Milk
Production
 
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service
 
 
USDA
Washington, D.C.
 
 
Released February 16, 1999, by the National Agricultural Statistics
Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of
Agriculture. For information on "Milk Production" call James Hand at
202-690-3236, office hours 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET.
 
 
 
 
             January Milk Production Up 3.7 Percent
 
Milk production in the 20 major States during January totaled 11.7
billion pounds, up 3.7 percent from production in these same States in
January 1998. December revised production, at 11.5 billion pounds was up
3.7 percent from December 1997.
 
 
Production per cow in the 20 major States averaged 1,523 pounds for
January, 57 pounds above January 1998.
 
 
The number of cows on farms in the 20 major States was 7.71 million
head, 19,000 head less than January 1998 but 1,000 head more than
December 1998.
 
 
Da 1-1  (2-99)
 
 
Milk Cows and Production:  By Quarter, United States, 1998-99 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          :   Milk Cows 2/    :  Milk Per Cow 3/  :     Milk Production 3/
          :---------------------------------------------------------------------
  Quarter :         :         :         :         :         :         : Change
          :  1998   :  1999   :  1998   :  1999   :  1998   :  1999   :  From
          :         :         :         :         :         :         :  1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          :   1,000 Head        --- Pounds --        Million Pounds     Percent
          :
Jan-Mar   :  9,176               4,268               39,164
Apr-Jun   :  9,171               4,451               40,821
Jul-Sep   :  9,149               4,210               38,519
Oct-Dec   :  9,137               4,261               38,937
          :
Annual    :  9,158              17,192              157,441
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  May not add due to rounding.
2/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
3/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
 
 
 
 
        Milk Cows and Production:  By Month, 20 Selected States, 1998-99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          :   Milk Cows 1/    :  Milk Per Cow 2/  :     Milk Production 2/
          :---------------------------------------------------------------------
   Month  :         :         :         :         :         :         : Change
          :  1998   :  1999   :  1998   :  1999   :  1998   :  1999   :  From
          :         :         :         :         :         :         :  1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          :     1,000 Head      ---- Pounds ----     Million Pounds     Percent
          :
Jan       :  7,728     7,709     1,466     1,523     11,327   11,742      3.7
Feb       :  7,716               1,347               10,394
Mar       :  7,709               1,515               11,678
Apr       :  7,713               1,501               11,579
May       :  7,719               1,556               12,011
Jun       :  7,718               1,477               11,396
Jul       :  7,709               1,468               11,314
Aug       :  7,708               1,443               11,124
Sep       :  7,701               1,386               10,672
Oct       :  7,695               1,446               11,125
Nov       :  7,697               1,407               10,829
Dec       :  7,708               1,489               11,481
          :
Annual    :  7,710              17,501              134,930
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
 
 
 
 
               Estimated Milk Production:  United States, 1998-99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            :             By Month             :           Cumulative
            :-------------------------------------------------------------------
    Month   :         :           :   Change   :         :         :   Change
            :  1998   :   1999    :    From    :  1998   :  1999   :    From
            :         :           :    1998    :         :         :    1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            :   Million Pounds       Percent      Million Pounds      Percent
            :
Jan         : 13,282     13,769        3.7        13,282   13,769       3.7
Feb         : 12,188                              25,470
Mar         : 13,694                              39,164
Apr         : 13,510                              52,674
May         : 14,015                              66,689
Jun         : 13,296                              79,985
Jul         : 13,162                              93,147
Aug         : 12,942                             106,089
Sep         : 12,415                             118,504
Oct         : 12,956                             131,460
Nov         : 12,611                             144,071
Dec         : 13,370                             157,441
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
              Milk Cows and Production:  By State, January 1998-99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          :   Milk Cows 1/    :  Milk Per Cow 2/  :     Milk Production 2/
          :---------------------------------------------------------------------
   Month  :         :         :         :         :         :         : Change
          :  1998   :  1999   :  1998   :  1999   :  1998   :  1999   :  From
          :         :         :         :         :         :         :  1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          :     1,000 Head       ---- Pounds ---     Million Pounds     Percent
          :
AZ        :    130       132     1,800     1,910       234       252      7.7
CA        :  1,402     1,442     1,670     1,690     2,341     2,437      4.1
FL        :    160       158     1,375     1,380       220       218     -0.9
ID        :    283       302     1,640     1,640       464       495      6.7
IL        :    130       125     1,400     1,430       182       179     -1.6
IN        :    135       137     1,370     1,380       185       189      2.2
IA        :    225       230     1,440     1,515       324       348      7.4
KY        :    145       135     1,035     1,075       150       145     -3.3
MI        :    298       301     1,480     1,545       441       465      5.4
MN        :    555       545     1,420     1,510       788       823      4.4
MO        :    175       165     1,155     1,240       202       205      1.5
NM        :    216       218     1,510     1,725       326       376     15.3
NY        :    700       702     1,380     1,440       966     1,011      4.7
OH        :    265       260     1,430     1,440       379       374     -1.3
PA        :    625       617     1,495     1,475       934       910     -2.6
TX        :    368       340     1,340     1,470       493       500      1.4
VT        :    163       162     1,385     1,445       226       234      3.5
VA        :    125       122     1,295     1,285       162       157     -3.1
WA        :    250       248     1,745     1,860       436       461      5.7
WI        :  1,378     1,368     1,360     1,435     1,874     1,963      4.7
          :
20-State  :
 Total    :  7,728     7,709     1,466     1,523    11,327    11,742      3.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
 
 
 
 
            Milk Cows and Production:  By State, December 1997-98 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          :   Milk Cows 2/    :  Milk per Cow 3/  :     Milk Production 3/
          :---------------------------------------------------------------------
   State  :         :         :         :         :         :         : Change
          :  1997   :  1998   :  1997   :  1998   :  1997   :  1998   :  From
          :         :         :         :         :         :         :  1997
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          :     1,000 Head       ---- Pounds ---     Million Pounds     Percent
          :
AZ        :    130       132     1,710     1,795       222       237      6.8
CA        :  1,400     1,439     1,645     1,650     2,303     2,374      3.1
FL        :    160       157     1,315     1,320       210       207     -1.4
ID        :    280       301     1,620     1,660       454       500     10.1
IL        :    130       125     1,380     1,420       179       178     -0.6
IN        :    135       137     1,375     1,390       186       190      2.2
IA        :    225       230     1,395     1,505       314       346     10.2
KY        :    145       136       985     1,030       143       140     -2.1
MI        :    301       299     1,473     1,525       443       456      2.9
MN        :    560       545     1,365     1,475       764       804      5.2
MO        :    175       165     1,080     1,200       189       198      4.8
NM        :    212       218     1,595     1,715       338       374     10.7
NY        :    700       702     1,360     1,400       952       983      3.3
OH        :    266       261     1,375     1,400       366       365     -0.3
PA        :    625       619     1,430     1,435       894       888     -0.7
TX        :    370       340     1,280     1,400       474       476      0.4
VT        :    162       162     1,360     1,420       220       230      4.5
VA        :    125       122     1,290     1,270       161       155     -3.7
WA        :    250       248     1,720     1,805       430       448      4.2
WI        :  1,382     1,370     1,325     1,410     1,831     1,932      5.5
          :
20-State  :
 Total    :  7,733     7,708     1,432     1,489    11,073    11,481      3.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  1998 revised.
2/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
3/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
 
