HDR1012000160030715961500Milk Production                                        
                                                                                
Released July 15, 1996, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service         
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture.  For     
information on "Milk Production" call Kevin Hintzman at (202) 720-4448, office  
hours 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET.  For assistance with general agricultural      
statistics, information about NASS, its products or services, contact the NASS  
Information Hotline at 1-800-727-9540 or E-mail: NASS@NASS.USDA.GOV.            
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                    June Milk Production Down 3 Percent                         
                                                                                
                                                                                
Milk production in the 22 major States during June totaled 11.2 billion         
pounds, 3 percent below production in these same States in June 1995. May       
revised production, at 11.7 billion pounds was 2 percent less than May 1995.    
On a daily basis, milk production has been below 1995 levels every month this   
year.                                                                           
                                                                                
                                                                                
Production per cow in the 22 major States averaged 1,401 pounds for June,       
20 pounds below June 1995.  This is the second month in a row that the rate     
has                                                                             
decreased when compared to a year ago.                                          
                                                                                
                                                                                
The number of cows on farms in the 22 major States was 7.98 million head,       
87,000 head less than June 1995 and 8,000 head less than May 1996.              
                                                                                
                                                                                
During the April-June period, the 22 major States produced 34.4 billion         
pounds of milk, 86.2 percent of the U.S. production.  If the remaining 28       
States                                                                          
not surveyed monthly followed the same pattern as the 22 States, the U.S.       
production would be 13.3 billion pounds for April 1996, 13.6 billion pounds     
for                                                                             
May 1996, 13.0 billion pounds for June 1996.                                    
                                                                                
                                                                                
             April-June Milk Production Down 2 Percent                          
                                                                                
The quarterly production of milk for the U.S. was 39.9 billion pounds, 2        
percent                                                                         
below the April-June period last year.  The average number of milk cows in the  
U.S. during the April-June quarter was 9.38 million head, 100,000 head less     
than                                                                            
the same period last year.                                                      
                                                                                
                                                                                
                 Grain and Other Concentrates Fed                               
                                                                                
Grain and other concentrates fed to milk cows on July 1, 1996, averaged         
18.3  pounds  unchanged from July 1, 1995, but down 0.3 pounds from             
April 1, 1996.                                                                  
                                                                                
                                                                                
               Value of Grain and Other Concentrates                            
                                                                                
The value of grain and other concentrates fed to milk cows on July 1, 1996      
averaged a record high of $9.87 per hundredweight, $2.21 or 29 percent more     
than                                                                            
the price on July 1, 1995.                                                      
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
Da 1-1 (7-96)                                                                   
                                                                                
