# L_2022315EN.01006301.xml

| 7.12.2022 | EN | Official Journal of the European Union | L 315/63 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

7.12.2022

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 315/63

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COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2022/2383

of 6 December 2022

amending Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 as regards the emissions type-approval of heavy duty vehicles using pure biodiesel

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC (1), and in particular Articles 4(3) and 5(4) and Article 12 thereof,

Whereas:

| (1) | Vehicles type-approved in the EU need to be able to run on pure biodiesel and on different blends of biodiesel and fossil fuels in case of need. |
| --- | --- |

(1)

Vehicles type-approved in the EU need to be able to run on pure biodiesel and on different blends of biodiesel and fossil fuels in case of need.

| (2) | In accordance with Article 3 of Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (2), type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with regard to emissions requires that the manufacturer ensures compliance with the specifications of reference fuels set out in Annex IX to that Regulation used for type-approval testing. |
| --- | --- |

(2)

In accordance with Article 3 of Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (2), type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with regard to emissions requires that the manufacturer ensures compliance with the specifications of reference fuels set out in Annex IX to that Regulation used for type-approval testing.

| (3) | Pure biodiesel (FAME B100) is not listed in Annex IX to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 as a reference fuel for the emission type-approval of heavy duty vehicles. Type-approval testing needs to be duplicated on both diesel (B7) as well as pure biodiesel (B100) in order to demonstrate compliance with emissions requirements. To minimise duplication of testing and to facilitate the certification for the use of pure biodiesel and biodiesel blends (such as FAME B20/B30), it is necessary to introduce the specifications for pure biodiesel as a reference fuel, based on relevant international and European standards. Demonstrating compliance with the emission testing requirements for a B100 type-approval should be allowed by emission testing of the parent engine on pure biodiesel. While for the necessary in-service conformity testing any biofuel blend may be chosen. |
| --- | --- |

(3)

Pure biodiesel (FAME B100) is not listed in Annex IX to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 as a reference fuel for the emission type-approval of heavy duty vehicles. Type-approval testing needs to be duplicated on both diesel (B7) as well as pure biodiesel (B100) in order to demonstrate compliance with emissions requirements. To minimise duplication of testing and to facilitate the certification for the use of pure biodiesel and biodiesel blends (such as FAME B20/B30), it is necessary to introduce the specifications for pure biodiesel as a reference fuel, based on relevant international and European standards. Demonstrating compliance with the emission testing requirements for a B100 type-approval should be allowed by emission testing of the parent engine on pure biodiesel. While for the necessary in-service conformity testing any biofuel blend may be chosen.

| (4) | For the approval of vehicles with an approved engine an addendum for the specifications of the type-approval certificate is necessary. |
| --- | --- |

(4)

For the approval of vehicles with an approved engine an addendum for the specifications of the type-approval certificate is necessary.

| (5) | Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 should therefore be amended accordingly. |
| --- | --- |

(5)

Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 should therefore be amended accordingly.

| (6) | The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Technical Committee – Motor Vehicles, |
| --- | --- |

(6)

The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Technical Committee – Motor Vehicles,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

Annexes I, II and IX to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 are amended in accordance with the Annex to this Regulation.

Article 2

This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 6 December 2022.

For the Commission

The President

Ursula VON DER LEYEN

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(1)  
  OJ L 188, 18.7.2009, p. 1.

1

(2)  Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 of 25 May 2011 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and amending Annexes I and III to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 167, 25.6.2011, p. 1).

