2007 Ozone Plan 

# Appendix E

Triennial Progress Report for the California 1-hour Ozone Standard2007 Ozone Plan 

### This page intentionally blank.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-1 

# Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report for the California 1-hour Ozone Standard

E.1 INTRODUCTION

In addition to being designated nonattainment for the federal 8-hour ozone standard, the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin is also designated as severe nonattainment for the California 1-hour ozone standard (see Chapter 2, section 2.3 for an explanation of air quality standards). Although the 2007 Ozone Plan presents the District’s strategy for attaining the federal 8-hour ozone standard, this appendix shows that in controlling ozone precursors, this strategy will also help the San Joaquin Valley progress towards attainment of California’s 1-hour ozone standard. This appendix satisfies California Clean Air Act (CCAA) and California Health and Safety Code (CH&SC) requirements for reporting progress towards attainment of state ozone standards.

E.1.1 Triennial Plan and Progress Report History

The District adopted the 1991 Air Quality Attainment Plan to satisfy state requirements for California’s 1-hour ozone standard in January 1992. ARB approved this plan in December 1992. Although this plan satisfied requirements for both ozone and carbon monoxide 1 

### , as directed by CH&SC Section 40911, since the San Joaquin Valley now attains the state carbon monoxide standard, the District is not required to address carbon monoxide in subsequent progress reports and plan revisions.

Chapter 10 of the CCAA added CH&SH sections with requirements for plans for attainment of the state ambient air quality standards. CH&SC Section 40924(b) and 40925(a) specifies that every third year following the attainment plan, each district will conduct a triennial review of its attainment plan, strategy, and progress and adopt the findings at a public hearing. The triennial reports are to assess the overall effectiveness of air quality programs, the quantity of emission reductions achieved in the preceding three-year period, the rate of emissions growth experienced in the District and projected into the future, and air quality improvement. The District’s first four Triennial Progress Reports are summarized in Table E-1. This appendix demonstrates that in addition to satisfying federal ozone requirements, the 2007 Ozone Plan satisfies state requirements for the Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 2003-2005 (2006 Triennial Update). The original deadline for this update was December 31, 2006; however, ARB revised the deadline to coincide with the 2007 State Implementation Plan (SIP) submittal.

1 The District was also designated nonattainment for the state particulate matter (PM) standards; however, CH&SC Section 40911 does not require California PM standard nonattainment areas to develop of plans.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-2 Table E-1 Triennial Progress Reports

Title Years Covered District Adoption ARB Approval 1994 Triennial Update (Chapter 8 of the 1994 Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan) 1992-1994 1994 November 1994 The 1997 Triennial Plan 1995-1997 1998 October 1999 The 2000 Triennial Plan 1997-1999 2001 California Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 2000-2002 (Chapter 8 in the Extreme Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan) 2000-2002 2004, Revised in October 2005 October 8, 2004



### E.1.2 State Requirements and Guidance

Although state law does not establish attainment dates, it requires evaluation of trends and continued progress in reducing emissions that lead to unhealthy pollutant levels. The CCAA, which was adopted in 1988 and added or amended several sections of the CH&SC, requires areas to report progress in meeting state mandates and revise state attainment plans to reflect changing conditions.

The August 1993 guidance document, Guidance for Annual and Triennial Progress Reports Under the California Clean Air Act, directs that these updates not become “burdensome or time consuming.” ARB’s 2003 Triennial Assessment and Plan Revisions guidance encourages air districts to combine planning efforts to meet state and federal requirements. Deadlines for Triennial Progress Reports and Triennial Plan Revisions generally coincide with federal Clean Air Act (CAA) deadlines. The required components are summarized in Table E-2.

