# Patent

## Title
Ophthalmic lens system capable of wireless communication with multiple external devices

## Abstract

The present invention relates to methods, apparatus, and devices associated with an ophthalmic lens system wherein the lenses may communicate with multiple external devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to an ophthalmic lens system that may communicate with a secondary and a tertiary device, wherein the wireless communication with the secondary and the tertiary electronic external devices may reduce power, communication, and processing requirements within the ophthalmic lenses and may broaden the range of possible functionalities of the ophthalmic lens system.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods, apparatus, and devices associated with an ophthalmic lens system wherein the lenses may communicate with multiple external devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to an ophthalmic lens system that may communicate with a secondary and a tertiary device, wherein the wireless communication with the secondary and the tertiary electronic external devices may reduce power, communication, and processing requirements within the ophthalmic lenses and may broaden the range of possible functionalities of the ophthalmic lens system.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Traditionally, an ophthalmic device, such as a contact lens, an intraocular lens, or a punctal plug included a biocompatible device with a corrective, cosmetic, or therapeutic quality. A contact lens, for example, may provide one or more of vision correcting functionality, cosmetic enhancement, and/or therapeutic effects. Each function may be provided by a physical characteristic of the lens. A design incorporating a refractive quality into a lens may provide a vision corrective function. Pigmentation incorporated into the lens may provide a cosmetic enhancement. An active agent incorporated into a lens may provide a therapeutic functionality. Such physical characteristics may be accomplished without the lens entering into an energized state.
More recently, active components have been included in a contact lens, and the inclusion may involve the incorporation of energizing elements within the ophthalmic device. The relatively complicated components to accomplish this effect may derive improved characteristics by including them in insert devices which are then included with standard or similar materials useful in the fabrication of state of the art ophthalmic lenses.
The ability for a user's ophthalmic lenses to communicate with each other may expand the possible functionalities of an energizable ophthalmic lens system. Wireless communication may allow one lens to recognize the relative position of the opposite lens, which may provide a more accurate determination of where the user may be looking. Wireless communication may also allow the two lenses to interact with each other, for example, to trigger specific, different actions when a user blinks or winks.
Communication between two contact lenses on a user may be difficult for several reasons. Each contact lens has limited area and volume for batteries and electronic components. For example, the volume available for batteries and electronic circuits in a contact lens may be less than 20 mm3, whereas the volume available for all components in a smartphone may be 50,000 mm3. Likewise, contact lens batteries may have 100 μA-Hr of capacity whereas a smartphone may have a capacity of 1400 mA-Hr. Thus, each contact lens may be limited in transmitter output power and receiver sensitivity.
Lower distance may be typically associated with reduced transmitter and receiver power requirements. Although the contact lenses may only be about 70 mm apart when on a user's eyes, there may not be a direct line of sight between the lenses, so direct light-based communication may not be possible without relying on reflections from nearby objects. Where the contact lenses may be worn by multiple users, the line of sight issue may be overcome by looking at each other, but the distance between the lenses may be significantly higher.
Further, in the event a radio frequency (RF) system may be used, the antenna area available in a contact lens, along with the dielectric properties of the eye and body, may make communication inefficient. Complex processing of signals, decision inputs, and data may also be difficult in contact lenses. The aforementioned limits on area, volume, and battery capacity may constrain the size, speed, computational complexity, and current consumption of a processor. For example, while it may be preferred for application enablement to include a powerful microcontroller or central processing unit (CPU) in contact lenses, state-of-the-art technology may not allow such integration.
Some exemplary systems may detect convergence of gaze to trigger a focus change, and without an external electronic device, the two contact lenses must obtain and transmit gaze direction, determine convergence, and signal the need to change focus. This may require communication between the lenses to carry gaze direction and focus change information. Further, this system may require tight timing synchronization between the lenses. In a system tracking gaze direction instead of just convergence, the transmission and computation requirements may be even higher.
The addition of a larger, external electronic device may permit portions of the communication and/or processing burden to be placed in the external electronic device, thereby easing the requirements on the contact lenses. Similar techniques are used in cellular communications, where a user's handset has limited battery power and limited size, and thus limited transmitter and receiver power and antenna gain. In such an example, the much larger available size and current in the cellular base station permits higher gain, power, and computational complexity.
It may be anticipated that some of the solutions for increasing wireless communication between energizable ophthalmic lenses may provide novel aspects for non-energized devices and other biomedical devices. Accordingly, there may be a need in the art for improved wireless communication between lenses, and utilizing a secondary external device may offer a solution to many of the current issues with inter-lens communication.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The energizable ophthalmic lens system, which may function through and with multiple external devices, of the present invention overcomes the disadvantages associated with the prior art as briefly described above. Further, the present invention allows for broader functionality capabilities than may exist with such prior art.
The present invention relates to an energizable ophthalmic lens system comprising at least one ophthalmic lens capable of interfacing with a specified external device, wherein the ophthalmic lens may comprise electronic components and soft lens portion that may at least partially encapsulate the electronic components. Such electronic components may comprise a wireless receiver, a wireless transmitter, a processor, a sensor, and conductive traces that may interconnect the electronic components.
Some such ophthalmic lens systems may further comprise a power source capable of energizing the electronic components. Alternatively, the ophthalmic lens system may be energized wirelessly by a secondary or tertiary external device. The electronic components may be encapsulated within a media insert. The electronic components may enable the ophthalmic lens system to interface with a specified external device. In some exemplary embodiments, the electronic components may enable the operation of the ophthalmic lens system, such as dynamic vision enhancement or dispensing of an active agent.
Some ophthalmic lens systems may comprise multiple ophthalmic lenses similar to the first ophthalmic lens, wherein the ophthalmic lenses may be worn on the opposite eye of the user or may be worn by multiple users. Where two ophthalmic lenses on the same user may comprise position detectors, the external device may be able to track convergence, which may indicate the viewing distance between the external device and the ophthalmic lens system. Based on convergence data, the external device may increase the size of fonts and images on the screen or, where the ophthalmic lens system comprises a variable optic portion, may adjust the power of the ophthalmic lens system.
In exemplary embodiments where multiple users may be wearing multiple ophthalmic lenses in an ophthalmic lens system, the ophthalmic lenses may transmit similar types of data to the secondary or tertiary external devices. For example, the ophthalmic lenses may transmit directional and positional data to the external devices, which may triangulate a common viewing area based on such data.
The ophthalmic lens system of the present invention offers a dynamic, accurate, and hands-free means to interface with an external device. Such a system may also shift the power and processing burdens from the ophthalmic lenses to the external device, which may be significantly less limited by size and biocompatibility. The burdens may be further reduced and the functionalities expanded by integrating wireless communication with a tertiary device.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following, more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1A illustrates a cross sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an energizable ophthalmic lens on an eye, wherein the energizable ophthalmic lens may be capable of wirelessly interfacing with an external device.
FIG. 1B illustrates a front view of an exemplary embodiment of an energizable ophthalmic lens capable of wirelessly interfacing with an external device.
FIG. 2A illustrates a cross sectional view of an alternate exemplary embodiment of an energizable ophthalmic lens on an eye, wherein the energizable ophthalmic lens may be capable of wirelessly interfacing with an external device.
FIG. 2B illustrates a front view of an alternate exemplary embodiment of an energizable ophthalmic lens capable of wirelessly interfacing with an external device.
FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate a top down view of various gaze directions and convergence distances of a pair of eyes each wearing energizable ophthalmic lenses with position recognizing mechanisms.
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an energizable ophthalmic lens with a position recognizing mechanism.
FIG. 5 illustrates an alternate exemplary embodiment of an energizable ophthalmic lens with a position recognizing mechanism
FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens system configured for wireless communication with a secondary and a tertiary device, wherein the secondary device may be further configured to wirelessly communicate with a peripheral device.
FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens system wherein multiple users may wear ophthalmic lenses from a single ophthalmic lens system.
FIG. 8A illustrates an example of a pair of eyes viewing a screen of a secondary device with a privacy guard, wherein the user may not be wearing energizable ophthalmic lenses with a privacy guard filter.
FIG. 8B illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a pair of eyes viewing the screen of a secondary device with a privacy guard, wherein the user may be wearing energizable ophthalmic lenses with privacy guard filter.
FIG. 8C illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a pair of eyes viewing the screen of a secondary device with a privacy guard, wherein the user may be wearing energizable ophthalmic lenses that may wirelessly communicate with a tertiary device configured to allow the user to view the screen.
FIGS. 9A-9D illustrate an exemplary series of calibration steps are illustrated, wherein a pair of eyes of a user may be prompted to look at an object or point on the screen of a secondary device.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention describes an energizable ophthalmic lens with interfacing capabilities to communicate with an external device. In general, according to some embodiments of the present invention, interfacing and/or position tracking mechanisms may be incorporated into an energizable ophthalmic lens, such as those that may include a media insert.
In the following sections, detailed descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention will be given. The description of both preferred and alternative embodiments are exemplary embodiments only, and it is understood that to those skilled in the art that variations, modifications, and alterations may be apparent. It is therefore to be understood that the exemplary embodiments do not limit the scope of the underlying invention.
GLOSSARY
In this description and claims directed to the presented invention, various terms may be used for which the following definitions will apply:
Component: as used herein refers to a device capable of drawing electrical current from an energy source to perform one or more of a change of logical state or physical state.
Electrical communication: as used herein refers to being influenced by an electrical field. In the case of conductive materials, the influence may result from or in the flow of electrical current. In other materials, it may be an electrical potential field that causes an influence, such as the tendency to orient permanent and induced molecular dipoles along field lines as an example.
Encapsulate: as used herein refers to creating a barrier to separate an entity, for example, a media insert, from an environment adjacent to the entity.
Encapsulant: as used herein refers to a layer formed surrounding an entity, for example, a media insert, that creates a barrier to separate the entity from an environment adjacent to the entity. For example, encapsulants may comprise silicone hydrogels, such as Etafilcon, Galyfilcon, Narafilcon, and Senofilcon, or other hydrogel contact lens material. In some exemplary embodiments, an encapsulant may be semipermeable to contain specified substances within the entity and preventing specified substances, for example, water, from entering the entity.
Energized: as used herein refers to the state of being able to supply electrical current to or to have electrical energy stored within.
Energy: as used herein refers to the capacity of a physical system to do work. Many uses within the present invention may relate to the capacity of being able to perform electrical actions in doing work.
Energy Source: as used herein refers to any device or layer that may be capable of supplying energy or placing a logical or electrical device in an energized state.
Event: as used herein refers to a defined set of parameters, for example, a biomarker level, energization level, pH level, or a visual recognition of a particular object. An event may be specific to a wearer, such as a level of medication, or may be generally applicable to all wearers, such as temperature.
Functionality: as used herein refers to a fundamental use or purpose of the ophthalmic lens, in contrast to auxiliary or incidental functions. Functionality may comprise, for example, vision correction, active-agent dispensing, cosmetic, external device interfacing, or three-dimensional perception of stereoscopic media. In contrast, incidental functions may comprise actions necessary to allow for operation of the fundamental purpose.
Functionalized: as used herein refers to making a layer or device able to perform a function including, for example, energization, activation, or control.
Intraocular lens: as used herein refers to an ophthalmic lens that may be embedded within the eye.
Ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic device or lens: as used herein refers to any device that resides in or on the eye. The device may provide optical correction, may be cosmetic, or provide some functionality unrelated to optic quality. For example, the term lens may refer to a contact lens, intraocular lens, overlay lens, ocular insert, optical insert, or other similar device through which vision may be corrected or modified, or through which eye physiology may be cosmetically enhanced (e.g. iris color) without impeding vision. Alternatively, lens may refer to a device that may be placed on the eye with a function other than vision correction, for example, monitoring of a constituent of tear fluid or means of administering an active agent. In some exemplary embodiments, the preferred lenses of the present invention may be soft contact lenses that are made from silicone elastomers or hydrogels, which may include, for example, silicone hydrogels and fluorohydrogels.
Lens-forming mixture or reactive mixture or RMM: as used herein refers to a monomeric composition and/or prepolymer material that may be cured and cross-linked or cross-linked to form an ophthalmic lens. Various embodiments may include lens-forming mixtures with one or more additives such as UV blockers, tints, diluents, photoinitiators, or catalysts, and other additives that may be useful in an ophthalmic lenses such as, contact or intraocular lenses.
Liquid crystal: as used herein refers to a state of matter having properties between a conventional liquid and a solid crystal. A liquid crystal may not be characterized as a solid but its molecules exhibit some degree of alignment. As used herein, a liquid crystal may be not limited to a particular phase or structure, but a liquid crystal may have a specific resting orientation. The orientation and phases of a liquid crystal may be manipulated by external forces, for example, temperature, magnetism, or electricity, depending on the class of liquid crystal.
Media insert: as used herein refers to an encapsulated insert that will be included in an energized ophthalmic device. The energization elements and circuitry may be embedded in the media insert. The media insert defines the primary purpose of the energized ophthalmic device. For example, in embodiments where the energized ophthalmic device allows the user to adjust the optic power, the media insert may include energization elements that control a liquid meniscus portion in the optic zone. Alternatively, a media insert may be annular so that the optic zone may be void of material. In such embodiments, the energized function of the lens may not be optic quality but may be, for example, monitoring glucose or administering medicine.
Optic zone: as used herein refers to an area of an ophthalmic lens through which a user of the ophthalmic lens sees.
Power: as used herein refers to work done or energy transferred per unit of time.
Rechargeable or re-energizable: as used herein refers to a capability of being restored to a state with higher capacity to do work. Many uses within the present invention may relate to the capability of being restored with the ability to flow electrical current at a certain rate for certain, reestablished time periods.
Reenergize or recharge: as used herein refers to restoring to a state with higher capacity to do work. Many uses within the present invention may relate to restoring a device to the capability to flow electrical current at a certain rate for certain, reestablished time periods.
Stabilizing feature: as used herein refers to a physical characteristic that stabilizes an ophthalmic device to a specific orientation on the eye, when the ophthalmic device may be placed on the eye. In some exemplary embodiments, the stabilizing feature may add sufficient mass to ballast the ophthalmic device. In some exemplary embodiments, the stabilizing feature may alter the front curve surface, wherein the eyelid may catch the stabilizing feature and the user may reorient the lens by blinking. Such exemplary embodiments may be enhanced by including stabilizing features that may add mass. In some exemplary embodiments, stabilizing features may be a separate material from the encapsulating biocompatible material, may be an insert formed separately from the molding process, or may be included in a rigid insert or a media insert.
Substrate insert: as used herein refers to a formable or rigid substrate that may be capable of supporting an energy source and may be placed on or within an ophthalmic lens. In some exemplary embodiments, the substrate insert also supports one or more components.
Three-dimensional perception or three-dimensional viewing: as used herein refers to where an ophthalmic device translates a two-dimensional image so that the brain interprets three-dimensional properties within the image.
