<PAGE>
                                                                    EXHIBIT 10.1

                                 PROMISSORY NOTE

                                  JULY 1, 2005
                                  ------------
                                     (DATE)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, NEOSE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. an other located at the address
stated below ("MAKER") promises, jointly and severally if more than one, to pay
to the order of GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION or any subsequent holder
hereof (each, a "PAYEE") at its office located at 83 WOOSTER HEIGHTS ROAD,
DANBURY, CT 06810 or at such other place as Payee or the holder hereof may
designate, the principal sum of SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY THREE THOUSAND FORTY THREE
AND 04/100 DOLLARS ($783,043.04), with interest on the unpaid principal balance,
from the date hereof through and including the dates of payment, at a fixed
interest rate of Nine and Forty Four Hundredths percent (9.44%) per annum, to be
paid in lawful money of the United States, in Forty-Eight (48) consecutive
monthly installments of principal and interest as follows:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
 Periodic
Installment                     Amount
------------------------------------------
<S>                             <C>
Thirty-Six (36)                 $22,016.47
Eleven (11)                     $11,052.92
</TABLE>

each ("Periodic Installment") and a final installment which shall be in the
amount of the total outstanding principal and interest. The first Periodic
Installment shall be due and payable on ____________________ and the following
Periodic Installments and the final installment shall be due and payable on the
same day of each succeeding month (each, a "Payment Date"). Such installments
have been calculated on the basis of a 360 day year of twelve 30-day months.
Each payment may, at the option of the Payee, be calculated and applied on an
assumption that such payment would be made on its due date.

The acceptance by Payee of any payment which is less than payment in full of all
amounts due and owing at such time shall not constitute a waiver of Payee's
right to receive payment in full at such time or at any prior or subsequent
time.

The Maker hereby expressly authorizes the Payee to insert the date value is
actually given in the blank space on the face hereof and on all related
documents pertaining hereto.

This Note may be secured by a security agreement, chattel mortgage, pledge
agreement or like instrument (each of which is hereinafter called a "SECURITY
AGREEMENT").

Time is of the essence hereof. If any installment or any other sum due under
this Note or any Security Agreement is not received within ten (10) days after
its due date, the Maker agrees to pay, in addition to the amount of each such
installment or other sum, a late payment charge of five percent (5%) of the
amount of said installment or other sum, but not exceeding any lawful maximum.
If (i) Maker fails to make payment of any amount due hereunder within ten (10)
days after the same becomes due and payable; or (ii) Maker is in default under,
or fails to perform under any term or condition contained in any Security
Agreement, then the entire principal sum remaining unpaid, together with all
accrued interest thereon and any other sum payable under this Note or any
Security Agreement, at the election of Payee, shall immediately become due and
payable, with interest thereon at the lesser of eighteen percent (18%) per annum
or the highest rate not prohibited by applicable law from the date of such
accelerated maturity until paid (both before and after any judgment).

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in the Security
Agreement, Maker may not prepay in full or in part any indebtedness hereunder
without the express written consent of Payee in its sole discretion.

It is the intention of the parties hereto to comply with the applicable usury
laws; accordingly, it is agreed that, notwithstanding any provision to the
contrary in this Note or any Security Agreement, in no event shall this Note or
any Security Agreement require the payment or permit the collection of interest
in excess of the maximum amount permitted by applicable law. If any such excess
interest is contracted for, charged or received under this Note or any Security
Agreement, or if all of the principal balance shall be prepaid, so that under
any of such circumstances the amount of interest contracted for, charged or
received under this Note or any Security Agreement on the principal balance
shall exceed the maximum amount of interest permitted by applicable law, then in
such event (a) the provisions of this paragraph shall govern and control, (b)
neither Maker nor any other person or entity now or hereafter liable for the
payment hereof shall be obligated to pay the amount of such interest to the
extent that it is in excess of the maximum amount of interest permitted by
applicable law, (c) any such excess
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which may have been collected shall be either applied as a credit against the
then unpaid principal balance or refunded to Maker, at the option of the Payee,
and (d) the effective rate of interest shall be automatically reduced to the
maximum lawful contract rate allowed under applicable law as now or hereafter
construed by the courts having jurisdiction thereof. It is further agreed that
without limitation of the foregoing, all calculations of the rate of interest
contracted for, charged or received under this Note or any Security Agreement
which are made for the purpose of determining whether such rate exceeds the
maximum lawful contract rate, shall be made, to the extent permitted by
applicable law, by amortizing, prorating, allocating and spreading in equal
parts during the period of the full stated term of the indebtedness evidenced
hereby, all interest at any time contracted for, charged or received from Maker
or otherwise by Payee in connection with such indebtedness; provided, however,
that if any applicable state law is amended or the law of the United States of
America preempts any applicable state law, so that it becomes lawful for the
Payee to receive a greater interest per annum rate than is presently allowed,
the Maker agrees that, on the effective date of such amendment or preemption, as
the case may be, the lawful maximum hereunder shall be increased to the maximum
interest per annum rate allowed by the amended state law or the law of the
United States of America.

