# Patent

## Title
Enhanced WLAN association for roaming

## Abstract

A communication device using a current wireless network via a first access point confirms availability of a second access point before breaking the current connection. To confirm availability of the second access point, the communication device sends a power management message that causes the first access point to store packets during the power management period. After the connection to the second access point is confirmed, the second session may be put on hold using the same technique while the connection to the first access point is restored, the stored packets processed and the connection closed. Then the connection to the second access point may be reactivated and further communication made through the second access point.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/937,854, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,380,203, entitled “ENHANCED WLAN ASSOCIATION FOR ROAMING,” filed on Nov. 9, 2007, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/865,329, entitled “ENHANCED WLAN ASSOCIATION FOR ROAMING,” filed on Nov. 10, 2006. The disclosures of both of the above-referenced applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.


DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology, for example, an IEEE 802.11 protocol, uses a communication device with a wireless modem to communicate data with an access point on another wireless or fixed network, usually connected to a corporate infrastructure or the Internet. The wireless modem may be associated with a device, such as a PC card in a laptop, or may be integral to a unit, such as a cordless telephone handset. The data transmitted may be Internet Protocol (IP) data used to support a variety of applications from Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) to browsing application data. A variety of WLAN protocols exist, including, but not limited to, 802.11(a), 802.11(b), 802.11(d), and 802.11(g), with the promise of more on the horizon. In some applications, the communication device may be stationary, for example, a desktop computer may use a WLAN to simplify network wiring. However, in other applications, the ability of the communication device to roam in a coverage area may be key to the success of the communication device's application, such as a mobile telephone.
A mobile communication device may roam within the coverage area of a single access point. However, when roaming over a larger area, it may not be possible to remain within coverage of a single access point. When that is the case, the current data session with the current access point must transition to a new access point. Proposed standards will allow roaming by adding intelligence to access points to allow out-of-band communication to arrange transfer of the data session from one access point to another. However, millions of access points are already in place that do not support such proposed standards. Roaming in these environments risks loss of connection because a current connection is dropped before a new connection can be established.
FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art WLAN environment 100 with a communication device 102 communicating wirelessly with an access point 104. The access point 104 communicates in some environments with a communications controller 106. The communications controller 106 may allow further communications with a server 110 via a network 108. The server 110 may be an enterprise server on an Intranet or may be a web server or other host on a public wide area network such as the Internet. When the communication device 102 moves beyond the coverage area of the access point 104, the communication device 102 may break the connection with the access point 104 and then attempt to connect with a second access point 112. If the connection with the second access point 112 fails, the communication device 102 may attempt to reconnect to the access point 104.
Even if the communication device 102 can reconnect to the access point 104, an interruption in service is likely to result. Such an interruption in service may only be a nuisance in some applications. But when real-time traffic is involved, such as a Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) phone call, the interruption may be much more than a nuisance, representing a significant interruption in service.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
A communication device that roams between access points in a WLAN network takes advantage of an available function to implement a roaming handoff that is backwards compatible with existing access point technology.
The 802.11 PSM (power save mode) defines a procedure for implementing power management during inactive periods. In particular, a sleep mode for saving power during inactive periods may be invoked by a communication device by sending an uplink frame with a power save (PS), or power management (PM) bit set to ‘sleep.’ This sleep command is supported by both communication devices and WLAN access points that follow the 802.11 PSM standard. When the sleep command is received at the access point, the access point will suspend its session and hold data destined for the communication device. The communication device takes advantage of the sleep command to, in turn, suspend sessions with both the old and new access points so that the communication device can confirm availability of a new connection before abandoning its existing connection. By first suspending the connection with a current access point, the communication device is able to establish a connection with a second access point before relinquishing the first connection. After the second connection is confirmed, the communication device can suspend the second connection, also using the sleep command, so that the communication device can return to the first connection long enough to exchange any packets stored during the time when the session was suspended with the sleep command.
After any stored packets have been communicated between the device and the first access point, the communication device can close the session with the first access point and restore the connection to the second access point. Because the second connection was confirmed and then suspended using the sleep command, the second connection merely needs to be re-activated using a wakeup command by sending an uplink packet with the power management bit set to ‘active.’