Three-dimensional surface or three-dimensional substrate: as used herein refers to any surface or substrate that has been three-dimensionally formed where the topography may be designed for a specific purpose, in contrast to a planar surface.
Variable optic: as used herein refers to the capacity to change an optical quality, for example, the optical power of a lens or the polarizing angle.
Ophthalmic Lens
In some exemplary embodiments, the functionality of the energizable ophthalmic lenses may require or benefit from communication between the lenses. For example, where a single user may wear a lens on each eye, the ophthalmic lenses may allow the user to perceive stereoscopic media as three-dimensional, which may allow a user to watch “3-D” films, video games, and shows without requiring “3-D glasses,” as may be typically required with such media. As non-limiting examples, the external device showing the 3-D media may comprise a television, handheld gaming device, or tablet. Some exemplary embodiments may require the lenses to alternately block the user's vision at a speed comparable to the refresh rate of stereoscopic media, which may require complex processing and power. The device may be capable of detecting the refresh rate of the stereoscopic media and may prompt the alternating vision blocking in the ophthalmic lenses.
Such exemplary embodiments that utilize an external device to track gaze and/or convergence may reduce the power and processing burden on the ophthalmic lenses, requiring only the ability to wirelessly exchange small amounts of data and, in some instances, energize a mechanism that may control functionality within the lens. The external device may serve as the primary processing and power source for the interfacing mechanisms, which may reduce the burden on the ophthalmic lenses, which are inherently limited in size. Utilizing an external device may allow for communication requiring line of sight, which may not be practical where the bridge of the nose impedes communication between a left and right ophthalmic lens.
Referring to FIGS. 1A and 2A, exemplary embodiments of an energizable ophthalmic lens 110, 260 with interface capabilities with an external device are illustrated on an eye 100, 250. FIGS. 1B and 2B illustrate a front view of the ophthalmic lenses 110, 260. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, an ophthalmic lens 110 may comprise a soft biocompatible portion 114, a processor with a receiver and/or transmitter 112, and conductive traces 113.
Some aspects may comprise additional electronic components 111 that may add to the functionality of the ophthalmic lens 110. For example, the electronic component 111 may comprise a notification mechanism, wherein a prompt from the external device may activate the event notification mechanism, such as through use of a light emitting diode, vibration, or sound device. The notification mechanism may be activated when an event, such as a phone call or incoming email, may occur on the external device; when an event, such as an energization, may occur on the ophthalmic lens; or when an event, such as a successful pairing, may occur between the ophthalmic lens 110 and the external device. For exemplary purposes, the electronic component 111 may be described as an event notification mechanism, but other functionalities may be practical and desirable. Accordingly, such variations are well within the scope of the inventive art described herein.
In some exemplary embodiments, the ophthalmic lens 110 may not comprise a power source, and the ophthalmic lens 110 may be powered through a wireless energy transmission. For example, placing the ophthalmic lens 110 in a specified proximity to an external device may charge the sensor and the notification mechanism 111. Alternatively, when an engagement prompt from either the external device or the ophthalmic lens 110 may initiate interfacing between the devices, the external device may wirelessly power the notification mechanism 111.
The components 111-113 may not be encapsulated in a media insert, and the soft biocompatible portion 114 may be in direct contact with the components 111-113. In such exemplary embodiments, the soft biocompatible portion 114 may encapsulate the components 111-113. The encapsulation may suspend the components 111-113 at a specific depth within the ophthalmic lens 110. Alternatively, the components 111-113 may be included on a substrate insert. The substrate insert may be formed and the components 111-113 may be placed on the substrate prior to the addition of the soft biocompatible portion 114.
An alternative exemplary embodiment of a media insert 255 for an energized ophthalmic device 260 on an eye 250 is illustrated in FIG. 2A, and a front view of a corresponding energized ophthalmic device 260 is illustrated in FIG. 2B. The media insert 255 may comprise an optic zone 265 that may or may not provide a second functionality, including, for example, vision correction. Where the energized function of the ophthalmic device may be unrelated to vision, the optic zone 265 of the media insert 255 may be void of material.
In some exemplary embodiments, the media insert 255 may include a portion not in the optic zone 265 comprising a substrate incorporated with energizing elements, such as a power source 263, and electronic components, such as a processor 262. In some exemplary embodiments, the power source 263, including, for example, a battery, and the processor 262, including, for example, a semiconductor die, may be attached to the substrate. In some such aspects, conductive traces 266 may electrically interconnect the electronic components 262, 261 and the energization elements or power source 263.
In some exemplary embodiments, the media insert 255 may further comprise a receiver 267, which may wirelessly detect, transmit, and receive interface data to and from an external device. The receiver 267 may be in electrical communication, such as through the conductive traces 266, with the processor 262 and the power source 263.
In some exemplary embodiments, the processor 262 may be programmed to establish the parameters of the functionality of the ophthalmic lens 260. For example, where the ophthalmic lens 260 comprises a variable optic portion in the optic zone 265, the processor 262 may be programmed to set the energized optical power. Such an exemplary embodiment may allow for mass production of media inserts that have the same composition but include uniquely programmed processors.
The processor 262 may be programmed before the encapsulation of the electrical components 261-263, 266, 267 within the media insert 255. Alternatively, the processor 262 may be programmed wirelessly after encapsulation. Wireless programming may allow for customization after the manufacturing process, for example, through a programming apparatus in a doctor's office, a store, or a home. In some exemplary embodiments, the external device may be capable of programming an ophthalmic lens 260.
For illustrative purposes, the media insert 255 may be shown in an annular embodiment, which may not include a portion in the optic zone 265, although several possibilities may exist for the mechanical implementation of a functional insert. However, where a functionality of the media insert 255 may be related to vision, the media insert 255 may include an energizable element within the optic zone 265. For example, the media insert 255 may comprise a variable optic portion, wherein the media insert 255 may provide multiple powers of vision correction based on different energization levels. In some exemplary embodiments, the external device may comprise a control mechanism for the variable optic portion, or other adjustable functionalities. For example, the variable optic portion may be adjusted based on the viewing distance, such as for users with presbyopia. In such exemplary embodiments, as described below in relation to FIGS. 3A-3D, wireless communication between the right and left ophthalmic lens may allow the ophthalmic lens system to detect convergence
The media insert 255 may be fully encapsulated to protect and contain the energization elements 263, traces 266, and electronic components 261, 262, 267. In some exemplary embodiments, the encapsulating material may be semi-permeable, for example, to prevent specific substances, such as water, from entering the media insert 255 and to allow specific substances, such as ambient gasses or the byproducts of reactions within energization elements, to penetrate or escape from the media insert 255.
In some exemplary embodiments, the media insert 255 may be included in an ophthalmic device 260, which may comprise a polymeric biocompatible material. The ophthalmic device 260 may include a rigid center, soft skirt design wherein a central rigid optical element comprises the media insert 255. In some specific embodiments, the media insert 255 may be in direct contact with the atmosphere and the corneal surface on respective anterior and posterior surfaces, or alternatively, the media insert 255 may be encapsulated in the ophthalmic device 260. The periphery 264 of the ophthalmic device 260 may be a soft skirt material, including, for example, a polymerized reactive monomer mixture, such as a hydrogel material.
Referring now to FIGS. 3A-3D, a pair of eyes is illustrated gazing at an object 310 in different directions and at different distances, wherein an axis 311 is provided to establish a reference point. For illustrative purposes, a point beyond the positive y-axis of the axis 311 may be considered further than a point within the axis 311, and a point before the negative y-axis may be considered nearer than a point within the axis 311.
As shown in FIG. 3A, when an object 310 may be viewed at a far distance, both eyes may be gazing in a similar or the same direction, with little convergence. For example, when looking at the object 310 from a distance, the gaze of the right eye 305 may cross the axis 311 at point 304, and the gaze of the left eye 300 may cross the axis 311 at point 301. As shown in FIG. 3B, when the object 310 may be viewed at a close distance, the eyes may converge, though still gazing forward. For example, when extended beyond the object to the axis 311, the gaze of the right eye 305 may cross the axis 311 at point 322, and the gaze of the left eye 300 may cross the axis 311 at point 323.
