CHAPTER 5 

MICROSCALE STUDY 
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Chapter 5. Microscale Study 

5.1 Introduction 

The microscale component of MATES II utilized movable platforms to sample for periods of 

several weeks to several months at selected locations. The platforms would then be moved to 

other sites for similar sampling. The objective for this element was to determine if there were 

gradients in ambient levels between communities that were not otherwise captured by the fixed 

monitoring sites. Each microscale site is paired with the closest fixed site for comparison to 

determine if toxic air contaminant levels at these microscale sites statistically exceed a 

neighboring fixed site. 

Since the sampling periods for the microscale sites are limited, annual averages for measured 

substances cannot be calculated. However, by comparing the levels from the microscale sites to 

those from the nearest fixed site during the timeframe that the microscale site was operating can 

yield insights on potential community gradients. 

5.2 Site Selection 

The microscale sites utilized the SCAQMD’s mobile monitoring platforms and were situated 

near air toxic emission sources. As in MATES II, due to the limited number of mobile 

monitoring platforms, each microscale site study lasted for a shorter duration than the overall 

study for approximately two to several months. 

Microscale sites were selected with the input of the Technical Advisory Group and used criteria 

including the following: 

• Proximity to emissions source(s); 

• Areas identified with environmental justice issues;

• Potential for neighborhood gradients; 

• Elevated risks from MATES II modeling analysis; 

• Community concerns; and 

• Geographic equity. 

Other considerations included power availability, security, accessibility to SCAQMD staff and 

availability of the premises for a several-month period. 
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A listing of the microscale sites, along with the nearest fixed site and the time periods for which 

samples were taken, are shown below. The locations of the sites compared to the fixed sites are 

shown in Figure 2-1 in Chapter 2. 

5.3 Microscale Sites and Sampling Periods 

Microscale Site Fixed Site Category Sampling Period

Commerce Huntington Park VOC November 11th 2004 - May 16th 2005 

 PM 2.5 January 19th 2005 - May 16th 2005 

 TSP November 8th 2004 - May 4th 2005 

 PM10 November 11th 2004 - May 4th 2005 

 Chromium 6 November 8th 2004 - May 16th 2005 

 

Indio Rubidoux VOC March 2nd 2005 - May 16th 2005 

 PM2.5 February 24th 2005 - June 18th 2005 

 TSP February 24th 2005 - June 18th 2005 

 PM10 February 27th 2005 - June 18th 2005 

 Chromium 6 February 24th 2005 - June 18th 2005 

 

San Bernardino Inland Valley San Bernardino VOC October 3rd 2004 - February 15th 2005 

 PM2.5 January 16th 2005 - February 15th 2005 

 TSP September 18th 2004 - February 3rd 2005 

 PM10 September 18th 2004 - February 3rd 2005 

 Chromium 6 

September 18th 2004 - February 15th 

2005 

 

Sun Valley Burbank VOC June 3rd 2005 – March 30 2006 

 PM2.5 June 3rd 2005 - April 29th 2006 

 TSP June 30th 2005 - April 8th 2006 

 PM10 June 3rd 2005 - April 8th 2006 

 Chromium 6 June 3rd 2005 – June 25 2006 

 

Santa Ana Anaheim VOC September 1st 2005 - January 29th 2006 

 PM2.5 July 21st 2005 - January 26th 2006 

 TSP July 24th 2005 - January 23rd 2006 

 PM10 July 24th 2005 - January 23rd 2006 

 Chromium 6 July 21st 2005 - January 26th 2006 

The average levels measured for several toxic air contaminants are listed in the following tables. 

To assess the potential differences between the microscale and fixed sites, a statistical t-test was 

conducted for each pollutant measured, with the corresponding P-value also shown. Since 

multiple statistical tests were conducted, one could expect several differences to show up based 

on chance. The P-values greater than 0.05 are denoted as a difference between sites, with a 

notation of which site was higher. Caution should be used in interpreting these tests, as no 
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correction was made for conducting multiple statistical comparisons. That is, at a P-value of 

0.05, one would expect to see significant difference 5% of the time, on average. 

