Da 1-1 (2-99)

Special this issue:

Annual Revisions, 1997-1998

Inventory, Operations, and Production by Size Group, including the new 

200-499 and 500+ Size Groups. 

Milk

Production

National

Agricultural

Statistics

Service

USDA

Washington, D.C.

Released February 16, 1999, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department

of Agriculture. For information on "Milk Production" call James Hand at 202-690-3236, office hours 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET.

January Milk Production Up 3.7 Percent 

Milk production in the 20 major States during January totaled 11.7 billion pounds, up 3.7 percent

from production in these same States in January 1998. December revised production, at 11.5 billion

pounds was up 3.7 percent from December 1997.

Production per cow in the 20 major States averaged 1,523 pounds for January, 57 pounds above

January 1998.

The number of cows on farms in the 20 major States was 7.71 million head, 19,000 head less than

January 1998 but 1,000 head more than December 1998. 
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 2 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows and Production: By Quarter, United States, 1998-99 1

Quarter

Milk Cows 2 Milk Per Cow 3 Milk Production 3

1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

Change

From

1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Pounds Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Percent

Jan-Mar

Apr-Jun

Jul-Sep

Oct-Dec

Annual

9,176

9,171

9,149

9,137

9,158

4,268

4,451

4,210

4,261

17,192

39,164

40,821

38,519

38,937

157,441 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 3 Excludes milk sucked by calves.

Milk Cows and Production: By Month, 20 Selected States, 1998-99

Month

Milk Cows 1 Milk Per Cow 2 Milk Production 2

1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

Change

From

1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Pounds Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Percent

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Annual

7,728

7,716

7,709

7,713

7,719

7,718

7,709

7,708

7,701

7,695

7,697

7,708

7,710

7,709 1,466

1,347

1,515

1,501

1,556

1,477

1,468

1,443

1,386

1,446

1,407

1,489

17,501

1,523 11,327

10,394

11,678

11,579

12,011

11,396

11,314

11,124

10,672

11,125

10,829

11,481

134,930

11,742 3.7

1 Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2 Excludes milk sucked by calves.

Estimated Milk Production: United States, 1998-99

Month

By Month Cumulative

1998 1999

Change

From

1998

1998 1999

Change

From

1998

Million Pounds Million Pounds Percent Million Pounds Million Pounds Percent

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

13,282

12,188

13,694

13,510

14,015

13,296

13,162

12,942

12,415

12,956

12,611

13,370

13,769 3.7 13,282

25,470

39,164

52,674

66,689

79,985

93,147

106,089

118,504

131,460

144,071

157,441

13,769 3.7
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 3 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows and Production: By State, January 1998-99

Month

Milk Cows 1 Milk Per Cow 2 Milk Production 2

1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

Change

From

1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Pounds Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Percent

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-State

 Total

130

1,402

160

283

130

135

225

145

298

555

175

216

700

265

625

368

163

125

250

1,378

7,728

132

1,442

158

302

125

137

230

135

301

545

165

218

702

260

617

340

162

122

248

1,368

7,709

1,800

1,670

1,375

1,640

1,400

1,370

1,440

1,035

1,480

1,420

1,155

1,510

1,380

1,430

1,495

1,340

1,385

1,295

1,745

1,360

1,466

1,910

1,690

1,380

1,640

1,430

1,380

1,515

1,075

1,545

1,510

1,240

1,725

1,440

1,440

1,475

1,470

1,445

1,285

1,860

1,435

1,523

234

2,341

220

464

182

185

324

150

441

788

202

326

966

379

934

493

226

162

436

1,874

11,327

252

2,437

218

495

179

189

348

145

465

823

205

376

1,011

374

910

500

234

157

461

1,963

11,742

7.7

4.1

-0.9

6.7

-1.6

2.2

7.4

-3.3

5.4

4.4

1.5

15.3

4.7

-1.3

-2.6

1.4

3.5

-3.1

5.7

4.7

3.7 1 Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2 Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 4 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows and Production: By State, December 1997-98 1

State

Milk Cows 2 Milk per Cow 3 Milk Production 3

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Change

From

1997

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Pounds Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Percent

