FI RST DI VI SI ON

PHI PPS, C. J.

, ELLI NGTON, P. J.

, and M CM ILLI A N, J.

N O T IC E : M otions for r e c ons i de r a tion m us t be

ph y sic a l ly r e ce iv ed i n our c le r k ’s offic e w ithin te n

da y s of the da te of de c is ion to be de e m ed tim e ly file d.

http://w w w .ga a ppe a ls .us /r ule s /

Decem ber 18, 2014



# I n th e Co u r t o f

A p p eals o f

G eo r g ia

A1 4 A1 50 9 . BEAVER v

. THE STATE.

M C M ILLI A N , J u dg e.

Fo l l owi n g a ju ry t ri al i n No v em b er 2 0 1 2

, Greg o ry Beav er w as co n v i ct ed o f 1 5

co u nt s o f s ex u al ex p l o i t at i on o f ch i ld ren an d s en t en ced t o 2 0 y ears

, 1 5 t o s e r ve.

Beav er t i m el y

fi l ed a m ot io n fo r n ew t ri al , wh i ch t h e t ri al co u rt d en i ed . On ap p eal

,

Beav er as s ert s t h at (1 ) t h e ev i d en ce was i n s u ffi ci en t t o s u s t ai n h is co n v i ct i on s an d (2 )

t h e t ri al co u rt erred i n al lo wi n g t h e ju ry t o v i ew p o rt io n s o f p o rn o g rap h i c v i d eo s

reco v ered fro m

h i s co m pu t er. Fi n d i n g n o erro r, we affi rm

.

Vi ewed i n t h e l i g ht m o s t fav o rab l e to t h e ju ry ’ s v erd i ct

, 1 t h e ev i den ce s h o ws

t h at Fo rs y t h Co u n ty Sh eri ff’ s Offi ce I n v e s t i g at o r J effrey Ro e co n d u ct ed

i n v es t i g at i o n s o v er t h e i n t ern et as a m em b er o f th e In t ern et Cri m es Ag ai n s t Ch i l d ren

1 Ja cks o n v. Vi r

gi n i a , 4 4 3 U.S. 3 0 7 (9 9 SCt 2 7 8 1 , 6 1 LE2 d 5 6 0 ) (1 9 7 9 ).Tas k Fo rce

. A s p a r t o f h i s i nv es t i g at i o n s, Ro e wo rk ed t o i d en t i fy co m p ut ers t h at

co n tai n ed s u s p ect ed ch i l d p o rn o g rap h y

. In p art i cu l ar, t h e t as k fo rce m em b ers l o o k ed

fo r “ fi l e s h ari n g ” p ro g ram s

, wh i ch al l o w co m p u ters on t h e sam e n et wo rk t o acces s

co n ten t fro m o t h er co m

p u t ers

. Li m eW i re, wh i ch w as lat er co n fi rm ed t o h av e b een

i n s t al led o n t h e co m

p u t er u s ed b y Beav er, was s u ch a p ro g ram

. At tri al

, Ro e

ex p lai n ed h ow Li m eW i re wo rk s

, i ncl u d i n g h o w u s ers s earch fo r a n d d o wn l o ad

p art i cu l ar fi l e s

. H e a l s o ex pl ai n ed t h at each fi l e h as a “ h as h v al ue,” wh i ch i s a

n u m eri cal v al u e u n iq ue t o ev ery fi l e, m u ch l i ke a d i g i tal fi ng erp ri n t. As a res u l t o f h i s

i n v es t i g at i o n

, Ro e i d en t i fi ed an IP 2 ad dres s t h at w as u ti l izi n g th e Li m eW i re p ro g ram

t o acces s fi l es t hat h e s u s p ect ed co n t ai n ed ch i l d po rn o g rap h y

. Th e IP ad d r es s

b el o n g ed t o J u d y V es s

, Beav er’ s m o t h er. At t h at t i m e, Beav er w a s l i v in g at h i s

m o th er’ s h om e, al o n g wi t h h i s wi fe, Ch ri s t i n a Deal

, an d h er y o u ng d au g h t er.

