This article is part of the Coal Issuesportal on SourceWatch, a project of CoalSwarm (http://coalswarm.org/) and the Center for Media and Democracy (http://www.prwatch.org) . 

### From SourceWatch

To see a nationwide list of over 600 coal plants in the United States, click here . To see a listing of coal plants in a particular state, click on the map:

This page provides information on existingU.S. coal-fired power plants. For a list of proposed coal plants and coal plants that are under construction, click here

.



## Contents
1 Overview 2 U.S. Coal-Fired Power Production in the Global Context 3 Stagnant Capacity, Growing Output 4 State-by-State Capacity and Output 5 Ownership of Existing U.S. Coal-Fired Generating Stations 6 Cost of Electricity from Existing Coal Plants 7 External Costs of Existing Coal Plants 8 Impact of Climate Change Legislation on Existing U.S. Coal Plants 9 Retrofitting Existing Coal Plants for Carbon Capture 10 SO 2 Pollution and Pollution Controls 11 Oldest existing coal plants 12 Plant Retirements 12.1 Howard Down Generating Station 12.2 Georgia Power plans to retire Harlee Branch units 1 and 2 by 2013 12.3 2010: Dominion proposes closing North Branch Station for approval of new natural gas plant 12.4 Dominion's Salem and State Line Plants 12.5 University of Illinois Abbott Power Plant 12.6 Richard H. Gorsuch Generating Station 12.7 Boardman Plant 12.8 Duke ordered to shut down three coal-fired units in Indiana 12.9 S.D. Warren Muskegon Power Plant 12.10 Will County and Waukegan in Illinois 12.11 Mohave Generating Station 12.12 Arapahoe Station and Cameo Station 12.13 Units at Cherokee and Valmont Generating Stations 12.14 TVA considering shutting down some aging coal plants 12.15 Closure Planned for W.N. Clark Station 12.16 Crystal River to close by 2020, replaced by nuclear plant 12.17 Progress Energy announces plan to close Lee coal plant 12.18 Progress Energy to shut four N.C. coal plants 12.19 Exelon to shut coal plants in Pennsylvania 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

1 of 2212.20 Alliant to close coal boilers at six sites 13 2010 Report: New EPA regulations could make old coal plants prohibitively expensive 14 Resources 14.1 References 14.2 Related SourceWatch Resources 14.3 External Links 

## Overview In 2005, the Energy Information Administration's inventory of coal plants - which includes virtually all coal plants over 5 MW,and many below that size - listed 614 coal-fired power plants in the U.S. These coal plants had a total of 1,522 coal-fired generating units (many plants have multiple units), and a total of 335,831 MW (Megawatts) of production capacity. [1] Given total U.S. electric capacity of 1,075,677 MW, coal provided 31.2% of U.S. electric capacity in 2005 – second only to natural gas (41.2%) in the share of U.S. power capacity, and far ahead of nuclear (9.8%), hydroelectric (7.2%), oil (6.0%), or renewables (2.5%). [2] That said, for many years - due to low cost and reliable production of coal, and the frequently unstable cost of natural gas - coal plants have been used more heavily than other power plants, and the amount of power produced from coal grew from 1,594,011 Gigawatt-hours (Gwh) in 1990 to 1,994,305 Gwh in 2008. In 2005, coal provided 48.5% of U.S. electricity - far higher than coal's 31.2% share of electric generating capacity- due to coal plants being run at higher capacity rates. However, in recent years - partly because of increased investment in renewables, partly because aging coal plants are increasingly being taken offline, and partly because the growing anti-coal movement is preventing many new plants from being built - the share of coal i n U.S. power generation has dropped: in 2004, coal's share of electricity production fell below 50% for the first time since 1979. (At its m ost recent peak, in 1988, coal power plants produced 57.0% of U.S. power. For more information on coal plant capacity and generation, click here .) [3][4] 

## U.S. Coal-Fired Power Production in the Global Context In 2008, the U.S. produced approximately 2,133,000 GWh (gigawatt hours) of electricity from coal (one GWh is the amount of powe r produced by a 1,000 MW power plant running for one hour), accounting for about a quarter of the world's coal-fired electricity: [5]

Country 2008 Coal Power Prod. % of World Total

China 2,733,000 GWh 33.1% U.S.A. 2,133,000 GWh 25.8% India 569,000 GWh 6.9% Germany 291,000 GWh 3.5%

Japan 288,000 GWh 3.5% South Africa 241,000 GWh 2.9%

Australia 198,000 GWh 2.4%

Russia 197,000 GWh 2.4% Korea 192,000 GWh 2.3% Poland 143,000 GWh 1.7% All Other Countries 1,278,000 GWh 15.6% World Total 8,263,000 GWh 100%

In 2004, U.S. coal-fired power plants produced 2,154.6 million tons of CO2 – 35.8% of total U.S. CO 2 emissions, and 8.0% of total world CO 2 emissions. To put this in perspective, U.S. coal-fired power plants produced more CO 2 in 2004 than was emitted by all sources in all of Africa, South America, and Central America combined. [6] 

## Stagnant Capacity, Growing Output From 1990 to 2007, the net capacity of the U.S. coal-fired power plant fleet remained virtually unchanged, increasing by only 7 ,617 megawatts (MW) or 2.5% during the entire 17-year period. The output of these plants, however, increased from 1,594,011 Gigawatt hours (Gw h) in 1990 to 2,020,572 Gwh in 2007, a 27% increase. This means that although the existing fleet was not growing in size, plants were being r un more intensively. 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

2 of 22This is reflected in the average capacity factor of the fleet, which rose from 60% to 74% from 1990 to 2007. (Capacity factor refers to the ratio of the actual output of a plant to the theoretical maximum output if the plant ran continuously.) Table 1: Coal-fired power plant capacity and generation [7][8]
Year Net Summer Capacity (Megawatts) Generation (Gigawatt hours) Capacity Factor 1950 N/A 154,520 N/A 1960 N/A 403,067 N/A 1970 N/A 704,394 N/A 1980 N/A 1,161,562 N/A 1990 302,296 1,594,011 60% 2000 310,198 1,966,265 72% 2005 309,000 2,013,179 74% 2007 309,913 2,020,572 74%



## State-by-State Capacity and Output Here's a sortable table of U.S. states, ranked by the total amount of electricity each state produced from coal in 2005. To sort the table, click on a column header. [1]

Rank State # of Plants Total Capacity (MW) 2005 Power Prod. (GWh)
1 Texas 20 21,238 148,759 2 Ohio 35 23,823 137,457 3 Indiana 31 21,551 123,985 4 Pennsylvania 40 20,475 122,093 5 Illinois 32 17,565 92,772 6 Kentucky 21 16,510 92,613 7 West Virginia 19 15,372 91,601 8 Georgia 16 14,594 87,624 9 North Carolina 25 13,279 78,854 10 Missouri 24 11,810 77,714 11 Michigan 33 12,891 71,871 12 Alabama 11 12,684 70,144 13 Florida 15 11,382 66,378 14 Tennessee 13 10,290 59,264 15 Wyoming 10 6,168 43,421 16 Wisconsin 28 7,116 41,675 17 Arizona 7 5,861 40,730 18 South Carolina 16 6,469 40,545 19 Oklahoma 7 5,720 36,446 20 Utah 8 5,080 36,008 21 Colorado 15 5,309 35,671 22 Virginia 22 6,208 35,099 23 Iowa 28 6,506 34,729 24 Kansas 8 5,472 34,595 25 Minnesota 21 5,670 34,336 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

3 of 2226 New Mexico 4 4,382 29,990 27 North Dakota 10 4,246 29,813 28 Maryland 9 5,236 29,782 29 Arkansas 3 3,958 23,356 30 Louisiana 4 3,764 23,190 31 New York 18 4,273 22,018 32 Nebraska 8 3,194 20,175 33 Nevada 3 2,769 18,412 34 Montana 4 2,536 17,844 35 Mississippi 5 2,696 16,661 36 Massachusetts 6 1,776 12,095 37 New Jersey 7 2,237 12,090 38 Washington 1 1,460 10,483 39 Delaware 4 1,082 5,185 40 New Hampshire 2 609 4,097 41 Connecticut 2 614 3,995 42 Oregon 1 601 3,588 43 California 8 439 3,024 44 South Dakota 2 481 2,999 45 Hawaii 1 203 1,548 46 Maine 1 103 754 47 Alaska 5 118 650 48 Idaho 2 19 51 49 Rhode Island 0 0 0 50 Vermont 0 0 0

The median family income of the top 15 coal-producing states was $44,922 in 2006 ($3,529 below the U.S. median); the median fam ily income of the bottom 15 coal-producing states was $52,833 ($4,382 above the U.S. median). Here's a breakdown of existing U.S. coal-fired generating units by size: [1]
Unit Size # of Units Total Capacity 0-10 MW 37 192 MW 10-20 MW 25 345 MW 20-50 MW 75 2,427 MW 50-100 MW 73 5,269 MW 100-250 MW 85 14,000 MW 250-500 MW 97 34,396 MW 500-750 MW 69 42,655 MW 750-1,000 MW 28 23,612 MW 1,000-1,500 MW 59 72,366 MW 1,500-2,000 MW 38 66,657 MW Over 2,000 MW 29 73,920 MW

Thus, the 29 plants that are larger than 2,000 MW have a greater generating capacity than the 392 plants that are smaller than 500 MW. Here's a breakdown of existing U.S. coal-fired generating units(not overall plants) by age: [9] 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

4 of 22Years Built # of Units Total Capacity (MW) 2005-2009 21 6,785 2000-2004 13 1,382 1995-1999 24 4,372 1990-1994 67 8,638 1985-1989 102 23,734 1980-1984 117 56,105 1975-1979 125 55,879 1970-1974 137 66,466 1965-1969 158 41,656 1960-1964 157 25,310 1955-1959 209 28,883 1950-1954 213 17,518 1940-1949 93 2,583 1930-1939 20 132 1920-1929 10 69

Total 1,466 339,509
The median existing U.S. coal-fired generating station was built in January 1966. 