One of the objectives of the microscale site study was to determine if some communities show 

higher levels of pollutants compared with those of the fixed sites. Several of such pollutants 

were at levels below the Method Detection Limits (MDL). While statistically significant, these 

differences may not be truly different, as levels below the MDL are associated with greater 

uncertainty. Thus, only substances that were above the method detection limits and showed 

statistically higher averages for the microscale sites compared to the nearest fixed site are 

highlighted in Tables 5-1 through 5-5. 
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Table 5-1. Comparison of Observed Concentrations for the Microscale and Fixed Site Pair of Commerce and Hunti

Microscale Site 

Commerce 

Fixed Site 

Huntington Park 

Pollutant Category Units AVG S.D. N 95%CI AVG S.D. N 95%CI P-Value Acetaldehyde VOC ppb 1.69 0.83 60 0.21 1.76 0.87 63 0.21 0.65 Acetone VOC ppb 2.49 2.69 60 0.68 3.12 2.93 63 0.72 0.22 Benzene VOC ppb 0.69 0.33 62 0.08 0.93 0.52 46 0.15 0.008 Carbon Tetrachloride VOC ppb 0.08 0.01 62 0 0.08 0.01 46 0 0.87 Chloroethene (Vinyl Chloride) VOC ppb 0 0 62 -- 0 0 46 -- -- Chloroform VOC ppb 0.03 0.01 62 0 0.04 0.02 46 0.01 0.02 Ethylbenzene VOC ppb 0.24 0.14 62 0.03 0.46 0.3 46 0.09 1.95E-05 Formaldehyde VOC ppb 3.55 1.38 60 0.25 4.05 1.65 63 0.41 0.07 Methyl Ethyl Ketone VOC ppb 0.31 0.25 60 0.06 0.4 0.3 63 0.07 0.06 Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether VOC ppb 0.02 0.01 62 0 0.02 0.03 46 0.01 0.15 Methylene Chloride VOC ppb 0.28 0.16 62 0.04 0.39 0.45 46 0.13 0.12 Perchloroethylene VOC ppb 0.06 0.04 62 0.01 0.11 0.1 46 0.03 0.002 Styrene VOC ppb 0.06 0.05 62 0.01 0.09 0.06 46 0.02 0.014 Toluene VOC ppb 2.01 1.11 62 0.28 3.36 2.18 46 0.63 0.0003 Trichloroethylene VOC ppb 0.05 0.25 62 0.06 0.02 0.03 46 0.01 0.49 (m+p)-xylenes