As shown in FIG. 3C, when the object 310 may be located left of center, the left eye may be looking forward, and the right eye may shift to look left. For example, the gaze of the left eye 300 may cross the axis 311 at point 341, and the gaze of the right eye 305 may cross the axis 311 at point 342. As shown in FIG. 3D, the opposite of FIG. 3C may occur when the object 310 may be located right of center. For example, the gaze of the left eye 300 may cross the axis 311 at point 363, and the gaze of the right eye 305 may cross the axis 311 at point 364.
In some aspects, such as illustrated, the gaze of the right eye 305 may cross the axis 311 at the same point 322 when looking at a near object 310 (FIG. 3B) and when looking at an object 310 to the left of center (FIG. 3C). Similarly, such as illustrated, the gaze of the left eye 300 may cross the axis 311 at the same point 301 when looking at a distant object 310 (FIG. 3A) and when looking at an object 310 to the left of center (FIG. 3C). Where the right ophthalmic lens 316 may not communicate with the left ophthalmic lens 315, the lenses and the external device may not be able to discern between changes in gaze prompted by a change in distance, such as illustrated between FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, and a change in direction, such as illustrated between FIG. 3C and FIG. 3D.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, energizable ophthalmic lenses 400, 500 with position recognizing mechanisms 405, 505 are illustrated. Pupil position and convergence detection systems 405, 505 incorporated within ophthalmic lenses 400, 500, which are positioned on eyes, may track the position of the pupils, the ophthalmic lenses 400, 500, or both. For example, the detection system may comprise reverse-facing photodetectors capable of observing pupils or accelerometers capable of tracking the movement of the eyes.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, the position recognizing mechanism 405 may detect eye movement behind the ophthalmic lens 400 and/or may detect lid position in front of the ophthalmic lens 400. In some exemplary embodiments, the ophthalmic lens 400 may comprise a sensor array 405. Where the ophthalmic lens 400 may detect lid position, the sensor array 405 may comprise one or more photosensors. Such photosensors may be placed in suitable locations on the ophthalmic lens 400 to provide enough sample locations to reliably determine lid position without obstructing the clear optic zone. For example, as illustrated, a perpendicular line of sensors may be arranged outside of the optic zone 415.
When an eyelid may be in an open position, all or most of the photosensors 405 may be exposed to receive ambient light, which may create a photocurrent detectable by an electronic circuit included in the ophthalmic lens 400. A change in lid position may limit ambient light exposure for some or all of the photosensors. The ophthalmic lens may be able to detect lid position based on varying levels of photocurrent.
A lid detection device may allow the ophthalmic lens and/or external device to recognize eye gestures, which may comprise deliberate blink or wink patterns. In some preferable embodiments, lid detection may be combined with convergence detection. Such combinations may allow the ophthalmic lens to discern deliberate lid position from unintentional lid position change, which may be caused, for example, by changing focus between objects of varying distances.
In some exemplary embodiments, a photodetector array 405 may be rear facing, allowing the ophthalmic lens 400 to track gaze. The light to the photodetector array 405 may be blocked when located outside of the pupil. When the eye may change gaze, a portion of the photodetectors 405 may be exposed to light reflected through the pupil. Accordingly, the ophthalmic lens 400 may comprise stabilizing features 410, which may allow the eye to move behind the ballasted ophthalmic lens 400.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, the pupil position and convergence detector systems may comprise several components, which may form a more complex system, including, for example, a three-axis accelerometer 505, a power supply 510, a transceiver 515, and a controller 520 comprising signal-conditioning circuitry and memory. A communication channel between the two ophthalmic lenses may allow the pupil position and convergence detection systems to synchronize on pupil position.
In some exemplary embodiments, the ophthalmic lens 500 may move with the eye. In such embodiments, the ophthalmic lens 500 may comprise one or more position recognizing mechanisms such as accelerometers 505. In some such embodiments, the accelerometers 505 may comprise piezoelectric, piezoresistive, or capacitive components, comprising, for example, piezoceramic or crystal. The accelerometers 505 may comprise a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS). In others, such as illustrated in FIG. 4, the ophthalmic lens 400 may be ballasted by stabilization features 410, wherein the eye may move behind the lens 400.
Referring now to FIG. 6, an ophthalmic lens system comprising ophthalmic lenses 605, 610 configured to wirelessly communicate with secondary 620 and a tertiary device 630 is illustrated. In some exemplary embodiments, the secondary device 620 may be configured to send data to a peripheral device 650 based on data received from or exchanged between the ophthalmic lens system 605, 610, secondary 620, and/or tertiary device 630. For example, the secondary device 620 may receive data from the ophthalmic lens system 605, 610 indicating the user may require emergency medical attention, such as where glucose levels are dangerously low or high in a user with diabetes. In response, the secondary device 620 may send a notification to a peripheral device 650, including a third party computer system, such as an emergency system for a nearby hospital or medical facility, which may prompt the hospital to send an ambulance to the user 600. In some exemplary embodiments, one or more of the ophthalmic lens system 605, 610, secondary 620, and tertiary device 630 may comprise a global positioning system mechanism, wherein the location of the user may be transmitted with the emergency information.
As an alternative example, energizable ophthalmic lenses 605, 610 may assist in vision therapy, wherein a user 600 may perform specific eye exercises. The exercises may increase the ability of the user's brain to accommodate for damage or miscues. In some exemplary embodiments, a calibration, such as described relative to FIGS. 9A-9D, may establish a set of goal parameters. For example, the ophthalmic lenses 605, 610, the secondary device 620, and/or the tertiary device 630 may be able to determine when or whether the eye movements are falling outside the acceptable range, wherein a therapy schedule may establish the acceptable range.
In some exemplary embodiments, the therapy schedule may be uploaded from the peripheral device 650, such as a computing system in a physical therapy office. In some such examples, specified data may be gathered during the therapy, which may indicate the progress of the user 600, and the specified data may be transmitted back to the peripheral device 650. The third party may make adjustments to the therapy schedule based on the results.
In another exemplary embodiment, the secondary device 620 may “back up” stored data by sending predefined data to a third party storage device, for example, an internet “cloud,” a third party server memory system, or the user's personal computer.
The ophthalmic lens system may utilize one or both the secondary device 620 and the tertiary device 630 as a memory backup mechanism, wherein the ophthalmic lens system comprising lenses 605, 610 may periodically transmit predefined data to the external devices 620, 630. In some exemplary embodiments, the transmission of the data may prompt the ophthalmic lens system comprising lenses 605, 610 to clear the data stored within the system, which may allow for lower storage capacity.
In a still further example, the secondary device 620 may be programmed wherein specified data may be transmitted to the peripheral device 650. For example, the ophthalmic lens system comprising lenses 605, 610 may monitor biomarkers that may indicate an ovulation stage or pregnancy, and the user may program the secondary device 620 to notify a specific person or group of people of the event, such as a spouse or group of doctors.
In some exemplary embodiments, the tertiary device 630 may comprise the primary power and/or processing source for the ophthalmic lens system comprising lenses 605, 610. Alternatively, the tertiary device 630 may comprise a supplementary processing and/or power source, wherein the tertiary device 630 may bolster the capabilities of the ophthalmic lens system comprising ophthalmic lenses 605, 610. For example, the tertiary device 630 may be configured to charge the power source within the ophthalmic lens system comprising ophthalmic lenses 605, 610, which may allow the ophthalmic lens system comprising ophthalmic lenses 605, 610 to increase the sample rate for an extended period of time. In some such examples, the ophthalmic lens system comprising ophthalmic lenses 605, 610 may be operable without the tertiary device 630 but optimized with the tertiary device 630.
The external devices 620, 630 and the ophthalmic lenses 605, 610 may comprise complementary communication protocols enabling the three devices to wirelessly communicate. In some exemplary embodiments, the communication protocol may comprise a technology that may rely on proximity between the devices, including, for example, infrared, which may limit inadvertent wireless communication with unintended external devices.
Some alternative exemplary embodiments may allow pairing between the ophthalmic lenses and the external device through technology typically included in a standard external device, such as, for example, Bluetooth technology. As compared to other wireless communication methods, Bluetooth technology may be relatively common in external devices, and synchronization may not require additional hardware.
