A System for Fire Safety

Evaluation for Multifamiiy Housing

*

4

'

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Washington, DC 20234

September 1982

Interim Report

Ted for: lepartment of Housing and Urban Development

lington, DC 20410

NBSIR 82-2562

A SYSTEM FOR FIRE SAFETY

EVALUATION FOR MULTIFAMILY HOUSING

National Bureau of Standards

Library, E-01 Admin. Bldg.

OCT 2 5 1982

a 0

H. E. Nelson and A. J. Shibe

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Washington, DC 20234

September 1982

Interim Report

Prepared for: The Department of Housing and Urban Development

Washington, DC 20410

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
IJ
PREFACE

This report describes a new Fire Safety Evaluation System for Multifamily

Housing, developed specifically to identify alternative combinations of widely

accepted fire protection systems and building design features that provide a

level of fire safety equivalent to that required by the HUD Minimum Property

Standards, March 1980. This work is an extension of research conducted by the

Center for Fire Research with support from the Department of Health and Human

Services towards development of a Fire Safety Evaluation System for Health

Care Facilities,

The Design Concepts Research Group, Center for Fire Research, National

Engineering Laboratory, National Bureau of Standards, performed the research

described in this report under the sponsorship of the Department of Housing

and Urban Development.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE 11

LIST OF FIGURES v

ABSTRACT 1

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. SCOPE 3

3. PURPOSE 3

4. EQUIVALENCY CONCEPT 4

5. PROJECT METHODOLOGY 5

6 . SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 7

6.1 Capabilities and Limitations 7 6.2 Safety Parameters 9

6.3 Safety Parameters Evaluation 11

6.4 Redundant Safety Subsystem 11

6.5 Calibrating the System to the Minimum

Property Standards

7. COMPUTER ANALYSIS 14

8 . FIRE SAFETY EVALUATION WORKSHEET FOR

MULTIFAMILY HOUSING 15

9. SUMMARY 16

10. REFERENCES 86

APPENDIX A - NBS Delphi Group 87

APPENDIX B - Peer Group 93

APPENDIX C - Computer Program 97

APPENDIX D - Instructional Manual

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1. Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheets 17

Figure 2. Safety Parameters 24

Figure 3. Safety Parameter Matrix 25

Figure 4a. MPS Requirements Multifamily Housing

3 story - > 8 units floor 26

Figure 4b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Multifamily Housing

j< 3 story - > 8 units floor 27

Figure 5a. MPS Requirements Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor 28

Figure 5b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor 29

Figure 6a. MPS Requirements Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor 30

Figure 6b. Mandatory Safety Requirement Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor 31

Figure 7a. MPS Requirements Multifamily Housing

j< 3 story - 8 units/floor 32

Figure 7b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Multifamily Housing

_< 3 story - 8 units/floor 33

Figure 8a. MPS Requirements Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - 8 units/floor 34

Figure 8b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - ^ 8 units/floor 35

Figure 9a. MPS Requirements Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - 8 units/floor 36

Figure 9b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - £ 8 units/floor 37

Figure 10a. MPS Requirements Housing for the Elderly

_< 3 story - > 8 units/floor 38

Figure 10b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Housing for the Elderly

3 story - > 8 units/floor 39

V
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

Page

Figure 11a. MPS Requirements Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor ^0

Figure 11b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor

Figure 12a. MPS Requirements Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor 42

Figure 12b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor 43

Figure 13a. MPS Requirements Housing for the Elderly

_< 3 story - ^ 8 units/floor

Figure 13b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Housing for the Elderly

_< 3 story - £ 8 units/floor ^5

Figure 14a. MPS Requirements Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - ^ 8 units/floor

Figure 14b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - ^ 8 units/floor

Figure 15a, MPS Requirements Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - 8 units/floor

Figure 15b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - ^ 8 units/floor

Figure 16a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

£ 3 story - > 8 units/floor 50

Figure 16b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

£ 3 story - > 8 units/floor 51

Figure 17a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - > 8 units/ floor 52

Figure 17b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor 53

Figure 18a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor 54

Figure 18b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor 55

vi
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

Page

Figure 19a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

1-2 story - < 8 units/floor 56

Figure 19b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

1-2 story - < 8 units/floor . . 57

Figure 20a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

3 story - < 8 units/floor 58

Figure 20b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

3 story - < 8 units/floor 59

Figure 21a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - £ 8 units/floor 60

Figure 21b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - 8 units/floor 61

Figure 22a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - < 8 units/floor 62

Figure 22b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - < 8 units/floor 63

Figure 23a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

< 3 story - > 8 units/floor 64

Figure 23b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Housing for the

Elderly < 3 story - > 8 units/floor 65

Figure 24a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor 66

Figure 24b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Housing for the

Elderly 4-6 story - > 8 units/floor 67

Figure 25a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - < 8 units/floor 68

Figure 25b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Housing for the

Elderly > 6 story - < 8 units/floor 69

Figure 26a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

1-2 story - < 8 units/floor 70

Figure 26b

.

Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Housing for the

Elderly 1-2 story - < 8 units/floor 71

vii
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

Page

Figure 27a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

3 story - 8 units/floor 72

Figure 27b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Housing for the

Elderly 3 story - ^ 8 units/floor 73

Figure 28a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - 8 units/floor 74

Figure 28b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Housing for the

Elderly 4-6 story - £ 8 units/floor 75

Figure 29a. MPS Requirements Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor 76

Figure 29b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Rehab. Housing for the

Elderly > 6 story - > 8 units/floor 77

Figure 30a. MPS Requirements Existing Multifamily and Housing for

the Elderly 1-2 story 78

Figure 30b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly 1-2 story 79

Figure 31a. MPS Requirements Existing Multifamily and Housing for

the Elderly 3 story 80

Figure 31b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly 3 story 81

Figure 32a. MPS Requirements Existing Multifamily and Housing for

the Elderly 4-6 story 82

Figure 32b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly 4-6 story 83

Figure 33a. MPS Requirements Existing Multifamily and Housing for

the Elderly > 6 story 84

Figure 33b. Mandatory Safety Requirements Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly > 6 story 85

viii
A SYSTEM FOR FIRE SAFETY EVALUATION OF MULTIFAMILY HOUSING

An Interim Report

H, E, Nelson and A, J, Shibe

Abstract

A qualitative evaluation system for grading raultifamlly housing in terms

of fire safety has been developed and is ready for testing in Department of

Housing and Urban Development field offices. The system is designed to be

used to identify various combinations of widely accepted fire safety equipment

and building construction features that provide a level of safety equal to or

greater than that achieved by strict conformance to the explicit requirements

of the HUD Minimum Property Standards. In this evaluation, equivalent safety

performance is gauged in terms of overall level of safety provided rather than

by a component by component comparison,

1 . INTRODUCTION

Identifying levels of safety in existing buildings and providing costeffective minimum levels of fire safety in multifamily residences are major

concerns of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Rising construction and operating costs, coupled with more stringent building codes, are

forcing the builders of multifamily residences to assess carefully the

alternative means by which they may design, construct, or rehabilitate their

buildings

.

- 1 -
The National Bureau of Standards, Center for Fire Research, with support

from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), has previously

developed a method for determining how combinations of several widely accepted

fire safety practices could be used to provide a level of safety equivalent to

that required by the Life Safety Code promulgated by the National Fire

Protection Association (NFPA), The method is called the Fire Safety Evaluation System for Health Care Facilities. A detailed description can be found

in H. E. Nelson and A, J. Shibe, "A System for Fire Safety Evaluation of

Health Care Facilities", NBSIR-78-1 555-1 [1]*. HHS has adopted that system in

their fire safety requirements for institutions receiving funds for the

support of Medicaid and Medicare clients. The NFPA has included the system as

part of the 1981 Life Safety Code [2]. The system described in this document

is an extension of the concepts used in the health care facility system.

The Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) standard criteria

for multifamily residences are stipulated in the "Minimum Property Standards

for Multifamily Housing" (MPS) [3]. The MPS identify minimum levels of fire

safety in new buildings designed or built with financial support from HUD.

While the MPS prescribe specific approaches to fire safety in new multifamily

buildings, they also allow "equivalent" solutions. But, the MPS neither

define alternative approaches nor provide a mechanism for evaluating equivalency among the alternatives. For rehabilitation construction and for

existing buildings, the MPS do not provide specific fire safety criteria but

give general guidance on how to achieve the desired levels of fire safety.

Numbers in brackets refer to literature references listed at the end of

this paper.

-2-
The remainder of this report describes a new Fire Safety Evaluation

System (FSES) for Multifamily Housing developed specifically to determine

alternative combinations of widely accepted fire safety systems and arrangements that provide a level of safety equivalent to that required by the 1980

MPS. The system is intended to evaluate designs for proposed new buildings,

for renovation of existing buildings, or for existing buildings as they stand.

2. SCOPE

This evaluation system applies to multifamily residences only. The total

system covers all aspects of building fire safety currently covered by the

MPS, A few of the items related to built-in utility systems and to roofs and

balconies have been excluded from the grading portion of the system. An

attachment to the basic evaluation system provides separate consideration for

these items. In order to demonstrate equivalent fire safety, the building

must both satisfy the requirements in this attachment and equal or excel the

minimum point scores in the grading portion of the evaluation system,

3. PURPOSE

The purpose of the evaluation system is to provide a rationally based

mechanism applicable to multifamily facilities for:

a. Evaluating an existing facility to determine how the actual

level of fire safety in that facility compares with the level

of fire safety that would be provided by strict conformance to

the requirements of the 1980 MPS.

-3 -
b. Evaluating various alternative approaches available to upgrade

an existing facility to a level of fire safety that meets or

exceeds the level prescribed by the MPS.

c. Evaluating a proposed new facility design to determine how its

level of fire safety would compare to that required for such a

facility by the MPS,

4. EQUIVALENCY CONCEPT

The evaluation system provides a method for determining the design

features needed to provide equivalence to the 1980 MPS. Equivalency, for the

purpose of the system, is judged by comparing the total fire safety level

prescribed by the MPS for multifamily facilities to the actual safety level in

a particular design or an actual facility.

Equivalency determination is based on the concept that, while the MPS

documents do not include a specific statement of the level of safety provided,

it is possible by examining the MPS requirements to impute one. This Imputed

level becomes a base line for comparing the level of safety provided by

conformance to MPS requirements with the level of safety provided by alternative systems of safeguards. This comparison is made on the basis of the

total safety performance of the building, including all of its safeguards,

without making direct comparisons between a specific standard requirement for

an element and the corresponding element as it exists in the building.

-4-
Evaluation of equivalency of fire safety Involves consideration of two

separate concepts:

a. General Fire Safety Requirement - the ability of the building

and its fire protection systems to provide measures of general

safety commensurate with MPS requirements,

b. Safety Redundancy - in-depth (redundant) protection through the

simultaneous provision* of alternative approaches to safety such

as fire control, egress, and refuge. Each approach independently provides at least a minimum level of protection. The

design of the complete fire safety system incorporating all the

alternatives is intended to ensure that the failure of a single

protection device or method will not result in a failure of the

entire system. This is further discussed in section 6,4,

5. PROJECT METHODOLOGY

Development of the fire safety evaluation system consisted of three

operations: system design, professional judgement review and critique, and

system testing,

a. System Design. This consisted of: (1) analysis of the stated

requirements of the 1980 MPS in terms of the specific functional contribution to fire safety of each MPS requirement,

(2) organization of the results of this analysis into a format

suitable for soliciting professional judgements of the

- 5 -
comparative worth of the fundamental requirements relative to

the MPS objectives for multifamily facilities, (3) development

of a computer program to evaluate alternative designs and fire

protection systems, and (4) incorporation of systems changes

resulting from the iterative professional judgement review and

system tests.

b. Professional Judgement Participation and Review. Professional

judgement input was asked and received from two different

groups: (1) an NBS group, through the mechanism of a "Delphi"

exercise (see Appendix A for description of the NBS Delphi

operation), and (2) an outside "Peer" review group (see

Appendix B). The Delphi group (an ad hoc group of fire

protection experts in the NBS Center for Fire Research) refined

the format, established initial values of the safety parameters, and provided judgement values for selecting individual

safety parameters in the redundancy evaluations. The outside

Peer group consisted of prominent persons in the field of

regulation and specification of fire safety requirements in

residential facilities. The Peer group provided broad-based

technical information and judgemental insight for improving

both the format and the final values assigned to the safety

parameters and the redundancy factors.

c. System Testing. The testing involved a series of exercises to

determine the validity of the fire evaluation system. These

exercises included both field tests of actual facilities by NBS

-6 -
personnel and computer analysis of hypothetical alternative

design systems. (The Department of Housing and Urban Development is planning to further test the system using their

engineering staff in the HUD regional offices.)

6. SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION

6.1 Capabilities and Limitations

The system that has evolved from this effort provides a means of mixing

recognized and proven fire safety systems and approaches during facility

design and then evaluating these mixes in terms of the overall fire safety

performance of the facility. The system permits comparative evaluations of

the fire risks and fire safety factors implicit in individual facilities or

designs. Those features (parameters) that are in excess of minimum safety

requirements are given appropriate credit, reflecting the degree of additional

safety provided. This is in contrast to strict adherence to MPS where no

credit is given for meeting higher safety levels than the minimum for a given

feature. The credit, however, is limited in its application to those areas of

fire safety impact where the safeguards provide credible improvements in

safety. Conversely, features that increase one or more aspects of fire risk

are appropriately charged for their detrimental impact on safety. The FSES

solution is Intended to be an assessment of total safety performance as

compared to measuring compliance with a minimum safety level. The result

provides opportunity for cost reduction, wider choice of design alternatives,

and operational flexibility at greater levels than currently available through

strict, literal compliance with the MPS requirements.

- 7 -
The Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheet (FSES) is the instrument used to

determine equivalency and is illustrated in Figure 1. The worksheet in Figure

1 is supported by a glossary, included as Appendix D in this report.

The most important limitations of the evaluation system are:

a. As presently developed the evaluation system applies only to

the 1980 MPS, although it could readily be revised to meet

changes in the MPS.

b. The results are expressed in equivalency to the level of safety

achieved by the MPS, and should not be construed as a measure

of total or absolute fire safety.

c. The system, like all existing methods for regulating or

evaluating fire safety, is only partially supported by

technical information or statistics. The professional

judgement of experts in a series of balanced peer-consensus

groups is used to bridge the gaps in reproducible, reliable

technical knowledge.

d. In general the evaluation system is limited to evaluating the

interrelationships of those fire safety methodologies and

approaches that are defined in the MPS. There is no basis in

the system for accommodating completely Innovative approaches

(such as automatic venting at the point of fire or the use of

halogenated gases as a general protection system).

- 8-
e. While the parameter measurements of the system cover built-in

structural materials and elements, space arrangement, and fire

protection systems and devices, the system does not provide

alternate approaches to meeting the MPS requirements for:

(1) Utilities such as heating, air conditioning,

electrical, and incinerator systems.

(2) Balcony and Roof Requirements.

(3) Administrative activities such as emergency plans

and fire drills.

When using the evaluation system, the additional fire safety

requirements in these areas are applied in the traditional

manner of explicit conformance with the established standards

and requirements as described and/or referenced in the MPS.

6.2 Safety Parameters

The safety parameters are measures of those building and fire protection

features that bear upon the safety of residents (and other occupants) who may

be in the building at the time of a fire.

- 9 -
The safety parameters were selected by examining the specific element

requirements of the 1980 MPS, and by evaluating the contribution of various

elements of the standard to safety. The selected safety parameters were

modified first by the MBS Delphi panel and later by the Peer group. The

selected safety parameters are shown in Figure 2, Safety Parameters.

Each of the safety parameters was analyzed. Where the current standard

requirements recognize several levels of a parameter (e.g., the MPS recognizes

seven different levels of construction), all have been included in the

matrix. In addition, conditions likely to be encountered in situations

falling to meet the explicit requirements, and conditions exceeding those

required by the code but available for Increased protection were also

listed. Figure 3 shows the final "matrix" form of the 14 selected safety

parameters, each having three to eight subdivisions.

The safety parameters are designed to constitute a complete assembly of

those basic building features for which equivalency can be expressed in

determining the level of safety in a multifamily facility. An additional

series of items required by the MPS but outside the scope of the equivalency

covered by the listed safety parameters relate primarily to building utilities, operational procedures and areas per floor (see discussion in section

6.1.e ). A companion check list covering these items has been prepared as

part of the evaluation system worksheets. This check list is included in

Figure 1 as Subfigure If.

- 10-
6.3 Safety Parameter Evaluation

A Delphi type group was established to bring the most Informed judgement

and experience together to assess the relative impact on general safety of

each of the parameters in each of the potential conditions listed.

Each member of the group was provided with copies of an initial matrix

similar to the one shown in Figure 3. Each person then evaluated the relative

importance with respect to fire safety of each item in the entire matrix of

parameters without consultation with other members of the group. The members

of the Delphi group were advised that the risk being considered covered new

and existing multifamily facilities and that the objective was a system to

measure equivalency with the safety level provided by the 1980 MPS. The value

judgements made by this group are, therefore, considered to be based on their

understanding of the character and needs of residents in multifamily facilities.

6.4 Redundant Safety Subsystems

A basic principle of the MPS is that there will be a redundancy of

protection so that the failure of a single protection device or method will

not result in failure of the entire safety system. In addition, the development of a redundant approach, as used in this safety evaluation system, avoids

the pitfall of traditional approaches sometimes used in grading systems where

all of the elements are considered mutually exclusive of each other and a

single total score determines acceptability. It is possible under such a

system to fail to detect the absence of a critical element. The evaluation

- 11-
system establishes redundancy on the basis of in-depth coverage of principal

fire safety methodologies. The redundant methodologies used in the system are

those related to fire safety through fire control, egress, and refuge.

The redundant methodologies were chosen after examination of decision

tree approaches [4,5]. These approaches divide fire protection into

elements. Those elements related to "Manage Fire" (i.e, the control of fuel

and arrangement, compartmentation, and other mechanisms of containment of fire

and its impacts, extinguishment suppressions and other means of terminating

fire development) are incorporated into Fire Control.

"Manage Exposed" (i.e., the provision of safe location of refuge either

by evacuation or by establishment of safe areas of refuge) was subdivided into

two redundancy methodologies, egress and refuge.

Each member of the Delphi groups identified the importance of each safety

parameter relative to the separate fire safety methodologies of fire control,

egress, and refuge. These group results were processed and analyzed by

project staff at NBS and then reviewed in subsequent conference meetings of

the Delphi group. By this process, the parameters that have a significant

impact on each of the redundant methodologies were identified. It was found

that many of the parameters affect more than one of the methodologies. In the

judgement of the group, sprinklers, separations of living units, vertical

openings, and protection of hazardous areas Impact on all three. Figure Ic

shows the breakdown in terms of which parameters apply to which methodologies.

- 12-
6.5 Calibrating the System to the Minimum Property Standards

The system as developed can be used to obtain scores for four individual

safety factors. These factors are entitled general fire safety, fire control,

egress provided, and refuge provided. A minimum score defining equivalency to

the MPS for each of the four safety factors is required as the base of

reference for determining equivalency by this system. This section describes

how these minimum values were set.

The MPS provides explicit requirements for New Multifamily Housing and

for New Housing for the Elderly. The MPS, however, provides only general

guidance on how to achieve the desired fire safety levels for Rehabilitation

Multifamily Housing, Rehabilitation Housing for the Elderly, Existing

Multifamily Housing and Existing Housing for the Elderly. HUD officials who

were also members of the Peer group, translated the general guidelines into

specific requirements matching the parameters in the FSES.

For each set of specific MPS requirements, there is a corresponding set

of requirements in Table 1 (Figure lb) that corresponds to each of the 14

safety parameters. For example. Figure 4a shows the requirements for

Multifamily Housing with three or fewer stories and more than 8 units per

floor: a circle is placed in each box that corresponds to the requirements.

The mininmum values are determined by using Table 2 (Figure Ic)

.

The circled

values in Table 1 (see Figure 4a) are transferred to the appropriate unshaded

blocks in Table 2 (Figure Ic). Where the block contains a t 2, one half of

the value shown in Figure lb is entered. The four columns are each summed.

For example, the requirements in Figure 4a are transferred to Figure 4b and

- 13-
the minimum score for fire control is 5.5, for egress provided is 8, for

refuge provided is 8, and for general fire safety is 7, These minimum safety

requirements define the minimum scores for equivalence in multifamily housing

with three or fewer stories, and more than 8 units per floor.

Fire safety requirements for each set of requirements with subdivisions

for building height and number of living units were determined using this

approach. The resulting values are the basis of equivalency for each area of

requirement. The final resultant values constitute the Mandatory Safety

Requirements shown in Figures ld-1 and ld-2. The specific parameter values

and the results are shown in Figures 4 through 33. Equivalency for any

specific facility requires that the scores for the evaluated facility in each

of the four individual safety factors (i.e.. General Fire Safety, Fire

Control, Egress Provided, and Refuge Provided) equal or exceed score achieved

for the set of MPS requirements that apply to that specific type and class of

facility.

7. COMPUTER ANALYSIS

The evaluation system is theoretically capable of evaluating each of

about 3 billion combinations of the 14 safety parameters and variations (but

practical arrangements in existing buildings and future designs are of the

order of a few thousand). A computer program, described in Appendix C, was

developed for verifying the original proposed system as well as to analyze

potential proposed changes. The program can generate all alternative

combinations of parameter values (i.e., safety features) that the FSES will

indicate as equivalent to the MPS.

-14-
By using the computer program, the evaluator can review all acceptable

solutions for a given building configuration and can also be assured that

answers are not biased by individual preference. The printouts of the

building arrangements can be easily analyzed by an experienced individual to

establish acceptability of solutions. The computer generated building

configurations, based on the FSES guidelines, were used by the NBS staff and

the consultant group to compare MPS levels of safety to the FSES proposed

levels of safety.

8. FIRE SAFETY EVALUATION WORKSHEET FOR MULTIFAMILY HOUSING

All of the parameters, variables, and formulas for determining the

facility safety equivalency with the MPS are contained in a self-instructing

form. A separate manual (Appendix D) was prepared to assist in completion of

the evaluation form. The manual provides expanded discussions and definitions

of various items in the evaluation sheet to assist the surveyor or reviewer

when questions of definition, interpretations, or meaning arise.

HUD participants in this project suggested including an additional safety

parameter level for Parameter 9, "Separation of Living Units from Each Other

and from Common Spaces". This special level covers a configuration defined as

wall separations having a two-hour or greater fire resistance with any doors

in such walls being class "C" or better (fire doors having a fire resistance

rating of 45 minutes). It is Intended that the safety parameter value for

this additional parameter level is to be awarded only where the building

construction is Type 1 or Type 2a. A preliminary computer analysis shows that

parameter levels between 6 and 10 produce building configurations allowing a

- 15-
range of types of alternative systems not otherwise available. The proposed

HUD field tests may also produce a number of building configurations which

will include this type of superior separation. Based on the results of HUD

field tests and with additional computer analysis, NBS will present to the

peer group safety values for the superior separation environment for their

appraisal. After that group has made their appraisal for the appropriate

action on inclusion and safety value, NBS will recommend the necessary changes

in Table 1, "Safety Parameter Values".

9 . SUMMARY

The conclusions resulting from this study are briefly stated as follows:

a. A method has been developed and described for generating

equivalency to a specified set of occupancy safety requirements. This method is based on the articulation of levels of

building safety and on the redundancy of safeguards. This

method can provide the necessary flexibility enabling a

designer to achieve minimum cost solutions for a specified

level of safety.

b. The described method "System for Fire Safety Evaluation of

Multifamily Housing" is a specific example of an equivalency

approach. The system provides equivalency to the minimum life

safety requirements for the 1980 MPS and can be revised to

reflect later editions of the MPS.

-16 -
FIRE SAFETY EVALUATION WORKSHEET

FOR MULTIFAMILY RESIDENCES

BUILDING IDENTIFICATION

EVALUATOR DATE

Complete one worksheet for each building evaluated.

STEP 1. Complete the building identification, evaluator and date entries

above.

Figure la. Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheet
step 2. Determine Safety Parameter Values - Table 1. A. Select and circle the parameter value for each safety parameter in Table 1 that best describes the conditions in the building. Choose only one value for each of the 14 safely parameters. If two or more appear to apply, choose the one with the lowest point value.