Table E-2 CCAA Requirements for Triennial Progress Reports

Mandate for Severe Areas Source of Requirement (CH&SC Sections) Submittal in 2007 Ozone Plan
Emission Inventory 40913(a)(4-5) Appendix B Air Quality Analysis 40913(a)(1-2) Appendix A Control Measures, including Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT), Best Available Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT), area and indirect source controls 40913(a)(6-7), 40920(a)(1), 40918(3-4) Chapters 6, 7, 8 and Appendix I

Emission Reductions/All Feasible Measures 40913(a)(6-7), 40914(b)(2) Chapters 6, 7, 8 Appendices H & I Cost-Effectiveness, including a list which ranks the control measures from least to most cost-effective 40922(a-b) Chapter 6 Appendix I, Section E.7.1 Reasonably available transportation control measures, reducing passenger vehicle trips and miles traveled 40920(a)(1), 40918(3), 40919(a)(3) Chapters 7 & 8 Appendix E Transport 40913(a)(3) Appendix E Population Exposure Appendix E Contingency Measures 40915 Chapter 10 Public Education 40920(a)(1), 40918(6) Chapter 4San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-3 E.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA

Data from the ozone monitors described in Chapter 1 (Section 1.3.2) are used to determine progress towards the federal 8-hour ozone air quality standard (see Appendix A) as well as the State 1-hour ozone standard. Table E-3 provides trend data for the SJVAB with respect to the state 1-hour ozone standard. As shown in Table E-3, the number of days per year with 1-hour ozone levels above the state standard in the SJVAB has decreased slightly from 1990 through 2005. The most improvement occurred between 2003 and 2005.

TABLE E-3 SJVAB State 1-hour Ozone Standard Exceedances

Year Number of Hours Above State Standard Number of Days Above State

Standard
1990 711 131

1991 788 133

1992 735 127

1993 743 126

1994 814 118

1995 776 124

1996 886 120

1997 572 110

1998 752 90

1999 715 123

2000 680 114

2001 718 123

2002 804 127

2003 848 137

2004 558 106

2005 415 83



### E.3 OZONE AIR QUALITY INDICATORS

Hourly ozone data is also used in the calculations for air quality indicators in triennial updates, which are used to analyze the progress being made towards attainment of the state 1-hour ozone standard. ARB’s Guidance for Annual and Triennial Progress Reports Under the California Clean Air Act (August 1993) identified three air quality indicators for triennial updates:

! Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) , which represents the maximum ozone concentration expected to occur once per year, on average, for each monitoring siteSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-4 ! Population-weighted exposure (PWE) , which characterizes the potential average outdoor exposure per person to concentrations above the level of the state ozone standard in an air basin

! Area-weighted exposure (AWE) , which characterizes the potential average annual outdoor exposure per unit area

The PWE and AWE are exposure indicators intended to reflect the potential for chronic adverse health impacts district-wide. The exposure analysis is based on hourly ambient (outdoor) ozone data for all sites in the air basin.

The calculation methodology assumes that an “exposure” occurs when a person experiences a 1-hour ozone concentration outdoors that is higher than 0.09 ppm, the level of the State 1-hour ozone standard. The PWE and AWE consider both the level and duration of ozone concentrations above the State standard. They are calculated as annual exposures, the sum of all the hourly exposures during the year, with results presented as an annual average per exposed person or unit land area.

In addition to using all available hourly ozone data for the air basin, the exposure computations also incorporate census data collected by the federal government every ten years. For the years from 1985 to 1999, the population statistics are based on the 1990 census. For the years 2000 to 2005, population data from the 2000 census was used.

Each federally defined census tract has:

! The population residing within the census tract

! The land area of the census tract

! A centroid of the census tract

The population within each census tract is used in computing the annual PWE. The land area of the census tract is used in computing the annual AWE. The centroid of the census tract is used in computing both exposure indicators.

ARB staff has prepared EPDC, PWE, and AWE data for many of the monitoring sites in the District that have been in operation long enough to have the necessary data (six years). The following sections discuss the specific calculations used for each indicator and presents indicator trends through 2005.

E.3.1 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC)

The EPDC is calculated by monitor location using daily maximum 1-hour ozone observations for a three-year period (the summary year and two years immediately prior to the summary year). The EPDC is computed using a statistical procedure that fits an exponential-tail model to the upper tail of the distribution of concentrations. The fitted distribution is used to analytically determine the concentration that is expected to recur at a once-in-one year rate. This robust statistical calculation is relatively stable,San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-5 providing a trend indicator that is not highly influenced by year-to-year changes in meteorology.

Figures E-1 through E-8 show EPDC trends for select sites in the SJVAB. The nature of the trends varies with monitoring site, and each site’s trend reflects emissions and meteorological conditions throughout the SJVAB. Although historical EPDC trends for the SJVAB vary widely, all sites are showing lower EPDCs in 2005 as compared to 2003. Although several sites showed an increase in EPDC for 2002, of the three-year period of interest for this Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision (2003—2005), the year 2005 seemed to be when most sites experienced a decrease in EPDC values.

