EPA Registration Division contact: [BeWanda Alexander, Insecticide Branch, 703-

305-7460]

[BASF Corporation]

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0234]

EPA has received a pesticide petition 0F7690 from [BASF Corporation], [26 

Davis Drive, P.O. Box 13528, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3528]

proposing, pursuant to section 408(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 

(FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 346a(d), to amend 40 CFR part 180. by establishing a tolerance for 

residues of combined residues of alpha-cypermethrin and cypermethrin (including 

zeta-cypermethrin)( (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-

dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and (R)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1S,3S)-3-(2,2-

dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate)] in or on the raw agricultural 

commodity [tree nuts (group 14), dried shelled pea and bean, except soybean 

(subgroup 6C), corn grain, pop corn, sweet corn, soybeans and sugar beet roots] at 

[0.05] parts per million (ppm) and commodity [succulent shelled pea and bean 

(subgroup 6B) and root and tuber vegetables (group 1)] at [0.1] parts per million 

(ppm) and commodity [cucurbit vegetables (group 9), fruiting vegetables (group 8), 

sugar beet tops and wheat grain] at [0.2] parts per million (ppm) and commodity

[citrus fruit (group 10] at [0.35] parts per million (ppm) and commodity [cottonseed, 

edible podded legume vegetable (subgroup 6A) and sorghum grain] at [0.5] parts per 

million (ppm) and commodity [rice grain] at [1.5] parts per million (ppm). and 

commodity [citrus dried pulp] at [1.8] parts per million (ppm) and commodity [head 

and stem brassica (subgroup 5A)] at [2.0] parts per million (ppm) and commodity

[citrus oil] at [4.0] parts per million (ppm) and commodity [leafy vegetable, except 

brassica (group 4)] at [10] parts per million (ppm) and commodity [alfalfa hay] at [15]

parts per million (ppm)... EPA has determined that the petition contains data or

information regarding the elements set forth in section 408 (d)(2) of FDDCA; however, 

EPA has not fully evaluated the sufficiency of the submitted data at this time or whether 

the data supports granting of the petition. Additional data may be needed before EPA 

rules on the petition.

Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide consisting of three asymmetric carbon 

atoms, and therefore, 8 stereo-isomeric mixtures. Cypermethrin is also 

characterized as consisting of cis- and trans-configured diastereo-isomeric 

components based on orientation around its cyclopropane ring. Zeta-cypermethrin 

and alpha-cypermethrin are optimized stereo-isomeric mixtures of cypermethrin, 

each consisting of 4 major components. These zeta-cypermethrin and alphacypermethrin components are the enriched trans- (alpha-S) and cis (cis2-R) 

isomeric orientations of cypermethrin, respectively. 
2

A. Residue Chemistry

1. Plant metabolism.[The metabolism of cypermethrin in plants is adequately 

understood. Studies that have been conducted to determine the metabolism of 

radiolabelled cypermethrin in various crops all produced similar results. The 

residue of concern is the parent compound only.]

2. Analytical method. [There is a practical analytical method for detecting and 

measuring levels of cypermethrin in or on food with a limit of detection that allows 

monitoring of food with residues at or above the levels set in these tolerances (Gas 

Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection or GC/ECD and LC/MS/MS 

methods are available).]

3. Magnitude of residues. [Alpha-cypermethrin registration will cite the 

applicable magnitude of the residue studies conducted for the registration of zetacypermethrin. Field trials with zeta-cypermethrin were carried out to determine 

the magnitude of the residue in/on root and tuber vegetables (group 1), leafy 

vegetables (group 4), head and stem brassica (subgroup 5A), edible podded legume 

vegetable (subgroup 6A), succulent shelled pea and bean (subgroup 6B), dried 

shelled pea and bean (subgroup 6C), fruiting vegetables (group 8), cucurbit 

vegetables (group 9), citrus fruit (group 10), tree nuts (group 14), field corn, pop 

corn, sweet corn, wheat grain, rice grain, sorghum, sugar beets, soybeans, cotton

and alfalfa. The number and locations of field trials are in accordance with OPPTS 

Guideline 860.1500. Field trials were carried out using the maximum label rates, the 

maximum number of applications, and the minimum pre-harvest interval (PHI) for 

all the crops. Detected residues of cypermethrin in all crops support the proposed 

tolerances.]

