1 

# GUIDE TO IPM Output FILES

EPA Base Case

v.5.13

The following infor m ation is m eant to provide use r s with a g ener a l expl an ation of the

different IPM output files that are m ade web ready and pos t ed to EPA’s website. It refers to

the EPA Base Case v.5.13 that was designed and developed for use in analyzing policy

sce n arios starting in 2016. It is m eant to help users identify and interpret the data av a ilable in

the m odel input and output fi les. The EPA Base Case v.5.13 documentation (available at

http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/progsregs/epa

- ipm/BaseCasev513.html provides m ore

co m prehensive details regarding the assu m ptions and m ethodology used in the m odel.

Below is a brief overview of the non

- unit level IPM inputs and ou t puts that are m ade

publically available through EPA’s website. Because the System Sum m ary Report is one of

the more frequently referenced docu m e n ts that sum m a rizes m any IPM key outputs, it is

described in further detail in the re m ainder of this guide.

Once EPA Base Case v.5.13 files are downloaded and decompr e ssed from EPA’s website, the

unzipped files will contain two folders: “Input and Output Files” & “Parsed Files”.

Additionally, it will have an E x cel s p readsh e et t h at in c l udes “ System Sum m ary Report” in the

title. The “Input and Output Files” f older will h a ve s ix files within it: A DAT Replacement f ile,

RPE Replacement file

, RPT Replacement files, EIA Style Gas Report, State Emission File, and

an Overview file

.

Input and Output Files

DAT file (Model Inputs) : This file will have “ dat f ile” in the file name, e .g., “Base Case dat

f ile.xlsx.” This file replaces “.dat” file that was output by earlier versions of IPM and is

easier to navigate. It contains the key input set

- up data used to define the m odel run,

including the definiti o ns and specifications for run years, m odel regions, m odel plants,

fin a ncial para m eters, available fuels, and power system trans m ission and operating

para m eters. The “Index” worksheet provides a list of all other worksheets and data

available in the file, a nd the “RunUniverse” worksheets includes a table of region names

and IDs.

RPE file (Model Plant Outputs) : This file will have “ rpe f ile” in the file name, e .g., “Base Case

rpe f ile.xlsx.” This file replaces “.rpe ” file that was output by earlier versions of IPM and is

easier to navigate. For each model plant, this file shows the projections of fuel consu m ption,

e m issions, capacity, costs (capital, fixed operations and m aintenance, and var i a b le

o perations a n d m aint enance), and generation.

RPT files ( Detailed Model Operational Outputs) : This is a zip file with “ rpt f iles” in the file

name, e .g., “Base Case rpt f iles.zip.” It contains multiple excel workbooks that replace the

“.rpt” file that was output by earlier versions of IPM and is easier to navigate. These files

contain a variety of model outputs, including: regional summaries; costs, fuel supply,2 

### transportation, and use; electricity transmission and constraints; new and retrofit capacity;

environmental const raints; and energy price.

EIA Style Gas Report file: This file will have “EIA Style Gas Report” in the file name, e.g.,

“Base Case EIA Style Gas Report.xlsx.” This file shows outputs related to natural gas

production and use in format matching natural gas tables developed by the Energy

Information Administration (EIA).

State Emissions file: This file will have “State Emissions” in the file name, e.g., “Base Case

State Emissions.xlsx.” This file shows EGU emissions at the state level for each run year

, der ived from the IPM regional level results. . There are two tabs, one showing emissions

from all EGUs, the other showing emissions only from fossil units greater than 25 MW.

Overview file (Regional Summary of Model Operational Outputs) : This file will have

“Overview” in the file name, e.g., “Base Case Overview File.xlsx.” It contains model

operational outputs by run year at the regional level, including capacity, generation, costs,

retrofits, and retirements. It is typically easier for us ers to refer to either the System

Summary Report or the Regional Summary File/

System Summary Report

System S u mmary Re p ort: The S ystem Summary Report is available as a spreadsheet, e

. g

.,

“ Base Case SSR

. xls x

. ” It contains syste m

- wide power sector results for t h e lower co nt inental

U.S. for each run year. It rep o rts forecasted generatio n , capacity, capacity additions, capa c ity

factors, production costs, e m issions, fuel consumption & cost, and allowance prices by m odel

run year. Dis a ggregation of sys te m

- w ide data to plant type data is provided for generation

and capacity fie l ds. The plant types are categorized based on fuel used (e.g., coal, oil/gas,

nuclear, hydro), co m bustion technology (e.g., turbine, co m bined cycle gas), control

technology (e.g., scrubber, post

- combustion NO

x 

### control), and retrofit structure (e.g., coal

plant with e x i s ting SNCR retrofit with ACI). In a d dition to pr o viding t h e above outputs

forecasted for each m odel run year, it a l so gives infor m ation on the various regulatory and

leg a l r e quire m ents that were in p utted into t h e m odel as constraints. B e low is a more

detail e d explanation of each worksheet in the System Summary Report.