         Milk Cows and Production:  By Quarter, United States,  1995-96         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/       
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Quarter :          :         :         :         :         :         : 1996 as  
        :   1995   :  1996   :  1995   :  1996   :  1995   :  1996   :   % of   
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :   1995   
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    ---- 1,000 ----         Pounds          Million Pounds    Percent  
        :                                                                       
Jan-Mar :    9,470     9,402     4,112     4,160    38,941    39,111       100  
Apr-Jun :    9,477     9,377     4,276     4,250    40,520    39,851        98  
Jul-Sep :    9,465               4,049              38,325                      
Oct-Dec :    9,432               4,014              37,857                      
        :                                                                       
Annual  :    9,461              16,451             155,644                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
        Milk Cows and Production:  By Month, 22 Selected States, 1995-96        
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/       
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Month  :          :         :         :         :         :         : 1996 as  
        :   1995   :   1996  :  1995   :  1996   :  1995   :  1996   :   % of   
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :   1995   
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    ---- 1,000 ----         Pounds          Million Pounds    Percent  
        :                                                                       
Jan     :    8,046     8,026     1,404     1,406    11,296    11,285       100  
Feb     :    8,050     8,010     1,295     1,338    10,423    10,719       103  
Mar     :    8,061     7,998     1,453     1,459    11,709    11,671       100  
Apr     :    8,058     7,988     1,427     1,434    11,501    11,451       100  
May     :    8,056     7,987     1,484     1,470    11,959    11,740        98  
Jun     :    8,066     7,979     1,421     1,401    11,465    11,175        97  
Jul     :    8,062               1,414              11,397                      
Aug     :    8,062               1,375              11,086                      
Sep     :    8,061               1,331              10,729                      
Oct     :    8,050               1,364              10,978                      
Nov     :    8,043               1,320              10,616                      
Dec     :    8,034               1,380              11,088                      
        :                                                                       
Annual  :    8,054              16,668             134,247                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
               Milk Cows and Production:  By State,  June 1995-96               
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Milk Cows  1/   :  Milk per Cow  2/ :     Milk Production 2/       
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 State  :          :         :         :         :         :         : 1996 as  
        :   1995   :  1996   :  1995   :  1996   :  1995   :  1996   :   % of   
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :   1995   
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    ---- 1,000 ----          Pounds         Million Pounds    Percent  
        :                                                                       
CA      :    1,254     1,262     1,695     1,705     2,126     2,152       101  
FL      :      162       156     1,220     1,220       198       190        96  
ID      :      232       252     1,530     1,560       355       393       111  
IL      :      163       160     1,340     1,330       218       213        98  
IN      :      144       140     1,290     1,300       186       182        98  
IA      :      251       249     1,365     1,285       343       320        93  
KY      :      163       154     1,060       985       173       152        88  
MD      :       93        87     1,195     1,220       111       106        95  
MI      :      326       326     1,465     1,405       478       458        96  
MN      :      600       595     1,370     1,365       822       812        99  
MO      :      191       180     1,200     1,100       229       198        86  
NM      :      196       194     1,585     1,690       311       328       105  
NY      :      702       704     1,430     1,410     1,004       993        99  
NC      :       86        83     1,365     1,260       117       105        90  
OH      :      289       285     1,370     1,300       396       371        94  
PA      :      639       643     1,400     1,360       895       874        98  
TN      :      127       114     1,150     1,070       146       122        84  
TX      :      402       400     1,255     1,285       505       514       102  
VT      :      157       157     1,375     1,355       216       213        99  
VA      :      129       126     1,240     1,130       160       142        89  
WA      :      268       262     1,695     1,700       454       445        98  
WI      :    1,492     1,450     1,355     1,305     2,022     1,892        94  
        :                                                                       
22 State:                                                                       
 Total  :    8,066     7,979     1,421     1,401    11,465    11,175        97  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
              Milk Cows and Production:  By State,  May 1995-96 1/              
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    Milk Cows  2/   :  Milk per Cow  3/ :     Milk Production 3/       
        :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 State  :          :         :         :         :         :         : 1996 as  
        :   1995   :  1996   :  1995   :  1996   :  1995   :  1996   :   % of   
        :          :         :         :         :         :         :   1995   
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :    ---- 1,000 ----         Pounds          Million Pounds    Percent  
        :                                                                       
CA      :    1,253     1,262     1,775     1,770     2,224     2,234       100  
FL      :      162       157     1,315     1,375       213       216       101  
ID      :      229       250     1,560     1,580       357       395       111  
IL      :      163       160     1,380     1,400       225       224       100  
IN      :      144       140     1,380     1,350       199       189        95  
IA      :      251       249     1,410     1,330       354       331        94  
KY      :      163       155     1,140     1,085       186       168        90  
MD      :       93        87     1,320     1,310       123       114        93  
MI      :      326       326     1,510     1,470       492       479        97  
MN      :      595       595     1,430     1,400       851       833        98  
MO      :      194       182     1,300     1,305       252       238        94  
NM      :      190       194     1,695     1,735       322       337       105  
NY      :      704       703     1,460     1,450     1,028     1,019        99  
NC      :       87        83     1,480     1,430       129       119        92  
OH      :      289       285     1,425     1,400       412       399        97  
PA      :      639       643     1,470     1,460       939       939       100  
TN      :      129       115     1,240     1,220       160       140        88  
TX      :      400       400     1,380     1,425       552       570       103  
VT      :      156       156     1,430     1,415       223       221        99  
VA      :      129       126     1,350     1,240       174       156        90  
WA      :      266       262     1,755     1,750       467       459        98  
WI      :    1,494     1,457     1,390     1,345     2,077     1,960        94  
        :                                                                       
22 State:                                                                       
 Total  :    8,056     7,987     1,484     1,470    11,959    11,740        98  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  1996 revised.  2/ Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.        
3/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
                                                                                
