NISTIR 85-3273-5

(Rev. 10/90)

NAT L INST. OF STAND & TECH R.I.C.

A 1 1 1 3 M51flhD

Energy Prices and Discount Factors

for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 1991

Annual Supplement to Barbara C Lippiatt

NIST Handbook 135 and Rosalie T. Ruegg

NBS Special Publication 709

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Institute of Standards

QC

100

. U56

85-3273-5

1990

lepartment of Energy

' Management Program
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDA

TECHNOLOGY

Research Information Center

Gaithersburg, MD 20899
NISTIR 85-3273-5

(Rev. 10/90)

ENERGY PRICES AND DISCOUNT FACTORS

FOR LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS 1991

Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and

NBS Special Publication 709

Data for the Federal Methodology for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Title 10, CFR, Part 436, Subpart A; and for the Energy Conservation Mandatory Performance Standards for New

Federal Residential Buildings, Title 10, CFR, Part 435

Barbara C. Lippiatt

Rosalie T. Ruegg

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Institute of Standards

and Technology

Applied Economics Group

Center for Computing and

Applied Mathematics

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

October 1990

Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy

Office of the Assistant Secretary for

Conservation and Renewable Energy

Federal Energy Management Program

Washington, DC 20585

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, John W. Lyons, Director

PREFACE

This is the 1991 edition of energy prices and discount factors for life-cycle

cost analysis as established by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in

Subpart A of Part 436 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR

Part 436, Subpart A), and amplified in the Life-Cvcle Costing Manual for the

Federal Energy Management Program (NIST Handbook 135) . The data are provided

as an aid to implementing life-cycle cost evaluations of potential energy

conservation and renewable energy investments in existing and new federally

owned and leased buildings

.

The life-cycle costing methods and procedures as set forth in 10 CFR, Part

436, Subpart A, are to be followed by all Federal agencies, unless

specifically exempted, in evaluating the cost effectiveness of potential

energy conservation and renewable energy investments in federally owned and

leased buildings.

As called for by legislation, the National Institute of Standards and

Technology has provided technical assistance to the U.S. Department of Energy

in the development and implementation of life-cycle costing methods and

procedures. This is the second of a three-volume set which together provide

the methods, data, and computational tools for life-cycle cost analysis of

Federal energy projects.

Included in the three-volume set for Federal life-cycle cost analysis are the

following:

(1) Life-Cvcle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program . National Institute of Standards and Technology, Handbook 135 (revised

1991).

The manual is a guide to understanding life -cycle costing and related methods

of economic analysis as they are applied to Federal decisions. It describes

the required procedures and assumptions, defines and explains how to apply and

interpret economic performance measures, gives examples of Federal decision

problems and their solutions, explains how to use the energy price indices and

discount factors which are updated annually in the supplement, and provides

worksheets and other computational aids and instructions for calculating the

required measures

.

(2) Energy Prices and Discount Factors for Life-Cvcle Cost Analysis . National Institute of Standards and Technology, NISTIR 85-3273

(updated annually)

.

This report, which is updated annually, gives the energy price and discount

factor multipliers needed to estimate the present value of energy and other

future costs. The data are based on energy price projections developed by the

Energy Information Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy. Request

the latest edition when ordering.

iii
(3) NIST "Building Life Cycle Cost" (BLCC) Computer Program (version 3.0)

National Institute of Standards and Technology (in press, 1990).

The NIST BLCC program, version 3.0, supercedes and incorporates both the

Federal Buildings Life-Cycle Cost (FBLCC) and National Bureau of Standards

Life-Cycle Cost (NBSLCC) programs. NIST BLCC is designed to run on IBM PC and

compatible microcomputers with approximately 512 K of random access memory

(RAM) . It can be used to calculate the LCC of capital investments in

buildings and building systems which are intended to reduce future operating,

maintenance, and energy costs. BLCC computes the LCC for each alternative,

compares alternatives in order to determine which has the lowest LCC, performs

cash flow analyses, and then computes the net savings, savings- to- investment

ratio (SIR) , and adjusted internal rate of return (AIRR) over the designated

study period. BLCC can be used to perform economic analysis of Federal and

of private sector projects. BLCC version 3.0 uses the 1991 energy price data

in NISTIR 85-3273-5. BLCC in its application to Federal energy conservation

and renewable energy projects is consistent with NIST Handbook 135 (see #1

above). In its application to non-energy projects, BLCC is consistent with

OMB Circular A-94. In its application to private-sector and non-Federal

public-sector projects, BLCC is consistent with ASTM standards for building

economics. BLCC is integrated with the DOE ASEAM computer program which

performs energy conservation analysis.

Included on the BLCC disk is a stand-alone program called DISCOUNT version 2.0

which can calculate present value, future value, and annual value factors for

any discount rate and study period. DISCOUNT can access the DOE energy price

projections included on the BLCC disk to compute the UPW* factors needed for

Federal LCC analyses of energy projects, consistent with the factors included

in this report.

The three -volume set can also be used to perform economic evaluations of

Federal building projects which are not primarily for conserving energy or providing renewable energy but which have an energy cost component. Handbook

135 explains both applications.

The U.S. Department of Energy was directed by legislation and executive order

to make available to the private sector the methods, procedures, and related

aids developed for Federal use. In response to this directive, the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, under sponsorship by the U.S.

Department of Energy, published a life-cycle costing book for use by the

private sector entitled Comprehensive Guide for Least-Cost Energy Decisions . NBS SP 709 (January 1987). The private sector guide is supported by the data

provided here, as well as by the BLCC computer program. The BLCC program

(version 3.0) supercedes the NBSLCC program which is documented in SP 709.

BLCC provides LCC computational support for private sector projects as well as for Federal projects.

iv
To order any of the printed publications contact:

Advanced Sciences, Inc.

2000 North 15th Street

Suite 407

Arlington, VA 22201

Telephone (703) 243-4900

Please request the publications by name and number.

To order BLCC for analyses of Federal buildings, contact the above

address. Other users may order BLCC from one of the following:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Telephone (703) 487-4650

Joe Nguyen

PC Software Interest Group

1030D East Duane Avenue

Sunnyvale, CA 94086

Telephone (408) 730-9291

Lyle Mariam

MTS Software

3634 Knollstone

St. Louis, MO 63135

Telephone (314) 441-1022

Workshops on the life-cycle costing method and energy analysis are conducted

at locations around the country each year. The workshops include training and

software for both BLCC and an energy analysis computer program called "A

Simplified Energy Analysis Method" (ASEAM) . A schedule of workshops can be

obtained from the Applied Economics Group, National Institute of Standards and

Technology, Bldg. 101, Rm. A415, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, Telephone

(301) 975-6132.

An introduction to the workshop is provided in a video training film, "LeastCost Energy Decisions: An Introduction to Life-Cycle Cost Analysis." The

video film and companion workbook can be ordered from Video Transfer, Inc.

,

5709-B Arundel Avenue, Rockville, MD 20852, Tel (301) 881-0270. Additional

video training films in the series are in preparation.

Further information on the Federal Energy Management Program can be obtained

from the Federal Energy Management Program Staff, Office of the Assistant

Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy.

Please direct communication to: FEMP, CE 10.1, U.S. Department of Energy,

1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20585.

v
NOTICE

Please note that Federal Methodology for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Title 10,

CFR, Part 436, Subpart A has been revised to incorporate changes required by

the Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615), and to

reflect 10-years experience with the Federal LCC Rule.

The principal change is a discount rate set annually by DOE. The rate for

1991 is equivalent to a market rate of 8.4% and is based on long-term Treasury

bond rates averaged over the previous 12 months. The market rate is converted

to a "real" discount rate of 4.7%, exclusive of the Administration's assumed

rate of general price inflation, to correspond with the constant-dollar

analysis approach that is used. The results are identical to those that

would be obtained by using the 8.4% market rate as the discount rate and

inflating all cash flows at the Administration's assumed rate of inflation.

(For further discussion of changes in the Federal life-cycle costing rule see Notice of Final Rulemaking, Federal Register . October 31, 1990. For a more detailed description of how the Federal discount rate is determined, see NIST

Handbook 135 (revised 1991).)

The SPW, UPW, and UPW* factors in Part I of this report are given both for the

4.7% discount rate and for a 10% discount rate. The former are for evaluating

Federal energy conservation and renewable energy projects. The latter are for

evaluating Federal projects subject to 0MB Circular A-94, i.e., most Federal

capital investment projects other than energy projects and water-resources

proj ects

.

An additional change in the Federal methodology that affects the data in this

report is the allowance in the analysis of a planning/design/construction

period prior to building occupancy. The text that accompanies the "B" series

of tables explains how to use the UPW* factors to account for a

p lanning/des ign/cons true t ion period.

vi
ABSTRACT

This is the 1991 annual edition of energy prices and discount factors for

performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy conservation and renewable

energy projects. It supports the Federal life-cycle costing methodology by

updating the energy price projections and discount factors that are described,

explained, and illustrated in NIST Handbook 135 (HB 135) . It supports

private-sector life-cycle cost analysis by updating the energy price indices

that are described, explained, and illustrated in NBS Special Publication 709

(SP 709) . It also supports the Energy Conservation Mandatory Performance

Standards for New Federal Residential Buildings (10 CFR 435) by providing a table of factors for updating appliance label values.

vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to thank Mr. Richard W. Brancato and Mr. K. Dean Devine of

the Federal Energy Management Program of the U.S. Department of Energy

(DOE) for their continued support and direction of this work. Appreciation

is also extended to Dr. Gerald E. Peabody and Mr. Michael D. Lehr of the

Supply Analysis and Integration Branch of the DOE Energy Information

Administration for providing the energy price projections and escalation

rates upon which this report is based.

viii
CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE iii

NOTICE vi

ABSTRACT vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS viii

CONTENTS ix

LIST OF TABLES x

ABBREVIATIONS xiv

PART I: TABLES FOR FEDERAL LIFE -CYCLE COST ANALYSIS 1

Single Present Worth and Uniform Present Worth discount factors .... 1

Modified Uniform Present Worth discount factors for Federal use .... 5

Projected average fuel price indices and escalation rates for Federal

use 18

Factors for updating appliance label values 35

PART II: TABLES FOR PRIVATE SECTOR LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS 36

Projected average fuel price indices for private sector use 36

ix
LIST OF TABLES

Page

A- 1

.

A-2.

B-la.

B-2a.

B-3a.

B-4a

.

B-5a.

B-lb.

B- 2b

.

SPW factors for finding the present value of future nonfuel,

nonannually recurring amounts 3

UPW factors for finding the present value of future nonfuel,

annually recurring amounts 4

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate =4.7 percent. Census Region 1 (Maine, New Hampshire,

Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York,

New Jersey, Pennsylvania) 8

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate =4.7 percent. Census Region 2 (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota,

South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas) 9

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate =4.7 percent. Census Region 3 (Delaware, Maryland,

District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky,

Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Texas) 10

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate =4.7 percent. Census Region 4 (Montana, Idaho, Wyoming,

Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Washington,

Oregon, California, Alaska, Hawaii) 11

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate = 4.7 percent. United States average 12

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate = 10 percent. Census Region 1 (Maine, New Hampshire,

Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New

York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) 13

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate = 10 percent. Census Region 2 (Ohio, Indiana,

Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,

North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas) 14

x
LIST OF TABLES (continued)

B-3b

.

B-4b

.

B- 5b

.

Ca-1

Ca-2.

Ca-3.

Ca-4

.

Page

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate = 10 percent. Census Region 3 (Delaware, Maryland,

District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky,

Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Texas) 15

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate = 10 percent. Census Region 4 (Montana, Idaho,

Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada,

Washington, Oregon, California, Alaska, Hawaii) 16

UPW* discount factors adjusted for average fuel price

escalation, by end-use sector and major fuel. Discount

rate = 10 percent. United States average 17

Projected average fuel price indices tied to the value of

the dollar in 1991, by end-use sector and major fuel.

Census Region 1 (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New

Jersey, Pennsylvania) 20

Projected average fuel price indices tied to the value of

the dollar in 1991, by end-use sector and major fuel.

Census Region 2 (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South

Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas) 22

Projected average fuel price indices tied to the value of

the dollar in 1991, by end-use sector and major fuel.

Census Region 3 (Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia,

Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,

Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi,

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas) 24

Projected average fuel price indices tied to the value of

the dollar in 1991, by end-use sector and major fuel.

Census Region 4 (Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New

Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon,

California, Alaska, Hawaii) 26

xi
LIST OF TABLES (continued)

Page

Ca-5. Projected average fuel price indices tied to the value of

the dollar in 1991, by end-use sector and major fuel.

United States average 28

Cb-1. Projected average fuel price escalation rates exclusive of

general price inflation, by end-use sector and major fuel

(percentage change compounded annually) . Census Region 1 (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut,

Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) ...... 30

Cb-2. Projected average fuel price escalation rates exclusive of

general price inflation, by end-use sector and major fuel

(percentage change compounded annually) . Census Region 2 (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota,

Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska,

Kansas) 31

Cb-3. Projected average fuel price escalation rates exclusive of

general price inflation, by end-use sector and major fuel

(percentage change compounded annually) . Census Region 3 (Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West

Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida,

Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas,

Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas) 32

Cb-4. Projected average fuel price escalation rates exclusive of

general price inflation, by end-use sector and major fuel

(percentage change compounded annually) . Census Region 4

(Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona,

Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, California, Alaska,

Hawaii) 33

Cb-5. Projected average fuel price escalation rates exclusive of

general price inflation, by end-use sector and major fuel

(percentage change compounded annually) . United States

average . 34

D. Factors for updating appliance label values 35

S - 1 . Projected average fuel price indices with assumed general

price inflation rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 percent, by end- use sector and major fuel. Census Region 1 (Maine, New

Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode

Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) ......... 38

xii
LIST OF TABLES (continued)

Page

S-2. Projected average fuel price indices with assumed general

price inflation rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 percent, by end- use sector and major fuel. Census Region 2 (Ohio, Indiana,

Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,

North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas) 40

S-3. Projected average fuel price indices with assumed general

price inflation rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 percent, by end- use sector and major fuel. Census Region 3 (Delaware,

Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia,

North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky,

Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Texas) 42

S-4. Projected average fuel price indices with assumed general

price inflation rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 percent, by end- use sector and major fuel. Census Region 4 (Montana, Idaho,

Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada,

Washington, Oregon, California, Alaska, Hawaii) 44

S-5. Projected average fuel price indices with assumed general

price inflation rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 percent, by end- use sector and major fuel. United States average 46

xiii
ABBREVIATIONS

N - Number of Discount Periods

ELEC - Electricity

DIST - Distillate Oil

LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas

NTGAS - Natural Gas

RESID - Residual Oil

COAL - Steam Coal

GASLNE - Gasoline

xiv
PART I: TABLES FOR FEDERAL LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

Single Present Worth and Uniform Present Worth discount factors

Table A-l presents the single present worth (SPW) factors for finding the

present value of future nonfuel, nonannually recurring amounts, such as repair

and replacement costs and salvage values. The formula for finding the present

value (P) of a future amount (F) is the following:

1 P = F x = F x SPWN Factor,

(l+d) N

where d = discount rate; and

N = number of periods, such as years, until F occurs.

Table A-2 presents uniform present worth (UPW) factors for finding the present

value of future nonfuel amounts recurring annually, such as routine

maintenance costs. The formula for finding the present value (P) of an annually recurring uniform amount (A) is the following:

( l+d) N -1 P = A x = A x UPWN Factor,

d(l+d) N where N = number of periods, such as years, over which A recurs.

In tables A-l and A-2 the factors are given for both 4.7 percent and 10

percent discount rates. The factors based on 4 . 7 percent are for finding the

present value of future amounts associated with Federal energy conservation

and renewable energy projects. The factors based on 10 percent are for

finding the present value of future amounts associated with most other Federal

projects (except those specifically exempted from the 10 percent rate). Both

the 4.7 and 10 percent rates are defined for Federal use to be "real" rates

exclusive of general price inflation. The factors are applied as multipliers

to future amounts which are stated in "constant" dollars, that is, exclusive

of general price inflation.

