The Atlanta Eight-Hour Ozone Attainment Demonstration 

# Appendix U

Mobile Source Emissions Modeling for Atlanta Ozone Attainment Demonstration Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets

## Overview

The Georgia Environmental Protection Divisi on (EPD) worked with the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) to develop mobile 1 source emissions inventories for the purpose of establishing motor vehicle emission budgets (MVEB) for the Atlanta 8-Hour Ozone Attainment State Implementation Plan (S IP) revision, hereinafter called the Ozone Attainment Plan. These inventories reflect the most recent pl anning assumptions and emission factor model 2 available, and the use of updated travel demand and emissions calculation models. The ARC's travel demand and emissions estimation modeling process was employed to estimate on-road mob ile source emissions. The mobile source emission inventories for the Ozone Attainment Plan MVEB were calculated in a manner consistent with federal regulations for perf orming regional emissions analyses used in transportation conformity determinations. The alignment of methodologies for mobile source inventories and transportation conform ity emissions analyses prevents spurious differences between motor vehi cle emission budgets (i.e., the SIP's estimate of future mobile source emissions) and tr ansportation conformity analyses that must conform to those budgets.

The 20-county Atlanta ozone nonattainment area wa s originally classified as a "marginal" nonattainment area. With an attainment ye ar of 2007, marginal 8-hour ozone areas were required to attain the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) by the 2006 ozone season. Because monitoring data from the 2006 ozone season indicated that Atlanta had not attained the NAAQS, the area was reclassified 3 to "moderate," with an attainment date no later than June 15, 2010.

For use in making transportation conformity determinations for the Atlanta 8-hour ozone nonattainment area, the Ozone Attainment Pl an will establish MVEB for the year 2009. In contrast with previous EPA guidance a nd with Georgia’s approved Post-1996 9% Plan and Post-1999 ROP 4 Plan, this Ozone Attainment Pl an does not rely on any emission reductions outside the nonattainment ar ea. As determined through interagency consultation, the emission factors used refl ect an assumption that ethanol-blend gasoline will have 100 percent market share in summer 2009. Modeling assumptions were distributed to the interagency c onsultation partners on October 28, 2008.



## Mobile Source Emissions Inventory

In order to develop the Oz one Attainment Plan MVEB, 2009 budget year VOC and NOx emission inventories for the 20-county ei ght-hour ozone nonattainment area were

1 The term "mobile" is used to describe emissions from on-road motor vehicles.

2 MOBILE6.2.03 ( http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm#m60 )

3 73 Federal Register 12013, March 6, 2008

4 The terminology EPA uses for progress towards attainment has been codified at 40 CFR Part 51.900: "reasonable further progress" (RFP) is used for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS, "rate of progress" (ROP) is used for the former 1-hour NAAQS.

U-1produced. Reference Figure U-1 for a map of the nonattainment area. These 2009 motor vehicle emissions inventories reflect the la test travel demand and emissions modeling processes used for transporta tion conformity purposes by the ARC, and latest available planning assumptions as documented in Appendix U, Exhibits 3 and 4.

U-2

### Figure U-1 Atlanta Ozone Nonattainment Area

U-3

## Emissions Inventory - 20 County Eight-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area

In support of Ozone Attainment Plan MVEB development, the ARC produced nonattainment area mobile emissions inve ntories for the 2009 Attainment budget year. The travel demand and emissions modeling pr ocess and the planning assumptions used for the Ozone Attainment Plan are summarized below and in Appendix U, Exhibits 3 and 4.

The ARC currently maintains a travel model for 20 counties that co rrespond to the eighthour ozone nonattainment area. The ARC tr avel demand model is designed to, at minimum, represent the state of the practice in travel demand modeling and to meet all modeling requirements specified in the federa l Transportation Conformity Rule (40 CFR Parts 51 and 93). The Transportation Conformity Rule establishes a regulatory requirement that includes minimum specificati ons for travel models used to forecast vehicle activity for regional emission analys es in certain nonattainment and maintenance areas. These minimum specifications (see 40 CFR Section 93.122(b)) apply to metropolitan planning areas with an urbani zed area population over 200,000 that are also serious, severe, or extreme ozone; or se rious carbon monoxide; nonattainment areas. Atlanta met those conditions under the one- hour ozone standard, for which the area had been classified as serious (effective Janua ry 6, 1992) and severe (effective January 1, 2004), before being redesignated to attainment of the one-hour ozone standard (effective June 14, 2005). Because travel model VMT are adjusted to count-based estimates before being used for emissions calculations, the bi ggest remaining difference between networkmodel-based activity and activity estimated using other "appropriate methods [40 CFR Section 93.122(d)]" is the level of speed averaging. Despite th e fact that Atlanta's current ozone nonattainment classification (moderate) would not otherwise subject it to the modeling requirements of 93.122(b), EPA regulations 5 require the continued use of activity from network-based tr avel models for transportation conformity emissions estimates in Georgia.

A full consultation process, including national peer review, and the ARC strategic travel demand model enhancement program guide all m odifications to the travel demand model. As a result, all elements of the travel dema nd model are designed to support all technical and policy decisions that are required in developing a comprehensive, multimodal transportation plan and program in accordan ce with the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, and the Transportation Conformity Rule.

The previously most recent emissions inve ntories developed usi ng ARC’s travel demand and emissions modeling process were completed as part of the transportation conformity analysis for ARC's Envision6 2030 Regional Tr ansportation Plan (RTP) and associated

5 "In all areas not otherwise subject to paragraph (b) of this section, regional emissions analyses must use those procedures described in paragraph (b) of this section if the use of those procedures has been the previous practice of the MPO [40 CFR Section 93.122(d)]."

U-4FY 2008-2013 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP); and the Gainesville-Hall MPO's 2030 RTP and associated 2008-2013 TIP; approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), in consultation wi th the EPA, on October 10, 2007. A number of enhancements to the travel demand model, described below, ar e reflected in those inventories and in the inventories develope d for the Ozone Attainment Plan MVEB. Some changes to the travel model were a result of a significa nt model recalibration initiated after the expansion of the modeli ng platform from a 13-county to a 20-county geography. Enhancements include updated population and employment estimates that reflect the expanded modeling platform, as we ll as structural changes within the model needed to recalibrate to its base year, 2000, including the following:

• Mode choice model updated to improve pe rformance of suburban intra-county trips,

• Attraction share model incorporated in to four-step modeling process, and

• New commercial vehicle and truck model developed to improve traffic assignment for both passenger vehicl es and truck traffic.

The ARC’s emissions model has also been updated to reflect all travel model improvements resulting from expansion to the 20-county geography and new 2000 base year recalibration. The emissions modeling pr ocedure requires input of travel model networks for the specific scenario year, in this case 2009. External files that specify VMT adjustment factors and MOBILE6 emission factors are also required. Changes to these networks and external files include the following:

• Network files reflect expansion of model system to cover the 20-county eight-hour ozone nonattainment area (2009 travel model network year),

• Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) adjustment factors 6 updated to reflect the latest 20-c ounty travel model recal ibration for year 2000,

• Updated seasonal adjustment factors, and

• Latest MOBILE6 emission factors.

Travel Model Networks To prepare the mobile source emissions inventories for establishing the Ozone Attainment Plan MVEB, it was necessary to create a transportation network for 2009. The year 2009 network needed for the 2009 Attainment Plan MVEB inventories was derived from the 2010 travel model networ k. Year 2009 population and employment data were interpolated from the latest regi onal control demographic forecasts documented in Appendix U, Exhibit 4.

A small portion of the Atlanta Urbanized Ar ea extends into Hall County. In February 2003, the Gainesville-Hall MPO (GHMPO) was de signated for the Gainesville Urbanized Area; the planning boundary for the GHMPO covers Hall County in its entirety. Hall County is included in Atlanta's ozone nonattainment area. The ARC, by agreement with

6 The VMT from the travel demand model are adjust ed based on the VMT estimates that Georgia DOT develops for HPMS.

U-5the GHMPO, performs the emissions modeling for Hall County. Travel model networks reflect the project listing as approved:

• in ARC's Envision6 2030 RTP and 2008- 2013 TIP; adopted by the ARC Board September 26, 2007; and received a positive conformity determination from USDOT October 10, 2007; and

• in the GHMPO's 2030 RTP and 2008-2013 TIP; adopted by the GHMPO Board August 14, 2007; and received a positive c onformity determination from USDOT October 10, 2007

Project coding for network year 2009 (based on 2010 network) was reviewed by state and local project sponsors in March and April 2007 as part of the development of the Envision6 and GHMPO 2030 RTPs and FY 2008-2013 TIPs. The 2009 network was run through a full travel model assignment pro cedure, based on the recalibrated model stream, to produce the VMT and speeds for the mobile source emission inventories.

VMT Adjustment Factors Traffic volumes produced by the travel model are adjusted within the emissions modeling process by applying a VMT adjustment f actor, which is a combination of HPMS adjustment factors, used to reconcile travel model VMT to HPMS VMT estimates, 7 and seasonal adjustment factors used to convert the average annual daily traffic produced by the travel model to average summer-time daily traffic for the purposes of ozone precursor emissions modeling 8

. EPA requires 9 that reasonable methods be used to estimate VMT on off-network (offmodel) roadways within the urban transporta tion planning area. Off- model VMT is travel that is accounted for within HPMS estimates, but not accounted for within the coded transportation network; it typically reflects tr avel on the local road system. EPA also recommends, 10 for areas with travel demand models in place, that HPMS adjustments be made based on comparison of base year VMT fr om the transportation model to base year HPMS VMT estimates. The ARC calculates HPMS adjustment factors by comparing HPMS VMT to travel model VMT by 12 HPMS functional classes for the 2000 calibration year. The resulting factors are then applied to travel model VMT estimates for future analysis years. The following equation was used to calculate the HPMS adjustment factors:

HPMS Adjustment Factor i = 2000 HPMS VMT i / 2000 MODEL VMT i (where i=HPMS functional class)

7 40 CFR Sections 93.122(a)(7) and 93.122(b)(3)

8 Section 3.4.2.6, Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources , EPA420-R92-009, USEPA Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Mobile Sources, 1992.

9 40 CFR Section 93.122(a)(7)

10 40 CFR Section 93.122(b)(3)

U-6To determine the "2000 HPMS VMT," aver age daily VMT for the year 2000 were grouped by the 12 HPMS functional classes for the 13 counties 11 that correspond to the nonattainment area for the previous 1-hour ozone standard, and, separately, for the 7 counties 12 that were not part of the 1-hour ozone nonattainment area, but are nonattainment under the 8-hour oz one standard. County-leve l HPMS data by functional class was taken from the Georgia Department of Transportation's (Georgia DOT) Office of Transportation Data "445 Report." Geor gia DOT's 445 Report provides information on mileage and VMT by route type and road sy stem and contains county-specific State Route, County Road and City Street mileage and VMT broken down by functional classification. VMT by county and functional class were aggregated to total VMT by HPMS functional class. "2000 Travel Dema nd Model VMT" at the HPMS functional class level was derived from the recalibr ated 2000 travel model network. HPMS adjustment factors for the 13- and 7- county areas are listed below.

