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You are here: Home /          Publications /          EIB: Economic Information Bulletin /          The Transformation of U.S. Livestock Agriculture: Scale, Efficiency, and Risks

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## Sections

              - Overview
              - Report summary

## Related Topics

              - Animal Products
              - Cattle & Beef
              - Hogs & Pork
              - Poultry & Eggs
              - Farm Economy
              - Agricultural Productivity
              - Farm Structure and Organization
              - Crop & Livestock Practices

### The Transformation of U.S. Livestock Agriculture: Scale, Efficiency, and Risks

James  MacDonaldWilliam  McBride
Economic Information Bulletin No. (EIB-43) 46 pp, January 2009

        U.S. livestock production has shifted to much larger and more specialized farms, and the various stages of input provision, farm production, and processing are now much more tightly coordinated through formal contracts and shared ownership of assets. Important financial advantages have driven these structural changes, which in turn have boosted productivity growth in the livestock sector. But structural changes can also generate environmental and health risks for society, as industrialization concentrates animals and animal wastes in localized areas. This report relies on farm-level data to detail the nature, causes, and effects of structural changes in livestock production.

**Keywords:** Livestock, dairy, broilers, hogs, fed cattle, farm structure, scale economies, contract agriculture, CAFOs, growth-promoting antibiotics

**In this publication...**
            - Report summary ,    154 kb |  HTML
            - Abstract, Contents, and Summary ,    46 kb
            - Introduction ,    24 kb
            - How Has the Structure of Animal Agriculture Changed? ,    150 kb
            - Drivers of Structural Change: Technology and Scale Economies ,    199 kb
            - Other Drivers of Structural Change ,    21 kb
            - Impacts of Structural Change ,    175 kb
            - Conclusions ,    16 kb
            - References ,    22 kb
            - Entire report ,    675 kb
            - Download EIB43.zip ,    225 kb

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**Last updated:** Saturday, May 26, 2012

**For more information contact:**James  MacDonald and William  McBride

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