Examples of How to Use the Factors:

SPW(4.7%): To compute the present value of a replacement cost expected to occur in the 8th year for an energy efficient heating system, go to table A-l,

find the 4.7 percent SPW factor for year 8 (0.69), and multiply the factor by

the replacement cost stated in 1991 dollars.

SPW(10%): To compute the present value of a repair cost in the 5th year for a floor covering (non-energy related), go to table A-l, find the 10 percent SPW

factor for year 5 (0.62), and multiply the factor by the repair cost stated in

1991 dollars.

1
UPW(4.7%): To compute the present value of an annually recurring maintenance

cost for a renewable energy system over 20 years, go to table A-2, find the

4.7 percent UPW factor for 20 years (12.79), and multiply the factor by the

annual maintenance cost stated in 1991 dollars.

UPW(10%): To compute the present value of annually recurring costs of office

cleaning over 30 years (for a project not primarily related to energy

consumption), go to table A-2, find the 10 percent UPW factor for 30 years

(9.43), and multiply the factor by the annual cleaning cost stated in 1991

dollars

.

For further explanation and illustration of how to use these factors, see NIST

Handbook 135.

2
Table A-1 . SPW factors for finding the present value of

future nonfuel, nonannually recurring amounts

Number of Years FEMP LCC Approach OMB A-94 LCC Approach

Until Future Amount SPW Factor SPW Factor

Occurs (N) (d = 4.7%) (d = 10%)

1 0.96 0.91

2 0.91 0.83

3 0.87 0.75

4 0.83 0.68

5 0.79 0.62

6 0.76 0.56

7 0.73 0.51

8 0.69 0.47

9 0.66 0.42

10 0.63 0.39

11 0.60 0.35

12 0.58 0.32

13 0.55 0.29

14 0.53 0.26

15 0.50 0.24

16 0.48 0.22

17 0.46 0.20

18 0.44 0.18

19 0.42 0.16

20 0.40 0.15

21 0.38 0.14

22 0.36 0.12

23 0.35 0.11

24 0.33 0.10

25 0.32 0.09

26* 0.30 0.08

27* 0.29 0.08

28* 0.28 0.07

29* 0.26 0.06

30* 0.25 0.06

*SPW factors are reported for FEMP LCC Approach for years 26-30

to accommodate a planning/construction period of up to 5 years.

3
Table A-2. UPW factors for finding the present value of

future nonfuel, annually recurring amounts

Number of Years

Over Which Amount

Recurs (N)

FEMP LCC Approach

UPW Factor

(d = 4.7%)

OMB A-94 LCC Approach

UPW Factor

(d = 1 0%)

1 0.96 0.91

2 1.87 1.74

3 2.74 2.49

4 3.57 3.17

5 4.37 3.79

6 5.12 4.36

7 5.85 4.87

8 6.54 5.33

9 7.20 5.76

10 7.84 6.14

11 8.44 6.50

12 9.02 6.81

13 9.57 7.10

14 10.09 7.37

15 10.59 7.61

16 11.07 7.82

17 11.53 8.02

18 11.97 8.20

19 12.39 8.36

20 12.79 8.51

21 13.17 8.65

22 13.53 8.77

23 13.88 8.88

24 14.21 8.98

25 14.53 9.08

26* 14.83 9.16

« CVJN 15.12 9.24

28* 15.40 9.31

29* 15.66 9.37

30* 15.91 9.43

*UPW factors are reported for FEMP LCC Approach for years 26-30

to accommodate a planning/construction period of up to 5 years.

4
Modified Uniform Present Worth discount factors for Federal use

(Based on Federally required discount rates of 4.7 and 10 percent and DOEprojected rates of change in energy prices, both of which exclude general

price inflation)

This section presents "modified" uniform present worth (UPW* ) discount factors

for the 4 Census regions and for the United States. The factors are modified

in the sense that they incorporate projected energy price changes. There are

two sets of tables: the "a" tables present UPW* factors based on a 4.7

percent "real" discount rate, and the "b" tables present UPW* factors based on

a 10 percent real discount rate.

The factors presented in the "a" tables are for calculating the present value

of energy costs or savings accruing over 1 to 25 years and are to be used in

life -cycle cost analyses of Federal energy conservation and renewable energy

projects. Factors are now reported in the "a" tables for 30 years to

accommodate a planning/design/construction period of up to 5 years. (See

"Example of How to Use UPW* Factors" below for instructions on use with

planning/design/construction periods.

)

The factors presented in the "b" tables are for calculating the present value

of energy costs or savings accruing over 1 to 30 years and are to be used for

life-cycle cost analysis of the energy component of Federal projects that are not primarily for conserving energy or providing renewable energy. Both sets

of factors apply only to energy costs and savings that recur in uniform

amounts. Refer to NIST Handbook 135 for evaluating energy costs and savings

that vary in amount over time.

The UPW* factors incorporate rates of change in energy prices computed from

indices projected by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S.

Department of Energy. The EIA data are stated as annual averages. Therefore,

the factors are not tied to a particular calendar date in the year.

Documentation on the PC-AEO model used by EIA to project energy prices is

available in PC-AEO Forecasting Model for the Annual Energy Outlook 1990

(DOE/EIA-M036(90) ) , March 1990. Assumptions underlying the PC-AEO model are presented by EIA in Assumptions for the Annual Energy Outlook 1990 (DOE/EIA

0527(90)), February 1990. Projections at the national level are reported by

EIA in the Annual Energy Outlook 1990 (DOE/EIA-0383 (90) ) , January 1990.

Note that the EIA energy price projections predate the 1990 crisis with Iraq

and do not reflect the ensuing sharp spurt in oil prices. The user is

reminded, however, that Federal agencies are to use their actual energy prices

as of the date the analysis is performed as the starting point for estimating

present value energy costs. It is expected that this practice will account

for the jump in prices that followed release of the price projections.

The formula for finding the present value (P) of future energy costs or savings is the following:

N 1 9 9 1 + n ) P = A0 x Z = A0 x UPW* N Factor,

n=l ( l+d) n

5
where A, = base-year dollar cost of energy, i.e., the annual quantity of

energy times its 1991 price;

n = counter used to designate each year, with n=l for the year 1992;

N = number of periods, e.g. years, over which energy costs or savings accrue

;

I

( 1 9 9

1

+ n ) = projected average fuel price index given in tables Ca-1 through

Ca-5 for the year 1991+n1

; and

d = discount rate

.

Examples of How to Use UPW* Factors:

UPW* (4.7%, no planning/design/construction period): To compute the present

value of heating with distillate oil over 15 years for an energy-conserving

design of a Federal office building in New Mexico, go to table B-4a, find the

UPW* factor for commercial distillate for 15 years (14.19), and multiply the

factor by the annual heating cost in 1991 dollars.

UPW* (4.7%, with planning/design/construction period): (1) Find the UPW*

factor for the combined lengths of the planning/design/construction period and

the occupancy period (not to exceed 30 years), and (2) subtract from (1) the

UPW* factor for the planning/design/construction period alone. The difference

is the UPW* factor for the years over which energy costs or savings accrue.

For example, suppose an energy-conserving Federal office building in New York

is being designed. It is expected to have a planning/design/construction

period of 5 years, after which it will be occupied for at least 25 years. To

compute the present value of natural gas costs over 25 years of occupancy, go

to table B-la and find the UPW* factors for commercial natural gas for 5 years

(4.51) and for 30 years (21.17). The difference (16.66) is the UPW* factor

for natural gas costs over 25 years, beginning 5 years hence. Multiply 16.66

by the annual natural gas cost in 1991 dollars to calculate the present value

of natural gas costs over the study period.

UPW* (10%) : To compute the present value of electricity costs over 30 years

associated with rehabilitating a Federal office building in Ohio (energy

conservation is not a primary objective), go to table B-2b, find the UPW*

factor for commercial electricity for 30 years (9.59), and multiply by the

annual electricity cost in 1991 dollars.

For further explanation of the use of UPW* factors, see NIST Handbook 135.

Note: The data in the tables which follow are reported by 4 Census regions.

Figure B-l presents a map showing the states corresponding to the 4 Census

regions. The Census regions do not include American Samoa, Canal Zone, Guam,

Puerto Rico, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or the Virgin Islands.

Analysts of Federal projects in these areas should use data which are "reasonable under the circumstances," and may refer to the tables with U.S.

average data for guidance

.

x For greater precision, the UPW* factors reported in the Ba and Bb tables were computed using the unrounded form of the indices given in tables Ca-1

through Ca-5.

6
WEST

MIDWEST

NORTHEAST

(Region

4)

(Region

2)

(Region

1) 7

Source:

U.S.

Bureau

of

the

Census
Table

B-la.

UPW*

discount

factors

adjusted

for

average

fuel

price

escalation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Discount

rate

=

4.7

percent

(FEMP

LCC

Approach)

Census

Region

1

(Maine,

New

Hampshire,

Vermont,

Massachusetts, c2

*cI

I

*§

5

3

cI

«

o6

.8

<3O

QJC

a

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«CO

«fY

«CO«03

«o

o

1 W ^ ’ WVJ T-T-T-T-T— t-T-T-T-T-CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO F

fc

cc z fY CM CO CO 03 CO co co CO y- CM O CO o o CO o CM CM 03 in CO O) CO CO in fY fY o

—

J

C/3 <

03 03 CO q CO IO Ti- CO y— O CO CO co CO in y— CO tT O m yr- CO CO T— CO o tJ; 00

2l

cnz O y— CM CO Tf in ed r-‘ co 03 03 o T— CVJ CM cd Tf Tj- id cd cd 1^ 00 cd 03 03 O d o

o 1- T— r- T“ 'r_ 1_ T~ T— CM CM CM

-J CO N in o T- 03 in 00 co CO r~ in co co CO 03 CM CO 03 in 03 CM CO CO CM o N CM <o

o

03 co q q TT T“ q q co o q q q q y—' q q h- q q Y~ q o in 03 CO q Y

O' CO d y“ CM cd TT in in cd r^ cd co 03 03 o y— Y“ CM CM cd cd Tf tT in in in cd cd N T— T_ T_ Y— T_ T_ T~ T_ Y“ T_ T“ T_ y—

CO CO o CM CM o co co Tf y_ N- co 03 co in h- 00 CO 1^ Y3- 00 03 00 in o CM CM o in 03 < 03 03 CO q q q q CM y—_ o CO q q Tf q q q q TT CM 03 q q o h- q q in o q

1 o r— CM cd tj- in cd r^ co 03 03 d Y— CM cd Tf TJ- in cd cd 03 d o Y-I y-l CM cd cd < i

T“ T_ T_ T_ T“ T_ T~ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM E a 03 y— CO T“ 03 03 T* in 03 CO CO CM |y 1

00 CM 03 CO in CO 03 CO CM h- O o co co

CO co 03 o q y— r— CM Tt in co 00 q o T— r- CM CM q Y— Y— q q CO Tf q q Tf o q 13 HI d CM cd TT in cd r^ cd 03 d T— cd in cd cd 03 d Y-i Y-I CM cd Tt in in cd 1^ cd cd D

Z

cc T“ T" T_ Y

y— T“ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM b N- in CO O |y in CM 03 iy 03 03 fY CO Y“ 03 in 03 O CO in 03 y_ o CM in co

CO 03 03 03 q q q q iy q q q q CM o q q M; CM 03 q q o q q q M- O q q D d T“ CM cd TT in cd cd 03 o CM cd tj- TT in cd cd 03 o d Y* Y~ CM cd cd

y— yr- y— T_ Y“ T“ y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM o CO CM CO 03 fY CM in in co 03 CM TJ- co y~ in CO CO CO CO h- 03 o co in y_ in h- CO in 9

03 CO q Tf CM o q Tt y— fY Tt o q CM q cm q CM y—' q o q q y—_ M; q o q q

LU d 1—

CM cd Tf in in cd fY

- IY CO 03 03 o d Y— YTM CM CM cd cd Tj- Tf in in in cd cd cd

YYT- Y- Y— y— y— T— yY— y— y— ii

Y— y—

-J CO in 03 03 hY Y_ CO CM co co Tf tT y- CO o y_ o CO Tj- CO T_ CO Tf CO y- CO Ta- 03 CM < 03 q q q q Y— q CD co 03 co CM co 03 q o in 03 Tl; q q q q q CM co q CO o o 1- CM cd Tl- in in cd od 03 03 o o Y-" CM CM CM cd cd ti- TT id id id cd cd cd r^ T_ T“ T_ T_ T“ ir" T“ T_ *-

CO CO 00 CO in Y— Tj- co co co hY Tf CO o CM co Tt co y_ h. o O h- CM in in M- Y

fY < 03 q q q q q T— q h- q q Y—

_

00 q q o q M; Y“| q Td; o CO q CM q CM q y—_ —

1

s d Y— CM cd Tf in cd cd cd 03 o o Y—

CM cd cd -M- id id CD fY-' hY cd cd 03 03 d d Y“ < 5 Y

T_ T~ -,_ T_ T_ T“ CM CM CM o

cc Q 03 co CM o o co in co c-y CO CO o o rY. CM Tf CO o Tl- in Tl- o co CO CM CO

111 CO 03 o o Y— q q -M- q q co q o Y— CM CM CO q CM CM T-' o q q q q Y—

_

q in CM q 2E 111 o CM cd Tl" in cd 1^ cd 03 o r* cd Tt id cd cd 03 o Y—

' c\i CM cd TJ- id cd cd hY' cd cd 5

o

cc T_ Y— Y~ T_ T“ T" CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM cm CM CM o co TT o co y- r*Y in co co in y_ m 00 CO fY- CO N. 03 03 CO -M- in CO 03 CO in in co

CO q q 03 CO q q q co q Ti- co CM o CO q tI; CM q q CO q h- CO q in o q r- q y—_ a o y— CM cd Tf id cd cd ed d Y—- cm' CM cd id id cd cd co 03 03 o Y— Y—

' CM CM cd

T_ T~ T“ T“ 7_ H" Y— CM CM CM CM CM CM o M- Y— co y_ r-Y 03 03 co Y

CO CO o CO CO 03 |Y- CO CO O y_ 03 CO CM in CO CO CO CO CO 3

03 q q q q o q M; Y— 00 Tf o CD Y— CO Y— q Y— q o m; q y—_ q q Y—

_ tT q o q

HI o Y—" CM cd in id cd 1^ r^ cd 03 03 o o YTM Y- CM CM cd cd cd Tf- Tf -M- id id id cd cd

T— Y- y— y— Y— T” y— T- y— Y- Y— Y— Y— Y— y— Y—

CO CO CO fY tT CO Y- CM o co Y_ in |Y CO rY in CM fY Y_ co CO o CO 03 o CO CO fY o <

e

03 co |Y- CO Tf CO T- 03 fY tT CM 03 CO CO o -<a- O |Y CO 03 in o in Y“ CO O in 03 O’ d 1— CM cd -O' in co cd r^ CO 03 03 o - CM CM co in m co |Y CO cd 03 03 03 O

5 T— y— T“ Y— T_ ’r~ Y— Y— Y~ CM

5? co fY TT fY fY Tl" 03 o CO CO |Y o o 03 CO CM CO 03 o 03 CO CM in fY CO CO TT 03 CO

-J co (Y in CO CO CO CO 03 CO CM 03 in O CO CM |Y CM CO CM fY CM co o -o- CO CM in 03 < —1 o -r- CM cd Tf id id CO fY fY CO 03 03 o T- T- CM CM CO CO tT in in co CO CO fY fY fY

T_ T“ y— T“ Y—

LU b co CM CO CO in co CO CM CO CO CM 03 in co 03 CO in 03 CM T" 03 in 03 o o CO O- CO

CO 03 03 CO 00 rY co in TT CO r— o CO CO CO Y— CO in CM 03 in CM CO CO 03 -M- o in 03 TT 00

CO

LU D o T— CM cd T3- m co r^ co 03 o o Y— CM CO CO Tf in in co |Y CO co 03 o o o

cc

<r* — — T“ T_ Y— Y“ T_ 'P" CM CM CM CM CVJ O Ya- y3- co CM |Y o o CO CO o in CO 00 CO CM co CO 03 |Y tT 03 CO in in in CO 03 y

03 CO fY in CO o co in 1— CO Tl- o CO T" CO Y— CO T- in 03 CO |Y Y— Tl- CO Y“ o- O CM

UJ o T— CM cd in in cd r^ fY cd 03 03 o o r— T- CM CM CM CO cd ^a- Tj- Tf in id id cd CO

T“ Y— Y— Y— 1— Y— T— Y— Y—

Z - CM CO in co N co 03 10 r- 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 OCM CVJ CM

CM 23 24 25 co

CM NCM COCM

29* O

CO

8

UPW*

factors

are

reported

for

years

26-30

to

accommodate

a

planning/constructiori

period

ofup

to5

years.