Note that for the HPMS adjustment factors for the 7-county area, urban and rural HPMS VMT were combined by HPMS functional clas sification prior to comparing with ARC travel model VMT. Travel model network coding for the 7-count y area took place in early 2006 and reflects the latest version (f rom the 2000 Census) of the urbanized area definition. The 2000 HPMS data that is used as the base for calculati on of the adjustment factors reflects the 1990 Census urbanized area definition. Georgia DOT did not update to the 2000 Census definitions until calenda r year 2005, with their 2004 445 Report. In order to avoid a disconnect between travel model VMT in the 7 c ounties coded with 2000 Census urban/rural designa tions and 2000 HPMS VMT that reflects the 1990 definition, the urban and rural VMT were combined by functional class before the factors were calculated. This produced four unique HPMS ad justment factors for the 7-county area, as opposed to 12 unique factors calculated for the 13-county area.

11 (Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Paulding, and Rockdale)

12 (Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Hall, Newton, Spalding, and Walton)

U-7

### Table U-1 HPMS Adjustment Factors – 13 Counties Functional Class Name Functional Class Number HPMS VMT Model VMT Factor Rural Interstate 1 5,470,815 8,583,156 0.64 Rural Principal Arterial 2 3,578,882 3,579,075 1.00

Rural Minor Arterial 6 3,821,128 3,343,871 1.14 Rural Major Collector 7 3,510,608 4,021,609 0.87 Rural Minor Collector 8 1,191,162 1,121,165 1.06 Rural Local 9 3,322,148 5,199,188 0.64 Urban Interstate 11 35,934,531 35,043,828 1.03 Urban Other Freeway 12 5,765,979 2,422,195 2.38 Urban Principal Arterial 14 10,398,680 15,341,281 0.68

Urban Minor Arterial 16 22,101,606 18,118,598 1.22 Urbanized Collector 17 7,540,916 6,098,164 1.24

Urbanized Local 19 15,412,042 15,841,739 0.97



### Table U-2 HPMS Adjustment Factors – 7 Counties Functional Class Name Functional Class Number HPMS VMT Model VMT Factor Rural Interstate 1 4,160,787 2,426,269 0.85 Rural Principal Arterial 2 3,912,496 1,299,608 0.97

Rural Minor Arterial 6 3,843,626 1,784,578 0.97 Rural Major Collector 7 2,498,042 1,435,602 1.80 Rural Minor Collector 8 1,019,255 303,600 1.80 Rural Local 9 3,112,673 1,515,043 1.09 Urban Interstate 11 322,200 2,510,593 0.85 Urban Other Freeway 12 0 310,430 0.85 Urban Principal Arterial 14 2,874 1,979,977 0.97

Urban Minor Arterial 16 17,640 2,952,583 0.97 Urbanized Collector 17 0 216,380 1.80

Urbanized Local 19 20,796 1,353,590 1.09

Summer (seasonal) adjustment factors are used to convert from average annual daily VMT to average summer-season daily VM T for the purposes of ozone precursor emissions modeling. 13 Seasonal adjustment factors refl ect the latest f actors provided by the Georgia DOT Office of Transportation Data, on August 9, 2006. Summer-adjustment factors for the 13- and 7- count y geographies are listed below.

13 Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources , Section 3.4.2.6, EPA420- R-92-009, USEPA Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Mobile Sources, 1992.

U-8

### Table U-3 Summer Adjustment Factors Functional Class Name 13-Co unty Factor 7-County Factor Rural Interstate 1.05 1.04 Rural Principal Arterial 1.02 1.02

Rural Minor Arterial 1.01 1.01 Rural Major Collector 1.00 1.00 Rural Minor Collector 1.01 1.01 Rural Local 1.01 1.01 Urban Interstate 1.02 1.00 Urban Other Freeway 1.03 1.00 Urban Principal Arterial 0.99 1.00

Urban Minor Arterial 0.99 0.99 Urbanized Collector 0.97 1.00

Urbanized Local 0.97 0.97

HPMS adjustment factors were multiplied by the seasonal adjustment factors for each HPMS functional classification to produce a set of VMT adjustment factors by HPMS functional classification for 13-county a nd 7-county portions of the 20-county nonattainment area, separately. VMT ad justment factors are listed below.



### Table U-4 VMT Adjustment Factors Functional Class Name 13-Co unty Factor 7-County Factor Rural Interstate 0.67 0.89 Rural Principal Arterial 1.02 0.99

Rural Minor Arterial 1.16 0.98 Rural Major Collector 0.88 1.81 Rural Minor Collector 1.07 1.81 Rural Local 0.64 1.10 Urban Interstate 1.05 0.86 Urban Other Freeway 2.44 0.85 Urban Principal Arterial 0.67 0.97

Urban Minor Arterial 1.21 0.96 Urbanized Collector 1.21 1.80

Urbanized Local 0.95 1.06

MOBILE6 Emission Factors Emission factors were produced for 2.5 mile s per hour (mph), then 3 mph to 65 mph, inclusive, in one mile per hour incr ements for VOC and NOx using EPA's MOBILE6.2.03 model. Mobile source emissi ons are calculated by multiplying the VMT for each link 14 in the travel model network by the corresponding VMT adjustment factor

14 A link refers to a section of the modeled road networ k in which none of the describing attributes change (e.g., link "A" is a segment of a highway that has 4 lanes with speed limit of 55. If the number of lanes changes, then a new link should be coded).

U-9(by HPMS class) by an emissi on factor that corresponds to the congested flow speed of the link. Link level emissions are then summ ed to the time of da y and daily level for reporting purposes.

Emission factors reflect two types of programs, the federally mandated motor vehicle emission control programs and the locally specific parameters for Atlanta.

Federal Programs Regional Parameters National Low Emission Vehicle Sta ndards Average Fuel Volatility Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Standards Vehicle Registration Information Tier 1 Emission Standards Ambient Weather Conditions Tier 2 Emission Standards 15 Inspection & Maintenance Program Low-Sulfur Georgia Gasoline 16

MOBILE6 estimates emissions for four types of "driving cycle" - arterial/collector, freeway, ramp, and local road. It is assume d that all VMT by motor vehicles will occur in one of these four driving cycles. Each driving cycle implies different assumptions about vehicle activity and different emission estimates in MOBILE6. The definitions of the different driving cycles from EPA's Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation 17 are given below.

Freeway Driving Cycle

In MOBILE6, "freeway" VMT refers to driving that occurs on roadways that do not have traffic signals, that usually have limited acces s (via converging ramps) and have free flow speeds greater than 50 miles per hour. These roadways are usually divided and have more than one lane in each direction. This definition does not include short sections (less than two miles) of a roadway between signals, but could include longer roadway segments that effectively act as freeways.

Arterial/Collector Driving Cycle

In MOBILE6, "arterial/collector" VMT refers to driving that occurs on roadways that have signalized traffic control. These road ways are not freeways, because they have traffic signals, but they may be divided, multip le lanes, one-way and have high free-flow speeds. However, traffic will be stopped periodically by traffic signals and will be further affected by access to the roadway by driveways and un-signaliz ed intersections. Even in free flow, the driving on arterial/collector roadways will be characterized by cruising periods interrupted by traffic signals.

Local Roadway Driving Cycle

15 (beginning with 2004 models)

16 when different from federal sulfur levels

17 http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/420r04013.pdf

U-10In MOBILE6, "local roadway" VMT refers to driving on roadways that are not normally considered as part of the traffic network. These roadways do not have traffic lights and rarely have more than one lane in each dire ction. They usually allow vehicle parking on the roadway surface and traffic control is hand led via stop/yield signs. Speed limits are normally 30 miles per hour or less. The dr iving cycle used in MOBILE6 to model local roadways is fixed at an average speed of 12.9 miles per hour. Driv ing on local roadways is characterized by extremely low speeds a nd frequent stops at intersections.

Freeway Ramp

In MOBILE6, "freeway ramp" VMT refers to the access roadways for freeways. It includes both traffic entering the freeway and exiting. Driving on freeway ramps is characterized by rapid acceleration from stop or low speeds to freeway speeds and decelerations from freeway speeds to low speeds or stop. Freeway ramp activity is not included in the MOBILE6 freeway roadway de finition. Therefore, all freeway activity must include a corresponding freeway ramp activity to account for acceleration and deceleration to and from freeway speeds.

Many areas do not explicitly account for freeway ramps as a separate roadway type so EPA developed a default ramp fraction (8% of freeway travel) for MOBILE6 users to account for this. This approach is not necessary for Atlanta's nonattainment area freeway emission estimates because freeway ramps ha ve been explicitly defined in the ARC highway network. Freeway ramps have been defi ned as separate facilities stratified by the type of design and speed, high, medium and lo w. High-speed ramps represent ramps that connect freeway-to-freeway travel, such as I-285 to I-85N, while the lower speed ramps are for access to a freeway from an arterial or egress from a freeway to an arterial. The high-speed ramps in the ARC model have sign ificantly higher free-flow speeds than the lower speed ramps and are not characterized by rapid acceleration or by deceleration from freeway speeds to low speeds or stops. Based on guidance from EPA, emissions for high-speed freeway ramps are estimate d using non-ramp freeway emission factors while emissions for lower speed freeway ramps are estimated using freeway ramp emission factors.

In MOBILE6, only arterial/collector and freew ay emissions are speed sensitive. Emission factors were produced for 2.5 miles per hour and, in one mile per hour increments, between 3 mph and 65 mph, inclusive, for these two driving cycles. The all-vehicles composite emission factors were used to deve lop the mobile source emissions inventories for the MVEB.

Emission factors are applied to travel model VMT based on the appropriate driving cycle and congested flow speed. The mapping of MOBILE6 roadway type to both HPMS functional class and ARC roadway facility type 18 used for the MVEB emissions modeling is shown in Tables C-5 and C-6, below. The appropriate MOBILE6 roadway

18 ARC uses a more refined breakdown of roadway types for travel demand modeling to enable a more accurate estimate of roadway volume s and speeds. ARC roadway types ar e referred to as Facility Types.

U-11type can be determined by us ing the facility type defini tions in the highway network except for the rural other principal arterial. EPA believes that facilities with the HPMS classification of rural other principal arteri al should be modeled us ing a combination of the freeway and ramp emission factors. EPA has recommended that the freeway emission factors be applied to 92% of the VMT while the ramp emission factors be applied for the remaining 8% of the VMT for th ese facilities. This is the only case where a combination of emission factors by drivi ng cycle is used for the same functional classification. In the ARC highway networks, f acilities with rural other principal arterial HPMS classifications have diffe rent facility types, ranging from expressway to different types of arterials. Within the ARC emissi ons modeling procedure, the HPMS functional classification, facility type, and free-flow speed for each link are checked to determine the appropriate MOBILE6 driving cycle for this category. Only links with a facility type of arterial or collector, an HP MS classification of rural other principal arterial, and a freeflow speed greater than 50 mph, will have the VMT adjusted based on the above criteria. Facilities with a freeway facili ty type and an HPMS classifi cation of rural other principal arterial will not be adjusted. Table U-5 lists the mapping of HPMS functional classes to MOBILE6 driving cycles and Table U-6 lists the mapping of the ARC facility types to the MOBILE6 driving cycles.



