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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

8o4l

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

BY

J* V. Ryan and E. C. Tuma

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT

1002-12-10472

NBS REPORT

July 17, 1963 804l

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES

of

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V, Ryan and E. C. Tuma

Fire Research Section

Building Research Division

Sponsored bys

Department of the Navy

Bureau of Yards and Docks

References Task Y-F015-15-102

NBS File No* 10.02/10^72

IMPORTANT NOTICE NATIONAL BUREAU OF ST

for use within the Government, and review. For this reason, thi whole or in part, is not author Bureau of Standards, Washingt

the Report has been specifically

ss accounting documents intended

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
-
Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V. Ryan and E. C* Tuma

1. Introduction

The purpose of this project is the development of criteria for the fabrication of jet exhaust resistant concretes*

Concretes under development are evaluated by exposure to hot

gases from a combustion chamber o The combustion chamber delivers these gases at velocities and temperatures approaching

field conditions*

2. Present Plan of the Investigation

In an attempt to gain more understanding of the mechanism of spalling and of the factors that determine whether

or not a given concrete spalls under jet impingement, specimen

sizes were chosen to provide different degrees of restraint to

thermal stresses and to the escape of steam from within the

concrete* The instrumentation was designed to provide data on

pressures and temperatures , Including temperature gradients in

the 1/2 in* nearest the exposed surface* In addition, electri

cal resistance elements were embedded in some specimens to pro

vide an indication of their drying* It was decided to keep

some specimens in the fog room throughout their conditioning,

to condition others in air at 73°F and 50% relative humidity,

and to attempt to dry others thoroughly*

3* Activities

The specimens of diabase aggregate concrete (Di-2) cast

late in December, 1962 were subjected to jet impingement; companion specimens were tested for shear, flexural,- and compressive strengths, and for moisture content*
The specimens of blast furnace slag aggregate concrete

cast in the preceeding quarter were conditioned throughout the

quarter, and observations were made of changes that occurred

in the specimens.

The study of the feasibility of accelerated drying by conditioning in atmospheres at reduced pressures was continued*

3.1 Diabase Aggregate Specimens

The diabase aggregate concrete specimens included cylindrical specimens for jet impingement tests, and various prisms

for strength tests, dimensional changes, and moisture content*

The jet impingement specimens were cast in three diameters, (12, 6, 3 in), two thicknesses (6 and 2 in*), and were

conditioned according to three schedules* The first schedule

consisted of keeping the specimens in a room at 73°F and 100

percent relative humidity, the fog room, until they were tested.

The second schedule consisted of keeping specimens in the fog

room for 28 days after which they were stored in an atmosphere

at temperature of 73°F and relative humidity of 50 percent until

tested. The third schedule consisted of keeping specimens in

the fog room until they were about the same age as those in the

second schedule and then drying them to constant weight at

105°C. The prism specimens for strength tests and moisture content determinations were conditioned according to the same

schedules

The results of the tests are given in Tables 1 and 2.

Evaluation of these data, both as to spalled volume and as to

peak pressure, showed that reduction of diameter and of thickness each resulted in decreased effect of the jet impingement

on the exposed surface of the concrete. Also, the shift from

fog room, to 50 percent relative humidity, to oven drying lead

to marked reduction in spalling and pressure. None of the specimens oven dried at 105°C showed visible spalling.

3.2 Blast-furnace Aggregate Specimens

The specimens of blast-furnace slag aggregate concrete

were conditioned throughout the quarter, following the conditioning schedules described in the preceeding section. The

plot of data obtained is similar to that of figure 1 in NBS

Report 7878 for the last quarter, indicating that the specimens are nearly ready to be tested.
3,3 Vacuum Drying

The results obtained to date are only for diabase aggregate concretes kept in the fog room a minimum of 28 days to

allow development of strength and then conditioned at reduced

pressures in an attempt to accelerate the elimination of excess

moisture. As reported for the previous quarter, those specimens

kept at about 0,5 atmosphere for 28 days after the fog room

showed greater moisture content than duplicates kept at 1 atmosphere in 73°F/50 percent relative humidity. The second set of

specimens have been kept at pressures near or below the vapor

pressure of water (21 mm Hg at 73°F) for much longer time. On

the basis of electrical conductivity measurements, no appreciable change was observed during the first 28 days at reduced

pressure. This is despite the fact that several fluid ounces

of water were removed from a trap in the vacuum system daily.

