[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 208 (Monday, October 30, 2023)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 74033-74045]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-23791]


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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

18 CFR Parts 153 and 380

[Docket No. RM22-8-000; Order No. 900]


Engineering and Design Materials for Liquefied Natural Gas 
Facilities Related to Potential Impacts Caused by Natural Hazards

AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of Energy.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) issues 
this final rule to revise its regulations governing liquefied natural 
gas (LNG) facilities subject to sections 3 and 7 of the Natural Gas Act 
(NGA) by removing outdated references for seismic hazard evaluations 
and seismic design criteria for LNG facilities. In their place, the 
Commission codifies its existing practice of evaluating seismic and 
other natural hazards and design criteria for jurisdictional LNG 
facilities. These revisions are intended to reduce confusion about 
applicable technical requirements and clarify the information required 
in applications filed before the Commission to ensure the public is 
protected from potential catastrophic impacts caused by natural hazards 
from design through the operation of the LNG facilities.

DATES: This rule is effective December 29, 2023.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 
    Andrew Kohout (Technical Information), Office of Energy Projects, 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street NE, Washington, 
DC 20426, (202) 502-8053, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#9dfcf3f9eff8eab3f6f2f5f2e8e9ddfbf8effeb3faf2eb"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="43222d273126346d282c2b2c363703252631206d242c35">[email protected]</span></a>.
    Kenneth Yu (Legal Information), Office of the General Counsel, 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street NE, Washington, 
DC 20426, (202) 502-8482, <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e18a848f8f849589cf9894a187849382cf868e97"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="8de6e8e3e3e8f9e5a3f4f8cdebe8ffeea3eae2fb">[email protected]</span></a>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 
    1. In this final rule, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 
(Commission or FERC) revises its regulations under 18 CFR parts 153 and 
380 governing liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities subject to 
sections 3 and 7 of the Natural Gas Act (NGA) by removing references to 
a legacy agency (the National Bureau of Standards) that has been 
renamed and two technical standards \1\ related to seismic hazard 
evaluation and seismic design criteria for LNG facilities (Uniform 
Building Code's (UBC) Seismic Risk Map of the United States (Map) and 
National Bureau of Standards Information Report (NBSIR) 84-2833, Data 
Requirements for the Seismic Review of LNG Facilities) that have become 
outdated. Consistent with the Commission's previous rulemakings to 
update outdated regulations,\2\ the final rule codifies the

[[Page 74034]]

Commission's current practice for reviewing seismic and other natural 
hazard evaluation and design materials related to NGA section 3 and 7 
applications for LNG facilities, as memorialized in the Commission's 
Guidance Manual for Environmental Report Preparation for Applications 
Filed Under the Natural Gas Act, Volume II, Liquefied Natural Gas 
Project Resource Reports 11 and 13 Supplemental Guidance (2017 
Guidance).\3\ The Commission uses such engineering and design materials 
to assist in determining that the construction and operation of a 
proposed LNG facility will be safe and reliable for its entire life. 
The purpose of the rulemaking is to reduce confusion about the 
informational requirements under parts 153 and 380 of the Commission's 
regulations.
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    \1\ The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 
(NTTAA) defines ``technical standards'' as ``performance-based or 
design-specific technical specifications and related management 
systems practices.'' 15 U.S.C. 272 note. The Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) clarifies that the definition of technical standard 
includes, among other things, the definition of terms; 
classification of components; delineation of procedures; 
specification of dimensions, materials, performance, designs, or 
operations; measurement of quality and quantity in describing 
materials, processes, products, systems, services, or practices; 
test methods and sampling procedures; formats for information and 
communication exchange; or descriptions of fit and measurements of 
size or strength. Office of Mgmt. & Budget, Exec. Office of the 
President, Revised OMB Circular A-119, Federal Participation in the 
Development and Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and in 
Conformity Assessment Activities 2(a) (Jan. 27, 2016).
    \2\ See, e.g., Revisions to Reguls. Governing Authorization for 
Constr. of Nat. Gas Pipeline Facilities, Order No. 555, FERC Stats. 
& Regs. ] 30,928 (1991) (cross-referenced at 56 FERC ] 61,414), 
withdrawn, FERC Stats & Regs. ] 30,965 (cross-referenced at 62 FERC 
] 61,249) (before withdrawing the final rule, the Commission 
attempted to update and codify the Commission's practice of 
processing environmental data in part 380 by formalizing the use of 
resource reports); Applications for Authorization to Construct, 
Operate, or Modify Facilities Used for the Exp. or Imp. of Nat. Gas, 
Order No. 595, FERC Stats. & Regs. ] 31,054 (1997) (cross-referenced 
at 79 FERC ] 61,245) (codifying the Commission's practice of 
requiring engineering-related information and seismic information in 
NBSIR 84-2833); Revision of Existing Reguls. Governing the Filing of 
Applications for the Constr. & Operation of Facilities to Provide 
Serv. or to Abandon or Serv. Under Section 7 of the Nat. Gas Act, 
Order No. 603, FERC Stats. & Regs. ] 31,073 (1999) (cross-referenced 
at 87 FERC ] 61,125) (codifying the Commission's practice of 
allowing applicants to prepare environmental reports in the form of 
resource reports).
    \3\ Notice of Availability of the Final Guidance Manual for 
Env'l Preparation, 82 FR 12088 (Feb. 28, 2017). The 2017 Guidance is 
available at https://cms.ferc.gov/media/guidance-manual-volume-2pdf.
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I. Background

A. The Commission's Statutory Authority

    2. Under section 3(e) of the NGA, the Commission has exclusive 
jurisdiction over authorizing the siting, construction, expansion, and 
operation of LNG terminals onshore and in state waters.\4\ 
Additionally, section 3(a) of the NGA provides that the Commission may 
condition authorizations for the siting, construction, and operation of 
facilities used to import or export gas as it may find necessary or 
appropriate.\5\ The Commission also issues certificates of public 
convenience and necessity for LNG and other facilities used for the 
transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce under section 7 of 
the NGA.\6\ When acting on applications filed pursuant to these 
sections of the NGA, the Commission serves as the lead Federal agency 
for satisfying compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act 
(NEPA).\7\
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    \4\ 15 U.S.C. 717b(e)(1).
    \5\ Id. 717b(a). The 1977 Department of Energy (DOE) 
Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7151(b)) placed all section 3 
jurisdiction under DOE. The Secretary of Energy subsequently 
delegated authority to the Commission to ``[a]pprove or disapprove 
the construction and operation of particular facilities, the site at 
which such facilities shall be located, and with respect to natural 
gas that involves the construction of new domestic facilities, the 
place of entry for imports or exit for exports.'' DOE Delegation 
Order No. S1-DEL-FERC-2006, section 1.21A (May 16, 2006).
    \6\ 15 U.S.C. 717f(c).
    \7\ 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq; 15 U.S.C. 717n(b)(1).
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    3. Moreover, section 16 of the NGA authorizes the Commission to 
prescribe and issue rules and regulations that define technical terms 
and prescribe the form or forms of all applications and reports to be 
filed before the Commission, and the information which they must 
contain.\8\
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    \8\ 15 U.S.C. 717o.
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B. The Commission's LNG and NEPA Regulations

    4. The Commission's regulations implementing its statutory 
authority, codified in 18 CFR parts 153, 157, and 380, direct 
prospective applicants \9\ and applicants to provide information 
necessary for the Commission to process their applications.\10\ Part 
153 of the Commission's regulations pertains to applications for 
authorization to site, construct, or operate facilities used to export 
or import natural gas under section 3 of the NGA. These applications 
must include exhibits that are consistent with Sec.  153.8(a). In 
particular, paragraph (a)(5) requires a report containing detailed 
engineering and design information be included in an application's 
Exhibit E and references the Commission's Guidance Manual for 
Environmental Report Preparation.\11\ In addition, paragraph (a)(6) 
requires a report on earthquake hazards and engineering be included in 
an application's Exhibit E-1 \12\ and paragraph (a)(7) requires that an 
application include an Exhibit F, an environmental report that complies 
with Sec. Sec.  380.3 and 380.12 of the Commission's regulations.\13\
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    \9\ Applicants seeking authorization to construct LNG terminals 
are required to comply with the Commission's pre-filing process 
prior to filing an application with the Commission. Id. 717b-1(a); 
18 CFR 157.21.
    \10\ See 18 CFR 153.8(a)(5) and (6) and (a)(7)(i), 157.14(a)(7), 
157.21, 380.3, 380.12.
    \11\ Id. Sec.  153.8(a)(5).
    \12\ Id. Sec.  153.8(a)(6).
    \13\ Id. Sec.  153.8(a)(7)(i). See also id. Sec.  157.21 
(requiring prospective applicants of LNG import or export facilities 
to prepare an application that contains the environmental 
information prescribed in part 380).
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    5. Similarly, in part 157 of the Commission's regulations, which 
pertains to applications for certificates of public convenience and 
necessity for the construction and operation of facilities to provide 
interstate natural gas transportation service under section 7 of the 
NGA, Sec.  157.14(a) sets forth the exhibits that must accompany an NGA 
section 7 application. Paragraph (a)(7) requires the applicant to file 
an Exhibit F-1, an environmental report that complies with Sec. Sec.  
380.3 and 380.12 of the Commission's regulations.\14\
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    \14\ Id. Sec.  157.14(a)(7).
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    6. Section 380.3 establishes the information that an applicant must 
file, including information identified in Sec.  380.12 and appendix A 
to part 380.\15\ Section 380.12 identifies the content requirements for 
each of the environmental reports outlined in the 13 individual 
resource reports.\16\ Specifically, Sec.  380.12(h)(5) requires a 
report, in Resource Report 6 (Geological Resources), on earthquake 
hazards and engineering that conforms to NBSIR 84-2833 if the applicant 
proposes to construct and operate LNG facilities located in zones 2, 3, 
or 4 of the UBC map, or where there is potential for surface faulting 
or liquefaction.\17\
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    \15\ Id. Sec.  380.3(c)(2). Section 380.3(b) also requires 
applicants to provide all necessary or relevant information to the 
Commission and conduct studies that the Commission staff has 
considered necessary or relevant to determine the impact of the 
proposal on the environment. Id. Sec.  380.3(b)(1) and (2).
    \16\ Id. Sec.  380.12.
    \17\ Id. Sec.  380.12(h)(5).
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    7. Further, pursuant to Sec.  380.12(o), applicants must also 
prepare a report, Resource Report 13, that contains engineering and 
design material for the proposed LNG facility.\18\ The information 
provided in Resource Report 13 is used to evaluate the information 
provided in Resource Report 11, which addresses the potential hazard to 
the public from failure of LNG facility components resulting from 
accidents and natural catastrophes, including seismic events, the 
effects of these events on reliability, and the procedures and design 
features that have been used to reduce potential failures. Section 
380.12(o)(14) requires an applicant to identify how it will comply with 
the applicable U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations,\19\ 
including its siting requirements, the National Fire Protection 
Association (NFPA) 59A LNG Standards and, if applicable, U.S. Coast 
Guard's regulations \20\ pertaining to vapor dispersion calculations 
from LNG spills over water.\21\ As with Resource