VOC ppb 0.91 0.55 62 0.04 1.75 1.13 46 0.33 1.94E-05 o-xylene VOC ppb 0.3 0.17 62 0.04 0.42 0.33 46 0.1 0.04 1,2-Dichlorobenzene VOC ppb 0 0 62 -- 0 0.01 46 0 0.17 1,2-Dichloroethane VOC ppb 0.01 0.01 62 0.0016 0 0.01 46 0.0015 7.08E-12 1,2-Dichloropropane VOC ppb 0 0 62 -- 0 0 46 -- -- 1,4-Dichlorobenzene VOC ppb 0.04 0.03 62 0.01 0.08 0.06 46 0.02 4.70E-05 1,2-Dibromoethane VOC ppb 0 0 62 -- 0 0 46 -- -- 1,3-Butadiene VOC ppb 0.18 0.14 62 0.04 0.23 0.16 46 0.05 0.1 Arsenic PM2.5 ng/m3 0.96 0.71 38 0.23 1.57 3.85 39 1.21 0.29 Cadmium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.58 1.24 38 0.39 2.02 1.74 39 0.55 0.19 Lead PM2.5 ng/m3 7.02 5.99 38 1.9 7.66 4.38 39 1.37 0.59 Chromium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.21 0.89 38 0.28 2.4 3.06 39 0.96 0.02 Manganese PM2.5 ng/m3 3.35 2.52 38 0.8 5.33 7.08 39 2.22 0.11 Vanadium PM2.5 ng/m3 3.99 4.22 38 1.34 4.18 4.14 39 1.3 0.84 Nickel PM2.5 ng/m3 2 1.38 38 0.44 2.48 2.13 39 0.67 0.24 Copper PM2.5 ng/m3 13.72 5.52 38 1.76 41 15.25 39 4.79 5.26E-14 Elemental Carbon PM2.5 μg/m3 1.89 0.91 37 0.29 2.11 1.49 39 0.47 0.44 Arsenic TSP ng/m3 0.9 0.73 56 0.19 1.53 2.66 58 0.69 0.09 Cadmium TSP ng/m3 1.36 0.68 56 0.18 1.54 0.93 58 0.24 0.25 Lead TSP ng/m3 19.83 16.26 56 4.26 28.69 30.29 58 7.8 0.05 Chromium TSP ng/m3 4.35 2.81 56 0.74 11.98 18.68 58 4.81 0 Manganese TSP ng/m3 26.29 17.44 56 4.57 32.45 25.42 58 6.54 0.13 Vanadium TSP ng/m3 4.77 3.95 56 1.03 5.6 4.84 58 1.25 0.32 Nickel TSP ng/m3 3.79 2.29 56 0.6 7.48 7.06 58 1.82 0 Copper TSP ng/m3 55.26 24.51 56 6.42 200.1 110.89 58 28.54 3.98E-14 Hexavalent Chromium TSP ng/m3 0.22 0.16 62 0.04 0.24 0.18 64 0.04 0.55 Elemental Carbon PM10 μg/m3 2.69 1.08 48 0.31 3.15 1.6 58 0.41 0.08 
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Table 5-2. Comparison of Observed Concentrations for the Microscale and Fixed Site Pair of Indio and Rubidoux 

