HDR1012000160030315951500MILK PRODUCTION
HDR2012000160030315951500MILK PRODUCTION HIGHLIGHTS
Released March 15, 1995, by the Agricultural Statistics Board.

                      February Milk Production Up 4 Percent

Milk production in the 22 major States during February totaled 10.4 billion
pounds, 4 percent above production in these same States in February 1994.
January revised production, at 11.3 billion pounds, was 4 percent more than
January 1994.

Production per cow in the 22 major States averaged 1,287 pounds for February,
51 pounds above February 1994.

The number of cows on farms in the 22 major States was 8.09 million head,
7,000 head more than February 1994 but 1,000 head less than January 1995.

During the October-December period, the 22 major States produced 32.7 billion
pounds of milk, 86.2 percent of the U.S. production. If the remaining 28 States
not surveyed monthly followed the same pattern as the 22 States, the U.S.
production would be 12.1 billion pounds for February 1995.

                                     Notice

Monthly estimates are published for New Mexico beginning with the February 1995
issue.  To facilitate year to year comparisons, monthly estimates for both 1994
and 1995 include New Mexico.

For information call Doyle Fuchs at (202) 720-4447.  Office hours are
8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET.

Da 1-1 (3-95)
HDR2012000160030315951500MLK COWS & PROD.: BY QTR., US 94-95
         Milk Cows and Production:  By Quarter, United States,  1994-95
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------
Quarter :          :         :         :         :         :         : 1995 as
        :  1994    :  1995   :  1994   :  1995   :  1994   :  1995   :   % of
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :   1994
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :    ---- 1,000 ----        Pounds         Million Pounds      Percent
        :
Jan-Mar :    9,506               3,951              37,560
Apr-Jun :    9,530               4,188              39,916
Jul-Sep :    9,539               4,007              38,217
Oct-Dec :    9,524               3,982              37,928
        :
Annual  :    9,525              16,128             153,622
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Includes dry cows.  Excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.

HDR2012000160030315951500MLK COWS & PROD.: BY MO., 22 SELEC. STS 94-95
         Milk Cows and Production:  By Month, 22 Selected States, 1994-95
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Month  :          :         :         :         :         :         : 1995 as
        :  1994    :  1995   :  1994   :  1995   :  1994   :  1995   :   % of
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :   1994
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :    ---- 1,000 ----        Pounds         Million Pounds      Percent
        :
Jan     :    8,092     8,090     1,343     1,394    10,870    11,280       104
Feb     :    8,082     8,089     1,236     1,287     9,990    10,413       104
Mar     :    8,074               1,401              11,315
Apr     :    8,080               1,396              11,282
May     :    8,097               1,457              11,799
Jun     :    8,107               1,388              11,249
Jul     :    8,104               1,389              11,260
Aug     :    8,108               1,369              11,102
Sep     :    8,109               1,318              10,689
Oct     :    8,104               1,354              10,970
Nov     :    8,098               1,312              10,624
Dec     :    8,094               1,370              11,090
        :
Annual  :    8,096              16,334             132,240
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Includes dry cows.  Excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
HDR2012000160030315951500MLK COWS & PROD.: BY ST., FEBRUARY 94-95
          Milk Cows and Production:  By State,  February 1994-95
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------
 State  :          :         :         :         :         :         : 1995 as
        :  1994    :  1995   :  1994   :  1995   :  1994   :  1995   :   % of
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :   1994
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :    ---- 1,000 ----        Pounds         Million Pounds      Percent
        :
CA      :    1,223     1,252     1,490     1,520     1,822     1,903       104
FL      :      176       168     1,290     1,320       227       222        98
ID      :      197       221     1,280     1,360       252       301       119
IL      :      165       163     1,210     1,260       200       205       103
IN      :      145       145     1,210     1,200       175       174        99
IA      :      264       262     1,175     1,195       310       313       101
KY      :      172       163       885       965       152       157       103
MD      :       95        92     1,115     1,195       106       110       104
MI      :      329       326     1,245     1,305       410       425       104
MN      :      620       600     1,195     1,245       741       747       101
MO      :      198       193     1,040     1,115       206       215       104
NM      :      155       174     1,555     1,569       241       273       113
NY      :      722       706     1,200     1,240       866       875       101
NC      :       91        89     1,320     1,340       120       119        99
OH      :      299       289     1,175     1,260       351       364       104
PA      :      637       641     1,240     1,280       790       820       104
TN      :      159       159       970     1,030       154       164       106
TX      :      400       398     1,260     1,280       504       509       101
VT      :      160       156     1,180     1,240       189       193       102
VA      :      130       129     1,160     1,285       151       166       110
WA      :      256       263     1,505     1,560       385       410       106
WI      :    1,489     1,500     1,100     1,165     1,638     1,748       107
        :
22-State:
 Total  :    8,082     8,089     1,236     1,287     9,990    10,413       104
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Includes dry cows.  Excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
HDR2012000160030315951500MLK COWS & PROD.: BY ST., JANUARY 94-95
            Milk Cows and Production:  By State,  January 1994-95 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :    Milk Cows  2/   :  Milk per Cow  3/ :     Milk Production 3/
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------
 State  :          :         :         :         :         :         : 1995 as
        :  1994    :  1995     1994    :  1995     1994    :  1995   :   % of
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :   1994
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        :    ---- 1,000 ----        Pounds         Million Pounds      Percent
        :
CA      :    1,220     1,250     1,630     1,670     1,989     2,088       105
FL      :      175       168     1,340     1,375       235       231        98
ID      :      195       220     1,430     1,490       279       328       118
IL      :      166       163     1,290     1,270       214       207        97
IN      :      145       145     1,310     1,280       190       186        98
IA      :      265       265     1,230     1,295       326       343       105
KY      :      173       163       990     1,060       171       173       101
MD      :       95        92     1,240     1,305       115       120       104
MI      :      329       326     1,370     1,425       451       465       103
MN      :      620       600     1,295     1,345       803       807       100
MO      :      200       195     1,130     1,210       226       236       104
NM      :      150       174     1,693     1,695       254       295       116
NY      :      724       708     1,315     1,355       952       959       101
NC      :       91        89     1,420     1,440       129       128        99
OH      :      300       290     1,285     1,340       386       389       101
PA      :      640       639     1,340     1,390       858       888       103
TN      :      160       160       990     1,030       158       165       104
TX      :      400       399     1,335     1,370       534       547       102
VT      :      161       156     1,305     1,355       210       211       100
VA      :      130       129     1,285     1,350       167       174       104
WA      :      258       259     1,635     1,705       422       442       105
WI      :    1,495     1,500     1,205     1,265     1,801     1,898       105
        :
22-State:
 Total  :    8,092     8,090     1,343     1,394    10,870    11,280       104
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  1994 and 1995 revised.  2/ Includes dry cows.  Excludes heifers not yet
    fresh.  3/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.
HDR2012000160030315951500RELIABILITY STATEMENT
Survey Procedures:  Primary data used to determine these estimates were
                    obtained from a sample of producers. Individual States
maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of
their herd.  States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their
lists are as complete as possible.  About 20,000 producers are sampled in
January and data are collected from about 10,000 respondents.  There are
about 7,300 respondents in each of the remaining quarters.  Generally, all
large producers and a sample of small producers are included in the
survey.  Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end of the month
to obtain data for the first day of the month.  Additional reports are obtained
by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response.