             Milk Cows and Production:  By State and United States              
                        Revised January-March  1995-96                          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :     Jan-Mar Milk Cows 1/     :  Jan-Mar Milk Production 2/ :  1996    
 State  :------------------------------------------------------------: as % of  
        :     1995      :     1996     :    1995      :     1996     :  1995    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :            ---- 1,000 ----            -- Million Pounds --   Percent  
        :                                                                       
AL      :            35             32            138            126        91  
AK      :           0.7            0.8            2.8            3.1       111  
AZ      :           113            118            590            639       108  
AR      :            61             59            189            186        98  
CA      :         1,251          1,260          6,197          6,276       101  
CO      :            83             83            386            396       103  
CT      :            32             31            137            132        96  
DE      :            10            9.7           39.2           36.5        93  
FL      :           167            155            683            657        96  
GA      :           102             97            433            410        95  
HI      :          10.4             10           36.7           33.3        91  
ID      :           221            246            968          1,073       111  
IL      :           163            160            637            647       102  
IN      :           145            140            554            550        99  
IA      :           251            250          1,001            934        93  
KS      :            81             85            305            310       102  
KY      :           163            156            512            486        95  
LA      :            80             78            258            235        91  
ME      :            39             40            157            162       103  
MD      :            92             89            349            345        99  
MA      :            28             27            112            110        98  
MI      :           326            327          1,383          1,394       101  
MN      :           600            598          2,391          2,441       102  
MS      :            56             53            201            181        90  
MO      :           194            184            702            666        95  
MT      :            21             20             77             75        97  
NE      :            74             69            272            268        99  
NV      :            24             23          105.6          101.2        96  
NH      :            19             20             79             86       109  
NJ      :            23             23             84             83        99  
NM      :           179            193            888            919       103  
NY      :           707            700          2,851          2,951       104  
NC      :            89             85            380            363        96  
ND      :            65             63            207            208       100  
OH      :           289            285          1,159          1,128        97  
OK      :            98             97            333            325        98  
OR      :            98             94            417            396        95  
PA      :           640            646          2,631          2,723       103  
RI      :           2.2              2            8.2            7.9        96  
SC      :            27             26            108            104        96  
SD      :           120            113            394            375        95  
TN      :           130            119            462            425        92  
TX      :           399            400          1,646          1,682       102  
UT      :            87             90            353            358       101  
VT      :           156            157            621            641       103  
VA      :           129            127            506            466        92  
WA      :           261            263          1,294          1,277        99  
WV      :            22             21             70             68        97  
WI      :         1,499          1,470          5,613          5,631       100  
WY      :             6              6           20.7           21.3       103  
        :                                                                       
US   3/ :         9,470          9,402         38,941         39,111       100  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
3/  Milk cows will not add due to rounding.                                     
             Milk Cows and Production:  By State and United States              
                        Preliminary April-June  1995-96                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :     Apr-Jun Milk Cows 1/     :  Apr-Jun Milk Production 2/ :  1996    
 State  :------------------------------------------------------------: as % of  
        :      1995     :     1996     :     1995     :     1996     :  1995    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        :            ---- 1,000 ----            -- Million Pounds --   Percent  
        :                                                                       
AL      :            34             32            131            114        87  
AK      :           0.7            0.8           2.98           3.43       115  
AZ      :           115            122            597            681       114  
AR      :            61             58            195            174        89  
CA      :         1,253          1,262          6,478          6,555       101  
CO      :            83             84            391            416       106  
CT      :            32             31            134            128        96  
DE      :            10             10           37.7           38.6       102  