Table 1. SAFETY PARAMETER VALUES

1. CONSTRUCTION

BUH.0ING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

ceweusTraLE amCOMMSTMlE

TrPE 4-U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3lt» TYPE 30 NT TYPE 2 U TYPE » TYPES 102a -2 0 -2 e -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 0 -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -10 -2 -4 -8 1 2

SAFETY PARdBETE* PAfMMETEA VAltlES

2. HAZAROOUS MEAS

WITHIN IIVINC UNITS OR ON EXIT ROUTE

OOUSIE OEFICIENCr -7SINGLE BEFICIENCT -4

auTSiOE imNC units

OOUSIE OEriCIENGr

-4(-7|A

SINCLE OEFICICNCV

MAWlAl AiAMR

w/0 F Q NeTIFlCATI6N »/ F 0 NOTIFIGATieN

2 3

RWKNM

ICnCBKY

3. MANDAi FIRE AtARM

-I

4. SMOKE OnECTIQN

0 AUWM

NONE

SWCIE STATION LIVING UMTS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

MTEKONNECTEO SYSTBR

LIVmG UNITS 8N1V CVMY LEVEL EVERY lEWOOH

3 4

TOTAL

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

CORRIBBRS. PUBLIC SPACES. HC

2I«|8

LWINC UMTS ONLY coomsots. RM., A posiic spaces TOTAL OWLS

t. MTEWOR FINISH

IwitliiR living hrHsI

FLAME SPREW RATW6S >7Ss700 -3

-25 = 75

7. LKHMG UNIT BOORS & OPENINGS

NO OOOR £ 20 MM

-2 1

0. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UWTIsI

SINGLE ROUTE I OOOR 1 ESCAPE I

-50’ TRAV -2

= 50' -50’ TRAV -1 -I

2 50’ TRAN aWTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION OF LWWG UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FMM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCSMPLnE

WALLS >20 I OeORS > 20 MM

-s -2 •I-?)*

WALLS S20 MM 1 NR. OOORS £20 MM.

ILLS El Ml. £20 MM. •/ AC MALLS £2M.

4S MR. w/ K

10. EXIT SYSTEM

> 2 STANOARO

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANOARO ROUTES

-OWE -2|0)E

»/g HORU

It. EXIT ACCESS 108’

-$to^

50 TOO’ M IGRO an > 25' A TMKl S:

-2

loonr

-1

SOTOS'

12. INTERIOR FINISH legress rsutesl

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

-1

2 25

OPEN SR meSMPLETE ENCLOSURE Tftflitfff THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS 1 FIR « 1 NR. £l M. -M -7 -2 1

13. VERTICAL OPENRIGS

14 SMOKE CONTROL

NS

CONTROL SM8XEPARTITION SMSNE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART t SMOKE TOWER ME«. mS&Kt MTMMTK

RV Wn/CORR.

NOTES: A Use I I il Safety Paraflieter I is based on 2-U, 3-U, or 4-U co*sti«ctio« and Ssfoty Pvamter S does eel bare a vabn of 0 ar 0. B Use |0| il Saiety ParaMetei 1 is based en 2-U, 3-U. or 4-U coRStructiOR. C This oafafNeter value to be set at a later date (7/31/811 0 - Use |0| il Salcty PaiaRteter 10 is -0.

£ - Use (0| wbert single exit is acccRtable (see 40S-(.3j.

Figure lb. Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheet

18
STEP 3. COMPUTE INDIVIDUAL SAFETY EVALUATIONS - USE TABLE 2

1. Transfer each of the 14 circled safety parameter values on Table 1 to every unshaded block in the line with the corresponding safety

parameter in Table 2. Where the block is indicated (v2) enter only

one-half the value shown in Table 1.

2. Add the four columns, keeping in mind that any negative numbers deduct.

3. Transfer the resulting values for Si, S 2 , S 3 and S 4 to table on page 3

of this worksheet.

Table 2. INDIVIDUAL SAFETY EVALUATIDNS

SAFETY PARAMETER

FME

CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROVIDED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CCmSTRUCTION

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS t2

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM 4-2 ’mm

4. SMOKE DETECTION It AURM v2 m

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS (f2)A

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

LIVING UNITS t2

7. LIVING UNIT - DDRM

DOORS & OPENIN&S

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMTIsj

•S5?!-

1

*

- "

i

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

v2

10. EXIT SYSTEM ( 2

11. EXIT ACCESS

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes)

lii

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS v2

14. SMOKE CONTROL

TOTAL Sl = $2 = 5>3 = S4 =

NOTES; A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is baseii en 2-U, 3-U er 4-tl censtmetiM.

Divide by 2 ( 72) in aH ether cases. B - Use (01 if operation of sprinkler system #oes ntt activate MMmf fire alarm system.

Figure Ic. Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheet

19
STEP 4. DETERMINE MANDATORY SAFETY REQUIREMENT VALUES - USE TABLE 3

A. Using the classification of the building (i.e.. New, Rehabilitation or

Existing) and the building height, circle the appropriate value in each

of the four columns in Table 3.

B. Transfer the circled values for S , S., S^, and S. to the blanks marked

Sa, S|^, S^, and in Table 4.

® ° Table 3A. MANDATORY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

(muKi-family heusing)

BiMLome

HEIGHT

CONTROL

REOUtieiENT

(Sal

EGRESS REOUKGDNBtT (syREFUGE nmmamn

(Sel

6BIGRM.FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENT

(Sd)

>8

UMTS/FLOOR

<8

UMTS/FLOOR

>8

UMTS/FLOOR

58

UtNTS/FLOOR

>8

UMTS/FLOOR

<8

WRTS/HGOR

>8

UMTS/FLOOR

58

UMTS/FLOOR

< 3 STORY 5.5 5.5 8 8 8 6 7 5

4-6 STORY 8 8 10 8 9 7 to 8

>6 STORY 10 10 10 8 11 9 12 10

Table 3B. MANDATORY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

(housing for the elderly)

BlHLDiNG HEIGHT

CONTROL

REQUIREMENT

(Sal

EGRESS REOUM^NT

ISbl

REFUGE

($c)

GGNBMLFIRE

SAFETY REQUMQIIIENT

|Sd)

=>*8 UMTS/FLOOR

58

UMTS/FLOOR

>8

UMTS/FLOOR

58

UMTS/FLOOR

>8

UMTS/FU9R

58

UMTS/FLOOR

>8

UMTS/FLGIR

58

UMTS/FLOOR

5 3 STORY 6.5 6.5 8 6 8 6 9 7

4-6 STORY 9 9 10 8 9 7 12 10

=-6 STORY 11 11 10 8 11 9 14 12

Figure ld-1. Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheet

20
Table 3C. MANDATORY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

(REHABILITATION MULTIFAMILY HOUSING)

BUILDING

HEIGHT

CONTROL

REQUIREMENT

(Sa)

EGRESS

REQUIREMENT

(Sb)

REFUGE

REQUIREMENT

(Sc)

GENERAL FIRE « SAFETY requirement;

(Sd)

>8

UNrrS/FLOOR

<8

UNITS/FLOOR

>8

UNITS/aOQR

<8

UNITS/FLQOR

>8

UNrrs/aooR

<8

UNfTS/FLQOR

>8

UNfTS/aOOR

<8

UNITS/aQQR

1-2 STORY 5.5 -5 5 -3 7 -4 4 -9

3 STORY 5.5 5.5 5 3 7 5 4 2

4-6 STORY 8 6 7 4 8 5 7 3

>6 STORY 10 8 7 4 10 7 9 5

Table 3D. MANDATORY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

(REHABILITATION ELDERLY HOUSING)

BUILDING

CONTROL

REQUIREMENT

(Sa)

EGRESS

REQUIREMENT

(Sb)

REFUGE

REQUIREMENT

(Sc)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENT

(Sd)

HEIGHT > 8 <8 >8 <8 >8 <8 > 8 <8

UNITS/FLOOR UNITS/aOOR UNITS/FLOOR UNITS/aOOR UNITS/FLOOR UNITS/aOOR UNITS/FLOOR UNITS/FLOOR

1-2 STORY 6.5 -4 5 -3 7 -4 6 -7

3 STORY 6.5 6.5 5 -3 7 -4 6 4

4-6 STORY 9 7 7 4 8 5 9 5

>6 STORY 11 9 7 4 10 7 H 7

Table 3E. MANDATORY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

(EXISTING MULTIFAMILY & ELDERLY HOUSING)

BUILDING

HEIGHT

CONTROL

REQUIREMENT

(Sa)

EGR

REQUIR

(S

ESS

EMENT

b)

REFUGE

REQUIREMENT

(Sc)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENT

(Sd)

>8

UNITS/aOOR

< 8

UNITS/FLOOR

>8

UNITS/aOOR

<8

UNITS/FLOOR

>8

UNITS/aOOR

<8

UNITS/FLOOR

>8

UNTTS/FLOOR

<8

UNITS/FLOOR

1-2 STORY -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -11 -11

3 STORY 4 4 0 0 5 5 -1 -1

4-6 STORY 6.5 6.5 3 3 5 5' 2 2

> 6 STORY 7.5 7.5 3 3 7 7 4 4

Figure ld-2. Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheet

21
STEP 5 FIRE SAFETY EQUIVALENCY EVALUATION

A. Perform the indicated subtractions in Table 4. Enter the differences in the

appropriate answer blocks.

B. For each row check "YES" if the value in the answer block is zero or

greater. Check "NO" if the value in tne answer block is a negative number.

Table 4. FIRE SAFETY

EQUIVALENCY EVALUATION YES NO

CONTROL

PROVIDED

|Sl) less REDUIREO CONTROL

>0

Si Sa C

E6RESS

PROVIDED

(S2) less REQUIRED

EGRESS

S2 Sb 0

REFUGE

PROVIDED

IS31 less REQWREO

REFUGE

>0

S3 Sc R

GENERAL

FIRE SAFETY

|S4l less

REQUIRED

GEN.RRE (Sd) SAFETY

aO

S4 Sd G

CONCLUSIONS:

1. [ ] All of the checks in Table 4 are in the "YES" column. The level of fire

safety is at least equivalent to that prescribed by the ?'inimum Property

Standards .

2. [ ] One or more of the checks in Table 4 are in the "NO" column. The level

of fire safety is not shown by this system to be equivalent to that

prescribed by the Minimum Property Standards.

* The equivalency covered by this worksheet includes the majority of

considerations covered by the Minimum Property Standards. There are a

few considerations that are not evaluated by this method. These must be

considered separately. These additional considerations are covered in

Table 5.

This worksheet has been prepared by the Fire Safety Engineering Division,

Center for Fire Research, NBS.

Figure le. Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheet

22
TABLE 5. BUILDING FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

(The following items are required by the MPS as fire safety features but are beyond the scope of

equivalency evaluation of the Fire Safety Evaluation System. They must be accounted for separately.)

REQUIREMENTS YES NO

1. Access to the Roof (405-6.4).

In buildings 3 or more stories in height, having slopes < 20 degrees,

is adequate access provided?

2. Balconies and Porches (405-11).

Are balconies and porches non-combustible or meeting the limitations

for combustible installations?

3. Roof Covering (405-12).

Does roof covering meet the classification requirements based on type

of construction and building separation?

4. Standpipes (405-15).

Do buildings 5 stories or greater in height have class I service

standpipes meeting NFPA No. 14?

5. Mechanical System (515 & 615).

Do mechanical systems (ventilation, heating, cooling, plumbing, water

heating and gas piping) meet the requirement and referenced standards?

6. Electrical (516 & 616).

Does the electrical system meet the National Electrical Code?

7. Elevator Capture (614-2.1).

Are elevators equipped with emergency capture meeting the ANSI

elevator Code?

8. Areas per floors meet the limitations set in Table 4-5.2.

9. In buildings requiring elevators (402-9.3), there is either one elevator in each smoke compartment or the elevator (s) are accessed

through a lobby separated from each smoke compartment by 1-hr. wall

with 3/4-hr. doors per 402-9.2.

10. Incinerators and trash chutes conform with NFPA 82.

11.

1

1

The distance of travel to an exit stairway or exterior door from

any point within a boiler room or a doorway to an exit corridor

does not exceed 50 feet.

Figure If. Fire Safety Evaluation Worksheet

23
SAFETY PARAMETER

1. CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

4-6 STORY

OVER 6 STORY

2. HAZARDOUS

AREAS

3. MANUAL RRE ALARM

4. SMOKE DETEaiON (ALARM

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

6. INTERIOR nNISH

(within living unKsj

7. LIViNGUNIT-BORM. DOORS ( OPENINGS

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNITIs)

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

ia EXIT SYSTEM

11. EXIT ACCESS

12. BtTERIOR FINISH (egress routes)

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14. SMOKE CONTROL

Figure 2. Safety Parameters

24
SAfETY PWAMETER PAMMETOI VM.UES

1. CmSTM)CTR»N

BU«.0MC HEIGHT

1-3 ST8RY

CaMNSTMC

lYPC 4 U -2

4-6 STORY -i

OVER 6 STORY -10

TYK 4

-2-4

TY« 3 U

-6

-to

TYPES 3i43k

-2

nPE M MT

-3

TM.E

TYPE 2 U -2-5

TYPE?* TYPES lUl

WiTHM imNC UMTS OR ON EXIT ROUTE OATSBE LIVIAC MATS ARNEMNO

2. nA2ARVvU^ OEFBinCY

BOUSLE DEFICIENCY SHKLE DEFICIENCY OOHOLE OEFICIEHCY SAWLE OEFICIEACY -7 -4 -4(-7>A • 0

3. MMUM. FME ALARM

NO ALARM MAANAL AlARfl m/t F 0. ROTIfICATNH w/ F.O. ROTIfICATBR

-1 2 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION

(. AUWM

N«NE

SWH.E ST4TIM INW6 MRTS MIY

SHKEE LEVEL EVERY LEVU

WmCMMKTEO SYSTMI INHM WMTS MN.Y

EVERY LEVEL EVERY TrAL

S. AUTOMATIC SARRMUIRS

CMMMRS, PIMLIC SPACES. nC. 2W

LRfM WHTS MN.Y . A PWLIC SPACES TOTAL I

6. INTERMRFMtSH

IwKliin living Mitsj

FIARK SPAEAO RATHICS 7Ss2M

-3

"25 S75

-1

;25

7. LMMCUMT

DOORS t 0PEMR6S

>20 RAN. &20I -2

8. EGRESS FROM UVWG WNT|s|

SABLE ROUTE It ESCAPE I

>50' TRAV :50 >sr TRAV.

-I

= SO’ TRAV.

RCRBTE

EXITS

1 SCPAMTIONOF

LN1HG UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER t FROM COM. SPACES!

nOAE OR

HtCIMIPinE

BALLS >20 I OOORS ^ 20 RAN. ROARS >20 RAA. -2 •I-21A

WALLS s20 RAN. « I AR. OOORS &20tRA. ms St AR. S20 MA. / AC

21-2)* *|-2)»

WRUS s2 AR. >45 RAA. «/ AC

M. EXIT SYSTEM

>2 STA ROOTES

RRH.TIPIE STi OTB

OEFBtENT -OWE -2t#)£

w/«NOR«. . EXIT OAtECT EXIT

REAR EAR

II. EXIT AaESS IN'

-MID

50 IN' 3SN’ AOOURHN >X't1MMLIS:

"ISO' -2iH-tsr

-I

50-100'

12. MTEMORFmSH

jegfess iMtesI

FUME SPAEAO RATIACS >7Ss2M » 25s 75

-I

s2$

OPEA W lACOWPLEIE EACLtUHK EfltUMi

THAU 4 M MORE FLOWS 2 3 FLRS 1 FLO. - 1 AR. St AR. -» -7 -2 0 2m*

13. VERTICAL vrtMnbo

14 SMOKE CONTROL CSATRRL StWAE

PARIITIOA SMOAE PRF. Towai SABRE PART, t SABRE TOWa ov

:

OY ONT/CORR.

Figure 3. Safety Parameter Matrix

25
Figure 4a. MPS Requirements

Multifamily Housing ^ 3 story - > 8 units/floor

26
SAFETY PMHUHETER

FIRE CtMTML

($1)

EGRESS

PROWBED

(S2l

REFUGE

ptovmco

(S3l

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

|S4l

1. DONSTftyCTKM 0 0 0

2. HAZAMOUS AREAS 08’2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FME ALARM -5-2 1 2 2

4. SMOKE DETECTMM &

ALARM

-3-2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 ^2{0]B 0 (x2]AO 0

6. MTERKIR FINISH VMTHM

LIVING UMTS

^2 -1.5 -3

7. LIVING UMT • BONM

DOORS & OPENMGS

0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMT(s)

-1 • -1

9. SEPARATION LIVING UNITS EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 v2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 42 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS

0 0

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes] -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS v2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL Si = 5.5 S2 = 8 S3 = 8 S4= 7

NOTES; A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (-^2) in aU other cases. B - Use (0] if oftcration of sprinkler system does not activs^e building fire alarm system.

Figure 4b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Multifamily Housing

3 story - > 8 units/floor

27
1 CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

COMBUSTIBLE HBNCOMOUSTIOLE

TYPE A U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3aA3* TYPE 30 NT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2* TYPES IUa -2 0 -2 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8

(

e

) -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -W V -4 -8 0 2

SAfETY PAfl««TER PMMKTER VALUES

2 HAZARSeUS

AREAS

miHIN UVWG UN4TS 8A ON EXIT MUTE

OeUSlE OEFtCIENCY -7

SWCIE OEFICIENCY

MTSWE IWMG UMTS MtMlE KFICeiCY

-4(-7|A

SmeiE BEFICICIKY EE

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

NO XIARM

-I

MMIU/U ALMM

w/a F 0 NOTIFICATION w. F.B./NnK(eATION

2

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

NONE

-4

SWeiE STATION UVtHG UMTS MH.Y

SINGLE LEVEL EVERXiEVU

WraCMMtCTE* SYSTH LWMC UMTS ONLY

EVERY LEVa EVBIY KBROOM

3 4

T*TAl UH.OMG

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRRtKLERS

NONE CSffilOeRS. SPACES. ETC. LArWe UMTS •M.Y CafNMMKS. NM.. A PVM.IC SPACES TfTAl Mm.MNC

6. INTERtOR FIMStI {within living

units]

FLAME SPAEM AATMGS

>25 :75

-1

125

7. LIVWG UMT- HRM

BOWS I OPENtNCS

NO BOW

-2 m

: 2« MM

8 E6RESSFROM LWWG UMTIs]

SINGLE MUTE I OMA t ESCAPE

>50’ TAAV >50' TRAN £ 5*' TAAV

RCMaTE

EXITS

S. SEPARATUM OF

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE W

INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 I DOORS >20 MM BOORS >20 MM

-2 •l-2tA

WAILS =20 MM > I m

DOORS >20 MM

ntus si Ml. DOORS >20 MM. w/ K

2|-2|A

TWILLS s2IM.

DOORS >45 MM. •/ AC

»0. EXIT SYSTEM

c2 STANOAR8

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STAHOARO BOOTES

DEFICIENT

-6(0|E -2|8ff

HORU EXIT DIRECT aiT

11 EXIT ACCESS 188 50 ISO' -2

35 58'

KB SCAB EM > »' A TMBEL IS:

>150’ -2

ISO ISO'

-1

12. INTOtOR FtWSH

[effess TMtesI

FLAME SPREAD RATIKS

>75- 288 -3

= 25

13. VERTICAL OPENMCS

DPEN OR MCDMPLETE EWaOStHK EKCLOSCB

THRU 4 BA MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS I FLA « 1 HR -W -7 -2 8

14 SMOKE CONTROL

NO CONTROL SMOKE

PAREHIBN SMOKE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART A SMOKE TOWER

MCCN ASSRIfO MnOMRTK

BY 20NE BY UMn/CMM.

Figure 5a. MPS Requirements

Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor

28
SAFriT PMMMETER

FiC

CMTROL

I$1)

"*RESS

1S2)

ICFUGC

pinwcD

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROVBED

(S4I

1. CWSHUCTKW 0 0 0

2. HAZAROOWS /MEAS 0 42 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FRE ALAM v2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE KTECTeM &

ALAMN

42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRMKLERS 2 42(6)S 1 (42}A1 2

6. WTEIHM FMSN WITHM

LIVIHQ UMrS

42-1.5

:

: -3

7. Lim UNIT - BDMI

DOORS & 0PENM6S

1

i 0 0

8. EORESS FROM Lim

UMT|s] -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 v2 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS 0 0

12. INTERIOR FINISH

(egress routes] -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 42 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL Si = 8 S2 =LO S3 = g S4= 10

WTES:

A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4*U construction.

Divide by 2 (72) in aH other cases. B - Use (0) if operation of sprinlcler system dees net activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 5b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Multifamily Housing

4-6 story > 8 units/floor

29
1. CONSTRUCTION COHHUSTMIE HOWCOMOUSTMIE

BUILDING HEIGHT TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 nPE 3-U TYPES 3a(3V TYPE 30 HT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2* TYPES IUa

1-3 STORY -2 0 -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -1 0 -3 -5 2 A OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -W -2 -4 -8 0 -LI.

SAFETY P/«AM€TER PMUMCTER VALUES

2. HAZARDOUS

AREAS

WITHIN LIVING UMTS OR ON EXIT RWTE

DOUSLE DEFICIEIICr SINGLE BEFICIEMCV -4

MTSIM LANM UMTS NMKE KFICIUCY -^-7|A

SMCLE OEFIOEHCY RMK W M

KE

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

-I

MMIUAI ALAMO

m/e F 0 NiT»riCATI«N w FB^NfnqCATMH

2 CJ

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

NONE

-4

SMCLE STATION LWIHG UMTS MIT

SINGLE LEVEL EVERILLEVEL

MTSKWMECTEO STSTEM

LRTNK UMTS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVBIY OEOROOM

3 4

TOTAL

ttHI Ml£

5. AUTOMATIC SFWNKLERS

cemiooRS. PMuc SPACES, nc livmc hmts 0M.r COMMONS, Mi.. 0 PHLK SPACES TOTAL MH.0NK

6. tNTERtOR FimSN

jwitNiR living

unitsi

FLAME SPREAO RATINGS >25 S75

-I

S25

7. LIVING UNIT BBRM. DOORS & OPENINGS

NO 080R -2:2II

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNIT|s|

SMCLE ROUTE I OOOR t ESCAPE —aOMS

-SO' TRAV -2

-SO' TRA*

-I

ISO' TRAV

REMOTE

EXtTS

9. SEPARATION

LIVtMG UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM CM). SPACES

INCOMPEHE

VNM.LS >20 I eOORS<20MM 009RS>20MM

-6 -2 «-2)A

WALES X20 MM. •« 1 HR. ALLS St HR. BMRS >20 RRN. w/ AC WALLS S2NR

4S mm. w/ AC

2 STARHAM HLTIPIE ST IWMTES W EXIT SYSTEM ROUTES OEFKIENT mmu EXIT BMECT EXIT -«#)£ -2|i)£ HL 2 4

II. EXIT ACCESS

-6f6j8

SS-I9S’ -235 SO'

-1

HO !« EHH > )$' 0 TMKl B:

-ISO' 110- 1ST

-I

12 INTERIOR FINISH leffess routes!

FLAME SPOEM RATRKS

-75 s 2M

-3

*25 £ 25

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR MKOMPLETE EIKIOSWE

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS -to -7

I FU

-2

EHClOSa

: I HR.

HO SMME SRMRE PRF. SMOM PtHT 0 M8CR. AOinW ANfMTK

14 SMOKE CONTRa CONTROL pwfmm TOWO SMOKE TORFER Y 20HE BY OMT/CMM.

S 2 3 3 4

Figure 6a. MPS Requirements

Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor

30
SAFETY PARAMETER

FME

CONTROL

|Sl)

EGRESS

PROVilED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVilED

(S3)

^NERAL FIRE SAFETY PR0V®ED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 2 2 2

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 •8-2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM ^2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM

^2 2 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 1 ^2{0)B 1 (f2)A 1 2

6. INTERIOR FIMSM WITHM

LIVING UMTS

v2 1.5

: J^ -3

7. LIVING UMT - BORM

DOORS & DPENNMS

; 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMT(s)

-1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

1 FROM COMMON SPACES

4 ^2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 x2 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS 0 0

12. INTERIOR FIMSM

(egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS -2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL o

II S2 = 10 S3 = 11 S4 = 12

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 |-72) in all other cases. B - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 6b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Multifamily Housing

> 6 story > 8 units/floor

31
Figure 7a. MPS Requirements

Multifamily Housing

3 story - 8 units/floor

32
SAFETY PARAMETEt

FME

OMTRiL

(Si)

EGRESS

PMun^

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVDCfi

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFHY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0

4-2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM 4-2 1 2 2

4. SMOKE BCTECnON &

ALARM -2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRRN(LERS 0 v2(B^ 0 (4-2)Ao 0

S. INTERIOR FIMSM WrraM

LIVING UMTS

-2 -1.5

- ? -

-3

7. LIVING UMT - lORM

DOORS t 0PENM6S i

0 0

1. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMT|s] • \ -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH 0TI€R

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 4-2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 ^2 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS

0

/ 0

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routed -1

-'.r ; -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 4-2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = 3.5 S2= 6 S3= 6 Ji:

^

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety P^ameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (v2j in aH ether cases. B • Use (0) if opcfafi^ of sprinkler system does net activate buMdiog fire alarm system.

