Operators by Race

Special Reports

Part 1

AC-02-SR-1

Revised April 2005

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Mike Johanns, Secretary

Dr. Joseph J. Jen, Under Secretary for

Research, Education, and Economics

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE

R. Ronald Bosecker, Administrator
.
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE CONTENTS III

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Update Alert:

The following data have been changed on page 2.

 Rhode Island has no Black or African American Operators. It no longer appears in the table. South Carolina

had 1,929 Black or African American operators in 2002, 1,949 in 1997, and 1,412 in 1997 (not adjusted for

coverage). South Dakota has been added to the table. It had 9 Black or African American operators in 2002,

8 in 1997, and 7 in 1997 (not adjusted for coverage).

Contents

Page 

Introduction ........................................................................ IV

TABLES

Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997

White ........................................................................... 1

Black or African American .......................................................... 2

American Indian or Alaska Native .................................................... 3

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .............................................. 4

Asian ........................................................................... 5

More than One Race Reported ....................................................... 6

Other Race ...................................................................... 7

Operators Reporting More than One Race, by U.S. and State, 2002 ........................... 8

APPENDIX

OMB Guidelines ................................................................... A-1
IV INTRODUCTION 2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Introduction

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This is the first in a series of special reports based on

data from the 2002 Census of Agriculture. This report

serves two major purposes. It pulls together the

relevant U.S. and State level 1997 and 2002 principal

operator counts formerly found in separate

publications. The report also provides, for the first

time, information on the race combinations most

commonly reported in the 2002 collection by those

operators who indicated they were of multiple races.

The report reproduces the coverage adjusted numbers

of principal operators by race for 1997, first published

in the February 3, 2004 preliminary release of the 2002

Census of Agriculture. It also includes the final 2002

numbers for principal operators by race, published in

the June 3, 2004 final release of the 2002 Census of

Agriculture. For comparison purposes, the numbers of

principal operators by race that were originally

published in the 1997 Census of Agriculture are also

included. Spanish, Hispanic or Latino origin is

considered an ethnicity and not a race. Data on the

numbers of operators of Spanish, Hispanic or Latino

origin are not shown in this report. Those data are

shown in Volume 1, Table 49, 2002 Census of

Agriculture. 

BACKGROUND

Censuses of agriculture before 2002 collected

information only for the principal operator of each

farming operation. For the first time, the 2002 Census

of Agriculture collected the total number of operators

for each operation. Up to three of the operators could

report their race and other demographic information. 

The numbers of minority farm operators in the 2002

Census of Agriculture and the coverage adjusted 1997

numbers are much higher than the original 1997

Census published numbers. The increases are due to

the fact that minority operated farms have historically

been missing from the census mail list at higher

percentages than other farms in general. This was

often because their farms are small, both in terms of

acres and value of agricultural products sold, and do

not appear on lists of farmers used for creating the

census mail list (refer to Appendix C, Table G of the

1992 and 1997 Census of Agriculture, not attached).

With the new coverage adjustment methodology used

in the 2002 Census of Agriculture (refer to Appendix

C of the 2002 Census of Agriculture, not attached), the

numbers of minority farm operators shown now reflect

the actual total numbers. Data on American Indian or

Alaska Native operators in this report includes only

those identified on individual reports. The data do not

include the number of operators who were counted on

a supplemental report form from American Indian

reservations. Data for all American Indian or Alaska

Native operators appears in Volume 1, Appendix B,

2002 Census of Agriculture. 

RACE CATEGORY CHANGES

Changes were also made to the report form between

the 1997 and 2002 censuses that might affect historical

comparability. Relevant sections of the report form are

reproduced in Figures 1 and 2. In the 2002 Census,

operators were given the opportunity to mark more

than one race category. Without detailed re-interview

studies, it is uncertain what race those respondents

would have chosen if limited to one category. Since

respondents in 2002 were given the opportunity to list

and provide demographic information on up to three

operators per farm, it is not clear whether some

respondents listed as the principal (and only operator)

in 1997 might have been listed in operator columns

two or three on the 2002 Census form. 