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-State

 Total

130

1,400

160

280

130

135

225

145

301

560

175

212

700

266

625

370

162

125

250

1,382

7,733

132

1,439

157

301

125

137

230

136

299

545

165

218

702

261

619

340

162

122

248

1,370

7,708

1,710

1,645

1,315

1,620

1,380

1,375

1,395

985

1,473

1,365

1,080

1,595

1,360

1,375

1,430

1,280

1,360

1,290

1,720

1,325

1,432

1,795

1,650

1,320

1,660

1,420

1,390

1,505

1,030

1,525

1,475

1,200

1,715

1,400

1,400

1,435

1,400

1,420

1,270

1,805

1,410

1,489

222

2,303

210

454

179

186

314

143

443

764

189

338

952

366

894

474

220

161

430

1,831

11,073

237

2,374

207

500

178

190

346

140

456

804

198

374

983

365

888

476

230

155

448

1,932

11,481

6.8

3.1

-1.4

10.1

-0.6

2.2

10.2

-2.1

2.9

5.2

4.8

10.7

3.3

-0.3

-0.7

0.4

4.5

-3.7

4.2

5.5

3.7 1 1998 revised. 2 Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 3 Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 5 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows and Production: United States, 1989-98 1

Year Milk Cows 2 Production per Cow 3 Milk Production 3

Milk Total

1,000 Head Pounds Million Pounds

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

10,046

9,993

9,826

9,688

9,581

9,494

9,466

9,372

9,252

9,158

14,323

14,782

15,031

15,570

15,722

16,179

16,405

16,433

16,871

17,192

143,893

147,721

147,697

150,847

150,636

153,602

155,292

154,006

156,091

157,441 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Average number during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh. 3 Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 6 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows and Production: By State and United States, 1997-98

State

Milk Cows 1 Milk Per Cow 2 Milk Production 2 Change

From

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Pounds Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Percent