## Ownership of Existing U.S. Coal-Fired Generating Stations In 2005, there were 1,522 coal-fired generating units in the U.S., with 335,891 MW of capacity. The following companies (with their current subsidiaries) were the top producers of coal-fired electricity in the U.S. in 2005: [1][10]

Rank Company/Entity Number of Coal Plants (2005) Total Coal Capacity (2005) Total Coal Power Prod.

(2005) Total Coal SO 2Emissions (2005) Coal SO 2 Emissions Rate (lb/MWh) 2008 Revenue

1 American Electric Power 23 27,636 MW 167,422 GWh 1,043,582 tons 12.47 $13.33 billion 2 Southern Company 22 26,610 MW 163,360 GWh 1,090,967 tons 13.36 $17.00 billion 3 Duke Energy 20 18,585 MW 111,571 GWh 839,361 tons 15.05 $12.93 billion 4 Tennessee Valley Authority 12 17,647 MW 98,919 GWh 461,016 tons 9.32 $9.11 billion 5 Ameren 11 10,719 MW 67,477 GWh 302,285 tons 8.96 $7.67 billion 6 MidAmerican Energy 12 10,282 MW 67,028 GWh 172,946 tons 5.16 $12.38 billion 7 Edison International 11 10,253 MW 61,521 GWh 265,778 tons 8.64 $14.05 billion 8 Xcel Energy 15 8,961 MW 56,616 GWh 149,108 tons 5.27 $11.13 billion 9 NRG Energy 8 8,657 MW 53,586 GWh 180,696 tons 6.74 $6.89 billion 10 Dominion 16 9,031 MW 52,845 GWh 214,038 tons 8.10 $16.29 billion 11 FirstEnergy 9 8,495 MW 52,291 GWh 300,414 tons 11.49 $13.20 billion 12 E.ON 12 8,251 MW 47,307 GWh 236,000 tons 9.98 $116.95 billion 13 Progress Energy 9 7,925 MW 47,006 GWh 315,746 tons 13.43 $9.17 billion 14 Reliant Energy 11 8,134 MW 46,217 GWh 401,943 tons 17.39 $12.55 billion 15 Luminant 4 6,137 MW 45,911 GWh 273,126 tons 11.90 $8.50 billion 16 Allegheny Energy 10 7,636 MW 43,769 GWh 339,724 tons 15.52 $3.39 billion 17 DTE Energy 8 7,998 MW 41,782 GWh 199,337 tons 9.54 $9.33 billion 18 PPL 5 5,940 MW 38,512 GWh 260,936 tons 13.55 $8.04 billion 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

5 of 2219 AES 14 5,371 MW 33,516 GWh 166,154 tons 9.91 $16.07 billion 20 Dynegy 6 3,755 MW 23,426 GWh 64,452 tons 5.50 $3.55 billion 21 Entergy 3 4,015 MW 23,038 GWh 70,502 tons 6.12 $13.09 billion 22 Alliant Energy 11 4,055 MW 21,456 GWh 97,114 tons 9.05 $3.68 billion 23 Great Plains Energy 4 3,462 MW 20,997 GWh 64,686 tons 6.16 $1.67 billion 24 CMS Energy 6 3,090 MW 20,367 GWh 91,317 tons 8.97 $6.82 billion 25 Westar Energy 3 2,958 MW 19,882 GWh 78,548 tons 7.90 $1.84 billion

These 25 largest operators of coal plants (all privately-owned corporations, with the exception of the TVA, which is a publicly -owned corporation) own 264 out of the 614 coal-fired power plants in the U.S.; these 264 plants produced a total of 1,425,653 GWh of electricity i n 2005 (70.8% of total U.S. coal-fired power production). The coal plants owned by these 25 entities also produced 7,679,776 tons of SO 2 in 2005, equivalent to 52.2% of all U.S. SO2 emissions from all sources

. [1][11] Additionally, these 25 entities had combined total revenues of $348.63 billion in 2007 (which is equivalent to 2.4% of the tota l U.S. GDP). [10] The U.S. coal industry is a big, big business, and its main players – who control the vast majority of U.S. coal power production – are among the biggest corporations in the country. (Dominion, Southern, AES, Duke, Edison, FirstEnergy, Entergy, Reliant, Progress, Xcel, DTE, Ameren , PPL, CMS, and NRG are all among the Fortune 500; MidAmerican is owned by Berkshire Hathaway, the 13th biggest corporation in the U.S., and E.O N - based in Germany - is the biggest electric utility in the world. [12] ) 

## Cost of Electricity from Existing Coal Plants As of July, 2008, the average cost of coal supplied to existing coal plants in the United States was $2.09 per million BTU. [13] At 34.3% efficiency for a typical coal plant, that translates to 2.08 cents per kilowatt hour for coal. [14] Operation and maintenance is approximately 0.75 cents per kilowatt hour. [15] So total fuel and operating costs for a typical coal plant is 2.83 cents per kilowatt hour. Since the median age of existing c oal plants is 44 years, most are already fully amortized. That means their owners have fully paid off the construction costs, and operating and fuel costs are the only components of cost. For more on the financial risks of coal energy investment, see Financial Risks of Coal Energy Investment

. 

## External Costs of Existing Coal Plants In economics, an external cost or externality is a negative effect of an economic activity on a third party.External costs of c oal plants include the following: [16] Reduction in life expectancy (particulates, sulfur dioxide, ozone, heavy metal, benzene, radionuclides, etc.) Respiratory hospital admissions (particulates, ozone, sulfur dioxide) Congrestive heart failure (particulates and carbon monoxide) Non-fatal cancer, osteroporosia, ataxia, renal dysfunction (benzene, radionuclines, heavy metal, etc.) Chronic bronchitis, asthma attacks, etc. (particulates, ozone) Loss of IQ (mercury) Degradation and soiling of buildings (sulfur dioxide, acid deposition, particulates) Reduction of crop yields (NOx, sulfur dioxide, ozone, acid deposition); some emissions may also have a fertilizing effect (nitrogen and sulfur deposition) Global warming (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) Ecosystem loss and degradation Among the impacts of coal plants are the fine particulates released directly or produced indirectly by sulfur dioxide emissions

. [17] According to a 2004 study released by the Clean Air Task Force, fine particulates from power plants result in nearly 24,000 annual deaths, wit h 14 years lost on average for each death. [17] Based on social decisions in other contexts such as transportation and medicine, researchers report (see below) that American society is willing to spend $129,090 to avoid the loss of a year of life. [18] This suggests that society would be willing to spend at an additional $40 billion (i.e., 24,000 annual deaths x 14 years lost x $129,000 per year lost) for alternative ways of generating electricity that did not produce deadly pollution. With US coal plants generating about 2 billion Gigawatt hours annually, the expenditure of an additional $40 billion would raise the cost of electricity by about two cents per kilowatt hour. [19] For more on the external costs of coal, see External costs of coal

. 

## Impact of Climate Change Legislation on Existing U.S. Coal Plants Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

6 of 22It remains unclear how the proposed Waxman-Markey Climate Bill, which passed the U.S. House of Representatives in June 2009 and heads to discussion by the Senate in the Fall, will impact existing coal plants. Although the version of the American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES) that passed the House requires a 50 percent reduction in carbon emissions from new coal plants by 2025, it mandates no specific reduction requirements for existing plants. Environmental groups and public health advocates are concerned that, by driving up the cost o f new plants and offering free emissions allowances or carbon offsets for older facilities, the bill may result in even heavier reliance on an a ging fleet of coal plants. Some groups have expressed concern that the climate change legislation may end up having similar issues to the 1977 Clean Air A ct, which grandfathered in older plants and largely exempted them from requirements that facilities use the best available pollution-control technologies. Environmental advocates hope that the Senate will add regulations to ACES that will lead to the closure of older, highly pollut ing plants. [20] 

## Retrofitting Existing Coal Plants for Carbon Capture According to the U.S. Department of Energy, it is not economical to retrofit existing coal plants with carbon capture technolog y: Existing CO2 capture technologies are not cost-effective when considered in the context of large power plants. Economic studies indicate that carbon capture will add over 30 percent to the cost of electricity for new integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC) units and over 80 percent to the cost of electricity if retrofitted to existing pulverized coal (PC) units. A recent study from the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) confirms that additional alternatives need to be pursued to bring the cost of carbon captur e down. In addition, the net electricity produced from existing plants would be significantly reduced - often referred to as para sitic loss - since 20 to 30 percent of the power generated by the plant would have to be used to capture and compress the CO2. [21] 