 Microscale Site - Indio Fixed Site - Rubidoux 

Pollutant Category Units AVG S.D. N 95%CI AVG S.D. N 95%CI P-Value Acetaldehyde VOC ppb 1.01 0.41 33 0.41 1.33 0.68 36 0.22 0.11 Acetone VOC ppb 1.38 0.67 33 0.23 1.33 0.55 36 0.18 0.77 Benzene VOC ppb 0.21 0.1 26 0.04 0.39 0.23 26 0.09 0.0006 Carbon Tetrachloride VOC ppb 0.08 0.01 26 0.0034 0.08 0.01 26 0.0029 0.002 Chloroethene (Vinyl Chloride) VOC ppb 0.01 0.04 26 0.02 0 0 26 -- 0.33 Chloroform VOC ppb 0.02 0.02 26 0.01 0.03 0.01 26 0 0.7 Ethylbenzene VOC ppb 0.07 0.04 26 0.02 0.16 0.12 26 0.04 5.00E-04 Formaldehyde VOC ppb 1.94 0.9 33 0.31 2.85 1.3 36 0.42 0.13 Methyl Ethyl Ketone VOC ppb 0.22 0.11 33 0.04 0.24 0.12 36 0.04 0.63 Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether VOC ppb 0.02 0.06 26 0.02 0.01 0.01 26 0 0.42 Methylene Chloride VOC ppb 0.08 0.03 26 0.01 0.21 0.09 26 0.03 6.40E-08 Perchloroethylene VOC ppb 0.01 0.02 26 0.01 0.03 0.03 26 0.01 0.05 Styrene VOC ppb 0.01 0.02 26 0.01 0.04 0.04 26 0.02 0.0004 Toluene VOC ppb 0.53 0.33 26 0.13 1.35 0.88 26 0.34 0.0001 Trichloroethylene VOC ppb 0 0.02 26 0.01 0 0.01 26 0 0.85 (m+p)-xylenes VOC ppb 0.23 0.14 25 0.05 0.57 0.37 26 0.14 1.00E-04 o-xylene VOC ppb 0.09 0.05 26 0.02 0.11 0.09 26 0.03 0.26 1,2-Dichloroeenzene VOC ppb 0.01 0.06 26 0.02 0 0 26 -- 0.33 1,2-Dichloroethane VOC ppb 0.01 0.02 26 0.01 0 0 26 -- 0.15 1,2-Dichloropropane VOC ppb 0.01 0.04 26 0.02 0 0 26 -- 0.33 1,4-Dichlorobenzene VOC ppb 0.02 0.06 26 0.02 0.05 0.03 26 0.01 0.054 1,2-Dibromoethane VOC ppb 0.01 0.04 26 0.02 0 0 26 -- 0.33 1,3-Butadiene VOC ppb 0.08 0.06 26 0.02 0.06 0.05 26 0.02 0.39 Arsenic PM2.5 ng/m3 0.48 0.65 38 0.21 0.5 0.66 37 0.21 0.94 Cadmium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.2 1.12 38 0.36 1.67 1.79 37 0.58 0.18 Lead PM2.5 ng/m3 3.73 2.46 38 0.78 6.16 6 37 1.93 0.03 Chromium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.18 1.24 38 0.39 1.27 3.5 37 1.13 0.88 Manganese PM2.5 ng/m3 2.83 2.1 38 0.67 3.1 2.63 37 0.85 0.62 Vanadium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.05 0.87 38 0.28 3.17 2.36 37 0.76 5.99E-06 Nickel PM2.5 ng/m3 1.47 2.56 38 0.81 1.53 1.61 37 0.52 0.91 Copper PM2.5 ng/m3 8.5 5.86 38 1.86 16.29 5.12 37 1.65 4.13E-08 Elemental Carbon PM2.5 μg/m3 0.79 0.46 39 0.14 1.21 0.83 37 0.27 8.00E-03 Arsenic TSP ng/m3 0.54 0.54 35 0.18 0.56 0.48 37 0.15 0.87 Cadmium TSP ng/m3 1.51 0.87 35 0.29 1.61 0.74 37 0.24 7.43E-09 Lead TSP ng/m3 5.85 2.6 35 0.86 9.61 7.03 37 2.27 0 Chromium TSP ng/m3 2.99 2.12 35 0.7 3.55 2.48 37 0.8 0.3 Manganese TSP ng/m3 56.58 34.63 35 11.48 38.71 22.43 37 7.23 0.01 Vanadium TSP ng/m3 4.3 2.89 35 0.96 5.53 3.25 37 1.05 0.1 Nickel TSP ng/m3 2.09 1.2 35 0.4 3.67 4.39 37 1.42 0.04 Copper TSP ng/m3 15.45 6.76 35 2.24 26.85 10.9 37 3.51 1.34E-06 Hexavalent Chromium TSP ng/m3 0.12 0.09 35 0.03 0.32 0.41 38 0.13 0.01 Elemental Carbon PM10 μg/m3 1.06 0.49 34 0.17 1.92 1.16 34 0.39 2.00E-04 

Manganese showed higher levels in PM10 at Indio. Manganese levels are in general higher in the eastern portion of 

reflect contributions from geologic sources. No difference was found in PM2.5 levels. 
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Table 5-3. Comparison of Observed Concentrations for the Microscale and Fixed Site Pair of San Bernardino and I

