NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Statewide Expansion of Bicycle Facilities RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Page 1 Control Measure: This project covers the ex pansion of existing bicycle facilities and the creation of entirely new facilities throughout the stat e. This will encourage bicycle use for work and other trip purposes, replacing some motorized trips and leading to a reduction in emissions

Description: Counties throughout the state of New Jersey have a number of programmed (funded) and proposed bicycle facilities. T hese new and expanded facilities will help to attract shorter distant trips aw ay from autos and will have a corresponding reduction in emissions. Both commu ter trips and recreational trips will be attracted to these new facilities.

Methodology: The NJ-AQONE software package, specif ically the “Bicycle Improvements” project type, was used in the evaluation of the im pact of the proposed bike trails. Separate runs were done for each county to reflect local conditions.

One of the major inputs into the analysi s was the length of the existing bicycle facilities and the total length of new facilities to be created. The GIS based inventory data supplied wit h the NJDOT Bicycle/Pedestrian Master Planning Phase Two CD ROM was used for this In formation. These bicycle facility inventory databases contain the follo w information for both on and off road facilities:

1) A list of know, existing facilities 2) A list of programmed (funded) future facilities 3) A list of proposed (unfunded) future facilities

For the purposes of this analysis, the tota l amount of existing bike trails was set equal to the total on-road and off-road reco rded in the database. For the length of the future (2009) bicycle trails, all of the programmed and 10% of the proposed trails were included. The service area captured by the proposed bike trails was assumed to be a 1 mile wide band along the total length of new the trails.

Inputs/Assumptions:

 The length of the existing and future bicycle trails was obtained from the NJDOT Bicycle/Pedestrian Master Pl an Phase 2 Facility Inventory and is summarized in Table 1

 Project impacts were estimated us ing the NJ-AQONE Bicycle Improvements methodology. This methodology estima tes the total number of commuter and recreational trips that the proposed fac ility would attract currently using autoNEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Statewide Expansion of Bicycle Facilities RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Page 2  The length of the additiona l trails was assumed to include all programmed (funded) facilities and 10% of proposed fa cilities. The relatively low 10% figure was based on the assumption that most of the proposed tr ails, if built at all, would not be completed within the next 4-5 year (the timeframe of the RACM analysis)

 For the remaining inputs, the defaul t values supplied by the NJAQONE software were used

 The service area (an input required by the software) was approximated by multiplying the total length of the new facilities by 1 mile, yielding an estimate of the total service area

 Each county was analyzed separately and results totaled statewide and by non-attainment area (both Ozone and PM 2. 5). Output from the software is found at the end of this documentation.

Table 1: Inventory of Existing, Programmed and Proposed Bike Trails in New Jersey

County Existing (Miles) Programmed (Miles) Proposed (Miles) 10% of Proposed

(Miles) Total Effective

Future (Miles) Estimated Service

Area (Miles)

Atlantic 38.78 14.90 191.44 19.14 34.05 36.05 Bergen 15.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 Burlington 88.95 0.00 158.00 15.80 15.80 17.80 Camden 26.66 10.14 35.94 3.59 13.73 15.73 Cape May 23.05 12.22 2.73 0.27 12.49 14.49 Cumberland 0.67 0.00 80.08 8.01 8.01 10.01 Essex 40.46 20.48 5.53 0.55 21.04 23.04 Gloucester 4.43 3.65 9.30 0.93 4.58 6.58 Hudson 3.22 2.68 2.31 0.23 2.92 4.92 Hunterdon 120.99 3.63 182.03 18.20 21.84 23.84 Mercer 78.34 2.21 3.68 0.37 2.58 4.58 Middlesex 30.81 21.47 205.09 20.51 41.98 43.98 Monmouth 118.82 8.62 33.36 3.34 11.95 13.95 Morris 292.95 6.52 263.95 26.39 32.92 34.92 Ocean 21.98 4.61 21.90 2.19 6.80 8.80 Passaic 40.16 11.14 1.76 0.18 11.32 13.32 Salem 8.04 0.00 105.71 10.57 10.57 12.57 Somerset 52.38 23.28 0.00 0.00 23.28 25.28 Sussex 64.87 5.70 41.35 4.13 9.84 11.84 Union 14.15 0.00 16.41 1.64 1.64 3.64
Warren 5.94 1.57 1.32 0.13 1.70 3.70NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Statewide Expansion of Bicycle Facilities RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Page 3 Results: Statewide Summer Day/Annual Benefits