### Table U-5 HPMS Functional Classifications Mapped to MOBILE6 Driving Cycles

HPMS Highway Functional Syst em MOBILE6 Driving Cycle Rural interstate Freeway and freeway ramp Rural other principal arterial Freeway and freeway ramp Rural minor arterial Arterial/collector Rural major collector Arterial/collector Rural minor collector Arterial/collector Rural local Local Urban interstate Freeway and freeway ramp Urban other freeways Freeway and freeway ramp Urban other principal arte rial Arterial/collector Urban minor arterial Arterial/collector Urban collector Arterial/collector Urban local Local

U-12

### Table U-6 Listing of ARC Facility Type Classifications by MOBILE 6 Driving Cycles Facility Type Classification Code Area Type MOBILE6 Driving Cycle Interstate/Freeways 1 Urban/Rural Freeway Parkway 2 Urban/Rural Freeway HOV Buffer Separated 3 Urban/Rural Freeway HOV Barrier Separated High Speed Ramps/CD Roads 4 5 Urban/Rural Urban/Rural Freeway Freeway

Principal Arterial – Class I* 12 Ru ral Arterial/collector or Freeway and Ramp Principal Arterial – Class I 12 Urban Arterial/collector Principal Arterial – Class II* 13 Ru ral Arterial/collector or Freeway and Ramp Principal Arterial – Class II 13 Urban Arterial/collector Minor Arterials – Class I 14 Rural Arterial/collector Minor Arterials – Class I 14 Urban Arterial/collector Minor Arterials – Class II 15 Rural Arterial/collector HOV Arterials 16 Urban/Rural Arterial/collector Major Collector 17 Urban/Rural Arterial/collector Minor Collector 18 Urban/Ru ral Arterial/collector Medium Speed Ramp 6 Urban/Rural Ramp Low Speed Ramp 7 Urban/Rural Ramp Loop Ramp 8 Urban/Rural Ramp Off Ramp w/Intersectio n 9 Urban/Rural Ramp On Ramp w/Intersection 10 Urban/Rural Ramp Planned Ramps w/Intersections 19 Urban/Rural Ramp

Planned Directional Ramps 20 Urban/Rural Ramp Centroid Connectors 0 Urban/Rural Local *If HPMS classification is Rural Other Prin cipal Arterial and free-flow speed is >50 mph - 92% of VMT allocated to fr eeway while 8% allocated to ramp

Specific variables within the MOBILE6 inputs for the MVEB inventories are documented below.

• Ambient Weather Conditions MOBILE6 allows relative humidity and temperat ure to be input for each hour of the day, with a single entry for barome tric pressure. Hourly humidity and temperature inputs, and daily barometric pressure, were derive d from National Weather Service Local Climatological Data from the 10 days with th e highest ozone concentrations for the threeyear period 2000-2002. The hourly humidities a nd temperatures were averaged across the 10 days. The daily average barometric pres sures for the 10 days were also averaged. See Exhibit 1 for details.

U-13• Fleet Age Separate, area-specific regist ration distributions by age for the 13- and 7-county parts of the Atlanta ozone nonattainment area, develope d using registration data obtained from R.L. Polk & Company, 19 were modeled. In keeping with EPA guidance, 20 the MOBILE6 default distribution was used for th e heaviest (Class 8B) heavy-duty vehicles.

• Gasoline 21 The 2009 Attainment budget year mobile source emissions inventories for the Atlanta 8- hour ozone nonattainment area MVEB reflect th e effects of the low-sulfur and low RVP Phase 2 Georgia Gasoline required by state ru le in and near the nonattainment area. In addition, a 100% market share of 10% by volume ethanol blend (E10), with an RVP waiver, was assumed. Per Georgia's Gasoline Marketing Rule, 391-3-1-.02(2)(bbb), this waiver allows the RVP of ethanol-blend gasoline to rise as high as 8.0 psi.

• Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Program For 2009 mobile source emissions m odeling, the enhanced I/M program 22 in place in the 13-county part of the nonattainment area wa s modeled. This annual program requires onboard diagnostics system checks on 1996 and ne wer model year cars and light trucks, 2-mode ASM tests on 25-year-old through 1995 model year vehicles; a check for catalytic converter tampering on 25-year-old through 1995 model year vehicles; and a gas cap pressure test on all subject vehicles.

Additional detail related to development of emission factors used for the Ozone Attainment Plan emissions inventory is provided in Appendix U, Exhibit 3. 

## Emission Inventory Files

The MOBILE6 input variables are specified in the input files. Exhibit 5 contains abbreviated versions of the input files us ed to calculate emission factors for the 2009 nonattainment area MVEB inventories. There is a separate scenario in each input for

19 Registration data was from R. L. Polk & Co.'s National Vehicle Population Profile ® current as of October 2002 and from R. L. Polk & Co.'s TIPNet ® current as of March 2003. See Exhibit 2 for more details on the registration distributions by age.

20 "EPA encourages and recommends the use of actual locality-specific...registration distributions by age in the development of SIP emission inventories. One exception to this would be areas having relatively few local HDDV registrations, but significant interstate tr ucking activity within the local area. Such areas may want to retain and use the [MOBILE] national registration distributions." Section 2.2.3.6, User's Guide to MOBILE5

. 21 In 1999, Georgia's two-phase gasoline sulfur control program limited average sulfur in gasoline sold in the 13-county Atlanta area and in 12 surrounding counties to 150 parts per million (ppm). In addition, there is a seasonal (June 1 to September 15) 7.0 pounds per square inch (psi) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) cap on gasoline sold in this Phase 1 area. In 2003, Phase 2 of Geor gia's gasoline rule reduced average sulfur to 30 ppm and added 20 additional counties outside the 20-county ozone nonattainment area to the sulfur and (seasonal) RVP control program.

22 See Rules for Enhanced Inspection and Maintenance, Chapter 391-3-20, http://www.gaepd.org/Files_PDF/ rules/rules_exist/391-3-20.pdf

U-14each speed, with only the speed varying. To co nserve space, most of the speed scenarios are omitted from these inputs.

Exhibit 6 documents the calcula tions of the emissions reducti ons credit loss from the senior I/M exemption.

Loaded network files that list VMT, speeds, FIPS 23 code, facility type code, HPMS functional class code, VOC a nd NOx, etc., by time of day for each network link are produced by the emissions calculation model. These files were imported into database tables and daily emissions were then summari zed. The data tables and the SQL queries used to summarize 2009 link-level emissions ar e contained in a Mi crosoft Access file available on request.

23 Federal Information Processing Standard, a nu merical code indicating state and county.

U-15Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-1

Georgia's Revised MOBILE6 Regist ration Distributions by Age

Overview

R.L. Polk & Co. (Polk) maintains data bases encompassing all registered vehi cles in operation by state. Polk acquires the source registration data from the states a nd then processes and enhan ces the data. Key data elements Polk used for grouping vehicle registered in Georgia by their appropriate composite (i.e., gasoline and diesel) MOBILE6 vehicle types were: ve hicle make, vehicle model, engine ma ke, engine model, fuel type, cab type, bed length, wheel confi guration, vehicle type, gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) 24 class, model year, and registration geography (i.e., county).

Vehicle characteristic data elements used by Polk are derived from the unique 17 position vehicle identification number (VIN) assigned to every vehicle. Vehicle ge ography is assigned based on the registration address linked to each VIN.

In order to assign a MOBILE6 category to all registered vehicles, Polk c onstructed a master vehicle workfile using data from Polk’s TIPNet and NVPP databases. Th is master vehicle workfile accounts for all registered vehicles, including: cars, vans, spor t utility vehicles, trucks, buses, school buses, and motorcycles (GVWR classes 1-8 + motorcycle). The GVWR classes are:

Class 1 0 - 6,000 lbs. Class 2 6,001 - 10,000 lbs. Class 3 10,001 - 14,000 lbs. Class 4 14,001 - 16,000 lbs. Class 5 16,001 - 19,500 lbs. Class 6 19,501 - 26,000 lbs. Class 7 26,001 - 33,000 lbs. Class 8 33,001 - 150,000 lbs.

The TIPNet database contains vehicl es from full-size pickups/vans through class 8 (GVWR classes 1c-8), and is structured to serve the commercial vehicle market. Th e NVPP database contains ve hicles GVWR classes 1-3 and is designed to serve the car, light truck/van, and motorcycle aftermarket.

Using the data elements listed above, Polk assigned one of the 16 MOBILE6 cat egories to each of the vehicles in the workfile. Care was taken to assure that no make s and models are duplicated between the two databases. Note that the unit volume for same make/model ve hicles can be divided am ong two or more MOBILE6 categories due to varying vehicle types and GVWR classes within a specific make/model. TIPNet data supplies GVWR classes 1c-8 (full-size pickup s/vans & heavier), while NVPP data provides passenger car, motorcycle, light truck, and light vans from GVWR class 1.

24 The GVWR is the maximum weight of the vehicle when it is fully loaded, as speci fied by the manufacturer.Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-2

The 16 composite MOBILE6 vehicle types are listed and defi ned below, with examples of the types of vehicles they include.

Number Abbreviation Description

1 LDV Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) - Class 1 GVWR - Include: Passenger Cars - Fuel: All Types - Source: R.L. Polk NVPP as of October 2002

2 LDT1 Light-Duty Trucks 1 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 0-3,750 lbs. LVW 25 ) - Class 1 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Exclude Full-Size Pickups & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Source: R.L. Polk NVPP as of October 2002

3 LDT2 Light-Duty Trucks 2 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 3,751-5,750 lbs. LVW) - Class 1 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Include all Full-Size Pickups & Vans (e.g. 150/ 1500 series vehicles: F150, C/K 1500, E150, Ram 1500 etc.) - Include Vehicle Types: Incomplete Pickup + Cab Chassis - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003 & NVPP as of October 2002

4 LDT3 Light-Duty Trucks 3 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR, 0-5,750 lbs. ALVW 26 ) - Class 2 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - GVWR: 6,001-8,000 for Ford, Chevy, Dodge, plus all Toyota Tundra Models - Fuel: All Types - Exclude: Pickups with Long Bed or Vans with Extended Length (Except Tundra) - Exclude Vehicle Types: Incomplete Pickup + Cab Chassis + Incomplete Vehicle + Straight Truck + School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003 & NVPP as of October 2002

25 Loaded vehicle weight, the weight of vehicle sitting empty (curb weight) plus 300 pounds.

26 Adjusted loaded vehicle weight, average of th e gross vehicle weight and the curb weight.Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-3

Georgia's Revised MOBILE6 Registration Distribution by Age – continued

Number Abbreviation Description

5 LDT4 Light-Duty Trucks 4 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR, >5,750 lbs. ALVW) - Class 2 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - GVWR: 6,001-8,000 for Ford, Chevy, & Dodge - Exclude: all Toyota Tundra Models - Fuel: All Types - Include: Pickups with Long Bed or Vans with Extended Length - Include Vehicle Types: Incomplete Pickup + Cab Chassis + Incomplete Vehicle + Straight Truck - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