The regional level equivalent of the System Summary Report Tables 1

- 16 is available in th e

“Regional Summary.xlsx” file that is included in the RPT replacement files.3 

### Description of Worksh e ets and Data within the System S u mmary Re p ort File

System S u mmary Re p ort: W hen the Excel File is opened, it will contain six worksheets

1. “Sum m ary” worksheet

2. “All Constraints” worksheet

3. “Fuel Report” worksheet

4. “Tables 1

- 1 6 _US ” worksheet

5. “Coal Pivot Tables” worksheet

6. “Final Wholesale Price” worksheet

Summary Worksheet: T he sum m ary worksheet in the system summary file highlights so m e of the key data points from the

IPM output, and is intended to be an ideal starting p o int for assessing fund a m e ntal environ m ental and operational

projections f or the power sector in any given IPM run. For first ti m e users, it is one of the m ore user friendly docu m ents

from which to view output da t a. See Appendix 1

- 1 for description of fields included in the “Sum m a ry” worksheet.

All Constraints: The “ A ll Const r ai nt s” wor kshe e t in t h e System Sum m a r y Report pr o vides i n for m ation on various legal and

policy require m ents and how they are captured in the model. Each constraint typically involves a “standard” that is

imposed in the fo r m of an e m ission li m it, e m ission rate li m it, or gene r ation li m it. The constraint can be applied at t h e

unit, plant, syste m , state, regional or national level. The constraints also inc l ude a time di m ension and m ay vary between

m odel run years. Each constraint in the worksheet provides infor m ation on the i m pact of the “standard” on the effected

u n it(s). These i m pacts are m odeling outputs given in the form of e m issions, e m ission rates, and / or generation that occur

under the given “ s tandard” in a particular model run year. For constraints that repre sent cap

- and

- trade prog r a m s with

banki n g, the run output in d i c a tes additions and withdraws from the allowa n ce bank and allowance price by year. T here

are nearly 1000 constraints in the EPA Base Case v

. 5 .1 3 Base Case, and the total nu m ber may ext e nd beyond a thousand

for the m odeling of certain policy scenarios. An example of a constraint wou l d be “Constraint Na m e: #1

– SO2 CAIR

Annual Constraint ” which captures the e m ission li m its imposed on coal units by the Clean Air Interstate Rule . The

constrain t pro v i d es a total “ s ta n dard” t h at reflects t h e CAIR allowances a v a ilable to units in a given m odel run year.

Below is a table t h at illu s t rates t h e typical for m at of a constraint in the “All Constraint s ” work s heet, a l ong with an

explanation of each row. Appendix table 2

- 1 provides a comprehensive list of legal and policy requirements that are

ref l ected in the model through the various constraints.4 

### Description of Constraint Level Data Fields

Row Title Description

Constraint Name: #1

- SO2 CAIR Annual

Constraint Provides information on legal or policy constraint being modeled.

Constraint Type: Rate Constraint in Mtons Provides information on constraint type that is being modeled (e.g., generation,

emission, rate, etc.). "Mtons" = thousand tons (emission limit); "GWh" = gigawatt

hours (generation limit); "lbs/Mmbtu" = pounds per million btus (rate limit).

Seasons Included Shows model run year for the output and indicates if the constraint was applied to

summer generation, winter generation, or both. Winter months include October

through April. Summer months include May through September.

Standard This row provides the value of the constraint being inputted into the model. It is

modeling input and one of key interest in the “All Constraints” worksheet.

Emissions at Affected Plants

Model output of collective emission at plants affected by "standard" as well as

summary of allowance trading activity supporting the emission level. Allowances Purchased SO2

Allowances Sold SO2

Allowances Banked

Allowances Withdrawn (1:1)

Allowances Withdrawn (n:1)

Net Emissions Allowance Position

Fuel Consumed Tbtu=trillion btu. Model output of fuel consumption for affected units.

Rate Model output of emission rate for effected units. "lbs/Mmbtu" = pounds per

affected unit.

Generation Electricity generated by units subject to the "standard" limit. TWh = Terawatt

hours generated.

Qualifying Generation

Rate Rate for affected units. l b/MWh = pound per Megawatt hour.

Constraint Shadow Price If the "standard" is an emission limit (i.e., cap) in a trading program, the constraint

shadow price will reflect the $ per ton value of allowances in that trading program.