The 2002 Census also dis-aggregated the former Asian

or Pacific Islander race group. That single category

became two categories: Asian, and Native Hawaiian or

Other Pacific Islander. There are two other changes in

the 2002 Census that might affect comparability. The

Office of Management and Budget mandated asking

ethnicity before race. In addition, the racial category

"Other," which was listed in 1997, was eliminated

from the racial category choices. 
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE INTRODUCTION V

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Figure 1: 1997 Census of Agriculture Report Form: Race and Ethnicity Questions

Figure 2: 2002 Census of Agriculture Report Form: Race and Ethnicity Questions
VI INTRODUCTION 2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The OMB has established guidelines (OMB Bulletin No.

00-02, March 2000, see Appendix A) for aggregation and

allocation of race data for use in civil rights monitoring and

enforcement. Federal agencies are to include the five single

race categories of White, Black or African American,

American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or

other Pacific Islander, and Asian plus four specific

combinations of two races. Those were based on the

largest combinations reported in the 2000 Census of

Population and are: White and American Indian or Alaska

Native; White and Asian; White and Black or African

American; and Black or African American and American

Indian or Alaska Native. 

HIGHLIGHTS

Overall, very few operators in the 2002 Census of

Agriculture reported more than one race (0.4% of all United

States operators). The most commonly reported

combination of races was White and American Indian or

Alaska Native. In fact, this was the most reported

combination in every state butHawaii and Delaware. (Only

6 operators reported more than one race in Delaware.) The

next most commonly reported combination was White and

Black or African American. White and Asian was the third

most commonly reported combination. Many of these

operators were in Hawaii and California. 

Hawaii differs from other states in both percentage of

operators reporting more than one race and the most

frequently reported race combinations. In Hawaii, 12.5%

of all operators reported more than one race. The most

common combinations were White and Native Hawaiian or

Other Pacific Islander; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific

Islander and Asian; and White, Native Hawaiian or Other

Pacific Islanders, and Asian. 

Since the OMB guidelines include reporting combinations

that represent more than one percent of the population in a

jurisdiction, additional combinations of races are shown in

this report because the Hawaii counts of operators exceed

one percent.

This report includes two types of tables: Principal

Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997; and Operators

Reporting More than One Race: 2002. 
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE OPERATORS BY RACE 1

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997

White

U.S.

and

State

2002 1997

1997 not

adjusted for

coverage

Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W isconsin

W yoming

2,067,379

42,176

572

6,855

45,555

74,044

30,873

4,165

2,333

42,063

46,966

2,148

24,705

72,808

60,048

90,472

63,926

85,489

25,332

7,150

11,837

5,997

52,795

80,595

36,862

105,702

26,837

49,223

2,865

3,317

9,743

14,614

36,937

51,524

30,388

77,213

76,603

38,973

57,846

856

22,441

30,997

86,008

220,440

15,119

6,521

45,706

34,960

20,705

76,846

9,229

2,154,284

47,298

512

7,893

48,419

80,418

29,513

4,879

2,626

44,257

47,652

2,143

25,184

78,854

66,486

96,545

65,094

90,394

28,681

7,381

12,981

7,259

53,134

78,536

38,103

110,303

26,745

54,332

3,021

3,922

9,890

15,623

38,042

56,079

32,131

78,347

79,116

39,293

60,032

990

23,764

32,643

90,061

216,453

15,681

7,032

47,764

38,789

21,441

79,221

9,327

1,864,201

39,658

512

5,617

44,208

67,566

27,640

3,672

2,419

33,481

39,005

2,143

21,962

72,836

57,744

90,669

61,241

81,567

22,657

5,790

11,837

5,538

45,708

73,171

29,094

98,313

23,608

51,265

2,672

2,931

8,963

11,962

31,581

47,295

30,305

68,272

69,827

33,511

45,331

732

18,701

30,771

75,735

186,439

14,067

5,801

39,854

28,290

17,702

65,418

9,120
2 OPERATORS BY RACE 2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997

Black or African American

U.S.