 
 
 
              Milk Cows and Production:  United States, 1989-98 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             :                   :  Production per Cow  :    Milk Production
             :                   :          3/          :          3/
     Year    :   Milk Cows 2/    :----------------------------------------------
             :                   :         Milk         :         Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             :    1,000 Head              Pounds             Million Pounds
             :
1989         :      10,046                14,323                 143,893
1990         :       9,993                14,782                 147,721
1991         :       9,826                15,031                 147,697
1992         :       9,688                15,570                 150,847
1993         :       9,581                15,722                 150,636
1994         :       9,494                16,179                 153,602
1995         :       9,466                16,405                 155,292
1996         :       9,372                16,433                 154,006
1997         :       9,252                16,871                 156,091
1998         :       9,158                17,192                 157,441
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  May not add due to rounding.
2/  Average number during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh.
3/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
 
 
 
 
         Milk Cows and Production:  By State and United States, 1997-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       :   Milk Cows 1/    :  Milk Per Cow 2/  : Milk Production 2/  :  Change
 State :-------------------------------------------------------------:   From
       :  1997   :  1998   :  1997   :  1998   :   1997   :   1998   :   1997
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       :     1,000 Head      ---- Pounds ----      Million Pounds      Percent
       :
AL     :     31        28    13,484    13,786        418        386      -7.7
AK     :    0.9       0.9    16,667    15,922      15.00      14.33      -4.5
AZ     :    127       131    20,976    20,458      2,664      2,680       0.6
AR     :     53        49    11,981    13,041        635        639       0.6
CA     :  1,391     1,420    19,829    19,442     27,582     27,607       0.1
CO     :     84        83    19,988    20,349      1,679      1,689       0.6
CT     :     30        30    16,967    17,633        509        529       3.9
DE     :   10.0      11.0    14,800    14,827      148.0      163.1      10.2
FL     :    160       160    15,475    14,588      2,476      2,334      -5.7
GA     :     97        93    15,340    15,452      1,488      1,437      -3.4
HI     :    9.1       8.9    13,516    14,494        123        129       4.9
ID     :    272       292    19,092    19,743      5,193      5,765      11.0
IL     :    133       128    16,564    16,570      2,203      2,121      -3.7
IN     :    137       136    15,978    16,154      2,189      2,197       0.4
IA     :    230       223    16,057    17,188      3,693      3,833       3.8
KS     :     81        82    15,864    15,915      1,285      1,305       1.6
KY     :    148       140    12,264    12,214      1,815      1,710      -5.8
LA     :     66        63    12,030    11,921        794        751      -5.4
ME     :     41        41    16,146    16,585        662        680       2.7
MD     :     86        86    15,419    15,581      1,326      1,340       1.1
MA     :     26        26    16,692    16,846        434        438       0.9
MI     :    306       300    17,680    17,970      5,410      5,391      -0.4
MN     :    569       551    16,186    16,833      9,210      9,275       0.7
MS     :     47        42    13,489    13,786        634        579      -8.7
MO     :    177       170    13,345    13,924      2,362      2,367       0.2
MT     :     19        18    15,526    16,167        295        291      -1.4
NE     :     69        70    15,072    15,000      1,040      1,050       1.0
NV     :     26        25    18,346    18,640        477        466      -2.3
NH     :     20        20    16,400    16,700        328        334       1.8
NJ     :     21        19    14,238    15,368        299        292      -2.3
NM     :    202       217    19,856    20,065      4,011      4,354       8.6
NY     :    699       701    16,495    16,748     11,530     11,740       1.8
NC     :     79        75    16,506    16,800      1,304      1,260      -3.4
ND     :     56        51    12,732    13,843        713        706      -1.0
OH     :    270       264    16,352    16,629      4,415      4,390      -0.6
OK     :     92        92    13,576    13,435      1,249      1,236      -1.0
OR     :     90        89    17,889    17,787      1,610      1,583      -1.7
PA     :    629       623    16,951    17,411     10,662     10,847       1.7
RI     :    2.0       2.1    15,950    15,714       31.9       33.0       3.4
SC     :     26        25    15,269    14,960        397        374      -5.8
SD     :    105       102    13,181    14,069      1,384      1,435       3.7
TN     :    113       105    14,239    14,295      1,609      1,501      -6.7
TX     :    378       352    15,259    15,923      5,768      5,605      -2.8
UT     :     91        90    16,923    16,811      1,540      1,513      -1.8
VT     :    160       161    16,250    16,801      2,600      2,705       4.0
VA     :    125       124    14,864    14,847      1,858      1,841      -0.9
WA     :    253       248    20,968    21,476      5,305      5,326       0.4
WV     :     18        18    14,778    15,444        266        278       4.5
WI     :  1,393     1,369    16,057    16,685     22,368     22,842       2.1
WY     :    6.6       6.1    12,697    13,082       83.8       79.8      -4.8
       :
US 3/  :  9,252     9,158    16,871    17,192    156,091    157,441       0.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Average number during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
3/  May not add due to rounding.
 
 
 
 
         Milk Cows:  Number by Month, State, and 20 State Total, 1997 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     State    :   Jan    :   Feb    :   Mar    :   Apr    :   May    :   Jun
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              :                           1,000 Head
              :
AZ            :    122        123        125        127        128        128
CA            :  1,382      1,384      1,385      1,387      1,389      1,390
FL            :    159        160        162        162        162        161
ID            :    268        267        264        265        268        269
IL            :    135        134        134        133        133        133
IN            :    140        139        139        138        138        137
IA            :    235        234        233        232        231        230
KY            :    150        150        149        148        148        148
MI            :    311        310        306        306        308        310
MN            :    580        575        575        575        570        570
MO            :    180        179        179        179        178        177
NM            :    197        197        199        199        200        200
NY            :    700        700        700        698        698        698
OH            :    275        274        274        273        272        271
PA            :    632        632        631        631        630        629
TX            :    390        387        385        382        380        378
VT            :    159        159        158        159        160        161
VA            :    125        124        124        125        125        124
WA            :    255        255        254        254        255        254
WI            :  1,408      1,404      1,400      1,395      1,393      1,392
              :
20-Sts        :  7,803      7,787      7,776      7,768      7,766      7,760
 
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :         :         :        :        :        :        : Annual
              :   Jul   :   Aug   :  Sep   :  Oct   :  Nov   :  Dec   : Avg. 2/
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :
AZ            :    128       128      129      130      130      130       127
CA            :  1,391     1,392    1,394    1,395    1,397    1,400     1,391
FL            :    161       160      159      159      159      160       160
ID            :    273       276      278      278      280      280       272
IL            :    133       132      131      131      131      130       133
IN            :    137       137      136      136      135      135       137
IA            :    229       228      227      226      226      225       230
KY            :    148       147      147      147      146      145       148
MI            :    309       308      304      303      301      301       306
MN            :    570       570      565      560      560      560       569
MO            :    177       177      176      176      176      175       177
NM            :    201       203      205      207      209      212       202
NY            :    698       698      697      699      699      700       699
OH            :    270       269      268      267      266      266       270
PA            :    628       627      627      626      625      625       629
TX            :    376       374      373      371      371      370       378
VT            :    160       161      162      161      162      162       160
VA            :    124       124      125      125      125      125       125
WA            :    253       252      252      251      251      250       253
WI            :  1,392     1,390    1,390    1,388    1,385    1,382     1,393
              :
2O-Sts        :  7,758     7,753    7,745    7,736    7,734    7,733     7,760
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Average based on monthly totals.
 