Commonly called the “allowance price”.5 

### Fuel Report: The “Fuel Report” worksheet provides c onsumption and cost data for major power sector fuel sources for

each m odel run year. T hese fuels include coal, nuclear, natural gas, biom a ss, pet.coke (petroleum coke), natural gas,

biomass, waste coa l , and oil. For each fu e l type the t o tal consu m ption is gi v en in TBtus (tr i llion Bt u s). Cost is pro v ided in

both MMUS$ (million US doll a r units) and US$/MMBtu (U.S. dollar per m illion Btus).

Tables 1

- 16 : The “Tables 1

- 16” worksheet in the System Summary R e port provides infor m ation on controls, generation,

capacity, and cost. T he infor m ation in these tables is often the disag g regated value of the totals repo r ted in the “Summary”

works h eet. A user interested in better understanding the details behind the totals given in the “Sum m ary” workshe e t m ay

wish to consult “Tables 1

- 16”. For exa m ple, the “Summary” worksheet provides the total a m ount of generation from coal in

a given m odel run year. However, the “Tables 1

- 16” worksheet goes one step further and provides data on the portion of

t hat generat i on total co m i ng from coal plants with no pollution control and the portion co m i ng from plants with specific

pollution control c onfigurations. In particular, tables 10 through14 provide generation and capacity data at the m odel plant

type level. Tables 1

– 9 p r ovide generation supply and de m and data a t t h e U.S. region wide level. The table be low descri be s

the data o u tput reported in each ta b l e, and Appendix 3

- 1 and 3

- 2 pr o vides m ore info r m ation on the acrony m s and

no m enclatu r e used in t h e d a ta fiel d s.

Description Tables in “Tables 1

- 16” Worksheet

Table # Title Description

1 Reserve M a rgin C apacity Winter

(M W) Shows total electr i c generating capa c ity availab l e to the U.S. region during

winter period. Available supply of electricity in m e g awatts (M W ).

2 Peak Load Winter ( M W) Shows total electr i city d e m and during winter per i od by the U.S. region. C apacity

reported in m e gawatts ( M W).

3 Reser v e M a r g in W i n ter ( % ) Shows excess winter capacity supply as percentage of de m and using total values

reported from Ta ble s 1 & 2

. (s uppl y

- d e m a nd ) /de m and.

1 Reserve M a rgin C apacity s u m m e r

(MW) Shows total electr i c generating capa c ity availa bl e t o U.S

. re gio n du r in g

su mm e r pe ri od. Available supply of electricity in m e g awatts (M W ).

2 Peak Load s u m m e r (M W) Shows total electr i city d e m and during s u m m er per i od by the U.S. region. Capacity

reported in m e gawatts ( M W).

3 Reser v e M a r g in s u mm e r (%) Shows excess s u m m e r capaci t y as p e rcentage of de m a n d using total valu e s reported

fr o m Tables 1 & 2.6 1 Reserve M a rgin C apacity annual (MW) Shows total electr i c generating capa c ity availa bl e t o U.S

. re gio n annually.

Available supply of electricity in m e g awatts (M W ).

2 Peak Load annual (M W) Shows total electr i city d e m and annually by the U.S. region. Capacity reported in

m e gawatts ( M W).

3 Reser v e M a r g in annual (%) Shows excess annual capaci t y as p e rcentage of de m a n d using total valu e s reported

fr o m Tables 1 & 2.

4 Generation ( G W h ) Gigawatt hours ( G W h ) of annual electricity that is produced d o m esticall y

,

i m ported, exported, and lost during p u m p ing and storage.

5 T o tal Supply for De m and ( G W h ) Gigawatt hours ( G W h ) of annual electricity generation s upplied to the U.S. region.

S u m m ati o n of values in Table 4

6 Projected D e m and ( G W h ) Gigawatt hours ( G W h ) of annual projected de m and and projected net de m a nd.

7 D u m p ed Ener g y Typical l y not r e f e r enced.

8 Total Generation Gigawatt hours ( G W h ) of annual electricity that is produced d o m esticall y

,

i m ported, exported, and lost during p u m p ing and storage.

9 Total Sales ( G Wh) Gigawatt hours ( G W h ) of annual electricity supply deter m i n ed by subtracting

projected tran s m ission & de m a nd losses fr o m t otal suppl y

.

10 Capacity b y Capacity Reporting Type C u m u lative capac i ty ( M W) of m odel plant types for each m odel run y e ar. T h e

m odel run plants are ca t egorized by the unit’s fu el, configuration, and on l ine status

(e. g

., new, existing, retiri n g ). Each contr o l configuration c o m b ination is m odel e d as

a separate plant t y p e

. The total capaci t y , retro f it capaci t y

, n ew unit capaci t y

, a nd

retiring u n it capacity values given in the s u m m a ry t a ble are disaggregated into

m odel plant types in this table. Key difference between table 10 & 11 is that 10 is

c u m ul at i ve and 11 is incre m en tal. Therefore, table 10 will show m odel plant

capa c ity by a given year, a n d table 11 will show m od e l plant ca p acity added during

that run y e ar.