B. Toxicological Profile

1. Acute toxicity. [Acute toxicity studies conducted with alpha-cypermethrin 

show a low toxicity via the oral (category III), dermal (category III) and inhalation 

(category IV) exposure routes. Alpha-cypermethrin is not irritating to the eyes and 

is not a skin sensitizer. However, it is mildly irritating to the skin. The acute 

toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin EC formulation is attenuated following acute 

exposures via inhalation and dermal routes. The EC formulation is a skin and eye 

irritant, mild skin sensitizer and has moderate toxicity via oral exposure route. ]

2. Genotoxicty. [Alpha-cypermethrin was negative for inducing mutations in both in 

vitro Ames and an in vitro CHO/HGPRT locus mammalian cell mutation assays. Alphacypermethrin caused no increase in the incidence of chromatid or chromosome aberrations 

or polyploidy in bone marrow cells following per os in-vivo exposure to Wistar rats. 

Similarly, Alpha-cypermethrin did not increase the frequency of chromatid gaps, chromatid 

breaks or total chromatid aberrations in rat liver (RL4) cell cultures. Alpha-cypermethrin
3

did not produce any detectable DNA single-strand damage using alkaline elution profiles of 

liver DNA. 

From the all available data on alpha-cypermethrin, it can be concluded that this compound 

is non-mutagenic in tests with Salmonella typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and invivo and in-vitro tests with rat liver cells for the induction of chromosome aberration and 

production of DNA single-strand damage. Overall, the weight of the evidence demonstrates 

that alpha-cypermethrin is not genotoxic. ]

3. Reproductive and developmental toxicity. [The reproductive and 

developmental toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin was investigated in a 2-generation rat 

reproduction study as well as in rat and rabbit developmental toxicity studies. The 

test substance in these studies was either alpha-cypermethrin or zeta-cypermethrin 

– the same racemic pyrethroid mixture with similar enantiomeric composition.

In the rat multigeneration study conducted with zeta-cypermethrin, another related 

pyrethroid racemate mixture, the test substance was administered via diet at levels 

of 0, 7.5, 25, 100, 375 or 750 ppm, equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.8, 7, 27 or 45 mg/kg/day. 

Clinical signs of neurotoxicity and isolated incidences of mortality were observed in 

the parental animals at the top dose of 45 mg/kg/day. An increased incidence of pup 

mortality was also seen at 45 mg/kg/day. At 27 mg/kg/day, decreased body weight 

gain, especially during lactation, and increased relative brain weights were observed 

in male and female adult animals. Decreased body weight gain during lactation was 

also seen among offspring at 27 mg/kg/day. The NOAEL for parental and systemic 

toxicity was 100 ppm, equivalent to 7 mg/kg body weight per day. Similarly, the 

NOAEL for offspring toxicity was 100 ppm, equivalent to 7 mg/kg/day.

Developmental toxicity studies, via gavage exposures, were conducted in rats and 

rabbits with alpha-cypermethrin. In these studies, there was no evidence of 

teratogenicity in animals treated during the phase of organogenesis. 

In rabbits (0, 3, 15 or 30 mg/kg/day via gavage in corn oil vehicle), reduced maternal 

food consumption and body weights were observed at 30 mg/kg/day; no treatmentrelated effects on fetal weights were observed. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity 

and embryotoxicity was 15 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively. There were 

no indications for teratogenicity.

Administration of alpha-cypermethrin via gavage at 0, 3, 9, or 18 mg/kg/day to 

pregnant rats during fetal organogenesis (gestational days 6-15) elicited maternal 

toxicity at the two top doses, characterized by changes in clinical conditions and 

reduction in food consumption and body weight gain. Due to marked clinical signs 

of toxicity the dose level of 18 mg/kg/ day was lowered to 15 mg/kg/day on day 10 of 

gestation. Females at 18 or 15 mg/kg/day showed unsteady gait, piloerection, and 

other signs of maternal toxicity. Slight body weight reductions were also seen in the 

females at 9 mg/kg/day. A slight reduction in fetal weights was observed at these 

dose levels (9, 15/18 mg/kg/day) in concert with maternal toxicity. There was no 
4

indication for teratogenicity. The NOAEL for maternal and fetal toxicity was 9 

mg/kg/day.