[[Page 74035]]

Report 6, applicants must provide seismic information specified in 
NBSIR 84-2833 for LNG facilities that would be located in zone 2, 3, or 
4 of the UBC map when preparing Resource Report 13.\22\
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    \18\ Id. Sec.  380.12(o).
    \19\ 49 CFR part 193.
    \20\ 33 CFR part 127.
    \21\ 18 CFR 380.12(o)(14).
    \22\ Id. Sec.  380.12(o)(15).
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    8. Appendix A to part 380 summarizes the minimum filing 
requirements for these resource reports.\23\ Failure to comply with 
these minimum filing requirements can result in rejection of the 
application.\24\
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    \23\ Id. part 380, appendix A.
    \24\ Id. Sec. Sec.  153.21, 157.8. Commission practice is to 
issue data requests seeking to obtain missing information before an 
application is rejected.
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C. Outdated Technical Standards and Legacy Reference in Regulations

    9. As described above, both Resource Reports 6 and 13 require 
information based on the UBC map and NBSIR 84-2833. The UBC map groups 
the country into seismic risk classifications and formalizes 
construction standards based on those classifications. The last version 
of the UBC was published in 1997 \25\ and was subsequently replaced by 
the International Code Council's (ICC) International Building Code 
(IBC), first published in 2000.\26\ The IBC incorporates the U.S. 
Geological Survey's Seismic Risk Map of Ground Motions for the United 
States, seismic design categories in the Structural Engineering 
Institute (SEI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7, 
Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other 
Structures (ASCE 7),\27\ and NEHRP's Recommended Seismic Provisions for 
New Buildings and Other Structures.\28\
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    \25\ International Conference of Building Officials, Dwelling 
Construction Under the Uniform Building Code (1997 ed.).
    \26\ The IBC was most recently revised in 2021 and various 
editions are in use or have been adopted by states, territories, and 
municipalities. See International Code Council, International Codes, 
https://codes.iccsafe.org/codes/i-codes; International Code Council, 
International Building Code Adoption Map, https://www.iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/Code_Adoption_Maps.pdf (published Oct. 19, 2000); 
see also Rossberg, J., Leon, R.T., Evolution of Codes in the USA, 
https://www.nehrp.gov/pdf/UJNR_2013_Rossberg_Manuscript.pdf 
(detailing the historical changes to structural design codes in the 
United States).
    \27\ American Society of Civil Engineers, Release of ASCE/SEI 7-
22 Brings Important Changes to Structural Loading Standard, Building 
Safety Journal, International Code Council (Dec. 9, 2021), https://www.iccsafe.org/building-safety-journal/bsj-technical/release-of-asce-sei-7-22-brings-important-changes-to-structural-loading-standard.
    Additionally, we note that the National Earthquake Hazards 
Reduction Program (NEHRP), a Congressionally mandated, multi-agency 
partnership, is actively engaged in revisions to ASCE 7 and the IBC. 
NEHRP's Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other 
Structures often serves as the basis for changes to ASCE 7 and the 
IBC.
    \28\ The Commission has previously noted the importance of 
referencing the IBC and ASCE 7 because engineers must be 
knowledgeable of both the IBC and ASCE 7 to qualify as an engineer 
of record under state professional engineering requirements. See 
Background Section of the 2017 Guidance.
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    10. Published in 1984, NBSIR 84-2833 was intended to provide 
guidance for applicants requesting Commission authorization to 
construct LNG facilities on how to investigate a site to obtain 
geologic and seismic data for the Commission's seismic review of 
proposed LNG facilities.\29\ It also standardized the format for 
reporting this data to the Commission.\30\ In light of multiple 
revisions to DOT's minimum safety standards and NFPA 59A since 1984, 
NBSIR 84-2833 no longer serves as the most appropriate guidance to help 
applicants prepare resource reports for the Commission's review.
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    \29\ National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 84-2833: Data 
Requirements for the Seismic Review of LNG Facilities 1 (June 1984), 
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/IR/nbsir84-2833.pdf.
    \30\ Id.
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    11. On January 23, 2007, the Commission issued a draft document, 
Seismic Design Guidelines and Data Submittal Requirements for LNG 
Facilities, to address the confusion caused by these two outdated 
standards by updating and replacing the information in NBSIR 84-
2833.\31\ The Commission, however, never finalized those guidelines.
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    \31\ Seismic Design Guidelines & Data Submittal Requirements for 
LNG Facilities at ii (Jan. 23, 2007).
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    12. On February 22, 2017, as part of a larger effort to update its 
environmental reporting guidance, the Commission issued the 2017 
Guidance, recommending specific engineering-design information, the 
level of detail, and formatting that should be included in applications 
to help Commission staff evaluate and address a proposed project's 
potential safety and reliability impacts.\32\ The 2017 Guidance updated 
and clarified the level of detail and format of the information needed 
for the Commission's evaluation of hazards associated with proposed LNG 
facilities, including information regarding how accidents or natural 
catastrophes, including seismic events, would affect a proposed 
project's safety and reliability and whether the project's engineering 
design ensures adequate reliability and safety.\33\ For example, the 
guidance identified the types of natural hazards that should be 
analyzed, the natural hazard design investigations and design forces 
that should be referenced, the types of structures, systems, and 
components that should be described, and the types of diagrams and maps 
that should be included. The 2017 Guidance also recommended that 
applicants design certain LNG structures, systems, and components to be 
consistent with the seismic requirements of the 2005 version of ASCE 7 
to demonstrate that their proposed projects would not have a 
significant impact on public safety.\34\ The 2017 Guidance recommended 
other evaluation and design measures for other natural hazards based on 
the regulatory requirements in Sec.  380.12, DOT's regulations in 49 
CFR part 193, and other best practices.\35\
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    \32\ See 2017 Guidance at 1-1--1-2.
    \33\ See Background Section of the 2017 Guidance.
    \34\ Id.
    \35\ Id. and 13-94 (listing certain good engineering practices).
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D. Governmental Accountability Office's Report

    13. On August 6, 2020, the U.S. Government Accountability Office 
(GAO) issued a report recommending that the Commission update part 153 
of its regulations because they incorporate the outdated technical 
standard NBSIR 84-2833 and UBC.\36\ The GAO noted that the Commission 
issued the 2017 Guidance and the draft 2007 Guidelines to address 
applicants' confusion, but, because guidance documents are not binding, 
it recommended that the Commission review its regulations for outdated 
technical standards and update them accordingly so as to avoid 
confusing the public about current regulatory requirements.\37\
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    \36\ See U.S. Gov't Accountability Office, Natural Gas Exports: 
Updated Guidance and Regulations Could Improve Facility Permitting 
Processes 28 and Appendix II (Aug. 2020) (GAO Report), https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-20-619.
    \37\ Id. at 28-29, n.47.
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E. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

    14. On November 17, 2022, the Commission issued a notice of 
proposed rulemaking (NOPR) proposing to revise the Commission's 
regulations as described in this final rule.\38\ The Center for LNG 
(CLNG) and American Petroleum Institute (API) (together, commenters) 
filed a timely joint comment.\39\ As discussed below, the Commission 
considered the comment in preparing the final rule.
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    \38\ Updating Reguls. for Engineering and Design Materials for 
Liquefied Nat. Gas Facilities Related to Potential Impacts Caused by 
Nat. Hazards, 87 FR 72906 (Nov. 28, 2022), 181 FERC ] 61,142 (2022).
    \39\ CLNG and API Jan. 27, 2023 Comment.
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II. Discussion

    15. The current rulemaking clarifies and updates the informational 
requirements in the Commission's

[[Page 74036]]

regulations by codifying the current practice for processing NGA 
section 3 and 7 applications. As a brief overview of the Commission's 
practice, once an applicant files an application, Commission staff 
reviews it to ensure that it contains all the information required by 
the regulations. If the application is deficient, Commission staff 
issues requests for information to supplement the application. Once the 
application is complete, Commission staff then discloses to the public 
and the Commissioners in the NEPA document staff's analysis of the 
proposal's environmental, engineering, and safety effects. The 
environmental document includes Commission staff's recommendations 
related to the construction and operation of the project,\40\ including 
measures to mitigate adverse effects.\41\ If the Commission approves 
the application, the Commission's oversight of the project continues 
through final design, construction, commissioning, and operation of the 
project to ensure that the project has complied with the terms and 
conditions \42\ of the Commission's authorization order.\43\
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    \40\ Commission staff relies on performance and risk-based 
principles as part of its review to craft conditions related to the 
construction and operation of the proposed LNG facility.
    \41\ See, e.g., Final EIS for Texas LNG Project (CP16-116) 
(issued Mar. 15, 2019); Final EIS for Rio Grande LNG Project (CP16-
455) (issued Apr. 26, 2019).
    \42\ See 15 U.S.C. 717b(a), 717b(e)(3)(A), 717f(e) (authorizing 
the Commission to include terms and conditions to our authorization 
orders).
    \43\ See 15 U.S.C. 717b(a) (authorizing the Commission to issue 
supplemental orders as the Commission may find necessary or 
appropriate).
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    16. As the Commission has previously explained, applications that 
follow the same format result in a more expeditious Commission review 
and processing of applications.\44\ When an application lacks the 
information necessary for the Commission to review a proposal's 
potential impacts on the environment, public safety, or reliability, 
the Commission's review is delayed until the Commission obtains the 
missing information.\45\ The Commission has previously taken steps to 
clarify its regulations to reduce applicants' uncertainty when outdated 
Commission regulations were contributing to applicants' confusion about 
the Commission's practice or informational requirements.\46\ The 
purpose of codifying an existing practice is ``to provide better 
guidance to the regulated industry on what the Commission needs for its 
environmental analysis'' and ``when the information should be 
provided.'' \47\ As a result of this rulemaking, the Commission will be 
able to more ``quickly process applications in a way that protects the 
environment and ensures the procedural requirements of NEPA are met,'' 
\48\ as well as ensure the proposed LNG facilities will be constructed 
and operated in a safe and reliable manner.
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    \44\ See Revision of the Commission's Reguls. Under the Nat. Gas 
Act, FERC Stats. & Regs. ] 32,535, at 33,524 (1998) (cross-
referenced at 84 FERC ] 61,345) (Order No. 603 NOPR). Although Order 
No. 603 focused on NGA section 7 applications, the order changed the 
informational requirements for environmental reports in part 153 so 
that they comport with the requirements in part 157. Id. at 33,527-
28.
    \45\ See id. at 33,525 (stating ``[a]n incomplete filing 
necessitates time consuming staff data requests. However, the more 
complete the environmental information is at the time of filing, the 
more expeditiously the Commission can process the application.''). 
See also 18 CFR 153.21(b) (rejection of applications filed under 
part 153); 18 CFR 157.8 (rejection of applications filed under part 
157).
    \46\ See Order No. 603 NOPR, FERC Stats. & Regs. ] 32,535 at 
33,525 (explaining that ``conducting the environmental review is the 
most time consuming part of the certificate process. The Commission 
believes this is the result of several factors. First, too often 
pipelines are filing minimal information with the intention of 
filing the missing information at some later date . . . Further, 
applicants may be unsure of what is needed because many of the 
Commission's environmental regulations dealing with pipeline 
projects are either outdated, found in several parts of the CFR, or, 
in the case of the environmental report, as stated, replaced in 
current practice by a preferred format that does not appear anywhere 
in the regulations.'').
    \47\ Id.
    \48\ Id.
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A. This Rulemaking Complies With the National Technology Transfer and 
Advancement Act of 1995