Figure E-1 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Arvin-Bear Site

0.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140 0.150 0.160 0.170 0.180

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year (End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm) Baseline
EPDCSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-6 Figure E-2 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Bakersfield Golden State Site.

0.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140 0.150 0.160 0.170 0.180

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Y

ear(End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm) EPDC

Baseline

Figure E-3 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Bakersfield California Ave. Site*

0.090 0.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140 0.150 0.160 0.170 0.180

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year (End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm) EPDC

Baseline

* Due to missing data between July 28, 2004 and August 24, 2004, the EPDC values for 2004 and

2005 are invalid and have thus been excluded here.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-7 Figure E-4 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Clovis N. Villa Ave. Site

0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140 0.150 0.160 0.170 0.180

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year (End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm) EPDC

Baseline

Figure E-5 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Fresno 1st Street Site

0.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140 0.150 0.160 0.170

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year (End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm) EPDC

BaselineSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-8 Figure E-6 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Hanford-Irwin Street Site

0.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140 0.150 0.160 0.170 0.180

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year (End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm) EPDC

Baseline

Figure E-7 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Maricopa-Stanislaus Street Site

0.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140 0.150 0.160 0.170 0.180

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year( End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm) EPDC

BaselineSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-9 Figure E-8 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Merced South Coffee Ave. Site

0.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.140 0.150 0.160 0.170 0.180

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year (End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm) EPDC

Baseline



### E.3.2 Population-weighted Exposure (PWE)

The annual PWE indicator characterizes the potential average outdoor exposure per person to concentrations above the level of the state ozone standard in an air basin. The PWE is affected by the population in the SJVAB, which has been increasing at a faster rate than the state of California overall. The PWE is calculated for each year from 1985 through 2005, for which data are available. To calculate the PWE:

! Subtract the value of the State ozone standard (0.09 ppm) from each interpolated hourly concentration

! If the value is negative (i.e., the hourly concentration was lower than the level of the State ozone standard), the result is set equal to zero

! Hourly exposures for each census tract are multiplied by the number of people residing in the census tract

! The values for all the census tracts in the air basin are then added together and divided by the total population of all of the census tracts for which interpolated exposure values are available

! The result represents an hourly population-weighted exposure for the air basin

! The hourly exposures are aggregated into a daily population-weighted exposure

! The daily exposures are then aggregated into an annual population-weighted exposureSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-10 The population-weighted exposure chart (Figure E-9) shows that exposure to ozone (adjusted to reflect population distribution and to give more "weight" to higher ozone values) declined approximately 100 hours per person per year within the District between 1986 and 1993. Between 1993 and 2002, the metric shows a year-to-year fluctuation near the value of 1.60 ppm-hrs per person. For the most recent reporting period (2003-2005), the metric shows a downward trend. The San Joaquin Valley’s population increased by 4.6% between 2003 and 2005.

Figure E-9 Population Weighted Exposure per Person

0.1 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.1

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Year (End Year of Three)Ozone (ppm-hours per person) Three Year Moving Average

Population-Weighted Exposure

Baseline



### E.3.3 Area-weighted Exposure (AWE)

The AWE, the potential average annual outdoor exposure per unit area, represents a composite of exposures at individual locations that have been weighted to emphasizeequally the potential exposure in all portions of the District. Like the populationweighted exposure, the area-weighted exposure indicator is computed as an annual value for each year. The AWE is calculated for each year from 1985 through 2005, for which data are available. To calculate the AWE:

! Hourly exposures for each census tract are multiplied by the square kilometer land area of the census tract

! These values are then added together and divided by the total land area of all of the census tracts for which interpolated exposure values are availableSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-11 ! The result represents an hourly area-weighted exposure for the air basin

! Hourly area-weighted exposures are aggregated into a daily area-weighted exposure

! Daily area-weighted exposures are then aggregated into an annual areaweighted exposure

The area-weighted exposure chart (Figure E-10) shows a general improvement in air quality since 1996. There is a downward trend for the most recent reporting period (2003-2005), thereby showing continued improvement.