Figure 7b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Multifamily Housing

£ 3 story £ 8 units/floor

33
1. CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

C^HBUST«LE NOHCOHOUSTIOLE

TYPE 4 0 TYPE 4 TYPE 3 U TYPES 3A&3B TYPE 3» NT TYPE 2 0 TYPE 2h TYPES IUa -2 0 -2 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8

( 0 ) -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -10- -4 -8 e 2

SAFETY PABAMETER Pl«MHCTEfi YAiUES

2. HAZART90US AREAS

WITHW UVING UNITS (W ON EXIT R«UTE

DOUBLE OEFICIENCr SmCLE DEFICIEICV -4

3BTSIBE LWW6 UMTS

IWUCIE KFKKNCY

-M-7)k

SMCLE BCFtCICNCY

iMitf AA m

KFM KFtCCItCV

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

ALARM

w/0 F 0 NBTiriCATiON w. FS/«TYE^ATIM

2 TJ

4. SM0KE KTECTION

& ALARM

NONE

-4

$mO.E STXTIBN LWING UWTS MH.Y

SmCLE LEVEL EVERYLEVEL

HRTEACENMECTEB SYSTH LNWG BWTS BNLY

EVERY LEVa EVERY BEBROOM

3 4

TBTM. BUAMM

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRIKKIERS

NONE C8MHB0RS. SRACtS. nC LWMe IW4TS 8MY CBRRWWS, MS., A PWH.C SMUS

4M1S

TBTAL WN.BMC

6. INTEmORFOUSH

Iwithin living

unitsl

FLAM SHtCAS RATINGS -25-75

-1

:25

7. LIVWG M«T - DOORS & OPENWCS

NO BOOR -2

> 20 MM

8 EGRESS FROM

LIVING UMTjsl

SWGLE ROUTE I BOOR t ESCAPE -50 TRAV -2

-50' TRAV

-1

-SB' TRAV

RMBTE

EXHS

9. SEPARATIOR Of LIVWG UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE SR INCOMREHE

WALLS »28 I BSORS < 20 NNN BOBRS >20 -6 -2 8|-2)A

WALLS I2B MM.

BOORS £29 I

: I HR. WWLLS fit HR BOORS £29 MW. w/ AC

?-2)A

NALLS X2HR. >45 MM. w/ AC

10 EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANAARO

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STAneARO RAUTES

-6(0|C -2)t|E

Hoau EXIT MRECT UIT

0EA6 EDO

II. EXIT ACCESS -6( 0|8

50 ISO -2

35 58'

-t

NO BEAB EOO > X' A TINNCl IS:

-I5B' -2loa ISO'

-1

12 INTERS FimSH

legfess reutesi

FLAME SPRCAO RATINGS -75- 290 -3

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN BR INCaMPLETE ENaSSWK ENCLBSCB

THRU 4 OR M8RE FLSBRS 2-3 FLRS. 1 FLR < 1 HR -H3 -7 -2 • w

14. SM0KE CONTROL

SMOKE

PARTITION SMBRE PtF. Tswa

SMRRE PART, t SMOKE TOWER HKH iBSSTHI ABTOHOnC

BY 2WK BY HWT/CORR.

3 4

Figure 8a. MPS Requirements

Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - ^ 8 unit/floor

34
SAFfTY PMMKTEt

FME

CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROMKD

|S2)

REFUGE

PWVBCO

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROVRO

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTIQM 0 0 0

2. HAZARMUS AREAS 0 -8-2 0 0 0

3 MANUAL FME ALAIW f2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE SETECTIQM t> ALARM F2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRMKLERS 2 2

6. MTERtOR FMISMWITMN

LIVMe UMTS

^2 -1.5

.

-3

7. LIVIN6 UMT - HMtM

DOORS 1. 0PEMN6S ••

• ? i 0 0

g. EG^SS FROM LIVMC

UMT(s)

-1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF Lim

UMTS FROM EACH OTHER

fc FROM COMMON SPACES

4 t2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 •5-2 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS 0 0

12. WTEMORFIMSH

(egress routes] -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 5-2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL . ^ s 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = 8 00

II CM </> S3= 7 S4 = 8

MOTES; A - Use fuH value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (t2) in aH ether cases. B • Use [0] if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 8b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - < 8 units/floor
t. CONSTRUCTION BUaOING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

COmUSTWlE NONCOOMVSTWLE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3iiA}fe TYPE M NT TYPE 2-U TYPE 20 TYPES IA2a -2 0 -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 0 -3 -5 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -W -2 -4 -8 0 J0-

SAFETY PARAMETER PAMHCTER VAUKS

2. HAZARDOUS

AREAS

W(THW LIVING imiTS Oft ON EXIT ROUTE

DOUBLE OEFICIENCV -7

SINGLE DEFICIENCY -4

8UTSISE LNWe UMTS

BOiWLE SEFICIEIKY

-4(-7|A

SWGLE BEFICICIICT

ftiiftMAJ AJ nVPVOAL ALA««

w/« F D NRTIflCATION w F.B^MH^ICATiaN

2 G7

KFKI^

m. 3. MAtiUAL FIRE ALARM

NO ALARM

-1

4 SM0KE DETECTION & ALARM

NONE

-4

SINGLE STATION LRFMG UMTS I

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

WTEROMHfCTEO SYSTH

LRNHC INMTS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEOROOM

3 4

TOTAL BUH.6WG

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRIN«IERS

NONE COmiOORS. PU8UC SPACES. ETC. LIVMG UMTS ONLY eOWlNWBS, HM.. t PMIIC SPAOS TOTAL OtHLONK

6 MTEBU9RFIMSH

[within living

units]

FLAME SPREAO RATINGS »25 £75

-t

£25

7 LHttNG UWT BDRM

0(»RS I OPEN<mCS|

NO DOOR -2 m:20MM

8 EGRESS FROM

LIVTNC UN.T|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR A ESCAPE ONNOOOIS

-2

»50' TRAV.

-1

i SO’ TRAV

iteaMTE

EXITS

9 SEPARATION Of imUG UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

HALLS >20 RAW. DOORS <20 MM ODORS >2« RAM. -6 -2 8I-2IA

WALLS £20 MH. < I M.

BOWtS £20 IWN DLLS £l R*. Mats >20 MR w/ AC MALLS £2M.

OOORS >45 MH. w/ AC

EXIT SYSTEM

<2 STANOMtO

ROUTES

RWLTIPEE STAKMm MMTES

SEFIOENT

-GlfljE -W

MMHZ EXIT 0MECT EXIT

BEAD ENO

II. EXIT ACCESS 100

'

-SlOjO

50-100’ -2

J5 50’

NO KAO BW > »’ 0 TWOCL K:

>150’ 100 150’

-1

12. INTERI9R FINISH [egress routes]

FLAME SPREAO RATMGS

>75 £208 £25

-3 CO e

OPEN OR mCOMPLnE EWL0S4WE ENCLOSa

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS 1 FLR < 1 NR -W -7 -2 8

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14 SMOKE CONTROL

SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PRf TOWER SIMKE PMT (

SiaOKE TOWER

RKCN. ASSSTB MTCntTK

OY ZONE •Y 0WT/e«M.

Figure 9a. MPS Requirements

Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - 8 units/floor

36
SAFETY PAMMETER

FME

CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROWDB9

(S2)

REFUGE

PROMOED

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROWOED

|S4l

1. CmSTRUCTION 2 1

2 2

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 ^2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FME ALARM 42 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM 42 1 2 IBIBBI 2

, 5. AUTOMATIC SPRRNQIRS 2 42(0)0 1 (v2)A 1 2

6. MTERtOR FIMSM MTHM

LIVINC UMTS

42 -1.5 =

: s

••

j -3

7. LIVlNe UNIT • BORM

DOORS fit 0PENM6S

0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s) -1

liiiliiiiiii

-1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

8, FROM COMMON SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM : 0 v2 0 0

11. EMT ACCESS 0 0

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes) -1

;y*W*W*W*W*l'!‘ln*]*!*i«M*!*M*!*.

-1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS v2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = j^o S2 = 8 S3= 9 S4 = 10

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (42) in all other cases. B - Use (Q) if operation of sprinkler system dees net activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 9b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - 8 units/floor

37
t. CONSTRUCTION

BUH.0ING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CBAWUSTTtLE HORCOHOUSTIRLE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE 3 U TYPJS4^3* TYPE 38 NT TYPE 2 U TYPE 25 TYPES It2) -2 0 -2 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 V -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -W -2 -4 -8 S 2

SAFETY PAR/WETER PMUMETER VAEUES

2. HAZARDOUS

/»EAS

WITHM IWINC UMTS OR OR UIT f)«UTE

DOUeiE OEEIOENCY -7SINCLE BEFIClfHCr -4

WTSIM IHnm UMTS

B«»M.E SCfICIEtKY -M-mSM«IE KFICICKY M m

Y

3. MANUAl FIRE ALARM

-1

NWMUJU ALARM

w/g F e/Mm(ICATWH W' F.l. NOTIFICATION G7 3

4. SMOKE DETECTKWI & ALARM

NONE

-4

SINGLE STATWN LIVING UMTS I

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVa

WTERCONMCTa SYSTBR

INtNG UMTS eOLY

EVERY LEVa EVOY RERROOM

3 4

m/u

WN.MNG

5. AUTIMATIC

SPRRMELERS

CMMIMRS. PUM.IC SPACES. HC. LWIK UMTS ONLY CtMNMtS. HM.. ( PUM.K SPACES TfTAE MHLMK 4Wt

6 MTEmORFIWSH

Iwrthtn living

units)

FLAME SPREW RATINGS -75:280 -3

-25

7 LWmG UHTT oaMM SOWS & 9PEN«eS|

N6 BAM

-2

;28 RMI

8 EGRESS FROM LWWG UMT|s|

SINGLE RGUTE I B«8* t ESCAPE mnews

-58' TRAV -2

-51 TRAV : 54' TRAV.

RCMTE

EXTTS

9 SEPARATION OF LmNG UWTS FROM

EACH OTNCR & FROM COM. SPACES

IMNC OR

INCaMPLETE

WALLS >2« I BOONS -28 MM BOONS £28 HM

-8 -2 «-2)A

NALLS >20 MM < I NR. BOORS >28 MM

NALLS si HR BOORS S28 MM. «/ AC

2I-Z1A

HRUS s2MR.

BOORS >45 MM. «/ AC

10 EJdT SYSTEM

= 2 S7ANOARB

ROUTES

MULTIPIE ST ROUTES

BEFICIENT -6(0^ -2t8)£

NARU EXIT BINECT EXIT

11 EXIT ACCESS

BEAO ENO HR ICM EHR > 35' A THAVCL B: >188' 58 188' 35 58' >156' ISO ISO' -SO'

-61«)B -2 -1 -2 -1

. Q 2

12. INTERIOR FWtSH

[egfess rautes)

FLA8K SPREAO RATINGS >75: 288 ^5 :25

-3 _Q_ S

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR MCOMPLETE ENaOSUM

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS -7

I FIR -2

Eseiosa

: I NR

H9 SMeKE SMOKE Pdf S«KE PART t MECH ASSBTEB RHTMRRTK

14. SMOKE CONTROL COMTftOL pwum T8«a SMSKE TONER BY 2«K BY MNT/CORR.

8 0/ 2 3 3 4

Figure 10a. MPS Requirements

Housing for the Elderly ^ 3 story - > 8 units/floor

38
SAFETY PAMMETER

FME

CONTROL P

|Sl)

MSS

ROUMES

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVBED

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS ANEAS 0 42 0 0 0

3 MAAUJAJ FIBf Al AAM 42 1 2 2

4. SMOKE DCT^TIQN A

ALARM

42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 42\m 0 (42)A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FIMSM WITHM

LIVINC UMTS

V.V.V.'.*.V.V.V m

•I* CM 1 -1

7. LIVING UWT - BDRM

DOORS A OPENMGS

i i

• 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVN16 UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

A FROM COMMON SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM . 0 42 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS

; 0 iiiiiiliip

0

12. INTERIOR FIN4SH (egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 42 1 . 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL Si = 6 . 5 S;2= 8 $3 = 8 S4= 9

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (42) in aH other cases. B - Use (0) if of^ation of sprinkler system does net activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 10b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Housing for the Elderly ^ 3 story - > 8 units/floor

39
1. CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT 13 STORY

COMBUSTIOIE MKOMUSTItiE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE 3 U TYPES 3aA3A TYPE 3R NT TYPE 2 U TYPE 2h TYPES IA2a -2 0 -2 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 (» ) -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -W -4 -8 0 2

SAfnv PARMltETER PARAeaETER V/U.UES

2. HAZARDOUS mAS

WUHtN LIVWG UMtTS OR ON EXIT R«UU

DOUBLE DEFICtENCV -7

SINCIE DEFICIENCY -4

MTSWE LIVING IMMTS

BtUSlE BEFtCKNCV

-4I-71A

SNtaE HFICKNCY

MAiraAi w/8 F 0 NOTIFICATION w F a ^HWnC^CATIRM

2 GT

NME OR HO KFICiaCV

3. MAMUAl FIRE ALARM

-1

4 SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

NONE

-4

SMGIE STATION LIVING UMTS I

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL a

MTERCCNMCTEO SYSTEM

LIVNK UMTS MKY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY ICRRORM

3 4

TOTAL WH.OWG

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

NONE COfMHHIRS.

ziejBj

FLANK SPRCA0 RATffiicS

SPACES. nC LIVING OWTS ONLY . A PMIC SPACES TOTAL WNLIWC

6. INTERIOR FINISH

{within living

ONitSl

- 75 ; 2M

-3 m

:25

7 LIVING IRNT RSRM

DOORS & OPENWGS

NO BOOR -2

> 20 RHN

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UMTIsI

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR A ESCAPE WIMOWS

>50’ TRAV 50' TRAV -1

: 50' TRAV

RONTT

EXfIS

9 SEPARATION OF

LIVING UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER A FROM COM. SPACES

NONE SR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >28 MM

DOORS <20 MM BOORS >29 MM

-6 -2 0I-21A

WALLS 320 MM •< I NR. OMRS >20 MM.

WALLS 3 1 HR. OMRS 320 MM. H/ AC

JI-21A

WRLU 32 Ml. OORRS 34SMM. w/ AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

‘2 STAttBARO ROUTES

MULIIPIE STAHOARO 8AUTES

DEFICKNT

-C|0|E -2|0i£

BHMCT EXIT

II EXIT ACCESS

DEAD END NR KAO EHR > 35' A TRMKl IS:

“ ISO' bQ 100' 35 50 >158' ISO I5R' -5R'

-6|0{0 -2 -1 -2 -1 2

17 PtMKM

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

1 egress routesi >75- 200 ^5 5 25 -3 S

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR INCOMPLETE ENCLOSORE

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS -w

2 3 FLRS -2

EHCLRSa

: t HR.

14. SMOKE CONTROL

MO CONTROL SMOKE

N SMSKE mTOW€A SmiREPART A SMOKE TOWER

MECA eSISTER RREMMITK

BY ZtNC IT HMT/CRRR

0 2 3 3 4

Figure 11a. MPS Requlremerrts

Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor

40
SAFETY PAIMMETER

FIRE CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROMDED

IS 2)

REFUGE

PROVnCO

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 1 0 0

2. MZARSOUS AIIEAS 0 42 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALAM ^2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTHMI.

ALARM 42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRMKLERS 2 42(0}B 1 IJ-2IA1 2

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHM

LIVING UMTS

42 -. 5

'

1 -1

7. LIVING UMT - BORM

DOORS & OPENINGS : 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH 0TI«R

fc FROM COMMON SPACES

4 •I* CM CN 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 42 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS 0 0

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 42 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL M o^ 0

1

CO II 1— S3

= 9 CM I

—

1

CO II

NOTES; A - Use full vakie if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 ( 72) in aH other cases. B - Use |0j if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 11b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story > 8 units/floor

41
1. CONSTRUCTION

BLHLOING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

COM8USTIOLE NONCOMUSTIOLE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE 3 U TYPES 3a4» TYPE 38 NT TYPE 2-U TYPE 28 TYPES IA2a -2 0 -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 S -3 -5 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -H) -2 -4 -8 8

SAFETY P/WAMETER PARAMETER VAilfES

2. HAZAR80US

AREAS

WITHIN LIVING UNITS OR ON EXIT ROUTE

DOUBLE DEFICIENCY -7

SINGLE DEFICIENCV -4

WTSHK LIVtIK UMTS MMLE BEFIdENCY -M-m

SIttCEE aCFICieNCY

NO ALARM mmuM. AIMHM

w/a F 0 NOTIFICATWI w, FBydrtTHL CATION

-1 2

NMIE M NO KFI

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

4. SMOKE OETECTieN & ALARM

NONE

-4

SWGLE STATION LWIW UMTS MUT

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

IMTCRCtMMCTU SYSTEM LWNK UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY KiRoea

3 4

TBTAl BttILMK

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

NONE CORRIMRS. PjttUC SPACES. ETC LWM6 UWTS WHY ceatMws. wa., t pmlc spaces tatal ww.mm

6 MTERiORFIMSH

[witNin living

unitsi

FLAME SPREA8 RATIMS -75;209 -3

:25

7 LIVING UNIT - BORM

DOORS t OPENtttGSl -2

> 20 RM)

8 EGRESS FROM

LIVING UWT|s|

SINGLE MUTE I BMP A ESCAPE

-50' TRAY -2-58' TRAV -1< 58' TRAV.

AtMTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION Of LIV»K UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE M

INCOIMfLETE

WALLS -29 I BOORS >20 MM BOORS >28 MM

-8 -2 8I-2IA

WALLS X2« MM > 1 NR. BOORS >28 MM

•ALLS XI NR OOORS >28 MM. »/ AC

2I-21A s

•ALLS S2 NR. >45 MN. w/AC

W. EXIT SYSTEM

< 2 STANOARO

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANOARO ROUTES

KFICIEHT

-6iO|E -2|8^

HOM2 UIT BHKCT EXIT

OEAB END NO BEM ENO > )5' A TtOOEL IS.

11. EXIT ACCESS >188' 50-180 35 58' >150' IBB ISO' «SO'

-6IOJO -2 -I -2 -1 2

12. INTERIOR FINISH legfess roiitesl

FLAME SPREAO RATIMS >75: 286 ^5->V5 « 25 -3 0

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR INCOMPEHE ENaOSURE

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS -7

I FLR

EHuesa

I HR

NO SMOKE' SMOKE m SAME PART 8 ECN ISSSTVB ABTMWnC

14 SMOKE CONTROL CONTROL PAfmTION TOWER S8MRE TOWER RY ZONE BY BMT./CWM

e 2 3 3 4

Figure 12a. MPS Requirements

Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor

42
SAFETY PARAMETER

FME

CRNTROL

(Sll

EGRESS

(S2l

I^UGE

P^MDEO

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFHY PROVIOED

(S4)

1. C0NSTRUCTI6M 2 2 2

2. HAZAROeUS AREAS 0 5-2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FME ALARM 4-2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE KTECTMM A

ALARM v2 1 2 2

5. AUTQMATK SPRINKLERS 2 ^2(0P 1 (v2}Ai 2

6. MTERIOR FIMSM VMTHM

LtVtNe UMTS

-2 -.5

: -1

7. LIVING UMT - lORM

DOm% & OPEMNGS 0 0

%. EGRESS FROM LIVWG

UMT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATUN Of LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 4-2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 ^2 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS 0 0

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes] -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPEMNGS ^2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTR«. 2 2 2

TOTAL Si = 11 S2 = 10 1

—

1

1

—

1

It CO oo 11— 00 II

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (4-2] in aH other cases.

B - Use (0) if oper;rtion of sprinkler system ^s not activate buildmg fire alarm system.

Figure 12b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor

43
1 CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHY

1-3 STORY

COMBUSTMLE HewCDRWUSTIBLE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYP5S4a43* TYPE 38 RT TYPE 2 U TYPE 28 TYPES 1124 -2 0 -2 w -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 V -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -TO -2 -4 -8 e 2

SAfETY PM?AMETER PMMfiKTER VALUES

2. HAZAnOOUS

AREAS

WITHIN LIVING UNITS 01) ON EXIT ROUTE

DOUBLE DEFICIENCY -7

SINGLE DEFICIENCY -4

BUTSHK LIVtNG UMTS

DOUBLE KFICICNCY -^-7|ASINGLE DEFICIENCY

e

NONE Ml NO

DEFICIENCY

NO ALARM RMHUAL ALAfifli w/o T O NOTIFICATION w FB NOTIFICATION

-1 3

3. MANUAL EIRE ALARM

4 SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

NONE

-4

SINGLE STATieirLIVING UWTS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

IHTEACSNtKCTES SYSTEM

LIVIHG UMTS ONLY

EVERY LEVa EVERY DERROOH

3 4

TOTAL

BUH.BHI6

S. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS iS

CDWHeORS. PUBLIC SPACErTIC LIVING UWTS ONLY

2ie^

CSMWBtS. HUB . t PUBLIC SPACES TOTAL MHIMM

6. MTERIOR FIWSH

{within living

units)

FLMM SPREAO RATINGS

- 75 :298 25«75 I 25

7 LIVWG UNIT BORM

DOORS t OPENtNCS

NO B90R > 29 RNN

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNtTjsj

SINGLE ROUTE I BOOR t ESCAPE

-50' TRAV -2>50' TRAV

-I

REMOTE Exns

9 SEPARATION Of

LIVING UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE SR INCOMPinE

WALLS >28 MM

DOORS <20 MW ODORS :2« MW

-6 -2 l|-?|A

WALLS :2B MM < I NR. BOORS £2B mm

MRUS £l HR. RORRS £20 MM. w/ AC

2I-21A ©

WALLS 02 RR. DBBRS S4S MM. w/ AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANOARO

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STAHBARO RMTES

DEFICIENT HBRU EXIT BtRECT EXIT

BEAD END

11. EXIT ACCESS 58 100' 35 58'

HO BCAB EM > »' t TIMKl IS

-2

109 159'

12. INTERIOR FINISH jegfess routes!

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS >75: 200 -25: 75 : 25 -3 0

OPEN 9«'^1C6 LETE ENCLOStNtC ENCL9SER

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS 1 FLR < 1 HR £|J«.

-10 -7 -2 B

13 VERTICAL OPENINGS

14 SMOKE CONTROL

NO CONTROL SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PDF TOWER SMOKE PART I SMOKE TOWER

HECH ASS lAVTORMTIC BY OMT/CBRR.

Figure 13a. MPS Requirements

Housing for the Elderly ^ 3 story - 8 units/floor

44
SAFETY PARAMETER

FRK

CfiMim

(Si)

EGRESS

(S 2 I

REFUGE

PROVtOEO

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PR0VtE€D

IS4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0 0

2. HAZAROOUS AREAS 0 0 0 0

3. RAANUAl FIRE ALARM ^2 1 2 2

4. SMiSCE DETECTION &

ALARM

42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRRIKLERS 0 42(0^ 0 (42)A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FIMSN VMTMN

LIVING UNITS 42 -.5 -1

7. LIVH4Q UNIT - BDRM

DOORS & OPENINGS

0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s)

: -1 -1

9. SEPARATION Of LIVRiG UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& Fl^ COMMON SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM

5 0 0

•I* CM 0

11. EMT ACCESS 0 0

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 42 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = 6.5 S2 = 6 S 3 = 6 S4 = 7

NOTES; A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 ( 72) in aH other cases. B - Use |0| if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 13 b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Housing for the Elderly

_< 3 story - £ 8 units/floor

45
1. CONSTRUCTION

BLHIDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CQMtUSTIOLE nOCOMOOSTWlE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYf€S TYPE 30 NT TYPE 2-U TYPE 20 TYPES U2l -2 0 -2 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8

( ® ) -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -W -4 -8 0 2

SAFETY PABAMnER PAfiMETER VALUES

2 HAZAR80US

AREAS

WITHIN LIVING UNITS Oft ON EXIT ROUTE

DOUBLE DEFICIENCV -7

SINGLE DEFICIENCY -4

•UTSISE LWWG UMTS

MUftLE BEFICIENCY

-4I-7IA

SINGLE BEFICKNCV

NO ALAfiM MAMUM ALARM

»/a E D NOTIFICATION w F D^NOTK^ATION

-1 2 G)

OEnClQKV

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

SINGLE STATION LMM UMTS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL

WTEACOMIKTES SYSTEM LHW6 UMTS BM.Y

EVERY LEVa EVBFY OEMOeM

TrAl WKMNG

5. AUTOMATIC

SPfiWKLERS

CWRIM8S. PI SPACES. nC LWMG LNNTS ONLY C8MNMNS. M.. t PIW.IC SPACES TOTAL ttHLMM

6. INTERIOR FINISH (within living

unitsi

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS 75 5 200 -3

3S5

7 LIVINC UNIT eORM

OOORS A OPENINCS

NO DOOR -2

> 28 MM

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNIT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I BOOR t ESCAPE

>58' TRAV

-I

= 58’ TRAV.

