TOYS FOR OLDER SCHOOL AGE-—9, 10, LL AND 12 YEARS (Cont'd)

ALL TOYS

ACTIVE PLAY

MANIPULATIVE PLAY

Fine motor abilities begin to approach that
of an adult—may enjoy dextenty games,
complex constructions, or puzzles

Interested in more complex table games and
enjoys strategy and competition—can now
stuck to the rules and tose gracefully

Sports Equipment

baseball, basketball and soccer equipment
(regular size)

football (regular size)

flying disks (regular size)

roller and ice skates

ski equipment

hockey equipment

sleds with steering mechanisms and hand
brakes

toboggans

croquet sets

ping pong sets

horseshoe sets

badminton equipment

tennis equipment

golf equipment

swimming and underwater equipment

Manipulative Toys
may enjoy producing or manipulating
© math models
¢ mechanical models
© science models (of body, stars, planets,
etc )
© simple physics models

Dressing, Lacing, Stringing Toys
stringing beads of any size or material
many skills such as sewing now becoming
crafts
may enjoy
* simple to complex handiooms
© jewelry making kits
knitting kits
needlepoint kits
leather sewing kits
leather and plastic braiding kits

Sand and Water Play Toys

can operate small real boats with adult
supervision (sailboats, rafts, canoes)

elaborate model boats, including gas
powered boats (with supervision)

remote control boats



Under Age 3

© Unbreakable —will withstand use and abuse.

* No small parts or pieces which could become
lodged 1n the throat

* Infant rattles large enough not to become lodged in
child’s throat and constructed so as not to separate
into small pieces.

* No balls with diameters 1 75 inches or less

For Ages 3 through 6

* All toys and games with small parts must be labeled
to warn of the choking hazard to young children.

For 3 years and older

* The following toys must be labeled to warn of the
choking hazard to young children
* All balls and toys and games with balls with a
diameter 1.75 inches or less, and
* All marbles and toys and games with marbles

Under Age 8

© No electrically operated toys with heating
elements

© No sharp points on toys

* No sharp edges on toys

CPSC also can remove from the marketplace toys
presenting hazards not covered by the regulations

What the Industry Does:
Voluntary Standard for Toy Safety

° Puts age and safety labels on toys

© Puts warning labels on crib gyms advising that

they be removed from the crib when babies can
get up on hands and knees (to prevent strangling)

© Makes squeeze toys and teethers large enough so

as not to become lodged in an infant’s throat

© Assures that the lid of a toy chest will stay open

In any position to which it 1s raised and not fall
unexpectedly on a child

© Limit string length on crib and playpen toys to reduce

the risk of strangulation.

What a Parent Can Do:

Reduce Choking Risk

¢ Look for and read age and safety labels Any toy
that 1s age labeled for children three years and
older should be kept away from children under
the age of three — such toys may have small
parts and could cause choking !f placed in the
mouth.

© Keep uninflated balloons ana broken balloon
pieces away from children.


TOYS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE—6, 7, AND 8 YEARS

MAKE-BELIEVE PLAY

CREATIVE PLAY
farts, crafts, music)

LEARNING PLAY

Dolls

likes lots of accessories, clothes and special
equipment

big baby dolls or dolls of own age, fashion
dolls and teenage dolls, collector dolls,
hair cutting dolls, paper dolls, fantasy
character dolls/action figures, doll house
dolls

Stuffed Toys

small collectible toys

large, floppy stuffed toys (some interest in
oversized animals)

very realistic toys

Teplicas of famous animals

unusual, unique stuffed toys

Puppets

puppet theater with curtains and scenery

soft hand puppets, rod puppets, puppets
with arms, jointed puppets

Role-Play Materials

wall and hand mirrors

fealistic accessories for role play that really
work

adult role dress-ups and elaborate make-up

Musical Instruments

thythm instruments

Jearning to play real instrument and read
music

may be interested in formal music lessons
(piano, autoharp, ukulele, recorder, vio-
lin, horn) age 7 or 8

may be interested in formal dance lessons
(girls especially) (ballet, modern dance,
tap dancing, folk dancing, acrobatics) at
about age 8

