a target time length to form an adjustment section such that a central part is expanded at an expansion rate higher than that of front and rear parts of the target section, to thereby create synthesized phonetic piece data having the target time length. A voice synthesizer creates a voice signal from the synthesized phonetic piece data.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technology for interconnecting a plurality of phonetic pieces to synthesize a voice, such as a speech voice or a singing voice.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a voice synthesis technology of phonetic piece connection type for interconnecting a plurality of phonetic pieces to synthesize a desired voice, it is necessary to expand and contract a phonetic piece to a target time length. Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H7-129193 discloses a construction in which a plurality of kinds of phonetic pieces is classified into a stable part and a transition part, and the time length of each phonetic piece is separately adjusted in the normal part and the transition part. For example, the normal part is more greatly expanded and contracted than the transition part.
In a technology of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H7-129193, the time length is adjusted at a fixed expansion and contraction rate within a range of a phonetic piece classified into the normal part or the transition part. In real pronunciation, however, a degree of expansion may be changed on a section to section basis even within a range of a phonetic piece (phoneme). In the technology of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H7-129193, therefore, an aurally unnatural voice (that is, a voice different from a really pronounced sound) may be synthesized in a case in which a phonetic piece is expanded.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to synthesize an aurally natural voice even in a case in which a phonetic piece is expanded.
Means adopted by the present invention so as to solve the above problems will be described. Meanwhile, in the following description, elements of embodiments, which will be described below, corresponding to those of the present invention are shown in parentheses for easy understanding of the present invention; however, the scope of the present invention is not limited to illustration of the embodiments.
A voice synthesis apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention is designed for synthesizing a voice signal using a plurality of phonetic piece data each indicating a phonetic piece which contains at least two phoneme sections (for example, a phoneme section S1 and a phoneme section S2) corresponding to different phonemes. The apparatus comprises; a phonetic piece adjustment part (for example, a phonetic piece adjustment part 26) that forms a target section (for example, a target section WA) from a first phonetic piece (for example, a phonetic piece V1) and a second phonetic piece (for example, a phonetic piece V2) so as to connect the first phonetic piece and the second phonetic piece to each other such that the target section is formed of a rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece corresponding to a consonant phoneme and a front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece corresponding to the consonant phoneme, and that carries out an expansion process for expanding the target section by a target time length to form an adjustment section (for example, an adjustment section WB) such that a central part of the target section is expanded at an expansion rate higher than that of a front part and a rear part of the target section, to thereby create synthesized phonetic piece data (for example, synthesized phonetic piece data DB) of the adjustment section having the target time length and corresponding to the consonant phoneme; and a voice synthesis part (for example, a voice synthesis part 28) that creates a voice signal from the synthesized phonetic piece data created by the phonetic piece adjustment part.
In the above construction, the expansion rate is changed in the target section corresponding to a phoneme of a consonant, and therefore, it is possible to synthesize an aurally natural voice as compared with the construction of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H7-129193 in which an expansion and contraction rate is fixedly maintained within a range of a phonetic piece.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, each phonetic piece data comprises a plurality of unit data corresponding to a plurality of frames arranged on a time axis. In case that the target section corresponds to a voiced consonant phoneme, the phonetic piece adjustment part expands the target section to the adjustment section such that the adjustment section contains a time series of unit data corresponding to the front part (for example, a front part σ1) of the target section, a time series of a plurality of repeated unit data which are obtained by repeating unit data corresponding to a central point (for example, a time point tAc) of the target section, and a time series of a plurality of unit data corresponding to the rear part (for example, a rear part σ2) of the target section.
In the above aspect, a time series of plurality of unit data corresponding to the front part of the target section and a time series of a plurality of unit data corresponding to the rear part of the target section are applied as unit data of each frame of the adjustment section, and therefore, the expansion process is simplified as compared with, for example, a construction in which both the front part and the rear part are expanded. The expansion of the target section according to the above aspect is particularly preferable in a case in which the target section corresponds to a phoneme of a voiced consonant.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the unit data of the frame of the voiced consonant phoneme comprises envelope data designating characteristics of a shape in an envelope line of a spectrum of a voice and spectrum data indicating the spectrum of the voice. The phonetic piece adjustment part generates the unit data corresponding to the central point of the target section such that the generated unit data comprises envelope data obtained by interpolating the envelope data of the unit data before and after the central point of the target section and spectrum data of the unit data immediately before or after the central point.
In the above aspect, the envelope data created by interpolating the envelope data of the unit data before and after the central point of the target section are included in the unit data after expansion, and therefore, it is possible to synthesize a natural voice in which a voice component of the central point of the target section is properly expanded.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the phonetic piece data comprises a plurality of unit data corresponding to a plurality of frames arranged on a time axis. In case that the target section corresponds to an unvoiced consonant phoneme, the phonetic piece adjustment part sequentially selects the unit data of each frame of the target section as unit data of each frame of the adjustment section to create the synthesized phonetic piece data, wherein velocity (for example, progress velocity ν), at which each frame in the target section corresponding to each frame in the adjustment section is changed according to passage of time in the adjustment section, is decreased from a front part to a central point (for example, a central point tBc) of the adjustment section and increased from the central point to a rear part of the adjustment section.
The expansion of the target section according to the above aspect is particularly preferable in a case in which the target section corresponds to a phoneme of an unvoiced consonant.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the unit data of the frame of an unvoiced sound comprises spectrum data indicating a spectrum of the unvoiced sound. The phonetic piece adjustment part creates the unit data of the frame of the adjustment section such that the created unit data comprises spectrum data of a spectrum containing a predetermined noise component (for example, a noise component p) adjusted according to an envelope line (for example, an envelope line ENV) of a spectrum indicated by spectrum data of unit data of a frame in the target section.
For example, preferably the phonetic piece adjustment part sequentially selects the unit data of each frame of the target section and creates the synthesized phonetic piece data such that the unit data thereof comprises spectrum data of a spectrum containing a predetermined noise component adjusted based on an envelope line of a spectrum indicated by spectrum data of the selected unit data of each frame in the target section (second embodiment).
Alternately, the phonetic piece adjustment part selects the unit data of a specific frame of the target section (for example, one frame corresponding to a central point of the target section) and creates the synthesized phonetic piece data such that the unit data thereof comprises spectrum data of a spectrum containing a predetermined noise component adjusted based on an envelope line of a spectrum indicated by spectrum data of the selected unit data of the specific frame in the target section (third embodiment).
In the above aspect, unit data of a spectrum in which a noise component (typically, a white noise) is adjusted based on the envelope line of the spectrum indicated by the unit data of the target section are created, and therefore, it is possible to synthesize a natural voice, acoustic characteristics of which is changed for every frame, even in a case in which a frame in the target section is repeated over a plurality of frames in the adjustment section.
