NIST Special Publication 260-182 

Re-Certification of SRM 2492:

Bingham Paste Mixture for 

Rheological Measurements

Alex Olivas

Chiara F. Ferraris

William F. Guthrie

Blaza Toman
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NIST Special Publication 260-182

Re-Certification of SRM 2492:

Bingham Paste Mixture for 

Rheological Measurements

Alex Olivas

Chiara F. Ferraris

Materials and Construction Research Division

Engineering Laboratory

William F. Guthrie

Blaza Toman

Statistical Engineering Division

Information Technology Laboratory

10.6028/NIST.SP.260-182

August 2015

U.S. Department of Commerce 

Penny Pritzker, Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

Willie May, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director
Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this

document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately.

Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the

National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the

entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 260-182

Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 260-182, 120 pages (June 2015)

10.6028/NIST.SP.260-182 

CODEN: NSPUE2
Abstract

Rheological measurements are often performed using a rotational rheometer. In this 

type of rheometer, the tested fluid is sheared between two surfaces, one of which is

rotating [1]. Usually, an angular velocity is imposed on the fluid (through the rotating 

surface) and this angular velocity determines the shear rate the fluid is subjected to. The 

response of the material is monitored by the measurement of the resultant torque on the 

shaft of the rheometer; this torque can then be converted to shear stress. In order to 

calibrate a rheometer, a standard oil of known viscosity should be tested in the rheometer 

to verify that the instrument is operating correctly. However, these standard oils are 

expensive; which makes it impractical for use in calibrating with the rheometer with a 

large capacity as needed for concrete. 

Additional, these standard oils that are not suspensions (i.e. they do not have solid 

particles suspended in the media), and thus using them may not capture some issues that 

may occur in a suspension rheology. Therefore, a relatively inexpensive, reference material 

is needed that incorporates aggregates for concrete rheometers. As concrete and mortar are 

non-Newtonian, the reference material should also be non-Newtonian. This report follows 

the development and serves as re-certification of a Standard Reference Material (SRM) for 

cement paste [2]. A multiscale approach will be utilized to develop SRMs for mortar and 

concrete in the future. The SRM 2492 will be the matrix fluid for a mortar SRM that will 

in turn become the matrix fluid for a concrete SRM.

The report SP 260-174 Rev.2012 [2] describes how this SRM 2492, a “Bingham 

Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements” was developed and provides all the details 

on the various ingredients. After an inter-laboratory study under the sponsorship of the 

American Concrete Institute (ACI) committee 238, Workability of Fresh Concrete, it was 

found that the instructions provided to prepare the SRM were inadequate to obtain 

reproducible data in all laboratories. Thus after establishing a better preparation method, 

new instructions were drafted and it was found that the certified values were no longer 

valid. Thus, it was necessary to redo a series of testing to obtain a new certified value. This 

report provides all measurements obtained, the calculation of the new rheological 

characteristics and the statistical analyses. 

This is report is the third edition of the report and is based on new data using a 

different method for preparing the mixture (see section 3.3) that was developed with 

feedback from customers. Thus, sections and appendices were added or modified. The 

certificate is available only online.

This report complements the previous report SP-260-174 Rev.2012
Acknowledgements

The authors would also like to thank some key persons at NIST whom this certification 

could not have been completed without: Drs. Nicos Martys, Kenneth Snyder, Jason Averill

(NIST) and Raissa Ferron (University of Texas - Austin) for their valuable comments.

Brian Lang (NIST) provided the corn syrup analysis.

Dr. Ferraris would like to personally thank also Dr. Zhuguo Li (Yamaguchi University)

and Dr. Min-Hong Zhang (National University of Singapore) whose collaboration during 

their stay at NIST led to the basis of this SRM.
Table of Contents

1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 1

2 Description of Rheological Measurements................................................................. 2

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................2

2.2 Rheological parameters..........................................................................................3

2.3 Measurements and interpretation ...........................................................................4

2.3.1 Experimental set-up ...........................................................................................4

2.3.2 Calculation of the rheological parameters from the measurements...................5

2.3.3 Calibration with oil ............................................................................................6

3 Materials...................................................................................................................... 6

3.1 Characteristics of the Limestone and Corn Syrup .................................................6

3.2 Packaging ...............................................................................................................9

3.3 New preparation method of the SRM ....................................................................9

3.3.1 Quality control of the corn syrup solution .......................................................10

4 Experimental Design................................................................................................. 12

5 Viscosity curves........................................................................................................ 14

6 Statistical Analysis.................................................................................................... 17

6.1 Reanalysis of Rheological Quantities for SRM2492 ...........................................17

6.2 Statistical Analysis of Viscosity curves...............................................................20

6.2.1 Viscosity versus shear rate...............................................................................20

6.2.2 Bingham parameters from log scale viscosity curves......................................22

7 Summary ................................................................................................................... 25

8 References................................................................................................................. 26

9 Appendices.................................................................................................................. 1

Appendix A: Statistical analysis for re-certification Bingham calculations...............A-1

Appendix B: Data for re-certification calculations............................................B-1

Appendix C: Viscosity Curve Data ..............................................................C-1

Appendix D: Viscosity Curve Certified and Reference Values...............................D-1
List of Figures

Figure 1: Bingham model and calculation of the plastic viscosity and yield stress...............4

Figure 2: Parallel Plate Rheometer ........................................................................................5

Figure 3: Particle size distribution of the 12 limestone containers. .......................................8

Figure 4: Density of the 12 limestone containers...................................................................8

Figure 5: Log- vs. linear-scale measurement intervals. .......................................................15

Figure 6: Viscosity curves for five samples of SRM2492 at age = 1 day............................15

Figure 7: Viscosity curves for five samples of SRM2492 at age = 3 days. .........................16

Figure 8: Viscosity curves for five samples of SRM2492 at age = 7 days. .........................16

Figure 9: Average viscosity curves for each day measured from the statistical analysis. ...22

List of Tables

Table 1: Measured (a) and average (b) data for PSD of limestone..........................................

Table 2: Viscosity measurements of corn syrup solution with vibrational viscometer, and 

the corresponding temperature. (code of mix is explained in section 4) .........................

Table 3: Randomized order of testing for 12 selected units (boxes) where I under the Box # 

column corresponds to materials stored in the SRM inventory and F corresponds to a 

materials stored in the division storage...........................................................................

Table 4: SRM testing schedule. ...............................................................................................

Table 5: Yield Stress and Plastic Viscosity Values from linear shear rate scale (certified 

values are shown in bold type and reference values are shown in regular type). ........19

Table 6: Yield Stress and Plastic Viscosity Values from logarithmic shear rate scale 

(certified values are shown in bold type and reference values are shown in regular 

type)..............................................................................................................................24
1

1 Introduction

A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference 

Material® (SRM) meets specific certification criteria1 and is issued with a certificate of 

analysis that reports the results of its characterization and provides information regarding 

the appropriate use(s) of the material. An SRM is prepared and used for three main 

purposes: 1) to help develop accurate methods of analysis; 2) to calibrate measurement 

systems used to facilitate exchange of goods, institute quality control, determine 

performance characteristics, or measure a property at the state-of-art limit; and 3) to ensure 

the long-term adequacy and integrity of measurement quality assurance programs. NIST

provides over 1 300 different SRMs to industry and academia. Every NIST SRM is 

provided with a certificate of analysis that gives the official characterization of the 

material’s properties. In addition, supplementary documentation, such as this report, 

describing the development, analysis, and use of SRMs, is also often provided to ensure

effective use of these materials.

There are several SRMs related to the cement industry but none are related to the 

rheological properties of cement paste, mortar or concrete. The existing calibration oils are

too expensive to fill a concrete rheometer; therefore, a need exists in the industry for an 

inexpensive non-Newtonian reference material specifically designed for concrete. SRM 

2492, the first step for concrete rheological SRM production, was developed as described 

in a previous report [2]. After the certification of SRM 2492, American Concrete Institute 

(ACI) Committee 238, Workability of Fresh Concrete, organized an inter-laboratory study, 

where it was found that the certified values were not easily reproducible by laboratories 

other than NIST. Therefore, a new preparation method of the SRM was developed to 

ensure reproducible values are obtained universally. The values given in this report were 

obtained through testing performed at NIST using a commercial rheometer with a serrated 

parallel plate geometry system. 

The objective of this report is to correct and re-certify the values of the SRM 2492: 

“Bingham Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements.” A brief description of the 

methodology and all measurements used are provided along with the statistical analysis.

This is report is the third edition of the report and is based on new data using a

different method for preparing the mixture (see section 3.3) that was developed with 

feedback from customers. Thus, sections and appendices were added or modified. The 

certificate is available only online.

.

This report complements the previous report SP-260-174 Rev.2012

 1 http://www.nist.gov/srm/program_info.cfm
2

2 Description of Rheological Measurements

2.1 Introduction

Rheological measurements are commonly performed using a rotational rheometer. In 

this type of rheometer, the test fluid is sheared between two surfaces, one of which is

rotating while the other is stationary [1]. The rate of the rotating surface is precisely 

controlled by a computer, while measuring the torque resulting from the material response. 

Commercial Laboratory rheometers are mainly designed for homogeneous liquids (e.g.,

oils) containing no particles. The equipment manufacturers recommend the use of a 

standard oil of known viscosity to verify that the rheometer is operating correctly. The 

dynamic viscosities of the standard oils are determined by reference to the water viscosity 

established by an international consensus in 1953 [3], as described in International 

Organization for Standardization (ISO)-3666 [4]. In 1954, NIST [3] conducted a study to 

compare two rheological devices, the Bingham viscometer and the Cannon Master

viscometer (both based on capillary flow) that are still used today for determining the 

viscosity values of standard oils. 

It is not economically practical to use the standard oils (sold in 100 mL containers)

in concrete rheometers due to the large volumes of oil needed (often around 7 L to 20 L 

depending on the design). In 2003, an international round-robin used an oil of a known

viscosity (29.5 Pa·s ± 0.6 Pa·s) to calibrate concrete rheometers [5, 6, 7]. It was shown that 

not all rheometers were able to measure rheological properties of this oil, due to the lack of

specific shear patterns and slippage on the shearing surfaces. In the case of fresh concrete, 

the geometry of the rheometer needs to accommodate aggregates, at least 25 mm in 

diameter. The complex geometry of the rheometer results in unknown shear patterns and 

test results that cannot be quantitatively characterized in fundamental units; therefore, 

calibration of such large and non-standard rheometers is impossible using the traditional 

measurement protocols.

The results of the interlaboratory study revealed the need for a new reference 

material for calibrating concrete rheometers. Concrete is a non-Newtonian suspension, thus

any reference material mixture should also be a non-Newtonian, chemically stable 

suspension. Ideally such a material must be inexpensive, reproducible and repeatable with 

respect to both its physical and chemical properties, and readily allow the inclusion of 

aggregates similar as used in concrete. Given the constraints, the new strategy was to 

develop a granular mixture similar to concrete. The ACI Committee 238 on “Workability 

of Fresh Concrete” considered this approach and recommended the use of an oil of known 

viscosity in which particles could be added. The calculation of the viscosity of the mixture 

would be a combination of experimental measurements and computerized modeling. Thus, 

spherical particles would simplify the computerized model. Moreover, the particle specific 

gravity should match that of the oil to avoid sedimentation during testing as the medium 

has no yield stress. Given these constraints, hollow plastic spheres were an excellent 

candidate material. Unfortunately, their cost was prohibitive. Therefore, this idea was 

deemed impractical and thus, was abandoned as a viable strategy. Instead, a multiscale 

approach was considered to be the next best option.
3

The multiscale approach consists of developing a paste, followed by a wellcharacterized mortar and a well-characterized concrete. A mortar is produced by adding

sand to the cement paste, while a concrete is produced by adding coarse aggregates to the 

mortar. The rheological parameters of the mortar and concrete would be determined from 

the paste through a combination of measurements and computer simulation. The 

simulation is designed to calculate the viscosity of the suspensions (mortar or concrete) 

from the medium viscosity (cement paste) with various aggregate concentrations, 

aggregate size distribution, and particle shape. Therefore, the first step is to develop a paste 

reference material. This report presents a new paste SRM that was produced based on a 

preliminary study [8]. 

A non-Newtonian reference material for cement paste should have the following 

characteristics: 1) no particle segregation for the duration of the test; 2) linear Bingham 

stress response to shear rates over a large range such as cement paste; 3) rheological and 

chemical properties unchanged over at least several days, with no chemical reactions 

between the medium and the particles; 4) a yield stress sufficient to avoid segregation of 

added sand and coarse aggregates; and 5) the linear response should be reversible, 

implying no structural breakdown or build-up, flocculation or deflocculation during the 

test (i.e., no hysteresis).

2.2 Rheological parameters

The primary output of rheological measurements is either a shear stress-shear rate 

plot or a plot of the rotational speed of the rotating surface versus the torque. In cases 

where the geometry of the rheometer does not permit a direct calculation of the shear stress 

and shear rate in fundamental units, the rotational speed is plotted against torque [9]. 

The viscosity [1] is defined as the ratio of the shear stress over the shear rate at a 

given shear rate and temperature. For a Newtonian fluid, the viscosity is constant across all 

shear rates and is the slope of a line with zero intercept fit to the shear stress-shear rate 

data. Most granular mixtures are non-Newtonian (i.e. Viscosity is shear-rate dependent). 

One common type of non-Newtonian fluids exhibits a yield stress. This yield stress can be 

estimated from the shear stress and shear rate in several ways. The most common method

used for cement-based materials is the curve fitting the shear stress-shear rate curve with 

the Bingham test equation [9, 10, 11]. 

The Bingham equation (Eq. 1) assumes a linear relationship between shear stress 

and shear rate, where the plastic viscosity ηpl is the slope and the yield stress τB is the 

intercept of the curve at zero shear rate. The point of zero shear rate is generally not 

measured, so it is determined by an extrapolation (Figure 1). The Bingham rheological 

parameters, yield stress and plastic viscosity, will characterize the flow curve within a 

range of shear rates, as shown in Figure 1 and equation (1).

σ σ η γ = B + pl (1)

where σ = shear stress, σB = yield stress, ηpl = plastic viscosity, and γ = shear rate.
4

2.3 Measurements and interpretation

2.3.1 Experimental set-up

Conventional rotational rheometers often have different geometries. Nevertheless, 

the measurement always involves the material being sheared between two surfaces [1]. The 

geometry used in this report is serrated parallel plates as shown in Figure 2. The plates 

were 35 mm in diameter. Figure 2A shows the actual plates while Figure 2B shows a 

schematic of a parallel plate rheometer. To shear a granular material, precautions need to 

be taken to avoid slippage of the shearing surface. Both plate in the device used had 

serrated surfaces as shown in Figure 2C. As this SRM contains water, precautions also 

need to be taken to avoid evaporation during the measurement. This is achieved by 

creating a small enclosure around the shearing plates as shown in Figure 2D. Finally, a wet 

sponge was placed in the enclosure to maintain a high relative humidity environment. This 

set-up is identical to the one used in the previous report [2], but the current rheometer is a 

newer model.

The gap between the two parallel plates was 0.600 mm ± 0.001 mm (one standard 

deviation). A smaller gap could cause the particles to jam while a larger gap might lead to 

the material not staying between the plates. The temperature of the rheometer was 

maintained at 23 °C ± 0.5 °C during all tests via controlled water bath. A measured volume 

of 1.2 mL of material was placed in the rheometer and the gap adjusted to 0.6 mm

automatically. Then the material was nominally sheared at 0.01 s-1 for 150 s before starting 

the Bingham test. The Bingham test consisted of increasing the nominal shear rate from 

0.1 s-1 to 50 s-1 (15 points in total) and then decreasing shear rate from 50 s-1 to 0.1 s-1 (20 

points in total). Both linear and logarithmic scales were used (Section 4 and Section 5). At 

each point the shear rate was maintained at the desired value until a stable value (less than 

5 % changes automatically determined by the computer) of the torque was reached, but for 

a time not to exceed 30 s, to limit the duration of the testing time. The hysteresis (Pa/s) was 

defined as the area between the up (increasing shear rate) and down (decreasing shear rate) 

curves of a shear stress vs. shear rate graph.

ηpl

σB

Shear rate

*

* *

* *

*

Shear stress

ηpl

σB

Shear rate

*

* *

* *

*

Shear stress

Figure 1: Bingham model and calculation of 

the plastic viscosity and yield stress.
5

2.3.2 Calculation of the rheological parameters from the measurements

The rotational speed is controlled and the torque is measured. The computer software

calculates the shear rate and shear stress automatically from the rotational speed and 

measured torque. The shear rate is calculated as follows:

n

h

R

R γ = ⋅ 2π ⋅ (2)

Where: R γ = shear rate at the outer edge [1/s]

R = radius of shear [mm] (17.5 mm in our case)

h = gap or distance between the plates [mm] (0.600 mm ± 0.001 mm)

n = speed of rotation of the top plate, revolution/s [1/s]

Figure 2: Parallel Plate Rheometer: a) actual serrated plates used; (b) 

schematic of system showing top plate is subjected to torque; (c) 

details about serrations of the plates; (d) evaporation trap for sample
6

The shear stress calculation from the torque accounts for the nonNewtonian properties [9]:

) ln

ln (3

2 3 d R

d T

R

T

π γ

τ  + ⋅ ⋅ = (3)

Where: τ = shear stress [Pa]

T = torque at the outer edge [N.m]

R = radius of shear [mm] (17.5 mm in our case)

R γ = shear rate [1/s]

This non-Newtonian approximation is used because the shear rate is not constant in the 

radial direction (i.e. shear rate is zero in the center of the plate and then reaches a 

maximum value at the outer edge), thus the torque at the outer edge of the plate is used to 

approximate the shear stress. This is considered a better approximation of the paste 

behavior and was used to calculate the certified values. 

2.3.3 Calibration with oil

Accurate rheological error assessment, including the correction of the zeroing of the 

plates, requires a standard oil. The measurement protocol for making these assessments is 

described in the previous report [2]. After calculating the shear rate and shear stress from 

the torque and angular velocity, these values were corrected for plate roughness and 

zeroing error (due to the instrument) as outlined by Ferraris et al. [10]. This correction 

consists of modifying the gap by 0.22 mm [11, 13, 14]. Further details on the uncertainty 

of the method can be found in ref. [10].

3 Materials

3.1 Characteristics of the Limestone and Corn Syrup

The mixture is composed of a corn syrup aqueous solution and limestone (further 

details about the preparation of the mixture is provided in Section 3.4). A commercial 

source of 100% glucose corn syrup was identified, and the purity was confirmed by testing 

done at NIST. The limestone powder is a micro-limestone flour. Analyses were conducted 

on samples of the limestone powder to determine its particle size distribution (PSD), as 

well as its mineralogical, chemical, and physical properties. The same materials were used 

as those described in the previous report [2], which provides detailed characterization of 

these materials.

Two methods were used in our characterization process to measure the density of 

the limestone. In addition to using the current standard method, ASTM C188-14 (Le 

Chatelier method), a helium pycnometer was also used to provide more consistency. A 

study at NIST compared the two methods for the limestone and other powders, which 

concluded by proposing that the helium pycnometer be a new standard method for density 

measurements of hydraulic cement [15]. The pycnometer provides more efficient density 

measurements since the testing fluid is a gas (helium) rather than a liquid (kerosene or 

alcohol for example); therefore, the pycnometer is capable of filling more air voids. The 
7

helium pycnometer measured the average density of the limestone to be 2724 kg/m3 ± 15

kg/m3, while the Le Chatelier method recorded a value of 2608 kg/m3 ± 35 kg/m3. The 

density by helium pycnometer is used as it is more repeatable. This is an update to the 

limestone density reported previously [2]. The particle size distribution (PSD) and 

densities for all 12 mixes used during the re-certification process are shown on Figure 3 

and 4, respectively. The PSD data measured using a laser diffraction device [12] and the 

calculated averages are presented in Table 1 (a) and (b). (I and F represent limestone

storage location, explained in Section 4). It should be noted that there is no difference in 

the PSD or the density measured on the samples from the two storage areas (See Table 1b). 

Table 1: Measured (a) and average (b) data for PSD of limestone. The d 

values represent the size of the particles at which 10 % (0.1), 50 % (0.5) 

and 90 % (0.9) of the sample by volume is finer. (a)

(b)

Box #

Mix 

Code NIST Code d(0.1) d(0.5) d(0.9) span SSA 

[m^2/g]

I1 A PSD3-126BD 2.47 17.49 57.79 3.16 0.345

I2 B PSD3-130BD 2.51 17.06 55.55 3.11 0.343

I3 C PSD3-127AD 2.39 17.18 55.94 3.12 0.354

I4 D PSD3-127BD 2.41 16.99 54.73 3.08 0.353

I5 E PSD3-127CD 2.51 17.78 57.87 3.11 0.340

I6 F PSD3-123AD 2.54 17.18 57.08 3.18 0.336

F1 G PSD3-122DD 2.43 16.33 56.55 3.31 0.357

F2 H PSD3-129AD 2.32 16.38 56.31 3.30 0.364

F3 I PSD3-146AD 2.78 17.71 59.05 3.18 0.324

F4 J PSD3-129BD 2.41 17.28 58.95 3.27 0.350

F5 K PSD3-130CC 2.66 18.43 60.07 3.12 0.327

F6 L PSD3-129CD 2.43 17.68 58.85 3.19 0.347

d(0.1) d(0.5) d(0.9) span

SSA 

[m^2/g]

Total Avg 2.49 17.29 57.40 3.18 0.35

SD 0.1 0.6 1.6 0.1 0.01

COV 5% 3% 3% 2% 3%

Avg 2.47 17.28 56.49 3.13 0.35

SD 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.0 0.0

COV 3% 2% 2% 1% 2%

Avg 2.50 17.30 58.30 3.23 0.34

SD 0.2 0.8 1.5 0.1 0.0

COV 7% 5% 3% 2% 5%

Lab Inventory (I)

Division Storage (F)
8

2500

2550

2600

2650

2700

2750

2800

2850

2900

2950

3000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Density [kg/m3]

Mix # (A=1...L=12)

Figure 4: Density of the 12 limestone containers, measured with helium pycnometer.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0.1 1 10 100 1000

Volume Fraction [%]

Size [μm]

Figure 3: Particle size distribution of the 12 limestone containers.
9

Rheological characterization of the corn syrup was performed using a viscometer, as 

explained later in Section 3.3.1. Some variation in viscosity for the SRM packaged corn 

syrup was detected. Further investigation revealed that two shipments of corn syrup were 

received by NIST and used for the preparation of the SRM. Both shipments came from the 

same manufacturer; therefore the viscosity was not expected to change due to shipment 

date.

A vibrational viscometer and rheometer were used to test twelve mixtures during 

this re-certification process, and the results helped quantify any difference in viscosity 

values for the corn syrups (Section 3.3.1). 

3.2 Packaging

 The previous report [2] described the packaging scheme that was executed for the 

SRM materials. The packaged SRM contains enough material to make two batches of 

paste. No further packaging was performed for this re-certification.

3.3 New preparation method of the SRM

The re-certification of SRM 2492 originates from the discovery, during an interlaboratory study sponsored by ACI committee 238, that other laboratories could not obtain 

the same certified value as NIST. Therefore, the mixing procedure was modified in order 

to enhance the reproducibility. 

The mixture composition of the SRM is provided below:

• Corn Syrup: 200 g

• Distilled water: 63.16 g

• Limestone: 458.1 g

A prepared mixture of SRM has a shelf life of about 7 days. Therefore, it should not be 

prepared too far in advance of its usage. The SRM mixture is prepared by using a high 

shear blender as described in ASTM C1738. The modification of how to introduce the corn 

syrup to the high shear blender was implemented as follows:

Place the correct amount of corn syrup in a wide mouth plastic jar (volume 

about 140 mL), then introduce the measured room temperature water to the 

jar, and mix with a spatula by hand until the mixture is homogeneous. On 

average it will take five minutes to dilute the visible glucose chains of the

corn syrup in the water. Assuring the syrup is diluted prior to adding it into 

the high shear blender results in a more effective transfer of the corn syrup 

into the mixture. Thus, this method assures that the mixture composition is 

as proposed. 

Fifteen minutes after the corn syrup solution has been mixed, introduce it in the mixer and 

proceed as described in ASTM C1738 to complete mixing the SRM. The water bath and 

the rheometer should be maintained at 23 °C ± 2 °C. The delay of 15 min (± 1 min) after 

mixing the corn syrup and before introducing it in the mixer was dictated by the viscosity 
10

measurements done at NIST (Section 3.3.1) to verify the homogeneity of the corn syrup 

solution and ensure that the temperature is stable at 23 °C ± 2 °C.

Store the prepared SRM mixture in a sealed plastic jar maintained at 23 °C ± 2 °C. 

It is recommended to use a plunger mixer to remix the prepared SRM before each use for 

at least 60 s at 300 RPM (31 rad/s). The plastic jar should be low moisture vapor

transmission rate (MVTR), i.e., less than 5·10-6 g·m/m2·d (1 g-mil/100 in2/d) such as 

polypropylene. Also, when not in use the jar should be closed with a lid and sealed with 

wax paper. This would prevent any evaporation of the water in between testing. 

3.3.1 Quality control of the corn syrup solution

During the development of the SRM and the round-robin sponsored by ACI 

Committee 238, it was found that the introduction of the corn syrup in the blender was 

problematic, i.e. difficult to ensure that all the corn syrup was being used as some was left 

on the walls of the container. It was determined that the new method of premixing the 

corn syrup in water should improve the process. To verify this assumption, the quality of 

the solution was monitored by measuring its temperature and its viscosity prior to the 

introduction in the blender. 

To measure the viscosity of the solution a vibrational viscometer was used. The 

viscometer consists of a rod that is immersed in the fluid to be measured. The rod vibrates 

at a high frequency, and it measures the damping due to the fluid. The amplitude is small 

and the power consumed is then converted to viscosity [16]. The viscosity measured is the 

kinematic viscosity of the fluid. The temperature can also be measured at the same time

using a thermocouple. The data are shown in Table 2. 

An observation during this quality control process showed that the corn syrup 

viscosity varied depending on the date received. The two different shipments are labelled 

CS-A and CS-B; CS-A was received prior to CS-B and typically had a higher viscosity 

than CS-B. Most corn syrup bottles in the SRM 2492 packages consist of CS-A since this 

shipment was exhausted; this created the need to order exceCS-B. Unfortunately, the SRM 

as packaged cannot distinguish which corn syrup (CS-A or CS-B) was used. The statistical 

analysis takes this into account. 

Twenty-minute observations found the average kinematic viscosity of all the 

mixtures prepared for this report to be 159 cP ± 5 cP (1000 cP = 1 Pa∙s) (see Table 2). It 

was discovered that the viscosity readings stabilized after allowing the solution to sit for 15 

minutes post hand-mixing. Therefore, the average viscosity calculated for each mix only 

considers the 15 and 20 minute values since this gives the most accurate viscosity readings. 