Bernardino 

Microscale Site 

San Bernardino 

Fixed Site 

Inland Valley San Bernardino 

Pollutant Category Units AVG S.D. N 95%CI AVG S.D. N 95%CI P-Value Acetaldehyde VOC ppb 2.23 1.44 41 0.44 1.25 0.81 44 0.24 0.0003 YeAcetone VOC ppb 2.38 2.82 41 0.86 1.58 1.04 44 0.31 0.09 No Benzene VOC ppb 0.73 0.38 45 0.11 0.51 0.28 46 0.08 0.013 YeCarbon Tetrachloride VOC ppb 0.08 0 45 0.001 0.07 0.01 46 0.003 6.45E-06 YeChloroethene (Vinyl Chloride) VOC ppb 0 0 45 -- 0 0 46 -- -- -- Chloroform VOC ppb 0.03 0.01 44 0 0.03 0.01 45 0 0.9 No Ethylbenzene VOC ppb 0.27 0.16 45 0.05 0.22 0.14 46 0.04 0.10 No Formaldehyde VOC ppb 3.37 1.79 41 0.55 2.38 1.56 44 0.46 0.008 YeMethyl Ethyl Ketone VOC ppb 0.42 0.33 41 0.1 0.28 0.17 44 0.05 0.02 YeMethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether VOC ppb 0.05 0.04 44 0.01 0.01 0.02 46 0 6.05E-09 YeMethylene Chloride VOC ppb 0.24 0.18 45 0.05 0.16 0.11 46 0.03 1.00E-02 YePerchloroethylene VOC ppb 0.04 0.03 45 0.01 0.04 0.03 46 0.01 0.39 No Styrene VOC ppb 0.1 0.09 45 0.03 0.08 0.07 46 0.02 0.43 No Toluene VOC ppb 2.51 1.63 45 0.48 1.73 1.15 46 0.33 0.01 YeTrichloroethylene VOC ppb 0.02 0.07 45 0.02 0.01 0.01 46 0 0.6 No (m+p)-xylenes VOC ppb 0.98 0.61 45 0.18 0.82 0.54 46 0.16 0.20 No o-xylene VOC ppb 0.35 0.23 45 0.07 0.19 0.14 46 0.04 0.0002 Ye1,2-Dichlorobenzene VOC ppb 0 0 45 -- 0 0 46 -- -- -- 1,2-Dichloroethane VOC ppb 0.01 0.01 45 0.00191 0 0 46 -- 1.95E-09 Ye1,2-Dichloropropane VOC ppb 0 0 45 -- 0 0 46 -- -- -- 1,4-Dichlorobenzene VOC ppb 0.07 0.05 45 0.02 0.03 0.02 46 0.01 2.69E-05 Ye1,2-Dibromoethane VOC ppb 0.01 0.08 45 0.02 0 0 46 -- 0.32 No 1,3-Butadiene VOC ppb 0.12 0.08 45 0.02 0.1 0.06 46 0.02 0.13 No Arsenic PM2.5 ng/m3 1.24 0 11 0 1.24 0 11 0 0.28 No Cadmium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.46 0.5 11 0.3 2.14 1.57 11 0.93 0.19 No Lead PM2.5 ng/m3 3.72 3.08 11 1.82 9.92 14.28 11 8.44 0.19 No Chromium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.35 0.37 11 0.22 2.59 3.3 11 1.95 0.24 No Manganese PM2.5 ng/m3 3.15 2.62 11 1.55 5.41 3.39 11 2 0.09 No Vanadium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.35 0.37 11 0.22 1.35 0.37 11 0.22 0.99 No Nickel PM2.5 ng/m3 1.24 0 11 0 1.58 0.8 11 0.47 0.19 No Copper PM2.5 ng/m3 15.99 6.88 11 4.07 22.65 16.01 11 9.46 0.23 No Elemental Carbon PM2.5 μg/m3 1.42 1.01 11 0.59 1.67 1.07 11 0.63 0.4 No Arsenic TSP ng/m3 0.74 0.68 43 0.2 0.64 0.53 42 0.16 0.44 No Cadmium TSP ng/m3 1.37 0.59 43 0.18 1.6 0.85 42 0.26 0.13 No Lead TSP ng/m3 12.48 8.2 43 2.45 12.2 9.34 42 3.23 0.89 No Chromium TSP ng/m3 4.59 3.27 43 0.98 4.56 3.96 42 1.2 0.97 No Manganese TSP ng/m3 37.11 22.53 43 6.73 40.07 30.73 42 9,29 0.62 No Vanadium TSP ng/m3 3.93 4.03 43 1.2 4.49 5.04 42 1.52 0.57 No Nickel TSP ng/m3 2.93 2.12 43 0.63 3.03 2.84 42 0.86 0.85 No Copper TSP ng/m3 32.93 14.54 43 4.34 40.2 24.21 42 7.32 0.10 No Hexavalent Chromium TSP ng/m3 0.2 0.09 51 0.03 0.21 0.1 48 0.03 0.89 No Elemental Carbon PM10 μg/m3 2.75 1.13 46 0.33 2.47 1.22 43 0.37 0.27 No 

