### APPENDIX K. AIR MOVING EFFICIENCY TABLE OF CONTENTS K.l INTRODUCTION .................................................... K-1 K.2 METHODOLOGY ................................................... K-1 K.3 OVERALL AIR EFFICIENCY CURVES ................................. K-2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure K.3.1 Airflow and Watts/CFM vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing FurnaceSingle-Stage, PSC motor ......................................... 

### K-3 Figure K.3.2 BE vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing Furnace -

Single-Stage, PSC motor ......................................... K-4 Figure K.3.3 Air Horsepower (AHP) vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing Furnace -

Single-Stage, PSC motor ......................................... 

### K-4 Figure K.3.4 Overall Blower Motor Efficiency vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing

Furnace - Single-Stage, PSC motor ................................. 

### K-5 Figure K.3.5 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing Furnace -

Single-Stage Control, PSC Motor .................................. 

### K-5 Figure K.3.6 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace -

Single-Stage Control, PSC Motor .................................. 

### K-6 Figure K.3.7 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing Furnace -

Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, High Fire .................... K-6 Figure K.3.8 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing Furnace -

Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, Low Fire .................... K-7 Figure K.3.9 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace -

Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, High Fire .................... K-7 Figure K.3.10 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace -



### Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, Low Fire .................... K-8 

### APPENDIX K. AIR MOVING EFFICIENCY TABLE OF CONTENTS 

### K.l INTRODUCTION
.................................................... K-l K.2 METHODOLOGy
................................................... K-l K.3 OVERALL AIR EFFICIENCY CURVES
. . .................. . ............ K-2 LIST OF FIGURES 

### Figure K.3.1 Airflow and Watts/CFM vs. Pressure for 3- Ton Non-Condensing FurnaceSingle-Stage, PSC motor
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. K-3 Figure K.3.2 BE vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing FurnaceSingle-Stage, PSC motor
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. K-4 Figure K.3.3 Air Horsepower (AHP) vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing FurnaceSingle-Stage, PSC motor
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. K-4 Figure K.3.4 Overall Blower Motor Efficiency vs . Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing Furnace

- Single-Stage, PSC motor
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. K-5 Figure K.3.5 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing FurnaceSingle-Stage Control, PSC Motor
.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. K-5 Figure K.3.6 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing FurnaceSingle-Stage Control, PSC Motor
.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. K-6 Figure K.3.7 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing FurnaceTwo-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, High Fire
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. K-6 Figure K.3.8 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing FurnaceTwo-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, Low Fire
. ..... . .... ..... .. .. K-7 Figure K.3.9 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing FurnaceTwo-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, High Fire
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. K-7 Figure K.3.10 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing FurnaceTwo-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, Low Fire
.................... K-8

K-i

### APPENDIX K. AIR MOVING EFFICIENCY

K.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of calculating the overall air-moving efficiency for the basic furnace models used in the LCC analysis is to show typical efficiency levels for furnace air handlers.
K.2 METHODOLOGY The overall air-moving efficiency is a ratio of the air power divided by the electric power used by the blower motor:
AHP 77 overall = BE


### where: 77 overall AHP BE 

### Eq. I

overall air-moving efficiency, air horsepower (watts), and circulating air fan electrical energy consumption (watts). Air power is the power embodied in the air due to its motion and pressure increase. Air power at any operating condition can be calculated for any furnace from pressure, airflow, and supply air outlet area. Air power (air horsepower or AHP) is calculated as':
.7 AHP = (745

6356) x Q X P + z

4005 x AJ 

### where: AHP = Q = (745.7) 6356) 

### 4005 = P = 

### air power ( watts),

airflow (cfm), a conversion factor to express air horsepower in watts 

### Eq. 2

, a conversion factor to express the velocity pressure of standard air in w.9.,' external static pressure (in.w.g.), and

' The velocity pressure is the increase in pressure caused by the motion of air. K-1 

### APPENDIX K. AIR MOVING EFFICIENCY
K.l INTRODUCTION The purpose of calculating the overall air-moving efficiency for the basic furnace models used in the LCC analysis is to show typical efficiency levels for furnace air handlers.