R o e t h en h an d ed t h e i nfo rm at i on o v er t o l o cal i n v es t i g at o r Katr ia Johnson, w ho

e x e c u t ed a s earch warran t at V es s ’ s h o m e i n M ay 20 1 0

. GBI fo ren s i c co m p u t e r

s p eci al i s t Vi ck i e Ad am s ex am i n ed t wo co m p u t ers fo un d at t hat ad d res s

. Th e o n e in

Ves s’ s o ffi ce di d n o t c o n t a i n an y ev i d en ce o f ch il d p o rn o grap h y

. Ho wev er, t h e

2 IP s t an d s fo r in t ern et p ro t o co l. Ro e ex p lai n ed t h at i t i s l i k e a tel ep h o n e

n u m b er fo r a co m

p u t er an d t h at n o t wo co m p u t ers on t h e i nt ern et m ai n tai n t h e s am e

IP ad d res s at t h e s am e t i m e.

2co m

p u t er fo un d i n s i d e Beav er’ s b ed ro o m was u lt i m at el y fo u n d to co n t ai n k n o wn

ch i l d p o rn o g rap h y 3 i n fi v e s ep arat e l o cat i o n s : a fo ld er lab el ed “ Ch r i s si e m u s i c

fo l d er,” a Li m eW i re s av ed fo l d er, th e recy cl e b i n

, a f o l d e r c o nt ai n i n g i n co m

p l et e

d o wn l o ad s

, an d th e co m

pu t er’ s u n al l o cat ed s pace. Ad am s was ab l e to d et erm i n e t h at

ap p ro x i m at el y

5 4 p i ct u res an d 2 3 v i d eo s h ad been d o wn l o ad ed b et ween M ay 2 0 0 9

an d M ay 2 0 1 0

. 4 Sh e tes ti fi ed a s t o t h e d at es an d t i m es of t h e do wn l o ad s

, an d s h o rt

p o rt i on s o f s o m e o f t he v id eo s were b ri efl y d i s p l ay ed t o t h e ju ro rs

.

At t ri al

, Deal t es t i fi ed t h at s h e an d Beav er m et i n M arch 2 0 0 9

, an d h e m o v ed

i n wi t h h er t h e fo l l o wi n g m o n t h

. At t h e t i m e, s h e w as l iv i n g wi t h h er p aren t s an d h er

i n fan t d au g h t er. Sh e a n d B e a v e r m arri ed i n J u ne 2 00 9 an d co n t i nu ed l i v i n g i n a

co n vert ed g arag e in t h e b ack o f h er p aren t s ’ h om e. In 2 0 08

, Deal ’ s b ro th er an d fat h er

h ad b u i l t h er a co m

p u ter s o t h at s h e co u l d g o b ack t o s ch o o l. Sh e ex pl ai ned t h at s h e

3 Th o s e fi l es had a k n o wn h as h v al u e, wh i ch m ean s t h at t h e v i ct i m s d ep i ct ed

i n t h e fi l es h ad b een p rev io u s l y i d en t i fi ed b y t h e N at i o n al Cen t er fo r M i ss i n g an d

Ex p lo i t ed Ch i l d ren o r th e fi l es h ad p rev i o us l y been u s ed i n a cas e an d d eem ed ch i ld

p o rn og rap hy

. At t ri al

, p ed i at ri ci an Dan a Ho g an t es t i fi ed fo r t h e St at e as an ex p ert in

d et erm i n i n g ch i ld ren ’ s ag es u s i n g t h e T an n er Scal e. In h er o pi n i o n

, t h e ch i l d ren

d ep ict ed i n t h e m at eri al s d es cri b ed i n each of t he rem ai ni n g co u n ts o f th e i n d i ct m en t

ran g ed i n ag e fro m

6 y ears t o 1 6 y ears

.