San Bernardino showed higher levels of several pollutants associated with vehicle emissions, including benzene, 1,3aldehydes, and may reflect the influence of nearby traffic. Also the solvents methyl ethyl ketone and methylene chl
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Table 5-4. Comparison of Observed Concentrations for the Microscale and Fixed Site Pair of Sun Valley and Burba

 Microscale Site - Sun Valley Fixed Site - Burbank StaPollutant Category Units AVG S.D. N 95%CI AVG S.D. N 95%CI P-Value SigAcetaldehyde VOC ppb 1.74 0.79 96 0.16 2.01 0.85 100 0.17 0.02 Yes Acetone VOC ppb 2.35 2.04 96 0.41 1.86 2.5 100 0.49 0.13 No Benzene VOC ppb 0.52 0.23 91 0.05 0.75 0.46 101 0.09 2.29E-05 Yes Carbon Tetrachloride VOC ppb 0.07 0.01 91 0.0018 0.09 0.01 101 0.0017 3.08E-28 Yes Chloroethene (Vinyl Chloride) VOC ppb 0 0 91 0 0 0 101 0 0.7 No Chloroform VOC ppb 0.04 0.02 91 0 0.05 0.03 101 0.01 0.002 Yes Ethylbenzene VOC ppb 0.22 0.11 91 0.02 0.38 0.26 101 0.05 1.57E-07 Yes Formaldehyde VOC ppb 4.04 1.82 96 0.36 3.96 1.68 100 0.33 0.74 No Methyl Ethyl Ketone VOC ppb 0.3 0.17 96 0.03 0.3 0.22 100 0.04 0.96 No Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether VOC ppb 0.03 0.03 91 0.01 0 0.01 101 0 1.09E-12 Yes Methylene Chloride VOC ppb 0.29 0.15 91 0.03 0.37 0.35 101 0.07 0.050 No Perchlororoethylene VOC ppb 0.09 0.06 91 0.01 0.1 0.1 101 0.02 0.48 No Styrene VOC ppb 0.16 0.15 28 0.05 0.24 0.17 30 0.06 0.06 No Toluene VOC ppb 1.77 0.86 91 0.18 2.69 1.76 101 0.34 8.03E-06 Yes Trichloroethylene VOC ppb 0.03 0.03 91 0.01 0.02 0.03 101 0.01 0.34 No (m+p)-xylenes VOC ppb 0.86 0.47 90 0.1 1.35 0.93 101 0.18 5.77E-06 Yes o-xylene VOC ppb 0.27 0.14 91 0.03 0.35 0.37 101 0.07 0.03 Yes 1,2-Dichlorobenzene VOC ppb 0 0 91 -- 0 0.01 101 0 0.04 Yes 1,2-Dichloroethane VOC ppb 0.01 0.01 91 0.0011 0 0 101 0.0004 2.6E-16 Yes 1,2-Dichloropropane VOC ppb 0 0 91 -- 0 0 101 0 0.32 No 1,4-Dichlorobenzene VOC ppb 0.03 0.02 91 0 0.03 0.02 101 0 0.78 No 1,2-Dibromoethane VOC ppb 0 0 91 -- 0 0 101 -- -- -- 1,3-Butadiene VOC ppb 0.22 0.17 91 0.04 0.13 0.13 101 0.03 2.75E-05 Yes Arsenic PM2.5 ng/m3 0.22 0.48 110 0.09 0.3 0.66 108 0.12 0.29 No Cadmium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.3 1.59 110 0.3 1.45 2.26 108 0.43 0.57 No Lead PM2.5 ng/m3 5.06 4.76 110 0.89 4.94 3.81 108 0.72 0.84 No Chromium PM2.5 ng/m3 5.87 21.56 110 4.03 3.77 16.37 108 3.09 0.41 No Manganese PM2.5 ng/m3 3.82 7.62 110 1.42 3.11 6.37 108 1.2 0.45 No Vanadium PM2.5 ng/m3 2.88 2.84 110 0.53 3.94 4.07 108 0.77 0.03 Yes Nickel PM2.5 ng/m3 3.46 5.72 110 1.07 3.45 4.88 108 0.92 0.99 No Copper PM2.5 ng/m3 16.16 5.79 110 1.08 26.72 12.55 108 2.37 1.87E-13 Yes Elemental Carbon PM2.5 μg/m3 1.83 0.91 109 0.17 2.18 1.27 111 0.24 0.02 Yes Arsenic TSP ng/m3 0.6 0.53 84 0.11 0.72 0.58 81 0.13 0.18 No Cadmium TSP ng/m3 1.62 0.92 84 0.2 1.46 0.79 81 0.17 0.21 No Lead TSP ng/m3 9.05 6.44 84 1.38 10.09 5.41 81 1.18 0.26 No Chromium TSP ng/m3 2.42 1.81 84 0.39 4.41 3.43 81 0.75 8.40E-06 Yes Manganese TSP ng/m3 23.52 13.94 84 2.98 23.58 16.35 81 3.56 0.98 No Vanadium TSP ng/m3 4.32 3.81 84 0.82 5.28 4.37 81 0.9 0.13 No Nickel TSP ng/m3 2.57 1.81 84 0.39 3.66 2.07 81 0.45 0.00 Yes Copper TSP ng/m3 51.51 26.68 84 5.71 50.28 24.98 81 5.44 0.76 No Hexavalent Chromium TSP ng/m3 0.17 0.17 122 0.03 0.13 0.1 126 0.02 0.01 Yes Elemental Carbon PM10 μg/m3 2.01 0.87 97 0.17 2.33 1.14 99 0.22 0.03 Yes 

