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FINAL REGULATION ORDER

Amend the following section of Title 13, California Code of Regulations, to read as set

forth in the following pages:

Section 1956.8 Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures

for 1985 and Subsequent Model Year Heavy-Duty

Engines and Vehicles

Notes: a) Paragraphs within this section that are not proposed for

amendment in this rulemaking are indicated by

"[No Change]".

b) The proposed regulatory amendments are shown in

underline to indicate additions to the text and strikeout to

indicate deletions.

c) [ ] in the proposed §1956.8(b) indicates text that can be

finalized only upon Board adoption.
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 Amend Title 13, California Code of Regulations, section 1956.8, to read:

1956.8. Exhaust Emissions Standards and Test Procedures - 1985 and Subsequent

Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles.

(a)(1) [No Change]

(2)(A) The exhaust emissions from new 2004 and subsequent model heavy-duty

diesel engines, heavy-duty natural gas-fueled and liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled

engines derived from diesel-cycle engines, and heavy-duty methanol-fueled diesel

engines, and the optional, reduced-emission standards for 2002 and subsequent

model engines produced beginning October 1, 2002, except in all cases engines

used in medium-duty vehicles, shall not exceed:

Exhaust Emission Standards for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Engines,

and Optional, Reduced Emission Standards for 2002 and Subsequent Model HeavyDuty Engines Produced Beginning October 1, 2002, Other than Urban Bus Engines

(grams per brake horsepower-hour [g/bhp-hr])

Model Year Oxides of

Nitrogen Plus

Non-methane

Hydrocarbons

Optional Oxides

of Nitrogen Plus

Non-methane

Hydrocarbons

Oxides

of

Nitrogen

Non-methane

Hydrocarbons

Carbon

Monoxide

Particulates

Matter

2004-2006H and

subsequent

2.4 A,C,E,J 2.5 B,C,E,J n/a n/a 15.5 0.10 C

October 1, 2002 and

subsequent – 2006

n/a 1.8 to 0.3 A,D,F n/a n/a 15.5 0.03 to

0.01 G

2007 and subsequent n/a n/a 0.2 I

0.14 15.5 0.01 K

A This is the standard for the arithmetic sum of the oxides of nitrogen exhaust

component certification value and the non-methane hydrocarbon exhaust component

certification value, without individual restriction on the individual component values.

B This is the the standard for the arithmetic sum of the oxides of nitrogen exhaust

component certification value and the non-methane hydrocarbon exhaust component

certification value, with the non-methane hydrocarbon individual component value not

to exceed 0.5 g/bhp-hr.

C For 2004 through 2006 model years, Eemissions averaging may be used to meet this

standard. Averaging must be based on the requirements of the averaging, banking

and trading programs described in “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test

Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and

Vehicles” incorporated by reference in section 1956.8 (b), below.
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D A manufacturer may elect to certify to an optional reduced-emission NOx+NMHC

standard between the values, inclusive, by 0.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour

increments. Engines certified to any of these optional reduced-emission NOx

standards are not eligible for participation in any averaging, banking or trading

programs described in “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures

for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles”

incorporated by reference in section 1956.8 (b), below.

E May be used as the certification standard for the higher emitting fueling mode of an

engine certified under the dual fueling mode certification process of section 1956.8

(a)(4), below.

F May be used as the certification standard for the lower emitting fueling mode of an

engine certified under the dual fueling mode certification process of section 1956.8

(a)(4), below.

G A manufacturer may elect to certify to an optional reduced-emission PM standard

between the specified values, inclusive, by 0.01 grams per brake horsepower-hour

increments. Engines certified to any of these optional reduced-emission PM

standards are not eligible for participation in any averaging, banking or trading

programs described in “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures

for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles”

incorporated by reference in section 1956.8 (b), below.

H Engine manufacturers subject to the Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Settlement

Agreements (Settlement Agreements)1 must produce engines in compliance with the

requirements contained in their respective Settlement Agreement. Most engine

manufacturers subject to the Settlement Agreements are required to manufacture

engines meeting the exhaust emission standards for 2004 and subsequent model

years engines beginning October 1, 2002.