The consistency of the data, with a coefficient of variation of only 3 %, served as quality 

assurance that no new sources of error were introduced with the new SRM preparation 

method. The temperature was on average 23.0 ◦C ± 0.5 ◦C (one standard deviation) for 10 

min and 15 min and was 22.8 ◦C ± 0.5 ◦C after 20 min. These patterns showed that the 

temperature slightly decreases with time after mixing, although it is within the standard 

deviation. 
11

Table 2: Viscosity measurements of corn syrup solution with vibrational viscometer, and the 

corresponding temperature. (code of mix is explained in section 4)

Time after mixing

Mix Viscosity [cP] Temp. [0C] Viscosity [cP] Temp. [0C] Viscosity [cP] Temp. [0C]

A 165.81 22.3 163.17 22.4 163.07 22.3 163.1 0.0

B 156.37 23.5 154.88 23.5 155.10 23.4 155.0 0.1

C 162.59 22.8 159.23 22.8 158.80 22.3 159.0 0.2

D 164.14 22.7 160.87 22.8 161.10 22.2 161.0 0.1

E 156.80 23.7 152.33 23.7 151.80 23.4 152.1 0.3

F 170.14 22.5 167.47 22.4 167.48 22.0 167.5 0.0

G 168.56 23.5 162.22 23.3 160.70 23.2 161.5 0.8

H 163.52 22.4 160.03 22.3 159.93 22.2 160.0 0.0

I 154.23 23.5 151.58 23.5 152.02 23.3 151.8 0.2

J 156.29 23.1 155.01 23.2 154.69 23.2 154.9 0.2

K 165.77 22.7 162.70 22.7 162.71 22.7 162.7 0.0

L 165.13 23.0 161.08 23.0 161.52 22.8 161.3 0.2

Total Avg. 159.1

Std. Dev. 4.6

COV 3%

Viscosity of Corn Syrup + Distilled Water

Avg. 

Viscosity

Std. 

Dev.

10 mins 15 mins 20 mins
12

4 Experimental Design

Twelve units of the SRM, as packaged for sale, were randomly selected for testing. 

Each unit contains two batches of SRM, but only one batch was tested from each selected 

unit. The order of testing for the 12 units (boxes) was randomized (see Table 3). Half of 

the 12 units had been stored in the division storage (F), while the other half were stored in 

the SRM lab inventory (I). Location F was a normal laboratory with no particular 

temperature controls other normal building operation. Location I was in temperature 

controlled environment where all NIST SRMs are kept before shipment to customers. 

Rheological results were analyzed from batches stored in both storage locations to 

observe any difference due to storage location. After analyzing the rheological 

measurements presented in this report, it was concluded that the storage location had no 

effect on the rheological behavior of our materials. This conclusion verified that the data of 

importance to this study, repeatable Bingham behavior, was observed regardless of where 

the SRM units were stored prior to testing with a rheometer. The data analysis showed that

all rheological results were identical within small percentage of error, as described later in 

the statistical analysis section. 

Each mixture (batch) was tested at 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after mixing. Each reported 

value was the average of 3 consecutive tests run back-to-back using a new paste SRM 

sample loaded in the rheometer from the same batch. The rheometer protocol is provided

in Section 2.3.1. Schedule codes were assigned to the box numbers in order to compliment 

the three testing values (1 d, 3 d, 7 d) and complete a testing schedule, as shown in Table 4. 

The testing days labelled with the prefix “M” represent the mixing day for the respective 

mixture and are color coded green. The remaining testing days are prefixed with the 

corresponding schedule code and followed by the age of the mixture being tested. The 

mixure age are also distinguished by the color code shown in Table 4. 

Table 3: Randomized order of testing for 12 selected units (boxes)
13

M T W T F

MG G1 F1 G3 F3

MF

M T W T F

G7 F7 C1 C3

MC

M T W T F

MA C7 A3

A1

M T W T F

MD A7 E1 D3 E3

D1

ME

M T W T F

E7 K1 K3

D7 (8)

MK

M T W T F

MB K7 I1 B3 I3

B1

MI

M T W T F

I7 J1 J3

B7 (8)

MJ

M T W T F

J7 H1 H3

MH L1 L3

ML

M T W T F

H7

3/31/2014 L7

W9

Full Testing Schedule 

Considering Holidays & Snow days

HOLIDAY

W4

2/24/2014

W5

W1

2/3/2014

W2

2/10/2014

W3

SNOW 

DAY

2/17/2014

W7

3/17/2014

Water 

Bath 

Frozen

W8

3/24/2014

3/3/2014

W6

3/10/2014

SNOW 

DAY

Table 4: SRM testing schedule. 

Holidays and days on which testing was not executable were considered.

The testing days labelled with the prefix “M” represent the mixing day for the respective mixture 

as named in Table 1 column 3. Color codes distinguish the age of the mixtures as blue (1 d), 

orange (3 d), yellow (7 d) and green (mixing day). 
14

5 Viscosity curves

As an alternative to fitting experimental data to the Bingham equation, one may 

represent rheological data in terms of a viscosity profile that depicts the viscosity of the 

material vs. shear rate. While the two Bingham parameters describe the onset of flow 

(yields stress) and flow at larger shear rates (plastic viscosity), the viscosity depicted in the 

viscosity curves is the ratio of the shear stress to shear rate for each shear rate tested. The 

plot of the viscosity versus shear rate provides a complete representation of the flow 

behavior. Nonetheless, the raw data used for calculating both the plastic viscosity and 

apparent viscosity are the same. Individual viscosity curves for each mixture tested in this 

section can be found in Appendix C. 

Not only do viscosity curves portray the viscosity of the material in relation to a 

specific shear rate over the entire range of shear rates tested, but, research has shown that 

the viscosity curves of a suspension composed of solid inclusions embedded in a nonNewtonian matrix fluid follow the same form as the original embedding fluid [23, 24]. 

Since SRM 2492 is the first step in developing an SRM for concrete, it’s advantageous to 

use viscosity curves when moving forward towards the development of the mortar and 

concrete SRM. The curves allow us to portray flow behavior in a simple macroscopic 

manner, regardless of the existence of a complex microscopic inter-particle flow [25]. 

When constructing viscosity curves, it is useful to present shear rates using equal 

increments according to a logarithmic scale. Acquiring data in log scale allows the 

viscosity at low shear rates to be illustrated better. Therefore, five of the twelve mixtures 

tested for SRM 2492 re-certification had additional measurements performed using points 

of shear rates in logarithmic intervals instead of linear. Figure 5 shows an example of the 

difference between obtaining data with a log and linear shear rate intervals. Due to the lack 

of data in the low shear rates for a linear scale graph, these data could not be used to fully 

represent viscosity curves as shown by the low shear rates on the blue curve of Figure 5. 

The five trials measured in log-scale showed that our SRM does exhibit reproducible 

flow behavior in the low shear rate regime (red curve in Figure 5). Each mix was tested at 

1 d, 3 d and 7 d, and the respective viscosity curves for each are shown in Figures 6-8. The 

curves shown portray both the data for the steps up and down, as explained in Section 4. 

The average viscosity curve for each day was combined into Figure 9 to portray that there 

is repeatable behavior as the SRM age approaches its shelf life. The individual viscosity

curves recorded at each day (1 d, 3 d, and 7 d) and the data tables for Figures 6-8 can be 

found in Appendix C. 

In conclusion, the flow behavior of SRM 2492 can be described using viscosity

curves, preferably with shear rates measured uniformly on a log-scale. Current research 

shows that viscosity curves for non-Newtonian suspensions have simple scaling laws that 

relate the flow of the suspension to that of the embedding fluid of the suspension. For 

example, the viscosity curves of spherical solid inclusions suspended in a non-Newtonian 

fluid medium can be rescaled to collapse onto the viscosity curve of the fluid medium [25]. 

This is very helpful to proceed forward to the development of mortar and concrete SRMs, 

which are currently under development. 
15

Figure 5: Represents one sample of the mixes using both equal log- and 

linear-scale measurement intervals. The log interval data is able to 

provide more data in the low shear rate region (<1.0 s-1

) than the linearinterval data.

1

10

100

1000

0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Log - Viscosity [Pa∙s]

Log - Shear Rate, Ύ [1/s]

1 Day

Mix B

Mix I

Mix J

Mix H

Mix L

Figure 6: Viscosity curves for five samples of SRM2492 at age = 1 day.
16

1

10

100

1000

0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Log - Viscosity [Pa∙s]

Log - Shear Rate, Ύ [1/s]

7 Days

Mix B

Mix I

Mix J

Mix H

Mix L

Figure 8: Viscosity curves for five samples of SRM2492 at age = 7 

days.

1

10

100

1000

0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Log - Viscosity [Pa∙s]

Log - Shear Rate, Ύ [1/s]

3 Days

Mix B

Mix I

Mix J

Mix H

Mix L

Figure 7: Viscosity curves for five samples of SRM2492 at age = 3 days.
17

6 Statistical Analysis

6.1 Reanalysis of Rheological Quantities for SRM2492

This section summarizes the reanalysis of various rheological quantities for SRM 

2492 under the Bingham model after the mixing procedure for the material was changed to 

improve the consistency of results between laboratories. The data used for this analysis 

was collected using a nested design with measurements made at three different sample 

ages within each of twelve units of the SRM (See Section 4). One sample was prepared for 

each unit, using corn syrup from the single bottle associated with the unit and limestone 

from one of the two single-use bottles of limestone powder associated with the unit. 

With this design a hierarchical linear regression model can be fit to the data to assess 

random variability associated with units and measurements. In addition, the run order of 

the measurements is an implicit factor whose potential effect was addressed by 

randomization of the run order. 

Results derived from the raw data were recorded for two quantities, plastic viscosity 

and yield stress, from tests carried out on the samples at three different ages (1 d, 3 d, and 

7 d). The data are shown in Table A-1 (Appendix A). The full viscosity curves associated 

with these samples are shown in Appendix B. For this analysis, the summary of the 

viscosity curves made assuming the Bingham model was carried out prior to transmission 

of the data to the Statistical Engineering Division for analysis. As a result, no assumption 

checking or validation of the appropriateness of the Bingham model for this data is 

included in the statistical analysis described here.

The first step in the analysis of the data was an exploratory data analysis. In this 

analysis plots of the data were examined for evidence of measurement drift, outliers, factor 

effects, and any other features that might impact further analysis for certification. These 

plots are shown in Figure A-1 through Figure A-8 (in Appendix A) and were made using 

the software package R [17]. While a few potentially outlying points were observed in this 

data, these were not associated with any recognized problems associated with sample 

preparation or measurement, so no data were omitted when doing further analysis. 

Based on the exploratory plots, a hierarchical linear regression model was then fit to 

the data using maximum likelihood as implemented in the R package lme4 [18]. This 

model allowed for random variation between units and measurements but assumed a single 

fixed rate of change, β1 , between each response, denoted generically here as ij y , and age, 

denoted by Aij . The random errors associated with each unit are denoted by δ i and the 

random errors associated with each measurement are denoted by ij ε . The variances 

associated with each source of random error, unit and measurement, are denoted 2 σ U and 2 σ M

, respectively. All random errors are assumed to be mutually independent of one another.

( )

( )

0 1

2

2

, 1, ,12, 1, ,3

~ 0,

~ 0,

ij ij i ij

i U

ij M

yA i j

N

N

β β δε

δ σ

ε σ

= + ++ = = 3 3
18

Residual plots from the fit of the model are shown in Figure A-9 through Figure A14 (Appendix A) and indicate the model fits the data reasonably well. Normal probability 

plots of the residuals suggested some potential for error distributions with lighter tails than 

the normal distribution. To investigate this further a comparison of hierarchical models 

with normal error distributions and p-generalized normal error distributions [19] was made 

using Bayesian methods. However, the results of this comparison indicated that there was 

not enough distributional information in the data to clearly distinguish between these two 

models and the simpler model using normal error distributions was adopted. Output from 

these models is given in Table A-2 and Table A-3 (Appendix A).

Finally, to determine the certified values and their associated uncertainties, the 

hierarchical regression model [20, 21, 22] with normal error distributions was refit using 

Bayesian methods to quantify the contributions to the overall uncertainty from random 

errors associated with units and measurements. A Bayesian analysis [20, 21, 22]was used 

because it makes fitting the hierarchical regression model relatively easy and provides 

uncertainty estimates that have a clear statistical interpretation with no need for 

approximation or use of asymptotic results.

In order to fit the Bayesian model, prior assessments of the values of each parameter 

in the model must be provided. The prior assessment for each parameter is specified as 

probability distribution for the parameter’s unknown value. These distributions are called 

prior distributions because they are specified independently of the data (i.e. before the data 

is observed or used). For this analysis, essentially non-informative prior distributions were 

used. Such distributions are relatively flat and have very large variances so that they will 

not provide any quantitative information on the values of the parameters as part of the 

model. In this case shifted and scaled beta distributions [23] with hyper-parameters α H =1

and β H =1 were used (i.e. shifted and scaled uniform distributions). The ranges and 

locations of the prior distributions for each parameter were set so that they completely 

covered all the parameter values expected. 

Fitting the model with a range of different prior distributions confirmed that the 

results were not sensitive to the parameters chosen for the prior distributions. The check on 

prior sensitivity also was carried out using shifted and scaled beta distributions, but for 

different combinations of the hyper-parameters, with {0.8, 1.2} Hi α ∈ and {0.8, 1.2} Hi β ∈ . 

The same shifting and scaling values used in the original model fit with uniform priors 

were used throughout the prior sensitivity check. The two hyper-parameters used for each 

of the four primary parameters in the model, β0 , β1 , σ U and σ M , were assigned using a 

supersaturated ( ) 2 UE s optimal experiment design [24] to study the combined effects of 

eight factors in four runs. The alternative prior specifications and the associated results 

from the fit of each model are shown in Table A-4 and Table A-5 (Appendix A).

A probability distribution for each measurement, given with respect to the 

parameters in the model, is also specified. In this case the random errors associated with 

each factor were modeled as following a normal distribution. Then, based on the model 

and the observed data, the prior distributions for each parameter are updated using Bayes’ 

Theorem to obtain new distributions for each parameter given the information in the data. 

Finally, these new distributions, called posterior distributions, are used to obtain 

uncertainty intervals about each quantity of interest.
19

The Bayesian model was fit using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation as 

implemented in the software package OpenBUGS [25, 26]. Diagnostic plots (not included 

in this memo) show that the Markov Chains had converged by the 5000th iteration of the 

simulation. Then 5000 additional iterations were run for each of 4 parallel Markov chains 

for model validation and to estimate the parameter values. Box plots and scatter plots (not 

shown here) of the posterior predictive residuals from the model for each data point again 

indicate the models fit the data reasonably well. 

Assuming that the hierarchical model does provide an adequate description of the 

measurement process, proposed certified values for each of the different rheological 

quantities at sample ages of 1 day through 7 days were determined from predictive 

distributions for a randomly selected unit. Use of the predictive distribution was chosen for 

this purpose because it accounts for uncertainty from potential heterogeneity between units 

and thus is more robust than an assessment that assumes under certain conditions that the 

material is homogenous. The proposed certified and reference values with expanded 

uncertainties at the 95% probability level are given in Table 5. The bold values show the 

levels of age where data were collected, while no data were collected at the ages shown in 

regular type. However, the values at all seven age levels were predicted using the same 

linear model fit to the data. It should be noted that these calculation are for shear rates 

above 1 s-1 as shown in Figure 5.

Table 5: Yield Stress and Plastic Viscosity Values from linear shear rate scale 

(certified values are shown in bold type and reference values are shown in regular 

type).

Parameter Age Certified 

Value 

Standard 

Uncertainty 

Coverage 

Factor

Expanded 

Uncertainty 

[days] [Pa] [Pa] k [Pa]

Yield 

Stress

1 25.61 1.69 2.05 3.47

2 25.28 1.70 2.04 3.48

3 24.93 1.69 2.03 3.44

4 24.58 1.67 2.05 3.43

5 24.23 1.68 2.04 3.43

6 23.88 1.73 2.06 3.55

7 23.53 1.73 2.04 3.54

Plastic 

Viscosity

1 7.74 0.74 2.00 1.47

2 7.81 0.75 2.00 1.50

3 7.89 0.74 2.01 1.49

4 7.94 0.74 2.01 1.49

5 8.00 0.74 2.00 1.48

6 8.08 0.74 2.01 1.49

7 8.13 0.74 2.00 1.49
20

6.2 Statistical Analysis of Viscosity curves

6.2.1 Viscosity versus shear rate

This section summarizes the statistical analysis of viscosity curves for SRM 2492 for 

use in further computational analyses of the subsequently planned SRMs in the series 

(mortar and concrete). The data used for this analysis included the data from both 

Appendices B and C. 

With the enlarged set of data based on the results shown in both Appendix B and 

Appendix C, a hierarchical linear regression model in sample age can be fit to the data to 

assess random variability associated with units, mixes prepared from each unit, and 

individual measurements. This is similar to the analysis shown in Section 6.1, except with 

one extra variance component that can now be estimated because the data in Appendix C is 

based on some of the same units as the data shown in Appendix B. Unlike the analysis in 

Section 5.1, however, the analysis in this Section does not assume the Bingham model 

necessarily describes the relationship between shear stress versus shear rate. As a result, 

reduction of the raw shear stress vs. shear rate curves was done as part of the analysis

described here rather than being done prior to the transmission of the data to Statistical 

Engineering Division staff, as in the analysis of Section 5.1.

The reduction from the raw data to the data used to fit the hierarchical regression 

models was carried out by fitting smoothing splines to each shear rate, shear stress curve 

using the software package R [17]. These spline models do not require a functional form to 

be specified and have the flexibility to fit almost any reasonably smooth curve well. The 

spline models were fit by the direction of the change in shear rate for each trace, as well as 

by unit, mix, and age (102 spline fits). The spline models were then used to predict the 

shear stress a consistent set of 38 shear rates over the range of interest. These shear rates 

were chosen so that the change in viscosity would never be more than about 5 Pa∙s 

between points and so that shear rates would never be more than 5 s-1 apart (doing so many 

measurements would not have taken too long). Although there appears to be a small 

systematic hysteresis, the two spline functions fit for each run, one for each direction of 

change in shear rate, were averaged to obtain one curve. This was done since the size of 

this effect was negligible compared to the variation between the curves associated with 

different units and mixes. Similarly, the uncertainties in the spline fits themselves are 

negligible relative to the between-mix and between-unit variability. The random variation 

in the spline fits is part of the variation observed between-measurements, however, so it is 

still implicitly accounted for.

The next step in the analysis of the data was an exploratory data analysis, as done in 

the analysis of Section 5.1, except the analysis was repeated for the data associated with 

each level of shear rate. While a few potentially outlying points were observed in this data, 

as before, these were not associated with any recognized problems associated with sample 

preparation or measurement, so no data were omitted when doing further analyses. 
21

Based on the exploratory plots, a hierarchical linear regression model was then fit to a 

selection of the data sets for different shear rates using maximum likelihood as 

implemented in the R package lme4 [18]. This model allowed for random variation 

between units and measurements but assumed a single fixed rate of change, β1 , between 

each response, denoted generically here as ijk y , and age, denoted by Aijk . The random 

errors associated with each unit are denoted by i δ , the random errors associated with each 

mix within a given unit are denoted by φ( )i j , and the random errors associated with each 

measurement are denoted by ( ) ij k ε . The variances associated with each source of random 

error, unit, mix, and measurement, are denoted 2 σ U , 2 σ Mix , and 2 σ M , respectively. All random 

errors are assumed to be mutually independent of one another.

( )

( )

( )

0 1 () ( )

2

2

( )

2

( )

, 1, ,12, 1, , , =1,2 , 1, ,3

~ 0,

~ 0,

~ 0,

ijk ijk i i j ij k i i

i U

ij k Mix

ij k M

y A i j nn k

N

N

N

β β δφ ε

δ σ

φ σ

ε σ

= + ++ + = = 33 3 =

Residual plots from the fit of the model were similar to those shown in Appendix A,

covering the Bingham model analysis, and indicated the model fits the data reasonably 

well. The analysis of the residuals is a graphical check on the assumptions underlying the 

fit of the model. The residuals look qualitatively similar to the way they would look if the 

model truly fit the data, but they are not perfect.

Finally, to determine the certified values and their associated uncertainties, the 

hierarchical regression model with normal error distributions was refit using Bayesian 

methods, as in the analysis of Section 5.1, to quantify the contributions to the overall 

uncertainty from random errors associated with units, mixes, and measurements. 

Again, as for the analysis in Section 5.1, shifted and scaled beta prior distributions 

with hyper-parameters α H =1and β H =1 were used to fi the Bayesian model. However, the 

ranges and locations of the prior distributions for each parameter were set so that they 

completely covered all practical parameter values that could be possible across all shear 

rates considered.

Fitting the model with a range of different prior distributions confirmed that the 

results were not sensitive to the parameters chosen for the prior distributions. The check on 

prior sensitivity also was carried out using shifted and scaled beta distributions, but for 

different combinations of the hyper-parameters, with {0.8, 1.2} Hi α ∈ and {0.8, 1.2} Hi β ∈ . 

The same shifting and scaling values used in the original model fit with uniform priors 

were used throughout the prior sensitivity check. However, the two hyper-parameters used 

for each of the five primary parameters in the model, β0 , β1 , σ U , σ Mix and σ M , were not 

assigned using a supersaturated ( ) 2 UE s optimal experiment design [24] as illustrated in 

Section 6.1.

A probability distribution for each measurement, given with respect to the parameters 

in the model, is also specified. In this case the random errors associated with each factor 

were modeled as following a normal distribution. Then, based on the model and the 
22

observed data, the prior distributions for each parameter are updated using Bayes’ 

Theorem to obtain new distributions for each parameter given the information in the data. 

Finally, these new distributions, called posterior distributions, are used to obtain 

uncertainty intervals about each quantity of interest.

As before, the Bayesian model was fit using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation as 

implemented in the software package OpenBUGS [25, 26]. Unlike the analysis of Section 

5.1, however, the fits were carried out using the BRugs R package [30] to run OpenBUGS

so that all 38 models could be fit using an R script that automatically looped through the 

data sets. For the fits made in R a single Markov chain was used with a burn-in of 5000 

runs and then 30000 runs to compute the samples used to obtain the results, thinning each 

run by a factor of 100. Diagnostic plots fit directly in OpenBUGS for some of the data sets 

throughout the range of shear rates show that the Markov Chains had converged by the 

5000th iteration of the simulation. Then 5000 additional iterations were run for each of 4 

parallel Markov chains for model validation. Box plots and scatter plots of the posterior 

predictive residuals from the model for each data point again indicate the models fit the 

data reasonably well. 

Assuming that the hierarchical model does provide an adequate description of the 

measurement process at each shear rate, proposed certified values for each of the different 

rheological quantities at sample ages of 1 d through 7 d were determined from predictive 

distributions for a randomly selected unit, as for the analysis of Section 5.1. The proposed 

certified values with expanded uncertainties at the 95 % probability level are given in 

appendix D and in Figure 9.

6.2.2 Bingham parameters from log scale viscosity curves

Using the data developed in Section 6.2.1 and shown in Table D-1 through D-7 

(Appendix D), it is again possible to calculate the Bingham parameters (plastic viscosity 

and yield stress) and they are shown in Table 6. The shear stress, σ, not shown in the 

Figure 9: Average viscosity curves for each day measured from the statistical 

analysis.
23

Tables D-1 to D-7, for each shear rate, γγ̇, was calculated using the viscosity, η, using the 

following relationship:

σ[Pa] = γγ̇[1/s] * η [Pa·s]

The shear stress standard uncertainty, u(σ), was computed from the standard uncertainty of 

the viscosity, u(η)

u(σ) = shear rate * u(η)

The standard and expanded uncertainty of the Bingham parameters was obtained by 

parametric Monte Carlo [31] by generating 10 000 samples of shear stress values for each 

shear rate using a Gaussian distribution with the mean given by the shear stress value and 

the standard deviation given by the corresponding uncertainty. For each of the 10 000 

random samples of the shear stress values, a linear regression produced a slope and 

intercept. The standard deviation of these 10 000 estimates is the standard uncertainty of 

the Bingham parameters. The coverage factors were computed using the 95 % probability 

intervals of the samples.

It is interesting to note that Table 6 uncertainty is lower than shown in Table 5 and that the 

values of plastic viscosity and yield stress are not the identical. The plastic viscosity is 

within the uncertainty of the values of Table 5, while the yield stress is lower. Thus, it can 

be inferred that using a logarithmic scale for the measurements and using both the up and 

down data in the statistical analysis provides a lower uncertainty in the data. 

Both tables will be provided to the SRM certificate. Customers may select the precision 

and type of scale best suited for their tests. Performing more measurements points lengthen 

the total duration of test and thus it might not advisable due to the material tested setting 

time or rheological properties evolution versus time. 
24

Table 6: Yield Stress and Plastic Viscosity Values from logarithmic shear rate scale 

(certified values are shown in bold type and reference values are shown in regular 

type).

Bingham 

Parameter

Age Certified 

Value 

Standard 

Uncertainty 

Coverage 

Factor

Expanded 

Uncertainty 

[days] [Pa] [Pa] k [Pa]

Yield 

Stress

1 17.48 0.52 1.96 1.02

2 17.29 0.51 1.96 1.00

3 17.07 0.51 1.96 1.00

4 16.87 0.51 1.96 1.00

5 16.67 0.52 1.96 1.02

6 16.47 0.52 1.96 1.02

7 16.26 0.52 1.96 1.02

Plastic 

Viscosity

1 8.15 0.32 1.96 0.63

2 8.18 0.32 1.96 0.63

3 8.23 0.32 1.96 0.63

4 8.27 0.32 1.96 0.63

5 8.30 0.32 1.96 0.63

6 8.34 0.33 1.96 0.65

7 8.38 0.33 1.96 0.65
25

7 Summary

A new paste reference material was developed that consists of three components

mixed to form a suspension: water, corn syrup and fine limestone. The uniqueness of this 

material is that similar to cement paste, it is a suspension that is comprised of a fine 

powder in a liquid. The user needs to prepare the mixture according to the proportions 

defined in the certificate, and mix it using ASTM C1738 with the modification for 

introduction of the corn syrup to the blender as described in Section 3.3 of this report (and 

will also be described on the certificate). 

This report provides the development of the certified Bingham values or yield 

stress and plastic viscosity (section 6.1), and the viscosity curves composed of the viscosity 

vs shear rate relationship (section 6.2). In both cases an extensive statistical analysis allows 

the determination of the values with their uncertainty. All the results obtained are provided 

in the appendixes. 

Currently, research on the addition of fine and coarse aggregates to develop SRMs

for characterizing the performance of mortar and concrete rheometers is under way. 
26

8 References

1. Hackley V. A., Ferraris C.F, "The Use of Nomenclature in Dispersion Science and 

Technology", NIST Recommended Practice Guide, SP 960-3, (2001) 

http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/practiceguides/SP960-3.pdf

2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (2012). Certification of SRM2492: 

Bingham Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements. (NIST Special Publication 

260-174). U.S. Department of Commerce.

3. Swindells J.F. , Hardy R.C., Cottington R.L., Precise Measurements with Bingham 

Viscometers and Cannon Master Viscometers, J. of Res. of the National Institute of 

Standards and Technology, 52 #3 (1954) 105-115

4. ISO/TR 3666:1998, “Viscosity of Water,” Technical report. (1998)

5. Ferraris C.F. , Brower L., editors, Comparison of Concrete Rheometers: 

International Tests at MB (Cleveland OH, USA) in May 2003, NISTIR 7154, 

(2004) (http://ciks.cbt.nist.gov/~ferraris/PDF/DraftRheo2003V11.4.pdf)

6. Brower L., Ferraris C.F., Comparison of Concrete Rheometers, Concrete 

International, Vol. 25 #8, (2003) 41-47

7. Ferraris C.F. , Brower L., editors, Comparison of concrete rheometers: 

International tests at LCPC (Nantes, France) in October 2000, NISTIR 6819, 

(2001) (http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build01/PDF/b01074.pdf)

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from the presence of air when zeroing the gap”, J. of Rheology 49# 4 (2005) 919-

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27

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101:2008
A-1

9 Appendices

Appendix A: Statistical analysis for re-certification Bingham calculations 

This Appendix provides all the graphs needed for the interpretation of the results and the 

extraction of the proposed re-certified values. See Table 3 for re-certified values.