(See

p. 6

for

instructions

on

use)
Table

B-2a.

UPW*

discount

factors

adjusted

for

average

fuel

price

escalation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Discount

rate =

4.7

percent

(FEMP

LCC

Approach)

Census

Region 2

(Ohio,

Indiana,

Illinois,

Michigan,

Wisconsin,

Minnesota,

Iowa,

Missouri,

North

Dakota,

South

Dakota,

Nebraska,

Kansas) « « « « « zoF Z y CM CO in CO N CO 05 10 Y— 12 CO 14 in CO hr 18 o>

T— 20

—

CM 22 23 24 25 26 27 00

CM 29 30 So z h- CM CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 1

o CO O) o 05 CO o CM 05 yr tr 05 CO LO o 'T CO CO

-1CO<

o>

q CO hr. CO in yt CO r- o 00 CO CO o 00 yt 'T- 00 yj;

q in T— CO r—_ co

t— CO o •O’ 00

O.

d r— CM 00 yt in CO 00

dd o r— CM CM CO yj- in CO CO 1^ CO 00 oid o d o

COz o

T_

y

yyT“ yyyyy •r- CM CM CM

CO CO co CM ^N- o o 05 yr 00 05 05 CO T— yt CO co "O’ o in 05 CM CO CO

y

05 in o < q CO fr <£> yh CM q hr yr o hr q 05 in T- hr q hr q h- q q O q q CO q O CO

<w> o d T— CM CO yd- in in CO h^ CO CO

dd o 1-1 cvi cvi cb cb o- ^d- in in in cb cb y 1— y T_ T_ 7_ T_

T“ T_ y—

CO N- o CM CM CM 05 00 in CM 05 in T— yh CO i— CO co 05 CM <0- CM 05 CO ^d- O’

N < o> q 00 hr q q q CM o 05 hr q q q T- q q q y—_ q CO CO 05 q q q q e o y-1 CM CO yd- in CD CO d d o T-I cvi cb yr in in cb CO co d o o y-I cvi cvi cb cb < 5 T“ T” t_ T_ y t~ T_ T“ T_ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

EE

a o in in CO CM in CM 05 in y_ hr o o hr CO CM 00 o CO CM CO CO CO 00 MCO CO q o CM yt q CO T-; q q q T— q CO q y— q q q 0; q CO q r- q h- q q 3 LU CM CO yr iri CO d d yL CM in cb 1^ CO d y-I cm' cb ^d* in cb co d d o T— cvi Dz

CC T— T_ T— T“ ^

y T“ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO co

b fr. in CO o CO CO yt 1

CO o CM CO T- 00 CO CO hr CO CM co CO h- CO co o o r*. CO CO co

CO 05 05 O) 05 GO

q CO CO hr hr COq yh CM 1q hr in COq O; T— yt o m Tq Ta d y— CM CO Tt in CO hr! CO d d y-I CM CO yt yt in cb 1^ 00 CO d o o y-I cvi cvi cb cb y T_ 7_ y y y y T_ T“ T" CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM o hr 00 yr CO o CM CO CM in in yh o yr co CO yh o co in in CO o in CO o o CO 5

05

q hr inq Tq

q

y— CO yd; o CO CM N- CM fr CM h- 1— in 05

q s. o CO N- o CO in

UJ o CM CO yh iri in CO 00

dd o d r^- CM cvi cb cb cb O’ in in in cb cb cb

T* t— T“ T~ T— T— T— T— r— T— T“ r- T—y—

y

T~ y—

_] CD h- in 05 o CO CM O’ co o co in O’ y. CO 05 05 CO in y- in 05 05 CO in CM hr CM in < q q N- q O’ -r- q CO co o co CM CO O’ 05 O; q O’ 05 O’ 00 q q o O’ co CM in q CM

VDo d cvi cb O’ ib in cb co 00

dd o o y-’ y—

cvi cvi cb cb O’ O’ in in in cb cb cb h^

T~ y“ T—T_T“ y—

yy— yr- T_ y—

T~ y— T_ T_ T_

CO co 05 05 co O’ 05 co hy co O’ in in CO o CO CM h- o CM o N- y— CO CO y— fr o CM < 05 q co q co CM o 05 q q q y—_ q N; o q q q O; y— h- O; o q CM hr q q co

_l o y-^ cvi cb O’ in cb 00d o y-I y-i cvi cb O’ O’ in cb 1^ coddd o T— y— cvi < Z T_ T_ T_ T~ T_ CM CM CM CM CM o

a:

D o in in o 05 CM co O’ o in 05 CM CM o CO 05 o 00 CO in O’ o co O’ in CO in y—

ID CO o o y—

q O;q CO o q

q co o qq 1^qq y—_qqqq T— o q hr

qq

y— 2 UJ y— cvi cb in cb K d d T— cvi O’ in cb co d y—' cvi cb O’ in cb 1^ co 00 d d y— CM

IEo

CC

y—

T“ y—

y— y—T“ T_ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM co CO CO o b h- m CM o O’ y_ co CM CO CO CO in CM CO CO CO CO CM in CO O’ o O’ co in CM hr o y—

co 05

q 05

q

q

q COq

q in O; co CM o q

q O’ CM 05 CO

q o CO

qq O;

q

q o Q o y-J cvi cb O’ in cb co d d yD cvi CO O’ O’ in cb CO d o d yD y-I cvi cvi cb O’ T“ T— yr— T” y— y

T“ y— y— 'r_ T“ t~ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM O Tf co y- co CM 05 co o- O’ CO 05 O CO in 05 CM CM co CO hr O o o co in y

05

q h- in

q yr—q

q

y— co O; o CO y— CO

qq

y— in

O O’ CO y—

qq

q

q 00

qq

UJ

d cvi cb O’ in in cb n! 00

d

d o o y—

y— cvi cvi cb cb cb O’ O’ O’ in in in cb cb

T— T— y— T— yr- y— y— y— T—

y

T— y— y— y— y—• yy

co CO 05 00 in CM co co y—.

CM CM 1— 05 CO CM in CO y_ CM CM 05 in CO CO hr yh co Y“

O h> <g

05 CO hr co in co TTM o CO CO yf t— 05 hr yf T— 05 CD CO 05 co CM CO yh o in y— CO y— in d T- cvi co O’ in cb hr h^ CO d o o y- CM co CO yh in in cb h^ h^ cb d d d d y- TT— T— — ’»— Y“ CM CM CM CM

CO hr tj- hr co in o CO yf CO o co T“ in CO hr CD yt CO CO o> CO CO in hr CO CO yh 1 CO hr in co T— 05 CD CO o hr CO o co CM 00 yh o CO y— CD T— CO r— co o yh 00 CM CO < o CM co yf in uo CO hr! CO CO d d o T- 1— cvi cb cb yh yh in in CO cb h^ hr' rri co cb

<r“ T_ T” T— T— T_ y—

yyy T“

y

LUo CO cn 05 yt co CM in CO hr CO CM hr 05 o CO

m 05 T— 05 yh co CO hr yh 00 o Y~ 05 CO

CO

LU

05 05 CO co hr hr CO in yh CO CM o 00 hr CM 05 hr TJO hr CO 05 in f— CO CM hr CO

a

d T- cvi cb yf in cb hr co

dd T- cvi cb yh yh in cb hr Cr cb cbd o d cvi cvi cr y- y- T“ y- T— T" T“ y- CM CM CM CM CM CM o hr hr •yr hr hr co CM 05 CO yf T— CO co 05 hr co hr 05 o 00 in o yh CO hr CO yt y— 5

05 CO hr in CO T— co in CO yh o CO 1— CO y— CO y— in 05 yh hr y— in 00 T- yh hr o CO

UJ

d T“ cvi cb yf in in cb frl hr cb

dddd T- - cvi CM cvi cb cby

h

yh yh in in in cb cb

T“ T— T” 21- CM CO tj- in co hr co 05 oT— CM co 14 15 CO—

hr CO 05 20 CM 22 CO

CM 24 inCM

CO

CM CM

CO

CM

29* 30* 9

UPW*

factors

are

reported

for

years

26-30

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.

(See

p. 6

for

instructions

on

use)
Table

B-3a.

UPW*

discount

factors

adjusted

for

average

fuel

price

escalation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Discount

rate =

4.7

percent

(FEMP

LCC

Approach)

Census

Region 3

(Delaware,

Maryland,

District

of

Columbia,

Virginia,

West

Virginia,

North

Carolina,

South

Carolina,

Georgia,

Honda,

Kentucky,

Tennessee,

Alabama,

Mississippi,

Arkansas,

Louisiana,

Oklahoma,

Texas) « « « « « z Zl — CM CO lO CO fs. CD O) o Y— CM CO in CO CO O) o T— CM CO in CO 00 05 o oF T~ T_ Y“ r— r- y— T— T— T— T“ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO <

cc z r-. CM f". CO 05 05 N- in o CO O" CO

O ^r in in CM CO o> o> CO CM CO 1^n in

O *t h- N. o

_Jw<

o> O) CO

q up up

q CO CM o 00

qq CO in CM CO

q o q CM CMq CMq in o>

CL

d Y— c\i CO O’ lb CO h-' CO oi 05

d T-" CM CM CO

bb in co CO CO CO o> 05d

d

d COz CD T" T_ r— T_ CM CM CM

_l CO CO CO y— CO CM co CM T- h« y- co CO YT_ CO CO h- Y“ CO CO Tj- N. oo q q q q q CM q q ^t 1— q q o CO cm CO q CO co CO q q q q q 00 CM co 05 o T-’ CM co b in in cb CO 00 05 o o Y~ Y— CM CM cb cb b b in in cb cb cb h-‘ T_ T“ T— Y— y— T_ ,_ T“ Y“ Y“ r— Y— T" Y—

cn h- CO in 05 CM CO co y- 05 h» h. h- in Tt •O" CO CM 00 Y— CM 05 in r^. CO CO h- CO h- <t q q oo q q q q in q q M- q

^3- •>3;

qq

q

y3" ^3" CO CO

q

O 05

qqqqq •O'

J1 d ir- CM co

b in cb co 05

d T— CM cb

b in cb CO 05d T“ CM cm' cb

b in cb cb h-' < 5 r* y— r" T_ r" T“ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

EE

Q 05 00

O co CO co o 05 05 h- in CM CO 05 05 CO co r» 05

O

y,_

y_ 05 in 00

CO CO O)

q T— T- CMq CO hq co

qqqq 05 o o o q

qqqqq COqqq CM

z> LJU

d CM CO

b in co 00 05 CM cb

b in cb 05

d y-i CM CM cb

b in cb cb cb 05

d

Dz

CC T~~ T—

T“ y— y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO

b h- in M- CM o 05 N- CO y— r»- o CM CM o co o CM co

O CO CO 05 r*. CM co co in CM co CO

CO 05

qq 05q COq COq rq

qq

q y—q inqq co COqqqqqqq

Q

d T“ CM CO

b in cb oo 05

d T“ CM cb

b in in cb cb cb 05

d Y» Y— CM CM cb cb

b

y— T"T” T“ i— Y— Y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

O h- 05 co CO *t CO co 05 co CM

m co M- y— in r- CO CD in h- in y_ co 05 Y— Y— Y—

y

UJ

05 CO

qqq cmq co co o q co 05 in y—

q T—

q

y— CO

qqqqq 05qqq CM o Y“ CM CO b in in cb 00 00 05 05 o y— Y— CM CM cb cb b b b in in in cb cb cb 1^

T— y— y— Y— T— i

y— Y“ Y— Y— Y— Y* Y“ Y— y— y~“ Y”

CD N- ID 05 o co co co co co co o y- 05 in o CM CO CM 05 in 05 CM ^t Tt CO y- CO 00 <oo

05

qq

q

q T“

q co co o co co 05 y3"qq Y— CO Y— in o q

q COq Y—q

q CM in

O

y— CM cb

b in in cbN 00 cb 05 05d Y—

Y“ CM CM cb cb

bbb in in cb cb cb

T_ Y— Y—y— Y* T— T_ T_ T_T“ W CO 05 05 CO CO h- yr- in 05 05 co h- Y3" o Y3- 05 CM Yt co CO co 05 00 o O 05 <s q q q q q q q o 00 q q CM q q q CO q q q q q in Y— q q q q q q q

_l o Y“ CM cb

b in cb r-i co 05

d Y“ Y- CM cb

bb in cb cb co CO 05 05 o y— Y“

Y“ <o

cc i Y

Y—y— T_ Y—YYY— Y“ T_ Y“ CM CM CM CM

Q o It CO co h» ^t co o co CO CO o CO o Y“ o in co CO

m 05

y

_ 05 ^t h- ^t CO

111 cn o o Yq co

q hq CMqqq Y— CO

T

q h- COqq CO 00qq inqq o q

q UJ Y— CM cb b in cb N-' 05 o Y-^ CM cb in cb cb 05 d yJ. CM cb b in cb cb 05 o o YT— 5o

cc

T“ T~ T_T" 7_T“ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CO o

fn in CO o r- co co o in 05 y_ CM o CM ^t in •t o Tt in y_ in ^t 05 CO 't

CO 05

q 05qq oo 00 coqqq

q

qq Y“qqq COqq Yt y—q cqq in o co Y“

Q o Y” CM cb

b in cb co 05

d Y“ CM cb

b

b in cb cb CO 05

d

d Y— Y“ cvi cb cbb

T“ T_ Y“ Y— *“T“ y— Y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

O N- 00 N- y^ CM 05 co Yt CO o ^t

m CD CO 05 CO o o CO in

O Tt co co in CO

a

UJ

05 00

qqq y—_q CO co o q CM CO 05qq 05 CO CDqqq CO CO

q CM

qq

d y—~ CM cb

b in in cb cb cb 05 05

dd Y“—

Y-" CM CM cb cb

bbb in in in cb cb cb

y— i

Y— y—Y—

Y

Y—

YY~ Y“ Y“

Y—Y— y~ T“

Y

Y—

CO co co CO in o CO in co co in y- CM CO h- N. in CM 05

O CO CO o o 05 in 05 <s

05

q

K co

q CO y~~ 05

q co o 00q CMqq co

O

qq 05 ^3-

qq

Y

q o q

q o y— CM cb b in cb cb cb 05 d o Y” cvi cvi cb b in in cb cb cb cb 05 05 o d o 5 T_ T“ ,_ T“ y— Y

T“ T“ T“ CM CM CM o CO 1^ Tt 05 co 05 y_ CM y_ 05 m o CO in O’ CM 00 CM Tt in it CM co co q q q q q Y— q q CO 05 q q q q Y-| q q 00 CO q CO q q q Y-| q q CO co q < o Y““ CM cb b in in cb cb 05 05 o Y“ y— CM cvi cb cb b b in in cb cb cb h~’ cb

T~

T“ T~ 'r_ T_

T“ Y—

YT“ Y

T“ YT_

YY“

UJ

b co co co CM 'S’ N- co h- in in N- co rt o '3‘ in

m CM h- o o C75 in 05 f.