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art implementation of a wireless local area network;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an implementation of a wireless local area network adapted for enhanced WLAN association for roaming;
FIG. 3 is a method of implementing enhanced WLAN association for roaming; and
FIGS. 4A-4F illustrate exemplary embodiments incorporating enhanced WLAN association for roaming.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an implementation of a wireless local area network (WLAN) 200 adapted for enhanced WLAN roaming A communication device 202 may be used in the WLAN 200. The communication device 202 may be, for example, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a multi-mode cellular phone, a laptop computer, a media player, etc. Two access points 204, 212 are illustrated in FIG. 2, although in some implementations, many more access points may be included. The two access points 204, 212 are also shown coupled to a common network communication controller 206. In other embodiments, the access points used for roaming in the manner described may be coupled to different communication controllers, or even different networks. In some implementations, the communication controller 206 may be omitted.
The communication device 202 may be associated with the access point 204 to support data traffic with a server 210, in this example via the communication controller 206. In a home environment, the communication controller 206 may be a router or modem, for example. In an enterprise environment, the communication controller 206 may be a concentrator, proxy server, or other network support device, for example.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the access point 204 is coupled to the server 210 via a network 208. The network 208 may be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, an enterprise network, etc. The server 210 may be a data server or may be switch, such as a VoIP switch.
The access point 212 may also be used for communication with the server 210. In most WLAN protocols, simultaneous sessions with more than one access point 204, 212 may be supported by either the communication controller 206 or the communication device protocol stack.
However, the communication device 202 may include additional capability for enhanced roaming, embodied in hardware, firmware, or software. Although a software implementation is described below, the conversion between software and hardware or firmware is well understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Software 214 may include a roam management module 216, a pseudo power-save module 218, and a connection management module 220.
The roam management module 216 may monitor access points for more desirable connections. The pseudo power-save module 218 may be activated to put a connection on hold, even though the communication device 202 will not go into a power-save mode. The connection management module 220 may manage the process of making a new connection before terminating an existing connection.
In operation, when the communication device 202 senses a degradation in signal quality with an access point by, for example, measuring signal-to-noise ratio, the communication device 202 may determine if another access point, such as the access point 212, is accessible, and whether the signal quality is better using the other access point. Each detectable access point may be monitored. In some embodiments, the availability and determination of signal quality may be part of this process.
In other embodiments, the determination of signal quality may be made separately from the process described here, for example, the roam module 216 may include a connection monitor means such as a module, hardware, etc. that measures signal quality independent of the roaming process. The roaming module may also include an access point search means may scan all available wireless connections for a wireless access point with a higher quality signal than the current signal. This may be in response to a trigger from the connection monitor means when the signal quality of the current connection begins to degrade or may be active at all times. The signal quality may be determined using signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, or a combination.
When the roam management module 216 may determine that another access point is available and that it has better connection characteristics. If so, the pseudo power-save mode module 218 may be activated to send a packet to the current access point 204 with the power management bit set. This will cause the access point 204, or the communication controller 206 to hold the connection and store any packets bound for the communication device 202 rather than transmit them to the device 202.
During the time the first access point 204 believes the communication device 202 is sleeping for power saving purposes, the communication device 202 may be connecting to the second access point 212 under the direction of a connection manager means such as the connection management module 220. When the connection to the second access point 212 is confirmed and suitable operating characteristics are verified, the connection with the second access point 212 may similarly be put on hold by sending a packet to the access point 212 with the power-save bit set to ‘on.’
The communication device 202 may reactivate the connection with the current (first) access point 204 by sending it a packet with the power-save bit set to off. The communication device 202 and access point 204 may then recover the transmission of any packets stored while the connection was suspended. To support real-time applications, the duration of the suspension should be relatively short, for example, tens of milliseconds, although this is merely a suggestion that is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Different implementations may tolerate suspension durations of different lengths.
After any stored packets on either end are exchanged, the communication device 202 may terminate the session with the first access point 204. The communication device 202 may then re-activate the connection with the second access point 212 and begin transfer of packets. In this example, the roaming transfer process is completed without the access points 204, 212 having knowledge of the roaming activity. Moreover, the roaming process did not require any modifications to the hardware or software of the access points because the power save command is supported by all devices compliant with the 802.11 PSM standard. Only the communication device 202 itself is aware that roaming functions rather than power management functions are taking place.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method 300 of using power saving mode in a WLAN network with multiple access points to facilitate roaming. The method 300 may be implemented in a WLAN environment such as the WLAN of FIG. 2 or some other environment. The method 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 for ease of explanation. At block 302, a communication device such as the device 202 may be operating conventionally, transmitting and receiving data with an access point 204. The data traffic may be communicated via a custom or proprietary over the air protocol, the Internet Protocol (IP), etc.
At block 304, the communication device 202 may monitor for additional wireless access points and may choose to associate with the second access point 212. Choosing to associate with the second access point 212 may include determining that the signal quality from the second access point 212 is higher than a signal quality from the first access point 204. In another embodiment, this step may be deferred until later in the process, such as at block 308.