0

REMOTE

EXITS

9 SEPARATION Of

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

WNE OR mCOWPLETE

WALES -20 I BOORS 20 RHN BOORS =20 MM

-6 -2 9|-2)A

WALLS =20 MM I NR. BOONS = 20 IBNI

.

WNUS =1 HR BOONS =20 MM. N/ AC

?-21A

WNLLS =2 IB. 45 MW. / AC

T8 EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANBANO

ROUTES

MM.TIPIE STAMPARO RWTES

BCFICIENT

-6|«t€ -218)E

mmz EXIT BWECT EXIT

DEAfl EHO

11 EXIT ACCESS 188

' 50 100' -2

35 M'

-1

NO SCAB m > J5' A TtAVCl IS.

-158' -2

180 ISO’

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egfess reutesi

FLAME SPREAO RATINGS

-75 s 20D ?V5 S 25

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPER OR WCOMPinE EflCLOSOOC EHCLiSa

THRU 4 Oft MORE FLOORS 2-3 FIRS 1 FLR. < t M.

-10 -7 -2 9 w

14. SMOKE CONTROL

NO CONTROL SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PNf. TBWet SNWKE PART I SMOKE TOWER

MECM RSSISTa ROTOWRTIC

Figure 14a. MPS Requirements

Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - 8 units/floor

46
SAFETY PMMMETER

FHE

C0MTML

(Si)

EGRESS

PIHMOEO

|S2)

REFUGE

PMnNOCO

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIOEO

(S4)

1. C0NSTRUCTH9N 0

M wPW-»-.

: 0 0

2. HAZAR80US AREAS 0 42 0 0 0

3. MAWMIF»E ALARM ^2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DCTECTKIN &

ALARM

42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 2 42(0)8 1 (42)A 1 2

6. MTERtOR FIWSM WITMN

LIVING UNITS -2 -.5 -1

7. LIVING UNIT - mM

DOORS fc OPENINGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 42 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS 0 0

12. INTERIOR FINISH

(egress routes] -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 42 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = 9 $2 = 8 S3= / S4= 10

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (-72) in all other cases. 6 • Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 14b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - £ 8 units/floor

47
1. CONSTRUCTION

BiilLOmG HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

COMBUSTULE RMKOMMBSTItLE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3at3li TYPE 3« NT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2* TYPES lUa -2 0 -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 0 -3 -5 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -K) -2 -4 -8 8 -XlL

SAFETY PASAMETER PMI»ETER VALUES

2. HA2ARB0US AKAS

WITHIN LIVING UNITS ON ON EXIT MUTE

DOUBLE DEFICIENCV -7

SWGIE DEFICIEIKV -4

SUTSWE IWmG UMTS

B8UM.E KFKICNCV -^-7|A

SMGIE BCFICIEKr KHCimV Bcncimv

3. MANUAL F»E S

ALARM

NO ALARM MANUAL ALARM

w/a F 0 NOTKICATION w. F B^nnqcATiON

2 (3 )

4. SMOKE DOECTION

& ALARM

NONE

-4

SINGLE STATION LWMG UMTS I

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

MTSICHINKTES SYSTBI LWMG UMTS ONLY

EVERY LEVa EVERY OEBCMM

TOTAL tUKBMG

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

NOME CORRtaORS. PI SPACES, nc. LWim ihhts only COBRIMRS, im., 0 PWtIC SPACES total 0UH.0W6

6. MTERFOR FINISH

{witlllll living

uflitsi

FLANK SPREAB RATMGS 75<?M

-3

7 Livmc UNIT BORM

OOORS & OPENMCS -2

> 20 RM

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UWT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I BOOR t ESCAPE

-50' TRAV -W TRAV -1

: SO' TRAV

RCaOTE EMTS

9 SEPARATION OF

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM CMJ. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPIETE

WALES >-20 I OOORS <20 MM BOORS >20 -6 -2 9I-2IA

WALLS >20 RMI < I NR. BOORS £20 MM

WAUS =1 Ml BOORS >2B RM w/ AC

21-W

WALLS stm.

BOAAS :4S MM. w/ AC

10 EXIT SYSTEM

'2 STANOAfW

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STAMeVMm ROUTES

BEFICIENT

-2|0tE

BEAO ENO RR BEAM EM > »’ t TlABCl M:

11. EXIT ACCESS ^100' SB 108' 35-50' >150' IBB ISO' «50'

-6|0flJ -2 -1 -2 -1 CO 2

12. INTERIOR FimSH

legless reutesi

FLAME SPREAB RATRKS

>75 < 200 ^5 * 25 -3 0

13 VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR MCOMPEHE EieClOSWK

THRU A OR MORE FLOORS -W -7

I FLR. -2

14 SMOKE CONTROL

NO

CQJtaaOL SMQiU

PAfiTITI^N SMM£ PRf TOWO

S4SOAE PART & SMOKE TOWER

MECN ASS4STGB ABTSaMTIC

BY 2BME BY VMT/COMI. Cil.. 2 2 3 3 4

Figure 15a. MPS Requirements

Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - 8 units/floor

48
SAFETY PARAMETER

FME

CONTROL

ISl)

EGRESS

PROMDED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVRICO

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROVRIED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTKM 2 2 2

2. HAZAREMMJS AREAS 0 42 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM ^•2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTMM 1

ALARM

42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRMKLERS 2 42(0)8 1 (42)Ai 2

6. INTERIOR FIWSH WITHM

LIVINQ UMTS

-2 -

: i

: -1

7. LIVING UMT - BQRM

DOORS & OPEMNGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMAKIN SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 42 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS 0 0

12. INTERIOR FIMSH

(egrtss routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPEMNGS 42 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL

0 0 0

TOTAL II M 1— 00

II CM

t/i S3 = 9 S4 = 12

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (v2) in aH other cases. B - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does net activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 15b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story _< 8 units/floor

49
1. CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

C0M8USTWLE IMMCBMOUSTIttE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 3 D TYPES 3JA3V TYPE H HT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2ll TYPES IA2l -2 (0 -2 e -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 0 -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -to -2 -4 -8 0 2

SAFny PARAMETER PASAHETER VALUES

2. HAZAROOUS

AREAS

WITHIN LIVING UNITS OR ON EXIT ROUTE

DOUBLE OEriCIETTCr SINGLE DEFICIENCT -4

WTSI0E LWHK UNITS

BSUSLE DCFICKNCY -41 -7 ^

SINGLE BEFICiCHCY

e

NOME M NS

CY

NO ALARM mwiki ALARM

m/e F D/N«Y|(ICATISN H F 0 NOTIFICATION

-1 G) 3

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

SINGLE STATION LIVING UMTS WLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

MTEACMMCTEB SYSTI

LKTINC UMTS ONLY

EVERY LEWI EVERY BEMMRI

TOTAL WILMHG

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

CORRIBWIS. PUGLIC SPACES. ETC LIVING UMTS 0N1Y

2|e|fi

CBMRMtS. M.. A PWlIC SPACES TiTAL WRMN6

6. INTERIOR FINISH Iwithin living

uflitsi

FLAME SPREAG RATINGS 25 S75

-I

<25

7. LIVING UNO

DOORS & OPENINGS -2

8 EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNIT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I BOOR A ESCAPE

-50' TRAV -2

-58' TRAV -1

I 58' TRAV.

RCMTE

EXITS

S. SEPAiRATION OF

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >28 MM

DOORS <20 MM BOORS >20 RNN -6 -2 9|-2)A

WALLS £20 MM < I Mt. MORS £20 MM

MALLS >1 M

OOORS £20 MM. w/ AC

ai-2)A

OMLLS *2 «.

OOORS £4$ MM. w/ AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

c 2 STANOARO

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANOARO ROUTES

-6[0|E

H«nz EXIT BWCCT EXIT

DEAD ENO

11. EXIT ACCESS - 6| 0|0

50 100' -2

NO KAO EM > »' A TMVe. IS:

• 150' 100 150’

-I

SO-100'

12. INTERIOR FINISH legfess routes!

FLAME SPREAD RATWeS

>75 < 200 '5 < 25 -3 0

OPEN OR INCOMPLETE EHaOSORE ENCIRSEB

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS 1 FIR < 1 «

-10 -7 -2 9 JasL.

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14 SMOKE CONTROL

NO CONTROL P^T^NSRWNE PRf TOWER SMOKE PART A SMOKE TOWER

MGCR ASS«T9 AVTOMRnC

IV ZONE IV MHT/CORR.

Figure 16a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

_< 3 story - > 8 units/floor

50
SAFETY PARAMETER

FNC

CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROVOEO

(S2)

REFUGE

mmm

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIOED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0 0

2. HAZAKOOUS AREAS 0 o

CM 0 0

3. NIANUAL FtRE ALARM 42 1 2 2

4. SMOKE DETECTION fc ALARM

42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 42(0')B 0 (v2)Ao 0

6. INTERIOR FHNSN WITHM

LIVINC UMTS

1

—

1

CM 1

* ^ : -3

7. LIVING UNIT - DORM

DOORS & OPENINGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 f2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 v2 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH

1 egress routed -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS t

—

1

CM 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL Si = 5.5 $2= 5 S3= 7

00 II

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (42) in alt other cases. B - Use (0| if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 16b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

_< 3 story - > 8 units/floor

51
1. CONSTRUCTION BUILOMG HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CSMWSTIBLE WNCBMSUSTIBLE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE3-U TYPES 3a*3B TYPE 38 NT TYPE 2 U TYPE 2b TYPES It2a -2 0 -2 -1 -2 2 2

4-e ST«Y -8 -2 -1 © -3 -5 2 2 OVER 1 STORY -W -4 -W -4 -8 0 2

SAftTY P«#MCTER PMMKTES VALUES

2. HAZARBOUS AI^S

WTHW LIVING UNITS OR ON EXIT RSUTE

BOURLE DEEICIOtCY -7

SINGLE DEFICIfIKV

WTSI9E LIVWG UMTS MMLE KFICHKY SMGLE BEFICKNCY

NO ALARM m»mkL AlMtM

w/e F.O mT»FtCATt0N w/ F B CATION

-1 2

NONE OR NO BEFIC^CY

3. MANUALFIRE ALARM

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

NONE

SINGLE STATION LIVING UMTS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEBROOM

3 4

TOTAL

BUILDING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

CBRRMORS. SPACES, nc. LIVING UNITS ONLY CORRIBDRS. HAS . A PUBLIC SPACES

<K)|«

TOTAL BUILDING

6. WTERIOfi FINISH [within living

units)

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

•25 «75

-1

:25

7. LIVING UNTT- 60RM

DOORS & OPENINGS

NO DOOR -2: 20 MW

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UMT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR & ESCAPE WWOOWS

•50' TRAV -2»50’ TRAV. -1- 50' TRAV

REMOTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MW

DOORS <20 MM DOORS >20 MM

-6 01-2]A

WALLS >20 MIN < 1 HR DOORS :20 MIN WALLS >1 HR DOORS :20 MIN w AC

2[-2)A

WALLS £2 HR DOORS >45 MW w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

c 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-G|0|£

w/0 HORIZ DIRECT EXIT

11. EXIT ACCESS • 100

'

-6) 0)0

50 106' -2

NO DEAD END > 35' A TRAVEL IS

-150' -2

100 150'

-I

50 100'

12. INTERIOR FINISH [egress routes)

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

>75 <200 -3 m.

« 25

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR INCOMPLETE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS I FLR < 1 HR

-10 -7 -2 0 's^oia'

14. SMOKE CONTROL

NO

CONTROL P SMOKE ^RWHDN

SMOKE PRF. TOWER SMOKE PART, t SMOKE TOWER

MECH. ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

0 2 3 3 4

Figure 17a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor

52
SAFETY PARAMETER

FME

CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PIKIVBED

|S2l

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

|S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 ! 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 42 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM 4-2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM 42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 2 42(0)8 1 It2|A 1 2

6. INTERIOR FIWSH WITWN

LIVING UMTS

-2 -1.5 -3

7. LIVING UNIT - DDRM

V DOORS & OPENINGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s)

-1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COIVHMON SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 42 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 42 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL Si = 8 S2= 7 S3= 8 S4= 7

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (4-2) in all other cases. B - Use (Oj if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 17b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor

53
1. CSMSTMICTeN

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CMRmSTMlE NONCOHSUSTIBLE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE 3 « TYPES 3«*3* TYPE 3i NT nPE 2 U TYPE 2t TYPES IA2a -2 0 -2 0 -I -2 2 2

4-6 STOY -8 -2 -8 0 -3 -5 2 OVER 6 STMY -10 -4 -M -2 -4 -8 0 (n

SAFETY PAW*»ETER PMMETER VALUES

2. HAZARBOUS

AREAS

WITHW Lwm UWTS Off ON EXIT ffMTE •UTSWE LIVING JMTS NONE OR NO DOOIIE DEFICIENCY SINGLE DEFICIENCY DtUNLE SEFICIENCY SINGLE DEFICIENCY BEFJ^ttNCY

-7 -4 -4[-7)A 0 _LlL

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

-1

MMtUXL ALARM

w/0 F E) NeriFICATION » FO ICATtON

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

SWeLE STATWN UVMG UMTS SNir

SINGLE LEVEL

INTEKONNECTED SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY BEBROOM

TOTAL

BUILDING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

CMRIMIS. puguc SPACES. HC LIVING UNITS ONLY CORRIDORS. NAB . i PUBLIC SPACES

4(0)B 6

TOTAL BUILDING

6. INTERIOR FINISH

[within living

units]

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS -25 «75

-1

:25

7. LIVING UNIT - BORM

DOORS & OPENINGS -2

> 20 MIN

8 EGRESS FROM

LIVING UMTIs]

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR A ESCAPE WINOOWS

-50' TRAV -2 -1

= 50’ TRAV

REMOIE

EXITS

9 SEPARATION OF LIVMG UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MIN OeORS < 20 MIN DOORS >20 MIN -6 -2 01-2)A

WALLS >20 MIN - I HR DOORS £20 MIN WALLS >1 HR DOORS £20 MEN w AC

2I-21A

WALLS £ 2 HR DOORS £ 45 MIN w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

: 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

OEFiQFNT

-6I01E

H0RI2 EXIT DIRECT EXIT

11. EXIT ACCESS • 100

’

-6|0to -2

NO DEAD END > 35' A TRAVEL IS

-150' -2

1 00- 150'

-1

50 100'

12. INTERIOR FINISH [egress routes]

FLAAK SPREAD RATINGS

>75 < 200 -3

OPEN Off INCOMPirrE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THffU 4 Oft MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS. 1 FLR < 1 HR. -10 -7 -2 0 V^iojV

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14. SMOKE CONTROL

NO CONTROL SMOKE PAAMUON P»MtONSMOKE PRF. TOWER

SMOKE PART A SMOKE TOWER

MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

3 4

Figure 18a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor

54
SAFETY PARAMETER

FIRE CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROVKiO

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIOCO

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PfIOVIOED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 2 2 2

2. HAZAROOUS AREAS 0 42 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM -2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM

42 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 2 42(0|B 1 142)A 1 2

6. INTERIOR FIMSM WITMN

LIVilC UMTS

v2 -1.5 -3

7. LIVHK; UNIT - DORM

DOORS & OPENMOS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s)

-1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMN^ SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 42 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH

(egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 42 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL oo II t- o S2 = 7 S3 = 10 S4 = 9

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (t2) in all other cases. B - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activ^e building fire alarm system.

Figure 18b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor

55
1. CONSTMCTISN

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CeOMSTMLE NCNCOMOUSTieLE T/PT»^U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3a&3* TYPE 3B HT TYPE 2 U TYPE 20 TYPES I&2a

0 -2 9 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 S -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -W -2 -4 -8 0 2

SAfETY PABAMHER NMatETER VAiUES

2. HAZARDOUS

AREAS

WITHm Ltvmc UNITS OR ON EXIT ROUTE

DOUBLE DEFICIENCY -7

SmClE DEFICIENCY -4

eOTSlOE LIVING UNITS

0806LE DEFICIENCY

-7|A

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

NONE OR NO

CY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

NO ALARM mmjAL ALARM

w/0 F.D. NSTtflCATION w F D NDTIFICATI6H

2 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

NONE

SINGLE STATION LWINC UNITS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERYLEVEl

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

LIVINC UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEDROOM

3 4

TOTAL

Bull DING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

CORRIOORS. PUBLIC SPACES. HC. LIVING UNITS ONLY

2|0|B

CORRIOORS. HA6.. t PUBLIC SPACES

4<8|B

TOTAL BUILDING

6. INTERIOR FINISH (within living

units!

FLAME SPREW RATINGS -25-75

-1

-25

7. LIVING UNfT BORM. DOORS & OPENINGS -2

: 26 MW

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNtTisl

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR & ESCAPE WINDOWS

-50’ TRAV. -50’ TRAV.

-1

: 50’ TRAV

REMOTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION OF LIVnG UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER 8. FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MIN DOORS - 20 MW. door: -6

WALLS >20 MIN - 1 HR DOORS £20 MIN WALLS £l HR DOORS > 20 MIN w AC

21-21A 4(-2|A

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

DEFICIENT -6| 0 |£ -2(0t£w^Tii^z HORIZ EXIT DIRECT EXIT

WALLS £ 2 HR DOORS >45 MIN. w AC

DEAD EMD NO DEAD END >35 1 TRAVEL IS:

11. EXIT ACCESS >100’ 50 100 >150' 100-150' 50-100' -50'

-6|0|0 -2 w -2 -1 0 2

12. INTERIOR FINISH [egress routes]

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS >75- 200 ^5 - 25 -3 0

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR INCOMPLETE ENCLOSURE

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS -10

2-3 FLRS -2 ZIOjA

NO SMOKE SMOKE PRF. SMOKE PART &

MECH. ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

14. SMOKE CONTROL CQNfWa PARTITION TOWER SMOKE TOWER BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR w 2 2 3 3 4

Figure 19a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

1-2 story - ^ 8 units/floor

56
SAFETY PARAMETER

FWE

CONTROL

(Si)

BORESS

PNOVBED

|S2)

REFUGE

PROVIOEO

(S3)

GEI^PUU. FIRE SAFHY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION -2 -2 -2

2. HAZAROeUS AREAS 0 4-2 0 0 0

O MlMiUI rmc U AM -s-2 - .i -1 -1

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM v2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 f2(0^ 0 |f2)AO 0

6. INTERIOR FIWSN WTMM

LIVMQ UNITS v2 -1.5 iiiiiiiiiii Illllllllli -3

7. LIVINO UNIT - BORM

DOORS & 0PEMN6S 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER & FROM COMMON SPACES

-2 ^2 -1 -2 -2

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 o

•I* CM 0

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH [egress routes] -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS ^2 0 0 0 0

14. SMOKE CONTRa 0 0 0

TOTAL Si =-5 S2= -3 S3= -4 S4 = -9

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 |-f2) in aH other cases. B - Use |0| if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 19b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

1-2 story - ^ 8 units/floor

57
1. CDNSTRUCTKW

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

ce«msTt«.E NONCOMBUSTIBLE

TYPE 4 U nPE 3-U TYPES 3a*31i TYPE 3B HT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2t TYPES l&2a -2 o -2 e -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STWY -8 -2 -8 0 -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -M -2 -4 -8 0 2

SAFETY PARAAKTER PAfiitlKTER VALUES

2. HAZARDOUS

AREAS

WITHW LIVING UNITS (Nt SM EXIT MUTE

00U8LE BEFICIENCY -7

SINGLE HFICIEHCV

MTSWE LIVING UMTS MUME BEFICICNCy

-4|-7)A

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

NONE OR NO

OEFtCSNCY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

NO ALARM

-1

MANUAL ALARM w/0 F DyMTH^ICATtdN w FO NCTIFKATION G7 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

-4

SIWU.E STATION LWttlG UNITS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

IHTERCOINIECTEO SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVBIY BEDROOM

3 4

TOTAL

BUILDING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

cemiooAS. public spaces, nc. living units only

2| 0|e

CORRIBORS. HAS., i PUBLIC SPACES TOTAL BUILDING

6

6. INTERIOR FINISH {within living

units)

FLAME SPREAO RATINGS OO -25-75 -25

7. LIVING UMT - BORM

DOORS & OPENINGS

NO DOOR -2

: 20 MIN

8 EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNtTjsl

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR & ESCAPE WINSOWS

-50' TRAV -2-50' TRAV ;50' TRAV

REMOTE Exns

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES!

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS »20 MtN DOORS - 20 MW DOORS >20 MIN -6 01-21

A

WALLS >20 MIN - I HR DOORS :20 MIN WALLS £l HR doors: 20 MIN w AC

2I-2IA

WALLS :2HR

DOORS >45 Mm w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

<2 STANOARO

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-GjOIE

w.o HORIZ DIRECT EXIT

DEAD ENO

11. EXIT ACCESS -8| 0|0

50-100' -2

NO DEAD ENO > 35' A TRAVEL IS.

- 150

'

-2

100-150' 50-100' '50'

12. INTERIOR FINISH {egress routes)

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS >75- 200

1= - 25 -3 0

OPEN Oft INCOMPLETE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS 1 FLR « 1 HR

-to -7 -2 0 VgiojV

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14. SMOKE CONTROL

nu ^N^L

SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART t SMOKE TOWER

MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 20a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

3 story - 8 units/floor

58
SAFETY PAMMETER

FIRE CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROWEO

(S2)

REFUGE

pROvneo

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4l

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS

0

•2-2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM -2 1 2 2

4. SMOKE DETECTION A

ALARM F2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0

v2|0)B 0(v2)A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FMISN WITHIN LIVMQ UNITS

-5-2 -1.5

; -3

7. LIVINe UNIT - BDRM

DOORS A OPEMNOS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNITIs)

: -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

A FROM COMMON SPACES

4 ^2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 v2 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH

(egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 5-2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = 5.5 S2 = 3 S3= 5 S4 = 2

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (vZ) in aH other cases. B - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activ^e building fire alarm system.

