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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

Page 1 of 85
STATEMENT OF NO DATA CONFIDENTIALITY

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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE CERTIFICATION

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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

Page 3 of 85
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Introduction 

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>C!.*0#(-0*%!2D-4*E!*/I-C$,*C!8)2(.(09!#-!D*!5(#B!20!*C#*,!6-,.!.$C#!D*!8)-C*)&!*/2.(0*%!#-!

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Literature Search 

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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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3*C$)#C!6,-.!#B*C*!C*2,8B*C!5*,*!,*4(*5*%!20%!I2I*,C!8)*2,)&!$0,*)2#*%!#-!D,-.-/&0()!

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Review Criteria 

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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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Aquatic Receptors 

Algae and Plants 

'B*!)(#*,2#$,*!C*2,8B!%*C8,(D*%!2D-4*!,*#$,0*%!2!#-#2)!-6!KS!I2I*,C!8-08*,0(09!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!

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#B*(,!,*I-,#*%!*0%I-(0#CX!

Acceptable Studies 

?2,#*0!VKRRNW!%*#*,.(0*%!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!#*8B0(82)!D,-.-/&0()!#-!Selenastrum capricornutum

20%!Chorella vulgaris!$C(09!]7H:!.*#B-%-)-9&E!,*I-,#(09!2!R[^B-$,!A]>7H!-6!K!.9\1X!!

?,-5#B!52C!,*%$8*%!D&!2II,-/(.2#*)&!LOo!2#!KN!.9\1!D,-.-/&0()!20%!52C!8-.I)*#*)&!

(0B(D(#*%!2#!KNN!.9\1!D,-.-/&0()X!!=0!2!C*8-0%!,*6*,*08*E!6-$,!2)92*!CI*8(*C!VS. quadricaudaE!S. 

capricornutumE!Nitzschia!CIXE!Cyclotella meneghinianaW!20%!6(4*!8&20-D28#*,(2!CI*8(*C!

VMicrocystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria!CIXE!Pseudanabaena!CIXE!Anabaena inaequalis 20%!

Aphanizomenon flos-aquaeW!5*,*!*/I-C*%!#-!NXMS!.9\1!#*8B0(82)!D,-.-/&0()!D$#&,2#*!*C#*,!6-,!

MM!B-$,CX!!A-!C(90(6(820#!9,-5#B!(0B(D(#(-0!52C!-DC*,4*%!6-,!20&!#*C#*%!CI*8(*C!VNitzschia CIX!

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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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HB)-,-IB&8*2*!2)92*X!!>)#B-$9B!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!$I!#-!KN!.9\1!5*,*!#*C#*%E!-0)&!Hormidium 

barlowi!*/B(D(#*%!2%4*,C*!*66*8#C!(0!,*CI-0C*!#-!*/I-C$,*CX!!'B*!7HON!V9,-5#BW!6-,!#B(C!CI*8(*C!

52C!,*I-,#*%!#-!D*!D*#5**0!NXO!20%!M!.9\1!D,-.-/&0()E!5B()*!#B*!)-5*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0!2#!5B(8B!

9,-5#B!(0B(D(#(-0!-88$,,*%!52C!O!.9\1!D,-.-/&0()X!!"(.()2,)&E!"#^12$,*0#!*#!2)X!VKRRMW!

%*#*,.(0*%!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!#*8B0(82)^9,2%*!D,-.-/&0()!#-!2)92*!S. capricornutum!#B,-$9B!

R[^B-$,!D(-2CC2&C!8-0%$8#*%!(0!*(#B*,!.(8,-I)2#*!-,!6)2CT!*/I-C$,*!C&C#*.CX!!'B*!,*C$)#(09!

7HONC!5*,*!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!D*!MXR!.9!D,-.-/&0()\1!(0!#B*!6)2CT!C&C#*.!20%!LXZ!.9!D,-.-/&0()\1!

(0!#B*!.(8,-I)2#*!*/I-C$,*CX!!Y2!*#!2)X!VMNNMW!,*I-,#*%!2!8-0C(%*,2D)&!B(9B*,!7HON!-6!SRXK!.9!

D,-.-/&0()\1!6-,!#B*!2)92*!CI*8(*C!C. vulgarisX!

'B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!D,-.-/&0()!-8#20-2#*!#-!6(4*!CI*8(*C!-6!2)92*!VPseudokirchneriella subcapitata

bS. capricornutumcE S. quadricaudaE!Scenedesmus obliquusE!Chlorella vulgarisE!20%!Chlorella 

pyrenoidosaW!52C!%*#*,.(0*%!D&!Y2!*#!2)X!VMNNPWX!!12D-,2#-,&!8$)#$,*C!5*,*!*/I-C*%!6-,!

R[!B-$,C!#-!#*8B0(82)!D,-.-/&0()!-8#20-2#*!VR[o!I$,(#&WE!20%!)(0*2,!,*9,*CC(-0!202)&C(C!

9*0*,2#*%!7HON!42)$*C!D*#5**0!ZXZL!.9\1!VP. subcapitata!bS. capricornutumcW!20%!PXOZ!.9\1!

VS. obliquusWX!!C. pyrenoidosaE!B-5*4*,E!52C!C(90(6(820#)&!.-,*!#-)*,20#!#-!D,-.-/&0()^

-8#20-2#*!#B20!#B*!-#B*,!CI*8(*C!#*C#*%E!5(#B!2!82)8$)2#*%!7HON!-6!LMZXOO!.9\1X!!A]>7H!42)$*C!

6-,!#B*!6-$,!.-C#!C*0C(#(4*!2)92*!CI*8(*C!,209*%!6,-.!NXM!.9\1!VS. quadricaudaW!#-!K!.9\1!

VS. obliquusWX!!=0!2!C*I2,2#*!I2I*,E!Y2!20%!1(209!VMNNKW!,*I-,#*%!D,-.-/&0()!7HON!42)$*C!6-,!

C. pyrenoidosa!20%!S. obliquus!D2C*%!-0!(0B(D(#(-0!-6!IB-#-C&0#B*C(CX!!H2)8$)2#*%!R[^B-$,!7HON

42)$*C!6-,!IB-#-C&0#B*C(C!(0B(D(#(-0!5*,*!ZXZ!.9\1!6-,!C. pyrenoidosa 20%!OLXZ!.9\1!6-,!

S. obliquusX!!<2(,8B()%!*#!2)X!VKRRPW!,*I-,#*%!2!R[^B-$,!D,-.-/&0()!A]>7HE!1]>7HE!20%!7HON

6-,!S. capricornutum!-6!LEKMO!p9\1E![EMON!p9\1E!20%!PEP[M!p9\1E!,*CI*8#(4*)&X!!>)#B-$9B!#*C#!

8-08*0#,2#(-0C!5*,*!0-#!CI*8(6(*%E!#B*!8-06(%*08*!(0#*,42)C!2CC-8(2#*%!5(#B!#B*!,*I-,#*%!

*0%I-(0#C!(0%(82#*!#B2#!#*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!5*,*!2%*;$2#*!6-,!%*#*,.(02#(-0!-6!*0%I-(0#CX!

_*CC!VKRSNW!%*#*,.(0*%!#B*!ZS^B-$,!#-/(8(#&!-6!D,-.-/&0()!#-!!Chlamydomonas eugametos

2)92*X!!A-!*66*8#C!-0!9,-5#B!5*,*!-DC*,4*%!2#!2!D,-.-/&0()!8-08*0#,2#(-0!-6!K!KN!O!Y!

V2II,-/(.2#*)&!MXS!.9\1E!2CC$.(09!2!.-)*8$)2,!5*(9B#!-6!MP[XRWd!B-5*4*,E!8-.I)*#*!(0B(D(#(-0!

52C!-DC*,4*%!2#!#B*!0*/#!B(9B*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0E!K!KN!Z!Y!VMPXP!.9\1WX!!>!8-08$,,*0#!

(04*C#(92#(-0!-6!#B*!#-/(8!*66*8#C!-6!:Y"]^B*,D(8(%*!.(/#$,*C!(0%(82#*%!#B2#!#B*!C-)4*0#!

C(90(6(820#)&!*0B208*%!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!2)28B)-,E!D$#!B2%!0-!*66*8#!-0!I2,2;$2#!#-/(8(#&!#-!C. 

eugamentosX!!'B*!*66*8#!-6!:Y"]!-0!D,-.-/&0()!#-/(8(#&!52C!0-#!#*C#*%!V_*CC!KRSNWX!!=0!

2%%(#(-0E!#B*!2)92*!CI*8(*C!Chlamydomonas moewusii!VC. eugametosW!52C!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!D*!

#-)*,20#!#-!#*8B0(82)^9,2%*!D,-.-/&0()!(0!L^%2&!,*I,-%$8#(4*!20%!P^%2&!9,-5#B!D(-2CC2&C!VH2(0!

20%!H2(0!KRSLWX!!'B*!B(9B*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0!#*C#*%E!SN!pY!V2II,-/(.2#*)&!MMXM!.9\1W!52C!

%*#*,.(0*%!#-!B24*!0-!*66*8#!-0!#B(C!CI*8(*Cn!9,-5#B!20%!,*I,-%$8#(-0X!!"(.()2,)&E!2!P^%2&!

*/I-C$,*!#-!LXOP!KN!O!Y!D,-.-/&0()!VRXSR!.9!D,-.-/&0()\1E!2CC$.(09!2!.-)*8$)2,!5*(9B#!-6!

MP[XRW!52C!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!B24*!0-!*66*8#!-0!#B*!9,-5#B!-6!2)92*!CI*8(*C!C. pyrenoidosa!20%!

Stichococcus bacillaris!2#!2!I_!-6![XOd!#B*!A]>7H!6-,!20!2%%(#(-02)!CI*8(*C!VChlamydomonas 

globosaW!52C!(0#*,I,*#*%!#-!D*!MXLS!KN!OYE!-,![X[!.9!D,-.-/&0()\1!V<)*#8B*,!*#!2)X!KRPNWX!!'B*!

2$#B-,C!2)C-!,*I-,#*%!#B2#!#B*!B*,D(8(%*!52C!.-,*!#-/(8!2#!2!I_!-6!OE!#B20!2#![XO!-,!SX!

Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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>C!2!8-.I-0*0#!-6!)2,42)!-&C#*,!VCrassostrea gigasW!#-/(8(#&!#*C#CE!_(C!20%!"*2.20!VKRRLW!2)C-!

%*#*,.(0*%!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!D,-.-/&0()!#-!#B*!.2,(0*!2)92*!CI*8(*C!$#()(`*%!2C!-&C#*,!%(*#E!

Isochrysis galbana!20%!Chaetoceros calcitransX!!'B*!9,-5#B!-6!I. galbana 52C!C(90(6(820#)&!

266*8#*%!D&!D,-.-/&0()!*/I-C$,*E!5(#B!2!MK^%2&!7HON!-6!PXO!.9\1d!C. calcitrans!52C!$0266*8#*%!

D&!2))!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!-6!D,-.-/&0()!#*C#*%E!9(4(09!20!$0D-$0%*%!A]>7H!-6!KN!.9\1X!!

Unacceptable Studies 

'B*!,*.2(0(09!C(/!2)92)!#-/(8(#&!I2I*,C!62()*%!#-!.**#!]GG!8,(#*,(2!6-,!2!0$.D*,!-6!,*2C-0CX!!

'B,**!5*,*!,*m*8#*%!D*82$C*!2)#B-$9B!#B*!2$#B-,C!,*I-,#*%!*0%I-(0#CE!#B*!#*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!20%!

8-06(%*08*!(0#*,42)C!2CC-8(2#*%!5(#B!#B*!,*I-,#*%!*0%I-(0#C!5*,*!0-#!I,*C*0#*%!VY2!*#!2)X!MNNLE!

MNN[d!Q2)CB!*#!2)X!KRSPWX!!Y2!*#!2)X!VMNN[W!%*#*,.(0*%!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!#*8B0(82)!9,2%*!

D,-.-/&0()!#-!S. capricornutum!20%!82)8$)2#*%!2!R[^B-$,!7HON!-6!ZXML!.9\1X!!'B*!R[^B-$,!

D,-.-/&0()!7HON!6-,!2!,*)2#*%!CI*8(*CE!S. quadricaudaE!52C!,*I-,#*%!2C!LXP!.9\1!VY2!*#!2)X!

MNNLWX!!'B*!PM^B-$,!D,-.-/&0()!7HON!42)$*C!6-,!.2,(0*!%(2#-.!CI*8(*C!"keletonema costatum 

20%!Thalassiosira pseudonana!5*,*!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!D*!NXS[!MXO!.9\1!20%!KXM!OXN!.9\1E!