I A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its heavy-duty diesel engine families

in any or all of the NOx emissions averaging, banking, or trading programs for heavyduty diesel engines, within the restrictions described in "California Exhaust Emission

Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel

Engines and Vehicles" incorporated in section 1956.8 (b), below. If the manufacturer

elects to include engine families in any of these programs, the NOx family emission

limit (FEL) may not exceed the following FEL caps: 2.00 grams per brake

horsepower-hour (0.75 grams per megajoule) for model years before 2010; 0.50

 

1

 Seven of the largest heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturers will be implementing measures to reduce

emissions beginning October 1, 2002, to meet the requirements of the Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Settlement Agreements reached with the ARB. The Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Settlements were

agreements reached in response to lawsuits brought by the United States Environmental Protection

Agency and violations alleged by the ARB pertaining to excess in-use emissions caused by the use of

defeat devices and unacceptable algorithms. Navistar signed its Settlement Agreement on October 22,

1998. Cummins, Detroit Diesel Corporation, Caterpillar, Volvo, Mack and Renault signed their Settlement

Agreements on December 15, 1998.
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grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.19 grams per megajoule) for model years 2010

and later. The FEL cap applies whether credits for the engine family are derived from

averaging, banking, or trading programs.

J For 2007 through 2009 model years, a manufacturer may use these emission

standards in accordance with section 1956.8 (a)(2)(B). A manufacturer may elect to

include any or all of its heavy-duty diesel engine families in any or all of the NOx plus

NMHC emissions averaging, banking, or trading programs for heavy-duty diesel

engines, within the restrictions described in "California Exhaust Emission Standards

and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

and Vehicles" incorporated in section 1956.8 (b), below. If the manufacturer elects to

include engine families in any of these programs, the NOx family emission limit (FEL)

may not exceed the following FEL caps: 2.00 grams per brake horsepower-hour

(0.75 grams per megajoule) for model years. The FEL cap applies whether credits for

the engine family are derived from averaging, banking, or trading programs.

K A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its heavy-duty diesel engine families

in any or all of the particulate averaging, banking, or trading programs for heavy-duty

diesel engines, within the restrictions described in “California Exhaust Emission

Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel

Engines and Vehicles” incorporated by reference in section 1956.8 (b), below. The

particulate FEL for each engine family a manufacturer elects to include in any of

these programs may not exceed an FEL cap of 0.02 grams per brake horsepowerhour (0.0075 grams per megajoule). The FEL cap applies whether credits for the

engine family are derived from averaging, banking, or trading programs.

(B) Phase-in Options. (i) Early NOx compliant engines. For model years 2007,

2008, and 2009, a manufacturer may, at their option, certify one or more of their

engine families to the combined NOx plus NMHC standard or FEL applicable to

model year 2006 engines under section 1956.8 (a)(2), in lieu of the separate NOx

and NMHC standards or FELs applicable to the 2007 and subsequent model

years, specified in section 1956.8 (a)(2). Each engine certified under this phasein option must comply with all other emission requirements applicable to model

year 2007 engines. To qualify for this option, a manufacturer must satisfy the

U.S.-directed production requirement of certifying no more than 50 percent of

engines to the NOx plus NMHC standards or FELs applicable to 2006 engines,

as specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11 (g)(1),

as adopted January 18, 2001. In addition, a manufacturer may reduce the

quantity of engines that are required to be phased-in using the early certification

credit program specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section

86.007-11 (g)(2), as adopted January 18, 2001, and the “Blue Sky” engine

program specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11

(g)(4), as adopted January 18, 2001.
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(ii) Early PM compliant engines. A manufacturer certifying engines to the

2007 and subsequent model year PM standard listed in section 1956.8 (a)(2)

(without using credits, as determined in any averaging, banking, or trading

program described in “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test

Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and

Vehicles,” to comply with the standards) before model year 2007 may reduce

the number of engines that are required to meet the 2007 and subsequent

model year PM standard listed in section 1956.8 (a)(2) in model year 2007,

2008 and/or 2009. To qualify for this option, a manufacturer must satisfy the

PM emission requirements pursuant to the methods detailed in 40 Code of

Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11 (g)(2)(ii), as adopted January

18, 2001.