Figure E-10 Area Weighted Exposure per Square Kilometer

0.1 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.1

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Year (End of Three)Ozone (ppm-hrs per square kilomenter) Three Year Moving Average

Area-Weighted Exposure

Baseline



### E.4 TRANSPORT MITIGATION

Atmospheric transport is the movement of pollutants (primary or secondary) by the air. In a regulatory context, transport describes how air pollutants move across jurisdictional boundaries. Under the CCAA, ARB, in cooperation with local air districts, is required to evaluate intrastate transport (transport between regions of the state) and suggest mitigation for such transport.

California’s air quality management community generally agrees that pollutant transport occurs among the various air districts and air basins in California. Depending on specific weather conditions, wind strength and direction can dramatically change theSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-12 influence of transport on the ambient air quality of a region. Windy days tend to allow for pollutants to be transported further, while stagnant days keep emissions closer to their source.

Most violations of ambient ozone air quality standards occur under stagnant weather conditions, when pollutant concentrations build up due to limited dispersion in the atmosphere. For ozone, these conditions occur on hot, summer days when low wind speeds limit horizontal dispersion and atmospheric temperature inversions limit vertical dispersion. Less dispersion usually corresponds to less transport.

Windy days allow prevailing winds to carry air pollutants and precursors from emission sources to downwind locations, mixing with cleaner air or other emissions along the way. Pollutant and precursor concentrations tend to be lower on windy days because emissions are dispersed through larger volumes of ambient air. However, emissions can be transported into a region on windy days and then contribute to air quality problems on subsequent days if stagnation conditions later occur.

ARB issued its most recent assessment of ozone transport in California in April 2001 and concluded that transport from the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin and the Broader Sacramento Area contributes to some exceedances of the state 1-hour ozone standard in the SJVAB. The degree of contribution ranges from overwhelming to inconsequential. ARB also found that the SJVAB contributes overwhelmingly to ozone exceedances in the Mojave Desert, Mountain Counties, and Great Basin Valley Air Basins, significantly to the North Central Coast, and significantly to inconsequentially to the Broader Sacramento Area and the South Central Coast.

ARB and the San Joaquin Valley Study Agency are analyzing Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) data to better understand transport and develop improved techniques for quantifying mitigation needs. Future triennial progress reports and plan revisions will include the results from this body of work. More information on CCOS is available on ARB’s website at <http://www.arb.ca.gov/airways/ccaqs.htm>.

E.5 DISTRICT CONTROL MEASURES

ARB requires upwind transport districts such as the San Joaquin Valley to apply best available retrofit control technology (BARCT) (see Table E-4). Also, to ensure that upwind districts minimize their impact on downwind districts, ARB requires upwind districts to adopt all feasible measures and ensure there are no net increase thresholds for new source review permitting programs. The San Joaquin Valley was already required to comply with these provisions due to other CH&SC requirements.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-13 The District’s strategy for attaining the federal 8-hour ozone standards will also result in progress towards the state 1-hour ozone standard. Control measures reducing ozone precursors are analyzed and presented in Chapter 6 and Appendices H and I of the 2007 Ozone Plan . The District’s rulemaking schedule is in Chapters 6 and 8. The Table E-4 BARCT Rules

VOC BARCT
Rule Rule Name 4401 Steam-Enhanced Crude Oil Production Well Vents 4402 Crude Oil Production Sumps 4403 Components Serving Light Crude Oil or Gases at Light Crude Oil and Gas Production Facilities & Components at Natural Gas Processing Facilities 4404 Heavy Oil Test Station - Kern County 4407 In-situ Combustion Well Vents 4451 Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, Flanges, Threaded Connections and Process Drains at Petroleum Refineries and Chemical Plants 4452 Pump/Compressor Seals at Petrol. Refineries and Chemical Plants 4453 Refinery Vacuum Producing Devices or Systems 4454 Refinery Process Unit Turnaround 4601 Architectural Coatings 4602 Motor Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Coating Operations 4603 Surface Coating of Metal Parts and Products 4604 Can and Coil Coating Operations 4605 Aerospace Assembly and Component Manufacturing Operations 4606 Wood Products Coating Operations 4607 Graphic Arts 4621 Gasoline Transfer into Stationary Storage Containers, Delivery Vessels, and Bulk Plants 4622 Gasoline Transfer into Vehicle Fuel Tanks 4624 Organic Liquid Loading 4625 Wastewater Separators 4641 Cutback, Slow Cure, and Emulsified Asphalt Paving and Maintenance Operations 4642 Solid Waste Disposal Sites 4651 Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Soil Decontamination 4652 Coatings and Ink Manufacturing 4653 Adhesives 4672 Petroleum Solvent Dry Cleaning Operations 4681 Rubber Tire Manufacturing 4682 Polystyrene Foam, Polyethylene, and Polypropylene Manufacturing 4684 Polyester Resin Operations 4691 Vegetable Oil Processing Operations