,*CI*8#(4*)&E!%*I*0%(09!-0!#B*!#&I*!-6!C2)#52#*,!VQ2)CB!*#!2)X!KRSPWX!!=0!2%%(#(-0E!#B*!R[^B-$,!

7HON!6-,!Chlorella CIX!2)92*!,209*%!D*#5**0!LXK!#-!KN!.9!D,-.-/&0()\1X!!!!

=0!2))!82C*CE!#B*C*!*0%I-(0#C!5*,*!C#2#(C#(82))&!%*,(4*%!6,-.!#-/(8(#&!%2#2!6,-.!D(-2CC2&C!

8-0%$8#*%!5(#B!$0T0-50!D,-.-/&0()!8-08*0#,2#(-0CX!!"$DC*;$*0#)&E!(#!8200-#!D*!%*#*,.(0*%!(6!

#B*!C*)*8#*%!#*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!5*,*!2II,-I,(2#*!6-,!#B(C!C#2#(C#(82)!$C*X!

'B,**!-#B*,!2)92*!#-/(8(#&!I2I*,C!5*,*!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!D*!$0288*I#2D)*!$0%*,!]GG!8,(#*,(2X!!q())2!

*#!2)X!VMNNLW!,*I-,#*%!2!D,-.-/&0()!R[^B-$,!7HON!-6!S!.9\1!6-,!20!$0(%*0#(6(*%!2)92*!CI*8(*CX!!

_-5*4*,E!#B(C!I2I*,!52C!0-#!#B*!I,(.2,&!C-$,8*!-6!#B*!%2#2X!!F,2#T&!20%!Q2,,*0!VKRPKW!

I,-4(%*C!-0)&!2!;$2)(#2#(4*!(0#*,I,*#2#(-0!-6!D,-.-/&0()nC!*66*8#C!-0!2)92*!CI*8(*C!C. 

pyrenoidosaX!!1*CC!#B20!ONo!9,-5#B!(0B(D(#(-0!52C!,*I-,#*%!2#!K!II.!D,-.-/&0()!20%!9,*2#*,!

#B20!ONo!9,-5#B!(0B(D(#(-0!52C!,*I-,#*%!2#!KN!II.E!D$#!#B*!I,*8(C*!)*4*)!-6!9,-5#B!(0B(D(#(-0!2#!

*28B!8-08*0#,2#(-0!52C!0-#!9(4*0X!'B*!,*.2(0(09!I2I*,!V<2(,8B()%!*#!2)XKRRRW!,*I-,#*%!%2#2!#B2#!

5*,*!-,(9(02))&!I,*C*0#*%!(0!<2(,8B()%!*#!2)X!KRRPX

]0)&!#5-!I2I*,C!8-08*,0(09!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!D,-.-/&0()!#-!2;$2#(8!.28,-IB&#*C!5*,*!(%*0#(6(*%!

%$,(09!#B*!)(#*,2#$,*!C*2,8BE!-0*!-6!5B(8B!.*#!]GG!8,(#*,(2!6-,!288*I#2D()(#&X!!G*#*,C-0!*#!2)X!

VKRRZW!*/I-C*%!Lemna minor!VL^6,-0%!C#29*W!#-!#*8B0(82)!D,-.-/&0()!D$#&,2#*!2#!NXMS!.9\1!6-,!

P!%2&CX!!?,-5#B!52C!$0266*8#*%!2#!NXMS!.9!D,-.-/&0()!D$#&,2#*\1E!20%!8-0C*;$*0#)&E!#B(C!

8-08*0#,2#(-0!820!D*!(0#*,I,*#*%!2C!#B*!$0D-$0%*%!A]>7H!6-,!L. minor 9,-5#BX!!>C!I,*4(-$C)&!

0-#*%E!#B*!D$#&,2#*!6-,.!(C!0-#!,*9(C#*,*%!6-,!$C*!(0!#B*!U0(#*%!"#2#*CX!!>!C*8-0%!I2I*,!2)C-!

(04*C#(92#*%!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!#*8B0(82)!D,-.-/&0()!#-!KM^6,-0%!)(6*!C#29*!L. minor!.28,-IB&#*CE!

,*I-,#(09!R[^B-$,!1]>7H!20%!7HON!42)$*C!-6!LEKMO!20%!SEN[O!p9\1E!,*CI*8#(4*)&!V<2(,8B()%!*#!

2)X!KRRPWX!!_-5*4*,E!#B*!2$#B-,C!%(%!0-#!,*I-,#!#B*!#*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!$C*%!#-!C#2#(C#(82))&!%*,(4*!

#B*C*!*0%I-(0#C!20%!2C!C$8B!#B*!42)(%(#&!-6!#B*!,*C$)#C!8200-#!D*!m$%9*%X!

=0!8-08)$C(-0E!D2C*%!-0!#B*!242()2D)*!)(#*,2#$,*E!#B*!*66*8#!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!6-,!#B*!.-C#!C*0C(#(4*!

2)92*!20%!2;$2#(8!I)20#!CI*8(*C!#*C#*%!,209*C!6,-.!2II,-/(.2#*)&!K!#-!KN!.9\1!6-,!#*8B0(82)!

D,-.-/&0()X!!A-0*!-6!#B*!(%*0#(6(*%!I2I*,C!#*C#*%!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!D,-.-/&0()!6-,.$)2#(-0C!#-!

Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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2;$2#(8!I)20#C!20%!2)92*E!C-!(#!(C!$08)*2,!(6!6-,.$)2#*%!I,-%$8#C!5-$)%!*)(8(#!C(90(6(820#)&!

%(66*,*0#!,*C$)#CX!

Aquatic Invertebrates 

<-$,!I2I*,C!8-0#2(0(09!(06-,.2#(-0!,*92,%(09!D,-.-/&0()!#-/(8(#&!#-!2;$2#(8!(04*,#*D,2#*C!5*,*!

(%*0#(6(*%!#B-$9B!#B*!)(#*,2#$,*!C*2,8Bd!#B,**!-6!#B*C*!5*,*!m$%9*%!2C!288*I#2D)*!288-,%(09!#-!

]GG!8,(#*,(2X!

+$B)!*#!2)X!VKRSRW!*/I-C*%!6-$,#B!(0C#2,!Chironomus riparius!)2,42*!#-!Y7Z!+,-.(02)!VLZXRo!

D,-.-/&0()W!6-,!ZS!B-$,CX!!'B*!82)8$)2#*%!MZ^B-$,!20%!ZS^B-$,!7HON!V(..-D()(`2#(-0W!42)$*C!

5*,*!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!D*!MXLO!.9\1!20%!KXR!.9\1E!,*CI*8#(4*)&X!!>)#B-$9B!CI*8(6(8!#*C#!

8-08*0#,2#(-0C!5*,*!0-#!,*I-,#*%E!#B*!C.2))!8-06(%*08*!(0#*,42)C!6-,!#B*C*!*0%I-(0#C!(0%(82#*!#B*!

$C*!-6!C$(#2D)*!8-08*0#,2#(-0CX!!=0!KRRLE!+$B)!*#!2)X!VKRRLW!I$D)(CB*%!-0!#B*!8B,-0(8!#-/(8(#&!-6!

#B*!D,-.-/&0()!6-,.$)2#(-0!+$8#,()r!#-!#B*!8)2%-8*,20!Daphnia magnaX!!A*-02#*C!aMZ!B-$,C!

-)%!5*,*!*/I-C*%!#-!*(#B*,!8-0#(0$-$C!+$8#,()r!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!-6!OE!KNE!MNE!ZNE!SN!p9\1E!-,!#-!

%2()&!I$)C*C!#B2#!924*!MZ^B-$,!24*,29*!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!-6!#B*!C2.*!.290(#$%*X!!'B*!A]>7HE!

1]>7HE!20%!9*-.*#,(8!.*20!.2/(.$.!288*I#2D)*!#-/(820#!8-08*0#,2#(-0!VY>'HW!42)$*C!6-,!

8-0#(0$-$C!*/I-C$,*!D2C*%!-0!9,-5#BE!,*I,-%$8#(-0E!20%!I-I$)2#(-0!9,-5#B!*0%I-(0#C!20%!5*,*!

MNE!ZNE!20%!MS!p9\1E!,*CI*8#(4*)&X!=0#*,.(##*0#!*/I-C$,*C!5*,*!-DC*,4*%!#-!D*!.-,*!#-/(8!#-!

%2IB0(%C!#B20!5*,*!8-0C#20#!*/I-C$,*CE!5(#B!,*I-,#*%!A]>7HE!1]>7HE!20%!9*-.*#,(8!.*20!

Y>'H!42)$*C!-6!KNE!MNE!20%!KZ!p9\1E!,*CI*8#(4*)&X!!<(02))&E!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!D,-.-/&0()!#-!)2,42*!

-6!#B*!.2,(0*!-&C#*,!Crassostrea gigas!52C!*42)$2#*%!D&!_(C!20%!"*2.20!VKRRLWX!!'B*!R^%2&

*/I-C$,*!52C!(0(#(2#*%!5(#B!#B*!*.D,&-0(8!C#29*E!20%!#*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!,209*%!D*#5**0!NXNMO!

20%KN!.9\1X!!'B*!,*I-,#*%!R^%2&!1HON!52C!PXN!.9\1E!5B()*!#B*!7HKN!42)$*!6-,!CB*))!%*I-C(#(-0!

52C!82)8$)2#*%!#-!D*!NXSN!.9\1!D,-.-/&0()X!!q())2!*#!2)X!VMNNLW!2)C-!,*I-,#*%!2!ZS^B-$,!1HON!6-,!

D. magna!-6!KMXO!.9!D,-.-/&0()\1d!B-5*4*,E!#B(C!I2I*,!52C!0-#!#B*!I,(.2,&!C-$,8*!-6!#B*!%2#2!

20%!C-!52C!m$%9*%!$0288*I#2D)*!D&!]GG!8,(#*,(2X!

+,-.-/&0()!*)(8(#C!#-/(8!*66*8#C!(0!2;$2#(8!(04*,#*D,2#*C!2#!*/I-C$,*C!-6!2II,-/(.2#*)&!

K!KO!.9\1X!!"B*))!%*I-C(#(-0!(0!#B*!.2,(0*!-&C#*,!C. gigas!52C!#B*!.-C#!C*0C(#(4*!*0%I-(0#!

I,*C*0#*%!(0!#B*!2D-4*!,*6*,*08*CE!5B()*!%2IB0(%C!2II*2,!#-!D*!,*)2#(4*)&!#-)*,20#!-6!*/I-C$,*X!!

'*C#(09!5(#B!#B*!6-,.$)2#*%!I,-%$8#!Y7Z!+,-.(02)!(0%(82#*C!#B2#!6-,.$)2#(-0!#-/(8(#&!#-!

2;$2#(8!(04*,#*D,2#*C!(C!)(T*)&!#-!D*!C(.()2,!#-!#B2#!-6!#B*!#*8B0(82)!9,2%*!.2#*,(2)X!

Fish 

'B,**!I$D)(82))&^242()2D)*!,*6*,*08*C!,*92,%(09!D,-.-/&0()!#-/(8(#&!#-!6(CB!5*,*!(%*0#(6(*%!

%$,(09!#B*!)(#*,2#$,*!C*2,8BE!-6!5B(8B!#5-!5*,*!m$%9*%!#-!D*!288*I#2D)*!$0%*,!]GG!8,(#*,(2X!

'B*!288*I#2D)*!,*6*,*08*C!8-.I,(C*%!C*I2,2#*!*0#,(*C!(0!#5-!%(66*,*0#!4-)$.*C!-6!#B*!D--T!Acute 

Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (G(.*IB2)*C!I,-.*)2C)X!!=0!#B*!KRSZ!

4-)$.*E!LN^%2&^-)%!62#B*2%!.(00-5!5*,*!*/I-C*%!#-!MXZPE!LXSNE!OXSOE!RXNE!20%!KLXS!.9!

#*8B0(82)^9,2%*!D,-.-/&0()\1!6-,!R[!B-$,CX!!:2()&!202)&#(82)!4*,(6(82#(-0!-6!#B*C*!#*C#!

8-08*0#,2#(-0C!52C!I*,6-,.*%X!!'B*!R[^B-$,!1HON!52C!82)8$)2#*%!#-!D*!KKXO!.9\1!V+,--T*!*#!2)X!

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9,2%*!D,-.-/&0()!6-,!R[!B-$,CX!!'*C#!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!VZXZLE![XSME!KNXOE!K[XKE!20%!MZXS!.9\1W!