By the way, manner of expansion of really pronounced phonemes are different depending upon type of phonemes. In the technology of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H7-129193, however, expansion rates are merely different between the normal part and the transition part with the result that it may not be possible to synthesize a natural voice according to type of phonemes. In view of the above problems, a voice synthesis apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is designed for synthesizing a voice signal using a plurality of phonetic piece data each indicating a phonetic piece which contains at least two phoneme sections corresponding to different phonemes, the apparatus comprising a phonetic piece adjustment part that uses different expansion processes based on types of phonemes indicated by the phonetic piece data. In the above aspect, an appropriate expansion process is selected according to type of a phoneme to be expanded, and therefore, it is possible to synthesize a natural voice as compared with the technology of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H7-129193.
For example, in a preferred example in which the first aspect and the second aspect are combined, a phoneme section (for example, a phoneme section S2) corresponding to a phoneme of a consonant of a first type (for example, a type C1a or a type C1b) which is positioned at the rear of a phonetic piece and pronounced through temporary deformation of a vocal tract includes a preparation process (for example, a preparation process pA1 or a preparation process pB1) just before deformation of the vocal tract, a phoneme section (for example, a phoneme section S1) which is positioned at the front of a phonetic piece and corresponds to the phoneme of the consonant of the first type includes a pronunciation process (for example, a pronunciation process pA2 or a pronunciation process pB2) in which the phoneme is pronounced as the result of temporary deformation of the vocal tract, a phoneme section corresponding to a phoneme of a consonant of a second type (for example, a second type C2) which is positioned at the rear of a phonetic piece and can be normally continued includes a process (for example, a front part pC1) in which pronunciation of the phoneme is commenced, a phoneme section which is position at the front of a phonetic piece and corresponds to the phoneme of the consonant of the second type includes a process (for example, a rear part pC2) in which pronunciation of the phoneme is ended.
Under the above circumstance, the phonetic piece adjustment part carries out the already described expansion process for expanding the target section by a target time length to form an adjustment section such that a central part of the target section is expanded at an expansion rate higher than that of a front part and a rear part of the target section in case that the consonant phoneme of the target section belongs to one type (namely the second type C2) including fricative sound and semivowel sound, and carries out another expansion process in case that the consonant phoneme of the target section belongs to another type (namely the first type C1) including plosive sound, affricate sound, nasal sound and liquid sound for inserting an intermediate section between the rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece and the front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece in the target section.
In the above aspect, the same effects as the first aspect are achieved, and, in addition, it is possible to properly expand a phoneme of the first type pronounced through temporary deformation of the vocal tract.
For example, in a case in which the phoneme of the consonant corresponding to the target section is a phoneme (for example, a plosive sound or an affricate) of the first type in which an air current is stopped at the preparation process (for example, the preparation process pA1), the phonetic piece adjustment part inserts a silence section as the intermediate section.
Also, in a case in which the phoneme of the consonant corresponding to the target section is a phoneme (for example, a liquid sound or a nasal sound) of the first type in which pronunciation is maintained through ventilation at the preparation process (for example, the preparation process pB1), the phonetic piece adjustment part inserts an intermediate section containing repetition of a frame selected from the rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece or the front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece in case that the consonant phoneme of the target section is nasal sound or liquid sound. For example, the phonetic piece adjustment part inserts the intermediate section containing repetition of the last frame of the rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece. Alternatively, the phonetic piece adjustment part inserts the intermediate section containing repetition of the top frame of the front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece.
The voice synthesis apparatus according to each aspect described above is realized by hardware (an electronic circuit), such as a digital signal processor (DSP) which is exclusively used to synthesize a voice, and, in addition, is realized by a combination of a general processing unit, such as a central processing unit (CPU), and a program. A program (for example, a program PGM) of the present invention is executed by a computer to perform a method of synthesizing a voice signal using a plurality of phonetic piece data each indicating a phonetic piece which contains at least two phoneme sections corresponding to different phonemes, the method comprising: forming a target section from a first phonetic piece and a second phonetic piece so as to connect the first phonetic piece and the second phonetic piece to each other such that the target section is formed of a rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece corresponding to a consonant phoneme and a front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece corresponding to the consonant phoneme; carrying out an expansion process for expanding the target section by a target time length to form an adjustment section such that a central part of the target section is expanded at an expansion rate higher than that of a front part and a rear part of the target section, to thereby create synthesized phonetic piece data of the adjustment section having the target time length and corresponding to the consonant phoneme; and creating a voice signal from the synthesized phonetic piece data.
The program as described above realizes the same operation and effects as the voice synthesis apparatus according to the present invention. The program according to the present invention is provided to users in a form in which the program is stored in machine readable recording media that can be read by a computer so that the program can be installed in the computer, and, in addition, is provided from a server in a form in which the program is distributed via a communication network so that the program can be installed in the computer.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a voice synthesis apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a typical view of a phonetic piece group stored in a storage unit.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing classification of phonemes.
FIG. 4 is a typical view showing a relationship between a time domain waveform of a plosive sound or an affricate sound and each phoneme section of a phonetic piece.
FIG. 5 is a typical view showing a relationship between a time domain waveform of a liquid sound or a nasal sound and each phoneme section of a phonetic piece.
FIG. 6 is a typical view showing a relationship between a time domain waveform of a fricative sound or a semivowel sound and each phoneme section of a phonetic piece.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating selection of a phonetic piece and setting of synthesis time length.
FIG. 8 is a view illustrating expansion of a target section.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing an operation of expanding a phoneme of a consonant performed by a phonetic piece adjustment part.
FIG. 10 is a view illustrating a first insertion process.
FIG. 11 is a view illustrating a second insertion process.
FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating an expansion process.
FIG. 13 is a flow chart showing contents of the expansion process.
FIG. 14 is a view illustrating an expansion process carried out with respect to a phoneme of a voiced sound.
FIG. 15 is a view illustrating an expansion process carried out with respect to a phoneme of a voiced sound.
FIG. 16 is a graph illustrating an expansion process carried out with respect to a phoneme of an unvoiced sound.
FIG. 17 is a view illustrating an expansion process carried out with respect to a phoneme of an unvoiced sound in a second embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A: First Embodiment
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a voice synthesis apparatus 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The voice synthesis apparatus 100 is a signal processing apparatus that creates a voice, such as a speech voice or a singing voice, through a voice synthesis processing of the phonetic piece connection type. As shown in FIG. 1, the voice synthesis apparatus 100 is realized by a computer system including a central processing unit 12, a storage unit 14, and a sound output unit 16.
The central processing unit (CPU) 12 executes a program PGM stored in the storage unit 14 to perform a plurality of functions (a phonetic piece selection part 22, a phoneme length setting part 24, a phonetic piece adjustment part 26, and a voice synthesis part 28) for creating a voice signal VOUT indicating the waveform of a synthesized sound. Meanwhile, the respective functions of the central processing unit 12 may be separately realized by a plurality of integrated circuits, or a designated electronic circuit, such as a DSP, may realize some of the functions. The sound output unit 16 (for example, a headphone or a speaker) outputs a sound wave corresponding to the voice signal VOUT created by the central processing unit 12.
