HDR1012000160030715971500Milk Production                                        
                                                                                
Milk                                                                            
Production                                                                      
                                                                                
National                                                                        
Agricultural                                                                    
Statistics                                                                      
Service                                                                         
                                                                                
USDA                                                                            
Washington, D.C.                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
Released July 15, 1997, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service         
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture.  For     
information on "Milk Production" call James Hand at (202) 690-3236, office      
hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET.                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                 June Production Up 3.9 Percent                                 
                                                                                
Milk production in the 20 major States during June totaled 11.4 billion         
pounds, up 3.9 percent from production in these same States in June 1996.  May  
revised production, at 11.8 billion pounds was up 2.5 percent from May 1996.    
                                                                                
                                                                                
Production per cow in the 20 major States averaged 1,468 pounds for June,       
70 pounds above June 1996.                                                      
                                                                                
                                                                                
The number of cows on farms in the 20 major States was 7.74 million head,       
82,000 head less than June 1996 but 3,000 head more than May 1997.              
                                                                                
                                                                                
                April-June Production Up 2.4 Percent                            
                                                                                
The quarterly production of milk for the U.S. was 40.6 billion pounds,          
2.4 percent above the April-June period last year.  The average number of milk  
cows in the U.S. during the April-June quarter was 9.25 million head,           
117,000 head less than the same period last year.                               
                                                                                
                                                                                
                  Grain and Other Concentrates Fed                              
                                                                                
Grain and other concentrates fed to milk cows on July 1, 1997 averaged          
19.0 pounds up 0.7 pounds from July 1, 1996, but down 0.5 pounds from           
April 1, 1997.                                                                  
                                                                                
                                                                                
               Value of Grain and Other Concentrates                            
                                                                                
The value of grain and other concentrates fed to milk cows on July 1, 1997      
averaged $8.73 per hundredweight, $1.14 less than July 1, 1997.                 
                                                                                
                                                                                
                              *******                                           
                               Note:                                            
                                                                                
                                                                                
           Annual feed comsumption data in this report.                         
         Milk Cows and Production:  By Quarter, United States,  1996-97         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/       
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Quarter :          :         :         :         :         :         :          
        :  1996    :  1997   :  1996   :  1997   :  1996   :  1997   : Change   
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :from 1996 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    ---- 1,000 ----         Pounds          Million Pounds    Percent  
        :                                                                       
Jan-Mar :    9,397     9,267     4,156     4,200    39,053    38,922      -0.3  
Apr-Jun :    9,369     9,252     4,231     4,386    39,638    40,577       2.4  
Jul-Sep :    9,338               4,035              37,674                      
Oct-Dec :    9,300               4,083              37,966                      
        :                                                                       
Annual  :    9,351              16,505             154,331                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
                                                                                
                                                                                
        Milk Cows and Production:  By Month, 20 Selected States, 1996-97        
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/       
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Month  :          :         :         :         :         :         :          
        :   1996   :  1997   :   1996  :   1997  :   1996  :   1997  : Change   
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :from 1996 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    ---- 1,000 ----         Pounds          Million Pounds    Percent  
        :                                                                       
Jan     :    7,846     7,757     1,415     1,439    11,103    11,163       0.5  
Feb     :    7,828     7,743     1,348     1,331    10,549    10,309      -2.3  
Mar     :    7,822     7,736     1,469     1,501    11,487    11,611       1.1  
Apr     :    7,818     7,731     1,441     1,481    11,265    11,452       1.7  
May     :    7,816     7,733     1,479     1,532    11,560    11,847       2.5  
Jun     :    7,818     7,736     1,398     1,468    10,926    11,357       3.9  
Jul     :    7,815               1,400              10,944                      
Aug     :    7,802               1,382              10,786                      
Sep     :    7,795               1,342              10,459                      
Oct     :    7,788               1,391              10,831                      
Nov     :    7,775               1,350              10,499                      
Dec     :    7,765               1,418              11,013                      
        :                                                                       
Annual  :    7,807              16,833             131,422                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
                                                                                