The Maker and all sureties, endorsers, guarantors or any others (each such
person, other than the Maker, an "OBLIGOR") who may at any time become liable
for the payment hereof jointly and severally consent hereby to any and all
extensions of time, renewals, waivers or modifications of, and all substitutions
or releases of, security or of any party primarily or secondarily liable on this
Note or any Security Agreement or any term and provision of either, which may be
made, granted or consented to by Payee, and agree that suit may be brought and
maintained against any one or more of them, at the election of Payee without
joinder of any other as a party thereto, and that Payee shall not be required
first to foreclose, proceed against, or exhaust any security hereof in order to
enforce payment of this Note. The Maker and each Obligor hereby waives
presentment, demand for payment, notice of nonpayment, protest, notice of
protest, notice of dishonor, and all other notices in connection herewith, as
well as filing of suit (if permitted by law) and diligence in collecting this
Note or enforcing any of the security hereof, and agrees to pay (if permitted by
law) all expenses incurred in collection, including Payee's actual attorneys'
fees. Maker and each Obligor agrees that fees not in excess of twenty percent
(20%) of the amount then due shall be deemed reasonable.

Maker hereby irrevocably authorizes and empowers the Prothonotary or Clerk, or
any attorney for any Court of record to appear for Maker in such Courts, at any
time, and confess a judgement against Maker, without process, in favor of any
holder hereof, without the filing of a declaration of default, with release of
errors, without stay of execution, for such amount as may appear from the face
hereof to be due hereunder (or, if such attorney so elects, for the amount which
may be due hereon as evidenced by an affidavit signed by a representative of
holder setting forth the amount then due) together with charges, attorney's fees
and costs as herein provided, and Maker hereby waives and releases all benefits
and relief from any and all appraisement, stay or exemption laws of any state,
now in force or hereafter to be passed. If a copy hereof, verified by an
affidavit, shall have been filed in said proceeding, it shall not be necessary
to file the original as a warrant of attorney. No single exercise of the
foregoing warrant and power to confess judgement shall be deemed to exhaust the
power, whether or not such exercise shall be held by any Court to be invalid,
voidable, or void, but the power shall continue undiminished and may be
exercised from time to time as often as the holder hereof shall elect, until all
sums payable or that may become payable hereunder by Maker have been paid in
full.

THE MAKER HEREBY UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ITS RIGHTS TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY CLAIM
OR CAUSE OF ACTION BASED UPON OR ARISING OUT OF, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, THIS
NOTE, ANY OF THE RELATED DOCUMENTS, ANY DEALINGS BETWEEN MAKER AND PAYEE
RELATING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS TRANSACTION OR ANY RELATED TRANSACTIONS,
AND/OR THE RELATIONSHIP THAT IS BEING ESTABLISHED BETWEEN MAKER AND PAYEE. THE
SCOPE OF THIS WAIVER IS INTENDED TO BE ALL ENCOMPASSING OF ANY AND ALL DISPUTES
THAT MAY BE FILED IN ANY COURT (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, CONTRACT CLAIMS,
TORT CLAIMS, BREACH OF DUTY CLAIMS, AND ALL OTHER COMMON LAW AND STATUTORY
CLAIMS.) THIS WAIVER IS IRREVOCABLE MEANING THAT IT MAY NOT BE MODIFIED EITHER
ORALLY OR IN WRITING, AND THE WAIVER SHALL APPLY TO ANY SUBSEQUENT AMENDMENTS,
RENEWALS, SUPPLEMENTS OR MODIFICATIONS TO THIS NOTE, ANY RELATED DOCUMENTS, OR
TO ANY OTHER DOCUMENTS OR AGREEMENTS RELATING TO THIS TRANSACTION OR ANY RELATED
TRANSACTION. IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, THIS NOTE MAY BE FILED AS A WRITTEN
CONSENT TO A TRIAL BY THE COURT.

This Note and any Security Agreement constitute the entire agreement of the
Maker and Payee with respect to the subject matter hereof and supercedes all
prior understandings, agreements and representations, express or implied.

No variation or modification of this Note, or any waiver of any of its
provisions or conditions, shall be valid unless in writing and signed by an
authorized representative of Maker and Payee. Any such waiver, consent,
modification or change shall be effective only in the specific instance and for
the specific purpose given.
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Any provision in this Note or any Security Agreement which is in conflict with
any statute, law or applicable rule shall be deemed omitted, modified or altered
to conform thereto.

                                        NEOSE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

                                        By:
---------------------------------          ---------------------------------
(Witness)
                                        Name:
---------------------------------            -------------------------------
(Print name)
                                        Title:
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(Address)
                                        Federal Tax ID #: 13-3549286
                                                         -------------------

                                        Address: 102 Witmer Rd, Horsham,
                                                 Montgomery County, PA 19044