Appendix B: Data for re-certification calculations

This Appendix provides all the data obtained from each test that was performed and used 

for the calculations. The results calculated with these data were generated using a NonNewtonian approach. Also included are the graphs needed for interpretation of the results.

Appendix C: Viscosity Curve Data

This Appendix provides the viscosity curves (in Log-scale form) for selected mixes.

The curves portray the viscosity of the material at each shear rate, rather than the plastic 

viscosity found by Bingham approximation.

Appendix D: Viscosity Curve Certified and Reference Values

This Appendix provides the results from statistical analysis of viscosity curves, listed as 

certified and reference values
A-2

Appendix A: 

Statistical analysis for 

re-certification calculations

This Appendix provides all the graphs needed for the interpretation of the results and the 

extraction of the proposed re-certified values. See Table 3 for re-certified values.
A-3

Figure A-1: Yield Stress by unit - Units 1 through 4.
A-4

Figure A-2: Yield Stress by unit - Units 5 through 8.
A-5

Figure A-3: Yield Stress by unit - Units 9 through 12.
A-6

Figure A-4: Yield Stress versus Age with Linear Mixed Model.
A-7

Figure A-5: Plastic Viscosity by Unit - Units 1 through 4.
A-8

Figure A-6: Plastic Viscosity by Unit - Units 5 through 8.
A-9

Figure A-7: Plastic Viscosity by Unit - Units 9 through 12.
A-10

Figure A-8: Plastic Viscosity versus Age with Linear Mixed Model.
A-11

Figure A-9:Residual Yield Stress versus Age.

Figure A-10: Residual Yield Stress versus Unit.
A-12

Figure A-11: Normal Probability Plot of Yield Stress Residuals.

Figure A-12: Residual Plastic Viscosity versus Age.
A-13

Figure A-13: Residual Plastic Viscosity versus Unit.

Figure A-14: Normal Probability Plot of Viscosity Residuals.
A-14

Table A-1: Raw Data for Rheological Quantities in SRM 2492.

Unit Age Yield Stress Plastic 

Viscosity

days [Pa] [Pa·s]

1 1 25.345 8.195

1 3 23.929 8.166

1 7 25.535 9.038

2 1 22.244 6.751

2 3 24.176 7.267

2 7 21.831 6.910

3 1 27.185 7.996

3 3 29.868 8.346

3 7 26.342 9.197

4 1 24.781 7.395

4 3 22.973 7.517

4 7 23.917 7.968

5 1 21.986 7.197

5 3 22.935 7.658

5 7 19.989 7.364

6 1 27.143 8.362

6 3 23.646 8.564

6 7 22.165 8.724

7 1 27.124 8.991

7 3 26.708 9.254

7 7 21.999 8.643

8 1 30.824 8.092

8 3 24.387 7.607

8 7 26.436 8.615

9 1 23.707 6.982

9 3 26.329 7.654

9 7 22.277 7.223

10 1 27.707 7.420

10 3 23.358 7.164

10 7 25.447 7.802

11 1 25.851 7.501

11 3 22.550 7.381

11 7 22.622 7.411

12 1 26.714 8.150

12 3 23.258 7.931

12 7 25.394 8.790
A-15

Table A-2: Output from Fit of Linear Mixed Model for Yield Stress.

Linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood ['lmerMod']

Formula: y ~ age + (1 | unit)

 AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid 

 161.9 168.2 -76.9 153.9 32 

Scaled residuals: 

 Min 1Q Median 3Q Max 

-1.2381 -0.8446 -0.1730 0.7712 2.0832 

Random effects:

Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.

unit Intercept 1.704 1.305 

Residual 3.023 1.739 

Number of obs: 36, groups: unit, 12

Fixed effects:

 Estimate Std. Error t value

Intercept 25.9602 0.6382 40.67

age -0.3476 0.1162 -2.99

Correlation of Fixed Effects:

 Intercept

age -0.667
A-16

Table A-3: Output from Fit of Linear Mixed Model for Plastic Viscosity.

Linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood ['lmerMod']

Formula: y ~ age + (1 | unit)

 AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid 

 55.5 61.9 -23.8 47.5 32 

Scaled residuals: 

 Min 1Q Median 3Q Max 

-1.4169 -0.7249 -0.0577 0.6758 1.6631 

Random effects:

Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.

unit Intercept 0.33392 0.5779 

Residual 0.09787 0.3128 

Number of obs: 36, groups: unit, 12

Fixed effects:

 Estimate Std. Error t value

Intercept 7.68513 0.19084 40.27

age 0.06486 0.02090 3.10

Correlation of Fixed Effects:

 Intercept

age -0.402
A-17

Table A-4: Output from Models for Yield Stress with Different Priors.

Model Parameter Prior

Posterior 

Mean

Posterior 

Standard 

Deviation

1

beta0 10*Beta(1.0,1.0)+20 25.97 0.74

beta1 6*Beta(1.0,1.0)-3 -0.35 0.13

sigma.U 10*Beta(1.0,1.0) 1.46 0.63

sigma.M 10*Beta(1.0,1.0) 1.91 0.31

2

beta0 10*Beta(1.2,1.2)+20 25.94 0.72

beta1 6*Beta(1.2,0.8)-3 -0.34 0.13

sigma.U 10*Beta(0.8,0.8) 1.40 0.64

sigma.M 10*Beta(0.8,1.2) 1.91 0.31

3

beta0 10*Beta(1.2,0.8)+20 26.00 0.73

beta1 6*Beta(0.8,0.8)-3 -0.35 0.13

sigma.U 10*Beta(0.8,1.2) 1.38 0.65

sigma.M 10*Beta(1.2,0.8) 1.94 0.32

4

beta0 10*Beta(0.8,1.2)+20 25.92 0.72

beta1 6*Beta(0.8,1.2)-3 -0.34 0.13

sigma.U 10*Beta(0.8,1.2) 1.39 0.64

sigma.M 10*Beta(0.8,1.2) 1.92 0.32

5

beta0 10*Beta(0.8,0.8)+20 25.97 0.73

beta1 6*Beta(1.2,1.2)-3 -0.35 0.13

sigma.U 10*Beta(0.8,0.8) 1.40 0.66

sigma.M 10*Beta(1.2,0.8) 1.94 0.32
A-18

Table A-5: Output from Models for Plastic Viscosity with Different Priors.

Model Parameter Prior

Posterior 

Mean

Posterior 

Standard 

Deviation

1

beta0 3*Beta(1.0,1.0)+6 7.686 0.230

beta1 6*Beta(1.0,1.0)-3 0.065 0.023

sigma.U 10*Beta(1.0,1.0) 0.684 0.184

sigma.M 10*Beta(1.0,1.0) 0.339 0.055

2

beta0 3*Beta(1.2,1.2)+6 7.684 0.224

beta1 6*Beta(1.2,0.8)-3 0.065 0.023

sigma.U 10*Beta(0.8,0.8) 0.676 0.183

sigma.M 10*Beta(0.8,1.2) 0.339 0.054

3

beta0 3*Beta(1.2,0.8)+6 7.700 0.225

beta1 6*Beta(0.8,0.8)-3 0.064 0.023

sigma.U 10*Beta(0.8,1.2) 0.676 0.185

sigma.M 10*Beta(1.2,0.8) 0.341 0.055

4

beta0 3*Beta(0.8,1.2)+6 7.670 0.227

beta1 6*Beta(0.8,1.2)-3 0.065 0.023

sigma.U 10*Beta(0.8,1.2) 0.675 0.184

sigma.M 10*Beta(0.8,1.2) 0.337 0.054

5

beta0 3*Beta(0.8,0.8)+6 7.687 0.226

beta1 6*Beta(1.2,1.2)-3 0.065 0.023

sigma.U 10*Beta(0.8,0.8) 0.677 0.184

sigma.M 10*Beta(1.2,0.8) 0.341 0.055
B - 1

Appendix B: 

Data for re-certification calculations

This Appendix provides all the data obtained from each test that was performed and used 

for the calculations. The results calculated with these data were generated using a NonNewtonian approach. The viscosity was also calculated as a ratio rather than only a 

Bingham approximation, as described in Section 6. Also included are the graphs needed 

for interpretation of the results.

Legend of the tables

SR = Ύ = Shear Rate

SS = τ = Shear Stress

η = Viscosity

R2 = r2 calculated using a Pearson function to determine the linearity of the data
B - 2

Mix A

NIST Code: SR-85

Run #1 (SR-85A) Run #2 (SR-85B) Run #3 (SR-85C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 19.85 0.07 20.87 0.07 18.74 0.07 19.82 272.21

2.68 48.40 2.68 49.85 2.68 44.25 2.68 47.50 17.74

5.29 78.66 5.29 79.31 5.29 69.55 5.29 75.84 14.34

7.90 104.63 7.90 102.53 7.90 91.06 7.90 99.41 12.58

10.54 129.21 10.54 125.45 10.54 111.51 10.54 122.06 11.58

13.10 154.30 13.10 147.71 13.10 130.74 13.10 144.25 11.01

15.73 177.99 15.73 169.08 15.73 148.49 15.73 165.19 10.50

18.37 201.24 18.37 189.91 18.37 167.01 18.37 186.05 10.13

20.93 224.07 20.93 210.35 20.93 183.75 20.93 206.06 9.85

23.56 245.21 23.56 229.13 23.56 201.50 23.56 225.28 9.56

26.12 267.90 26.12 248.07 26.12 218.04 26.12 244.67 9.37

28.76 288.11 28.76 264.72 28.76 232.41 28.76 261.75 9.10

31.39 308.54 31.39 282.80 31.39 248.02 31.39 279.79 8.91

33.95 328.23 33.95 298.77 33.95 261.61 33.95 296.20 8.72

36.59 344.78 36.59 315.14 36.59 275.78 36.59 311.90 8.53

36.59 354.08 36.59 321.20 36.59 284.40 36.59 319.89 8.74

34.68 337.70 34.68 310.12 34.68 274.43 34.68 307.42 8.86

32.78 316.94 32.78 295.89 32.78 258.81 32.78 290.54 8.86

30.80 301.74 30.80 280.54 30.80 243.48 30.80 275.25 8.94

28.90 290.94 28.90 266.20 28.90 231.34 28.90 262.83 9.09

27.00 271.69 27.00 247.40 27.00 219.55 27.00 246.21 9.12

25.02 253.26 25.02 233.38 25.02 205.23 25.02 230.62 9.22

23.12 237.57 23.12 220.60 23.12 191.12 23.12 216.43 9.36

21.22 220.94 21.22 205.15 21.22 179.85 21.22 201.98 9.52

19.32 205.03 19.32 188.87 19.32 166.33 19.32 186.74 9.67

17.34 188.65 17.34 174.99 17.34 150.70 17.34 171.44 9.89

15.44 171.49 15.44 160.18 15.44 138.25 15.44 156.64 10.15

13.54 153.65 13.54 143.53 13.54 125.66 13.54 140.95 10.41

11.63 136.22 11.63 126.29 11.63 110.52 11.63 124.34 10.69

9.66 118.23 9.66 110.25 9.66 96.17 9.66 108.22 11.20

7.76 99.90 7.76 93.97 7.76 81.85 7.76 91.91 11.85

5.84 80.22 5.84 76.26 5.84 66.45 5.84 74.31 12.73

3.91 59.63 3.91 57.70 3.91 50.55 3.91 55.96 14.30

2.00 36.12 2.00 36.30 2.00 32.18 2.00 34.86 17.45

0.07 13.86 0.07 16.17 0.07 14.95 0.07 14.99 206.00

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 25.9 27.0 23.1 25.3 1.7

Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 9.1 8.2 7.3 8.2 0.7

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 102 165 170 146 31

Table B-1: 1 Day values for Mix A (NIST Code SR-84)
B - 3

Mix A

NIST Code: SR-85

Run #1 (SR-85D) Run #2 (SR-85E) Run #3 (SR-85F) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 18.85 0.07 19.76 0.07 18.38 0.07 19.00 261.28

2.68 47.88 2.68 48.51 2.68 44.13 2.68 46.84 17.49

5.29 78.03 5.29 78.23 5.29 70.34 5.29 75.53 14.28

7.90 102.73 7.90 103.39 7.90 93.07 7.90 99.73 12.62

10.54 126.04 10.54 127.78 10.54 114.20 10.54 122.67 11.64

13.10 147.08 13.10 150.38 13.10 134.92 13.10 144.13 11.00

15.73 168.29 15.73 171.62 15.73 154.17 15.73 164.69 10.47

18.29 191.13 18.37 194.69 18.29 174.50 18.32 186.77 10.20

20.93 209.69 20.93 216.32 20.93 192.04 20.93 206.02 9.84

23.56 229.13 23.56 235.07 23.56 208.93 23.56 224.38 9.52

26.12 248.07 26.12 253.89 26.12 228.17 26.12 243.38 9.32

28.76 264.72 28.76 271.82 28.76 243.67 28.76 260.07 9.04

31.39 284.45 31.39 289.79 31.39 260.51 31.39 278.25 8.86

33.95 299.91 33.95 307.08 33.95 275.29 33.95 294.10 8.66

36.59 310.96 36.59 321.34 36.59 290.60 36.59 307.63 8.41

36.59 331.97 36.59 338.16 36.59 299.96 36.59 323.36 8.84

34.68 311.07 34.68 320.13 34.68 284.58 34.68 305.26 8.80

32.71 290.60 32.71 300.96 32.71 270.41 32.71 287.33 8.78

30.80 277.61 30.80 284.32 30.80 257.24 30.80 273.06 8.86

28.90 264.42 28.90 268.87 28.90 242.99 28.90 258.76 8.95

27.00 245.62 27.00 252.30 27.00 227.68 27.00 241.87 8.96

25.02 231.60 25.02 236.95 25.02 213.52 25.02 227.36 9.09

23.12 218.82 23.12 224.34 23.12 198.12 23.12 213.76 9.25

21.22 203.38 21.22 207.56 21.22 185.18 21.22 198.71 9.36

19.32 188.72 19.32 189.76 19.32 171.67 19.32 183.38 9.49

17.34 172.05 17.34 175.87 17.34 158.97 17.34 168.97 9.74

15.44 157.33 15.44 159.72 15.44 143.95 15.44 153.67 9.95

13.54 141.75 13.54 145.59 13.54 129.81 13.54 139.05 10.27

11.63 124.30 11.63 128.96 11.63 114.73 11.63 122.66 10.54

9.66 108.71 9.66 110.70 9.66 99.62 9.66 106.34 11.01

7.76 92.22 7.76 94.13 7.76 84.38 7.76 90.24 11.64

5.84 74.44 5.84 76.45 5.84 68.58 5.84 73.16 12.53

3.91 56.13 3.91 57.85 3.91 51.94 3.91 55.31 14.13

2.00 34.88 2.00 36.08 2.00 32.68 2.00 34.55 17.30

0.07 14.88 0.07 15.72 0.07 14.62 0.07 15.07 207.94

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 24.3 24.8 22.7 23.9 0.9

Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 8.3 8.5 7.6 8.2 0.4

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 212 205 181 199 13

Table B-2: 3 Day values for Mix A (NIST Code: SR-84)
B - 4

Mix A

NIST Code: SR-85

Run #1(SR-85G) Run #2 (SR-85H) Run #3 (SR-85I) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 20.58 0.07 20.58 0.07 19.33 0.07 20.17 276.81

2.68 51.94 2.68 51.95 2.68 49.02 2.68 50.97 19.03

5.29 83.77 5.29 84.52 5.29 78.76 5.29 82.35 15.57

7.90 111.34 7.90 112.51 7.90 104.34 7.90 109.40 13.84

10.54 138.18 10.54 139.06 10.54 128.81 10.54 135.35 12.85

13.10 163.17 13.10 164.06 13.10 151.26 13.10 159.50 12.18

15.73 186.40 15.73 187.62 15.73 171.74 15.73 181.92 11.56

18.29 209.27 18.37 212.21 18.37 193.49 18.34 204.99 11.18

20.93 231.32 20.93 234.92 20.93 216.32 20.93 227.52 10.87

23.56 252.00 23.56 257.37 23.56 233.86 23.56 247.75 10.52

26.12 270.65 26.12 278.58 26.12 251.38 26.12 266.87 10.22

28.76 289.93 28.76 298.79 28.76 270.93 28.76 286.55 9.96

31.39 310.58 31.39 317.57 31.39 287.25 31.39 305.13 9.72

33.95 327.64 33.95 335.94 33.95 303.23 33.95 322.27 9.49

36.59 348.32 36.59 354.51 36.59 319.57 36.59 340.80 9.32

36.59 363.45 36.59 368.75 36.59 337.27 36.59 356.49 9.74

34.68 341.32 34.68 351.13 34.68 319.24 34.68 337.23 9.72

32.71 324.96 32.78 331.75 32.71 300.07 32.73 318.93 9.74

30.80 308.31 30.80 311.55 30.80 283.43 30.80 301.09 9.77

28.90 289.42 28.90 296.28 28.90 267.98 28.90 284.56 9.85

27.00 271.57 27.00 277.04 27.00 251.41 27.00 266.67 9.88

25.02 255.04 25.02 260.66 25.02 236.06 25.02 250.59 10.01

23.12 241.31 23.12 243.69 23.12 221.49 23.12 235.50 10.19

21.22 223.34 21.22 227.19 21.22 206.04 21.22 218.86 10.31

19.32 205.92 19.32 209.92 19.32 191.39 19.32 202.41 10.48

17.34 189.54 17.34 192.21 17.34 174.72 17.34 185.49 10.70

15.44 172.38 15.44 175.05 15.44 159.99 15.44 169.14 10.96

13.54 154.54 13.54 158.41 13.54 145.63 13.54 152.86 11.29

11.63 137.10 11.63 139.63 11.63 127.14 11.63 134.63 11.57

9.66 119.02 9.66 121.15 9.66 110.40 9.66 116.86 12.10

7.76 100.30 7.76 102.13 7.76 93.95 7.76 98.80 12.74

5.84 81.67 5.84 82.81 5.84 75.89 5.84 80.12 13.72

3.92 60.92 3.91 62.43 3.91 57.30 3.92 60.22 15.37

2.00 37.89 2.00 38.59 2.00 35.80 2.00 37.43 18.74

0.07 16.23 0.07 16.52 0.07 15.53 0.07 16.09 221.77

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 25.8 26.2 24.5 25.5 0.7

Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 9.2 9.4 8.5 9.0 0.4

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 212 213 206 210 3

Table B-3: 7 Day values for Mix A (NIST Code: SR-84)
B - 5

Figure B-1: 1 Day values for Mix A (NIST Code: SR-85)

Figure B-2: 3 Day values for Mix A (NIST Code: SR-85)

Figure B-3: 7 Day values for Mix A (NIST Code: SR-85)
B - 6

Mix B

NIST Code: SR-93

Run #1 (SR-93A) Run #2 (SR-93B) Run #3 (SR-93C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 17.23 0.07 17.63 0.07 16.70 0.07 17.19 235.91

2.68 39.03 2.68 40.42 2.68 36.36 2.68 38.60 14.41

5.29 63.89 5.29 65.80 5.29 57.72 5.29 62.47 11.81

7.90 84.72 7.90 86.49 7.90 75.39 7.90 82.20 10.40

10.54 104.90 10.54 105.54 10.54 92.86 10.54 101.10 9.60

13.10 124.62 13.10 124.43 13.10 110.40 13.10 119.82 9.15

15.73 141.52 15.73 142.32 15.73 127.28 15.73 137.04 8.71

18.37 158.71 18.29 162.89 18.29 143.29 18.32 154.96 8.46

20.93 177.70 20.93 176.78 20.93 158.41 20.93 170.97 8.17

23.56 195.56 23.56 192.57 23.56 172.97 23.56 187.03 7.94

26.12 210.66 26.12 209.30 26.12 188.50 26.12 202.82 7.76

28.76 226.45 28.76 223.79 28.76 201.86 28.76 217.37 7.56

31.39 240.61 31.39 238.07 31.39 214.89 31.39 231.19 7.37

33.95 257.45 33.95 251.77 33.95 229.23 33.95 246.15 7.25

36.59 269.59 36.59 262.74 36.59 242.38 36.59 258.24 7.06

36.59 277.32 36.59 275.55 36.59 250.26 36.59 267.71 7.32

34.68 263.24 34.68 261.46 34.68 237.44 34.68 254.05 7.32

32.71 250.25 32.71 245.83 32.71 223.00 32.71 239.70 7.33

30.80 238.18 30.80 235.03 30.80 213.29 30.80 228.83 7.43

28.90 225.11 28.90 224.22 28.90 201.27 28.90 216.87 7.50

27.00 211.08 27.00 207.97 27.00 189.90 27.00 202.99 7.52

25.02 198.10 25.02 196.31 25.02 180.01 25.02 191.47 7.65

23.12 185.77 23.12 185.77 23.12 166.86 23.12 179.47 7.76

21.22 172.70 21.22 172.70 21.22 156.29 21.22 167.23 7.88

19.32 158.92 19.32 158.92 19.32 145.28 19.32 154.37 7.99

17.34 145.93 17.34 147.40 17.34 133.47 17.34 142.27 8.20

15.44 134.70 15.44 133.53 15.44 123.25 15.44 130.49 8.45

13.54 120.54 13.54 120.46 13.54 110.89 13.54 117.30 8.67

11.63 106.83 11.63 106.53 11.63 97.87 11.63 103.74 8.92

9.66 93.59 9.66 92.93 9.66 85.46 9.66 90.66 9.39

7.76 79.55 7.76 79.07 7.76 72.62 7.76 77.08 9.94

5.84 64.59 5.84 64.35 5.84 59.36 5.84 62.76 10.75

3.91 49.16 3.91 48.79 3.91 45.44 3.91 47.80 12.21

2.00 31.32 2.00 31.06 2.00 29.12 2.00 30.50 15.27

0.07 14.48 0.07 14.11 0.07 13.78 0.07 14.13 195.59

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 22.3 22.6 21.8 22.2 0.3

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.8 0.3

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 131 144 55 110 39

Table B-4: 1 Day values for Mix B (NIST Code: SR-92)
B - 7

Mix B

NIST Code: SR-93

Run #1 (SR-93E) Run #2 (SR-93F) Run #3 (SR-93G) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 16.07 0.07 15.66 0.07 17.69 0.07 16.47 225.57

2.68 38.58 2.68 37.04 2.68 41.99 2.68 39.20 14.64

5.29 65.56 5.29 61.03 5.29 68.23 5.29 64.94 12.28

7.90 87.22 7.90 80.72 7.90 90.80 7.90 86.25 10.91

10.54 107.91 10.54 99.30 10.54 112.40 10.54 106.54 10.11

13.10 128.27 13.10 118.14 13.10 131.37 13.10 125.93 9.61

15.73 147.96 15.73 136.95 15.73 151.51 15.73 145.47 9.25

18.29 168.28 18.37 155.46 18.29 170.92 18.32 164.89 9.00

20.93 186.87 20.93 172.19 20.93 189.25 20.93 182.77 8.73

23.56 205.08 23.56 188.73 23.56 210.14 23.56 201.32 8.54

26.12 224.20 26.12 203.96 26.12 226.39 26.12 218.18 8.35

28.76 240.98 28.76 218.46 28.76 241.89 28.76 233.78 8.13

31.39 257.71 31.39 234.38 31.39 258.73 31.39 250.27 7.97

33.95 275.63 33.95 251.22 33.95 273.51 33.95 266.79 7.86

36.59 292.15 36.59 263.39 36.59 288.83 36.59 281.46 7.69

36.59 292.37 36.59 266.19 36.59 298.19 36.59 285.58 7.81

34.68 278.37 34.68 253.47 34.68 282.80 34.68 271.55 7.83

32.71 268.03 32.71 244.31 32.71 265.99 32.71 259.45 7.93

30.80 254.69 30.80 232.06 30.80 254.09 30.80 246.95 8.02

28.90 239.36 28.90 217.92 28.90 242.10 28.90 233.12 8.07

27.00 227.55 27.00 207.39 27.00 224.57 27.00 219.84 8.14

25.02 215.30 25.02 194.27 25.02 211.73 25.02 207.10 8.28

23.12 199.90 23.12 183.22 23.12 200.07 23.12 194.40 8.41

21.22 186.96 21.22 171.81 21.22 185.81 21.22 181.53 8.55

19.32 173.45 19.32 158.03 19.32 170.78 19.32 167.42 8.67

17.34 159.28 17.34 145.04 17.34 156.61 17.34 153.64 8.86

15.44 146.90 15.44 132.46 15.44 144.24 15.44 141.20 9.15

13.54 132.51 13.54 120.70 13.54 129.85 13.54 127.69 9.43

11.63 116.40 11.63 106.71 11.63 113.53 11.63 112.21 9.65

9.66 101.68 9.66 92.62 9.66 98.72 9.66 97.67 10.11

7.76 86.34 7.76 78.83 7.76 83.88 7.76 83.02 10.70

5.84 70.30 5.84 64.03 5.84 67.88 5.84 67.40 11.54

3.91 53.13 3.91 48.52 3.91 51.34 3.91 50.99 13.03

2.00 33.24 2.00 30.55 2.00 32.47 2.00 32.08 16.06

0.07 14.56 0.07 13.66 0.07 14.61 0.07 14.28 196.23

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 25.9 23.8 22.8 24.2 1.3

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.5 6.8 7.6 7.3 0.3

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 17 46 147 70 56

Table B-5: 3 Day values for Mix B (NIST Code: SR-92)
B - 8

Mix B

NIST Code: SR-93

Run #1 (SR-93I) Run #2 (SR-93J) Run #3(SR-93K) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 17.11 0.07 16.33 0.07 15.17 0.07 16.20 221.82

2.68 40.64 2.68 38.34 2.68 35.62 2.68 38.20 14.26

5.29 66.97 5.29 61.57 5.29 56.86 5.29 61.80 11.68

7.90 89.15 7.90 81.15 7.90 74.95 7.90 81.75 10.34

10.54 110.81 10.54 99.84 10.54 93.67 10.54 101.44 9.63

13.10 131.38 13.10 119.47 13.10 111.37 13.10 120.74 9.22

15.73 150.28 15.73 137.08 15.73 128.60 15.73 138.65 8.81

18.37 170.01 18.37 154.26 18.37 144.15 18.37 156.14 8.50

20.93 187.94 20.93 171.12 20.93 160.89 20.93 173.31 8.28

23.56 205.66 23.56 186.34 23.56 177.45 23.56 189.82 8.06

26.12 222.09 26.12 203.07 26.12 192.81 26.12 205.99 7.89

28.76 239.22 28.76 217.57 28.76 206.01 28.76 220.93 7.68

31.39 257.71 31.39 231.84 31.39 220.40 31.39 236.65 7.54

33.95 273.81 33.95 249.18 33.95 232.79 33.95 251.92 7.42

36.59 287.06 36.59 266.73 36.59 245.92 36.59 266.57 7.29

36.59 297.30 36.59 270.24 36.59 252.91 36.59 273.48 7.48

34.68 281.91 34.68 253.29 34.68 240.12 34.68 258.44 7.45

32.71 267.74 32.71 239.00 32.71 228.31 32.71 245.02 7.49

30.80 252.01 30.80 228.02 30.80 217.34 30.80 232.46 7.55

28.90 236.69 28.90 218.55 28.90 205.46 28.90 220.23 7.62

27.00 224.88 27.00 204.41 27.00 192.70 27.00 207.33 7.68

25.02 210.58 25.02 190.69 25.02 180.90 25.02 194.06 7.75

23.12 198.41 23.12 181.44 23.12 167.75 23.12 182.53 7.89

21.22 185.81 21.22 170.03 21.22 158.99 21.22 171.61 8.09

19.32 170.78 19.32 156.25 19.32 146.61 19.32 157.88 8.17

17.34 156.61 17.34 143.26 17.34 133.47 17.34 144.45 8.33

15.44 142.88 15.44 130.68 15.44 123.39 15.44 132.32 8.57

13.54 129.81 13.54 118.92 13.54 111.26 13.54 120.00 8.86

11.63 114.83 11.63 104.62 11.63 97.95 11.63 105.80 9.09

9.66 99.77 9.66 90.92 9.66 85.14 9.66 91.94 9.52

7.76 84.51 7.76 77.11 7.76 72.27 7.76 77.96 10.05

5.84 68.16 5.84 62.52 5.84 58.69 5.84 63.12 10.81

3.91 51.30 3.91 47.33 3.91 44.52 3.91 47.72 12.19

2.00 31.93 2.00 29.87 2.00 27.94 2.00 29.91 14.98

0.07 13.71 0.07 13.28 0.07 12.42 0.07 13.14 180.63

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 23.1 22.2 20.2 21.8 1.2

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.5 6.8 6.4 6.9 0.5

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 103 97 82 94 9

Table B-6: 7 Day values for Mix B (NIST Code: SR-92)