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Terrestrial Receptors 

Plants 

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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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6-/9)-4*!Digitalis purpurea!1XE!5()%!.$C#2,%!Sinapis arvensis!1XE!20%!I-II&!Papaver rhoeas

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20%!+$,0C(%*!VKRPLW!8-0%$8#*%!9,**0B-$C*!20%!6(*)%!*/I*,(.*0#C!#-!%*#*,.(0*!#B*!,*)2#(4*!

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2II)(82#(-0!-6![NN!9!2X(X\B2!52C!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!2%4*,C*)&!(.I28#!5**%!CI*8(*Cn!9,-5#BE!D$#!%(%!

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%*#*,.(0*%!6-,!C-&D*20C!*/I-C*%!#-!D,-.-/&0()!V9,**0B-$C*!,*C$)#C!5*,*!m$%9*%!$0288*I#2D)*!

D*82$C*!#B*!C-)*!2II)(82#(-0!,2#*!#*C#*%E!KKNN!9!2X(X\B2E!*)(8(#*%!*66*8#C!(0!2))!*/I-C*%!CI*8(*CWX!!

Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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Unacceptable Studies 

U0%*,!]GG!8,(#*,(2E!2!#-#2)!-6!KO!I2I*,C!5*,*!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!D*!$0288*I#2D)*!D*82$C*!#B*&!62()*%!

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2X(X\T9!C**%Cd!#B(C!*/I-C$,*!,*C$)#*%!(0!2![L![Po!,*%$8#(-0!(0!I*,*00(2)!,&*9,2CC!9*,.(02#(-0X!!

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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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MNNLDW!2C!NXM[!p9\.L

!20%!KXZZ!p9\.L!VM!:>'WX!!G)20#C!*/I-C*%!#-!2!.2/(.$.!-6!KXLK!p9\.L

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Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

Page 15 of 85
'B*!,*.2(0(09!C*4*0!#*,,*C#,(2)!(04*,#*D,2#*!,*6*,*08*C!62()*%!#-!.**#!]GG!288*I#2D()(#&!8,(#*,(2!

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+,-.-/&0()!C**%!#,*2#.*0#C!%(%!0-#!I,*4*0#!C)$9!6**%(09!-0!8,-I!C**%)(09CE!2)#B-$9B!#B*(,!

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(04*,#*D,2#*CX!!")$9!.-,#2)(#&!-88$,,*%!6-))-5(09!*/I-C$,*C!#B2#!2II,-/(.2#*!2II)(82#(-0!,2#*C!

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C#$%(*C!(0%(82#*%!#B2#!8-0C$.I#(-0!-6!C$8,-C*!8-0#2(0(09!$I!#-!KNN!II.!D,-.-/&0()!(C!$0)(T*)&!

#-!82$C*!2%4*,C*!*66*8#C!-0!)-09*4(#&X!

Birds 

]0)&!#B,**!I$D)(82))&^242()2D)*!,*6*,*08*C!8-08*,0(09!#B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!D,-.-/&0()!#-!D(,%C!5*,*!

(%*0#(6(*%!#B,-$9B!#B*!2D-4*!C*2,8B*C!20%!0-0*!-6!#B*C*!.*#!]GG!288*I#2D()(#&!8,(#*,(2X!

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:$028B(*!20%!<)*#8B*,!VKRPNW!(0m*8#*%!B*0!VGallus gallus domesticusW!*99C!5(#B!KNE!MOE!ONE!20%!

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-6!8-0#,-)CE!5B()*!MO!II.!,*C$)#*%!(0!2![Ro!C$88*CC6$)!B2#8B!,2#*X!!:-C*C!-6!ON!II.!20%!9,*2#*,!

82$C*%!KNNo!*99!.-,#2)(#&X!!_-5*4*,E!*99!(0m*8#(-0!(C!2!0-0C#20%2,%!*/I-C$,*!,-$#*E!#B*!

2$#B-,C!%(%!0-#!,*I-,#!(6!8-0#,-)!*99C!5*,*!(0m*8#*%!5(#B!28*#-0*!#-!I,-4(%*!20!2II,-I,(2#*!

C-)4*0#!8-0#,-)E!20%!2!82)8$)2#*%!*0%I-(0#!52C!0-#!I,*C*0#*%!(0!#B*!I2I*,X!

'B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!#B*!D,-.-/&0()!6-,.$)2#(-0!+,-02#*r!VD,-.-/&0()!-8#20-2#*!u!YHG>W!#-!

.2))2,%!%$8T!VAnas platyrhynchosW!*99C!52C!%*#*,.(0*%!4(2!2!LN^C*8-0%!(..*,C(-0!(0!#B*!

B*,D(8(%*X!!'B*!2$#B-,C!,*I-,#*%!#B2#!#B*!1:ON!52C!*;$(42)*0#!#-!6(*)%!2II)(82#(-0C!-6!PXO!)D\28,*!

2#!KNN!92)\28,*!V_-66.20!20%!>)D*,C!KRSZWX!!_-5*4*,E!#B(C!52C!2!0-0C#20%2,%!*/I-C$,*!.*#B-%E!

#B*!#*C#*%!8-08*0#,2#(-0C!5*,*!0-#!,*I-,#*%!(0!#B*!I2I*,E!20%!#B*!#*C#*%!D,-.-/&0()!6-,.$)2#(-0!

2)C-!8-0#2(0*%!#B*!B*,D(8(%*!YHG>X!!H-0C*;$*0#)&E!#B*!C#$%&!%-*C!0-#!.**#!]GG!8,(#*,(2X!

<(02))&E!_())!20%!H2.2,%*C*!VKRS[W!#*C#*%!#B*!%(*#2,&!#-/(8(#&!-6!#B*!C2.*!6-,.$)2#(-0!V+,-02#*W!

#-!KZ^%2&^-)%!J2I20*C*!;$2()!VCoturnix coturnix japonicaWX!!'B*&!%*#*,.(0*%!#B2#!#B*!O^%2&!

%(*#2,&!1:ON!-6!#B*!D,-.-/&0()^YHG>!.(/#$,*!52C!9,*2#*,!#B20!OENNN!II.E!2)#B-$9B!#B*&!%(%!

0-#*!,*%$8*%!8-0C$.I#(-0!-6!+,-02#*r^8-0#2(0(09!6**%X!!>C!5(#B!#B*!I,*4(-$C!,*6*,*08*E!#B*C*!

,*C$)#C!2,*!-6!)(.(#*%!42)$*!20%!62()!#-!.**#!]GG!8,(#*,(2!2C!D,-.-/&0()!52C!#*C#*%!2C!2!I2,#!-6!20!

B*,D(8(%*!.(/#$,*X!!_-5*4*,E!C(08*!#B*!D,-.-/&0()^YHG>!B*,D(8(%*!.(/#$,*!52C!%*#*,.(0*%!#-!

D*!0-0^#-/(8!$0%*,!#B*C*!8-0%(#(-0CE!(#!(C!)(T*)&!#B2#!D,-.-/&0()!2)-0*!5-$)%!2)C-!D*!0-0^#-/(8!

#-!J2I20*C*!;$2()X!!

Mammals 

'B*!)(#*,2#$,*!C*2,8B!,*#$,0*%!-0*!I2I*,!#B2#!8-0C(%*,*%!#B*!*8-#-/(8(#&!-6!+,-.(02)r!VMSXOo!

D,-.-/&0()!u!MSXOo!YHG>W!#-!6(*)%!I-I$)2#(-0C!-6!C.2))!.2..2)CE!(08)$%(09!.*2%-5!4-)*C!

VMicrotus pennsylvanicusWE!m$.I(09!.(8*!VZapus hudsoniusWE!20%!B-$C*!.(8*!VPeromyscus 

leucopusWX!!'B(C!I2I*,!52C!0-#!%**.*%!288*I#2D)*!$0%*,!]GG!8,(#*,(2!C(08*!0-!C#20%2,%!*0%I-(0#!

52C!82)8$)2#*%E!#B*!#*C#*%!6-,.$)2#(-0!8-0#2(0*%!YHG>E!20%!-0)&!-0*!8-08*0#,2#(-0!52C!#*C#*%!

(0!6(*)%!I)-#CX!!'B*!2$#B-,C!%(%!0-#*!#B2#!M. pennsylvanicus!4-)*C!*/I-C*%!#-!+,-.(02)r

*/B(D(#*%!(08,*2C*%!(08(%*08*C!-6!-I2;$*!8-,0*2C!VH)2,T!*#!2)X!KRR[WX!!_-5*4*,E!(#!8200-#!D*!

%*#*,.(0*%!(6!#B(C!*66*8#!5-$)%!D*!-DC*,4*%!(0!4-)*C!*/I-C*%!C-)*)&!#-!D,-.-/&0()X!

References 

>)^FB2#(D!FE!G2,T*,!3E!<$*,C#!7GX!"5**#!8B*,,&!VPrunus aviumW!,*CI-0C*!#-!C(.$)2#*%!%,(6#!

6,-.!C*)*8#*%!B*,D(8(%*CX!Q**%!'*8BX!KRRM2X![VZW@RPO!RPRX!

>)^FB2#(D!FE!G2,T*,!3E!<$*,C#!7GX!>)62)62!VMedicago sativaW!,*CI-0C*!#-!C(.$)2#*%!B*,D(8(%*!

CI,2&!%,(6#X!Q**%!'*8BX!KRRMDX![VZW@RO[!R[NX!

>)^FB2#(D!FE!G2,T*,!3E!<$*,C#!7GX!KRRLX!Q(0*!9,2I*!VVitis vinifera!1XW!,*CI-0C*!#-!C(.$)2#*%!

B*,D(8(%*!%,(6#XKRRLX!PVKW@RP!KNMX!

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>CB#-0!<YE!G*00*,!:E!_-66.20!"X!766*8#!-6!C*4*,2)!B*,D(8(%*C!-0!I,-#*-)&#(8!28#(4(#&!-6!C;$2CB!

C**%)(09CX!Q**%!"8(X!KR[SX!K[VMW@K[R!KPKX!

+-$#(0!HE!7).*922,%E!AE!Fm2*,!HX!'-/(8(#&!#*C#(09!-6!6(6#**0!0-0^8,-I!I)20#!CI*8(*C!5(#B!C(/!

B*,D(8(%*C!(0!2!9,**0B-$C*!*/I*,(*.#0@!(.I)(82#(-0C!6-,!,(CT!2CC*CC.*0#X!78-#-/(8-)X!MNNZX!

KL@LZR!L[RX!

+,--T*!1'E!H2))!:JE!?*(9*,!:1E!A-,#B8$##!H7d!*%CX!>8$#*!#-/(8(#&!-6!-,920(8!8B*.(82)C!#-!

62#B*2%!.(00-5C!VPimephales promelasWX!q-)!=X!KRSZX!H*0#*,!6-,!12T*!"$I*,(-,!704(,-0.*0#2)!

"#$%(*CE!U0(4*,C(#&!-6!Q(C8-0C(0^"$I*,(-,X!

+$B)!FJE!<2*,D*,!A1X!>8$#*!#-/(8(#&!-6!C*)*8#*%!B*,D(8(%*C!20%!C$,628#20#C!#-!)2,42*!-6!#B*!

.(%9*!Chironomus ripariusX!>,8BX!704(,-0X!H-0#2.X!'-/(8-)X!KRSRX!KS@OLN!OL[X!

+$B)!FJE!_2.()#-0!"JE!"8B.$)D28B!JHX!HB,-0(8!#-/(8(#&!-6!#B*!D,-.-/&0()!6-,.$)2#(-0!+$8#,()!

#-!Daphnia magna */I-C*%!8-0#(0$-$C)&!20%!(0#*,.(##*0#)&X!>,8BX!704(,-0X!H-0#2.X!'-/(8-)X!

KRRLX!MO@KOM!KORX!

H2(0!JX3XE!H2(0!3FX!'B*!*66*8#C!-6!C*)*8#*%!B*,D(8(%*C!-0!`&9-CI-,*!9*,.(02#(-0!20%!9,-5#B!-6!

Chlamydomonas moewusii!VHB)-,-IB&8*2*E!q-)4-82)*CWX!JX!GB&C(-)X!KRSLX!KR@LNK!LNOX!

H)2,T!:3E!Y-$)#-0!H>E!_(0*C!J7E!_-66.20!:JX!".2))!.2..2)!I-I$)2#(-0C!(0!Y2,&)20%!

.*2%-5C!%$,(09!6-$,!&*2,C!-6!B*,D(8(%*!V+,-.(02)rW!>II)(82#(-0CX!704(,-0X!'-/(8-)X!HB*.X!

KRR[X!KOVRW@KOZZ!KOONX!!