Alternatively, the communication protocol may comprise a lower power embodiment, including, for example, ANT or ZigBee technology. This may allow the ophthalmic lens to periodically sample the environment for the external device event data transmission from the external device while also limiting the power loss from the sampling. Low power wireless protocol may generally extend the potential energizable duration of the ophthalmic lens. Complementary wireless protocol profiles may limit the ophthalmic lens to receive transmissions from the intended external device.
In some exemplary embodiments, the pairing may occur prior to use. For example, the ophthalmic lens may be preprogrammed to interact with a specific external device, such as through use of application software that may be downloaded onto the intended external device. In other such embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include a serial authentication code or electronic pedigree (e-pedigree), which may be unique to a particular ophthalmic lens or an ophthalmic lens pack. The unique code identifying the ophthalmic lens may vary depending on the serialization methods associated with the brand or line of ophthalmic lenses.
The external device may be programmed to recognize a specific serial code. In some exemplary embodiments, the user may program the external device utilizing capture technology to scan or photograph a stock keeping unit (SKU) barcode or quick response (QR) bar code, which may be associated with the authentication serial number. In some such aspects, the SKU or QR barcode may be located on the packaging of the ophthalmic lens, for example, on the individual blister package or on the box for multiple blisters packages, or other common packaging techniques. Initiating the pairing through interaction with the packaging may be preferable over direct interaction with the ophthalmic lens as a means to reduce contamination of or damage to the ophthalmic lens or the eye.
In some exemplary embodiments, the scanned code may specify the identifying attribute of the ophthalmic lens. The identification may allow the external device to communicate specifically with the intended ophthalmic lens. For example, the scanned code may include the authentication code, the Bluetooth profile, infrared wavelength, or infrared signal pattern, depending on the wireless communication technology.
Prior to a communication between the ophthalmic lens and an external device, the two devices may trade or recognize the serial authorization or e-pedigree, for example, through use of a radio frequency identification system. In some exemplary embodiments, an external device event may trigger the external device to transmit an identification or authorization interrogation to the ophthalmic lens. The interrogation may include all, part, or none of the authorization code. For example, the external device may transmit the entire code, and, where the code matches the serial code of the ophthalmic lens, the lens may transmit a response, which may include the serial code or recognition of the correct serial code.
Alternatively, the interrogation may include a portion of the serial code, and the ophthalmic lens may respond with the remaining portion. A successful string may permit further wireless communication. In still further alternatives, the interrogation may not transmit any portion of the serial code but may prompt the ophthalmic lens to transmit the entire code. Where the external device verifies the serial code, wireless communication may continue, and where the serial code does not match, wireless communication may be terminated.
In some exemplary embodiments, the pairing may occur entirely on eye, wherein a user or external device operator may place the external device in proximity to the ophthalmic lens. Utilizing a software application, including, for example, a downloadable mobile application or standard wireless software installed during manufacturing, the user may prompt the external device to scan for the wireless profile or protocol of the ophthalmic lens. Such an initial scan may pair the external device to the ophthalmic lens, for example, through infrared or Bluetooth technology. Future wireless communication may occur where the external device verifies the identity of the ophthalmic lens based on the pairing.
In some exemplary embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses may communicate through a single specified external device. Alternatively, the ophthalmic lenses may be paired with multiple external devices, wherein a proximity to any one of the devices may allow for wireless communication between the two lenses. For example, the external devices may comprise a desktop computer, a television, a tablet, and/or a smartphone. The user may synchronize the ophthalmic lenses with all four external devices, which may allow for communication between lenses when the user may be in proximity to, or more particularly, when the user engages any of the four devices. Utilizing multiple devices may allow for continuous communication without tethering the user to a single device.
As an illustrative example, radio frequency identification (RFID) may be utilized as a means to verify the identity of the ophthalmic lens. Verification through RFID may not require the external device to be in the line of the sight of the ophthalmic lens. Such embodiments may limit wireless communication to specific range but not necessarily to a specific location. For example, the external device may be located in a bag or pocket, and wireless communication may still occur where the external device may be within range.
An RFID system may also allow for low power requirements for identification exchange based on the type of tag and reader. In some exemplary embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include a passive tag, wherein the ophthalmic lens may reply to interrogations from an active reader in the external device. Such an embodiment may conserve power use within the ophthalmic lens. In some such aspects, the interrogation may prompt the ophthalmic lens to begin sampling the defined environment for the external device event data. The ophthalmic lens may be inactive prior to the interrogation, and the sampling may be deactivated after a specified amount of time to conserve energy, for example, when the authentication code may be not verified. Alternatively, the ophthalmic lens may sample at different rates that may vary based on the presence and interfacing demands of an external device.
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is illustrated an ophthalmic lens system wherein the ophthalmic lenses 725, 730, 755, 765 are worn by multiple users 720, 750, 760. In such exemplary embodiments, the lenses 725, 730, 755, 765 may communicate through and with the same secondary device 700 but may or may not utilize a tertiary device (not shown). For example, the lenses 725, 730 on a first user 720 may utilize power support from a tertiary device (not shown), and a lens 755 on a second user 750 may not communicate with a tertiary device or may communicate with a separate tertiary device.
As an exemplary illustration, the ophthalmic lens system may comprise ophthalmic lenses 725, 730 on a set of eyes of a first user 720, a single ophthalmic lens 755 on a second user 750, and a single ophthalmic lens 765 on a third user 760. In such examples, the set of lenses 725, 730 on the first user 720 may transmit gaze and convergence data to the secondary device 700, and the lenses 725, 730 may also transmit directional and positional data, such as through a global positioning system.
Utilizing data from two lenses 725, 730 on a set of eyes on a single user 720, the secondary device 700 may establish a viewing distance 735 of the first user 720 based on the convergence and gaze data. Adding location and gaze direction data from the second 750 and third user 760 may allow the secondary device 700 to more precisely determine the location range 740 of an object viewed by the three users. The location range 740 illustrated in FIG. 7 is for exemplary purposes only and should not be considered the comprehensive range based on the illustrated directional information from the first user 720, second user 750, and third user 760.
For example, the lenses 725, 730 on the first user 720 may transmit the precise location (i.e., latitude and longitude) of the first user 720, the precise viewing distance 735, and the precise gaze direction (i.e. cardinal direction), wherein the lenses 750, 760. Accordingly, in such exemplary embodiments, the first user may carry, wear, or utilize a tertiary device (not shown) that may provide supplementary processing power and/or energy. The processing and power burdens may be significantly less for the single lens 755, 765 on the second and the third user 750, 760, and in such examples, it may not be necessary for the second and third user 750, 760 to utilize a tertiary device.
In examples where a user 750, 760 may where one energized ophthalmic lens 755, 765, the user may or may not wear a second passive ophthalmic lens. If the user 760 requires vision correction, a second lens 770 may comprise the corrective power, and the energizable lens 765 may comprise a passive vision-correcting aspect, such as through the structure of the encapsulating hydrogel portion. However, where a user 750 may not require vision correction, the user 750 may not wear a second lens.
In such exemplary aspects, the secondary device 700 may request coordinates and cardinal direction of gaze from the ophthalmic lens 755, 765 on the second 750 and the third users 760. Based on the relative positions of the first 720, second 750, and third user 760, the secondary device 700 may determine a triangular region where the object that the three users are viewing may be located. Transmitting coordinate data for each lens may allow the secondary device 700 to determine whether the users 720, 750, 760 may be looking at the same object or area. For example, where the lens 755 on the second user 750 may be facing west and may be located west of the lens 765 on the third user 760 and the lens 765 on the third user 760 may be facing east, the second 750 and the third user 760 may not be viewing the same object or area 740.