 
 
 
         Milk Cows:  Number by Month, State, and 20 State Total, 1998 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     State    :   Jan    :   Feb    :   Mar    :   Apr    :   May    :   Jun
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              :                           1,000 Head
              :
AZ            :    130        130        130        130        130        131
CA            :  1,402      1,405      1,408      1,410      1,414      1,417
FL            :    160        160        162        162        162        160
ID            :    283        283        283        288        293        293
IL            :    130        129        129        129        128        128
IN            :    135        134        134        136        137        137
IA            :    225        224        224        223        223        222
KY            :    145        143        141        141        141        141
MI            :    298        296        297        298        299        303
MN            :    555        555        555        555        555        555
MO            :    175        175        174        173        172        171
NM            :    216        216        216        216        217        217
NY            :    700        698        697        700        701        701
OH            :    265        265        265        265        265        264
PA            :    625        625        624        624        623        623
TX            :    368        365        362        359        356        353
VT            :    163        162        161        162        162        162
VA            :    125        125        125        125        125        125
WA            :    250        250        249        249        248        247
WI            :  1,378      1,376      1,373      1,368      1,368      1,368
              :
20-Sts        :  7,728      7,716      7,709      7,713      7,719      7,718
 
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :         :         :        :        :        :        : Annual
              :   Jul   :   Aug   :  Sep   :  Oct   :  Nov   :  Dec   : Avg. 2/
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :
AZ            :    132       132      132      132      132      132       131
CA            :  1,421     1,426    1,429    1,432    1,436    1,439     1,420
FL            :    159       159      158      158      158      157       160
ID            :    294       296      296      298      299      301       292
IL            :    127       127      127      126      126      125       128
IN            :    136       135      136      137      138      137       136
IA            :    222       222      222      221      221      230       223
KY            :    141       140      134      137      136      136       140
MI            :    305       304      301      300      298      299       300
MN            :    550       550      550      545      545      545       551
MO            :    170       169      168      167      166      165       170
NM            :    217       218      219      219      218      218       217
NY            :    700       701      702      702      702      702       701
OH            :    264       263      263      262      262      261       264
PA            :    623       623      623      621      620      619       623
TX            :    350       347      344      342      341      340       352
VT            :    161       160      161      160      161      162       161
VA            :    124       123      123      123      123      122       124
WA            :    247       247      247      247      247      248       248
WI            :  1,366     1,366    1,366    1,366    1,368    1,370     1,369
              :
20-Sts        :  7,709     7,708    7,701    7,695    7,697    7,708     7,710
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Average based on monthly totals.
 
 
 
 
                        Milk Produced per Cow:  By Month,
                          State, and 20 States, 1997 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     State    :   Jan    :   Feb    :   Mar    :   Apr    :   May    :   Jun
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              :                             Pounds
              :
AZ            :  1,965      1,855      2,095      1,985      1,920      1,760
CA            :  1,575      1,465      1,705      1,700      1,740      1,665
FL            :  1,520      1,445      1,530      1,455      1,430      1,265
ID            :  1,500      1,360      1,550      1,560      1,670      1,660
IL            :  1,390      1,270      1,490      1,480      1,480      1,390
IN            :  1,320      1,195      1,330      1,325      1,400      1,360
IA            :  1,340      1,195      1,375      1,335      1,385      1,350
KY            :  1,055        965      1,100      1,120      1,155      1,020
MI            :  1,480      1,370      1,520      1,485      1,540      1,490
MN            :  1,375      1,280      1,420      1,370      1,450      1,415
MO            :  1,144      1,022      1,190      1,235      1,275      1,147
NM            :  1,675      1,555      1,735      1,705      1,760      1,695
NY            :  1,370      1,260      1,420      1,400      1,465      1,435
OH            :  1,375      1,295      1,420      1,390      1,460      1,385
PA            :  1,400      1,315      1,470      1,450      1,495      1,430
TX            :  1,390      1,305      1,460      1,415      1,400      1,245
VT            :  1,350      1,250      1,400      1,360      1,405      1,390
VA            :  1,270      1,175      1,317      1,280      1,315      1,220
WA            :  1,720      1,590      1,800      1,780      1,845      1,795
WI            :  1,315      1,210      1,355      1,330      1,420      1,410
              :
20-Sts        :  1,426      1,321      1,492      1,469      1,524      1,466
 
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :         :         :        :        :        :        : Annual
              :   Jul   :   Aug   :  Sep   :  Oct   :  Nov   :  Dec   :  Avg.
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :
AZ            :  1,655     1,460    1,395    1,555    1,600    1,710    20,976
CA            :  1,715     1,700    1,620    1,685    1,620    1,645    19,829
FL            :  1,160     1,040    1,005    1,105    1,160    1,315    15,475
ID            :  1,710     1,690    1,590    1,610    1,550    1,620    19,092
IL            :  1,380     1,380    1,320    1,340    1,310    1,380    16,564
IN            :  1,355     1,330    1,315    1,345    1,295    1,375    15,978
IA            :  1,365     1,355    1,320    1,345    1,315    1,395    16,057
KY            :  1,000     1,010      960      975      940      985    12,264
MI            :  1,490     1,500    1,430    1,465    1,415    1,473    17,680
MN            :  1,385     1,315    1,250    1,295    1,255    1,365    16,186
MO            :  1,096     1,051    1,006    1,045    1,017    1,080    13,345
NM            :  1,710     1,650    1,555    1,625    1,570    1,595    19,856
NY            :  1,425     1,400    1,330    1,345    1,290    1,360    16,495
OH            :  1,375     1,350    1,290    1,325    1,285    1,375    16,352
PA            :  1,420     1,410    1,360    1,410    1,370    1,430    16,951
TX            :  1,165     1,120    1,095    1,180    1,180    1,280    15,259
VT            :  1,400     1,390    1,310    1,320    1,280    1,360    16,250
VA            :  1,200     1,215    1,190    1,230    1,210    1,290    14,864
WA            :  1,850     1,790    1,710    1,730    1,640    1,720    20,968
WI            :  1,415     1,400    1,305    1,320    1,250    1,325    16,057
              :
20-Sts        :  1,466     1,439    1,370    1,412    1,363    1,432    17,180
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
 
 
 