                                                                                
                 Estimated Milk Production,  United States, 1996-97             
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :           by Month                      Cumulative                    
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Month  :          :         :         :         :         :                    
        :   1996   :   1997  :  Change :  1996   :  1997   :    Change          
        :          :         :from 1996:         :         :   from 1996        
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Million Pounds     Percent    Million Pounds      Percent          
        :                                                                       
Jan     :   13,085    13,133       0.4    13,085    13,133       0.4            
Feb     :   12,431    12,129      -2.4    25,516    25,262      -1.0            
Mar     :   13,537    13,660       0.9    39,053    38,922      -0.3            
Apr     :   13,230    13,409       1.4    52,283    52,331       0.1            
May     :   13,576    13,871       2.2    65,859    66,202       0.5            
Jun     :   12,832    13,297       3.6    78,691    79,499       1.0            
Jul     :   12,809                        91,500                                
Aug     :   12,624                       104,124                                
Sep     :   12,241                       116,365                                
Oct     :   12,714                       129,079                                
Nov     :   12,324                       141,403                                
Dec     :   12,928                       154,331                                
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                                                                                
              Milk Cows and Production:  By State,  June 1996-97                
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/       
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 State  :          :         :         :         :         :         :          
        :   1996   :   1997  :   1996  :  1997   :  1996   :  1997   : Change   
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :from 1996 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    ---- 1,000 ----         Pounds           Million Pounds   Percent  
        :                                                                       
AZ      :      120       128     1,700     1,750       204       224       9.8  
CA      :    1,263     1,288     1,695     1,795     2,141     2,312       8.0  
FL      :      156       161     1,235     1,350       193       217      12.4  
ID      :      255       269     1,570     1,660       400       447      11.8  
IL      :      154       148     1,240     1,320       191       195       2.1  
IN      :      140       140     1,270     1,330       178       186       4.5  
IA      :      249       246     1,285     1,375       320       338       5.6  
KY      :      153       145       940     1,075       144       156       8.3  
MI      :      322       310     1,385     1,490       446       462       3.6  
MN      :      600       585     1,335     1,365       801       799      -0.2  
MO      :      180       173     1,050     1,185       189       205       8.5  
NM      :      194       200     1,630     1,685       316       337       6.6  
NY      :      704       698     1,385     1,410       975       984       0.9  
OH      :      285       281     1,240     1,310       353       368       4.2  
PA      :      643       639     1,360     1,405       874       898       2.7  
TX      :      400       389     1,230     1,205       492       469      -4.7  
VT      :      157       157     1,425     1,405       224       221      -1.3  
VA      :      126       122     1,105     1,215       139       148       6.5  
WA      :      262       265     1,705     1,720       447       456       2.0  
WI      :    1,455     1,392     1,305     1,390     1,899     1,935       1.9  
        :                                                                       
20 State:                                                                       
 Total  :    7,818     7,736     1,398     1,468    10,926    11,357       3.9  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
                                                                                