H)2&!:qX!'B*!,*CI-0C*!-6!C#,25D*,,&!#-!2!,209*!-6!6-)(29*!28#(-0!B*,D(8(%*X!G,-8X!KK#B!+,X!Q**%!

H-0#,-)!H-06X!KRPMX!

H$))(.-,*!:X3X!'B*!in vitro C*0C(#(4(#&!-6!C-.*!CI*8(*C!-6!HB)-,-IB&8*2*!#-!2!C*)*8#*%!,209*!-6!

B*,D(8(%*CX!Q**%!3*C*2,8BX!KRPOX!KO@ZNK!ZN[X!

:*2,!+"E!"20%,2)!?>X!'B*!IB&#-#-/(8(#&!-6!#B*!B*,D(8(%*C!D,-.-/&0()E!I&,(%2#*E!(.2`*#B2I&,!

20%!2!D,-.-/&0()!u!%(6)$6*0(820!.(/#$,*!-0!C$D#*,,20*20!8)-4*,!20%!)$8*,0*!C**%)(09CX!>$C#,2)X!

JX!7/IX!>9,(X!KRRRX!LR@SLR!SZPX!

:$028B(*!J<E!<)*#8B*,!QQX!'B*!#-/(8(#&!-6!8*,#2(0!B*,D(8(%*C!#-!B*0Cn!*99C!2CC*CC*%!D&!#B*!*99^

(0m*8#(-0!#*8B0(;$*X!>00X!>II)X!+(-)X!KRPNX![[@OKO!OMNX!

7C#*,!>E!A(mt0C#*(0!J_X!H-0#,-)!-6!#B*!6(*)%!C)$9!Deroceras reticulatum VYw))*,W!VG$).-02#2@!

1(.28(%2*W!D&!I*C#(8(%*C!2II)(*%!#-!5(0#*,!5B*2#!C**%X!H,-I!G,-#X!KRROX!KZVOW@ZNR!ZKLX!!

7C#*,!>E!A(mt0C#*(0!J_X!H-0#,-)!-6!6(*)%!C)$9!VDeroceras reticulatum!VYw))*,WW!D&!C**%^2II)(*%!

I*C#(8(%*C!(0!I*,*00(2)!,&*9,2CC!2CC*CC*%!D&!)2D-,2#-,&!#*C#CX!g!G6)20`*0T,!G6)20`*0C8B$#`X!KRR[X!

KNL!VKW@ZM!ZRX!

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Selenastrum capricornutum 20%!Lemna minor!#-!"(/#**0!_*,D(8(%*CX!>,8BX!704(,-0X!H-0#2.X!

'-/(8-)X!KRRPX!LM@LOL!LOPX!

Bayer CropScience Report Number US 0202

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B*,D(8(%*!(.I28#C!-0!I,(.2,&!I,-%$8#(4(#&!-6!#B*!)-5*,!Y(CC-$,(!3(4*,X!=0@!UX"X!?*-)-9(82)!

"$,4*&!'-/(8!"$DC#208*C!_&%,-)-9&!G,-9,2.!x!q-)$.*!M!-6!L!x!H-0#2.(02#(-0!-6!_&%,-)-9(8!

"&C#*.C!20%!3*)2#*%!78-C&C#*.CX!KRRRX!:X!Y-,92052)I!20%!_X!+$/#-0E!V*%CXWE!UX"X!?*-)X!"$,4X!

Q2#*,^3*C-$,X!=04*C#X!3*IX!RRxZNKS+E!IX!LMLxLLNX!

<)*#8B*,!QQE!F(,T5--%E!3HE!20%!".(#B!:X!=04*C#(92#(-0C!-0!#B*!*66*8#!-6!8*,#2(0!B*,D(8(%*C!-0!

#B*!9,-5#B!-6!C*)*8#*%!CI*8(*C!-6!.(8,-^2)92*X!Y*%*%*)(09*0!<28$)#*(#!120%D-$55*#*0^

C8B2II*0!?*0#X!KRPNX!LOVMW@SOO!S[PX!

<-))2T!"E!20%!_$,)*!FX!3*8-4*,&!-6!0-0^#2,9*#!I)20#C!266*8#*%!D&!2(,D-,0*!D,-.-/&0()^-8#20-2#*!

20%!.*#,(D$`(0X!Q**%!3*C*2,8BX!MNNL2X!ZZ@KZM!KZPX!

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B*,D(8(%*C!20%!*66*8#!-6!#,*2#.*0#C!292(0C#!D)28T!0(9B#CB2%*X!Y*%X!<28X!120%D-$55X!3(mTC$0(4X!

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C&.D(-C(C!(0!0(#,-9*0!6(/2#(-0!20%!8-,,*)2#(-0C!D*#5**0!,*CI-0C*C!D&!2)92*!20%!#*,,*C#,(2)!I)20#CX!

=0E!G)20#C!6-,!'-/(8(#&!>CC*CC.*0#X!Q209!QE!?-,C$8B!JQE!1-5*,!Q3E!*%CX!KRRNX!>"'YE!

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VPimephales promelasWX!q-)!=qX!KRSSX!H*0#*,!6-,!12T*!"$I*,(-,!704(,-0.*0#2)!"#$%(*CE!

U0(4*,C(#&!-6!Q(C8-0C(0^"$I*,(-,X!

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KRSNX!MSVOW@OKO!OMNX!

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>)D*,#2!,2(062))@!I-#*0#(2)!*66*8#C!-0!C*0C(#(4*!8,-ICX!H20X!JX!G)20#!"8(X!MNNMX!SM@ZSK!ZSZX!

_())!7<E!H2.2,%*C*!Y+X!1*#B2)!%(*#2,&!#-/(8(#(*C!-6!*04(,-0.*0#2)!8-0#2.(020#C!#-!CoturnixX!

<(CB!20%!Q()%)(6*!'*8B0(82)!3*I-,#!MX!KRS[X!U0(#*%!"#2#*C!:*I2,#.*0#!-6!#B*!=0#*,(-,E!<(CB!20%!

Q()%)(6*!"*,4(8*X!!

_(C!7E!"*2.20!YA1X!766*8#C!-6!#5*)4*!I*C#(8(%*C!-0!)2,42*!-6!-&C#*,C!VCrassostrea gigasW!20%!

-0!#5-!CI*8(*C!-6!$0(8*))$)2,!.2,(0*!2)92*!VIsochrysis galbana!20%!Chaetoceros calcitransWX!

KRRLX!=H7"!HXYX!MM@K!SX!!!

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B*,D(8(%*CE!(0C*8#(8(%*CE!20%!I*#,-)*$.!8-0#2.(020#C!#-!.2))2,%!*99CX!>,8BX!704(,-0X!H-0#2.X!

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Table 1. OPP-acceptable references concerning the toxicity of bromoxynil to algae and aquatic plants 

Reference 

Bromoxynil 

Form Endpoint Spe

Cain and Cain (1983) Phenol 72-hour NOAEC= 22.2 mg/L C. eugamentos Cullimore (1975) Phenol EC50(growth)= >0.5 mg/L and <2 mg/L Hormidium barlowi

Fairchild et al. (1997) Phenol 96-hour NOAEC, LOAEC, EC50= 3.1, 6.3, 7.8 mg/L S. capricornutum 

Fletcher et al. (1970) Phenol 7-day NOAEC= 6.6 mg/L C. globosa 

Garten (1990) Phenol 96-hour NOAEC= 1 mg/L S. capricornutum 

Hess (1980) Phenol 48-hour NOAEC= 2.8 mg/L C. eugamentos

His and Seaman (1993) Phenol 21-day EC50= 7.5 mg/L I. galbana 

Ma and Liang (2001) Phenol 96-hour EC50= 4.4 mg/L C. pyrenoidosa 

Ma et al. (2002) Phenol 96-hour EC50= 89.1mg/L C. vulgaris 

Ma et al. (2007) Octanoate 96-hour EC50= 4.43 mg/L S. capricornutum 

Peterson et al. (1994) Butyrate

a 22-hour NOAEC= 0.28 mg/L S. quadricauda, S. capri

C. meneghiniana, M. aersp., Pseudanabaena sp.

flos-aquae

Peterson et al. (1994) Butyrate

a 7-day NOAEC= 0.28 mg/L L. minor 

St-Laurent et al. (1992) Phenol 96-hour EC50(growth)= 2.9 mg/L and 3.4 mg/L

b S. capricornutum 

a Butyrate form not registered for use in the United States. 

b Toxicity of bromoxynil tested in two different bioassay systems. 

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Table 2. OPP-acceptable references concerning the toxicity of bromoxynil to terrestrial plants 

Reference Bromoxynil Form Endpoint 

Al-Khatib et al. (1992a) Phenol LOAEL= 14.2 g a.i./ha (plant injury 30 DAT) P. aAl-Khatib et al. (1992b) Phenol NOAEL= 142 g a.i./ha M. 

Al-Khatib et al. (1993) Phenol LOAEL= 4.2 g a.i./ha (plant injury14 DAT) V. v

Boutin et al. (2004) Saxo

® (25% bromoxyniloctaonate) 3-week EC50= 8.76 g a.i./ha I.he

Clay (1972) Octanoate (25% EC 

formulation) 

LOAEL= 250 g/ha F. a

Foucart et al. (1988) Phenol and an unspecified 

ester 

NOAEL= 338 g a.i./ha (ester); 500 g a.i./ha (phenol) 

Z. m

Garten (1990) Phenol 4-week NOAEC= 1 mg/kg soil R. sJagschitz (1979) Phenol NOAEL= 0.25 lb a.i/ha TurMartin et al. (1990) Phenol NOAEL= 550 g a.i./ha T. aO’Sullivan and O’Donovan (1982) Phenol NOAEL= 350 g a.i./ha T. a

A. s

Pantone and Baker (1992) Phenol NOAEL= 300 g a.i./ha O. sParochetti et al. (1973) Phenol NOAEL= 140 g a.i/ha G. mSandral et al. (1997) Bromoxynil 

n-octanoyl ester EC50= 0.18 to 0.34 g a.i./ha (depending on 

life stage) 

T. s

Schafer and Chilctoe (1970) Octanoate ED50= 2400 g a.i./ha T. a

Wax et al. (1974) Phenol LOAEL= 100 g a.i./ha G. mWilson and Burnside (1973) Phenol NOAEL= 600 g a.i./ha G. m

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>##28B.*0#!K!

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A B C D E 

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available 

Al"Khatib et al 1992a Weed Technology 6(4):975"979 Y Y Y 

Al"Khatib et al 1992b Weed Technology 6(4):956"960 Y Y Y 

Al"Khatib et al 1993 Weed Technology 7(1):97"102 Y Y Y 

Ashton et al. 1968 Weed Science 16(2):169"171 Y Y Y 

678

Boutin et al. 2004 Ecotoxicology 13:349–369 Y Y Y 

Brooke et al 1984

Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to

fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas),

Vol I (report)

Y Y Y 

Buhl et al 1989 Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18:530"536 Y Y Y 

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1

A B C D E 

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10

11

Buhl et al 1993 Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 25:152"159 Y Y Y 

Cain and Cain 1983 J. Phycol. 19:301"305 Y Y Y 

Clark et al 1996 Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15(9): 1544"1550 Y Y Y 

1112131415

Clay 1972 Proc. 11th Br. Weed Control Conf. 409"416 Y Y Y 

Cullimore 1975 Weed Research 15: 401"406 Y Y Y 

Dear and Sandral 1999 Au. J. Exper. Ag. 39:839–847 Y Y Y 

Ding et al 2009 Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 83:520–524 Y Y Y 

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Dunachie and Fletcher 1970 Ann. Appl. Biol. 66: 515"520 Y Y Y 

Ester and Nijenstein 1995 Crop Protection 14(5): 409"413 Y Y Y 

Ester and Nijenstein 1996 J Plant Diseases and Protect. 103(1): 42"49 Y Y Y 

Ester and Nijenstein 1996 J Plant Diseases and Protect. 103(1): 42"49 Y Y Y 

Fairchild et al 1999

USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program – Volume 2 of 3 – Contamination of Y Y Y 

20212223

Fairchild et al 1999

Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems

(book)

Y Y Y 

Fairchild et al. 1997 Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 32:

353–357

Y Y Y 

Fairchild et al. 1997 Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 32:

353–357

Y Y Y 

Fletcher et al. 1970 Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwweten" schappen Gent. Vol 35, No. 2:855"867 Y Y Y 

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Follak and Hurle 2003a Weed Research 44:142–147 Y Y Y 

Follak and Hurle 2003b Environ. Pollution 126:139–146 Y Y Y 

Follak et al. 2005 Ecotoxicology 14(5): 503"511 Y Y Y 

Foucart et al 1988 Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv Gent. Y Y Y 