 
                        Milk Produced per Cow:  By Month,
                          State, and 20 States, 1998 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     State    :   Jan    :   Feb    :   Mar    :   Apr    :   May    :   Jun
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              :                             Pounds
              :
AZ            :  1,800      1,660      1,885      1,885      1,945      1,780
CA            :  1,670      1,480      1,665      1,640      1,720      1,635
FL            :  1,375      1,300      1,415      1,375      1,350      1,170
ID            :  1,640      1,490      1,660      1,620      1,680      1,660
IL            :  1,400      1,310      1,510      1,490      1,510      1,360
IN            :  1,370      1,260      1,430      1,410      1,420      1,340
IA            :  1,440      1,320      1,472      1,465      1,520      1,433
KY            :  1,035        965      1,105      1,135      1,115      1,000
MI            :  1,480      1,370      1,530      1,495      1,560      1,515
MN            :  1,420      1,320      1,465      1,435      1,490      1,425
MO            :  1,155      1,090      1,240      1,305      1,285      1,135
NM            :  1,510      1,480      1,705      1,720      1,795      1,755
NY            :  1,380      1,280      1,440      1,420      1,490      1,430
OH            :  1,430      1,310      1,460      1,470      1,485      1,420
PA            :  1,495      1,365      1,535      1,530      1,550      1,435
TX            :  1,340      1,290      1,475      1,490      1,480      1,320
VT            :  1,385      1,285      1,430      1,405      1,480      1,420
VA            :  1,295      1,175      1,345      1,320      1,310      1,185
WA            :  1,745      1,605      1,805      1,790      1,885      1,835
WI            :  1,360      1,255      1,410      1,395      1,480      1,435
              :
20-Sts        :  1,466      1,347      1,515      1,501      1,556      1,477
 
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :         :         :        :        :        :        : Annual
              :   Jul   :   Aug   :  Sep   :  Oct   :  Nov   :  Dec   :  Avg.
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :
AZ            :  1,530     1,410    1,440    1,650    1,675    1,795    20,458
CA            :  1,625     1,590    1,530    1,650    1,590    1,650    19,442
FL            :  1,140     1,040      990    1,030    1,115    1,320    14,588
ID            :  1,700     1,720    1,630    1,660    1,600    1,660    19,743
IL            :  1,320     1,320    1,280    1,340    1,350    1,420    16,570
IN            :  1,350     1,320    1,260    1,300    1,300    1,390    16,154
IA            :  1,425     1,403    1,350    1,420    1,410    1,505    17,188
KY            :    980       985      955      970      965    1,030    12,214
MI            :  1,540     1,535    1,460    1,505    1,460    1,525    17,970
MN            :  1,400     1,360    1,305    1,375    1,355    1,475    16,833
MO            :  1,105     1,055    1,060    1,125    1,125    1,200    13,924
NM            :  1,730     1,710    1,625    1,680    1,610    1,715    20,065
NY            :  1,450     1,420    1,350    1,380    1,320    1,400    16,748
OH            :  1,350     1,350    1,310    1,350    1,310    1,400    16,629
PA            :  1,460     1,435    1,380    1,415    1,380    1,435    17,411
TX            :  1,215     1,195    1,145    1,260    1,285    1,400    15,923
VT            :  1,430     1,420    1,365    1,380    1,335    1,420    16,801
VA            :  1,185     1,210    1,155    1,205    1,185    1,270    14,847
WA            :  1,845     1,840    1,775    1,815    1,740    1,805    21,476
WI            :  1,445     1,425    1,360    1,380    1,325    1,410    16,685
              :
20-Sts        :  1,468     1,443    1,386    1,446    1,407    1,489    17,501
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
 
 
 
 
                    Milk Production:  Total by Month, State,
                             and 20 States, 1997 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     State    :   Jan    :   Feb    :   Mar    :   Apr    :   May    :   Jun
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              :                         Million Pounds
              :
AZ            :     240        228        262        252        246        225
CA            :   2,177      2,028      2,361      2,358      2,417      2,314
FL            :     242        231        248        236        232        204
ID            :     402        363        409        413        448        447
IL            :     188        170        200        197        197        185
IN            :     185        166        185        183        193        186
IA            :     315        280        320        310        320        311
KY            :     158        145        164        166        171        151
MI            :     460        425        465        454        474        462
MN            :     798        736        817        788        827        807
MO            :     206        183        213        221        227        203
NM            :     330        306        345        339        352        339
NY            :     959        882        994        977      1,023      1,002
OH            :     378        355        389        379        397        375
PA            :     885        831        928        915        942        899
TX            :     542        505        562        541        532        471
VT            :     215        199        221        216        225        224
VA            :     159        146        163        160        164        151
WA            :     439        405        457        452        470        456
WI            :   1,852      1,699      1,897      1,855      1,978      1,963
              :
20-Sts        :  11,130     10,283     11,600     11,412     11,835     11,375
 
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :         :         :         :        :        :        : Annual
              :   Jul   :   Aug   :   Sep   :  Oct   :  Nov   :  Dec   :Total 2/
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :
AZ            :    212       187       180       202      208      222    2,664
CA            :  2,386     2,366     2,258     2,351    2,263    2,303   27,582
FL            :    187       166       160       176      184      210    2,476
ID            :    467       466       442       448      434      454    5,193
IL            :    184       182       173       176      172      179    2,203
IN            :    186       182       179       183      175      186    2,189
IA            :    313       309       300       304      297      314    3,693
KY            :    148       148       141       143      137      143    1,815
MI            :    460       462       435       444      426      443    5,410
MN            :    789       750       706       725      703      764    9,210
MO            :    194       186       177       184      179      189    2,362
NM            :    344       335       319       336      328      338    4,011
NY            :    995       977       927       940      902      952   11,530
OH            :    371       363       346       354      342      366    4,415
PA            :    892       884       853       883      856      894   10,662
TX            :    438       419       408       438      438      474    5,768
VT            :    224       224       212       213      207      220    2,600
VA            :    149       151       149       154      151      161    1,858
WA            :    468       451       431       434      412      430    5,305
WI            :  1,970     1,946     1,814     1,832    1,731    1,831   22,368
              :
20-Sts        : 11,377    11,154    10,610    10,920   10,545   11,073  133,314
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
2/  Total milk production for year.
 
 
 
 
                    Milk Production:  Total by Month, State,
                             and 20 States, 1998 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     State    :   Jan    :   Feb    :   Mar    :   Apr    :   May    :   Jun
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              :                         Million Pounds
              :
AZ            :     234        216        245        245        253        233
CA            :   2,341      2,079      2,344      2,312      2,432      2,317
FL            :     220        208        229        223        219        187
ID            :     464        422        470        467        492        486
IL            :     182        169        195        192        193        174
IN            :     185        169        192        192        195        184
IA            :     324        296        330        327        339        318
KY            :     150        138        156        160        157        141
MI            :     441        406        454        446        466        459
MN            :     788        733        813        796        827        791
MO            :     202        191        216        226        221        194
NM            :     326        320        368        372        390        381
NY            :     966        893      1,004        994      1,044      1,002
OH            :     379        347        387        390        394        375
PA            :     934        853        958        955        966        894
TX            :     493        471        534        535        527        466
VT            :     226        208        230        228        240        230
VA            :     162        147        168        165        164        148
WA            :     436        401        449        446        467        453
WI            :   1,874      1,727      1,936      1,908      2,025      1,963
              :
20-Sts        :  11,327     10,394     11,678     11,579     12,011     11,396
 
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :         :         :         :        :        :        : Annual
              :   Jul   :   Aug   :   Sep   :  Oct   :  Nov   :  Dec   :Total 2/
              :-----------------------------------------------------------------
              :
AZ            :    202       186       190       218      221      237    2,680
CA            :  2,309     2,267     2,186     2,363    2,283    2,374   27,607
FL            :    181       165       156       163      176      207    2,334
ID            :    500       509       482       495      478      500    5,765
IL            :    168       168       163       169      170      178    2,121
IN            :    184       178       171       178      179      190    2,197
IA            :    316       311       300       314      312      346    3,833
KY            :    138       138       128       133      131      140    1,710
MI            :    470       467       439       452      435      456    5,391
MN            :    770       748       718       749      738      804    9,275
MO            :    188       178       178       188      187      198    2,367
NM            :    375       373       356       368      351      374    4,354
NY            :  1,015       995       948       969      927      983   11,740
OH            :    356       355       345       354      343      365    4,390
PA            :    910       894       860       879      856      888   10,847
TX            :    425       415       394       431      438      476    5,605
VT            :    230       227       220       221      215      230    2,705
VA            :    147       149       142       148      146      155    1,841
WA            :    456       454       438       448      430      448    5,326
WI            :  1,974     1,947     1,858     1,885    1,813    1,932   22,842
              :
20-Sts        : 11,314    11,124    10,672    11,125   10,829   11,481  134,930
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
2/  Total milk production for year.
 