AL

AK

AZ

AR

CA

CO

CT

DE

FL

GA

HI

ID

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

LA

ME

MD

MA

MI

MN

MS

MO

MT

NE

NV

NH

NJ

NM

NY

NC

ND

OH

OK

OR

PA

RI

SC

SD

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WV

WI

WY

US 3

31

0.9

127

53

1,391

84

30

10.0

160

97

9.1

272

133

137

230

81

148

66

41

86

26

306

569

47

177

19

69

26

20

21

202

699

79

56

270

92

90

629

2.0

26

105

113

378

91

160

125

253

18

1,393

6.6

9,252

28

0.9

131

49

1,420

83

30

11.0

160

93

8.9

292

128

136

223

82

140

63

41

86

26

300

551

42

170

18

70

25

20

19

217

701

75

51

264

92

89

623

2.1

25

102

105

352

90

161

124

248

18

1,369

6.1

9,158

13,484

16,667

20,976

11,981

19,829

19,988

16,967

14,800

15,475

15,340

13,516

19,092

16,564

15,978

16,057

15,864

12,264

12,030

16,146

15,419

16,692

17,680

16,186

13,489

13,345

15,526

15,072

18,346

16,400

14,238

19,856

16,495

16,506

12,732

16,352

13,576

17,889

16,951

15,950

15,269

13,181

14,239

15,259

16,923

16,250

14,864

20,968

14,778

16,057

12,697

16,871

13,786

15,922

20,458

13,041

19,442

20,349

17,633

14,827

14,588

15,452

14,494

19,743

16,570

16,154

17,188

15,915

12,214

11,921

16,585

15,581

16,846

17,970

16,833

13,786

13,924

16,167

15,000

18,640

16,700

15,368

20,065

16,748

16,800

13,843

16,629

13,435

17,787

17,411

15,714

14,960

14,069

14,295

15,923

16,811

16,801

14,847

21,476

15,444

16,685

13,082

17,192

418

15.00

2,664

635

27,582

1,679

509

148.0

2,476

1,488

123

5,193

2,203

2,189

3,693

1,285

1,815

794

662

1,326

434

5,410

9,210

634

2,362

295

1,040

477

328

299

4,011

11,530

1,304

713

4,415

1,249

1,610

10,662

31.9

397

1,384

1,609

5,768

1,540

2,600

1,858

5,305

266

22,368

83.8

156,091

386

14.33

2,680

639

27,607

1,689

529

163.1

2,334

1,437

129

5,765

2,121

2,197

3,833

1,305

1,710

751

680

1,340

438

5,391

9,275

579

2,367

291

1,050

466

334

292

4,354

11,740

1,260

706

4,390

1,236

1,583

10,847

33.0

374

1,435

1,501

5,605

1,513

2,705

1,841

5,326

278

22,842

79.8

157,441

-7.7

-4.5

0.6

0.6

0.1

0.6

3.9

10.2

-5.7

-3.4

4.9

11.0

-3.7

0.4

3.8

1.6

-5.8

-5.4

2.7

1.1

0.9

-0.4

0.7

-8.7

0.2

-1.4

1.0

-2.3

1.8

-2.3

8.6

1.8

-3.4

-1.0

-0.6

-1.0

-1.7

1.7

3.4

-5.8

3.7

-6.7

-2.8

-1.8

4.0

-0.9

0.4

4.5

2.1

-4.8

0.9

1 Average number during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh. 2 Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3 May not add due to rounding.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 7 NASS, USDA
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 8 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 State Total, 1997 1

State Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

122

1,382

159

268

135

140

235

150

311

580

180

197

700

275

632

390

159

125

255

1,408

7,803

123

1,384

160

267

134

139

234

150

310

575

179

197

700

274

632

387

159

124

255

1,404

7,787

125

1,385

162

264

134

139

233

149

306

575

179

199

700

274

631

385

158

124

254

1,400

7,776

127

1,387

162

265

133

138

232

148

306

575

179

199

698

273

631

382

159

125

254

1,395

7,768

128

1,389

162

268

133

138

231

148

308

570

178

200

698

272

630

380

160

125

255

1,393

7,766

128

1,390

161

269

133

137

230

148

310

570

177

200

698

271

629

378

161

124

254

1,392

7,760

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Avg. 2

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

2O-Sts

128

1,391

161

273

133

137

229

148

309

570

177

201

698

270

628

376

160

124

253

1,392

7,758

128

1,392

160

276

132

137

228

147

308

570

177

203

698

269

627

374

161

124

252

1,390

7,753

129

1,394

159

278

131

136

227

147

304

565

176

205

697

268

627

373

162

125

252

1,390

7,745

130

1,395

159

278

131

136

226

147

303

560

176

207

699

267

626

371

161

125

251

1,388

7,736

130

1,397

159

280

131

135

226

146

301

560

176

209

699

266

625

371

162

125

251

1,385

7,734

130

1,400

160

280

130

135

225

145

301

560

175

212

700

266

625

370

162

125

250

1,382

7,733

127

1,391

160

272

133

137

230

148

306

569

177

202

699

270

629

378

160

125

253

1,393

7,760 1 Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2 Average based on monthly totals.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 9 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 State Total, 1998 1

State Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

130

1,402

160

283

130

135

225

145

298

555

175

216

700

265

625

368

163

125

250

1,378

7,728

130

1,405

160

283

129

134

224

143

296

555

175

216

698

265

625

365

162

125

250

1,376

7,716

130

1,408

162

283

129

134

224

141

297

555

174

216

697

265

624

362

161

125

249

1,373

7,709

130

1,410

162

288

129

136

223

141

298

555

173

216

700

265

624

359

162

125

249

1,368

7,713

130

1,414

162

293

128

137

223

141

299

555

172

217

701

265

623

356

162

125

248

1,368

7,719

131

1,417

160

293

128

137

222

141

303

555

171

217

701

264

623

353

162

125

247

1,368

7,718

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Avg. 2

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

132

1,421

159

294

127

136

222

141

305

550

170

217

700

264

623

350

161

124

247

1,366

7,709

132

1,426

159

296

127

135

222

140

304

550

169

218

701

263

623

347

160

123

247

1,366

7,708

132

1,429

158

296

127

136

222

134

301

550

168

219

702

263

623

344

161

123

247

1,366

7,701

132

1,432

158

298

126

137

221

137

300

545

167

219

702

262

621

342

160

123

247

1,366

7,695

132

1,436

158

299

126

138

221

136

298

545

166

218

702

262

620

341

161

123

247

1,368

7,697

132

1,439

157

301

125

137

230

136

299

545

165

218

702

261

619

340

162

122

248

1,370

7,708

131

1,420

160

292

128

136

223

140

300

551

170

217

701

264

623

352

161

124

248

1,369

7,710 1 Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2 Average based on monthly totals.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 10 NASS, USDA