2

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ANNEX

| (1) | Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 is amended as follows:






  (a) | in point 1.1.2 the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:

  ‘If the manufacturer permits the engine family to run on market fuels that do not comply either with Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (*1), or with CEN standard EN 228:2012 in the case of unleaded petrol or CEN standard EN 590:2013 in the case of diesel or CEN standard EN 14214:2012+A2:2019 in the case of FAME B100, such as paraffinic fuel (CEN standard EN 15940) or others, the manufacturer shall, in addition to the requirements in point 1.1.1, comply with the following requirements:

  (*1)  Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC (OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58).’;" |
| --- | --- | --- |

(1)

Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 is amended as follows:

(a)

in point 1.1.2 the introductory sentence is replaced by the following:

‘If the manufacturer permits the engine family to run on market fuels that do not comply either with Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (*1), or with CEN standard EN 228:2012 in the case of unleaded petrol or CEN standard EN 590:2013 in the case of diesel or CEN standard EN 14214:2012+A2:2019 in the case of FAME B100, such as paraffinic fuel (CEN standard EN 15940) or others, the manufacturer shall, in addition to the requirements in point 1.1.1, comply with the following requirements:

(*1)  Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC (OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58).’;"

| (b) | after point 1.3 the following point is added:
  ‘1.4.   Requirements on B100 type-approval









  1.4.1. | The type-approval of a B100 family with a parent engine tested on FAME B100 shall be extended to all family members and biodiesel blends with a FAME content that exceeds that of FAME B30 (CEN standard EN 16709), without further testing. The type-approval may be extended to biodiesel blends with a lower FAME content, if the requirements of this regulation are also satisfied for these blends without making any adjustments to the vehicle. In such a case the manufacturer shall declare the biodiesel blends the engine family is capable of running on in point 3.2.2.2.1 of the Information Document as set out in Part 1 of Appendix 4. If the approval authority determines that the submitted application is not fully representative, biodiesel blends other than FAME B100 may be selected by the approval authority and tested.’; |
| --- | --- | --- |

(b)

after point 1.3 the following point is added:

‘1.4.   Requirements on B100 type-approval

1.4.1.

| (c) | the following point 3.2.1.7 is inserted:






  ‘3.2.1.7. | In the case of a B100 type-approval, the approval mark shall contain ‘B100’ after the national symbol.’; |
| --- | --- | --- |

(c)

the following point 3.2.1.7 is inserted:

‘3.2.1.7.

| (d) | in Appendix 4 PART 1 point 3.2.2.2 is replaced by the following:






  ‘3.2.2.2. | Heavy duty vehicles Diesel/Petrol/LPG/NG-H/NG-L/NG-HL/Ethanol (ED95)/Ethanol (E85)/LNG/LNG20/B100 (1) (6)’; |
| --- | --- | --- |

(d)

in Appendix 4 PART 1 point 3.2.2.2 is replaced by the following:

‘3.2.2.2.

| (e) | in the Addendum to Appendix 5 point 1.1.5 is replaced by the following:






  ‘1.1.5. | Category of engine: Diesel/Petrol/LPG/NG-H/NG-L/NG-HL/Ethanol (ED95)/Ethanol (E85)/LNG/LNG20/B100 (1)’; |
| --- | --- | --- |

(e)

in the Addendum to Appendix 5 point 1.1.5 is replaced by the following:

‘1.1.5.

| (f) | point 8 of Appendix 6 is replaced by the following:






  ‘8. | Signature:
  Attachment: Information package.
  Test report.
  Addendum’; |
| --- | --- | --- |

(f)

point 8 of Appendix 6 is replaced by the following:

‘8.

Attachment: Information package.

Test report.

Addendum’;

| (g) | the following Addendum is added to Appendix 6:


  ‘Addendum
  to EC type-approval certificate No ...
  1.   ADDITIONAL INFORMATION








  1.1. | Particulars to be completed in relation to the type-approval of a vehicle with an approved engine installed: |
| --- | --- | --- |

(g)

the following Addendum is added to Appendix 6:

‘Addendum

to EC type-approval certificate No ...