272829

Foucart et al 1988 j 53(3): 1329"1334 Y Y Y Foucart et al 1988 Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv Gent. 53(3): 1329"1334 Y Y Y 

Garten 1990 Plants for Toxicity Assessment (Book) Y Y Y 

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Garten 1990 Plants for Toxicity Assessment ( Book) Y Y Y 

Geiger et al 1988

Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to

fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas),

Vol IV (report)

Y Y Y 

Hess 1980 Weed Science 28(5): 515"520 Y Y Y 

Hill and Camardese 1986

Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental

Contaminants and Pesticides to Coturnix

(Report)

Y Y Y 

3435363738

Hill et al. 2002 Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: 481–484 Y Y Y 

His and Seaman 1993 ICES. Marine Environment Quality, Copenhagen Y Y Y 

His and Seaman 1993 ICES. Marine Environment Quality, Copenhagen Y Y Y 

Hoffman and Albers 1984 Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 13: 15"27 Y Y Y 

Iglesias et al 2002a Ann. Appl. Biol. 140: 53"59 Y Y Y 

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Isom and Weng 1977 Proceed. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 30: 47"50 Y Y Y 

Ivany et al. 2000 Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 973–976 Y Y Y 

Jagschitz 1979 Proc. 33rd Annual Meeting NE Weed Science Soc. Y Y Y 

Judy et al. 1990 Proc. South. Weed Soc. Y Y Y 

4344454647

Kratky and Warren 1971 Weed Research 11:257"262 Y Y Y 

Kratky and Warren 1971 Weed Research 11:257"262 Y Y Y 

Ma and Liang 2001 Bull. Environ Contam Toxicol 67:347–351 Y Y Y 

Ma et al 2002 Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 51: 128"132 Y Y Y 

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Ma et al. 2003 Bull. Environ Contam Toxicol 71:594–601 Y Y Y 

Ma et al. 2006 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 63:

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Y Y Y 

Ma et al. 2007 Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 16(6): 847"851 Y Y Y 

51525354

Marshall and Birnie 1985 British Crop Protect. Conf."!Weeds 3: 1021" 1028 Y Y Y 

Martin et al. 1990 Agron. J. 82:95"97 Y Y Y 

Morton and Moffett 1972a Proc. Western Soc. Of Weed Sci. 25:15"16 Y Y Y 

Morton and Moffett 1972b Environ. Entomol. 1(1): 102"104 Y Y Y 

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Nijenstein and Ester 1998 Seed Sci. and Technol. 26:501"513 Y Y Y 

O'Sullivan & O'Donovan 1982 Can. J. Plant Sci. 62:445"452 Y Y Y 

Pantone and Baker 1992 Weed Technology 6(4):968"974 Y Y Y 

Parochetti 1973 Proc. 27th Annual Meeting NE Weed Science Soc. 75"79 Y Y Y 

Peterson et al. 1994 Aquatic Toxicology 28: 275"292 Y Y Y 

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Samsoe"Petersen 1995 Entomophaga 40(1): 95"104 Y Y Y 

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Villa et al 2003 Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22(4): 936"942 Y Y Y 

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Wax et al. 1974 Weed Science 22(1):35"41 Y Y Y 

Wilson and Burnside 1973 Weed Science 21(1):81"85 Y Y Y 

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

A

Non"standard Plant Prunus avium Y Y 1 

Non"standard Plant Medicago sativa Y Y 1 

Non"standard Plant Vitis vinifera L. Y Y 

Non"standard Plant Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Y Y S

Test species

678

Non"standard Plant 15 non"crop species in Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Polygonaceae and other families Y Y Seeds, 

Similar to OECD 203 Fish Pimephales promelas Y Y 

Committee on Methods for

Toxicity Tests with Aquatic

Organisms 1975

Aquatic

Invertebrate Chironomus riparius Y Y 

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

9

10

11

Similar to OPPTS 850.1300

Daphnid chronic toxicity

test

Aquatic

Invertebrate Daphnia magna Y Y <24 

Similar to OPPTS 850.5400

Algal Toxicity Algae Chlamydomonas moewusii (Chlamydomonas eugametos) Y Y 1 we

Non"standard Mammal

Field community (Zapus hudsonius, Mus

musculus, Peromyscus leucopus, Microtus

pennsylvanicus, Blarina brevicauda, Sorex

cinereus)

Y Y Natural d

1112131415

Non"standard Plant Fragaria ananassa Cambridge Favourite Y Y 

Non"standard Algae 13 Chlorophyceae species Y Y 3 w

Non"standard Plant Trifolium subterraneum L.; Medicago sativa L. Y Y 

N/A Algae Chlorella Vulgaris, Raphidocelis subcapitata Y N 

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

16171819

Non"standard Bird Gallus gallus domesticus Y Y 

Non"standard Invertebrate Deroceras reticulatum Y N 

Non"standard Invertebrate Deroceras reticulatum Y N 40

Non"standard Plant Lolium perenne Y Y 

See Fairchild et al. 1997 Algae See Fairchild et al. 1997 Y See Fairchild et al. 1997 See 

20212223

See Fairchild et al. 1997 Algae See Fairchild et al. 1997 Y See Fairchild et al. 1997 See 

Similar to OPPTS 850.5400

Algal Toxicity? Algae Selenastrum capricornutum Y Y 

Similar to OPPTS 850.4400

Aquatic Plant Toxicity? Macrophyte Lemna minor Y Y 

Non"standard Algae Chlamydomonas globosa, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and Stichococcus bacillaris Y Y 

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

242526

Non"standard Plant Helianthus annuus L., cv. Frankasol Y Y 2"lea

Non"standard Plant Helianthus annuus (Frankasol, Cargill, France) Y Y 2"lea

Non"standard Plant Helianthus annuus (Frankasol) Y Y 

Non standard Plant Maize (Zea mays) Y Y 6 

272829

Non"standard Plant Maize (Zea mays) Y Y 6 

Non"standard Plant Maize (Zea mays) Y Y 6 

OECD Algae Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris Y Y 3"!or 

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

30313233

Non"standard Plant

Radishes (Raphanus sativus var. Champion

[Raphanus raphanistrum var. sativus]),

barley (Hordeum vulgare ), bush beans

(Phaseolus vulgaris var. Blue Lake), soybeans

(Glycine max var. Prize)

Y Y S

Similar to OECD 203 Fish Pimephales promelas Y Y 

Similar to OPPTS 850.5400

Algal Toxicity? Algae Chlamydomonas eugametos Y Y 3"!or 

Similar to OECD 205 Bird Coturnix coturnix japonica Y Y 

Phaseolus vulgaris L Solanum tuberosum L

3435363738

Non"standard Plant

Phaseolus vulgaris L., Solanum tuberosum L.,

Beta vulgaris L., Lycopersicon esculentum

Mill, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Y Y 

Similar to OPPTS 850.1025

Oyster Acute Toxicity Test

(shell deposition)?

Aquatic

Invertebrate Crassostrea gigas Y Y 

Non"standard Algae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans Y Y 

Non"standard Bird Anas platyrhynchos Y Y Egg/embr

Non"standard Invertebrate Deroceras reticulatum Y Y Egg/

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

3940414243

Non"standard Invertebrate Deroceras reticulatum Y Y Egg/

Non"standard Plant Triticum aestivum (Anza) Y Y 0 to 1, 2 to 3, 

Non"standard Plant Trifolium pratense L., T. alexandrinum L. Y Y 1 and 2 

Non"standard Plant Digitaria ischaemum, Cyperus esculentus L. Y Y crabgrass 2"

Non"standard Plant Barley (Hordeum vulgare ), soybean (Glycine

max ) Y Y Soybean: fi

se

4344454647

Non"standard Algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa Y Y Actively 

Non"standard Plant

Root bioassay: sorghum (Sorghum vulgare ),

oat (Avena sativa ), and cucumber (Cucumis

sativus)Shoot bioassay: sorghum and oat.

Y Y pre"

Non"standard Algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus Y Y 

Non"standard Algae Chlorella vulgaris Y Y 

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

484950

Non"standard Algae Scenedesmus quadricauda Y Y 

Non"standard Algae Raphidocelis subcapitata (Selenastrum capricornutum) Y Y 

Non"standard Algae

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

(Selenastrum capricornutum), Scenedesmus

quadricauda, Scenedesmus obliquus,

Chlorella vulgaris, and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Y Y 

16 non target species (Achillea millefolium

51525354

Non"standard Plant

16 non"target species (Achillea millefolium,

Anthriscus sylvestris, Carduus acanthoides,

Conium maculatum, Cirsium arvense,

Convolvulus arvensis, Geranium pusillum,

Hypericum perforatum, Lamium album,

Ranunculus repens, Rumex obtusifolius,

Rumex sanguineus, Silene alba, Trifolium

repens, Vicia tetrasperma, Urtica dioica )

Y Y

Respectively

mature ros

flowering

flowering, fl

flowering, pr

Non"standard Plant Triticum aestivum L. Y Y Stage 13 

tillered/prejo

N/A Invertebrate Apis mellifera Y Y 

Similar to OECD Guideline

213 Honeybee acute oral

toxicity?

Invertebrate Apis mellifera Y Y New

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

55565758

Non"standard Invertebrate Deroceras reticulatum Y N 40

Non"standard Plant Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum aestivum L.,

Avena sativa L., Brassica campestris L.

Y Y 

Non"standard Plant Oryza sativa L. (Lemont, Mars, Tebonnet) Y Y 2"3 leaf, 4"5 

Non"standard Plant Datura stromonium L., Amaranthus retroflexus, Glycine max (Kent soybeans) Y Y Postemerg

t

Non"standard Algae Scenedesmus quadricauda, Selenastrum capricornutum Y Y Ch

596061

capricornutum

Non"standard Cyanobacteria

Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria sp.,

Pseudanabaena sp., Anabaena inaequalis,and Aphanizomenon flos"aquae

Y Y Ch

Non"standard Algae Nitzschia sp. and Cyclotella meneghiniana Y Y Ch

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

626364656667

Non"standard Macrophyte Lemna minor Y Y 

Non"standard Plant Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. Y Y

50"150 m

experiment, 

Non"standard Multiple Multiple N N 

Non"standard Invertebrate Aleochara bilineata Y Y Adu

Non"standard Plant Trifolium subterraneum L. Y Y 2 cultivars at Non"standard Plant Triticum aestivum L. var. Nugaines, Amsinckia intermedia Fish. & Mey Y Y Wheat at 2"ti

6768697071

Amsinckia intermedia Fish. & Mey 

Similar to OPPTS 850.5400

Algal Toxicity? Algae Selenastrum capricornutum Y Y 4

Non"standard Plant Triticum aestivum Y Y 

Non"standard Plant Lucerne (Medicago sativa ) Y Y G

Not reported Algae Not reported N Y 

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G H I J K 

Methodology Organism class

Reports biological

effect on live, whole

organisms?