### K.2 METHODOLOGY The overall air-moving efficiency is a ratio of the air power divided by the electric power used by the blower motor:

where: '7overaU 

### AHP 

## BE 

# 17 werail 

## = AHP 

## BE

= 

### overall air-moving efficiency, air horsepower (watts), and 

### Eq.l

= 

### circulating air fan electrical energy consumption (watts). Air power is the power embodied in the air due to its motion and pressure increase. Air power at any operating condition can be calculated for any furnace from pressure , airflow, and supply air outlet area. Air power (air horsepower or AHP) is calculated as·:

where: 

## AHP 

## Q 

# C 45

. 7 ) 6356 

## 4005 P = 

### air power (watts), airflow (cfm) , a conversion factor to express air horsepower in watts, 

### Eq.2

a conversion factor to express the velocity pressure of standard air in 1 

### w.g., external static pressure (in.w.g.), and

I The velocity pressure is the increase in pressure caused by the motion of air. K-I

### A = cross-sectional airflow area of the supply

- air outlet area ( sq.ft.) determined by equation 1 or 2 in Chapter 7, section 7.2.5.. The power consumption of the fan (BE) is calculated by multiplying the Watts/CFM by the CFM at the operating point:



## BE = Watts CFM"Q Eq. 3 where, BE = circulating air fan electrical energy consumption (watts), Watts/CFM = determined by equation 1 or equation 2 in Appendix J, and Q = airflow (cfm) determined in Chapter 7, section 7.5.2.


### K.3 OVERALL AIR EFFICIENCY CURVES In order to generate the overall air moving efficiency curves we followed the following procedure (a 3-ton non-condensing single-stage furnace is used as an example): STEP 1: Using the coefficients in Appendix I and J generate the Airflow (CFM) vs. pressure and

Watts/CFM vs. pressure curves. See Figure K.3.1 for the sample 3-ton non-condensing furnace (single-stage, PSC motor). STEP 2: Using Equation 3, DOE multiplied the airflow times the Watt/CFM at each pressure from

Step 1 to calculate BE in terms of pressure. See Figure K.3.2 for the sample 3-ton noncondensing furnace (single-stage, PSC motor).. STEP 3: Using Equation 2, DOE used the airflow (CFM) and pressure from Step 1 to calculate

the variables Q and P and used the equations in Chapter 7, section 7.2.5, to calculate the A, the supply-air outlet area . These values were used to calculate AHP in terms of pressure. See Figure K.3.3 for the sample 3-ton non-condensing furnace (single-stage, PSC motor), where A is equal to 2.04 sq. ft. (at 75 kBtu input capacity). 

### STEP 4: Using Equation 1, finally DOE substituted BE and AHP from Step 2 and Step 3,

respectively, to calculate the overall air moving efficiency in terms of pressure. See Figure K.3.4. Figures K.3.5 through K.3.10 show the overall air moving efficiency vs. pressure curves for single-stage non-condensing, single-stage condensing, two-stage non-condensing (high and low fire), and two-stage condensing (high and low fire). Not all 25 basic design options are shown on graphs, just 4 are shown: 2-ton at 50 kBtu, 3-ton at 75 kbtu, 4-ton at 100 kbtu, and 5-ton at 120 kbtu.
K-2 

### A cross-sectional airflow area of the supply-air outlet area (sq. 

### ft.) determined by equation 1 or 2 in Chapter 7, section 7.2.5
.. The power consumption ofthe fan (BE) is calculated by multiplying the Watts/CFM by the CFM at the operating point:

where, BE Watts/CFM Q 

# BE Watts CFM x 

# Q Eq.3

circulating air fan electrical energy consumption (watts), determined by equation 1 or equation 2 in Appendix J, and airflow (cfm) determined in Chapter 7, section 7.5.2.