6 HDV2B Class 2b Heavy-Duty Vehicles (8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) - Class 2 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - GVWR: 8,001-10,000 for Ford, Chevy, & Dodge - Exclude: All Toyota Tundra Models - Fuel: All Types - Include: Pickups with Long Bed or Vans with Extended Length - Include Vehicle Types: Incomplete Pickup + Cab Chassis + Incomplete Vehicle + Straight Truck - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

7 HDV3 Class 3 Heavy-Duty Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) - Class 3 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

8 HDV4 Class 4 Heavy-Duty Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) - Class 4 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

9 HDV5 Class 5 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) - Class 5 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-4

Georgia's Revised MOBILE6 Registration Distribution by Age – continued

Number Abbreviation Description

10 HDV6 Class 6 Heavy-Duty Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) - Class 6 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

11 HDV7 Class 7 Heavy-Duty Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) - Class 7 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

12 HDV8A Class 8a Heavy-Duty Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) - Class 8 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Exclude Vehicle Types: School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Include Vehicle Types: 4x2 N on-Tractor Vehicles + All Trac tors + Motor Home Chassis - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

13 HDV8B Class 8b Heavy-Duty Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) - Class 8 GVWR - Trucks, SUVs, & Vans - Fuel: All Types - Exclude Vehicle Types: All Tractors + School Bus + Bus Non-School (Coach) - Exclude Wheels: 4x2 - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

14 HDBS School Buses - Include Vehicle Type: School Bus - Fuel: All Types - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003

15 HDBT Transit & Urban Buses - Include Vehicle Type: Bus Non-School (Coach) - Fuel: All Types - Source: R.L. Polk TIPNet as of March 2003Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-5

Georgia's Revised MOBILE6 Registration Distribution by Age – continued

Number Abbreviation Description

16 MC Motorcycles (All) - Fuel: All Types - Source: R.L. Polk NVPP as of October 2002

The data acquired from Polk was queried to determine the number of vehicles registered in the 13- and 7-county parts of the Atlanta ozone nonattainment area, and in the 139-county rest-of-stat e area, by age and MOBILE6 vehicle type. Results of these queries were used to develop MOBILE6 registration distribution by age inputs. For each of those three areas, for each of the 16 composite MOBILE6 vehicle types, the fraction of all vehicles of that type which are zero-to-one model year old, two model years old, three model years old, etc., up to the oldest category, 25-model-year s-and-older, was determined. The resu lting MOBILE6 input data is shown on the following seven pages. Note that the Polk-deriv ed distribution for Class 8b vehicles (MOBILE6 vehicle type 13) is commented out; MOBILE6 defaults were used for these.Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-6

REG DIST * * The file REGDATA.D contains the default MOBILE6 values for the distribution of * vehicles by age for July of any calendar year. There are sixteen (16) * sets of values representing 16 combined gasoline/diesel vehicle class * distributions. These distributions are split for gasoline and diesel * using the separate input (or default) values for diesel sales fractions. * Each distribution contains 25 values which represent the fraction of * all vehicles in that class (gasoline and diesel) of that age in July. * The first number is for age 1 (calendar year minus model year plus one) * and the last number is for age 25. The last age includes all vehicles * of age 25 or older. The first number in each distribution is an integer * which indicates which of the 16 vehicle classes are represented by the * distribution. The sixteen vehicle classes are: * * 1 LDV Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) * 2 LDT1 Light-Duty Trucks 1 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 0-3750 lbs. LVW) * 3 LDT2 Light Duty Trucks 2 (0-6,001 lbs. GVWR, 3751-5750 lbs. LVW) * 4 LDT3 Light Duty Trucks 3 (6,001-8500 lbs. GVWR, 0-3750 lbs. LVW) * 5 LDT4 Light Duty Trucks 4 (6,001-8500 lbs. GVWR, 3751-5750 lbs. LVW) * 6 HDV2B Class 2b Heavy Duty Vehicles (8501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) * 7 HDV3 Class 3 Heavy Duty Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) * 8 HDV4 Class 4 Heavy Duty Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) * 9 HDV5 Class 5 Heavy Duty Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) * 10 HDV6 Class 6 Heavy Duty Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) * 11 HDV7 Class 7 Heavy Duty Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) * 12 HDV8A Class 8a Heavy Duty Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) * 13 HDV8B Class 8b Heavy Duty Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) * 14 HDBS School Busses * 15 HDBT Transit and Urban Busses * 16 MC Motorcycles (All) * * The 25 age values are arranged in two rows of 10 values followed by a row * with the last 5 values. Comments (such as this one) are indicated by * an asterisk in the first column. Empty rows are ignored. Values are * read "free format," meaning any number may appear in any row with as * many characters as needed (including a decimal) as long as 25 values * follow the initial integer value separated by a space. * * If all 16 vehicle classes do not need to be altered from the default * values, then only the vehicle classes that need to be changed need to * be included in this file. The order in which the vehicle classes are * read does not matter, however each vehicle class set must contain 25 * values and be in the proper age order. * ___________________________________________________________________________ * * This file specifies the local registration distribution by age * (MOBILE6 defaults for heavy-heavy-duties) for the 13-county Atlanta * nonattainment area. * Sources of registration data: R. L. Polk & Co.'s National Vehicle * Population Profile (R) as of October 2002 and R. L. Polk & Co.'s * TIPNet (R) as of March 2003. * * LDV 1 0.0238 0.0712 0.0687 0.0771 0.0729 0.0671 0.0689 0.0656 0.0763 0.0618 0.0559 0.0461 0.0399 0.0370 0.0325 0.0267 0.0214 0.0166 0.0126 0.0089 0.0054 0.0032 0.0026 0.0023 0.0354

* LDT1 2 0.0307 0.1252 0.1152 0.1191 0.0915 0.0859 0.0689 0.0626 0.0596 0.0513 0.0412 0.0261 0.0227 0.0155 0.0163 0.0139 0.0122 0.0093 0.0058 0.0039 0.0023 0.0014 0.0009 0.0006 0.0178Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-7

* LDT2 3 0.0040 0.0132 0.0896 0.0494 0.0367 0.0774 0.1014 0.0002 0.0205 0.0378 0.0480 0.0415 0.0384 0.0566 0.0589 0.0649 0.0421 0.0538 0.0474 0.0395 0.0282 0.0227 0.0278 0.0000 0.0000

* LDT3 4 0.0627 0.1758 0.1558 0.1027 0.0921 0.0512 0.0582 0.0554 0.0554 0.0440 0.0229 0.0174 0.0111 0.0125 0.0135 0.0108 0.0115 0.0133 0.0122 0.0092 0.0058 0.0039 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000

* LDT4 5 0.0210 0.0636 0.0778 0.0756 0.0718 0.0501 0.0546 0.0552 0.0836 0.0737 0.0546 0.0449 0.0365 0.0440 0.0504 0.0385 0.0240 0.0214 0.0194 0.0191 0.0126 0.0050 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000

* HDV2B 6 0.0613 0.1508 0.1166 0.1022 0.0976 0.0405 0.0653 0.0484 0.0452 0.0337 0.0285 0.0195 0.0161 0.0194 0.0240 0.0264 0.0148 0.0223 0.0217 0.0170 0.0104 0.0097 0.0075 0.0002 0.0008

* HDV3 7 0.0436 0.1152 0.1269 0.1138 0.1180 0.0412 0.0567 0.0443 0.0518 0.0435 0.0272 0.0227 0.0190 0.0253 0.0266 0.0248 0.0182 0.0227 0.0156 0.0126 0.0062 0.0051 0.0031 0.0012 0.0147

* HDV4 8 0.0341 0.0879 0.1057 0.1360 0.1267 0.0529 0.0835 0.0551 0.0627 0.0406 0.0341 0.0191 0.0180 0.0216 0.0335 0.0282 0.0126 0.0084 0.0099 0.0086 0.0057 0.0037 0.0014 0.0003 0.0098

* HDV5 9 0.0554 0.1030 0.1239 0.1313 0.1482 0.0330 0.0683 0.0529 0.0484 0.0293 0.0218 0.0178 0.0079 0.0107 0.0075 0.0065 0.0111 0.0049 0.0045 0.0070 0.0050 0.0039 0.0065 0.0010 0.0901

* HDV6 10 0.0203 0.0362 0.0744 0.1076 0.1035 0.0801 0.0549 0.0462 0.0660 0.0355 0.0304 0.0249 0.0217 0.0202 0.0194 0.0250 0.0198 0.0179 0.0208 0.0148 0.0090 0.0082 0.0079 0.0051 0.1303

* HDV7 11 0.0765 0.0383 0.0646 0.0648 0.0639 0.0495 0.0357 0.0402 0.0622 0.0399 0.0341 0.0357 0.0426 0.0427 0.0601 0.0549 0.0356 0.0332 0.0364 0.0231 0.0113 0.0081 0.0106 0.0161 0.0200

* HDV8A 12 0.0588 0.0966 0.1287 0.0953 0.0880 0.0578 0.0489 0.0547 0.0514 0.0367 0.0390 0.0204 0.0180 0.0208 0.0292 0.0263 0.0276 0.0204 0.0321 0.0128 0.0071 0.0056 0.0057 0.0055 0.0127

* HDV8B *13 0.0288 0.0384 0.0796 0.0885 0.0852 0.0444 0.0576 0.0469 0.1047 0.0501 * 0.0455 0.0292 0.0343 0.0388 0.0286 0.0363 0.0197 0.0183 0.0251 0.0117 * 0.0053 0.0054 0.0057 0.0116 0.0601

* HDBS 14 0.0374 0.0570 0.0505 0.0734 0.0639 0.0734 0.0491 0.0664 0.0805 0.0243 0.0610 0.0473 0.0675 0.0771 0.0306 0.0506 0.0132 0.0104 0.0121 0.0097 0.0071 0.0049 0.0059 0.0078 0.0191

* HDBT 15 0.0029 0.0279 0.0999 0.1233 0.0602 0.0595 0.0426 0.0587 0.0206 0.0492 0.0286 0.0477 0.0066 0.1740 0.0382 0.0668 0.0125 0.0250 0.0117 0.0081Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-8

0.0125 0.0147 0.0088 0.0000 0.0000

* MC 16 0.0005 0.1005 0.1186 0.0993 0.0751 0.0612 0.0535 0.0478 0.0397 0.0362 0.0339 0.3336 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-9