 
 
 
               Milk Cows and Production:  Number and Milk Produced
                   by Quarter, State, and United States, 1997
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :           Milk Cows 1/            :        Milk Production 2/
  State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        :Jan-Mar :Apr-Jun :Jul-Sep :Oct-Dec :Jan-Mar :Apr-Jun :Jul-Sep :Oct-Dec
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        : ---------- 1,000 Head ----------    --------- Million Pounds --------
        :
AL      :    31       31       31       29       117      113       88      100
AK      :   0.9      0.9      0.9      0.9      3.47     3.77     3.96     3.80
AZ      :   123      128      128      130       730      723      579      632
AR      :    54       53       52       51       170      164      151      150
CA      : 1,384    1,389    1,392    1,397     6,566    7,089    7,010    6,917
CO      :    85       85       84       83       426      438      420      395
CT      :    29       29       30       30       127      129      125      128
DE      :  10.0     10.0     10.0     10.0      38.3     38.5     34.4     36.8
FL      :   160      162      160      159       721      672      513      570
GA      :    97       97       96       96       412      395      324      357
HI      :   9.5      9.1      8.9      8.9      32.2     33.2     29.9     27.7
ID      :   266      267      276      279     1,174    1,308    1,375    1,336
IL      :   134      133      132      131       558      579      539      527
IN      :   139      138      137      135       536      562      547      544
IA      :   234      231      228      226       915      941      922      915
KS      :    82       82       81       80       330      340      300      315
KY      :   150      148      147      146       467      488      437      423
LA      :    68       67       65       65       224      216      170      184
ME      :    40       41       41       41       162      170      169      161
MD      :    86       86       86       86       335      340      320      331
MA      :    26       27       26       26       108      113      108      105
MI      :   309      308      307      302     1,350    1,390    1,357    1,313
MN      :   577      572      568      560     2,351    2,422    2,245    2,192
MS      :    48       47       47       44       183      174      135      142
MO      :   179      178      177      176       602      651      557      552
MT      :    19       19       19       18        74       76       75       70
NE      :    69       70       69       69       257      262      260      261
NV      :    26       26       26       26       115      120      120      122
NH      :    20       20       20       20        83       84       81       80
NJ      :    21       21       20       20        76       79       73       71
NM      :   198      200      203      209       981    1,030      998    1,002
NY      :   700      698      698      699     2,835    3,002    2,899    2,794
NC      :    79       79       78       78       333      346      307      318
ND      :    59       57       54       53       183      188      175      167
OH      :   274      272      269      266     1,122    1,151    1,080    1,062
OK      :    93       93       92       91       321      319      302      307
OR      :    92       91       89       88       391      418      413      388
PA      :   632      630      627      625     2,644    2,756    2,629    2,633
RI      :   2.0      2.1      2.0      2.0       8.2      8.5      7.6      7.6
SC      :    26       26       26       25       111      106       86       94
SD      :   106      106      104      102       339      357      350      338
TN      :   115      114      112      110       426      426      377      380
TX      :   387      380      374      371     1,609    1,544    1,265    1,350
UT      :    92       93       91       89       374      406      394      366
VT      :   159      160      161      162       635      665      660      640
VA      :   124      125      124      125       468      475      449      466
WA      :   255      254      252      251     1,301    1,378    1,350    1,276
WV      :    19       18       18       18        65       67       66       68
WI      : 1,404    1,393    1,391    1,385     5,448    5,796    5,730    5,394
WY      :   6.7      6.7      6.6      6.4      21.4     22.1     21.1     19.2
        :
US 3/   : 9,299    9,273    9,236    9,200    38,859   40,574   38,627   38,031
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Quarterly average includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
3/  May not add due to rounding.
 
 
 
 
               Milk Cows and Production:  Number and Milk Produced
                   by Quarter, State, and United States, 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :           Milk Cows 1/            :        Milk Production 2/
  State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        :Jan-Mar :Apr-Jun :Jul-Sep :Oct-Dec :Jan-Mar :Apr-Jun :Jul-Sep :Oct-Dec
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        : ---------- 1,000 Head ----------    --------- Million Pounds --------
        :
AL      :    28       28       27       27       109      104       81       92
AK      :   0.9      0.9      0.9      0.8      3.52     3.67     3.63     3.51
AZ      :   130      130      132      132       695      731      578      676
AR      :    51       49       48       46       164      167      154      154
CA      : 1,405    1,414    1,425    1,436     6,764    7,061    6,762    7,020
CO      :    83       83       83       83       407      432      429      421
CT      :    30       30       30       30       136      136      128      129
DE      :  11.0     11.0     11.0     11.0      44.0     44.4     37.4     37.3
FL      :   161      161      159      158       657      629      502      546
GA      :    95       95       93       90       403      381      310      343
HI      :   9.0      8.8      8.8      8.8      31.5     35.7     32.3     29.5
ID      :   283      291      295      299     1,356    1,445    1,491    1,473
IL      :   129      128      127      126       546      559      499      517
IN      :   134      137      136      137       546      571      533      547
IA      :   224      223      222      224       950      984      927      972
KS      :    80       81       82       83       335      345      305      320
KY      :   143      141      138      136       444      458      404      404
LA      :    64       63       63       63       216      203      156      176
ME      :    40       41       42       42       165      173      176      166
MD      :    87       86       86       86       348      348      324      320
MA      :    26       26       26       25       109      112      111      106
MI      :   297      300      303      299     1,301    1,371    1,376    1,343
MN      :   555      555      550      545     2,334    2,414    2,236    2,291
MS      :    43       42       41       41       169      157      121      132
MO      :   175      172      169      166       609      641      544      573
MT      :    18       18       18       18        72       74       72       73
NE      :    70       69       69       70       259      263      262      266
NV      :    25       25       25       25       113      120      118      115
NH      :    19       20       21       20        83       87       85       79
NJ      :    19       19       19       19        75       75       72       70
NM      :   216      217      218      218     1,014    1,143    1,104    1,093
NY      :   698      701      701      702     2,863    3,040    2,958    2,879
NC      :    77       76       74       73       332      325      291      312
ND      :    53       52       50       50       179      181      174      172
OH      :   265      265      263      262     1,113    1,159    1,056    1,062
OK      :    92       92       92       92       322      316      294      304
OR      :    88       89       89       88       384      404      401      394
PA      :   625      623      623      620     2,745    2,815    2,664    2,623
RI      :   2.1      2.1      2.1      2.0       8.3      8.6      8.3      7.8
SC      :    25       25       24       24       105      100       81       88
SD      :   102      102      102      102       341      362      366      366
TN      :   108      106      103      101       401      399      344      357
TX      :   365      356      347      341     1,498    1,528    1,234    1,345
UT      :    88       90       90       93       361      388      383      381
VT      :   162      162      161      161       664      698      677      666
VA      :   125      125      123      123       477      477      438      449
WA      :   250      248      247      247     1,286    1,366    1,348    1,326
WV      :    18       18       18       18        71       70       69       68
WI      : 1,376    1,368    1,366    1,368     5,537    5,896    5,779    5,630
WY      :   6.2      6.1      6.0      5.9      19.2     20.7     20.4     19.5
        :
US 3/   : 9,176    9,171    9,149    9,137    39,164   40,821   38,519   38,937
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Quarterly average includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
3/  May not add due to rounding.
 