Y

UJ 05 U5 o CO 05 q 00 00 q co in q q o CD q >ct CM 05 q co q q CO 05 q o in Y-| co o q o

CO

UJ

Q o Y“ C\i cb

b in cb co 05 o O YTM cvi cb cb

b in cb cb CO 05 05

d o Y“ T— CM

GC Y— Y— T_ T_ T_

T“ T_ T_T“ Y

T“ CM CM CM CM CM o !"• CO CO y_ co CM co CM co CM CO CM 05 CO in m co 05 co •M" CM 05 h- 05 05 CO co 05 q r^- co q Y— 05 CO co 05 CO CM CO CO 05 q q ^t CO CO Y“ q q CM in CO Y— q q

UJ o Y— CM cb

b in in cb

NN CO 05 05 o o yr- Y“ cvi cvi cb cb

b

bb in in in cb cb cb 'r_ Y

T_ Y“

Y— T_

Y— T_ T— Y“ « « « « « Z|- CM CO in co N co 05 10 CM 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 CM 22 23 24 25 26 27 co

CM 29 30

10

UPW*

factors

are

reported

for

years

26-30

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.

(See

p. 6

for

instructions

on

use)
Table

B-4a.

UPW*

discount

factors

adjusted

for

average

fuel

price

escalation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Discount

rate =

4.7

percent

(FEMP

LCC

Approach)

Census

Region 4

(Montana,

Idaho,

Wyoming,

Colorado,

New

Mexico,

Arizona,

Utah,

Nevada,

Washington,

Oregon,

California,

Alaska,

Hawaii) « « * « « zOF 2 7- CM CO "M- in CO Is- 00 05 o 7“ 12 CO in CO Is- CO 19 20 i—

CM 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

g z Is- CM CO 00 00 CO CO O)

_ CM Is- o CM o Is- CO CO

O CO 05 o o i- CO co 00 05 o —1

CO<

05 O) 00 Is; CO in CO T“ o 00 CO CO r- 00 in 00 73;

q CO T- CO CM Is- y— co o T3- oq

CL

d T— CM COb in CO 00 05 05 o T“ Cvi CM CO

bb in cb CO

b 00 00 oi 05 o o o

COz o

T“ 7“ T— T— T“ r- i— T— T— T'" 7” T— 7- CM CM CM

_l CO 00 CO CO i

00 7— CM v- Is- y- CO CO o in 05

O 05 Is- 05 CM in CO in *3- f. Is- CM <O

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T— T“ T— 1T“ T—T”

CO CO o CM CM CM 05 05 00 CO CO 00 CO Is- in Is- 00 Is- CO Is- 00 Is- 00 o 05 Is- CM <s

05

q 00 Is q

q CO CM T- o q 00

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T—

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cc

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q

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d 7—' CM cb M" ib in cb 00 cb 05d

d 7—' CM cvi cb cb •b i— 7

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O in in CO Is- 00 co co M- Is- o o 05 in 05 05 in 00 0 0 00 in

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q Is- inq T-;q co CO o q CO

q M" o q Y“qq inq crq 7q

q CMqq 7—

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d i-- CM cb in in cb r-i cb 00 05 05

d T“* 7

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T“Tco CO 00 co in 0 Tj- co Is- Is- in CO 05 Is- 05 0 0 CO CO CO 05 73^ CO co in CM CO < 05 q Is- q q co 7— q Is- q q q 00 q CM q Is- q q Is- q q in q q 7

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b in ib cb cb i^ cb cb 05 05

dd 7— 2 T_ T— T_ 7“ T_ T_ T“ 7“ 7- 7“ 7~ CM CM CM

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q Y—qq CO 05qq 05 in 7— Is- CM

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bb in ib cb cb cb

b

b ob

T_ T_ 7— T— 7“ T"

T“ T- 7“ 7“ 7~ 7“ 7“

T- 7“ -

HIQ CO CO 05 o- Is- y_ Tl

m in co 05 co 73- Cl CM 00 CM CO 7

in 00 00 CO CO co 00 00 CO CM

co

HI

05

qqq Is- Is- CO in

qq 7—

qq CO 73- 7—qqq 0 coq

q

M

qqqqqq

a

d 7— cvi cb

b ib cb i^ 00 05

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b

b in cb r^ cb cb 05

dd

b t—' cvi cvi a: 7“ T“ T— T“ T" T_ T- T“ T“ 7“ 7” CM CM CM CM CM CM

irt in in co Is- CD co co CM Is- O 7— 05 in

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7- T~ 7“ « « « « « z - cvi co tj- in co N 00 05 0 7“

CM 13 Tl in c0 Is- 00 05 20 CM 22 23 24 25 26 27 00

CM 29 30

11

UPW*

factors

are

reported

for

years

26-30

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

of

up

to5

years.

(See

p. 6

for

instructions

on

use)
o

r>- CM CO co 05 CO h- 't 05 CM co h- Y“ CM 00 CM

CT> o> CO CO in 't CO T- o 00

q cq y— 00 iq y— CO o i— CM CO 't in cb 00 05 05 d T~ cvi CM cb 't 't irj o y— CM CO in CO

N 00 05 o

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO

CM CM 05 •M- 00 o o CO T” £ CM £ T— CO o in 05 cb cb 00 00 05 05 d o o T— T— Y— »— Y“ 1— T— r- CM CM CM

0) 50) o>

(0£

COk»O —:

•*- 0 o 3 0 ^

to 5

#•(5* ? E w "O ^ c o CO o

COc3I£ ®

CL >» D -° d

ini CO0

•O£ O

COok_Q.

Q. <oo

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LD

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II £ I 2 § c a 5

50

g to $ .a S S <o0

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co

UJ0

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CO CO CO r— CO T“ CD y- CM

O i— co CM o CO 05 Y“

O h- CO h»O y- Y”

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05 CD h-. CO CM 05 r^. o co CM CM CD CO CO CM r>. CO o Tt CD in 05 o 1— cvi cb TT in in cb N- 00 CD 05 o o T- t- CM CM cb CO ^t in in CO cb CO h» h* h- T- y— T— T“ T— Y— Y* Y— T~ 'r_

CO CO 05 CO CO

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CO 05 o T- y— co •M- co co o CM co CO 05 o r- CM CM CO CO CM CM Y— 05 CD CO 'St CM 05 CO

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O T- CM CO ^t in in CO N- CD 05 05 o cc T” y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO

h- in CO 05 h- co co 05 CD in o vt in in CM 1^ 05 05 co y_ 'St 't CM CD CM 't 05 05 05 05 00 CO oo 00 N. h- CO in ^t co CM o 00 co Tt Y— CO in CM 05 in “ t" CM CO CO

Q

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05 co in co y— CD co CM 05 co CM CO 05 in

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UJ

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CO CO 05 05 CO CO h- in r- CO 00 00 co 05 co CD CO CM 05 h- co CM CO CD CO CO <e

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LU o CM cb "St in cb Is- co 05 r— CM co in CO f-~ 05 o CM CM CO in co 1^ CD CD 05

O 0 T_ y— T— T— T— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO b Tt CM CO 'St h» CM in h* in CM co CO 05 h- CO N» 05 CO in O CM CM 05 in CD o 05

CO 05 05 05 00 00 CO t". co in Tt co CM o CO CO Tt CM 05 CO CO o h* CO 05 't o in Y— in D d T— CM cb in CO co 05 o T“ cvi co CO in CO CO h- CO 05 05 o d 1— CM cvi cb co 'r* T~ T_ 'p_ T_ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM o CO h- Tt CD CD 't- 1^ co co CM in CO in T— in h- r- in Y— Tt CO CO o in CD o o 05 h- a

LU

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f— “ T_ T_ y— Y“ Y— CM CM CM

s? CO CO CO CO co h- 05 05 h- co o CM CM CO CO o CM CO CO CO 05 K 05 CD f" in CO l— CO in CM 05 co CM 05 in T— N- CM CO CO 05 M- 05 CO CD CM CO o 't CD Y” —J o r- cvi CO 't in in co t'. co 05 05 d T- -r- CM CM CO CO Tt Tt in in CO CO h- r"- CO T“ T— T" b CO co co CM in h- 05 05 h- CO h- 05 05 co N- 05 05 CM in CO M- y— in CO CO CO CO

CO 05 05 CD CO co in co CM o CD CO ^t CM 05 CO CO o co 05 in Y— co y—' co y~M CO o Q d T— CM cb 't in cb CO 05 o O T— CM CO CO in cb CO h» CD 05 05 d o Y- Y— cvi y— T~ T— Y— Y— Y— T_ CM CM CM CNJ CvJ o CO CO CO r- CO CO CM in CO o rr CO in CO CD y- CO CM o CO y- 't in CO 't CM a

05 CD r- in CO co in CM 05

m tr— h- CO 00 CO co CO CM CO

O ^t y— 't o m CO

MMUJ

d cvi cb 't in in cb 1^ cb 05 05 o d Y- cvi CM CO CO Tt 't Tt in in in cb cb cb T~ T— T— — T_ Y— Y“ Y— Z - CM co Y in co N 00 05 o T—

y— 12 13 in CO 17 CO 05 20 CM 22 CO

CM 24 25 COCM CM

28* 05

CM

30*

12

UPW*

factors

are

reported

for

years

26-30

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.

(See

p. 6

for

instructions

on

use)
CM CO in CO fv CO 03

O T- CM CO Td in CO tv CO 03 o CM CO io CO fv CO 03 o zor—

T— 1— T— T~ T- T— T- T— T— CM CM CM CM CM CVJ CM CM CM CM CO £ z CVJ CO o in CD CM in CO CO 00 in CO 03 in 03 03 CO o CM CM CO Td- 00 i— CO Td Td CO o /A 03 fv to CO o tv q o> Td 03 00 CM q q CO in CO y— CO in £ CO o T— CO q q N

CL < o T— CM CO Td- Td" in in CD CD tv fv CO CO CO 03 03 03 o o o o o T- T“ T— T“* i—’ “ T—

C/3 Z o

y~ T_ r— r~~ T—

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r- Td

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O tv CM co 03 r- CM CO CM r~ 03 < 03 |v in r- q q ,

<d;

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O y— CO Td- q tv

qq o y— y- o d T-" CM co co ^d- ^d in in cb cb (v CO 00 co CO 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 o O o ,- 1~ T~ Co

CO CM h- co 03 o in co h- sd- h- o- 03 T” CO CO co tv in T“ in CO CO tv Td- o Td CO o

03 h» in CM o q CM co 03 03 CO CO CM in 03 CM in co T—

q

q IVq co Td in |v s o T-^ CM CO in in cb cb CO CO 03 03 03 o o o T-’ T~ y— y— TTM cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi i s

T_

T” T” T“

T“ y— 1iT_ T_ T“ 2 < Q Td (V h* CO N» 03 03 co co N CM co o CO CO 03 CM i

CO CM o- CO o Td fv CO |v in CD

0) fc E CD 03q COq o q in

qq

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qq o q CO 0ou

Q.

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m tv 00 03 00 fv Td co O) g 3

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W.o o 1 d T_ CM CO CO o- O' in in cb cb cb Jv tv CO CO 00 00 cb 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

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'S' *—c 5 co in CM CO co Is* in o co CM 03 CO CD in co co 03 CO in CO 03 CM CO co E 0o •S> § <e

03o

hq

cvi CMCO

03CO

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t—o c0 8L c <o

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O o h> o in co CO tv tv CO CO co co co 03 co in o co Td- CO tv CM o3

i_

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00cbco

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C3 % 0 o£ Oo b CM o co CM co h- ^d- h» co CM o Td in Td 03 CM CO tv CO CO 00 Td CO co Td O 0 0 .o

cc C/3 03

q co ^d- T—'

qq T- N- CO co coq Tq 00q inqq COq tvq o CM CO

q co tv $ w 6) *-T Q d T- CM CO •<r o- in cb cb N h-’ co co 03 03 03 d d d Y“ y-^ T- i— TTM cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi 3 #-*

Q) T“ T“

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CLD

L—0

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q CMq T- Td; co T“ CO CO COqq Tdq tvqq T— CMqq Td;

qq 0b

C: <$ cc3

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d T~ CM co co O’ O’ in in cb cb cb fv IV CO co CO cb CO CO cb 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

d1 CO in CM CO 03 o co CM o CO 03 03 co in o co Td Td CM CO CO tv 03 CQ < 03 h- in CM co q o q ^

q o Td CO T— Td; |v o co CO co o CM Td in (v co q T—q CO 2 d T““ cvi CO co O' in in cb cb CO CO CO 03 03 03 03 d d d o d o o T^- T~ TTM 3 2 r— T— T“ y~ T~ T_ T_ y— T_ .q0 5? - ^r 03 h- o r- o co co ^d CM o 03 in 03 y— CM r_ co Td CO CM Td in in in CO t— _l 5

h- o- T“ co co

q coq CM co

q co CO CO 1

co

q COq Tq Td CO tv co

qq

y—

q < o T~ CM co co •vd Td- in in cb cb cb tv IV CO 00 co 00 03 03 03 CT3 03 03 03 03 d d o y~ y~ T_

LUQ

t— CM 03 CO o 00 CM co CO T“ 03 Td CO s o CO Td- co 03 co in in Td CO Td CD |V (V

55

LU

C/3 — 03 h- CO CO T—

q •O;

qq T— in

q Td;

q

qq f— COq COq

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d T^ CM CO O’ O' in cb cb r- co CO CO 03 03 03

dddd T“ T—

y“ T-^ T“ ^T“ cvi cvi 0 t

y~ T“ T~ y— y~

T~ T_ T" T~

y— o o T~ CO co in r_ CM 03 CM CsJ 00 r- T“ CO co co tv CD co 03 CO co CO 03 03 fv m CO o CD y

03 r^~ O; T— h- co

q CM

N T— Td CO 1— CO co co

qq Tdq IV

q 03q T“

qq Td;qq

LU

d T_ cvi co co ^d- in in CD cb cb tV |V tv tv co 00 CO 00 00 cb CO 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 z v- CM CO in CO h- co 03 O CM CO Td in CO tv co 03 o 22 CO Td in CO fv CO 03 o

T- T— T- T— T- T- y—

y— y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO

13
Table

B-2b.