*Data was taken at 8 days due to snow on day 7. 
B - 9

Figure B-4: 1 Day values for Mix B (NIST Code: SR-93)

Figure B-5: 3 Day values for Mix B (NIST Code: SR-93)

Figure B-6: 7*Day values for Mix B (NIST Code: SR-93)
B - 10

Mix C

NIST Code: SR-83

Run #1 (SR-83A) Run #2 (SR-83B) Run #3 (SR-83C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 21.36 0.07 18.77 0.07 19.88 0.07 20.00 274.11

2.68 48.60 2.68 42.58 2.68 46.80 2.68 45.99 17.17

5.29 77.76 5.29 67.81 5.29 75.30 5.29 73.62 13.92

7.90 102.73 7.90 90.02 7.90 98.95 7.90 97.23 12.30

10.54 126.45 10.54 111.07 10.54 121.98 10.54 119.83 11.37

13.10 149.49 13.10 131.11 13.10 143.53 13.10 141.38 10.79

15.73 170.35 15.73 151.80 15.73 163.98 15.73 162.04 10.30

18.29 191.75 18.29 169.76 18.29 185.50 18.29 182.34 9.97

20.93 213.84 20.93 189.54 20.93 205.24 20.93 202.87 9.69

23.56 233.29 23.56 207.75 23.56 224.68 23.56 221.91 9.42

26.12 252.11 26.12 225.50 26.12 243.62 26.12 240.41 9.20

28.76 270.04 28.76 241.00 28.76 260.27 28.76 257.10 8.94

31.39 289.66 31.39 257.84 31.39 278.35 31.39 275.28 8.77

33.95 310.09 33.95 274.44 33.95 294.32 33.95 292.95 8.63

36.59 325.54 36.59 293.03 36.59 310.72 36.59 309.76 8.47

36.59 333.21 36.59 299.07 36.59 321.71 36.59 318.00 8.69

34.68 316.60 34.68 280.87 34.68 305.03 34.68 300.83 8.67

32.71 301.26 32.71 265.39 32.71 289.68 32.71 285.44 8.73

30.80 286.99 30.80 255.87 30.80 275.42 30.80 272.76 8.85

28.90 269.14 28.90 241.47 28.90 257.56 28.90 256.06 8.86

27.00 251.72 27.00 225.33 27.00 242.37 27.00 239.81 8.88

25.02 239.61 25.02 212.35 25.02 226.88 25.02 226.28 9.04

23.12 226.83 23.12 201.97 23.12 213.60 23.12 214.13 9.26

21.22 211.38 21.22 189.37 21.22 199.82 21.22 200.19 9.43

19.32 196.72 19.32 174.34 19.32 183.53 19.32 184.86 9.57

17.34 180.06 17.34 160.17 17.34 168.18 17.34 169.47 9.77

15.44 165.33 15.44 146.44 15.44 153.31 15.44 155.03 10.04

13.54 149.75 13.54 133.37 13.54 139.05 13.54 140.72 10.40

11.63 133.53 11.63 118.69 11.63 122.53 11.63 124.92 10.74

9.66 116.81 9.66 103.32 9.66 106.32 9.66 108.82 11.27

7.76 99.52 7.76 87.89 7.76 90.44 7.76 92.62 11.94

5.84 81.08 5.84 71.40 5.84 73.16 5.84 75.21 12.88

3.91 61.58 3.91 54.24 3.91 55.50 3.91 57.11 14.59

2.00 38.87 2.00 34.37 2.00 34.98 2.00 36.07 18.06

0.07 17.06 0.07 15.65 0.07 15.85 0.07 16.19 223.02

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 30.6 26.8 24.1 27.2 2.7

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.4 7.5 8.2 8.0 0.4

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 77 57 188 107 58

Table B-7: 1 Day values for Mix C (NIST Code: SR-82)
B - 11

Mix C

NIST Code: SR-83

Run #1 (SR-83D) Run #2 (SR-83E) Run #3 (SR-83F) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 16.97 0.07 19.01 0.07 18.47 0.07 18.15 248.68

2.68 41.69 2.69 47.09 2.68 46.90 2.68 45.23 16.87

5.29 66.89 5.29 76.28 5.29 76.28 5.29 73.15 13.83

7.90 89.08 7.90 101.52 7.90 100.62 7.90 97.07 12.28

10.54 110.73 10.54 126.55 10.54 124.82 10.54 120.70 11.46

13.10 131.38 13.10 151.01 13.10 147.72 13.10 143.37 10.95

15.73 151.38 15.73 174.56 15.73 169.34 15.73 165.09 10.49

18.29 173.03 18.29 198.89 18.29 192.05 18.29 187.99 10.28

20.93 191.47 20.93 219.48 20.93 212.95 20.93 207.97 9.94

23.56 213.43 23.56 244.04 23.56 233.61 23.56 230.36 9.78

26.12 233.71 26.12 266.59 26.12 253.75 26.12 251.35 9.62

28.76 248.70 28.76 288.11 28.76 271.53 28.76 269.44 9.37

31.39 268.43 31.39 306.76 31.39 292.49 31.39 289.23 9.21

33.95 287.53 33.95 328.26 33.95 310.98 33.95 308.92 9.10

36.59 305.21 36.59 348.11 36.59 326.42 36.59 326.58 8.93

36.59 307.92 36.59 342.46 36.59 339.93 36.59 330.10 9.02

34.68 293.91 34.68 330.13 34.68 319.09 34.68 314.37 9.06

32.78 275.73 32.71 319.93 32.71 301.26 32.73 298.97 9.13

30.80 262.89 30.80 304.39 30.80 286.99 30.80 284.76 9.24

28.90 249.49 28.90 286.68 28.90 271.54 28.90 269.24 9.32

27.00 235.56 27.00 270.10 27.00 254.97 27.00 253.54 9.39

25.02 221.27 25.02 254.76 25.02 239.62 25.02 238.55 9.53

23.12 209.08 23.12 242.13 23.12 225.05 23.12 225.42 9.75

21.22 198.30 21.22 227.17 21.22 209.60 21.22 211.69 9.98

19.32 181.90 19.32 209.62 19.32 194.95 19.32 195.49 10.12

17.34 167.86 17.34 194.56 17.34 179.75 17.34 180.72 10.42

15.44 155.55 15.44 178.60 15.44 163.73 15.44 165.96 10.75

13.54 138.77 13.54 160.76 13.54 147.08 13.54 148.87 11.00

11.63 122.66 11.63 143.32 11.63 130.87 11.63 132.28 11.37

9.66 107.56 9.66 125.85 9.66 114.42 9.66 115.94 12.00

7.76 91.24 7.76 107.11 7.76 96.67 7.76 98.34 12.68

5.84 73.99 5.84 86.93 5.84 78.05 5.84 79.66 13.64

3.91 55.74 3.91 65.59 3.91 58.77 3.91 60.03 15.34

2.00 34.62 2.00 40.81 2.00 36.63 2.00 37.35 18.70

0.07 14.61 0.07 16.60 0.07 15.65 0.07 15.62 215.16

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 27.9 34.9 26.8 29.9 3.6

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.7 8.8 8.5 8.3 0.4

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 42 89 95 75 23

Table B-8: 3 Day values for Mix C (NIST Code: SR-82)
B - 12

Mix C

NIST Code: SR-83

Run #1 (SR-83G) Run #2 (SR-83H) Run #3 (SR-83I) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 18.71 0.07 19.35 0.07 17.81 0.07 18.63 255.14

2.68 48.99 2.68 49.69 2.68 45.92 2.68 48.20 18.00

5.29 80.48 5.29 81.34 5.29 76.33 5.29 79.38 15.01

7.90 108.15 7.90 108.13 7.90 101.30 7.90 105.86 13.40

10.54 134.27 10.54 133.89 10.54 126.38 10.54 131.51 12.48

13.10 159.63 13.10 159.63 13.10 149.23 13.10 156.16 11.92

15.73 184.37 15.73 184.37 15.73 172.92 15.73 180.55 11.48

18.29 210.80 18.29 209.88 18.29 195.91 18.29 205.53 11.24

20.93 233.85 20.93 230.59 20.93 216.66 20.93 227.04 10.85

23.56 258.30 23.56 255.02 23.56 238.67 23.56 250.66 10.64

26.12 279.32 26.12 277.55 26.12 258.67 26.12 271.85 10.41

28.76 299.39 28.76 297.61 28.76 277.74 28.76 291.58 10.14

31.39 321.17 31.39 319.39 31.39 296.94 31.39 312.50 9.96

33.95 342.54 33.95 337.12 33.95 315.43 33.95 331.70 9.77

36.59 365.58 36.59 353.62 36.59 330.84 36.59 350.02 9.57

36.59 371.41 36.59 368.75 36.59 344.35 36.59 361.50 9.88

34.68 349.34 34.68 346.66 34.68 326.37 34.68 340.79 9.83

32.71 332.97 32.71 330.30 32.71 309.84 32.71 324.37 9.92

30.80 313.77 30.80 313.65 30.80 291.92 30.80 306.45 9.95

28.90 298.61 28.90 297.17 28.90 276.63 28.90 290.80 10.06

27.00 281.49 27.00 277.93 27.00 258.66 27.00 272.69 10.10

25.02 265.11 25.02 261.55 25.02 243.46 25.02 256.71 10.26

23.12 250.09 23.12 244.58 23.12 229.56 23.12 241.41 10.44

21.22 230.46 21.22 228.08 21.22 212.93 21.22 223.82 10.55

19.32 213.03 19.32 210.81 19.32 195.39 19.32 206.41 10.69

17.34 198.12 17.34 193.09 17.34 178.86 17.34 190.03 10.96

15.44 181.03 15.44 175.94 15.44 162.84 15.44 173.27 11.22

13.54 162.00 13.54 159.30 13.54 147.40 13.54 156.23 11.54

11.63 143.34 11.63 140.52 11.63 129.85 11.63 137.90 11.85

9.66 123.63 9.66 122.30 9.66 112.11 9.66 119.35 12.36

7.76 104.54 7.76 103.27 7.76 95.07 7.76 100.96 13.02

5.84 84.59 5.84 83.21 5.84 76.81 5.84 81.54 13.96

3.91 63.06 3.91 62.58 3.91 57.62 3.91 61.08 15.60

2.00 38.03 2.00 38.67 2.00 35.69 2.00 37.47 18.76

0.07 14.45 0.07 16.17 0.07 15.09 0.07 15.24 209.61

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 28.0 27.1 23.9 26.3 1.8

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 9.4 9.4 8.8 9.2 0.3

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 90 115 137 114 19

Table B-9: 7 Day values for Mix C (NIST Code: SR-82)
B - 13

Figure B-7: 1 Day values for Mix C (NIST Code: SR-83)

Figure B-8: 3 Day values for Mix C (NIST Code: SR-83)

Figure B-9: 7 Day values for Mix C (NIST Code: SR-83)
B - 14

Mix D

NIST Code: SR-87

Run #1 (SR-87A) Run #2 (SR-87B) Run #3 (SR-87C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 19.12 0.07 18.69 0.07 18.49 0.07 18.77 257.77

2.68 42.51 2.68 42.92 2.68 42.38 2.68 42.60 15.91

5.29 67.87 5.29 68.80 5.29 70.01 5.29 68.89 13.02

7.90 89.12 7.90 90.18 7.90 91.12 7.90 90.14 11.41

10.54 109.09 10.54 111.10 10.54 112.06 10.54 110.75 10.51

13.10 129.41 13.10 132.26 13.10 133.77 13.10 131.82 10.06

15.73 146.72 15.73 150.41 15.73 153.98 15.73 150.37 9.56

18.37 166.15 18.37 168.81 18.37 171.76 18.37 168.90 9.20

20.93 185.27 20.93 187.94 20.93 189.45 20.93 187.55 8.96

23.56 202.99 23.56 205.66 23.56 208.61 23.56 205.75 8.73

26.12 218.04 26.12 223.45 26.12 222.24 26.12 221.25 8.47

28.76 232.41 28.76 240.38 28.76 241.00 28.76 237.93 8.27

31.39 248.02 31.39 255.77 31.39 259.49 31.39 254.43 8.11

33.95 263.43 33.95 273.81 33.95 275.59 33.95 270.94 7.98

36.59 280.87 36.59 287.06 36.59 288.83 36.59 285.58 7.81

36.59 284.40 36.59 297.30 36.59 293.25 36.59 291.65 7.97

34.68 270.36 34.68 279.08 34.68 279.26 34.68 276.24 7.96

32.71 257.38 32.71 266.25 32.71 268.92 32.71 264.19 8.08

30.80 245.30 30.80 252.90 30.80 258.13 30.80 252.11 8.18

28.90 234.65 28.90 239.98 28.90 243.88 28.90 239.50 8.29

27.00 217.01 27.00 226.79 27.00 226.35 27.00 223.38 8.27

25.02 205.48 25.02 210.58 25.02 213.51 25.02 209.85 8.39

23.12 193.67 23.12 198.41 23.12 201.85 23.12 197.98 8.56

21.22 178.93 21.22 185.81 21.22 185.79 21.22 183.51 8.65

19.32 166.78 19.32 170.78 19.32 172.11 19.32 169.89 8.79

17.34 153.94 17.34 156.61 17.34 160.75 17.34 157.10 9.06

15.44 140.22 15.44 142.88 15.44 145.73 15.44 142.94 9.26

13.54 125.94 13.54 129.81 13.54 131.59 13.54 129.12 9.54

11.63 111.47 11.63 114.00 11.63 116.61 11.63 114.03 9.80

9.66 97.68 9.66 99.80 9.66 101.54 9.66 99.67 10.32

7.76 83.17 7.76 85.08 7.76 86.21 7.76 84.82 10.94

5.84 67.72 5.84 69.09 5.84 69.51 5.84 68.77 11.78

3.91 51.43 3.91 52.45 3.91 54.03 3.91 52.64 13.45

2.00 32.92 2.00 33.45 2.00 33.80 2.00 33.39 16.72

0.07 15.42 0.07 15.44 0.07 15.46 0.07 15.44 212.50

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 24.7 24.1 25.6 24.8 0.6

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.4 0.1

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 136 109 98 114 16

Table B-10: 1 Day values for Mix D (NIST Code: SR-86)
B - 15

Mix D

NIST Code: SR-87

Run #1 (SR-87D) Run #2 (SR-87E) Run #3 (SR-87F) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 18.14 0.07 18.05 0.07 17.51 0.07 17.90 245.74

2.68 42.42 2.68 42.33 2.68 42.11 2.68 42.29 15.79

5.29 68.76 5.29 68.60 5.29 67.91 5.29 68.42 12.93

7.90 90.91 7.90 90.07 7.90 89.08 7.90 90.02 11.39

10.54 112.10 10.54 111.32 10.54 109.47 10.54 110.96 10.53

13.10 131.37 13.10 132.26 13.10 129.23 13.10 130.96 10.00

15.73 151.51 15.73 151.51 15.73 146.72 15.73 149.91 9.53

18.29 170.92 18.29 170.92 18.37 166.15 18.32 169.33 9.24

20.93 188.21 20.93 189.25 20.93 184.20 20.93 187.22 8.95

23.56 207.75 23.56 211.34 23.56 201.81 23.56 206.97 8.78

26.12 225.50 26.12 228.92 26.12 221.05 26.12 225.16 8.62

28.76 239.50 28.76 244.26 28.76 235.06 28.76 239.61 8.33

31.39 256.66 31.39 262.46 31.39 250.56 31.39 256.56 8.17

33.95 272.88 33.95 275.29 33.95 265.46 33.95 271.21 7.99

36.59 282.86 36.59 290.60 36.59 277.55 36.59 283.67 7.75

36.59 297.30 36.59 307.56 36.59 286.17 36.59 297.01 8.12

34.68 281.91 34.68 286.47 34.68 274.97 34.68 281.12 8.11

32.71 267.74 32.78 269.82 32.71 260.64 32.73 266.07 8.13

30.80 252.01 30.80 258.01 30.80 246.19 30.80 252.07 8.18

28.90 239.09 28.90 242.36 28.90 235.54 28.90 239.00 8.27

27.00 225.90 27.00 228.44 27.00 220.12 27.00 224.82 8.33

25.02 209.69 25.02 216.19 25.02 205.22 25.02 210.37 8.41

23.12 197.52 23.12 202.74 23.12 194.85 23.12 198.37 8.58

21.22 184.92 21.22 188.48 21.22 180.45 21.22 184.62 8.70

19.32 169.89 19.32 173.45 19.32 166.78 19.32 170.04 8.80

17.34 155.72 17.34 159.28 17.34 153.94 17.34 156.31 9.01

15.44 143.35 15.44 146.90 15.44 140.22 15.44 143.49 9.29

13.54 127.76 13.54 132.51 13.54 125.94 13.54 128.74 9.51

11.63 113.61 11.63 116.71 11.63 111.89 11.63 114.07 9.80

9.66 98.59 9.66 101.60 9.66 97.75 9.66 99.31 10.28

7.76 83.13 7.76 86.15 7.76 82.88 7.76 84.06 10.84

5.84 67.27 5.84 69.81 5.84 67.08 5.84 68.05 11.65

3.91 50.52 3.91 52.89 3.91 50.82 3.91 51.41 13.13

2.00 31.11 2.00 33.30 2.00 32.10 2.00 32.17 16.10

0.07 13.15 0.07 14.73 0.07 14.34 0.07 14.07 193.70

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 21.8 23.7 23.4 23.0 0.9

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.6 7.7 7.3 7.5 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 152 78 123 118 30

Table B-11: 3 Day values for Mix D (NIST Code: SR-86)
B - 16

Mix D

NIST Code: SR-87

Run #1 (SR-87G) Run #2 (SR-87H) Run #3 (SR-87I) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 16.61 0.07 16.73 0.07 17.81 0.07 17.05 233.89

2.68 41.50 2.68 40.03 2.68 43.15 2.68 41.56 15.52

5.29 68.91 5.29 67.86 5.29 71.56 5.29 69.44 13.13

7.90 91.93 7.90 90.04 7.90 94.58 7.90 92.18 11.66

10.54 114.38 10.54 111.92 10.54 116.71 10.54 114.34 10.85

13.10 136.44 13.10 132.89 13.10 137.32 13.10 135.55 10.35

15.73 157.26 15.73 154.21 15.73 159.41 15.73 156.96 9.98

18.37 180.46 18.29 175.72 18.29 182.25 18.32 179.48 9.80

20.93 199.69 20.93 194.42 20.93 200.80 20.93 198.30 9.48

23.56 218.46 23.56 212.51 23.56 220.24 23.56 217.07 9.21

26.12 240.12 26.12 232.95 26.12 239.18 26.12 237.42 9.09

28.76 260.84 28.76 248.10 28.76 254.33 28.76 254.42 8.85

31.39 278.39 31.39 264.83 31.39 272.71 31.39 271.98 8.66

33.95 295.54 33.95 282.75 33.95 290.13 33.95 289.47 8.53

36.59 313.16 36.59 299.22 36.59 301.22 36.59 304.53 8.32

36.59 315.00 36.59 305.26 36.59 316.40 36.59 312.22 8.53

34.68 302.54 34.68 289.92 34.68 298.24 34.68 296.90 8.56

32.71 287.04 32.71 275.76 32.78 282.86 32.73 281.89 8.61

30.80 274.05 30.80 262.58 30.80 267.36 30.80 268.00 8.70

28.90 258.45 28.90 248.33 28.90 254.30 28.90 253.69 8.78

27.00 243.26 27.00 233.03 27.00 237.60 27.00 237.96 8.81

25.02 229.83 25.02 218.86 25.02 221.53 25.02 223.41 8.93

23.12 213.31 23.12 205.41 23.12 210.04 23.12 209.59 9.06

21.22 201.00 21.22 191.15 21.22 196.26 21.22 196.14 9.24

19.32 184.85 19.32 176.12 19.32 178.34 19.32 179.77 9.31

17.34 168.18 17.34 163.42 17.34 164.30 17.34 165.30 9.53

15.44 154.66 15.44 149.75 15.44 150.64 15.44 151.69 9.82

13.54 139.09 13.54 134.29 13.54 135.18 13.54 136.19 10.06

11.63 121.74 11.63 118.59 11.63 120.00 11.63 120.11 10.32

9.66 105.58 9.66 103.70 9.66 104.45 9.66 104.58 10.83

7.76 89.38 7.76 87.82 7.76 88.41 7.76 88.54 11.42

5.84 72.37 5.84 71.43 5.84 71.64 5.84 71.81 12.30

3.91 54.08 3.91 53.85 3.91 54.17 3.91 54.03 13.80

2.00 33.20 2.00 33.36 2.00 33.94 2.00 33.50 16.77

0.07 13.40 0.07 14.03 0.07 14.76 0.07 14.06 193.23

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 23.8 24.6 23.3 23.9 0.5

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.1 7.8 8.0 8.0 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 50 66 154 90 45

Table B-12: 7 Day values for Mix D (NIST Code: SR-86)

*Data was taken at 8 days due to snow on day 7. 
B - 17

Figure B-10: 1 Day values for Mix D (NIST Code: SR-87)

Figure B-11: 3 Day values for Mix D (NIST Code: SR-87)

Figure B-12: 7* Day values for Mix D (NIST Code: SR-87)
B - 18

Mix E

NIST Code: SR-89

Run #1 (SR-89A) Run #2 (SR-89B) Run #3 (SR-89C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 17.62 0.07 16.50 0.07 17.75 0.07 17.29 236.84

2.68 42.64 2.68 38.07 2.68 41.33 2.68 40.68 15.19

5.29 69.18 5.29 60.02 5.29 67.05 5.29 65.42 12.37

7.90 90.79 7.90 79.51 7.90 88.37 7.90 86.22 10.91

10.54 112.03 10.54 97.75 10.54 108.43 10.54 106.07 10.07

13.10 132.00 13.10 114.94 13.10 128.35 13.10 125.09 9.55

15.73 153.45 15.73 131.74 15.73 146.59 15.73 143.92 9.15

18.29 172.73 18.37 147.71 18.37 166.43 18.34 162.29 8.85

20.93 192.36 20.93 164.44 20.93 183.04 20.93 179.95 8.60

23.56 213.12 23.56 179.80 23.56 202.10 23.56 198.34 8.42

26.12 230.70 26.12 193.84 26.12 218.53 26.12 214.35 8.21

28.76 246.04 28.76 208.68 28.76 234.17 28.76 229.63 7.99

31.39 265.89 31.39 223.07 31.39 248.02 31.39 245.66 7.83

33.95 281.86 33.95 235.46 33.95 261.61 33.95 259.64 7.65

36.59 298.34 36.59 248.58 36.59 275.78 36.59 274.23 7.50

36.59 310.21 36.59 255.57 36.59 290.23 36.59 285.34 7.80

34.68 292.01 34.68 242.79 34.68 271.96 34.68 268.92 7.75

32.78 273.95 32.71 230.98 32.71 259.14 32.73 254.69 7.78

30.80 257.29 30.80 220.01 30.80 245.78 30.80 241.03 7.82

28.90 245.32 28.90 208.13 28.90 230.45 28.90 227.97 7.89

27.00 232.14 27.00 195.38 27.00 216.43 27.00 214.65 7.95

25.02 217.97 25.02 183.57 25.02 205.50 25.02 202.35 8.09

23.12 206.48 23.12 174.32 23.12 191.89 23.12 190.90 8.26

21.22 190.89 21.22 161.11 21.22 177.15 21.22 176.38 8.31

19.32 174.34 19.32 147.06 19.32 165.00 19.32 162.13 8.39

17.34 161.64 17.34 136.72 17.34 152.16 17.34 150.17 8.66

15.44 147.97 15.44 124.00 15.44 138.44 15.44 136.80 8.86

13.54 132.51 13.54 112.35 13.54 124.05 13.54 122.97 9.08

11.63 117.02 11.63 99.49 11.63 109.92 11.63 108.81 9.35

9.66 101.61 9.66 86.97 9.66 95.76 9.66 94.78 9.81

7.76 85.92 7.76 74.19 7.76 81.24 7.76 80.45 10.37

5.84 69.57 5.84 60.23 5.84 65.98 5.84 65.26 11.18

3.91 52.34 3.91 45.69 3.91 50.15 3.91 49.39 12.62

2.00 32.47 2.00 29.13 2.00 31.68 2.00 31.09 15.57

0.07 13.73 0.07 13.26 0.07 14.32 0.07 13.77 188.82

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 22.7 21.3 22.0 22.0 0.6

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.8 6.5 7.3 7.2 0.5

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 99 111 145 118 20

Table B-13: 1 Day values for Mix E (NIST Code: SR-88)
B - 19

Mix E

NIST Code: SR-89

Run #1 (SR-89D) Run #2 (SR-89E) Run #3 (SR-89F) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 17.03 0.07 16.87 0.07 16.87 0.07 16.93 232.17