1.   ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

1.1.

| 1.1.1. | Make of engine (name of undertaking): |
| --- | --- |

1.1.1.

| 1.1.2. | Type and commercial description (mention any variants): |
| --- | --- |

1.1.2.

| 1.1.3. | Manufacturer’s code as marked on the engine: |
| --- | --- |

1.1.3.

| 1.1.4. | Category of vehicle (if applicable) (b): |
| --- | --- |

1.1.4.

| 1.1.5. | Category of engine: Diesel/Petrol/LPG/NG-H/NG-L/NG-HL/Ethanol (ED95)/Ethanol (E85)/LNG/LNG20/B100 (1): |
| --- | --- |

1.1.5.

| 1.1.5.1. | Type of dual-fuel engine: Type 1A/Type 1B/Type 2A/Type 2B/Type 3B (1)(d1): |
| --- | --- |

1.1.5.1.

| 1.1.6. | Name and address of manufacturer: |
| --- | --- |

1.1.6.

| 1.1.7. | Name and address of manufacturer’s authorised representative (if any): |
| --- | --- |

1.1.7.

| 1.2. | If the engine referred to in 1.1 has been type approved as a separate technical unit: |
| --- | --- |

1.2.

| 1.2.1. | Type-approval number of the engine/engine family (1): |
| --- | --- |

1.2.1.

| 1.2.2. | Engine Control Unit (ECU) software calibration number: |
| --- | --- |

1.2.2.

| 1.3. | Particulars to be completed in relation to the type-approval of an engine/engine family (1) as a separate technical unit (conditions to be respected in the installation of the engine on a vehicle): |
| --- | --- |

1.3.

| 1.3.1. | Maximum and/or minimum intake depression: |
| --- | --- |

1.3.1.

| 1.3.2. | Maximum allowable back pressure: |
| --- | --- |

1.3.2.

| 1.3.3. | Exhaust system volume: |
| --- | --- |

1.3.3.

| 1.3.4. | Restrictions of use (if any): |
| --- | --- |

1.3.4.

| 1.4. | Emission levels of the engine/parent engine (1)
  Deterioration Factor (DF): calculated/fixed (1)
  Specify the DF values and the emissions on the WHSC (if applicable) and WHTC tests in the table below |
| --- | --- |

1.4.

Deterioration Factor (DF): calculated/fixed (1)

Specify the DF values and the emissions on the WHSC (if applicable) and WHTC tests in the table below

| 1.4.1. | WHSC test

  Table 4


  WHSC test













  WHSC test (if applicable) (10)(d5) |
| --- | --- |
| DF | CO | THC | NMHC (d4) | NOX | PM Mass | NH3 | PM Number |
| Mult/add (1) | | | | | | | |
| Emissions | CO
  (mg/kWh) | THC
  (mg/kWh) | NMHC (d4)
  (mg/kWh) | NOx

  (mg/kWh) | PM Mass
  (mg/kWh) | NH3

  ppm | PM Number
  (#/kWh) |
| Test result | | | | | | | |
| Calculated with DF | | | | | | | |
| CO2 mass emission: ... g/kWh |
| Fuel consumption ... g/kWh |

1.4.1.

Table 4

WHSC test

WHSC test (if applicable) (10)(d5)

DF

CO

THC

NMHC (d4)

NOX

PM Mass

NH3

PM Number

Mult/add (1)

Emissions

CO

(mg/kWh)

THC

(mg/kWh)

NMHC (d4)

(mg/kWh)

NOx

(mg/kWh)

PM Mass

(mg/kWh)

NH3

ppm

PM Number

(#/kWh)

Test result

Calculated with DF

CO2 mass emission: ... g/kWh

Fuel consumption ... g/kWh

| 1.4.2. | WHTC test

  Table 5


  WHTC Test














  WHTC test (10)(d5) |
| --- | --- |
| DF | CO | THC | NMHC (d4) | CH4 (d4) | NOx | PM Mass | NH3 | PM Number |
| Mult/add (1) | | | | | | | | |
| Emissions | CO
  (mg/kWh) | THC
  (mg/kWh) | NMHC (d4)
  (mg/kWh) | CH4 (d4)
  (mg/kWh) | NOx