Art and Craft Materials

crayons, paint, markers, pencils

pastels and art chalks

variety of papers and more complex color-
ing books

sketch pads

all art papers

construction paper and cardboards

all glues except dangerous ones

regular scissors

clay—oil-based and self-hardening

plaster of parts

stencils

papier mache

Games

simple strategy and rule games such as
dominoes, marbles, race games, card
games, strategy games, checkers, Chinese
checkers, word games, bingo, arithmetic
games (simple adding or subtracting
games), rummy, simple spelling games,
simple quiz games, simple guessing or
deduction games, games based on familiar
characters, games with fantasy or adven-
ture themes

Specific Skill Development Toys
conceptual models~-human body, physical
world, stars, space, moon ‘
science kits chemistry set, science models,

weather kit
calculator (simple arithmetic functions)
clocks and watches
balance and other scales
protractor
microscope
telescope/field binoculars
toy or simple real typewriter

-



ABILITIES AND INTERESTS

Primary School Age 6, 7 and 8 Years

PHYSICAL

large muscle abilities and interests include
jumprope, hopscotch, stunts and climbing
(trees, trapeze), ice skating, roller skating,
riding bicycle, water sports, ball play (but
most not ready for competitive team sports)
small muscle abilities and interests include.
printing, drawing with pencils, simple sew-
ing (can sew straight line), simple carpentry
(can saw straight line), weaving, braiding,
string small beads, cutting out paper dolls,
Jigsaw puzzles

will practice in target games or to improve a
skill

MENTAL

interest in reading, spelling and printing
activities and games

interest in simple arithmetic activities and
games, and in time, calendars, weights,
value of coins

interest mm nature and in simple science
activities and experiments

interest in collecting things and in hobbies
interest in the line between fantasy and
reality—hikes magic and ‘‘tricks’’

interest in producing finished products (art,
models, crafts, sewing, carpentry)
beginning interest in other times and other
places

SOCIAL

great interest in the peer group and in
“‘belonging’’—enjoys special friends, cliques,
gangs, secret languages and passwords
prefers to play with same sex peers

preat increase in ability to play cooperatively
with others—enjoys group activities

interest in ‘‘fair play’’ and living up to
standards (own and group's standards of
excellence)

continues interest in dramatic play (puppets,
dolls, paper dolls, dress-ups, war games,
cowboys and Indians, cops and robbers,
space games)—by age 8 increased interest in
producing shows and plays

beginning interest in the wider community


© Rounded and oval objects (e g , balls, marbles,
etc ) that fit easily into a child’s mouth may be
difficult to remove from a throat and could cause
choking.

Reduce Strangulation Risk

* Crib toys with strings, cords, ribbons, etc (used
to hang toys across a crib or to the side of a crib)
present a strangulation risk when babies are just
Starting to push up on hands and knees, usually
about 5 months of age REMOVE ALL CRIB
TOYS WHICH ARE STRUNG ACROSS
CRIB OR PLAYPEN AREA WHEN BABIES
BEGIN TO PUSH UP ON HANDS AND
KNEES OR ARE 5 MONTHS OF AGE,
WHICHEVER OCCURS FIRST.

General Toy Safety

* Keep toys intended for older children away from
younger children — such toys may injure young
children.

* Check all toys periodically for breakage and poten-
tral hazards — damaged or dangerous toys should
be repaired or thrown away immediately.

* Store toys safely — teach children to put toys away
so they are not tripping hazards; check toy boxes
and shelves for safety.

For further information write to the:

U.S Consumer Product Safety Commission
Washington, D C 20207

Or call the toll-free hotline:

To report a toy related complaint, call the toll-
free hotline:

1-800-638-CPSC

Where To Find Toys Suitable for Your Child:

* If your child 1s age 6,7, or 8 years, go to page 6

° If your child 1s age 9, 10, 11, or 12 years, go to
page I!


TOYS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE—6, 7, AND 8 YEARS (Cont’d)

ALL TOYS

ACTIVE PLAY

MANIPULATIVE PLAY

© kits (science, craft, models) and can
follow simple directions

adult roles and likes realistic costumes
and props for character play

© rudiments of sports and skill
development

Children show increasing variation in inter-
est and abilities

Reading interests vary but child beginning
to be able to use dictionary

Beginning of interest m giving ‘shows’