    17. The commenters recommend that the Commission identify and use 
appropriate voluntary consensus standards in lieu of codifying the 
practices outlined in the Commission's 2017 Guidance but do not 
identify or recommend any specific standard that would be 
appropriate.\49\
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    \49\ See CLNG and API Jan. 27, 2023 Comment at 2.
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    18. Section 12(d) of the NTTAA \50\ requires all Federal agencies 
and departments to use technical standards that are developed or 
adopted by voluntary consensus standard bodies \51\ to carry out policy 
objectives or activities determined by the agencies and departments 
unless using such a standard is inconsistent with applicable law or 
otherwise impractical.\52\ The use of a voluntary consensus standard 
would be impractical, for example, if it would not be effective at 
meeting an agency's regulatory or program needs.\53\ Moreover, there 
may be instances where a suitable voluntary consensus standard does not 
exist.\54\ In either instance, an agency is permitted to use another 
standard other than a voluntary consensus standard.\55\
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    \50\ Public Law 104-113, 12(d), 110 Stat. 775 (1996).
    \51\ A voluntary consensus standard body is a type of 
association, organization, or technical society that plans, 
develops, establishes, or coordinates voluntary consensus standards 
using a voluntary consensus standards development process that 
includes following attributes or elements: openness, balance, due 
process, appeals process, and consensus. Revised OMB Circular A-119, 
2(e).
    \52\ 15 U.S.C. 272 note. OMB further establishes factors for 
agencies to consider when deciding to use a standard, including the 
nature of the agency's statutory mandate and the consistency of the 
standard with that mandate; the level of protection the standard 
provides or is expected to provide for public health, welfare, 
safety, and the environment; and the clarity and detail of the 
standard's language. Revised OMB Circular A-119 at 17-18.
    \53\ Revised OMB Circular A-119 at 4, 19-20. OMB further 
includes in the definition of impractical circumstances in which the 
use of a voluntary consensus standard would be infeasible, 
inadequate, ineffectual, or inefficient, or less useful than the use 
of another standard. Id. at 20.
    \54\ Id. at 20.
    \55\ See 15 U.S.C. 272 note; Revised OMB Circular A-119 at 20. 
When an agency uses a government-unique standard in lieu of a 
voluntary consensus standard, it must submit a report explaining its 
reason to OMB through NIST. We intend to submit the report for this 
rulemaking to NIST before December 31, as directed by OMB.
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    19. The final rule does not adopt voluntary consensus standards 
related to natural hazard evaluation and design criteria for LNG 
structures, systems, and components because adopting such standards 
would be impractical. The Commission's evaluation and analysis of LNG 
applications, which propose technically diverse types of facilities, 
must consider the unique locations that the LNG facilities will be 
sited, constructed, and operated. Over 2,500 standards exist that could 
be applicable to an LNG structure, system, or component.\56\ No one 
standard would apply to every application that the Commission reviews. 
Likewise, no individual application would be subject to every standard. 
To ensure that all types of proposals are covered by a standard would 
require that the Commission codify every potential consensus standard 
that could apply in its various LNG proceedings. Such an effort would 
be infeasible and would confuse applicants about which standards the 
Commission expects them to apply to their proposal.
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    \56\ For example, approximately 50 recent LNG applications filed 
with the Commission reference approximately 2,500 individual 
applicable codes and standards. On average, an application 
references nearly 400 codes and standards. On the margins, 
applications have ranged from less than 10 to more than 1,000 
proposed codes and standards.
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    20. Moreover, although some standards set criteria for the siting, 
design, construction, operation, and maintenance of LNG facilities, 
they often do not sufficiently detail the engineering information 
needed in an application to allow the Commission to

[[Page 74037]]

fully assess the reliability and safety of the LNG facilities. As a 
result, the lack of detail has led to applicants applying these 
standards inconsistently.\57\
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    \57\ NFPA 59A (2001 edition), for example, requires geotechnical 
investigations and testing to address subsurface behavior caused by 
loads induced by LNG structures, systems, and components. The 
standard, however, does not detail the parameters of the 
geotechnical investigations and testing. Specifically, it does not 
identify the locations and types of subsurface investigations that 
should be performed, including the number, location, spacing, cross-
sections, and depths of in-situ tests or the number and types of 
laboratory tests performed. Investigations, in-situ tests, and 
laboratory tests are dictated by site of the LNG facility and are 
necessary to describe the subsurface conditions used to determine 
the design of the foundations.
    ASCE 7-22 (2022 edition) is another example. ASCE 7-22 provides 
general requirements for buildings, other structures, and their 
nonstructural components that are subject to building code 
requirements, but how the ASCE 7-22 requirements apply to industrial 
facilities, such as LNG facilities, are less clear. For example, it 
does not define or consider the loads of equipment used during 
construction and operation and their effect on structures, systems, 
and components at industrial facilities (such as the dynamic loading 
from movement of construction equipment over below ground 
structures, systems, and components (e.g., buried pipelines or 
piping)).
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    21. The Commission's practice, informed by the 2017 Guidance, has 
been to clarify that, when applicants prepare Resource Report 13, they 
should provide certain specific information regarding the engineering 
of the proposed LNG facilities. This information includes identifying 
applicable Federal regulations, proposed codes and standards, as well 
as additional information on the proposed siting, design, construction, 
and operation. By having the applicants identify all Federal 
regulations, codes, and standards that apply to their project-specific 
and site-specific proposal, the Commission is then able to evaluate 
applications for LNG facilities on a case-by-case basis, determine and 
evaluate the Federal regulations, codes, and standards that apply 
(including any voluntary consensus standards that are adopted into 
those regulations). Based on the information, the Commission could more 
effectively coordinate with other Federal agencies with jurisdiction 
over the proposal, evaluate whether the identified regulations, codes, 
and standards contain informational gaps, and recommend modifications 
or conditions that should be included in the Commission's authorization 
based on the proposed LNG facilities and layers of protection \58\ that 
would reduce the risk of adverse effects to the public and the 
environment and reliability.\59\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ Layers of protection is a method to analyze the 
effectiveness of independent parts of a system's design to protect 
or mitigate the harms caused by an event. Layers of protection 
typically include a facility design that prevents hazardous events, 
control systems, safety instrumented prevention systems, physical 
protection systems, site security measures for controlling access to 
the plant, and onsite and offsite emergency response.
    \59\ See section 11.4 of 2017 Guidance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    22. For these reasons, we elect to codify the Commission's practice 
of obtaining information necessary for it to fulfill its regulatory 
mission in lieu of using a voluntary consensus standard, as permitted 
by the NTTAA.