  (mg/kWh) | PM Mass
  (mg/kWh) | NH3

  ppm | PM Number
  (#/kWh) |
| Cold start | | | | | | | | |
| Hot start w/o regeneration | | | | | | | | |
| Hot start with regeneration (1) | | | | | | | | |
| kr,u (mult/add) (1) | | | | | | | | |
| kr,d (mult/add) (1) |
| Weighted test result | | | | | | | | |
| Final test result with DF | | | | | | | | |
| CO2 mass emission: ... g/kWh |
| Fuel consumption: ... g/kWh |

1.4.2.

Table 5

WHTC Test

WHTC test (10)(d5)

DF

CO

THC

NMHC (d4)

CH4 (d4)

NOx

PM Mass

NH3

PM Number

Mult/add (1)

Emissions

CO

(mg/kWh)

THC

(mg/kWh)

NMHC (d4)

(mg/kWh)

CH4 (d4)

(mg/kWh)

NOx

(mg/kWh)

PM Mass

(mg/kWh)

NH3

ppm

PM Number

(#/kWh)

Cold start

Hot start w/o regeneration

Hot start with regeneration (1)

kr,u (mult/add) (1)

kr,d (mult/add) (1)

Weighted test result

Final test result with DF

CO2 mass emission: ... g/kWh

Fuel consumption: ... g/kWh

| 1.4.3. | Idle test

  Table 6


  Idle test











  Test | CO value


  (% vol.) | Lambda (1) | Engine speed (min–1) | Engine oil temperature (°C) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Low idle test | | N/A | | |
| High idle test | | | | |

1.4.3.

Table 6

Idle test

Test

CO value

(% vol.)

Lambda (1)

Engine speed (min–1)

Engine oil temperature (°C)

Low idle test

N/A

High idle test

| 1.4.4. | PEMS demonstration test

  Table 6a


  PEMS demonstration test












  Vehicle type (e.g. M3, N3 and application e.g. rigid or articulated truck, city bus) | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vehicle description (e.g. vehicle model, prototype) | |
| Pass-fail results (7) | CO | THC | NMHC | CH4 | NOx | PM number |
| Work window conformity factor (11) | | | | | | |
| CO2 mass window conformity factor (11) | | | | | | |
| Trip information | Urban | Rural | Motorway |
| Shares of time of the trip characterised by urban, rural and motorway operation as described in point 4.5 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 | | | |
| Shares of time of the trip characterised by accelerating, decelerating, cruising and stop as described in point 4.5.5 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 | | | |
| | Minimum | Maximum |
| Work window average power (%) | | |
| CO2 mass window duration (s) | | |
| Work window: percentage of valid windows | |
| CO2 mass window: percentage of valid windows | |
| Fuel consumption consistency ratio | |

1.4.4.

Table 6a

PEMS demonstration test

Vehicle type (e.g. M3, N3 and application e.g. rigid or articulated truck, city bus)

Vehicle description (e.g. vehicle model, prototype)

Pass-fail results (7)

CO

THC

NMHC

CH4

NOx

PM number

Work window conformity factor (11)

CO2 mass window conformity factor (11)

Trip information

Urban

Rural

Motorway

Shares of time of the trip characterised by urban, rural and motorway operation as described in point 4.5 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011

Shares of time of the trip characterised by accelerating, decelerating, cruising and stop as described in point 4.5.5 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011

Minimum

Maximum

Work window average power (%)

CO2 mass window duration (s)