             Milk Cows and Production:  By State,  May 1996-97 1/               
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Milk Cows  2/   :  Milk per Cow  3/ :     Milk Production 3/       
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 State  :          :         :         :         :         :         :          
        :   1996   :   1997  :   1996  :   1997  :   1996  :   1997  :  Change  
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :from 1996 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    ---- 1,000 ----         Pounds           Million Pounds   Percent  
        :                                                                       
AZ      :      119       128     1,905     1,915       227       245       7.9  
CA      :    1,262     1,284     1,770     1,885     2,234     2,420       8.3  
FL      :      157       162     1,380     1,430       217       232       6.9  
ID      :      252       267     1,590     1,670       401       446      11.2  
IL      :      155       148     1,320     1,350       205       200      -2.4  
IN      :      140       140     1,350     1,380       189       193       2.1  
IA      :      249       247     1,330     1,400       331       346       4.5  
KY      :      155       145     1,085     1,170       168       170       1.2  
MI      :      322       308     1,470     1,540       473       474       0.2  
MN      :      595       585     1,395     1,415       830       828      -0.2  
MO      :      182       173     1,255     1,310       228       227      -0.4  
NM      :      194       200     1,735     1,760       337       352       4.5  
NY      :      703       698     1,450     1,460     1,019     1,019       0.0  
OH      :      285       283     1,360     1,380       388       391       0.8  
PA      :      643       639     1,460     1,480       939       946       0.7  
TX      :      400       389     1,425     1,370       570       533      -6.5  
VT      :      155       156     1,445     1,450       224       226       0.9  
VA      :      126       122     1,245     1,345       157       164       4.5  
WA      :      262       266     1,750     1,770       459       471       2.6  
WI      :    1,460     1,393     1,345     1,410     1,964     1,964       0.0  
        :                                                                       
20 State:                                                                       
 Total  :    7,816     7,733     1,479     1,532    11,560    11,847       2.5  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  1997 revised.  2/ Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.        
3/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
             Milk Cows and Production:  By State and United States              
                        Revised January-March  1996-1997                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :     Jan-Mar Milk Cows 1/     :  Jan-Mar Milk Production 2/ :          
 State  :------------------------------------------------------------: Change   
        :     1996      :     1997     :    1996      :     1997     :from 1996 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :            ---- 1,000 ----            -- Million Pounds --   Percent  
        :                                                                       
AL      :            32             31            127            115      -9.4  
AK      :           0.8            0.8            3.1           3.52      13.5  
AZ      :           118            124            653            709       8.6  
AR      :            59             56            186            176      -5.4  
CA      :         1,260          1,273          6,282          6,574       4.6  
CO      :            83             85            396            422       6.6  
CT      :            31             29            133            123      -7.5  
DE      :           9.7           10.5           37.4             41       9.6  
FL      :           155            160            666            716       7.5  
GA      :            97             97            412            412       0.0  
HI      :           9.6            9.5           33.4           31.7      -5.1  
ID      :           246            266           1073          1,173       9.3  
IL      :           157            149            610            582      -4.6  
IN      :           140            140            550            533      -3.1  
IA      :           250            249            934            960       2.8  
KS      :            85             82            310            330       6.5  
KY      :           157            149            485            469      -3.3  
LA      :            78             78            233            223      -4.3  
ME      :            40             39            161            162       0.6  
MD      :            89             86            338            340       0.6  
MA      :            27             26            111            107      -3.6  
MI      :           323            309          1,380          1,350      -2.2  
MN      :           598            592          2,420          2,361      -2.4  
MS      :            53             48            182            183       0.5  
MO      :           184            174            651            600      -7.8  
MT      :            20             19             75             74      -1.3  
NE      :            69             69            268            265      -1.1  
NV      :            24             26            107            117       9.3  
NH      :            20             19             85             82      -3.5  
NJ      :            23             21             78             75      -3.8  
NM      :           193            198            919            981       6.7  
NY      :           700            700          2,940          2,835      -3.6  
NC      :            83             77            344            325      -5.5  
ND      :            63             59            208            183     -12.0  
OH      :           285            284          1,139          1,124      -1.3  
OK      :            97             97            325            325       0.0  
OR      :            94             92            394            386      -2.0  
PA      :           646            640          2,723          2,651      -2.6  
RI      :           2.1              2              8            8.2       2.5  
SC      :            26             26            105            107       1.9  
SD      :           113            106            375            339      -9.6  
TN      :           119            114            433            422      -2.5  
TX      :           400            390          1,682          1,611      -4.2  
UT      :            90             92            358            376       5.0  
VT      :           157            155            650            636      -2.2  
VA      :           127            124            467            469       0.4  
WA      :           263            266          1,278          1,301       1.8  
WV      :            21             19             68             65      -4.4  
WI      :         1,472          1,404          5,637          5,448      -3.4  
WY      :             6            6.1           20.4           20.7       1.5  
        :                                                                       
US   3/ :         9,397          9,267         39,053         38,922      -0.3  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
3/  Milk cows will not add due to rounding.                                     
                                                                                