B. Final Rule Further Clarifies Certain Terms

    23. The commenters request clarification about the following terms 
undefined in the NOPR: (i) ``structures, systems, and components;'' 
(ii) ``associated safety related structures, systems, and components;'' 
(iii) ``applicable codes and standards;'' and (iv) ``generally accepted 
codes, standards, and specifications.'' \60\ To prevent confusion, they 
recommend that the final rule define these terms and identify which 
codes and standards should be incorporated by reference into the 
Commission's regulations.\61\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \60\ CLNG and API Jan 27, 2023 Comment at 2.
    \61\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    24. We find no need to codify a definition for these terms but 
provide additional clarification below. When interpreting commonly used 
terms, such as ``structures, systems, and components'' and ``generally 
accepted,'' applicants should exercise the professional standard of 
care that is expected of engineers.\62\ ``Structures, systems, and 
components'' is a common engineering term used in connection with 
engineering design of complex systems, including LNG facilities.\63\ In 
general, structures provide structural support of loads. Examples 
include free-standing LNG storage tanks, free-standing equipment, pipe 
racks, buildings, and dikes, including their foundations. Systems are 
generally a collection of components that together perform a function. 
Examples include tank systems, transfer systems, firewater systems, 
electrical systems, and instrument and control systems. Components are 
equipment, or parts of equipment, that constitute pieces of larger 
systems. Examples include pumps, valves, and piping. The Commission's 
2017 Guidance also clarifies certain structures, systems, and 
components.\64\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \62\ See, e.g., 18 CFR 12.5 (the Commission expects a hydropower 
licensee or applicant to ``use sound and prudent engineering 
practices in any action relating to the design, construction, 
operation, maintenance, use, repair, or modification of a water 
power project or project works''). The Commission's expectations are 
consistent with the expectations of other Federal agencies. See, 
e.g., 49 CFR 193.2605 (DOT requires ``[e]ach operator [. . .] 
determine and perform, consistent with generally accepted 
engineering practice''); 29 CFR 1910.119(d)(3)(ii) (the Occupational 
Safety and Health Administration requires ``inspection and testing 
procedures [. . .] follow recognized and generally accepted good 
engineering practices''); 40 CFR 68.48(b) (the Environmental 
Protection Agency requires owners or operators of certain facilities 
that use and distribute hazardous chemicals ``to ensure that the 
process is designed in compliance with recognized and generally 
accepted good engineering practices'').
    \63\ We recognize that Federal agencies that share the 
responsibility of regulating LNG facilities may have different 
codified definitions for structures, systems, or components, 
determined by their own regulatory needs and statutory authorities. 
See, e.g., 49 CFR 193.2007 (DOT defines ``component'' as ``any part, 
or system of parts functioning as a unit, including, but not limited 
to, piping, processing equipment, containers, control devices, 
impounding systems, lighting, security devices, fire control 
equipment, and communication equipment, whose integrity or 
reliability is necessary to maintain safety in controlling, 
processing, or containing a hazardous fluid''). Once the final rule 
becomes effective, new Sec.  380.12(o)(14) will require prospective 
applicants and applicants to identify the regulations applicable to 
their proposal and explain how their proposal complies with them.
    \64\ See, e.g., section 13.3.1 of the 2017 Guidance (Earthquake 
design conditions) and Att. 4 of the 2017 Guidance (Sample 
Categorization of LNG structures, Components, and Systems).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    25. Structures, systems, and components that are ``associated'' 
with safety depend on context, such as the structure, system, or 
component's purpose and the characteristics of the surrounding area. 
Generally, a structure, system, or component that is ``associated'' 
with safety would be one that provides a layer of protection that the 
LNG operator relies on to prevent or reduce the likelihood of failure 
of a particular structure, system, or component, or limit, mitigate, or 
reduce the consequences of a failure. An example of system associated 
with safety is a firewater system because it is used to prevent failure 
of structures, systems, or components within the overall LNG plant, 
when exposed to a potential fire (e.g., pipe rack failure, pressure 
vessel burst, boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion). Other examples 
include security systems, such as emergency lighting, including the 
emergency backup power generators and fuel supply, that reduce the 
likelihood of an intentional act that could result in failure of 
structures, systems, or components; and dikes that are used to contain 
spills from an LNG storage tank to limit the pool spread and reduce the 
consequences from subsequent dispersion of flammable vapors and fire 
impacts.\65\ As noted

[[Page 74038]]

earlier, when interpreting terms, applicants should exercise the 
professional standard of care that is expected of engineers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \65\ The list of examples here is not intended to be exhaustive 
or capture the full scope of structures, systems, or components 
associated with safety. There may also be less critical systems that 
are associated with safety, such as instrument air systems that are 
used to control pneumatic (air) operated valves that can fail even 
when they are set in a safe position because of loss of instrument 
air, and valves and associated electrical cabling that are fire-
rated to prevent spurious maloperation. The 2017 Guidance provides 
more examples. See 2017 Guidance, Attachment 4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    26. With regard to ``applicable'' codes and standards, the 
applicability of the code or standard is informed by the context of the 
sentence and paragraph. For instance, new Sec.  380.12(o)(15)(i)(B) 
requires Resource Report 13 to include ``[t]he design classification 
for each structure, system, and component in accordance with all 
applicable federal, state, and local requirements and applicable codes 
and standards.'' The ``applicable'' codes and standards, in this 
context, refers to codes and standards that have requirements for 
design classification of structures, systems, and components. The 
applicable Federal regulations may also inform the applicability of 
codes and standards.
    27. It is worth noting that the final rule does not make the 
Commission's 2017 Guidance obsolete. Even after the final rule becomes 
effective, prospective applicants and applicants are still advised to 
refer to guidance to understand the Commission's expectations for 
informational and formatting requirements under our regulations. If the 
Commission finds that certain terms continue to confuse applicants, 
which in turn may delay the Commission's review of their applications, 
the Commission will issue guidance to provide further assistance.

C. Final Rule Has No Retroactive Effect

    28. The commenters seek clarity that the requirements in the final 
rule will not be retroactively applied to existing jurisdictional LNG 
facilities.\66\ They are concerned that existing operators who file an 
application or request Commission approval to modify operations, 
expand, or add equipment to their LNG facilities would be required to 
upgrade or retrofit the existing facility to comply with the new 
requirements.\67\ To help avoid confusion, they recommend that we amend 
parts 153, 157, and 380 by adding a new applicability section that 
states the new requirements do not apply to existing LNG facilities 
authorized before the effective date of the final rule.\68\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \66\ CLNG and API Jan 27, 2023 Comment at 3.
    \67\ Id.
    \68\ Id. at 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    29. We decline to adopt commenters' recommendation because Sec.  
380.12(o) already specifies the applicability of the content and 
formatting requirements for Resource Report 13. It plainly states that 
the ``report is required for construction of new [LNG] facilities, or 
the recommissioning of existing LNG facilities.'' \69\ Therefore, the 
requirements in new Sec.  380.12(o)(14) would apply only to applicants 
who file an application to construct new LNG facilities or recommission 
existing LNG facilities once the final rule is effective.\70\ Adding a 
new applicability section would be redundant and unnecessary.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \69\ 18 CFR 380.12(o) (emphasis added).
    \70\ With respect to applications that are still pending 
Commission approval when the final rule becomes effective, to the 
extent that these applications are not already consistent with the 
final rule, the Commission will not require these applicants to 
amend their applications to comport with the new requirements in 
this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Regulatory Burden Analysis Is Sufficient

    30. The commenters recommend that the final rule compare the 
regulatory burden of final rule with the existing regulatory burden. 
They identify one new requirement that they assert could introduce a 
new burden. The NOPR proposes in new Sec.  380.12(o)(15)(iii)(A)(22) 
that applicants are required to describe the proposed LNG facility's 
seismic monitoring system, which includes a minimum of one triaxial 
ground motion recorder installed to register the free-field ground 
motion and additional triaxial ground motion recorders on each LNG tank 
system foundation, LNG tank roof, and associated safety related 
structures, systems, and components. They argue that the term 
``associated safety related structure, systems, and components'' is 
vague and that it is unclear how many ground motion recorders would be 
required. The commenters add that applicable codes and standards, such 
as American Concrete Institute Code 376-11, Code Requirements for 
Design and Construction of Concrete Structures for Containment of 
Refrigerated Liquefied Gases,\71\ do not require accelerometers for LNG 
tanks with Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE) peak ground accelerations 
less than 0.1 gravity. If the final rule requires accelerometers for 
such LNG tanks and associated systems, structures, and components, it 
would constitute a new regulatory burden, which the commenters 
oppose.\72\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \71\ The code provides minimum design and construction 
requirements for reinforced concrete and prestressed structures for 
the storage and containment of refrigerated liquefied gases.
    \72\ Id. at 3-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    31. We do not anticipate that compliance with this rule will alter 
current practice. With respect to new Sec.  380.12(o)(15)(iii)(A)(22), 
contrary to the commenters' argument, the new regulation does not 
require that LNG facilities have a certain number of seismic monitoring 
systems or accelerometers. The new requirement, which implements the 
seismic monitoring system recommendations in the 2017 Guidance, 
requires only that Resource Report 13 describe how the proposed seismic 
monitoring system would be designed in accordance with all applicable 
Federal requirements and applicable codes and standards. Nevertheless, 
the final rule replaces ``a minimum of one'' with ``any'' in new Sec.  
380.12(o)(15)(iii)(A)(22) to avoid unnecessary confusion about whether 
the final rule establishes a specific number of triaxial ground motion 
recorders. In terms of where the seismic monitoring equipment are 
required to be located, the new section does not require anything other 
than a description of what the applicant proposes, which should follow 
the requirements under Federal requirements and applicable codes and 
standards. If the Commission determines that the specifics of the 
proposal require additional seismic monitors to ensure safety and 
reliability, the order authorizing the application would include such a 
condition.
    32. The commenters contend that the final rule will eliminate the 
flexibility that is purportedly in the 2017 Guidance, which allows 
applicants to exercise alternative approaches to prepare seismic 
information.\73\ They quote NBSIR 84-2833 for support: ``However, if an 
applicant believes that the particular seismology and geology of a site 
indicate that some of the information identified in this report need 
not be provided, that information should be identified in the 
application, and supporting rationale or data to justify clearly such 
departures should be presented.'' \74\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \73\ CLNG and API Jan. 27, 2023 Comment at 4.
    \74\ Id. at 4 (quoting NBSIR 84-2833 at 1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    33. The commenters are mistaken. The flexibilities in the 2017 
Guidance are preserved by its codification in this rulemaking. The 
final rule does not enumerate specific Federal regulations or codes or 
standards that applicants must apply to the safe and reliable design, 
construction, operation, and maintenance of jurisdictional LNG 
facilities. Instead, consistent with the 2017 Guidance and the 
Commission's practice, the final rule instructs applicants to identify 
all applicable

[[Page 74039]]

Federal regulations, including codes and standards when preparing their 
application, and to explain how their proposal would comply with these 
regulations and requirements.\75\ To the extent that applicants 
currently identify information that is not necessary in a geotechnical 
report based on the seismology and geology of the proposed site, 
applicants are free to continue to identify the unnecessary information 
and provide an explanation or rationale for their decision. The 
Commission would review the information that is provided in Resource 
Report 13 and coordinate with other Federal agencies with jurisdiction 
over the proposed LNG facility to ensure that there is sufficient 
information to assist in the public safety and reliability review of 
the proposals. Further, if the Commission finds the application 
contains insufficient information based on applicable regulations, 
codes and standards, or is unable to demonstrate that their proposed 
facilities would be sited, designed, constructed, and operated safely 
and reliably, the Commission may issue data requests for further 
information or clarification.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \75\ See, e.g., 18 CFR 380.12(o)(14) (to be codified). The 
identify-and-explain approach is commonplace in the Commission's 
existing LNG regulations, such as 18 CFR 380.12(o)(13) (``Provide a 
list of all permits or approvals from local, state, Federal, or 
Native American groups or Indian agencies required prior to and 
during construction of the plant, and the status of each, including 
the date filed, the date issued, and any known obstacles to 
approval. Include a description of data records required for 
submission to such agencies and transcripts of any public hearings 
by such agencies. Also provide copies of any correspondence relating 
to the actions by all, or any, of these agencies regarding all 
required approvals.''); Id. Sec.  50.5(e)(6) (requiring a similar 
list with regard to applicants seeking to initiate a pre-filing 
proceeding site new transmission facilities); Id. Sec.  5.6(a) 
(mandating a similar requirement with regard to pre-application 
documents for certain hydropower projects).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Section-by-Section Discussion of Changes to Parts 153 and 380