11 Capacity Additions and Changes Incr e m ental capac i ty (M W) of m odel plant types for each m odel run y e ar. T h e

m odel run plants are ca t egorized by the unit’s fu el, configuration, and on l ine status

(e. g

., new, existing, retiri n g ). Each contr o l configuration c o m b ination is m odel e d as

a separate plant t y p e

. The total capaci t y , retro f it capaci t y

, n ew unit capaci t y

, a nd

retiring u n it capacity values given in the s u m m a ry t a ble are disaggregated into

m odel plant types in this table.7 12 Generation by Capacity Reporting

Type ( G W h ) C u m u lative gen e r a tion (GWh) of m o del plant t y pes fo r each m odel run y e ar. The

m odel run plants are categor i zed by the unit’s f u el, con fi guration, and online status

(e. g

., new, existing, retiring). E a ch control configuration c o m b ination is modeled as

a separa t e plant type. The to tal generation by each plant type given i n the

s u m m a r y ta b le is disaggregated into m odel plant t y pe generation in this table.

12 a Generation by Capacity Reporting

Type ( G W h ) T otal gigawatt hours ( G W h ) of generation in each m od e l run y e a r b y fuel t y pe.

Aggregation of the m odel plants pertaining to each fu el in table 12.

13 Generation by Capacity Reporting

Type (Tbtu) C u m u lative gen e r a tion m easured in T rillion btus ( T btu) of m odel plant t y pes fo r

each m odel r un y ear. T h e data corresponds to generation values g i ven i n Table 12,

but is expressed in TBtus to provide the heat content of the power generate d

.

Conversio n facto r o f app r oxi m a tel y 3

, 412 Btu/K W h is used.

14 Capacity factor b y Capacity Reporting

Type ( % ) Capacity f actor fo r each m odel plant t y pe. Capa c ity f ac t or is the actual ge n eration

expressed a s a percentage of m a xi m u m generation possible if the pla n t was

operated every hour of the year. T h erefore, it is the generation / (capacit y *8760).

Gener a ll y

, the m odel does not allow for 10 0 % capacity f actors because of

m aintenance, planned outage, and fo rced outage t i m e s

. Inte r m itt e nt generation

sources (i. e

., wind) also have their ca p aci t y f actor l i m ited by the availability of their

fu el source.

15 T o tal Annual Production Cost Provides total production cost in m i llion U.S. dollar units ( M MUS$) for each m odel

run year. T h e production c o sts are disaggregated into variable operating and

m aintenance ( v ariable O & M), f i x ed O & M, fu el, c a p ital, a n d CO2 transportation

and storage cost.

16 E m issio ns Provides total annual U.S. e m issions for each m odel run y ear for several hazardous,

criter i a, and green house gas p o llutants. E m ission totals are expressed in 1000 t o ns

(Mtons); 1,000,0 0 0 t o ns ( M M tons), or regular tons. All tons are s hort tons (2000

lbs/ton) unless ot h erwise noted.



### Coal Pivot Tables : The “Coal Pivot Tables” worksheet in the System Summary Report provides information on coal prices

and total coal consumption for each run year by coal region. Data is reported in both MMBtu and tons.

Final Wholesale Price : The “Final Wholesale Elect ricity Price” worksheet in the System Summary Report provides the

wholesale electricity price for each region and model run year.8 

## APPENDICES

Appendix 1

- 1: Description of Data Fields in “S u mmary” W o rksheet

Row

Number Row Title Description of Field

1

2 EPA IPM Run Results

3 All costs and prices are in 2011

- year dollars Provides year to which all cost and prices within the summary report are indexed.

4 NATIONWIDE EMISSIONS

Provides nationwide total emissions from EGUs for given run years in short tons

(2000 lbs/ton) unless otherwise noted. 5 SO2 (million tons)

6 NOx (million tons)

7 CO2 (million metric tons)

8 Hg (tons)

9 HCL (Mtons)

10

11 TOTAL COSTS Provides the total cost of electricity generation to meet demand in given year under

the modeled operational, regulatory, and policy constraints. Values are given in

billion dollar units and indexed to 2007 prices. 12 Total Costs (billion $)

13

14 PRICES Gives the prices for various fuel and emission commodities relevant to the power

sector.9 15 National Wholesale Electricity Price

(mills/kWh) For wholesale electricity prices in “mills/kWh”. 1 mill = 1/10 of a cent. Therefore, 10

mills/kWh is equivalent to $.01/kWh.