In some other exemplary embodiments, the first user may wear only a single ophthalmic lens, and each user may wear or carry a secondary device, such as a watch. Each secondary device may periodically transmit the positional and directional data to a central computer, for example. Such an exemplary embodiment may be useful in gaming or military operations, where the relative positions of personnel may be crucial to the success and effect of the operation or tactic. For example, the size and position of a target may be calculated without a verbal response or report from an individual, which may reduce the chance of human error.
Referring now to FIGS. 8A-8C, sets of eyes 800 are illustrated viewing the screen 820 of a secondary device, wherein the screen 820 comprises a privacy guard. In some exemplary embodiments, the external device may include a screen 820 with a security or privacy guard or layer, wherein a filter on an ophthalmic lens 810 may be necessary to view the contents of the screen 820. Referring now to FIG. 8A, a screen 820 of an external device with a privacy guard is illustrated when viewed by a pair of eyes 800 not wearing an energizable ophthalmic lens system, shown here as wearing passive ophthalmic lenses 805. The user 800 may not be able to view through the screen 820 through the privacy guard or the user may not be able to deactivate the privacy guard.
Referring now to FIG. 8B, an exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens system 810 capable of viewing the screen 820 of an external device with a privacy guard is illustrated. Some exemplary embodiments may comprise a single energizable lens (not shown), wherein the user may wear a passive lens on the opposite eye, or, where vision correction may not be necessary, the user may not wear a second lens. Where vision correction may be necessary, a static vision-correcting power may be included with the energizable lens. Alternatively, the interfacing may require relative information from two energizable lenses 810, for example, where the device may track gaze, convergence, or both. In such exemplary embodiments, such as illustrated, the user may need to wear two energizable ophthalmic lenses 810.
Referring now to FIG. 8C, another exemplary embodiment of an ophthalmic lens system 810 capable of viewing the screen 820 of an external device with a privacy guard is illustrated. In contrast to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8B, the ophthalmic lens system 810 in FIG. 8C utilizes a tertiary external device 830, such as a watch, to deactivate or adjust the screen 820 to allow the user to view the screen. In some exemplary embodiments, when the ophthalmic lens system 810 is located on a set of eyes 800 and within a predefined proximity of the tertiary device 830, the sample rate in the tertiary device 830 may increase, thereby reducing a delay in response between the secondary device and the ophthalmic lens system 810.
In some exemplary embodiments, the privacy guard settings may be static, which may only require a passive filter in or on the ophthalmic lens. Alternatively, the privacy guard settings may be adjustable, wherein the filter on an energizable ophthalmic lens may be programmable to accommodate variable guard settings. Variable guard settings may limit the probability that another user's ophthalmic lenses comprise the same filter. The variable guard settings may be programmed by the user or may be randomly generated.
In some exemplary embodiments, the privacy guard may comprise a polarized or tinted screen. Where the privacy guard comprises a polarized screen, the filter may comprise a complementary polarization, wherein the filter's polarization may align with the screen's polarization. Where the privacy guard comprises a tint, the filter may block the absorption of the specific wavelength of the tint color.
The filter in the ophthalmic lens may be activated when viewing the device through the privacy guard, which may prevent the filter from impeding the user's vision when not viewing through the privacy guard. Such a privacy guard may be more convenient, less obvious, and more secure than common screen protection methods such as removable filter sheets.
Referring now to FIGS. 9A-9D, an exemplary series of calibration steps are illustrated, wherein a pair of eyes of a user 900 wearing an ophthalmic lens system may be prompted to look at an object or point 925 on the screen of a secondary device 920. The series is illustrated in a top down view, wherein the external device 920 is shown in a parallel position to the gaze, but other angles may be practical and should be considered part of the inventive art described herein. Where a user 900 may be wearing a set of energizable ophthalmic lenses 930, the external device 920 may receive positional input from both lenses 930.
As shown in FIG. 9A, when the user 900 views the object 925 on the external device 920 at a far distance, both eyes may be gazing in a similar or same direction, with little convergence. As shown in FIG. 9B, when the user 900 views the object 925 on the external device 920 at a close distance, the eyes may converge, though still gazing forward. As shown in FIG. 9C, when the user 900 views the object 925 at the left portion of the screen of the external device 920, the left eye may be looking forward, and the right eye may shift to look left. As shown in FIG. 9D, the opposite of FIG. 9C may occur when looking at the object 925 at the right portion of the screen of the external device 920.
Accordingly, the secondary device 920 may prompt the user 900 to view the object 925 at the varying distances and positions illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9D, wherein the series of prompts may develop a calibration profile associated with the user 900. The calibration may establish the user's preferences and attributes. The calibration may enable the lenses to track the user's eye movement more accurately. The calibration process may provide baseline data to the external device, the ophthalmic lens, or both. In some aspects, the calibration may program the ophthalmic lenses to recognize how the lenses 930 move relative to eye movements.
Calibration may allow the external device to discern between deliberate and involuntary eye movement, for example, movement caused by nystagmus. A calibration step may prompt the user to look at an object on the screen of the external device for a predefined length of time. Throughout that time, the external device may record or recognize involuntary movement data, including the speed, direction, and distances from the initial focus point.
Based on the calibration, the external device may be able to recognize and ignore involuntary movement data, treating the data similarly to noise, as may be common in electronic devices. For users with severe or problematic nystagmus, calibration may not be sufficient to distinguish voluntary and involuntary eye movements. In some such embodiments, specialized ophthalmic lenses, additional software in the external device, or a combination of both may be necessary to adequately overcome the “noise” of involuntary eye movement. The external device may save the calibration results and process the position data from one lens based on that calibration. Accordingly, the position data transmitted to the opposite eye may already be adjusted, alleviating some of the processing burdens on the ophthalmic lenses.
In some exemplary embodiments, based on the calibration data, the secondary device may be configured to track involuntary eye movements. Involuntary eye movements may be associated with fatigue and certain emotions. For example, when a user is exhausted or excited, his or her involuntary eye movements may increase in speed and frequency, and a user may be prompted to acknowledge whether he or she is exhausted or excited. In such example, the secondary device may develop a profile over time, wherein the profile may associate specific involuntary eye movement patterns with a user's emotional or physical conditions.
In some exemplary embodiments, the calibration may limit the chance of wearing lenses on the incorrect eye. For example, the calibration may establish that the right eye wears an ophthalmic lens with a specific identification string, which may be transmitted with each position data or may be transmitted to initiate pairing. Where the right lens may be placed on the left eye, the position data may fall out of the established normal range, for example, where the position data may suggest that the eyes are looking in opposite directions. In such aspects, a notification mechanism may activate to alert the user that he may have placed the lens on the incorrect eye.
Materials for Insert-Based Ophthalmic Lenses
In some exemplary embodiments, a lens type may be a lens that includes a silicone-containing component. A “silicone-containing component” may be one that contains at least one [—Si—O—] unit in a monomer, macromer, or prepolymer. Preferably, the total Si and attached O are present in the silicone-containing component in an amount greater than about 20 weight percent, and more preferably greater than 30 weight percent of the total molecular weight of the silicone-containing component. Useful silicone-containing components preferably comprise polymerizable functional groups such as acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl, N-vinyl lactam, N-vinylamide, and styryl functional groups.
In some exemplary embodiments, the ophthalmic lens skirt, which sometimes may be called an insert encapsulating layer, that surrounds the insert may comprise standard hydrogel lens formulations. Exemplary materials with characteristics that may provide an acceptable match to numerous insert materials may include the Narafilcon family; including Narafilcon A and Narafilcon B. Alternatively, the Etafilcon family; including Etafilcon A may represent good exemplary material choices. A more technically inclusive discussion follows on the nature of materials consistent with the art herein; but it may be clear that any materials that may form an acceptable enclosure or partial enclosure of the sealed and encapsulated inserts are consistent and included.
Suitable silicone containing components include compounds of Formula I