            Milk Cows and Production:  By State and United States               
                      Preliminary April-June  1996-97                           
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :     Apr-Jun Milk Cows 1/     :  Apr-Jun Milk Production 2/ :          
 State  :------------------------------------------------------------:  Change  
        :      1996     :     1997     :     1996     :     1997     :from 1996 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :            ---- 1,000 ----            -- Million Pounds --   Percent  
        :                                                                       
AL      :            32             31            115            110      -4.3  
AK      :           0.8            0.9           3.33           3.77      13.2  
AZ      :           119            128            658            720       9.4  
AR      :            58             56            174            174       0.0  
CA      :         1,262          1,284          6,544          7,094       8.4  
CO      :            84             85            413            435       5.3  
CT      :            30             29            128            124      -3.1  
DE      :           9.5           10.9           36.3           42.7      17.6  
FL      :           157            162            631            685       8.6  
GA      :            96             97            382            392       2.6  
HI      :           9.3            9.1           34.6           33.2      -4.0  
ID      :           252            267           1172          1,304      11.3  
IL      :           155            148            602            595      -1.2  
IN      :           140            140            552            562       1.8  
IA      :           249            247            971          1,019       4.9  
KS      :            83             82            300            330      10.0  
KY      :           155            145            480            492       2.5  
LA      :            78             78            222            216      -2.7  
ME      :            40             40            166            169       1.8  
MD      :            86             86            336            342       1.8  
MA      :            27             26            111            109      -1.8  
MI      :           322            308          1,383          1,390       0.5  
MN      :           597            587          2,434          2,415      -0.8  
MS      :            52             47            176            176       0.0  
MO      :           182            173            648            653       0.8  
MT      :            20             19             77             78       1.3  
NE      :            69             70            260            273       5.0  
NV      :            25             26            119            117      -1.7  
NH      :            20             19             85             83      -2.4  
NJ      :            22             21             77             76      -1.3  
NM      :           194            200            975          1,028       5.4  
NY      :           702            698          2,988          2,980      -0.3  
NC      :            81             76            333            316      -5.1  
ND      :            63             57            214            188     -12.1  
OH      :           285            282          1,123          1,134       1.0  
OK      :            98             97            330            330       0.0  
OR      :            93             92            416            415      -0.2  
PA      :           643            639          2,736          2,767       1.1  
RI      :             2              2              8            8.4       5.0  
SC      :            26             26             96            105       9.4  
SD      :           112            106            377            357      -5.3  
TN      :           116            113            415            423       1.9  
TX      :           400            389          1,640          1,543      -5.9  
UT      :            92             93            397            407       2.5  
VT      :           156            156            666            664      -0.3  
VA      :           126            122            453            472       4.2  
WA      :           262            265          1,342          1,378       2.7  
WV      :            20             18             64             67       4.7  
WI      :         1,460          1,393          5,753          5,761       0.1  
WY      :             6            6.1           21.3           21.4       0.5  
        :                                                                       
US   3/ :         9,369          9,252         39,638         40,577       2.4  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
3/  Milk cows will not add due to rounding.                                     
                                                                                