Work window: percentage of valid windows

CO2 mass window: percentage of valid windows

Fuel consumption consistency ratio

| 1.5 | Power measurement |
| --- | --- |

1.5

| 1.5.1. | Engine power measured on test bench

  Table 7


  Engine power measured on test bench













  Measured engine speed (rpm) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Measured fuel flow (g/h) | | | | | | | |
| Measured torque (Nm) | | | | | | | |
| Measured power (kW) | | | | | | | |
| Barometric pressure (kPa) | | | | | | | |
| Water vapour pressure (kPa) | | | | | | | |
| Intake air temperature (K) | | | | | | | |
| Power correction factor | | | | | | | |
| Corrected power (kW) | | | | | | | |
| Auxiliary power (kW) (1) | | | | | | | |
| Net power (kW) | | | | | | | |
| Net torque (Nm) | | | | | | | |
| Corrected specific fuel consumption (g/kWh) | | | | | | | |

1.5.1.

Table 7

Engine power measured on test bench

Measured engine speed (rpm)

Measured fuel flow (g/h)

Measured torque (Nm)

Measured power (kW)

Barometric pressure (kPa)

Water vapour pressure (kPa)

Intake air temperature (K)

Power correction factor

Corrected power (kW)

Auxiliary power (kW) (1)

Net power (kW)

Net torque (Nm)

Corrected specific fuel consumption (g/kWh)

| 1.5.2. | Additional data, e.g. the power correction factor for each fuel declared (if applicable) |
| --- | --- |

1.5.2.

| (h) | in the Addendum to Appendix 7 point 1.1.5 is replaced by the following:






  ‘1.1.5. | Category of engine: Diesel/Petrol/LPG/NG-H/NG-L/NG-HL/Ethanol (ED95)/Ethanol (E85)/LNG/LNG20/B100 (1)’; |
| --- | --- | --- |

(h)

in the Addendum to Appendix 7 point 1.1.5 is replaced by the following:

‘1.1.5.

Category of engine: Diesel/Petrol/LPG/NG-H/NG-L/NG-HL/Ethanol (ED95)/Ethanol (E85)/LNG/LNG20

1

| (2) | in Annex II, point 4.4.2, the following sentence is added:

  ‘In the case of a B100 type-approval, approval authorities may request to test the vehicle on biodiesel with any FAME content.’; |
| --- | --- |

(2)

in Annex II, point 4.4.2, the following sentence is added:

‘In the case of a B100 type-approval, approval authorities may request to test the vehicle on biodiesel with any FAME content.’;

| (3) | in Annex IX, under the heading ‘Technical data on fuels for testing compression ignition and dual-fuel engines’, the following table is inserted after the table ‘Type: Diesel (B7)’:

  ‘
  Type: pure Biodiesel (B100) for compression ignition engines









  Parameter | Unit | Limits | Test method |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Minimum | Maximum |
| FAME content | % (m/m) | 96,5 | – | EN 14103 |
| Density at 15 °C | kg/m3 | 860 | 900 | EN ISO 3675
  EN ISO 12185 |
| Viscosity at 40 °C (1) | mm2/s | 3,50 | 5,00 | EN ISO 3104
  EN 16896 |
| Flash point | °C | 101 | – | EN ISO 2719
  EN ISO 3679 (2) |
| Cetane number (3) | – | 51,0 | – | EN ISO 5165
  EN 15195
  EN 16715
  EN 17155 |
| Copper strip corrosion (3 h at 50 °C) | Rating | class 1 | EN ISO 2160 |
| Oxidation stability (at 110 °C) | h | 8,0 | – | EN 14112
  EN 15751 |
| Acid value | mg KOH/g | – | 0,50 | EN 14104 |
| Iodine value | g iodine/100 g | – | 120 | EN 14111
  EN 16300 |
| Linolenic acid methyl ester | % (m/m) | – | 12,0 | EN 14103 |
| Polyunsaturated (≥ 4 double bonds) methyl esters | % (m/m) | – | 1,00 | EN 15779 |
| Methanol content | % (m/m) | – | 0,20 | EN 14110 |
| Monoglyceride content | % (m/m) | – | 0,70 | EN 14105 |
| Diglyceride content | % (m/m) | – | 0,20 | EN 14105 |
| Triglyceride content | % (m/m) | – | 0,20 | EN 14105 |
| Free glycerol | % (m/m) | – | 0,02 | EN 14105
  EN 14106 |
| Total glycerol | % (m/m) | – | 0,25 | EN 14105 |
| Water content | % (m/m) | – | 0,050 | EN ISO 12937 |
| Total contamination | mg/kg | – | 24 | EN 12662 |
| Sulphated ash content | % (m/m) | – | 0,02 | ISO 3987 |
| Sulphur content | mg/kg | – | 10,0 | EN ISO 20846
  EN ISO 20884
  EN ISO 13032 |
| Group I metals (Na+K) | mg/kg | – | 5,0 | EN 14108
  EN 14109
  EN 14538 |
| Group II metals (Ca+Mg) | mg/kg | – | 5,0 | EN 14538 |
| Phosphorus content | mg/kg | – | 4,0 | EN 14107
  EN 16294 |