FL      :           163            157            633            626        99  
GA      :           101             96            420            379        90  
HI      :          10.6            9.3           39.5           34.6        88  
ID      :           229            250          1,050          1,158       110  
IL      :           163            160            666            656        98  
IN      :           144            140            575            556        97  
IA      :           251            249          1,038            971        94  
KS      :            81             83            305            295        97  
KY      :           163            155            544            488        90  
LA      :            79             78            243            225        93  
ME      :            40             40            165            166       101  
MD      :            93             87            353            334        95  
MA      :            28             28            114            112        98  
MI      :           326            326          1,439          1,406        98  
MN      :           597            595          2,485          2,451        99  
MS      :            56             52            195            176        90  
MO      :           193            182            735            672        91  
MT      :            21             20             81             77        95  
NE      :            74             69            276            258        93  
NV      :            24             24          110.4          110.4       100  
NH      :            20             20             84             87       104  
NJ      :            23             23             83             83       100  
NM      :           190            194            942            987       105  
NY      :           704            702          3,012          3,006       100  
NC      :            87             83            376            346        92  
ND      :            65             63            221            214        97  
OH      :           289            285          1,210          1,163        96  
OK      :            98             98            333            330        99  
OR      :            98             93            436            415        95  
PA      :           639            643          2,741          2,736       100  
RI      :           2.2              2            8.5            7.9        93  
SC      :            27             26            104             98        94  
SD      :           118            112            422            377        89  
TN      :           129            115            468            406        87  
TX      :           401            400          1,617          1,662       103  
UT      :            88             92            378            399       106  
VT      :           156            156            654            649        99  
VA      :           129            126            506            455        90  
WA      :           267            262          1,367          1,340        98  
WV      :            21             20             67             64        96  
WI      :         1,494          1,456          6,036          5,743        95  
WY      :           6.1            6.1           21.4           21.7       101  
        :                                                                       
US  3/  :         9,477          9,377         40,520         39,851        98  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1/  Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.                          
2/  Excludes milk sucked by calves.                                             
3/  Milk cows will not add due to rounding.                                     
           Grain and Other Concentrates:  Quantity Fed Daily and Value          
                   By State and United States, July 1, 1995-96                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
            :Grain and Other Concentrates : Value per 100 Pounds of Concentrate 
   State    :  Fed Daily per Milk Cow     :   Ration Fed to Milk Cows           
            :------------------------------------------------------------------ 
            :     1995     :    1996      :      1995      :       1996         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
            :        ----- Pounds -----               -------- Dollars -------- 
            :                                                                   
    AL      :       18.5            18.4              8.30               10.90  
    AK      :       19.5            19.5             13.80               14.20  
    AZ      :       21.0            21.5              7.30                9.30  
    AR      :       18.0            17.1              7.90               10.10  
    CA      :       21.0            21.0              7.50                9.30  
    CO      :       22.0            21.0              6.80                9.80  
    CT      :       16.5            17.0              8.90               11.40  
    DE      :       16.5            14.6              9.00               10.20  
    FL      :       25.0            25.0              6.75                8.50  
    GA      :       23.0            21.1              7.50               10.10  
    ID      :       24.0            23.0              7.20                9.10  
    IL      :       17.3            15.4              8.25               10.80  
    IN      :       17.0            16.4              7.90               10.10  
    IA      :       16.8            16.4              7.20               10.20  
    KS      :       19.0            19.0              6.90               10.80  
    KY      :       16.0            14.4              8.80               11.00  
    LA      :       17.0            18.7              8.10               10.70  
    ME      :       16.0            15.5              8.50               11.70  
    MD      :       14.2            14.0              9.05               10.60  
    MA      :       15.0            14.0              8.80               11.40  
    MI      :       17.5            18.0              6.95                9.00  