4 Th e St at e u l t i m at el y

i n d i ct ed Beav er o n 1 9 co u n t s o f sex u al ex p l o i t at i o n o f

ch i l d ren i n v i o l at i o n o f OCGA § 1 6 -1 2

- 1 0 0

, b ut no l l e p ro s s ed fo ur co u n t s o f t h e

i n d i ct m en t ju s t p ri o r t o t ri al

.

3d o wn l o ad ed Li m eW i re ri g h t aft er s h e r e c e i v ed t h e co m pu t er s o t h at s h e co u ld

d o wn l o ad m

u s i c. Ho wev er, o n ce Beav er m o v ed i n w i t h h er, wh en ev er s h e wan t ed to

d o w n l o ad n ew m

u si c, s h e w ou l d as k Beav er t o d o w n l o ad i t fo r h er. Al t h ou g h h er

co m p u t er was p as s wo rd p ro t ect ed , Beav er k n ew t h e p as s wo rd

.

Beav er was n o t em

p l o y ed an d wo u l d s t ay at h om e an d u s e t h e co m p u ter d ai l y

.

Deal b eg an wo rk i ng i n Sep t em b er 2 0 0 9 an d wo u l d s o m et im es n o t ret u rn h o m e u n t i l

aft er h er s h i ft en d ed at m i d n i g h t

. Sh e oft en s aw Beav er us i n g t h e co m p u t er w h en s h e

wo k e u p i n t h e m o rn i n g an d ag ai n wh en s h e w en t t o b ed at n i gh t

. In Jan u ary 2 0 1 0,

t h ey m o v ed to Ves s ’ s ho u s e wh ere s h e, Beav er, an d h er d au g h t er s h ared a bed ro o m

.

Sh e b ro u g h t h er co m

p ut er wi t h t h em , an d Beav er co n t i n u ed t o u s e i t d ai ly

.

Beav er was arres t ed n o t t o o l o n g aft er t h ey m ov ed i n wi t h Ves s

, bu t ret u rn ed

at ap p ro x i m at el y m i d n i g h t o n M arch 1 8, 2 0 1 0

. 5 D e a l t es ti fi ed t h at s h e was u p s et

wh en Beav er i m

m ed iat el y b eg an u s i n g th e co m p u t er ag ai n as s o o n as h e cam e h o m e

an d s t a ye d o n t he co m

p u ter aft er s h e wen t t o s l eep

. Th e St at e p res en ted s t i p u l at ed

ev i d en ce t h at Beav er was i n fact i n carcerat ed t h ree s ep arat e t i m es aft er h e m arri ed

Deal : (1 ) fro m Au g u s t 3

, 2 0 0 9 t o Au g us t 1 3

, 2 00 9 ; (2 ) fro m D ecem b er 1

, 2 0 0 9 to

Decem b er 2 2

, 2 0 0 9 ; an d (3 ) fro m Feb ru ary 27

, 2 0 1 0 t o M arch 1 8

, 2 0 1 0

. N o fi l es

5 Th at arres t was u n rel at ed t o t he ch arg es b ro u g h t i n t h i s cas e.

4co n tai n i n g c h i l d p o rn og rap hy t h at were l o cat ed o n t h e co m p u ter fo un d i n Beav er’ s

b ed ro o m were d o wn lo ad ed d u ri n g an y o f t h o s e th ree p eri od s o f i n carcerat i o n, b u t o n e

s u ch fi l e was d o wn l o ad ed ju s t h o u rs aft er Beav er w as rel eas ed fro m jai l o n M arch 1 8,

2 0 1 0

. Th e ju ry co n v i ct ed Beav er o n al l co u n t s

, an d t h e t ri al co u rt d en i ed h i s

s u b s eq u en t m o t io n fo r n ew t ri al . Th i s ap p eal fo l l o wed

.

