NATIONAL BUREAU OF

Tfe-report*--has been prepared.

for information and record

purposes and is not to be referenced

In any publication.

STANDARDS REPORT

8118

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V. Ryan and E. C. Tuma

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Luther H. Hodges, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of meansand methods for making measure - ments consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; invention

and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications, including assistance to industry, business and con- sumers in the development and acceptance of commercial standards and simplified trade practice

recommendations. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instru- mentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates

to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau’s unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listingof divisionsand sections on the inside

of the back cover.

Publications

The results of the Bureau’s research are published either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes

three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections, presents complete scientific and technical papers; theTechnical

News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Central Radio

Propagation Laboratory Ionospheric Predictions provides data for determining the best frequencies

to use for radio communications throughout the world. There are also seven series of nonperiodical publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series, Handbooks, Miscellaneous Publications, Technical Notes, Commercial Standards, and Simplified Practice Recommendations.

A complete listing of the Bureau’s publications can be found in National Bureau of Standards

Circular 460, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards, 1901 to June 1947 ($1.25), and the Supplement to National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, July 1947 to June 1957 ($1.50), and Miscellaneous Publication 240, July 1957 to June 1960 (includes Titles of Papers Published in Outside Journals 1950 to 1959) ($2.25); available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

1002-12-10472 November 1, 1963 8ll8

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES

of

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V. Ryan and E. C. Tuma

Fire Research Section

Building Research Division

Sponsored by:

U. S. Department of the Navy

Bureau of Yards and Docks

Reference: Task Y-FOl7-l5“102

NATIONAL BUREAU OF ST

for use within the Government, and review. For this reason, th whole or in part, is not authoi Bureau of Standards, Washingt

the Report has been specifically

NBS File No. 10.02/10472

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST) on October 9, 201 5.

ss accounting documents intended

subjected to additional evaluation

i listing of this Report, either in

e Office of the Director, National the Government agency for which

:opies for its own use.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J . V . Ryan and E . C . Tuma

1.

Introduction

Tiie purpose of this project is the development of criteria

for the fabrication of jet exhaust resistant concretes. Concretes under development are evaluated by exposure to hot gases

from a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber delivers

these gases at velocities and temperatures approaching field

conditions

2.

Present Plan of the Investigation

In an attempt to gain more understanding of the mechanism

of spalling and of the factors that determine whether or not

a given concrete spalls under jet impingement, specimen sizes

were chosen to provide different degrees of restraint to thermal

stresses and to the escape of steam from within the concrete.

The instrumentation was designed to provide data on pressures

and temperatures, including temperature gradients in the 1/2 in.

nearest the exposed surface. In addition, electrical resistnace

elements were embedded in some specimens to provide an indication

of their drying. It was decided to keep some specimens in the

fog room throughout their conditioning, to condition others in air

at 73 °F and 50% relative humidity, and to attempt to dry others

thoroughly.

3

.

Activities

The specimens of blast furnace slag aggregate concrete were

conditioned throughout the quarter, and observations were made

of changes that occurred in the specimens.

A set of specimens in the same sizes, shapes, instrumentation

and approximate numbers as those of Di-2 and BF-2, were prepared

from a concrete made with Volcanite, a lightweight aggregate from

Hawaii

The study of the feasibility of accelerated drying by conditioning in atmospheres at reduced pressures was continued.
2 3.1

Blast-Furnace Aggregate Specimens

The blast-furnace slag aggregate concrete specimens

were conditioned throughout the quarter. Although the

data taken on electrical resistance had indicated that

the rate of moisture loss has dropped appreciably, chere

lias been a continued change in resistanc

3.2

Volcanite

A shipment was received consisting of several bags

of a lightweight aggregate called Volcanite plus several

precast, elements made of concrete containing this aggregate.

The elements were of various shapes and sizes, most of

which were not suitable for jet impingement tests. Three

blocks, without reinforcement, were placed in 73 F 50% rh

for eventual jet impingement test.

The aggregate was used in a batch of concrete, V-l,

from which were cast specimens similar to those of Bi -2

and BF-2, described in earlier reports, both as to sizes

and instrumentation. A total of 52 specimens were cast

and are being conditioned.

3.3

Vacuum Drying

The diabase aggregate concrete specimens (Di-3 ) kept

at pressures near or below the vapor pressure of water

(21 mm Hg at 73 F), reached electrical resistances of the

same order of magnitude as those of similar specimens dried

in an oven at 107 C and atmospheric pressure. Subsequent

measurements indicated that the moisture content of the

vacuum-dried specimens was higher than that of oven-dried

specimens, but lower than that of specimens, from the

same batch and of the same age, conditioned at 73 F, 50 rh,

and atmospheric pressure.