UPW*

discount

factors

adjusted

for

average

fuel

price

escalation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Discount

rate =

10

percent

(OMB

A-94

LCC

Approach)

Census

Region 2

(Ohio,

Indiana,

Illinois,

Michigan,

Wisconsin,

Minnesota,

Iowa,

Missouri,

North

Dakota,

South

Dakota,

Nebraska,

Kansas) z T“ CVJ CO in CO Is- CO 03 o CVJ CO Vf in CO Is- 00 05 o T— P CO Tt in CO

N 00 05 o zoc

T— T— T— T— CVJ CVJ CM CVJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CO

r—<

J—

cr z; CVJ 00 o in to CVJ Tt CO 00 00 lO 00 00 in CT> o 05 in o CVJ CVJ 00 CO CO Tf Tf CO O

-J

pp to CO o p CO o> Tl- O) 00 CVJ to 05 co in 00 CO in

p CO

O y—' CO tt in to

p

0. < d T- c\i CO •m- Tt in in tO CO r-4 co 00 00 05 05 05

dd o dd T— T“ T-^ r- I—

coz O T” r— t— T— T_

—I T- Tf r- o Tt CM to in o CM

O in 00 Is- in o co Tt CO 00 CO Is- o CM CO CO CO T“ 03 <oo

03

p in CM 00 Tf 05 Tl; 03

pp o CO (O 03 CM Tf

p 00 o P Ttp

pp

p o T“ 1— o t- CM CO CO Tf Tf in in CO CO N 00 00 00 00 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 o o o 1— T_

C/3 CM h- to o o CO 03 03 in 03

O 00 CO co to Tt o Tt in in T~ CO 03

OO Tt 00 CM in <t

05

p

m CO

pp CMp Tfp in 03 Tf 00

pp o CO co 03 P Ttp

p i

P Tfp 1^ 00 o cvi CO Tf Tl- in in to to K 00 00 03 03 d o o o T-’ T— T” cvi cvi CM cvi cvi cvi 5 T~ T“ T" T_ ,- T” r“ T_ < Q in o in CO Is- CO co 03 o Is- o o Tf in CM in Tf o CO CM 03 CM Tt CM 03 CO to CO m CO E CO 05 03 00 p p p Tf CM y—' p co co 03 p y— p r-' p p Tt p T— Tf P p p Tt CO 00 o

LU o y

— cvi co Tf in to 00 oo 03 o o y— cvi cvi CO CO Tt Tf in in in in to to to to

=) cc *-

T“ T“ T— T_T” T_ T_ T“ i—

T“ T_

LJz h* CM in in CM Tf Tf 03 o 00 J- 00 CM 03 Tt I-. Is- Tf o co Tf Tt CM 03 Tt 00 o CM

CO 05 00 to Tt CM

pp CMp Tt o p

p Tt

p r- P p T— Ttp

p 1— P p P p 03 P Q d cvi co Tf Tf in to to 1^ 00 00 00 05 03 d o o T“ T— T— r- cvi cvi cm’ cvi cvi cvi CO CO

r—

T“ T— T“ T“ T_ iT~ 'r_ T_ T_ o co Tf 03 00 03 Tf in y— Tf CO o co Tt CM 00 CM co CO 1^ CM in 00 03 03 00 h- Tt r- g

03

p Tf Tp CO

pp Is- rp 00 Tf CO 03 i

ppp 00 03 o T— P CO Ttpp to

LU

d cvj cb CO Tf Tf in in t£3 to to r-4 r-‘ CO 00 00 00 00 oo 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

T— Tf o 03 CM o CO y- in co CO co 1^- CO CO 03 N- Tf 03 Tt 03 y- y- T— o CO in <oo

03 P in *—

p Tt

p Tt

p

p

p 03 CM

m CO o p Tf

p P p y— CM CO P co P CO

p

p o T“ cvi CO CO Tf Tl- in in to cb cb h-‘ N cb 00 cb cb cb cb 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

CO in co in CO CO CO 00 to CO Tf co o o CO CO Tt co o Tt CO h- CO Tf 03 Tt CO o <e p p p p p p r— p p p CM co T- p p P p p T- Tf p p o p Tf p P p o T— o P CM co CO Tt in id to to K f»’ c6

00 cb 03 03 03 o d

dd y— T-' T“* y-^ T* cvi cvi _j< i

•»

T_ i— 1y—TT—y— T“

T" y~~ T_ o a in o in co in Tf co h- 00 CO in 03 03 in CO r-~ CO in Tt o Tf Tt 00 03 CO co CO in CM

CCLU2

co 03

p

p

p

p

p Tf CM o p

p CM 00 Tf o in o pp P p o CO COp r- copp

p LU o r-^ CM CO in CO 00 CO 03 d d T— cvi CM cb cb cb Tf Tf in in in in cb cb to cb cb 2

CC T“ i— T- T—

T“ T_T“ ,_T“ T_

T~ T_ T_ T_

O CM in in co CM CD in CD CO Tt h- 1^

m 03 y— CO co co co i^- in y- co o co Tf

CO

p P p Ttppppp Tt 03 Tt P co T— Tf CO T—_

pppq P Tfppp o t-; o o T*TM cvi CO Tf Tf in to CO oo CO 03 03 o o o T“ y— TTM CM cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cb cb T“ T_ T_ T_ T_ T_ TTM T“ o CM Tf 03 h- 03 m in CM in Tf O co CO o CO 00 03 co CO CM CO 03 y— CM CM y— 03 CO CO 03

!u

p P Tf Tppp cop T-|pp

1— Tf CO CO o p Tt CO

ppq y—_p CO CO Tt

pp

UJ o d cvi 00 CO M- Tt in in to cb cb cb cb cb CO cb cb 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

CO in CM Tf y- ,f CO CD o 03

m 00 03 CO CM in CO in CM 00 T. CM CM

O CO y- in oo 03O < p p in p P p 1— p CM co T— in 03 00 Is- o CO p 03 y— Tf CO 00 q T—_ co Tt p p p o y— cvi cb cb Tt in in cb cb K N N cb 00 03 03 03 03 o d d d T— T— T— T“" T“" — y- s

T— T_ T_ y— T_

y— T—T“

T- Tf 03 o JT. o in h- CO co Is- 03 00 co

T

in Is- oo co Tf 03 Tt Is- 03 o o 00 P CD CO p Tt p CM p o CO CO 03 CM in p p y—' CO p P P P q p CD Tf Tf < -> o rC CM cb cb Tf Tt in in cb cb h-* 00 00 00 00 03 03 03 03 03 03 d d d d o E

T_ T_ T— T_ T—

LU

q CM 03 CM o Tf o CM 03 co co o co co 00 00 in

O Tf in Tf CM 03 00 o CM CM

LJ CO

p h- CO Tf TO

p

p CM hpp o Tf

p o co

pp

T— co

ppp o y-_

p Tt

p CO

LLI

Q

d T-I cvi cb Tt Tf in cb cb 00 00 03 03 03

d o d

d T—• •P P T-" y— cvi cvi cvi cvi CM

cc T_ 'rT” T_ 1

T_ y—

T“ T“ T— T— o CM Tf 03 fr. 03 m in CM m Tf o CM co o in 00 03 00 in y— in 00 o y- o 03 Is- in T_ Is- y1 1 1 ‘ 03 P Tt p co p CO p in CD 1— Tt to 00 O CM Tt p Is- p o y— CM p p Tt P P

LU o cvj cb cb M- in in to to cb h- Is- 00 00 CO 00 00 00 03 oi 03 03 03 03 03 03 z •*- CM CO Tf in CO 00 03 o CM CO Tf in CO Is- 00 03 o CM CD in CO Is- 00 03 O

y— T— y— y— T- y— y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CD

14
Table

B-3b.

UPW*

discount

factors

adjusted

for

average

fuel

price

escalation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Discount

rate

=10

percent

(OMB

A-94

LCC

Approach)

Census

Region 3

(Delaware,

Maryland,

District

of

Columbia,

Virginia,

West

Virginia,

North

Carolina,

South

Carolina,

Georgia,

Florida,

Kentucky,

Tennessee,

Alabama,

Mississippi,

Arkansas,

Louisiana,

Oklahoma,

Texas) „ Z|*- CM CO in CO Is- CO 05 OsE z, CM 05 O in CO CO CD r3- 05 8 s?

0> N; CO CO

p i- CO 05 rr o T— CM CO rr rr in in cb § ©

_i lO

Y

o Y3" CO 1- co CM <o 05 I u s- LO CM CO rr p r3; p O d T_ CM CO CO rT r3- in in

CO CM i- 1- CM CO in CM Is- o <i

05 i^ to CO o p

r3; o r- o CM CO O’ O' in CD cb < o rr CO O 05 CO o o E 55 p CO 00 CO in rr CM o co

te hi

cc

d

T" CM CO rr" in CO Is- az fc CM Y“ CO Is- CO Is- 1- CO rr

CO 05 co CO rr_ CM

p

p CO 05

Q

d T_ CM CO rr rs- id cb cb

O CM CO CM CM in co CO rr o 3

05 1- IO CM CO

p r3;p

HI

d CM CO CO rr *3- in in

_l rr

O 05 CM

O CO CM r- <oo

05 N- to T- CO r3-

p rrp

d T_ CM CO CO rr o- in in

CO to CO in CM in in Y“ rr <s

05 1- in CM 05 in T~ Is- CM o y-i CM CO CO rr in in cb ^ 5

COMMERC

>T

RESID IO o CO rT CO o co 05 05 05 05 00 i- (O in cq 1— 05 d y— CM CO O’ in co 1^

CM y- IO in TT co 05 o 05 co co rr CM p p CM p

D

d T_ CM CO r3" rr in cb cb

O CM to 1 CO co co 9

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p *3;p

HI

d T— CM CO CO r3- rT in in

CO to CM CO o CM o in co <1

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p T—

d CM CO CO r3- in in cb

s?

*- rr 05 Is- o r- o co co

-j 5 Is- rr T- 00 cq

p co

p < -* o T_ CM cb CO •O’ rr in in

HIQ oo CM 05 CO o 05 co rr o

CO

Q LLI LJ 05 Is- CO cq T— Is- rr

pp

d yr- CM CO Tt rT in cb cb

CC

O CM to Y_ o CO

O co v— in 9

05 Is- in CM CO rr

p rrp

Hi o Y“ CM CO CO rr rr in in z - CM CO o- in CO Is- co 05 o r- CM CO in CO

N CO 05 o *" y— ’ Y“ T= T— T” CM o r- Y— 00 CM rT CO 05 CO CO o ^3- 05 cq p O co p CO Y“ CO

1^ CO CO 05 05 05 05

dd

rr CM co o O co co Is- CO CO CO p Is- o rr Is- 05 CM *3; p p o

cb cb i^ l-‘ r-i Is

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05 co y— *3" Tj- y— CO 05

O 05 T3- CM 00 0- p 0; 05 CO Is- P p P

1^ CO 00 05 05 o d T“ T-^ r— T” T_ T~ T~

CO CO CO CM in •cf o CM CM CO p CM CO p p O in 05 CO CO

00 05 05 o 1-^ y— CM CM* CM cb cb T“ T— T— i

T~ T_

CM Is- 00 in 05 o CO sM- Is- Is- in in o in o 'S- 05 CM co 05 p p

1^ CO CO 05 05 05

ddd T— T“

T_ T— t

T_

T— 05 CO in CM Is- 05 o O) co

CO

p o CO CO 05 T— CO CO Is- 05

cb cb Is

-’ 1^ 1^ Is- 00 00 GO 00 CO

00 co o CM

T— CO CO in CO in CO

CM CO o co CO CO y— CO in Is- 05

cb cb Is- 1^ Is- Is- 00 CO CO 00 00

CO o in o Tf co CO o 1- CM CO o ^s p o- Is- o 00

cb l^ Is- cb cb cb 05 05 05

d

d 'r_ T”

o- co co Is- co

y

_ CM

y

_ in co

m Is- ^3; y— N p W P co Is- y—' co 05 d d -r- T— CM CM cb cb

T_T“ T_ T_ T_T” Is- o T_ Is- o CO CO CO in CO

^3"

ppp CO T— in oo T- O;

r- cb co cb 05 05

ddd r— T“ 'r- T_ *- T_

co co Is- co Is- CO Is- 05 05 1- co

CM co 05 CM in CO o P ^3; P p

cb cb cb Is- i^ 1- cb CO oo co cb

O’ CO o o CO o CM CM

y— Is- ^—

CO o in 05

p CO 05 P in Is- O

cb i^ 1^ oo cb CO 05 05 05

d

’3’ CO co CM o CD

O CO CO

CM CO

p co CO 05 T—

pp

cb cb cb i^ co cb cb CO 05

CM Is- 00 Is- M" Is- co co CO Is- y CO p M; p P P p T— p Is— 1^ cb cb cb 05 05 05 d d d T_ T_ T_

in CM CO Is- m y— in CO co o CM CO p CM in CO p p M- CO CO

cb cb cb 1- 1^ 00 oo cb cb cb o y- CM co O' m CO Is- co 05 o T— y~~ T— T“ T“ y— y— y— y— CM

CM CO *3- in CO Is- CO 05

O

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO

CO in CM 00 CM CD 00 a> O) CD

in Is- 05 o °sJ CO iq

p

N

d o o T- T- T-^ T- 1—* TT“ T“ y— T— — T— “ T*“

CO 05 CO CO 00 o o 05 CO (O p CO in p 1- p o O y— CM 05 05 05 05 05 05 o o o o Is- CO co CM CO co 00 Is- ^3- o P p p i

p in Is- p t— p

CM CM CM cb cb cb cb cb ^3" r3- T_ T“ T_ T“ T“ T“ T“ T_ T_ T“

CM co

y

_ CO CM rr

m rf Is- O p p p CO p I-; p O

TT in in in in in cb

T“ T“ y— 1— T_ y— iT~

y- in CO CO in CM ry— rr CO p o CM p CO 05 y— CM CO

T—’ CM CM CM CM CM CM cb cb cb

T—TT“T“ T“ T“ Y—

y_ in CO o o o 05 Is- rr

y—_

p CO

pp Is- Is- co 05 o

05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 o

05 rr co Y— CM CO CO CO Y— 05 O CM CO in CO Is- 00 05 o O

05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 o o T~

rr co CO in CM Is- CM in r- co

in Is- 05 Y“

p

p

p ip

p

ddd Y-" T“ Y—

Y—YY“ Y“ T_ T“ T“ 1

YY

Y— Y“ o co CO Is- o CM CM r— p p Y— rr p p Y—_

cq

p P

r3" rr in in in in cb cb cb cb T_ T_ ,_ T“ T_ T_ y— T_

oo CO co Is- CM co 05 y- p p T-| CO p p p p O p

Y— T” CM CM CM CM CM CM cb cb T“ T_ T_ ,_ T_ T_ T_ T_

CO rr in in

m co co rr

p rp CO rr

m CD Is- Is- CO cb 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05

co co CM 05 in 05 co in co co

CM rT P 1- 05

O

p cq rr

p

ddddd Y— Y— Y— YT~ 'r_ Y” T_ T_ Y— Y

T— o CO in 00 05 CO 1- in p CO in p p P o Y- CM 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 d d d

05 o CO CO CD 05 CM CM p Y— p rr p Is- p o y—_ p o Y— Y—

Y— Y— Y-“Y—CM CM CM

Y- T_ T_

T“ T_ Y— r“ T_ T_

in 05 CM CMO Is- rT

p o CM CO rr

pp P Is- 00 00 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05

y- CM CO rr in CO Is- CO 05

O

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO

15
Table

B-4b.