1 . W e fi rs t ad d res s Beav er’ s ch al l en ge as t o t h e s u ffi ci en cy o f t he ev i d en ce.

W h en a cri m in al d efen d an t ch al l en g es t h e s uffi ci en cy o f t h e e v i d en ce

s u p p o rt i n g h i s o r h er co n v i ct i o n

, t h e rel ev an t q ues t i o n i s wh et her, aft er

v i ewi n g t h e ev i d en ce i n t h e l i g h t m o s t fav o rab l e t o t h e pro s ecu t io n

, a ny

rat i o n al t ri er of fact co u l d h av e fo u nd t h e es s en t ial el em en ts of t h e cri m e

b ey o n d a reas o n ab l e d ou b t . Th e ju ry

, n ot th i s Co u rt , res o l v es co nfl i ct s

i n t h e tes ti m o n y

, wei g h s t h e ev i d en ce, an d d raws reas o nab l e i n feren ces

fr om b as i c fact s to ul t i m at e fact s

. As l o n g as th ere i s s om e co m p et en t

ev i d en ce, ev en t h o u g h co n t rad i ct ed

, t o s up p o rt each fact n eces s ary t o

m ak e o ut t h e St at e’ s cas e, t h e ju ry ’ s v erd i ct wi l l b e u p h el d

.

(Ci t at i o n s an d p u n ct uat i o n o m i t t ed ; em p h as i s i n o ri g in a l

. ) Wr i

g h t v. S ta t e

, 3 0 2 Ga.

Ap p . 3 3 2 , 3 3 2 (6 9 0 SE2 d 6 5 4 ) (2 0 1 0 ).

Beav er cl ai m s th at th e St at e fai l ed to ex cl u d e ev ery ot h er rea sona ble hy poth es i s

s av e t h at o f h i s g u i lt p u rs u an t to OCGA § 2 4 -4 -6

. 6 Ho wev er,

6 Th i s cas e w as t ri ed u n d er Geo rg i a’ s p rev i o u s Ev id en ce Co d e. Fo rm er OCGA

§ 24 -4 -6 p ro v i d ed t h at

, “ [ t ] o w arran t a co n vi ct i o n o n ci rcu m s t an t i al ev i d en ce, t h e

5[ q ]u es t i o n s as t o t h e reas o n ab l en es s o f hy po t hes es are g en eral l y to b e

d eci ded b y t h e ju ry wh i ch h eard t h e ev i d en c e a n d wh ere t h e j u ry i s

au t h ori zed to fi n d th at t h e e v i d en ce, t ho u g h ci rcu m s t an t ial

, w as

s u ffi ci en t t o ex cl u d e ev ery reas on ab l e hy p o t h es i s sav e t h at o f g ui lt

, t hat

fi nd in g wi l l n o t b e d i s t u rb ed u n l es s t h e v erd i ct o f g u il t i s i n s u pp o rt ab l e

as a m at t er o f l aw.

(Ci t at i o n an d p u nct u at io n o m i tt ed .) W r ig h t , 3 0 2 Ga. Ap p . at 3 3 3.

Beav er arg ues t h at t h ere are o t h er reas o n ab l e hy po t hes e s t o ex pl ai n h o w t h e

ch i l d po rn o g rap h y cam e t o be o n t h e co m p ut er. Nam el y

, a co m

p u t er vi ru s co u l d h av e

b een res po n s i b l e fo r d o wn l o ad i n g t h e f i les

, o r o th er p eo pl e, i n cl u d i n g Deal ’ s t wo

b ro t h ers

– wh o were co m pu t er s av v y

, d i d n o t l i k e hi m

, an d h ad acces s t o t h e

co m p u t er – co u l d hav e d o w n l o a d ed t h e fi l es

. Ho wev er, Ad am s

, a GBI ex p ert in

co m p u t er fo ren s i cs

, e x p l a i n ed t h at

, al t h o u g h t h ere were vi ru s es o n t h e co m p u t er,

wh i ch were “ v ery co m

m o n ,” th ere was n o ev i d en ce th at a v i ru s h ad d o wn l o ad ed an y

o f t h e i l l eg al fi l es

. A d am s co n cl u d ed t h at

, b ecau se o n ly s om e o f th e fi l es were

d el et ed

, an d ot h er fi l es were fo u n d i n vari o u s fo ld ers an d d o w n l o a d ed o n m u l t i p l e