The specimens dried at low pressure, and those from

the same batch dried at 73 F 50 rh, were tested for flexural

and compressive strength; moisture contents were measured

for samples from the broken specimens. These data, and net

weight loss during conditioning, are summarized in Table 1.

The strength data indicate that the long period at very low

pressure did not affect the strength of the concrete

appreciably.
- 3 -

Following the removal of the Di-3 specimens from the

vacuum chamber, specimens of blast furnace slag and of

volcanite aggregate concretes (BF-2 and V-l) were put in.

They are being subjected to the same low pressure as the

Di -3 specimens.

Table 1. Effects of conditioning at vacuum (approx, vapor

pressure of water) vs. air drying at one atmosphere.

Conditioning

Air Drying Low Pressure

Modulus of rupture, psi

Compressive strength, psi

Weight loss during, percent

Moisture content after, percent

925

9255

1.97

2.97

850

IO36 O

3*92

1.31

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its major laboratories in Washington, D.C.,and

Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work.

In general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by

its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the inside of the

front cover.

WASHINGTON, D. t.

Electricity. Resistance and Reactance. Electrochemistry. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements.

Dielectrics. High Voltage. Absolute Electrical Measurements.

Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Refractometry. Photographic Research. Length. Engineering Metrology.

Mass and Volume.

Heat. Temperature Physics. Heat Measurements. Cryogenic Physics. Equation of State. Statistical Physics.

Radiation Physics. X-ray. Radioactivity. Radiation Theory. High Energy Radiation. Radiological Equipment.

Nucleonic Instrumentation. Neutron Physics.

Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry. Pure Substances. Spectrochemistry. Solution Chemistry. Standard Refer- ence Materials. Applied Analytical Research. Crystal Chemistry.

Mechanics. Sound. Pressure and Vacuum. Fluid Mechanics.. Engineering Mechanics. Rheology. Combustion

Controls. Polymers. Macromolecules: Synthesis and Structure. Polymer Chemistry. Polymer Physics. Polymer Characterization. Polymer Evaluation and Testing. Applied Polymer Standards and Research. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Engineering Metallurgy. Metal Reactions. Metal Physics. Electrolysis and Metal Deposition.

Inorganic Solids. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Solid State Chemistry. Crystal Growth. Physical Properties.

Crystallography.

Building Research. Structural Engineering. Fire Research. Mechanical Systems. Organic Building Materials. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Inorganic Building Materials. Metallic Building Materials. Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics. Operations Research. Data Processing Systems. Components and Techniques. Computer Technology. Measurements Automation.

Engineering Applications. Systems Analysis.

Atomic Physics. Spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy. Far Ultraviolet Physics. Solid State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Plasma Spectroscopy.

Instrumentation. Engineering Electronics. Electron Devices. Electronic Instrumentation. Mechanical Instru- ments. Basic Instrumentation. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Molecular Spectroscopy. Ele- mentary Processes. Mass Spectrometry. Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry.

Office of Weights and Measures. BOLLDEK, COLO.

CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Cryogenic Processes. Cryogenic Properties of Solids. Cryogenic Technical Services. Properties of Cryogenic

Fluids. CENTRAL RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY

Ionosphere Research and Propagation. Low Frequency and Very Low Frequency Research. Ionosphere Research. Prediction Services. Sun- Earth Relationships. Field Engineering. Radio Warning Services. Vertical Soundings Research. Troposphere and Space Telecommunications. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Radio Noise. Tropospheric Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Spectrum Utilization Research. Radio-Meteorology. Lower Atmosphere

Physics.

Radio Systems. Applied Electromagnetic Theory. High Frequency and Very High Frequency Research. Fre- quency Utilization. Modulation Research. Antenna Research. Radiodetermination.

Upper Atmosphere and Space Physics. Upper Atmosphere and Plasma Physics. High Latitude Ionosphere

Physics. Ionosphere and Exosphere Scatter. Airglow and Aurora. Ionospheric Radio Astronomy.

RADIO STANDARDS LABORATORY

Radio Standards Physics. Frequency and Time Disseminations. Radio and Microwave Materials. Atomic Fre- quency and Time-Interval Standards. Radio Plasma. Microwave Physics.

Radio Standards Engineering. High Frequency Electrical Standards. High Frequency Cal ibration Services. High

Frequency Impedance Standards. Microwave Calibration Services. Microwave Circuit Standards. Low Frequency

Calibration Services.

Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics- NBS Group (Uni v. of Colo.). USCOMM-NBS-DC
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