## SO 2 

## Pollution and Pollution Controls In 1970, the U.S. Congress passed the Clean Air Act, which regulated the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), among other forms of pollution. SO 2 contributes strongly to acid rain, and causes or exacerbates respiratory illnesses. However, the legislation allowed for exempt ions for older power plants. This legislation has been strengthened since then: in 1977, the New Source Review increased compliance by states, while the EPA's Clean Air Interstate Rule, passed in 2005, requires a 57% cut in U.S. SO 2 emissions by 2015. (Roughly 60% of U.S. SO 2 emissions come from coal-fired power plants.) Especially since 2005, many utilities have begun attaching SO 2 scrubbers to their coal-fired generating stations. However, many plants still do not have adequate - or even any- SO 2 controls. [22][23][24] According to data from the Energy Information Administration, the following proportions of coal-fired power plants with capacit y over 100 MW had SO 2 scrubbers in 2005: [25]

SO 2Removal Rate # of Plants Total Capacity Over 90% 94 46,734 MW

80-89% 49 21,613 MW 70-79% 52 20,950 MW 16-69% 11 3,825 MW

None 628 220,664 MW

It is possible that some coal-fired plants with SO 2 scrubbers did not report their scrubbers to the EIA, and thus that the above table overstates the number of plants without SO 2 controls. However, out of 257 U.S. coal-fired power plants which produced more than 2,000 GWh of power in 2006, 86 had SO 2 emissions that were higher than 10 lb/MWh – compared with an average of 1 lb/MWh for coal plants with state-of-the-art SO 2 scrubbers. [26][27] We can surmise that these 86 plants almost certainly have zero or extremely minimal SO 2 scrubbers, or have SO 2 scrubbers that were not functioning in 2006. A more recent survey (June 2008) of coal-fired power plants conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency found that 209,000 MW out of 329,000 MW of capacity, or 63.5%, had no scrubbers. Of the 120,000 MW fitted with scrubbers, 104,000 MW represented wet fluidized gas disposal systems and 16,200 MW represented dry fluidized gas disposal systems. [28] The following table summarizes the findings of the EPA survey (June 2008): [28]

Scrubber Status (2008) Plants Without Scrubbers Plants With Scrubbers Total
Number of Plants 351 146 497 Number of Generating Units 990 290 1,280 Capacity (MW) 209,000 120,000 329,000 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

7 of 22In 2008, the Environmental Protection Agency released projections about future scrubber systems at coal-fired power plants. Thefollowing table shows the EPA's projections for scrubbers in 2009 and 2010. The reason that the total capacity represented by these figures is lower than the figures shown above (316,000 MW in 2009 and 318,000 MW in 2010, compared to the 329,000 MW shown above for of capacity survey in 2008),is that these figures are based on a database that uses summer and winter capacity rather than nameplate capacity. [28]

Scrubber Status Capacity Without Scrubbers

(MW) Capacity With Scrubbers

(MW) Total Capacity (MW) 2009 (projected) 159,000 157,000 316,000 2010 (projected) 134,000 184,000 318,000

The following table summarizes the data from EPA's 2008 survey and 2009/2010 projections:

Year Percent of Coal Capacity with Scrubbers 2008 (actual) 36% 2009 (projected) 50% 2010 (projected) 58%

Here is a comprehensive list of these 86 dirtiest large U.S. coal-fired power plants in 2006, in terms of SO2 emissions: [26][29]

Rank Plant Name State Year(s) Built Parent Company Capacity Total SO 2 Emissions SO 2Rate

1 R. Gallagher IN 1958-61 Duke Energy 600 MW 50,819 tons 40.38 lb/MWh 2 Muskingum River OH 1953-58, 1968 American Electric Power 1529 MW 122,984 tons 32.78 lb/MWh 3 Warrick IN 1960-70 Alcoa 755 MW 92,919 tons 32.69 lb/MWh 4 Hatfield's Ferry Power Station PA 1969-71 Allegheny Energy 1728 MW 135,082 tons 28.91 lb/MWh 5 Portland PA 1958-62 Reliant Energy 427 MW 30,685 tons 28.30 lb/MWh 6 Wabash River IN 1953-56, 1968, 1995 Duke Energy 1165 MW 58,793 tons 27.66 lb/MWh 7 Shawville PA 1954-60 Reliant Energy 626 MW 47,287 tons 26.96 lb/MWh 8 Cayuga IN 1970-72 Duke Energy 1062 MW 86,174 tons 26.68 lb/MWh 9 Morgantown MD 1970-71 Mirant 1252 MW 98,073 tons 26.08 lb/MWh 10 Keystone PA 1967-68 Reliant Energy 1872 MW 164,354 tons 25.83 lb/MWh 11 Avon Lake OH 1949, 1970 Reliant Energy 766 MW 43,479 tons 24.50 lb/MWh 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

8 of 2212 Harding Street IN 1958-61, 1973 AES 698 MW 46,346 tons 24.00 lb/MWh 13 Jefferies SC 1970 Santee Cooper 346 MW 26,299 tons 23.92 lb/MWh 14 E.W. Brown KY 1957-63, 1971 E.ON 739 MW 45,191 tons 23.75 lb/MWh 15 Montour PA 1972-73 PPL 1624 MW 129,357 tons 23.70 lb/MWh 16 Kammer WV 1958-59 American Electric Power 713 MW 119,369 tons 23.58 lb/MWh 17 Cheswick PA 1970 Reliant Energy 637 MW 32,373 tons 23.01 lb/MWh 18 E.C. Gaston AL 1960-62, 1974 Southern Company 2013 MW 130,494 tons 22.91 lb/MWh 19 Dickerson MD 1959-62 Mirant 588 MW 35,954 tons 22.82 lb/MWh 20 Johnsonville Fossil Plant TN 1951-59 Tennessee Valley Authority 1485 MW 86,793 tons 22.67 lb/MWh 21 Fort Martin Power Station WV 1967-68 Allegheny Energy 1152 MW 87,565 tons 21.79 lb/MWh 22 Yates GA 1950-58, 1974 Southern Company 1487 MW 75,476 tons 21.63 lb/MWh 23 Big Brown TX 1971-72 Luminant 1187 MW 96,221 tons 21.59 lb/MWh 24 Chalk Point MD 1964-65 Mirant 728 MW 49,591 tons 21.14 lb/MWh 25 Merrimack NH 1960-68 Northeast Utilities 459 MW 32,726 tons 20.70 lb/MWh 26 Leland Olds ND 1966, 1975 Basin Electric Power Cooperative 656 MW 40,027 tons 20.50 lb/MWh 27 Brunner Island PA 1961-69 PPL 1559 MW 93,545 tons 20.49 lb/MWh 28 Walter C. Beckjord OH 1952-62, 1969 Duke Energy 1221 MW 62,480 tons 20.32 lb/MWh 29 Hammond GA 1954-55, 1970 Southern Company 953 MW 40,579 tons 20.25 lb/MWh 30 Conesville OH 1962, 1973-78 American Electric Power 1891 MW 90,540 tons 20.00 lb/MWh 31 Yorktown VA 1957-59 Dominion 375 MW 21,685 tons 19.86 lb/MWh 32 Gorgas AL 1951-58, 1972 Southern Company 1417 MW 81,268 tons 19.53 lb/MWh 33 Greene County AL 1965-66 Southern Company 568 MW 37,863 tons 18.99 lb/MWh 34 Eastlake OH 1953-56, 1972 FirstEnergy 1257 MW 82,705 tons 18.87 lb/MWh 35 Harllee Branch GA 1965-69 Southern Company 1746 MW 95,990 tons 18.73 lb/MWh 36 Miami Fort OH 1949, 1960, 1975-78 Duke Energy 1378 MW 62,028 tons 18.63 lb/MWh 37 Canadys Steam SC 1962-67 SCANA 490 MW 22,984 tons 18.58 lb/MWh 38 Kyger Creek OH 1955 American Electric Power and FirstEnergy 1086 MW 67,157 tons 18.30 lb/MWh 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