p ro v ed fact s s hal l n o t o n l y b e co n s i s t en t wi t h t h e hy p o t h es i s o f g u i l t

, bu t s h al l

ex cl u d e ev ery o t h er reas o n ab l e h y p o t h es i s s av e t hat o f t h e g u i l t of t h e a c cu s ed .”

Fo rm er OCGA § 2 4 -4 -6 is carri ed fo rward i n t h e n ew Ev i d en ce Co d e as OCGA § 2 4

-

1 4 -6

.

6d a y s

, t h ey were n o t th e res u l t o f a v i ru s

. Mo reo v er, s h e h ad n ev er s een a c a s e i n

wh i ch a v i ru s co n d u ct ed a search fo r ch i l d po rn o g rap h y o n a fi l e-s h ari ng pro g ram an d

t h en do wn lo ad ed t h e fi l es o nt o s o m eo n e’ s co m p ut er. Sh e al s o fo u n d n o ev i d en ce t h at

an y o n e h ad “ h ack ed ” i n t o t he co m p u t er.

In ad d i t i o n

, Deal an d her m o t h er b o t h t es t i fi ed t h at t hey d i d n o t d o wn lo ad ch i ld

p o rn og rap hy o n t o t he c o m p u t er. Ves s l i k ewi se t es t i fi ed t h at s he n ev er d o wn l o ad ed

o r v i ewed ch i l d po rn o g rap h y o n t h e co m p ut er. Deal ’ s b ro t h er wh o h el p ed b u i l d t h e

co m p u t er t es t i fi ed t h at i t was n ew an d “ cl ean ” wh en h e g av e i t t o h is si s t er. He m o v ed

o u t o f h i s p aren t s’ h o u s e i n 2 0 0 4 o r 20 0 5 an d n ev er rem o tel y acces s ed t h e co m p u t er.

Deal ’ s o t h er b ro t h er al s o t es t i fi ed at t ri al an d s tat ed t h at h e n ev er l iv ed at h i s p aren t s ’

h o u s e wh i l e Beav er was t here, h e n ev er u s ed t he co m pu t er wh en h e v i s it ed

, an d h e

n ev er rem o t el y acces s ed i t

. Bo t h b ro t h ers s p eci fi cal l y d en i ed do wn l o ad i n g ch i ld

p o rn og rap hy

o n t o t he co m

p u t er.

W h i l e i t m ay h av e b een p o s s i b l e fo r s o m eo n e el s e t o h av e l earn ed t h e

co m p u t er’ s p as s w o rd

, g ai ned acces s to t h e co m p u t er, an d d own l o ad ed t he i l l eg al fi l es

b eg in n i n g j u s t o n e m o nt h a f t e r Beav er m o v ed i n wi t h Deal an d o n l y o n d ay s wh en

Beav er was n o t i n carcerat ed

, “ wh et her s u ch a h y p o t h es i s was reas o n ab l e o r

i m p ro b ab l y co i n ci d en t al was fo r t h e ju ry t o d et erm i n e.” W r i g h t

, 3 0 2 Ga. Ap p

. at 3 3 4.