 
 
 
                    Milk Cows:  Number of Operations by State
                          and United States, 1997-98 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            :                     Operations with Milk Cows
    State   :-------------------------------------------------------------------
            :              1997               :              1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            :                              Number
            :
AL          :                 450                               380
AK          :                  30                                30
AZ          :                 250                               250
AR          :               1,300                             1,200
CA          :               2,800                             2,700
CO          :                 900                               900
CT          :                 350                               350
DE          :                 130                               130
FL          :                 650                               650
GA          :               1,000                               950
HI          :                  50                                50
ID          :               1,400                             1,300
IL          :               2,400                             2,300
IN          :               3,400                             3,300
IA          :               4,500                             4,300
KS          :               1,500                             1,400
KY          :               3,600                             3,400
LA          :                 900                               800
ME          :                 700                               700
MD          :               1,100                             1,100
MA          :                 450                               450
MI          :               4,200                             4,000
MN          :              10,500                             9,700
MS          :                 650                               600
MO          :               4,500                             4,300
MT          :                 750                               700
NE          :               1,500                             1,400
NV          :                 150                               150
NH          :                 300                               300
NJ          :                 350                               300
NM          :                 600                               500
NY          :               9,000                             8,700
NC          :               1,200                             1,100
ND          :               1,300                             1,200
OH          :               6,000                             5,500
OK          :               2,200                             2,100
OR          :               1,100                             1,000
PA          :              11,300                            10,900
RI          :                  40                                40
SC          :                 350                               300
SD          :               2,000                             1,800
TN          :               2,100                             2,000
TX          :               3,500                             3,200
UT          :                 900                               900
VT          :               2,000                             1,900
VA          :               1,800                             1,800
WA          :               1,400                             1,300
WV          :                 800                               800
WI          :              25,000                            23,000
WY          :                 350                               300
            :
US          :             123,700                           116,430
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  An operation is any place having one or more milk cows, excluding cows used
    to nurse calves, on hand at any time during the year.
 
 
 
 
            Milk Cows:  Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected
                      States, and United States, 1997-98 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                           Operations Having
        :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  State :       1-29 Head       :      30-49 Head       :      50-99 Head
        :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                                Number
        :
AZ      :     130         130                                  10          10
CA      :     500         420          90          90         120         110
CO      :     610         600          40          30          50          50
FL      :     400         400          10          10          30          32
GA      :     520         500          20          20         120         100
ID      :     400         350         160         140         270         250
IL      :     530         500         500         460       1,000         960
IN      :   1,900       1,900         550         520         630         560
IA      :   1,300       1,200       1,200       1,200       1,500       1,400
KY      :   1,600       1,500         700         670         940         900
MD      :     220         230         180         180         425         420
MI      :   1,100         950         900         900       1,100       1,100
MN      :   1,900       1,600       3,800       3,500       3,700       3,500
MO      :   1,900       1,900         830         780       1,100         990
NM      :     440         350                                  10           5
NY      :   1,700       1,600       1,900       1,800       3,600       3,500
NC      :     600         530          65          60         210         200
OH      :   3,100       2,600         800         830       1,400       1,400
OR      :     590         550          40          30         140         110
PA      :   2,400       2,200       3,800       3,700       3,800       3,700
TN      :   1,000         950         260         210         440         440
TX      :   1,600       1,500         200         200         400         400
UT      :     320         340          70          60         165         165
VT      :     200         190         410         320         920         900
VA      :     770         750          90         100         440         450
WA      :     540         450          70          45         130         145
WI      :   4,600       4,300       8,500       7,300       9,400       8,900
        :
Oth Sts :   8,200       7,200       2,100       2,000       3,800       3,580
        :
US      :  39,070      35,690      27,285      25,155      35,850      34,277
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.                                       --continued
 
 
 
 
             Milk Cows: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected
                States, and United States, 1997-98 1/ (continued)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                           Operations Having
        :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  State :     100-199 Head      :     200-499 Head      :       500+ Head
        :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                                Number
        :
AZ      :      10          10          20          20          80          80
CA      :     290         270         750         750       1,050       1,060
CO      :      70          80          80          90          50          50
FL      :      40          38          75          75          95          95
GA      :     200         190         110         110          30          30
ID      :     250         240         190         180         130         140
IL      :     320         330          50          50
IN      :     260         270          50          40          10          10
IA      :     420         390          75         105           5           5
KY      :     300         280          55          45           5           5
MD      :     220         220          49          45           6           5
MI      :     850         810         215         205          35          35
MN      :     850         800         230         260          20          40
MO      :     600         570          70          60
NM      :      10          10          20          20         120         115
NY      :   1,300       1,300         400         390         100         110
NC      :     230         220          80          75          15          15
OH      :     580         550         110         110          10          10
OR      :     200         170         100         110          30          30
PA      :   1,100       1,050         190         235          10          15
TN      :     300         300          90          90          10          10
TX      :     600         500         500         400         200         200
UT      :     210         190         110         120          25          25
VT      :     350         350         100         115          20          25
VA      :     390         380         100         110          10          10
WA      :     290         280         250         255         120         125
WI      :   2,000       1,950         450         490          50          60
        :
Oth Sts :   1,800       2,000         600         590         100         110
        :
US      :  14,040      13,748       5,119       5,145       2,336       2,415
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  An operation is any place having one or more milk cows, excluding cows used
    to nurse calves, on hand at any time during the year.
 