9 of 2239 Bowen GA 1971-75 Southern Company 3499 MW 206,442 tons 18.24 lb/MWh 40 Homer City PA 1969, 1977 Exelon 2012 MW 106,772 tons 17.42 lb/MWh 41 Philip Sporn WV 1950-52, 1960 American Electric Power 1106 MW 39,741 tons 15.69 lb/MWh 42 Chesterfield VA 1952-1969 Dominion 1353 MW 64,863 tons 15.55 lb/MWh 43 Wateree SC 1970-71 SCANA 772 MW 32,797 tons 15.30 lb/MWh 44 Jack McDonough GA 1963-64 Southern Company 598 MW 28,835 tons 15.29 lb/MWh 45 E.D. Edwards IL 1960, 1968-72 Ameren 780 MW 50,126 tons 15.28 lb/MWh 46 Wansley GA 1976-78 Southern Company 1904 MW 96,200 tons 15.25 lb/MWh 47 Herbert A. Wagner MD 1959, 1966 Constellation Energy 495 MW 19,646 tons 15.13 lb/MWh 48 Cardinal OH 1967, 1977 American Electric Power 1880 MW 86,880 tons 15.12 lb/MWh 49 Clifty Creek IN 1955-56 American Electric Power and FirstEnergy 1303 MW 65,372 tons 14.32 lb/MWh 50 Cliffside NC 1940-48, 1972 Duke Energy 781 MW 28,878 tons 14.30 lb/MWh 51 G.G. Allen NC 1957-61 Duke Energy 1155 MW 45,395 tons 14.13 lb/MWh 52 J.M. Stuart OH 1970-74 DPL 2441 MW 103,649 tons 14.11 lb/MWh 53 L.V. Sutton NC 1954-55, 1972 Progress Energy 672 MW 19,159 tons 13.85 lb/MWh 54 Gibson IN 1975-82 Duke Energy 3340 MW 155,057 tons 13.80 lb/MWh 55 Sioux MO 1967-68 Ameren 1100 MW 44,148 tons 13.80 lb/MWh 56 Mitchell WV 1971 American Electric Power 1633 MW 53,152 tons 13.67 lb/MWh 57 Trenton Channel MI 1949-50, 1968 DTE Energy 776 MW 29,066 tons 13.52 lb/MWh 58 Clinch River VA 1958-61 American Electric Power 713 MW 27,134 tons 13.17 lb/MWh 59 Marshall NC 1965-70 Duke Energy 1996 MW 85,050 tons 13.17 lb/MWh 60 Hudson NJ 1968 Public Service Enterprise Group 660 MW 19,709 tons 13.04 lb/MWh 61 Big Sandy KY 1963-69 American Electric Power 1097 MW 46,476 tons 12.96 lb/MWh 62 Roxboro NC 1966-73, 1980 Progress Energy 2558 MW 92,259 tons 12.55 lb/MWh 63 Williams SC 1973 SCANA 633 MW 28,147 tons 12.53 lb/MWh 64 Belews Creek NC 1974-75 Duke Energy 2160 MW 95,290 tons 12.30 lb/MWh 65 Sandow 4 TX 1981 Luminant 591 MW 23,747 tons 12.25 lb/MWh 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

10 of 2266 Indian River DE 1957-59, 1970, 1980 NRG Energy 782 MW 20,705 tons 12.24 lb/MWh 67 Tanners Creek IN 1951-54, 1964 American Electric Power 1100 MW 35,494 tons 12.08 lb/MWh 68 John Sevier Fossil Plant TN 1955-57 Tennessee Valley Authority 800 MW 30,126 tons 11.95 lb/MWh 69 Jack Watson MS 1968, 1973 Southern Company 750 MW 29,113 tons 11.94 lb/MWh 70 Bull Run Fossil Plant TN 1967 Tennessee Valley Authority 950 MW 27,987 tons 11.92 lb/MWh 71 John E. Amos WV 1971-73 American Electric Power 2933 MW 117,299 tons 11.68 lb/MWh 72 Paradise Fossil Plant KY 1963, 1970 Tennessee Valley Authority 2558 MW 83,926 tons 11.55 lb/MWh 73 Monroe MI 1970-74 DTE Energy 3280 MW 103,570 tons 11.52 lb/MWh 74 St. Clair MI 1953-54, 1961, 1969 DTE Energy 1547 MW 42,374 tons 11.39 lb/MWh 75 Crist FL 1959-61, 1970-73 Southern Company 1135 MW 35,614 tons 11.34 lb/MWh 76 Genoa WI 1969 Dairyland Power Cooperative 346 MW 11,420 tons 11.26 lb/MWh 77 Michigan City IN 1974 NiSource 540 MW 15,993 tons 11.21 lb/MWh 78 Mayo NC 1983 Progress Energy 736 MW 24,499 tons 11.20 lb/MWh 79 W.H. Sammis OH 1959-62, 1967-71 FirstEnergy 2456 MW 86,392 tons 11.08 lb/MWh 80 Milton R. Young ND 1970, 1977 Minnkota Power Cooperative 734 MW 26,879 tons 11.06 lb/MWh 81 Killen OH 1982 DPL 666 MW 22,825 tons 10.97 lb/MWh 82 Kingston Fossil Plant TN 1954-55 Tennessee Valley Authority 1700 MW 55,473 tons 10.69 lb/MWh 83 Winyah SC 1975-81 Santee Cooper 1260 MW 42,709 tons 10.68 lb/MWh 84 Colbert Fossil Plant AL 1955, 1965 Tennessee Valley Authority 1350 MW 39,942 tons 10.41 lb/MWh 85 Monticello TX 1974-78 Luminant 1980 MW 77,538 tons 10.37 lb/MWh 86 H.L. Spurlock KY 1977-81, 2005 East Kentucky Power Cooperative 1279 MW 38,877 tons 10.22 lb/MWh

While the 86 plants shown in the table above have a capacity of 107.1 GW, or 9.9% of total U.S. electric capacity, they emitted 5,389,592 tons of SO 2 in 2006; this represents 28.6% of U.S. SO2 emissions from all sources

. [29] These dirtiest big coal-fired power plants – many of which are among the oldest in the country (the median age of the 86 plantsis 45 years) – are mostly owned by the biggest U.S. coal energy companies. Here is a list of the owners of these 86 dirtiest big coal-fired power plants, ranked by total capacity of the dirtiest coal plants that they own, and including a ranking of the company's position in the coal energy industry:

Rank Company/Entity Rank in U.S. Coal Energy Production # of Dirtiest Big Coal Plants Total Capacity of Dirtiest Big Coal Plants 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

11 of 221 Southern Company 2 11 16,071 MW 2 American Electric Power 1 11 15,766 MW 3 Duke Energy 3 10 14,858 MW 4 Tennessee Valley Authority 4 6 8,843 MW 5 DTE Energy 14 3 5,602 MW 6 Reliant Energy 13 5 4,328 MW 7 FirstEnergy 10 3 4,203 MW 8 Progress Energy 15 3 3,966 MW 9 Luminant 17 3 3,757 MW 10 PPL 18 2 3,183 MW 11 DPL 24 2 3,107 MW 12 Allegheny Energy 16 2 2,880 MW 13 Mirant 20 3 2,568 MW 14 Exelon 7 1 2,012 MW 15 SCANA 34 3 1,894 MW 16 Ameren 5 2 1,880 MW 17 Dominion 11 2 1,728 MW 18 Santee Cooper 33 2 1,606 MW 19 East Kentucky Power Co-op N/A 1 1,279 MW 20 AES 19 1 842 MW 21 NRG Energy 9 1 782 MW 22 Alcoa N/A 1 755 MW 23 E.ON 12 1 739 MW 24 Minnkota Power Cooperative N/A 1 734 MW 25 Public Service Enterprise Group N/A 1 660 MW 26 Basin Electric Power Co-op 29 1 656 MW 27 NiSource 25 1 540 MW 28 Constellation Energy 36 1 495 MW 29 Northeast Utilities N/A 1 459 MW 30 Dairyland Power Cooperative N/A 1 346 MW

Thus, even though SO2 scrubbers have become significantly less expensive in recent years, many of the biggest coal energy companies in the country

–

many of which have billions of dollars of annual revenues – have failed to install SO2 scrubbers on many of their oldest and d irtiest coal plants. 

## Oldest existing coal plants These are the oldest existing coal plants in the U.S.: [30]

Rank State Plant Name Date Plant Began Operation 2007 Power Prod.
1 IN Perry K Steam Plant Aug, 1938 72 GWh 2 WI Blount Street Station Dec, 1938 2,031 GWh 3 IA Sixth Street Generating Station Apr, 1940 321 GWh 4 NC Cliffside Plant (existing) Jul, 1940 4,336 GWh 5 IA Dubuque Generating Station Jun, 1941 338 GWh 6 NC Buck Steam Station Jul, 1941 1,847 GWh 7 MN High Bridge Generating Plant Jan, 1942 939 GWh 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

12 of 228 IN Harding Street Station Apr, 1942 4,115 GWh 9 WI Pulliam Power Plant Jan, 1943 2,519 GWh 10 NY AES Westover Generation Plant Oct, 1943 496 GWh 11 OH Burger Plant Jan, 1944 1,297 GWh 12 WV Rivesville Power Station Jan, 1944 271 GWh 13 VA Glen Lyn Plant Jun, 1944 1,612 GWh 14 IN Edwardsport Plant Jul, 1944 254 GWh 15 NY Huntley Generating Station Jan, 1945 2,756 GWh 16 VA Potomac River Generating Station Oct, 1946 1,601 GWh 17 MD R. Paul Smith Power Station Jan, 1947 698 GWh 18 IL Havana Power Station Jul, 1947 3,460 GWh 19 KY Tyrone Generating Station Oct, 1947 429 GWh 20 IA Lansing Power Station Jan, 1948 1,724 GWh 21 PA Mitchell Plant Jan, 1948 952 GWh 22 IL Meredosia Power Station Jun, 1948 1,952 GWh 23 OH Hutchings Station Jul, 1948 691 GWh 24 MI Cobb Generating Plant Sep, 1948 2,339 GWh 25 NY Russell Station Dec, 1948 1,315 GWh 26 KS Riverton Power Plant Jan, 1949 672 GWh 27 MN Riverside Generating Plant (Minnesota) Jan, 1949 2,344 GWh 28 IN Eagle Valley Station Feb, 1949 1,577 GWh 29 AL Gadsden Steam Plant Apr, 1949 539 GWh 30 MI Trenton Channel Power Plant May, 1949 3,388 GWh 31 WI Stoneman Generating Station May, 1949 66 GWh 32 PA Sunbury Steam Station Aug, 1949 1,910 GWh 33 NC Weatherspoon Plant Sep, 1949 1,018 GWh 34 IL Wood River Station Nov, 1949 3,041 GWh 35 OH Avon Lake Power Plant Dec, 1949 3,078 GWh 36 OH Miami Fort Station Dec, 1949 7,399 GWh 37 NY Dunkirk Steam Station Jan, 1950 3,646 GWh


## Plant Retirements The following sortable table lists recent and upcoming (including probable) coal plant retirements in the United States. To sor t the table by a column, click on the column header. Clicking a second time on the header will reverse the order of the sort. For more details, see Coal plant retirements.