Estimation Procedures:  State offices prepare these estimates using survey
                        indications, historic trends, and any available
administrative data.  Individual State estimates are reviewed by the
Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness.

Revision Policy:  Milk production, rate per cow, and number of cows are
                  subject to revision the following month for monthly States or
the following quarter for the quarterly States.  Normally, Federal Market Order
sales are the main basis for revisions. However, data for all orders are not
available in time for this revision.  Estimates are again subject to revisions
in February each year based on additional administrative data.  In the event
that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible in February
the following year.  Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year
Census of Agriculture, conducted by the Department of Commerce, are available.
No revisions are made after that date.

Reliability:  Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in
              the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling
variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as
omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and
processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured
directly.  They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data
collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for
consistency and reasonableness.

To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this
report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the
table below. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on
past performance and is computed using the differences between first and
final estimates.  The "Root Mean Square Error" for milk cow inventory
estimates over the past 10 quarters is 0.6 percent.  This means that
chances are 2 out of 3 that the final October-December estimate will not be
above or below the current estimate of 9.52 million head by more than 0.6
percent, or about 57,000 head.  Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will
not exceed 1.0 percent, or about 95,000 head (the 90 percent confidence level).
HDR2012000160030315951500RELIABILITY TABLE
                Reliability of October-December Milk Estimates 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             :        :              :    Difference Between    :
             :        :              :      First and Final     :    Number of
             :  Root  :     90%      :         Estimates  1/    :    Quarters
    Item     :  Mean  :  Confidence  :------------------------------------------
             : Square :    Level     :        :         :       : First : First
             :  Error :              : Average: Smallest:Largest: Above : Below
             :        :              :        :         :       : Final : Final
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             :   - Percent -     ---------- Mil Lbs. ----------     - Number -
             :
Milk         :    0.7    1.2     455       172        7      565     9       1
  Production :
             :                  --------- 1,000 Head ----------

             :
All Milk     :    0.6    1.0      95        44        4      126    10       0
  Cows       :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Based on records for the past 10 October-December quarters.
HDR2012000160030315951500NEXT RPTG. DATE & EEO STATEMENT
The next "Milk Production" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on
April 13, 1995.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in
its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age,
disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status.  Persons with
disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program
information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the
USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD).

To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C.,
20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD).  USDA is an equal
employment opportunity employer.