Great interest in ‘‘fairness’’ but hates to
lose and will cheat to win in games

Toys should have no sharp points or edges

No electrical parts without adult supervision

Sports Equipment

regular baseball bat and ball

basketball (junior size for ages 6, 7)

soccer

regular flying disks

adult-sized football

roller and ice skates

ski equipment

hockey equipment

badminton equipment

ping pong (age 8)

horseshoes

croquet

sleds, including ones with steering mecha-
nisms and handbrakes

toboggans

simple swimming and underwater equipment

* cloth
© block printing
kits to produce design products

Manipulative Toys

complex lock boxes

balance scales (5-7 years)

small number rods and blocks

math models—illustrating concepts like frac-
tions and arithmetic

mechanical models—levers, pulleys, pendu-
lums, etc

Dressing, Lacing, and Stringing Toys

stringing beads of any size, including pot-
tery, glass, or other fragile beads

simple sewing, weaving, braiding

making simple clothes for dol!

jewelry kits, spool knitting, sewing kits,
handloom, braiding materials

Sand and Water Play Toys
working models of boats

elaborate sailboats

realistic working boats
battery-operated boats
remote-control boats

sandbox tools and molds of all sizes



A Consumer’s
Guide for
Selecting
Suitable Toys

AGES
SIX

THROUGH
TWELVE

U.S, Consumer Product
Safety Commission
Washington, DC 20207

Pub. No. 286


ABILITIES AND INTERESTS—
Older School Age 9, 10, (land 12 Years

PHYSICAL

® sports important to both sexes—this age
range is ready for athletic and team sports
riding (bicycle and horseback), skating,
swimming, sailing, tenms, fishing, and a
variety of ball games including baseball and
soccer

© enjoys dexterity games pick-up sticks,
marbles, jacks, darts, ring toss, tiddlywinks

* can make complex constructions and models,
and do jigsaw puzzles of 100 to 1000 pieces

® mterested in a variety of arts and crafts—
small muscle ability is essentially that of an
adult by age 10

© may be interested in formal music, dance
and art or craft lessons

MENTAL

© able to play and carry out activities on own

* emergence of independent critical thinking—
evaluates ideas and people—may be inter-
ested in biographies and history

® increased individual differences in abilities
and interests

© may be interested in science—increasing abil-
ity to arrange, classify and gencralize

* may enjoy hobbies, collections, or
scrapbooks

© interest in stories or plays, and acting in
them

* interest in gadgets and inventions (including
computers)

SOCIAL

© can work cooperatively with others and 1s
interested in clubs and in group activities and
productions

® can play complex card and table games with
rules—begins to be able to lose gracefully

© enjoys competitive games and sports

© interest in drama and dramatic games (cha-
rades, gestures)

© growing interest in the larger community and
the world


TOYS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE—6, 7, AND 8 YEARS (Cont’d)

MAKE-BELIEVE PLAY

CREATIVE PLAY
(arts, crafts, music)

LEARNING PLAY

magic and disguise kits

props for dramatic play (store, school,
library, office, war games, robots, space,
etc )

cooking and sewing equipment that really
works

Play Scenes

doll houses (number of rooms, stories, spe-
cial furniture and dolls)—~interested in
minute detail

models with more grown-up themes (space,
military toy soldiers)

Transportation Toys

lnttle vehicles (3-4 inches) particularly
preferred—collectible vehicles

large-scale realistic trucks, planes, etc with
working parts

elaborate wood or metal train sets

electric trains (8-9 years)

simple remote control vehicles

electric racing cars

Projectile Toys

action figures (5-7 inches) with proyectile
weapons

guns that shoot ping-pong balls or soft darts

helicopter-type projectiles

water pressure rockets (8+ years)

looms (heddle and looper)

knitting spool

Jeatherwork kits

Jewelry-making kits

bead/braiding kits

sewing kits with needles

mosaic tile kits

jewelry/copper/enameling kits

more complete woodworking tools (with
adult supervision)

beginning photography—real camera

mode! airplane, other kits

Audio-Visual Equipment

record or tape player to run by self (not too
fragile)

radio

blank tapes to make own recordings

more complex stories and books on records
or tape

folk songs

introduction to orchestra records

fast dancing (such as folk dancing) records

more complex printing sets
more complex video and computer games
(checkers and chess programs—age 7 and
older—and some target games)
electronic/computer teaching games
© arithmetic
© drawing/graphics
© story writing
* word processing
* simple programming concepts
© music writing

Books
developing individual reading preferences
common interests

childhood classics

myths, legends

biographies

poetry

fairy tales

dictionaries (age appropriate)

books about children, animals, nature,

space, planes, electricity, magic



ALL TOYS

ACTIVE PLAY

MANIPULATIVE PLAY

Child primarily interested in goal rather
than means or process

Experimentation becomes increasingly
“‘scientific’’

Child less dependent on concrete obyect for
concept

Child can
© sort and classify using more than one
Criterion
© increasingly make use of reading, writ-
ing and simple arithmetic in games and
toys
¢ do simple sewing, weaving, braiding,
ceramics, jewelry kits—has greatly in-
creased fine motor control
use simple mechanical toys (cars,
trains)

.

