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|   |      (a)  Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or caused such   disclosure   controls  and   procedures  to  be  designed   under  our supervision,  to ensure  that  material  information  relating  to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries,  is made known to us   by others  within those  entities,  particularly  during the period in  which this report is being prepared; |
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|   |      (b)  Designed such internal  control over  financial  reporting,  or caused such internal  control over  financial  reporting to be designed under  our  supervision,   to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the reliability  of financial  reporting and the  preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
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|   |      (c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's  disclosure  controls and  procedures  and  presented  in this report our  conclusions  about the   effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end  of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
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|   | (d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Company's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual  report) that has materially  affected,  or is reasonably likely to  materially  affect,  the  Company's  internal  control over  financial reporting; and |
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