where:

R1 may be independently selected from monovalent reactive groups, monovalent alkyl groups, or monovalent aryl groups, any of the foregoing which may further comprise functionality selected from hydroxy, amino, oxa, carboxy, alkyl carboxy, alkoxy, amido, carbamate, carbonate, halogen or combinations thereof; and monovalent siloxane chains comprising 1-100 Si—O repeat units which may further comprise functionality selected from alkyl, hydroxy, amino, oxa, carboxy, alkyl carboxy, alkoxy, amido, carbamate, halogen or combinations thereof;
where b=0 to 500, where it may be understood that when b may be other than 0, b may be a distribution having a mode equal to a stated value;
wherein at least one R1 comprises a monovalent reactive group, and in some embodiments between one and 3 R1 comprise monovalent reactive groups.
As used herein “monovalent reactive groups” are groups that may undergo free radical and/or cationic polymerization. Non-limiting examples of free radical reactive groups include (meth)acrylates, styryls, vinyls, vinyl ethers, C1-6alkyl(meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylamides, C1-6alkyl(meth)acrylamides, N-vinyllactams, N-vinylamides, C2-12alkenyls, C2-12alkenylphenyls, C2-12alkenylnaphthyls, C2-6alkenylphenylC1-6alkyls, O-vinylcarbamates and O-vinylcarbonates. Non-limiting examples of cationic reactive groups include vinyl ethers or epoxide groups and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the free radical reactive groups comprises (meth)acrylate, acryloxy, (meth)acrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable monovalent alkyl and aryl groups include unsubstituted monovalent C1 to C16alkyl groups, C6-C14 aryl groups, such as substituted and unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, propoxypropyl, polyethyleneoxypropyl, combinations thereof, and the like.
In some exemplary embodiments, b may be zero, one R1 may be a monovalent reactive group, and at least 3 R1 are selected from monovalent alkyl groups having one to 16 carbon atoms, and in another embodiment from monovalent alkyl groups having one to 6 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of silicone components of this embodiment include 2-methyl-,2-hydroxy-3-[3-[1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propoxy]propyl ester (“SiGMA”), 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyloxypropyl-tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, 3-methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (“TRIS”), 3-methacryloxypropylbis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane and 3-methacryloxypropylpentamethyl disiloxane.
In another exemplary embodiment, b may be 2 to 20, 3 to 15 or in some embodiments 3 to 10; at least one terminal R1 comprises a monovalent reactive group and the remaining R1 are selected from monovalent alkyl groups having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and in another embodiment from monovalent alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In yet another exemplary embodiment, b may be 3 to 15, one terminal R1 comprises a monovalent reactive group, the other terminal R1 comprises a monovalent alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the remaining R1 comprise monovalent alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of silicone components of this embodiment include (mono-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl)-propyl ether terminated polydimethylsiloxane (400-1000 MW)) (“OH-mPDMS”), monomethacryloxypropyl terminated mono-n-butyl terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (800-1000 MW), (“mPDMS”).
In another exemplary embodiment, b may be 5 to 400 or from 10 to 300, both terminal R1 comprise monovalent reactive groups and the remaining R1 are independently selected from monovalent alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms that may have ether linkages between carbon atoms and may further comprise halogen.
In one exemplary embodiment, where a silicone hydrogel lens may be desired, the lens of the present invention will be made from a reactive mixture comprising at least about 20 and preferably between about 20 and 70% wt silicone containing components based on total weight of reactive monomer components from which the polymer may be made.
In another exemplary embodiment, one to four R1 comprises a vinyl carbonate or carbamate of the formula:




