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Modeling and Inventories MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) MOVES (Motor 

Vehicle Emission Simulator) -- Technical Background 

MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) -- 

Technical Background 

This page compiles technical and historical information on the MOVES project. To download 

and use the current version of MOVES, see the main MOVES page. 

 MOVES2010 

Draft MOVES2009 Documentation 

MOVES Demo Software & Documentation 

MOVES2004 Software & Documentation 

Planning Documentation 

FACA Materials 

Conference/Workshop Papers and Presentations 

Background Reports 

General Background 

Main mobile sources modeling page 

For further information on MOVES, email mobile@epa.gov. 

For updates and news on EPA mobile source emission models, subscribe to the EPAMOBILENEWS listserver: Subscription Information. 

For further information or assistance regarding this web page, contact: 

ASD Information Line, phone: (734) 214-4636 or email: asdinfo@epa.gov. 

Draft MOVES2009 Documentation 

Draft MOVES2009 for Comment: Questions and Answers (PDF)

(8 pp, 220K, EPA-420-F-09-019, April 2009) Describes the model, 

provides guidelines for model use, and provides instructions for 

commenters. 

Download DraftMOVES2009InstallationSuite (ZIP) (322MB) 

Includes everything needed to install Draft MOVES2009: 

installation instructions (readme.txt), executable file for the 

MOVES software, default database, User Guide and the 

Software Development Reference Manual. 

Installation instructions Also included in the Draft MOVES2009 

download, as readme.txt. 

DraftMOVES2009 Errata Sheet (PDF) (6 pp, 121K, EPA-420-B-09-

029, July 2009) 

Draft MOVES2009 User Guide (PDF) (118 pp, 2.9MB, EPA-420-B-09-008) 

Draft MOVES2009 User Guide Example Files (ZIP) (353 K) 

Software Development Reference Manual for Draft MOVES2009 (PDF) (279 pp, 1.3MB, 

EPA-420-B-09-007, March 2009) 

Draft MOVES2009 Training Sessions 

Draft MOVES2009 Training Materials 

Draft MOVES2009 Technical Reports: These reports describe the inputs used for Draft 

NOTE: You will need 

Adobe Acrobat 

Reader, available as 

a free download, to 

view some of the 

files on this page. 

See EPA's PDF page

to learn more about 

PDF, and for a link 

to the free Acrobat 

Reader.

Modeling and Inventories Last updated on Tuesday, December 22, 2009

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/movesback.htm

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MOVES2009 and proposed for MOVES2010. 

Development of Emission Rates for Light-Duty Vehicles in the Motor Vehicle 

Emissions Simulator (MOVES2009) (PDF) (125 pp, 2.1M, EPA-420-P-09-002, August 

2009) 

Development of Emission Rates for Heavy-Duty Vehicles in the Motor Vehicle 

Emissions Simulator (Draft MOVES2009) (PDF) (101 pp, 982K, EPA-420-P-09-005, 

August 2009) 

Development of Evaporative Emissions Calculations for the Motor Vehicle 

Emissions Simulator (Draft MOVES2009) (PDF) (21 pp, 267K, EPA-420-P-09-006, 

August 2009) 

Development of Gasoline Fuel Effects in the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator 

(MOVES2009) (PDF) (161 pp, 724K, EPA-420-P-09-004, August 2009) 

Draft MOVES2009 Highway Vehicle Temperature, Humidity, Air Conditioning, 

and Inspection and Maintenance Adjustments (PDF) (41 pp, 469K, EPA-420-P-09-

003, August 2009) 

Draft MOVES2009 Highway Vehicle Population and Activity Data (PDF) (105 pp, 

707K, EPA-420-P-09-001, August 2009) 

MOVES Demo Software & Documentation 

MOVES Highway Vehicle Implementation, Demonstration Version (MOVES Demo) is an 

update to MOVES2004 and includes the major software features planned for the future 

MOVES model. MOVES Demo provides an excellent opportunity for modelers to start 

learning to use the advanced features of the MOVES model and to provide feedback to us as 

we continue our work on the MOVES model. 