N O x B A R C T 4305 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 4352 Solid Fuel Fired Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters 4354 Glass Melting Furnaces 4701 Internal Combustion Engines 4703 Stationary Gas TurbinesSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-14 District’s overall control strategy, including land use programs and public outreach, is presented in Chapter 4. Voluntary incentive programs are discussed in Chapter 7.

Section 40924(b)(2) of the CH&SC, as well as ARB’s guidance for triennial progress reports and plan revisions, directs districts to report actual emissions reductions achieved for each measure scheduled for adoption in the three year period addressed by each progress report and plan revision. Table E-5 presents this information for the SJVAB for the 2003-2005 time frame that is the focus of this Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision.

Table E-5 Actual Emission Reductions for District Rules Affecting Ozone Precursor Emissions (2003-2005) 1, 2

Rule Date Title Pollutant Reductions (tpd) 4313 3/27/2003 Lime Kilns NOx 0.1 4610 4/17/2003 Glass Coating Operations VOC 0.2

4701 8/21/2003 Internal Combustion Engines - Phase 1 NOx 1.7
4604 1/15/2004 Can and Coil Coating Operations VOC 0.4 4103 9/16/2004 Open Burning NOx 1.1

4306 9/18/2003, 3/17/2005 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters-Phase 3 NOx 7.9

4403 4/20/2005 Components Serving Light Crude Oil or Gasses at Light Crude Oil and Gas Production Facilities and Components at Natural Gas Processing Facilities VOC 4.8

4409 4/20/2005 Components at Light Crude Oil Production Facilities, Natural Gas Production Facilities, and Natural Gas Processing Facilities VOC 4.7

4455 4/20/2005 Components at Petroleum Refineries, Gas Liquids Processing Facilities, and Chemical Plants VOC 0.2

4702 8/21/2003, 6/16/2005 Internal Combustion Engines - Phase 2 NOx 23.3

4308 10/20/2005 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters - (0.075 MMBtu/hr to 2.0 MMBtu/hr) NOx 1.5

4905 10/20/2005 Natural Gas Fired, Fan-type, Residential Central Furnaces NOx 0.4
4309 12/15/2005 Dryers, Dehydrators, and Ovens NOx 1.1

4694 12/15/2005 Wine Fermentation and Storage Tanks VOC 1.4

9510 12/15/2005 Indirect Source Review NOx 5.9

1 Rules reducing other pollutants (such as particulate matter) were also adopted over this time period

2 Reductions listed for informational purposes only. Since data is based on varying years and

inventories, this data should not be used in computations

.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-15 E.6 MOBILE SOURCE CONTROL MEASURES

Under the CCAA’s severe nonattainment classification for the state ozone standard, the District is required to include “reasonably available transportation control measures sufficient to substantially reduce the rate of increase in passenger vehicle trips and miles traveled per trip...” in its state air quality plans.

E.6.1 District Committed Measures

The District is continuing to work with the Transportation Planning Agencies (TPAs) in implementing previously-committed measures and in developing new measures for SIP submittals. District and TPA staffs are working on specific actions and programs to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or to reduce emissions through other activities. More information is available in Chapter 9 (Section 9.2) and Appendix C.

In addition, the District is working on a number of rules and programs directed at reducing emissions from mobile sources. See Chapters 6, 7 and 8 of the 2007 Ozone Plan for more information.

E.6.2 Voluntary Programs

The District continued to implement several successful voluntary mobile source emission reduction programs in the 2003-2005 time frame. During 2003, 2004 and 2005, the District received 3,317 calls or report slips regarding smoking vehicles, with about a 15 percent response rate from individuals receiving a "Smoking Vehicle" letter. This voluntary program reduces motor vehicle emissions by encouraging owners of smoking vehicles to have repairs made to correct problems of high emissions.