The storage unit 14 stores the program PGM, which is executed by the central processing unit 12, and various kinds of data (phonetic piece group GA and synthesis information GB), which are used by the central processing unit 12. Well-known recording media, such as semiconductor recording media or magnetic recording media, or a combination of a plurality of kinds of recording media may be adopted as the storage unit 14.
As shown in FIG. 2, the phonetic piece group GA stored in the storage unit 14 is a set (voice synthesis library) of a plurality of phonetic piece data DA corresponding to different phonetic pieces V. As shown in FIG. 2, a phonetic piece V in the first embodiment is a diphone (phoneme chain) interconnecting two phoneme sections S (S1 and S2) corresponding to different phonemes. The phoneme section S1 is a section including a start point of the phonetic piece V. The phoneme section S2 is a section including an end point of the phonetic piece V. The phoneme section S2 follows the phoneme section S1. In the following, silence will be described as a kind of phoneme for the sake of convenience.
As shown in FIG. 2, each piece of phonetic piece data DA includes classification information DC and a time series of a plurality of unit data UA. The classification information DC designates type of phonemes (hereinafter, referred to as ‘phoneme type’) respectively corresponding to the phoneme section S1 and the phoneme section S2 of the phonetic piece V. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, phoneme type, such as vowels /a/, /i/ and /u/, plosive sounds /t/, /k/ and /p/, an affricate /ts/, nasal sounds /m/ and /n/, a liquid sound /r/, fricative sounds /s/ and /f/, and semivowels /w/ and /y/, is designated by the classification information DC. Each piece of a plurality of unit data UA included in phonetic piece data DA of a phonetic piece V prescribes a spectrum of a voice of each of frames of the phonetic piece V (the phoneme section S1 and the phoneme section S2) which are divided on a time axis. As will be described below, contents of unit data UA corresponding to a phoneme (a vowel or a voiced consonant) of a voiced sound and contents of unit data UA corresponding to an unvoiced sound (an unvoiced consonant) are different from each other.
As shown in FIG. 2, a piece of unit data UA corresponding to a phoneme of a voiced sound includes envelope data R and spectrum data Q. The envelope data R includes a shape parameter R, a pitch pF, and sound volume (energy) E. The shape parameter R is information indicating a spectrum (tone) of a voice. The shape parameter includes a plurality of variables indicating shape characteristics of an envelope line (tone) of a spectrum of a voice. A first embodiment of the envelope data R is, for example, an excitation plus resonance (EpR) parameter including an excitation waveform envelope r1, chest resonance r2, vocal tract resonance r3, and a difference spectrum r4. The EpR parameter is created through well-known spectral modeling synthesis (SMS) analysis. Meanwhile, the EpR parameter and the SMS analysis are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent No. 3711880 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-226174.
The excitation waveform envelope (excitation curve) r1 is a variable approximate to an envelope line of a spectrum of vocal cord vibration. The chest resonance r2 designates a bandwidth, a central frequency, and an amplitude value of a predetermined number of resonances (band pass filters) approximate to chest resonance characteristics. The vocal tract resonance r3 designates a bandwidth, a central frequency, and an amplitude value of each of a plurality of resonances approximate to vocal tract resonance characteristics. The difference spectrum r4 means the difference (error) between a spectrum approximate to the excitation waveform envelope r1, the chest resonance r2 and the vocal tract resonance r3, and a spectrum of a voice.
As shown in FIG. 2, a piece of unit data UA corresponding to a phoneme of an unvoiced sound includes spectrum data Q. The unit data UA of the unvoiced sound do not include envelope data R. The spectrum data Q included in the unit data UA of both the voiced sound and unvoiced sound are data indicating a spectrum of a voice. Specifically, the spectrum data Q include a series of intensities (power and an amplitude value) of each of a plurality of frequencies on a frequency axis.
As shown in FIG. 3, a phoneme of a consonant belonging to each phoneme type is classified into a first type C1 (C1a and C1b) and a second type C2 based on an articulation method. A phoneme of the first type C1 is pronounced in a state in which a vocal tract is temporarily deformed from a predetermined preparation state. The first type C1 is divided into a type C1a and a type C1b. A phoneme of the type C1a is a phoneme in which air is completely stopped in both the oral cavity and the nasal cavity in a preparation state before pronunciation. Specifically, plosive sounds /t/, /k/ and /p/, and an affricate /ts/ belong to the type C1a. A phoneme of the type C1b is a phoneme in which ventilation is restricted in a preparation state but pronunciation is maintained even in a preparation state by ventilation via a portion of the oral cavity or the nasal cavity. Specifically, nasal sounds /m/ and /n/ and a liquid sound /r/ belong to the type C1b. On the other hand, a phoneme of the second type C2 is a phoneme in which normal pronunciation can be continued. Specifically, fricative sounds /s/ and /f/ and semivowels /w/ and /y/ belong to the second type C2.
time domain waveforms of phonemes of the respective types C1a, C1b and C2 are illustrated in parts (A) of FIGS. 4 to 6. As shown in a part (A) of FIG. 4, a phoneme (for example, a plosive sound /t/) of the type C1a is divided into a preparation process pA1 and a pronunciation process pA2 on a time axis. The preparation process pA1 is a process of closing a vocal tract for pronunciation of a phoneme. Since the vocal tract is closed to stop ventilation, the preparation process pA1 has an almost silence state. On the other hand, the pronunciation process pA2 is a process of temporarily and rapidly deforming the vocal tract from the preparation process pA1 to release an air current so that a phoneme is actually pronounced. Specifically, air compressed in the upstream side of the vocal tract at the preparation process pA1 is released at once by moving an upper jaw, for example, at the tip of tongue at the pronunciation process pA2.
In a case in which a phoneme section S2 at the rear of a phonetic piece V corresponds to a phoneme of the type C1a, as shown in a part (B) of FIG. 4, the phoneme section S2 includes the preparation process pA1 of the phoneme. Also, as shown in a part (C) of FIG. 4, a phoneme section S1 at the front of the phonetic piece V corresponding to a phoneme of the type C1a includes the pronunciation process pA2 of the phoneme. That is, the phoneme section S2 of the part (B) of FIG. 4 is followed by the phoneme section S1 of the part (C) of FIG. 4 to synthesize a phoneme (for example, a plosive sound /t/) of the type C1a. 
As shown in a part (A) of FIG. 5, a phoneme (for example, a nasal sound /n/) of the type C1b is divided into a preparation process pB1 and a pronunciation process pB2 on a time axis. The preparation process pB1 is a process of restricting ventilation of a vocal tract for pronunciation of a phoneme. The preparation process pB1 of the phoneme of the type C1b is different from the preparation process pA1 of the phoneme of the type C1a, in which ventilation is stopped, and therefore, an almost silent state is maintained, in that ventilation from the vocal chink is restricted but pronunciation is maintained through ventilation via a portion of the oral cavity or the nasal cavity. On the other hand, the pronunciation process pB2 is a process of temporarily and rapidly deforming the vocal tract from the preparation process pB1 to actually pronounce a phoneme in the same manner as the pronunciation process pA2. As shown in a part (B) of FIG. 5, the preparation process pB1 of the phoneme of the type C1b is included in a phoneme section S2 at the rear of a phonetic piece V, and the preparation process pB2 of the phoneme of the type C1b is included in a phoneme section S1 at the front of the phonetic piece V. The phoneme section S2 of the part (B) of FIG. 5 is followed by the phoneme section S1 of the part (C) of FIG. 5 to synthesize a phoneme (for example, a nasal sound /n/) of the type C1b. 