In the rat developmental toxicity study, the maternal and developmental NOAEL 

was 9 mg/kg/day. For rabbits, the NOAEL for systemic toxicity was 15 mg/kg/day, 

and the NOAEL for developmental toxicity was 30 mg/kg/day, the highest dose 

tested. ]

4. Subchronic toxicity. [A similar toxicity profile was observed across rats, mice 

and dogs following subchronic exposure to alpha-cypermethrin. These profiles are 

mostly related to the mode of action of alpha-cypermethrin and include effects on 

the neuromuscular system. Typical indicator effects for this mode of action were 

observed and included tremors, gait abnormalities, decreased motor activity and 

increased salivation. Surviving animals recovered within 3 -7 days. The short term 

and reversible nature of these neurotoxic effects is in line with studies showing that 

type II pyrethroids such as alpha-cypermethrin can cause exaggerated 

pharmacological effects at high dose levels that do not result in histopathologic 

lesions on nervous system tissues.

In rats, clinical signs characteristic for pyrethroid neurotoxicity were observed in 

short-term toxicity studies (4-6 weeks) at ≥800 ppm. Clinical signs were more 

pronounced in males and included high stepping, splayed gait, abasia and 

hypersensitivity. Further observed effects comprised decreased food intake and 

body weights, and some hematological findings at ≥400 ppm. The NOEL was 200 

ppm, equivalent to 10 mg/kg/day. After dietary administration at 540 ppm for 90 

days, abnormal gait with splayed hind limbs in male rats and decreased food intake 

and body weights were observed. No other treatment-related effects occurred 

during the course of this study. The NOEL was 60 ppm, equivalent to 3 mg/kg/day.

In mice, clinical signs of toxicity including abnormal gait were also observed after 

dietary administration of alpha-cypermethrin at ≥800 ppm for 4 weeks. The death 

of two animals and neurological signs of toxicity were associated with 

administration of alpha-cypermethrin at 1200 or 1600 ppm. The NOEL was 400 

ppm, equivalent to 57 mg/kg/day. In a 90-day dietary exposure toxicity study in 

mice, un-groomed coat, hair loss and encrustations on the dorsal surface, reduced 

body weights, and increased aspartate aminotransferase activity were observed at 

250 ppm. The NOEL was <50 ppm, equivalent to <7.1 mg/kg/day, based on hair 

loss seen at the lowest dose tested.

In dogs, clinical signs including body tremors, head nodding, ataxia, agitation, lip 

licking, subdued behavior and high stepping gait were observed at the top dose level 

(270 ppm) of a 90-day dietary toxicity study. No other treatment-related effects were 

observed after administration of alpha-cypermethrin to dogs. The NOEL was 90 

ppm, equivalent to 2.25 mg/kg/day.
5

The neurotoxic potential of alpha-cypermethrin was studied following acute oral 

exposure in the rat. The subchronic neurotoxicity potential of alpha-cypermethrin

was also investigated in the rat, using zeta-cypermethrin as a surrogate test 

material.

In the acute neurotoxicity study, no deaths or adverse clinical or pathological 

treatment-related effects were observed after oral administration of alphacypermethrin at 4 mg/kg body weight. At 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight, clinical 

signs of neurotoxicity (including abnormal gait, piloerection, hunched posture, and 

diarrhea), and significant differences to the controls in functional observation 

battery tests were observed, with females exhibiting reduced susceptibility. The 

NOEL was 4 mg/kg.

No evidence of increased neurotoxicity was observed in the subchronic neurotoxicity 

study with zeta-cypermethrin. Clinical signs of toxicity were similar to acute 

exposure and included decreased motor activity, decreased body weight gains and 

food consumption. The NOAEL was 5 and 31 mg/kg/day in males and females, 

respectively. Overall, the neurotoxic effects elicited by alpha-cypermethrin were 

reversible. ]

5. Chronic toxicity. [The results of long-term oral exposure studies indicate 

that alpha-cypermethrin is not carcinogenic in mice or rats. At high doses in long 

term oral exposure studies with rats, mice and dogs, observations demonstrate 

evidence of slight neurologic signs and decreased body weight gains. This is 

consistent with the mechanism of action of alpha-cypermethrin on the peripheral 

and central nervous system, through interactions with sodium channels. The 

NOAEL in the mouse oncogenicity study was 30 ppm, equivalent to 3 mg/kg body 

weight/day in males and 3.5 mg/kg body weight/day in females. In the rat 

chronic/oncogenicity study, the NOAEL was 100 ppm, equivalent to 5 mg/kg body 

weight/day in males and females. In a chronic (1-year) dog study, the NOAEL was 

60 ppm, equivalent to 2 mg/kg/day in males and 2.2 mg/kg/day in females. ]