Test species A

7273747576

Not reported Aquatic Invertebrate Daphnia magna Y Y 

Not reported Fish Not reported N Y 

Non"standard Algae Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, and Chlorella sp. Y Y 

Non"standard Plant Glycine max (L.) Merr. Y Y Postemer

greenhouse e

Non"standard Plant Soybean (Glycine max ) and various associated weed species Y Y Greenhouse

plants (weed 

cm); 

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12345

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Planted at Irrigated Agriculture and

Extension Center, Prosser, Washington Field (test plots) Y Rates: 4.26, 14.2, 42.6, 142 g/ha Y 3 

Planted at Irrigated Agriculture and

Extension Center, Prosser, Washington Field (test plots) Y Rates: 4, 14, 43, 142 g/ha Y 4 

Planted at Irrigated Agriculture and

Extension Center, Prosser, Washington Field (test plots) Y Rates: 4.3, 14.2, 42.6, 142 g/ha Y 3 

Seeds, not specified Laboratory Y 10"4 M Y 4 

Location: field or

laboratory? Concentrations tested

678

Seed suppliers in US/Canada, 2 species

collected in Denmark Laboratory (greenhouse) Y Range"finding and 40, 72, 130, 240 g/ha Y 6 

US EPA lab at Duluth Laboratory Y 2.47, 3.80, 5.85, 9.0, and 13.8 mg/L Y 2 

National Fisheries Contaminant Research

Center, Yankton SD Laboratory Y Log series of 6"8 unspecified concentrations Y Not reported 

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1

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

9

10

11

Not reported Laboratory Y

5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μg/L in

continuous exposure or as daily

pulses which gave the same

range of 24"h average

concentrations

Y 4 

Culture Collection of Algae at University of

Texas Laboratory Y

1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40,

50, 60, and 80 μM (or 0.3, 0.7,

1.4, 2, 2.8, 4.2, 5.5, 8.3, 11.1,

13.8, 16.6, and 22.2 mg/L

assuming MW=276.9)

Y 6 

Field Field Y 0.57 kg a.i./ha Y 6 paired plots 

1112131415

Runners, not specified Laboratory (greenhouse) Y Rates: 0.25, 1.0 kg/ha Y 2 

National Collection of Algae and Protozoa,

Cambridge, U.K. Laboratory Y 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/L Y 5 

Sown at Agricultural Institute, Wagga

Wagga, NSW

Field (test plots) Y Rate: 200 g a.i./L at 1.4 L/ha Y 3 

N/A N/A N N/A N N/A 

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1

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

16171819

Not reported Not reported. Laboratory? N 10, 25, 50, 100 ppm Y Not reported 

Clover field at Experimental Station

Lelystad Laboratory Y

Bromoxynil 225 EC at 0.9, 1.8,

2.7 g a.i./kg seed Bromoxynil

250 SC at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and

1.00 g a.i./kg seed

Y 4 

Clover field at Experimental Station

Lelystad Laboratory Y 5 g a.i./kg seed Y 4 

Clover field at Experimental Station

Lelystad

Laboratory Y 5 g a.i./kg seed Y 3 

See Fairchild et al. 1997 See Fairchild et al. 1997 N See Fairchild et al. 1997 N See Fairchild et al. 1997 

20212223

See Fairchild et al. 1997 See Fairchild et al. 1997 N See Fairchild et al. 1997 N See Fairchild et al. 1997 

Carolina Biological Supply Company Laboratory Y

5 concs. diluted in a 50% series

from technical grade (conc. not

specified)

N 3 

Carolina Biological Supply Company Laboratory Y

5 concs. diluted in a 50% series

from technical grade (conc. not

specified)

N 3 

Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa,

University of Cambridge Laboratory Y

1.19 x 10"5 M, 2.38 x 10"5 M,

and 3.57 x 10"5 M (3.3, 6.6,

9.89 mg/L, assuming MW=

276.9)

Y 3

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1

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

242526

Planted and cultivated in greenhouse Laboratory (wind tunnel/greenhouse) Y Concentrations between 0.012" 4.104 ug/m3 Y 6 

Planted and cultivated in greenhouse Laboratory (wind tunnel/greenhouse) Y 17 concentrations between 0.012"4.104 ug/m3 Y 6 

Cargill, France Laboratory (greenhouse) Y Eight concentrations between 0.120 and 2.218 μg/m3 Y 8 

Not reported Field Y 338 g/ha Y 1 

272829

Not reported Field Y 338 g/ha Y 1 Not reported Field Y 500 g/ha Y 1 

Carolina Biological Supply Company Laboratory Y 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of growth medium Y 3 

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1

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

30313233

Not reported Laboratory (greenhouse) Y 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg in soil Y 3 

US EPA lab at Duluth and University of

Wisconsin"Superior Laboratory Y 4.43, 6.82, 10.5, 16.1 and 24.8 mg/L Y 2 

Indiana culture collection No. 9 Laboratory Y

1E"8, 1E"7, 1E"6, 1E"5, 1E"4, 1E" 3 M (0.003, 0.03, 0.28, 2.8,

27.7, 276.9 mg/L, assuming a

MW of 276.9)

Y 4 

Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel

MD Laboratory (indoor pens) Y 1000, 2236, 5000 ppm in feed Y 1 

3435363738

Grown in pots Laboratory (bioassay) Y Mixture of 4 herbicides including bromoxynil at 0.5 g/ha Y 4 to 7 pots

Not reported Laboratory Y 0 (controls), 0.025, 0.05, 0. 1, 0.25, 0.5, l , 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L Y Unclear (200 total larvae growth and 50 total for ce

deposition) 

Stocks at M.A.F.F. Conwy in Wales Laboratory Y 0 (controls), 0.025, 0.05, 0. 1, 0.25, 0.5, l , 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L Y Not reported 

Whistling Wings, Hanover IL and Oak Ridge

Game Farm, Gravette, AR Laboratory Y 3"6 geometrically spaced concentrations Y 30 

Clover fields in Santiago de Compostela

(Spain) and Lelystad (Netherlands) Laboratory Y 5 in a two"fold geometric series Y 5 

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M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

3940414243

Clover fields in Santiago de Compostela

(Spain) and Lelystad (Netherlands) Laboratory Y

5 in geometric series ranging

from 0.000393 to 3.93 mg

a.i./cm2

Y 3 

Not reported Field Y 0.5 lbs per acre Y 4 

From seed Field (test plots) Y Rate: 300 g a.i./ha Y 3 

Growing in natural outdoor fields Field (existing football field and sod farm) Y Rates: 0.25 and 0.5 lb a.i./acre Y 3 

Not reported Laboratory Y 0.1% Buctril Y 10 

4344454647

Not reported Laboratory Y 1 and 10 ppm Y 4 

Not reported Laboratory Y 1 and 10 ppm Y 4 

Institute of Wuhan Hydrobiology, the

Chinese Academic of Science Laboratory Y 0 to 150 mg/L Y Not reported

Institute of Wuhan Hydrobiology, Chinese

Academy of Science Laboratory Y Unspecified ranging from 0 to 150 mg/L Y 3 

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1

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

484950

Institute of Wuhan Hydrobiology, the

Chinese Academic of Science Laboratory Y Various concentrations N 3 

Institute of Wuhan Hydrobiology, the

Chinese Academic of Science Laboratory Y Wide range of concentrations N 3 

Institute of Wuhan Hydrobiology, theChinese Academy of Science Laboratory Y

Tests in a concentration series

of 50% dilutions between the

ranges of: 0.2"20 mg/L (C.

vulgaris), 50"1,000 mg/L (C.

pyrenoidosa), 0.5"50 mg/L (S.

obliquus), 0.1"20 mg/L (S.

quadricauda), and 0.2"20 mg/L

(P. subcapitata).

Y 3 

51525354

Not reported Laboratory Y 0.76 kg a.i./ha Y 2 

Seeded at U Wyoming Research &

Extension Center, Torrington WY

Field (test plots), and

laboratory (grain analysis) Y Rate: 0.55 kg/ha Y 6 for field, 4 for lab 

Not reported N/A N N/A N N/A 

Not reported Laboratory Y 10, 100, 1000 ppm in sucrose

syrup

Y 5 

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1

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

55565758

Clover field at Experimental Station

Lelystad Laboratory Y 5, 25, 50, 100 g a.i./kg seeds Y 4 

Not reported Field (test plots) Y Rate: 0.35 kg/ha Y 3 

Drill"seeded at Rice Research Station,

Crowley LA Field (test plots) Y Rates: 0.3 and 0.6 kg a.i./ha Y 4 

Seeded and planted at Wye Institute,

Queenstown MD

Field (test plots) Y Rates: 0.140"1.12 kg/ha (entire plant, and lower third) Y 1 

Unspecified laboratory cultures Laboratory Y 0.280 mg/L Y 3

596061

Unspecified laboratory cultures; Pasteur

Institute Culture Collection, Paris, France;

and University of Toronto Culture

Collection, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Laboratory Y 0.280 mg/L Y 3

University of Texas Culture Collection,

Austin, Texas, USA, and Freshwater

Institute Culture Collection, Winnipeg,

Manitoba, Canada.

Laboratory Y 0.280 mg/L Y 3

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1

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

626364656667

Small manmade pond near Saskatoon,

Saskatchewan Laboratory Y 0.280 mg/L Y 4 

Planted in flats for greenhouse, and

planted by seed for field experiment

Field plots and laboratory

(greenhouse) Y

Rate: 0.28 kg a.i./ha for

greenhouse and field Y 2 (for field) 

N/A N/A N N/A N N/A Not reported Laboratory Y ~0.6 μL/cm2 Y 9 

Planted from seed in greenhouse Laboratory (greenhouse) Y Rates: 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.42, 0.56, 0.70 g a.i./ha Y 2 

Planted caryopses, thinned to one seedling

per pot

Laboratory (controlled test

chambers) Y

Rates: 9"288 g a.i./ha for

fiddleneck, 1100"66200 g a.i./ha Y 10 

6768697071

per pot chambers) for wheat

Not reported Laboratory Y

Unspecified, 10 concentrations

in the inhibition range using a

stock solution dilution (7.5 g/L

in 100% acetone)

N

Microplate: 5 test and 10

control

Flask: 3 test and 6 contro

Not reported Laboratory Y 30 μmol solution Y 27 

Not reported Laboratory Y 2.5 L/ha Y 4 to 5 

Not reported Laboratory Y Not reported N Not reported 

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1

M N O P Q R 

Source of test species Number of replicate

Location: field or laboratory? Concentrations tested

7273747576

Not reported Laboratory Y Not reported N Not reported 

Not reported Laboratory Y Not reported N Not reported 

University of Rhode Island collection,

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,

and Culture Collection of Algae from

University of Texas at Austin.

Laboratory Y

Not reported (highest tested

concentration did not exceed

solubility)

Y 2 

Planted from seed at Agronomy South

Farm, Urbana IL

Field plots and laboratory

(greenhouse) Y Rates: 0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 kg/ha Y 3"4 

Planted in pots and in field Field plots and laboratory (greenhouse)

Y

Rates: 0.6 kg/ha (field study),

1.1 kg/ha (greenhouse study) Y

4 

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12345

T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation 

2 applications, 1"yr

apart

Y Y Water + 0.25% surfactant Y Not reported Not reported 

2 applications, 1"yr

apart

Y Y Water + 0.25% surfactant Y Not reported Not reported 

3 applications over 2

years

Y Y Water + 0.25% surfactant Y Not reported Not reported 

Seeds soaked for 4

hrs in herbicide

solution

Y Y

Water and enzyme

preparation from "clean"

plants

Y Not reported Not reported 

Duration of exposure? Types of controls/ acceptability of control

678

Single spray event Y Y Negative control? Y Not reported Saxo (20% octanoate" bromoxynil) 

96 hours Y Y Negative control Y Aldrich Chemical Co. Analytical grade (>98% pure) 

48hr Y Y Solvent and negative controls Y Union Carbide ME4 Brominal (34.9% bromoxynil) 

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T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

9

10

11

28d (continuous and

pulsed exposures) Y Y Solvent control Y Rhone"Poulene Ag Co., Research Triangle Park, NC Buctril (33.4% bromoxy

7 days (3 days for

reproduction

endpoint)

Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Tech grade 95% 

One fall application

88 and 89; two spring

applications in 90 and

91

N N Negative control Y Union Carbide

Brominal (28.5%

bromoxynil and 28.5%

MCPA)

1112131415

Single treatment Y Y Yes, but not specified Y Not reported 25% e.c. octanoate est

5, 10, 20, and 30 days Y Y Negative control Y Amchem Products Inc., Amber Analytical grade 

2 applications, 1"yr

apart Y Y Unsprayed control Y Brominil Bromoxynil n"octanoy

ester 

N/A N N/A N/A N N/A N/A 

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1

T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

16171819

Single injection Y Y Not reported N Not reported Not reported. Analytic

grade? 

7 days Y

N (pre"treated

with an

unidentified

fungicide)

Fungicide"only control Y Not reported Bromoxynil 225 EC an

Bromoxynil 250 SC 

6 days Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil 250 SC 

28 days Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil 250 SC 

See Fairchild et al.

N

See Fairchild et al. See Fairchild et al. 1997 N See Fairchild et al. 1997 See Fairchild et al. 199

20212223

1997

N

1997

See Fairchild et al. 1997 N See Fairchild et al. 1997 See Fairchild et al. 199

96 hrs Y Y Solvent and negative controls Y Not reported Technical grade 

96 hrs Y Y Solvent and negative controls Y Not reported Technical grade 

7 days Y Y Negative control Y May & Baker Ltd. sodium salts 

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T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

242526

24 hr Y Y Control plants not exposed N Spiess"Urania Chem., GmbH Certrol B (bromoxyni

octanoate ester) 

24 hr Y Y Control plants not exposed N Spiess"Urania Chem., GmbH Certrol B (bromoxyni

octanoate ester) 

24 hours Y Y Negative control N Spiess"Urania Chemicals Certrol B (bromoxynil

octanoate) 

Applications on day 1 Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil ester 

272829

pp y

and 6 Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil ester 

Applications on day 1

and 6 Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil phenol 

24 and 96 hr Y Y Negative control Y Aldrich 98% active ingred. 

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T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

30313233

4 weeks Y Y Negative control Y Aldrich 98% active ingred. 