Comparison with conductivity data from Di-2 specimens conditioned at 73 °F/50 rh indicated the latter were drying faster

for about 70 days. However, beyond that time, the specimens

in reduced pressure have been at much lower (factor of 4) conductivities than attained by specimens at 73 °F/50 rh in comparable times. They have not attained conductivities as low (by

a factor of about 100) as attained by oven drying.

USCOMM-NBS-DC
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Table 2« Supplementary Data on Di-2

Oven Dried 7V50 Fog Hoorn

Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max

Modulus of

Rupture, Psi

795 890

T

795 895 830 920

Shear Strength,

Psi

4380 4560 3680 3850 3670 4150

Compressive

Strength, Psi 12700 13400 10500 11400 10900 11600

Moisture

Content, %

- - 3.03 3.27 5.33 5.73

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Luther H. Hodges, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its major laboratories in Washington, D.C.,and

Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work.

In general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by

its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the inside of the

front cover. WASHINGTON, D. C.

Electricity. Resistance and Reactance. Electrochemistry. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements.

Dielectrics. High Voltage. Absolute Electrical Measurements.

Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Refractometry. Photographic Research. Length. Engineering Metrology.

Mass and Volume.

Heat. Temperature Physics. Heat Measurements. Cryogenic Physics. Equation of State. Statistical Physics.

Radiation Physics. X-ray. Radioactivity. Radiation Theorv. High Energy Radiation. Radiological Equipment.

Nucleonic Instrumentation. Neutron Physics.

Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry. Pure Substances. Spectrochemistry. Solution Chemistry. Standard Refer- ence Materials. Applied Analytical Research. Crystal Chemistrv.

Mechanics. Sound. Pressure and Vacuum. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics. Rheology. Combustion

Controls.

Polymers. Macromolecules: Synthesis and Structure. Pol\ mer Chemistry. PolymeF Physics. Polymer Characterization. Polymer Evaluation and Testing. Applied Polymer Standards and Research. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Engineering Metallurgy. Metal Reactions. Metal Physics. Electrolysis and Metal Deposition.

Inorganic Solids. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Solid State Chemistry. Crystal Growth. Physical Properties.

Crystallography.

Building Research. Structural Engineering. Eire Research. Mechanical Systems. Organic Building Materials.

Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Inorganic Building Materials. Metallic Building Materials.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics. Operations Research.

Data Processing Systems. Components and Techniques. Computer Technology. Measurements Automation.

Engineering Applications. Systems Analysis.

Atomic Physics. Spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy. F ar Ultraviolet Physics. Solid State Physics. Electron

Physics. Atomic Physics. Plasma Spectroscopy.

Instrumentation. Engineering Electronics. Electron Devices. Electronic Instrumentation. Mechanical Instru- ments. Basic Instrumentation.

Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Molecular Spectroscopy. Elementary Processes. Mass Spectrometry. Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry.

Office of Weights and Measures. BOULDER, COLO.

CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Cryogenic Processes. Cryogenic Properties of Solids. Cryogenic Technical Services. Properties of Cryogenic

Fluids.

CENTRAL RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY

Ionosphere Research and Propagation. Low Frequency and Verv Low Frequency Research. Ionosphere Research. Prediction Services. Sun-Earth Relationships. F ield Engineerine. Radio Warning Services. Vertical

Soundings Research.

Troposphere and Space Telecommunications. Data Reduc tion Instrumentation. Radio Noise. Tropospheric

Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Spectrum I til i zation Research. Radio-Meteorology. Lower Atmosphere

Physics.

Radio Systems. Applied Fllectromagnetic Theory. High Frequency and Very High Frequency Research. Fre- quency Utilization. Modulation Research. Antenna Research. Radiodetermination.

Upper Atmosphere and Space Physics. Upper Atmosphere and Plasma Phvsics. High Latitude Ionosphere

Physics. Ionosphere and Exosphere Scatter. Airglow and Aurora. Ionospheric Radio Astronomy.

RADIO STANDARDS LABORATORY

Radio Standards Physics. Frequency and Time Disseminations. Radio and Microwave Materials. Atomic Fre- quency and Time-Interval Standards. Radio Plasma. Microwave Physics.

Radio Standards Engineering. High Frequency Electrical Standards. High Frequency Calibration Services. High

Frequency Impedance Standards. Microwave Calibration Services. Microwave Circuit Standards. Low Frequency

Calibration Services.

Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics- NBS Group (Univ. of Colo.).

USCOMM-NB:— DC