2.68 40.98 2.68 41.53 2.68 41.44 2.68 41.32 15.43

5.29 67.74 5.29 67.89 5.29 68.42 5.29 68.02 12.86

7.90 89.42 7.90 90.54 7.90 90.53 7.90 90.16 11.41

10.54 110.36 10.54 111.39 10.54 111.25 10.54 111.00 10.53

13.10 131.38 13.10 132.26 13.10 132.26 13.10 131.97 10.08

15.73 149.52 15.73 151.17 15.73 151.17 15.73 150.62 9.57

18.37 168.83 18.37 171.81 18.37 170.90 18.37 170.51 9.28

20.93 189.28 20.93 192.12 20.93 189.89 20.93 190.43 9.10

23.56 208.06 23.56 209.29 23.56 208.94 23.56 208.76 8.86

26.12 228.51 26.20 226.08 26.12 225.23 26.15 226.61 8.67

28.76 243.65 28.76 245.32 28.76 243.65 28.76 244.21 8.49

31.39 260.38 31.39 261.27 31.39 260.38 31.39 260.68 8.30

33.95 276.48 33.95 277.37 33.95 276.48 33.95 276.78 8.15

36.59 289.71 36.59 290.60 36.59 289.71 36.59 290.01 7.93

36.59 300.84 36.59 300.84 36.59 300.84 36.59 300.84 8.22

34.68 285.47 34.68 285.47 34.68 288.30 34.68 286.41 8.26

32.71 271.30 32.71 271.30 32.71 270.14 32.71 270.92 8.28

30.80 255.58 30.80 255.58 30.80 255.87 30.80 255.68 8.30

28.90 242.65 28.90 242.65 28.90 243.88 28.90 243.06 8.41

27.00 229.47 27.00 229.47 27.00 228.58 27.00 229.17 8.49

25.02 215.30 25.02 213.25 25.02 214.41 25.02 214.32 8.56

23.12 201.85 23.12 203.04 23.12 199.01 23.12 201.30 8.71

21.22 187.59 21.22 187.31 21.22 186.07 21.22 186.99 8.81

19.32 172.56 19.32 173.75 19.32 174.20 19.32 173.50 8.98

17.34 159.86 17.34 159.59 17.34 158.70 17.34 159.39 9.19

15.44 146.20 15.44 146.01 15.44 143.77 15.44 145.33 9.41

13.54 129.54 13.54 131.63 13.54 130.70 13.54 130.62 9.65

11.63 115.90 11.63 115.41 11.63 115.82 11.63 115.71 9.95

9.66 100.50 9.66 100.73 9.66 100.71 9.66 100.65 10.42

7.76 84.63 7.76 85.66 7.76 85.19 7.76 85.16 10.98

5.84 68.28 5.84 69.42 5.84 68.92 5.84 68.88 11.80

3.91 51.23 3.91 52.43 3.91 52.09 3.91 51.92 13.26

2.00 31.30 2.00 32.73 2.00 32.74 2.00 32.26 16.15

0.07 12.36 0.07 13.92 0.07 14.36 0.07 13.55 186.61

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 22.3 23.5 22.9 22.9 0.5

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 0.0

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 76 97 89 87 9

Table B-14: 3 Day values for Mix E (NIST Code: SR-88)
B - 20

Mix E

NSIT Code: SR-89

Run #1(SR-89G) Run #2 (SR-89H) Run #3 (SR-89I) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 15.08 0.07 15.10 0.07 14.80 0.07 14.99 205.29

2.68 38.13 2.68 38.86 2.68 37.78 2.68 38.25 14.28

5.29 63.52 5.29 64.43 5.29 63.94 5.29 63.96 12.09

7.90 84.16 7.90 86.22 7.90 85.09 7.90 85.15 10.78

10.54 105.27 10.54 107.03 10.54 105.44 10.54 105.91 10.05

13.10 124.80 13.10 127.38 13.10 124.89 13.10 125.69 9.60

15.73 142.28 15.73 146.73 15.73 145.30 15.73 144.77 9.20

18.37 161.70 18.37 165.54 18.29 164.70 18.34 163.98 8.94

20.93 180.82 20.93 182.15 20.93 180.94 20.93 181.30 8.66

23.56 198.55 23.56 201.21 23.56 199.14 23.56 199.63 8.47

26.12 214.97 26.12 217.64 26.12 218.38 26.12 217.00 8.31

28.76 230.61 28.76 233.28 28.76 232.39 28.76 232.09 8.07

31.39 246.11 31.39 248.78 31.39 249.54 31.39 248.14 7.91

33.95 262.83 33.95 263.68 33.95 265.76 33.95 264.09 7.78

36.59 278.21 36.59 275.78 36.59 275.78 36.59 276.59 7.56

36.59 282.63 36.59 290.23 36.59 296.97 36.59 289.94 7.93

34.68 271.41 34.68 274.78 34.68 274.43 34.68 273.54 7.89

32.71 257.08 32.71 260.62 32.71 256.49 32.71 258.06 7.89

30.80 242.63 30.80 244.89 30.80 246.98 30.80 244.83 7.95

28.90 231.98 28.90 229.56 28.90 232.56 28.90 231.37 8.01

27.00 216.55 27.00 217.77 27.00 218.66 27.00 217.66 8.06

25.02 203.72 25.02 203.45 25.02 204.34 25.02 203.84 8.15

23.12 190.11 23.12 191.29 23.12 192.18 23.12 191.19 8.27

21.22 175.37 21.22 176.89 21.22 177.78 21.22 176.68 8.33

19.32 163.22 19.32 163.22 19.32 164.11 19.32 163.52 8.47

17.34 150.38 17.34 150.38 17.34 151.27 17.34 150.68 8.69

15.44 136.66 15.44 136.66 15.44 137.55 15.44 136.96 8.87

13.54 122.27 13.54 122.51 13.54 123.40 13.54 122.73 9.07

11.63 108.14 11.63 108.01 11.63 109.00 11.63 108.39 9.32

9.66 93.99 9.66 93.93 9.66 94.87 9.66 94.26 9.76

7.76 79.47 7.76 79.35 7.76 80.25 7.76 79.69 10.27

5.84 64.21 5.84 64.04 5.84 64.69 5.84 64.32 11.01

3.91 48.31 3.91 48.14 3.91 48.64 3.91 48.36 12.35

2.00 30.09 2.00 29.92 2.00 30.28 2.00 30.10 15.07

0.07 12.85 0.07 12.67 0.07 12.95 0.07 12.82 176.10

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 20.7 19.5 19.8 20.0 0.5

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 0.1

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 101 148 94 114 24

Table B-15: 7 Day values for Mix E (NIST Code: SR-88)
B - 21

Figure B-13: 1 Day values for Mix E (NIST Code: SR-89)

Figure B-14: 3 Day values for Mix E (NIST Code: SR-89)

Figure B-15: 7 Day values for Mix E (NIST Code: SR-89)
B - 22

Mix F

NIST Code: SR-81

Run #1 (SR-81A) Run #2 (SR-81B) Run #3 (SR-81C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 19.40 0.07 18.94 0.07 18.82 0.07 19.05 260.95

2.68 48.17 2.68 47.63 2.69 46.70 2.68 47.50 17.72

5.29 77.58 5.29 76.65 5.29 75.26 5.29 76.50 14.46

7.90 103.58 7.90 101.57 7.90 99.18 7.90 101.44 12.84

10.54 127.93 10.54 125.86 10.54 121.91 10.54 125.23 11.89

13.10 151.00 13.10 149.23 13.10 144.16 13.10 148.13 11.31

15.73 173.17 15.73 171.00 15.73 164.77 15.73 169.64 10.78

18.29 193.53 18.37 191.71 18.37 184.28 18.34 189.84 10.35

20.93 216.66 20.93 214.55 20.93 206.98 20.93 212.73 10.17

23.56 237.46 23.56 234.50 23.56 227.07 23.56 233.01 9.89

26.12 256.15 26.12 254.64 26.12 244.51 26.12 251.77 9.64

28.76 275.36 28.76 272.42 28.76 259.66 28.76 269.15 9.36

31.39 293.22 31.39 290.08 31.39 274.75 31.39 286.02 9.11

33.95 311.82 33.95 305.94 33.95 291.36 33.95 303.04 8.93

36.59 324.00 36.59 325.54 36.59 309.84 36.59 319.79 8.74

36.59 335.86 36.59 332.32 36.59 315.89 36.59 328.02 8.97

34.68 319.27 34.68 315.71 34.68 303.43 34.68 312.80 9.02

32.71 303.93 32.71 300.37 32.71 287.93 32.71 297.41 9.09

30.80 289.66 30.80 286.10 30.80 274.94 30.80 283.57 9.21

28.90 274.22 28.90 268.25 28.90 259.34 28.90 267.27 9.25

27.00 259.87 27.00 255.28 27.00 244.15 27.00 253.10 9.37

25.02 243.19 25.02 240.52 25.02 228.67 25.02 237.46 9.49

23.12 226.83 23.12 224.16 23.12 215.38 23.12 222.13 9.61

21.22 213.19 21.22 208.71 21.22 201.60 21.22 207.83 9.79

19.32 197.17 19.32 194.06 19.32 185.31 19.32 192.18 9.95

17.34 180.64 17.34 177.39 17.34 169.96 17.34 176.00 10.15

15.44 164.62 15.44 162.66 15.44 155.09 15.44 160.79 10.41

13.54 149.18 13.54 148.29 13.54 140.83 13.54 146.10 10.79

11.63 131.63 11.63 129.70 11.63 124.72 11.63 128.68 11.06

9.66 113.80 9.66 113.62 9.66 108.25 9.66 111.89 11.58

7.76 97.03 7.76 96.82 7.76 91.96 7.76 95.27 12.28

5.84 78.61 5.84 78.06 5.84 74.43 5.84 77.03 13.19

3.91 59.30 3.91 59.00 3.91 56.20 3.91 58.16 14.86

2.00 37.19 2.00 36.88 2.00 35.24 2.00 36.44 18.24

0.07 16.03 0.07 15.92 0.07 15.16 0.07 15.70 216.47

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 27.6 27.7 26.1 27.1 0.7

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.6 8.4 8.1 8.4 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 123 133 146 134 9

Table B-16: 1 Day values for Mix F (NIST Code: SR-80)
B - 23

Mix F

NIST Code: SR-81

Run #1 (SR-81D) Run #2 (SR-81E) Run #3 (SR-81F) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 17.42 0.07 17.53 0.07 17.33 0.07 17.43 239.34

2.68 44.84 2.68 45.44 2.68 44.62 2.68 44.97 16.79

5.29 74.96 5.29 75.60 5.29 73.35 5.29 74.64 14.11

7.90 100.83 7.90 100.02 7.90 97.63 7.90 99.49 12.59

10.54 125.90 10.54 123.79 10.54 121.92 10.54 123.87 11.76

13.10 150.13 13.10 147.46 13.10 143.28 13.10 146.95 11.22

15.73 172.52 15.73 170.38 15.73 164.64 15.73 169.18 10.75

18.37 195.89 18.29 191.13 18.37 186.38 18.34 191.13 10.42

20.93 218.46 20.93 211.78 20.93 208.14 20.93 212.79 10.17

23.56 241.06 23.56 233.91 23.56 225.57 23.56 233.51 9.91

26.12 259.56 26.12 251.22 26.12 245.88 26.12 252.22 9.66

28.76 278.63 28.76 270.64 28.76 263.81 28.76 271.03 9.42

31.39 297.83 31.39 289.95 31.39 281.78 31.39 289.85 9.23

33.95 316.32 33.95 307.12 33.95 299.07 33.95 307.50 9.06

36.59 331.73 36.59 324.65 36.59 313.37 36.59 323.25 8.84

36.59 345.23 36.59 338.16 36.59 324.36 36.59 335.92 9.18

34.68 328.79 34.68 317.31 34.68 307.70 34.68 317.93 9.17

32.78 310.70 32.71 299.48 32.71 292.35 32.73 300.85 9.19

30.80 294.18 30.80 285.21 30.80 278.09 30.80 285.83 9.28

28.90 276.32 28.90 272.18 28.90 262.64 28.90 270.38 9.35

27.00 259.87 27.00 254.20 27.00 243.84 27.00 252.64 9.36

25.02 243.19 25.02 236.95 25.02 229.82 25.02 236.65 9.46

23.12 228.79 23.12 224.34 23.12 217.04 23.12 223.39 9.66

21.22 213.82 21.22 207.56 21.22 201.60 21.22 207.66 9.79

19.32 197.92 19.32 191.39 19.32 185.31 19.32 191.54 9.92

17.34 180.06 17.34 176.19 17.34 169.96 17.34 175.40 10.11

15.44 164.20 15.44 160.18 15.44 156.44 15.44 160.27 10.38

13.54 146.23 13.54 143.53 13.54 140.86 13.54 143.54 10.60

11.63 129.10 11.63 127.01 11.63 123.41 11.63 126.51 10.87

9.66 112.47 9.66 110.33 9.66 107.64 9.66 110.15 11.40

7.76 95.05 7.76 93.30 7.76 91.49 7.76 93.28 12.03

5.84 76.47 5.84 75.45 5.84 73.68 5.84 75.20 12.88

3.91 57.04 3.91 56.64 3.91 55.30 3.91 56.33 14.39

2.00 34.87 2.00 35.13 2.00 34.20 2.00 34.73 17.39

0.07 14.08 0.07 14.71 0.07 14.15 0.07 14.31 197.32

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 23.2 23.9 23.9 23.6 0.3

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.8 8.6 8.3 8.6 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 134 138 155 142 9

Table B-17: 3 Day values for Mix F (NIST Code: SR-80)
B - 24

Mix F

NIST Code: SR-81

Run #1 (SR-81G) Run #2 (SR-81H) Run #3 (SR-81I) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 17.10 0.07 19.92 0.07 15.63 0.07 17.55 240.60

2.68 45.96 2.69 50.85 2.68 41.81 2.68 46.20 17.24

5.29 75.89 5.29 83.77 5.29 69.05 5.29 76.24 14.41

7.90 100.98 7.90 111.63 7.90 92.33 7.90 101.64 12.86

10.54 125.37 10.54 138.18 10.54 114.08 10.54 125.88 11.95

13.10 150.13 13.10 163.80 13.10 136.44 13.10 150.12 11.46

15.73 172.92 15.73 188.66 15.73 156.51 15.73 172.69 10.98

18.29 195.91 18.37 212.21 18.37 177.45 18.34 195.19 10.64

20.93 216.66 20.93 234.92 20.93 196.57 20.93 216.05 10.32

23.56 238.67 23.56 257.37 23.56 214.27 23.56 236.77 10.05

26.12 258.67 26.12 277.21 26.12 230.57 26.12 255.48 9.78

28.76 277.74 28.76 296.14 28.76 248.99 28.76 274.29 9.54

31.39 298.59 31.39 318.34 31.39 265.72 31.39 294.22 9.37

33.95 318.40 33.95 336.19 33.95 281.82 33.95 312.14 9.19

36.59 331.73 36.59 349.43 36.59 295.02 36.59 325.39 8.89

36.59 345.23 36.59 366.98 36.59 310.21 36.59 340.81 9.32

34.68 327.26 34.68 350.54 34.68 293.45 34.68 323.75 9.33

32.71 310.73 32.71 328.83 32.71 275.46 32.71 305.01 9.33

30.80 295.37 30.80 311.29 30.80 259.91 30.80 288.86 9.38

28.90 276.32 28.90 293.31 28.90 245.66 28.90 271.76 9.40

27.00 259.87 27.00 275.58 27.00 230.36 27.00 255.27 9.45

25.02 245.25 25.02 257.72 25.02 216.19 25.02 239.72 9.58

23.12 229.56 23.12 242.20 23.12 204.71 23.12 225.49 9.75

21.22 212.93 21.22 224.23 21.22 189.11 21.22 208.75 9.84

19.32 195.39 19.32 208.45 19.32 174.20 19.32 192.68 9.97

17.34 178.86 17.34 190.73 17.34 158.70 17.34 176.10 10.15

15.44 164.20 15.44 172.38 15.44 146.49 15.44 161.02 10.43

13.54 147.43 13.54 154.54 13.54 130.76 13.54 144.25 10.66

11.63 128.96 11.63 137.10 11.63 113.63 11.63 126.57 10.88

9.66 111.58 9.66 119.20 9.66 98.96 9.66 109.91 11.38

7.76 94.32 7.76 100.59 7.76 83.97 7.76 92.96 11.99

5.84 75.42 5.84 80.94 5.84 67.61 5.84 74.66 12.79

3.91 56.07 3.91 60.71 3.91 50.51 3.91 55.76 14.24

2.00 33.93 2.00 37.41 2.00 31.03 2.00 34.13 17.08

0.07 13.07 0.07 15.59 0.07 12.53 0.07 13.73 188.90

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 22.3 24.3 19.9 22.2 1.8

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.9 9.4 7.9 8.7 0.6

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 143 260 190 198 48

Table B-18: 7 Day values for Mix F (NIST Code: SR-80)
B - 25

Figure B-16: 1 Day values for Mix F (NIST Code: SR-81)

Figure B-17: 3 Day values for Mix F (NIST Code: SR-81)

Figure B-18: 7 Day values for Mix F (NIST Code: SR-81)
B - 26

Mix G

NIST Code: SR-79

Run #1 (SR-79A) Run #2 (SR-79B) Run #3 (SR-79C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 19.92 0.07 18.84 0.07 19.41 0.07 19.39 265.82

2.68 50.62 2.68 47.53 2.68 51.69 2.68 49.95 18.65

5.29 82.74 5.29 75.78 5.29 84.32 5.29 80.95 15.30

7.90 110.63 7.90 100.85 7.90 111.16 7.90 107.55 13.61

10.54 137.30 10.54 124.75 10.54 138.18 10.54 133.41 12.66

13.10 162.28 13.10 148.34 13.10 162.54 13.10 157.72 12.04

15.73 185.85 15.73 170.11 15.73 185.23 15.73 180.40 11.47

18.37 211.34 18.37 189.91 18.29 210.46 18.34 203.91 11.12

20.93 235.37 20.93 210.35 20.93 232.37 20.93 226.03 10.80

23.56 257.69 23.56 229.13 23.56 256.80 23.56 247.87 10.52

26.12 278.84 26.12 248.07 26.12 277.96 26.12 268.29 10.27

28.76 294.64 28.76 263.22 28.76 296.73 28.76 284.87 9.91

31.39 315.51 31.39 281.62 31.39 318.63 31.39 305.25 9.72

33.95 338.94 33.95 299.02 33.95 336.87 33.95 324.94 9.57

36.59 358.71 36.59 310.07 36.59 358.71 36.59 342.50 9.36

36.59 369.64 36.59 325.25 36.59 363.81 36.59 352.90 9.65

34.68 350.38 34.68 308.59 34.68 348.78 34.68 335.92 9.69

32.71 330.03 32.71 293.25 32.71 330.92 32.71 318.06 9.72

30.80 312.29 30.80 278.98 30.80 313.18 30.80 301.48 9.79

28.90 298.06 28.90 261.12 28.90 296.54 28.90 285.24 9.87

27.00 281.05 27.00 245.93 27.00 278.69 27.00 268.56 9.95

25.02 261.28 25.02 232.50 25.02 264.22 25.02 252.67 10.10

23.12 245.76 23.12 217.93 23.12 247.25 23.12 236.98 10.25

21.22 227.79 21.22 202.49 21.22 230.75 21.22 220.34 10.38

19.32 212.00 19.32 186.20 19.32 213.48 19.32 203.89 10.55

17.34 194.29 17.34 172.32 17.34 195.76 17.34 187.46 10.81

15.44 175.94 15.44 157.51 15.44 179.96 15.44 171.13 11.08

13.54 159.30 13.54 140.86 13.54 162.00 13.54 154.06 11.38

11.63 140.52 11.63 122.90 11.63 142.30 11.63 135.24 11.62

9.66 122.04 9.66 107.78 9.66 123.99 9.66 117.93 12.21

7.76 103.17 7.76 91.79 7.76 105.30 7.76 100.09 12.90

5.84 83.70 5.84 74.11 5.84 85.14 5.84 80.98 13.87

3.91 63.03 3.91 55.92 3.91 64.01 3.91 60.99 15.58

2.00 39.08 2.00 35.17 2.00 39.73 2.00 37.99 19.02

0.07 16.71 0.07 15.42 0.07 16.65 0.07 16.26 224.23

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 27.2 24.5 29.7 27.1 2.1

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 9.4 8.3 9.3 9.0 0.5

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 146 209 113 156 40

Table B-19: 1 Day values for Mix G (NIST Code: SR-78)
B - 27

Mix G

NIST Code: SR-79

Run #1 (SR-79D) Run #2 (SR-79E) Run #3 (SR-79F) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 18.82 0.07 20.24 0.07 20.05 0.07 19.70 270.56

2.68 49.88 2.68 52.49 2.68 51.99 2.68 51.45 19.21

5.29 80.61 5.29 86.55 5.29 85.53 5.29 84.23 15.92

7.90 107.30 7.90 112.93 7.90 113.57 7.90 111.27 14.08

10.54 132.31 10.54 139.47 10.54 139.95 10.54 137.24 13.03

13.10 155.70 13.10 163.17 13.10 165.57 13.10 161.48 12.33

15.73 177.97 15.73 188.38 15.73 190.87 15.73 185.74 11.81

18.29 203.32 18.37 214.30 18.29 214.01 18.32 210.55 11.49

20.93 222.89 20.93 235.81 20.93 235.93 20.93 231.54 11.06

23.56 244.89 23.56 258.26 23.56 259.15 23.56 254.10 10.78

26.12 263.53 26.12 278.10 26.12 280.36 26.12 274.00 10.49

28.76 282.80 28.76 297.03 28.76 300.57 28.76 293.47 10.21

31.39 303.46 31.39 317.57 31.39 319.35 31.39 313.46 9.99

33.95 318.69 33.95 337.76 33.95 337.72 33.95 331.39 9.76

36.59 336.15 36.59 359.60 36.59 356.28 36.59 350.68 9.59

36.59 349.65 36.59 370.52 36.59 370.52 36.59 363.57 9.94

34.68 334.54 34.68 352.91 34.68 351.27 34.68 346.24 9.98

32.71 314.02 32.78 333.53 32.71 333.57 32.73 327.04 9.99

30.80 297.56 30.80 313.33 30.80 317.10 30.80 309.33 10.04

28.90 280.78 28.90 298.06 28.90 296.87 28.90 291.90 10.10

27.00 264.31 27.00 278.82 27.00 276.91 27.00 273.35 10.12

25.02 249.70 25.02 260.38 25.02 262.44 25.02 257.51 10.29

23.12 234.01 23.12 246.65 23.12 245.47 23.12 242.04 10.47

21.22 217.38 21.22 230.49 21.22 228.97 21.22 225.61 10.63

19.32 199.84 19.32 211.70 19.32 211.70 19.32 207.74 10.75

17.34 183.31 17.34 193.98 17.34 193.98 17.34 190.42 10.98

15.44 168.64 15.44 178.18 15.44 178.18 15.44 175.00 11.34

13.54 151.88 13.54 159.02 13.54 159.02 13.54 156.64 11.57

11.63 133.40 11.63 141.70 11.63 140.65 11.63 138.58 11.91

9.66 116.54 9.66 122.39 9.66 123.46 9.66 120.80 12.51

7.76 98.50 7.76 103.44 7.76 104.03 7.76 101.99 13.15

5.84 79.59 5.84 83.98 5.84 83.95 5.84 82.51 14.13

3.91 59.83 3.91 62.98 3.91 63.05 3.91 61.95 15.83

2.00 36.97 2.00 39.03 2.00 39.13 2.00 38.38 19.21

0.07 15.13 0.07 16.45 0.07 16.45 0.07 16.01 220.40

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 25.9 27.1 27.1 26.7 0.6

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.9 9.4 9.4 9.3 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 172 180 210 187 16

Table B-20: 3 Day values for Mix G Lab Code: SR-79
B - 28

Mix G

NIST Code: SR-79

Run #1 (SR-79G) Run #2 (SR-79H) Run #3 (SR-79I) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 15.86 0.07 17.65 0.07 16.43 0.07 16.65 228.12

2.68 43.51 2.68 46.50 2.68 44.52 2.68 44.84 16.74

5.29 74.04 5.29 78.16 5.29 73.65 5.29 75.28 14.23

7.90 99.16 7.90 103.98 7.90 97.59 7.90 100.24 12.69

10.54 122.81 10.54 128.25 10.54 120.54 10.54 123.86 11.76

13.10 144.79 13.10 152.78 13.10 144.17 13.10 147.25 11.24

15.73 169.37 15.73 175.18 15.73 165.02 15.73 169.86 10.80

18.29 192.36 18.37 198.55 18.29 186.42 18.32 192.44 10.51

20.93 212.06 20.93 220.06 20.93 208.51 20.93 213.54 10.20

23.56 233.92 23.56 240.13 23.56 227.96 23.56 234.00 9.93

26.12 255.39 26.12 258.82 26.12 246.77 26.12 253.66 9.71

28.76 270.04 28.76 279.52 28.76 264.70 28.76 271.42 9.44

31.39 289.66 31.39 298.72 31.39 282.67 31.39 290.35 9.25

33.95 310.09 33.95 317.21 33.95 299.96 33.95 309.08 9.10

36.59 325.54 36.59 332.61 36.59 314.26 36.59 324.14 8.86

36.59 338.16 36.59 345.23 36.59 326.13 36.59 336.51 9.20

34.68 317.31 34.68 327.26 34.68 312.31 34.68 318.96 9.20

32.71 302.13 32.71 310.73 32.71 295.62 32.71 302.83 9.26

30.80 286.57 30.80 292.81 30.80 281.54 30.80 286.97 9.32

28.90 271.29 28.90 277.52 28.90 264.74 28.90 271.18 9.38

27.00 253.31 27.00 261.78 27.00 246.07 27.00 253.72 9.40

25.02 238.12 25.02 243.19 25.02 230.72 25.02 237.35 9.48

23.12 222.26 23.12 228.79 23.12 216.15 23.12 222.40 9.62

21.22 206.96 21.22 213.82 21.22 200.71 21.22 207.16 9.76

19.32 189.31 19.32 196.28 19.32 184.42 19.32 190.00 9.84

17.34 175.58 17.34 179.75 17.34 169.07 17.34 174.80 10.08

15.44 159.46 15.44 165.09 15.44 155.55 15.44 160.03 10.37

13.54 141.75 13.54 148.32 13.54 139.97 13.54 143.35 10.59

11.63 125.76 11.63 129.85 11.63 123.05 11.63 126.22 10.85

9.66 108.69 9.66 112.47 9.66 106.62 9.66 109.26 11.31

7.76 90.97 7.76 94.98 7.76 90.09 7.76 92.01 11.86

5.84 73.04 5.84 76.47 5.84 72.47 5.84 73.99 12.67

3.91 54.27 3.91 57.29 3.91 53.92 3.91 55.16 14.09

2.00 32.42 2.00 34.92 2.00 33.11 2.00 33.48 16.76

0.07 11.86 0.07 13.91 0.07 12.67 0.07 12.81 178.68

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 21.0 23.5 21.5 22.0 1.1

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.7 8.8 8.4 8.6 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 169 185 164 173 9

Table B-21: 7 Day values for Mix G Lab Code: SR-79
B - 29

Figure B-19: 1 Day values for Mix G (NIST Code: SR-79)

Figure B-21: 7 Day values for Mix G (NIST Code: SR-79)

Figure B-20: 3 Day values for Mix G (NIST Code: SR-79)
B - 30

Mix H

NIST Code: SR-99

Run #1(SR-99A) Run #2 (SR-99B) Run #3 (SR-99C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 21.55 0.07 20.33 0.07 21.32 0.07 21.07 288.80