                                                                                
          Grain and Other Concentrates:  Quantity Fed Daily and Value           
                 By State and United States, July 1, 1996-97                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
            :Grain and Other Concentrates : Value per 100 Pounds of Concentrate 
   State    :  Fed Daily per Milk Cow     :   Ration Fed to Milk Cows           
            :------------------------------------------------------------------ 
            :     1996     :    1997      :      1996      :       1997         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
            :        ----- Pounds -----               -------- Dollars -------- 
            :                                                                   
    AL      :       18.4            19.3             10.90                9.60  
    AK      :       19.5            19.5             14.20               14.80  
    AZ      :       21.5            24.0              9.30                7.50  
    AR      :       17.1            17.4             10.10                9.20  
    CA      :       21.0            21.5              9.30                8.40  
    CO      :       21.0            22.5              9.80                8.10  
    CT      :       17.0            16.0             11.40               10.25  
    DE      :       14.6            15.0             10.20                9.80  
    FL      :       25.0            31.0              8.50                7.20  
    GA      :       21.1            22.0             10.10                8.90  
    ID      :       23.0            23.5              9.10                7.80  
    IL      :       15.4            16.5             10.80                9.40  
    IN      :       16.4            16.6             10.10                8.70  
    IA      :       16.4            15.9             10.20                7.85  
    KS      :       19.0            19.0             10.80                8.90  
    KY      :       14.4            16.7             11.00                9.30  
    LA      :       18.7            18.7             10.70                9.65  
    ME      :       15.5            16.0             11.70               10.75  
    MD      :       14.0            15.8             10.60               10.50  
    MA      :       14.0            14.5             11.40               10.90  
    MI      :       18.0            21.0              9.00                8.60  
    MN      :       16.8            17.1             10.20                8.60  
    MS      :       17.1            17.3              9.60                9.50  
    MO      :       17.5            17.5              9.00                8.30  
    MT      :       17.8            17.2              9.30                8.30  
    NE      :       15.5            15.8              9.40                7.00  
    NV      :       21.0            22.0             10.50                9.50  
    NH      :       14.5            15.5             11.70               10.75  
    NJ      :       14.5            14.6             12.60               11.10  
    NM      :       27.0            26.1              8.30                7.55  
    NY      :       14.5            14.7             11.60               10.70  
    NC      :       17.6            17.9             11.30               10.10  
    ND      :       15.6            15.5              8.10                6.35  
    OH      :       16.5            17.7             10.80                9.70  
    OK      :       18.5            19.1             10.00                8.65  
    OR      :       18.0            18.0             10.00                9.80  
    PA      :       16.5            17.0             10.90               10.20  
    RI      :       14.5            15.0             11.00               10.00  
    SC      :       19.5            21.5              9.60                9.15  
    SD      :       15.3            16.1              8.90                7.10  
    TN      :       16.0            16.0             11.40               10.40  
    TX      :       21.7            21.1             10.20                9.00  
    UT      :       17.3            17.1              9.80                8.50  
    VT      :       15.0            15.5             11.40               10.05  
    VA      :       17.7            16.1             10.20                9.50  
    WA      :       20.0            21.0              9.65                8.90  
    WV      :       13.2            15.0             10.80               10.50  
    WI      :       18.8            16.3              8.85                7.80  
    WY      :       12.7            14.2              8.50                7.00  
            :                                                                   
    US      :       18.3            19.0              9.87                8.73  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
      Grain and Other Concentrates:  Quantity Fed Annually and Value            
                     by State and United States, 1995                           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
         :       Annual Quantity       :                :                       
         :      Fed to Milk Cows       : Annual Average :  Annual Average       
  State  :-----------------------------:    Value of    :    Feed Value         
         :  Total  : Per Cow : Per Cwt :    Feed per    :     per Cwt           
         :         :         : of Milk :       Cwt      :     of Milk           
---------:------------------------------------------------------------------    
         :  1,000 Tons  --- Pounds ---      ------- Dollars ------              
         :                                                                      
   AL    :     117     6,950        49      8.56              4.19              
   AK    :       3     7,140        42     13.80              5.84              
   AZ    :     468     8,220        42      7.78              3.30              
   AR    :     202     6,710        55      8.79              4.80              
   CA    :   4,691     7,480        37      7.96              2.95              
   CO    :     332     8,040        43      7.18              3.11              
   CT    :      99     6,250        38      9.01              3.43              
   DE    :      30     5,950        41      8.92              3.63              
   FL    :     726     8,970        61      7.43              4.54              
   GA    :     437     8,710        56      7.92              4.40              
   ID    :     949     8,170        45      7.16              3.26              
   IL    :     489     6,090        41      8.10              3.30              
   IN    :     453     6,300        41      7.79              3.21              
   IA    :     790     6,290        39      7.06              2.74              
   KS    :     288     7,050        49      7.52              3.68              
   KY    :     485     5,990        48      8.76              4.20              
   LA    :     268     6,760        59      8.35              4.96              
   ME    :     117     5,930        37      9.09              3.33              
   MD    :     255     5,600        38      8.76              3.32              
   MA    :      80     5,760        36      9.05              3.27              
   MI    :   1,058     6,490        38      7.24              2.77              
   MN    :   1,930     6,440        41      7.58              3.11              