6. Animal metabolism. [The metabolism of cypermethrin in animals is 

adequately understood. Cypermethrin is rapidly absorbed, distributed, and 

excreted in rats when administered orally. Biotransformation is principally 

governed by hydrolytic and oxidation reactions. ]

7. Metabolite toxicology [No metabolites of toxicological concern were 

identified with alpha-cypermethrin. ]

8. Endocrine disruption. [No specific tests have been conducted with alphacypermethrin to determine whether the chemical may have an effect in humans that 

is similar to an effect produced by a naturally occurring estrogen or other endocrine 

effects. However, there were no significant findings in other relevant toxicity studies 

(e.g., sub-chronic and chronic toxicity, developmental toxicity and multi-generation 
6

reproductive studies) which would suggest that alpha-cypermethrin produces any 

endocrine disruption. ]

C. Aggregate Exposure

1. Dietary exposure. [Exposure assessments were conducted to evaluate the 

potential risk due to acute and chronic dietary exposure of the U.S. population and 

sub-populations to residues of Alpha-Cypermethrin. Alpha-cypermethrin is an 

isomer of cypermethrin. Zeta-cypermethrin is also an isomer of cypermethrin. 

When the EPA conducted the risk assessment for zeta-cypermethrin (November 27, 

2007, D335224, Dennis McNeilly), EPA included all uses for cypermethrin and zetacypermethrin together in the exposure and risk assessment because of the close 

similarity in toxicity and chemical characteristics. The EPA exposure and risk 

assessment for alpha-cypermethrin will be approached similarly and the exposure 

assessment and risk evaluation will include the uses from all three active ingredients 

(cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin). Alpha-cypermethrin will 

not be registered on any crops where zeta-cypermethrin or cypermethrin are not 

currently registered. However, alpha-cypermethrin will not be registered on all the 

current crops registered with zeta-cypermethrin or cypermethrin. Also, the 

application rate and seasonal maximum rate for alpha-cypermethrin will be less 

than cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin. This analysis includes all the current 

existing tolerances for cypermethrin/zeta-cypermethrin 40 CFR 180.418. ]

i. Food. [

. 

Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment

The EPA conducted a highly refined probabilistic acute dietary exposure assessment 

in the “Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Cypermethrin (revised 01/14/2008)” 

using PDP data, percent crop treated information and processing factors. This 

refined acute dietary exposure estimates are applicable to alpha-cypermethrin. The 

only difference between alpha-cypermethrin and cypermethrin are in the acute 

population adjusted dose (aPAD). The aPAD for cypermethrin is based on a 

NOAEL of 10 mg/kg bw/day with a 100x uncertainty factor and a 1x FQPA SF to 

give a aPAD of 0.1 mg/kg bw/day. The aPAD for alpha-cypermethrin is based on a 

NOAEL of 4 mg/kg bw/day with a 100x uncertainty factor and a 1x FQPA SF to 

give a aPAD of 0.04 mg/kg bw/day. 

In the cypermethrin assessment, the most highly exposed population subgroup was 

children 1-2 years old at 6.1% of the aPAD at the 99.9th percentile of exposure. The 

aPAD for cypermethrin is 0.1 mg/kg bw/day and an exposure of 6.1% aPAD is a 

food exposure of 0.0061 mg/kg bw/day. Using the same acute food exposure for 

alpha-cypermethrin, the most highly exposed population subgroup was children 1-2 

years old at 15.3 % of the aPAD at the 99.9th percentile of exposure. The results of 

the analysis show that the estimated food exposures are well below the Agency's 

level of concern (< 100% aPAD). 
7

Chronic Dietary Exposure Assessment

The chronic dietary exposure estimates cited in this document are from the most 

recent dietary assessment conducted for zeta-cypermethrin/cypermethrin by EPA 

(November 5, 2007, D335224, Dennis McNeilly). In this dietary assessment, EPA 

used anticipated residues, crop treated factors, residue data from PDP. For 

commodities without a registered use or tolerance for cypermethrin/zetacypermethrin, EPA assumed these commodities would be treated in a food handling 

establishment (100% treated) and an anticipated residues of 1⁄2 the LOD (0.05 ppm) 

was assumed for all these commodities. 