UPW*

discount

factors

adjusted

for

average

fuel

price

escalation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Discount

rate

=10

percent

(OMB

A-94

LCC

Approach)

Census

Region 4

(Montana,

Idaho,

Wyoming,

Colorado,

New

Mexico,

Arizona,

Utah,

Nevada,

Washington,

Oregon,

California,

Alaska,

Hawaii) z| 7— CM CO

m <0 I"- CO CT) 0 y— CM CO O’

m CO co CT)

O 7“

22 CO 0 in co 00 O)

O zoc

T— y— 7— T” T— T~ T“ T- y— T“ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO

r-£ z CM CO

O in co CM in CO 00 CT) in CD CT) CO

O 7—O COO CO CO CM O) 0 O) CM 5

in in o 1 CO

CT)r

v~ CO CO 0 p CO O) O’

p O’ CO CM CO

O CO CO CO CO

p Is* CO

p 7—pppp £Lwz < o t— CM CO s- in in CO cb 1^ CO cb CT) CD CD CT) d d d d d T— T— Tr- 7

7— 7— 7—

(3 7— 7T— 7— T— 7“ 'S’ O 0 'S’ CO h- co CM O’ CM co O 0 N- CM in N- co O’ O in CT) CM 0 io to in co <oo

CD

p in CM CO O; O) O; O) CO

p 0 O’ h- CD CM O; CO CO 0 CM

p 0; CO

p

ppq CM o CM CO CO 'S’ in in cb cb 1^ 00 cb CO cb CD CT) CT) CT) O) CT) CT) CT) d d d T_

CO CM D- CO 0 0 CO CT) O) CO 0 CD in co co CO CM CO h- h- O’ O) CO CM

O CO ^ 10 h- <s

CT)

p in COpp CM CD O; 0 in CT) O;

p CMp 0 p

p O)

p O;

pp y—'

p

O CO h- 00

d CM CO 'S’ 'S’ in in cb 1^ cb cb O) CT)

dd

d

d 7-1 7-1 7-1 7—

cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi z 7

T_ TT“ T_ T_

T“ 7— < Q CO CO CO CO 0 7— CT) co co co CT) in CO CO 0 CO CM CM O) O’ co in CM N- 0 E CO O) CT) CT) CO CO f"- co O’ p

7—

p

p CM CO O’ppp O’p 7— in CO 7—

O CO O) 7— P LU d 1— CM CO 'S’ in CD CO CT) d d T-^ cvi cvi cb O’ O’ O’ in in cb cb cb 1^ 1^ cb cb

13 cc T— T_ T_ T_ T_ T_ 7

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CM CO r- CO CO O’ CM

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m CM N- 7— 'S’ to 05 CO CO '3; CM p p CO p in 0 in 0 O’ O) CM CO CT) CM p p p CM 0 CO CO O) 7— CM p

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ddd T-^ 7

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7“ 7—

T~ T~ 7— TP—T~ 7— 7

T“ T~ T_ o o CM N- h- CT) CO CO 0 co co CD co CO CM CO CM O’ O’ CO O) O’ CO CM CM CM 0 CO 10 y

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CT)

p 'S; 7—_ CO co CT) O;

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p 'S; O) O; CO CMp 0 CO S CO y—_pp h- 00 0 CM CO 0 tnppp

p 0 o CM CO CO 'S- •O’ in in cb cb 1^ CO cb cb cb cb O) CT) CT) O) O) CT) CT) CT) O) d

CO CM in CO in CO CO CO CM

m in CM co O’ CO 0 CT) co 0 CM CM T— co

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O) P in CM O) 10 T-' r>. CM

p CM co 0 O;p y—_ in 00 0 p CO CO

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ppp

ppp 0 d r- CM CO CO 'S’ in in cb cb N cb cb cb O) CT) CT) d d d O 7-^ 7

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7“ 7

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UJ2

co

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CM COCO

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CT) N-O)

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7—

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T“ o o CM CO 0 CO O in co O’ O) 0 h- 7— O’ m CO 0 CO 0 CO 0 in in co O) 10 3

CT)

p 'S; 7— co COp O;

p CMp CT) CO CO co 7— COp L".pp CMp O;

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UJ o CM CO CO in in cb cb cb

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16
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17
Projected average fuel price indices and escalation rates for Federal use (Indices and escalation rates exclude general price inflation)

Tables Ca-1 through Ca-5 present projected average fuel price indices for the

4 Census regions and for the United States. These are multipliers which when

applied to 1991 prices provide estimates of the corresponding future-year

prices in 1991 dollars. Note that the resulting price estimates are in

constant dollars, exclusive of general price inflation. Constant dollar

prices are needed when discounting is performed with discount rates which do

not include general price inflation.

Example of How to Use the Indices:

To estimate the price of industrial steam coal in year 2005 in Connecticut,

go to table Ca-1, find the year 2005 index for industrial steam coal (1.13),

and multiply by the 1991 price for industrial steam coal in Connecticut. The

result is in 1991 dollars.

Tables Cb-1 through Cb-5 present the projected average fuel price escalation

rates (percentage change compounded annually) for seven selected periods from

1991 to 2021 for the 4 Census regions and for the United States. Note that

these are "real" rates exclusive of general price inflation. Their use results in prices expressed in constant dollars.

The escalation rates consolidate the information provided by the indices in

the Ca tables so that trends in projected price changes can be seen at a glance. They are provided primarily to accommodate those who use computer

programs which require escalation rates as inputs.

Unless there is a compelling reason to use escalation rates, it is

recommended that you use the indices in the Ca tables when you need estimates

of future-year energy prices, since the indices include year-to-year

information rather than averages over a number of years.

Example of How to Use the Escalation Rates:

To estimate the price of residential distillate in 1998 (p 90 ) in Wyoming using

the escalation rates, go to table Cb-4 and find the 1991-1995 and 1995-2000

escalation rates for residential distillate (3.26% and 3.46% per year,

respectively) . Enter these values and the actual 1991 price of residential

distillate in Wyoming (pgi ) into the following formula. Then solve for the

1998 energy price (stated in 1991 dollars):

Pg e = P91 x (! + e i)

k

i X (1 + e2 ) k2 ,

= pgi x (1 + 0.0326)* x (1 + 0.0346) 3

where e i = Annual compound escalation rate for period i from the Cb tables

(in decimal form); and

ki = Number of years over which escalation rate e i occurs.

18
For further explanation of how to use these tables, see NIST Handbook 135.

Note: The data in the tables which follow are reported by 4 Census regions.

Figure B-l presents a map showing the states corresponding to the 4 Census

regions. The Census regions do not include American Samoa, Canal Zone, Guam,

Puerto Rico, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or the Virgin Islands.

Analysts of Federal projects in these areas should use data which are "reasonable under the circumstances," and may refer to the tables with U.S.

average data for guidance

.

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Census

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1.00

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J3

CL

05 E c C

atural

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*—> s

to 1

053

>» LL

05 o r; £ = a 1

053

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T3

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05

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<0 iC0 CD

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•c

CL z CO c LU o GC z CO 1— 2 5

23

Indices

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.
Table

Ca-3.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

tied

to

the

value

of

the

dollar

in

1991

, by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel

Census

Region

3

(Delaware,

Maryland,

District

of

Columbia,

Virginia,

West

Virginia,

North

Carolina,

South

Carolina,

Georgia,

Florida,

Kentucky,

Tennessee,

Alabama,

Mississippi,

Arkansas,

Louisiana,

Oklahoma,

Texas)

i in

! o

i o

I CM

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i

Tfo

o

CVJ n in co co o rr i- co

co o co co o O (D r Tf r

T“ CVJ TTM T“

1- CO 00 CVJ CO

t- CO O 00 !“

T“ C\i T

CD

CO

I sI o

I CVJ

I

CO CVJ CVJ CVJ O ->3- T- CO

N- N- CVJ 00 CD o in t- co o

T"* T“ CM T“ T“*

cd (D cm co I— q in o tT” Cvi r" T" co

I CVJ

I o

I o

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in O) co n

O CO O CVJ CO CO if CO No in o co o

r-' CVJ ^

oo in in co o

o in cd co ro-CO

I oI o

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in co s vf O CO O CVJ in O) co O) co O CD CVJ o

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vr cvi in O CO O cvj

n o 'f n O CO O TCVJ CO CO CO O CVJ o ^

1 CD I • • •

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t— CVI •»— o O CVI O r

!- h* T- 00 O T- o o

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co o cd t- in O N CVI O

cvj in oo in O CO CO 1- o

r- cd in cvj co o cvi in t- o

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co co cvi o in O CO CO CO o

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CD

CVJ ^ !

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00

i in i

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r n O Vf O T- o o

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rrvf r o

o o o o o

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o o o o o

o o o o o o o o o o o

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o

! CD 1

2

2

o

I ©

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m

0

3

0 >. £ 0 " y 0

100

<

D

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g 2 2 CL « £ LJ O J Z

0

2

0

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o

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0 « o 8

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0 0 2

LU Q DC Z CO

>*

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0

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0

3

>» u- £ 0

o ~ £ M

LU Q

0

o

o

E

0

2

CO

0

c c 1

1

IC £

ei

24

Projected

world

oil

price

indices

(1991

=1.00)

Oil

Price

Assumption

1.00

1.02

1.12

1.20

1.27

1.36

1.46

1.57

1.66

1.73

1.80

1.86

1.93

1.99

2.04
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rvi rq CO

q ^ 9 o> I O I I eg i « | O ID CO i- eg eg orvi i CO q t- o q i o i i eg i 1 * > o yt CO y— O 00 1 <d q 00 q T— o 00

cc 1 1 1 o i eg i

T— T_

T” eg eg

.s i « i o co in CO y— <D in 1 00 1 T— co h- T— CD 00 s 1 t- | 1 o t T“ 1— T— TTM eg 0 £ « o eg ^1- CVJ T> Y—

O

N i- Nq

q T—

q 00 .c*—o 5o

‘cfT

T—o

egco o O T—

m

evi

00

u

0) E

y- Tq

q

q

q o o • C cvj CX3 eg

r— T_ T_ Y—

CO

0)f s DC0 3 I

gs -c co

cd BT3

in o O) co CD T— ,q’ in

sJ

k_ c is f- T- CO co CO 1— 05

q

D

O S ^ o q

qq cvj c **o £ O

eg 0f s C $ .5 cs ^ r» 0£

0-

_ 0 o

yj- o 00 eg c- CVJ

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Q.0 831

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T-o

eg

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o> 0

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•S S

tl 0 r55 g eg o rr o tjO eg >

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qq T“q co 0o

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w0 ll

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q

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o>

q Y— o q t"- yB;

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evi

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q

q

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Y“ Y— Y” cvj cvj evi Y^ Y“ 1 cvj

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T" T“ cvj cvj T" T_ 1cvj

co co LO 00 co o in i 00 q CVJ q CO in q in Yg;

Y-" Y~ Y~ cvj cvj Y- i T“ cvj

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evi cvj Y— ‘ l evi i eg in Yf CD Y— 00 00 CO o q Y~| Y~| q q Y— Y— YJ- CVJ !— T“ Y” Y“ cvj evi Y“ cvj

CO co 00 co CO co N- in CO q Y— Y-| q q o Y— Yf

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J=> CL 0 E c c

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W/

U 5 o

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25

Indices

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.
Table

Ca-4.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

tied

to

the

value

of

the

dollar

in

1991, by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel

Census

Region 4

(Montana,

Idaho,

Wyoming,

Colorado,

New

Mexico,

Arizona,

Utah,

Nevada,

Washington,

Oregon,

California,

Alaska,

Hawaii) oo

1/3 0o

"DC0o

•c

a.

a$3

LL r-' 0 II O) 11 0 t- I£D0a0

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y-m

q

CM

T“ c\i y— T" cvi

T~ T_

CO 03 CO CM CM 03 00 03 00 03

N CM T- CO § O q o in CM q o q co q

yq

CM

T" T” cvi f— CM

CM 00 CM 03 00 00 •«T in ^3-

N CO inN in

O

O

q o CM

qqq o q CM y— o mq

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T" cvi

n 03

NN o CO o CON o 03

Oo o q o q o in o q

q

qq

q

CM T_ T— T_ cvi T— T_ cvi T— o co m in CO N co CO o in N 00 03 oo o q o q o 03 q o T— o q o q

CM

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03 o CM o T— o co IN o o CO 00 CM o CM

03 • • • * • T T T_ T—1 v-1 n CM CO T— o CM o CM CO M- o N N 00

03

03 o CM o T—

O co CO o O CO CO o T~ T" T“ T_

CO CM 00 00 CM CO 00 03 CM CO CO CO CO CO TT 03

03i—

q y~l o o qq o o o CM in o y~l T“ T“

in

ON CO in CM 00 o 00 CM o 03

O) o o o o r* CO o o O o O y-m T— T— T” r“ T_ O o o CO o CO N CO T_. o CO o in T— 00

03

03 o T— o q o CM o o o T— CO o O

q

T“ T— V” T— T—

CO 03 CO o 03 00 CO CM o 03 00 00 CO T— in 03 03 o o o 03 o y— O o 03 o y— o O o o o T“ o d T—

CM 03 o 03 in y— o 03 in T~ o 03 03 o o o 03 o o o o 03 o o o o o oT— o T“ d r- T“ T— o T“ — o o o O o o o O o o o o o o o

03 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

03 • • • • • • • • • • • yr- T“ T~ T“ T” y— 0

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DC

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3P S § s0

26

Projected

world

oil

price

indices

(1991

=1.00)

Oil

Price

Assumption

1.00

1.02

1.12

1.20

1.27

1.36

1.46

1.57

1.66

1.73

1.80

1.86

1.93

1.99

2.04
Table

Ca-4,

continued.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

tied

to

the

value

of

the

dollar

in1

991, by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel

Census

Region 4

(Montana,

Idaho,

Wyoming,

Colorado,

New

Mexico,

Arizona,

Utah,

Nevada,

Washington,

Oregon,

California,

Alaska,

Hawaii) « in CO CO CO

m CO CO in CO M' CO 03 o 03 o

T— T— CO CO

q

y—

O y—_

q CO

q o CO CM

q CD

q CM© T“

T— y— T-' CM CO T-‘ y— T” cvi co CM T" cvi CM« in CM N in ^r CO CO y- co m CO h- 03 O CO CO N; i— o T- q q q q CO y— CO in CD

CMo T“ T-^ •r-' 1-' y^ CM co y— r- T“ CM CO CM T* - cvi CM« in co in in CM 03 y~~ 03 o CD in CO CO

03 1— CO CO

q

y—

qqqq

qq co r— co in

q o T~ TTM TTM“ T—

T—

CM co r— 1-’ r— CM co CM

y— cvi CM« in 03 CO rr in i

in o r- co h- •o- CO N- CD

CO T—

q COq r- o o q CM

q o q 1—

y— CO

q o T“" T“ y~ r— T“ CM co T“ •f-' cvi co CM yr

cvi CM« in CO in co in 03 y— CO CO CO t— CM CM y— CD co

T—

q CO Is; 'Tq o q

qqqq T— CO

q o

1“ T“ T“ l-‘ T“ co T” i

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y— - cvi CMCO in h- Tf 1“ in CO h- O’ CO 03 03 O 03 in o q CO q T— q q q q q 03 i

y—

q iq in

w T— CM T_ T—

y— CO CM cvi

1/3 0o

in in in CO o in co in in CM CO CO in CO h- in co i—o

CM

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CM

qq

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TT in n- CM 00 in **O co o co in 03 in in co 0o MO

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q

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in T“ 00 co co M' •c o o

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t—0

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CM

rl yj. yL CM yl yl CM CM yJ. $ CM "O a

y—0 0 O in CO 03 CO in CO N in CO 03 N o o o ^3" 0 T— i— CO CM CO y— CO y— q CO 03 03 CM q 0 CO 2 oCM T“ T- •r- Y“ r— T— CM r- T“ i

y— cvi T“ y^ y— '2cvi CL CL O in co CO y— in Tf o CO CO CD h- CO CO 03 o

CO CM CD y— CO N- y— CM CO co 03 y—

q

q

CM CM cm' cvi

03 in rf CO N- •rt CM 03 CO CO CO 00 N. r- in O CO CM iq CO q q o

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q

CM T“

T“ tT“ T"“ cvi T_ *- T_ cvi T_ cvi

CO co CO ^r CO 03 M- CM CM 03 in CM CD CD o O CD CM in y~-' N- in q q q q q y—_ q CM o

CM T—

T~ T“ T— T_ CM

T“ TT" 'r~ CM y—T“ .cvi

N CO CO

N CO rr CM i^~ o co CO f in tj- CD

O in CM O;

qqqqq CDq y—_ »-_

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CM T“ r— yr- CM

T" T“ T_ T_ cvi T“ T_T“ 1 cvi

CO CM in 00 CM CM o in

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CM T“

T“ CM CM yrT" 1 cvi co•43 0

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Gas c c o — E

h— 2s

C/3

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Electricity

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LPG

Commercial

Electricity

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Fu 3

Li. 03

X3

050

DC

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Coal

Industrial

Electricity

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Fu 3

LL03a

050

DC

Steam

Coal 18

81

|i <8

•c

CLs

27

Indices

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

of

up

to5

years.
I 8 I N O) S O q ^ t- Tf

O©

— = 9>

ro <£ > u. Q) O

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yjm oo yj- O CO O CM

co cm in i- O CO O CM

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co o t>'- oo yj o

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CO CM

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CM 05 M'

in •>- o

r- co o CM

i—

m co

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t- co in t

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28

Projected

world

oil

price

indices

(1991

=1.00)

Oil

Price

Assumption

1.00

1.02

1.12

1.20

1.27

1.36

1.46

1.57

1.66

1.73

1.80

1.86

1.93

1.99

2.04
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® c 5 2 .o a <2 © E

s?1 * ^ o C 4— •- o 8 8

Q. $ 3 "D

>-

C

a) 0

D> >s S a

O)

05 ccc

Q- -g S ^ r; co s> = 2 3 *. (5 •E ° o5 c o -o o £ 0 0

in1 0O0z

|2 sI

CO

a)o

'5cVo

•c

a.0 o' = o

ll ^ 0 li o>

CO T- 1 ? < -- o0o0

'o I « I CM I sI « I oI CM I OI CM I « I 05 I OI CM I 00 I o I CM I N- I O I CM I CO I O I CM

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CM

COo

CM

CM?