At block 306, the communication device 202 may send the first access point 204 a signal to suspend operation. In one embodiment using an IEEE 802.11 PSM protocol, the signal to suspend operation may be implemented using a packet with the power-save bit set, which is typically used to notify an access point that the communication device 202 is entering a power saving mode. When the access point 204 notes the communication device 202 is in a power saving mode, the access point 204 may begin storing pending outgoing packet data (i.e., data destined for the device 202). Depending on the network architecture, the outgoing packet data may be stored at the access point 204 or may be stored at the communication controller 206.
Similarly, packets generated at the communication device 202 destined for the access point 204 may be stored until the access point 204 is again expecting data traffic from the communication device 202.
At block 308, the communication device 202 may determine if a session with a second access point 212 is available. In one embodiment, determining if a session is available with the second access point 212 may include sending a signal to the second access point 212 for initiation the session while operation with the first access point is suspended.
In an embodiment where the communication device 202 is capable of only receiving one signal at a time, the communication device 202 may search for a signal from an alternate access point. At block 308, when such a signal is found, or was found previously at block 304, a connection may be made with the second access point 212.
At block 310, the connection with the second access point 212 may be confirmed, for example, a verification of signal-to-noise ratio associated with a connection between communication device 202 and access point 212 may be made. If at block 310, the connection to the second access point 212 cannot be confirmed or the signal-to-noise ratio is worse than that of the connection with the first access point 204, the no branch from block 310 may be taken to block 318. At block 318, the connection with the second access point 212 may be abandoned, the connection with the first access point 204 may be reactivated, or woken up, and the data session continued using the first access point 204.
If, at block 310, the connection with the second access point is confirmed, the yes branch from block 310 may be taken to block 312. At block 312, the connection with the second access point 212 may be suspended temporarily, by setting the power management bit in a packet and sending the packet to the second access point 212.
At block 314, a packet may be sent from the communication device 202 to the first access point 204 with the power management bit cleared, signaling to the first access point 204 that the communication device 202 is again available for data communication. Packets stored at the communication device 202, as well as packets stored on the fixed network side, e.g. at the access point 204 may be delivered. When any packet backlog is cleared, the communication device 202 may close the connection with the first access point 204, terminating that session.
At block 316, the communication device 202 may reestablish contact with the second access point 212 and wake up the connection by sending a packet to the access point 212 with the power management bit cleared. At this point, the communication device 202 has successfully roamed from the first access point 204 to the second access point 212.
FIGS. 4A-4F, illustrate various devices in which roaming between access points may occur, such as described above.
Referring now to FIG. 4A, such techniques may be utilized in a high definition television (HDTV) 420, particularly a mobile HDTV used portably in a home, resort, sports venue, etc. HDTV 420 includes a mass data storage 427, an HDTV signal processing and control block 422, a WLAN interface 429 and memory 428. HDTV 420 receives HDTV input signals in either a wired or wireless format and generates HDTV output signals for a display 426. In some implementations, signal processing circuit and/or control circuit 422 and/or other circuits (not shown) of HDTV 420 may process data, perform coding and/or encryption, perform calculations, format data and/or perform any other type of HDTV processing that may be required.
The WLAN interface 429 may implement roaming between access points, for example. HDTV 420 may be connected to memory 428 such as RAM, ROM, low latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory and/or other suitable electronic data storage.
Referring now to FIG. 4B, such techniques may be utilized in a vehicle 430. The vehicle 430 includes a control system that may include mass data storage 446, as well as a WLAN interface 448. The mass data storage 446 may support a powertrain control system 432 that receives inputs from one or more sensors 436 such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, rotational sensors, airflow sensors and/or any other suitable sensors and/or that generates one or more output control signals 438 such as engine operating parameters, transmission operating parameters, and/or other control signals.
Control system 440 may likewise receive signals from input sensors 442 and/or output control signals to one or more output devices 444. In some implementations, control system 440 may be part of an anti-lock braking system (ABS), a navigation system, a telematics system, a vehicle telematics system, a lane departure system, an adaptive cruise control system, a vehicle entertainment system such as a stereo, DVD, compact disc and the like. Still other implementations are contemplated.
Powertrain control system 432 may communicate with mass data storage 427 that stores data in a nonvolatile manner such as optical and/or magnetic storage devices. The mass storage device 446 may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8′′. Powertrain control system 432 may be connected to memory 447 such as RAM, ROM, low latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory and/or other suitable electronic data storage. Powertrain control system 432 also may support connections with a WLAN (not depicted) via a WLAN network interface 448. WLAN roaming, as described above, may be used when the vehicle is in motion and within access of one or more network access points (not depicted). For example, some municipalities are implementing city-wide WLAN networks that may support real-time functions, such as traffic reporting and control. Non-real-time functions may also be supported, such as diagnostics reporting. The control system 440 may also include mass data storage, memory and/or a WLAN interface (all not shown).
Referring now to FIG. 4C, such techniques may be used in a cellular phone 450 that may include a cellular antenna 451. The cellular phone 450 may include either or both signal processing and/or control circuits, which are generally identified in FIG. 4C at 452, a WLAN interface 468 and/or mass data storage 464 of the cellular phone 450. In some implementations, cellular phone 450 includes a microphone 456, an audio output 458 such as a speaker and/or audio output jack, a display 460 and/or an input device 462 such as a keypad, pointing device, voice actuation and/or other input device. Signal processing and/or control circuits 452 and/or other circuits (not shown) in cellular phone 450 may process data, perform coding and/or encryption, perform calculations, format data and/or perform other cellular phone functions.
Cellular phone 450 may communicate with mass data storage 464 that stores data in a nonvolatile manner such as optical and/or magnetic storage devices for example hard disk drives HDD and/or DVDs. The HDD may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8′′. Cellular phone 450 may be connected to memory 466 such as RAM, ROM, low latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory and/or other suitable electronic data storage. Cellular phone 450 also may support data connections via a WLAN network interface 468. The WLAN network interface 468 may be preferred when available for carrying voice or data traffic as being a lower cost system than a wide-area cellular network. When supporting voice connections over a WLAN connection, the roaming technique described above is particularly applicable.