2.68 49.11 2.68 44.44 2.68 50.07 2.68 47.87 17.88

5.29 79.52 5.29 69.33 5.29 79.50 5.29 76.11 14.39

7.90 104.00 7.90 93.08 7.90 103.31 7.90 100.13 12.67

10.54 127.36 10.54 114.42 10.54 127.18 10.54 122.99 11.67

13.10 152.16 13.10 134.92 13.10 150.38 13.10 145.82 11.13

15.73 172.50 15.73 153.83 15.73 172.00 15.73 166.11 10.56

18.37 195.58 18.37 174.47 18.29 193.80 18.34 187.95 10.25

20.93 217.21 20.93 193.72 20.93 213.40 20.93 208.11 9.94

23.56 236.58 23.56 211.31 23.56 235.39 23.56 227.76 9.67

26.20 257.29 26.12 230.42 26.12 254.15 26.15 247.29 9.46

28.76 275.95 28.76 245.72 28.76 269.17 28.76 263.61 9.17

31.39 296.05 31.39 261.12 31.39 288.90 31.39 282.02 8.98

33.95 314.54 33.95 279.15 33.95 306.19 33.95 299.96 8.83

36.59 329.96 36.59 292.36 36.59 320.46 36.59 314.26 8.59

36.59 337.63 36.59 296.79 36.59 332.32 36.59 322.25 8.81

34.68 318.24 34.68 285.65 34.68 315.71 34.68 306.53 8.84

32.71 304.22 32.71 273.98 32.71 297.73 32.71 291.97 8.93

30.80 289.78 30.80 258.25 30.80 284.73 30.80 277.59 9.01

28.90 275.66 28.90 245.32 28.90 271.54 28.90 264.17 9.14

27.00 261.20 27.00 229.91 27.00 254.97 27.00 248.69 9.21

25.02 245.85 25.02 217.07 25.02 239.62 25.02 234.18 9.36

23.12 231.29 23.12 203.47 23.12 225.05 23.12 219.94 9.51

21.22 214.04 21.22 190.52 21.22 209.60 21.22 204.72 9.65

19.32 200.72 19.32 175.39 19.32 191.70 19.32 189.27 9.80

17.34 185.41 17.34 163.98 17.34 179.10 17.34 176.16 10.16

15.44 172.01 15.44 150.18 15.44 165.51 15.44 162.57 10.53

13.54 156.32 13.54 136.03 13.54 150.06 13.54 147.47 10.89

11.63 137.84 11.63 121.67 11.63 131.48 11.63 130.33 11.20

9.66 120.89 9.66 105.99 9.66 115.65 9.66 114.18 11.82

7.76 103.26 7.76 90.32 7.76 98.17 7.76 97.25 12.54

5.84 84.11 5.84 73.93 5.84 79.83 5.84 79.29 13.58

3.91 63.92 3.91 56.22 3.91 60.81 3.91 60.32 15.41

2.00 40.24 2.00 35.92 2.00 38.54 2.00 38.23 19.14

0.07 18.17 0.07 16.86 0.07 17.57 0.07 17.53 241.45

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 33.8 28.8 29.9 30.8 2.2

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.4 7.5 8.4 8.1 0.4

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 33 67 122 74 37

Table B-22: 1 Day values for Mix H (NIST Code: SR-98)
B - 31

Mix H

NIST Code: SR-99

Run #1 (SR-99E) Run #2 (SR-99F) Run #3 (SR-99G) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 20.72 0.07 19.43 0.07 18.95 0.07 19.70 269.96

2.68 48.11 2.68 43.81 2.68 42.72 2.68 44.88 16.76

5.29 77.64 5.29 69.49 5.29 66.45 5.29 71.19 13.46

7.90 101.61 7.90 91.73 7.90 88.12 7.90 93.82 11.87

10.54 125.41 10.54 112.99 10.54 108.70 10.54 115.70 10.98

13.10 148.60 13.10 132.26 13.10 128.26 13.10 136.37 10.41

15.73 169.46 15.73 152.06 15.73 145.83 15.73 155.78 9.90

18.29 189.94 18.37 171.79 18.37 165.26 18.34 175.66 9.58

20.93 209.69 20.93 188.64 20.93 183.31 20.93 193.88 9.26

23.56 230.34 23.56 205.05 23.56 199.72 23.56 211.70 8.99

26.12 249.22 26.12 222.98 26.12 216.27 26.12 229.49 8.79

28.76 261.47 28.76 240.11 28.76 230.63 28.76 244.07 8.49

31.39 279.97 31.39 253.64 31.39 246.24 31.39 259.95 8.28

33.95 297.88 33.95 265.82 33.95 259.83 33.95 274.51 8.09

36.59 314.26 36.59 285.29 36.59 274.01 36.59 291.19 7.96

36.59 331.97 36.59 294.65 36.59 281.74 36.59 302.79 8.28

34.68 312.56 34.68 277.69 34.68 270.52 34.68 286.92 8.27

32.78 290.54 32.78 263.59 32.71 256.19 32.76 270.11 8.25

30.80 276.53 30.80 249.27 30.80 239.19 30.80 255.00 8.28

28.90 264.42 28.90 237.31 28.90 227.45 28.90 243.06 8.41

27.00 247.85 27.00 221.90 27.00 215.54 27.00 228.43 8.46

25.02 232.50 25.02 207.00 25.02 204.61 25.02 214.71 8.58

23.12 215.98 23.12 194.68 23.12 189.05 23.12 199.90 8.65

21.22 201.85 21.22 183.41 21.22 177.43 21.22 187.56 8.84

19.32 187.09 19.32 169.89 19.32 163.81 19.32 173.60 8.99

17.34 171.74 17.34 155.72 17.34 150.96 17.34 159.47 9.20

15.44 158.22 15.44 141.99 15.44 138.44 15.44 146.22 9.47

13.54 142.64 13.54 127.72 13.54 123.93 13.54 131.43 9.71

11.63 125.29 11.63 113.77 11.63 109.83 11.63 116.30 10.00

9.66 109.22 9.66 99.58 9.66 95.88 9.66 101.56 10.51

7.76 93.11 7.76 84.60 7.76 81.27 7.76 86.33 11.13

5.84 75.64 5.84 68.67 5.84 66.26 5.84 70.19 12.02

3.91 57.31 3.91 52.37 3.91 50.37 3.91 53.35 13.63

2.00 36.11 2.00 33.25 2.00 32.22 2.00 33.86 16.95

0.07 16.51 0.07 15.43 0.07 15.22 0.07 15.72 216.59

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 25.4 24.2 23.6 24.4 0.7

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.3 7.4 7.1 7.6 0.5

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 188 169 156 171 13

Table B-23: 3 Day values for Mix H (NIST Code: SR-98)
B - 32

Mix H

NIST Code: SR-99

Run #1 (SR-99I) Run #2 (SR-99J) Run #3 (SR-99K) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 21.30 0.07 20.80 0.07 22.05 0.07 21.38 293.51

2.68 49.58 2.68 47.69 2.68 50.73 2.68 49.33 18.42

5.29 80.35 5.29 77.87 5.29 79.37 5.29 79.20 14.97

7.90 107.01 7.90 103.35 7.90 104.89 7.90 105.08 13.30

10.54 132.54 10.54 128.00 10.54 128.47 10.54 129.67 12.31

13.10 156.96 13.10 151.00 13.10 153.04 13.10 153.67 11.73

15.73 181.83 15.73 173.93 15.73 173.78 15.73 176.51 11.22

18.29 205.10 18.29 195.61 18.29 195.57 18.29 198.76 10.87

20.93 224.67 20.93 216.50 20.93 215.18 20.93 218.78 10.45

23.56 245.46 23.56 238.37 23.56 234.75 23.56 239.53 10.17

26.12 264.16 26.12 257.08 26.12 250.89 26.12 257.38 9.85

28.76 284.86 28.76 269.20 28.76 269.17 28.76 274.41 9.54

31.39 304.06 31.39 290.68 31.39 287.25 31.39 294.00 9.37

33.95 322.55 33.95 307.97 33.95 305.05 33.95 311.85 9.19

36.59 337.92 36.59 322.23 36.59 324.65 36.59 328.27 8.97

36.59 356.38 36.59 339.04 36.59 330.55 36.59 341.99 9.35

34.68 334.19 34.68 318.20 34.68 316.76 34.68 323.05 9.31

32.71 315.19 32.71 303.02 32.71 300.07 32.71 306.09 9.36

30.80 299.82 30.80 287.46 30.80 280.87 30.80 289.39 9.39

28.90 283.19 28.90 272.18 28.90 266.76 28.90 274.04 9.48

27.00 263.11 27.00 254.20 27.00 252.30 27.00 256.54 9.50

25.02 247.91 25.02 236.95 25.02 236.95 25.02 240.60 9.61

23.12 234.01 23.12 222.38 23.12 222.38 23.12 226.26 9.79

21.22 217.38 21.22 208.74 21.22 206.93 21.22 211.02 9.94

19.32 199.84 19.32 189.46 19.32 189.03 19.32 192.78 9.98

17.34 183.31 17.34 175.55 17.34 176.44 17.34 178.43 10.29

15.44 167.29 15.44 160.61 15.44 162.84 15.44 163.58 10.60

13.54 151.84 13.54 145.27 13.54 146.19 13.54 147.77 10.92

11.63 134.29 11.63 131.03 11.63 129.99 11.63 131.77 11.33

9.66 117.08 9.66 112.38 9.66 112.74 9.66 114.06 11.81

7.76 99.62 7.76 94.86 7.76 95.77 7.76 96.75 12.47

5.84 80.65 5.84 77.32 5.84 78.18 5.84 78.72 13.48

3.91 61.01 3.91 58.45 3.91 59.06 3.91 59.51 15.20

2.00 38.35 2.00 36.79 2.00 37.20 2.00 37.45 18.75

0.07 17.04 0.07 16.36 0.07 16.91 0.07 16.77 230.71

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 26.2 25.5 27.6 26.4 0.9

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.9 8.5 8.4 8.6 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 197 202 219 206 9

Table B-24: 7 Day values for Mix H (NIST Code: SR-98)
B - 33

Figure B-22: 1 Day values for Mix H (NIST Code: SR-99)

Figure B-23: 3 Day values for Mix H (NIST Code: SR-99)

Figure B-24: 7 Day values for Mix H (NIST Code: SR-99)
B - 34

Mix I

NIST Code: SR-95

Run #1 (SR-95A) Run #2 (SR-95B) Run #3 (SR-95C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 17.87 0.07 18.05 0.07 17.53 0.07 17.82 244.63

2.68 42.05 2.68 42.22 2.68 40.15 2.68 41.47 15.49

5.29 68.24 5.29 68.23 5.29 66.55 5.29 67.67 12.79

7.90 90.07 7.90 89.42 7.90 87.94 7.90 89.15 11.28

10.54 111.47 10.54 109.40 10.54 108.13 10.54 109.67 10.41

13.10 131.63 13.10 129.68 13.10 128.09 13.10 129.80 9.91

15.73 149.25 15.73 149.39 15.73 149.14 15.73 149.26 9.49

18.37 170.01 18.37 168.21 18.29 167.09 18.34 168.44 9.18

20.93 187.94 20.93 184.82 20.93 185.82 20.93 186.19 8.90

23.56 203.95 23.56 203.88 23.56 201.50 23.56 203.11 8.62

26.20 218.17 26.12 218.93 26.12 219.42 26.15 218.84 8.37

28.76 236.42 28.76 234.78 28.76 235.06 28.76 235.42 8.19

31.39 252.63 31.39 253.40 31.39 250.56 31.39 252.20 8.03

33.95 266.10 33.95 268.17 33.95 265.46 33.95 266.58 7.85

36.59 283.52 36.59 283.52 36.59 277.55 36.59 281.53 7.70

36.59 293.76 36.59 287.94 36.59 292.00 36.59 291.23 7.96

34.68 275.52 34.68 277.99 34.68 275.01 34.68 276.18 7.96

32.71 260.05 32.78 259.70 32.78 260.92 32.76 260.23 7.94

30.80 250.53 30.80 248.19 30.80 246.60 30.80 248.44 8.07

28.90 236.12 28.90 237.02 28.90 232.23 28.90 235.12 8.14

27.00 219.99 27.00 220.88 27.00 218.21 27.00 219.69 8.14

25.02 209.06 25.02 207.89 25.02 205.22 25.02 207.39 8.29

23.12 195.45 23.12 197.52 23.12 194.85 23.12 195.94 8.47

21.22 182.52 21.22 183.12 21.22 180.45 21.22 182.03 8.58

19.32 167.37 19.32 169.45 19.32 166.78 19.32 167.87 8.69

17.34 154.51 17.34 156.61 17.34 153.94 17.34 155.02 8.94

15.44 143.35 15.44 144.24 15.44 140.22 15.44 142.60 9.24

13.54 127.76 13.54 128.65 13.54 125.94 13.54 127.45 9.42

11.63 112.57 11.63 113.87 11.63 112.20 11.63 112.88 9.70

9.66 98.69 9.66 99.38 9.66 97.40 9.66 98.49 10.20

7.76 84.10 7.76 84.52 7.76 82.59 7.76 83.74 10.80

5.84 68.09 5.84 68.93 5.84 67.13 5.84 68.05 11.65

3.91 51.67 3.91 52.45 3.91 51.06 3.91 51.73 13.21

2.00 32.79 2.00 33.20 2.00 32.31 2.00 32.77 16.40

0.07 15.07 0.07 15.17 0.07 14.87 0.07 15.04 206.73

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 23.9 25.4 21.8 23.7 1.4

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.4 7.3 6.3 7.0 0.5

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 129 91 55 91 30

Table B-25: 1 Day values for Mix I (NIST Code: SR-94)
B - 35

Mix I

NIST Code: SR-95

Run #1 (SR-95E) Run #2 (SR-95F) Run #3 (SR-95G) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 18.08 0.07 16.65 0.07 17.02 0.07 17.25 236.53

2.68 43.07 2.68 40.07 2.68 40.68 2.68 41.27 15.41

5.29 70.22 5.29 64.26 5.29 67.91 5.29 67.46 12.75

7.90 93.47 7.90 84.17 7.90 91.05 7.90 89.56 11.33

10.54 115.98 10.54 104.86 10.54 113.03 10.54 111.29 10.56

13.10 137.06 13.10 124.71 13.10 133.77 13.10 131.85 10.07

15.73 159.32 15.73 142.60 15.73 154.33 15.73 152.08 9.67

18.37 180.14 18.29 161.73 18.29 174.53 18.32 172.13 9.40

20.93 200.58 20.93 179.16 20.93 195.47 20.93 191.74 9.16

23.56 219.35 23.56 197.36 23.56 213.70 23.56 210.13 8.92

26.12 238.29 26.12 216.61 26.12 231.31 26.12 228.74 8.76

28.76 254.93 28.76 232.10 28.76 249.59 28.76 245.54 8.54

31.39 274.66 31.39 250.59 31.39 269.32 31.39 264.86 8.44

33.95 291.95 33.95 266.69 33.95 286.61 33.95 281.75 8.30

36.59 306.30 36.59 279.98 36.59 300.99 36.59 295.76 8.08

36.59 319.06 36.59 291.11 36.59 307.03 36.59 305.73 8.36

34.68 299.53 34.68 274.12 34.68 288.88 34.68 287.51 8.29

32.71 282.88 32.78 254.69 32.71 276.04 32.73 271.20 8.29

30.80 272.27 30.80 243.02 30.80 262.71 30.80 259.33 8.42

28.90 256.67 28.90 230.73 28.90 249.77 28.90 245.72 8.50

27.00 239.26 27.00 218.07 27.00 236.59 27.00 231.30 8.57

25.02 227.15 25.02 207.00 25.02 222.42 25.02 218.86 8.75

23.12 212.42 23.12 192.73 23.12 208.97 23.12 204.71 8.85

21.22 198.30 21.22 182.77 21.22 194.71 21.22 191.93 9.04

19.32 181.90 19.32 170.78 19.32 181.31 19.32 178.00 9.21

17.34 167.86 17.34 156.61 17.34 167.29 17.34 163.92 9.45

15.44 155.55 15.44 142.88 15.44 152.42 15.44 150.28 9.73

13.54 138.77 13.54 128.61 13.54 138.16 13.54 135.18 9.99

11.63 122.97 11.63 114.76 11.63 121.12 11.63 119.62 10.28

9.66 107.30 9.66 100.44 9.66 105.56 9.66 104.43 10.81

7.76 90.90 7.76 85.62 7.76 89.77 7.76 88.77 11.44

5.84 73.95 5.84 69.60 5.84 73.00 5.84 72.18 12.36

3.91 55.72 3.91 52.76 3.91 55.27 3.91 54.59 13.94

2.00 35.07 2.00 33.04 2.00 34.54 2.00 34.22 17.13

0.07 15.42 0.07 14.46 0.07 14.96 0.07 14.94 205.81

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 25.6 26.3 27.1 26.3 0.6

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.0 7.2 7.7 7.7 0.3

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 52 13 21 29 17

Table B-26: 3 Day values for Mix I (NIST Code: SR-94)
B - 36

Mix I

NIST Code: SR-95

Run #1 (SR-95I) Run #2 (SR-95J) Run #3 (SR-95K) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 16.96 0.07 16.43 0.07 16.45 0.07 16.61 227.97

2.68 41.49 2.69 38.73 2.68 39.50 2.68 39.91 14.89

5.29 67.22 5.29 62.02 5.29 64.50 5.29 64.58 12.21

7.90 88.98 7.90 82.35 7.90 86.09 7.90 85.81 10.86

10.54 109.84 10.54 102.04 10.54 106.95 10.54 106.28 10.09

13.10 129.86 13.10 121.61 13.10 126.75 13.10 126.07 9.63

15.73 149.73 15.73 138.85 15.73 144.81 15.73 144.46 9.18

18.29 169.14 18.37 156.04 18.37 165.57 18.34 163.58 8.92

20.93 186.43 20.93 173.97 20.93 183.49 20.93 181.30 8.66

23.56 204.77 23.56 191.71 23.56 201.21 23.56 199.23 8.46

26.12 221.20 26.12 208.26 26.12 216.27 26.12 215.24 8.24

28.76 236.84 28.76 222.61 28.76 232.11 28.76 230.52 8.02

31.39 252.34 31.39 239.88 31.39 250.73 31.39 247.65 7.89

33.95 269.06 33.95 254.78 33.95 263.68 33.95 262.51 7.73

36.59 284.40 36.59 266.93 36.59 275.78 36.59 275.70 7.54

36.59 287.94 36.59 275.55 36.59 284.40 36.59 282.63 7.73

34.68 277.99 34.68 261.46 34.68 271.57 34.68 270.34 7.79

32.78 265.05 32.71 248.47 32.78 257.35 32.76 256.96 7.84

30.80 248.38 30.80 236.40 30.80 244.37 30.80 243.05 7.89

28.90 234.01 28.90 220.92 28.90 232.23 28.90 229.06 7.93

27.00 222.21 27.00 208.28 27.00 220.44 27.00 216.98 8.04

25.02 207.90 25.02 197.21 25.02 206.12 25.02 203.75 8.14

23.12 195.74 23.12 184.88 23.12 193.96 23.12 191.53 8.28

21.22 183.14 21.22 171.81 21.22 179.56 21.22 178.17 8.40

19.32 166.48 19.32 159.67 19.32 165.89 19.32 164.01 8.49

17.34 155.10 17.34 145.35 17.34 153.05 17.34 151.17 8.72

15.44 141.28 15.44 131.57 15.44 139.33 15.44 137.39 8.90

13.54 125.94 13.54 119.93 13.54 125.78 13.54 123.88 9.15

11.63 112.30 11.63 105.60 11.63 110.71 11.63 109.54 9.42

9.66 97.55 9.66 91.78 9.66 96.20 9.66 95.18 9.85

7.76 82.57 7.76 77.92 7.76 81.65 7.76 80.72 10.41

5.84 66.88 5.84 63.14 5.84 66.08 5.84 65.36 11.19

3.91 50.57 3.91 47.67 3.91 49.77 3.91 49.34 12.60

2.00 31.57 2.00 30.07 2.00 31.28 2.00 30.98 15.51

0.07 13.88 0.07 13.38 0.07 13.69 0.07 13.65 187.65

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 22.7 21.2 23.0 22.3 0.8

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.4 7.0 7.3 7.2 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 146 95 94 112 24

Table B-27: 7 Day values for Mix I (NIST Code: SR-94)
B - 37

Figure B-25: 1 Day values for Mix I (NIST Code: SR-95)

Figure B-26: 3 Day values for Mix I (NIST Code: SR-95)

Figure B-27: 7 Day values for Mix I (NIST Code: SR-95)
B - 38

Mix J

NIST Code: SR-97

Run #1 (SR-97A) Run #2 (SR-97B) Run #3 (SR-97C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 19.83 0.07 19.12 0.07 19.31 0.07 19.42 266.80

2.68 47.83 2.68 42.48 2.68 42.89 2.68 44.40 16.58

5.29 75.75 5.29 66.44 5.29 68.16 5.29 70.12 13.25

7.90 100.17 7.90 87.15 7.90 89.50 7.90 92.28 11.68

10.54 122.79 10.54 106.73 10.54 111.22 10.54 113.58 10.78

13.10 144.42 13.10 125.77 13.10 130.48 13.10 133.56 10.20

15.73 163.74 15.73 145.14 15.73 150.62 15.73 153.17 9.74

18.37 184.28 18.29 164.67 18.29 170.95 18.32 173.30 9.46

20.93 204.84 20.93 179.61 20.93 188.48 20.93 190.98 9.13

23.56 221.10 23.56 195.52 23.56 205.37 23.56 207.33 8.80

26.12 241.58 26.12 209.45 26.12 224.61 26.12 225.21 8.62

28.76 258.15 28.76 227.07 28.76 240.11 28.76 241.77 8.41

31.39 271.80 31.39 242.68 31.39 256.95 31.39 257.15 8.19

33.95 291.65 33.95 256.27 33.95 273.55 33.95 273.82 8.07

36.59 308.07 36.59 270.47 36.59 292.15 36.59 290.23 7.93

36.59 314.11 36.59 273.28 36.59 292.37 36.59 293.25 8.02

34.68 300.14 34.68 264.55 34.68 278.37 34.68 281.02 8.10

32.78 284.63 32.78 250.23 32.71 268.03 32.76 267.63 8.17

30.80 270.47 30.80 238.57 30.80 254.69 30.80 254.58 8.26

28.90 259.64 28.90 228.67 28.90 239.36 28.90 242.56 8.39

27.00 240.73 27.00 212.43 27.00 225.33 27.00 226.16 8.38

25.02 225.96 25.02 200.75 25.02 214.40 25.02 213.71 8.54

23.12 216.27 23.12 190.23 23.12 202.74 23.12 203.08 8.78

21.22 200.68 21.22 177.15 21.22 186.68 21.22 188.17 8.87

19.32 185.75 19.32 163.37 19.32 174.64 19.32 174.59 9.04

17.34 171.74 17.34 151.85 17.34 160.48 17.34 161.36 9.30

15.44 156.87 15.44 137.98 15.44 145.55 15.44 146.80 9.51

13.54 142.60 13.54 125.02 13.54 132.48 13.54 133.37 9.85

11.63 126.29 11.63 111.78 11.63 116.88 11.63 118.32 10.17

9.66 109.73 9.66 97.42 9.66 102.41 9.66 103.19 10.68

7.76 94.14 7.76 82.76 7.76 87.78 7.76 88.23 11.38

5.84 76.73 5.84 67.68 5.84 71.57 5.84 71.99 12.33

3.91 58.45 3.91 51.83 3.91 54.77 3.91 55.02 14.05

2.00 37.09 2.00 33.10 2.00 34.79 2.00 35.00 17.52

0.07 16.90 0.07 15.60 0.07 16.20 0.07 16.24 222.78

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 29.3 26.5 27.3 27.7 1.2

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.9 6.9 7.4 7.4 0.4

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 113 93 54 87 24

Table B-28: 1 Day values for Mix J (NIST Code: SR-96)
B - 39

Mix J

NIST Code: SR-97

Run #1 (SR-97E) Run #2 (SR-97F) Run #3 (SR-97G) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 19.78 0.07 15.88 0.07 17.94 0.07 17.87 245.15

2.68 46.50 2.68 35.57 2.68 41.50 2.68 41.19 15.38

5.29 74.85 5.29 56.39 5.29 66.76 5.29 66.00 12.48

7.90 99.12 7.90 74.09 7.90 87.63 7.90 86.95 11.00

10.54 122.06 10.54 91.71 10.54 107.52 10.54 107.10 10.16

13.10 144.16 13.10 109.02 13.10 127.19 13.10 126.79 9.68

15.73 166.67 15.73 124.39 15.73 145.26 15.73 145.44 9.25

18.29 187.54 18.37 140.58 18.29 164.39 18.32 164.17 8.96

20.93 205.86 20.93 154.92 20.93 182.87 20.93 181.22 8.66

23.56 227.96 23.56 170.30 23.56 200.01 23.56 199.42 8.46

26.12 245.40 26.12 184.46 26.12 215.12 26.12 214.99 8.23

28.76 260.55 28.76 198.02 28.76 232.39 28.76 230.32 8.01

31.39 277.30 31.39 212.52 31.39 244.58 31.39 244.80 7.80

33.95 295.21 33.95 223.59 33.95 258.69 33.95 259.17 7.63

36.59 311.60 36.59 238.85 36.59 278.21 36.59 276.22 7.55

36.59 323.48 36.59 245.84 36.59 282.63 36.59 283.98 7.76

34.68 309.64 34.68 231.23 34.68 268.58 34.68 269.82 7.78

32.71 290.30 32.78 217.04 32.71 258.25 32.73 255.19 7.80

30.80 274.94 30.80 206.42 30.80 244.89 30.80 242.08 7.86

28.90 261.75 28.90 198.89 28.90 229.56 28.90 230.07 7.96

27.00 245.17 27.00 188.25 27.00 215.54 27.00 216.32 8.01

25.02 229.83 25.02 174.40 25.02 202.55 25.02 202.26 8.08

23.12 213.31 23.12 164.47 23.12 188.28 23.12 188.69 8.16

21.22 199.19 21.22 152.45 21.22 178.32 21.22 176.65 8.33

19.32 182.79 19.32 141.28 19.32 164.70 19.32 162.92 8.43

17.34 168.75 17.34 130.81 17.34 151.85 17.34 150.47 8.68

15.44 156.44 15.44 119.77 15.44 137.98 15.44 138.06 8.94

13.54 139.66 13.54 107.96 13.54 126.22 13.54 124.62 9.21

11.63 123.65 11.63 95.35 11.63 111.03 11.63 110.01 9.46

9.66 108.24 9.66 83.35 9.66 96.87 9.66 96.15 9.96

7.76 92.19 7.76 71.15 7.76 82.48 7.76 81.94 10.56

5.84 74.84 5.84 57.86 5.84 67.16 5.84 66.62 11.41

3.91 56.55 3.91 44.12 3.91 50.95 3.91 50.54 12.91

2.00 35.76 2.00 28.43 2.00 32.32 2.00 32.17 16.11

0.07 16.15 0.07 13.49 0.07 14.79 0.07 14.81 203.12

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 24.9 21.2 24.0 23.4 1.6

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.2 6.1 7.2 7.2 0.8

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 165 76 115 119 36

Table B-29: 3 Day values for Mix J (NIST Code: SR-96)
B - 40

Mix J

NIST Code: SR-97

Run #1 (SR-97I) Run #2 (SR-97J) Run #3 (SR-97K) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 19.25 0.07 16.42 0.07 18.72 0.07 18.13 248.47