Child 1s interested in

© ume and seasons and in toys marking

time

* collections of things
line between fantasy and reality (likes
tricks and magic and disguise kits)
producing products in arts, crafts,
woodworking etc

Push and Pull Toys
not suited to age group

Ride-On Toys

two-wheeled bike (sized to child—child
should be able to straddle male bike with
both feet on ground)

push scooters

battery-powered ride-ons

Outdoor and Gym Equipment

complex gym sets with rings, bars, swings,
topes, rope ladders, slides

complex climbing structures

Jump ropes

Construction Toys

large sets of blocks or bricks

(80-100 pieces)

construction sets (wood, plastic, metal)—
complex, can mampulate tmy nuts and
screws

sets with motorized parts

complex gear systems

can copy or butld models following
instructions—prefer sets that produce
realistic models

Puzzles

Jigsaws (50-100 pieces)
three-dimensional puzzles
map puzzles

more complex tangrams

Pattern Making Toys

design/pattern toys

various types of materials to produce
products
* wood

plastic

paper

cardboard

beads

ceramic tiles



projectile toys are described in the TOY LISTS,
although the potential safety hazards of these toys
lead many in the field to recommend against them

ALL TOYS (a general category orienting the con-
sumer to special features of toys that are relevant
to the particular age group)

ACTIVE PLAY
Push and Pull Toys
Ride-On Toys
Outdoor and Gym Equipment
Sports Equipment

MANIPULATIVE PLAY
Construction Toys
Puzzles
Pattern-Making Toys
Manipulative Toys
Dressing, Lacing and Stringing Toys
Sand and Water Play Toys

MAKE-BELIEVE PLAY
Dolls
Stuffed Toys
Puppets
Role Play Materials
Play Scenes
Transportation Toys
Projectile Toys

CREATIVE PLAY (Arts, Crafts and Music)
Musical Instruments
Art and Craft Materials
Audio-Visual Equipment

LEARNING PLAY
Games
Specific Skill Development Toys
Books

TOY SAFETY. A major area of consideration
for all toys 1s the durability and safety of the toys
Toys should be constructed to withstand the uses
and abuses of children in the age range for which
the toy 1s appropriate.

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commis-
sion (CPSC) has set safety regulations for certain
toys Manufacturers must design and manufacture
their products to meet these regulations so that
hazardous products are not sold In addition, many
toy manufacturers also adhere to the toy industry’s
voluntary safety standards

What the Government Does:
Mandatory Toy Safety Regulations

For All Ages

No shock or thermal hazards in electrical toys
Amount of lead tn toy paint severely limited

No toxic materials in or on toys

Art materials used by children under 12 should be
non-hazardous and indicate they conform with
ASTM D-4236

* Latex balloons and toys and games with latex bal-
loons must be labeled warning of the choking and
suffocation hazards associated with pieces of and
uninflated balloons


TOYS FOR OLDER SCHOOL AGE—9, 10, 11 AND 12 YEARS

MAKE-BELIEVE PLAY

CREATIVE PLAY
(arts, crafts, music)

LEARNING PLAY

Dolls

dolls are increasingly decorative pieces or
hobbies

preference for lots of accessories

iterest in careers (dolls with roles)

may enjoy fashion dolls/teenage dolls,
costume dolls, collector dolls, dollhouse
or miniature dolls, haircutting dolls, dolls
tepresenting familar characters, fan-
tasy/action characters

Stuffed Toys

small collectible toys

large, floppy stuffed toys (some interest in
oversized animals)

very realistic toys

replicas of famous animals

(may have particular tove of horses, dogs,
cats, bears, etc )

unusual, unique stuffed toys

Puppets

can manipulate puppet theater, curtains and
scenery

interested in scripted puppet plays

may enjoy hand puppets, puppets on rods,
stringed marionettes

Role-Play Materials
mirrors (used in adult way)