wherein: Y denotes O—, S— or NH—;
R denotes, hydrogen or methyl; d may be 1, 2, 3 or 4; and q may be 0 or 1.
The silicone-containing vinyl carbonate or vinyl carbamate monomers specifically include: 1,3-bis[4-(vinyloxycarbonyloxy)but-1-yl]tetramethyl-disiloxane; 3-(vinyloxycarbonylthio) propyl-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane]; 3-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]propyl allyl carbamate; 3-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]propyl vinyl carbamate; trimethylsilylethyl vinyl carbonate; trimethylsilylmethyl vinyl carbonate, and




Where biomedical devices with modulus below about 200 are desired, only one R1 shall comprise a monovalent reactive group and no more than two of the remaining R1 groups will comprise monovalent siloxane groups.
Another class of silicone-containing components includes polyurethane macromers of the following formulae:

(*D*A*D*G)a*D*D*E1;

E(*D*G*D*A)a*D*G*D*E1 or;

E(*D*A*D*G)a*D*A*D*E1  Formulae IV-VI

wherein:

D denotes an alkyl diradical, an alkyl cycloalkyl diradical, a cycloalkyl diradical, an aryl diradical or an alkylaryl diradical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms,
G denotes an alkyl diradical, a cycloalkyl diradical, an alkyl cycloalkyl diradical, an aryl diradical or an alkylaryl diradical having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and which may contain ether, thio or amine linkages in the main chain;
* denotes a urethane or ureido linkage;
a may be at least 1;
A denotes a divalent polymeric radical of formula:




R11 independently denotes an alkyl or fluoro-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may contain ether linkages between carbon atoms; y may be at least 1; and p provides a moiety weight of 400 to 10,000; each of E and E1 independently denotes a polymerizable unsaturated organic radical represented by formula:





wherein: R12 may be hydrogen or methyl; R13 may be hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a —CO—Y—R15 radical wherein Y may be —O—, Y—S— or —NH—; R14 may be a divalent radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; X denotes —CO— or —OCO—; Z denotes —O— or —NH—; Ar denotes an aromatic radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; w may be 0 to 6; x may be 0 or 1; y may be 0 or 1; and z may be 0 or 1.

A preferred silicone-containing component may be a polyurethane macromer represented by the following formula:




wherein R16 may be a diradical of a diisocyanate after removal of the isocyanate group, such as the diradical of isophorone diisocyanate. Another suitable silicone containing macromer may be compound of formula X (in which x+y may be a number in the range of 10 to 30) formed by the reaction of fluoroether, hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, isophorone diisocyanate and isocyanatoethylmethacrylate.





Other silicone containing components suitable for use in this invention include macromers containing polysiloxane, polyalkylene ether, diisocyanate, polyfluorinated hydrocarbon, polyfluorinated ether and polysaccharide groups; polysiloxanes with a polar fluorinated graft or side group having a hydrogen atom attached to a terminal difluoro-substituted carbon atom; hydrophilic siloxanyl methacrylates containing ether and siloxanyl linkanges and crosslinkable monomers containing polyether and polysiloxanyl groups. Any of the foregoing polysiloxanes may also be used as the silicone-containing component in the present invention.
Although shown and described in what is believed to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it may be apparent that departures from specific designs and methods described and shown will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is not restricted to the particular constructions described and illustrated, but should be constructed to cohere with all modifications that may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. An ophthalmic lens system capable of wireless communication with at least first and second external devices, the ophthalmic lens system comprising:
a first ophthalmic lens on a first eye for wirelessly communicating with the first external device, wherein the first ophthalmic lens includes:
a first lens transmitter,
a first lens receiver,
a first detection system including one or more eyelid position sensors and one or more pupil position and convergence sensors,
a first power source,
a first lens processor in electrical communication with the first lens transmitter, the first lens receiver, the first detection system, and the first power source, the first lens processor being programmable for calibration to a specific user, and
conductive traces interconnecting at least one of the first lens transmitter, the first lens receiver, the first detection system, the power source and the first lens processor,
a first soft lens portion for direct placement on the first eye and encapsulation of at least a portion of one or more the first lens transmitter, the first lens receiver, the first detection system, the first power source, and the first lens processor, and wherein the first external device comprises a first device power source, a first device transmitter, a first device receiver, and a first device processor in electrical communication with the first device power source, the first device transmitter, and the first device receiver;
a second ophthalmic lens on a second eye for wirelessly communicating with one or more of the first ophthalmic lens, the first external device and the second external device, wherein the second ophthalmic lens includes:
a second lens transmitter,
a second lens receiver,
a second detection system including one or more eyelid position sensors and one or more pupil position and convergence sensors,
a second power source,
a second lens processor in electrical communication with the second lens transmitter, the second lens receiver, the second detection system, and the second power source, the second lens processor being programmable for calibration to a specific wearer, and
conductive traces interconnecting at least one of the second lens transmitter, the second lens receiver, the second detection system, the second power source and the second lens processor,
a second soft lens portion for direct placement on the second eye and encapsulation of at least a portion of one or more the second lens transmitter, the second lens receiver, the second detection system, the second power source, and the second lens processor, and wherein the device processor provides more computational power than one or both the first lens processor and the second lens processor and more power than one or both of the first power source and the second power source.

2. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 1, wherein a wireless pairing between the first ophthalmic lens and the first external device is capable of enabling the wireless communication between the ophthalmic lens system and the first external device.

3. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 1 further comprising a first sensor configured to monitor a first predefined property of one or more a tear fluid of the first eye, an ocular environment of the first eye, or an environment proximate and external to the first eye.

4. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of sensors configured to monitor a plurality of predefined properties of one or more a tear fluid of the first eye or the second eye, an ocular environment of the first eye or the second eye, or an environment proximate and external to the first eye or the second eye.

5. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 1, wherein a wireless pairing of one or both the first ophthalmic lens and the second ophthalmic lens with the first external device is capable of enabling the wireless communication between the ophthalmic lens system and the first external device.

6. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 1, wherein the second external device is configured to energize the ophthalmic lens system.

7. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 1, wherein the second external device is configured to increase a processing power of the ophthalmic lens system.

8. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of predefined properties comprise a predefined property of the first eye and the second eye.

9. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of predefined properties comprise a set of complementary properties of one or both the first eye and the second eye, wherein the complementary properties are indicative of a predefined condition of a user wearing the ophthalmic lens system.

10. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 4, wherein an operation of the functionality of the ophthalmic lens system is based on the plurality of predefined properties.

11. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 5, wherein the first external device is capable of recognizing a right ophthalmic lens on a right eye of a user and a left ophthalmic lens on a left eye of the user.

12. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 10, wherein the functionality comprises dispensing of an active agent onto the ocular environment of one or both the first eye or the second eye.

13. The ophthalmic lens system of claim 11, wherein the first external device is capable of alerting the user when the left ophthalmic lens is located on the right eye and the right ophthalmic lens is located on the left eye.