Figure 20b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

3 story - ^ 8 units/floor

59
1. CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CBMBUSrmE NONCOAffiUSTIBLE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE3U TYPES 3at» nPE 38 NT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2b TYPES l&2a -2 0 -2 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -1 -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STCMY -10 -4 -to V -4 -8 0 2

SAFETY P««»ETES PAMSETEP VALUES

2. HA2APOOUS

AREAS

WITHW LIVING UNITS M ON EXIT MUTE

DOUBLE DEFKIEHCV SWCLE DEFICIENCY -4

•UTSIBE LIVING UMTS

DOUBLE DEFICIENCY

-4|-7|A

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

MMKJM AlMtM

w/a F 0 NOTIFICATION w, FB^Nm^lCATION

2 (3)

NONE OR NO

BEFffilEflCY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

NO ALARM

-1

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

NONE

SINGLE STATION LIVWG UMTS ONLY WTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL LIVWG UNITS ONLY TOTAL

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEDROOM 6UILDWG -4 0 CO 3 4 6

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

C6«fllWRS, PUBLIC SPACES. ETC LIVIttG imiTS OfiLV CORRIDORS. HAB , K PUBLIC SPACES TOTAL BUILDING (p 210)8 4|0)B 6 8

6. INTERIOR FINISH

[within living

unitsi

FLAME SPREAD RATMCS

T-.20O “25 «75 <25

7. LIVING IR«T- BDRM. DOORS & OPENINGS -2

> 20 MW

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UMT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR t ESCAPE WWOOWS

-50' TRAV. -50' TRAV

-t

< 50’ TRAV

REMOTE

EXITS

9 SEPARATION OF

LIVING UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MW

DOORS < 20 MW. DOORS >20 MIN -6 0I-2IA

WALLS *20 MIN « 1 HR DOORS >20 MIN WALLS £l HR DOORS > 20 MIN w AC

2I-2IA

WALLS ±2 HR DOORS: 45 MIN w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6| 0}£

w/0 HORI2. HORI2 EXIT

DEAO ENO NO DEAD END > 35' t TRAVEL IS

11. EXIT ACCESS »I00' 50-IOO’ >150' 100-150' 50-100' <50'

-6|0)O -2 CD -2 -t 0 2

12. INTERIOR FINISH [egress routes]

FIAME SPREAD RATINGS >75 <200 ^5 - 25 -3 0

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR INCOMPLETE ENCLOSURE

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS

-HI

2-3 FLRS. -7

I FLR -2

HO SMOKE SMOKE PRF SMOKE PART & MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

14. SMOKE CONTROL CQN4A0L PARTITION TOWER SMOKE TOWER BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR w 2 2 3 3 4

Figure 21a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - ^ 8 units/floor

60
SAFETY PMMMKTEft

FME

CRNTRIL

(Si)

BGNISS

PRDVRiD

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVMED

|S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CWSTMJCTION 0 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 4-2 0 0 0

3 MANUAl. FIRE ALARM v2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTMM 1

ALARM

-^2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 42(0)B 0 (42)A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FINISH \MTHRI

LI¥INe UMTS

^2 -1.5

i —> -3

7. LIVIN6 UMT - MNW

DOORS A OPEMNOS

: : 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMT|s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

A FROM COMMON SPACES

4 42 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 1

—

1

•I* CM 1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. WTERiOR FIMSH

(egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPEWNCS

I

—

i

•I* CM 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL

? . ^ 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = 6 S2 = 4 S3 = 5 S4= 3

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (42) in aH other cases. B - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system dees not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 21b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

4-6 story - ^ 8 units/floor

61
1. CORSTIIUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CMMISTWLE HONCDMSUSTItLE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-0 TYPES 3a*3* TYPE 3B HT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2b TYPES l&2a -2 e -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STWY -8 -2 -8 6 -3 -5 2 OVER 6 STORY -to -4 -M -2 -4 -1 0 ( 2 )

SAFETY PA«iMETER nKUMETEB VAiUES

2. HAZAfieOUS AREAS

WITHW ItVMG WMTS «« M EXIT R<WTE

D8UBLE BCnCIENCV -7

SINGEE BCFICIEItCY

MTSI9E LIVINC UNITS SWW.E MFICICNCY

-<|-7tA

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

NO ALARM M*HUU ALARM

w/s F 0 NOTIFICATieij w. FD ^WHqCATION

-1 2

NONE DR NO

DEFKIENCY

3. MAMJALFIRE ALARM

4. SMOKE OETECTKm

S AL7WM

NONE

SWCLE STATION LWMG UMTS BNLY WTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

SWGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

LIVING UNITS ONLY TOTAL

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEDROOM BUH.DMG -4 e 3 4 6

CORRIDORS. PUBLIC SPACES. HC. Ltvmc UMTS OttlY CORRI80RS, HAB . A PUBLIC SPACES TOTAL BUILDING _Q_ 2(0|S ^fll« 6 8

5. AUTOMATIC SPRMiaERS

6. MTERiORFIMSH

(within living

units!

FLAME SPREAD RATWGS

-25 *75

-1

*25

7. LIVMG UNTT - BORM. DOORS & OPENINOS -2

: 20 MW

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNIT(s|

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR t ESCAPE WINDOWS

-50' TRAV. -2«56' TRAV

-1

* 50' TRAV

REMOTE

EXITS

9 SEPARATION OF

LIVING IRRTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPEHE

WALLS >20 MM

DOORS * 20 MW DOORS >20 MW

-2 0I-21A

WALLS >20 MIN * I HR DOORS £20 MIN WALLS £l HR DOORS £20 MIN w AC

2|-2(A

< 2 STANOAflO RHJLTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

10 EXIT SYSTEM ROUTES

DJPIOH(T w 0 HORIZ HORIZ EXIT DIRECT EXIT

-S!0!E V2|0!s) 0 2 4

WALLS £2 HR DOORS £45 MW w AC

It. EXIT ACCESS

-G(0)0

50100' -2

12. INTERItm FINISH (egress routes!

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS >75* 200 -3 ^5 « 25

NO DEAD END > 35' S TRAVEL IS.

-150' 100150'

-I

50 100'

OPEN OR INCOMPLE rE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS 1 FLR « I HR Wl-HRv

-to -7 -2 0 VgoiV

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14. SMOKE CONTROL

NO

CPNEHQL SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART S SMOKE TOWER

MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 22a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - ^ 8 units/floor

62
SAFETY PAMMETER

FME

CONTROL

(Sll

EGKSS

PiOVBEO

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

|S4)

1. CONSTRUCTKM 2 2 2

2. HAZAMOUS AREAS 0 1-2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM •^2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE OETECTHM fc ALARM -2 1 2 2

S. AUTOMATIC SPRRIKLERS 0 v2(0)B 0 ( t21A 0 0

6. MTERKIR FINfSN VMTMN

LIVING UMTS

-2 -1.5

> -3

7. LIVING UMT • RMM

DOORS & OPEMNGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 v2 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routed

-1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPEMNGS ^2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CCMTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL H 00 S2 = 4 S3= / S4 = 5

NOTES; A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (t2) in all other cases. B - Use (Oj if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 22b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Multifamily Housing

> 6 story - ^ 8 units/floor

63
1. CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

COMWSTItLE NONCOMBUSTI8LE

TYPE 4 U TYPE 3-U TYPES 3a*3* nPE 36 NT TYPE 2 U TYPE 21) TYPES 1A2a -2 C«) -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STWY -8 -2 -1 0 -3 -5 2 2 ova S STORY -to -4 -W -2 -4 -8 0 2

S«fETY PAAMieTER PM^MTTER VALUES

2. HAZARDOUS

AREAS

mTHW LIVMG UMTS M M EXIT MUTE

D«U8iE DEFICIENCy -7

SWGLE BCFtCKNCY -4

MTSIBE LWMC UMTS BMOtE KFICKHCr

-4(-7)A

SItFGLE BEFICIENCY

MANUAL ALARM

w/< F D^^-MBAIflCATIM w/ F B MTIFICATION G) 3

NOME OF) NO DEFJC^CY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

HO AEANM

-1

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

-4

SmeiE STATION LIV1MG UNITS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM LWWC UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEMOOM

3 4

TOTAL

BUILDING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS S:

CBNRIMRS. PUBLIC SPACES. HC. LIVNK UNITS ONLY

2( 0)8

CORRIBORS. HAS.. A PUBLIC SPACES

4^)8 6

TOTAL BUILDING

6. INTERIOR FIMSH

(within living

units)

FLAMC SPREAD RATINGS •75«208 -3

5 «'X5 :25

7. LIVWG UMT- B8RM

DOORS & OPENINGS -2

> 20 MW

8. EStESSFROM

LIVING UMT(s)

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR A ESCAPE WWDOWS

50' TRAV -2>58’ TRAV

-I

« 50’ TRAV.

REMOTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS »20 RNN DOORS « 20 MW eCSRS >20 MIN -6 -2 0I-2IA

WALLS >20 MIN < 1 HR. DOORS :20 MIN WALLS HR DOORS >20 MIN w AC

2(-2]A

WALLS £2 HR DOORS >45 MIN w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6|0)E

w 0 HORIZ

II. EXIT ACCESS 100

'

-6( 0)0

50-100'

NO DEAD END > 35' A TRAVEL IS:

-150' -2

100 ISO' 50 100' 50'

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes)

FLAAK SPREAD RATINGS >75 s 200 75 s 25 -3 0

OPEN OR WCOMPIETE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS 1 FLR < 1 HR arms.

-10 -7 -2 0 <210)3/

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14. SMOKE CONTROL

NO CONTROL SMOKE pmuzoN

w.

SMOKE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART A SMOKE TOWER

MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 23a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

3 story - > 8 units/floor

64
SAFETY PMMMETU

FME

CONTROL

|Sl)

SRESS

PfNMOED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVilED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 6 1

0 0

2. HAZAROOUS AREAS 0 s-2 0 0 0

3 fire tLMM 1

—

I

CM 2 2

4. SMOKE BETECTMM A

ALARM t2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 5-210^ 0 (f2)A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FIWSN WITHIN

LIVING UMTS

-2 - .3 -1

7. LIVING UNIT - BORM

DOORS A OPENINGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s)

-1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

A FROM COMMON SPACES

4 v2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH

(egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS f

—

1

CM 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL . 2 2 2

TOTAL Si = 6.5 S2= 5 $3 = 7 S4 = 6

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (4-2) in aH other cases. B - Use (Oj if operation of sprinkler system docs not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 23b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly ^ 3 story - > 8 units/floor

65
1. CONSTRUCTeN

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CSMMSTIW.E HONCOWSUSTIBLE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-M TYPES 3M3* TYPE 31 NT. nPE 2-U TYPE 2b TYPES Ii2a -2 0 -2 e -1 -2 2 2

4-6 ST«Y -8 -2 -« -3 -5 2 2 0Vn C STMtY -10 -4 -M V -4 -• 0 2

SAFHY PMMCTER PMMHETEfi VM.UES

2. HAZAttBOUS mAS

WTKIN LIVHK lINtTS OR (m EXIT MUTE

DeUBEE DEFICIENCV -7

SHteiE MFIOEKCY

eUTSWE LIVW€ UMTS MtWlE KFKIUCY

-4I-71A

SHUCEE DEFICIENCY

MANUAL ALARM

w/a F 0 MOTIFICATNW «/ FB/KTlNfATIBN

2 GJ

NONE DR NO BEFK0CY BEFCJOCY

3. MANUAL FME ALARM

NO ALARM

4. SMOKE OFTECTION tnum

-4

SMGLE STATION LWM6 UMTS M.Y

SWCLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

HITERC8NNECTED SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEBRBOM

3 4

TOTAL 10 H. DWG

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

COMHMKS. SPACES. ETC. LIVINC UMTS ONLY COflRWeRS. HAS.. I PUBLIC SPACES TOTAL BUILBWC

6. MTERI8R FINISH Iwithin living

units)

FLAFAE SPREAB RATINGS 75;200 25

7. LIVING UMT - B8RM

DOORS & OPENINGS

NO BOOR -2

: 26 MW

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVMG UMT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I BOOR t ESCAPE WWOOWS

-50’ TRAV -50' TRAV

-1

REMOTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION Of

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPEHE

WALLS >20 MIN DOORS <20 MW DOORS :20 MW

-6 0I-2IA

WALLS :20 MIN < I HR DOORS >20 MIN WALLS :l HR DOORS >20 MIN w AC

2I-2IA

WALLS £2 HR DOORS >45 AUN w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

2 STANOARB

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANOARO ROUTES

-6|0)E

w/0 H6IH2

11. EXIT ACCESS •lOfl-

-6)0)0

50I00' -2

NO DEAD END > 35'

t

TRAVEL IS:

-150' 100-150' 50-100'

12. INTERIOR FRHSH

legless routes)

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS < 25

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN BR INCOMPLE IE ENCLOSURE CNCLOStD

TWIU 4 OR MORE FIOBRS 2-3 ELRS. 1 FLR -c I HR. -10 -7 -2 0

14. SMOKE CONTROL

HO CONTROL SMOKE

PADTIE(0N SMOKE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART I SMOKE TOWER

MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 24a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor

66
smvtmimm ill

EGRESS

nWfUiil

(S2)

REFUGE

PMHNOED

|S3l

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROVtDED

|S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 ^2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FME ALARM v2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE OETECTHN &

ALARM 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 2

v2(0)B 1 1^2(A 1 2

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

LIVING UNITS ^2 -.5 -1

7. LIVING UNIT - BORM

DOORS & OPENMGS

0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s]

-1 -1

9. SEPARATKRI OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 ^2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 v2 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 « -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress roytesj

-1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS v2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL Si = 9 S2= 7 S3= 8 S4 = 9

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction. Divide by 2 (-s-Z) in all other cases. B - Use (0) if OReratlen of sprinkler system dews not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 24b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - > 8 units/floor

67
1. CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STWY

CDRSUSTMIC NONCOMBUSTIBLE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3»A3B TYPE 38 HT. TYPE 2-U TYPE 2b TYPES IA2a -2 0 -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-S STWY -8 -2 -8 0 -3 -5 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -»0 -2 -4 -8 0

SAFETY PARAMETEfl PfitAMETER VAiUES

2. HAZAftOOUS mAS

WIIWM LIVmG UNITS OR ON CXIT ROUTE

DSURIE BEFICIENCY -7SMGIE DCFICieNCY -4

9UTSOE LIVmG UNITS BOUeiE BEFICIEHCY

-4i-7|A

SINGIE OEFICIENCY

NO ALARM MANUAL ALARM

w/a F 0 HOTIFICATteN CATION -1 2

HON E OR NO

OEEiCIENCY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

4 SMOKE KTECTION

& AL7WM

NONE

-4

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

SmClE STATION LIVING UNITS ONLY

SHKIE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

COmOORS. RUtLIC SPACES. aHC

2|0|S

INTERCOHHECIEO SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEBROOM

3 4

LWINC UNITS ONLY

TOTAL

BUILDING

CORRIDORS. HAB., i PUBLIC SPACES

6

TOTAL BUILDING

6. WTERtOR FINISH Iwithin living

units]

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

•75 <200 -3

s25

7. LIVING UNIT - BORM. DOORS fc OPENINGS

HO DOOR -2

> 20 MW

8 EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNIT|s!

SINGLE ROUTE 1 DOOR A ESCAPE WINDOWS

*50' TRAV. -2

>50' TRAV < 50’ TRAV

REMOTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MIN DOORS < 20 MW DOORS >20 MIN -6 0I-2IA

WALLS >20 MIN. < I HR DOORS >20 MIN WALLS >1 HR DOORS' 20 MIN w AC

2|-2|A

WALLS £2 HR DOORS' 45 MW w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6|0|E

w. o HORIZ.

DEAD END

11. EXIT ACCESS

NO DEAD END > 35 A TRAVEL IS: >100' 50-100’ /STSB^ >150' 100-150' 50 100' <50'

-6]0]O -2 -2 -1 0 2

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS >75 < 200 /?^5 < 25

12. INTERIOR FINISH {egress routes] -3

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR INCOMPLE FE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS. 1 FLR < 1 HR arrmc

-10 -7 -2 0

14 SMOKE CONTROL

NO CQlWtOL SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART A SMOKE TOWER

MECH. ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 25a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - ^ 8 units/floor

68
SAFETY PMMMETER

FIRE CONTROL

|Sll

EGRESS

PROVnEO

|S2l

REFUGE

PROVIDEO

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROVIDED

|S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 2 2 2

2. HAZANDOUS AREAS 0 ^2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM -2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 v2(0]B 0 (f2)A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITMN

LIVING UMTS

^2 - -1

7. LIVING UMT - BORM

DOORS & OPENINGS . 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMT(sl -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 v2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 5-2 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FIMSH

(egress routes] -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS v2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = 9 S2 = 4 S3 = 7 S4 = 7

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3*U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (-;-2) in all other cases. B - Use |0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 25b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story ^

8 units/floor

69
1. CONSTRUCTION BUtLDWG HEIGHT

1-3 ST0RY

C8SSUSTWLE NONCOWBUSTIBLE TYfE^U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPfS 3*&3R TYPE 3B HT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2b nPES liZa (-2 ) 0 -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-S ST0RY -2 -8 6 -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -TO -4 -M -2 -4 -8 0 2

SAFETY PARMSTER PARAMETER VAEUES

2. HAZAflSOUS AREAS

WITHIN LIVHK UMTS OR ON EXIT ROUTE

OOUeiE DEFICIENCY -7

SINCIE BEFICIEMCY -4

MTSWC LIVM«G UMTS SOMEE BCFICIEIICY -M-m

SINSIE DEFICIENCY

MANUAL Aimi

w/a F 0 NOTIFICATION w F 0. NOTIFICATieN

2 3

NONE DR NO

DEFICIENCY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

NO ALARM

4. SMOKE DETECTION & AU»M

NONE

SINGLE STATION LIVING UMTS »N.Y

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

INTERCONNECTEO SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEDROOM

3 4

TOTAL

BUILDING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

COReiOOfiS. PUBLIC SPACES. HC. LIVING UNITS ONLY coRRieoes. hab . t public spaces

4}0|8

TOTAL BUILDING

6. WTERtOI FMISH

Iwithin living

unitsi

FLAAK SPREAD RATINGS

-75 = 200 -3

= 25

7. LIVRH: IRNT - B8RM

DOORS & DPENINCS -2

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UfMT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE BOOR t ESCAPE WINBOWS

-50' TRAV. -2-50' TRAV -1

«50' TRAV

REMOTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MIN DOORS < 20 MW OOORS^O MIN -6 -2

WALLS >20 MIN « I HR DOORS =20 MIN WALLS :l HR DOORS =20 MIN w AC

2I-2IA 4{-2)A

WALLS >2 HR DOORS: 45 MW w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

DEFICIENT

-6|0)E -2|0fE

HORIZ. EXIT DIRECT EXIT

DEAD END

11. EXIT ACCESS - 100

'

-6| 0)0

58-108' -2

NO DEAD END >35' A TRAVEL IS:

-150' -2

100-150'

-1

50-100'

0

12. INTERIOR FINISH [egress routes]

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS >75= 200 S 25

OPCN OR INCOMPLUt ENCtOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS. 1 FLR >1 HR -10 -7 -2 jlJ 2|0|A

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

HO

14. SMOKE CONTROL

SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PRF. TOWER SMOKE PART, t SMOKE TOWER

MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 26a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

1-2 story - ± ^ units/floor

70
SAFETY PAMMITER

FME

CONTROL

(Sll

EGRESS

PROVKES

(S2l

REFUGE

PROVBEO

(S3)

GENERAL FME

SAFETY PROVnED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION -2 -2 -2

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 ^2 0 0 0

4 riK |j ASM v2 - .5 -1 -1

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM ^2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 i2|0)B 0 (t2)A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FINISH MTHM

LIVING UMTS

v2 - .5 -1

7. LIVING UMT • RDRM

DOORS 1 OPENMGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING UMT|s] -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

-2 -1 -2 -2

10. EXIT SYSTEM 0 v2 0 0

11. EXIT ACCESS

; ; -1 -1

12. WTERKMFIMSH

(egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS -5-2 0 0 0 0

14. SMOKE CONTRa 0 0 0

TOTAL Sl = -4 S2 = -3 S3 = -4 00 II 1

NOTES; A - Use full value if Safety

Divide by 2 (-fZ) in aH o B - Use (0) if oper^ien of s alarm system.

Parameter 1 is ther cases,

prink ler system

b»sed on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction,

n does net activate building fire

Figure 26b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

1-2 story - ^ 8 units/floor

71
1. OMSTRyCTION

Blitt-DING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CSe^STNlE N0NCBM6USTI6LE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 3-U TYPES 3a6» TYPE 36 MT TYPE 2-U TYPE 2b TYPES IA2a -2 CO -2 8 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 e -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -to -4 -W -2 -4 -8 9 2

SAFETY PA8««£TER P«tA»nEe VAiUES

2. HAZAfiSOUS AREAS

WITHW LIVH«G UWTS OS SM EXIT MOTE

B8UBIE DEFICIENCY -7SINGIE DEFICIENCY -4

eyiSISE LIYNIC UMTS BemE DEFICKMCY

-4|-7fA

SWCEE DEFICIENCY

MARUAl ALARM

w/e F.B/«3Y4(ICATI»N w, ED H8TIFICATI0N CO 3

NONE OR NO

SEEIfittNCY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

-1

4. SMEWEKTECTKW

6 ALARM

NONE

-4

SmeiE STATION UVMC UNITS SNEY

SWaE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

INTERCWMECTED SYSTEM LWWC UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEBRSOM

3 4

TOTAL

BUILDINC

5. AUT94ATIC

SPRINKLERS

C8f?RI»a«S, PU8LIC SPACES. ETC. LIVIN6 UNITS ONLY

2KK6

CORRIDORS. HAS., t PUBLIC SPACES

6

TOTAL BUILDING

6. INTERIOR FINISH Iwithin living

units)

FLAME SPREAO RATINGS

-75 = 200

7. LIVING IMT - BORM. DOORS & OPENINGS

> 20 MW

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING l»«T|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I BOOR & ESCAPE WWBDWS

-50’ TRAV. -2

9. SEPARATION OF LIVMG UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

-6

-50' TRAV.

-1

' 50' TRAV.

WALLS *20 MW

DOORS « 20 MW DOORS *20 MW

-2 0I-2IA

REMOTE

EXITS

WALLS *20 MW « I HR. DOORS >20 MIN

2I-2IA

WALLS :l HR DOORS : 20 MW w AC WALLS :2 HR DOORS >45 MW w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANO/WO

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6|0)E

w/0 HORIZ HORIZ EXIT

11. EXIT ACCESS 100

'

-6|0|O -2

NO DEAD END > 35 A TRAVEL IS:

-150’ -2

IO0I50’

-I

50 100'

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes)

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

VI oO A ^5 = 25 -3 0

OP EN OR INCOMPLETE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS. 1 FLR « 1 HR.

-to -7 -2 0

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14. SMOKE CONTROL

NO COmSOL

SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PRF. TOWER SMOKE PART. A SMOKE TOWER

MECH. ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 27a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

3 story - 8 units/floor

72
SAFETY PARAMETER

1 FIRE CONTROL

1 ISl)

EGRESS

PROVIDED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4l

1. CONSTRUCTION

1 0 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 v2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM v2 1 2 2

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

AURM -2 1 2 2

1 5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS

1 ° f2(0)B 0 (v2)A 0 0

1 6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

1 LIVING UNITS U-2 - -5

1 7. LIVING UNIT - BDRM

1 DOORS & OPENINGS

0 0 1

1 8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

1 UNIT(s]

-1 -1

1 9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 -2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 •I* CM 1 -2

1 11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

1 12. INTERIOR FINISH

1 (egress routes) -1 -1

1 13. VERTICAL OPENINGS •t2 1 2 2 2

1 14. SMOKE CONTROL

P 0 0 0

TOTAL

1 1 Sl= 6.5 S2 = 3 S3= 5

S4 = 4

NOTES: A • Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (-i-2j in all other cases. B • Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire

1 alarm system.

Figure 27b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

3 story - ^ 8 units/floor

73
1. CWSTKffiTIW

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STQ8Y

C9MWSTI«.E MNCOMBUSTICLE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3s43fe TYPE 3B HT. TYPE 2-U TYPE 2b TYPES l&2a -2 6 -2 6 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STWY -8 -2 -8 ~X^ -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 ST^Y -to -4 -W -4 -8 S 2

SWETY PA8««€TER

2. HAZAfiBOUS AREAS

pmmaa vaiues

VHT»IM LPVKG UMTS SR M EXIT R«STE

OSUBEE BEFtCIENCV -7SINGLE DEFICIEMCV -4

SSTSI0E LIVING UNITS SW^E SEFICIENCy

-4|-7)A

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

MANUAL ALARM

w/8 F.O. HOTIflCATION w F.9/«0TT*;^ATION

2

' To

NONE SR NO

8EEIS4C1ICY

3. MAW7AE FIRE ALARM

-1

4. SM8KE DETECTION & AL7»M

5. MJTBMATIC

SPB81KLERS

SINGLE STATI6N LWINC UNITS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

CWfiWMfS, PUBLIC SPACES, ETC. LIVING UNITS ONLY

2|Q|B

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEBROOM

3 4

^)8

TOTAL

BUILOING

CORRIBORS. NAB . & PUBLIC SPACES TOTAL BUILDING

6. INTERIOR FINISH fwithin living

uflitsi

FLAME SPREA8 RATINGS -75=200 -3

7. LIVING UNIT- BORM. DOORS & OPENINGS

NO DOOR -2

: 20 RHN.

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNITIs)

SINGLE ROUTE

-50' TRAV.

1 DOOR t ESCAPE wmeows

>50' TRAV. = 50' TRAV.

-1 0

REMOTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS »20 MIN. DOORS « 20 MIN. DOORS >20 MIN.