 
 
 
            Milk Cows:  Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected
                      States, and United States, 1997-98 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                    Inventory on Operations Having
        :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  State :       1-29 Head       :      30-49 Head       :      50-99 Head
        :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                                Percent
        :
AZ      :    0.4         0.4                                 0.5         0.5
CA      :    0.1         0.1         0.3         0.3         0.7         0.7
CO      :    1.9         1.4         1.9         1.4         4.2         4.2
FL      :    0.5         0.5         0.2         0.2         1.3         1.5
GA      :    2.1         3.0         0.9         1.0        10.0         8.0
ID      :    0.9         0.7         2.1         1.8         6.0         5.5
IL      :    4.0         4.0        12.0        11.0        46.0        46.0
IN      :   14.0        14.0        17.0        18.0        33.0        31.0
IA      :    8.0         8.0        18.0        18.0        40.0        38.0
KY      :    8.0         8.0        17.0        18.0        40.0        40.0
MD      :    2.5         2.5         7.5         6.9        35.0        36.0
MI      :    5.0         4.5        11.0        10.5        24.0        25.0
MN      :    6.0         5.8        24.0        22.0        40.0        40.0
MO      :    6.1         7.0        15.0        16.0        34.0        33.0
NM      :    0.7         0.4                                 0.4         0.2
NY      :    2.5         2.5        10.5        10.5        35.0        34.0
NC      :    1.5         1.5         2.5         2.5        17.0        17.0
OH      :   12.0        11.0        12.0        12.5        37.0        36.0
OR      :    1.2         1.0         1.8         1.3        12.0         9.7
PA      :    5.5         4.5        25.0        25.0        37.0        37.0
TN      :    2.7         3.0         7.3         6.4        28.0        28.0
TX      :    0.8         0.8         1.8         2.0         8.4         8.2
UT      :    1.3         1.5         2.7         2.5        13.0        13.0
VT      :    1.2         1.0        11.0         8.0        35.0        35.0
VA      :    5.0         6.0         3.0         3.0        27.0        26.0
WA      :    0.6         0.4         1.1         0.7         3.3         3.9
WI      :    4.5         4.8        24.0        21.0        43.0        43.0
        :
Oth Sts :    3.5         3.5         8.5         7.7        31.0        29.5
        :
US      :    3.5         3.6        11.5        10.1        26.0        26.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.                                       --continued
 
 
 
 
            Milk Cows:  Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected
                States, and United States, 1997-98 1/ (continued)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                    Inventory on Operations Having
        :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  State :     100-199 Head      :     200-499 Head      :       500+ Head
        :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                                Percent
        :
AZ      :    1.5         1.4         5.6         5.7        92.0        92.0
CA      :    3.4         3.4        16.5        17.5        79.0        78.0
CO      :   11.0        12.0        28.0        30.0        53.0        51.0
FL      :    4.0         3.8        17.0        15.0        77.0        79.0
GA      :   29.0        28.0        29.0        31.0        29.0        29.0
ID      :   12.0        12.0        19.0        19.0        60.0        61.0
IL      :   28.0        29.0        10.0        10.0
IN      :   24.0        25.0         8.0         7.0         4.0         5.0
IA      :   23.0        22.0         9.0        12.0         2.0         2.0
KY      :   25.0        24.0         8.0         8.0         2.0         2.0
MD      :   34.0        34.0        13.0        13.0         8.0         7.6
MI      :   33.0        32.0        17.0        18.0        10.0        10.0
MN      :   17.0        16.0        11.0        12.0         2.0         4.2
MO      :   36.0        36.0         8.9         8.0
NM      :    0.7         0.7         3.2         2.7        95.0        96.0
NY      :   27.0        26.0        14.0        15.0        11.0        12.0
NC      :   38.0        37.0        27.0        27.0        14.0        15.0
OH      :   26.0        27.0        10.5        11.0         2.5         2.5
OR      :   28.0        25.0        30.0        34.0        27.0        29.0
PA      :   23.0        22.0         8.0         9.5         1.5         2.0
TN      :   36.0        37.0        21.0        20.0         5.0         5.6
TX      :   22.0        20.0        28.0        29.0        39.0        40.0
UT      :   29.0        26.0        35.0        37.0        19.0        20.0
VT      :   27.0        26.0        17.0        20.0         8.8        10.0
VA      :   39.0        38.0        21.0        22.0         5.0         5.0
WA      :   18.0        16.0        31.0        32.0        46.0        47.0
WI      :   18.0        18.0         7.7        10.0         2.8         3.2
        :
Oth Sts :   23.0        25.0        24.0        22.8        10.0        11.5
        :
US      :   20.0        20.0        14.6        15.0        24.4        25.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Percents reflect average distributions of various probability surveys
    conducted during the year but are based primarily on beginning-of-year and
    mid-year surveys.
 
 
 
 
         Milk Production:  Percent of Production by Size Group, Selected
                       States, and United States, 1997-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :       1-29 Head       :      30-49 Head       :      50-99 Head
  State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                                Percent
        :
AZ      :    0.1         0.1                                 0.3         0.3
CA      :    0.1         0.1         0.2         0.2         0.5         0.6
CO      :    1.0         1.0         1.0         1.0         3.0         3.0
FL      :    0.2         0.1         0.2         0.1         1.7         1.9
GA      :    1.0         1.0         1.0         1.0         8.0         6.0
ID      :    0.5         0.5         1.5         1.0         5.0         4.5
IL      :    3.0         2.0        10.0        10.0        46.0        46.0
IN      :   12.0        12.0        15.0        15.0        36.0        34.0
IA      :    4.4         3.5        18.0        16.0        40.0        38.0
KY      :    6.0         6.0        15.0        16.0        40.0        39.0
MD      :    2.2         2.2         4.8         4.8        34.0        34.0
MI      :    3.0         3.0         8.0         8.0        23.0        23.0
MN      :    4.4         4.2        21.0        19.0        41.0        41.0
MO      :    6.0         5.5        14.0        11.5        29.0        34.0
NM      :    0.2         0.2                                 0.2         0.2
NY      :    1.5         1.5         9.5         9.5        31.0        30.0
NC      :    0.3         0.3         1.7         1.7        16.0        15.0
OH      :    9.0         8.0        11.0        10.0        37.0        36.0
OR      :    1.0         1.0         1.0         1.0        11.0         6.0
PA      :    4.0         4.0        20.0        21.0        41.0        39.0
TN      :    2.0         1.7         5.8         5.1        26.0        27.0
TX      :    0.2         0.2         0.8         0.8         6.0         6.0
UT      :    1.0         1.0         2.0         2.0        10.0        10.0
VT      :    1.0         1.0        10.0         8.0        36.0        35.0
VA      :    3.0         3.0         3.0         3.0        25.0        28.0
WA      :    0.4         0.4         0.8         0.8         2.8         3.8
WI      :    3.5         3.1        22.0        21.0        42.0        41.0
        :
Oth Sts :    2.5         2.3         6.5         7.1        29.0        25.4
        :
US      :    2.4         2.1         9.5         7.1        23.4        24.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
        Milk Production:  Percent of Production by Size Groups, Selected
                       States, and United States, 1997-98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :     100-199 Head      :     200-499 Head      :       500+ Head
  State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998    :   1997    :   1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :                                Percent
        :
AZ      :    0.9         0.8         5.7         5.8        93.0        93.0
CA      :    3.2         3.1        17.0        18.0        79.0        78.0
CO      :   10.0        11.0        30.0        30.0        55.0        54.0
FL      :    2.9         2.9        15.0        14.0        80.0        81.0
GA      :   28.0        27.0        31.0        33.0        31.0        32.0
ID      :   11.0        10.0        18.0        18.0        64.0        66.0
IL      :   30.0        31.0        11.0        11.0
IN      :   23.0        25.0         9.0         8.0         5.0         6.0
IA      :   25.0        24.0        10.0        16.0         2.6         2.5
KY      :   28.0        27.0         9.0        10.0         2.0         2.0
MD      :   37.0        37.0        14.0        14.0         8.0         8.0
MI      :   33.0        33.0        20.0        21.0        13.0        12.0
MN      :   19.0        18.0        12.0        12.0         2.6         5.8
MO      :   41.0        39.0        10.0        10.0
NM      :    0.6         0.6         2.0         2.0        97.0        97.0
NY      :   29.0        29.0        16.0        17.0        13.0        13.0
NC      :   41.0        42.0        26.0        26.0        15.0        15.0
OH      :   28.0        29.0        12.0        13.0         3.0         4.0
OR      :   27.0        25.0        32.0        35.0        28.0        32.0
PA      :   23.0        22.0        10.0        11.0         2.0         3.0
TN      :   37.0        39.0        23.0        21.0         6.2         6.2
TX      :   19.0        19.0        30.0        31.0        44.0        43.0
UT      :   30.0        28.0        38.0        39.0        19.0        20.0
VT      :   25.0        25.0        19.0        21.0         9.0        10.0
VA      :   41.0        40.0        23.0        21.0         5.0         5.0
WA      :   18.0        16.0        32.0        32.0        46.0        47.0
WI      :   21.0        21.0         8.0        10.0         3.5         3.9
        :
Oth Sts :   26.0        30.2        22.0        20.0        14.0        15.0
        :
US      :   20.0        20.0        15.3        16.8        29.4        30.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
 