Please note that all of the criteria pollutant emission rates in MOVES Demo are placeholder 

values and do not represent actual emission rates. Users may not use MOVES for any 

submissions for State Implementation Plans (SIPs) or conformity determinations until EPA 

approves an “official” version of MOVES. 

MOVES Demonstration Introduction describes MOVES Demo, provides guidelines for 

MOVES Demo use, and provides contact information for commenters. 

MOVES Demonstration Program Suite Distribution (ZIP, 220M, April 2007) This 

compressed file includes everything needed to install MOVES Demo, including 

installation instructions, program software, the MOVES Demo default database, 

MOVES Demo user guide and the MOVES Demo software design and reference 

manual. Important! Instructions for downloading and extracting the MOVES Demo 

Program Suite Distribution ZIP file. 

Documentation: 

MOVES-HVI Demonstration Version User Guide, Draft (PDF) (113 pp, 1.5MB, 420-

P-07-002, February 2007) provides detailed instructions on how to use MOVES

Demo. 

Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator - Highway Vehicle Implementation (MOVESHVI) Demonstration Version, Software Design and Reference Manual, Draft 

(PDF) (231 pp, 1.5MB, 420-P-07-001, February 2007) describes the database structure 

and software design for MOVES Demo including detailed calculation algorithms. 

Questions & Answers (also available as a PDF file, 3 pp, 93K, 420-F-07-043, May 

2007) 

Draft MOVES2004 Software & Documentation 

Synopsis & Request for Comments 

MOVES2004 Installation Package (220MB ZIP) (Note: This is a very large file and will 

take a long time to download.) 

Important! Instructions for unzipping the installation file 

Installation Patch # 2: Download and execute this supplemental installation for 

required corrections to the version of MOVES2004 currently posted on the MOVES 

website, (includes all previous patches) (12.9M ZIP)

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Instructions for unzipping and executing the patch installation file

Documentation: 

A Roadmap to MOVES2004 (also available as a PDF file, 10 pp, 290K, EPA420-S-05-

002, March 2005) provides a general overview of MOVES2004 and its 

documentation. 

User Guide (PDF) (92 pp, 1.7MB, EPA420-P-04-019, November 2004) 

Software Design Reference Manual (PDF) (142 pp, 1.1MB EPA420-P-04-017, 

November 2004) 

Validation Results (PDF) (28 pp, 333K, EPA420-P-05-002, February 2005) 

Highway Vehicle Population and Activity Data (PDF) (99 pp, 445K, EPA420-P-04-020, 

December 2004) 

Energy and Emission Inputs (PDF) (175 pp, 5.6MB EPA420-P-05-003, March 2005) 

Update of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission Factors (PDF) (39 pp, 683K, 

EPA420-P-04-016, November 2004) 

User Manual and Technical Issues of GREET for MOVES Integration (PDF) (61 pp, 

522K, EPA420-P-05-004, March 2005) 

Physical Emission Rate Estimator (PERE) 

Report: Fuel Consumption Modeling of Conventional and Advanced 

Technology Vehicles in the Physical Emission Rate Estimator (PERE) 

(PDF) (124 pp, 2.0MB, EPA420-P-05-001, February 2005) 

Model (9.8MB ZIP) 

Planning Documentation 

Advanced Technology Vehicle Modeling in PERE (PDF) (50 pp, 477K, EPA420-D-04-002, 

February 2004) Describes the PERE model for conventional as well as advanced 

technology light duty vehicles. PERE will be used to generate some emissions rates 

for MOVES. 

Abstract & Request for Comments 

Peer Review of Design and Implementation Plan 

Independent Peer Review of the MOVES Design and Emissions Analysis Plans 

(PDF) (28 pp, 138K, February 2003) 

Addendum to Independent Peer Review of the MOVES Design and Emission 

Analysis Plans (PDF) (2 pp, 60K, February 2003) 

Draft Design and Implementation Plan for EPA's Multi-Scale Motor Vehicle and 

Equipment Emission System (MOVES) (PDF) (92 pp, 899K, EPA420-P-02-006, October 2002)

also available as a Report abstract and request for public comments. 