REG DIST * * The file REGDATA.D contains the default MOBILE6 values for the distribution of * vehicles by age for July of any calendar year. There are sixteeen (16) * sets of values representing 16 combined gasoline/diesel vehicle class * distributions. These distributions are split for gasoline and diesel * using the separate input (or default) values for diesel sales fractions. * Each distribution contains 25 values which represent the fraction of * all vehicles in that class (gasoline and diesel) of that age in July. * The first number is for age 1 (calendar year minus model year plus one) * and the last number is for age 25. The last age includes all vehicles * of age 25 or older. The first number in each distribution is an integer * which indicates which of the 16 vehicle classes are represented by the * distribution. The sixteen vehicle classes are: * * 1 LDV Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) * 2 LDT1 Light-Duty Trucks 1 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 0-3750 lbs. LVW) * 3 LDT2 Light Duty Trucks 2 (0-6,001 lbs. GVWR, 3751-5750 lbs. LVW) * 4 LDT3 Light Duty Trucks 3 (6,001-8500 lbs. GVWR, 0-3750 lbs. LVW) * 5 LDT4 Light Duty Trucks 4 (6,001-8500 lbs. GVWR, 3751-5750 lbs. LVW) * 6 HDV2B Class 2b Heavy Duty Vehicles (8501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) * 7 HDV3 Class 3 Heavy Duty Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) * 8 HDV4 Class 4 Heavy Duty Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) * 9 HDV5 Class 5 Heavy Duty Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) * 10 HDV6 Class 6 Heavy Duty Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) * 11 HDV7 Class 7 Heavy Duty Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) * 12 HDV8A Class 8a Heavy Duty Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) * 13 HDV8B Class 8b Heavy Duty Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) * 14 HDBS School Busses * 15 HDBT Transit and Urban Busses * 16 MC Motorcycles (All) * * The 25 age values are arranged in two rows of 10 values followed by a row * with the last 5 values. Comments (such as this one) are indicated by * an asterisk in the first column. Empty rows are ignored. Values are * read "free format," meaning any number may appear in any row with as * many characters as needed (including a decimal) as long as 25 values * follow the initial integer value separated by a space. * * If all 16 vehicle classes do not need to be altered from the default * values, then only the vehicle classes that need to be changed need to * be included in this file. The order in which the vehicle classes are * read does not matter, however each vehicle class set must contain 25 * values and be in the proper age order. * ___________________________________________________________________________ * * This file specifies the local registration distribution by age * (MOBILE6 defaults for heavy-heavy-duties) for the 7 additional counties * in the Atlanta ozone nonattainment area under the 8-hour standard * (Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Hall, Newton, Spalding, and Walton) * * Sources of registration data: R. L. Polk & Co.'s National Vehicle * Population Profile (R) as of October 2002 and R. L. Polk & Co.'s * TIPNet (R) as of March 2003. * * LDV 1 0.0099 0.0441 0.0494 0.0577 0.0549 0.0531 0.0572 0.0576 0.0699 0.0611 0.0588 0.0504 0.0480 0.0450 0.0455 0.0401 0.0336 0.0293 0.0257 0.0197 0.0122 0.0070 0.0065 0.0056 0.0576

* LDT1 2 0.0179 0.0888 0.0813 0.0871 0.0705 0.0729 0.0612 0.0594 0.0613 0.0590 0.0512 0.0359 0.0337 0.0242 0.0302 0.0290 0.0254 0.0218 0.0162 0.0127Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-10

0.0079 0.0046 0.0029 0.0028 0.0422

* LDT2 3 0.0009 0.0039 0.0178 0.0190 0.0232 0.0535 0.0785 0.0000 0.0150 0.0355 0.0458 0.0422 0.0435 0.0647 0.0700 0.0807 0.0526 0.0732 0.0742 0.0645 0.0474 0.0423 0.0514 0.0000 0.0000

* LDT3 4 0.0421 0.1078 0.0988 0.0847 0.0936 0.0581 0.0639 0.0679 0.0712 0.0577 0.0301 0.0245 0.0148 0.0166 0.0215 0.0186 0.0206 0.0276 0.0281 0.0221 0.0137 0.0090 0.0068 0.0000 0.0002

* LDT4 5 0.0067 0.0308 0.0415 0.0532 0.0562 0.0408 0.0455 0.0530 0.0788 0.0732 0.0581 0.0550 0.0408 0.0557 0.0738 0.0643 0.0293 0.0355 0.0337 0.0333 0.0251 0.0097 0.0057 0.0000 0.0000

* HDV2B 6 0.0380 0.0608 0.0692 0.0790 0.0900 0.0308 0.0712 0.0645 0.0594 0.0450 0.0419 0.0273 0.0209 0.0239 0.0388 0.0421 0.0245 0.0366 0.0406 0.0341 0.0234 0.0188 0.0172 0.0003 0.0018

* HDV3 7 0.0309 0.0819 0.1181 0.0912 0.1191 0.0354 0.0470 0.0409 0.0529 0.0319 0.0319 0.0287 0.0237 0.0282 0.0295 0.0297 0.0262 0.0384 0.0320 0.0264 0.0102 0.0078 0.0057 0.0030 0.0297

* HDV4 8 0.0186 0.0393 0.0464 0.0813 0.0968 0.0416 0.0840 0.0579 0.0778 0.0615 0.0371 0.0323 0.0323 0.0358 0.0566 0.0526 0.0248 0.0168 0.0195 0.0199 0.0168 0.0088 0.0062 0.0004 0.0349

* HDV5 9 0.0275 0.0344 0.0516 0.0938 0.1188 0.0181 0.0723 0.0491 0.0430 0.0267 0.0181 0.0155 0.0112 0.0103 0.0060 0.0103 0.0189 0.0164 0.0112 0.0181 0.0155 0.0086 0.0215 0.0009 0.2823

* HDV6 10 0.0086 0.0166 0.0350 0.0472 0.0555 0.0377 0.0306 0.0276 0.0489 0.0316 0.0225 0.0230 0.0196 0.0247 0.0196 0.0264 0.0250 0.0296 0.0338 0.0247 0.0174 0.0161 0.0139 0.0100 0.3545

* HDV7 11 0.0119 0.0222 0.0245 0.0431 0.0542 0.0435 0.0392 0.0447 0.0566 0.0392 0.0328 0.0356 0.0451 0.0558 0.0392 0.0550 0.0534 0.0506 0.0550 0.0324 0.0237 0.0214 0.0281 0.0380 0.0550

* HDV8A 12 0.0392 0.0365 0.0371 0.0775 0.0859 0.0669 0.0515 0.0606 0.0775 0.0546 0.0513 0.0309 0.0274 0.0358 0.0413 0.0443 0.0311 0.0276 0.0267 0.0232 0.0102 0.0111 0.0104 0.0109 0.0302

* HDV8B *13 0.0159 0.0295 0.0577 0.0759 0.0632 0.0577 0.0622 0.0582 0.0618 0.0473 * 0.0227 0.0159 0.0241 0.0204 0.0236 0.0395 0.0336 0.0254 0.0391 0.0350 * 0.0091 0.0132 0.0182 0.0209 0.1299

* HDBS 14 0.0705 0.0158 0.0735 0.0668 0.0720 0.0630 0.0285 0.0923 0.1005 0.0045 0.0398 0.0330 0.0443 0.0705 0.0338 0.0690 0.0158 0.0128 0.0158 0.0105 0.0120 0.0090 0.0090 0.0083 0.0293

* HDBTAppendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-11

15 0.0000 0.0392 0.1078 0.0784 0.0392 0.0686 0.0196 0.1961 0.0980 0.0392 0.0490 0.0196 0.0196 0.0098 0.0196 0.0000 0.0196 0.0098 0.0098 0.0196 0.0098 0.0784 0.0490 0.0000 0.0000

* MC 16 0.0005 0.0984 0.1081 0.0942 0.0741 0.0577 0.0549 0.0472 0.0387 0.0364 0.0263 0.3635 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-12

REG DIST * * The file REGDATA.D contains the default MOBILE6 values for the distribution of * vehicles by age for July of any calendar year. There are sixteeen (16) * sets of values representing 16 combined gasoline/diesel vehicle class * distributions. These distributions are split for gasoline and diesel * using the separate input (or default) values for diesel sales fractions. * Each distribution contains 25 values which represent the fraction of * all vehicles in that class (gasoline and diesel) of that age in July. * The first number is for age 1 (calendar year minus model year plus one) * and the last number is for age 25. The last age includes all vehicles * of age 25 or older. The first number in each distribution is an integer * which indicates which of the 16 vehicle classes are represented by the * distribution. The sixteen vehicle classes are: * * 1 LDV Light-Duty Vehicles (Passenger Cars) * 2 LDT1 Light-Duty Trucks 1 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 0-3750 lbs. LVW) * 3 LDT2 Light Duty Trucks 2 (0-6,001 lbs. GVWR, 3751-5750 lbs. LVW) * 4 LDT3 Light Duty Trucks 3 (6,001-8500 lbs. GVWR, 0-3750 lbs. LVW) * 5 LDT4 Light Duty Trucks 4 (6,001-8500 lbs. GVWR, 3751-5750 lbs. LVW) * 6 HDV2B Class 2b Heavy Duty Vehicles (8501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) * 7 HDV3 Class 3 Heavy Duty Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) * 8 HDV4 Class 4 Heavy Duty Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) * 9 HDV5 Class 5 Heavy Duty Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) * 10 HDV6 Class 6 Heavy Duty Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) * 11 HDV7 Class 7 Heavy Duty Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) * 12 HDV8A Class 8a Heavy Duty Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) * 13 HDV8B Class 8b Heavy Duty Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) * 14 HDBS School Busses * 15 HDBT Transit and Urban Busses * 16 MC Motorcycles (All) * * The 25 age values are arranged in two rows of 10 values followed by a row * with the last 5 values. Comments (such as this one) are indicated by * an asterisk in the first column. Empty rows are ignored. Values are * read "free format," meaning any number may appear in any row with as * many characters as needed (including a decimal) as long as 25 values * follow the initial integer value separated by a space. * * If all 16 vehicle classes do not need to be altered from the default * values, then only the vehicle classes that need to be changed need to * be included in this file. The order in which the vehicle classes are * read does not matter, however each vehicle class set must contain 25 * values and be in the proper age order. * ___________________________________________________________________________ * * This file specifies the local registration distribution by age * (MOBILE6 defaults for heavy-heavy-duties) for the 139 Georgia counties * outside the 20-county Atlanta nonattainment area. Sources of registration * data: R. L. Polk & Co.'s National Vehicle Population Profile (R) as of * October 2002 and R. L. Polk & Co.'s TIPNet (R) as of March 2003. * * LDV 1 0.0102 0.0408 0.0473 0.0575 0.0571 0.0543 0.0601 0.0588 0.0718 0.0625 0.0608 0.0535 0.0487 0.0447 0.0450 0.0393 0.0325 0.0277 0.0249 0.0195 0.0120 0.0072 0.0064 0.0056 0.0515

* LDT1 2 0.0166 0.0785 0.0744 0.0845 0.0689 0.0715 0.0618 0.0607 0.0619 0.0600 0.0523 0.0379 0.0360 0.0258 0.0325 0.0314 0.0282 0.0240 0.0175 0.0142 0.0085 0.0052 0.0033 0.0032 0.0412

* LDT2Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-13

3 0.0007 0.0022 0.0129 0.0161 0.0191 0.0483 0.0713 0.0001 0.0135 0.0354 0.0507 0.0470 0.0470 0.0741 0.0782 0.0797 0.0504 0.0739 0.0708 0.0643 0.0486 0.0440 0.0519 0.0000 0.0000

* LDT3 4 0.0383 0.0965 0.0928 0.0861 0.0941 0.0614 0.0683 0.0709 0.0781 0.0609 0.0343 0.0260 0.0157 0.0182 0.0210 0.0193 0.0200 0.0251 0.0249 0.0202 0.0131 0.0083 0.0064 0.0000 0.0001