State Plant Operator Boiler or Unit Year Built Capacity (MW) Retirement Year

GA Harllee Branch Generating Plant Georgia Power (Southern Company) 1,2 1965, 1967 299, 359 2013

IA Lansing Power Station Alliant Energy 2,3 1949, 1957 12, 38 2010

IA Milton Kapp Generating Station Alliant Energy 1 1967 218 2010 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

13 of 22KY Henderson Station One Henderson City Utility Commission 1,2 1956, 1968 11.5, 32.3 2008

OR Boardman Plant Portland General Electric 1 1980 601 2020

NY AES Greenidge Generation Plant AES 3 1950 50 2009

AK Chena Power Plant Aurora Energy LLC 3 1952 2 2009

IN Wabash River Generating Station Duke Energy 2,3,5 1953,1954,1956 112 2009

NC Buck Steam Station Duke Energy 3,4 1941,1942 80,40 2011
NC Dan River Steam Station Duke Energy 1,2,3 1949,195 0,1955 70,70,150 2011,2012,2013

IN Edwardsport Generating Station Duke Energy 7,8 1949,1951 40,69 2011 NC Cliffside Plant Duke Energy 1, 2,3,4 1940,1940,1948,1948 40,40,65,65 2012 MA Salem Harbor Station Dominion 1,2,3 1952,1952,1958 82 2017
IN State Line Plant Dominion 1,2,3,4 1955,1955, 1962,1962 100,125,180,209 2017

IN Gallagher Generating Station Duke Energy 1,3 1959.1960 150,150 2012 OH Burger Plant First Energy 4,5 1955,1955 156,156 2010

IA Dubuque Generating Station Interstate Power and Light (Alliant) 2 1929 15 2010

IA Prairie Creek Generating Station Interstate Power and Light (Alliant) 2 1951 23 2010

IA Sixth Street Generating Station Interstate Power and Light (Alliant) 1,2,4,6,7,8 1921,1930,1942,1925, 1945,1950 10,6,15,10,15,29 2010

IA Sutherland Generating Station Interstate Power and Light (Alliant) 2 1955 38 2010

CO Cameo Station Public Service Company of Colorado 1,2 1957,1960 25,50 2010

CO Clark Station Black Hills Energy 1,2 1955,1959 18.7,25 2012

OH Richard H. Gorsuch Generating Station American Municipal Power - Ohio 1,2,3,4 1988 50,50,50,50 2012 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

14 of 22IL Lakeside Station City Water, Light and Power 6,7 1961,1965 38,38 2009

MI Whiting Generating Plant Consumers Energy 1,2,3 1952,1952,1953 106,106,133 2015

NY Cornell University Central Heating Plant Cornell University TG1,TG2 1988,1988 2,6 2011

MI Marysville Power Plant Detroit Edison 7,8 1943,1947 75,75 2011

PA Cromby Generating Station Exelon 1 1954 188 2011

PA Eddystone Generating Station Exelon 1,2 1960,1960 354,354 2011

DE Indian River Power Station NRG Energy 1,2,3 1957,1959,1970 82,82,177 2010

IL Will County Generating Station Midwest Generation 1,2 1955 188,184 2012

NJ Howard Down Generating Station Vineland Municipal Electric 1970 25 2010

IN Dean Mitchell Generating Station Northern Indiana Public Service Co 4,5,6,11 1956,1959,1959,1 970 138,128,128,128 2012

MN Black Dog Generating Station Northern States Power Company 3,4 1955,1960 114,180 2016

WV Philip Sporn Power Plant Ohio Power 5 1960 496 2013

OH Ohio University Lausche Heating Plant Ohio University OUG1 1994 1 2009

NC Cape Fear Steam Plant Progress Energy 5,6 1956,1958 141,188 2013
NC Lee Steam Plant Progress Energy 1,2,3 1951,1952 75,75,252 2013
NC Sutton Steam Plant Progress Energy 1,2,3 1954,1955,1972 113,113,447 2014
NC Weatherspoon Plant Progress Energy 1,2,3 1949,1950,1952 46 2017

FL Crystal River Energy Complex Progress Energy 1,2 1966,1969 440,524 2020

CO Arapahoe Station Public Service Company of Colorado 3,4 1951,1955 46,112 2012

CO Cherokee Station Public Service Company of 1,2,3,4 1957,1959,1962,1968 125, 125,170,381 2017,2017,2022,2022 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

15 of 22Colorado

CO Valmont Station Public Service Company of Colorado 5 1964 192 2017

TN John Sevier Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority 1,2 1955,1955 200,200 2015

KY Shawnee Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority 10 1956 175 2015

AL Widows Creek Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority 1,2,3,4,5,6 1952,1952,1952,1953, 1954,1954 141,141,141,141,141,1 41 2011,2011,2015,2015,2015

PA Hunlock Power Station UGI Development Co 3 1959 50 2010

IL University of Illinois Abbott Power Plant University of Illinois T6,T7,T10,T11,T12 195,1962 ,2004,2004,2004 8, 8,7,13,13 2017

SC Savannah River D-Area Power House US Department of Energy HP-1,HP-2 1952,1952 9,9 2013

MI S.D. Warren Muskegon Power Plant Sappi 1,2,3 1938,168,189 3.5,19.1,28.3 2009

NV Mohave Generating Station Southern California Edison 1,2 1971,1971 818,818 2005

MA Somerset Power Generating Station NRG Energy 1,2 1951,1959 74,100 2010

VA North Branch Station Dominion 1 1992 80 2014 or 2015



### Howard Down Generating Station According Bill O’Sullivan, administrator of air quality for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, the Howard D own Generating Station, a 25 MW coal plant operated by Vineland Municipal Electric in New Jersey, was scheduled to replace its last coal-fired generator with natural gas in 2010. [31] 

### Georgia Power plans to retire Harlee Branch units 1 and 2 by 2013 In March 2011, Georgia Power announced that it expects to request approval from the Georgia Public Service Commission to decertify two coal-generating units 1 and 2 at the Harllee Branch Generating Plant, totaling 569 megawatts. The company plans to ask for decertification of the units as of the effective dates of the Georgia Multipollutant Rule, which are currently anticipated to be Dec. 31, 2013 for uni t 1 and Oct. 1, 2013 for unit 2. GP said the costs of upgrades would be uneconomical for its customers. The commission is expected to vote on the decert ification request in spring 2012. [32] 

### 2010: Dominion proposes closing North Branch Station for approval of new natural gas plant In a December 2010 accord reached with the National Park Service and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Dominion volunteered to close its North Branch Station when the proposed natural gas-fired Warren County Power Station near Front Royal begins commercial operations, which is scheduled for late 2014 or early 2015. Emissions reductions credits from closing the station will be combined with various other offsets to be applied as the emission mitigation plan for the new power station. The agreement is conditioned upon the Virginia Air Pollution Control Board's approval of the air permit for the proposed station, other regulatory approvals and the construction and operation of the propo sed station. The air board is expected to vote on Dominion's application for the Warren County air permit at its Dec. 17, 2010 meeting. The company anticipates seeking 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

16 of 22permission from the Virginia State Corporation Commission in 2011 to build the new power station. [33]
N orth Branch was put in cold reserve status in August 2010, and has not been generating electricity. Without this agreement, thestation could be returned to service in a short time if needed. [33] 

### Dominion's Salem and State Line Plants On November 18, 2010, Dominion said it expects to shut the Salem Harbor coal/oil-fired power plant in Massachusetts within seve n years "as the high cost of keeping up with ever more stringent pollution rules could make it uneconomic to keep operating the plant," a company executive said. Dominion CFO Mark McGettrick also told investors that, in addition to the 738-megawatt Salem Harbor, the company may also close the 515 MW State Line Plant in Indiana. The first of the coal units still operating at both plants entered service more than half a centur y ago. The environmental regulations McGettrick referred to was the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's planned one-hour ozone rule for 2015-2017, known as the Transport Rule: "If that rule goes into effect, we do not plan to install expensive environmental controls at either of those two stations," Dominion spokesman Dan Genest told Reuters. [34] Independent System Operator (ISO) New England, which operates the regional power grid, could again decide Salem Harbor is neede d for "reliability" -- as the ISO has over the past couple of years. Dominion recently asked the ISO to withdraw the plant from the g rid's June 2011 forward capacity auction for 2014-15. The ISO is not expected to decide on the request until 2011. Dominion reportedly wants to withdra w from the auction not because the company wants to shut the plant but because the capacity price has been coming down over the past few years. The capacity auction pays power suppliers (and demand response customers who agree to reduce usage) to remain available to maintain the long-term re liability of the grid. [34] 