Referring now to FIG. 4D, such techniques may be utilized in a set top box 480. The set top box 480 may include either or both signal processing and/or control circuits, which are generally identified in FIG. 4D at 484, a WLAN interface 496 and/or mass data storage 490 of the set top box 480. Set top box 480 receives signals from a source such as a broadband source and outputs standard and/or high definition audio/video signals suitable for a display 488 such as a television and/or monitor and/or other video and/or audio output devices. Signal processing and/or control circuits 484 and/or other circuits (not shown) of the set top box 480 may process data, perform coding and/or encryption, perform calculations, format data and/or perform any other set top box function.
Set top box 480 may communicate with mass data storage 490 that stores data in a nonvolatile manner. Mass data storage 490 may include optical and/or magnetic storage devices for example hard disk drives HDD and/or DVDs. At least one HDD and/or DVD may include the circuitry of FIG. 1. The HDD may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8′′. Set top box 480 may be connected to memory 494 such as RAM, ROM, low latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory and/or other suitable electronic data storage. Set top box 480 also may support connections with a WLAN via a WLAN network interface 496. The set-top box 480, or a similar device, may be used portably, for example, in a vehicle, at a sporting venue such as a golf tournament or the Olympics to support personal video, etc. When roaming between WLAN access points the roaming techniques described above may be advantageously applied.
Referring now to FIG. 4E, such techniques may be used in a media player 500. The media player 500 may include either or both signal processing and/or control circuits, which are generally identified in FIG. 4E at 504, a WLAN interface 516 and/or mass data storage 510 of the media player 500. In some implementations, media player 500 includes a display 507 and/or a user input 508 such as a keypad, touchpad and the like. In some implementations, media player 500 may employ a graphical user interface (GUI) that typically employs menus, drop down menus, icons and/or a point-and-click interface via display 507 and/or user input 508. Media player 500 further includes an audio output 509 such as a speaker and/or audio output jack. Signal processing and/or control circuits 504 and/or other circuits (not shown) of media player 500 may process data, perform coding and/or encryption, perform calculations, format data and/or perform any other media player function.
Media player 500 may communicate with mass data storage 510 that stores data such as compressed audio and/or video content in a nonvolatile manner and may utilize jitter measurement. In some implementations, the compressed audio files include files that are compliant with MP3 format or other suitable compressed audio and/or video formats. The mass data storage may include optical and/or magnetic storage devices for example hard disk drives HDD and/or DVDs. The HDD may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8′′. Media player 500 may be connected to memory 514 such as RAM, ROM, low latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory and/or other suitable electronic data storage. Media player 500 also may support connections with a WLAN via a WLAN network interface 516. Communication via the WLAN network interface 516 may be used to support real-time updates, downloading content, streaming of media content, etc. When used portably, the media player 500 may roam through a number of coverage areas and may advantageously use the roaming technique described above.
Referring to FIG. 4F, such techniques may be utilized in a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone 550 that may include an antenna 552. The VoIP phone 550 may include either or both signal processing and/or control circuits, which are generally identified in FIG. 4F at 554, a wireless interface and/or mass data storage of the VoIP phone 550. In some implementations, VoIP phone 550 includes, in part, a microphone 558, an audio output 560 such as a speaker and/or audio output jack, a display monitor 562, an input device 564 such as a keypad, pointing device, voice actuation and/or other input devices, and a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication module 566, also known as a WLAN interface. Signal processing and/or control circuits 554 and/or other circuits (not shown) in VoIP phone 550 may process data, perform coding and/or encryption, perform calculations, format data and/or perform other VoIP phone functions.
VoIP phone 550 may communicate with mass data storage 556 that stores data in a nonvolatile manner such as optical and/or magnetic storage devices, for example hard disk drives HDD and/or DVDs. The HDD may be a mini HDD that includes one or more platters having a diameter that is smaller than approximately 1.8′′. VoIP phone 550 may be connected to memory 557, which may be a RAM, ROM, low latency nonvolatile memory such as flash memory and/or other suitable electronic data storage. VoIP phone 550 is configured to establish communications link with a VoIP network (not shown) via Wi-Fi communication module 566. When roaming between access points, the Wi-Fi communication module 566 may advantageously use the roaming techniques described above.
The various blocks, operations, and techniques described above may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software. When implemented in software, the software may be stored in any computer readable memory such as on a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or other storage medium, in a RAM or ROM or flash memory of a computer, processor, hard disk drive, optical disk drive, tape drive, etc. Likewise, the software may be delivered to a user or a system via any known or desired delivery method including, for example, on a computer readable disk or other transportable computer storage mechanism or via communication media. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency, infrared and other wireless media. Thus, the software may be delivered to a user or a system via a communication channel such as a telephone line, a DSL line, a cable television line, a wireless communication channel, the Internet, etc. (which are viewed as being the same as or interchangeable with providing such software via a transportable storage medium). When implemented in hardware, the hardware may comprise one or more of discrete components, an integrated circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.
While the present invention has been described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting of the invention, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that changes, additions or deletions in addition to those explicitly described above may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. A method, comprising:
(a) communicating data between a communication device and a first access point;
(b) after (a), detecting a second access point with the communication device;
(c) after (b), suspending communication between the communication device and the first access point;
(d) after (c), storing data to be communicated between the first access point and the communication device;
(e) after (c), establishing communication between the communication device and the second access point;
(f) after (e), determining with the communication device whether to associate with the second access point; and
(g) in response to determining, at (f), to associate with the second access point,
(i) suspending communication between the communication device and the second access point,
(ii) after (g)(i), resuming communication between the communication device and the first access point,
(iii) after (g)(i), communicating the stored data between the first access point and the communication device,
(iv) after (g)(iii), terminating communication between the communication device and the first access point, and
(v) after (g)(iii), resuming communication between the communication device and the second access point;