16 Natural Gas Prices (2011 $/MMBtu) "M M btu" = million btus.

17 Henry Hub Price at Henry Hub. Henry Hub is a gas pipeline in Louisiana that serves as a

generally accepted reference point for U.S. natural gas trading data due to its central

location giving shippers access to pipelines in the southeast, midwest, and northeast

regions.

18 Delivered Delivered price of gas. Reflects seasonal and transportation cost adders.

19 Minemouth Coal Prices (2011 $/MMBtu)

Provides endogenously determined minemouth coal prices. "MMbtu" = million btus.

Figure 9

- 1 of the Documentation for EPA Base Case v.5.13 for a map of coal regions.

National price is weighted average of regional coal prices. 20 Appalachia

21 Imports

22 Interior

23 Waste Coal

24 West

25 National

26

27

E MISSION ALLOWANCE PRICES ($/Ton)

28 SO 2 Annual (CAIR) SO 2 Annual (CAIR) Provides emission allowance price for pollutants under that

program.

29 NO

x Annual (CAIR) NO

x Annual (CAIR) Provides emission allowance price for pollutants under that

program.

30 NO

x Ozone Season (CAIR) NO

x Ozone Season (CAIR Provides emission allowance price for pollutants under that

program.10 31 CO 2 ($/metric ton) CO 2 ($/metric ton)

32

33 EMISSION CONSTRAINTS (Mtons) Mtons = Thousand Tons

34 SO 2 Annual (CAIR) SO 2 Region 1 (CAIR) Provides total emissions for electric generating units (EGUs)

affected by the referenced policy.

35 NO

x Annual (CAIR) NO

x Annual (CAIR) Provides total emissions for electric generating units (EGUs)

affected by the referenced policy.

36 NO

x Ozone Season (CAIR) NO

x Ozone Season (CAIR) Provides total emissions for electric generating units

(EGUs) affected by the referenced policy.

37 CO2 (metric ton) CO2 (metric ton) Provides total emissions for electric generating units (EGUs)

affected by the referenced policy.

38

39 TOTAL CAPACITY (Cumulative GW)

Provides the cumulative gigawatts of generating capacity by plant type forecasted to

be online for a given run year. It reflects ((existing units + new units)

– retiring units)

for that generation type. The existing value is obtained from the previous model run

year. Total is the aggregate electricity generating capacity available. Abbreviations:

PC = pulverized coal; IGCC = integrated gasification combined cycle; IGCC

- CCS =

integrated ga sification combined cycle with carbon capture and storage; CC =

combined cycle; CT = combustion turbine. 40 Hydro

41 Non

- Hydro Renewables

42 Biomass

43 Other

44 Wind

45 Coal

46 PC

47 IGCC

48 IGCC

- CCS11 49 New Future Technology

50 Nuclear

51 Natural Gas

52 CC

53 CC

- CCS

54 CT

55 Oil/Gas Steam

56 Other

57 Grand Total

58

59 NEW CAPACITY (Cumulative GW)

Provides the cumulative gigawatts of new capacity by plant type expected to come

online by a given run year (. New capacity is determined endogenously and

constitutes units that are not currently listed in the National Electric Energy Data

Source (NEEDs). Abbreviations:

PC = pulverized coal;

IGCC = integrated ga sification combined cycle;

IGCC

- CCS = integrated gasification combined cycle with carbon capture and

storage;

CC = combined cycle;

CT = combustion turbine. 60 Non

- Hydro Renewables

61 Biomass

62 Other

63 Wind

64 Coal

65 PC

66 IGCC12 67 IGCC

- CCS

68 New Future Technology

69 Nuclear

70 Natural Gas

71 CC

72 CC

- CCS

73 CT

74 Other

75 Grand Total

76

77 RETIREMENTS (GW)

Provides the cumulative gigawatts of retirements by plant type that occur by the

given run year. Abbreviations:

PC = pulverized coal;

IGCC = integrated gasification combined cycle;

IGCC

- CCS = integrated gasification combined cycle with carbon ca pture and

storage;

CC = combined cycle;

CT = combustion turbine;

O/G = oil/gas steam. In some cases, retirements may also reflect retirements that

are required by enforcement actions (e.g., consent decree). 78 CC Retirements

79 Coal Retirements

80 CT Retirements

81 Nuclear Retirements

82 O/G Retirements

83 IGCC Retirements

84

Non

- Fossil Retirements13 85 Grand Total

86

87 GENERATION MIX (thousand GWh)

Provides the annual generation projected for a given model run year by a particular

plant type. Generation data is given in units of 1000 gigawatt hours. The total value

reflects total electricity demand from the power grid. Abbreviations:

PC = pulverized coal;

IGCC = integrated gasifica tion combined cycle;

IGCC

- CCS = integrated gasification combined cycle with carbon capture and

storage;

CC = combined cycle;

CT = combustion turbine;

O/G = oil/gas steam. 88 Hydro

89 Non

- Hydro Renewables

90 Biomass

91 Other

92 Wind

93 Biomass Co

- firing

94 Coal

95 PC

96 IGCC

97 IGCC

- CCS

98 New Future Technology

99 Nuclear

100 Natural Gas

101 CC

102 CC

- CCS14 103 CT

104 Oil/Gas Steam

105 Other

106 Grand Total

107

108 TOTAL CONTROLS (Cumulative GW) Provides total gigawatts of a particular type of control technology at coal

- fired units.

109 FGD Provides total gigawatt of units with Flue Gas Desulfurization technology (FGD) for a

given run year. FGD is used for removing SO

2 from coal fired power plants. Also

referred to as a "scrubber". The total given is a summation of existing scrubbers,

retrofit scrubbers, and all new pulverized coal capacity which is assumed to have

scrubber technology installed.

110 Existing Scrubber Provides total gigawatt of coal steam capacity in NEEDS with a FGD . These FGDs are

exogenous to the model and in place prior to retrofits and new units that are added

in the model. Wet FGD refers to limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) and Dry FGD

refers to Lime Spray Dryer (LSD) technology. 111 Existing Wet Scrubber

112 Existing Dry Scrubber

113

Non

- Disapatchable Scrubber

Provides gigawatts of FGD retrofits for a given model run year. These are model

project ion s and therefore endogenous to the model. 114 Retrofit Wet Scrubber

115 Retrofit Dry Scrubber

116 New Scrubber Refers to cumulative GW of new FGDs online by a given model run year.

Corresponds to the capacity of cumulative new pulverized coal capacity expected for

a given model run year. The model assumes all new pulverized coal has FGD

controls. 117 New Wet Scrubber

118 New Dry Scrubber15 119 SCR Provides total gigawatts of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) online by a given

model run year (Existing + retrofits + new units). SCRs are primarily used as a post

combustion technology for reducing NO X from emissions at power plants.

120 Existing SCR Provides total gigawatt of coal steam capacity in NEEDS with a SCR . These SCRs are

exogenous to the model and in place prior to retrofits and new units that are added

in the model

121 Retrofit SCR Refers to cumulative gigawatts of capacity retrofitted with SCR by a given model run

year. These are model project ion s and therefore endogenous to the model.

122 New SCR Refers to the cumulative gigawatts of new SCRs (non

- retrofits) that have come

online by a given model run year. Corresponds to capacity of new coal units that is

forecasted, as all new coal is assumed to have SCR.

123 SNCR Provides total cumulative gigawatts of Selective Non

- Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)

technology that is online by a given model run year. Summation of existing, retrofit,

and new SNCR. SNCR is post

- combustion technology for reducing NO X from power

plant emissio ns.

124 Existing SNCR Provides total gigawatt of coal steam capacity in NEEDS with a SNCR . These SNCR s

are exogenous to the model and in place prior to retrofits and new units that are

added in the model

125 Retrofit SNCR Refers to cumulative gigawatts of capacity that is retrofitted with SNCR by a given

run year. These are model project ion s and therefore endogenous to the model.

126 ACI Provides cumulative GW of generating capacity that has Activated Carbon Injection

(ACI). Is a summation of existing, retrofits, and new ACI. ACI is technology for

reducing Mercury (Hg) emissions at power plants.

127 Existing ACI Provides total gigawatt of coal steam capacity in NEEDS with a ACI . These ACI s are

exogenous to the model and in place prior to retrofits and new units that are added

in the model

128 Retrofit ACI Provides cumulative gigawatts of generating capacity that is retrofitted with ACI by

the given model run year. These are model projections, and therefore endogenous

to the model.16 129 New ACI Provides cumulative gigawatts of new units that are coming online with ACI

technology.

130 CCS Provides cumulative gigawatts of generating capacity that has Carbon Capture and

Storage Technology installed by a given model run year. Is a summation of existing,

retrofit, and new CCS.

131 Hardwired CCS Provides total gigawatts of existing CCS that is online prior to 2012 and included in

the modeling input in the NEEDs inventory. This is exogenous to the model.

132 Retrofit CCS Provides total cumulative gigawatts of capacity that is retrofitted with CCS by the

given model run year. These are model project ion s and therefore endogenous to the

model..