### University of Illinois Abbott Power Plant In May 2010, the University of Illinois pledged to stop using coal within seven years as part of a plan to reduce energy use and cut carbon emissions: the Illinois Climate Action Plan, finalized that month. The plan was developed by the campus Sustainability Council. It was submitted to the American College and University Presidents' Climate Commitment, signed by more than 600 schools. The UI is the first Big Ten sc hool to formally submit a climate plan. [35] To meet its goals, UI is considering alternative fuels that could be used by University of Illinois Abbott Power Plant or anoth er central generation facility, officials said. University buildings – which account for 85 percent of the campus's energy use – are primarily heated by steam produced at Abbott. The plant also produces electricity as a byproduct, with the UI buying additional electricity from private suppliers. A bbott runs primarily on natural gas and coal, with the fuel mix decided by market costs, according to UI officials. The sustainability team concluded that Abbott's natural gas capacity can provide almost enough steam to meet campus demand by itself and should be able to do so in a few years if conservation trends continue. The campus burned 94,171 tons of coal in fiscal 2009, although that figure has dropped 30 percent in fiscal 2010 so f ar, said Tom Abram, sustainability coordinator in UI Facilities and Services. [35] 

### Richard H. Gorsuch Generating Station On May 18, 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Justice Department announced that AMP would be per manently retiring American Municipal Power - Ohio's 200 MW Richard H. Gorsuch Generating Station in Kansas by Dec. 31, 2012, under a set tlement to resolve violations of the Clean Air Act's New Source Review requirements. Interim sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission li mits will be implemented until that date. Also part of the settlement, AMP will spend $15 million on an environmental mitigation project and pay a civil penalty of $850,000. [36] 

### Boardman Plant On January 14, 2010 it was announced that Portland General Electric will be closing its 601 MW Boardman Plant twenty years ahead of schedule. The plant will close in 2020 instead of 2040. The plant was originally going to invest more than a half billion dollars in poll ution controls (scrubbers) by 2017 to comply with EPA and state clean air regulations, then keep it running until 2040. Instead, the company wants regulators to allow it to make a $45 million investment by 2011 to partially clean up its emissions of mercury and oxides of nitrogen, then operate the plant until 2020. [37] The Oregon Sierra Club and Friends of the Columbia Gorge argue, that while a 2020 close date is better than a 2040 closure, it is still more economical for the plant to shut its doors in 2014. [38] On February 1, 2010 it was announced that PGE was considering using biomass to continue operating the plant after it ends its u se of coal in the future. PGE is said to be considering if it can replace all of the millions of tons of coal it burns every year at Boardman with plant based material that has been pre-treated through a process called torrefaction. While still in experimental phases, torrefaction produces a substance similar to coal, and is also energy intensive to produce. Critics on the other hand cite that no commercial size torrefaction facilities exist and it i s still not clear how much carbon will be used in the process of torrefaction. [39] 

### Duke ordered to shut down three coal-fired units in Indiana On May 29, 2009, U.S. District Judge Larry J. McKinney ordered Duke to shut down three units of the Wabash River Generating Station in Indiana for violations of the federal Clean Air Act. In 2008, a jury found that Duke-owned Cinergy had modified the facilities without installing 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

17 of 22TVA at the Crossroads, produced by Southern Alliance for best-available pollution control technology. In his ruling, Judge McKinney cited increased sulfur dioxide emissions from the units and gave a deadline of September 30, 2009 for closing them. Duke's Chief Legal Officer Marc Manly said the company was disappointed with the court' s decision to "accelerate the shutdown." The units, which supply 39 percent of the station's power, were slated to be taken off line in 2012. [40] 

### S.D. Warren Muskegon Power Plant S.D. Warren Muskegon Power Plant was a 51-megawatt (MW) coal-fired power station owned and operated by Sappi, a South African m ultinational pulp & paper corporation, in Muskegon, Michigan. The plant provided power to Sappi's Muskegon pulp & paper mill until the entire facility was shut down in 2009. 

### Will County and Waukegan in Illinois As part of a 2006 agreement with the state of Illinois, Midwest Generation said it plans to shut down the three smallest generating units in its fleet -- two units at the Will County Generating Station in Romeoville and one at its Waukegan Generating Station -- between the end of 2007 and the end of 2010. The company also has committed that its smallest plant -- the single-unit Fisk Generating Station in Chicago -- will eith er have additional controls for sulfur dioxide emissions or be shut down by the end of 2015. The same agreement to shut down or install additional controls applies to the Waukegan Generating Station by the end of 2014 and to the Crawford Generating Station in Chicago by the end of 2018. [41] 

### Mohave Generating Station In 2005, the Mohave Generating Station ceased operations due to a Clean Air Act lawsuit and because Navajo and Hopi tribes pass ed resolutions ending Peabody’s use of the Black Mesa aquifer. According to the EPA, the coal plant was the dirtiest in the Western U.S., emitting up to 40,000 tons of sulfur dioxide per year. [42] 

### Arapahoe Station and Cameo Station In August 2008, Colorado regulators approved Xcel Energy’s plan to shut down two coal plants: the Arapahoe Station (Denver) and the Cameo Station (east of Grand Junction). According to Western Resource Advocates, "The utility’s decision to shut down the plants has been praised as the nation’s first voluntary effort to cut coal power generation in an attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In its decision to support Xcel’s plan, the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (PUC) cited public health benefits and shared concerns about carbon emissions as major selling-points in the company’s groundbreaking proposal. The verdict marks a collective effort to move the state and its utilities toward the car bon reduction goals outlined in Governor Bill Ritter’s Climate Action Plan." [43] Xcel plans to replace the combined 229 MW of coal power with 850 MW of wind power and a 200 MW utility-scale solar power plant with storage capacity by 2015. Another key component of Xcel’s proposal, to build a 480 MW natural gas plant at the Arapahoe station, has be en postponed pending approval by the Colorado PUC. [43] 

### Units at Cherokee and Valmont Generating Stations The Cherokee Station 4 coal-fired plant is also scheduled to be shuttered in 2022. However, Xcel Energy announced in November 2 010 its intent to close the plant, located north of Denver, in 2017, five years earlier than expected. The change of plans comes on the heels of the recently enacted Colorado Clean Air-Clean Jobs Act. As part of the legislation, Xcel receives financial incentives in exchange for a $1.3billion program of phasing out coal-fueled plants in favor of natural gas. The program targets plants in Boulder and Denver for conversion while facilities in Brush and Hayden would be upgraded to reduce pollution. [44] As of November 2010, Xcel is also considering shutting down its Valmont Station Unit 5. [45] 

### TVA considering shutting down some aging coal plants In August 2009, CEO Tom D. Kilgore announced that TVA was studying the possibility of closing its John Sevier Fossil Plant in Tennessee and the oldest six units at its Widows Creek Fossil Plant in Alabama. A federal judge has ordered TVA to install pollution equipment on the plants by the end of 2013, at an estimated cost of more than $1 billion. However, the company has not yet budgeted any money for the improvements. In 2010 TVA is planning to begin building an $820 million gas-powered plant to replace the generation at its John Servier Plant. The agency has already reduced power production from the oldest six units at Widows Creek. Environmental groups want TVA to shut down or convert to cleaner fuels the oldest and least efficient of its coal plants, including Widows Creek, John Sevier, and Johnsonville plants. [46] 

### Closure Planned for W.N. Clark Station It was announced in the fall of 2010 that Black Hills Energy proposed retiring its two coal-fired units at the Clark Station in Canon City and would build a unit in Pueblo, Colorado 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

18 of 22Clean Energ y that would be powered by natural gas. The retirement would be part of the company's proposal to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The proposal will be decided on by the Colorado Public Utilities Commission by the middle of December, 2010. The company originally stated it would consider using biomass to replace the coal at the plant, but later stated that it would cost too muc h to run the units on biomass. [47] On December 15 2010, the Public Utilities Commission approved Black Hills Energy's plan to close its coal-fired power plant in Canon City as well as an associated rate increase for customers estimated at about 5 percent. Black Hills opted to expand its gas-fired plant presently under construction in Pueblo to replace the load generated by the Clark plant. The Pueblo plant is expected to be operational by the end of 2012, and could replace the Canon City plant immediately at that point. [48] 

### Crystal River to close by 2020, replaced by nuclear plant
In December 2008, Progress Energy Florida announced it will close two of the state's worst polluting coal-fired generators when its new Lev y County nuclear plant is up and running in 2020. The company said the closure of two units at its Crystal River Energy Complex in Citrus County represents the equivalent of removing 830,000 vehicles from Florida's roads. The decision follows months of talks with state officials, in cluding Gov. Charlie Crist and Department of Environmental Protection Secretary Michael W. Sole, said Progress Energy Florida chief executive Jeff L yash. Crist has hoped to reduce state carbon dioxide emissions to the 1990 level by 2025. The scheduled closure of the two Crystal River plantsmeans the company would be 60 percent of the way toward the governor's goal, according to Progress Energy officials. Independent studies have listed the two coal plants among the nation's top 50 polluters. [49] The energy created by the two Crystal River coal plants, which opened in 1966 and 1969, will be replaced by the new nuclear plant set to be built at a cost of $17-billion in Levy County. Two coal-fired power generators will remain in operation at the Citrus County site, as will a nuclear reactor. Progress Energy will spend $1.3-billion installing air emission-reduction equipment at the two remaining coal-fired plants. Early in 2007, Progress Energy won approval to raise bills 25 percent starting in January to pay for higher 2008 fuel costs and for early costs of the $17-billion nuclear project. The nuclear charge will add about $13 a month to the bill of the average residential customer, about 10 percent more. [49] 

