# Patent

## Title
Systems and methods for microgrid power generation and management

## Abstract

Systems and methods for coordinating selective activation of a multiplicity of emergency power generation equipment over a predetermined geographic area for distribution and/or storage to supply a microgrid of electrical power for a substantially similar geographic area.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to power generation and management, and more particularly, to microgrid distributed power generation and management including emergency power generation equipment.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Prior art provides for power generation, generally for methods for optimizing microgrid function based on predicted or forecasted demand, including systems and methods for optimizing microgrid power usage based on predictive algorithms of power demand.
By way of example the following are relevant prior art documents relating to power management: U.S. Pat. No. 7,115,010 & US Pub. No. 20040051387 for Control of small distributed energy resources, assigned to Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, describe and teach a microsource system for providing power in an isolation mode or in a grid mode that is configured to couple to a power system without modification of the existing equipment in the power system, wherein the microsource system is configured for use in a microgrid, and wherein the microsource power source may be a fuel cell, a microturbine, battery, or photovoltaic cell.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,983,799 & US Pub. No. 20110118885 for System and method for controlling microgrid, assigned on the document faces to General Electric, disclose and teach a system for controlling a microgrid including microgrid assets, with at least one of the microgrid assets comprising a different type of electrical generator than an electrical generator of another of the microgrid assets; a tieline for coupling the microgrid to a bulk grid; and a tieline controller for providing tieline control signals to adjust active and reactive power in microgrid assets, and further describes that the electrical generators comprise at least one renewable energy source.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,834,479 & US Pub. No. 20080278000 for Methods and systems for intentionally isolating distributed power generation sources, assigned on the document faces to Beacon Power Corporation, disclose and teach a method for operating a mini-grid including one or more power generation sources and one or more loads connected to a bus. The method includes the steps of: monitoring a condition of the utility grid; disconnecting the mini-grid from the utility grid to operate the mini-grid independently in response to a power disruption over the utility grid; monitoring at least one of a frequency and a voltage of power on the bus; and providing an interconnect device connected to the bus, the interconnect device including at least one of: an energy storage device for absorbing or releasing real power to control the frequency of the power on the bus, and power quality compensator for absorbing or releasing reactive power to control the voltage of the power on the bus.
US Pub. No. 20070040382 for Self-supporting power generation station, by inventor Towada, teaches a scalable microgrid for providing power to areas remote from the existing power grid, wherein the microgrid comprises at least two power pods linked in parallel, and each power pod has at least one micro-turbine fueled by methane gas, and wherein additional power pods may be added as power needs increase.
By way of example, relevant documents relating to power management and optimization include: US Pub. No. 20090062969—Hybrid robust predictive optimization method of power system dispatch, assigned on the document to General Electric, and describes a system for controlling and optimizing operation of a microgrid by integrating power generation, load and storage assets; it also describes a predictive algorithm that is used to dynamically schedule different assets, the predictive algorithm optimizes the microgrid operation over a predetermined time horizon based on predicted future microgrid asset conditions.
US Pub. Nos. 20100179704 & 20110035073—Optimization of microgrid energy use and distribution, assigned on the document face to Integral Analytics, Inc., describes a system for optimization of energy use and distribution within a microgrid system, including forecasting of individualized demand by end-use or individualized demand by location for at least one customer or customer location, wherein forecasting of individualized demand may include inputs including: load prediction, weather forecast, risk given load uncertainty; customer compliance forecasts, customer probability of override forecasts; time of day effects; and day of week effects.
US Pub. No. 20100222934 for System for managing energy at loads, by inventors Iino, et al., teaches an energy management system comprising a demand prediction unit configured to predict demand at a load to which energy is supplied and a load adjustment range prediction unit to predict a load adjustment range by using historical data, wherein the system is applied to a microgrid capable of performing demand-side management.
US Pub. Nos. 20110082596 for Real time microgrid power analytics portal for mission critical power systems; and US Pub. No. 20110082597 for Microgrid model based automated real time simulation for market based electric power system optimization, assigned on the document face to EDSA Micro Corporation, describes a system for real-time modeling of electrical system performance of a microgrid electrical system, wherein predicted data for the electrical system is generating using a virtual system model, and the virtual system model is updated based on real-time data to forecast the cost of operating the microgrid and the reliability and availability of the microgrid system.
Furthermore, in relevant art, it is known to describe how energy pricing is integrated into the described forecasting models. By way of example of relevant prior art documents, consider the following: US Pub. Nos. 20110082596 for Real time microgrid power analytics portal for mission critical power systems; US Pub. No. 20110082597 for Microgrid model based automated real time simulation for market based electric power system optimization, assigned on the document faces to EDSA Micro Corporation, teach a system for real-time modeling of electrical system performance of a microgrid electrical system, wherein predicted data for the electrical system is generating using a virtual system model that is updated based on real-time data to forecast the cost of operating the microgrid and the reliability and availability of the microgrid system. Furthermore, all transactions between the public electric service on the macrogrid and the microgrid infrastructure are closely monitored, and rate and pricing information for the management of electricity exchange are also maintained. Closely monitoring this information and updating the virtual and real time models accordingly allows the systems and methods disclosed herein to optimize energy consumption to meet various objectives of the microgrid operator, wherein predicted data can be used to generate market-based pricing predictions based on the performance of the components of the electrical system.