96 hours Y Y Negative control Y Aldrich Chemical Co. Analytical grade (>98% pure) 

48 hr Y Y Solvent and negative controls Y Not reported Technical grade or bett

5 days N N Solvent control Y Commercial chemical retailer

or manufacturer

Bronate (31.7%

bromoxynil, 34% MCPA

Not reported (applied a

3435363738

Single treatment Y N Solvent control Y Not reported

p ( pp

an herbicide mixture alo

with MCPA, 2,4"D, and

dicamba)

9 days Y Y Solvent control Y Not reported Bromoxynil (purity no

reported) 

21 days Y Y Solvent control Y Not reported Bromoxynil (purity no

reported) 

Immersion in solution

for 30s Y N

Negative and "solvent" (e.g.

un"immersed eggs and eggs

immersed in water only)

Y Rhone"poulene, Inc Bronate (bromoxynil octanoate+ MCPA) 

7 days Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil 250 g/L SC 

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T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

3940414243

20 days Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil 250 g/L SC 

One application Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Not reported 

3 applications, 1"yr

apart Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Not reported 

Single treatment Y Y Negative control Y Not reported 3,5"dibromo"4" hydroxybenzonitrile 

Single spray

application Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Buctril 

4344454647

18"36 hrs Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Technical grade 

Root bioassay: 2

days

Shoot bioassay: 4

days

Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Technical grade 

96 hrs Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Not reported 

96 hours Y Y Solvent and negative controls Y Purchased in China Technical grade (95% pure)

Bayer CropScience 

Page 61 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

484950

96 hrs Y Y "Appropriate" controls Y Not reported 95% technical produc

96 hrs Y Y Negative control? Y People's Republic of China 95% technical produc

96 hrs Y Y Solvent control Y Limin Chemical Co. Ltd., China Bromoxynil octanoate 9

technical product 

51525354

Two applications Y N Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil + ioxynil (es

EC) 

3 applications, 1 at

each growth stage Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Not reported 

N/A N Y Not reported N Not reported Not reported 

60 days Y Y Negative control N Not reported Bromoxynil ("purest for

available") 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 62 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

55565758

7 days Y Y Negative control? Y/N Not reported Bromoxynil 250SC 

1 treatment Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Not reported 

3 applications, 1 at

each growth stage Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Not reported 

2 applications at each

growth stage (1 using

each method)

Y Y Yes, cultivated and non" cultivated Y Not reported Not reported 

22 hrs Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil butyrate est

technical material 

596061

technical material

22 hrs Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil butyrate est

technical material 

22 hrs Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil butyrate est

technical material 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 63 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

626364656667

7 days Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil butyrate est

technical material 

1 application Y Y Hand"weeded control Y Not reported Not reported 

N/A N N N/A N N/A N/A 

19 days Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil (60%) + CGA1136872 (surfactan

2 applications at 2

leaf stages Y Y Negative control Y Not reported Bromoxynil n"octanoy

ester (200 g a.i./L) 

1 application Y Y Acetone (90%) control Y Not reported Bromoxynil octanoate 

6768697071

96 hrs Y Y Solvent and negative controls Y Rhone"Poulenc Agriculture Technical grade 

2 hours Y Y Solvent and negative controls? Y/N

Synthesized at Research

Centre of CHINOIN

Pharmaceutical and Chemical

Works Ltd.

Pure (not specified) 

6 weeks Y Y Rhizobium inoculated and

non"inoculated controls Y Not reported Brominal EC 

96"hour Y Y Not reported N Not reported Not reported. Analytic

grade? 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 64 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

T U V W X Y Z 

Single

chemical

exposure?

Source of bromoxynil Bromoxynil formulation Duration of exposure? 

Types of controls/ acceptability of control

7273747576

48"hour Y Y Not reported N Not reported Not reported. Analytic

grade? 

96"hour Y Y Not reported N Not reported Not reported. Analytic

grade? 

72 hr (S. costatum

and T. pseudonana )

96 hr (Chlorella sp)

Y Y

Solvent and negative

controls Y

Aldrich Chemical Co.

(Wilwaukee, WI)

3,5"dibromo"4" hydroxybenzonitrile 

1 application Y Y Weedy and hand"weeded controls Y Not reported 3,5"dibromo"4" hydroxybenzonitrile 

1 application Y Y

Cultivated and hand" weeded controls Y

Not reported Not reported 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 65 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

12345

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

No Interpreted NOAELs and

LOAELs (growth) Y ANOVA, means separated by LSD p = 0.05

0"12% injury 30 DAT; 95"102% of height

achieved; For 1 yr old trees: LOAEL 30 DAT =

14.2 g/ha; NOAEL 120 DAT = 142 g/ha; For 2 yr

old trees: LOAEL 30 DAT = 142 g/ha; For tree

height (1 yr old trees): NOAEL = 142 g/ha

No Interpreted NOAELs and

LOAELs (growth, yield, injury) Y ANOVA, means separated by LSD p = 0.05 98"101% of height achieved; NOAEL = 142 g/ha for growth, yield, injury 

No Interpreted LOAEL (growth and injury) Y ANOVA, means separated by LSD p = 0.05 0"57% injury; 67 to 110% cane weight achieved; LOAEL 14 DAT for percent injury = 4.3!"!14.2

g/ha

No Interpreted LOAEL (proteolytic activity) Y Averages, not specified 32% reduced proteolytic activity, Class II growth inhibition; LOAEL = 10"4 M 

LOAEL for range"finding, EC50 (listed for various

Paper reports a calculated

endpoint?

678

Yes, of stock

solutions

EC50, vegetative vigor after 3

weeks

Y Linear interpolation species in Appendix), EC50s ranged frm 8.76 (Inula helenium)!"77.84 (Mentha spicata) g

a.i./ha.

Yes (daily) 96"hour LC50 Y Trimmed Spearman"Karber method LC50= 11.5 mg/L; no obvious signs of distress observed prior to death 

No

24"hr and 48"hr EC50

(immobilization) Y Litchfield"Wilcoxon method 24"hr EC50= 2.35 mg/L 48"hr EC50= 1.90 mg/L 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 66 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

9

10

11

No

NOAEC, LOAEC, MATC for

growth, survival,

reproduction, population

growth

Y

One way ANOVA, moving

average angle method

Continuous exposure: NOAEC= 20 μg/L;

LOAEC(growth, reproduction, pop. growth)= 40

μg/L; MATC (geo. mean)= 28 μg/L

Intermittent exposure: NOAEC= ~10 μg/L; LOAEC

(growth, reproduction, pop. growth)= 20 μg/L;

MATC (geo. mean)= 14 μg/L

Not reported NOAEC (growth and reproduction) Y ANOVA NOAEC (growth and reproduction)= 80 μM (22.2 mg/L) 

No No N Population estimates with

CAPTURE and JOLLY programs

Opaque corneas in voles correlated to Brominal

exposure

1112131415

No Interpreted 8"week LOAEL (vegetative vigor, growth) Y None reported 40% reduced weight, reduced vigor; LOAEL for weight = 0.25 kg/ha 

Not reported

NOAEC, LOAEC, EC50

(growth rate, growth

inhibition)

Graphical interpretation

NOAEC = 10 mg/L for all species except H.

barlowiH. barlowi: EC50 (growth)= 0.5"2 mg/L;

LOAEC(growth inhibition)= 5 mg/L

No

LOAEL (injury, yield) 30"60

DAT

Y ANOVA

Clover LOAEL (herbage yield)/lucerne LOAEL

(yield)= 280 g a.i/ha (200g a.i./L applied at 1.4

L/ha).

N/A No N N/A N/A 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 67 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

16171819

No No N None

Injection of 10 and 25 ppm bromoxynil in

acetone reduced hatching to 64 and 69% of

controls, respectively. Injection of 50 ppm and

greater caused 100% egg mortality

No No N LSD

Reduced consumption of bromoxynil"exposed

seeds 

Not reported No N None (percentages) Bromoxynil seed treatment did not prevent slugs from damaging seedlings 

No No N None (percentages) 63 to 67% reduction in germination following bromoxynil seed treatment. 

See Fairchild et al. See Fairchild et al. 1997 N See Fairchild et al. 1997 See Fairchild et al. 1997 

20212223

1997

See Fairchild et al. 1997 N See Fairchild et al. 1997 See Fairchild et al. 1997 

No EC50, NOAEC, LOAEC (growth) Y ANOVA, Dunnett's multiple range test EC50 = 7,762 μg/L, NOAEC = 3,125 μg/L, LOAEC = 6,250 μg/L 

No EC50, LOAEC (growth) Y ANOVA, Dunnett's multiple

range test

EC50 = 8,065 μg/L, LOAEC = 3,125 μg/L 

No Interpreted NOAEC (growth) Y ANOVA

NOAEC= 3.57 x 10"5 M (S. bacillaris, C.

pyrenoidosa); 2.38 x 10"5 (C. globosa). C.

globosa and S. bacillaris more sensitive than C.

pyrenoidosa; bromoxynil was more toxic at pH 5

(vs. 6.5 and 8.0)

Bayer CropScience 

Page 68 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

242526

Yes

LOAEL/NOAEL, ED50

(quantum yield, leaf

inhibition, biomass)

Y Non"linear regression, ANOVA

LOAEL = 0.78 μg/m3 for quantum yield, ED50 =

1.443 μg/m3 for leaf inhibition, NOAEL= 1.199

μg/m3 for biomass at 2"leaf stage, NOAEL =

1.202 μg/m3 for 4"leaf; NOAEL for quantum

yield = 0.265 μg/m3

Yes

LOAEL/NOAEL, ED50

(quantum yield, leaf

inhibition, biomass)

Y Non"linear regression, ANOVA

ED50s for exposed leaves 0.916 4 DAT to 1.562

μg/m3 16 DAT. ED50s of newly developed

leaves 1.443 to 2.126 μg/m3, 2 and 8 DAT.

Complete recovery in 16 days at 1.310 μg/m3;

NOAEL for exposed leaves 0.265 ug/m3

Yes NOAEL; ED50 (quantum yield) Y Non"linear regression analysis

Exposed leaves (quantum yield): NOAEL= 0.449

μg/m3; EC50= 1.106 μg/m3 Leaves developed

after exposure (quantum yield): NOAEL= 1.159

μg/m3; EC50= 1.588 μg/m3. All exposures

delayed flowering.

No Interpreted NOAEL (growth, Y None NOAEL= 338 g/ha; No effect on maize yield 

272829

No p (g , yield) Y None g/ ; y when applied for nightshade control No Interpreted NOAEL (yield) Y None NOAEL= 500 g/ha; No effect on maize yield when applied for nightshade control 

Not reported Interpreted NOAEC (growth rate) Y ANOVA 96"hour NOAEC = 1 mg/L 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 69 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

30313233

Not reported Interpreted NOAEL (growth rate) Y ANOVA NOAEL = 1 mg/kg (radish & barley) 

Yes (daily) 96"hour LC50 Y Trimmed Spearman"Karber method LC50= 13.8mg/L; loss of schooling behavior, hyperactivity and increased respiration were observed 

Not reported Interpreted NOAEC and LOAEC (growth) Y Duncan's multiple range test

NOAEC= 1 x 10"5 (no significant inhibition of

growth); LOAEC= significantly inhibited growth

at 1 x 10"4 M

No 5"day dietary LD50 Y None LD50> 5000 ppm diet (reduced food consumption observed) 

Potato: NOAEL (leaf area, dry weight, damage)=

3435363738

No Interpreted NOAEL (leaf area, weight, damage) Y Fisher's LSD test

( , y g , g )

2.25 g/ha; Sugar beet, sunflower: NOAEL (leaf

area, dry weight)= 2.25 g/ha; Tomato: NOAEL

(dry weight)=2.25 g/ha

No

9 day LC50; 9"day EC10 (shell

deposition) Y Not reported 9 day LC50= 7.0 mg/L; 9 day EC10 (shell deposition)= 0.80 mg/L 

No

21 day EC20 (growth);

NOAEC (growth) Y Not reported I. galbana: 21 day EC20 (growth)= 7.5 mg/L; C. gigas: NOAEC= 10 mg/L 

No LD50 Y ANOVA, Duncan's mulitple

range test, Chi"square analysis

LD50= 7.5 lb/A at 100 gal/A; no reduced growth

or abnormal survivors at less than the LD50 

No 4"day and 7 day LD50s Y Probit analysis 4"day LD50= 0.006 mg a.i./cm2; 7"day LD50= 0.00369 mg a.i./cm2 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 70 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

3940414243

No Interpreted LC100 Y Tukey's HSD test 48"hour LC100= 0.00393 mg a.i./cm2 

No No N Not reported

Bromoxynil treatment reduced grain yield when

applied to stage 1 wheat, but increased yieldwhen applied to older stages. Slight

phytotoxicity was observed at stages 2 and 4.

