NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

6527

MEASUREMENTS OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF

SEVERAL EXPLOSIVES BY THE CONDUCTIVE DISC METHOD

BY

H. E. Robinson, D. R. Flynn, and T. W. Watson

Report to the

Fire Protection Section

Building Technology Division

NBS

<nbs>

II. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 19S0. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical

problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed

Tor other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic EnergyCommission. The scope "of activities is suggested b\ the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the hack cover.

Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project or program. Published papers appear cither in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the

journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents

complete papers reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presents

summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout

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Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous

Publications.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in N BS Circidar 460, Publications of

the National Bureau of Standards (SI. 25) and its Supplement ($0.75), available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, 1). C.

Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports should be addressed to the Office of Technical Information, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

1002-12-^322 September 1, 1959 &52?

Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of

Several Explosives by the Conductive Disc Method

by

H. E. Robinson, D. R. Flynn, and To W. Watson

Heat Transfer Section

Building Technology Division

Report to the

Fire Protection Section

Building Technology Division

NBS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF S' intended for use yvithin the

to additional evaluation and

listing of this Report, either the Office of the Director, N

however, by the Governmen

to reproduce additional cop.

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015.

progress accounting documents

irmally published it is subjected

, reproduction, or open-literature

ision is obtained in writing from Such permission is not needed,

prepared if that agency wishes

<NBS>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
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for ilk* e&v&X t r&a&aee libera ter^., #i^sur4HMK&te were desired

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iMi epplleetie* then several eliefttetiv# nethede that v«r«

considered* iiOccrSingly, the Mmt Trm&Zex "metXm cm*

* treated «m opprepriet* apparatus of the nr# tjr$e* the desiga

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the eefteafciel elea**®!* ef Ik* *e©adactlv© alee ’ *pp&r&~

tm Qcmlnt of a eireeX&r dlae of ^etaX e&nhwi cfeec between

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(see figure X). XJa# eea&oetlee 4i^e is unil'^rai/ ne^iec «t

Its eireuler edge by aesusa of electrical resistance wire set

in a groove* She hml generated at the alee edge tends to

flow in the disc r*:*i ally toward lie center, &&£ 4l.se te fl&?

from the disc through the two epecl&eoi to the uniformtemperature mM plates* Thee, the eleady-etete teaperatur#

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angular sp&eifif at e radian «f §®j til thermocouple

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free! at smrfaee of the disc, list cold pistes %m 6~i&ch

discs of ferae s* X «s thick* mitfe several Iwn of

copper tube soldered to their aeft**mrJtl&$ side* for circulation fcf eeolsmfe* the vevltitaf emrf-aee* «f the eol. plates

were turned flat la & lathe after the *£L&#rlag ots e®»-

pitted* 4 thermocouple Juaetiem is imstt i& tSe ferats disc

at its center for fieeemrisi its temperature . it# dimeaeic .3 selected for the conductive 41st of the epparttas were predicated on jNMmreMftts ea epaeiseaa 1/2 imk thick W € inches

in assist thermal eeadmefeivities la the range fron

o*f to 5*0 sm/m1 c.

the heater winding in the edge-graev* ef the cendmetiv*

il#c mmtst® of approximately 13 ft &f M* 3$ ee&atamtam

wire* fei filarXjr wouna, insulated with ulm&tar«a&tms4tad

fiberglass sleevisg* Its ei#etrleei reslttasea is approximately 60 ohms*

Asaeaiated #q>^L|>3eefit im&lmm & SO gel , Imk with ;» X&feor&tory lmmeraiea pomp for ciremlatiag water through the

toM plate eaili at about 1 gp&, e reltege regulator end 4

variable *-e tramsferma? for power supply to the dlse See ter.

and a precision potentiometer for t&ermctemt^Xe readings* ill

thermocouples m* mm of So* 30 eej^per end eeestente& wir#^ > and are meed with the referee.ee Jmotioas at 0

rt C*

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a» epprorimte of the eemduetlve disc aethed Is

given helow $ adeqmte for showing it* chief operating skr«-

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desired, sg4 for enabling certain ooapmtetiens of the left

results*

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wMrti 1 1 1* tha M4ifi«$ Beas«l*s MiUes »f %m first kim,

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41»e aff l*iaefe tMcl a talalgia gJUa** fiber

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tafetfLatad fo«B for vaiuaa* of x fro® t> t« 1C in of

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iaeh eurxsg us* fey three smll fiber ^egs tturtwMs pe*$«wiieu«‘

l**Xy Utfeaffe the tm Jtrnrw sols j>X*t* *r the «*]?***"'

tw, ike diune/ spedsea* «as4 the eeadgeti** else were

l&steaed together with gufe-fecr ®m<2&% ia fete & «ite-fc*#*s&ly#.

t* «* 11brat* the test a$par&Vst* » test® Mere B&4« os »A:g

e-laeis die# tpteiaesf of th*2»i tdasstteae* £**». 0*3 *0

%*% m*/m*€* «&ch in with the duster of SM. eeadmetea#* #f *j^r*^&atwly 1, i.% &v//$bx?