    MN      :       16.8            16.8              7.70               10.20  
    MS      :       17.2            17.1              8.10                9.60  
    MO      :       18.0            17.5              7.80                9.00  
    MT      :       16.3            17.8              7.25                9.30  
    NE      :       17.0            15.5              7.40                9.40  
    NV      :       20.0            21.0              7.80               10.50  
    NH      :       16.5            14.5              8.40               11.70  
    NJ      :       14.4            14.5              8.90               12.60  
    NM      :       27.0            27.0              6.30                8.30  
    NY      :       14.9            14.5              9.10               11.60  
    NC      :       17.9            17.6              8.70               11.30  
    ND      :       15.9            15.6              5.95                8.10  
    OH      :       18.3            16.5              8.30               10.80  
    OK      :       19.5            18.5              7.80               10.00  
    OR      :       19.5            18.0              8.90               10.00  
    PA      :       16.0            16.5              9.25               10.90  
    RI      :       15.5            14.5              9.00               11.00  
    SC      :       18.5            19.5              7.85                9.60  
    SD      :       16.6            15.3              6.50                8.90  
    TN      :       16.0            16.0              8.80               11.40  
    TX      :       19.8            21.7              6.30               10.20  
    UT      :       17.5            17.3              7.50                9.80  
    VT      :       15.0            15.0              8.60               11.40  
    VA      :       15.6            17.7              8.20               10.20  
    WA      :       21.5            20.0              7.70                9.65  
    WV      :       14.7            13.2              8.95               10.80  
    WI      :       16.7            17.7              6.90                8.85  
    WY      :       11.9            12.7              7.05                8.50  
            :                                                                   
    US      :       18.3            18.3              7.66                9.87  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
        Grain and Other Concentrates:  Quantity Fed Annually and Value          
                      by State and United States, 1994                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
         :       Annual Quantity       :                :                       
         :      Fed to Milk Cows       : Annual Average :  Annual Average       
  State  :-----------------------------:    Value of    :    Feed Value         
         :  Total  : Per Cow : Per Cwt :    Feed per    :     per Cwt           
         :         :         : of Milk :       Cwt      :     of Milk           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
         :  1,000 Tons  --- Pounds ---      ------- Dollars ------              
         :                                                                      
   AL    :     119     6,490        48      8.60              4.14              
   AK    :       3     7,200        40     13.62              5.47              
   AZ    :     490     8,460        46      7.57              3.45              
   AR    :     201     6,540        53      8.21              4.34              
   CA    :   4,797     7,770        38      7.79              3.00              
   CO    :     343     8,440        44      7.10              3.10              
   CT    :     103     6,260        39      8.81              3.39              
   DE    :      30     5,860        41      8.94              3.70              
   FL    :     877     9,990        67      7.34              4.94              
   GA    :     431     8,440        54      7.98              4.29              
   ID    :     807     7,760        43      6.68              2.85              
   IL    :     560     6,800        44      8.22              3.58              
   IN    :     497     6,850        44      8.00              3.55              
   IA    :     791     6,210        40      7.68              3.05              
   KS    :     277     7,070        49      7.54              3.72              
   KY    :     513     6,090        51      8.72              4.46              
   LA    :     265     6,670        57      8.44              4.83              
   ME    :     115     5,750        36      9.18              3.34              
   MD    :     261     5,660        39      8.90              3.45              
   MA    :      83     5,650        36      9.21              3.35              
   MI    :     998     6,090        36      6.99              2.54              
   MN    :   1,962     6,440        42      7.74              3.24              
   MS    :     184     6,410        50      8.48              4.27              
   MO    :     680     6,890        50      7.87              3.91              
   MT    :      69     6,580        45      7.42              3.31              
   NE    :     244     6,340        44      7.50              3.30              
   NV    :      85     7,530        41      8.34              3.43              
   NH    :      57     5,790        37      8.85              3.31              
   NJ    :      64     5,230        38      8.74              3.31              
   NM    :     765     9,270        46      6.58              3.06              
   NY    :   1,997     5,560        35      9.24              3.23              
   NC    :     303     6,710        41      8.99              3.69              
   ND    :     199     5,880        46      5.93              2.72              
   OH    :     949     6,450        42      8.48              3.54              
   OK    :     356     7,180        56      8.14              4.53              
   OR    :     343     6,860        40      9.04              3.63              
   PA    :   1,943     6,080        38      9.22              3.47              