and

State

2002 1997

1997 not

adjusted for

coverage

Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W isconsin

W yoming

29,090

2,350

1

41

982

278

47

5

22

1,068

1,988

12

8

59

55

31

116

687

1,856

239

23

184

16

5,145

205

5

9

7

2

66

56

70

1,686

168

840

28

62

1,929

9

1,054

5,979

4

2

1,583

43

37

27

6

26,785

2,251

1

23

780

396

39

7

9

807

1,487

8

22

123

61

40

122

593

1,580

219

22

133

36

3,925

219

8

73

3

 -

46

27

62

2,212

165

889

32

46

1,949

8

1,201

5,561

4

7

1,456

58

31

31

3

18,451

1,467

1

14

679

277

32

3

8

643

1,175

8

16

100

50

35

110

523

1,045

201

15

110

29

2,145

155

6

65

2

 -

41

19

50

1,515

135

722

21

32

1,412

7

893

3,462

3

6

1,127

34

26

21

3
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE OPERATORS BY RACE 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997

American Indian or Alaska Native

U.S.

and

State

2002 1997

1997 not

adjusted for

coverage

Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W isconsin

W yoming

15,494

349

32

291

424

977

256

5

9

317

180

30

160

61

93

61

203

168

106

17

56

19

146

111

78

450

924

83

85

17

23

403

85

455

205

192

4,546

410

70

83

639

236

1,501

91

18

112

426

43

102

146

12,911

288

19

321

213

676

156

13

10

168

102

18

139

65

105

66

174

143

103

13

26

8

120

123

74

354

836

70

123

2

20

448

49

707

208

145

3,982

247

65

54

530

185

952

43

9

61

377

40

153

108

10,638

229

19

264

186

524

136

8

10

135

73

18

122

56

77

50

158

123

75

10

20

5

98

109

46

297

632

64

112

2

18

412

39

513

192

116

3,630

184

41

45

496

127

657

41

8

47

197

31

82

104
4 OPERATORS BY RACE 2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

U.S.

and

State

2002 1997 1

1997 not

adjusted for

coverage 1

Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W yoming

983

5

2

4

218

6

1

15

13

424

7

6

5

2

2

11

4

1

1

13

2

3

15

7

3

4

2

3

2

1

8

12

51

6

6

4

7

67

1

7

6

21

1

4

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander was not a separate category in the 1997 Census of Agriculture. These 1

operators were included in the Asian category.
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE OPERATORS BY RACE 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997

Asian

U.S.

and

State

2002 1997 1

1997 not

adjusted for

coverage 1

Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W isconsin

W yoming

8,375

22

2

47

68

3,562

65

2

23

466

79

2,090

79

15

21

25

15

27

28

8

35

19

30

44

36

57

13

11

4

9

51

20

55

94

2

32

52

273

33

19

7

61

290

35

6

46

303

5

76

13

9,620

26

 -

44

40

3,746

87

3

17

276

53

3,212

112

34

22

30

23

43

25

6

19

13

35

45

32

58

19

37

2

1

68

8

64

78

2

43

41

261

49

19

4

59

244

63

1

53

395

9

93

5

8,731

22

 -

42

33

3,408

82

2

15

271

44

3,212

99

28

19

22

24

38

20

6

18

11

27

43

22

51

15

35

2

1

60

7

50

52

1

36

35

211

33

15

4

41

179

55

1

43

226

7

57

5

The 1997 data include Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders. 1
6 OPERATORS BY RACE 2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997

More than One Race Reported

U.S.

and

State

2002 1997 1

1997 not

adjusted for

coverage 1

Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W isconsin

W yoming

7,661

224

2

58

450

552

122

13

4

152

85

694

58

78

74

64

152

159

87

20

31

16

147

71

62

368

84

26

24

18

39

74

106

170

24

184

1,247

298

88

2

63

80

229

649

32

17

153

186

21

80

24

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

Operators could report only one race in 1997. 1
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE OPERATORS BY RACE 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997

Other Race

U.S.

and

State

2002 1997 1

1997 not

adjusted for

coverage

Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W isconsin

W yoming

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

12,276

9

16

226

41

2,755

402

3

9

300

49

92

133

36

33

24

63

25

36

2

9

5

97

15

16

52

24

27

49

3

21

1,770

47

44

1

37

 -

142

30

1

21

6

30

4,963

19

14

32

494

10

43

 -

9,838

8

16

198

36

2,351

378

2

8

269

37

92

115

31

26

16

60

22

26

2

8

5

84

15

11

44

18

25

41

3

19

1,694

37

31

1

32

 -

103

20

1

16

6

22

3,564

15

12

24

264

6

24

 -

This category was eliminated in the 2002 Census of Agriculture. 1
8 OPERATORS BY RACE 2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Operators Reporting More than One Race:

by U.S. and State, 2002

U.S.