   MS    :     177     6,450        50      8.28              4.11              
   MO    :     661     6,940        49      7.91              3.86              
   MT    :      64     6,150        41      7.33              3.03              
   NE    :     228     6,210        42      7.38              3.07              
   NV    :      88     7,430        41      8.18              3.36              
   NH    :      60     6,030        37      8.94              3.31              
   NJ    :      63     5,430        39      8.69              3.36              
   NM    :     904     9,480        50      6.62              3.31              
   NY    :   1,973     5,610        34      9.24              3.16              
   NC    :     288     6,690        41      9.04              3.73              
   ND    :     194     6,020        46      6.20              2.82              
   OH    :     919     6,370        40      8.30              3.33              
   OK    :     353     7,250        54      8.12              4.39              
   OR    :     353     7,260        42      9.05              3.79              
   PA    :   1,908     5,940        36      9.33              3.38              
   RI    :       6     5,610        38      9.11              3.45              
   SC    :      92     6,950        48      8.03              3.83              
   SD    :     364     6,160        46      6.67              3.06              
   TN    :     394     6,230        45      9.10              4.06              
   TX    :   1,618     8,080        53      7.32              3.87              
   UT    :     287     6,530        39      7.78              3.05              
   VT    :     458     5,840        36      9.01              3.25              
   VA    :     380     5,900        39      8.83              3.40              
   WA    :   1,005     7,570        38      8.18              3.14              
   WV    :      58     5,450        43      9.12              3.92              
   WI    :   4,821     6,470        42      6.98              2.94              
   WY    :      14     4,650        33      6.84              2.29              
         :                                                                      
   US 1/ :  31,997     6,771      41.2      7.88              3.25              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
1/  Will not add due to rounding.                                               
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Grain and Other Concentrates:  Quantity Fed Annually and Value             
                 by State and United States, 1996                               
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
         :       Annual Quantity       :                :                       
         :      Fed to Milk Cows       : Annual Average :  Annual Average       
  State  :-----------------------------:    Value of    :    Feed Value         
         :  Total  : Per Cow : Per Cwt :    Feed per    :     per Cwt           
         :         :         : of Milk :       Cwt      :     of Milk           
---------:------------------------------------------------------------------    
         :  1,000 Tons  --- Pounds ---      ------- Dollars ------              
         :                                                                      
AL       :     107     6,780        50     10.12              5.04              
AK       :       3     7,090        42     14.18              5.95              
AZ       :     459     7,620        37      8.75              3.25              
AR       :     190     6,630        55      9.68              5.34              
CA       :   4,652     7,360        36      8.92              3.22              
CO       :     325     7,780        40      8.86              3.58              
CT       :      94     6,300        38     10.95              4.18              
DE       :      27     5,500        38      9.44              3.54              
FL       :     721     9,230        60      8.18              4.93              
GA       :     409     8,430        55      9.54              5.27              
ID       :   1,090     8,510        46      8.20              3.78              
IL       :     467     6,060        40      9.40              3.77              
IN       :     434     6,190        40      9.26              3.71              
IA       :     746     5,970        39      8.72              3.42              
KS       :     289     7,020        48      9.38              4.49              
KY       :     457     5,960        49     10.23              5.01              
LA       :     272     6,980        65     10.06              6.58              
ME       :     116     5,830        36     11.02              3.92              
MD       :     238     5,510        36      9.76              3.55              
MA       :      76     5,660        35     10.88              3.85              
MI       :   1,086     6,790        40      8.29              3.33              
MN       :   1,885     6,310        40      9.06              3.59              
MS       :     169     6,610        51      9.46              4.82              
MO       :     598     6,680        49      9.04              4.41              
MT       :      63     6,290        41      8.54              3.54              
NE       :     210     6,090        40      8.32              3.31              
NV       :      97     7,710        41      9.69              3.95              
NH       :      58     5,970        35     10.86              3.85              
NJ       :      60     5,400        40     11.51              4.58              
NM       :     953     9,800        51      7.88              4.00              
NY       :   1,901     5,420        33     10.92              3.63              
NC       :     270     6,680        42     10.54              4.42              
ND       :     186     5,970        46      7.22              3.29              
OH       :     897     6,290        41      9.60              3.93              
OK       :     344     7,120        55      9.44              5.18              
OR       :     322     6,920        40      9.82              3.96              
PA       :   2,021     6,280        38     10.46              3.97              
RI       :       6     5,460        35     10.72              3.77              
SC       :      99     7,620        52      9.33              4.81              
SD       :     338     6,050        46      7.92              3.63              
TN       :     356     6,130        44     10.76              4.79              
TX       :   1,620     8,150        53      9.38              4.94              
UT       :     286     6,290        37      9.19              3.44              
VT       :     454     5,810        35     10.89              3.81              
VA       :     362     5,730        40     10.16              4.11              
WA       :     976     7,400        37      9.36              3.42              
WV       :      52     5,170        41     10.42              4.28              
WI       :   4,809     6,640        43      8.21              3.51              
WY       :      15     4,780        34      7.91              2.72              
         :                                                                      
US 1/    :  31,665     6,777      41.1      9.17              3.77              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
1/  Will not add due to rounding.                                               
                                                                                