Alpha-cypermethrin registration will cite all the environmental fate studies done for 

the registration of zeta-cypermethrin and cypermethrin. Therefore, the drinking 

water assessment conducted for the zeta-cypermethrin assessment is used for this 

alpha-cypermethrin exposure assessment. The chronic surface water value used in 

this assessment is 0.013 ppb (February 8, 2007, D334937, J. Melendez).

The chronic Population Adjusted Dose (cPAD) used for U.S. population and all subpopulations is 0.015 mg/kg bw/day. This endpoint is based on the NOAEL value of 

1.5 using a FQPA safety factor of 1. The most highly exposed population sub-group 

was children 1-2 years of age which utilized 10.0 % cPAD. The results of the 

chronic dietary assessment are presented in Table1. 

Table 1. Results for Alpha-Cypermethrin Chronic Dietary Exposure Analysis

including Food and Drinking Water Exposure. 

Population Exposure Estimate %cPAD

Subgroups (mg/kg b.w./day)

U.S. Population 0.000454 3.0

All Infants (< 1 year old) 0.000943 6.3

Children (1-2 years old) 0.001496 10.0

Children (3-5 years old) 0.001176 7.8

Children (6-12 years old) 0.00063 4.2

Youth (13-19 years old) 0.000286 1.9

Adults (20-49 years old) 0.000333 2.2

Adults (50+ years old) 0.000415 2.8

Females (13-49 years old) 0.000344 2.3

The results of the analysis show that for all populations, the exposures are below a 

level of concern (< 100% cPAD). ]

ii. Drinking water.
8

[ Alpha-cypermethrin will not be registered on any crops where zeta-cypermethrin 

or cypermethrin are not currently registered. However, alpha-cypermethrin will 

not be registered on all the current crops registered with zeta-cypermethrin or 

cypermethrin. 

Alpha-cypermethrin registration will cite all the environmental fate studies done for 

the registration of zeta-cypermethrin and cypermethrin. Therefore, the drinking 

water assessment conducted for the zeta-cypermethrin assessment is used for this 

alpha-cypermethrin exposure assessment. The acute surface water value used in 

this assessment is 1.0 ppb (February 8, 2007, D334937, J. Melendez). The chronic 

surface water value used in this assessment is 0.013 ppb (February 8, 2007, 

D334937, J. Melendez). The acute and chronic groundwater EDWC value is 0.0036 

ppb (February 8, 2007, D334937, J. Melendez). 

Acute Aggregate Exposure and Risk (food and water)

The aggregate acute risk including exposure of Alpha-Cypermethrin from food and 

water are done for the most highly exposure subpopulation, children 1-2 years old. 

The food exposure is 0.0061 mg/kgbw/day and the drinking water exposure using a 

EDWC of 1.00 ppb is 0.000199 mg/kg bw/day The combined exposure is 0.006299

mg/kgbw/day which accounts for 15.7% of the aPAD. The results demonstrate that 

there are no safety concerns for any subpopulation based on the proposed uses and 

the results meet the FQPA standard of reasonable certainty of no harm. 

Short- and Intermediate-Term Aggregate Exposure and Risk (food, water, and 

residential)

Short- and intermediate-term aggregate risk assessments include chronic exposure 

from food, water, and exposure from residential uses. The exposure values used in 

this aggregate assessment are from the recent human health assessment for Zetacypermethrin conducted by EPA (D. McNally, November 27, 2007, D344749). 

BASF will cite the data from zeta-cypermethrin for the alpha-cypermethrin 

registration. The short- and intermediate-term endpoint is 7.4 mg/kg bw/day. The 

aggregate assessment was conducted for the most highly exposure population group, 

children 1-2 years old. The highest residential oral exposure for children 1-2 was 

for hand-to-mouth activity from indoor surfaces following crack and crevice 

treatment. This is the highest residential oral exposure so it is protective for all 

other scenarios. The highest dermal residential exposure for children 1-2 years old 

occurred from the indoor treatment of hard wood and carpets. This dermal 

exposure is protective for all other scenarios. The short- and intermediate-term 

aggregate exposure for children 1-2 is shown in Table 2. 