### Progress Energy announces plan to close Lee coal plant On August 18, 2009, Progress Energy announced a plan to close 3 units at its Lee Steam Plant in North Carolina. The company is seeking regulatory approval to build a new natural gas-fired plant at the site. As proposed, the new plant would increase generation capacity at the site by about 550 megawatts, while still reducing overall emissions, including carbon dioxide. The project will cost an estimated $900 million, and is expected to be operational in 2013. [50] North Carolina State regulators approved the plan on October 1. [51] 

### Progress Energy to shut four N.C. coal plants On December 1, 2009, Progress Energy Carolinas announced that by the end of 2017 it would permanently close all of its North Carolina coal plants without sulfur dioxide scrubbers. The 11 units at L.V. Sutton, Cape Fear, Weatherspoon, and Lee total almost 1,500 megawatts and represent about a third of the utility's coal-fired power generation in N.C. The retirement plan includes the following: Lee is scheduled for retirement in 2013. Sutton is slated for closure in 2014. Progress hopes to replace it with a natural gas-fired power plant. Cape Fear and Weatherspoon will be shut down between 2013 and 2017. The company is considering converting 50 to 150MW of the total capacity to burn wood waste. The closure plan was filed in response to a request by the N.C. Utilities Commission, which ordered Progress to provide its retirement schedule for "unscrubbed" coal-fired units in North Carolina. The request was a condition of the commission's approval of Progress' plan to close Lee and build a 950-MW natural gas plant at the site. [52][53] 

### Exelon to shut coal plants in Pennsylvania On December 2, 2009, Exelon announced that it would retire Cromby Generating Station and two units at Eddystone Generating Station in 2011. The closures include 144 MW of coal-fired power at Cromby and another 588 MW at Eddystone. Eddystone will continue to operate 820 M W of natural gas- and oil-fired generation. Exelon senior vice president Doyle Beneby said the retirements were due to "decreased power demand, over supply of natural gas and increasing operating costs," adding that, "these aging units are no longer efficient enough to compete with newer resources." [54] The announcement comes just one day after Progress Energy said it would shut 11 aging coal-fired power units totaling almost 1,500 MW in North Carolina. [55] 

### Alliant to close coal boilers at six sites According to plans filed with the Minnesota Public Service Commission on November 1, 2010, Alliant Energy plans to close coal-f ired boilers at six sites in Iowa: [56] Sixth Street Generating Station (all units) (Cedar Rapids) Prairie Creek Generating Station Unit 2 (Cedar Rapids) Dubuque Generating Station Unit 2 Lansing Power Station Units 2 and 3 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

19 of 22Milton Kapp Generating Station Unit 1 (Clinton) Sutherland Generating Station Unit 2 (Marshalltown) The plan also designates two boilers at Dubuque Generating Station and another at the Sutherland Generating Station for retirem ent in 2015. Of this list, only one boiler (Lansing 3) is currently operational, and the replacement generation will come in significant part from r unning newer coal boilers at higher capacity. [56] 

## 2010 Report: New EPA regulations could make old coal plants prohibitively expensive According to the 2010 report "Impact of EPA Rules on Power Markets," (http://op.bna.com/env.nsf/id/jstn-8actja/$File/suisse.pdf ) by Credit Suisse, tougher federal air pollution rules that will be coming in the next few years could prompt electricity companies to close as many as 1 in every 5 coal-burning power plants in America, primarily facilities more than 40 years old that lack emissions controls. [57] The regulations being crafted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), expected to go into force in April and November 201 1 in accordance with the Clean Air Act, are aimed at reducing mercury, acid rain, and smog-forming emissions from utility smokestacks. The stud y found that the EPA rules, combined with a recent drop in the price of natural gas, could over the next four to five years cause the utility industry to accelerate retirement of old coal-fired power plants rather than spend to upgrade the plants' emissions controls. [57] After expected emissions upgrades, the coal fleet will continue to have plants, producing about 103,000 megawatts, that are still "lacking any major emission controls," the study says. The oldest, smallest coal plants with few emissions controls make up an "at-risk" of closure portion that account for about 20 percent of total US coal-fired generating capacity, or 69,000 megawatts. The cost to cut sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury emissions could run $50 billion to $70 billion, not counting the oldest plants. Upgrading those would cost another $80 billion to $110 billion. [57] 

## Resources
References ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Existing Electric Generating Units in the United States, 2005" (http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat2p2.html) , Energy Information Administration website, accessed April 2008. 1.
↑ "Existing Capacity by Energy Source" (http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf

/electricity/epa/epat2p2.html) , Energy Information Administration website, accessed April 2008. 2.
↑ Net Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), 1995 through January 2009 (http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity /epm/table1_1.html) , Energy Information Administration, Apr. 22, 2009. 3.
↑ Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2007 (http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer/txt/ptb0802b.html) , Energy Information Administration, accessed May 2009. 4.
↑ “Key World Energy Statistics 2010” (http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf /free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf) , International Energy Agency, 2010, p. 25. 5.
↑ Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Report” (http://www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/1605/ggrpt/index.html) , Energy Information Administration, 2007. 6. ↑ "Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2007," (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html) U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review, Table 8.2b 7.
↑ "Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2007," (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html) U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review, Table 8.11c 8.
↑ Energy Information Agency, "Existing Electrical Generating Units in the United States, 2008 (By Energy Source)" (http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf /electricity/page/capacity/capacity.html) , Preliminary Data; Figures for 2009 from National Energy Technology Laboratory, "Tracking New Coal-Fired Power Plants," (http://www.netl.doe.gov/coal/refshelf/ncp.pdf) January 8, 2010 9.

↑ 10.0 10.1 Company Insight Center (http://investing.businessweek.com /research/company/overview/overview.asp) , BusinessWeek website, accessed April 2008. 10.
↑ National Emissions Trends (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends /trends06/nationaltier1upto2007basedon2005v1.xls) , Energy Information Administration, accessed May 2009. 11.
↑ Industries: Utilities: Gas & Electric (http://money.cnn.com/magazines /fortune/fortune500/2008/industries/143/index.html) , Fortune 500 website, accessed May 2009. 12.
↑ "Average Cost of Coal Delivered for Electricity Generation by State," (http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/table4_10_a.html) U.S. 13. Energy Information Administration, October 28, 2008 ↑ The conversion factor is 3413 BTUs per kilowatt hour 14. ↑ "The Future of Coal," (http://web.mit.edu/coal/) MIT, Table 3.1, p. 19, 2007 15. ↑ "Damages assessed," (http://www.externe.info/) ExternE website, accessed March 2009 16. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Conrad G. Schneider, Abt Associates, "Dirty Air, Dirty Power: Mortality and Health Damage Due to Air Pollution from Power Plants," (http://www.catf.us/publications/view/24) Clean Air Task Force, June 2004 (Synopsis) 17.

↑ "Cost-effective Medical Treatment: Putting an Updated Dollar Value o n Human Life," (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu /article.cfm?articleid=1949) Knowledge@Wharton, April 30, 2008 18.
↑ Coal-fired power plant capacity and generation 19. ↑ Kari Lydersen, "'The Clunkers of the Power-Plant World': Old Coal-Fired Facilities Could Escape New Rules," (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08 /16/AR2009081601806.html?wpisrc=newsletter) Washington Post, August 17, 2009. 20.

↑ "Retrofitting the Existing Coal Fleet with Carbon Capture Technology," (http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/pollutioncontrols /Retrofitting_Existing_Plants.html) U.S. Department of Energy, accessed December 2008 21.

↑ A Timeline of the Clean Air Act (http://www.edf.org/documents /2695_cleanairact.htm) , Environmental Defense Fund, accessed April 2008. 22.
↑ "Utilities amassing landfills: Tougher air standards send tons of plants' sludge, coal ash into ground" (http://www.columbusdispatch.com /live/content/local_news/stories/2008/04 /14/Powerfills.ART_ART_04-14-08_B1_FF9TI0U.html?sid=101) , Columbus Dispatch , April 14, 2008. 23.

↑ Coal Combustion Residues and Mercury Control (http://www.epa.gov /nrmrl/pubs/600r01109/600R01109chap9.pdf) , EPA Interim Report on the Control of Mercury Admissions from Coal-Fired Electric Boilers, April 2002. 24.

↑ Form EIA-767 Database (http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity /page/eia767.html) , Energy Information Administration website, 2005. 25. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Dirty Kilowatts 2007 Report Database (http://www.dirtykilowatts.org/) , Environmental Integrity Project, accessed May 2008. 26. 

### Existing U.S. Coal Plants - SourceWatch http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants

20 of 22↑ Environmental Integrity Project, "Dirty Kilowatts: America’s Most Polluting Power Plants" (http://www.dirtykilowatts.org /Dirty_Kilowatts2007.pdf) , July 2007, p. 8. 27.

↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 "Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category: 2007/2008 Detailed Study Report," (http://nepis.epa.gov/EPA/html /DLwait.htm?url=/Adobe/PDF/P1001I4V.PDF) U.S Environmental Protection Agency, August 2008, Table 3-1, page 3-9 28.