As shown in a part (A) of FIG. 6, a phoneme (for example, a fricative sound /s/) of the second type C2 is divided into a front part pC1 and a rear part pC2 on a time axis. The front part pC1 is a process in which pronunciation of the phoneme is commenced to transition to a stably continuous state, and the rear part pC2 is a process in which pronunciation of the phoneme is ended from the normally continuous state. As shown in a part (B) of FIG. 6, the front part pC1 is included in a phoneme section S2 at the rear of a phonetic piece V, and as shown in a part (A) of FIG. 6 the rear part pC2 is included in a phoneme section S1 at the front of the phonetic piece V. In order to satisfy the above conditions, each phonetic piece V is extracted from a voice of a specific speaker, each phoneme section S is delimited, and phonetic piece data DA for each phonetic piece V are made.
As shown in FIG. 1, the synthesis information (score data) GB to designate a synthesized sound in a time series is stored in the storage unit 14. The synthesis information GB designates a pronunciation letter X1, a pronunciation period X2 and a pitch X3 of a synthesized sound in a time series, for example, for every note. The pronunciation letter X1 is an alphabet series of song words, for example, in case of synthesizing a singing voice, and the pronunciation period X2 is designated, for example, as pronunciation start time and duration. The synthesis information GB is created, for example, according to user manipulation through various kinds of input equipment, and is then stored in the storage unit 14. Meanwhile, synthesis information GB received from another communication terminal via a communication network or synthesis information GB transmitted from a variable recording medium may be used to create the voice signal VOUT.
The phonetic piece selection part 22 of FIG. 1 sequentially selects phonetic piece data V corresponding to each pronunciation letter X1 designated by the synthesis information GB in a time series from the phonetic piece group GA. For example, in a case in which a phrase ‘go straight’ is designated as the pronunciation letter X1 of the synthesis information GB, as shown in FIG. 7, the phonetic piece selection part 22 selects eight phonetic pieces V, such as [Sil-gh], [gh-@U], [@U-s], [s-t], [t-r], [r-eI], [eI-t] and [t-Sil]. Meanwhile, a symbol of each phoneme is based on Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA). X-SAMPA (eXtended-SAMPA) also adopts the same symbol system. Meanwhile, the symbol ‘Sil’ of FIG. 7 means silence.
The phoneme length setting part 24 of FIG. 1 variably sets a time length T when applied to synthesis of a voice signal VOUT (hereinafter, referred to as a ‘synthesis time length’) with respect to each phoneme section S (S1 and S2) of the phonetic piece V sequentially selected by the phonetic piece selection part 22. The synthesis time length T of each phoneme section S is selected according to the pronunciation period X2 designated by the synthesis information GB in a time series. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the phoneme length setting part 24 sets a synthesis time length T (T(Sil), T(gh), T(@U), . . . ) of each phoneme section S so that the start point of a phoneme (an italic phoneme of FIG. 7) of a principal vowel constituting the pronunciation letter X1 accords with the start point of a pronunciation period X2 of the pronunciation letter X1, and front and rear phoneme sections S are arranged on a time axis without a gap.
The phonetic piece adjustment part 26 of FIG. 1 expands and contracts each phoneme section S of the phonetic piece V selected by the phonetic piece selection part 22 based on the synthesis time length T set by the phoneme length setting part 24 with respect to the phoneme section S thereof. For example, in a case in which the phonetic piece selection part 22 selects a phonetic piece V1 and a phonetic piece V2, as shown in FIG. 8, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 expands and contracts a section (hereinafter, referred to as a ‘target section’) WA of a time length LA obtained by interconnecting a rear phoneme section S2 which is rear phoneme of the phonetic piece V1 and a font phoneme section S1 which is a front phoneme of the phonetic piece V2 to a section (hereinafter, referred to as an ‘adjustment section’) WB covering a target time length LB to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB indicating a voice of the adjustment section WB after expansion and contraction. Meanwhile, a case of expanding the target section WA (LA<LB) is illustrated in FIG. 8. The time length TB of the adjustment section WB is the sum of the synthesis time length T of the phoneme section S2 of the phonetic piece V1 and the synthesis time length T of the phoneme section S1 of the phonetic piece V2. As shown in FIG. 8, the synthesized phonetic piece data DB created by the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 is a time series of a number of (N) unit data UB corresponding to the time length LB of the adjustment section WB. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a piece of synthesized phonetic piece data DB is created for every pair of a rear phoneme section S2 of the first phonetic piece V1 and a front phoneme section S1 of the second phonetic piece V2 immediately thereafter (that is, for every phoneme).
The voice synthesis part 28 of FIG. 1 creates a voice signal VOUT using the synthesized phonetic piece data DB created by the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 for each phoneme. Specifically, the voice synthesis part 28 converts spectra indicated by the respective unit data UB constituting the respective synthesized phonetic piece data DB into a time domain waveform, interconnects the converted spectra of the frames, and adjusts the height of a sound based on the pitch X3 of the synthesis information GB to create the voice signal V.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a process of the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 expanding a phoneme of a consonant to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB. The process of FIG. 9 is commenced whenever selection of a phonetic piece V by the phonetic piece selection part 22 and setting of a synthesis time length T by the phoneme length setting part 24 are carried out with respect to a phoneme (hereinafter, referred to as a ‘target phoneme’) of a consonant. As shown in FIG. 8, it is assumed that the target section WA of the time length LA constituted by the phoneme section S2 corresponding to the target phoneme of the phonetic piece V1 and the phoneme section S1 corresponding to the target phoneme of the phonetic piece V2 is expanded to the time length LB of the adjustment section WB to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB (a time series of N unit data UB, corresponding to the respective frames of the adjustment section WB).
Upon commencing the process of FIG. 9, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 determines whether or not the target phoneme belongs to the type C1a (SA1). Specifically, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 carries out determination at step SA1 based on whether or not the phoneme type indicated by the classification information DC of the phonetic piece data DA of the phonetic piece V1 with respect to the phoneme section S2 of the target phoneme corresponds to a predetermined classification (a plosive sound or an affricate) belonging to the type C1a. In a case in which the target phoneme belongs to the type C1a (SA1: YES), the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 carries out a first insertion process to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB of the adjustment section WB (SA2).
As shown in FIG. 10, the first insertion process is a process of inserting an intermediate section MA between the phoneme section S2 at the rear of the phonetic piece V1 and the phoneme section S1 at the front of the phonetic piece V2 immediately thereafter to expand the target section WA to the adjustment section WB of the time length LB. As described with reference to FIG. 4, the preparation process pA1 having the almost silent state is included in the phoneme section S2 corresponding to the phoneme of the type C1a. For this reason, in the first insertion process of step SA2, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 inserts a time series of a plurality of unit data UA indicating silence as the intermediate section MA. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the synthesized phonetic piece data DB created through the first insertion process at step SA2, are constituted by a time series of N unit data UB in which the respective unit data UA of the phoneme section S2 of the phonetic piece V1, the respective unit data UA of the intermediate section (silence section) MA, and the respective unit data UA of the phoneme section S1 of the phonetic piece V2 are arranged in order.