   RI    :       6     5,600        39      8.85              3.41              
   SC    :      95     6,750        46      8.09              3.71              
   SD    :     372     6,220        47      6.70              3.12              
   TN    :     445     6,220        50      9.18              4.57              
   TX    :   1,741     8,670        56      7.82              4.38              
   UT    :     285     6,660        40      7.34              2.95              
   VT    :     442     5,600        36      8.94              3.24              
   VA    :     384     5,920        40      8.87              3.54              
   WA    :   1,039     7,970        40      8.14              3.22              
   WV    :      63     5,690        46      8.97              4.13              
   WI    :   4,819     6,450        43      7.64              3.28              
   WY    :      17     4,710        34      6.32              2.16              
         :                                                                      
   US    :  32,469     6,840      42.3      7.98              3.38              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
        Grain and Other Concentrates:  Quantity Fed Annually and Value          
                      by State and United States, 1995                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
         :       Annual Quantity       :                :                       
         :      Fed to Milk Cows       : Annual Average :  Annual Average       
  State  :-----------------------------:    Value of    :    Feed Value         
         :  Total  : Per Cow : Per Cwt :    Feed per    :     per Cwt           
         :         :         : of Milk :       Cwt      :     of Milk           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
         :  1,000 Tons  --- Pounds ---      ------- Dollars ------              
         :                                                                      
AL       :     117     6,950        49      8.56              4.19              
AK       :       3     7,140        42     13.80              5.84              
AZ       :     468     8,220        42      7.78              3.30              
AR       :     202     6,710        55      8.79              4.80              
CA       :   4,685     7,470        37      7.96              2.95              
CO       :     332     8,040        43      7.18              3.11              
CT       :      99     6,250        38      9.01              3.43              
DE       :      30     5,990        41      8.92              3.63              
FL       :     726     8,970        61      7.43              4.54              
GA       :     437     8,710        56      7.92              4.40              
ID       :     949     8,170        45      7.16              3.26              
IL       :     520     6,400        41      8.10              3.30              
IN       :     453     6,300        41      7.79              3.21              
IA       :     786     6,270        39      7.06              2.74              
KS       :     288     7,050        49      7.52              3.68              
KY       :     485     5,990        48      8.76              4.20              
LA       :     268     6,760        59      8.35              4.96              
ME       :     117     5,930        37      9.09              3.33              
MD       :     255     5,540        38      8.76              3.32              
MA       :      80     5,760        36      9.05              3.27              
MI       :   1,058     6,490        38      7.24              2.77              
MN       :   1,936     6,460        41      7.58              3.11              
MS       :     177     6,450        50      8.28              4.11              
MO       :     661     6,940        49      7.91              3.86              
MT       :      64     6,150        41      7.33              3.03              
NE       :     228     6,210        42      7.38              3.07              
NV       :      87     7,410        41      8.18              3.36              
NH       :      60     6,030        37      8.94              3.31              
NJ       :      63     5,430        39      8.69              3.36              
NM       :     904     9,480        50      6.62              3.31              
NY       :   1,980     5,630        34      9.24              3.16              
NC       :     291     6,680        41      9.04              3.73              
ND       :     194     6,020        46      6.20              2.82              
OH       :     919     6,370        40      8.30              3.33              
OK       :     353     7,250        54      8.12              4.39              
OR       :     353     7,260        42      9.05              3.79              
PA       :   1,908     5,940        36      9.33              3.38              
RI       :       6     5,610        38      9.11              3.45              
SC       :      92     6,950        48      8.03              3.83              
SD       :     366     6,200        46      6.67              3.06              
TN       :     394     6,230        45      9.10              4.06              
TX       :   1,618     8,080        53      7.32              3.87              
UT       :     287     6,530        39      7.78              3.05              
VT       :     457     5,820        36      9.01              3.25              
VA       :     380     5,900        39      8.83              3.40              
WA       :   1,005     7,570        38      8.18              3.14              
WV       :      58     5,450        43      9.12              3.92              
WI       :   4,821     6,470        42      6.98              2.94              
WY       :      14     4,650        33      6.84              2.29              
         :                                                                      
US       :  32,034     6,777      41.2      7.88              3.25              
----------------------------------------------------------------------------    
                                                                                