In 2004, the RE duce MO tor V ehicle E missions (REMOVE) Program was replaced with REMOVE II. These programs utilized a portion of a $4 motor vehicle registration surcharge fee allowed by State legislation for nonattainment areas for District-operated planning, monitoring, enforcement, technical studies, and emission reduction projects necessary to implement the California Clean Air Act (CCAA). The REMOVE Programs have funded projects that reduce motor vehicle emissions within the Valley through a competitive request for proposal (RFP) process. REMOVE II Program components include light-and medium-duty vehicles, e-mobility (telecommunications), bicycle infrastructure, public transportation and commuter vanpool subsidies, alternative fuel vehicle mechanic training, and gross polluting vehicle replacements.

The Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction Program provides financial incentives tomunicipalities, companies, fleet operators and individuals who purchase new heavyduty, low-emission on-road vehicles from original equipment manufacturers (OEM); new OEM heavy-duty, low-emission engines for replacements; or retrofit technologies for heavy-duty on-road and non-road vehicles meeting criteria guidelines. The District funds its Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction Program with Carl Moyer funds,San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-16 provided through state legislative action. Implementation has been successful, particularly with the agricultural community. The District has provided Moyer Program incentive funds for projects including agricultural pump engines, refuse haulers, street sweepers, tractors, grape harvesters, delivery trucks, and almond sweepers.

In 2005 alone, the District executed 265 agreements under the Heavy-Duty Program and 50 agreements under the REMOVE program for a total of $14.7 million. Over the course of these projects, these projects are expected to reduce 16,891 tons of NOx, 160 tons of PM and 21 tons of ROG.

Additionally, in 1996, the District began a Spare the Air Program. This voluntary program is designed to encourage ridesharing and discourage use of equipment and products that emit ozone precursors during the ozone season. The program is directed to both employers and the general public. In 1996, 75 employers were enrolled in the employer component. In 2005, about 700 Valley employers participated in Spare the Air.

E.6.3 Land Use Programs

The District reviews California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and development proposals received from cities, counties, and other agencies. Whenever development is planned or occurs, the District focuses on potential sources of emissions, including traffic generating sources. The District developed two documents as resources for agencies to use when evaluating potential air quality impacts. The Air Quality Guidelines for General Plans (AQGGP), which were revised in 2005, encourages cities and counties to include air quality elements or air quality goals and policies in general plans in order to reduce mobile and area source emissions and help attain state and federal air quality standards. The Guide for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts (GAMAQI) which is an advisory document that provides lead agencies, consultants, and project applicants with uniform procedures for addressing air quality in environmental documents.

In general, new development contributes to the air-pollution problem in the Valley by increasing the number of vehicles and vehicle miles traveled. The purpose of the District's Indirect Source Review (ISR) Program, which was adopted by the District Governing Board in December 2005, is to reduce emissions of NOx and PM10 from new development projects. New development projects are required to mitigate a portion of their emissions with onsite mitigation or by contributing to a mitigation fund that would be used to pay for the most cost-effective projects to reduce emissions. The District estimates that ISR will achieve 3.8 tpd of NOx reductions in 2008.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-17 E.7 PLAN REVISION

The California Clean Air Act requires the District to establish a strategy that will achieve an annual average five percent reduction in ozone precursor emissions, or alternatively, to commit to taking all feasible measures to reduce emissions within its boundaries in an expeditious time frame. The District’s adopted strategy is based on the latter alternative. During the 2003-2005 period, the District continued to implement its original control strategy of adopting rules to fulfill the District’s SIP commitments and then to address additional measures needed for attainment of the California ozone standard. The District met all of its federally required emission reduction rates (three percent per year) for 8-hr ozone precursors for the 2003-2005 period addressed by this report.

During the 2006-2008 planning cycle, the District is continuing its efforts to improve its emissions inventory with in-house efforts, joint efforts with ARB, and contracting with consultants for updating or developing inventories for specific sources. The District continues to participate with ARB and other districts on analyzing CCOS data and developing modeling tools to improve ozone standard attainment planning.