Musical Instruments

may be interested in real instruments
(piano, autoharp, ukulele, children's
sousaphone, recorder, violin, horn, etc )
and formal lessons

may be interested in formal dance lessons
(ballet, modern dance, tap dancing, folk
dance, acrobatics)

may be interested in songbooks and group
singing

Art and Craft Materials

age 10-13—formal art lessons following
interest

crayons, paints, markers, pencils, art
chalks, casein paints

variety of papers, sketch pads, art papers
and cardboards

very complex coloring/design books

stencils

papier mache

all glues except dangerous ones

regular scissors

clay (oil-based, self-hardening, pottery clay)

plaster of paris

Games

now likes games requiring speed, dexterity,
strategy, competition, extended concen-
tration

labyrinth games, chess, cardgames, more
complex math games, complex detection
games, word games/spelling games, quiz
games, dominoes, checkers, Chinese
checkers, bingo, marbles, parcheesi,
theme and strategy games

Specific Skill Development Toys

conceptual models (human body, physical
world, stars, space, moon)

science kits (chemistry sets, science models,
weather kits)

microscope

telescope

field binoculars

-protractor

clocks, watches, stopwatches

calculators

standard typewriter (can learn to type)

more complex video games including target
games



For further information, write

US. Consumer Product Safety
Commission
Washington, D.C. 20207

To report a product hazard or a product-related injury,
wnite to the US Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Washington, D C 20207, or call the toll-free hotline:
1-800-638-2772 A teletypewriter for the hearing and
speaking impaired 1s available on. 1-800-638-8270

This document 1s in the public domain. Therefore, tt may be
reproduced, in part or in whole, without permission by an
individual or organization However, 1f st 1s reproduced, the
Commussion would appreciate knowing how 11 1s used

Wnite the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Office
of Information and Public Affairs, Washington, D C_ 20207

009409


lay is a natural activity for every young child

Play provides many opportumties for children
to learn and grow—physically, mentally and
socially If play is the child’s work then toys are
the child’s tools, and appropriate toys can help
children do their work well

This booklet offers suggestions for selecting
suitable toys for children 6 to 12 years of age. It
was prepared by the U S Consumer Product Safety
Commission, the government agency that 1s
charged with protecting the public against
unreasonable risks of injury associated with
consumer products

parent or friend choosing a toy for a child
must consider several things A good toy
should be

© appealing and interesting to the child,
© suited to the child’s physical capabilities,

© suited to the child’s mental and social
development,

© well constructed, durable and safe for that child’s
age

This booklet provides some guidelines to help in
selecting toys that meet these criteria The sugges-
tions in this booklet are based on three sources
(1) review of reference works on child develop-
ment, (2) observations of children at play, and

(3) product analysis of toys to determine which
characteristics are most critical in defining the
appropriate ages of the intended users of toys

his booklet 1s organized in the following way.

Brief general outlines of childrens’ ABELI-
TIES AND INTERESTS are followed by catego-
rized TOY LISTS for each of five age groups

The two age groups are
Primary school children (ages, 6, 7 and 8)
Older school children (ages 9, 10, 11, & $2)

ABILITIES AND INTERESTS sections list
physical, mental and soctal abilities and interests
for each age that are particularly relevant to select-
ing appropriate toys Note that these lists indicate
average development—the age range at which the
“average’’ child can be expected to achieve a par-
ticular skill or develop a specific interest. The ages
in the text are only approximate Children develop
skills at uneven rates—any one child may be
‘‘above average’’ in one skill and ‘‘below average”’
in another skill For an individual child, the parent
1s the best judge of the child’s abilities and interests
at any point in his or her development, and should
select toys suitable for that child’s profile of
capabilities

TOY LIST sections give toy suggestions in six
major categories with subcategories under each to
help in finding a particular toy type. The major
categories and subcategories are listed on the fol-
lowing page Note that these sections do not consti-
tute a comprehensive list of all toy products that
might be suitable for a particular age They do sug-
gest general toy types suitable for that age group
This booklet does not judge the play value or bene-
fits of specific toys For example, suitable types of



Developed under Contract CPSC-C-85-1089 by Dr, Barbara Goodson, Developmental, “4
Psychologist, Abt Associatés, Inc , Cambridge, Massachussetts, and Dr Martha Brongon, } ”