... , *ac the

s$**d3r~*t*te mlm o.t l/% wee &&****•£ i& «ae& c&se* .:b*

eeiwihfceiaaee* of the sis i&riaeijpsl sfeeimes® * «I tf the

speeAaea* w*r* aitfefsiMe by '®shji® of ftrettidia* ttefc*

*e*dtt*t*d ©a the® is the fe*a at $»&*&* tfmtfti in the

Mrt&i*** gtwwddd feet plat* dp#$i4itm CxffM £*s £$&*!£**

the result# #f is# esUtotiea i.t«iifii«&is are reeagded

in fable l t &n4 there ere flatted is. figure z %m hot .plate

mlmst ef «*ftta*i*SMNU h/1* ef the fri&tif&i sfrteisejtt* versus

the dfceeretd ¥*&•** ©r f/f^ frem the iMetifi dls* aseeewemeats em the®. 1 re&wl&g fwt is f&irti #&«•&**! the tlx

mWtmtim $*&&*» m field « eaadifc ear** re#meatlag the

*%lihw&ile& of the eftadueilv* die* 4$p&r«tdi# tapertare# tf

the experiiseat&i paist* tad the tart* d» eet **«•#£ os* p*r~

ttftt

the eeadwetaae** is figure f %re mlwm l*

the seas teaperetwr* of the ejerelae* la t&e **ad*#tle* die*

feet when the ttld plat© teftperetart was e&eufe £?.. mad the

diet aeaa i*»f©retard w*us ebewt 4fc* la tests mM with

the eeftdttettire disc *pf***tu» 9 using the eejULbretida ear**

or figare * 9 %h& 4fetel&e& r**wire* earreetiea,

me Jisdl©&i*& beiew, to for the efeusge is list

if the diet ae&a tea^eratare deserted sigailxe&atly frtfe> fc'fC. fhe eorrecied ttadwataate carrerpeads to

the eetuei wee» t*ef<arat*3r* af thm epeeiaes Is the eaadue*

tie* die* test*

the leader*tar* ee*ffi«i*ftt of eaaduetirliy ai type 3"£

staialese steel { is fc&# ***ati«N& <tdr49)}) is

epp-reximtelf, ^ceerdiagly, tlw edaduet&aee

ahtdiaed thm. %m oeliferailm eurre, h/hvo*o.} > shewld he

corrected by the relation

^(4t t# ) * ^Cc«e fe )x(l*0*<^i{t4Hdf}] (f)

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ki*C mm& tmpptptnrpi md mlng M>qnziim$ (k) and (2->

,

iim conductivity of i&e type 303 st&i&Xtis* stool of 41*e

1$ o&x«ulat*4 to to* 0*150 w/osb C- at Ci :? e c* x mw&mmmt

m4P Mm i» XfJ& on & oa»$tX* of 'Ey** 333 rod 1 i&eh la ci--. * H#fc?r indicated Its ecu&Svfttltlty to I® 0*l*fi v/m c at; &>*;.*

IBS Circular 5%i H¥h*smi Conductivity of Metals #r*l vlloys

&t Mw ’Tm^mmSmm . a Mtlw of t&* Uter&inrr (Iff^)

ii¥€« o&fcst tflfttro 13 ) whlo& im4lest* that i&o cOftduotivXty

of 303 st *$*C is about 0* 153 ? the Ototlal*** Stool

B&sdfeoeic of llw iXX*$0»&y stool cm&mmtim i®M.m%m% & v&lsis

of O.I55 w/#m € si #*0f- 1M v&Iue Of 4i*o e*g4acti*itjr

ofetaiao* frc-a tfe* tin# #*.XX1h?oiiiis it ooos to $*

iktwrm&Mtp M%mm At&iX&oie mluo* £wm oiiaof »«&s£?o&*&.t3*

5. 9MNSSMMS XEy CXtaiflCS

1m tit* ooo of tfes 4j#i«tsi§ f tha lower cold

flat#* in* too*? oroolsoa* isa t&a o*B&a$iloo 4ioo f*ra*4 &

ral^asitMfelji and II wm mmm&fp mlr to Ifitoryooe %M

sting!* loot #§o#Xtttgi Mtmm the cooducftiro list m& %M

xtppet mM f-lfeio* For good th&rml oe&iae

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9 tko tost sposlzsos oust k* flat o&d of triform t m& tm em~