    34. Section 153.2 defines terms used in part 153 and paragraph (b) 
defines the NBSIR as National Bureau of Standards Information Report. 
Because NBSIR is outdated and the National Bureau of Standards has been 
renamed the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the final 
rule deletes existing Sec.  153.2(b).
    35. Section 153.8 identifies the exhibits required to accompany an 
application filed under section 3 of the NGA. Existing paragraph (a)(6) 
references outdated NBSIR 84-2833 and the UBC map related to preparing 
a report on earthquake hazards and engineering materials. The final 
rule deletes this paragraph and codifies in its place the relevant 
recommendations from the Commission's 2017 Guidance in new Sec.  
380.12(o)(15).\76\ Since paragraph 4 of the section entitled ``Resource 
Report 6--Geological Resources in Appendix A to Part 380--Minimum 
Filing Requirements for Environmental Reports Under the NGA'' 
references the now-removed Sec.  153.8(a)(6), the final rule also 
removes this paragraph.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \76\ Id. Sec.  153.8(a)(7) contains an errant ``(i)'' 
designation, which this final rule removes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    36. Part 380 of the Commission's regulations implement NEPA. For 
the same reason as deleting existing Sec.  153.8(a)(6), the final rule 
deletes paragraph (h)(5) of 380.12 about preparing Resource Report 6. 
The final rule also removes paragraph (o)(15) and replaces it with 
recommendations from the 2017 Guidance. Specifically, new Sec.  
380.12(o)(15)(i) requires applicants to provide general site-specific 
engineering information used in the geotechnical and structural design 
of all structures, systems, and components. This information would 
address occupancy and risk categorization, clarify an applicant's 
interpretation of risk and reliability tolerances, ensure an 
application discusses how the project design would withstand load 
combinations, and ensure that an applicant's selection of risk 
categorizations and associated mean recurrence intervals to withstand 
natural hazards adequately address public safety impacts.
    37. Similarly, new Sec.  380.12(o)(15)(ii) requires applicants to 
provide geotechnical information needed to address the subsurface 
behavior from loads induced by structures, systems, and components for 
LNG projects. This section addresses the scope of investigations needed 
to identify safety concerns and mitigative measures and replaces the 
scope of information that was previously required by the outdated 
standards.
    38. Finally, new Sec.  380.12(o)(15)(iii) requires applicants to 
provide information related to the facility's ability to withstand 
certain natural hazards, such as seismic events, floods, and 
hurricanes, and aligns with Commission staff's current guidance to 
applicants, as well as those adopted in certain Federal regulations 
(including the Commission's existing Sec.  380.12(m), and applicable 
codes and standards such as NFPA 59A, ASCE 7, and the IBC).
    39. Although not proposed in the NOPR, the final rule also revises 
existing Sec.  380.12(o)(12), which currently requires only that 
Resource Report 13 identify codes and standards related to siting of a 
proposed LNG plant and marine terminal, if applicable. Because the 
Commission's authority is to ensure public safety and reliability of 
proposed LNG facilities not only during siting of the facilities but 
also during construction and operations of those facilities, the final 
rule revises existing Sec.  380.12(o)(12) so that Resource Report 13 
would now include identification of codes and standards for the design, 
construction, testing, monitoring, operation, and maintenance of the 
LNG facility in addition to identification of codes and standards for 
siting.\77\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \77\ This revision to Sec.  380.12(o)(12) is consistent with the 
stated purpose of the NOPR, which is to update the information 
requirements related to filing an application to site, construct, 
expand, or operate an LNG terminal under section 3 of the NGA or 
construct or operate an LNG facility under section 7 of the NGA. See 
NOPR, 181 FERC ] 61,142 at P 1 & Summary. The NOPR discussed the 
need to clarify the use of standards related to our oversight of 
jurisdictional activities beyond the design of LNG facilities. See, 
e.g., id. PP 1, 2-6, 12, 19. It reasonably follows that applicants 
should identify all standards and codes that apply to the LNG 
components, not only those that relate to design, in order for the 
Commission to ensure that the LNG facilities, once approved, are 
constructed and operated in accordance with the Commission-approved 
designs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    40. With respect to Sec.  380.12(o)(14), it currently requires 
applicants to identify how they would comply with an unspecified 
edition of NFPA 59A, part 193 of the DOT's regulations, and part 127 of 
the Coast Guard's regulations. Not all LNG facilities under the 
Commission's jurisdiction, however, are required to meet the design 
criteria specified in NFPA 59A, DOT's regulations, or Coast Guard 
regulations. Instead, they may be subject to other Federal regulations, 
such as the Environmental Protection Agency's regulations pertaining to 
its chemical accidental prevention program (40 CFR part 68) or the 
Occupational Safety and Health Administration's regulations regarding 
the safe management of highly hazardous chemicals (29 CFR 1910.119). To 
prevent confusion about the informational requirements that the 
Commission applies to its review of applications for the construction 
and operation of LNG facilities, the final rule modifies Sec.  
380.12(o)(14) by requiring applicants to identify all Federal 
regulations and requirements that apply to the siting, design, 
construction, testing, monitoring, operation, and maintenance of the 
proposed project and demonstrate how the proposed project will, at a 
minimum, comply with all applicable Federal requirements and applicable 
codes and standards.

[[Page 74040]]

III. Regulatory Requirements

A. Information Collection Statement

    41. The information collection requirements contained in this final 
rule are subject to review by the OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act 
of 1995.\78\ OMB's regulations require approval of certain information 
collection requirements imposed by agency rules.\79\ Upon approval of a 
collection of information, OMB will assign an OMB control number and an 
expiration date. Respondents subject to the filing requirements of a 
rule will not be penalized for failing to respond to the collection of 
information unless the collection of information displays a valid OMB 
control number.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \78\ 44 U.S.C. 3507(d).
    \79\ 5 CFR 1320.11.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    42. This final rule removes references to a legacy agency and two 
outdated technical standards for seismic hazard evaluations and seismic 
design criteria for LNG facilities and codifies certain existing 
practices concerning natural hazard evaluations and design for LNG 
facilities contained in the Commission's 2017 Guidance. The final rule 
modifies certain reporting and recordkeeping requirements included in 
FERC-537 (OMB Control No. 1902-0060), FERC-539 (OMB Control No. 1902-
0062), and FERC-577 (OMB Control No. 1902-0128).\80\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \80\ In the proposed rule, the Commission used FERC-539A & FERC-
577A as temporary placeholder designations for the purposes of this 
rulemaking. The permanent designations (i.e., FERC-539 and FERC-577) 
were pending renewal at OMB, and no more than one information 
collection may be pending at OMB at one time. At present, FERC-539 
and FERC-577 are available so the final rule references these OMB 
control numbers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    43. Interested persons may obtain information on the reporting 
requirements by contacting Ellen Brown, Office of the Executive 
Director, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street NE, 
Washington, DC 20426 by email (<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#bdf9dcc9dcfed1d8dccfdcd3ded8fddbd8cfde93dad2cb"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="4e0a2f3a2f0d222b2f3c2f202d2b0e282b3c2d60292138">[email protected]</span></a>) or phone (202) 
502-8663.
    44. Title: FERC-537 (Gas Pipeline Certificates: Construction, 
Acquisition, and Abandonment).
    Action: Revisions of information collection FERC-537.
    OMB Control No.: 1902-0060.
    Respondents: Natural gas companies.
    Frequency of Information Collection: Ongoing.
    Abstract: The final rule requires prospective applicants and 
applicants to provide engineering and design materials related to 
natural hazards to comport with the Commission's current practice of 
processing section 7 applications related to LNG facilities.
    Necessity of Information: The revisions are intended to update the 
currency of the Commission's regulations and reduce confusion related 
the preparation and filing of applications to site, design, construct, 
operate, or modify LNG facilities used in interstate commerce. The 
revised regulations affect only entities that file applications with 
the Commission for jurisdictional LNG facilities and do not increase or 
decrease the recently approved burden on respondents since the final 
rule codifies the Commission's existing practices.\81\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \81\ See Order No. 603 NOPR, FERC Stats. & Regs. ] 32,535 at 
33,526 (in a similar rulemaking in which the Commission codified 
existing practice for reviewing environmental reports, the 
Commission noted ``that the proposed changes to the environmental 
regulations discussed above do not change the filing requirements 
burden on the pipeline. They simply codify existing standard 
practice to help expedite the environmental review process.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    45. Title: FERC-539 (Gas Pipeline Certificate: Import/Export of 
LNG).
    Action: Revisions of information collection FERC-539.
    OMB Control No.: 1902-0062.
    Respondents: Natural gas companies seeking to import and/or export 
LNG.
    Frequency of Information Collection: Ongoing.
    Abstract: The final rule requires prospective applicants and 
applicants to provide engineering and design materials related to 
natural hazards to comport with the Commission's current practice of 
processing section 3 applications related to LNG facilities.
    Necessity of Information: The revisions are intended to update the 
currency of the Commission's regulations and reduce confusion related 
the preparation and filing of applications to site, design, construct, 
operate, or modify facilities for the import or export of LNG. The 
revised regulations affect only entities that file applications with 
the Commission for LNG facilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \82\ The Commission staff estimates that industry is similarly 
situated in terms of hourly cost (for wages plus benefits). Based on 
the Commission's FY (Fiscal Year) 2021 average cost (for wages plus 
benefits), $87.00/hour is used.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    46. The estimated burdens for FERC-539, because of the final rule 
in RM22-8-000, are as follows:

 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        Number of
       Number of respondents          responses per   Total number of   Average burden hours & average   Total annual burden hours &        Cost per
                                       respondent        responses        cost \82\ per response ($)        total annual cost ($)        respondent ($)
(1)                                             (2)    (1) * (2) = (3)  (4)...........................  (3) * (4) = (5)..............    (5) / (1) = (6)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6..................................               2                 12  15 hours; $1,305..............  180 hours; $15,660...........             $2,610
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    47. Title: FERC-577 (LNG Facilities: Environmental Review and 
Compliance).
    Action: Revisions of information collection FERC-577.
    OMB Control No.: 1902-0128.
    Respondents: Natural gas companies seeking authorization to site, 
design, construct, operate, or modify LNG facilities.
    Frequency of Information: Ongoing.
    Abstract: The final rule requires prospective applicants and 
applicants, filing an application pursuant to sections 3 or 7 of the 
NGA, to provide engineering and design materials related to natural 
hazards to comport with the Commission's current practice of processing 
environmental reports filed pursuant to part 380 of the Commission's 
regulations.
    Necessity of Information: The revisions are intended to update the 
currency of the Commission's regulations and reduce confusion related 
the preparation and filing of applications to site, design, construct, 
operate, or modify LNG facilities. To facilitate the Commission's 
review of these applications, applicants are required to also file 
resource reports detailing engineering and design materials to assist 
the Commission's understanding of the LNG facility's impact on the 
environment, safety, security, and reliability. The revised regulations 
affect only entities that file applications with the Commission for LNG 
facilities.
    48. The estimated burdens for FERC-577, because of the final rule 
in RM22-8-000, are as follows:

[[Page 74041]]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Number of                                                                                                 Cost per
    Number of respondents       responses per   Total number of     Average burden hours & average      Total annual burden hours &      respondent ($)
                                 respondent        responses       cost per response ($) (rounded)    total annual cost ($) (rounded)      (rounded)
(1)                                       (2)    (1) * (2) = (3)  (4)..............................  (3) * (4) = (5).................    (5) / (1) = (6)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6............................              16                 96  193.52 hours; $17,610.32.........  18,578 hours; $1,690,591........           $281,765
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission has reviewed the proposed revisions and has 
determined that they are necessary. These requirements conform to the 
Commission's need to ensure public safety, secure jurisdictional 
infrastructure, and enhance efficient information collection, 
communication, and management within the energy industry. The 
Commission has assured itself, by means of internal review, that there 
is specific, objective support for the burden estimates associated with 
the information collection requirements for FERC-537, FERC-539, and 
FERC-577.

B. Environmental Analysis

    49. The Commission is required to prepare an Environmental 
Assessment or an Environmental Impact Statement for any action that may 
have a significant effect on the human environment.\83\ Excluded from 
this requirement are rules that are clarifying, corrective, or 
procedural, or that do not substantially change the effect of 
legislation or the regulations being amended.\84\ This final rule 
revises the filing requirements for new or recommissioned existing LNG 
facilities by deleting references to a legacy agency and two outdated 
technical standards. Because this rule is corrective, aligns the 
Commission's regulations with the Commission's current practice, and 
does not substantially change the effect of the regulations being 
amended, preparation of an Environmental Assessment or Environmental 
Impact Statement is not required.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \83\ Reguls. Implementing the Nat'l Env'l Policy Act of 1969, 
Order No. 486, FERC Stats. & Regs. ] 30,783 (1987) (cross-referenced 
at 41 FERC ] 61,284).
    \84\ 18 CFR 380.4(a)(2)(ii).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act Certification

    50. The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (RFA) \85\ generally 
requires a description and analysis of rules that will have significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The RFA 
mandates consideration of regulatory alternatives that accomplish the 
stated objectives of a rule and minimize any significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities.\86\ In lieu of 
preparing a regulatory flexibility analysis, an agency may certify that 
a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities.\87\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \85\ 5 U.S.C. 601-612.
    \86\ Id. 603(c).
    \87\ Id. 605(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    51. The Small Business Administration's (SBA) Office of Size 
Standards develops the numerical definition of a small business.\88\ 
SBA regulations designate natural gas pipelines (i.e., NAICS 4865210) 
as small entities if they do not exceed the size standard of $36.5 
million.\89\ For the past five years, one company not affiliated with 
larger companies had annual revenues in combination with its affiliates 
of $36.5 million or less and therefore could be considered a small 
entity under the RFA. This represents about five percent of the total 
potential respondents that may have a significant burden imposed on 
them.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \88\ 13 CFR 121.101.
    \89\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    52. As noted earlier, the final rule will affect only entities 
filing new applications to site, construct, operate, or expand an LNG 
facility pursuant to sections 3 or 7 of the NGA once the final rule 
becomes effective. As a result of removing outdated terms and aligning 
the Commission's regulatory text with current environmental information 
practices, the final rule will reduce confusion about the Commission's 
requirements, which would necessitate the issuance of fewer data 
requests to obtain a complete application that better reflects safe 
design, construction, maintenance, and operation of proposed LNG 
facilities.
    53. Accordingly, pursuant to section 605(b) of the RFA, the 
Commission certifies that this final rule would not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.

D. Document Availability

    54. In addition to publishing the full text of this document in the 
Federal Register, the Commission provides all interested persons an 
opportunity to view and/or print the contents of this document via the 
internet through the Commission's Home Page (https://www.ferc.gov).
    55. From the Commission's Home Page on the internet, this 
information is available on eLibrary. The full text of this document is 
available on eLibrary in PDF and Microsoft Word format for viewing, 
printing, and/or downloading. To access this document in eLibrary, type 
the docket number excluding the last three digits of this document in 
the docket number field.
    56. User assistance is available for eLibrary and the Commission's 
website during normal business hours from the Commission's Online 
Support at (202) 502-6652 (toll free at 1-866-208-3676) or email at 
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#97f1f2e5f4f8f9fbfef9f2e4e2e7e7f8e5e3d7f1f2e5f4b9f0f8e1"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="74121106171b1a181d1a11070104041b060034121106175a131b02">[email protected]</span></a>, or the Public Reference Room at (202) 502-
8371, TTY (202) 502-8659. Email the Public Reference Room at 
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e19194838d8882cf9384878493848f8284938e8e8ca187849382cf868e97"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="572722353b3e34792532313225323934322538383a173132253479303821">[email protected]</span></a>.

List of Subjects

18 CFR Part 153

    Exports, Imports, Natural gas, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

18 CFR Part 380

    Environmental impact statements, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    By direction of the Commission. Commissioner Danly is concurring 
with a separate statement attached.

    Issued: October 23, 2023.
Kimberly D. Bose,
Secretary.

    In consideration of the foregoing, the Commission amends parts 153 
and 380, chapter I, title 18, Code of Federal Regulations, as follows.

PART 153--APPLICATIONS FOR AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT, OPERATE, OR 
MODIFY FACILITIES USED FOR THE EXPORT OR IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS

0
1. The authority citation for part 153 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority: 15 U.S.C. 717b, 717o; E.O. 10485, 3 CFR, 1949-1953 
Comp., p. 970, as amended by E.O. 12038, 3 CFR, 1978 Comp., p. 136; 
DOE Delegation Order No. S1-DEL-FERC-2006 (May 16, 2006).


Sec.  153.2  [Amended]

0
2. Amend Sec.  153.2 by:
0
a. Removing paragraph (b); and

[[Page 74042]]

0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (c) through (f) as paragraphs (b) through 
(e), respectively.


Sec.  153.8  [Amended]

0
3. Amend Sec.  153.8 by:
0
a. Removing paragraph (a)(6);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (a)(7) through (9) as paragraphs (a)(6) 
through (8), respectively; and
0
c. In newly redesignated paragraph (a)(6):
0
i. Removing the designation ``(i)''; and
0
ii. Removing ``Sec.  380.3 and Sec.  380.12'' and adding ``Sec. Sec.  
380.3 and 380.12'' in its place.

PART 380--REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL 
POLICY ACT

0
4. The authority citation for part 380 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 4321-4370h, 7101-7352; E.O. 12009, 3 CFR 
1978 Comp., p. 142.


0
5. Amend Sec.  380.12 by:
0
a. Removing paragraph (h)(5);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (h)(6) as paragraph (h)(5); and
0
c. Revising paragraphs (o)(12), (14), (15).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  380.12  Environmental reports for Natural Gas Act applications.

* * * * *
    (o) * * *
    (12) Identify all codes and standards under which the plant (and 
marine terminal, if applicable) will be sited, designed, constructed, 
tested, monitored, operated, and maintained, and any special 
considerations or safety provisions that were applied to the design of 
plant components.
* * * * *
    (14) Identify all Federal, state, and local regulations and 
requirements that apply to the siting, design, construction, testing, 
monitoring, operation, and maintenance of the proposed project and 
explain how the proposed project will comply with the applicable 
Federal regulations, including codes and standards incorporated by 
reference into Federal regulations.
    (15) Provide information to demonstrate that the proposed 
facilities will be sited, designed, constructed, and operated to 
maintain reliability and will not significantly impact public safety 
given geotechnical conditions and the occurrence of a natural hazard 
identified in paragraphs (o)(15)(i) through (iii) of this section. Site 
information must provide geotechnical studies and natural hazard 
studies based on the site location, which must provide impacts and 
magnitude of historical events and projected impacts and magnitude of 
events based on projected prescriptive/deterministic events and 
projected probabilistic events corresponding to mean recurrence 
intervals. Design information must provide the basis of design 
supported by site information, including design parameters and criteria 
and preliminary resultant design loads used in the geotechnical and 
structural design of LNG facilities. Construction and operation 
information must also include discussion of quality assurance and 
quality control plans, monitoring programs, and action programs 
developed in preparation of and response to geotechnical and natural 
hazards. All information provided must, at a minimum, demonstrate 
compliance with all applicable Federal requirements and applicable 
codes and standards, and identify any applicable state and local 
requirements for the siting, design, construction, testing, monitoring, 
operation, and maintenance used to safeguard against significant 
impacts caused by geotechnical conditions and natural hazards.
    (i) General information. Provide site information that includes:
    (A) A description of all structures, systems, and components, 
including, at a minimum, the layout of all proposed above ground and 
below ground structures, systems, and components including temporary 
access roads used during construction and permanent roads used during 
operation.
    (B) The design classification for each structure, system, and 
component in accordance with, at a minimum, all applicable Federal 
requirements and applicable codes and standards.
    (C) The derivation and values for risk category and mean recurrence 
intervals that are, at a minimum, in accordance with all applicable 
Federal requirements and applicable codes and standards.
    (D) A description of all load combinations for each design 
classification for all structures, systems, and components that are, at 
a minimum, in accordance with design methods and all applicable Federal 
requirements and applicable codes and standards.
    (E) A description of all preliminary dead loads that are, at a 
minimum, in accordance with all applicable Federal requirements and 
applicable codes and standards, and include, at a minimum, weight of 
materials of construction of structures, systems, and components; 
weight of any hydrostatic test fluid service within structures, 
systems, and components during commissioning; weight of fluid services 
within structures, systems, and components during startup, normal 
operation, abnormal operation, and shutdown; and soil and hydrostatic 
pressure loads and potential uplift of below ground structures, 
systems, and components.
    (F) A description of all preliminary live loads that are, at a 
minimum, in accordance with all applicable Federal requirements and 
applicable codes and standards, and include, at a minimum, dynamic 
loads from movement during transportation of structures, systems, and 
components; induced loads from construction equipment atop of below 
ground structures, systems, and components; uniform and concentrated 
loads from construction and operation personnel and equipment on 
structures, systems, and components; and crane loads for structures, 
systems, and components.
    (G) A description of all preliminary loads induced from natural 
hazards for all structures, systems, and components that are, at a 
minimum, in accordance with all applicable Federal requirements and 
applicable codes and standards as described in paragraph (o)(15)(iii) 
of this section.
    (H) A description of all mitigation measures to protect against 
natural hazards (like earthquakes) including, at a minimum, a 
discussion of the proposed site elevation and design of any storm walls 
or barriers relative to information described in paragraphs (o)(15)(ii) 
and (iii) of this section.
    (I) A description of a natural hazard preparedness and action 
program, which includes facilitating timely decisions concerning the 
present or future state of the LNG facility that address, at a minimum, 
the natural hazards described in paragraph (o)(15)(iii) of this 
section.
    (ii) Geotechnical information. Provide a geotechnical investigation 
that includes:
    (A) A summary of the site investigation that lists the applicant's 
exploratory program for the site and the types of subsurface 
investigations performed and planned to be performed for the site.
    (B) A list and description of all in situ tests performed, 
standards used for tests, and their results including all standard 
penetration tests, cone penetration tests (static and dynamic), test 
pits, trenches, borings, rock coring, soil sampling, plate load tests, 
and in situ shear strength tests.
    (C) A plot plan that identifies the number, location, spacing, 
cross-sections, and depths of each in situ test.
    (D) A description of completed surveys, standards used for surveys, 
and the results of surveys that were conducted to obtain continuous 
lateral and depth information for the