Pers

heme a Woce oe ccatt


TOYS FOR OLDER SCHOOL AGE—9, 10, 11 AND 12 YEARS

ALL TOYS

ACTIVE PLAY

MANIPULATIVE PLAY

Great increase in individual differences in
abilities and interests—may be interested
in
© reading (and in specific kinds of books)

science (with some specific interest like

chemistry or astronomy)

computers (some like to make their

own programs)

* hobbies

* crafts (skill approaches adult level by

age 12)

building models

collections (some become serious col-

lectors and many enjoy small col-

lecttons)

© formal training in arts (music, drama,
drawing) or specific crafts (pottery,
weaving, carpentry, sewing, etc )

© producing shows or plays (live actors,
animals, puppets, etc )

* both sexes now enjoy athletics and/or
competitive sports, but specific interests
vary—child may be interested in formal
training in some athletic skill

Pushing and Pulling Toys
not suited to age group

Ride-On Toys

two-wheeled bicycle (can usually manage
adult size by 11 or 12 and can manage a
bicycle with geared speeds)

battery-powered ride-ons, (many can manage
gearshifts)

(12-year-olds not yet ready to handle motor-

ized mde-ons that require consistent judg-
ment about speed, safety, etc }

Outdoor and Gym Equipment

complex gym sets with rings, bars, swings,
ropes, rope ladders, slides (many children
getting too big for average size of home
sets)

complex climbing structures

Jumpropes

some like weightlifting

Construction Toys

large sets of blocks or bricks (at least
80-100 pieces)

construction sets (wood/plastic/metal)—can
put together complex parts, manipulate
tiny nuts and screws, and follow
directions

sets with motorized parts

complex gear systems

can copy or build models following
instrucuions—prefer sets that produce
tealisuc models

Puzzles
Jigsaw puzzles
* age 8-10, 100-500 pieces
© age 10+, 500-2000 pieces
three-dimensional puzzles
complex tangrams

Pattern-Making Toys

great increase in design skills in this age
Tange

design or pattern work in virtually any
medium (wood, plastic, paper, cardboard,
cloth, tiles, beads, etc )

kits to produce design products

design interest merges into arts and crafts
Interests



TOYS FOR OLDER SCHOOL AGE—9, 10, 11 AND 12 YEARS (Cont'd)

MAKE-BELIEVE PLAY

CREATIVE PLAY
(arts, crafts, music)

LEARNING PLAY

dolls and role play leads to sewing (for
dolls), real cooking, dramatic games
(characters, etc ) and real dramatics (mak-
ing up or giving plays)

dolls, doll houses, toy soldiers, scale model
toys may become hobbies

child may like
real cooking and sewing equipment
make-up and disguise kits, props, adult
clothes and costumes for plays and
dramatics

Play Scenes

elaborate doll houses (may become hobby)

may be interested in collections or hobbies
with toy soldiers, forts, robots, etc

Transportation Toys

temote control vehicles

electne trains

electric racing cars

gas-powered toy cars (11-12 years) (with
adult superviston)

Projectile Toys

water pressure rockets

guns that shoot smaller projectiles

cork guns (11+ years) ‘

BB guns (with adult supervision—11 +
years)

combustion rockets (12 years) (with adult
supervision, 11+ years)

age 10-13 formal craft lessons following
interest

can learn and use (lessons and kits) real
sewing, kmtting, embrordery, acedlepoint,
crocheting

working (simple) sewing machines

weaving (heddle or looper loom)

clay modeling/pottery/ceramics

jewelry making (beads, enamels, shells)

printing

leather work and leather braiding

photography as art (real equipment)

woodburning

more complex woodworking

basket making

kite making

puppet making

{and other crafts and skills)

Audio-Visual Equipment
record or tape player to run by self (if not
too complex or fragile)
blank tapes to make own recordings
story and book records/tapes
individual preferences in music—
some like
popular music
classical music
folk music
musical comedy music

computers with.

game-generating computer programs

word processing programs

typing programs (age 10 and up)

drawing/graphics programs

special-subject programs spelling,
vocabulary, grammar, chemucal ele-
ments, economics, history, geography,
ecology, political science, programs to
teach programming

Books

great individual differences in amount and
type of reading preferred

some like childhood classics, myths and
legends; biographies, poetry, mysteries,
westerns, adventure; fantasy, science fic-
tuon; science, information books, antholo-
gies; books about animals (especially
horses), books about sports; dictionaries
(age appropriate)

some prefer specific types of books or
books by a specific author