133 New CCS Provides cumulative gigawatts of new units that are coming online with CCS by the

given model run year.

134

FF Provides cumulative gigawatts of generating capacity that has Fabric Filter

technology installed by a given model run ye ar. Is a summation of existing and

retrofit Fabric Filters.

135 Existing FF Provides total gigawatt of capacity in NEEDS with a Fabric Filter . These fabric Filters

are exogenous to the model and in place prior to retrofits and new units that are

added in the model

136 Retrofit FF Provides total cumulative gigawatts of capacity that is retrofitted with Fabric Filters

by the given model run year. These are model project ion s and therefore

endogenous to the model.

137 DSI Provides cumulative gigawatts of generating capacity that has Dry Sorbent Injection

technology installed by a given model run year. Is a summation of existing, retrofit,

and new DSI.

138 Existing DSI Provides total gigawatt of coal steam capacity in NEEDS with a DSI . These DSI s are

exogenous to the model and in place prior to retrofits and new units that are added

in the model

139 Retrofit DSI Provides total cumulative gigawatts of capacity that is retrofitted with DSI by the

given model run year. These are model project ion s and the refore endogenous to the

model.

140 C2G Provides the cumulative gigawatts of capacity that is converted from burning coal to

natural gas by the given model run year.17 141 HRI Provides the cumulative gigawatts of capacity that has heat rate improvements by

the given model run year.

142

143 RETROFITS (Cumulative GW) Provides total cumulative gigawatts of capacity that is retrofitted with a given

technology post 201 5 and by given model run year. The capital costs of the retrofits

are included in the model and they are installed at the power plant post 201 5

.

144 FGD Cumulative gigawatts of Flue Gas Desulfurization.

145 SCR Cumulative gigawatts of Selective Catalytic Reduction retrofits.

146 SNCR Cumulative gigawatts of Selective Non

- Catalytic Reduction retrofits

147 ACI Cumulative gigawatts of Activated Carbon Injection retrofits.

148 CCS Cumulative gigawatts of Carbon Capture & Storage retrofits.

149

FF Cumulative gigawatts of Fabric Filter retrofits.

150 DSI Cumulative gigawatts of Dry Sorbent Injection retrofits

151 C2G Cumulative gigawatts of coal

- to

- gas retrofits

152

HRI Cumulative gigawatts of heat rate improvement retrofits

153

154 TOTAL CONTROLS IN NEEDS

155 FGD

Reflects cumulative gigatwatts of capacity that has control installed in NEEDS. Value

is reflective of controls at all coal steam units 156 SCR

157 SNCR

158 ACI18 159

160 FUEL SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION Provides Coal and Gas supply and consumption for given model run years.

161 Coal Use by Region (million tons) Provides total coal use in million tons by power and non

- power sector for given

model run year.

162 Power Sector Provides total coal use in million tons by power sector for given model run year.

163 Appalachia Provides total coal use for power sector that comes from Appalachia coal region.

164 Imports Provides total coal use for power sector that comes from Imports.

165 Interior Provides total coal use for power sector that comes from Interior Region.

166 Waste Coal Provides total coal use for power sector that comes from Waste Coal.

167 West Provides total coal use for power sector that comes from the West Region.

168

Non

- Power Sector Provides total coal use in million tons for the non

- power sector.

169 Appalachia Provides total coal use for non

- power sector that comes for Appalachia region.

170 Interior Provides total coal use for non

- power sector that comes from Interior Region.

171 West Provides total coal use for non

- power sector that comes from West Region.

172 Power Sector Coal Use by Rank (TBtu) Provides total coal supply to power sector in trillion Btus (Tbtu).

173 Bituminous Provides total bituminous coal use for power sector in trillion Btus (Tbtu).

1 7 4 Subbituminous Provides total subbituminous coal use for power sector in trillion Btus (Tbtu).

1 7 5 Lignite Provides total lignite coal use for power sector in trillion Btus (Tbtu).

1 7 6

1 7 7 Natural Gas Use (Trillion cubic feet) Total natural gas use by power and non

- power sectors in trillion cubic feet (Tcf).19 

### A ppendix 2

- 1: Summary of legal and regulatory r e quire m ents considered in the IPM v. 5

. 13 Base Case

. See Appendices 3

- 2, 3

- 3, 3

- 4, and 3

- 5 of the Documentation for EPA Base Case v.5.13 Using the Integrated Planning Model for more details

on settlements and state rules.