2.69 46.54 2.68 38.54 2.69 43.88 2.68 42.99 16.02

5.29 76.87 5.29 61.94 5.29 71.44 5.29 70.09 13.25

7.90 102.64 7.90 81.30 7.90 94.58 7.90 92.84 11.75

10.54 127.12 10.54 100.68 10.54 117.11 10.54 114.97 10.91

13.10 150.74 13.10 118.76 13.10 139.10 13.10 136.20 10.40

15.73 174.57 15.73 138.16 15.73 158.77 15.73 157.17 9.99

18.37 196.48 18.29 156.37 18.29 178.98 18.32 177.28 9.68

20.93 220.52 20.93 172.50 20.93 198.86 20.93 197.29 9.43

23.56 241.65 23.56 190.82 23.56 216.96 23.56 216.48 9.19

26.12 261.61 26.12 207.37 26.12 237.40 26.12 235.46 9.01

28.76 279.24 28.76 221.72 28.76 251.05 28.76 250.67 8.72

31.39 301.56 31.39 237.34 31.39 266.46 31.39 268.45 8.55

33.95 319.91 33.95 247.27 33.95 284.49 33.95 283.89 8.36

36.59 338.59 36.59 255.02 36.59 297.68 36.59 297.09 8.12

36.59 342.06 36.59 266.19 36.59 307.92 36.59 305.39 8.35

34.68 328.33 34.68 256.29 34.68 292.59 34.68 292.40 8.43

32.71 311.65 32.71 245.80 32.71 281.08 32.71 279.51 8.55

30.80 297.56 30.80 233.73 30.80 266.62 30.80 265.97 8.63

28.90 280.78 28.90 218.25 28.90 247.71 28.90 248.91 8.61

27.00 262.09 27.00 205.61 27.00 236.01 27.00 234.57 8.69

25.02 248.80 25.02 192.49 25.02 220.38 25.02 220.56 8.81

23.12 234.90 23.12 179.49 23.12 208.37 23.12 207.59 8.98

21.22 218.27 21.22 169.40 21.22 192.65 21.22 193.44 9.12

19.32 200.73 19.32 157.14 19.32 179.08 19.32 178.98 9.27

17.34 184.20 17.34 144.15 17.34 166.40 17.34 164.92 9.51

15.44 169.53 15.44 131.57 15.44 151.53 15.44 150.88 9.77

13.54 152.76 13.54 119.57 13.54 136.07 13.54 136.13 10.06

11.63 135.33 11.63 105.85 11.63 120.99 11.63 120.72 10.38

9.66 116.54 9.66 91.91 9.66 105.49 9.66 104.65 10.83

7.76 98.78 7.76 77.83 7.76 89.20 7.76 88.60 11.42

5.84 80.09 5.84 63.48 5.84 72.21 5.84 71.93 12.32

3.91 60.62 3.91 48.20 3.91 54.78 3.91 54.53 13.93

2.00 37.61 2.00 30.35 2.00 34.27 2.00 34.08 17.06

0.07 16.13 0.07 13.56 0.07 15.21 0.07 14.97 206.07

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 28.1 22.6 25.6 25.4 2.3

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.8 6.8 7.8 7.8 0.8

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 70 97 122 97 21

Table B-30: 7 Day values for Mix J (NIST Code: SR-96)
B - 41

Figure B-28: 1 Day values for Mix J (NIST Code: SR-97)

Figure B-29: 3 Day values for Mix J (NIST Code: SR-97)

Figure B-30: 7 Day values for Mix J (NIST Code: SR-97)
B - 42

Mix K

NIST Code: SR-91

Run #1 (SR-91A) Run #2 (SR-91B) Run #3 (SR-91C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 19.29 0.07 18.45 0.07 18.18 0.07 18.64 255.66

2.68 44.90 2.68 43.52 2.68 40.89 2.68 43.10 16.09

5.29 71.63 5.29 70.65 5.29 64.37 5.29 68.88 13.02

7.90 94.34 7.90 92.68 7.90 84.83 7.90 90.61 11.47

10.54 117.04 10.54 114.42 10.54 104.68 10.54 112.05 10.63

13.10 138.47 13.10 135.55 13.10 124.44 13.10 132.82 10.14

15.73 157.26 15.73 156.11 15.73 142.60 15.73 151.99 9.66

18.37 178.31 18.29 175.39 18.29 160.81 18.32 171.50 9.36

20.93 196.12 20.93 195.03 20.93 176.95 20.93 189.36 9.05

23.56 216.37 23.56 214.59 23.56 194.06 23.56 208.34 8.84

26.12 233.98 26.12 230.83 26.12 209.30 26.12 224.70 8.60

28.76 250.77 28.76 247.82 28.76 225.29 28.76 241.29 8.39

31.39 267.51 31.39 266.02 31.39 242.55 31.39 258.69 8.24

33.95 285.42 33.95 280.67 33.95 257.45 33.95 274.52 8.09

36.59 301.87 36.59 299.22 36.59 269.59 36.59 290.23 7.93

36.59 307.92 36.59 305.26 36.59 279.09 36.59 297.42 8.13

34.68 293.91 34.68 289.92 34.68 265.02 34.68 282.95 8.16

32.78 275.73 32.71 275.76 32.71 249.40 32.73 266.96 8.16

30.80 262.89 30.80 262.58 30.80 238.59 30.80 254.69 8.27

28.90 251.89 28.90 250.74 28.90 225.38 28.90 242.67 8.40

27.00 236.59 27.00 234.04 27.00 212.73 27.00 227.79 8.44

25.02 220.38 25.02 215.92 25.02 199.61 25.02 211.97 8.47

23.12 208.19 23.12 203.75 23.12 190.51 23.12 200.82 8.69

21.22 197.41 21.22 192.96 21.22 177.78 21.22 189.38 8.92

19.32 181.01 19.32 176.56 19.32 162.48 19.32 173.35 8.97

17.34 166.97 17.34 162.53 17.34 149.49 17.34 159.66 9.21

15.44 153.31 15.44 147.51 15.44 138.25 15.44 146.36 9.48

13.54 139.05 13.54 133.37 13.54 125.18 13.54 132.53 9.79

11.63 122.22 11.63 119.01 11.63 110.57 11.63 117.26 10.08

9.66 106.31 9.66 103.15 9.66 96.35 9.66 101.94 10.55

7.76 90.67 7.76 87.52 7.76 82.21 7.76 86.80 11.19

5.84 73.68 5.84 71.33 5.84 67.15 5.84 70.72 12.11

3.91 55.71 3.91 54.24 3.91 51.11 3.91 53.69 13.71

2.00 35.45 2.00 34.36 2.00 32.51 2.00 34.11 17.07

0.07 16.05 0.07 15.74 0.07 14.88 0.07 15.56 213.82

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 27.6 24.7 25.2 25.9 1.3

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.8 7.8 7.0 7.5 0.4

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 79 110 52 80 24

Table B-31: 1 Day values for Mix K (NIST Code: SR-90)
B - 43

Mix K

NIST Code: SR-91

Run #1 (SR-91D) Run #2 (SR-91E) Run #3 (SR-91F) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 17.36 0.07 16.41 0.07 16.85 0.07 16.87 231.15

2.68 40.29 2.68 38.26 2.68 40.69 2.68 39.74 14.84

5.29 66.54 5.29 63.10 5.29 66.60 5.29 65.41 12.36

7.90 87.46 7.90 84.06 7.90 88.09 7.90 86.54 10.95

10.54 109.02 10.54 104.52 10.54 110.01 10.54 107.85 10.24

13.10 129.15 13.10 123.91 13.10 130.31 13.10 127.79 9.76

15.73 148.85 15.73 143.65 15.73 149.73 15.73 147.41 9.37

18.29 168.25 18.29 161.73 18.29 169.14 18.29 166.37 9.10

20.93 185.54 20.93 179.16 20.93 187.47 20.93 184.06 8.80

23.56 205.08 23.56 197.36 23.56 207.16 23.56 203.20 8.62

26.12 222.83 26.12 215.24 26.12 223.45 26.12 220.51 8.44

28.76 236.84 28.76 227.96 28.76 240.38 28.76 235.06 8.17

31.39 252.34 31.39 246.87 31.39 254.12 31.39 251.11 8.00

33.95 269.06 33.95 263.10 33.95 272.66 33.95 268.27 7.90

36.59 284.40 36.59 273.13 36.59 291.27 36.59 282.93 7.73

36.59 294.65 36.59 281.74 36.59 296.42 36.59 290.94 7.95

34.68 277.69 34.68 267.69 34.68 279.47 34.68 274.95 7.93

32.78 263.59 32.71 254.71 32.78 265.37 32.76 261.22 7.97

30.80 249.27 30.80 242.63 30.80 251.06 30.80 247.65 8.04

28.90 237.31 28.90 229.56 28.90 239.09 28.90 235.32 8.14

27.00 221.90 27.00 215.54 27.00 223.68 27.00 220.37 8.16

25.02 209.06 25.02 202.55 25.02 210.84 25.02 207.48 8.29

23.12 197.40 23.12 190.23 23.12 199.18 23.12 195.60 8.46

21.22 183.14 21.22 178.96 21.22 184.92 21.22 182.34 8.59

19.32 168.11 19.32 163.81 19.32 169.89 19.32 167.27 8.66

17.34 153.94 17.34 150.96 17.34 155.72 17.34 153.54 8.85

15.44 140.22 15.44 138.44 15.44 141.99 15.44 140.22 9.08

13.54 127.15 13.54 124.29 13.54 128.93 13.54 126.79 9.37

11.63 111.54 11.63 109.79 11.63 113.63 11.63 111.65 9.60

9.66 97.00 9.66 95.70 9.66 98.78 9.66 97.16 10.06

7.76 82.29 7.76 81.26 7.76 83.60 7.76 82.38 10.62

5.84 66.30 5.84 65.81 5.84 67.88 5.84 66.66 11.42

3.91 49.81 3.91 49.62 3.91 51.31 3.91 50.25 12.84

2.00 30.80 2.00 31.24 2.00 32.28 2.00 31.44 15.74

0.07 13.05 0.07 13.86 0.07 14.52 0.07 13.81 189.84

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 21.5 23.1 23.0 22.6 0.8

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.4 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 123 71 117 104 23

Table B-32: 3 Day values for Mix K (NIST Code: SR-90)
B - 44

Mix K

NIST Code: SR-91

Run #1 (SR-91G) Run #2 (SR-91H) Run #3 (SR-91I) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 16.19 0.07 16.01 0.07 16.17 0.07 16.12 221.13

2.68 39.59 2.68 39.38 2.68 38.95 2.68 39.31 14.68

5.29 66.28 5.29 64.44 5.29 64.77 5.29 65.16 12.32

7.90 87.76 7.90 85.73 7.90 86.00 7.90 86.49 10.95

10.54 108.37 10.54 105.93 10.54 106.13 10.54 106.81 10.14

13.10 129.60 13.10 125.51 13.10 125.87 13.10 126.99 9.70

15.73 148.85 15.73 144.25 15.73 146.18 15.73 146.43 9.31

18.29 169.17 18.29 164.70 18.29 165.59 18.29 166.49 9.10

20.93 187.76 20.93 181.98 20.93 182.87 20.93 184.21 8.80

23.56 205.97 23.56 200.33 23.56 202.42 23.56 202.90 8.61

26.12 225.09 26.12 215.38 26.12 218.79 26.12 219.75 8.41

28.76 241.87 28.76 231.22 28.76 234.48 28.76 235.86 8.20

31.39 258.60 31.39 249.84 31.39 254.46 31.39 254.30 8.10

33.95 274.70 33.95 262.79 33.95 267.28 33.95 268.26 7.90

36.59 287.94 36.59 274.90 36.59 282.63 36.59 281.82 7.70

36.59 299.07 36.59 283.51 36.59 292.88 36.59 291.82 7.98

34.68 280.87 34.68 269.47 34.68 277.45 34.68 275.93 7.96

32.71 268.03 32.71 259.14 32.71 260.64 32.71 262.60 8.03

30.80 257.24 30.80 245.78 30.80 248.75 30.80 250.59 8.13

28.90 240.58 28.90 230.45 28.90 231.94 28.90 234.33 8.11

27.00 226.66 27.00 216.43 27.00 219.41 27.00 220.83 8.18

25.02 214.41 25.02 203.44 25.02 207.01 25.02 208.29 8.32

23.12 200.96 23.12 193.07 23.12 192.90 23.12 195.64 8.46

21.22 186.70 21.22 178.67 21.22 181.63 21.22 182.33 8.59

19.32 171.67 19.32 163.37 19.32 168.11 19.32 167.72 8.68

17.34 158.97 17.34 151.85 17.34 153.94 17.34 154.92 8.93

15.44 143.95 15.44 139.33 15.44 140.22 15.44 141.16 9.14

13.54 129.81 13.54 125.42 13.54 127.15 13.54 127.46 9.42

11.63 115.25 11.63 110.96 11.63 111.44 11.63 112.55 9.67

9.66 99.66 9.66 96.42 9.66 96.85 9.66 97.64 10.11

7.76 84.08 7.76 81.67 7.76 82.23 7.76 82.66 10.66

5.84 67.92 5.84 66.28 5.84 66.73 5.84 66.98 11.47

3.91 50.93 3.91 49.96 3.91 50.24 3.91 50.38 12.87

2.00 31.69 2.00 31.23 2.00 31.48 2.00 31.47 15.75

0.07 13.35 0.07 13.51 0.07 13.78 0.07 13.55 186.34

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 22.7 22.9 22.2 22.6 0.3

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 7.6 7.2 7.4 7.4 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 58 91 83 77 14

Table B-33: 7 Day values for Mix K (NIST Code: SR-90)
B - 45

Figure B-31: 1 Day values for Mix K (NIST Code: SR-91)

Figure B-32: 3 Day values for Mix K (NIST Code: SR-91)

Figure B - 33: 7 Day values for Mix K (NIST Code: SR-91)
B - 46

Mix L

NIST Code: SR-101

Run #1 (SR-101A) Run #2 (SR-101B) Run #3 (SR-101C) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 22.60 0.07 21.02 0.07 20.87 0.07 21.50 294.87

2.68 51.31 2.68 48.95 2.68 47.29 2.68 49.18 18.37

5.29 82.48 5.29 76.94 5.29 74.26 5.29 77.89 14.72

7.90 108.27 7.90 100.49 7.90 97.77 7.90 102.18 12.93

10.54 132.68 10.54 122.06 10.54 120.62 10.54 125.12 11.87

13.10 156.59 13.10 144.42 13.10 140.87 13.10 147.29 11.25

15.73 177.71 15.73 164.50 15.73 161.43 15.73 167.88 10.67

18.37 202.10 18.37 185.44 18.29 180.73 18.34 189.42 10.33

20.93 222.55 20.93 205.64 20.93 200.36 20.93 209.52 10.01

23.56 240.08 23.56 224.65 23.56 219.92 23.56 228.22 9.69

26.12 257.61 26.12 238.11 26.12 237.54 26.12 244.42 9.36

28.76 278.65 28.76 255.24 28.76 251.33 28.76 261.74 9.10

31.39 296.30 31.39 273.74 31.39 265.42 31.39 278.49 8.87

33.95 312.17 33.95 289.83 33.95 285.38 33.95 295.79 8.71

36.59 331.73 36.59 302.99 36.59 298.56 36.59 311.09 8.50

36.59 344.35 36.59 319.06 36.59 307.92 36.59 323.77 8.85

34.68 326.37 34.68 302.36 34.68 292.59 34.68 307.10 8.85

32.71 307.20 32.71 281.73 32.71 278.43 32.71 289.12 8.84

30.80 290.55 30.80 270.00 30.80 265.26 30.80 275.27 8.94

28.90 277.52 28.90 256.67 28.90 251.00 28.90 261.73 9.06

27.00 259.55 27.00 239.26 27.00 235.70 27.00 244.83 9.07

25.02 244.35 25.02 227.15 25.02 221.53 25.02 231.01 9.23

23.12 230.45 23.12 212.42 23.12 210.04 23.12 217.64 9.41

21.22 212.01 21.22 196.49 21.22 192.65 21.22 200.39 9.44

19.32 194.21 19.32 183.09 19.32 179.08 19.32 185.46 9.60

17.34 180.32 17.34 169.07 17.34 166.40 17.34 171.93 9.91

15.44 165.51 15.44 154.20 15.44 150.18 15.44 156.63 10.15

13.54 150.06 13.54 139.94 13.54 137.23 13.54 142.41 10.52

11.63 132.51 11.63 122.90 11.63 121.12 11.63 125.51 10.79

9.66 114.60 9.66 107.42 9.66 105.21 9.66 109.08 11.29

7.76 97.80 7.76 91.73 7.76 89.79 7.76 93.10 12.00

5.84 79.69 5.84 74.57 5.84 73.23 5.84 75.83 12.99

3.91 60.43 3.91 56.56 3.91 55.90 3.91 57.63 14.72

2.00 38.22 2.00 35.91 2.00 35.61 2.00 36.58 18.31

0.07 17.65 0.07 16.42 0.07 16.84 0.07 16.97 233.32

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 27.2 26.3 26.7 26.7 0.4

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.7 8.0 7.8 8.2 0.4

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 222 177 177 192 21

Table B-34: 1 Day values for Mix L (NIST Code: SR-100)
B - 47

Mix L

NIST Code: SR-101

Run #1 (SR-101E) Run #2 (SR-101F) Run #3 (SR-101G) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 20.05 0.07 19.82 0.07 19.70 0.07 19.85 273.81

2.68 46.46 2.69 45.08 2.69 46.51 2.68 46.02 17.15

5.29 75.60 5.29 71.64 5.29 74.68 5.29 73.97 13.98

7.90 100.30 7.90 94.28 7.90 98.28 7.90 97.62 12.35

10.54 123.42 10.54 116.56 10.54 120.32 10.54 120.10 11.40

13.10 146.83 13.10 136.69 13.10 140.87 13.10 141.47 10.80

15.73 167.68 15.73 154.85 15.73 161.84 15.73 161.46 10.26

18.29 188.17 18.37 173.26 18.37 182.78 18.34 181.40 9.89

20.93 207.91 20.93 192.38 20.93 201.90 20.93 200.73 9.59

23.56 227.35 23.56 211.31 23.56 220.81 23.56 219.82 9.33

26.12 243.54 26.12 229.06 26.12 235.68 26.12 236.09 9.04

28.76 257.65 28.76 243.06 28.76 248.43 28.76 249.72 8.68

31.39 279.24 31.39 260.22 31.39 265.70 31.39 268.39 8.55

33.95 293.39 33.95 278.26 33.95 282.42 33.95 284.69 8.39

36.59 306.53 36.59 291.48 36.59 297.68 36.59 298.56 8.16

36.59 327.55 36.59 308.45 36.59 312.87 36.59 316.29 8.65

34.68 306.62 34.68 288.84 34.68 296.12 34.68 297.19 8.57

32.71 288.79 32.71 269.55 32.71 278.13 32.71 278.83 8.52

30.80 274.52 30.80 257.65 30.80 262.58 30.80 264.92 8.60

28.90 256.67 28.90 243.25 28.90 248.33 28.90 249.42 8.63

27.00 243.72 27.00 229.33 27.00 235.26 27.00 236.10 8.74

25.02 226.88 25.02 217.08 25.02 219.76 25.02 221.24 8.84

23.12 211.82 23.12 203.63 23.12 206.48 23.12 207.31 8.97

21.22 196.23 21.22 187.58 21.22 189.09 21.22 190.96 9.00

19.32 181.31 19.32 173.89 19.32 175.52 19.32 176.91 9.16

17.34 167.29 17.34 162.53 17.34 161.37 17.34 163.73 9.44

15.44 153.78 15.44 148.86 15.44 147.79 15.44 150.14 9.72

13.54 136.99 13.54 133.40 13.54 133.40 13.54 134.60 9.94

11.63 121.09 11.63 117.29 11.63 117.91 11.63 118.76 10.21

9.66 105.38 9.66 102.57 9.66 102.50 9.66 103.48 10.71

7.76 89.30 7.76 87.30 7.76 86.73 7.76 87.78 11.32

5.84 72.04 5.84 71.07 5.84 70.39 5.84 71.17 12.19

3.91 54.50 3.91 53.98 3.91 53.35 3.91 53.94 13.78

2.00 34.48 2.00 34.08 2.00 33.71 2.00 34.09 17.07

0.07 15.66 0.07 15.56 0.07 15.28 0.07 15.50 213.00

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 22.3 24.8 22.6 23.3 1.1

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.2 7.7 7.9 7.9 0.2

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 246 118 244 203 60

Table B-35: 3 Day values for Mix L (NIST Code: SR-100)
B - 48

Mix L

NIST Code: SR-101

Run #1 (SR-101I) Run #2 (SR-101J) Run #3 (SR-101K) Average

SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) SR (Ύ) SS (τ) Viscosity (η) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 22.08 0.07 19.55 0.07 22.09 0.07 21.24 292.50

2.68 48.97 2.68 50.26 2.68 52.02 2.68 50.42 18.83

5.29 77.55 5.29 81.94 5.29 83.08 5.29 80.86 15.28

7.90 102.73 7.90 109.58 7.90 109.72 7.90 107.34 13.58

10.54 125.97 10.54 136.41 10.54 135.19 10.54 132.52 12.58

13.10 147.71 13.10 160.77 13.10 159.62 13.10 156.03 11.91

15.73 170.22 15.73 183.45 15.73 183.31 15.73 179.00 11.38

18.29 192.02 18.29 207.76 18.37 205.66 18.32 201.81 11.02

20.93 210.57 20.93 227.33 20.93 228.25 20.93 222.05 10.61

23.56 231.23 23.56 248.12 23.56 249.62 23.56 242.99 10.31

26.12 250.11 26.12 265.46 26.12 265.46 26.12 260.34 9.97

28.76 263.85 28.76 286.37 28.76 284.88 28.76 278.37 9.68

31.39 285.34 31.39 307.02 31.39 304.19 31.39 298.85 9.52

33.95 302.63 33.95 322.25 33.95 321.36 33.95 315.42 9.29

36.59 316.91 36.59 339.69 36.59 338.81 36.59 331.81 9.07

36.59 333.74 36.59 352.31 36.59 351.42 36.59 345.82 9.45

34.68 315.68 34.68 335.92 34.68 333.49 34.68 328.36 9.47

32.71 296.51 32.78 317.83 32.71 316.97 32.73 310.43 9.48

30.80 279.87 30.80 301.30 30.80 301.60 30.80 294.26 9.55

28.90 264.42 28.90 288.27 28.90 284.97 28.90 279.22 9.66

27.00 247.85 27.00 266.80 27.00 267.12 27.00 260.59 9.65

25.02 230.45 25.02 251.75 25.02 250.59 25.02 244.26 9.76

23.12 217.16 23.12 234.61 23.12 234.90 23.12 228.89 9.90

21.22 205.19 21.22 219.45 21.22 220.08 21.22 214.90 10.13

19.32 185.90 19.32 202.05 19.32 201.16 19.32 196.37 10.17

17.34 172.00 17.34 184.20 17.34 183.31 17.34 179.83 10.37

15.44 157.05 15.44 169.53 15.44 168.64 15.44 165.07 10.69

13.54 141.71 13.54 152.76 13.54 151.88 13.54 148.79 10.99

11.63 125.60 11.63 135.33 11.63 133.40 11.63 131.45 11.30

9.66 109.31 9.66 116.81 9.66 116.37 9.66 114.16 11.82

7.76 92.76 7.76 98.44 7.76 98.36 7.76 96.52 12.44

5.84 75.14 5.84 80.05 5.84 79.82 5.84 78.34 13.42

3.91 56.86 3.91 60.42 3.91 60.23 3.91 59.17 15.11

2.00 35.93 2.00 37.71 2.00 37.76 2.00 37.13 18.59

0.07 16.33 0.07 16.57 0.07 16.84 0.07 16.58 228.80

Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 Avg. Std. Dev.

Yield Stress [Pa] 24.2 26.1 25.9 25.4 0.9

Viscosity (η) 

[Pa∙s] 8.4 9.0 9.0 8.8 0.3

R2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hysteresis 221 226 239 229 7

Table B-36: 7 Day values for Mix L (NIST Code: SR-100)
B - 49

Figure B - 35: 3 Day values for Mix L (NIST Code: SR-101)

Figure B - 36: 7 Day values for Mix L (NIST Code: SR-101)

Figure B-34: 1 Day values for Mix L (Lab Code: SR-101)
C - 1

Appendix C: 

Viscosity curves

This Appendix provides the viscosity curves (in log scale) for select mixes, and uses the 

same data as Appendix B for those respective mixes. The curves portray the viscosity of

the material at each shear rate, rather than the plastic viscosity found by Bingham 

approximation.

Notice only select mixes were considered for the generation of viscosity curves, as 

explained in Section 6. The viscosity curves shown in this appendix are those which were 

obtained when the rheometer was programmed to record data using a logarithmic scale 

rather than a linear scale. The log scale data were retrieved as an additional step for the 

selected mixes, and the certified values were in no way affected by this extra data retrieval.

Each mix was tested at 1, 3 and 7 days; therefore, three graphs for each selected mix are

shown in this appendix. The viscosity vs. shear rate data for all 3 days is presented prior to 

the three graphs for each mix. 
C - 2

SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 248.00 0.07 223.10 0.07 224.32 0.07 231.81

0.12 163.72 0.12 146.55 0.12 147.00 0.12 152.42

0.18 111.68 0.18 100.32 0.18 100.64 0.18 104.22

0.28 73.93 0.28 66.88 0.28 66.53 0.28 69.11

0.43 51.02 0.43 46.33 0.43 45.76 0.43 47.70

0.67 36.56 0.67 33.10 0.67 32.83 0.67 34.16

1.05 27.51 1.05 24.81 1.05 24.64 1.05 25.65

1.64 21.62 1.64 19.52 1.64 19.38 1.64 20.18

2.55 17.61 2.55 16.03 2.55 15.85 2.55 16.50

3.97 15.03 3.97 13.75 3.97 13.63 3.97 14.13

6.20 13.16 6.20 12.00 6.20 11.92 6.20 12.36

9.66 11.68 9.66 10.73 9.66 10.67 9.66 11.03

15.07 10.47 15.07 9.62 15.07 9.64 15.07 9.91

23.49 9.32 23.49 8.71 23.49 8.74 23.49 8.92

36.59 8.33 36.59 7.81 36.59 7.95 36.59 8.03

36.59 8.44 36.59 7.87 36.59 7.96 36.59 8.09

26.41 8.89 26.41 8.29 26.34 8.41 26.39 8.53

19.02 9.49 19.02 8.75 19.02 8.85 19.02 9.03

13.68 10.19 13.68 9.40 13.68 9.41 13.68 9.67

9.88 10.99 9.88 10.09 9.88 10.11 9.88 10.39

7.13 11.98 7.13 10.89 7.13 10.97 7.13 11.28

5.14 13.18 5.14 11.99 5.14 11.99 5.14 12.39

3.71 14.66 3.71 13.35 3.70 13.32 3.71 13.78

2.67 16.63 2.67 15.02 2.67 15.02 2.67 15.56

1.92 19.13 1.92 17.39 1.92 17.26 1.92 17.93

1.39 22.49 1.39 20.30 1.39 20.18 1.39 20.99

1.00 27.05 1.00 24.34 1.00 24.11 1.00 25.17

0.72 32.84 0.72 29.58 0.72 29.21 0.72 30.54

0.52 41.06 0.52 36.94 0.52 36.52 0.52 38.17

0.37 52.33 0.37 47.20 0.37 46.36 0.37 48.63

0.27 66.93 0.27 60.69 0.27 59.19 0.27 62.27

0.20 86.79 0.20 77.75 0.20 76.18 0.20 80.24

0.14 118.28 0.14 105.46 0.14 103.54 0.14 109.09

0.10 154.53 0.10 137.97 0.10 135.37 0.10 142.62

0.07 209.27 0.07 187.57 0.07 183.74 0.07 193.53

Mix B [SR-93]

Day 1 Day 3 Day 7 Average

Table C-1: Values measured for Mix B using log-scale data acquisition at 1, 3 & 7 days.

This data was used to form the viscosity curves of Mix B.
C - 3

Figure C-1: Viscosity curves for Mix B at (a) 1, (b) 3 and (c) 7 days.