Total VT Reduced = 992 trips/day Statewide Total VMT Reduced = 2,591 miles/day Statewide

Emission Reductions (Statewide):

Pollutant Type Analysis Year 2009 Tons/Day Tons/Year VOC 0.0027 - NOx 0.0018 0.47 PM2.5 - 0.02 SO 2 - 0.01

Ozone Analysis – Daily Benefits in New Jersey

Benefits (Reductions) Ozone Non-Attainment Area
New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT PhiladelphiaWilmington-Atlantic City PA-NJ-MD-DE VT 839 153 VMT 2,193 398 VOC (Tons/Day) 0.0023 0.0043 NOx (Tons/Day) 0.0015 0.00029

PM2.5 Analysis – Annual Benefits in New Jersey

Benefits (Reductions) PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area
New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT PhiladelphiaWilmington

PA-NJ-DE VT 204,500 534,000 VMT 19,500 50,750 NOx (Tons/Year) 0.38 0.041 PM2.5 (Tons/Year) 0.017 0.0016 SO 2 (Tons/Year) 0.010 0.0010NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Statewide Expansion of Bicycle Facilities RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Page 4 Cost/Benefit Analysis

Total costs were estimated as follows:

For Off-Road Facilities: Capital Cost: $150,000/Mile over 15 Years Operating/Maintenan ce: $6,000/Mile/Year Total Annual cost: $16,000/Mile/Year

For On-Road Facilities $4,500/Mile over 5 years = $900/Mile/Year

Total cost for the various non-a ttainment areas are as follows:

County Estimated Cost For Each AQ Region Ozone PM 2.5

NY-NJ-CT PA-NJDE-MA NY-NJ-CT PA-NJDE Atlantic $0 $30,642 $0 $0 Bergen $0 $0 $0 $0 Burlington $0 $151,138 $0 $151,138 Camden $0 $74,948 $0 $74,948 Cape May $0 $148,908 $0 $0 Cumberland $0 $24,809 $0 $0 Essex $59,084 $0 $59,084 $0 Gloucester $0 $49,182 $0 $49,182 Hudson $2,624 $0 $2,624 $0 Hunterdon $24,157 $0 $0 $0 Mercer $0 $41,237 $41,237 $0 Middlesex $348,920 $0 $348,920 $0 Monmouth $111,905 $0 $111,905 $0 Morris $432,186 $0 $432,186 $0 Ocean $0 $103,530 $0 $0 Passaic $104,893 $0 $104,893 $0 Salem $0 $9,514 $0 $0 Somerset $110,063 $0 $110,063 $0 Sussex $145,873 $0 $0 $0 Union $1,477 $0 $1,477 $0 Warren $3,531 $0 $0 $0 Total $1,344,712 $633,907 $1,212,388 $275,268NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Statewide Expansion of Bicycle Facilities RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Page 5 Cost/Benefit Results

Pollutant Cost/Benefit for Each Pollutant Ozone* PM 2.5

NY-NJ-CT PA-NJ-DEMD NY-NJ-CT PA-NJ-DE VOC ($/Ton/Day) $2,345,969 $5,898,172 - - NOx ($/Ton/Day) $3,485,440 $8,847,258 - - NOx ($/Ton/Year) - - $3,190,496 $6,660,958 PM2.5 ($/Ton/Year) - - $69,788,164 $171,040,616 SO2 ($/Ton/Year) - - $116,387,456 $287,033,677 *Daily Costs used in calculation of cost/ benefit ratio are Annual costs divided by 250