In a case in which the target phoneme does not belong to the type C1a (SA1: NO), the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 determines whether or not the target phoneme belongs to the type C1b (a liquid sound or nasal sounds) (SA3). A determination method of step SA3 is identical to that of step SA1. In a case in which the target phoneme belongs to the type C1b (SA3: YES), the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 carries out a second insertion process to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB of the adjustment section WB (SA4).
As shown in FIG. 11, the second insertion process is a process of inserting an intermediate section MB between the phoneme section S2 at the rear of the phonetic piece V1 and the phoneme section S1 at the front of the phonetic piece V2 immediately thereafter to expand the target section WA to the adjustment section WB of the time length LB. As described with reference to FIG. 5, the preparation process pB1, in which pronunciation is maintained through a portion of the oral cavity or the nasal cavity, is included in the phoneme section S2 corresponding to the phoneme of the type C1b. For this reason, in the second insertion process of step SA4, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 inserts a time series of a plurality of unit data UA, in which unit data UA (the shaded portions of FIG. 11) of the frame at the endmost part of the phonetic piece V1 are repeatedly arranged, as the intermediate section MB. Consequently, the synthesized phonetic piece data DB created through the second insertion process at step SA4, are constituted by a time series of N unit data UB in which the respective unit data UA of the phoneme section S2 of the phonetic piece V1, a plurality of unit data UA at the endmost part of the phoneme section S2, and the respective unit data UA of the phoneme section S1 of the phonetic piece V2 are arranged in order.
In a case in which the target phoneme belongs to the first type C1 (C1a and C1b) as described above, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 inserts the intermediate section M (MA and MB) between the phoneme section S2 at the rear of the phonetic piece V1 and the phoneme section S1 at the front of the phonetic piece V2 to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB of the adjustment section WB. Meanwhile, the frame at the endmost part of the preparation process pA1 (the phoneme section S2 of the phonetic piece V1) of the phoneme belonging to the type C1a is almost silence, and therefore, in a case in which the target phoneme belongs to the type C1a, it is also possible to carry out a second insertion process of inserting a time series of unit data UA of the frame at the endmost part of the phoneme section S2 as the intermediate section MB in the same manner as step SA4.
In a case in which the target phoneme belongs to the second type C2 (SA1: NO and SA3: NO), the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 carries out an expansion process of expanding the target section WA, so that an expansion rate of the central part in the time axis direction of the target section WA of the target phoneme is higher than that of the front part and the rear part of the target section WA (the central part of the target section WA is much more expanded than the front part and the rear part of the target section WA), to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB of the adjustment section WB of the time length LB (SA5).
FIG. 12 is a graph showing a time-based correspondence relationship between the adjustment section WB (horizontal axis) after expansion through the expansion process of step SA5 and the target section WA (vertical axis) before expansion. Each time point in the target section WA corresponding to each frame in the adjustment section WB is indicated by a black spot. As shown in FIG. 12 as a trajectory z1 (a broken line) and a trajectory z2 (a solid line), each frame in the adjustment section WB corresponds to a time point in the target section WA. Specifically, a frame of the start point tBs of the adjustment section WB corresponds to a frame of the start point tAs of the target section WA, and a frame of the end point tBe of the adjustment section WB corresponds to a frame of the end point tAe of the target section WA. Also, a frame of the central point tBc of the adjustment section WB corresponds to a frame of the central point tAc of the target section WA. Unit data UA corresponding to each frame in the adjustment section WB are created based on unit data UA at the time point corresponding to the frame in the target section WA.
Hereinafter, the time length (distance on the time axis) in the target section WA corresponding to a predetermined unit time in the adjustment section WB will be expressed as progress velocity ν. That is, the progress velocity ν is velocity at which each frame in the target section WA corresponding to each frame in the adjustment section WB is changed according to passage of time in the adjustment section WB. Consequently, in a section in which the progress velocity ν is 1 (for example, the front part and the rear part of the adjustment section WB), each frame in the target section WA and each frame in the adjustment section WB correspond to each other one to one, and, in a section in which the progress velocity ν is 0 (for example, the central part in the adjustment section WB), a plurality of frames in the adjustment section WB correspond to a single frame in the target section WA (that is, the frame in the target section WA is not changed according to passage of time in the adjustment section WB).
A graph showing time-based change of the progress velocity ν in the adjustment section WB is also shown in FIG. 12. As shown in FIG. 12, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 makes each frame in the adjustment section WB correspond to each frame in the target section WA so that the progress velocity ν from the start point tBs to the central point tBc of the adjustment section WB is decreased from 1 to 0, and the progress velocity ν from the central point tBc to the end point tBe of the adjustment section WB is increased from 0 to 1.
Specifically, the progress velocity ν is maintained at 1 from the start point tBs to a specific time point tB1 of the adjustment section WB, is then decreased over time from the time point tB1, and reaches 0 at the central point tBc of the adjustment section WB. After the central point tBc, the progress velocity ν is changed in a trajectory obtained by reversing the section from the start point tBs to the central point tBc with respect to the central point tBc in the time axis direction in line symmetry. As the result that the progress velocity ν is increased and decreased as above, the target section WA is expanded so that an expansion rate of the central part in the time axis direction of the target section WA of the target phoneme is higher than that of the front part and the rear part of the target section WA as previously described.
As shown in FIG. 12, a change rate (tilt) of the progress velocity ν is changed (lowered) at a specific time point tB2 between the time point tB1 and the central point tBc. The time point tB2 corresponds to a time point at which a half of the time length (LA/2) of the target section WA from the start point tBs elapses. The time point tB1 is a time point which is short of the time point tB2 by time length α·(LA/2). The variable α is selected within a range of between 0 and 1. In order that the central point tBc of the adjustment section WB and the central point tAc of the target section WA correspond to each other, it is necessary for a triangle γ1 and a triangle γ2 of FIG. 12 to have the same area, progress velocity νREF at the time point tB1 is selected according to the variable α so as to satisfy the above conditions.
As can be understood from FIG. 12, as the variable α approaches 1, the time point tB1, at which the progress velocity ν in the adjustment section WB, starts to be lowered, gets close to the start point tBs. That is, in a case in which the variable α is set to 1, the progress velocity ν is decreased from the start point tBs of the adjustment section WB, and, in a case in which the variable α is set to 0 (tB1=tB2), the progress velocity ν is discontinuously changed from 1 to 0 at the time point tB2. That is, the variable α is a numerical value deciding wideness and narrowness of a section to be expanded of the target section WA (for example, the entirety of the target section WA is uniformly expanded as the variable α approaches 1). The trajectory z1 shown by the broken line in FIG. 12 denotes correspondence between the adjustment section WB and the target section WA in a case in which the variable α is set to 0, and the trajectory z2 shown by the solid line in FIG. 12 denotes correspondence between the adjustment section WB and the target section WA in a case in which the variable α is set to a numerical value between 0 and 1 (for example, 0.75).