-S -2 0|-2)A

WALLS :20 MIN « 1 HR DOORS >20 Mm

WALLS £l HR DOORS > 20 MIN w AC

2I-2IA

WALLS £2 HR DOORS : 45 MIN w AC

« 2 STANDARD MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

10, EXIT SYSTEM ROUTES D^Fi«H|(T w '0 HORIZ. HORIZ EXIT DIRECT EXIT

-6|0)E 0 2 4

11. EXIT ACCESS •lOO'

-6|Q10

50-108-

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes)

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS >75= 200 -3

NO DEAD END >35' 4 TRAVEL IS.

-150- -2

I00-150-

-I

50-100-

OPEN OR INCOMPLE FE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 ELRS. 1 FLR. « 1 HR. -W -7 -2 0 v?fojy

Figure 28a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - 8 units/floor

74
j

SAFETY PARAMETER

1 FIRE CONTROL

1 (Si)

EGRESS

PROVIDED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE 1 SAFETY PROVIDED 1 (S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0 0 1

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 v2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM v2 1 2 2 I

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS

1 ® v2(0)B 0 (-5-2)A 0 0 1

1 6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

I LIVING UNITS « - .5 -1

7. LIVING UNIT • BDRM

DOORS & OPENINGS 0 °

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

1 UNIT(s| -1

1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 v2 2 4 4

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 -2 -1 -2

1

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

1 12. INTERIOR FINISH

1 (egress routes) -1 -1

1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS v2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL

1 Si = 7 S2 = 4 S3 = 5 S4= 5

NOTES: A • Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2*U, 3-U or 4-U construction. Divide by 2 ( 72) in all other cases. B - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 28b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story - 8 units/floor

75
1. COKTRUCTION

BUH.0ING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CS(«DSTt«.C HCmCBMftUSTISLE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-0 TYPES 3a&3* TYPE 38 HT. TYPE 2-U TYPE 21) TYPES IA2a -2 0 -2 e -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 s -3 -5 2 OVER 6 STORY -to -4 -W -2 -4 -8 0 CT)

SAFETY PARAttfTER P«AIKTE8 VAIUES

2. HA2MW0US

AREAS

WITHW LtVtNC UMTS OR 0« EXIT MUTE

B0UW.E BCFICIENCY -7

SIWEE BEFICIETICY -4

eUTSIBE LIVHK UMTS MOtlE KFICIEIKy

-41-7IA

SIRGLE OEFICIEWCY

NO ALAfiM MANUAL AL/WM w/0 F.O N6T»FlCATteM w FD

-1 2 (

NONE OR NO

BEFICIENCY BEFPENCY CO

3. MANUAL F«E ALARM

4. SMOKE DETECTION t ALARM

SN«CIE STATION livmo UMTS ONIY

SKKLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEBRDOM

3 4

TOTAL

BUILDING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

COR*wets. SPACES, ETC. LIVINC UNITS ONLY CORRIDORS. HAB„ t PUBLIC SPACES

6

TOTAL BUILDING

6. INTERIOR FINISH

{within living

unitsi

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS 75*200

-3

SJ5 *25

7. LltfOiG UN(T - BOmi

8.

DOORS

EGRESS

&

FROM

OPENMGSj -2 m

LIVINC UMTIsI

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR A ESCAPE WINSOWS

-50' TRAV. -250' TRAV -1

:50' TRAV

REMOTE

Exns

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVINC U»NTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MIN BOORS *20 MIN BOORS >28 MIN -6 -2 0I-21A

WALLS >20 MIN * I HR. DOORS >20 MIN WALLS >1 HR DOORS >20 MIN w AC

2I-2IA

WULS £2 HR DOORS £45 MM w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

AlULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6|0{E

w 0 HORIZ

11. EXIT ACCESS 100

'

-6|0|D

50-100' -2

NO DEAD ENO >35' I TRAVEL IS:

-150' -2

100-150'

-1

50-100'

12. INT01IOR FINISH {egress routes{

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS 75* 200 -3

£S75

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR INCOMPLETE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSFO

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS 1 FLR « 1 HR. -10 -7 -2 0 V^joiV

14. SMOKE CONTROL

NO

CONTROL SMOKE

PARTITION &

SMOKE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART A SMOKE TOWER

MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 29a. MPS Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor

76
SAFETY PARAMETER

1 FIRE CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROVIDED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

IS4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 2 2 2

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 •S-2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM v2 1.5 3 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM

^2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 2 •5-2(0)B 1 (t2)A 1 2

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

LIVING UNITS

J-2 - .5 -1

7. LIVING UNIT • BDRM

DOORS & OPENINGS

0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 v2 2 4 4

1 10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 v2 -1 -2

\

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS t2 1 2 2 2

1 14. SMOKE CONTROL 2 2 2

TOTAL

1

1

—

1

II S 2 = 7 0

I1— II 00 GO S4 = 11

NOTES: A • Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 ( 72) in all other cases. 6 - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 29b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Rehab. Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story - > 8 units/floor

77
1, CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STWIY

CDHtUSTWLE NONCORMUSTIBLE

TYPE 4 TYPE 3 U TYPES 3JtJO TYPE 3B HT. TYPE 2 U TYPE 2b TYPES Il2a © 0 -2 s -1 -2 2 2

4-t STORY -8 -2 -1 0 -3 -5 2 2 OVER S STWY -10 -4 -W -2 -4 -8 0 2

SAFETY PARAMETER PWAMETER VALUES

2. HAZARDOUS

AREAS

WITHW LiVtNG UMTS M OM EXIT MUTE

DOUBLE DEFICIENCY -7

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

MTSIOE LIVINC UMTS BOimE KFICKNCY

-A|-7)A

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

NONE OF) NO

DEFJCIDFCY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

NO ALARM MANUAL ALMM

w/e F 0 FMTIFICATI8N w F a NDTIFICATION

2 3

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

-4

SHFCLE STATION LIVING UNITS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL m

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEDROOM

3 4

TOTAL

BUILDING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

CORRIDORS, POOLIC SPACES, HC LIVING UNITS ONLY

2| 0|e

CORRIDORS, HAD , t PUBLIC SPACES

4<0|«

TOTAL BUILDING

6, MTERIOR FINISH Iwithin living

unitsi

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

00 -25-75

7, LIVINC UNFT - BORM. DOORS & OPENINGS

NO DOOR -2

£ 20 MIN

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UNTT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR t ESCAPE WINBOVYS

-50' TRAV -2 -1

REMOTE ans

9, SEPARATION OF

LIVING UNITS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM, SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS -20 I DOORS - 20 MIN OOORSJ^O MIN -6 -2

WALLS £20 MIN - I HR DOORS >20 MIN WALLS >1 HR DOORS >20 MIN w AC

2|-2|A 4I-2IA

WALLS £2 HR DOORS £ 45 MIN w AC

10, EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6|0)E

HORIZ EXIT DIRECT EXIT

DEAD END NO DEAO END > 35 A TRAVEL IS

11, EXIT ACCESS >100' 50-100’ >150' yio-tqj' 50 100- -50’

-6|0)0 -2 vO -2 (-0 0 2

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

12 INTERIOR FINISH

1 egress routesi >75- 200 ^5 - 25 -3 © 0

13, VERTICAL OPENINGS

OPEN OR INCOMPLETE ENCLOSURE

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS -102-3 FLRS. I FLR

ENCLOSED

2|0|A

NO SMOKE SMOKE PRF. SMOKE PART & MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

14, SMOKE CONTROL Cj)N44IDL PARTITION TOWER SMOKE TOWER BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR W 2 2 3 3 4

Figure 30a. MPS Requirements

Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly

1-2 story

78
SAFETY PARAMETER

FIRE CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROVIOEO

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION -2 -2 -2

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 ^2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM v2 - .5 -1 -1

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

AURM v2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 O

03 o

CM (v2)A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

LIVING UNITS ^2 -1.5 -3

7. LIVING UNIT • BDRM

DOORS & OPENINGS 0 0 1

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s)

-1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

-2 1 1 1— CM I•

* -2 -2

1

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 -2 -1 -2

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS o

CM I•

* 0 0 0

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL

1 Si = -5 S2= -5 S3= -5 t/5 II 1 l

-> !-

NOTES; A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (t2) in all other cases. B • Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 30b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly

1-2 story

79
1. CDNSTRUCTIWI

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CONStiSTIBLE N0NCSM8USTI8LE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 3-B TYPES 3At3V TYPE 38 NT TYPE 2 U TYPE 2b TYPES 182a -2 o -2 s -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STBRY -8 -2 -8 e -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -18 -2 -4 -8 0 2

SAFETY PAMMETER PAOMETER VALUES

2. HA2ARSOUS

AREAS

WITHW LIVING INMTS ON ON EXIT RWTE

OeUBLE DEFICIENCY -7

SHKLE DEFICIEMGY

WTSI9E LIVINC UMTS OMMIE BCFICIEttCY

-4|-7)A

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

MMHIAL ALARM

w/0 F D NOTtfICATKM w FD NOTIFICATION

2 3

HONE on NO

KFICIENCY

3. MAmMl FIRE ALARM

NO ALARM

4. SMOKE DETECTION & ALARM

SINGLE STATION LIVING UNITS ONLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

LWNIC UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEDftOdM

3 4

TOTAL

tUILDING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS a

C0HRH8RS. PUSLIC SPACES. HC. LIVING UNITS ONLY

2| 0ie

CORRIDORS. HAS . t PUBLIC SPACES

4t0|e

TOTAL BUILDING

6. INTERIOR FINISH Iwithin living

units]

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

-25 2 75 2 25

7. LIVMfi UMT - BORM

DOORS & OPENINGS

NO DOOR -2

> 20 MIN

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UMTIsj

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR t ESCAPE WINOOWS

-50' TRAV -2

50- TRAV

-I

2 50' TRAV.

REMOTE Exrs

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING IRNTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MIN DOORS -> 20 ANN DOORS >20 MIN -6 -2 01-2)A

WALLS :20 MIN « I HR DOORS 2 20 MIN WALLS 2 1 HR DOORS >20 MIN w AC

21-2IA

WALLS 2 2 HR DOORS 2 45 MIN w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANOARO

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6|0)E

DIRECT EXIT

DEAD END

11. EXIT ACCESS

-6|0]O

50 100' -2

NO DEAD END >35 t TRAVEL IS:

-150' -2

50100' '50'

12. INTERIOR FINISH legless routes]

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS 75 2 200 -3

*75

OPEN OR INCOMPLETE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2-3 FLRS 1 FLR « 1 HR -10 -7 -2 0 LzioiV

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

14 SMOKE CONTROL

NO

CQNtRQL SMOKE

PARTITION SMOKE PRF TOWER SMOKE PART t SMOKE TOWER

MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

BY TONE BY UNIT CORR

Figure 31a. MPS Requirements

Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly

3 story

80
SAFETY PARAMETER

FIRE CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROVIDED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

> (S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4l

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0

-i-2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM v2 - .5 -1 -1

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM v2 1 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 v2( 0]B 0 ( v2]A 0 0

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

LIVING UNITS v2 -1.5 -3

7. LIVING UNIT - BDRM

DOORS & OPENINGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s)

-1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 v2 2 4

1

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 ^2 -1 -2

1 11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes] -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 1

—

1

CM 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL

1 Si = 4 S2 = 0 S3= 5

(

—

1

CO II 1

NOTES: A • Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U. 3-U or 4-U construction. Divide by 2 (-s-2] in all other cases. 6 - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 31b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly

3 story

81
1. CONSTRUCTIW

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

CeWBUSTMLE NONCOIMUSTIBLE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3a*J» nPE 38 HT. TYPE 2-U TYPE 2b TYPES 142a -2 0 -2 Av -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -8 (6 ) -3 -5 2 2 OVER 6 STORY -M -4 -W V -4 -8 0 2

SAFETY PAMWETER PMMtMETER VAEOES

2. Mzmeus

AREAS

mTHM LIVtNG UMTS M 6N EXIT MUTE

04U81E 0€FH:»KY -7

SWGLE OEFICIEHCV -4

WTS»E LNMG UMTS

B8USIE BEFICKIKV

-4(-7)A

SmCEE DEFICIENCY

NONE OR NO

DEFICIENCY

V 0

3. MANUAIFIRE ALARM

NO ALARM

-1

MANUAL ALARM

w/o F B^WSfl(ICATI6N w, F B. NDTIFKATION V) 3

4. SM&KE DETECTION & ALMM

NONE

-4

SINGLE STATION LIVING UMTS ONLY

SWCLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEDROOM

3 4

TOTAL

BUH.OING

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

CBIWIOORS . PUOLIC SPACES. ETC. LIVING UNITS ONLY

2|0|B

CORRIDORS. HAS., t PUBLIC SPACES TOTAL SUILDMC

8

6. INTERIOR FINISH {within living

units]

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS 5^00 »25 «75

-I

= 25

7. LIVINC UNIT - B6M.

DOORS & OPENMGS

NO BOOR -2

> 20 MIN

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVmG UMTjsl

SINGLE ROUTE I DOOR A ESCAPE WINDOWS

-SO' TRAV -2

»50' TRAV « 50' TRAV.

REMOTE

EXITS

9. SEPARATION OF

LIVING UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FRIW COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPEHE

WALLS >20 MFN DOORS <20 MM DOORS >20 MIN -6 -2 0(-2|A

WALLS >20 MW < I HR DOORS :20 MIN WALLS £l HR DOORS £20 MIN w AC

2|-2)A

WALLS £2 HR DOORS >45 MW w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6|0(E

w/o H8RIZ. HORIZ EXIT DIRECT EXIT

11. EXIT ACCESS lOO’

-610|0

50 100’ -2

NO DEAD END > 35’ I TRAVEL IS:

-150’ -2 s

50 100'

12. INTERIOR FINISH {egress routes)

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

-75 £ 200 -3 ^5

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

OP£N OR IHCOMPLCTe CNCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS 1 FLR « 1 HR -10 -7 -2 0 (2{0jA;

NO SMOKE SMOKE PRF SMOKE PART A MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

14. SMOKE CONTROL CWtROL PARTITION TOWER SMOKE TOWER BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR. (o) 2 2 3 3 4

Figure 32a. MPS Requirements

Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story

82
SAFETY PARAMETER

FIRE CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROVIOEO

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 0 0 0

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 ^2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM •5-2 1 2 2

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

ALARM

11— CM 2 2

1

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 -5-2(0)B 0 o

CM ± 0

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

LIVING UNITS v2 -1.5 -3

7. LIVING UNIT - BDRM

DOORS & OPENINGS 0 0

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

UNIT(s) -1 -1

9. SEPARATION OF LIVING UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 i-2 2 4 4

1

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 v2 -1 -2

1

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS v2 1 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL

1 Sl= 5.5 S2= 3 S3= 3

CM </> II

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction.

Divide by 2 (-72) in all other cases. B - Use (Oj if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 32b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly

4-6 story

83
1. CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING HEIGHT

1-3 STORY

cMmsTm.E NDNCOMBUSTIBLE

TYPE 4-U TYPE 4 TYPE 3-U TYPES 3a&3B TYPE 3B NT. TYPE 2-U TYPE 2b TYPES 142a -2 6 -2 0 -1 -2 2 2

4-6 STORY -8 -2 -• 0 -3 -5 2 OVER 6 STORY -10 -4 -W -2 -4 -8 0 -0

SAFETY PARAMETER nWAMETER VALUES

2. HAZAR80US

AREAS

WITHIN LIVING UNITS OR ON EXIT ROUTE

DOUBLE DEFICIENCY -7SINGLE DEFICIENCY

OUTSIDE LIVING UNITS

D8U0LE DEFICIENCY

-4I-7IA

SINGLE DEFICIENCY

MANUAL ALARM

w/s F 0^Aiet|FICATI«N w FD N«TIFH:ATI0N G)

3

NONE OR NO

DEFICIENCY

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM

NO ALARM

4. SMOKE DETECTION t ALARM

NONE

-4

SmCLE STATION LIVING UMTS 8NLY

SINGLE LEVEL EVERY LEVEL

MTIRCONMCTCD SYSTEM

LIVING UNITS ONLY

EVERY LEVEL EVERY BEDROOM

3 4

TOTAL BUILOWG

5. AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLERS

GBRRItORS. PUBLIC SPACES. ETC LIVNIG UNITS ONLY

2|OfB

CORRIDORS. HAB . t PUBLIC SPACES TOTAL BUILDING

6. INTERIOR FRRSH

Iwithin living

unitsi

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

>25 S75

-1

e25

7. LIVING UNIT - BORM. DOORS & OPENINGS

8. EGRESS FROM

LIVING UtNT|s|

SINGLE ROUTE 1 DOOR I ESCAPE WINOOWS

-2

>50' TRAV « 50’ TRAV

REMOTE

EXTTS

9. SEPARATION OF LIVMG UMTS FROM

EACH OTHER & FROM COM. SPACES

NONE OR INCOMPLETE

WALLS >20 MIN DOORS « 20 MW. DOORS >20 MIN -6 01-21

A

WALLS >20 MIN. - 1 HR DOORS :20 MIN WALLS £l HR DOORS £20 MIN w. AC

2|-2|A

WALLS £2 HR DOORS >AS MIN. w AC

10. EXIT SYSTEM

= 2 STANDARD

ROUTES

MULTIPLE STANDARD ROUTES

-6|0|E

HBRI2. EXIT DIRECT EXIT

DEAD END

11. EXIT ACCESS 100

'

-6| 0)0

50100' -2

NO DEAD END > 35 '

t

TRAVEL IS:

-150' -2

100-150'

-1

50-100' = 50'

12. INTERIOR FmiSH

legress routes]

FLAME SPREAD RATINGS

>75 « 200 -3»v75 : 25

OPIH OR INCOMPLE FE ENCLOSURE ENCLOSED

THRU 4 OR MORE FLOORS 2 3 FLRS I FLR < 1 HR. -10 -7 -2 0 ^2(0|Aj

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS

NO SMOKE SMOKE PRF SMOKE PART 4 MECH ASSISTED AUTOMATIC

14. SMOKE CONTROL COHJML PARTITION TOWER SMOKE TOWER BY ZONE BY UNIT CORR w 2 2 3 3 4

Figure 33a. MPS Requirements

Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story

84
SAFETY PARAMETER

FIRE CONTROL

(Si)

EGRESS

PROVIDED

(S2)

REFUGE

PROVIDED

(S3)

GENERAL FIRE SAFETY PROVIDED

(S4)

1. CONSTRUCTION 2 i 2 2

2. HAZARDOUS AREAS 0 •^2 0 0 0

3. MANUAL FIRE ALARM v2 1 2 2

4. SMOKE DETECTION &

'aURM V .

’

' v2 1

s. 2 2

5. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS 0 ^2(0)B 0 (^2)A 0 0 1

6. INTERIOR FINISH WITHIN

LIVING UNITS

i-2 -1.5 i

1

7. LIVING UNIT • BDRM

DOORS & OPENINGS

0 ^ 1

8. EGRESS FROM LIVING

I UNIT[s]

-1 -1

1 9. SEPARATION OF LIVING

1 UNITS FROM EACH OTHER

j

& FROM COMMON SPACES

4 v2 2 4 4

\

10. EXIT SYSTEM -2 •5-2 -1 -2

1

11. EXIT ACCESS -1 -1

12. INTERIOR FINISH (egress routes) -1 -1

13. VERTICAL OPENINGS 1—

1

CM 2 2 2

14. SMOKE CONTROL 0 0 0

TOTAL Si = 7.5 $2 = 3 S3= 7 S4= 4

NOTES: A - Use full value if Safety Parameter 1 is based on 2-U, 3-U or 4-U construction. Divide by 2 (v2j in all other cases. B - Use (0) if operation of sprinkler system does not activate building fire alarm system.

Figure 33b. Mandatory Safety Requirements

Existing Multifamily and

Housing for the Elderly

> 6 story

85
REFERENCES

1. Nelson, H. E., and Shibe, A. J., "A System for Fire Safety Evaluation

of Health Care Facilities", NBSIR 78-1555-1, National Bureau of

Standards, Washington, D. C., May, 1980.

2. National Fire Protection Association, "Life Safety Code, 1981.

Appendix C", NFPA, Boston, 1981.

3. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Revision No. 9

"Minimum Porperty Standards for Multifamily Housing 4910.1", HUD,

Washington,' D. C., March, 1980.

4. National Fire Protection Association, "Fire Safety Concepts Tree",

NFPA, Boston, 1980.

5. Watts, J. i "The Goal Oriented Systems Approach," NBS-GCR-7 7-103,

National' Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. , July, 1977.

6. Dailey, N. and Helmer, D. , "An Experimental Application of the

Delphi Method to the Use of Experts," Management of Science 9, No. 3

p. 458, April, 1963.

86
APPENDIX A

NBS DELPHI GROUP

Delphi Method

The Delphi technique was developed in the 1950' s for the purpose

of estimating the probable effects of atomic bombing attacks on the

United States. Since then it has been applied to technological forecasting as well as in areas where judgmental information is required.

The Delphi technique is basically concerned with the utilization of the

combined knowledge of experts to arrive at a consensus opinion where

factual information is incomplete.

The NBS exercise followed a process called Policy Delphi. The

basic premise of the Policy Delphi is that it acts as a precursor to

a committee activity. The Policy Delphi is not a substitute for research

studies, analyses, or staff work. It is, however, an organized method

for correlating views and information pertaining to a specific problem

area and for allowing the respondents representing such views and information the opportunity to react to and assess differing viewpoints.

Because the respondents are anonymous, fear of potential repercussions

or embarrassment is removed and no simple individual need commit himself

publicly to a particular view until after the alternatives have been put

on the table.

Turoff in "The Policy Delphi"* analyzed committee and Delphi processes.

The study points out that a Delphi followed by a committee provides good

results in formulating policies.

The study identifies two major areas of problems with large size

committees (i.e., communication and psychological). The communication

difficulties are attributed to the diverse membership. The major lack

of understanding tends to be between the following groups: individuals

who are not familiar with many of the new decision aids coming out of

operation research and system analyses but who have an intuitive feel

for the complexities of the organization, and individuals who have been

trained in many of modern management techniques and who are sometimes a little too confident that these approaches can be applied to every

problem. The problems associated with operation of committees that

tend to reflect psychological characteristics are:

- The domineering personality, or outspoken individual that takes

over committee process.

- The unwillingness of individuals to take a position on an issue

before all facts are in or before it is known which way the

majority is headed.

*Murray Turoff, "The Design of a Policy Delphi", Technological Forecasting

and Social Changes 2, No. 2 (1970).
- The difficulty of publicly contradicting individuals in higher

positions

.

- The unwillingness to abandon a position once it is publicly taken.

- The fear of bringing up uncertain ideas that may turn out to be

idiotic and results in loss of face.

The above limitation may also apply to small size committees, except when

the members of the small committee are given sufficient time to consider

and explore the issue, and have assurance that the privacy of their

respective remarks will be respected outside the committees. Under

those conditions a small committee will not have any of the difficulties

which have been identified for the large size committee.

Usually Delphi, whether it is to be conventional or computerized,

undergoes four distinct phases. The first phase is characterized by

exploration of the subject under discussion, wherein each individual

contributes additional information he feels is pertinent to the issue.

The second phase involves the process of reaching an understanding of

how the group views the issue. If there is significant disagreement

among members , the disagreement is explored in the third phase to bring

out the underlying reasons for differences and possibly to evaluate

them. The last phase, a final evaluation, occurs when all previously

gathered information has been initially analyzed and the evaluations

have been fed back for consideration.

There are two methods of gaining consensus : conventional and

computerized. In the conventional form, a monitor team designs a questionnaire which is sent to a respondent group. After the questionnaire is returned, the monitor team summarizes the results, and based

upon the results develops a revised questionnaire for the respondent

group to answer. The respondent group is usually given at least one opportunity to revise its original answers after examing the group

response.

The computerized method replaces the monitor group to a large

degree with a computer which has been programmed to carry out the

compilation of the respondent group results. This process has the

advantage of eliminating delays in summarizing each round of Delphi,

thereby turning the process into a real-time communication system.

However, it does require that the Information received from the respondents is in a form that can be fed into a computer and that an algorithm

can be provided to analyze the data. The NBS Delphi Group used the

conventional four-phase approach in its evaluation process.

88
Approach Used in Developing Fire Safety Parameters and Their Values

CFR Delphi Group

Fourteen individuals from the Fire Safety Engineering Division of

the Center for Fire Research were chosen to act as a "Delphi" group.

The experience of the group members in areas of fire/life safety ranged

from six to thirty-five years. (Table A-1 identifies the group members.)