FACA Modeling Workgroup Materials 

The Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) Modeling Workgroup is focused on providing EPA 

with stakeholder input on MOVES. Materials from recent workgroup meetings are provided 

below: 

August 8, 2006, joint meeting with FACA Modeling workgroup and Coordinated 

Research Council Emissions Committee 

EPA Presentation: Brake and Tire Emissions in MOVES (PDF) (15 pp, 99K)

describes planned methodology for brake and tire emissions. 

EPA Presentation: Fuels and Fuel Effects in MOVES2006 (PDF) (14 pp, 100K)

describes planned fuels and adjustment for MOVES2006. 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Heavy Duty HC/CO/NOx (PDF) (26 pp, 269K)

summarizes heavy duty criteria pollutants planned for MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: Developing Draft Emission Rates for MOVES: Criteria 

Pollutant Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles (PDF) (55 pp, 941K) recaps MOVES 

design, reviews data sources, describes options to represent I/M. 

EPA Presentation: Activity in MOVES 2006 (PDF) (15 pp, 105K) overview of VMT & 

source hours operating, starts and evaporative activity. 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Light Duty Vehicle Engine Start Emissions and 

Exhaust Emission Adjustments (PDF) (23 pp, 159K) describes engine starts 

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basics.

EPA Presentation: Approach for Modeling Evaporative Emissions in MOVES 

(PDF) (30 pp, 241K) describes planned methodology for evaporative emissions in 

MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Future Emission Rates (PDF) (20 pp, 120K) describes 

projections of future emission rates: light duty and heavy duty gas and heavy 

duty diesels. 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Heavy Duty PM (PDF) (26 pp, 448K) describes the plan 

for heavy duty particulates in MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: Gasoline Particulate Emission Rate Development for MOVES 

(PDF) (30 pp, 785K) describes Kansas City PM study background, modal trends 

and elemental and organic carbon rates. 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Status and Overview (PDF) (31 pp, 269K) describes 

current status of MOVES project. 

December 2, 2003, Workgroup Meeting 

Meeting Summary (PDF) (13 pp, 161K) 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Update for FACA Modeling Workgroup (PDF) (6 pp, 

117K) describes the status of work on the MOVES model. 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Fleet & Activity Inputs, 1999 Base Year (PDF) (33 pp, 

439K) describes the vehicle population and activity data being prepared for 

MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: Data Acquisition and Management for MOVES (PDF) (35 pp, 

482K) describes the vehicle emission rate and energy consumption data being 

collected for MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: Emission Rate Development (PDF) (34 pp, 405K) describes the 

characterization and analysis of emission rates for MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: Advanced Technology Vehicle Modeling in MOVES using PERE 

(PDF) (32 pp, 560K) summarizes how the Physical Emission Rate Estimator will be 

used to generate MOVES emission rates for advanced technology vehicles. 

Environ Presentation: Review of MOVES Draft Design (PDF) (19 pp, 

332K) Describes the Coordinating Research Council's review of the MOVES 

design. 

EPA Presentation: Discussion of CRC & NYDEC Comments (PDF) (13 pp, 

203K) Provides EPA responses to MOVES comments from the Coordinating 

Research Council and the New York Department of Environmental Conservation. 

Draft EPA Report: EPA MOVES Greenhouse Gas RunSpec GUI Details (PDF) (15 

pp, 348K, EPA420-D-03-002, November 2003) Describes the Graphical User Interface 

planned for the MOVES 2004 release. 

June 13, 2002, Workgroup Meeting 

Meeting Summary (PDF) (1 pp, 24K) 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Progress Update (PDF) (34 pp, 122K) (also available as 

a 480K Powerpoint) Describes plans for MOVES implementation and work on 

emission rate development. 

June 10, 2003, Workgroup Meeting 

Meeting Summary (PDF) (35 pp, 557K) (Includes EPA presentation "MOVES 

Update for FACA Modeling Workgroup") 

February 11, 2003, Workgroup Meeting 

Meeting Summary(PDF) (12 pp, 116K) 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Update for FACA Modeling Workgroup (PDF) (14 pp, 

116K) Provides update on MOVES progress and status. 