(3) [No Change]

(4) [No Change]

(5) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged directly into the ambient

atmosphere from any new 2007 or later model year diesel heavy-duty diesel engine,

with the following exception: heavy-duty diesel engines equipped with turbochargers,

pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction may discharge crankcase

emissions to the ambient atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust

emissions (either physically or mathematically) during all emission testing.

Manufacturers using this exception must manufacture the engines so that all

crankcase emissions can be routed into a dilution tunnel (or other sampling system

approved in advance by the Executive Officer), and must account for deterioration in

crankcase emissions when determining exhaust deterioration factors. For the

purpose of section 1956.8 (a)(2), crankcase emissions that are routed to the exhaust

upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all operation are not considered to be

“discharged directly into the ambient atmosphere.''

(b) The test procedures for determining compliance with standards applicable to 1985

and subsequent heavy-duty diesel engines and vehicles and the requirements for

participation in the averaging, banking and trading programs, are set forth in the

"California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent

Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles" adopted April 8, 1985, as last

amended November 22 2000 October 25, 2001, which is incorporated herein by

reference.

(c) [No Change]

(d) [No Change]

(e) [No Change]

(f) [No Change]
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(g) [No Change]

(h) The exhaust emissions from new (1) 1992 through 2004 model-year Otto-cycle

engines used in incomplete medium-duty low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission

vehicles, and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles, and (2) 1992 and subsequent model

diesel engines used in medium-duty low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles

and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles shall not exceed:

Exhaust Emission Standards for Engines Used in Incomplete

Otto-Cycle Medium-Duty Low-Emission Vehicles, Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles,

and Super Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles, and for Diesel Engines Used in

Medium-Duty Low-Emission Vehicles, Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles, and

Super Ultra-Low-Emission VehiclesA,F

(grams per brake horsepower-hour)

Model

Year

Vehicle

Emissions

CategoryB

Carbon

Monoxide

NMHC +

NOx C

Non-Methane

Hydrocarbons

Oxides of

Nitrogen

Formaldehyde ParticulatesD

1992E - 2001 LEV 14.4 3.5 K

n/a n/a 0.050 0.10 K

2002-2003ELEV 14.4 3.0 K

n/a n/a 0.050 0.10 K

1992-2003E,H ULEV 14.4 2.5 K n/a n/a 0.050 0.10 K

2004 and

subsequent L

ULEV -

Opt A

14.4 2.5 I,J,K n/a n/a 0.050 0.10 J,K

2004 and

subsequent L

ULEV -

Opt. B

14.4 2.4 I,J,K n/a n/a 0.050 0.10 J,K

2007 and

subsequent D

ULEV 15.5 n/a 0.14 0.2 0.050 0.01

1992 and

subsequent L

SULEV 7.2 2.0 K

n/a n/a 0.025 0.05 K

2007 and

subsequent D

SULEV 7.7 n/a 0.07 0.1 0.025 0.005

A This set of standards is optional. Manufacturers of engines used in incomplete

medium-duty vehicles or diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles from 8501-

14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating may choose to comply with these

standards as an alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures
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specified in section 1960.1, or section 1961, Title 13, California Code of Regulations.

Manufacturers that choose to comply with these optional heavy-duty standards and

test procedures shall specify, in the application for certification, an in-use compliance

test procedure, as provided in section 2139(c), Title 13, California Code of

Regulations.

B

"LEV" means low-emission vehicle. 

"ULEV" means ultra-low-emission vehicle.

"SULEV" means super ultra-low-emission vehicle.

C This standard is the sum of the individual non-methane hydrocarbon emissions and

oxides of nitrogen emissions. For methanol-fueled engines, non-methane

hydrocarbons shall mean organic material hydrocarbon equivalent ("OMHCE").

D Theseis standards shall only apply only to diesel engines and vehicles.

E Manufacturers may certify engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles or

diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles to these standards to meet the

requirements of section 1956.8(g), Title 13, California Code of Regulations.