Table 2. Aggregate Short- and Intermediate-term Aggregate Exposure for Children 

1-2 years old. 

Food 

exposure MOE

Oral 

carpet MOE

Dermal 

Carpet MOE

Aggregate 

MOE
9

(mg/kg 

bw/day)

(mg/kg 

bw/day)

(mg/kg 

bw/day)

0.001496 4947 0.01111 666 0.0336 220 160

The assessment shows that the short- and intermediate-term aggregate exposure is 

below the EPA level of concern. 

Chronic Aggregate Exposure and Risk (food and water)

The aggregate chronic risk including exposure of Alpha-Cypermethrin from food 

and water are shown in Table 1. The results demonstrate there are no safety 

concerns for any subpopulation based on the proposed uses and the results meet the 

FQPA standard of reasonable certainty of no harm. 

]

2. Non-dietary exposure. [The residential exposure cited in this assessment is 

based on the most recent exposure assessment cited for cypermethrin / zetacypermethrin (D. McNally, November 27, 2007, D344749). The residential postapplication incidental oral exposure MOE’s range from 190 to 960,000 which exceed 

the target MOE of 100 (D334263; Nov. 29, 2006, Zeta-cypermethrin: Revised 

Human Health risk assessment). The combined exposure to toddlers following 

home lawn application, hand to mouth, object to mouth, and incidental soil 

ingestion was 2,600 which greatly exceeds the target MOE. The dermal exposure 

for adults is not assessed because there is no dermal NOAEL selected for adults. 

The dermal exposure for toddlers was determined and the calculated MOEs were all 

greater than the target MOE (D. McNally, November 27, 2007, D344749). This 

assessment shows that there are no levels of concern which are exceeded from the 

residential uses.]

D. Cumulative Effects

["Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) requires that, when considering whether to 

establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency consider “available 

information'' concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues 

and “other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity." Alphacypermethrin is a member of the pyrethroid class of pesticides. Although all 

pyrethroids alter nerve function by modifying the normal biochemistry and 

physiology of nerve membrane sodium channels, EPA is not currently following a 

cumulative risk approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity for the 

pyrethroids. Although all pyrethroids interact with sodium channels, there are

multiple types of sodium channels and it is currently unknown whether the 

pyrethroids have similar effects on all channels. Nor do we have a clear

understanding of effects on key downstream neuronal function e.g., nerve 

excitability, nor do we understand how these key events interact to produce their 

compound-specific patterns of neurotoxicity. There is ongoing research by the 

EPA's Office of Research and Development and pyrethroid registrants to evaluate 
10

the differential biochemical and physiological actions of pyrethroids in mammals. 

When available, the Agency will consider this research and make a determination of 

common mechanism as a basis for assessing cumulative risk.]

E. Safety Determination

1. U.S. population. [Based on this risk assessment, BASF concludes that there 

is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to the general population from the 

aggregate exposure to Alpha-cypermethrin from the proposed uses.]

2. Infants and children. [Based on this risk assessment, BASF concludes that 

there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants or children from 

the aggregate exposure to Alpha-cypermethrin from the proposed uses.]

F. International Tolerances

[There are CODEX maximum residue levels established for cypermethrin 

residues in many different crop and crop groups. JMPR considered the residue 

trials for alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin and cypermethrin collectively. 

Codex maximum residue levels have been established in the following crops:

Leafy vegetables 0.7 Edible offal, mammalian 0.05

Pome fruits 0.7 Meat, from mammals 2.0

Stone fruits 2.0 Poultry meat 0.05

Roots and tubers 0.01 Eggs 0.01

Fruiting vegetables, cucurbits 0.07 Milks 0.05

Legume vegetables 0.7 Milk fats 0.5

Pulses 0.05

Dry bean 0.05

Brassica 1.0

Leafy vegetables 0.7

Citrus fruits 2.0

Cereal grains 0.3

Corn, sweet 0.05

Oilseed 0.1

Eggplant 0.03

Okra 0.5

Onion bulb 0.01

Bell pepper 0.1

Non-bell pepper 2.0

Pimentos 0.1

Sugar beet 0.1

Sugar cane 0.2

Tomato 0.2]
11