and

State

Total 1

American

Indian

or Alaska

Native

and W hite

Asian and

W hite

Black or

African

American

and W hite

American

Indian

or Alaska

Native and

Black or

African

American

Number Number Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W isconsin

W yoming

12,005

376

8

92

580

899

228

24

6

223

125

978

74

109

126

86

234

260

110

28

57

31

265

97

118

607

140

42

34

26

55

114

158

280

39

260

1,924

441

186

3

101

131

389

1,081

63

26

242

307

54

119

49

8,791

276

7

76

536

639

178

15

1

152

101

52

61

85

106

73

194

221

74

26

35

26

221

77

78

470

133

37

22

20

39

84

119

175

29

178

1,795

356

140

2

54

105

293

820

59

23

131

228

42

95

32

711

18

 -

 -

3

105

8

2

4

45

7

233

6

4

4

6

11

5

 -

 -

5

3

5

5

 -

31

2

3

1

 -

6

6

7

6

4

12

15

15

4

 -

 -

8

16

29

1

 -

23

27

2

7

7

783

59

 -

1

16

22

6

 -

 -

7

 -

4

 -

9

12

3

10

18

16

1

10

1

23

8

29

61

3

 -

 -

 -

2

13

18

37

2

33

25

16

27

 -

32

7

45

136

1

3

36

9

8

12

2

275

6

 -

5

10

15

6

 -

1

2

6

1

 -

2

 -

1

7

5

7

 -

 -

 -

8

1

8

10

 -

 -

3

 -

6

 -

10

18

 -

6

49

11

6

 -

12

1

7

22

 -

 -

13

10

 -

 -

 -

Data were collected for a maximum of three operators per farm.

 1
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE OPERATORS BY RACE 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Operators Reporting More than One Race:

by U.S. and State, 2002 (continued)

U.S.

and

State

Native

Hawaiian

or Other

Pacific

Islander

and W hite

Native

Hawaiian

or Other

Pacific

Islander

and Asian

Native

Hawaiian

or Other

Pacific

Islander

and Asian

and W hite

Balance of

individuals

reporting

more than

one race

Number Number Number Number

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

W ashington

W est Virginia

W isconsin

W yoming

335

1

 -

 -

1

36

4

3

 -

1

 -

183

1

2

2

 -

2

5

8

1

 -

 -

 -

1

 -

5

1

 -

 -

 -

 -

3

1

2

3

10

12

11

5

 -

 -

3

4

6

1

 -

9

2

 -

3

3

275

 -

 -

 -

 -

19

2

 -

 -

1

 -

195

 -

1

 -

 -

1

 -

3

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

5

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

2

 -

5

 -

6

2

1

 -

3

3

8

1

 -

4

13

 -

 -

 -

160

 -

 -

 -

 -

5

 -

 -

 -

3

 -

131

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

1

 -

 -

 -

1

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

8

 -

5

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

1

 -

 -

4

1

 -

 -

 -

675

16

1

10

14

58

24

4

 -

12

11

179

6

6

2

3

9

6

2

 -

7

 -

8

5

3

24

1

2

8

6

2

8

3

40

1

8

28

21

2

 -

3

4

21

59

 -

 -

22

17

2

2

5
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE APPENDIX A A-1

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Appendix A.

OMB GUIDELINES

March 9, 2000 

1. OMB BULLETIN NO. 00-02

TO THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND ESTABLISHMENTS

SUBJECT: Guidance on Aggregation and Allocation of Data on Race for Use in Civil Rights

 Monitoring and Enforcement

1. Purpose: This Bulletin establishes guidance for agencies that collect or use aggregate data on race. It also establishes

guidance for the allocation of multiple race responses for use in civil rights monitoring and enforcement. 

2. Background: The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) announced revisions to the standards for classification of

Federal data on race and ethnicity in a Federal Register Notice of October 30, 1997 (62 FR 58782-58790). Revisions to

these standards followed a lengthy process that included considerable public involvement and active participation from

more than 30 Federal agencies. The revised standards require, among other things, that agencies offer individuals the

opportunity to select one or more races when reporting information on race in Federal data collections. The five minimum

race categories are American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other

Pacific Islander, and White. 