F

In-use compliance testing shall be limited to vehicles or engines with fewer than

90,000 miles.

G

[Reserved]

H For engines certified to the 3.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr) LEV

standards, the in-use compliance standard shall be 3.7 g/bhp-hr for the first two

model years of introduction. For engines certified to the 2002 and 2003 model year

LEV standards, the in-use compliance standard shall be 3.2 g/bhp-hr. For engines

certified to the 1992 through 2003 model year ULEV standards, the in-use

compliance standard shall be 2.7 g/bhp-hr for the first two model years of

introduction. For engines certified to the 1992 and subsequent SULEV standards,

the in-use compliance standard shall be 2.2 g/bhp-hr for the first two model years of

introduction.

I Manufacturers have the option of certifying to either option A or B. Manufacturers

electing to certify to Option A must demonstrate that the NMHC emissions do not

exceed 0.5 g/bhp-hr.

J Emissions averaging may be used to meet these standards for diesel engines, using

the requirements for participation in averaging, banking and trading programs, as set

forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985

and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles”, incorporated by

reference in paragraph section 1956.8 (b), above.
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K Engines of 1998 and subsequent model years may be eligible to generate

averaging, banking and trading credits based on these standards according to the

requirements of the averaging, banking and trading programs described in

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and

Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles”, incorporated by

reference in paragraph section 1956.8 (b), above.

L For 2007 and subsequent model year diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles,

these emission standards are not applicable.

(3) Phase-in Options. (A) Early NOx compliant engines. For model years 2007,

2008, and 2009, a manufacturer may, at their option, certify one or more of their

engine families to the combined NOx plus NMHC standard or FEL applicable to

model year 2006 engines under section 1956.8 (h)(2), in lieu of the separate NOx

and NMHC standards or FELs applicable to the 2007 and subsequent model years,

specified in section 1956.8 (h)(2). Each engine certified under this phase-in option

must comply with all other emission requirements applicable to model year 2007

engines. To qualify for this option, a manufacturer must satisfy the U.S.-directed

production requirement of certifying no more than 50 percent of engines to the NOx

plus NMHC standards or FELs applicable to 2006 engines, as specified in 40 Code

of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11 (g)(1), as adopted January 18,

2001. In addition, a manufacturer may reduce the quantity of engines that are

required to be phased-in using the early certification credit program specified in 40

Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11 (g)(2), as adopted January

18, 2001, and the “Blue Sky” engine program specified in 40 Code of Federal

Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11 (g)(4), as adopted January 18, 2001.

(B) Early PM compliant engines. A manufacturer certifying engines to the 2007

and subsequent model year PM standard listed in section 1956.8 (h)(2) (without

using credits, as determined in any averaging, banking, or trading program

described in “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for

1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles,” to

comply with the standards) before model year 2007 may reduce the number of

engines that are required to meet the 2007 and subsequent model year PM

standard listed in section 1956.8 (h)(2) in model year 2007, 2008 and/or 2009.

To qualify for this option, a manufacturer must satisfy the PM emission

requirements pursuant to the methods detailed in 40 Code of Federal

Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11 (g)(2)(ii), as adopted January 18, 2001.

(4) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged directly into the ambient

atmosphere from any new 2007 or later model year diesel heavy-duty diesel engine,

with the following exception: heavy-duty diesel engines equipped with turbochargers,

pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction may discharge crankcase

emissions to the ambient atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust
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emissions (either physically or mathematically) during all emission testing.

Manufacturers taking advantage of this exception must manufacture the engines so

that all crankcase emission can be routed into a dilution tunnel (or other sampling

system approved in advance by the Executive Officer), and must account for

deterioration in crankcase emissions when determining exhaust deterioration

factors. For the purpose of section 1956.8 (h)(2), crankcase emissions that are

routed to the exhaust upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all operation are not

considered to be “discharged directly into the ambient atmosphere.''

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105

and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code. Reference:

Sections 39002, 39003, 39500, 43000, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102,

43104, 43106, 43202, 43204, 43206, 43210, 43211, 43212, 43213, and 43806, Health

and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code.