(a)

(b)

(c) 
C - 4

SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 258.59 0.07 259.81 0.07 276.93 0.07 265.11

0.12 169.68 0.12 169.36 0.12 181.69 0.12 173.58

0.18 118.62 0.18 115.16 0.18 119.08 0.18 117.62

0.28 79.79 0.28 75.60 0.28 82.31 0.28 79.23

0.43 55.42 0.43 52.19 0.43 56.47 0.43 54.69

0.67 38.66 0.67 37.08 0.67 40.01 0.67 38.58

1.05 28.34 1.05 27.42 1.05 29.75 1.05 28.50

1.64 21.57 1.64 20.93 1.64 23.16 1.64 21.89

2.55 17.08 2.55 17.08 2.55 18.77 2.55 17.64

3.97 14.13 3.97 14.43 3.97 15.93 3.97 14.83

6.20 12.05 6.20 12.54 6.20 13.85 6.20 12.82

9.66 10.60 9.66 11.12 9.66 12.35 9.66 11.36

15.07 9.40 15.07 9.98 15.07 10.97 15.07 10.12

23.49 8.42 23.49 9.03 23.49 9.86 23.49 9.11

36.59 7.50 36.59 8.07 36.59 8.83 36.59 8.13

36.59 7.56 36.59 8.12 36.59 8.83 36.59 8.17

26.41 7.98 26.41 8.54 26.34 9.38 26.39 8.63

19.02 8.52 19.02 9.06 19.02 9.88 19.02 9.15

13.68 9.18 13.68 9.65 13.68 10.59 13.68 9.81

9.88 9.93 9.88 10.39 9.88 11.48 9.88 10.60

7.13 10.86 7.13 11.28 7.13 12.37 7.13 11.50

5.14 12.03 5.14 12.36 5.14 13.54 5.14 12.64

3.71 13.51 3.71 13.80 3.71 15.06 3.71 14.12

2.67 15.39 2.67 15.64 2.67 17.03 2.67 16.02

1.92 17.96 1.92 18.12 1.92 19.62 1.92 18.57

1.39 21.27 1.39 21.33 1.39 23.03 1.39 21.88

1.00 25.66 1.00 25.53 1.00 27.63 1.00 26.27

0.72 31.68 0.72 31.32 0.72 33.58 0.72 32.19

0.52 40.12 0.52 39.34 0.52 42.18 0.52 40.55

0.37 51.37 0.37 50.18 0.37 53.64 0.37 51.73

0.27 66.11 0.27 64.46 0.27 68.94 0.27 66.50

0.20 85.89 0.20 83.64 0.20 88.33 0.20 85.95

0.14 116.67 0.14 113.80 0.14 120.53 0.14 117.00

0.10 152.75 0.10 147.97 0.10 158.01 0.10 152.91

0.07 208.29 0.07 200.79 0.07 214.15 0.07 207.74

Day 1 Day 3 Day 7 Average

Mix H [SR-99]

Table C-2: Values measured for Mix H using log-scale data acquisition at 1, 3 & 7 days. 

This data was used to form the viscosity curves of Mix H.
C - 5

Figure C-2: Viscosity curves for Mix H at (a) 1, (b) 3 and (c) 7 days.

(a)

(b)

(c) 
C - 6

SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 241.63 0.07 226.36 0.07 211.91 0.07 226.63

0.12 159.62 0.12 148.29 0.12 139.13 0.12 149.01

0.18 108.95 0.18 100.25 0.18 94.86 0.18 101.35

0.28 71.88 0.28 66.86 0.28 63.34 0.28 67.36

0.43 49.85 0.43 46.76 0.43 44.35 0.43 46.99

0.67 35.87 0.67 33.65 0.67 31.77 0.67 33.76

1.05 26.68 1.05 25.05 1.05 23.82 1.05 25.18

1.64 20.65 1.64 19.40 1.64 18.49 1.64 19.51

2.55 16.70 2.55 16.12 2.55 15.07 2.55 15.96

3.97 14.11 3.97 13.71 3.97 12.74 3.97 13.52

6.20 12.18 6.20 12.04 6.20 11.07 6.20 11.76

9.66 10.81 9.66 10.72 9.66 9.84 9.66 10.45

15.07 9.66 15.07 9.65 15.07 8.89 15.07 9.40

23.49 8.70 23.49 8.85 23.49 8.05 23.49 8.53

36.59 7.86 36.59 7.95 36.59 7.24 36.59 7.68

36.59 7.93 36.59 7.99 36.59 7.25 36.59 7.72

26.34 8.34 26.41 8.42 26.34 7.71 26.37 8.16

19.02 8.86 19.02 8.89 19.02 8.13 19.02 8.63

13.68 9.48 13.68 9.49 13.68 8.67 13.68 9.21

9.88 10.19 9.88 10.19 9.88 9.31 9.88 9.90

7.13 11.07 7.13 11.06 7.13 10.08 7.13 10.74

5.14 12.17 5.14 12.11 5.14 11.07 5.14 11.78

3.70 13.62 3.71 13.49 3.70 12.30 3.70 13.14

2.67 15.43 2.67 15.24 2.67 13.94 2.67 14.87

1.92 17.89 1.92 17.64 1.92 16.08 1.92 17.20

1.39 21.11 1.39 20.65 1.39 18.86 1.39 20.21

1.00 25.31 1.00 24.74 1.00 22.60 1.00 24.21

0.72 30.81 0.72 30.07 0.72 27.55 0.72 29.48

0.52 38.75 0.52 37.72 0.52 34.63 0.52 37.03

0.37 49.46 0.37 48.16 0.37 44.46 0.37 47.36

0.27 63.65 0.27 61.51 0.27 56.71 0.27 60.63

0.20 81.81 0.20 78.65 0.20 73.51 0.20 77.99

0.14 111.23 0.14 107.07 0.14 99.04 0.14 105.78

0.10 146.27 0.10 139.27 0.10 129.72 0.10 138.42

0.07 198.31 0.07 188.61 0.07 176.43 0.07 187.79

Day 3 Day 7 Average

Mix I [SR-95]

Day 1

Table C-3: Values measured for Mix I using log-scale data acquisition at 1, 3 & 7 days. 

This data was used to form the viscosity curves of Mix I.
C - 7

Figure C-3: Viscosity curves for Mix I at (a) 1, (b) 3 and (c) 7 days.

(a)

(b)

(c) 
C - 8

SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 273.17 0.07 234.50 0.07 227.17 0.07 244.95

0.12 179.13 0.12 154.48 0.12 148.21 0.12 160.61

0.18 121.63 0.18 105.21 0.18 101.65 0.18 109.50

0.28 80.45 0.28 69.64 0.28 67.39 0.28 72.49

0.43 55.51 0.43 48.12 0.43 46.67 0.43 50.10

0.67 39.58 0.67 34.10 0.67 33.13 0.67 35.60

1.05 29.45 1.05 25.41 1.05 24.59 1.05 26.48

1.64 22.75 1.64 19.71 1.64 18.89 1.64 20.45

2.55 18.48 2.55 16.10 2.55 15.43 2.55 16.67

3.97 15.65 3.97 13.60 3.97 13.08 3.97 14.11

6.20 13.60 6.20 11.81 6.20 11.38 6.20 12.26

9.66 12.11 9.66 10.49 9.66 10.13 9.66 10.91

15.07 10.75 15.07 9.37 15.07 9.11 15.07 9.74

23.49 9.68 23.49 8.45 23.49 8.28 23.49 8.80

36.59 8.69 36.59 7.55 36.59 7.36 36.59 7.86

36.59 8.77 36.59 7.62 36.59 7.43 36.59 7.94

26.41 9.21 26.41 7.99 26.34 7.81 26.39 8.34

19.02 9.79 19.02 8.52 19.02 8.33 19.02 8.88

13.68 10.52 13.68 9.23 13.68 8.92 13.68 9.55

9.88 11.32 9.88 9.90 9.88 9.56 9.88 10.26

7.13 12.33 7.13 10.72 7.13 10.40 7.13 11.15

5.14 13.58 5.14 11.80 5.14 11.43 5.14 12.27

3.71 15.16 3.71 13.16 3.71 12.74 3.71 13.69

2.67 17.23 2.67 14.96 2.67 14.46 2.67 15.55

1.92 20.10 1.92 17.33 1.92 16.76 1.92 18.06

1.39 23.60 1.39 20.37 1.39 19.66 1.39 21.21

1.00 28.29 1.00 24.47 1.00 23.53 1.00 25.43

0.72 34.70 0.72 29.90 0.72 28.85 0.72 31.15

0.52 43.54 0.52 37.46 0.52 36.35 0.52 39.11

0.37 55.81 0.37 47.92 0.37 46.48 0.37 50.07

0.27 71.73 0.27 61.50 0.27 59.34 0.27 64.19

0.20 91.94 0.20 79.58 0.20 76.87 0.20 82.80

0.14 125.98 0.14 107.70 0.14 104.49 0.14 112.72

0.10 164.52 0.10 140.58 0.10 138.02 0.10 147.70

0.07 222.88 0.07 191.23 0.07 187.35 0.07 200.48

Day 1 Day 3 Day 7 Average

Mix J [SR-97]

Table C-4: Values measured for Mix J using log-scale data acquisition at 1, 3 & 7 days. 

This data was used to form the viscosity curves of Mix J.
C - 9

Figure C-4: Viscosity curves for Mix J at (a) 1, (b) 3 and (c) 7 days.

(a)

(b)

(c) 
C - 10

SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] SR (Ύ) Visc. (μ) [Pa∙s] 

0.07 265.68 0.07 274.99 0.07 264.05 0.07 268.24

0.12 173.72 0.12 180.45 0.12 173.00 0.12 175.72

0.18 119.49 0.18 122.85 0.18 118.09 0.18 120.14

0.28 78.96 0.28 81.20 0.28 77.76 0.28 79.31

0.43 54.48 0.43 56.43 0.43 53.93 0.43 54.94

0.67 38.21 0.67 40.62 0.67 38.61 0.67 39.15

1.05 28.39 1.05 30.29 1.05 28.45 1.05 29.04

1.64 21.65 1.64 23.53 1.64 21.80 1.64 22.33

2.55 17.32 2.55 19.26 2.55 18.00 2.55 18.19

3.97 14.57 3.97 16.26 3.97 15.29 3.97 15.37

6.20 12.51 6.20 14.20 6.20 13.29 6.20 13.33

9.66 10.98 9.66 12.61 9.66 11.80 9.66 11.80

15.07 9.78 15.07 11.41 15.07 10.69 15.07 10.63

23.49 8.75 23.49 10.28 23.49 9.74 23.49 9.59

36.59 7.81 36.59 9.26 36.59 8.78 36.59 8.62

36.59 7.91 36.59 9.32 36.59 8.81 36.59 8.68

26.41 8.33 26.34 9.80 26.34 9.29 26.37 9.14

19.02 8.90 19.02 10.30 19.02 9.71 19.02 9.64

13.68 9.52 13.68 11.05 13.68 10.45 13.68 10.34

9.88 10.32 9.88 11.82 9.88 11.22 9.88 11.12

7.13 11.27 7.13 12.79 7.13 12.10 7.13 12.05

5.14 12.48 5.14 14.06 5.14 13.27 5.14 13.27

3.71 13.95 3.70 15.64 3.71 14.74 3.71 14.78

2.67 15.91 2.67 17.62 2.67 16.66 2.67 16.73

1.92 18.51 1.92 20.25 1.92 19.23 1.92 19.33

1.39 21.91 1.39 23.74 1.39 22.58 1.39 22.74

1.00 26.52 1.00 28.38 1.00 27.09 1.00 27.33

0.72 32.54 0.72 34.44 0.72 33.03 0.72 33.34

0.52 41.15 0.52 43.21 0.52 41.40 0.52 41.92

0.37 52.94 0.37 54.71 0.37 52.81 0.37 53.49

0.27 67.92 0.27 70.25 0.27 67.77 0.27 68.65

0.20 88.15 0.20 90.61 0.20 87.46 0.20 88.74

0.14 120.21 0.14 122.12 0.14 118.92 0.14 120.42

0.10 156.67 0.10 160.65 0.10 155.39 0.10 157.57

0.07 212.97 0.07 218.15 0.07 210.69 0.07 213.93

Day 1 Day 3 Day 7 Average

Mix L [SR-101]

Table C-5: Values measured for Mix L using log-scale data acquisition at 1, 3 & 7 days. 

This data was used to form the viscosity curves of Mix L.
C - 11

Figure C-5: Viscosity curves for Mix L at (a) 1, (b) 3 and (c) 7 days.

(a)

(b)

(c) 
D- 1

Appendix D: 

Viscosity Curve Certified and 

Reference Values

The tables in this appendix provide the statistical results of the viscosity curve analysis for 

select mixes (See appendix C). As in Appendix C, these curves portray the viscosity of the 

material at each shear rate, rather than the plastic viscosity found by Bingham 

approximation. 

The values associated with sample ages for which measurements were made (i.e. 1 d, 3 d 

and 7 d) are considered to be certified values. The values for the other sample ages (i.e. 2 

d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d) are considered to be reference values. However, all values were predicted 

from the same statistical models describing the relationship between shear rate and 

viscosity.
D- 2

Table D-1: Certified Values for Samples at an Age of 1 d

Shear Rate

1/s

Viscosity

Pa∙s

Viscosity 

Standard 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

Coverage Factor 

(95% Confidence)

1.000

Viscosity 

Expanded 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

0.100 168.527 11.924 2.015 24.024

0.103 163.838 11.734 2.035 23.877

0.107 159.082 11.595 2.027 23.502

0.110 154.122 11.100 2.003 22.228

0.114 149.277 10.891 2.010 21.895

0.119 144.355 10.569 2.022 21.367

0.123 139.263 10.168 2.032 20.661

0.129 134.355 9.843 2.052 20.198

0.134 129.328 9.458 2.022 19.124

0.140 124.294 8.993 2.043 18.374

0.147 119.303 8.653 2.031 17.571

0.154 114.252 8.293 2.023 16.780

0.162 109.060 7.965 2.042 16.265

0.171 103.957 7.549 2.032 15.343

0.181 98.739 7.162 2.032 14.551

0.192 93.497 6.794 2.014 13.685

0.205 88.390 6.428 2.011 12.929

0.219 83.193 6.054 2.021 12.234

0.235 78.004 5.660 2.024 11.457

0.255 72.871 5.345 2.025 10.827

0.277 67.720 4.904 2.013 9.870

0.305 62.549 4.536 2.029 9.203

0.338 57.373 4.157 2.026 8.421

0.379 52.333 3.731 2.027 7.564

0.431 47.235 3.326 2.040 6.783

0.500 42.127 2.946 2.057 6.060

0.596 37.011 2.536 2.058 5.219

0.737 31.881 2.139 2.023 4.326

0.966 26.782 1.730 2.076 3.592

1.402 21.659 1.357 2.069 2.808

2.550 16.554 1.104 2.055 2.268

5.000 13.353 0.944 2.050 1.936

10.000 10.966 0.777 2.049 1.591

15.000 9.972 0.722 2.038 1.471

20.000 9.349 0.676 2.045 1.382

25.000 8.925 0.655 2.042 1.338

30.000 8.601 0.620 2.023 1.255

35.000 8.354 0.617 2.056 1.268
D- 3

Table D-2: Reference Values for Samples at an Age of 2 d

Shear Rate

1/s

Viscosity

Pa∙s

Viscosity 

Standard 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

Coverage Factor 

(95% Confidence)

1.000

Viscosity 

Expanded 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

0.100 166.603 11.927 2.032 24.238

0.103 161.871 11.616 2.031 23.587

0.107 157.618 11.450 2.016 23.081

0.110 152.548 11.065 2.013 22.270

0.114 147.772 10.819 2.031 21.970

0.119 142.790 10.463 2.013 21.063

0.123 137.920 10.047 2.019 20.283

0.129 133.031 9.795 2.024 19.826

0.134 127.990 9.404 2.029 19.076

0.140 123.006 9.034 2.049 18.514

0.147 118.075 8.619 2.056 17.716

0.154 113.019 8.268 2.043 16.892

0.162 107.912 7.959 2.038 16.220

0.171 102.809 7.482 2.037 15.242

0.181 97.700 7.200 2.037 14.668

0.192 92.525 6.724 2.016 13.554

0.205 87.492 6.486 2.029 13.156

0.219 82.256 6.017 2.029 12.209

0.235 77.159 5.690 2.024 11.516

0.255 72.169 5.275 2.017 10.642

0.277 67.036 4.879 2.029 9.900

0.305 61.977 4.534 2.025 9.181

0.338 56.924 4.126 2.019 8.330

0.379 51.800 3.743 2.016 7.545

0.431 46.754 3.384 2.009 6.797

0.500 41.710 2.940 2.039 5.994

0.596 36.691 2.530 2.036 5.151

0.737 31.634 2.140 2.064 4.416

0.966 26.603 1.729 2.052 3.546

1.402 21.538 1.357 2.071 2.811

2.550 16.496 1.092 2.040 2.228

5.000 13.348 0.938 2.059 1.930

10.000 10.981 0.776 2.046 1.588

15.000 9.997 0.713 2.039 1.455

20.000 9.371 0.682 2.048 1.397

25.000 8.956 0.645 2.040 1.317

30.000 8.624 0.623 2.049 1.276

35.000 8.383 0.610 2.046 1.247
D- 4

Table D-3: Certified Value for Samples at an Age of 3 d

Shear Rate

1/s

Viscosity

Pa∙s

Viscosity 

Standard 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

Coverage Factor 

(95% Confidence)

1.000

Viscosity 

Expanded 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

0.100 164.967 11.933 2.011 23.995

0.103 160.319 11.475 2.027 23.258

0.107 155.767 11.355 2.004 22.758

0.110 150.844 10.979 2.013 22.102

0.114 146.085 10.817 2.020 21.851

0.119 141.245 10.509 2.037 21.412

0.123 136.273 10.174 2.025 20.603

0.129 131.649 9.702 2.041 19.798

0.134 126.632 9.453 2.047 19.347

0.140 121.713 9.042 2.044 18.478

0.147 116.715 8.631 2.031 17.527

0.154 111.808 8.231 2.048 16.854

0.162 106.675 7.877 2.032 16.006

0.171 101.709 7.541 2.028 15.294

0.181 96.699 7.199 2.028 14.597

0.192 91.558 6.698 2.026 13.572

0.205 86.586 6.386 2.038 13.011

0.219 81.426 6.068 2.042 12.391

0.235 76.356 5.609 2.035 11.417

0.255 71.390 5.274 2.021 10.657

0.277 66.370 4.854 2.019 9.801

0.305 61.330 4.497 2.027 9.116

0.338 56.339 4.113 2.017 8.299

0.379 51.337 3.723 2.019 7.518

0.431 46.342 3.333 2.026 6.752

0.500 41.343 2.969 2.035 6.041

0.596 36.361 2.525 2.031 5.130

0.737 31.384 2.133 2.027 4.324

0.966 26.409 1.720 2.051 3.528

1.402 21.411 1.362 2.067 2.814

2.550 16.428 1.070 2.047 2.191

5.000 13.315 0.924 2.059 1.902

10.000 10.993 0.765 2.041 1.561

15.000 10.012 0.714 2.054 1.467

20.000 9.403 0.680 2.042 1.389

25.000 8.985 0.649 2.039 1.322

30.000 8.659 0.628 2.043 1.284

35.000 8.422 0.615 2.047 1.258
D- 5

Table D-4: Reference Values for Samples at an Age of 4 d

Shear Rate

1/s

Viscosity

Pa∙s

Viscosity 

Standard 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

Coverage Factor 

(95% Confidence)

1.000

Viscosity 

Expanded 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

0.1000 163.0821 11.8218 2.0345 24.0510

0.1032 158.4471 11.5844 2.0075 23.2552

0.1065 154.0894 11.4604 2.0417 23.3982

0.1103 149.3031 11.0238 2.0200 22.2685

0.1143 144.4133 10.7745 2.0269 21.8385

0.1187 139.6814 10.5158 2.0445 21.4997

0.1234 134.8451 10.1903 2.0394 20.7820

0.1285 130.0087 9.7303 2.0402 19.8516

0.1341 125.1284 9.4205 2.0385 19.2039

0.1401 120.4082 9.0122 2.0343 18.3339

0.1467 115.4065 8.6446 2.0417 17.6493

0.1539 110.5026 8.2081 2.0275 16.6418

0.1619 105.6063 7.9176 2.0390 16.1443

0.1709 100.5740 7.5487 2.0269 15.3005

0.1808 95.5844 7.1098 2.0334 14.4570

0.1919 90.5623 6.7396 2.0321 13.6955

0.2045 85.6299 6.3052 2.0435 12.8846

0.2189 80.5662 6.0081 2.0220 12.1484

0.2355 75.6022 5.6686 2.0288 11.5006

0.2547 70.6604 5.2661 2.0402 10.7437

0.2774 65.6387 4.8871 2.0232 9.8876

0.3046 60.7592 4.5402 2.0152 9.1497

0.3376 55.7926 4.0776 2.0357 8.3007

0.3787 50.8628 3.7702 2.0160 7.6006

0.4311 45.9177 3.3183 2.0229 6.7125

0.5004 40.9998 2.9376 2.0440 6.0044

0.5962 36.0336 2.5413 2.0346 5.1705

0.7375 31.1489 2.1401 2.0492 4.3854

0.9665 26.2159 1.7240 2.0542 3.5416

1.4016 21.2571 1.3418 2.0747 2.7838

2.5496 16.3623 1.0935 2.0645 2.2576

5.0000 13.3131 0.9283 2.0510 1.9039

10.0000 11.0018 0.7786 2.0471 1.5938

15.0000 10.0377 0.7039 2.0528 1.4449

20.0000 9.4316 0.6762 2.0605 1.3932

25.0000 9.0242 0.6532 2.0362 1.3300

30.0000 8.6960 0.6263 2.0516 1.2849

35.0000 8.4582 0.6147 2.0351 1.2510
D- 6

Table D-5: Reference Values for Samples at an Age of 5 d

Shear Rate

1/s

Viscosity

Pa∙s

Viscosity 

Standard 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

Coverage Factor 

(95% Confidence)

1.000

Viscosity 

Expanded 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

0.100 161.248 11.919 2.023 24.109

0.103 156.813 11.696 2.021 23.642

0.107 152.271 11.479 2.034 23.349

0.110 147.644 11.090 2.009 22.278

0.114 142.944 10.746 2.033 21.845

0.119 138.146 10.481 2.020 21.167

0.123 133.337 10.163 2.037 20.703

0.129 128.732 9.759 2.022 19.735

0.134 123.716 9.395 2.030 19.075

0.140 118.990 8.931 2.037 18.193

0.147 114.157 8.740 2.037 17.807

0.154 109.345 8.230 2.029 16.702

0.162 104.381 7.932 2.036 16.152

0.171 99.486 7.494 2.023 15.162

0.181 94.566 7.160 2.033 14.560

0.192 89.708 6.719 2.044 13.731

0.205 84.744 6.445 2.039 13.142

0.219 79.741 6.055 2.031 12.294

0.235 74.833 5.670 2.023 11.468

0.255 69.901 5.285 2.016 10.654

0.277 65.090 4.881 2.008 9.802

0.305 60.091 4.485 2.008 9.006

0.338 55.240 4.137 2.032 8.407

0.379 50.342 3.712 2.039 7.569

0.431 45.480 3.348 2.040 6.829

0.500 40.620 2.931 2.045 5.993

0.596 35.738 2.532 2.040 5.164

0.737 30.873 2.110 2.048 4.323

0.966 26.024 1.734 2.052 3.557

1.402 21.150 1.361 2.091 2.847

2.550 16.307 1.088 2.050 2.231

5.000 13.290 0.930 2.050 1.907

10.000 11.003 0.776 2.074 1.609

15.000 10.053 0.717 2.058 1.476

20.000 9.454 0.682 2.059 1.404

25.000 9.049 0.652 2.040 1.330

30.000 8.720 0.625 2.055 1.284

35.000 8.490 0.612 2.020 1.237
D- 7

Table D-6: Reference Values for Samples at an Age of 6 d

Shear Rate

1/s

Viscosity

Pa∙s

Viscosity 

Standard 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

Coverage Factor 

(95% Confidence)

1.000

Viscosity 

Expanded 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

0.100 159.498 11.984 2.023 24.238

0.103 155.021 11.693 2.039 23.845

0.107 150.612 11.396 2.022 23.046

0.110 145.979 10.981 2.022 22.207

0.114 141.379 10.845 2.016 21.866

0.119 136.665 10.497 2.039 21.404

0.123 131.899 10.189 2.034 20.725

0.129 127.277 9.721 2.051 19.935

0.134 122.516 9.513 2.030 19.312

0.140 117.715 9.091 2.039 18.541

0.147 112.997 8.648 2.026 17.519

0.154 108.074 8.332 2.058 17.149

0.162 103.286 7.922 2.035 16.125

0.171 98.362 7.484 2.034 15.222

0.181 93.455 7.119 2.032 14.466

0.192 88.588 6.792 2.033 13.808

0.205 83.717 6.454 2.035 13.136

0.219 78.848 6.059 2.018 12.226

0.235 74.041 5.722 2.012 11.511

0.255 69.160 5.297 2.038 10.795

0.277 64.363 4.853 2.020 9.802

0.305 59.573 4.543 2.035 9.246

0.338 54.725 4.119 2.009 8.277

0.379 49.832 3.776 2.014 7.604

0.431 45.078 3.339 2.016 6.731

0.500 40.258 2.963 2.023 5.995

0.596 35.440 2.539 2.030 5.154

0.737 30.637 2.124 2.024 4.298

0.966 25.828 1.727 2.037 3.519

1.402 21.023 1.372 2.063 2.832

2.550 16.236 1.094 2.056 2.249

5.000 13.265 0.934 2.034 1.899

10.000 11.026 0.784 2.057 1.612

15.000 10.071 0.722 2.058 1.486

20.000 9.482 0.684 2.040 1.395

25.000 9.078 0.657 2.050 1.347

30.000 8.754 0.631 2.044 1.289

35.000 8.522 0.618 2.059 1.273
D- 8

Table D-7: Certified Values for Samples at an Age of 7 d

Shear Rate

1/s

Viscosity

Pa∙s

Viscosity 

Standard 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

Coverage Factor 

(95% Confidence)

1.000

Viscosity 

Expanded 

Uncertainty

Pa∙s

0.100 157.841 12.043 2.011 24.221

0.103 153.249 11.682 2.025 23.659

0.107 148.870 11.540 2.029 23.418

0.110 144.284 11.068 2.010 22.246

0.114 139.791 10.887 2.011 21.888

0.119 135.040 10.512 2.011 21.144

0.123 130.382 10.089 2.014 20.325

0.129 125.832 9.968 2.016 20.095

0.134 121.049 9.520 2.034 19.366

0.140 116.447 9.092 2.018 18.350

0.147 111.688 8.741 2.034 17.779

0.154 106.895 8.334 2.022 16.855

0.162 102.161 7.974 2.032 16.203

0.171 97.312 7.590 2.011 15.264

0.181 92.469 7.190 2.035 14.631

0.192 87.671 6.849 2.036 13.946

0.205 82.793 6.442 2.034 13.104

0.219 78.028 6.078 2.030 12.335

0.235 73.183 5.713 2.024 11.564

0.255 68.460 5.284 2.023 10.692

0.277 63.689 4.888 2.043 9.984

0.305 58.860 4.516 2.024 9.142

0.338 54.159 4.138 2.019 8.353

0.379 49.409 3.763 2.028 7.631

0.431 44.646 3.362 2.045 6.878

0.500 39.900 2.950 2.020 5.961

0.596 35.121 2.564 2.044 5.239

0.737 30.350 2.139 2.051 4.386

0.966 25.634 1.730 2.063 3.570

1.402 20.873 1.374 2.055 2.823

2.550 16.185 1.090 2.066 2.252

5.000 13.252 0.938 2.037 1.911

10.000 11.032 0.789 2.052 1.619

15.000 10.103 0.720 2.040 1.468

20.000 9.514 0.688 2.029 1.396

25.000 9.105 0.650 2.045 1.330

30.000 8.793 0.629 2.054 1.292

35.000 8.553 0.624 2.055 1.283