US Pub. No. 20080262820 for Real-time predictive systems for intelligent energy monitoring and management of electrical power networks; and US Pub. No. 20090063122 for Real-time stability indexing for intelligent energy monitoring and management of electrical power network system, assigned to EDSA Micro Corporation, teach the following: the '820 publication describes a system for intelligent monitoring and management of an electrical system including a data acquisition component to acquire real-time data from the electrical system; a power analytics server comprising a real-time energy pricing engine connected to a utility power pricing data table and configured to generate real-time utility power pricing data, a virtual system modeling engine to generate predicted data output for the electrical system, an analytics engine configured to monitor the real-time data output and the predicted data output of the electrical system, a machine learning engine configured to store and process patterns observed from the real-time data output and the predicted data output and configured to forecast an aspect of the electrical system. The '122 publication is a continuation-in-part of '820 and also describes a system for intelligent monitoring and management of an electrical system
US Pub. No. 20100198421 for Methods and apparatus for design and control of multi-port power electronic interface for renewable energy sources, assigned on the document face to Board of Regents, The University of Texas System, teaches a method for managing energy movement wherein a determination of whether operational characteristics should be modified is based on at least one factor of: a renewable energy generation forecast, an energy consumption forecast, and a substantially real-time price of energy, with the application of this method and apparatus in a microgrid setting.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,873,442 & US Pub. No. 20060206240 for System and method for managing and optimizing power use, assigned on the respective document faces to The Energy Authority, Inc., describe an optimization method for the use of utility power including the steps of: initializing a utility power load requirement forecast, an amount of available utility power, and aggressiveness position for optimizing the use of available power, a utility power schedule; determining an initial power use position for a peak load utility power use range and a low load range; adjusting the utility power use for real-time transactions, adjusting for utility power storage flexibility, and producing a utility power use schedule optimized for use of said utility power in low load range and peak load range, wherein the real-time schedule optimization provides information on how to adjust the use of resources when updated load forecasts based on actual load, and market prices change during the day.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,930,070 & US Pub. No. 20100076613 for System, method, and module capable of curtailing energy production within congestive grid operating environments; and US Pub. No. 20110172835 for System and method of curtailing energy production within congestive grid operating environments, assigned on the document face to Kingston Consulting, Inc., describes a method of managing power generation that provides a framework to allow proactive management of alternative energy production through asset monitoring and characterization relative to real-time and anticipated grid conditions, and further describes that the energy management system can perform congestion forecasting, energy output forecasting, proactive curtailments, storage control, dispatch control, real-time pricing, dynamic pricing, or various combinations of features, and a remote monitor and control module that can include on-grid and off-grid control logic, real-time performance monitoring, meteorological data interface, microgrid or asynchronous transmission capabilities, local performance characterization logic, a control panel, or various combinations of features.
US Pub. No. 20110093127—Distributed energy resources manager by inventor Kaplan, describes a distributed energy resources manager that connects electrical assets in an electricity distribution grid with other information processing systems to optimize a flow of electric power within the electricity distribution grid.
Further describes that distributed resources may be utilized to meet system-wide needs such as reducing peak consumption, storing excess utility-scale wind or solar power, responding to price signals including real-time or critical peak pricing, or supply ancillary grid services.
US Pub. No. 20110071882 for Method and system for intermediate to long-term forecasting of electric prices and energy demand for integrated supply-side energy planning, assigned on the document face to International Business Machines Corporation, describes a method of price forecasting in an electrical energy supply network and/or load (energy demand) forecasting of a given consumer of electrical energy, for identifying the optimal mix of energy hedge and exposure to day ahead/spot market prices for deriving economic benefits in overall energy expenditure; and further describes modeling using real time price and day ahead price data and probability distributions.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,480 for Decision support system and method, which was assigned on the document face to Air Liquide Large Industries, describes a computer-implemented method for identifying an excess energy capacity in a production supply chain by a supply chain operator, in which the supply chain operator also operates at least one power generation facility to sustain industrial production by the production supply chain, the supply chain operator is capable of consuming and selling electricity produced by the power generation facility; and further describes that the forecasted price for electricity during a time period is determined by a forecasting and planning model utilizing historical and real-time data, including the real-time commodity prices for electricity.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,583,521 for Energy management system which includes on-site energy supply to inventors Lagod, et al., describes a system for managing the supply of power to a load that receives power from an electric grid, including: at least one on-site power generator that is capable of supplying power to the load independently of the power grid; a controller which processes data relating to at least one factor that is predictive of the reliability and/or quality of power supplied to the load, and selects the power grid or the on-site generator as a preferred power source; and a switch which is responsive to the selection of the preferred power source to connect the load to the selected power source, and further describes that the selection of the preferred power source may be on the basis of relative costs of power supplied via the power grid and the on-site generator; and the relative costs may include data regarding operating costs of the on-site generator, the price of fuel consumed by the on-site generator, and time-of-day pricing (including real time pricing) of power supplied via the power grid.
