J-A31001-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

BERKSHIRE COMMONS III, 

ASSOCIATION, INC., BERKSHIRE 

COMMONS ASSOCIATION, INC.,

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellees

v.

BERKS ORAL SURGERY, LTD.,

Appellant No. 644 MDA 2014

Appeal from the Order Entered March 14, 2014

In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County

Civil Division at No(s): 12-23946

BEFORE: BOWES, OTT, and STABILE, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED DECEMBER 09, 2014

Berks Oral Surgery, Ltd. (“Berks”) appeals from the grant of a 

permanent injunction in favor of Berkshire Commons III, Association Inc., 

and Berkshire Commons Association, Inc. (collectively “Berkshire”).1 We 

affirm.

This dispute arose after the installation of bright-orange signs by Berks 

in a corporate campus consisting of various businesses. Berkshire brought 

suit seeking injunctive relief and complaining that the signs violated a 

protective restrictive covenant to which the parties are subject. The entire 

____________________________________________

1

Pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(4), an order granting an injunction is an 

interlocutory order appealable as of right.
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agreement is recorded in the Berks County Recorder of Deeds, and the 

covenant provided in pertinent part,

All signs shall be of the size and nature that will preserve 

the quality and atmosphere of the park and conform with 

applicable local zoning ordinances.

Signs attached to a building shall not project above the 

building’s highest roof line nor shall the rear side of any sign be 

visible. Ground level signs shall be low, compatible with the site 

and blended with the landscaping.

No sign of a flashing or moving character nor an exposed 

neon light will be permitted within the Park.

Only signs presenting the owner’s or tenant’s name or 

trademark will be allowed. Directional signs designating ingress 

or egress and parking and loading areas shall be permitted 

subject to the Manager’s approval.

The Manager shall approve the size, color and material 

from which signs are to be constructed and placement of all 

signs and reserves the right to require all signage throughout the 

Park to be of similar materials and design.

Instrument Establishing Protective Covenants for Berkshire Corporate 

Campus, at 6. 

The covenant defined the term “Manager;” however, there was no 

dispute that no manager existed when Berks installed its signage. Berkshire 

averred that the color of the signs violated the covenant. The testimony at 

trial revealed that the signs of the other business entities in the park were 

green or bronze and smaller than Berks’ new signs. Several of Berks’ new 

signs also were backlit to illuminate at night in a tangerine color. Berks did 

not seek permission from other tenants or property owners to install the 
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signs. Following trial, where a representative for both Berkshire and Berks 

testified, the trial court ruled in favor of Berkshire. 

Thereafter, judgment was entered and this timely appeal ensued. The 

trial court directed Berks to file and serve a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise 

statement of errors complained of on appeal. Berks complied, and the trial 

court authored its Rule 1925(a) opinion. The matter is now ready for this 

Court’s review. Berks presents three issues for our consideration. 

A. Did the decision and verdict of the trial court holding that 

Appellant, Berks Oral Surgery Ltd.’s signs violated the 

protective covenants constitute an abuse of discretion or error 

of law where Pennsylvania law requires that restrictive 

covenants be strictly construed against the party seeking 

enforcement and by not resolving every doubt and ambiguity 

in favor of the free nonrestricted use of real property?

B. Was the decision and verdict of the trial court requiring that 

any replacement signs shall be submitted to plaintiff’s 

representatives for approval, an abuse of discretion or error 

of law when the protective covenants provide that the signs 

shall be submitted to the manager of the Berkshire corporate 

campus?

C. Was the decision and verdict of the trial court entering 

judgment in favor of Berkshire Commons III Association, Inc. 

and Ber[k]shire Commons Association, Inc., an abuse of 

discretion or error of law when neither corporation provided a 

resolution authorizing the filing of this action and Berkshire 

Commons Association, Inc. did not present any evidence.

Appellant’s brief at 4.

A permanent injunction may only be awarded where the party seeking 

the injunction establishes a clear right to relief. Buffalo Tp. v. Jones, 813 

A.2d 659, 663 (Pa. 2002). “However, unlike a claim for a preliminary 
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injunction, the party need not establish either irreparable harm or immediate 

relief and a court ‘may issue a final injunction if such relief is necessary to 

prevent a legal wrong for which there is no adequate redress at law.’” Id. 