[[Page 74043]]

evaluation of subsurface conditions including all seismic refraction 
and reflection surveys.
    (E) A description of the applicant's laboratory testing program 
that includes the treatment of samples, the preparation of the soil 
specimen for testing, the techniques to detect sample disturbance, and 
the laboratory testing specifications.
    (F) A list and description of all laboratory tests performed, 
standards used for tests, and their results, including results from all 
soil classification tests, index tests, strength and compressibility 
tests, permeability tests, and soil corrosivity tests.
    (G) A description of proposed mitigation measures for soil 
improvement or other mitigation that would remediate low bearing 
strength, poor consolidation, poor permeability, high corrosivity, or 
other geotechnical issues discovered during in situ or laboratory 
tests.
    (H) A discussion of subsurface conditions and profiles based on the 
results of the subsurface exploration and field test conducted at the 
site. Subsurface profiles must identify groundwater conditions and the 
physicochemical properties of the groundwater, soil/rock layers and 
parameters, and various soil strata in various cross-section drawings 
spanning across the site including the LNG storage tank areas.
    (I) A description of soil conditions that indicate compressible or 
expansive soils, corrosive soils, collapsible soils, erodible soils, 
liquefaction-susceptible soils, frost-heave susceptible soils, frozen 
soils, sanitary landfill, or contaminated soils.
    (J) An analysis of actual or potential hazards (e.g., landslides, 
subsidence, uplift, capable faults, or collapse resulting from natural 
features such as tectonic depressions and cavernous or karst terrains) 
to the site.
    (K) A discussion of the relationship between the regional and local 
geology and the site location.
    (L) An evaluation and discussion of surface displacement caused by 
faulting or seismically induced lateral spreading or lateral flow, 
regional subsidence, local subsidence, and heave.
    (M) Drawings of existing and proposed site elevation contours.
    (N) A slope-stability analysis, including slope stabilization 
methods, sloping topography for the site, recommendations for slope 
stability, static and seismic stability, and factor of safety.
    (O) Recommendations for site improvement to increase bearing 
capacity, reduce the potential of liquefaction and lateral spreading, 
and mitigate poor or unusual soil conditions.
    (P) Recommendations for site improvement to mitigate soil 
contaminants and shoreline erosion control.
    (Q) An evaluation and discussion of the expected total settlement 
over the design life of the facilities that considers soil conditions, 
regional subsidence, and local subsidence.
    (R) Recommendations for shallow foundations, including, at a 
minimum, ultimate bearing capacity, factor of safety, allowable bearing 
capacity, total and differential settlement criteria, liquefaction 
settlements, settlement monitoring, and lateral resistance.
    (S) Recommendations for deep foundations, including, at a minimum, 
acceptable foundation type, bearing capacity, total pile capacities, 
axial capacity, lateral capacity, group effects, down-drag, factor of 
safety, settlement of single pile and pile groups, lateral movement of 
pile groups, pile installation, pile cap, indicator piles and pile load 
test programs, static axial pile load test, lateral load test, and 
dynamic pile load test.
    (T) A summary of information needed to establish broad design 
parameters and conclusions used to determine the proposed layout and 
design of buildings, structures, and support facilities.
    (U) A description of the implementation of the geotechnical 
monitoring system for the site and structures, including inclinometer, 
extensometers, piezometer, tiltmeter, settlement monuments or cells, 
pressure and load cells, and crack monitoring devices.
    (iii) Natural hazard information. Provide studies, basis of design, 
and plans for all natural hazards, including, at a minimum, each 
natural hazard in paragraphs (o)(15)(iii)(A) through (G) of this 
section:
    (A) Seismic information. Provide a discussion of seismic design and 
hazards analysis that includes:
    (1) The seismic design basis and criteria that are, at a minimum, 
in accordance with all applicable Federal requirements, and applicable 
codes, standards, and specifications used as basis of design.
    (2) A description of seismic setting and seismic hazard 
investigation.
    (3) A description of seismological characteristics of the 
geographical region within 100 miles of the site.
    (4) A description of capable faults, including any part of a fault 
within five miles of the site, the fault characteristics in the site 
vicinity, the methods and techniques used for fault analysis and 
investigations, and the potential effect of fault displacement on 
structures, systems, and components.
    (5) Derivation of the site class describing the soil conditions and 
supportive geotechnical studies that are, at a minimum, in accordance 
with all applicable Federal requirements and applicable codes and 
standards.
    (6) Criteria used to determine potential soil liquefaction, 
subsidence, fault rupture, seismic slope stability, and lateral 
spreading.
    (7) A historical ground motion analysis, including a description of 
past seismic events of Modified Mercalli Intensity greater than IV or 
magnitude greater than 3.0 within 100 miles of the site, including date 
of seismic events, magnitude of seismic events, distance from site to 
epicenter of seismic events, depth of seismic events, and resultant 
ground motions recorded or estimated at site location.
    (8) A site-specific ground motion analysis based on ground motions 
projected from the U.S. Geological Survey national seismic maps and any 
deterministic seismic hazard analyses (DSHA) and probabilistic seismic 
hazard analyses (PSHA).
    (9) Derivation of all ground motions used for the Operating Basis 
Earthquake (OBE), Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE), site-specific design 
earthquake (DE), site-specific peak ground motion (PGA), and aftershock 
level earthquake (ALE) that are, at a minimum, in accordance with all 
applicable Federal requirements and applicable codes and standards.
    (10) A list of OBE, SSE, and ALE site-specific ground motion 
spectral values for 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 15%, and 20% damping 
during all periods range.
    (11) The DE seismic coefficients and seismic design parameters, 
including the spectral response acceleration and five percent damped 
design spectral response acceleration parameters at a short-period, at 
a period of one second, and at other periods; short-period site 
coefficient and long-period site coefficient; importance factor; 
component importance factor; fundamental period of the structure; long-
period transition period; and response modification coefficient that 
are, at a minimum, in accordance with all applicable Federal 
requirements and applicable codes and standards.
    (12) A description of site-specific response spectrum analysis 
method, time history analysis method, or equivalent static load 
analysis.
    (13) A seismic analysis for soil-structure interaction that is, at 
a

[[Page 74044]]