US Pub. No. 20050015283 for Electric-power-generating-facility operation management support system, electric-power-generating-facility operation management support method, and program for executing support method, and program for executing operation management support method on computer, assigned on the document face to Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, describes an electric-power-generating-facility operation management support system for determining economically-optimal operational conditions based upon real-time information with regard to the demand for the electric power and the price thereof as well as information with regard to properties of the electric power generating facilities.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to power generation and management systems and methods for microgrid applications, including selective, coordinated engagement of emergency power generation equipment, such as, by way of example and not limitation, generators.
It is an object of this invention to provide systems and methods for microgrid distributed power generation and management using emergency power generation equipment that are selectively engaged to provide power supply for distribution and/or storage.
Accordingly, a broad embodiment of this invention is directed to power generation systems and methods that selectively engage and harness emergency power generation equipment to produce electricity for distribution over a microgrid and/or for storage until later distribution. Furthermore, the present invention includes embodiments in systems and methods for coordinated selective activation of emergency power generation equipment over a predetermined geographic area for distribution and/or storage to supply a microgrid of electrical power for a substantially similar geographic area.
These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after a reading of the following description of the preferred embodiment when considered with the drawings, as they support the claimed invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the central controller illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a networked system and remote server computer associated with the systems and methods of the present invention illustrated in the other figures.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
Referring now to the drawings in general, the illustrations are for the purpose of describing a preferred embodiment of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
The present invention provides methods for power generation and management including the steps of: providing power generation systems including at least one piece of equipment for generating electrical power located at predetermined, distributed locations for providing emergency back-up power supply for use in situs (on site or on location of the source of power generation), i.e., without distribution of the electrical power beyond the locality where it is generated; and selectively activating the power generation equipment to produce electricity for distribution over a microgrid and/or for storage until later distribution over the microgrid.
The present invention also provides a system for power generation and management including: a multiplicity of power generation equipment located at predetermined, distributed locations for providing emergency back-up power supply for use in situs, without distribution of the electrical power beyond the locality where it is generated; wherein the equipment is selectively activatable, and constructed and configured in connection with an electrical power microgrid to produce electricity for distribution over the microgrid and/or for storage until later distribution over the microgrid.
Preferably, embodiments of the present invention include systems and methods for coordinating selective activation of a multiplicity of emergency power generation equipment over a predetermined geographic area for distribution and/or storage to supply a microgrid of electrical power for a substantially similar geographic area.
By way of example but not limitation, the systems and methods of the present invention are applied to emergency back-up power generation equipment, specifically gasoline or diesel powered generators, located at cellular tower sites. While typically the generators must be activated at least once per week or so, i.e., for maintenance activation, in order to ensure functionality when the emergency power provided by the generator is needed, due to electrical grid power failure or loss, their activation is arbitrary, and the power generated during the maintenance activation is not harnessed or used in any way.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a system illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. Components of the system provide for operation of a microgrid system constructed and configured for automatically managing electricity generation and releasing by a cell tower emergency power backup generator based on predictive modeling of real time wholesale energy market price, including at least one power generator. Preferably, the at least one power generator includes at least one electricity generator. More preferably, the present invention provides for at least one power generator that is associated with a cell tower for the use of emergency backup during electricity blackout. Furthermore, the at least one power generator may include more than one type of power generator. In one embodiment of the present invention the at least one power generator is selected from the group consisting of solar arrays, natural gas generators, propane generators, diesel generators, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the at least one power generator includes at least two different types of power generating equipment, selected from the group consisting of solar arrays, natural gas generators, propane generators, diesel generators, and combinations thereof. The present invention is constructed and configured to generate electricity for immediate supply through direct connection into a microgrid electrical distribution system. Additionally, in preferred embodiments, the system of the present invention further includes at least one energy storage mechanism or device for providing temporary power storage, for selectively discharging electricity into a microgrid.
For optimization of management of power generation and distribution via the systems and methods of the present invention, in addition to the foregoing, the system further includes the components of a Price Resource Management System (PRMS), including:
a monitoring device that tracks real time wholesale energy market price;
a database for storing wholesale energy market price;
an analyzing device for storing and analyzing wholesale market price data, and on a per power storage device basis, data indicative of the electricity remaining in that specific device;
at least one server computer, located centrally or distributed over a network, the at least one server computer in network communication for monitoring and being responsive to the market price fluctuation analysis, and operable for generating event instructions to a controllable device for releasing electrical power to the power grid for distribution when the market price is at least at a predetermined and/or programmable threshold(s) at which point the power generated is directed to be released and sold to the power grid (note that the power may be generated directly for immediate distribution or for temporary storage before distribution);