### K.3 OVERALL AIR EFFICIENCY CURVES In order to generate the overall air moving efficiency curves we followed the following procedure (a 3-ton non-condensing single-stage furnace is used as an example): STEP 1: Using the coefficients in Appendix I and J generate the Airflow (CFM) vs. pressure and Watts/CFM vs. pressure curves. See Figure K.3.1 for the sample 3-tonnon-condensing furnace (single-stage, PSC motor). STEP 2: Using Equation 3, DOE multiplied the airflow times the WattlCFM 

### at each pressure from Step 1 to calculate BE in terms of pressure. See Figure K.3.2 for the sample 3-ton noncondensing furnace (single-stage, PSC motor)
.. STEP 3: Using Equation 2, DOE used the airflow (CFM) and pressure from Step 1 to calculate the variables 

## Q andP and used the equations in Chapter 7, section 7.2.5, to calculate the A, the supply-air outlet area. These values were used to calculate AHP in terms of pressure. See Figure K.3.3 for the sample 3-ton non-condensing furnace (single-stage, PSC motor), where A is equal to 2.04 sq. ft. (at 75 kBtu input capacity). STEP 4: Using Equation 1, finally DOE substituted BE and AHP from Step 2 and Step 3, respectively, to calculate the overall air moving efficiency in terms of pressure. See Figure K.3.4. Figures K.3.5 through K.3.1 0 show the overall air moving efficiency vs. pressure curves for single-stage non-condensing, single-stage condensing, two-stage non-condensing (high and low fire), and two-stage condensing (high and low fire). Not all 25 basic design options are shown on graphs, just 4 are shown: 2-ton at 50 kBtu, 3-ton at 75 kbtu, 4-ton at 100 kbtu, and 5-ton at 120 kbtu.
K-21400

1200

1000

U 800 9 0 t 600

400

200

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Static Pressure ( in. w.g.) 0 0 l - ,A Iflow F W y M 1.4

1.2

C) 0.6 3

0.4

0.2

0
Figure K.3.1 Airflow and Watts / CFM vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing

Furnace - Single-Stage, PSC motor 1400 1.4

## -,-~,**to-.** __

## ~ _ _ -

## ~=-**--:--** _ __ _ _ __ 

## ---1j:: -.' Airf10W 

## -l 1.2

••

>

## -'**~** .... ---..

## ""**Watts CFM** **I ·~** **"""74. _**  _ .

.......**~** ...

- ---- - - --- . - --- - -

__ _ _ _ ----

_ _ . c"""

. !

....

### --.~**----- +**  1

- - -- 1200
1000

## ,**~ ~**  

# - LL. 800

- - - .------- -- --**-- ---,,** **--- ---** **:.. '-** **~** 0.8**~ ~** **., ~** **~**

### ~ 

### 0 'E 600 ---·--- --- - -- - -- - --- - . - - --- ----- -j- 0.6**~** 

### :.;: 

### -**~** 400**ft :::::==** **~·=~** 

## ... ...**O==='1. ==** **.= ~.** **F== ~t** **F-- ~=::::!** **~- +**  0.4
200 +-- --- -- -- - - - - - -- - -- --- ----- -+ 0
. 2


## o - - - - - -,- , - - - - -,--, - -- ----,- - --- --.- ---- -+ 0 

## o 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.1 Airflow and Watts/CFM vs. Pressure for 3- Ton Non-Condensing Furnace - Single-Stage, PSC motor

K-3600

400

300 w 200

100

0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.2 BE vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing Furnace -

Single-Stage , PSC motor

100 90 80 - - : , - 70 .;.
60 50 Q 40 30 .r 20 r

10 .,- - r

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Static Pressure ( in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.3 Air Horsepower (AHP) vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing

Furnace - Single

- Stage, PSC motor
K-4 W III 200 --_._ - - - ------ - ----- - - -- -- - - - - -- - -
100 +- -- - - --- ---- -- ------ -- --- - ------ --

0+----------,---- -. ---- --- -- ,- -----,---------.