FIG. 13 is a flow chart showing the expansion process carried out at step SA5 of FIG. 9. Upon commencing the expansion process, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 determines whether or not the target phoneme is a voiced sound (in case of considering that the process of FIG. 9 is carried out with respect to a consonant, whether or not the target phoneme is a voiced consonant) (SB1). In a case in which the target phoneme is a voiced sound (SB1: YES), the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 expands the target section WA, so that the adjustment section WB and the target section WA satisfy a relationship of the trajectory z1, to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB of the adjustment section WB (SB2). Hereinafter, a concrete example of step SB2 will be described in detail.
First, as shown in FIG. 14, it is assumed that the target section WA includes an odd number (2K+1) of frames FA[1] to FA[2K+1]. A case (K=3) in which the target section WA includes 7 frames FA[1] to FA[7] is illustrated in FIG. 14. The target section WA is divided into a frame FA[K+1] corresponding to a time point tAc of the central point thereof, a front part σ1 including K frames FA[1] to FA[K] before the time point tAc, and a rear part σ2 including K frames FA[K+2] to FA[2K+1] after the time point tAc. The phonetic piece adjustment part 26 creates a time series of N unit data UB (frames FB[1] to FB[N]), in which a time series of unit data UA of K frames FA[1] to FA[K] of the front part ρ1 of (2K+1) unit data UA of the target phonetic piece, a time series of unit data UA of the frame FA[K+1] corresponding to the central point tAc, which is repeated a plurality of times, and a time series of unit data UA of K frames FA[K+2] to FA[2K+1] of the rear part σ2 are arranged in order, as synthesized phonetic piece data DB.
Next, as shown in FIG. 15, it is assumed that the target section WA includes an even number (2K) of frames FA[1] to FA[2K]. A case (K=3) in which the target section WA includes 6 frames FA[1] to FA[6] is illustrated in FIG. 15. The target section WA including an even number of frames FA is divided into a front part of including K frames FA[1] to FA[K] and a rear part σ2 including K frames FA[K−1] to FA[2K]. A frame FA[K+0.5] corresponding to the central point tAc of the target section WA does not exist. For this reason, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 creates unit data UA corresponding to the frame FA[K+0.5] of the central point tAc of the target section WA using unit data UA, of a frame FA[K] just before the central point tAc and unit data UA of a frame FA[K+1] just after the central point tAc.
As previously described, unit data UA of a voiced sound include envelope data R and spectrum data Q. The envelope data R can be interpolated between the frames for respective variables r1 to r4. On the other hand, a spectrum indicated by the spectrum data Q is changed moment by moment for every frame with the result that, in a case in which the spectrum data Q are interpolated between the frames, a spectrum having characteristics different from those of the spectrum before interpolation may be calculated. That is, it is difficult to properly interpolate the spectrum data Q.
In consideration of the above problems, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 of the first embodiment calculates the envelope data R of the unit data UA of the frame FA[K+0.5] of the central point tAc of the target section WA by interpolating the respective variables r1 to r4 of the envelope data R between the frame FA[K] just before the central point tAc and the frame FA[K+1] just after the central point tAc. For example, in an illustration of FIG. 15, envelope data R of unit data UA of a frame FA[3.5] are created through interpolation of envelope data R of a frame FA[3] and envelope data R of a frame FA[4]. For example, various kinds of interpolation processes, such as linear interpolation, are arbitrarily adopted to interpolate the envelope data R.
Also, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 appropriates the spectrum data Q of the unit data UA of the frame FA[K+1] just after the central point tAc of the target section WA (or the spectrum data Q of the frame FA[K] just before the central point tAc of the target section WA) as the spectrum data Q of the unit data UA of the frame FA[K+0.5] corresponding to the central point tAc of the target section WA. For example, in an illustration of FIG. 15, spectrum data Q of unit data UA of a frame FA[4] (or the frame FA[3]) are selected as spectrum data Q of unit data UA of a frame FA[3.5]. As can be understood from the above description, the synthesized phonetic piece data DB created by the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 include N unit data UB (frames FB[1] to FB[N]), in which a time series of unit data UA of K frames FA[1] to FA[K] of the front part σ1 of 2K unit data UA of the target phonetic piece, a time series of unit data UA of the frame FA[K+0.5] created through interpolation, which is repeated a plurality of times, and a time series of unit data UA of K frames FA[K+1] to FA[2K] of the rear part σ2 are arranged in order.
On the other hand, in a case in which the target phoneme is an unvoiced sound (SB1: NO), the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 expands the target section WA, so that the adjustment section WB and the target section WA satisfy a relationship of the trajectory z2, to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB of the adjustment section WB (SB3). As previously described, the unit data UA of the unvoiced sound include the spectrum data Q but do not include the envelope data R. The phonetic piece adjustment part 26 selects unit data UA of a frame nearest the trajectory z2 with respect to the respective frames in the adjustment section WB of a plurality of frames constituting the target section WA as unit data UB of each of N frames of the adjustment section WB to create synthesized phonetic piece data DB including N unit data UB.
A time point tAn in the target section WA corresponding to an arbitrary frame FB[n] of the adjustment section WB is shown in FIG. 16. In case in which a frame of the time point tAn satisfying a relationship of the trajectory z2 with respect to the frame FB[n] of the adjustment section WB does not exist in the target section WA, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 selects unit data UA of a frame FA nearest the time point tAn in the target section WA as unit data UB of the frame FB[n] of the adjustment section WB without interpolation of the unit data UA. That is, unit data UA of the frame FA near the time point tAn, i.e. the frame FA[m] just before the time point tAn in the target section WA or the frame FA[m+1] just after the time point tAn in the target section WA, is selected as unit data UB of the frame FB[n] of the synthesized phonetic piece data DB. Consequently, a correspondence relationship between each frame in the adjustment section WB and each frame in the target section WA is a relationship of a trajectory z2a expressed by a broken line along the trajectory z2.
As described above, in the first embodiment, an expansion rate is changed in a target section WA corresponding to a phoneme of a consonant, and therefore, it is possible to synthesize an aurally natural voice as compared with Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H7-129193 in which the expansion rate is uniformly maintained within a range of a phonetic piece.
Also, in the first embodiment, an expansion method is changed according to types C1a, C1b and C2 of phonemes of consonants, and therefore, it is possible to expand each phoneme without excessively changing characteristics (particularly, a section important when a listener distinguishes a phoneme) of each phoneme.