wherein acts (a)-(g) are performed with one or more processors.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
(h) if it is determined, at (f), to not associate with the second access point,
(i) terminating communication between the communication device and the second access point,
(ii) after (h)(i), resuming communication between the communication device and the first access point, and
(iii) after (h)(i), communicating the stored data between the first access point and the communication device;

wherein act (h) is performed with one or more processors.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein suspending communication includes using a Power Save Mode (PSM) as specified in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 Standard.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication device communicates with the first access point and the second access point using a communication protocol conforming to the IEEE 802.11 Standard.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the communication device communicates with the first access point and the second access point using a communication protocol that conforms to one of (i) the IEEE 802.11(a) Standard, (ii) the IEEE 802.11(b) Standard, or (iii) the IEEE 802.11(g) Standard.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication device is one of (i) a television, (ii) a vehicle control system, (iii) a cellular phone, (iv) a set top box, (v) a media player, or (vi) a Voice over Internet Protocol phone.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein storing data includes one or more of (i) storing data packets in the communication device, (ii) storing data packets in the first access point, or (iii) storing data packets in a network controller coupled to the first access point.

8. A communication device comprising:
a wireless communication network interface configured to:
(a) communicate with a first access point;
(b) after (a), detect a second access point;
(c) after (b), suspend communication with the first access point;
(d) after (c), store data to be communicated between the first access point and the communication device;
(e) after (c), establish communication with a second access point;
(f) after (e), determine whether to associate with the second access point; and
(g) in response to determining, at (f), to associate with the second access point
(i) suspend communication with the second access point,
(ii) after (g)(i), resume communication with the first access point,
(iii) after (g)(i), communicate the stored data between the first access point and the communication device,
(iv) after (g)(iii), terminate communication with the first access point, and
(v) after (g)(iii), resume communication with the first access point.

