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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT August 1, 195k to Hay 3 I, 1955 ^BS REPORT

1003-2Q-ii68l I4I25

PKOGHESS HEPOHT ON

Ul^DEHGROUHD PIPE INSULATION

by

S, D. Cole

P, H, Achonbacii

Heating and Air Conditioning Section

Building Technology Division

to

Office of the Chief of Engineers

Department of the Amy

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The publication, t

unless permission

25. D, C. Such pi

cally prepared If

... )r In part. Is prohibited Approved for public release by the

Director ot the National Institute ot .^port has been specid- Standards and Technology (NIST) report for Its own use. on October 9, 201 5.
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b;^' 'XMMi^mim

Mtril.and* PiisdMg i.,^mmlm\ rvibi:#r

fdfet«>ILri«4 tmm^ #ii im4 m1» %mi#r

Slid s «f^iCn «»4?.6»wr4t al‘ i# ®c^r»'i#io-r::*

A ^l#or ^.'^P^t'0 ,mi>i^i^tiMg mf 31 Xb'a,.M rm^l^-#r

Ifc# pf fciim&’st «y?id i# u«#4 t# Iw ip*

fh# p*'«|iar«4 fo| I.i firii &

1^'^mr #r Im^ %Ll^k %nmi wltii

*> di' pn,p^Tm

- i I4 l/2" iPeii «&£«4s4lfe of posir^i

fom«5 ««i4 ii'Oi'isid Iw 24 4® tm wi.&&^:Mm

b«lpg ifeiaba ^mu #3^4*1 lsi®iA 4i»t for

Ifeboriit-prj? oi' ^

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, At tXm «4 of tho 1^0

oovared Mlth da^ to of o Ip^si^cfa

after wdola 4i 15^'^' te-^od Smt^ him.pXp^

held at temparatiir'a foi‘ op« ...ffc.# ^'‘ata ln'"'1iie aad rnppmmh^ m ataad:^ vaiu® at ti*a

e«i4 of the Moak* tfc# ratio of oopdopaa&a ooXl^ot-ad tmm,

t43# k it &aotioa ta the .roat of tu# gAsawm

ono to flvo'ttii tlit« coisfdtad k

V4i0j?i tp® vj&lar table aaa i--«i«ed a# Ui^t frae ast#r

#siiforad Uie a&pduit, , the ooaa«s*^oato rm%lm ©f Ui«

UFlPii. aeefeiop jsm4 to ©Pe, dp4 Ui# kaat

oapaoit^ of tdio ©oiler wa» Pot. large tcs li'O^F at&m QmilMMg ©i' sli poa^iul®

aour^m of if^ater leakily.# aropisd fcpo i^odb ed' 'tiaa ©oyisbrit

«aad Uit mbobdad in ti»a kioor did rsct

laatarialiy laSi^oja U;«# rat# of »tamn oondep^atlim,

lu«pfO0tioP of ii'i# oouduit o.r^eae 1« --iia ilo#!* from U5#»«4ou|>l®^ wireo m4 r€-?es.X#4

ia#k of Iti %li.4 .:seeaui5# it could

riot b« aat«biiah«d wlietli«r ©r rsot tlia tber^sdoouplo lea4«
kmutm*

1^ bmrm^. 'M-ms

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^^0(m-^'M4m^mQM- ^XJU *imt ^\i

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^mi*ii-^. dml ^%X A

*s'4 ^^m. M% -mt 'mm& a^jc^t

s*fm%

&;a4»#i # imM "m M0^^^^' n

um ##^c •^'^'« dO'i!^4

mu i^^im $. *M ta »^Xt <at ^ . imiSy* Hn ivs- r^fAt^-^n

m^X ^ -M-^Xm wm '^ldmt:.,m^m m%* m£iK

tim

^ mXsm^

^>%ml m'4 mlt'^i. P-i^ t'^ -‘‘^12*

$XiM9^ ' M» %»' ^miMXm^^ ,

' 0^€

W «j>s5 mums xXX^tm^^ei

klnm-^--JtS *irni^mm udjf- .firi y^i
-

•p«ee er<^at«d th% plj^ hj thm i&o?’ryM?«it#d p^iper

h»ii to««.r} at to©tii #min Ik tli« first It vas

th&t a eoMult w^oid fc« imtaped for t«»t*

fhfe «««ond ttp«©i{s«irj pro|«et« t&r€>iA|?M %h& tm&t aQM.