E.7.1 Control Strategy

The District’s control strategy to reduce ozone pollution is driven by emissions reductions needed to attain the federal 8-hour ozone and PM2.5 standards. The District’s rulemaking schedule for attaining the 8-hour ozone standard is presented in Chapters 6 & 8 of the 2007 Ozone Plan . Further study measures are also included in those chapters. The District’s PM2.5 Plan , which may include further NOx reductions, is due to EPA in April 2008.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-18 Table E-6 District Stationary Source Control Measure Cost Effectiveness Rankings

CM# Measure Name Product Completion Date Compliance Date Reduction Start Cost Effectiveness Ranking

S-GOV-1 Composting Biosolids Rule 2007 1Q 2008 2008 Medium

2007 2Q 2007 2007 S-AGR-1 Open Burn Rule 2010 2Q 2010 2010 Low

S-SOL-11 Solvents Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2010 Low S-COM-5 Gas Turbines Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2010 High

S-IND-24 Soil Decontamination Rule 2007 3Q 2008 NA High

S-IND-6 Polystyrene Foam Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2011 Low

S-PET-1&2 Gasoline Storage & Transfer Rule 2007 4Q 2009 2009 Medium

S-PET-3 Aviation Fuel Storage Rule 2007 4Q 2010 2010 Medium

S-COM-1 Large Boilers Rule 2008 3Q 2011 2011 High

S-COM-2 Medium Boilers Incentives/ Rule Backstop 2008 3Q 2020 2012 from incentives Medium

S-SOL-20 Graphic Arts Rule 2008 4Q 2011 2011 Low

S-COM-7 Glass Melting Rule 2009 1Q Upon rebuild or possibly on the fly 2015+ Medium

S-COM-9 Residential Water Heaters Rule 2009 1Q Attrition 2011 Medium

S-GOV-5 Composting Green Waste Rule 2009 1Q 2012 2012 High

S-IND-21 Flares Rule 2009 2Q NA NA Low

S-IND-14 Brandy & Wine Aging Rule 2009 3Q NA NA Low

S-SOL-1 Architectural Coatings Rule 2009 4Q 2012 2012 Low

S-AGR-2 CAFO Rule 2010 2Q 2011 2011 High S-SOL-6 Adhesives Rule 2010 3Q 2012 2012 Low Cost Effectiveness Key: High: Require capital investment to purchase & Install controls. May also be reflective the lack of surplus reductions available
Medium: Control measure requires capital investment, but measure has potential for significant emission reductions Low: Control measure is a management practice or low cost control optionSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-19 E.7.2 Expected Reductions

As ARB requested in the 2003 “Triennial Assessment and Plan Revisions” guidance, the District has included projections of the planning inventory out to the year 2020. Table E-6 presents the requested years of 2010, 2015, and 2020 byprimary source sector of stationary, area, and mobile sources to provide a longterm view of how emissions are expected to change in the future in the SJVAB.ARB projects total SJVAB emissions to decline over the long term (see Table E6). The significant downward trend in NOx emissions for on-road and off-road mobile sources reflects state and federal emissions controls on engines. Area and stationary sources do not show much change here because the District’s commitments for future controls have not been included (see Chapters 6 and 8 for reductions from new control measures). NOx from stationary sources has shown great improvement since 2000, when the stationary source inventory for NOx was 146.1 tpd.

Table E-7 Planning Emissions Inventories (summer, tons/day)*

Source Category 2010 VOC 2015 VOC 2020 VOC 2010 CO 2015 CO 2020 CO 2010 NOx 2015 NOx 2020 NOx
Stationary 82.3 84.7 87.3 45.9 46.8 48.4 108.6 110.2 110.8

Area 146.4 156.4 166.6 175.6 174.2 172.8 11.1 11.0 11.0

On-Road

Mobile 77.4 57.8 45.7 642.3 451.4 336.7 296.2 203.0 140.1

Other Mobile 67.6 60.9 58.4 421.6 423.7 438.3 140.1 111.9 90.0

Total 373.8 359.8 358.1 1285.3 1096.1 996.2 556.0 436.1 351.9 * O3SIP 1.06 (RF980); no local or state line item adjustments were made.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 2007 Ozone Plan 

### A ppendix E-20 This page intentionally blank.