## o 0
. 2 0.4 0
. 6 0.8 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.2 BE vs. Pressure for 3-Ton Non-Condensing FurnaceSingle-Stage, PSC motor

100 90 80 70**~** 60 

## £!

## ~ 50 a.. J: 40 c( 30 20 10 0+----------,---- -,-- ---- -- -,------,---------,



## o 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.3 Air Horsepower (AHP) vs. Pressure for 3- Ton Non-Condensing Furnace - Single-Stage, PSC motor
K-445%
40% 35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10% 5% -I

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Static Pressure ( in. w.g.) Figure K.3.4 Overall Blower Motor Efficiency vs. Pressure for 3-Ton

Non-Condensing Furnace - Single-Stage, PSC motor

Static Pressure ( in. w.g.) Figure K.3.5 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing

Furnace - Single-Stage Control, PSC Motor

K-5 45% 40% +- ------------------ -- -- -- ---- -- -- -------- -- ---- -- -- ---- 35%

-- -- - -- - - -- -- ---- -- -.--- --- ---- . . - - -- --- ----- - - - ---- - 30%

- - --- - - - - -- - -- - -- -- - ---- ---- - . -- -- -- ---- -- -- ---- -**~** ;: 25%

### +-**-- --** **---------- --** **-- --** **-- --------** **---------- ---** **,. ~**  .. - ..

### .O%**,.~.- ""<~.->"**  . ... 

## g -' 

## :§ 20%

## ~"''''-.<''~>**'''' .'~** **---** - - - - - -- - 

# in "",,,,- ;j( " 15% \--

---- ----- ---- - -- -- -**--------:-;?' ~**  .. -- ---- ---- -- -- ---- -- -

..**~"V' "'""'(;** **tt 10%** **+- -------------** **~: "~** **--- ----** **-- --** **------ --** **-- --** **---- --** **-----**

# 5%**+- --** **~-~¢ ···** **-- ----** **-- --** **-- --** **-- --** **-- --** **--- --** **---- ----** **---- ----**  •**.,.~1'~** . .....

..**;. ..:;~** **O% --** **-- ----** **--,_ ----** **-- --** **~-- --** **-- ----** **,_ --** **------ ~--** **-- ---** **___,** 

## o 02 0.4 0.6 0.8 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.4 Overall Blower Motor Efficiency vs. Pressure for 3- Ton Non-Condensin Furnace - Sin le-Sta e, PSC motor 45% 40% +-

__ __**~Ton ~--** **---- --** **-- --** **-- --------** **---- --** **-- --** **------**
..... 4

- Ton**"" 3-Ton**  35%**t-- -----L** **2~~~on~ ----** **---- --** **-- --** **-- --** **---- ------** **-- --** **---- --**  30%**+--- ------** **-- ------** **-- --** **-- --------** **---- --** **---- -----** **------ -=** **~** 

# - rfe. ;: 25%**+- --** **------ --** **---- ----** **--- ----** **-- --** **---- --** **~** u s::: Q) 

## :§ 20% 

### +-- -- ------ -- -- -- -- -- -- - 

# in 15% + --------------- - 10%**+- --** **-- ----** **-- --** **-- ----** **-- ----** **-- --** **-- ----** **-- --** **-- --** **---- --**  5%**---- ~~--** **---- --** **-- --** **---- --** **---- ----** **-- --** **-- --** **-- --** **O% ----** **~-- --** **-- ----** **-- --** **---- --** **-- ,-** **-- --** **--~ --** **-- --** **---** 

## o 0.1 0
. 2 0.3 0.4 0
. 5 0
. 6 0
. 7 0.8 0
. 9 Static Pressure (In. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.5 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing Furnace - Single-Stage Control, PSC Motor

K-545% 40% 35% 30%

15% 10%

5% -+-5-Ton

-41-4-Ton •3-Ton 2-Ton

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.6 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace

- Single-Stage Control, PSC Motor

0% + 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Static Pressure ( in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.7 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing

Furnace - Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, High Fire

K-6**~** 45% 40%
.. --- ...... 5-Ton

___ 4-Ton

- *- 3

- Ton 35%

--- - .**·· L~** **:..!.T£!on u-** **--.----** . . ... - -- --. 30% --_._-----

;: 25% IJ I: III 

### 'u 20% +----- if w 15%**10% +-----** **-- ~~--** **-- ------** **---------- 5%** **+---~~~------- ----** **-- --------** **-- ---------** 


## o 0
. 1 0
. 2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0
. 7 0
. 8 0.9 Static Pressure (In. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.6 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace

- Sin le-Sta e Control, PSC Motor



# - ?Ie 45% 40% +------1 -+- S

- Ton 1--

- - -- -- --------- - -- - - '"*- 4

- Ton**'~ ""** **-Ton 35%** **t--- -.** **2~~~on u_** **-- --** **------** 30% +------- - -- --- ;: 25% +- - -- ---------. IJ I: III 

## :§ 20% 

## ffi 15%**10% +---** **-- -------** **-- -------** **-- 5%** **+-- ~~** **-- --** **O% +--** **-,- --.---.--~-** **~- -~--.--** **-.---.--~** 

## o 0
. 1 0
. 2 0
. 3 0.4 0
. 5 0
. 6 0
. 7 0
. 8 0
. 9 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.7 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing Furnace

- Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, High Fire

K-645% 40% -I
35% -

15%
10%
5% 5-Ton

::7-4 -Ton a • 3-Ton 2-Ton j

0% i i I 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Static Pressure ( in. w.g.) Figure K.3.8 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing

Furnace - Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, Low Fire 45% -1 40% -I -0--5-Ton

35% -4-Ton 3-Ton 2-Ton
30%
25% d 20% -I
15%
10% d
5%
0% I 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Static Pressure ( in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.9 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace

- Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, High Fire

K-7 45% 40% 35% 30%**~** 

### " -- 5-Ton "';;:"' 4-Ton . _ --------- 

# -

;: 25% (.) c: GI 

### ·u 20% it: w 15% 10% 5% 0% I 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.8 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Non-Condensing Furnace - Two-Sta e Virtual Control, ECM Motor, Low Fire

.-. <f!. 45% 40% 1----1

__ 5-Ton 1------------------------

...... 4-Ton

· · ... 3-Ton 35%**l----L ~2-~T~on~---------------------** **_= 4**  30%**+-------------------- ~**  . ;: 25% (.) c: GI 

### ·u 20% 

## ffi 15% 10% 5%



## o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 

### Figure K.3.9 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace

- Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, High Fire

K-70.2 0.1 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Static Pressure (in. w.g.) 0.8 0.9 1 Figure K.3.10 Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace - Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, Low Fire 45% 40% 35% 30% _____ . .. ....... S · Ton

....... 4·Ton**~- 3·Ton** 

- - •... -------- .. - .- - . . -------.- . . . . .

5%**+- --** **-- ----** **---- --** **-- --** **---------------- O%** **T- --** **,---.- --,-** **--r- --** **.---.---.---.-- -.-** **-~** 

## o 0
. 1 

### Figure K.3.10 0
. 2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0
. 7 0
. 8 0
. 9 Static Pressure (in. w . g.) 

### Blower Efficiency vs. Pressure Curves for Condensing Furnace - Two-Stage Virtual Control, ECM Motor, Low Fire

K-8

### REFERENCES

1. Lindeburg , M. R., Fans and Ductwork, Chapter 20 . In Mechanical Engineering Reference Manual for the PE Exam , Michael R
. Lindeburg PE, Editor. Tenth ed. 1997. Professional Publications , Inc.: Belmont , CA. p. 20-23 

### REFERENCES



### 1. Lindeburg, M. R., Fans and Ductwork, Chapter 20. 

### In Mechanical Engineering Reference Manualfor the PE Exam, 

### Michael R. Lindeburg PE, Editor. Tenth ed. 1997. Professional Publications, Inc.: Belmont, CA. p. 20-23

K-9