9. The communication device of claim 8, wherein the wireless communication network interface is further configured to:
(h) if it is determined, at (f), to not associate with the second access point
(i) terminate communication with the second access point,
(ii) after (h)(i), resume communication with the first access point, and
(iii) after (h)(i), communicate the stored data between the first access point and the communication device.

10. The communication device of claim 8, wherein the wireless communication network interface is configured to suspend communication, at (c), using at least a Power Save Mode (PSM) as specified in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 Standard.

11. The communication device of claim 8, wherein the wireless communication network interface is configured to communicate with the first access point and the second access point according to a communication protocol that conforms to the IEEE 802.11 Standard.

12. The communication device of claim 11, wherein the wireless communication network interface is configured to communicate with the first access point and the second access point according to a communication protocol that conforms to one of (i) the IEEE 802.11(a) Standard, (ii) the IEEE 802.11(b) Standard, or (iii) the IEEE 802.11(g) Standard.

13. The communication device of claim 8, wherein the communication device is one of:
(i) a television further comprising (a) a television signal processing unit and (b) a display,
(ii) a vehicle control system further comprising a powertrain control unit,
(iii) a mobile phone further comprising a mobile phone signal processing unit,
(iv) a set top box further comprising a television signal processing unit,
(v) a media player further comprising (a) a media signal processing unit and (b) a storage device to store media, or
(vi) a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone further comprising a VoIP signal processing unit.

14. The communication device of claim 8, further comprising:
a memory device;
wherein the wireless communication network interface is configured to store, at (c), the data packets in the memory device.

15. The communication device of claim 8, wherein the wireless communication network interface comprises (i) a processor, and (ii) a memory device that stores machine readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform acts (a)-(g).

16. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a communication device, cause the communication device to:
(a) communicate with a first access point;
(b) after (a), detect a second access point;
(c) after (b), suspend communication with the first access point;
(d) after (c), store data to be communicated between the first access point and the communication device;
(e) after (c), establish communication with a second access point;
(f) after (e), determine whether to associate with the second access point; and
(g) in response to determining, at (f), to associate with the second access point
(i) suspend communication with the second access point,
(ii) after (g)(i), resume communication with the first access point,
(iii) after (g)(i), communicate the stored data between the first access point and the communication device,
(iv) after (g)(iii), terminate communication with the first access point, and
(v) after (g)(iii), resume communication with the first access point.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein computer-readable medium further stores computer-executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the communication device to:
(h) if it is determined, at (f), to not associate with the second access point
(i) terminate communication with the second access point,
(ii) after (h)(i), resume communication with the first access point, and
(iii) after (h)(i), communicate the stored data between the first access point and the communication device.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions to suspended communication include instructions to use a Power Save Mode (PSM) as specified in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 Standard.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions to communicate with the first access point and the second access point include instructions to communicate according to a communication protocol that conforms to the IEEE 802.11 Standard.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the communication device is one of a (i) television, (ii) a vehicle control system, (iii) a mobile phone, (iv) a set top box, (v) a media player, or (vi) a Voice over Internet Protocol phone.