                                                                                
                      Reliability Statement                                     
                                                                                
Survey Procedures:  Primary data used to determine these estimates were         
                    obtained from a sample of producers. Individual States      
maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of      
their herd.  States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their     
lists are as complete as possible.   Generally, all large producers and a       
sample of small producers are included in the survey.  Questionnaires are       
mailed to producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first      
day of the month.  Additional reports are obtained by telephone, as needed,     
to supplement the mail response.                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
Estimation Procedures:   State offices prepare these estimates using survey     
                         indications, historic trends, and any available        
administrative data.  Individual State estimates are reviewed by the            
Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness.                               
                                                                                
                                                                                
Revision Policy:  Milk production, rate per cow, and number of cows are         
                  subject to revision the following month for monthly States    
or the following quarter for the quarterly States.  Normally, Federal Market    
Order sales are the main basis for revisions. However, data for all orders are  
not available in time for this revision.  Estimates are again subject to        
revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data.  In    
the event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible   
in February the following year.  Estimates are again reviewed after data from   
the five-year Census of Agriculture, conducted by the Department of Commerce,   
are available.  No revisions are made after that date.                          
                                                                                
                                                                                
Reliability:  Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in       
              the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling              
variability.  Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as    
omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing   
the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly.  They are    
minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and     
through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and               
reasonableness.                                                                 
                                                                                
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report,  
the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table below.    
The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past             
performance and is computed using the differences between first and final       
estimates.  The "Root Mean Square Error" for milk cow inventory estimates over  
the past 10 quarters is 1.2 percent.  This means that chances are 2 out of 3    
that the final April-June estimate will not be above or below the current       
estimate of 9.38 million head by more than 1.2 percent, or about 113,000 head.  
Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 2.1 percent, or     
about 197,000 head (the 90 percent confidence level).                           
                                                                                
                                                                                
                 Reliability of April-June Milk Estimates 1/                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
             :        :              :    Difference Between    :               
             :        :              :      First and Final     :    Number of  
             :  Root  :     90%      :         Estimates  1/    :    Quarters   
    Item     :  Mean  :  Confidence  :------------------------------------------
             : Square :    Level     :        :         :       : First : First 
             :  Error :              : Average: Smallest:Largest: Above : Below 
             :        :              :        :         :       : Final : Final 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             :   - Percent -     ---------- Mil Lbs. ----------     - Number -  
             :                                                                  
Milk         :    0.6    1.1     438       191       32      426     8       2  
  Production :                                                                  
             :                  --------- 1,000 Head ----------                 
             :                                                                  
All Milk     :    1.2    2.1     197       100       12      188    10       0  
  Cows       :                                                                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Based on records for the past 10 April-June quarters.                       
                                                                                
The next "Milk Production" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on              
August 14, 1996.                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
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information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA     
Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD).     
                                                                                
To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington,      
D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD).  USDA is   
an equal employment opportunity employer.                                       
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
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