For example, for a phoneme (a plosive sound or an affricate) of the type C1a, an intermediate section MA of silence is inserted between a preparation process pA1 and a pronunciation process pA2, and therefore, it is possible to expand a target section WA while little changing characteristics of the pronunciation process pA2, which are particularly important when a listener distinguishes a phoneme. In the same manner, for a phoneme (a liquid sound or a nasal sound) of the type C1b, an intermediate section MB, in which the final frame of a preparation process pB1 is repeated, is inserted between a preparation process pB1 and a pronunciation process pB2, and therefore, it is possible to expand a target section WA while little changing characteristics of the pronunciation process pB2, which are particularly important when distinguishing a phoneme. For a phoneme (a fricative sound or a semivowel) of the second type C2, a target section WA is expanded so that an expansion rate of the central part of a target section WA of the target phoneme is higher than that of the front part and the rear part of the target section WA, and therefore, it is possible to expand the target section WA without excessively changing characteristics of the front part or the rear part, which are particularly important when a listener distinguishes a phoneme.
Also, in the expansion process of a phoneme of the second type C2, for spectrum data Q, which are difficult to interpolate, spectrum data Q of unit data UA in phonetic piece data DA are applied to synthesized phonetic piece data DB, and, for envelope data R, envelope data R calculated through interpolation of frames before and after the central point tAc in a target section WA are included in unit data UB of the synthesized phonetic piece data DB. Consequently, it is possible to synthesize an aurally natural voice as compared with a construction in which envelope data R are not interpolated.
Meanwhile, for example, a method of calculating envelope data R of each frame in an adjustment section WB so that the envelope data R follow a trajectory z1 through interpolation and of selecting spectrum data Q so that the spectrum data Q follow a trajectory z2 from phonetic piece data D (hereinafter, referred to as a ‘comparative example’) may be assumed as a method of expanding a phoneme of a voiced consonant. In the method of the comparative example, however, characteristics of the envelope data R and the spectrum data Q are different from each other with the result that a synthesized sound may be aurally unnatural. In the first embodiment, each piece of unit data of the synthesized phonetic piece data DB is created so that both the envelope data R and the spectrum data Q follow the trajectory z2, and therefore, it is possible to synthesize an aurally natural voice as compared with the comparative example. However, it is not intended that the comparative example is excluded from the scope of the present invention.
B: Second Embodiment
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Meanwhile, elements of embodiments which will be described below equal in operation or function to those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals used in the above description, and a detailed description thereof will be properly omitted.
In the first embodiment, in a case in which the target phoneme is an unvoiced sound, unit data UA of a frame satisfying a relationship of the trajectory z2 with respect to each frame in the adjustment section WB of a plurality of frames constituting the target section WA are selected. In the construction of the first embodiment, unit data UA of a frame in the target section WA are repeatedly selected over a plurality of frames (repeated sections τ of FIG. 16) in the adjustment section WB. However, a synthesized sound, created by synthesized phonetic piece data DB in which a piece of unit data UA is repeated, may be artificial and unnatural. The second embodiment is provided to reduce unnaturalness of a synthesized sound caused by repetition of a piece of unit data UA.
FIG. 17 is a view illustrating the operation of a phonetic piece adjustment part 26 of the second embodiment. In a case in which the target phoneme is an unvoiced sound (SB1: NO), the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 carries out the following process with respect to each FB[n] of N frames in the adjustment section WB to create N unit data UB corresponding to each frame.
First, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 selects a frame FA nearest a time point tAn corresponding to a frame FB[n] in the adjustment section WB of a plurality of frames FA of the target section WA in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and, as shown in FIG. 17, calculates an envelope line ENV of a spectrum indicated by spectrum data Q of the unit data UA of the selected frame FA. Subsequently, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 calculates a spectrum q of a voice component in which a predetermined noise component μ randomly changing moment by moment on a time axis is adjusted based on the envelope line ENV. A white noise, the intensity of which is almost uniformly maintained on a frequency axis over a wide area, is preferable as the noise component μ. The spectrum q is calculated, for example, by multiplying the spectrum of the noise component μ by envelope line ENV. The phonetic piece adjustment part 26 creates unit data UA including spectrum data Q indicating the spectrum q as the unit data UB of the frame FB[n] in the adjustment section WB.
As described above, in the second embodiment, in a case in which the target phoneme is an unvoiced sound, a frequency characteristic (envelope line ENV) of the spectrum prescribed by the unit data UA, of the target section WA is added to the noise component μ to create unit data UB of the synthesized phonetic piece data DB. The intensity of the noise component μ at each frequency is randomly changed on the time axis every second, and therefore, characteristics of the synthesized sound is changed moment by moment over time (every frame) even in a case in which a piece of unit data UA in the target section WA is repeatedly selected over a plurality of frames in the adjustment section WB. According to the second embodiment, therefore, it is possible to reduce unnaturalness of a synthesized sound caused by repetition of a piece of unit data UA as compared with the first embodiment in addition to the same effects as the first embodiment.
C: Third Embodiment
As also described in the second embodiment, for an unvoiced consonant, a piece of unit data UA of the target section WA can be repeated over a plurality of frames in the adjustment section WB. On the other hand, each frame of the unvoiced consonant is basically an unvoiced sound but a frame of a voiced sound may be mixed. In a case in which a frame of a voiced sound is repeated in a synthesized sound of the phoneme of the unvoiced consonant, a periodic noise (a buzzing sound) which is very harsh to the ear may be pronounced. The third embodiment is provided to solve the above problems.
A phonetic piece adjustment part 26 of the third embodiment selects unit data UA of a frame corresponding to the central point tAc in a target section WA with respect to each frame in a repetition section τ continuously corresponding to a frame in the target section WA at a trajectory z2 of an adjustment section WB. Subsequently, the phonetic piece adjustment part 26 calculates an envelope line ENV of a spectrum indicating spectrum data Q of a piece of unit data UA corresponding to the central point tAc of the target section WA and creates unit data UA including spectrum data Q of a spectrum in which a predetermined noise component μ is adjusted based on the envelope line ENV as unit data UB of each frame in the repetition section τ of the adjustment section WB. That is, the envelope line ENV of the spectrum is common to a plurality of frames in the repetition section τ. Meanwhile, the reason that the unit data UA corresponding to the central point tAc of the target section WA are selected as a calculation source of the envelope line ENV is that the unvoiced consonant can be stably and easily pronounced in the vicinity of the central point tAc of the target section WA (there is a strong possibility of an unvoiced sound).
The third embodiment also has the same effects as the first embodiment. Also, in the third embodiment, unit data UB of each frame in the repetition section τ are created using the envelope line ENV specified from a piece of unit data UA (particularly, unit data UA corresponding to the central point tAc) in the target section WA, and therefore, a possibility of a frame of a voiced sound being repeated in a synthesized sound of a phoneme of an unvoiced consonant is reduced. Consequently, it is possible to restrain the occurrence of a periodic noise caused by repetition of the frame of the voiced sound.
D: Modifications
Each of the above embodiments may be modified in various ways. Hereinafter, concrete modifications will be illustrated. Two or more modifications arbitrarily selected from the following illustration may be appropriately combined.