a device interface for facilitating and producing communication of power releasing instructions to at lease one controllable device on power storage device;

at lease one controllable device associated with and preferably connected to the at least one power generator and/or electricity storage device, wherein each controllable device is operable for selectively enabling and disabling the flow of electric power from the electric storage to an electric grid, preferably a microgrid, for distribution thereon (public).

In preferred embodiments of the systems and methods of the present invention, the PRMS stores, monitors and analyzes the real time wholesale energy market price for use with predictive modeling for optimized power generation timing, management, storage, and distribution to a microgrid. By using predictive modeling, when wholesale energy market price reaches a predetermined threshold, the PRMS generates instructions to the at least one controllable device associated with each power generator and/or electricity storage device to release and sell power to public power grids.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the invention. Steps of managing power generation and distribution for a microgrid are shown, including providing a power generation system including at least one piece of equipment for generating electrical power located at predetermined, distributed locations for providing emergency back-up power supply for use at the locations of power generation, without distribution of the electrical power beyond the locality where it is generated; and selectively activating the power generation equipment to produce electricity for distribution over a microgrid and/or for storage until later distribution over the microgrid.
FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of the central controller illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a networked system and remote server computer associated with the systems and methods of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 4, a basic schematic of some of the key components of the system including remote server computer and network access to the microgrid distributed power generation equipment, according to the present invention are shown. The system 100 comprises a server 110 with a processing unit 111. The server 110 is constructed, configured and coupled to enable communication over a network 150. The server provides for user interconnection with the server over the network using a personal computer (PC) 140 positioned remotely from the server. Furthermore, the system is operable for a multiplicity of remote personal computers or terminals 160, 170. For example, in a client/server architecture, as shown. Alternatively, a user may interconnect through the network 150 using a user device such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile communication device, such as by way of example and not limitation, a mobile phone, a cell phone, smart phone, laptop computer, netbook, a terminal, or any other computing device suitable for network connection. Also, alternative architectures may be used instead of the client/server architecture. For example, a PC network, or other suitable architecture may be used. The network 150 may be the Internet, an intranet, or any other network suitable for searching, obtaining, and/or using information and/or communications. The system of the present invention further includes an operating system 112 installed and running on the server 110, enabling server 110 to communicate through network 150 with the remote, distributed devices, including controller, monitoring device, power generation equipment, and combinations thereof. The operating system may be any operating system known in the art that is suitable for network communication.
From a microgrid supply described hereinabove, the power may be further distributed over a wider power grid. For the purposes of this application, the ability to provide power generation creates a microgrid on site with the power generation equipment; surplus generation may be further distributed beyond the immediate location of the power generation, i.e., beyond the microgrid created thereby, to a broader electrical power grid, a primary grid, and the like, wherein the electricity supplied thereto is provided by a variety of sources (e.g., an energy company).
Certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the foregoing description. By way of example and not limitation, systems and methods of the present invention for providing microgrid distributed power system from power generators may supply the power directly into a microgrid or may temporarily store the power generated in energy storage mechanisms or apparatus, such as a power cell or battery, wherein the storage is intended to be released at and for at least one predetermined time into the grid, such as peak grid load times, or high energy demand times, or at times that are calculated based upon energy distribution optimization considerations. Also, the present invention systems and methods provide for curtailment applications wherein if the power goes out to the grid, and the emergency back-up power generation has registered with the power company or management entity, then every time the emergency power is generated, then the system provides for automatic credit for that period of self-supplied or self-generated power even where that power is not distributed over the broader grid.
The above-mentioned examples are provided to serve the purpose of clarifying the aspects of the invention and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that they do not serve to limit the scope of the invention. All modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of the present invention.