* LDT4 5 0.0106 0.0270 0.0422 0.0560 0.0592 0.0440 0.0484 0.0515 0.0786 0.0735 0.0624 0.0557 0.0449 0.0593 0.0679 0.0558 0.0305 0.0322 0.0297 0.0326 0.0213 0.0105 0.0062 0.0000 0.0000

* HDV2B 6 0.0343 0.0568 0.0680 0.0751 0.0829 0.0274 0.0751 0.0576 0.0554 0.0462 0.0415 0.0317 0.0238 0.0279 0.0421 0.0444 0.0306 0.0432 0.0415 0.0358 0.0213 0.0184 0.0167 0.0004 0.0017

* HDV3 7 0.0282 0.0657 0.0937 0.0837 0.1077 0.0329 0.0503 0.0423 0.0555 0.0430 0.0382 0.0309 0.0263 0.0332 0.0361 0.0368 0.0350 0.0426 0.0295 0.0263 0.0127 0.0102 0.0068 0.0022 0.0302

* HDV4 8 0.0128 0.0392 0.0491 0.0741 0.0799 0.0424 0.0780 0.0442 0.0756 0.0521 0.0483 0.0348 0.0342 0.0455 0.0654 0.0577 0.0308 0.0174 0.0258 0.0251 0.0132 0.0110 0.0055 0.0000 0.0381

* HDV5 9 0.0226 0.0386 0.0424 0.0636 0.0905 0.0203 0.0606 0.0476 0.0438 0.0267 0.0161 0.0180 0.0121 0.0152 0.0074 0.0122 0.0128 0.0087 0.0105 0.0121 0.0112 0.0079 0.0128 0.0015 0.3850

* HDV6 10 0.0096 0.0173 0.0199 0.0458 0.0461 0.0361 0.0272 0.0257 0.0384 0.0239 0.0217 0.0218 0.0195 0.0194 0.0191 0.0260 0.0257 0.0274 0.0272 0.0240 0.0163 0.0171 0.0144 0.0121 0.4183

* HDV7 11 0.0121 0.0201 0.0294 0.0442 0.0409 0.0350 0.0334 0.0387 0.0588 0.0382 0.0326 0.0343 0.0407 0.0535 0.0462 0.0548 0.0520 0.0523 0.0549 0.0492 0.0223 0.0218 0.0285 0.0390 0.0673

* HDV8A 12 0.0243 0.0195 0.0348 0.0699 0.0613 0.0632 0.0526 0.0697 0.0814 0.0646 0.0587 0.0396 0.0345 0.0390 0.0495 0.0452 0.0377 0.0292 0.0311 0.0257 0.0115 0.0094 0.0110 0.0087 0.0278

* HDV8B *13 0.0190 0.0208 0.0377 0.0583 0.0613 0.0485 0.0453 0.0485 0.0576 0.0426 * 0.0352 0.0187 0.0283 0.0214 0.0348 0.0458 0.0335 0.0315 0.0355 0.0350 * 0.0146 0.0139 0.0182 0.0275 0.1662

* HDBS 14 0.0340 0.0471 0.0634 0.0589 0.0528 0.0491 0.0649 0.0528 0.0692 0.0343 0.0614 0.0534 0.0691 0.0693 0.0346 0.0534 0.0157 0.0172 0.0161 0.0131 0.0132 0.0094 0.0091 0.0093 0.0295

* HDBT 15 0.0677 0.0501 0.0265 0.0383 0.0427 0.0324 0.0619 0.0574 0.0236 0.0353 0.0471 0.0295 0.0471 0.0339 0.0619 0.0412 0.0353 0.0236 0.0353 0.0574 0.0442 0.0545 0.0530 0.0000 0.0000Appendix U, Exhibit 2 U2-14

* MC 16 0.0006 0.0906 0.1056 0.0867 0.0727 0.0544 0.0499 0.0490 0.0406 0.0364 0.0310 0.3825 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Appendix U, Exhibit 3

Emissions Modeli ng Assumptions Used to Develop Motor Vehicl e Emission Budgets for the Atlanta Eight-Hour Ozone 15% R easonable Further Progress Plan and Attainment Demonstration

On April 30, 2004, the United States Envir onmental Protection Agency designated 20 counties within the metropolitan Atlanta ar ea as a "marginal" nonattainment under the eight-hour ozone standard. The eight-hour ozone nonattainment area encompasses the previous 13-county one-hour ozone nonattainme nt area plus seven additional "ring" counties: Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Hall, Newton, Spalding, and Walton. With an attainment deadline of June 15, 2007, marginal 8-hour ozone areas were required to attain the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) by the 2006 ozone season. Because monitoring data from the 2006 ozone season indicated that Atlanta had not attained the NAAQS, the area was reclassifi ed to "moderate"). Regional emissions inventories for the 20-county eight-hour ozone nonattainment area are needed to develop Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (MVEB) fo r NOx and VOC as part of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions that wi ll demonstrate reasonabl e further progress towards attainment and modeled attainment of th e eight-hour ozone standa rd in Atlanta.

In ozone nonattainment areas with air quality classified as "moderate" or worse, the reasonable further progress (RFP) requirement established in Secti on 182(b) of the CAA prescribes emission reductions from the base line totaling 15% within six years of the base year (i.e., by the end of 2008 for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS). MVEB are being established for the year 2 008, the RFP milestone year. Separate MVEB are being established for 2009, the last full ozone season before the June 15, 2010, "maximum attainment date" for a moderate ozone area. Be low is a detailed listing of the procedures and planning assumptions that were used for the regional emissions inventories to support MVEB development. This document was submitted to the Interagency Consultation Group, in accordance with Section 93.105(b) of the Transportation Conformity Rule and Sections 106(g) and 106(h) of Georgia's tr ansportation conformity SIP, all of which require interagency consultation for SIP development, on October 28, 2008.

Section 1: General Meth ods and Assumptions

• Regional emissions inventories completed to establish MVEB for Atlanta Eight-Hour Ozone 15% RFP Plan and Attainment Demonstration

• Emissions Modeling Methodology

o Eight-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area:

 Existing ARC link-level travel demand and emissions modeling process for 20-county Atlanta ozone nonattainment area

U3-1Section 2: Travel Demand Modeling Assumptions

• Calibration Year: 2000

• Project Listing:

o As approved in Envision6 2030 RTP a nd 2008-2013 TIP; adopted by the ARC Board September 26, 2007; and received a positive conformity determination from USDOT October 10, 2007

o As approved in 2030 LRTP and 2008-2013 TIP; adopted by GHMPO Board August 14, 2007; and received a positive c onformity determination from USDOT October 10, 2007

o Project coding for network years 2005 and 2010 reviewed by state and local project sponsors in March and Apr il 2007 as part of Envision6 2030 RTP/FY 2008-2013 TIP development

 Year 2008 and 2009 networks needed fo r budget inventories derived from 2010 travel model network

• Travel demand model refinements implemen ted as part of model expansion to 20 counties, from the previous 13-county platform:

o Mode choice model updated to improve performance of suburban intra-county trips

o Attraction share model incorporated into four-step modeling process

o New commercial vehicle and truck m odel developed to improve traffic assignment for both passenger vehicles and truck traffic

• Demographic Data: See "Demographic Da ta Used to Develop Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets for the Atlant a Attainment Demonstrations"

• Speed Data: Free-flow Speed by Ar ea Type and Facility Type

Note: Within the ARC travel demand a nd emission modeling process, free flow speeds are adjusted to refl ect the increase in delay a nd travel time on a roadway segment as traffic volumes build and c ongestion levels increase. Link-level congested flow speeds are used to estimate mobile source emissions, consistent with the requirements of Sections 93.122(b)(1)( iv) and 93.122(b)(2) of the Transportation Conformity Rule.

U3-2Free Flow Speed by Area Type and Facility Type Area Type

Facility Type Urban Very High Density Urban High Density Urban Medium Density Urban Low Density Suburban Ex urban Rural Metered Ramps 0 Zone Centroid Connectors 7 11 11 11 11 14 14

1 Interstate / Freeway Free Flow 55 58 58 61 61 63 65 2 Parkway 50 50 55 55 57 60 60 3 HOV Buffer Separated 55 58 58 61 61 63 65 4 HOV Barrier Separated 55 58 58 61 61 63 65

5 High Speed Ramp / CD Road 50 50 55 55 57 60 60 15 6 Medium Speed Ramp 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 10 7 Low Speed Ramp 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 10 8 Loop Ramp 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 10 9 Off Ramp w/ Intersection 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 10 On Ramp w/ Intersection 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 5 11 Expressway 40 42 45 48 52 55 60 12 Principal Arterial - Class I 26 30 33 36 42 46 55 13 Principal Arterial - Class II 24 27 30 34 40 44 48 14 Minor Arterial - Class I 22 25 28 31 38 42 45 15 Minor Arterial - Class II 20 23 26 29 34 38 42 16 HOV - Arterial (all classes) 20 27 30 33 36 39 42 17 Major Collector 18 22 25 28 31 34 38 18 Minor Collector 15 18 21 24 27 30 35

19 Planned Ramps w/ Intersections 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 5 20 Planned Directional Ramps 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 10

• Transit Modeling

o Model recalibrated to 2000 transit ridership estimates, provided by transit operators

o Reflects results from Transit On Board Survey

o Routes updated to reflect current operating plans

o Transit mode split is estimated using the mode choice model

 Estimates individual modal trips from th e person trip movements developed in the trip distribution model.

 Composed of three nested logit models:

• Home based work trips, which incl udes home based university trips;

• Home based other trips, which include home based other, home based shopping and home based grade school; and

• Non-home based trips.