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CM

05ooCM

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CMNOoCM

COOO

CM03

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05 00 s- 00 O N t S

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05 ST 05 O N n

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05 CM 00 CM O N O N

05 *- S T- o s w s

05

O CO o O h* CO N

05 05 in oo o co co co

05

N 'f ID

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05 in co O CD CO CO

05 St CM 00 O CO CO CO

05 CM

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05

O CO s o co cm in

oo

n in co o in cm in

00 'f CM

N o in cm -aN- >- O CM o in cm Tf 0Gc0D•05 0

a: 03

>>

u- £ 0

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g Sig in a j

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r- 05 N. 05 CO o in co o cm

r- 05

N O) CO

O CO CM 00

O r- 05 fs» CO CO

s"“ T“ C\i T-* T” O CM O N 00

s- 05 N- 00 CM o o co in co

T- 05 CO 00 CM

T- CM T- T— o O) n ^ r; 00 CO 00 CM O 00 T- CM CM

T- 00 CO 00 CM

05 inNOs- o oo in oo cm

T- r- CM T- T-‘

05 CO CO 00 05 ocoinsir- r— CM t05 1- OO CO s o a) t s r

T- T- CM T— 1—

oi o in

v in o co M; fs- tO) N O CM M" o s M; fs r05 m in s to o fs to q t05 T- T- CM CM O N TO CD rCOCDlDlOi- ococMintT- CM 1— r00 st o o o o cq cm in t- 0 0 — 3 3OT"= ® v ll 11 0 5 g £ 0 7= O 8 0 o *5 § = u E £ M % g E 1 © .2 0 0 2 O in o a: 2 w c

incorrioi- r-OCOMMs— CM CM CM rin in i- to o)

T-; C5 00 st TO

s— C\i CM CM t- m TO S O N r; O N M- TO

s— CM CM CM i—

in r— m- co in 1-^ O N TO TO

t- CM CM CM tin o) t in to

T- 05 N- cq TO

T" T- C\i C\i 1“ M-COOTOit- 05 cq cq cq

T- cvi cm t—

M- CD TO 1- 05

t- 05 cq oq cm

s— t— CM CM s—

M- MN S T-; 05 cq CM CM

T- t— C\i cvi t—

M' CM

N

M1 TO

T- 05 in CM CM

T- T— CM C\i 1— f 05 CO t- TO

t- oq in cm cm r (\i (\i r- f S 05 00 OJ

r- cq ^ T- cm

s— 1— CM C\i rM- TO M- M- O T- 00 sr; r- CM

T— T— CM CM TTt CM 05 N 0 r- 00 cq p r; I-• T- c\i C\i TTO 00 TO 05 i-NTOOJtT- CM T- Tcm st 05 05 co r S N » r

s— o co o in

T- |s..CM 00 1-

T-‘ CM T-’ T-’ 0 0 3 3 0-= t $ S —o 2 « r o o

CO

05

in

00

in

00

in

com

COm

inm

CO

in

CM

in

ino

in

*r~

w 5 « = £ •£ J -o 2 E

!2 o p 2 ® g 2 .2 0 0 2 cuiQcrzto 0 c c II

II0 O I ~

s- |

00 I st

|S- I st

CO

st

stst

CM

S3- ' ®

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stCO

CM

CO

CM

00

in

CM

CO

in

CM

CO

in

CMoin

CM

00

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St

StCM o o

T“ * 1 II w

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05

CM

CM

in

CM

CMoCM

cvi

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r—

cvi o

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CL

29

Indices

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

of

up

to5

years.
Table

Cb-1

.

Projected

average

fuel

price

escalation

rates

exclusive

of

general

price

inflation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel

(percentage

change

compounded

annually)

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s- CO O T- o CO in to o CO p (O M; o h- Oi 00 in

(M n CM 1 o 2 o i CM CM 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o 4— o

in o T- Q C\J o 2 o

CM CM

CM

in

CM

in o

o 2 o CM CM

o in o o o o 2 o

CM CM

o o

in o

cd 0 o

O) 2 oCM

•<3

- o in o 00 CD Is- r- 00 CO 00 co Is- CD O in I-- o I

s- o Is- "3; o 00 o CD rr in o o o o o o o 4“ o o r- o T” o

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o o Is- o

o t-* o

in CM O) O N O r- U) r- tt

oo o oo in n

o cm in to O T- 1— 1~ 1“

COd

oo

in

00 r- CO y— CD 00 CO O T— co co ^3- CM CO 1 CM

T- q q CO *— cq CM CD 00 TO q CM TO T“ T— 1 CO o T” CM o T~ CM CM o d CM CM CO T-" T—: 1

1 CM

CO o TO in CM CO 00 O *3

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s- TO q 1 M; d CM T“ CM o CM TO TO o l-1 CM TO 00 T“ 1

1 CO

CM 00 CM ^3- Is- CM co in TO r- o 4— •«3- 00 I

s- 1 CD

in T- CD q q Is- TO q co q T- TO CM 00 l TO d 00 O CM o od cd TO o T_ •3

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in a o>

I u/ 4—

TO CO in CO CD o TO 00 TO in CO in

TO CD o CD TO q o T— CM CO CD o CD TO <3- O cm' o o o cd cd T— O o cd cd i— o CM o

CD

§

U-c

COo

p

(0

s £

m r 2 n —

a)

w

CO 0

E

3

P

O

Cl- CO "O 0

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CO IP CO P S o E 3 2

55 ® S cr re ij yj Q z

p p

3 3« —

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P '£ ! -p 5 E r O P '(J 2 ®

(3 UJ Q DC Z CO

§ § «o sis to e = 21

2 '35

_ O

2 E

2 « g © .2 p co 2

c UJ O DC Z CO

30

Escalation

rates

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate

a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.
« 1 O T- | O CD

CM

Q CM 1 © 2 © i o o

CM CM 1 No

lO ^ ^ (O

N

cd cd o o t-^ o t-' ,*j- >«} O N O 00 rr o d ^ d

co

in

IT) 05

in « | in 05 o in CO 00 CD h*

N 't 05 in h- 05 i 00

O 1 O Is- CD CO o 00 T— 00

O oo T—

p in i o o

CM

a CM 1 3 o i CM 1 o o d

dd o T_d

d o o o ii T—

(0

— *-1 s o in 111 ino

00o00

05 o 2 o 1 d i— o CM CM 11

in cn ^ ^ s o r- s w ^ O T~ 1— *” 1—

00 T- S N o w s n ^

T“ T“ T“ T”

Tj- CO

00

in

ino o 1 00 T- N- in y— CM 05 o o CD rj- in %*Bsr T" CM P CO o m o CO h» M; O in p oCM 2 oCM 111 o CM cd d CM cm' cd o o CM CM cd o

CD CMCO

c\i 3 “ C

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0) 2 w O) o> s 2 S

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ffl oi Si

u « o 95 | III I o w g © 0 3 C o

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to o

05 o O 05 2 O 1- CM

00 CM CO in 05 r- o CO T- CO 00 r- CD l 05 o in CM CM o o tj- p CD T— T- Tf p p T~ l P d cd T_ cd o cd o o o cd ji CD

CMAo©

X)

<0

r- in 05 0 05

05 2 05

in CM 00 CO in CO CO 00 05 CO CD in in 1 O o CO o T-" p 05 p CM o p in p i- d cd d yr- d cd T— d d T— d CM <£>

d)3

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CO

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cr cd Z

05 CD

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cd ii lx. cd

TM I

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CD CD 3 3 W

—

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•c 2 cd 3 cd c

t; fc = T3 >- t ! i i ? i s c LU Q DC Z CO

CD c c i I

Is

II coaCLE<8

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o.5

31

Escalation

rates

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.
O T- | CM CM o is o CM CM

^ n r N

0(0 10(0 dodo

lO CM O h- O h- ’fr do d t-'

(D (D O) ro s O N O) O Tf

d> d> d> c>

(O

lO

05

i in o

I i- n CM

i o 2 o I CM CM

O’ T- N (O in ^r CO h- to in CO CVJ o

o t"- in o 00 00 o 00 T" T- (O o o o o o o T— o T— o o 1-’

T-' d

COo

O o in i in 00 in o O N- N- co CO tT h- in i 00

i o O 00 o o CM N- CM TT O CM co CO 00 i in o 2 o CM CM

i

i o T_ o T~ d T- T_ d 1“ T— d i

l

T“

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§> §> 8

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in o 1 CO 05 CO CO ^r CD 05 o 00 05 h. O 1 CM CO p 05 00 CO o 't t- o o co •M; p 1 CO o 2 o

CM CM

1

1

1 o T“ T— CM o CM CM 00 T_ o CM CM cT 1

1

1 CM

o in o 0 o 2 o

CM CM

CM CO T- CO r- i-'- CM CO (O CM in co CO oo i CO p 00 o p CD p p p o 05 p p r— p p l O CM CM CM o CM co CO T“ o CM CO in T-1

l

i 00

2L

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05 2 oCM

1

1

I o 00 o CM d 'cr co o o M" CD CO T“ CO

o>CO

(O

<i- in O) o o o> 2 o>

N- T- CO r-~ o T- 00 o co 05 o 05 o 1 o

CO O o o 0; O CM p p in r- CO in p T- O CO o T-’ d 1^ T

d o Tf CO CM d CM cb

. i

i s

T3C

(0o

0

CO

0

3

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•J= c o

0 *c a

‘U> 0

DC

<n0

CDE30

2*-> 0

a. = 0

• w b. :

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C/5 0

T3 0

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z

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0 0

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® °

•c -c 0 2 5? p

!5 o p '05 2 0

o ® .2 002 c UJ Q DC Z CO

0

c c

•S I

P

0 20

&S

II

32

Escalation

rates

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate

a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.
« 1 in C£> CM 00 in in CO in h» f- co o> in h- CO 1 0 1- 1 q cn in q 0 r>- q q q q CD *3; in CM n CM 1 O 2 O 1 CM CM 1 d d d d d d d T— d d d d 1 - 5

.8 eg § *

CD

W©2co©

ca

p -S I ^ p 8 1 © c o •- £ ©

Cl _o © Q.

U)

©

©w 50 © 05 © o

"O

m

*-< © .—> o © © 3

'o'O

Jr

X

CL

©

©3CC©

©

"0

.a i 1 1 ? 8 © 0

w. O) O C

V,©

p CQ O O

o> c: •5 o 6 8> I 6s§i

95

9531 Oc©

iS §§

•2 -cf CD a P 3 Ct 0

«o «j IIP C O ^ « 1 in CD co in in y— in N- in in CO 05 1 CD

in1 0 1 q r-'- in Nq CD CM CD

q CD CM

q

m 1 q - n CM 1 0 2 0 1 CM CM 1 d d d d d d d T_ d d d 1— d 111

in (D CM O) o o 00 o o o 1-mn co cm s o q q q

C) T” T“

CO CO Tf 05 f'- O CM (O CO ^ O ^

^3" 00o

00m 11

in 0 O Q " 1 M" CD in h» CO co CO in in co 05 1^ T— 05 CO CM 1| CD N; q eo q 0 in CM co 05 0 CO in CD r— CO• 0 2 0 CM CM 111 d T

T_ CM

d CM CM codd CM CM* cod

T“ CM 0 in 0 0

05 CO CO CD y—

O CO h- CM in CD CD co co l co

qq

O 05 CD 05 COq co

qqq

qq ^3; 0 2 0

CM CM

d CM CM CMO CM co COd CM co co 1 CO

in 0

O)

n 0

CO r- 05 CO 0 in co ^3- CO CO Tf h- co 1 05 05 M- q 05 05 CM t". in CD q q q q T- CO

05 2 0 - d CO

d CM

d •O'

N co

d ^3" CD

T“ CO 111 d 2o©n©

h> co CO co h- 0 in CM CO r>- h- 00 co 0 co

O

CO CM 0 q co T— 05

q CO in rq

qq Td CO d 1— d 1^ T— d d TT 06 1— d CM cb i

CD3

Li- T3 C

co 2I

CD3

•3 CD 0 « E = 8

‘€

<0

CO 0E3

raoL—

*-> CD Q.T3

CD IC

CD3

CO

CO 0

rt £ ® .22 o- CO ^ UJ Q J Z

ra E

CD CD CO

ra 0

CD ra

CO

ra 0 c0 d

CC '0

pQ 3

Li. CD 4—< 3

Lira

ra00 ra •3 3

Li-ra 4—' 3

Lira

raQO ?

ra 0 <

ra <DE E

ra 3-0 ra

k_ E

•c E

cd 30 c3 E § U-ry 0

•c E 8 I 05

CD 3

ra

raCD 4—»

C/5 3 8

05ra 3

ra

ra

ra

4-^ cra 20

Q.

w0 HI

b IX z co c LUb

X z 0 5 cco

X3CL

33

Escalation

rates

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.
Table

Cb-5.

Projected

average

fuel

price

escalation

rates

exclusive

of

general

price

inflation

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel

(percentage

change

compounded

annually)

United

States

A

verage

l

i oCMOCM

« I 2 gCM

^ ^ r-~ O CD in CD dodo

n O O) rf N O N C) N Tf o o o o r

CD in O CM CD q s o o) o; o d t-' d ^

co i in

in cn o | o

i

« 1 TT CM 0 CD Tr CO CO CO CO in Tt 00 0 in 0 1 O h~ CD N- q r- T— CO q CO q O; CD

»“ 0 CM 1 0 2 0 1 CM CM 1 d d d d d d d d d T_ d

0 in 1 CM CD CO in in CO o> CM CM CO

1 0 0 00 0 0 T— CD T- O CM CD in 00 0 2 0 CM CM

1

1

1 d — d d T" T— d T“ d

in 0

O « T1 CO 0 CD r-- CD 00 0 cn CO in CD ! w

1 CO N; 1— q CO o> CO y— 00 in 0 CO q q T- CO 0 2 0 CM CM

1

1

1 d CM CM d CM 00 d d CM CM T~ T“

0

0

in 0 0

1

11

CD

CD CO

CO

CM CDCD

in

h» h- CD

o- inCO

0500

t- CM

i- q in 05q

CMCMCDq

l

l|

CO

q- 0CM 2 0CM

1

1

1 d CM CM CM d CM co CO d CM CO 'fr T_ 1

l

l co

in 0 05 0

1 O CD CO 05 *3

- 1— CO CD 1^. 00 y— CD CD 05 05 1 05

1 in CM q 05 in <n 00 O; CD CM 05 CM 05 r-' CO 05 2 0 t- CM

1

1

1 d 06 T_ CM d CO CD 06 d d CD in d CO 1

1

1 CD

in 05 —. 05 1 CD CD in CD CD N- 05 1^ N- in T— 05 00 r^- 1 O O 0 •q t— N. q CM CM CM T-^ 00 O o- -

05 2 05 ! d CO d T~ d CO CD T“" d d Tj- CD CM d CM CD

I

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

©

3

LLT3C

CO 2

o

©

CO

<n

co CDE

3

©

CO V

c©O

'85 _

a: w

©

3

IL©

o t; c ©—

o \p © V)

©

0.O©

if: ©

3

a

© ©

CO — 3 3 CO —

CO Cfl li ll CO g O P £* « = O

°

•5 So- ^5 2 « - U

I S fi E£l^E

©

E

© '<= "55 2 5

© .2 © © 2

o LU Q £E 2 CO

§ § » 3 § a 1 5 <> ill! s E

§ © .52 © © 2 cUJQCEZCO

©

c c I!