## Claims

1. A method for power generation and management comprising the steps of:
providing a distributed power generation system including more than one piece of power generation equipment located at predetermined, distributed locations for providing emergency back-up power supply for use, wherein the more than one piece of power generation equipment include more than one type of power generator and at least one energy storage device;
tracking wholesale energy market price in real time;
storing and analyzing wholesale energy market price data;
coordinating selective activation of the more than one piece of the power generation equipment and/or the at least one energy storage device;
wherein the step of coordinating selective activation of the more than one piece of power generation equipment and the at least one energy storage device includes:
generating electric power when a predetermined threshold market price is reached based on predictive modeling of real time wholesale energy market price; and
distributing the electric power over a microgrid for sale directly to the microgrid and/or storing the electric power until later distribution.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method provides for the selective activation of the power generation equipment to occur at times when the electrical grid is undersupplied.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method provides for the selective activation of the power generation equipment to occur during periods when the electrical grid experiences high demand for power supply.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method provides for the selective activation of the power generation equipment on a regular basis at least once per day.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method provides for the selective activation of the power generation equipment on a regular basis at least once per week.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method provides for the selective activation of the power generation equipment on a regular basis at least once per month.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further includes monitoring the status of the equipment and for activating the equipment by a remote server computer in network communication with the at least one piece of equipment.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the more than one type of power generator is selected from the group consisting of solar arrays, natural gas generators, propane generators, diesel generators, and combinations thereof.

9. A system for power generation and management comprising:
a multiplicity of power generation equipment located at predetermined, distributed locations for providing emergency back-up power supply for use in situs, wherein the multiplicity of power generator equipment includes more than one type of power generator and at least one energy storage device;
a price resource management system for optimization of management of power generation and distribution comprising a monitoring device, a database, an analyzing device, and at least one server computer;
wherein the monitoring device is operable to track real time wholesale energy market price; the database is operable to store wholesale energy market price; the analyzing devices is operable to analyze wholesale market price data and the at least one server computer is operable to generate event instructions to a remotely located controller based on market price fluctuation analysis;
wherein the multiplicity of power generation equipment and are operable for coordinated selective activation by the remotely located controller;
wherein the coordinated selective activation of the multiplicity of power generation equipment and the at least one energy storage device includes production and distribution of electricity over a microgrid and/or for storage until later distribution over the microgrid when a predetermined threshold market price is reached based on predictive modeling of real time wholesale energy market price.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the multiplicity of power generation equipment is operable for coordinated, selective activation.

11. The system of claim 9, the multiplicity of power generation equipment are positioned apart over a predetermined geographic area for distribution and/or storage to supply a microgrid of electrical power for a substantially similar geographic area.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein the multiplicity of power generation equipment are selectively activatable at times when the electrical grid is undersupplied.

13. The system of claim 9, wherein the multiplicity of power generation equipment are selectively activatable during periods when the electrical grid experiences high demand for power supply.

14. The system of claim 9, wherein the system provides for the selective activation of the power generation equipment on a regular basis at least once per day.

15. The system of claim 9, wherein the system provides for the selective activation of the power generation equipment on a regular basis at least once per week.

16. The system of claim 9, wherein the system provides for the selective activation of the power generation equipment on a regular basis at least once per month.

17. The system of claim 9, wherein the multiplicity of power generation equipment is selected from the group consisting of solar arrays, natural gas generators, propane generators, diesel generators, and combinations thereof.

18. A system for power generation management comprising:
a microgrid system comprising at least one cell tower emergency power backup generator;
a price resource management system is operable to track and store and analyze real time wholesale market price and generates event instruction to a remotely located controller;
wherein the at least one emergency power backup generator is constructed and configured in network-based communication with the remotely located controller;
wherein the remotely located controller selectively activates the at least one emergency backup power generator based on predictive modeling of real time wholesale energy market price;
wherein the activation of the generator with the remotely located controller includes generation and distribution of electricity for immediate supply through direct connection into a microgrid electrical distribution system for selectively discharging electricity into the microgrid when a predetermined threshold market price is reached.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one cell tower emergency power backup generator is selected from the group consisting of solar arrays, natural gas generators, propane generators, diesel generators, and combinations thereof.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein the microgrid further comprises at least one energy storage device operable to provide temporary power storage and selectively discharge electricity into a microgrid.