&mt%M$, m&imm mm% M ntmm* f# ls$ro«o therml coataot

between the wey&lsg surfoots arid the «$oc&mf as l-l -lb

woifM costored on the offer **14 i>iit« 5 moitix?* in a

?r0*s$r« os the tfooiooi* of 4|^roidmt«l| §*$ psi. Car#

**• taken to aosote %&€ii %hm mifct&X p&rt.® m£ tm

weight mm mm't&Xlf* Ball l@4jr.lmgt are sot am ill# #6gt& is tka ostnajNi imm pf mlh sold at Asgnlaf niasiags of 110^.

of tk# diataiK^ a^rosa th&

tall taaringn is ih* tw sold with asd without tfe*

tost is *£utbl#4 tn« thi#ks«ss of tk« spaci -* mm to b* a#tarat«lf ddiefaimad*.

fk*#*al issulati#a of tk# working %&?*$. of th* «****tx«c

apparattHi was accomplishes by pouring «rooBd it within & »fill« dlasotasr mntnimt a fxo*«flowing p^er

inssx&tios (siilea -atrogoi)* fk* powder insulation was

readily iraised from around th# agfavatns by opeais|- « slidisf get* tt th# kotto* of t<b* contAlsoo*
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fo «t*rt «t test, the disc boater winding was e&erglsea

at a roaoooikfeXe pmm input rate (m initial ' settles of

about # mite inpm ms used for these sMMSOrtao&ts), as^ If

list# power iapui u&*X the coeXioo water temperature wore constant , im *pjwr»t«« rou&oA 5k substantially ateaay temperature oioitfltioft la fro& a to 3 hours* Se&iiag# of t &ssd ?0

were t&o& periodically for *& hour or son to otooro

that steady-state eooOitfe&s existed* fht mint of Use ratio

?/% dees not 6#p*&& on the ret* of ^«f Input t hat to determine Hit mil# with good freclslo®, It la desirable that the

difference between f *&€ ?® be Oetorola&feio with a precision

of Matter this 1 part la tffO* -mad therefore that the rate of

power impii ho adjested to yield &a a&e$i3&t6 difference of ¥

and ?o* 2a tooting esf Xosivos, fetmeer, it ml desirable that

the ©axiom temperature of the disc in coiUeet with the test

apaelAOft fee United to sesse oaf# folso* For this apparatus

the mximm aloe temperature, which ooooro at the is

&pproxlmi#Xy to

tms * t e * %(?/%}* if)

for folsoa of ?A* to 1*3«

6 . #t sjmm oi sm^srms

fable a stmarisos the data obtained with the coaditcties 41 s© m ea$le*l*ee»

the six aateriAl* were fooaul to ho** themel tm&m~

ti sities totween 1*9 *Bd f«# *m/** C.

boring the court# of the mmmTmmbB nm4# la the

uo&erfreaoa ootiXt on the oxpXooim, two cheek omattrooeots

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Kr. iloiirk II. Murllrr. Scirrlury NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Amin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its headquarters in Washington, D.C., and its mujor

laboratories in Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering in the

field indicated by its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the

inside of the front cover. WASHINGTON, D.C.

•Electricity and Electronics. Resistance and Reactance. Electron Devices. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements. Dielectrics. Engineering Electronics. Electronic Instrumentation. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic Technology.

Length. Engineering Metrology. Heat. Temperature Physics. Thermodynamics. Cryogenic Physics. Rheology. Engine Fuels. Free Radicals Research. Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Physics. Radiation Theory. Radioactivity. X-rays. High

Energy Radiation. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry. Inorganic

Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Molecular Structure and Properties of Gases. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances. Mechanics. Sound., Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics, Mass and Scale. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls. Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. PolymerStructure. Plastics. Dental Research. Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion. Metal Physics.

Mineral Products. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Concreting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering.- Mathematical Physics.

Data Processing Systems. SEAC Engineering Group. Components and Techniques. Digital Circuitry.

Digital Systems. Analog Systems. Application Engineering.

• Offi cc of Basic Instrumentation. • Office of Weights and Measures. BOULDER, COLORADO

Cryogenic Engineering. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials. Gas Liquefaction.

) Radio Propagation Physics. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation

Services. Sun-Karth'Relationships. VII F Research. Radio Warning Services. Airglow and Aurora. Radio

Astronomy and Arctic, Propagation.

Radio Propagat ion Engineering. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Modulation Systems. Radio Noise. Tropospheric - Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Radio Systems Application Engineering. RadioMeteorology. Lower Atmosphere Physics.

Radio Standards. High Frequency Electrical Standards. Radio Broadcast Service. High Frequency Impedance Standards, Electronic Calibration Center. Microwave Physics. Microwave Circuit Standards. Rudio Communication and Systems, Low Frequency and Very Low Frequency Research. High Fre- quency and Very High Frequency Research. Ultra High Frequency and Super High Frequency Research. Modulation Research. Antenna Research. Navigation Systems. Systems Analysis. Field Operations.