Robert Slott Presentation: Comments on MOVES Reports (PDF) (32 pp, 

300K) Provides comments on EPA reports EPA420-R-02-027 and EPA420-P-02-

008. 

November 6, 2002, Workgroup Meeting 

Meeting Summary (PDF) (9 pp, 43K) 

July 15, 2002, Workgroup Conference Call 

Call Summary (PDF) (15 pp, 39K) 

February 12, 2002, Workgroup Meeting 

Meeting Summary (PDF) (4 pp, 18K) 

EPA Presentation: New Generation Model Update (PDF) (16 pp, 207K) (also

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available as a 792K Powerpoint) Describes plans and progress on MOVES. 

Workgroup Presentation: New Generation Model Status Report (PDF) (14 pp, 20K)

(also available as a 78K Powerpoint) Describes results of MOVES survey sent to 

FACA modeling workgroup members. 

October 23, 2001, Workgroup Meeting 

Meeting Summary (PDF) (6 pp, 16K) 

EPA Presentation: EPA's New Mobile Source Emissions Model: Progress and 

(Some) Proposals (PDF) (22 pp, 147K) (also available as a 217K 

Powerpoint) Describes plans and progress on MOVES. 

April 23, 2001, Conference Call 

Meeting Summary(PDF) (4 pp, 10K) 

April 10, 2001, Conference Call 

EPA Presentation: New Generation Mobile Source Emissions Model - Initial 

Proposal and Issues (PDF) (35 pp, 610K) (also available as a 710K 

Powerpoint ) Describes plans for MOVES. 

January 16, 2001, Workgroup Meeting 

Meeting Summary (PDF) (4 pp, 12K) 

EPA Presentation: New Generation Mobile Source Emissions Modeling (PDF) (28 

pp, 47K) (also available as a 710K Powerpoint) Describes rationale and options 

for a new mobile source emissions model. 

Conference/Workshop Papers and Presentations 

EPA Presentation: The MOVES Approach to Modal Emission Modeling (PDF) (30 pp, 

496K) Presented at Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions 

Workshop, April 2004. Describes development of emission rates using the Modal 

Binning Approach. 

EPA Presentation: Running Energy Consumption Rates within the MOVES Modal 

Framework (PDF) (32 pp, 832K) Presented at Coordinating Research Council On-Road

Vehicle Emissions Workshop, April 2004. Summarizes analyses performed to populate 

the MOVES emission rate table for running energy consumption by motor vehicles. 

EPA Presentation: Medium and Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Modeling Using a Fuel 

Consumption Methodology (PDF) (27 pp, 640K) Presented at Coordinating Research 

Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, April 2004. Describes development of a 

Fuel Consumption Methodology using the PERE model for Medium and Heavy Duty 

Diesel Vehicles. 

EPA Presentation: Advanced Technology Vehicle Fuel Consumption Modeling in PERE 

(PDF) (28 pp, 676K) Presented at Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle 

Emissions Workshop, April 2004. Describes the PERE model for conventional as well 

as advanced technology vehicles. PERE will be used to forecast energy consumption 

for MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Fleet & Activity Inputs 1999 Base Year (PDF) (17 pp, 

404K) Presented at Coordinating Research Council on On-Road Vehicle Emissions 

Workshop, April 2004. Describes the vehicle population and activity data being 

prepared for MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: MOVES Update (PDF) (17 pp, 436K) Presented at Coordinating 

Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, April 2004. Describes status 

of work on MOVES model. 

EPA Presentation: Design and Implementation of MOVES: EPA's New Generation 

Mobile Source Emission Model (PDF) (32 pp, 413K) Presented at the International 

Emission Inventory Conference "Emission Inventories - Applying New Technologies" 

San Diego, April 2003. Summarizes EPA plans for developing MOVES. 