 The mode choice models is organized in terms of seven characteristics:

• Mathematical structure;

• Trip purposes and choice sets;

• Limitations on choice sets;

• Analysis of transit access;

• Treatment of HOV lanes;

U3-3• Stratification by income groups; and

• Analysis of alternative transit paths.

o Transit Fare Modeling

 Fare structure and operating plans su pplied by the local transit operators

• Fares remain constant over time, across all network years

• Fares reflect current transit operating plans

 Transit fare structure uses a fare ma trix on a zone to zone level with a universal fare structure (flat fare) for all bus and rail lines

• Changes to the existing fare struct ure and service frequency are coded directly into the model

• Current fare values in the model are weighted according to the percentage of riders using a discounted fare pass; changes to these assumptions can be incorporated directly into the model

• Peak and off-peak fares are equivalent

Section 3: Emissions Modeling Assumptions

• Emission Factor Model: MOBILE6.2.03

• MOBILE6.2.03 Inputs (13-county portion)

o Average hourly temperature, humidity, and average barometric pressure for the 10 highest ozone days during 2000-2002

o Stage II refueling

 Started in 1992

 Three phase in years

 81% efficiency

o Anti-tampering program

 Started in 1982

 Covers model years 1975 – 1995

 All LDG vehicle types are covered

 Annual program

 97% compliance

 Catalyst removal only

o I/M Program

 Exhaust and Evaporative (OBD and gas cap pressure test) for 1996 and newer vehicles

• Began in 1982

• Annual inspection required

• Computerized test and repair OBD – Exhaust

• Computerized test and repair OBD & GC - Evaporative

• Applies to all LDG vehicle types

• Three year grace period

• 3% waiver rate for all vehicles – Exhaust test

• 0% waiver rate for all ve hicles – Evaporative test

• 97% compliance

U3-4 Exhaust and Evaporative test for 1975 – 1995 vehicles

• Began in 1982

• Annual inspection required

• Computerized test and repair ASM 2525/5015 Phase-in – Exhaust

• Computerized test and re pair GC – Evaporative

• Applies to all LDG vehicle types

• 3% waiver rate for all vehicles – Exhaust

• 0% waiver rate for all vehicles – Evaporative

• 97% compliance

• 25 year and older model years are exempt

o Fuel 27

 Low Sulfur, Low RVP Geor gia Gasoline Phase 2

• 100% market share of 10% ethano l-blend gasoline (E10) assumed

• volatility waiver for E10 allows 8.0 psi RVP

o 2002 regional fleet age distribution

 Derived from R.L. Polk & Co. re gistration data for 13-county area

 Applied to 15 of the 16 MOBILE6.2.03 composite vehicle classifications - LDV, LDT1, LDT2, LDT3, LDT4, HDV2B, HDV3, HDV4, HDV5, HDV6, HDV7, HDV8A, HDBS, HDBT, MC

• Default for HDV8B

o Default VMT fractions

• MOBILE6.2.03 Inputs (7-county portion)

o Same temperature, humidity, and barometr ic pressure inputs as 13-county area

o No Stage II refueling

o No anti-tampering program

o No I/M program

o Fuel

 Same as 13-county area

o 2002 regional fleet age distribution

 Derived from R.L. Polk & Co. re gistration data for 7-county area

 Applied to 15 of the 16 MOBILE6.2.03 composite vehicle classifications - LDV, LDT1, LDT2, LDT3, LDT4, HDV2B, HDV3, HDV4, HDV5, HDV6, HDV7, HDV8A, HDBS, HDBT, MC

• Default for HDV8B

o Default VMT fractions

• VMT adjustment factors

o Adjusts link-level VMT produced by trav el model for ozone precursor emissions modeling:

U3-5 27 In 2002, Georgia's two-phase gasoline sulfur control program limited average sulfur in gasoline sold in the 13-county Atlanta area and in 12 surrounding counties to 150 parts per million (ppm). In addition, there is a seasonal (June 1 to September 15) 7.0 pounds per square inch (psi) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) cap on gasoline sold in this Phase 1 area. In 2003, Phase 2 of Geor gia's gasoline rule reduced average sulfur to 30 ppm and added 20 additional counties outside the 20-county ozone nonattainment area to the sulfur and RVP control program. HPMS adjustment in base year of calibration, year 2000, in accordance with Section 93.122(b)(3) of the Trans portation Conformity Rule which recommends that HPMS adjustment fact ors be developed to reconcile travel model estimates of VMT in base year of calibration to HPMS estimates for the same period 28

 Summer (seasonal) adjustment to c onvert from average annual VMT to summer-season VMT 29

 Factors applied to VMT estimates gene rated by ARC travel demand model for 13-county and 7-county portions of 20-c ounty nonattainment area, separately

VMT Adjustment Factors – 13 County Portion Functional Class Name Factor Rural Interstate 0.67 Rural Prin. Arterial 1.02 Rural Min. Arterial 1.16 Rural Major Collector 0.88 Rural Minor Collector 1.07 Rural Local 0.64 Urb. Interstate 1.05 Urb. Other Fwy 2.44 Urb. Prin. Arterial 0.67 Urb. Min. Arterial 1.21 Urbanized Collector 1.21

Urbanized Local 0.95

VMT Adjustment Factors – 7 County Portion Functional Class Name Factor Rural Interstate 0.89 Rural Prin. Arterial 0.99 Rural Min. Arterial 0.98 Rural Major Collector 1.81 Rural Minor Collector 1.81 Rural Local 1.10 Urb. Interstate 0.86 Urb. Other Fwy 0.85 Urb. Prin. Arterial 0.97 Urb. Min. Arterial 0.96 Urbanized Collector 1.80

Urbanized Local 1.06

• Off-Model Calculations

o The Senior I/M Exemption emissions de bit calculated for 2002 was considered conservatively high and was also added to the 2008 and 2009 budget year inventories

28 40 CFR Part 93.122(b)(3) 29 Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources , Section 3.4.2.6, EPA420- R-92-009, USEPA Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Mobile Sources, 1992.

U3-6Appendix U, Exhibit 4

Demographic Data Used to Develop Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets for the Atlanta Attainment Demonstrations

ARC periodically revises its population a nd employment forecasts based on best available current information. E ach revision is a two-step proc ess. First, new region-level forecasts are produced. These then become region-level controls for census tract and traffic analysis zone (TAZ) forecasts.

The most current region-level control forecasts were completed in 2006. The accompanying table summarizes the new popul ation and employment controls for the enlarged, 20-county study area.

ARC staff were assisted in the development of these forecasts by a Technical Advisory Committee of local experts on the Atlanta Regional Economy. Chair of the Committee was Donald Ratajczak, Professor Emeritus, Geor gia State University, and former Chair of the GSU Economic Forecasting Center. The committee recommended the final forecasts for use by the Commission.

The second step in the forecasting process uses mathematical models to disaggregate the region-level control fore casts to the census tract and TAZ level. TAZs are subdivisions of

census tracts.

The DRAM/EMPAL models used to disaggregat e the regional controls are iterative over a 5-year time period. Starting with the 2000 base, each successive 5-year forecast becomes the base for the next. First, the C ube/TP+ model analyzes base year traffic patterns and produces accessibility measures within the 20-county forecast area. Then, the DRAM/EMPAL models use that accessibilit y measure plus information on base-year population, employment and land use distributions to develop tract-le vel forecasts of those variables five years in the future. A Z onal Allocation Procedure is then used to split each tract-level forecast into the TAZs. These TAZ forecasts then become the input used by the Cube/TP+ model to produce the accessi bility measures that drive the next iteration.

All these models are carefully calibrated ba sed on the best and most current data available. Data used in the current effort include 2000 United States Census results, ARC estimates of employment by industry for tracts and TAZs, national forecasts of employment and population produced by Ec onomy.Com, employment estimates and forecasts produced by the Georgia Department of Labor, results of ARC travel surveys including the SMARTRAQ household travel surv ey, transit on-board survey, Hartsfield air passenger survey, travel time studies, sp eed studies, and others. Highway projects and the schedule for their comple tion (primary inputs to the Cube/TP+ model) are developed as part of an extensive discussion between ARC staff, local planners, Georgia Department of Transportation and various federal agencies.

U4-1The expansion of the study-area from 13 to 20 counties required extensive effort to develop the modeling database for the 7 new counties. This expansion was expected, so in 2001 ARC produced year 2000 employment estimates by census tract for 12 nonmember counties in addition to those for its 10 member counties. Land-use data for the additional counties was produced using aerial photography taken in 2000. Population data for these counties were compiled from 2000 Census results. ARC’s Cube/TP+ travel demand model was expanded to cover the ne w study area and was used to produce the year 2000 travel-cost estimates required to calibrate these models.

ARC also produced tract-level 2005 estimates of population and employment for the 20- county study area. These estimates suppl emented the first iteration of the DRAM/EMPAL model. Development of th e 2005 estimates and of the year 2000 calibration database for the non-member count ies was coordinated with the affected county governments and the Regional Developmen t Centers of which they are members.

Adjustments are made to the ARC forecasts to account for expected changes that would not be apparent from historic al data. Some, like expected construction of a new highway or the restriction of development in a wate rshed area, are accounted for directly in the models. Others such as the completion of a major development proj ect (Atlantic Station, for example) are incorporated as adjustments to the model output.

The forecasts were used as part of the Envision6 RTP/FY 2008-2013 TIP, adopted by the ARC Board on September 26, 2007.

U4-2U4-3U4-4 

### 20-County Regional Control Forecasts



### Year Total Population Total Employment 1990 3,054,230 1,954,801 1995 3,575,441 2,295,762 2000 4,228,400 2,800,657 2005 4,791,000 2,920,855 2010 5,095,900 3,231,882 2015 5,499,600 3,601,467 2020 5,923,800 3,986,191 2025 6,382,800 4,406,078 2030 6,972,200 4,887,617

2035 7,698,700 5,322,247

Notes:

1. Population for 1990 and 2000 are U. S Ce nsus counts. Population for 1995 and 2005 are estimates produced by the Atlanta Regional Commission. 2. Employment for 1990, 1995 and 2000 are estimates by the U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 3. The employment shown in this table will differ from that in the small area forecasts because this series includes propr ietors. Small area data on proprietors is not available.Appendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-1

* * 7-1-09, 13 nonattainment counties, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09ar13e2.in) * MOBILE6 INPUT FILE :

POLLUTANTS : HC CO NOx

RUN DATA

* next lines show average hourly temp. for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000- 2002 HOURLY TEMPERATURES: 74 77 81 84 86 88 90 91 92 92 91 90 88 86 83 82 80 78 76 75 74 73 72 72

* Reid vapor pressure of 7.0 psi is a requirement for Georgia gasoline, Phases 1 and 2 FUEL RVP : 7.0

* the 2000 through 2002 sulfur levels below are for the 25-county (Phase 1) * Georgia gasoline control area (includes 13-county Atlanta nonattainment * area plus 12 other counties) FUEL PROGRAM : 4 150.0 150.0 150.0 90.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 150.0 150.0 87.0 87.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0

STAGE II REFUELING : 92 3 81. 81.

* According to section 2.8.9.3 of "User's Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile * Source Emission Factor Model" (http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/420r03010.pdf) * "All 1996 and newer model year vehicles are assumed to have negligible tampering * effects. As a result, there is no tampering reduction benefit associated with the * 1996 and newer vehicles." ANTI-TAMP PROG : 82 75 95 22222 11111111 1 11 097. 12111111

* The external data file "im-info.d" is for 2002 and later evaluation dates; * "iminfo-p.d" is identical to "im-info.d" but with phase-in ASM cutpoints I/M DESCRIPT FILE : iminfo-p.d

REG DIST : 02regis2.d *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : arterial, Atlanta 13, 2009, 2.5 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09ar13e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 * next lines show average hourly rel. humidity for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000-2002 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 * next line shows average daily barometric pressure for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000-2002 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 * % o2 mrktAppendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-2

OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 * next line allows 1 psi increase to gasoline's Reid vapor pressure RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 * the following information on conventional gasoline parameters * is from Table B-5 in EPA's staff white paper on "boutique fuels" * (EPA420-P-01-004, Oct 2001, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/p01004.pdf) GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 2.5 Arterial 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : arterial, Atlanta 13, 2009, 3 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09ar13e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 3 Arterial 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * [scenarios for 4 mph through 64 mph not shown] *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : arterial, Atlanta 13, 2009, 65 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09ar13e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 65 Arterial 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ *Appendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-3

SCENARIO REC : local, Atlanta 13, 2009, no speed input > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09ar13e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 * * Note that 12.9 is the default MOBILE6 average speed for local streets. AVERAGE SPEED : 12.9 local *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : ramps, Atlanta 13, 2009, no speed input > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09ar13e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 * * Note that 34.6 is the default MOBILE6 average speed for ramps. AVERAGE SPEED : 34.6 ramp