7See al s o McNea l v. S t a t e

, 3 26 Ga. Ap p

. 4 2 9, 4 32 (1 ) ( 7 5 6 SE2 d 6 6 0 ) (2 0 1 4 ) (“ In

o rd er t o s u p p o rt a co n v i ct i o n

, s u ch ci rcu m s t an t i al ev i d en ce d o es n o t h av e t o ex cl u d e

ever y p o s s i b l e hy

p o t h es i s o t h er t h an t he defen d an t ’ s g u i l t

, b ut o n l y r ea s o n a b l e

h y p o t h es es .”) (ci tat i o n om i t t ed ; em p h as is i n o ri g i n al ) ; Co x v. St a te

, 30 0 Ga. Ap p.

1 0 9

, 1 1 0 (6 8 4 SE2 d 14 7 ) (2 0 0 9 ) (reas o n ab l e h y p o t h es es d o n o t i n cl u d e “ b are

p o s s i b i l i ti es t h at t h e cri m e c o ul d h av e b een co m m i t t ed b y s o m eo n e el s e”) (ci t at i o n

an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed ). Gi v en t h e reco rd b efo re u s

, w e can n o t s ay t h at t he ju ry ’ s

g u i l t y v erd ict s are i n s u p po rt ab l e as a m at t er o f law. See Ha yn es v. St a te

, 3 1 7 Ga. Ap p.

4 0 0 (7 3 1 SE2 d 8 3 ) (2 0 1 2 ) (ev id en ce s h o wi n g t hat fi les co n t ai n i n g ch il d p o rn o g rap hy

fo u n d o n d efen d an t ’ s co m p u t er h ad b een i n t en ti o n al l y m o v ed or do wn l o ad ed t o h i s

co m p u t er an d t h e fi l es h ad b ee n m o d i f i e d o n v ari o u s d at es was s u ffi ci en t an d an y

co n fl i ct i n g ev i den ce was fo r t h e ju ry t o res o l ve). See al s o Ten n i l l e v. S t at e

, 2 7 9 Ga.

8 8 4

, 8 8 5 (2 ) (6 2 2 SE2 d 3 46 ) (2 0 0 5 ) (wh et h er ev i d en ce o f eq u al acces s i s su ffi ci en t

t o reb ut i n feren ce o f p o s s es s i o n ari si n g fro m d i s co v ery o f co n t rab an d o n d efen d an t ’ s

co m p u t er was a q u es t i o n fo r t h e t ri er o f fact ).

2

. Beav er al so co n t en d s t h at t h e t ri al co urt erred i n al l o wi n g t h e ju ry t o v i ew

p o rt i on s o f t h e vi d eo s rat h er t h an s t i l l s h o t s t a k e n f ro m t h e v i deo s

. Pri o r t o t ri al

,

Beav er m o v ed i n l i m i n e t o p recl u d e t h e St at e fro m p res en t i n g t he act u al v i d eo s t o t h e

8ju ry

, arg u i n g t h at s h o wi n g v i d eo cl i p s rat h er t han s t il l s h o ts w as u n fai rl y p reju d i ci al

.

Th e t ri al co u r t d e n i e d h i s m o t i o n

, bu t l i m i t ed t h e St at e’ s p res en t at i on o f th e v i d eo s

t o 1 0 -1 2 s eco n d s per v i deo

. 7 T h e t es t fo r ex cl u d i n g rel ev an t ev i d en ce has b een wel l

s et o u t : “ rel ev an t ev i d en c e m ay b e ex cl ud ed i f it s p ro b at iv e v al u e is su b s t an t i al l y

o u t wei gh ed b y th e dan g er o f u n fai r p reju d i ce, co n fu s i o n o f t he i s su es

, o r m i s l ead i n g

t h e ju ry .” (Ci t at i on an d p u n ct uat i o n o m i t ted .) Ro ss v. S t a t e

, 2 7 9 Ga. 3 65

, 3 66 (2 ) (6 1 4

SE2 d 3 1 ) (2 0 0 5 ). An d

, a “ t ri al co u rt ’ s d et erm i nat i o n o n t h i s i s s u e w i l l n o t b e

d i s t u rb ed ab s en t an ab u s e o f d is cret i o n.” Id

.