Census 2000 will be the first nationwide implementation of the revised standards. Data from Census 2000 will capture

more accurately the increasing diversity of the Nation's population. Results from Census 2000 will display the full range

of single and multiple race reporting by the American people.

As the revised standards for collecting and presenting data are implemented, we must ensure that we maintain our ability

to monitor compliance with laws that offer protections for those who historically have experienced discrimination. In

addition, we must minimize reporting burden for institutions such as schools and businesses that report aggregate data on

race to Federal agencies. 

In response to requests from agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing civil rights laws, OMB has led an

interagency group to develop guidance. This guidance addresses the collection of aggregate data when agencies request

information from businesses, schools, and other entities. The guidance also addresses the allocation by agencies of

responses, whether individual or aggregate, for use in civil rights monitoring and enforcement. 

3. Guidance for aggregation and allocation of multiple race responses for use in civil rights monitoring and

enforcement: The attached guidance is designed to be straightforward and easy to implement. It provides consistency

across agencies responsible for enforcing civil rights laws, and does not preclude the use of more detailed data if an agency

chooses to do so. The guidance does not involve methods that require either fractional or double counting of individuals,

or arbitrary allocation of responses to one minority group versus another.

4. Implementation process: OMB will continue to work closely with the enforcement agencies and the civil rights community

to assess these methods as they are implemented over the next few years and to consider the need for future modifications.

The guidance provided in this Bulletin will be reflected in the Provisional Guidance on the Implementation of the 1997

Standards for Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that will be available from OMB later this year. 

5. Inquiries: Inquiries concerning the information in this Bulletin should be directed to Katherine K. Wallman, Chief

Statistician (202-395-3093).

Jacob J. Lew

Director

Attachment
A-2 APPENDIX A 2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Guidance on Aggregation and Allocation of Multiple Race Responses

for Use in Civil Rights Monitoring and Enforcement

I. Aggregation Guidance: Census 2000 will provide 63 categories of data on the population by race; these data will be

available by April 1, 2001, at the national, state, local, and census tract levels. Data collected by Federal enforcement agencies

often are provided by businesses and institutions in aggregate form. To facilitate agency efforts to work with data on race,

an aggregation method is presented below. This method keeps intact the five single race categories, and includes the four

double race combinations most frequently reported in recent studies. The method also provides for the collection of

information on any multiple race combinations that comprise more than one percent of the population of interest. Based on

data from Census 2000, responsible agencies will determine which additional combinations meet the one percent threshold

for the relevant jurisdictions. A balance category is provided to report those individual responses that are not included in (1)

one of the five single race categories or four double race combinations or (2) other combinations that represent more than

one percent of the population in a jurisdiction. The following example illustrates this guidance. 

1 American Indian or Alaska Native

2 Asian

3 Black or African American

4 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

5 White

6 American Indian or Alaska Native and White

7 Asian and White

8 Black or African American and White

9 American Indian or Alaska Native and Black or African American

10 > 1 percent: Fill in if applicable ______________________

(1)

11 > 1 percent: Fill in if applicable______________________

12 Balance of individuals reporting more than one race

13 Total
2002 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE APPENDIX A A-3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

II. Allocation Guidance: Federal agencies will use the following rules to allocate multiple race responses for use in civil

rights monitoring and enforcement. 

Responses in the five single race categories are not allocated. 

Responses that combine one minority race and white are allocated to the minority race.

Responses that include two or more minority races are allocated as follows:

If the enforcement action is in response to a complaint, allocate to the race that the complainant alleges the

discrimination was based on. 

If the enforcement action requires assessing disparate impact or discriminatory patterns, analyze the patterns

based on alternative allocations to each of the minority groups.

Allocation for enforcement purposes should not be confused with various allocation methods under consideration for

"bridging" to past data collections as described in OMB's Provisional Guidance on the Implementation of the 1997 Standards

for Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. These bridging methods would take advantage of information being gleaned from

Census 2000 and other experimental work being carried out by the statistical agencies. The principal purpose of allocation

for bridging is to conduct trend or time series analysis. 

Based on Census 2000 data, agencies will determine the race combinations that meet the one percent threshold. For example, 1. 

in Hawaii there may well be combinations of race groups that meet this threshold such as Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific

Islander and Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and White, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

and Asian and White.