END OF RUNAppendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-4

* * 7-1-09, 7 nonattainment counties, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09art7e2.in) * MOBILE6 INPUT FILE :

POLLUTANTS : HC CO NOx

RUN DATA

* next lines show average hourly temp. for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000- 2002 HOURLY TEMPERATURES: 74 77 81 84 86 88 90 91 92 92 91 90 88 86 83 82 80 78 76 75 74 73 72 72

* Reid vapor pressure of 7.0 psi is a requirement for Georgia gasoline, Phases 1 and 2 FUEL RVP : 7.0

[redundant comments not shown]

FUEL PROGRAM : 4 150.0 150.0 150.0 90.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 150.0 150.0 87.0 87.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0

REG DIST : 02atl_7.d *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : arterial, Atlanta 7, 2009, 2.5 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09art7e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 * next lines show average hourly rel. humidity for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000-2002 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 * next line shows average daily barometric pressure for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000-2002 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 * % o2 mrkt OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 * next line allows 1 psi increase to gasoline's Reid vapor pressure RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 [redundant comments not shown]

GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 2.5 Arterial 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : arterial, Atlanta 7, 2009, 3 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09art7e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7Appendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-5

RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 3 Arterial 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * [scenarios for 4 mph through 64 mph not shown] *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : arterial, Atlanta 7, 2009, 65 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09art7e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 65 Arterial 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : local, Atlanta 7, 2009, no speed input > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09art7e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 * * Note that 12.9 is the default MOBILE6 average speed for local streets. AVERAGE SPEED : 12.9 local *______________________________________________________________________Appendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-6

* SCENARIO REC : ramps, Atlanta 7, 2009, no speed input > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09art7e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 * * Note that 34.6 is the default MOBILE6 average speed for ramps. AVERAGE SPEED : 34.6 ramp

END OF RUNAppendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-7

* * 7-1-09, 13 nonattainment counties, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09fw13e2.in) * MOBILE6 INPUT FILE :

POLLUTANTS : HC CO NOx

RUN DATA

* next lines show average hourly temp. for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000- 2002 HOURLY TEMPERATURES: 74 77 81 84 86 88 90 91 92 92 91 90 88 86 83 82 80 78 76 75 74 73 72 72

* Reid vapor pressure of 7.0 psi is a requirement for Georgia gasoline, Phases 1 and 2 FUEL RVP : 7.0

[redundant comments not shown]

FUEL PROGRAM : 4 150.0 150.0 150.0 90.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 150.0 150.0 87.0 87.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0

STAGE II REFUELING : 92 3 81. 81.

[redundant comments not shown]

ANTI-TAMP PROG : 82 75 95 22222 11111111 1 11 097. 12111111

* The external data file "im-info.d" is for 2002 and later evaluation dates; * "iminfo-p.d" is identical to "im-info.d" but with phase-in ASM cutpoints I/M DESCRIPT FILE : iminfo-p.d

REG DIST : 02regis2.d *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : freeway, Atlanta 13, 2009, 2.5 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09fw13e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 * next lines show average hourly rel. humidity for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000-2002 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 * next line shows average daily barometric pressure for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000-2002 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 * % o2 mrkt OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 * next line allows 1 psi increase to gasoline's Reid vapor pressure RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 [redundant comments not shown]

GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0Appendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-8

E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 2.5 Non-Ramp 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : freeway, Atlanta 13, 2009, 3 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09fw13e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 3 Non-Ramp 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * [scenarios for 4 mph through 64 mph not shown] *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : freeway, Atlanta 13, 2009, 65 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09fw13e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 65 Non-Ramp 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

END OF RUNAppendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-9

* * 7-1-09, 7 nonattainment counties, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09fwy7e2.in) * MOBILE6 INPUT FILE :

POLLUTANTS : HC CO NOx

RUN DATA

* next lines show average hourly temp. for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000- 2002 HOURLY TEMPERATURES: 74 77 81 84 86 88 90 91 92 92 91 90 88 86 83 82 80 78 76 75 74 73 72 72

* Reid vapor pressure of 7.0 psi is a requirement for Georgia gasoline, Phases 1 and 2 FUEL RVP : 7.0

[redundant comments not shown]

FUEL PROGRAM : 4 150.0 150.0 150.0 90.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 150.0 150.0 87.0 87.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0

REG DIST : 02atl_7.d *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : freeway, Atlanta 7, 2009, 2.5 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09fwy7e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 * next lines show average hourly rel. humidity for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000-2002 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 * next line shows average daily barometric pressure for 10 highest Atlanta ozone days 2000-2002 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 * % o2 mrkt OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 * next line allows 1 psi increase to gasoline's Reid vapor pressure RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 [redundant comments not shown]

GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 2.5 Non-Ramp 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : freeway, Atlanta 7, 2009, 3 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09fwy7e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7Appendix U, Exhibit 6 U5-10

RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 3 Non-Ramp 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *______________________________________________________________________ * [scenarios for 4 mph through 64 mph not shown] *______________________________________________________________________ * SCENARIO REC : freeway, Atlanta 7, 2009, 65 mph > July 1, 2009, '02 reg. dist. (default for Class 8b), default VMT mix (09fwy7e2.in) CALENDAR YEAR : 2009 EVALUATION MONTH : 7 RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 76 68 60 53 49 45 42 40 39 38 38 41 44 49 53 57 61 65 69 70 72 75 78 77 BAROMETRIC PRES : 28.99 OXYGENATE : MTBE 0.00 0.00 : ETBE 0.00 0.00 : ETOH 10.00 1.00 : TAME 0.00 0.00 RVP OXY WAIVER : 2 GAS AROMATIC% : 32.0 GAS OLEFIN% : 13.0 E200 : 41.0 E300 : 83.0 GAS BENZENE% : 1.5 AVERAGE SPEED : 65 Non-Ramp 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

END OF RUNAppendix U, Exhibit 6

Effect Of Senior Exemption on 2002 Highway Mobile Source Emissions

During their 1996 session the Georgia General Assembly amended the Georgia Motor Vehicle Emission Inspection and Mainte nance Act (O.C.G.A . Section 12-9, et seq ), to exempt from emission testing those otherwis e subject vehicles te n years old or older driven fewer than 5,000 miles per year and owned by persons 65 years old or older.

The actual numbers of vehicles that received senior citizen exemptions from Georgia's inspection and maintenance (I/M ) program waiver centers in 2002 are shown in the table below (source: Appendix I, Detailed List of Waivers Processed, from 2002 Annual Operations Report for Georgia's Enh anced Inspection and Maintenance Program , July 30, 2003):

AGE VEHICLES 10 years 1,629

11 years 2,120

12 years 2,239

13 years 2,630

14 years 2,496

15 years 2,350

16 years 2,369

17 years 2,227

18 years 1,708

19 years 1,111

20 years 669

21 years 586

22 years 496

23 years 833

24 years 794

25 years 44

U6-12002 NO x Credit Loss

MOBILE6.2 emission factors for calculating the 2002 NO x credit loss from these exempted vehicles were determined in the following manner. Six combined highway mobile source control strategies were modeled:

• enhanced I/M in all 13 Atlanta ozone nonattainment area counties;

• the Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program , including Tier 1 and Tier 2 tailpipe standards;

• Stage II vapor recovery;

• low-sulfur (150 parts per million, or ppm) and low Reid Vapor Pressure (7.0 pounds per square inch, or psi) gasoline;

• the National Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program; and

• technician training a nd certification).

The enhanced I/M program is a decentrali zed annual hybrid with onboard diagnostics (OBD-II) system checks on 1996 and newer model year vehicles; and two-mode ASM tests on 25-year-old through 1995 model year vehicles. Anti-tampering inspections (checking for catalyst remova l) are performed on 25-year -old through 1995 model year vehicles, and gas cap pressure tests are performed on all vehi cles subject to inspection.

• An overall 2002 highway mobile source NO inventory based on July 1, 2002, MOBILE6.2 emission factors with all c ontrols in place (310,382,142 grams per day) x was divided by the total summer-adj usted 2002 VMT (122,754,275 miles) with a resulting overall grams-per-mile NO emission factor of 2.528. x

• MOBILE6.2 runs with all subject vehicles receiving their appr opriate test were performed to determine the speed th at would result in a July 1, 2002, NO emission factor of 2.528 grams per mile: 38.58 miles per hour. x

• Two separate July 1, 2002, MOBILE6.2 r uns, at 38.58 mph and with emissions calculated by model year, were made: one with hybrid I/M on 25-year-old and newer subject vehicles; the other with OBD-II system checks on 1996 and newer vehicles, with 1995 and older vehicles exempted.

• Next, both sets (covered and exempt) of em ission factors were separately multiplied by the VMT fractions, 30 normalized to total 1.000, for the appropriate vehicle types (LDGV, LDGT12, LDGT34), and the three prod ucts were then added together to produce a single passenger vehicle emission f actor for each exempted vehicle age.

• The differences in the covered and exempt emission factors were then determined for each exempted vehicle age, these differences were multiplied by 4999, the maximum allowable yearly miles traveled by exem pt vehicles, and that product was then

30 An output of MOBILE6.2, the VMT (vehicle mile s traveled) fraction is the fraction of total VMT traveled by each vehicle type.

U6-2multiplied by the number of vehicles of that age to determine grams per year. Grams per year were converted to tons per day (907,180 grams per ton, 365 days per year) and the resulting NO reduction credit loss for 2002 wa s determined to be 0.03 ton per day. x

2002 VOC Credit Loss

MOBILE6.2 emission factors for calculat ing the 2002 VOC credit loss from these exempted vehicles were determined in the following manner:

• An overall 2002 highway mobile sour ce VOC inventory based on July 1, 2002, MOBILE6.2 emission factors with all c ontrols in place (158,026,372 grams per day) was divided by the total 2002 VMT (122,754,275 miles) with a resulting overall grams-per-mile VOC emission factor of 1.287.

• MOBILE6.2 runs with all subject vehicles receiving their appr opriate test were performed to determine the speed that would result in a July 1, 2002, VOC emission factor of 1.287 grams per mile: 30.6 miles per hour.

• Two separate July 1, 2002, MOBILE6.2 r uns, at 30.6 mph and with emissions calculated by model year, were made: one with hybrid I/M on 25-year-old and newer subject vehicles; the other with OBD-II system checks on 1996 and newer vehicles, with 1995 and older vehicles exempted.

• Next, both sets (covered and exempt) of em ission factors were separately multiplied by the VMT fractions, normalized to tota l 1.000, for the appropriate vehicle types (LDGV, LDGT12, LDGT34), and the three prod ucts were then added together to produce a single passenger vehicle emission f actor for each exempted vehicle age.

• The differences in the covered and exempt emission factors were then determined for each exempted vehicle age, these differences were multiplied by 4999, the maximum allowable yearly miles traveled by exem pt vehicles, and that product was then multiplied by the number of vehicles of that age to determine grams per year. Grams per year were converted to tons per day (907,180 grams per ton, 365 days per year) and the resulting VOC reduction credit loss for 2002 was determined to be 0.05 tons per day.

U6-3U6-4