“ Th e t erm u n fai r p reju d i ce, as t o a cri m i nal d efen d an t

, s p eak s t o t h e cap aci t y

o f s om e co n ced ed ly rel ev an t ev i d en ce to l u re t he fact fi nd er i n to d ecl ari n g g u i l t o n a

g ro u nd d i fferen t fro m p ro o f s p eci fi c t o th e o ffen s e ch arg ed .” (Ci t at i o n an d

p u n ct u at i o n o m it t ed .) R o s s

, 2 7 9 Ga. at 3 6 7 (2 ). In S i mp s o n v. S t a t e

, 2 7 1 Ga. 7 7 2 (5 2 3

SE2 d 3 2 0 ) (1 9 9 9 ), t h e Su p rem e Co u rt cl ari fi ed t h at i n a pro s ecu t io n fo r a s ex u al

o ffen s e, sex u al l y ex p li ci t m at eri al can o n l y b e ad m i t t ed if i t can b e l i n k ed t o t h e cri m e

ch arg ed

. Id

. at 7 7 4 (1 ). H ere, t h e v i d eo s pres en t ed were cl earl y d i rect l y rel ev an t t o t h e

s p eci fi c o ffen s es ch arg ed

. An d wh ere t h e t ri al co u rt l im i t ed t h ei r p reju di ci al i m p act

7 Th e t ri al co u rt o t herwi s e p erm it t ed t h e S ta te to intro du ce tes t i m on y d es cri b i n g

t h e act u al l en g t h an d o veral l co n t en t o f each v i d eo

.

9b y s i g n i fi can t l y res t ri ct in g t he S t a t e ’s u s e o f t h e v i d eo s t h at w ere t h em s el v es t h e

s u b ject o f t he ch arg es ag ai n s t Beav er, we fi n d n o ab us e o f d i s cret i o n

. 8 See Hen d er so n

v. S t a te

, 3 2 0 Ga. A p p. 55 3

, 5 5 5 (1 ) (7 4 0 SE2 d 28 0 ) (2 0 1 3) (n o t i n g th at j u ry was

au t h o ri zed t o co n cl ud e t h at t h e ch i l d ren d ep i ct ed i n v i d eo s were cl earl y p rep u b es cen t

an d t h e St at e t h erefo re m et i t s bu rd en o f p ro vi n g t h e ch i l d ren were u n d er t h e ag e o f

1 8 ). See al s o Ro s s

, 2 7 9 Ga. a t 3 6 7 ( 2 ) (“ a cri m in al defen d an t m ay n o t s ti pu l at e o r

ad m i t h i s way o u t o f t h e f u l l e v i d en t iary fo rce o f t he cas e as t h e St at e ch o o s es to

p res en t i t ”) (ci t at i o n an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed ).

Acco rd i ng l y

, t he t ri al co u rt d i d n o t err i n d en y i ng B e a v e r ’ s m ot i on fo r n ew

t ri al

.

Ju d g men t a f f i r m ed . Ph i

p p s , C. J., a n d

El l i ng t on , P. J., co n cu r

.

8 W e al s o no t e t h at Beav er d o es n o t arg u e th at th e co n t en t o f t h e 1 0 -1 2 s eco n d

v i d eo c l i p s w a s u n rep res en t at i v e o f wh at was d ep i ct ed o n t h e v i d eo s

, o r t h at t h e

s p eci fi c co n t en t s h o wn was m o re p reju di ci al th an wh at w o u l d b e p o r t r ay ed in

co rres p o n d i n g s t i l l s h o t s, o t h er t h an m ak i ng t h e u n su p po rt ed as s ert i o n t h at m o v i n g

v i d eo i s al w ay s m o re p reju d i ci al t h an s ti l l s h o t s

.

10