Each individual was briefed about the general nature of the life safety

risk analysis system and was given a detailed description of the safety

model. The individuals were encouraged to seek more information about

the system or any individual parameter, if the information given to them was insufficient. No guidance was provided as to the importance of any

redundancy system or individual parameter.

Instructions for Completing of Forms

Each member of the Delphi Group was given five separate but identical

forms, one for each of five fire safety functions: 1) General Fire Safety;

2)

Fire Development; 3) Fire Containment; 4) Emergency Egress; and 5) Emergency Refuge. Delphi members were told the safety requirements should be

considered only as they apply to multifamily housing. They were also

instructed that the safety impact of each safety parameter should be

established on its importance to a total facility safety basis. Each

form had a clear statement of the specific safety function it should

evaluate. General instructions for filing the questionnaire were:

1) Evaluate the relative worth of the safety requirement, (i.e.

parameter) on each of the five fire safety functions, one function at a time, and record conclusions on the appropriate questionnaires.

2) Use numerical values to express the level of safety for each

subdivision of each parameter.

3) The range of numerical values should not exceed (+10) for the

highest level of safety of (-10) for the condition presenting the most

severely hazardous condition. It is not necessary to use both (+10) and

(-10) . Such should occur only if the safety value of the most important

safeguard exactly compensates the risk imposed by the most detrimental

element. If this is not true the maximum safety value and maximum risk

number should not be identical. Where the parameter’s status neither

improves safety nor creates a hazardous condition, a "zero" value should

be assigned.

4) Add additional safety parameters to any of the questionnaires,

if required to provide a more complete safety evaluation.

5) Increase the number of parameter subdivisions, if the number

shown on the forms is insufficient.

6) Remarks may be made on each of the five forms.

89
Analysis of the Questionnaires

1. Forms . The completed forms were checked for completeness,

illegible numbers and remarks. Where required, individuals were asked

to provide additional information to complete the questionnaire. Figure

A-2 shows the format agreed to by the Delphi group.

2. Preparation of Parameter Values . Each individual was requested

to submit 350 values, which made the process of adjustments quite laborious.

The values for each safety level were clustered to identify where major

deviations occurred. An individual who supplied values significantly

different from the cluster was asked for the reasoning behind his choice.

Mostly the differences were generated by misinterpretations of the

safety parameter functions. The values were then adjusted by the individuals

and the process of preparing a consensus safety parameter table began.

3. Safety Parameter Table . Fourteen safety parameters were chosen

to represent the most important areas of fire safety in multifamily

buildings. The individual safety parameter values were adjusted using

arithmetic means. All the values were expressed as whole numbers rounded

off toward the "conservative" side.

4. Safety Parameter Selection for the Redundancy Systems . It is

generally recognized that not all safety parameters are of equal importance

in providing safety for a particular redundancy fire safety system. To

identify those parameters which provide significant safety levels for

each of the proposed redundancy systems the following method was used.

For each redundancy system a set of three tables was generated. The

first table had all the values of each parameter as assigned by the

individual Delphi member. The second table was similar to the first,

except numerical values were clustered in six ranks. The ranks are:

High (10-8); Medium (7-4); Low (3-0); Negative Low (-1 to -3); Negative

Medium (-4 to -7); and Negative High (-8 to -10). The third table ranked

the safety parameters according to whether they provided high safety values

or small safety values. Parameters with high safety values were included

in the particular redundancy equation. The low value parameters were

excluded from the equations because their ability to affect the total

safety of a particular redundancy system was marginal. A number of safety

parameters could not be evaluated by this system. The Delphi members

could not agree on a general value for those safety parameters.

About one half of the members assigned high safety values to those

parameters, where the other half assigned low safety values for the same parameters. Additional Delphi group query did not change their initial

parameter values. To reflect the Delphi group split, the safety values

of those parameters were divided by one-half.

90
The distribution of values assigned by Delphi members to two proposed

redundancy systems. Fire Development and Fire Containment, were almost

identical. Therefore, the Fire Development and the Fire Containment

systems were combined to form a single redundancy system. Fire Control.

Fourteen safety parameters were included into the Fire Safety

Evaluation System as providing significant life/fire safety support.

Of those, four were assigned to all three redundancy systems (Hazardous

Areas; Automatic Sprinklers; Separation of Living Units; and Vertical

Openings). Five parameters were assigned to two redundancy systems

(Fire Alarm; Smoke Detection; Exit System; Smoke Control; and Construction). The other fire safety parameters appear only once in the redundancy systems.

5. Delphi Group Status . The Delphi group finished its prime assignment

to provide the basic system to be analyzed by the outside consultant

group. The Delphi group also met several times after finishing this

initial assignment, to consider adjustments or changes to the system

suggested by the outside consultants or identified through NBS research.

At each meeting the group analyzed the problem and suggested possible

improvements to the system.

91
Table A-1

NBS Delphi Group

Benjamin, Irwin Division Chief, Structural Engineer

Bright, Richard (Retired) Sr. Fire Protection Engineer

Budnick, Edward Program Head, Fire Protection Engineer

Bukowski, Richard Acting Division Chief, Electrical Engineer

Cooper, Leonard Fire Prevention Engineer

Custer, Richard (Retired) Division Chief, Fire Protection Engineer

Comberg, A1 Acting Program Head, Fire Protection Engineer

Gross, Daniel Senior Mechanical Engineer

Lee, Bill Fire Protection Engineer

Nelson, Harold Program Head, Fire Protection Engineer

O'Neill, John Fire Protection Engineer

Parker, William Physicist

Peacock, Richard Chemical Engineer

Vogel, Bertram (Retired) Structural Engineer

92
APPENDIX B

PEER GROUP

The Peer Group consisted of prominent persons in the regulation or specification of fire safety for multifamily housing. This Included

regulatory officials, code writing officials, fire safety consultants

and architects representing a cross section of the applied field. The

group membership is shown in Table B-1. The dates of meetings and

attendance are shown in Table B-2.

Table B-1

CONSULTANT GROUP

Name Affiliation Representation

Austin, W. HUD, Public Housing

Architect

Regulatory

Belles, D. Independent Consultant

Fire Protection Engineer

NFPA Life Safety Code

Burgun, A. Roger, Butler & Burgun NFPA Life Safety Code

Prassas, M. Independent Architect American Institute of

Architects (AIA)

Gangnes, A. Independent Architect Public

Gray, G. Independent Architect Public

Lynch, R. Independent Consultant Public

Moore, D. HUD, Research Center Regulatory

Roux, H. Armstrong Cork Company NFPA Life Safety Code

Sanders, J. Fire Marshal

State of Oklahoma

Code Enforcing

Summers , H

.

Fire Marshal

State of Virginia

Code Enforcing

Morehart, J. Department HHS, Ofc. of Sec.

Fire Safety Engineer

Regulatory
Table B-2

DATES OF MEETINGS AND ATTENDANCE

Meeting

January 31 - February 1, 1980

Washington, D.C.

Attendance

Belles, D.

Gangnes, A.

Gray , G

.

Roux, H.

Moore, D.

Burgun, A.

Lynch, R.

Morehart, J

Sanders, J.

Meeting

June 11-12, 1980

Washington, D.C.

Attendance

Belles, D.

Gangnes , A

.

Gray, G.

Roux, H.

Moore, D.

Burgun, A.

Morehart, J

Lynch, R.

Prassas, M.

Sanders, J.

Meeting

September 8-9, 1981

Washington, D.C.

Attendance

Gangnes, A.

Gray, G.

Roux , H

.

Moore, D.

Burgun, A.

Morehart, J

Lynch, R.

Prassas, M.

Austin, W.

94
Meeting

April 14-15, 1981

Washington, D.C.

Attendance

Belles, D.

Gangnes, A.

Gray, G.

Burgun, A.

Prassas, M.

Austin, W.

Summers, H.

Morehart, J.

Moore, D.

Sanders, J.

95
96
APPENDIX C

COMPUTER PROGRAM

Section A - Program Description

This computer program was developed to support the proof testing of the

evaluation system. It is designed to be used in deteirmlning how best to

upgrade a multi-family residence to an acceptable level of fire safety.

The user inputs one or more values for each of the 14 safety parameters,

each value being either the value of the corresponding parameter in the

current state of the facility, or a "higher" value that would result

from an upgrading of the facility. The program examines all possible

combinations of input values of the 14 parameters, one value per parameter,

and prints up to 1000 combinations that would upgrade the safety of the

facility to or above the mandatory safety requirements if implemented.

If a given configuration of values for the 14 safety parameters yields a facility the safety of which is above the mandatory fire safety requirements, then any configuration in which some of the safety parameters are

given "higher" values and in which no parameter values are decreased

will also satisfy the requirements. For this reason, in any set of

configurations the minimal configurations of parameter values that

satisfy the mandatory safety requirements will be called "basic" solutions,

and these are the only ones that the computer program will print. In

the remainder of this discussion unless otherwise specified all solutions

mentioned will be basic without explicitly calling attention to this

fact.

The solutions, or successful combinations, may be sorted by one chosen

parameter if the user wishes, in which case up to 1000 solutions may be

printed for each value of the sorting parameter, with the precise number

being user-determined. The special sorting feature provides the capability

of analyzing building configurations which are limited to certain

characteristics.

As presently written, the program searches for up to 1111 solutions for

each specified value of the sorting routine, limiting the output for

each value to at most the first 1000 solutions. A single change in

input eliminates the sorting feature, causing all solutions to be grouped

together and allowing a change in the total printed output to any number

less than 1000 solutions. In all cases, a limit on the available com- binations, or building configurations, may be accomplished by limiting

the possible combinations of the parameters on input. The program is

written in non-standard Fortran, and may not run on a particular machine

unless minor modifications are made.

97
Section B - Input Format and Input-Related Errors

Subsection B-1 - Card Setup and Description

There are 19 cards in each set of data, and any number of sets may be run at one time. For sample input streams the reader should refer to

Section F.

Card No. Description Format of Data on Card

1 Title - To appear at top In columns 1-72.

of each page of output. Any characters may be used.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Number of values for the

parameter Construction,

followed by the values.

After the last one appears

the number of the specified

Construction values which

correspond to unprotected

situations.

Number of values for

Hazardous Areas, followed

by the values.

Manual Fire Alarm

Smoke Detection and Alairm

Automatic Sprinklers

Interior Finish (within

Living Units)

Living Unit - Bedroom

Doors and Openings

Egress from Living Unit(s)

Separation of Living Units

from Each Other and From

Common Spaces

Exit System

Exit Access

Interior Finish (Egress

Routes)

Vertical Openings

Smoke Control

Data may begin in any column,

must be integer, and must be

separated by blanks. A minus

sign is used for negative

numbers. No commas or decimal

points are allowed. No

character may appear in column

80. Any number of blanks can

be used to separate the values

and ascending order of the

values is required.

Same as for card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

See card 2.

98
Card No. Description

16 Minimum total Safety

Values - Enter after multiplying by 10 the values

from Table 3, depending

on type of building and

characteristics being

examined. When the

combinations are being

examined by the program,

those with any Table 2 sums

less than the corresponding

minimum total safety values

will not be solutions.

17 Maximum Total Safety Values

These serve to delimit the

number of solutions. Each

value must be greater than

or equal to the corresponding

minimum total safety value.

When choosing a solution, the

program will select only those ’ > combinations all of whose

Table 2 sums are greater than

or equal to their corresponding

minimum total safety values,

but such that not all the sums are greater than their corresponding maximum total safety

values.

18 Number of Printed Solutions See card 2.

Desired - Will be the total

number of solutions printed

if sorting feature not used, or will be the number of

solutions printed per each

value of the sorting parameter

if the sort feature is used.

If greater than 1000 it will

be changed to 1000.

19 Number of the Sorting See card 2.

Parameter - 1-14 if the

sort routine is desired,

0 if not. If the sort is

used solutions will be grouped

into clusters. Each member

of a cluster will have the same number for the sorting

parameter, this value being

higher than the one the sort

parameter had in the last

cluster. Sometimes the sort

parameter is called the

parameter under analysis.

Format of Data on Card

See card 2.

See card 2.

99
Section C - Program Output

The program output has two main formats. One format is generated when

the user does not wish to use the sort feature, with the solutions

appearing in one group. The other is used when the sort feature is

specified, and the solutions appear grouped by ascending values of the

sort parameter. The two formats and their differences will be illustrated

by the output Examples 1 and 2 in Section G. The unsorted format will

now be discussed, then the ways in which the sorted output differs from

it.

The reader should now examine the output of Example 1. The first output

page shows all of the input with the exception of the number of printed

solutions desired. At the top of the page appears the desired title,

followed by the parameters which are given only one input value and the

values of each. If there are no parameters that are held constant the

word "none” appears under the heading. Following are the parameters

which have more than one input value and the values which are used.

Construction is treated specially, with a "u" written after values which

correspond to unprotected situations. Below the safety parameter values

on the page are written the specified minimum and maximum total safety

values.

The printed solutions appear next. The number on the extreme left under

the heading "SOL//" is the solution number corresponding to the successful

combination on the right. One may observe that the columns under the

heading "cases" are blank for all 32 solutions, indicating that no solution printed satisfied a special case. The special cases and corres- ponding flags will be discussed in the next section on sorting routine

output since there are many special situations shown in the second

example. To the right of the solution number and cases columns appear

the values of the safety parameters in the successful combinations,

under headings which are abbreviated forms of the parameter names. Parameters which are held constant do not appear here, since their

values are the same for each solution, and the reader is reminded that

these constant values are an integral part of the combinations, especially

in computing the four total safety sums. These four sums appear to the

right of the nonconstant parameter values, and are computed from the

combinations using Table 2 after its entries are multiplied by 10.

The solutions are printed until either all solutions have been exhausted

or the specified print limit has been reached, with the title appearing at

the top of each page. At the end of the output a message is written in one of three forms;

XXXXX COMBINATIONS HAVE BEEN FOUND.

or XXXXX COMBINATIONS HAVE BEEN FOUND. FIRST XXXXX HAVE BEEN PRINTED.

or MORE THAN 1111 COMBINATIONS HAVE BEEN FOUND. FIRST XXXXX HAVE BEEN

PRINTED.

These messages appear at the top of the page following the one on which

the last output appeared. When the number of solutions is less than or equal to the number of printed solutions desired, the first message is

written. Otherwise not all solutions are printed, and one of the other

two messages appears.

100
The reader should now refer to example 2, in which the sorting routine is

used, and parameter number 7 (Living Unit Bedroom) is chosen as the sort

parameter. The first page of output is identical to example 1 except that

a message flagging the sorting parameter and its* values has been added at

the bottom. ^

If one examines the entire output, taking account of the headings at

the top of each page, one notices how the solutions are grouped by ascending

values of the sorting parameter. Each group has a format almost Identical

to the total solution output of the unsorted case, with one exception,

the heading between the title and the column headings. Also it may be

seen that for the combinations using the first value of the sort parameter

the special heading begins with the word "combinations" while for the

combinations in the other groups it begins with "new combinations". This

is because solutions which are successful with a certain value of the

sort parameter will always be successful with a higher value of the

parameter, and hence in such a situation the later "duplicate" solution

is suppressed. Another fact to note is that the parameter being examined

does not appear in the listing of solution parameter values; in effect

it is treated as a constant parameter within each grouping.

In example 2 it can be seen that many of the solutions are flagged to

the right of the solution number under the "cases" heading. These flags,

the letters A-D, of which only A and B appear here, indicate the special

cases that can occur. They are listed at the bottom of Table 1.

If a solution fulfilled special case A it would be flagged by an A in

the column under the C in "Cases". If it satisfied case B it would have

a B under the A in "Cases", and so on, the flag for each case being incremented in both value and column. The reason the flags need to be in

distinct columns may be graphically observed in solutions 5 through 7, of

example 2, which fulfill more than one special case simultaneously. In

those solutions which are flagged it is usually possible to discern one or more parameter values to the right of which an asterisk appears. This is

a flag indicating that the flagged parameter value is adjusted because of

the special case. It does not always appear because the parameter the

value of which is modified may be a constant parameter or the sort

parameter, in which case its value is not printed.

Finally, if in the non-sort case no solutions were found, or if in the sortspecified case no solutions were located for a particular value of the

sort parameter, a message appears Indicating that there are no combinations

which satisfy the conditions.

The equivalency testing program is supplied with internal comments, and

therefore the programmer should have at his disposal a copy of the source

listing. Information on the inputs and outputs of the program is contained

in this report. Together, these two sources supply almost all the guidance

any programmer would need to understand and, if necessary, modify the existing

code. This programmer's guide is therefore very general and does not

dwell on each minute point of the program.

Section D consists of a flowchart. Section E is a listing of the main

variables used and their functions. A listing of the program is included in

Section F, while Section G consists of the input card images for Examples

1 and 2, followed by the example outputs.

101
SECTION D - FLOWCHART

102
FLOWCHART - PART 2

103
FLOWCHART - PART 3

104
Section E - Main Variables of the Program

1. ALTER - An indicator that the last combination to be checked

satisfied a special case.

2. BLANK - A variable containing a blank which is used for various

purposes

.

3. BLC - The number of values the sort parameter is given on input.

4. BLN - The sort parameter number.

5. CHANGE - An array of pointers to the nonconstant parameters. If

CHANGE (1) = 5, the fifth parameter is the first nonconstant

one, to give an example.

6. CONDS - Print flags indicating the special case numbers 1-5.

7. CT - Number of nonconstant parameters.

8. CUR - The current values in main loop of the 14 safety parameters,

initialized as cur(l) = P(1,I1), cur (2) = P(2,I2), . . .

9. CYCLES - Number of solutions found in all if no sort is specified,

or for the current sort parameter value.

10. FLAG - Used in most situations where a flag is required.

11. I - 1(1) is equivalent to II, 1(2) is equivalent to 12, etc.

12. ICOUNT - Number of solutions printed for each solution grouping.

13. 11-114 - Used to reference parameters 1-14 in the arrays P and Q.

14. J - J(l) is equivalent to Jl, J(2) to J2, etc.

15. J1-J14 - The number of values of parameters 1-14.

16. KT - Number of the current execution of the main loop.

17. LAST - The value of the sort parameter during the last loop pass.

18. LINES - Lines written so far on a page.

1 19. LINESP - The number of the solution to be printed. For example, *if

LINESP = 500, the solution to be output will be the 500th

printed.

105
20. NMAX - Desired number of printed solutions for each grouping. Must

be less than or equal to 1000.

21. NA0 - Variable changed from 0 to 1 if some of conditions in

note A which cause a safety parameter value to be changed

are satisfied for last value of the sort parameter.

22. NA2 (NA9) - Variable changed for 0 to 1 if conditions in note A

causing modification of safety parameter 2 (9) are satisfied for last value of sort parameter.

23. NEWT - Parameter to record test result for current values of

safety parameters to see whether or not configuration is

dominated by a solution previously obtained.

24. NTA (NTB, NTC, NTD) - Variable changed from 0 to 1 if conditions

in note A (B,C,D) which cause modification

of a safety parameter value are satisfied.

25. P - Array containing the parameter values and the current value of the

sort parameter. The first row contains the first parameter's values,

etc.

26. PFLAGS - Asterisks placed next to parameter values that will be zeroed

out due to special cases.

27. PN - Array containing the names of cards 2-18.

28. Q

- Same as P except that the last value of the sort parameter is used.

29. R - Used in printing out the solutions and their safety sums.

30. SOLS - Array into which the values of configurations of safety

parameters that are solutions are read and maintained

for subsequent reference.

31. SUMA - General safety computed for the current combination.

32. SUMAl - Same as SUMA but uses the last value of the sort parameter.

33. SUMB - Containment safety computed for the current combination.

34. SUMBl - Same as SUMB but uses the last sort parameter value.

35. SUMC - Extinguishment safety of the current combination.

36. SUMCl - Same as SUMC but using the last sort parameter value.

37. SUMD - People movement safety of the current combination.

38. SUMDl - Same as SUMD but using last sort parameter value.

39. TI - Column headings of the parameter values of the solutions.

106
40. TITLE - Array containing the title to be placed on each page.

41. TJ - Colunm headings used in the actual printing of the solutions.

42. U - Contains the character "U" for flagging unprotected values.

43. UNPROT - The number of unprotected construction values.

44. X - Array, the minimum requirements read in.

45. XM - Array, the maximum requirements read in.

107
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APPENDIX D

Instructional Manual

This manual is provided to assist in completing the Fire Safety Evaluation

Worksheets for multifamily residences. The step-by-step instructions for

the mechanisms of completing the worksheet are included in the worksheet

itself. They are not repeated in this manual. This manual provides

expanded discussion and definitions for the various items in the worksheet to assist the user when questions of definition or interpretation

arise. To the maximum extent possible, the manual does not repeat the

definitions already existing in the Minimum Property Standards (MPS) but

rather references the appropriate MPS section. This manual is organized

to progressively follow the format of the worksheet.

Contents Page

Area of Application D2

Maintenance ^2

Safety Parameters (General Discussion) D2

Construction D2

Hazardous Areas 1)3 Manual Fire Alarm D3

Smoke Protection & Alam D3

Automatic Sprinklers D7

Interior Finish (Within Living limits) D7

Living Units Bedroom Doors

Egress from Living Units

Separation of Living Units from Each Other

Exit System Dll

Exit Access D13

Interior Finish (Egress Routes) D13

Vertical Openings D14

Smoke Control D14

Figure D-1 Construction Classification D17

Figure D-2 Hazardous Area - Level of Hazard D18

Figure D-3 Hazardous Areas - Degree of Deficiency D19

133
Area of Application

The entire apartment building is evaluated on a single worksheet with

the following options:

a. Spaces that are not used for living units, in direct utility or maintenance support of the living units, provided for tenant use,

or in any way involved in tenant emergency egress may be omitted

from the calculation when such space is separated from all of the

tenant and tenant support spaces by two hour fire resistive construction (including any members that bear the load of tenant use space

and with fire doors conforming to the requirements of section 405-

6.5 in any communicating opening). In such case, however, any

appropriate charges under Item 2, Hazardous Areas in Table 1 shall

be charged.

b. \^ere an apartment building is divided into two or more elements

by firewall (s) meeting the relevant requirements of sections

405-4 (Fire Resistance Requirements), 405-6.5 (Door Opening Ratings),

and 405-7.1 (Firewalls, and Lot-Line Walls) the facility may be

rated as separate buildings or as a single building whichever gives

the better (higher) rating.

Maintenance

Any protection system, requirements, arrangements, or procedures which

are not maintained in a dependable operating condition, are used in such

a manner that the intended fire safety function or hazard constraint is

impaired or are not in a sufficient state of readiness should be considered

as defective and receive no credit in the evaluation.

Safety Parameter Table (General Discussion)

The safety parameters are a measure of those building factors that bear

upon or contribute to the safety of those persons who may be in the

building at the time of a fire.

Each of the safety parameters is to be analyzed, and the safety value

for each parameter that best describes the condition in the building is

to be identified. Only one value for each of the parameters is to be

chosen. If two or more appear to apply, the one with the lowest point

value governs.

1. Construction

Construction types are defined by the fire resistance and combustibility of load-bearing framing members, floor construction, and

roof construction. In general, the requirements match those for

the same members in section 405-4 and Table 4-5.1 of the ?IPS. Several additional categories however, have been added to provide a means of evaluating the Impact of construction systems that include

134
members or assemblies less fire resistant than the minimum listed

for any of the types of construction shown in Table 4-5.1 (i.e.

Unprotected structural systems) . These have been designated types

2-U, 3-U, and 4-U. Figure 1 provides the appropriate data for

classification of construction type in a tabular form similar to

Table 4-5.1 of MPS. Figure 1, however, covers only the items

necessary for classification of construction types recognized in

the evaluation system.

The requirements for the elements in Table 4-5.1 that are not

included under construction types are included under a variety of

other parameters.

Where the building includes additions or connected structures of

different construction, the rating and classification of the building

is to be based on (a) separate buildings if a two hour or greater

fire resistive separation exists between the portions of the building

and on (b) the lower safety parameter's point score involved if

such separation does not exist.

The story used to determine the parameter value is the highest

story used for sleeping purposes. Story height is based on stories

starting with the grade floor or the lowest floor used for sleeping

purposes, whichever indicates the greater number of floors.

Any building involving conditions that fail to meet the requirements

of section 405-7. 2b for firestopping of concealed floor and roof

spaces of combustible construction is to be classified as an unprotected

type of construction (i.e., 4-U, 3-U, or 2-U as otherwise appropriate).

2. Hazard Areas

The assignment of charges for hazardous areas is a four-step process.