(1) Although different methods of expanding the target section WA are used according to types C1a, C1b and C2 of phonemes of consonants in each of the above embodiments, it is also possible to expand the target section WA of a phoneme of each type using a common method. For example, it is also possible to expand a target section WA of a phoneme of a type C1a or a type C1b using an expansion process for expanding the target section WA (step SA5 of FIG. 9) so that an expansion rate of the central part of the target section WA of the target phoneme is higher than that of the front part and the rear part of the target section WA.
(2) The expansion process carried out at step SA5 of FIG. 9 may be properly changed. For example, in a case in which the target phoneme is a voiced sound (SB1: YES), it is also possible to expand the target section WA so that each frame of the adjustment section WB and each frame of the target section WA satisfy a relationship of the trajectory z2. The envelope shape parameter R of the unit data UB of each frame in the adjustment section WB is created through interpolation of the respective unit data UA in the target section WA between the frames, and the spectrum data Q of the unit data UA in the target section WA are selected as the spectrum data Q in the unit data U13. Also, in a case in which the target phoneme is an unvoiced sound (SB1: NO), it is also possible to expand the target section WA so that each frame of the adjustment section WB and each frame of the target section WA satisfy a relationship of the trajectory z1.
(3) In the second insertion process of the above described embodiments, the intermediate section MB is generated by repeatedly arranging unit data UA of the last frame of the phonetic piece V1 (hatched portion of FIG. 11). It is expedient to freely change a position (frame) of the unit data UA on the time axis, the unit data UA being used for generation of the intermediate section MB in the second insertion process. For example, it is possible to generate the intermediate section MB by repeatedly arranging the unit data UA of the top frame of the phonetic piece V2. As understood from the above examples, the second insertion process includes a process for inserting an intermediate section which is obtained by repeatedly arranging a specific frame or frames of the first phonetic piece V1 or the second phonetic piece V2.
(4) Although the envelope line ENV of the spectrum indicated by a piece of unit data UA selected from the target section WA is used to adjust the noise component μ in the second embodiment, it is also possible to adjust the noise component μ based on an envelope line ENV calculated through interpolation between the frames. For example, in a case in which a frame of the time point tAn satisfying a relationship of the trajectory z1 with respect to the frame FB[n] of the adjustment section WB does not exist in the target section WA, as described with reference to FIG. 16, an envelope line ENV[m] of the spectrum indicated by the unit data UA of the frame FA[m] just before the time point tAn and an envelope line ENV[m+1] of the spectrum indicated by the unit data UA of the frame FA[m+1] just after the time point tAn are interpolated to create an envelope line ENV of the time point tAn, and the noise component μ is adjusted based on the envelope line after interpolation in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
(5) The form of the phonetic piece data DA or the synthesized phonetic piece data DB is optional. For example, although a time series of unit data U indicating a spectrum of each frame of the phonetic piece V is used as the phonetic piece data DA in each of the above embodiments, it is also possible to use a sample series of the phonetic piece V on the time axis as the phonetic piece data DA.
(6) Although the storage unit 14 for storing the phonetic piece data group GA is mounted on the voice synthesis apparatus 100 in each of the above embodiments, there may be another configuration in which an external device (for example, a server device) independent from the voice synthesis apparatus 100 stores the phonetic piece data group GA. In such a case, the voice synthesis apparatus 100 (the phoneme piece selection part 22) acquires the phonetic piece V (phonetic piece data DA) from the external device through, for example, communication network so as to generate the voice signal VOUT. In similar manner, it is possible to store the synthesis information GB in an external device independent from the voice synthesis apparatus 100. As understood from the above description, a device such as the aforementioned storage unit 14 for storing the phonetic piece data DA and the synthesis information GB is not an indispensable element of the voice synthesis apparatus 100.

## Claims

1. An apparatus for synthesizing a voice signal using a plurality of phonetic piece data each indicating a phonetic piece which contains at least two phoneme sections corresponding to different phonemes, the apparatus comprising;
a voice synthesis processor configured to produce a voice signal for output of a sound wave from a sound output unit, wherein the voice synthesis processor includes
a phonetic piece adjustment part that forms a target section from a first phonetic piece and a second phonetic piece so as to connect the first phonetic piece and the second phonetic piece to each other such that the target section is formed of a rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece corresponding to a consonant phoneme and a front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece corresponding to the consonant phoneme, and that carries out an expansion process for expanding the target section by a target time length to form an adjustment section such that a central part of the target section is expanded at an expansion rate higher than that of a front part and a rear part of the target section, to thereby create synthesized phonetic piece data of the adjustment section having the target time length and corresponding to the consonant phoneme; and
a voice synthesis part that creates a voice signal from the synthesized phonetic piece data created by the phonetic piece adjustment part,

wherein the phonetic piece adjustment part carries out the expansion process in case that the consonant phoneme of the target section belongs to one type including fricative sound and semivowel sound, and carries out another expansion process in case that the consonant phoneme of the target section belongs to another type including plosive sound, affricate sound, nasal sound and liquid sound for inserting an intermediate section between the rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece and the front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece in the target section.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the phonetic piece adjustment part inserts a silence section as the intermediate section between the rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece and the front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece in case that the consonant phoneme of the target section is plosive sound or affricate sound.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the phonetic piece adjustment part inserts the intermediate section containing repetition of a frame selected from the rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece or the front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece in case that the consonant phoneme of the target section is nasal sound or liquid sound.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the phonetic piece adjustment part inserts the intermediate section containing repetition of the last frame of the rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the phonetic piece adjustment part inserts the intermediate section containing repetition of the top frame of the front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece.

6. A method of synthesizing a voice signal using a processor configured to process a plurality of phonetic piece data each indicating a phonetic piece which contains at least two phoneme sections corresponding to different phonemes and outputting the voice signal in the form of a sound wave from a sound output unit, the method comprising the acts of;
forming using the processor a target section from a first phonetic piece and a second phonetic piece so as to connect the first phonetic piece and the second phonetic piece to each other such that the target section is formed of a rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece corresponding to a consonant phoneme and a front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece corresponding to the consonant phoneme;
carrying out an expansion process for expanding the target section by a target time length to form an adjustment section such that a central part of the target section is expanded at an expansion rate higher than that of a front part and a rear part of the target section, to thereby create synthesized phonetic piece data of the adjustment section having the target time length and corresponding to the consonant phoneme;
creating a voice signal from the synthesized phonetic piece data created by the phonetic piece adjustment part, and
forwarding the voice signal to a sound output unit for generating a sound wave corresponding to the voice signal,
wherein the phonetic piece data comprises a plurality of unit data corresponding to a plurality of frames arranged on a time axis,
wherein in case that the target section corresponds to an consonant phoneme of the target section belongs to one type including fricative sound and semivowel sound, and carries out another expansion process in case that the consonant phoneme of the target section belongs to another type including plosive sound, affricate sound, nasal sound and liquid sound for inserting an intermediate section between the rear phoneme section of the first phonetic piece and the front phoneme section of the second phonetic piece in the target section, and
wherein velocity, at which each frame in the target section corresponding to each frame in the adjustment section is changed according to passage of time in the adjustment section, is decreased from a front part to a central point of the adjustment section and increased from the central point to a rear part of the adjustment section.