EPA Presentation: Consistency in On-Road Mobile Source Activity Modeling, with an 

Application to Parked Passenger Cars (PDF) (21 pp, 227K) Presented at the 

International Emission Inventory Conference "Emission Inventories - Applying New 

Technologies" San Diego, April 2003. Describes relationships between vehicle activity 

distributions, focusing on an example of vehicle time-spent-parked and time-spentrunning. 

EPA Presentation: Emission Analysis Approach for EPA's Multi-scale Motor Vehicle & 

Equipment Emission System (MOVES) (PDF) (36 pp, 905K) presented at Coordinating 

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Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, April 2003. Describes 

proposed approach for characterizing and analyzing emissions for MOVES. 

Ford Presentation: A Physical Emissions Rate Estimator for MOVES (PDF) (36 pp, 

389K) Presented at Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions 

Workshop, April 2003. Describes a model to estimate emissions using physical 

parameters of a vehicle. 

Ford & EPA Presentation: Speed Anomalies in VSP Based Emissions (PDF) (30 pp, 

305K) Presented at Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions 

Workshop, April 2003. Describes research on estimating emissions using Vehicle 

Specific Power. 

EPA Presentation: Planning for Quality in MOVES: EPA's Next Generation Mobile 

Source Emissions Model (PDF) (20 pp, 216K) Presented at the National Conference on 

Managing Quality Systems, April 2003. Describes plans to assure model quality in 

MOVES. 

Workshops

March 16, 2005 Workshop Materials: a one-day public workshop on the 

recently-released MOVES2004 model 3.4M ZIP 

A 3-day modeling workshop was held in Ann Arbor, MI, November 5 through 7, 

2002. Only the second day of the workshop (November 6) was devoted to the 

MOVES model. The first and third days were devoted to the NONROAD model 

and the MOBILE6 model, respectively. 

Mobile Source Present and Future Models Workshop, November 5-7, 2002

(PDF) (4 pp, 395K) (November 2002) Workshop Announcement and Tentative 

Agenda 

Workshop Daily Agendas (final version) 

NONROAD Session (November 5) 

MOVES Session (November 6) 

MOBILE6 Session (November 7) 

Workshop Presentations

Presentations from the 1-day NONROAD Session 

A "zip" file containing the agenda and all of the presentations in either "PDF" 

formats 361K ZIP or PowerPoint97 formats 246K ZIP. The presentations provide 

details on the development of the NONROAD model and include: "Introduction," 

"Technical Developments: Model Results," "Technical Developments: Default 

Inputs," Code Modifications," "Geographic Allocation," "Sensitivity Analysis," 

and "Model Release and Guidance." 

Presentations for the 1-day MOVES Session 

A "zip" file containing the agenda and the presentations in "PDF" formats 1.3M

ZIP as well as a transcript of that day's session. The presentations provide 

detail on the plans for and progress on the MOVES model. They include: 

"Design and Implementation Plan," "Software Implementation," "Emission 

Analysis Overview," "Candidate Emission Analysis Methods," "Emission Analysis 

Plan for MOVES GHG," "High Emitter Characterization," "Uncertainty 

Estimation," and "PEMS Progress Report." 

Presentations for the 1-day MOBILE6 Session 

The MOBILE6 session consisted of five EPA presentations and a user forum in 

which three presentations were submitted by individual users. 

A "zip" file containing the agenda and all five of the EPA presentations in either 

"PDF" formats 1.4M ZIP or PowerPoint97 formats 2.7M ZIP The presentations 

provide details on MOBILE6 results and guidance. They include: "MOBILE6 

Model Update," "MOBILE6 Policy Update," "MOBILE6 Sensitivity Analysis," and 

"MOBILE6 Validation Studies." 

A "zip" file containing the agenda and all three of the user submitted 

presentations in "PDF" formats 1.4M ZIP The presentations provide information 

on how MOBILE6 has been used in various context. The presentations are: 

"Development and Management of Link-level MOBILE6-Based Emissions 

Inventories", "Use of MOBILE6 to Develop and Quality Assure 'Link-Based' 

Inventories for the 8-County Houston/Galveston Nonattainment Area", and 

"M6Link, A Tool for Integrating Transportation Model Output and MOBILE6 

Output". 