                       Reliability Statement                                    
                                                                                
Survey Procedures:  Primary data used to determine these estimates were         
                    obtained from a sample of producers.  Individual States     
maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of      
their herd.  States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their     
lists are as complete as possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample  
of small producers are included in the survey.  Questionnaires are mailed to    
producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first day of the     
month. Additional reports are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement   
the mail response.                                                              
                                                                                
                                                                                
Estimation Procedures:  State offices prepare these estimates using survey      
                        indications, historic trends, and any available         
administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the             
Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness.                               
                                                                                
                                                                                
Revision Policy:  Milk production, rate per cow, and number of cows are         
                  subject to revision the following month for monthly States    
or the following quarter for the quarterly States.  Normally, Federal Market    
Order sales are the main basis for revisions. However, data for all orders are  
not available in time for this revision.  Estimates are again subject to        
revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data.  In    
the event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible   
in February the following year.  Estimates are again reviewed after data from   
the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after  
that date.                                                                      
                                                                                
                                                                                
Reliability:  Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the   
              sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability.     
Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions,       
duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data.    
The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly.  They are minimized    
through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a     
careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness.         
                                                                                
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report,  
the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items on the next page. The  
"Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance     
and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates.  The   
"Root Mean Square Error" for milk cow inventory estimates over the past 10      
quarters is 1.1 percent.  This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the       
final April-June estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of    
9.25 million head by more than 1.1 percent, or about 102,000 head.  Chances     
are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 2.1 percent, or about       
194,000 head (the 90 percent confidence level).                                 
                Reliability of April-June Milk Estimates 1/                     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
             :        :              :    Difference Between    :               
             :        :              :      First and Final     :    Number of  
             :  Root  :     90%      :         Estimates  1/    :    Quarters   
    Item     :  Mean  :  Confidence  :------------------------------------------
             : Square :    Level     :        :         :       : First : First 
             :  Error :              : Average: Smallest:Largest: Above : Below 
             :        :              :        :         :       : Final : Final 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             :   - Percent -     ---------- Mil Lbs. ----------     - Number -  
             :                                                                  
Milk         :   0.5      1.0     406     172       22      426      8       2  
  Production :                                                                  
             :                  --------- 1,000 Head ----------                 
                                                                                
             :                                                                  
All Milk     :   1.1      2.1     194      95        8      188     10       0  
  Cows       :                                                                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Based on records for the past 10 April-June quarters.                       
                                                                                
                                                                                
The next "Milk Production" report will be released at 3 P.M. ET on              
August 14, 1997.                                                                
                                                                                
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