The Sun Valley site showed higher levels of hexavalent chromium than Burbank. This may reflect the nearby use osuch as plating operations. Also the level of 1,3-butadiene was relatively higher. 
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5-8 

Table 5-5. Comparison of Observed Concentrations for the Microscale and Fixed Site Pair of Santa Ana and Anahe

 Microscale Site - Santa Ana Fixed Site - Anaheim StaPollutant Category Units AVG S.D. N 95%CI AVG S.D. N 95%CI P-Value SigAcetaldehyde VOC ppb 1.87 0.91 47 0.26 1.62 0.67 50 0.19 0.12 No Acetone VOC ppb 1.82 1.92 47 0.55 2.61 3.01 50 0.83 0.13 No Benzene VOC ppb 1.04 0.6 47 0.17 0.61 0.4 46 0.12 8.77E-05 Yes Carbon Tetrachloride VOC ppb 0.07 0.01 47 0.0019 0.09 0.01 46 0.0026 4.35E-14 Yes Chloroethene Vinyl Chloride VOC ppb 0 0 47 -- 0 0 46 -- -- -- Chloroform VOC ppb 0.04 0.02 47 0.01 0.04 0.02 46 0.01 0.3 No Ethylbenzene VOC ppb 0.45 0.29 47 0.08 0.31 0.25 46 0.07 0.01 Yes Formaldehyde VOC ppb 3.66 1.44 47 0.41 3.56 1.47 50 0.41 0.73 No Methyl Ethyl Ketone VOC ppb 0.21 0.15 47 0.04 0.22 0.14 50 0.04 0.61 No Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether VOC ppb 0.03 0.02 47 0.01 0 0.01 46 0 2.21E-08 Yes Methylene Chloride VOC ppb 0.8 2.31 47 0.66 0.31 0.2 45 0.06 0.15 No Perchloroethylene VOC ppb 0.07 0.05 47 0.02 0.08 0.08 46 0.02 0.62 No Styrene VOC ppb 0.13 0.16 47 0.05 0.58 1.01 46 0.29 0.005 Yes Toluene VOC ppb 3.25 2.01 47 0.57 2.18 1.66 46 0.01 0.01 Yes Trichloroethylene VOC ppb 0.02 0.02 47 0.006 0.01 0.02 46 0.005 0.001 Yes (m+p)-xylenes VOC ppb 1.82 1.29 47 0.37 1.02 0.81 46 0.23 6.00E-04 Yes o-xylene VOC ppb 0.6 0.41 47 0.12 0.33 0.34 46 0.1 9.00E-04 Yes 1,2-Dichloro Benzene VOC ppb 0 0 47 -- 0 0 46 0 0.32 No 1,2-Dichloro Ethane VOC ppb 0.01 0.01 47 0 0 0 46 -- 3.5E-13 Yes 