St «»nd» »o a water ®«ai eNitw^itri iiiS «»r44 »l’ tii-«

c<5nd^3iti and tii# wooden 'aimacefe^ary and ttj# air

s^.ac®'- adjacent ta tX*a pipe ©an Urn Imit open at feeih, end#*

Fewer ih«n?s»oouple» were used »o none of penetrate

tii© entire kicor ©n’?elop#* Wleor wat r4l;^ed iB a

siortftr iftixer as recoimended th# sianuiaeturer- in&t#&a

,,oT tfee cement f^iliser used for- the iiret et.-eelr,i«rj, . lam

"c«HL.ng period haa been ©i^mpltted ©n tbe e#©e»d

and a 'condenaati^n %m% will eoi^finee PMy 31*

'^ "" tb# 6je6x1 incli elats eaat wb.en tfc© firat ist.-fcei?^,en

was poured had a den alt2? or b?»3 Ifee/rtlj ovok dried at

315^- * At e Hoan tmperature of 129 •bJf the titeiMl «Jort- ilU4ti'?lt^' was 1*935 Btu/^r (sg f t)| Tni$ value

'ts the mrvm &f- Xirntm.^ oondyotivit^ of eoia«r©te

at the aame density ;^ede witii vai-'toua li,y4itwe|.|Mt ai;. 4;regates, fhe slab® were then iaantalred at a

of 35^^^ . for 2l| hotti^# after wi.iioh td^e tiife-mai aofiductl'siti

_was l*dib Btu/h.r (eq ft)C^/ifiw) for tlie

t'm'*e* fhe beat trar^laelon fee tor from t.b,e pii^a #urfaa«

to "'-the surface 02" the conduit eoriputel data obtained

ftt condition* in the imlBt earth was 3*1^32 iatu/hr

(#q ftH based on teiisperature dilTercDee botw^en

pipe surface and a statlofi «,i* lmh«@ pipe suriae©

just Inside thei-surface of tih# wloor,

V • T Jurant InsuXated ripe

Durant InnuX^ted i'ipe ©eoduit ?4®-.ufacttiroa fev the

0'urant ijsterjmtional Corporation of ^'illlciiatown, M, J,

trie speelmcnt ©uteiitted con&ieted of 20 ft leagtiis of

four inch dlar«teter black steel pipe encftaed in a two-inch

thlekness of Ohibestofi'iioXded. ins'ul&tiot^, Lo&d tearinf.

spaoer rings ore Inch in deptit were plao«^ arourm the

liisulatloh *”sUjid a 26 fuafti gaXvanlaad sheer Mittal Jaci^et

was a'ppXtM over the rini:;*# "The one Inch void toetw«i»eij

inaulfition and jacket was filled by p©uj.'‘inijs, iiii-,h*r,eXtln,-

point asi-halt at a ter.peretui''e ©2 iiSOF through hclt'^s.
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spaced 15 in %m jaek^s. '"•fhtf of m9.lM i^stortight

cAp9 » Om of tha Uiroo did tsoi mMmlt in

tiio void botwooi) ti*# iioa^4l#tio» aii€ mfeal

Tm^lv^dm ’fMa v?a® filled in mmll Mllfc

sephall at mi 3S^?# ^00?, ®rs4 5^^?"

in m'ml^tu mi 7^ eiid itF •%0 - Um pm'i^iti$- t.hMrmtm^

iffltleo mi £h# aapkalt.

Molded «peeiMe»s of aaplsaXt litatod i'd o¥«ei

over a -rsKi^;# of temperatarea to-’ d«te.min@- «oftor>lii£ aM

al\«iip.

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k eisroMUto trophic 4oaly*is of tfce aaphalt ir.ad#

in «ccoj(*dai;:oo v*itb mo ^yaod 4#ei£;rlfeod ia JB4 EP ZS17

biir0maiog;fmpiAio Hetfeod for the Fraotio»tlior« of

4«phalt lilt© MetiBoMv# of' €oia|:^ri#nt® /*

4ov«.r«X toot ooRdltlor>» t^ere ei»«iiited to

whether the tlol.t;o»toe Ixieiil&ticii eomlci be dried out If

It beome vetted durlrsi, iaetallatloii' i4iat lmppoa#4

to the aailielt Jaol«:#t w^xm saturated a temperature .©r 375P wa« peeein^. tferou# the pipe Cl) vlth'the'

j^etel Jaeket re^J4?e«Ki «i5d tkm ooi^uit buried in the |:;ro'imdj

C2) vith-^the 3U€t4l Jacket r#?^^ved, the iJieulatior saturated

vith Meter# and tho'eooduit fcuri«4 Im th4 f:ro'un4# { 3 ) the'mtal Jacket the iJieiilatiori efltursited i^ith

water I iutd tfc« eorduit euefehded afeovt. ih) ^Ith

the r;et8l Jacket in i.-leoe# the inauli&tion 'Ssturttoi vith

water, end the conduit iuep-tMed eteO¥# groun-im

Coneluaiona

''- • !• Ukm inctelled dr| ©ondltlore, * tesk’ip«>rttures

on ilnlbeetO'S «md eephalt were very oloee to those edvertlaod te^f the Raaufacturer*

M .