↑ 29.0 29.1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Technology Transfer Network: State Emission Index" (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/ozone /areas/state/stindex.htm) , accessed May 2008. 29.
↑ "America's Biggest Polluters: Carbon Dioxide Emissions from PowerPlants in 2007" (http://www.environmentamerica.org/home/reports/reportarchives/global-warming-solutions/global-warming-solutions/americasbiggest-polluters-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-power-plantsin-2009#tduTppMOy9H6e9Y0dyCUeg) Environment America, November 24, 2009 30.

↑ Michael Miller, "New Jersey's coal-fired power plants come clean ahead of pollution crackdown," (http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/press/new_jersey/new-jersey-s-coal-fired-power-plantscome-clean-ahead/article_b0b1782f-28f2-5eaa-bf21-74f0b5b1817a.html) Press of Atlantic City, July 8, 2010 31.

↑ "Georgia Power Announces Plans to Decertify Two Coal GeneratingUnits" (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/georgia-powerannounces-plans-to-decertify-two-coal-generating-units-118074374.html) PR Newswire, March 16, 2011. 32.

↑ 33.0 33.1 "Dominion Virginia Power Offers to Close Coal-Fired Station in Accord Over Proposed Gas-Fired Power Station; Closing Would Help Regional Air Quality" (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dominion-virginia-power-offers-to-close-coal-fired-station-in-accordover-proposed-gas-fired-power-station-closing-would-help-regionalair-quality-111197529.html) PR Newswire, Dec. 3, 2010. 33.

↑ 34.0 34.1 "Dominion to shut Mass. Salem Harbor coal/oil plant" (http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1811822820101118) Reuters, Nov. 18, 2010. 34.

↑ 35.0 35.1 Julie Wurth, "UI promises to stop coal use by 2017, take other steps to lower energy use" (http://www.news-gazette.com/news/agriculture-and-environment/2010-05-25/ui-promises-stop-coaluse-2017-take-other-steps-lower-en) The News Gazette, May 25, 2010. 35.

↑ "Ohio Utility to Settle Clean Air Act Violations Emissions to be cut by more than 34,000 tons annually" (http://yosemite.epa.gov /opa/admpress.nsf/0/B3BD495020489ED7852577270072AA6E) EPA Website, May 18, 2010. 36.

↑ "PGE moves to close Boardman by 2020"(http://www.oregonbusiness.com/high-five/10-high-five/2876-boardmanplant-to-close-sooner) , OregonBusiness.com, accessed January 15, 2010. 37.

↑ "PGE moves to close Boardman by 2020" (http://www.sierraclub.org /coal/or/default.aspx) , Oregon Beyond Coal Campaign, accessed January 19, 2010. 38.
↑ Matthew Preusch, "http://www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2010/01 /coal-burning_power_plant_in_bo.html" Boardman coal-burning power plant may have a future after all: biomass>OregonLive.com, accessed February 1, 2010. 39.

↑ Andrew M. Harris, "Duke Energy Ordered to Shut Indiana Coal-Fired 40. Units," (http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103& sid=awcG5uWwJwOA&refer=us) Bloomberg, May 29, 2009. ↑ "Midwest Generation, Governor Agree On Long-Range Emissions Reduction Plan" (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Midwest+Generation,+Governor+Agree+On+LongRange+Emissions+Reduction...-a0155781203) BusinessWire, 2008. 41.

↑ “Making a Just Transition” (http://www.sierraclub.org/planet/200605 /justtransition.asp) Timothy Lesle, Sierra Club newsletter, May 2006 42. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "Clean Energy Accomplishments," (http://www.westernresourceadvocates.org/energy /coal/cleanenergyaccomplishments.php) Western Resource Advocates, accessed April 2009 43.

↑ Maryalene LaPonsie, "Green energy jobs are coming to Colorado" (http://www.utilitiesjobsblog.com/) Utilities, Nov. 8, 2010. 44. ↑ Mark Jaffe, "Nation watching Xcel's plans for aging coal-fired power plants" (http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_16539428) The Denver Post, Nov. 7, 2010. 45.
↑ "TVA may shutter aging coal-fired plants,"(http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2009/aug/24/tva-may-shutter-agingcoal-fired-plants/?local) Chattanooga Times Free Press, August 24, 2009. 46.

↑ "Colo. hears on utility's emissions-reduction plan" (http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9JIOTVO1.htm) Associated Press, November 20, 2010. 47.
↑ "PUC approves closure of Canon City plant" (http://www.chieftain.com /news/local/article_653f91e4-08dc-11e0-be39-001cc4c002e0.html) The Pueblo Chieftain, December 16, 2010. 48.

↑ 49.0 49.1 Aaron Sharockman, "Progress Energy to close two coal-fired generators in 2020" (http://www.tampabay.com/news/business/energy /article942758.ece) St. Petersburg Times, Dec. 19, 2008. 49.
↑ "Utility will build natural gas-fueled units to be in service by 2013," (http://www.progress-energy.com/aboutus/news/article.asp?id=22342) Progress Energy, August 18, 2009. 50.
↑ "Progress plan to replace NC coal unit approved," (http://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN0222027920091002) Reuters, October 2, 2009. 51.
↑ "Progress Energy Carolinas Plans to Retire Remaining Unscrubbed Coal Plants in N.C.," (http://sanfrancisco.bizjournals.com/prnewswire /press_releases/North_Carolina/2009/12/01/CL18913) PRNewswire, December 1, 2009. 52.

↑ Tina Casey, "Progress Energy Joins Stampede Away from Coal," (http://www.reuters.com/article/mnEnergy/idUS414152905220091202) Reuters, December 2, 2009. 53.
↑ "Exelon to retire 933 MW of capacity in 2011," (http://pepei.pennnet.com/display_article/371466/6/ARTCL/none/none /1/Exelon-to-retire-933-MW-of-capacity-in-2011/) Power Engineering, December 2, 2009. 54.

↑ Progress Energy 55. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Carrie Lowry La Seur, "Alliant to Close Coal Boilers at 7 SitesAcross Iowa" (http://plainsjusticeblog.wordpress.com/2010/11/08/alliantto-close-coal-boilers-at-7-sites-across-iowa/) Plains Justice Today, Nov. 8, 2010. 56.

↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Ken Stewart, "Is coal power headed for a downsizing inUS?" (http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2010/1020/Is-coal-powerheaded-for-a-downsizing-in-US) CS Monitor, October 20, 2010. 57.



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21 of 22Dispelling the myths of the acid rain story Divestment and shareholder action on coal Environmental impacts of coal Former coal plants Global warming Google Renewable Energy Cheaper Than Coal initiative Gore zero-carbon proposal Mercury and coal Oldest existing coal plants Opposition to existing coal plants Retrofit vs. Phase-Out of Coal-Fired Power Plants Scrubber Retrofits at Existing Coal Plants Sulfur dioxide and coal United States and coal U.S. Coal Capacity by Year 

### External Links Courtney Abrams, "America's Biggest Polluters: Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Power Plants in 2007," (http://cdn.publicinterestn etwork.org /assets/935e22b3277135e3f541a58c664ae2a8/EA_web.pdf) Environment America Research & Policy Center, November 2009. Ted Nace, "Meet the Boomers: What's the best way to phase out the huge fleet of aging coal plants?" (http://gristmill.grist.org /story/2008/11 /10/151814/44) , Grist , November 11, 2008. Ted Nace, "Death of a Thousand Cuts: A Messy But Practical Strategy for Phasing out the U.S. Coal Fleet," (http://www.grist.org/article/deathof-a-thousand-cuts) Grist, March 20, 2010. "Innovations for Existing Power Plants," (http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/pollutioncontrols/) Department of Energy "Benchmarking Air Emissions of the 100 Largest Electric Power Producers in the U.S. - 2006," (http://www.nrdc.org/air/pollution /benchmarking/default.asp) Natural Resources Defense Council "Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category: 2007/2008 Detailed Study Report," (http://nepis.epa.gov/EPA/html /DLwait.htm?url=/Adobe/PDF/P1001I4V.PDF) U.S Environmental Protection Agency, August 2008 "Impact of EPA Rules on Power Markets," (http://op.bna.com/env.nsf/id/jstn-8actja/$File/suisse.pdf) Credit Suisse, September 23 , 2010 Technical Support Document for the Powerplant Impact Estimator Software Tool (http://www.catf.us/resources/publications/files /Abt-Technical_Support_Document_for_the_Powerplant_Impact_Estimator_Software_Tool.pdf) , prepared by Abt Associates for the Cle an Air Task Force, July 2010 (state-by-state mortality and morbidity figures - Table 37, page 97) Metin Celebi, "Potential Coal Plant Retirements Under Emerging Environmental Regulations" (http://www.brattle.com/_documents /UploadLibrary/Upload898.pdf) The Brattle Group, December 8, 2010 "Ensuring a Clean, Modern Electric Generating Fleet while Maintaining Electric System Reliability," (http://grist.s3.amazonaws. com/eparegs /MJBAandAnalysisGroupReliabilityReportAugust2010.pdf) M.J. Bradley & Associates LLC, August 2010 "Coal -Fired Electric Generation Unit Retirement Analysis," (http://www.ingaa.org/File.aspx?id=10371) ICF International for The INGAA Foundation & INGAA, May 18, 2010"Growth from Subtraction," (http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=b42de70d-b814-4410-831d34b180846a19) Credit Suisse, September 23, 2010 Retrieved from "http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants" Categories: Coal Issues | Energy | Existing coal plants in the United States | Citizen activism on coal This page was last modified on 25 March 2011, at 16:50. Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License 1.3. 

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