FILED 

JULY 11, 2017 

In the Office of the Clerk of Court 

WA State Court of Appeals, Division III 

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 

DIVISION THREE 

In re JIM KEYES, 

Appellant, 

V. 

CHRISTINA WENTZ; SHERRI 

HANSEN, CLERK OF THE DISTRICT 

COURT (ACTING); RICHARD 

LELAND, JUDGE OF THE DISTRICT 

COURT; DISTRICT COURT OF 

SPOKANE COUNTY, 

Respondents. 

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No. 35066-5-111 

UNPUBLISHED OPINION 

LAWRENCE-BERREY, J. - Jim Keyes appeals the superior court's order denying 

his writ of mandamus. In general, his writ sought to have the superior court order 

respondents to process his lower court appeal. Because Mr. Keyes was not unlawfully 

precluded from processing that appeal, we affirm. 

FACTS 

Robert Saraceno filed an action against "Don Hall, d/b/a Wholesale Motors" in the 

small claims department of district court. Clerk's Papers (CP) at 27. A trial was held and 
No. 35066-5-III 

Keyes v. Wentz 

the judge entered judgment in favor of Wholesale Motors in the amount of $1,200. For 

reasons unclear in the record, the judge allowed a second trial. Jim Keyes, who has an 

ownership interest in Wholesale Motors, eventually filed an answer and cross claim, 

asserting among other claims and defenses, that Wholesale Motors is a limited liability 

corporation (LLC). During the second trial, Don Hall's son appeared on his father's 

behalf, and it was explained to the judge that Don Hall was the founder of Wholesale 

Motors, LLC, was elderly, and had numerous health issues that prevented him from 

participating in his defense. After hearing the evidence, the judge entered judgment in 

favor of Wholesale Motors in the amount of $1,500. 

In an apparent attempt to request reconsideration, Mr. Saraceno sent letters and 

photographs to the judge but did not copy the defendants in that action with these 

documents. Mr. Keyes was provided a show cause order relating to Mr. Saraceno's 

reconsideration request, and Mr. Keyes obtained copies of the supporting documents from 

the court file. Mr. Keyes, apparently on behalf of defendants, responded and appeared at 

the hearing. A second judge presided over the hearing, commented on Don Hall's 

absence, and ordered a third trial. 

Mr. Keyes sought to appeal this order. He presented a district court clerk with a 

notice of appeal signed by Don Hall and himself. The deputy clerk refused to process the 

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No. 35066-5-111 

Keyes v. Wentz 

appeal because Don Hall was not physically present to attest that the signature was his, 

and because Mr. Keyes was not a party and lacked authority to represent "Don Hall, d/b/a 

Wholesale Motors." She said she could not process the appeal unless Don Hall filed the 

appeal, or unless his signature on the appeal was notarized and Mr. Keyes brought with 

him a notarized note signed by Don Hall giving Mr. Keyes permission to process the 

appeal. In addition, the deputy clerk said an appeal bond was required for $7,000. Mr. 

Keyes sought the assistance of the deputy clerk's superior, who generally confirmed her 

subordinate's instructions. 

One week later, the second judge sent a letter to Mr. Keyes setting forth 

instructions so Mr. Keyes could process his appeal. These instructions include a small 

claims appeal bond of $3,000, and the requirement that Don Hall process the appeal. The 

letter further states: 

Pursuant to RCW 12.36.010 if you are his "agent" and can provide proper 

documentation of the same, you may file the appeal on his behalf. Such 

may include but not be limited to a notarized statement from Don Hall that 

so states. 

Mr. Keyes, you may wish to review RCW 12.40.010, et seq. including 

RCW 12.40.080 which states: 

"No attorney-at-law, legal paraprofessional, nor any person 

other than the plaintiff and defendant, shall appear or participate 

with prosecution or defense of litigation ... " 

In addition, you may wish to review RCW 12.36.010, et seq. regarding 

Small Claims Appeals. 

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No. 35066-5-III 

Keyes v. Wentz 

CP at 31. 

Mr. Keyes, personally, petitioned the superior court for a writ of mandamus. 1 In 

his petition, he named the second judge, the two district court clerks, and the District 

Court of Spokane County as respondents. In addition to other relief, Mr. Keyes sought to 

have a superior court judge stay the lower court case, toll the period for filing the appeal, 

grant a declaratory judgment concerning the proper procedures for appealing the lower 

court's order, and order the deputy clerks and the district court to process the appeal he 

earlier submitted. The superior court entered an order denying Mr. Keyes's writ on the 

basis that Mr. Keyes has a "plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of 

the law. Here, because the small claims matter has yet to be adjudicated, [he could file] 

an appeal subsequent to any final judgment." CP at 3 7. 

Mr. Keyes timely appealed from this order. 

LAW AND ANALYSIS 

Mr. Keyes argues that Wholesale Motors has a right to appeal the lower court's 

grant of a third new trial, that the clerks' job is ministerial, and that the superior court 

erred in concluding he had an adequate remedy at law. We agree with Mr. Keyes's first 

1 Respondents incorrectly view Mr. Keyes's petition as an appeal from the district 

court order instead of as a separate action with different parties. Many of their arguments 

relate to this incorrect view. 

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No. 35066-5-111 

Keyes v. Wentz 

two points, but affirm the superior court's order on the basis that Mr. Keyes was not 

unlawfully precluded from processing the lower court appeal. 

This court can affirm the lower court on any basis supported by the record. Amy v. 

Kmart of Wash., LLC, 153 Wn. App. 846,868,223 P.3d 1247 (2009). A writ of 

mandamus may issue to "compel the performance of an act which the law enjoins as a 

duty resulting from an office ... and from which the party is unlawfully precluded by 

such inferior tribunal ... or person." RCW 7.16.160 (emphasis added). 

Here, Mr. Keyes was not unlawfully precluded from processing the lower court 

appeal. The district court judge properly set an appeal bond of $3,000 and directed Mr. 

Keyes to establish he was an agent of the named defendant as conditions for processing 

the appeal. First, RCW 12.36.020(2) explicitly requires the posting of an appeal bond for 

twice the amount in controversy. Second, RCW 12.40.080 explicitly prohibits anyone but 

the named parties from acting in furtherance of the case. The named defendant was "Don 

Hall, d/b/a Wholesale Motors." The trial court's requirement that Mr. Keyes establish his 

agency relationship with Don Hall comports with this statutory prohibition. Because Mr. 

Keyes was not unlawfully precluded from processing Mr. Hall's original appeal, he has 

failed to establish his right to a writ of mandamus. 

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No. 35066-5-III 

Keyes v. Wentz 

Affirmed. 

A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the 

Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to 

RCW 2.06.040. 

Lawrence-Berrey, l"SNC~.'3~~'( J. ~ 

WE CONCUR: j 

Siddoway, J. 

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