NSR Settlements State Settlements Citizen Suits State Rules Regional/National

Programs International

Alabama Power AES SWEPCO Alabama Title IV Acid Rain Program Canada

Minnkota Power Niag a ra Mohawk

Power Allegheny Energy Arizona Regional Green House Gas

Initiative (RGGI) Alberta

SIGECO Public Service Co of

New Mexico Wisconsin Public

Service Corp. California Pacific Northwest Manitoba

PSEG Fossil Public Service Co of

Colorado University of

Wisconsin Colorado NO X SIP Call Ontario

TECO TVA Tucson Electric

Power Connecticut Western Regional Air

Partnership (WRAP) Quebec

WEPCO Rochester Gas &

Electric Kansas City Board

of Public Utilities Delaware Clean Air Interstate Rule

( CAIR) New Brunswick

VEPCO Mirant

- New York Dominion Energy Georgia Mercury and Air Toxics

Standard (MATS) Nova Scotia

Santee Cooper RC Cape May Holdings,

LLC Duke Energy Illinois Best Available Retrofit

Technology (BART) PEI

Ohio Edison Kansas Labrador &

Newfoundland

Mirant Louisiana Saskatchewan

Illinois Power Maine

Kentucky Utilities Company Maryland

Salt River Project Massachusetts

American Electric Power (AEP) Michigan

Eastern Kentucky Power

Cooperative Minnesota

Nevada Power Missouri

Dayton Power and Light Montana

Westar Energy New

Hampshire

Duke Energy New Jersey

American Municipal Power New York20 Hoosier Energy Rural Electric Coop North Carolina

Northern Indiana Public Service Co. Oregon

Tennessee Valley Authority Pennsylvania

Wisconsin Public Service Texas

Dairyland Power Cooperative Utah

Louisiana Generating LLC Washington

Dominion Energy, Inc. West Virginia

Wisconsin Power and Light Wisconsin21 

### Appendix 3

- 1: Explanation of Model Plant No m e nclature

The field headers gi v en in each row of Tables 10

- 14 represe n t m odel plant type s. The m odel pla n t types are differ e nti a ted

by fuel u sed (e.g., coal, o il/ g as, nuclear, hydro), co m bustion technology (e.g., tur b ine, co m bined cycle ga s ), c o ntrol

techn o logy (e.g., scrubber, post

- co m bustion NO X 

### control), online status (e.g., new, existing, or retiring) and retro f it str u cture

(e. g., coal plant with e x isting SNCR retrofit with ACI). It is helpful in understanding the no m enclature of m od e l plants to

recogn i ze the significance of the “ret

. ”, “exi s t” and “&” u s age in the title. “Ret.” s u ggests t h at the m odel plant is receiving a

ret r ofit in or by the given run year. If the r e is no “exist” label that im m ediately follows the “ret.” designation, then every

control listed is a retrofit on a unit without any previously e xisting e m ission controls. The indicated are endogenous to the

m od el.

If there is an “exi s t” th a t f ollows “ret

. ” then each contr o l listed a f ter the “exist” and before the first a m persand (&) is an

existing control and everything a f ter the “&” is a retrofit t h at is added to that m o d e l plant by the m odel run year gi v e n

. To

illu s t r a te the d i ff erence, l e t’s l o ok at pla n t types with t h e sa m e controls shown but with t h e word “Exist” absent and when

the word “Exi s t ” is present, there will be varia n ts in the place m ent of the first ampersand (&):

Sample Plant Types and Descrip tions

Plant Type Description

ExistS C R_ W FGD_ACI Existi n g Coal Ste a m with SCR, ACI and W et FGD

Ret.ACI & SCR & W etFGD Retrofit ACI, SCR, and W et FGD on Existi n g Coal Ste a m

Ret.ExistACI & SCR & W etFGD Retro f it SCR, and W et FGD on Existing C oal Steam with ACI

Ret.ExistS C R_ACI & W etFGD Retro f it W et FGD on Existing Coal Steam with SCR and ACI

Ret.Exist W etFGD & ACI & SCR Retro f it AC I

, and SCR on Existing Coal Ste a m with W et FGD

Ret.Exist W etFGD_ACI & SCR Retrofit SCR on Existing C o al Steam with ACI and W et FGD

Ret.Exist W etFGD_SCR & ACI Retrofit ACI on Existing C o al Steam with SCR and Wet FGD22 

### Appendix 3

- 2: Abbreviations Appearing in Model Plant Na m i ng

Abbre v iation Defin i tion

IGCC Integrated G a sificati o n C o mbined Cycle

PV Photovoltaic

ACI Activated C a rbon Inj e ction

FGD Flue g a s d e sulfurization

SCR Selecti v e Ca t al y tic Re d uct i on

SNCR Selective N o n Catalytic Red u ction

CC Comb i ned Cycle

CT Com b usti o n Turb i ne

CCS Carbon Cap t ure & Stora g e

Ret Retrofit

Exi s t Exi s ting