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Conference Paper: EPA's Plan for MOVES: A Comprehensive Mobile Source Emissions 

Model (PDF) (14 pp, 247K) Presented at the International Emission Inventory 

Conference "Emission Inventories - Partnering For The Future," Atlanta, April 2002 

The paper presents EPA's progress to date on MOVES, focusing on initial efforts 

regarding model design, emission analysis, software development, and quality 

considerations. 

CRC Presentation: EPA's Plan for MOVES: A Comprehensive Mobile Source Emissions 

Model (PDF) (16 pp, 141K) (also available as a 127K Powerpoint) Presented at the CRC 

On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, San Diego, April 2002 The presentation 

describes EPA's progress to date on MOVES. 

Background Reports 

Proof of Concept Investigation for the Physical Emission Rate Estimator (PERE) to be 

Used in MOVES (PDF) (82 pp, 2.4MB, EPA420-R-03-005, February 2003) This report provides 

a proposal for the Physical Emission Rate Estimator (PERE) to be used in MOVES. By 

Dr. Edward Nam of Ford Motor Company 

An assessment of methods for developing emission rates based on the results on the 

on-board shootout discussed below is documented in Methodology For Developing 

Modal Emission Rates For EPA's Multi-Scale Motor Vehicle & Equipment Emission 

System (PDF) (286 pp, 1.09MB, EPA420-R-02-027, August 31, 2002) produced by North 

Carolina State University. 

An effort to inventory second-by-second data generated outside of EPA and process it 

for inclusion in MOVES analyses is documented in Mobile Source Observation Data 

(MSOD) Database Update, Interim Report (PDF) (60 pp, 684K, EPA420-R-02-033, October 

31, 2002) Produced by Eastern Research Group, Inc. 

An onboard emission analysis "shootout" was conducted by EPA to evaluate potential 

methods for analyzing onboard emission data in MOVES. A pilot dataset of onboard 

data was provided to three contractors: University of California at Riverside, North 

Carolina State University, and ENVIRON Corporation. The contractors developed 

models with these data which were used to predict a set of independent operation on 

an additional set of vehicles. EPA also participated in the shootout. Methods and 

results for all approaches are summarized in (EPA420-R-02-033, October 31, 

2002) EPA's Onboard Analysis Shootout: Overview and Results (PDF) (66 pp, 780K, 

EPA420-R-02-026, October 2002) Individual contractor reports are posted below, 

including the test program report from Sensors, Inc. 

University of California at Riverside: College of Engineering-Center for 

Environmental Research and Technology: Mobile Source Emissions New 

Generation Model: Using a Hybrid Database Prediction Technique (PDF) (67 pp, 

4.8MB) and Appendix (PDF) (12 pp, 2.6MB, February 6, 2002) 

ENVIRON International Corporation: Onboard Emission Data Analysis and

Collection for the New Generation Model (PDF) (48 pages, 1.7MB, February 22, 2002) 

North Carolina State University: Computational Laboratory for Air, Energy and 

Risk, Department of Civil Engineering: Recommended Strategy for Onboard 

Data Analysis and Collection for the New Generation Model (PDF) (272 pp, 3.8MB, 

February 4, 2002) 

Sensors, Inc. On-Road Emissions Testing of 18 Tier 1 Passenger Cars and 17 

Diesel Powered Public Transportation Buses (PDF) (64 pp, 1.1MB, EPA420-R-02-030, 

October 22, 2002) 

General Background 

EPA's New Generation Mobile Source Emissions Model: Initial Proposal and Issues 

(PDF) (52 pp, 200K, EPA420-R-01-007, April 2001) This report outlines an initial approach 

for the model, for the purpose of eliciting comments from stakeholders and model 

users. The comment period ended July 1, 2001. 

The recommendations contained in the National Research Council's report "Modeling 

Mobile Source Emissions" (May 2000) are a major driver for the New Generation 

Model effort. To view this report on-line, go to 

http://www.nap.edu/books/0309070880/html/ 

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