Our standard of review when reviewing the grant or denial of a permanent 

injunction is de novo and our scope of review is plenary. Id. at 664 n.4. 

Berks’ initial claim is that the trial court erred in finding that its sign 

violated the protective covenant by failing to construe the covenant against 

the parties seeking enforcement and not resolving any ambiguities in Berks’ 

favor. It maintains that Berkshire did not allege that the size of Berks’ signs 

was problematic, but focused on their color. Berks further submits that the 

protective covenant does not prohibit any specific color and another tenant 

has orange on its signs. It continues that restrictive covenants are to be 

strictly construed and it did not violate any specific provision because the 

color of the signs is not expressly covered by the covenant. In addition, 

Berks notes that its signs do not protrude above the roof line of its building, 

nor is it flashing, moving or neon. Lastly, it asserts that because there is no 

manager, it was not required to submit the size, color, and material of its 

signs for approval.

Berkshire responds that the restrictive covenant herein is enforceable, 

and that it is to be construed by looking to the subject matter, intent, and 

purpose of the parties. It contends that as a professional office campus, it is 

impermissible for Berks to place signs in the campus that are larger than the 
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signs of “other tenants, obnoxious in color and located over top of the 

entrance sign.” Appellees’ brief at 5. 

Instantly, we find no error of law. The interpretation of a restrictive 

covenant focuses on the intention of the parties at the time the agreement is 

entered. Pocono Summit Realty, LLC v. Ahmad Amer, LLC, 52 A.3d 

261, 269 (Pa.Super. 2012). Where the restrictive covenant applies to the 

use of land, as here, it is not favored but is legally enforceable. Such 

covenants are strictly construed in favor of the free and unrestricted use of 

property and against the party seeking to enforce the covenant. Id. 

“As a matter of law, nothing short of a ‘plain disregard’ of the 

restrictive covenant's express terms can create violation of the covenant.” 

Id. To determine if a covenant has been plainly disregarded, we rely on the 

ordinary meaning of the words used in the covenant to determine the 

parties’ intent. Id. We do not enlarge a restraint by implication. Id. 

In conducting this analysis, we construe the covenant “in light of: (1) 

their language; (2) the nature of their subject matter; (3) the apparent 

object or purpose of the parties; and (4) the circumstances or conditions 

surrounding their execution.” Id. 

While the restrictive covenant does not preclude a specific color for 

signs, it does mandate that signs be of the same nature as the other signs in 

the park. Berks’ signs are not uniform with the existing business signs. 

Insofar as one other business has a small amount of orange on its signs, 
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Berks is still not entitled to relief. The entire background color of Berks 

signs is tangerine orange, which is illuminated at night. These facts alone 

strongly distinguish Berks’ signs from the remaining signs in the campus. 

The purpose behind the sign covenant was to maintain consistency among 

the signs in the campus. Berks’ signs plainly violate that purpose. 

In Berks second issue, it argues that because the trial court directed it 

to submit signs for approval by the representatives of Berkshire, it is placing 

a “veto power over any signs which Berks erects in the future.” Appellant’s 

brief at 15. According to Berks, the trial court has rewritten the protective 

covenant by not requiring a manager to approve the signs. 

The only citation to authority by Berks pertains to the boilerplate law 

that restrictive covenants are not favored. Thus, it has failed to show that it 

is entitled to relief. Moreover, we disagree that the absence of a manager 

voids the remaining provisions of the restrictive covenant and allows any 

entity in the campus to install whatever sign it wishes. The trial court’s 

direction that Berks’ signs be approved by Berkshire in the absence of a 

manager does not impermissibly rewrite the covenant. The covenant 

provides that all signs should be of the nature and size that preserve the 

quality of the park and limits signs in other manners. Under Berks’ theory, 

they could install large flashing neon signs above their roof because no 

manager exists. This interpretation is untenable. 
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Berks’ final argument is that because Berkshire did not pass a 

resolution authorizing it to file a lawsuit, the two corporations were not 

authorized to file suit. This position is devoid of any citation to law and is 

both waived, Eichman v. McKeon, 824 A.2d 305, 319-320 (Pa.Super. 

2003), and without any legal merit. 

Order affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 12/9/2014