1,2-Dichloro Propane VOC ppb 0 0 47 -- 0 0 46 0 0.32 No 1,4-Dichloro Benzene VOC ppb 0.07 0.05 47 0.015 0.02 0.02 46 0.006 4.44E-07 Yes 1,2-Dibromo Ethane VOC ppb 0 0 47 -- 0 0 46 -- -- -- 1,3-Butadiene VOC ppb 0.5 0.39 47 0.11 0.08 0.09 46 0.02 2.19E-09 Yes Arsenic PM2.5 ng/m3 0.18 0.38 62 0.09 0.3 0.59 64 0.14 0.15 No Cadmium PM2.5 ng/m3 1.39 1.71 62 0.42 1.71 2.2 64 0.54 0.37 No Lead PM2.5 ng/m3 3.88 3.44 62 0.86 3.74 2.54 64 0.62 0.79 No Chromium PM2.5 ng/m3 13.67 35.61 62 8.86 6.11 19.24 64 4.71 0.14 No Manganese PM2.5 ng/m3 5.59 11.61 62 2.89 3.28 6.58 64 1.61 0.18 No Vanadium PM2.5 ng/m3 7.18 5.56 62 1.38 7.46 5.29 64 1.3 0.78 No Nickel PM2.5 ng/m3 7.34 10.64 62 2.65 5.81 6.59 64 1.61 0.34 No Copper PM2.5 ng/m3 18.62 11.65 62 2.9 14.5 7.56 64 1.85 0.02 Yes Elemental Carbon PM2.5 μg/m3 1.9 1.24 63 0.31 1.92 1.3 64 0.32 0.95 No Arsenic TSP ng/m3 0.47 0.42 52 0.12 0.42 0.37 57 0.1 0.56 No Cadmium TSP ng/m3 2.1 3.25 52 0.88 1.54 0.84 57 0.22 0.23 No Lead TSP ng/m3 8.28 8.98 52 2.44 7.66 7.57 57 1.97 0.7 No Chromium TSP ng/m3 2.8 2.51 52 0.68 2.77 2.54 57 0.66 0.96 No Manganese TSP ng/m3 22.73 19.33 52 5.25 21.12 14.82 57 3.85 0.63 No Vanadium TSP ng/m3 12.73 21.12 52 5.74 9.26 5.48 57 1.42 0.26 No Nickel TSP ng/m3 5.16 6.37 52 1.73 4.4 2.05 57 0.53 0.42 No Copper TSP ng/m3 45.73 34.51 52 9.38 40.8 22.08 57 5.73 0.38 No Hexavalent Chromium TSP ng/m3 0.12 0.09 60 0.02 0.12 0.08 62 0.02 0.78 No Elemental Carbon PM10 μg/m3 1.87 0.98 53 0.26 1.91 1.17 60 0.3 0.84 No 

Several pollutants associated with vehicle emissions, including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, toluene, xylene and ethylben

higher levels at the Santa Ana site compared to Anaheim. This likely reflects the influence of nearby traffic. Coppe

higher, but copper was not higher in PM10.