minimum, in accordance with all applicable Federal requirements and 
applicable codes and standards, and includes, at a minimum, a 
discussion of the modeling methods and the factors considered in the 
modeling methods, including the extent of embedment, the layering of 
the soil/rock strata, and the boundary of soil-structure model.
    (14) A comparison of seismic responses used for each design 
classification for all structures, systems, and components.
    (15) A list of seismic hazard curves of spectral accelerations for 
all periods for the site.
    (16) Vertical response spectra for seismic design and ratio to 
horizontal response spectra.
    (17) Natural frequencies and responses for each LNG tank system and 
associated safety systems and associated structures, systems, and 
components.
    (18) A description of procedures used for structural analyses, 
including consideration of incorporating the stiffness, mass, and 
damping characteristics of the structural systems into the analytical 
models.
    (19) A description of determination of seismic overturning moments 
and sliding forces for each LNG tank system and associated safety 
related structures, systems, and components, including consideration of 
the three components of input motion and the simultaneous action of 
vertical and horizontal seismic forces.
    (20) A description of design procedure for seismically isolated 
structures, systems, and components.
    (21) A description of seismic design basis and criteria for the LNG 
storage tank(s) and foundation(s). The seismic design basis and 
criteria must include the flexibility of the tank shell(s) and its 
influence on the natural frequencies of the tank(s), liquid level, 
effects of liquid motion or pressure changes; minimum design freeboard; 
sloshing and impulsive loads; seismic coefficients; importance 
factor(s); reduction factor(s); slosh height(s); sloshing periods of 
LNG storage tank(s); global stability of the tank(s) in terms of the 
potential for overturning and sliding; differential displacement 
between the tank(s) and the first support; and a total settlement 
monitoring program for the tank foundation(s).
    (22) A description of seismic monitoring system in accordance with, 
at a minimum, all applicable Federal requirements and applicable codes 
and standards, including any triaxial ground motion recorder installed 
to register the free-field ground motion and additional triaxial ground 
motion recorders on each LNG tank system foundation, LNG tank roof, and 
associated safety related structures, systems, and components. The 
proposed seismic monitoring must include the installation locations on 
a plot plan; description of the triaxial strong motion recorders or 
other seismic instrumentation; the proposed alarm set points, and 
operating procedures (including emergency operating procedures) for 
control room operators in response to such alarms/data obtained from 
seismic instrumentation; and maintenance procedures.
    (23) A cross reference to potential for earthquake generated 
tsunamis and seiches provided in paragraph (o)(15)(iii)(B) of this 
section, earthquake generated floods in paragraph (o)(15)(iii)(C) of 
this section, earthquake generated landslides in paragraph 
(o)(15)(iii)(G) of this section, and earthquake generated releases and 
fires in paragraph (m) of this section.
    (B) Tsunami and seiche information. Provide a discussion of tsunami 
and seiche design and hazards that includes:
    (1) The tsunami and seismic design basis and criteria with a 
description of the applicable requirements and guidelines, and 
generally accepted codes, standards, and specifications used as basis 
of design.
    (2) The seiche design inundation and run-up elevations and 
corresponding return periods for all structures, systems, and 
components.
    (3) The maximum considered tsunami (MCT) inundation and run-up 
elevation for the site, including the maximum considered earthquake 
(MCE) level ground motions at the site if the MCE is the triggering 
source of the MCT.
    (4) A comparison of design loads of seiche water inundation 
elevations with inundation elevation corresponding to return periods of 
MCE and MCT for all structures, systems, and components.
    (5) The Tsunami Risk Category for the site and a description of 
potential tsunami generation by seismic sources, and the prevention and 
mitigation plan for potential tsunami and seiche hazards.
    (6) A cross reference to potential tsunami and seiche generated 
floods in paragraph (o)(15)(iii)(C) of this section, tsunami and seiche 
generated landslides in paragraph (o)(15)(iii)(G) of this section, and 
tsunami and seiche generated releases and fires in paragraph (m) of 
this section.
    (C) Flood information. Provide a discussion of flood design 
criteria and hazards that includes:
    (1) The floods design basis and criteria with references to 
applicable requirements and guidelines, and generally accepted codes, 
standards, and specifications used as basis of design.
    (2) A description of flooding potential in the region surrounding 
the site due to one or more natural causes such as storm surge, tides, 
wind generated waves, meteorological tsunamis or seiches, extreme 
precipitation, or other natural hazard events that have a common cause.
    (3) A comparison of flood design loads corresponding to return 
periods of 10,000-year, 5,000-year, 1,000-year, 500-year, and 100-year 
for all structures, systems, and components.
    (4) A discussion of final designed site elevations and storm surge 
walls or floodwalls for the site that includes tsunami considerations, 
flood design considerations, site total settlements, sea level rise, 
subsidence.
    (D) Hurricane information. Provide a discussion of hurricanes and 
other meteorological events design criteria and hazards that includes:
    (1) The wind and storm surge design basis and criteria that are, at 
a minimum, in accordance with all applicable Federal requirements, and 
applicable codes, standards, and specifications used as basis of 
design.
    (2) A comparison of design wind loads for both sustained and three-
second gusts and storm surge elevations, including consideration for 
still water, wind/wave run-up effects, and crest elevations, with 
hurricanes and other meteorological events at the site location 
corresponding to return periods of 10,000-year, 5,000-year, 1,000-year, 
500-year, and 100-year for all structures, systems, and components.
    (3) A discussion of historic hurricane frequencies and hurricane 
categories equivalent on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale at the 
site and associated wind speeds and storm surge.
    (4) The design regional subsidence that includes a discussion of 
the elevation change used to account for regional subsidence for the 
design life of the facilities at the site.
    (E) Tornado information. Provide a discussion of tornado design 
criteria and hazards that includes:
    (1) The tornadoes design basis and criteria that are, at a minimum, 
in accordance with all applicable Federal requirements, and applicable 
codes, standards, and specifications used as basis of design.
    (2) A comparison of tornado design loads corresponding to return 
periods of 10,000-year, 5,000-year, 1,000-year, 500-year, and 100-year 
for all structures, systems, and components.
    (3) A discussion of historic tornado frequencies and tornado 
categories as classified on the Enhanced Fujita (EF)

[[Page 74045]]

Scale at the site and associated wind speeds.
    (4) A discussion of tornado loads determination and design 
procedure.
    (5) A comparison of impact between wind loads and tornado loads for 
the site.
    (F) Rain, ice, snow, and related precipitation information. Provide 
a discussion of rain, ice, snow, and related precipitation design 
criteria and hazards that includes:
    (1) The rain, ice, and snow design basis and criteria that are, at 
a minimum, in accordance with all applicable Federal requirements, and 
applicable codes, standards, and specifications used as basis of 
design.
    (2) The identification of stormwater flows, outfalls, and 
stormwater management systems for all surfaces, including spill 
containment system with sump pumps or other water removal systems.
    (3) The comparison of rain, ice, and snow design loads with 
rainfall rates, snow loads, and ice loads corresponding to return 
periods of 10,000-year, 5,000-year, 1,000-year, 500-year, and 100-year 
for all structures, systems, and components.
    (4) A discussion of historic ice and blizzard events and 
frequencies and other ice and snow events at the site and associated 
loads.
    (G) Landslides, wildfires, volcanic activity, and geomagnetism 
information. Provide a discussion of landslides, wildfires, volcanic 
activity, and geomagnetism design criteria and hazards that includes:
    (1) The landslides, wildfires, volcanic activity, and geomagnetism 
design basis and criteria that are, at a minimum, in accordance with 
all applicable Federal requirements, and applicable codes, standards, 
and specifications used as basis of design.
    (2) A discussion of historic landslide, wildfire, volcano activity, 
and geomagnetic disturbance risks and intensities at the site.
    (3) A description of capable volcanoes, volcanic characteristics of 
the region, and a discussion of potentially hazardous volcanic 
phenomena considerations.


0
6. Amend appendix A to part 380 in the section entitled ``Resource 
Report 6--Geological Resources'' by:
0
a. Removing paragraph 4;
0
b. Redesignating paragraph 5 as paragraph 4; and
0
c. Revising newly redesignated paragraph 4.
    The revision reads as follows:

Appendix A to Part 380--Minimum Filing Requirements for Environmental 
Reports Under the Natural Gas Act

* * * * *

Resource Report 6--Geological Resources

* * * * *
    4. For underground storage facilities, how drilling activity by 
others within or adjacent to the facilities would be monitored, and 
how old wells would be located and monitored within the facility 
boundaries. (Sec.  380.12(h)(5))
* * * * *

    Note: The following appendix will not appear in the Code of 
Federal Regulations.

Appendix A--Commissioner Danly's Statement

United States of America Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Updating Regulations for Engineering and Design Materials for 
Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities Related to Potential Impacts 
Caused by Natural Hazards

Docket No. RM22-8-000

(Issued October 23, 2023)

    DANLY, Commissioner, concurring:
    1. I agree that several changes to the Commission's regulations 
will be helpful to ensure that the Commission has adequate 
information to examine the design, engineering and safety of 
liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities when authorizing the siting 
of such facilities under the Commission's jurisdiction. I write 
separately to express two misgivings about the final rule.\90\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \90\ See Updating Reguls. for Eng'rg & Design Materials for 
Liquefied Nat. Gas Facilities Related to Potential Impacts Caused by 
Nat. Hazards, 185 FERC ] 61,050 (2023) (Final Rule).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2. First, in their joint comments on the proposed rule, the 
Center for LNG and the American Petroleum Institute (API) identified 
potential sources of confusion throughout the proposed rule 
regarding the requirements that project sponsors identify and comply 
with all ``applicable codes and standards.'' \91\ The final rule 
does not sufficiently address these well-articulated concerns.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \91\ See Center for LNG & API January 27, 2023 Comments at 2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3. Second, language in the final rule suggests that the 
Commission has perpetual jurisdiction over LNG facilities \92\ under 
Natural Gas Act sections 3 and 7.\93\ I continue to harbor 
misgivings that the Commission may not, in fact, have ongoing 
jurisdiction to oversee the safety of LNG facilities once 
permitted.\94\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \92\ See Final Rule, 185 FERC ] 61,050 at P 39 (``Because the 
Commission's authority is to ensure public safety and reliability of 
proposed LNG facilities not only during siting of the facilities but 
also during construction and operations of those facilities, the 
final rule revises existing Sec.  380.12(o)(12) so that Resource 
Report 13 would now include identification of codes and standards 
for the design, construction, testing, monitoring, operation, and 
maintenance of the LNG facility in addition to identification of 
codes and standards for siting.'') (footnote omitted); see also id. 
P 15 (``The current rulemaking clarifies and updates the 
informational requirements in the Commission's regulations by 
codifying the current practice for processing NGA section 3 and 
[section] 7 applications. . . . The environmental document includes 
Commission staff's recommendations related to the construction and 
operation of the project, including measures to mitigate adverse 
effects. If the Commission approves the application, the 
Commission's oversight of the project continues through final 
design, construction, commissioning, and operation of the project to 
ensure that the project has complied with the terms and conditions 
of the Commission's authorization order.'') (citing 15 U.S.C. 
717b(a), 717b(e)(3)(A), 717f(e) (authorizing the Commission to 
include terms and conditions to our authorization orders)) (internal 
citations omitted) (footnotes omitted).
    \93\ 15 U.S.C. 717b, 717f.
    \94\ See EcoEl[eacute]ctrica, L.P., 184 FERC ] 61,114 (2023) 
(Danly, Comm'r, concurring at P 3); EcoEl[eacute]ctrica, L.P., 180 
FERC ] 61,054 (2022) (Danly, Comm'r, concurring at P 3); 
EcoEl[eacute]ctrica, L.P., 179 FERC ] 61,038 (2022) (Danly, Comm'r, 
concurring); EcoEl[eacute]ctrica, L.P., 177 FERC ] 61,164 (2021) 
(Danly, Comm'r, concurring); EcoEl[eacute]ctrica, L.P., 176 FERC ] 
61,192 (2021) (Danly, Comm'r, concurring).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For these reasons, I respectfully concur.

James P. Danly,

Commissioner.

[FR Doc. 2023-23791 Filed 10-27-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6717-01-P


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