                       Reliability Statement
 
Survey Procedures:  Primary data used to determine these estimates were
obtained from a sample of producers.  Individual States maintain a list of all
known milk producers and information on the size of their herd.  States use all
known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as
possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are
included in the survey.  Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end of
the month to obtain data for the first day of the month.  Additional reports
are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response.
 
 
Estimation Procedures:  State offices prepare these estimates using survey
indications, historic trends, and any available administrative data. Individual
State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board for
reasonableness.
 
 
Revision Policy:  Milk production, rate per cow, and number of cows are subject
to revision the following month for monthly States or the following quarter for
the quarterly States.  Normally, Federal Market Order sales are the main basis
for revisions. However, data for all orders are not available in time for this
revision.  Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year based
on additional administrative data.  In the event that additional changes are
necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year.
Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year Census of
Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date.
 
 
Reliability:  Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the
sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results
are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and
mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these
errors cannot be measured directly.  They are minimized through rigid quality
controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all
reported data for consistency and reasonableness.
 
 
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report,
the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items on the next page. The
"Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and
is computed using the differences between first and final estimates.  The "Root
Mean Square Error" for milk cow inventory estimates over the past 10 quarters
is 1.3 percent.  This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final
October-December estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of
9.14 million head by more than 1.3 percent, or about 119,000 head.  Chances are
9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 2.3 percent, or about 210,000
head (the 90 percent confidence level).
 
 
 
                Reliability of October-December Milk Estimates 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             :       :                :   Difference Between    :   Quarters
             : Root  :      90%       :    First and Latest     :---------------
             : Mean  :   Confidence   :        Estimates        : First : First
     Item    :Square :     Level      :-------------------------: Above : Below
             : Error :                :Average:Smallest:Largest :Latest :Latest
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             :    Percent       ------- Million Pounds ------        Number
             :
Milk         :
  Production :  0.6     1.1     428      183      1       385      10       0
             :    Percent       --------- 1,000 Head --------         Number
             :
All Milk     :
  Cows       :  1.3     2.3     210      102      2       195       9       1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Based on records for the past 10 October-December quarters.
 
 
 
 
                              Index
                                                               Page
 
Milk Cows and Production: by Quarter, United States, 1998-99 . . .2
 
Milk Cows and Production: by Month, 20 Selected States, 1998-99. .2
 
Milk Cows and Production: by State, January 1998-99. . . . . . . .3
 
Milk Cows and Production: by State, December 1997-98 . . . . . . .4
 
Milk Cows and Production: United States, 1989-98 . . . . . . . . .5
 
Estimated Milk Production: United States, 1998-99. . . . . . . . .2
 
Milk Cows and Production: by State, and United States, 1997-98 . .6
 
Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997 . . . . . .8
 
Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 States, 1998 . . . . . .9
 
Milk: Produced per Cow by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997. . . 10
 
Milk: Produced per Cow by Month, State, and 20 States, 1998. . . 11
 
Milk Production: Total by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997. . . 12
 
Milk Production: Total by Month, State, and 20 States, 1998. . . 13
 
Milk Cows and Production:  Number and Milk Produced
     by Quarter, State, and United States, 1997. . . . . . . . . 14
 
Milk Cows and Production:  Number and Milk Produced
     by Quarter, State, and United States, 1998. . . . . . . . . 15
 
Milk Cows:  Number of Operations, by State,
     and United States 1996-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
 
Milk Cows:  Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected
     States, and United States, 1997-98. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
 
Milk Cows:  Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected
     States, and United States, 1997-98. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
 
Milk Production:  Percent of Production by Size Group, Selected
      States, and United States, 1997-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
 
Reliability Statement:  Survey and Estimation Procedures,
      Revision Policy, and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
 
 
The next "Milk Production" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on March 16,
1999.
 
 
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in
all its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender,
religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital
or family status.  (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)  Persons
with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program
information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's
TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).
 
To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil
Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW,
Washington, D.C., 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD).  USDA is an
equal opportunity provider and employer.
 
 
                        ACCESS TO REPORTS!!
 
 
 
For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data
products, and services:
 
                          INTERNET ACCESS
 
All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet.  For
access, connect to the Internet and go to the NASS Home Page at:
http://www.usda.gov/nass/.  Select "Today's Reports" or Publications and then
Reports by Calendar or Publications and then Search, by Title or Subject.
 
                        E-MAIL SUBSCRIPTION
 
All NASS reports are available by subscription free of charge direct to your
e-mail address.  Send an e-mail message to:
usda-reports@usda.mannlib.cornell.edu.  In the body of the message type the
word:  list.
 
 
                          AUTOFAX ACCESS
 
NASSFax service is available for some reports from your fax machine.  Please
call 202-720-2000, using the handset attached to your fax.  Respond to the
voice prompts.  Document 0411 is a list of available reports.
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                PRINTED REPORTS OR DATA PRODUCTS
 
 CALL OUR TOLL-FREE ORDER DESK:   800-999-6779 (U.S. and Canada)
Other areas, please call 703-834-0125                FAX:  703-834-0110
(Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order acceptable for payment.)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 
                           ASSISTANCE
 
For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information
about NASS or its products or services, contact the Agricultural Statistics
Hotline at 800-727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail:
nass@nass.usda.gov.
 
 
 
 
For a fresh assessment of agricultural prospects
and issues shaping your future, attend the U.S.
Department of Agriculture's 75th Outlook Forum.
Ample time will be available to network with
hundreds of experts from agriculture, business,
and government.
 
To get program and registration details, access the
Forum web site at www.usda.gov/oce, send e-
mail to agforum@oce.usda.gov or call
(202) 314-3462.  Register today; rates go up after
February 1.
 
                      February 22-23, 1999
            Arlington, VirginiaSize Up Your Future.
 
                          Agricultural
                            Outlook
                             Forum
                              1999
 
                     Farm and Commodity Outlook
                     Long-term Prospects to 2008
                      New Risk Management Tools
                       Price Discovery Issues
                     Farm Marketing Innovations
                  Focus on China and Latin America
                   First Look at the New Ag Census
         Impact of Dietary Guidelines and Nutrition Programs
 
 
 
 
                          Agricultural
                               Outlook
 
                                     Forum
                                         1999