(3)

in Annex IX, under the heading ‘Technical data on fuels for testing compression ignition and dual-fuel engines’, the following table is inserted after the table ‘Type: Diesel (B7)’:

‘
  Type: pure Biodiesel (B100) for compression ignition engines

Type: pure Biodiesel (B100)

Parameter

Unit

Limits

Test method

Minimum

Maximum

FAME content

% (m/m)

96,5

–

EN 14103

Density at 15 °C

kg/m3

3

860

900

EN ISO 3675

EN ISO 12185

Viscosity at 40 °C (1)

1

mm2/s

2

3,50

5,00

EN ISO 3104

EN 16896

Flash point

°C

101

–

EN ISO 2719

EN ISO 3679 (2)

2

Cetane number (3)

3

–

51,0

–

EN ISO 5165

EN 15195

EN 16715

EN 17155

Copper strip corrosion (3 h at 50 °C)

Rating

class 1

EN ISO 2160

Oxidation stability (at 110 °C)

h

8,0

–

EN 14112

EN 15751

Acid value

mg KOH/g

–

0,50

EN 14104

Iodine value

g iodine/100 g

–

120

EN 14111

EN 16300

Linolenic acid methyl ester

% (m/m)

–

12,0

EN 14103

Polyunsaturated (≥ 4 double bonds) methyl esters

% (m/m)

–

1,00

EN 15779

Methanol content

% (m/m)

–

0,20

EN 14110

Monoglyceride content

% (m/m)

–

0,70

EN 14105

Diglyceride content

% (m/m)

–

0,20

EN 14105

Triglyceride content

% (m/m)

–

0,20

EN 14105

Free glycerol

% (m/m)

–

0,02

EN 14105

EN 14106

Total glycerol

% (m/m)

–

0,25

EN 14105

Water content

% (m/m)

–

0,050

EN ISO 12937

Total contamination

mg/kg

–

24

EN 12662

Sulphated ash content

% (m/m)

–

0,02

ISO 3987

Sulphur content

mg/kg

–

10,0

EN ISO 20846

EN ISO 20884

EN ISO 13032

Group I metals (Na+K)

mg/kg

–

5,0

EN 14108

EN 14109

EN 14538

Group II metals (Ca+Mg)

mg/kg

–

5,0

EN 14538

Phosphorus content

mg/kg

–

4,0

EN 14107

EN 16294

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(*1)  Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC (OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58).’;’

*1

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(1)  If CFPP is – 20 °C or lower, the viscosity shall be measured at – 20 °C. The measured value shall not exceed 48 mm2/s. In this case, the standard test methods are applicable without the precision data owing to non-Newtonian behaviour in a two-phase system.

1

2

(2)  A 2 ml sample and apparatus equipped with a thermal detection device shall be used.

2

(3)  The determination of derived cetane number for FAME is not included in the precision determinations of some test methods.’

3

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