' •' 2* there was a elight tendencj ioverd plastic flow

of the eep)>«lt ti? the drj »pecl«on when buried* fhls v«»

a llLtle more pronounced at tlie ends rter the jsetel cmp

®tsd g.t the spacer rlncs*
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3* th% UnXl^mB^^u i>^%Xl

absorb a n^immi of IQ to X^S: lb» p@2‘ ruiinlae. tmt m &

l|. y|i«s tn tfe^- gr#^si wltfe ¥tt

seiaXedi tho ®li#m fomod In issulalion

ruptu'2*o4 tli.« sarhait Qovor'ing#

•? • - 5* ¥1^ % atom taaparatura of 37p^ In t^tio |)lp® tfe#

IMbaatot 4ria4. oaa ita tMelmasa iii

ii#o waeks «b,®n bu^iad.

o* About iifo^Uiirda tfco ori final qusjititi' of

abaorbad fe'f taa unibotio^ waa irm^ tb# buried

tm% in ffi^rt mi Umt t&o

^soiatiir# dlutributioe d&i mpps^m&^lmd &

tiaia ti»«

7» 1’i^ ©Mt#r i^aXf of th#

©b'tiausX^ ¥®t^ t«iiar#aa Um Immm^ %/k to l^isioh appar«^

antl^ dr^-4 M#ra poolsota ©f t>oa water In inaid# 8^arfa#« ®f t.h« oov'orinfe: at tf*# of tm

weak#*

d* tda tmp#rafara# oa tli# liSiinr md outer

of fcn# a#i;iiaXfc roabhad .iXX to iX^r’ m.% snm# stations during

td# first feour aftar adssdtting stem to th« pipe# lifter

two we€4.ks operation td# temperatures ranged from XJS-^' to

19dF« fhe tamperatiira obeer^*^ l.s drj;

isen we* X3’9F*

9» asphaXt an tde- wet speoiflien becim#

soft md there was acme pXaistic flow of asphalt awe;v

fratf. the top side, e^p#olalX,|' mar the ofsps,

10* ^hea the dnibeat^js Mm wetted md ihci sgeeiri^n

mounted, abo^e graund wlthaut- tli# metal r^ov-er, and sie^YQ

adsilttad to the pip# at Inoreaalnif. tmperaturea Irur:- 2?5.--

to 3i|5k during ai^ eight hour period, the aaphalti envelope

softened arid fell off X^minp a Uiin asphalt oss the

't*Mi3#»toe, After 10 dejs heating, with a tears at 3T.3F 'he

daiieetoa was dr,y froi$i the pip# eurfaoe 04itwar4 for about

on# half Its utlokoeatji 'th# rmalnder mius 'iii'ait# wet to

the toueh*

11* kirns ti'i© dnibeatos yim wetted the sp^e.Cmen

s^oimtod stiov® groimd the tm%&X aover on, tut the ends
^ i;^' ^6Z f. r^ ^ i‘i;4f^-5&

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of isssuls-tlag ittiaii nt 373F failed

diftfeort tim asylialt md 4pi«d tsli# feir otilj 1/3

of it® tkleimcis#* 4 isi©Ih4i^ at

wfc^n tfee mphMlt rapttsi^^d fm* lsi»^g-«eti€sa at is# #,rid

at Vm

lt» lloidod ^pmimmu #f tl3># ^4ifeJ#ef.#a

t-# h^m%lng t# tii4

fbe at £00F tn- ho‘5Ara| it

outi^aM iB'to a ria«« at ifi 35

13 * aaplialt fua?nisli-«d fey tk« i^i©-*

« good «Gwloi># Vsitfiout vol4» or mmm unm soared

at %4^mpai^mtai^a% of 3S0Ft Irjto fip#

apaaimii® at ?aF m^d ISF.

* - *

a-ilaulatio33

Fo.r ur*d«rgr@^^d atudlas of th# hr^at %rmmS'4&ion

factor of OXla44lifcii^®ts yti%h tl-i#

I«anlati 25i3 pour®4 Into a 12 1/2 fey 12 1/2 fom

^ui-*rouodini a foui^^ineh plFO 0 p-ot#T«td in a feosc im ani filled ^ith mm^4-rimd Aftm- m^in*

tmining « ttamm t^mporatarm of in th®

pij>® foF a'feoyii two a attm4|' pmt« of

ofemmrvod «n4 the tmparatwr® g'^^adlant tkm OllmuI«.t® ^4 »urro-u2!id,lng at«;a4f* fis# thfen

ahnt off mA tiia Instillation allo^«4 to oeol after

tiii %ias saturated fey lutroduelrg '^aier at th^fe feott<sgi,

ObiMiriraticms ^or*# made of feoftt loss toisperatur®

dlatrifeutior at ist*.o4|' eoBdltiotis ^t mi at m

oturo of 3^®F in tii# pijio id*on tlio notor tmtlo was osjo

foot fealow me oontor lino of the at ih# oofitor lin#

of th# ptp^s «tt4 on# foot abovo mecfentor lin# oi the

FiF#*

A 20 toot sootion of four inali. pipe was install.^, in,

m tTmah about 13 imhm wide- ausd 10 lns4iO« 4©#p. Wot

Oiiaulatio© 4Wid dry Qllsolatltasi waa plaood around tho

pip© during two t «sits t© a

of foul’ inohos Mm ootorod with »l3t of dirt* fh©

lns4l®tii>n Mis® 'mmlrnd m ;ra|-l-lly m %-m.
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