C *- S|

34

Escalation

rates

are

reported

for

years

201

7-2021

to

accommodate

a

planning/construction

period

ofup

to5

years.
Factors for updating appliance label values in compliance with the Energy

Conservation Mandatory Performance Standards for New Federal Residential

Buildings (10 CFR 435)

Compliance with energy conservation performance standards for new Federal

residential buildings requires calculation of a building's energy costs,

including appliance costs. For this purpose, label values for gas and

electric water heaters are given in the Federal micro-computer program,

COSTSAFR, as $176 and $406 per year, respectively, in 1987 dollars, and for

refrigerator/freezers, as $61 per year in 1987 dollars. To adjust 1987 prices

to 1991 prices, multiply these 1987 label values by the factors below.

Table D. Factors for updating Appliance Label Values

Fuel Factor

Gas 1.16

Electricity 1.11

35
PART II: TABLES FOR PRIVATE SECTOR LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

Projected average fuel price indices for private sector use (Indices are given inclusive of four alternative rates of general price

inflation)

This section presents in tables S-l through S-5 projected average fuel price

indices for 4 fuels in the residential sector and 5 fuels in the commercial

sector for each of the years from 1991 through 2021. They update tables

originally published in the report, Comprehensive Guide for Least-Cost Energy

Decisions (NBS SP 709).

As a convenience for the user, the indices include the effect of 4

alternative, hypothetical rates of general price inflation: 0, 2.5, 5, and

7.5 percent. Selection of these rates is intended in no way to suggest what

actual rates might be. Use of the indices produce price estimates which are

in current dollars, inclusive of general price inflation. Current dollar

prices are needed when discounting is performed with discount rates which

include general price inflation. For the case of 0 percent inflation, the

price indices in the S series of tables are identical to those in the

counterpart Ca table series. When there is no inflation, there is no difference between constant and current dollars.

The indices based on inflation rates of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 percent allow the

analyst to perform evaluations based on the assumption of a positive rate of

general price inflation that changes the purchasing power of the dollar.

Performing evaluations in current dollars is sometimes preferred for private

investment decisions, primarily because it facilitates the treatment of

taxes

.

The indices in tables S-l through S-5 are derived from the indices reported in

tables Ca-1 through Ca-5 by means of the following equation:

I

s = Ic x (1 + g)

N

,

where I s = index found in tables S-l through S-5;

I c = index found in tables Ca-1 through Ca-5;

g = annual rate of general price inflation in decimal form; and

N = number of periods, in this case equal to the year of the index

minus 1991.

Example of How to Use the Indices:

Suppose you wish to estimate the present value of energy savings in year 2000,

and you expect an annual inflation rate of 5 percent per year. Taking natural

gas for residential use in Maryland, estimate present value savings as follows: (1) multiply the 1991 price for residential natural gas in Maryland

by the projected quantity of energy savings in the year 2000, to estimate

savings in the year 2000 in 1991 prices, (2) go to table S-3, find the year

2000 index for residential natural gas at a 5 percent inflation rate (1.87),

36
and multiply the index by the result from (1) to determine savings in the year

2000 in 2000 prices, and (3) discount the savings back to the present, using

an SPW factor based on a discount rate that reflects a 5 percent inflation

rate. To obtain present value savings over the entire study period, this

calculation must be repeated for each year that there are savings, and the

results summed. (UPW* factors are not given for private sector use because of

the large number of tables required to cover potential discount rates that

might be used by the analyst. Of course the private sector analyst may use

the UPW* factors provided in Part I provided (1) the analysis is performed in

constant dollars and (2) the desired discount rate is either 4.7% or 10%.

)

For further explanation of the use of these indices, see NBS Special

Publication 709, appendix B, Part I.

Note: The data in the tables which follow are reported by 4 Census regions.

Figure B-l presents a map showing the states corresponding to the 4 Census

regions. The Census regions do not include American Samoa, Canal Zone, Guam,

Puerto Rico, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or the Virgin Islands.

Analysts of Federal projects in these areas should use data which are "reasonable under the circumstances," and may refer to the tables with U.S.

average data for guidance.

37
Table

S-1.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

with

assumed

general

price

inflation

rates

of

0,

2.5,

5,

and

7.5

percent,

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Census

Region 1

(Maine,

New

Hampshire,

Vermont,

Massachusetts,

.cscs§c

c:

<§? I3*

•iS*§Co

fi

.8oo

05ca

in o CO t-- 05 CO 1"- in in h- o in in 00 T—

m 05 05 y- CO 05

m CM 05 o 05 05 o o o CM CO in CO 00 o CM in r- o CO h- o o- 05 in o in h- ,d‘ T— 00 r- in in in

1- Y— T- T- T“ -r- T- CM cvi CM CM co CO CO ,<r TT Vf in CO co 00 05 05 o T- CM co *dCO<

y—

5% o in CO CO CO

m o co 00 CM o Oi in 00 in h~ CM co CM o o 05 o 05

N co 0 o o T— CNJ CO in N- 00 O) V- co o- CO 00 o co CO 00 v— co co 05 CM 00 00 CM _i<

y—

T“ T” T— T—

T“ CM CM CM CM CM CO co CO CO "d"

d- in in in co CO CO n!

CE3

|/) o CO CO o in y- CO CM o 00 in co CM CM o 00 05 CM in 'd- CO CM CM T— o o o T- CM

H o o o CVI CNJ CO Tj- in CO r-- 00 05 05 o CM CO in CO h- 00 05 o CM CO 'cr in <Z

cvi y—

T" T“ T—T“ T— T— T— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO co CO CO CO co o o y— CNJ K 00 in 00 Tl* 00 CM in h- co O CO in CO 00 O “ CM co CO h» 00

O'O o o o O o o o CM CM CM CO co CO •0- 'd- in in in in

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38

Indices

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

of

up

to5

years.
Table

S-1,

continued.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

with

assumed

general

price

inflation

rates

of

0,

2.5,

5,

and

7.5

percent,

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Census

Region 1

(Maine,

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Hampshire,

Vermont,

Massachusetts,

Connecticut,

Rhode

Island,

New

York,

New

Jersey,

Pennsylvania) 8 8

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40
Table

S-2,

continued.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

with

assumed

general

price

inflation

rates

of

0,

2.5,

5,

and

7.5

percent,

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Census

Region 2

(Ohio,

Indiana,

Illinois,

Michigan,

Wisconsin,

Minnesota,

Iowa,

Missouri,

North

Dakota,

South

Dakota,

Nebraska,

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41
Table

S-3.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

with

assumed

general

price

inflation

rates

of

0,

2.5,

5,

and

7.5

percent,

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Census

Region 3

(Delaware,

Maryland,

District

of

Columbia,

Virginia,

West

Virginia,

North

Carolina,

South

Carolina,

Georgia,

Florida,

Kentucky,

Tennessee,

Alabama,

Mississippi,

Arkansas,

Louisiana,

Oklahoma,

Texas)

C/5 <0

_l23<

CO<023

LUo

oc

CLO

_l UJ < Li. _ LUO

ccHO

LU

_l

LU £

in o CD 05 in CD CD Y“ CO CM Yt CO Yt o CO

O in o CD CO o CD in o o T“ CD o o q CO q q CD o CO q q 1— Yt CD CM q CM q q q Yt y— CD CO CO q CM CM q Yt k k i—’ T” k T— T“ k cvi cvi cvi cvi CO CO CO k k in in CO CO k CO CD CD o T— cvi cb k in T~ T_ T_ Y- i—

5% o CO CM <d

K CD CO h- CM CD N. CO in o CD in r^- in Yt CO

q o co CO CO in 9 q CM q q q q o CO m Is** O) CM 0; h* o q q CO Yd; q Yd; q CM CO

Y- T- 1- T- 'l—

k cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi CO CO co

kkkk in in in CO cb cbkk

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l/) o o q T—

qq CO Yt

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cvi y“ y~

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>g o CO Yt 00 o CO

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y—m CM CO

qqq o q Yt CO CD CM Yt CD Y—

qq ^d;q *d;q in

Y

co in co o

T—k T— T— T^kkk cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cb cb cb

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5% o in o lO CM O) co in Yt co in o yt o in CO CM co CM CM co in CD CO 00 in CO CO o o y—' CM CM q Yd; q q q q o q 0; q q o q ^d; co q o q q K o q q CD k k T-^ T— T— y— k T— Y— Y— Y

k cvi cvi CM cm" cvi cvi cb cb cb cb cb k k k k in in in in

•g o CO in

N T— O’ 00 CM y— N- CO o CO O’ y= CD CO in O’ 00 in co y- oo in CO y- o CD

O' o o o O T“ T-| CM CM CO CO O’ in in CO

NK 00 <D o T— T- CM co O’ O’ in co N- oo 00

CM

T“ y— y— T— y— y— y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM cvi CM CM cvi CM o o O O O 1— y— CO O’ in h- CD CM CO co CO o CM in 00 CD O CM CO O’ O’ in CO h- 00 O'O o o o o o O o o o o o O y- y— y- y— CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO co CO

T— 1— T— T" *1— T— y— 1— r— y— r- r— i— T" T— T“ 1— f— T“ T- T- 1— r- T— T- T— 1—

q o 00 CM CO

O 00 00 y— co T- 00 CD o 00 CO CD rd- in CO y— in in y— o in CD CD CD CO o q q q q q q o CO in 00 o q q q q q q q q in Y

q q q Y— Y

q M; k k Y

k Y“ Yk cvi cvi cvi cvi cb cb cb k k k in in cb cb k CO 00 CD o k cvi cb k in

N T_ Y—

T“ T_

Y- Y5% o CO CO 1^ CD CO CM in CM 00 in CO CO in 00 co h- co 00 CO in co h- o co co CM co o o Y- q q O; q q q o q co in N CD Y

q q 00 o q q q Y— 0; q Y— 00 CM CO k Y— k k k k k k k cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cb cb cb cb k k k k in in in cb cb cb k k o co T— 00 •Yf CM T— CD 00 in CM y— CD CD oo co 00 CO 00 h- CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 CD O O' o o y— T“ CM CO ^d- in co 00 05 CD O "1— CM CO Yd- in CO 1"- 00 CD o T- CM CO Yd- in rcvi Y— Y~ T“ Y~ Y“ Y“ Y“ Y“ Y“ y— Y“ Y“ Y“ T— cvi CM CM cvi CM cvi CM CM cvi CM cb co cb cb cb co co o co CD CO N- CM CO o CM CO CD CM in 00 Yt co CD y CO Yd- co oo CD y— CM CO Yd- co N O'o o o o O y— y— CM CM CO CO CO CO Yd- Yd- Yd- in in in in co CO co CD CO CO r- 1^ h- r- T— T- T“ y-=- y— Y“ y— r- y— y— y- T- y— T- T- y— y— <1— 1— 1— T— 1— y— T- r— y— T- r—

7.5% o CD CD CO CO in CO CD CO

O CO Yd- CO co CD in CM in o 00 CD CM CD o Yd- CM in co o o T— q q Yd; q q q o Y— CO in h* CD Y

o q q o co K CM co CM r- CO q q

Y“ Y" 1— Y" Y“ Y“

Y- Y~ Y“ cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cb cb cb

kk

k in in in cb cb

kk 00 00 cb

5% o CO co CD CD CO CM CM o o Y

CM CO Yf N- o in

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Y

h» Yd- CM o o CM in o o T- T- q q q -0; q q q q q o Y— CM co in co q q q q q q CD Y-| q q q Y

k T-* k k k k k k YYk k cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cvi cm’ cb cb cb cb cb cb k k k k o Yd- CO CD CM in 00 in o Yd- 00 CO 00 CM CO y— CO CM in CD Yt CD CO 00 CO CD CD in t— O' o o o O y— y— CM CM CO co co YT in in CO CO 1^- h- h» 00 00 CD CD o o y~m y~m q q

cvi T” T“ T— Y- Y“ Y~ Y“ Y“ Y” Y” Y“ Y“ Y" Y- Y“ Y“ Y- Y“ T—

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T- f— T— 1— T-

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O CM CO Yd- in CO «h. «00 «05 «o « <> O) CD CD 05 CD CD CD 05 05 O o O O o o o O O O Y— Y— Y“ Y— Y— Y— CM CM m O) CD CD 05 CD CD CD 05 05 O o o O o o o O O O o o O o o o o o o o O O > TTM Y— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CNJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

42

Indices

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

of

up

to5

years.
Table

S-3,

continued.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

with

assumed

general

price

inflation

rates

of

0,

2.5,

5,

and

7.5

percent,

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Census

Region 3

(Delaware,

Maryland,

District

of

Columbia,

Virginia,

West

Virginia,

North

Carolina,

South

Carolina,

Georgia,

Florida,

Kentucky,

Tennessee,

Alabama,

Mississippi,

Arkansas,

Louisiana,

Oklahoma,

Texas) #

in

fv

001 801 1.16 1.25 1.35 1.47 1.58

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A3
Table

S-4.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

with

assumed

general

price

inflation

rates

of

0,

2.5,

5,

and

7.5

percent,

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

Census

Region 4

(Montana,

Idaho,

Wyoming,

Colorado,

New

Mexico,

Arizona,

Utah,

Nevada,

Washington,

Oregon,

California,

Alaska,

Hawaii)

co<

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44
Table

S-4,

continued.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

with

assumed

general

price

inflation

rates

of

0,

2.5,

5,

and

7.5

percent,

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

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Region 4

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46

2020*

1.09

2.23

4.49

8.88

1.76

3.61

7.26

14.37

1.40

2.87

5.77

11.43

1.76

3.61

7.26

14.36

2021*

1.09

2.29

4.71

9.55

1.78

3.72

7.67

15.55

1.41.

2.96

6.10

12.35

1.78

3.72

7.67

15.54

‘Indices

are

reported

for

years

2017-2021

to

accommodate a

planning/construction

period

of

up

to5

years.
Table

S-5,

continued.

Projected

average

fuel

price

indices

with

assumed

general

price

inflation

rates

of

0,

2.5,

5,

and

7.5

percent,

by

end-use

sector

and

major

fuel.

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05 o o o o o 8 o o o o T“ T” T“ T— r— r— 1^“ T“ T— T— CM CM ““ 1 CT) 05 05 o 05 05 o o o o o Q o o o o o O o o o s o o o O O * T“ r- T- T- v- r- T- r- CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

47

NBS-114A (REV. 2-80

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

NISTIR-85-3273-5

2. Performing Organ. Report No 3. Publication Date

October 1990

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Energy Prices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 1991: Annual

Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709.

5. AUTHOR(S)

Barbara C. Lippiatt and Rosalie T. Ruegg

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS. see instructions)

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

(formerly NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

Annual

9.

SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State. ZIP)

U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program

Office of the Assistant Secretary Washington, DC 20585

for Conservation and Renewable Energy

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

This report is comprised of energy price and discount factor tables which are annual

updates of tables referenced in NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709.

Only minor changes have been made to this previously WERB-approved material.

| | Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

This is the 1991 annual edition of energy prices and discount factors for performing

life-cycle cost analyses of energy conservation and renewable energy projects. It

supports the Federal life-cycle costing methodology by updating the energy price

projections and discount factors that are described, explained, and illustrated

in NIST Handbook 135 (HB 135) . It supports private-sector life-cycle cost analysis

by updating the energy price indices that are described, explained, and illustrated

in NBS Special Publication 709 (SP 709). It also supports the Energy Conservation

Mandatory Performance Standards for New Federal Residential Buildings (10 CFR 435)

by providing a table of factors for updating appliance label values.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s) average fuel prices; energy conservation; energy price forecasts; Federal Energy

Management Program; life-cycle cost analysis; single present worth discount factors;

uniform present worth discount factors

13. AVAILABILITY

[XJ Unlimited

| | For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

[ 1 Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

[*X~1 Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

62

15. Price

A04

USCOMM-OC 004S-PHO