Step 1. Identify Hazardous Areas . A hazardous area is any space

or compartment that contains a storage or other activity that is

not a part of normal household living space arrangements and possesses

the potential of producing a fully involved fire. A list of typical

hazardous areas is listed under the heading. Exposure, in Figure 2.

Step 2. Determine the Level of Hazard . There are two levels of

hazard as follows:

a. Structurally Endangering . A hazardous occupancy with sufficient

fire or explosion potential to defeat the basic integrity of

all exposed elements of the building framing as defined in

Parameter No. 1.

b . Not Structurally Endangering . A hazardous occupancy with

sufficient fire potential to build to full involvement and

presents a danger of propagating through openings or wall

135
partitions but not possessing sufficient total potential to

endanger any exposed elements of the structural framing or floor decking as defined in Parameter No. 1.

NOTE: Where a hazardous area is exterior to the building (an

exterior exposure) the fire resistance of the exposed portions of

the building shall govern the classification as shovm in Figure 2.

Where an in-building hazardous area is enclosed within a portion

of the building having fire resistance above that credited for the

building in Parameter No. 1, the minimum fire resistance of bearing

walls, bearing partitions, columns, beams, girders, trusses, and

floor-ceiling assemblies exposed to the hazardous area shall be

used in determining whether or not the area is structurally endangering.

Where the vertical separation of exterior openings does not meet

the requirements of Section 405-10.2, the facility shall be charged

as having "Not Structurally Endangering" hazardous areas "Outside

Living Units".

Figure 2 provides an analysis of typical types of hazardous areas relative to inherent potential structural danger to different

classes of structural systems.

Step 3. Determine the Fire Protection Provided . The parameter value

for hazardous areas is based on the presence or absence of the fire

protection necessary to control or confine the hazard. Two different

types of fire protection are considered. Th first consists of automatic

sprinklers or other appropriate extinguishing system covering the entire

hazard.* The second is a complete fire resistive enclosure including

any bearing members in the space, partitions separating the hazardous

area from all other spaces, and doors to the space sufficient to

exceed the potential of the fire load involved. Any hazardous space

that has either protection system is classified as having single

protection. Any hazardous space that is both fully enclosed in a capable fire resistive enclosure and sprinklered is classified as having both (i.e. double level protection). On this basis, any fuel

load that has the potential of overwhelming the available structural

capability could as a maximum have single protection.

* When the hazardous area is within a living unit or abuts an egress route (exit access or exit) addressed in Parameters 10,

11, or 12, the credit for sprinklers is not to be given unless

the hazardous area is separated from the rest of the living

unit or the egress route by reasonably smoke resisting partitions

and doors.

Step 4. Determine Degree of Deficiency and Assign Parameter Values . The parameter value is finally determined on the basis of the degree

of deficiencies that the hazardous area has in terms of the level

of protection needed.

136
Figure 3 provides a matrix type table to assist in determining degree

of deficiency to be assessed.

In some situations, more than one hazardous area with the same or differing levels of deficiency will exist. The charge is based on

the single most serious charge for hazardous area found.

3. Manual Fire Alarm

Manual fire alarm systems shall conform to the applicable requirements

of NFPA 72A. The manual alarm system categories are as follows:

a. None . There is no manual fire alarm system, or the system is

incomplete and does not meet the requirements necessary for

a higher scored category.

b. W/O F.D. Notif . There is a manual fire alarm system with

at least one manual fire alarm box per floor located in each

credited path of egress and at least one sounding device per

floor which is clearly audible in the sleeping areas of each

apartment. Operation of any manual box shall cause the operation

of all sounding devices. Buildings may have a zoned, non-coded

alarm system which sounds the initial alarm only on the fire floor,

and the floors directly above and below the fire floor with

provision at a central monitoring point to activate a general

fire alarm.

c. W/ F.D. Notif. There is a manual fire alarm system which

complies with the requirements of b above and, in addition,

automatically transmits a signal to the fire department which

is legally committed to serve the area in which the building

is located, through a direct connection, an approved central

station, or through other means acceptable to the authority

having jurisdiction. No credit is given for F.D. Notif. in

buildings higher than six stories if an annuciator which

indicates the location of the fire by floor is not provided.

4. Smoke Detection and Alarm

A detection system as used herein is one based on the use of smoke

detectors. No recognition is given for thermal detectors. The

detection system categories are as follows:

a. None . There are no smoke detectors in the building or if any

are. present they do not meet the requirements necessary for

a higher scored category.

137
b. Single Station Detectors . Single station detectors are those

detectors that sound the alarm only at the detector itself.

The operation of single station units does not involve the

transmission of the alarm beyond the sounding of the alarm

device in the unit itself.

(1) Single Level (Sin. Lev.) . This value applies only where

the facility includes one or more multi-level living

units that do not have one or more single station detectors

on each level of the living unit but at least has one detector in the immediate vicinity of each separate

sleeping area.

(2) Every Level (Ev. Lev.) . This parameter applies to those

situations where there is one detector in each single

level living unit and one detector on each level of any

multi-level living units.

c. Interconnected Systems . Interconnected systems are those

systems so arranged that the operation of any detector within

the living unit sounds alarm devices on other detectors or other separate alarm systems sufficient to alert all of the

occupants. Where the systems are of the total building variety,

or where the parameter value for Parameter 9, Separation of

Living Units is a negative value, the credit can be given only

if the building has a manual fire alarm system and the operation

of the detection system sounds the manual fire alarm as though a fire alarm box on that floor had been operated. Interconnected

systems for living units must provide sounding devices that are sufficient in location and loudness to assure the awakening of

normally sleeping persons.

(1) Every Level (Ev. Lev.) . This parameter applies to those

situations where there is one detector in each single

level living unit and one detector on each level of any

multi-level living units.

(2) Plus Every Bedroom (+ Ev . Bedroom) . To be credited for

every bedroom a single level living unit must have a smoke detector in every bedroom and at least one additional

detector in the common living space not involved in the

bedroom. In a multi-level living unit there must also be

at least one detector on each level in addition to the

preceding requirement.

\

138
(3) Total Building Systems . This system includes detector

locations meeting the every bedroom standard throughout

each living unit and also provides detector coverage

throughout all corridors, common spaces, and hazardous

areas with the system either incorporated within the

manual fire alarm system or meeting the requirements for an automatic fire alarm system in accords with NFPA

Standard No. 72.

5. Automatic Sprinklers

a. None . No credit is given if there are no sprinklers or if

sprinklers, though present are not sufficient to qualify for one of the other categories listed herein.

Note: Any space that is to be credited as being protected

by automatic sprinklers that abuts a hazardous area that is

deficient in accordance with Parameter 2, Hazardous Areas,

will not be considered as sprinkler protected unless that

hazardous area is also sprinkler protected.

b. Corridors and Public Spaces . Sprinkler protection covers all

of the corridors and public spaces that separate, directly

expose, or are in the egress path from the living units

(except fire resistive enclosed non-combustible stairwells)

.

c. Living Units Only . All living units have sprinkler protection

complying with the requirements for light hazard protection in

NFPA Standard No. 13.

d. Corridors and Public Habitable Spaces . Meets the combined

requirements for b and c, above.

e. Total Building . The building is totally sprinkler protected

in accordance with NFPA Standard No. 13 for light hazard

occupancy (or higher hazard occupancy for any spaces classified

as higher hazard by NFPA Standard No. 13) and is equipped with

an automatic alarm initiating device that will activate the

the building manual fire alarm system as credited in Item 3,

Manual Fire Alarm.

6. Interior Finish (Within Living Units)

The interior finish within the living units is evalxiated separately

from the interior finish in the corridor and egress routes and other

public space. The types of surfaces covered, exemptions and flame

spread tests, are as defined in Section 405-8.

139
No consideration is given for any interior finish with a flame spread

rating >200 or for any material not rationally measured by the ASTM

E84 Test. Materials not rationally measured include: foam plastics,

asphalt impregnated paper and/or materials capable of inducing extreme

rates of fire growth and rapid flashover. In any case where these

materials are involved the resultant risk is considered beyond the

capacity of this evaluation system and will require individual appraisal.

In assessing the charge for interior finish, use the most combustible

interior finish as defined by Section 405-8.

NOTE: 1/4 inch plywood can be considered as having a flame spread of

200 or less.

7 . Living Unit Bedroom Doors

a. No Door . The charge for no door shall be assessed if any bedroom

or other room used for sleeping purposes does not have a door;

has a door but there is some mechanism or obstruction which

prevents closing of the door or otherwise leaves a significant

opening between the door and the corridor; the door has open

louvers; or has ordinary glass lights or transoms.* Doors that

have been blocked open by doorstops, chocks, tiebacks, or other

devices that require manual unlatching or releasing action to close

the door shall be classified as "No Door". Also doors that are not

provided with a latch or other device suitable for keeping the door

tightly closed shall be classified as "No Door".

* Ordinary glass lights shall not be considered as requiring

the "No Door" classification in locations where both sides

of the glass light are protected by automatic sprinklers.

b . Doors With Less Than 20 Minute Fire Resistance (<20 Min.) . Doors which are not deficient as described in a, but do not meet

the requirements for c, below, will be classified as less than

20 minute fire resistance.

c. 20 Minute or More Fire Resistance . Doors shall be considered as having 20 minute or greater fire resistance if they are 1-3/4 inch

solid core wood construction or any other arrangement of equal or greater stability in fire integrity. The thermal insulation

capability of the door is not considered. Hollow or sheet steel

doors therefore shall be considered to meet the 20 minute requirement.

140
8 . Egress From Living Units

a. Single Route . The single route charge is assessed in any

location where there is only one emergency exit route from

either a single or multi-level unit with no alternatives

meeting any of the requirements in the following subparagraphs. A living unit with two doors may still be charged

with a single route if the two doors are in such proximity

to each other in terms of the living unit that they do not

provide alternative routes.

b. One Door Plus Escape Windows . This value is credited when

the unit has a door providing a means of unobstructed travel

out of the living unit and there are outside windows operable

from the inside without the use of tools that provide a clear

opening of not less than 20 inches in width, 24 inches in height

and 5.7 sq. ft. in area. The bottom of the window shall not

be more than 44 inches above the floor.

c. Remote Exits . Remote exits exist when there are two exit

doorways from the living unit leading to direct or stairway

access to the street so located that occupants of any bedrooms

or sleeping areas have an option for two alternative directions

of egress immediately upon leaving the bedrooms or sleeping

area.

d. Greater Than 50 Foot Travel (>50 Ft. Travel) . The charge for

>50 ft. travel is to be assessed if any living units assessed

as either "Single Route" (a, above) or "One Door Plus Escape

Windows" (b, above) if the distance within a living unit between

the door to the most remote room on a doorway to an exit or exit corridor exceeds 50 feet.

9. Separation of Living Units from Each Other and from Common Spaces

Separation of living units from each other and from common spaces

shall be based on the wall partition making the separation and the

protection of the openings in those partitions. Ceiling and floor

partitioning will not be considered in this category. These elements

are covered under Parameter No. 1, Construction.

Duct penetrations where the duct is open on one side only of the

partition and is of sheet steel construction shall be considered as equivalent to doors having a fire resistance of at least 20 minutes.

Where there are duct openings on both sides of the partition the

opening shall be considered unprotected unless there is a fire

damper in the duct opening or the duct otherwise meets the requirements

for omission of fire dampers as specified in NFPA Standard No. 90A.

141
The partition shall be considered as "None or Incomplete" if it has

unprotected openings (louvers, gaps, transfer grills, plain glass

windows, or plain glass transoms) between the floor and the ceiling.

If openings exist above the ceiling level (or even if the partition

stops at the ceiling level) , the walls shall be considered as complete if the ceiling itself is a complete membrane (such as plasterboard or lathe and plaster). In which case, the fire resistance rating shall be based on that of the wall or ceiling system

whichever is less

.

Walls shall be considered to have less than 20 minute ratings

(Walls <20 Min) if they are not equivalent to 1/2 inch gypsum wallboard on both sides of studs well nailed or fastened to the studs

with appropriate taping and finishing of joints and fasteners.

Walls shall be considered as equal to or greater than 1 hour (Walls ^ 1 Hr) if they are of any of the established systems recognized as having 1 hour or greater fire resistance in accordance with recognized

tests or approved listings.

Walls are considered to have fire resistance ratings of 1 Hr or greater when they are of a construction demonstrated to have such

resistance by ASTM E-119 or equivalent qualifications.

Doors shall be considered as "None or Incomplete" if any living unit

does not have a door; has a door but there is some mechanism or obstruction which prevents closing of the door or otherwise leaves

a significant opening between the door and the corridor; the door

has open louvers; or has ordinary glass lights or transoms.* Doors

that have been blocked open by doorstops, chalks, tiebacks, or other

devices that require manual unlatching or releasing action to close

the door shall be classified as "None or Incomplete". Also doors that are not provided with a latch or other device suitable for keeping

the door tightly closed shall be classified as "No Door".

* Ordinary glass lights shall not be considered as requiring the

"No Door" classification in locations where both sides of the

glass light are protected by automatic sprinklers.

The separation shall be considered as "None or Incomplete" if

either the partitions or doors involved are so classed.

Doors shall be considered as having 20 minute or greater fire

resistance (Doors ^ Min) if they are a 1-3/4 inch thick solid core wood construction or arrangement of equal or greater stability in

fire integrity. The thermal insulation capability of the door is

not considered. Hollow or sheet steel doors therefore meet the

20 minute requirement

.

142
Doors are to be considered as having 45 minute or greater fire

resistance if they are so listed or labeled by an acceptable testing

laboratory or otherwise shown to meet the requirements for such

resistance in accordance with NFPA Standard No. 80.

Automatic closing doors (W/A.C.) shall be considered automatic

closing if they are provided with devices that either provide the

traditional self-closing mechanisms or a smoke detector closing

mechanism. In the case of doors separating living units from each

other or from common spaces, self-closing doors shall be accepted

whether or not they are equipped with devices that can be used to

hold them in the open position so long as the normal operating mode

of the living unit is to keep the door closed, particularly after

the occupants have retired for the night.

NOTE: This parameter does not cover the charges for dead end

conditions, travel distance, interior finish in the exits or exit

access routes, or enclosure of stairways or other exit routes that

pass from floor to floor. These elements are separately covered in

Parameters 11, Exit Access; 12, Interior Finish (Egress Routes);

and 13, Vertical Openings.

10. Exit System

Exit routes are the paths of travel from the living unit to the

outside of any of the types and arrangements described in Sections

402-1 through 402-8 of the Minimum Property Standards.

Where subdivision of concealed floor and roof spaces of combustible

construction fails to meet the criteria of 405-7. 2b, the evaluation

is based on the resultant conditions with the maximum credit based

on less than 1 hour walls (<1 Hr)

.

a. Multiple Routes . Multiple routes exist when the occupants of

any living unit have either from the living unit or through

access in a corridor adjacent to the living unit a choice of

2 separate exit routes to the outside of the types described

in Sections 402-2 through 402-7, 403 or 405-6.

b. Deficient . An exit route is deficient if it fails to meet any

of the applicable criteria in Sections 402, or 405-6, of the

Minimum Property Standards except for those covered in Parameters 11, 12, and 13. The exit system is also graded as deficient if there is not at least one horizontal exit on each

floor of any building that is graded 2U, 3U, or 4U construction

or that exceeds the area limitations in Table 4-5.2.

143
c. Without Horizontal Exits (W/O Horiz.) . Egress system is based

on this charge if there are multiple routes that are not

deficient but the arrangement does not include a horizontal

exit as defined below or have acceptable direct exit from each

living unit as defined below.

(1)

In addition this category shall apply to special cases meeting the following:

(a) A one story building containing a maximum of 8

living units.

(b) A 2 story building containing a maximum of 8 living

units and not more than 4 units per floor with one

hr. fire resistive enclosed stairway immediately

accessible to all living units.

(c) A 3 or 4 story building having not more than 4

living units per floor with a smokeproof tower, or

a fire resistive enclosed stairway with a 2 hr.

rating for a four-story building and a one hr. rating

for a three-story building immediately accessible to

all living units.

d. Horizontal Exit (W/ Horiz. Exit) . The credit for horizontal

exit is to be given if each floor containing living units has

at least one horizontal exit meeting all of the following:

(1) The horizontal exit meets the definition of such in

Appendix A of the MPS.

(2) Each refuge area formed by a horizontal exit has access

to at least one exit from the building without recrossing

the line of the horizontal exits.

(3) The space in each refuge area formed by a horizontal

exit provides at least 3 sq. feet of accessible space

for all of the potential occupants already present in or evacuating to it.

e. Direct Exits . To be credited with direct exits each living

unit shall have within that unit a door that opens to the

exterior at grade or onto an exterior balcony with direct access to an exterior exit or smoke proof tower. Where such

openings are directly onto grade in a location where any

person egressing can move directly away from the building

without further exposure the credit for direct exit is

applicable even if there are no other exit routes from the

involved living unit. (The assessment of charges for Parameter 8, Egress from Living Units is not altered by this

allowance.

)

144
11. Exit Access

Exit access is a measurement of the travel from the living unit to

the outside or to an enclosed interior stairway or other exit (e.g.

horizontal exit) or smoke partition as defined in Parameter 14,

whichever is shorter.

The charge for dead-end (D.E.) access shall be charged when any

corridor affords access in only one direction to a required exit

from that corridor. The calculation of the distance to determine

the level of charge is the measurement from the centerline of the

doorway exiting the most remote living unit to the point offering

two or more directions of exit. Exit travel is the distance from

the door of the living unit to the point where the building is exited or a stairwell is entered whichever is less. Where the distance to

the stairwell is shorter that distance shall be based on the distance

to the door enclosing the stairwell if the stairwell is enclosed or

to the top tread if the stairwell is open.

12. Interior Finish (Corridors and Egress Routes)

j The interior finish within the living units is evaluated separately

‘ from the interior finish in the corridor and egress routes and other

public space. The types of surfaces covered, exemptions and flame

spread tests, are as defined in section 405-8.

No consideration is given for any interior finish with a flame spread

rating >200 or for any material not rationally measured by the ASTM

E84 Test. Materials not rationally measured include: foam plastics,

asphalt impregnated paper and/or materials capable of inducing extreme rates

of fire growth and rapid flashover. In any case where these materials

are involved the resultant risk is considered beyond the capacity of

this evaluation system and will require individual appraisal.

In assessing the charge for interior finish, use the most combustible

interior finish as defined in Section 405-8.

NOTE: 1/4 inch plywood can be considered as having a flame spread

of 200 or less.

The corridors and egress route, for purposes of this parameter, is

the complete system-corridors, stairs, lobbies and any other spaces

open to the primary or alternate routes of exit from every living

unit to the exterior. A space shall be considered open to the exit

route if it is not a living unit and is not separated by interior

partitions with self-closing door having fire resisting capabilities

equal to that credited by item 9, or item 13, whichever is greater.

145
13. Vertical Openings

These values apply to vertical openings and penetrations including

exit stairways, ramps and any other vertical exits, pipeshafts

ventilation shafts, duct penetrations and laundry and incinerator

chutes. The charge for vertical openings shall be based on the

presence or lack of enclosure and the fire resistance of enclosure

if present.

A vertical opening or penetration shall be classified as open (or

Incomplete Enclosure) if it is: (a) unenclosed; (b) is enclosed

but does not have doors; (c) is enclosed but has openings other

than doorways; (d) is enclosed with cloth, paper or similar materials

without any sustained fire stopping capabilities.

If a shaft other than in a credited exit route (i.e. credited as one

of the multiple routes required in Parameter 10 or in determining

travel distance in Parameter 11) is enclosed on all floors but one

and this results in an unprotected opening between that shaft, and one and only one floor, the parameter value assigned to that shaft

shall be 0. If a required egress route is contained in that shaft

the parameter value shall be -2.

If firestopping fails to conform with the requirements of 405-7. 2a,

the vertical opening so created shall be evaluated using the above

criteria.

14. Smoke Control

Smoke control definitions are as follows;

a. No Control . There are no smoke barriers (or horizontal exits) on the floor, the floor is not served by a smoke proof stairtower, and there are no mechanically assisted smoke control

systems serving the floor.

b. Smoke Partitions . Smoke partitions consist of one-hour fire

rated partitions extending across the entire width of the

building or so arranged as to combine a partition in the

corridor with existing building elements and subdividing

partitions and walls to effectively completely partition the

building into two separate units. The smoke partition must be

equipped with 3/4-hour fire doors in the corridor that are closed upon detection by smoke detectors located at the door

arches or by smoke detector systems that have been credited as the 6 point value in Parameter 4, Smoke Detection and Alarm.

Each smoke compartment must also be serviced by an elevator as described in Section 405-9. Horizontal exits will act as a smoke partition and when it exists it is credited as both a smoke partition in Item 14 and a horizontal exit in Item 10.

146
c. Mechanically Assisted Systems - By Zone . Mechanically assisted

smoke control on a zone basis must include a smoke partition

(or a horizontal exit) supported by a mechaiiism of automatic

control fans, smoke vent shafts, or a combination thereof to

provide a pressure differential that will assist in confining

smoke to the compartment of origin. Fans involved may be

special smoke control fans or special adjustments of the

normal building air movement fans.

d. Mechanically Assisted Systems - By Unit . Mechanically assisted

smoke control on a living unit basis are systems so designed

as to provide a mechanism of automatically controlled fans,

smoke vent shafts, or combination thereof to insure a positive

pressure differential that will prevent intrusion of smoke

into any living unit not involved in fire. On this basis, the

living unit will have a pressure differential higher than the

corridor and higher than any living unit where fire has been

detected. Such systems must be so arranged that there is

detection in each living unit that will prevent a living unit

that is involved in fire from becoming positively pressurized.

e. Mechanically Assisted Systems - Corridors . Mechanically

assisted smoke control on a corridor basis is a system initiated

by a method of smoke detection that will assure operation of the

smoke control system before significant smoke has entered into

the corridor involved. The mechanism must be capable of pressurizing the corridor sufficiently to prevent smoke from the

living unit or space of origin from entering the corridor

through the entire course of fire. Such a system must be able

to hold back the smoke through the expected maximum severity

of the fire. It must also be capable of evacuating smoke from

the corridor on the presumption that the emergency evacuation

procedures and other activities involving the opening and

closing of doors will cause occasional brief periods of overpowering the smoke control system and movement of the smoke

into the fire area of the corridor. (This would normally be

accomplished by having an exhaust fan from the corridor of

lower capacity than the fan supplying air for pressurization.

The net pressurization force would occur from the effect of the

pressurizing fan minus the effect of the removal or purging fan.)

To be effective the corridor's pressurizer system would normally

necessitate early warning smoke detection, automatic closing of

all living unit doors, and/or sprlnklered protection. Where

these additional protection devices are provided in order to

effect such a smoke control system the individual credits for

each of the involved protection devices are in addition to the

credits for the smoke control system.

147
f . Smoke Proof Towers . Credit for smoke proof towers may be

given if either the stairways meet the requirements for a smoke proof tower specified in Section 5-2.3 of the Life

Safety Code (NFPA 101-1976) or has an acceptably designed

smoke pressurization system maintaining a positive pressure

in the stairwell sufficient to prevent intolerable contamination of the stairwell by smoke or other fire effects.

148
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NBS»114A (REV. 2«6C) U.s. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See/n struct/on sj

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

NBSIR 82-2562

2. Performing Organ. Report No, 3. Publication Date

September 1982

4.

TITLE AND SUBTITLE

A System for Fire Safety Evaluation for Multifamily Housing 5.

AUTHOR(S)

H.E. Nelson and A.J. Shibe

6.

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see in struction s)

national bureau of standards

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

Interim

9.

SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City, State, ZIP)

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Washington, D.C. 20410

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FlPS Software Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200~word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

A qualitative evaluation system for grading multifamily housing in terms of fire

safety has been developed and is ready for testing in Department of Housing

and Urban Development field offices. The system is designed to be used to Identify

a variety of combinations of widely accepted fire safety equipment and building

construction features that provide a level of safety equal or greater than that

achieved by conformance to the explicit requirements of the HUD Minimum Property

Standards. In this evaluation, equivalent safety performance is gauged in terms

of overall level of safety provided rather than a component by component comparison.

12.

KEY WORDS (S/x to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)

Building codes; building construction; Delphi Method; fire safety; interior finishes

Life Safety Code; Minimum Property Standards; multifamily housing; risk analysis;

safety equivalency; safety evaluation; smoke detection; sprinkler systems.

13. AVAILABILITY

Unl imited

PP) For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

PP Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

P;^ Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

159

15. Price

$15 .00

USCOMM-DC 6043-P80