No

% visible injury, % survival,

yield, no. plants/m2 N

ANOVA, GENSTAT 5, LSD (least

significant difference)

calculated

% injury ranged from 8"83%, depending on

species and time after treatment; % survival 15" 68%; reduced yield 

No

NOAEL (nutsedge survival,

turfgrass injury scale) Y None reported

NOAEL = 0.25 lbs a.i./acre for nutsedge survival;

no turgrass injury at either rate (NOAEL = 0.5 lbs

a.i./acre for turfgrass injury)

No No N ANOVA

Exposure altered chlorphyll fluorescence inbarley for only the first 24 h after application;

soybean chlorophyll fluorescence was inhibited

120 h

4344454647

at 120 h

Not reported None (> or < 50% growth inhibition) Y None reported Growth inhibition = <50% at 1 ppm; <50% at 10 ppm 

Not reported None (> or < 50% growth inhibition) Y None reported

Growth inhibition = <50% at 1 ppm for all

species tested;

Growth inhibition = >50% at 10 ppm for oats

(roots and shoots) but not other species

Not reported EC50 (photosynthesis inhibition) Y Linear regression Chlorella: EC50 = 4.4064 mg/L Scenedesmus: EC50 = 53.4359 mg/L 

No EC50 (growth) Y Linear regression analysis 96"hour EC50= 89.1256 mg/L 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 71 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

484950

Not reported EC50 (growth) Y Linear regression analysis EC50 = 3.7 mg/L 

Not reported EC50 (growth) Y Linear regression analysis EC50 = 4.2286 mg/L (growth inhibition) 

Not reported NOAEC, LOAEC, EC50 (growth) Y Linear regression analysis

C. vulgaris: EC50 = 5.72 mg/L; LOAEC = 1 mg/L;

NOAEC = 0.5 mg/L

C. pyrenoidosa: EC50 = 324.55 mg/L; LOAEC =

100 mg/L; NOAEC = 50 mg/L

S. obliquus: EC50 = 7.54 mg/L; LOAEC = 2 mg/L;

NOAEC = 1 mg/LS. quadricauda: EC50 = 5.82 mg/L; LOAEC = 0.5mg/L; NOAEC = 0.2 mg/L

P. subcapitata: EC50 = 4.43 mg/L; LOAEC = 1

mg/L; NOAEC = 0.5 mg/L

51525354

No No N LSD

Only four species were seriously affected by

ioxynil+bromoxynil: Carduus acanthoides,

Conium maculatum, Veronica persica, Alliaria

peteolata. Authors concluded that this herbicide

was of limited toxicity to edge"of"field plant

species

No Interpreted NOAEL (growth, yield, protein content) Y ANOVA for growth, Fisher's Protected LSD for grain yield NOAEL = 0.55 kg/ha for growth and yield, and protein content 

No No N Not reported N/A 

No No N Duncan's multiple range test

Half"life of bee population was increased over

controls (17.5 days) at 10 ppm (34.5 days) and

100 ppm (33.8 days), but reduced at 1000 ppm

(2.9 days)

Bayer CropScience 

Page 72 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

55565758

No No N Least Significant Difference

Bromoxynil seed treatment did not prevent slug

feeding on seedlings; perennial ryegrass

germination was significantly reduced by all

treatments

No

Interpreted NOAEL

(topgrowth killed),

observations at 2 and 28

days

Y ANOVA, Duncan's multiple

range test

83"100% topgrowth kill for rape, no effect on

other species (NOAEL = 0.35 kg/ha) 

No Interpreted NOAEL (visible

injury, yield) Y Fisher Protected LSD NOAEL = 0.3 kg a.i./ha for grain yield; 7"20% injury 

No Interpreted NOAEL (soybean injury) Y LSD

100% control of jimsonweed at 0.140 kg/ha over

entire plant, with lesser control at other

applications; NOAEL 0.14 kg/ha for soybean

injury

Not reported Interpreted NOAEC (growth) Y t"tests Both species: no statistically significant differences in growth at 0 280 mg/L 

596061

differences in growth at 0.280 mg/L

Not reported Interpreted NOAEC (growth) Y t"tests All species: No statistically significant difference in growth at 0.280 mg/L 

Not reported Interpreted NOAEC (growth) Y t"tests

Only Nitzschia sp. exhibited statistically

significant difference in growth at 0.280 mg/L

(40% enhancement!)

Bayer CropScience 

Page 73 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

626364656667

Not reported Interpreted NOAEC (growth inhibition) Y t"tests No statistic significant difference in growth at 0.280 mg/L 

No No N LSD for field experiment 100% injury (death) for both greenhouse and field experiments 

N/A No N N/A Toxicity data from database 

No

NOAEC (mortality, egg

production, hatch) Y ANOVA and Chi Square test

NOAEC= ~0.6 μL/cm2 (mortality/ egg

production/hatch) or 830 ppm, when

bromoxynil was tested alone (effects seen with

bromoxynil mixtures)

No

IC50/EC50 (injury, yield,

weight)

Y

Log"logistic dose"response

model, linear regression,

Spearman rank test

I50s (EC50s) for reduced herbage yield (dry) 0.65" 1.22 proportion of recommended herbicide rate

(0.28 g a.i./ha), depending on spraying time, leaf

stage, and cultivar

No

ED50s (dose required to

reduce dry weight by 50%)

Y ANOVA p = 0.05

ED50 = 2400 g/ha for wheat, 22 g/ha for

fiddleneck

6768697071

reduce dry weight by 50%) fiddleneck

No EC50 (growth) Y Linear regression analysis, Dunnett's test, Student's t test Microplate: EC50 = 3.4 mg/L Flask: EC50 = 2.9 mg/L 

No No N Not reported

Bromoxynil treatment reduced CO2 fixation to

5.11 μM CO2/mg chlorophyll x hour (control=

10.8 μM CO2/mg chlorophyll x hour)

No

Number and dry mass of

nodules Y Averages, not specified No effect on nodule formation 

Not reported 96"hour EC50 Y Not reported 96"hour EC50= 8 mg/L 

Bayer CropScience 

Page 74 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AB AC AD AE AF 

Chemical

analysis? Statistics Results 

Paper reports a calculated endpoint?

7273747576

Not reported 48"hour LC50 Y Not reported 48"hour LC50= 12.5 mg/L 

Not reported 96"hour LC50 Y Not reported 96"hour LC50= 0.15 mg/L 

Yes EC50 (growth) Y Straight"line graphical interpretation

S. costatum: EC50 = 0.86 to 2.5 mg/L depending

on saltwater type

T. pseudonana: EC50 = 1.2"5 mg/L depending on

saltwater type

Chlorella sp.: EC50 = 3.1"10 mg/L depending on

saltwater type

No Interpreted LOAEL: Visible

injury, and reduced yield Y Bayes LSD p =0.05

0.3 kg/ha was phytotoxic, 0.1 kg/ha produced

low levels of injury in soybeans 

No

Interpreted NOAEL (weight

of top"growth) from field

study Y

LSD p = 0.05, Duncan's

multiple range test

Field: soybean NOAEL = 0.6 kg/ha (significant

effects on weed species); LOAEL = 1.1 kg/ha for

soybean growth in greenhouse experiment 2 (fie

Bayer CropScience 

Page 75 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

12345

AH

Comments

NOAELs and LOAELs interpreted from data in

tables for 1 and 2 yr old trees, 20 to 120 DAT;

statistical method reported

NOAELs and LOAELs interpreted from data in

tables; statistical method reported

LOAELs interpreted from data in tables;

statistical method reportedLOAELs interpreted from data in table, but only

one concentration was tested (no bounding of

exposures/effect rates)

Lists LOAELs/EC50s for the various species in an

678

Lists LOAELs/EC50s for the various species in an

appendix; analytical verification of stock solution

concentrationsAnalytical verification of test concentrations

performedSmall CIs for EC50 values indicate appropriate

test concentrations used (although not reported)

Bayer CropScience 

Page 76 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

9

10

11

Experiments performed with bromoxynil

formulation Buctril

NOAEC interpreted from table. No significant

effects at highest concentration tested.

No calculated endpoint; test organisms were

exposed to a mixture of herbicides

1112131415

LOAEL interpreted from data in table; statistical

method not reported

NOAECs interpreted from table; graphical

interpretation reported at statistical method in

paperOnly one application rate tested (no bounding of

exposures)QSAR study (data from Ma et al 2002, 2006)

Bayer CropScience 

Page 77 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

16171819

No calculated endpoint; Unclear if control eggs

were injected; location of experiment not

reportedNo calculated endpoint; improper endpoint (slug

feeding rate); bromoxynil toxicity tested as a part

of a mixture

Improper endpoint (slug feeding rate)

No calculated endpoint presented

Pertinent data from Fairchild et al 1997

20212223

Pertinent data from Fairchild et al 1997Test concentrations not reported, but acceptable

CI reportedTest concentrations not reported, wide CI

reported for L. minor endpoints

NOAEC interpreted from table; toxicity of

bromoxynil was determined at different pHs

(most toxic at pH 5)

Bayer CropScience 

Page 78 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

242526

Analytical verification of test concentrations, but

controls not appropriately handled (not placed in

wind tunnels as were treatment plants)

Analytical verification of test concentrations, but

controls not appropriately handled (not placed in

wind tunnels as were treatment plants)

Analytical verification of test concentrations, but

controls not appropriately handled (not placed in

wind tunnels as were treatment plants)

Unbounded NOAEL interpreted from presented

272829

p p

data (only one application rate tested)

Unbounded NOAEL interpreted from presented

data (only one application rate tested)

Experiment conducted acccording to OECD

methodology; NOAEC value interpreted from

graph

Bayer CropScience 

Page 79 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

30313233

NOAEL values interpreted from graphs

Daily analytical verification of test

concentrations performed, methodology

approximates OECD standard

NOAEC and LOAEC values interpreted from table

Bromoxynil formulation tested also contained

MCPA

3435363738

Exposure was to herbicide mixture containing 0.5

g/ha bromoxynilSimilar to shell deposition test

Chronic tests with algae performed as part of

above experiment with oyster larvae

Concentrations not reported; bromoxynil tested

as part of mixtureConcentrations not reported, but CI small

enough to indicate acceptability of test

concentrations

Bayer CropScience 

Page 80 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

3940414243

Unbounded LC100 interpreted from data (lowest

tested concentration)No endpoint reported

Only one application rate tested (no bounding of

exposures/effect rates)

Only one concentration tested and no endpoints

were reported.

4344454647

Results reported qualitatively, cannot interpret

endpoint from data presented

Results reported qualitatively, cannot interpret

endpoint from data presented

Statistical methods not fully reported

Bayer CropScience 

Page 81 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

484950

Neither test concentrations or endpoint CI

reportedNeither test concentrations or endpoint CI

reported

51525354

Bromoxynil tested as a part of a bromoxynil +

ioxynil mixture; no endpoint reported

Only one application rate tested (no bounding of

exposures); unbounded NOAEL interpreted from

tableReview articleImproper endpoint: days until 50% of treated

bees die

Bayer CropScience 

Page 82 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

55565758

Improper endpoint (slug feeding rate); problem

with control appropriateness

Only one application rate tested (no bounding of

exposures); unbounded NOAEL interpreted

NOAEL interpreted from data/figures

Meets most criteria but control rating system

difficult to translate to % effect; insufficient

replication?Unbounded NOAEC interpreted from table

596061

Unbounded NOAEC interpreted from table

Unbounded NOAEC interpreted from table

Bayer CropScience 

Page 83 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

626364656667

Unbounded NOAEC interpreted from table

Only one application rate tested (no bounding of

exposures/effect rates)

No original data; QSAR study

Unbounded NOAEC interpreted from table;

effects on beetle observed only when

bromoxynil tested as part of mixture

EC50s interpreted from graphs and I50s, ranging

from 0.18"0.34 g a.i./ha

Calculates ED50s; includes statistics, details on

controls 67

68697071

controlsConcentrations not reported, but CIs small

enough to indicate acceptability of test

concentrationsNo calculated endpoint; appropriateness of

controls unclearUnclear bromoxynil test concentration

Paper not the primary source of data; species

not identified; concentrations and controls not

specified

Bayer CropScience 

Page 84 of 85
Bromoxynil Literature Review

July 11, 2011

1

AH

Comments

7273747576

Paper not the primary source of data;

concentrations and controls not specified

Paper not the primary source of data; species

not identified; concentrations and controls not

specified

Neither test concentrations or endpoint CI

reportedUnbounded LOAEL interpreted from table

Each experiment tested only one application

rate, but only field data provided an unbounded

NOAEL

Bayer CropScience 

Page 85 of 85