Milk Produced per Cow: By Month,

State, and 20 States, 1997 1

State Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

1,965

1,575

1,520

1,500

1,390

1,320

1,340

1,055

1,480

1,375

1,144

1,675

1,370

1,375

1,400

1,390

1,350

1,270

1,720

1,315

1,426

1,855

1,465

1,445

1,360

1,270

1,195

1,195

965

1,370

1,280

1,022

1,555

1,260

1,295

1,315

1,305

1,250

1,175

1,590

1,210

1,321

2,095

1,705

1,530

1,550

1,490

1,330

1,375

1,100

1,520

1,420

1,190

1,735

1,420

1,420

1,470

1,460

1,400

1,317

1,800

1,355

1,492

1,985

1,700

1,455

1,560

1,480

1,325

1,335

1,120

1,485

1,370

1,235

1,705

1,400

1,390

1,450

1,415

1,360

1,280

1,780

1,330

1,469

1,920

1,740

1,430

1,670

1,480

1,400

1,385

1,155

1,540

1,450

1,275

1,760

1,465

1,460

1,495

1,400

1,405

1,315

1,845

1,420

1,524

1,760

1,665

1,265

1,660

1,390

1,360

1,350

1,020

1,490

1,415

1,147

1,695

1,435

1,385

1,430

1,245

1,390

1,220

1,795

1,410

1,466

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Avg.

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

1,655

1,715

1,160

1,710

1,380

1,355

1,365

1,000

1,490

1,385

1,096

1,710

1,425

1,375

1,420

1,165

1,400

1,200

1,850

1,415

1,466

1,460

1,700

1,040

1,690

1,380

1,330

1,355

1,010

1,500

1,315

1,051

1,650

1,400

1,350

1,410

1,120

1,390

1,215

1,790

1,400

1,439

1,395

1,620

1,005

1,590

1,320

1,315

1,320

960

1,430

1,250

1,006

1,555

1,330

1,290

1,360

1,095

1,310

1,190

1,710

1,305

1,370

1,555

1,685

1,105

1,610

1,340

1,345

1,345

975

1,465

1,295

1,045

1,625

1,345

1,325

1,410

1,180

1,320

1,230

1,730

1,320

1,412

1,600

1,620

1,160

1,550

1,310

1,295

1,315

940

1,415

1,255

1,017

1,570

1,290

1,285

1,370

1,180

1,280

1,210

1,640

1,250

1,363

1,710

1,645

1,315

1,620

1,380

1,375

1,395

985

1,473

1,365

1,080

1,595

1,360

1,375

1,430

1,280

1,360

1,290

1,720

1,325

1,432

20,976

19,829

15,475

19,092

16,564

15,978

16,057

12,264

17,680

16,186

13,345

19,856

16,495

16,352

16,951

15,259

16,250

14,864

20,968

16,057

17,180 1 Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 11 NASS, USDA

Milk Produced per Cow: By Month,

State, and 20 States, 1998 1

State Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

1,800

1,670

1,375

1,640

1,400

1,370

1,440

1,035

1,480

1,420

1,155

1,510

1,380

1,430

1,495

1,340

1,385

1,295

1,745

1,360

1,466

1,660

1,480

1,300

1,490

1,310

1,260

1,320

965

1,370

1,320

1,090

1,480

1,280

1,310

1,365

1,290

1,285

1,175

1,605

1,255

1,347

1,885

1,665

1,415

1,660

1,510

1,430

1,472

1,105

1,530

1,465

1,240

1,705

1,440

1,460

1,535

1,475

1,430

1,345

1,805

1,410

1,515

1,885

1,640

1,375

1,620

1,490

1,410

1,465

1,135

1,495

1,435

1,305

1,720

1,420

1,470

1,530

1,490

1,405

1,320

1,790

1,395

1,501

1,945

1,720

1,350

1,680

1,510

1,420

1,520

1,115

1,560

1,490

1,285

1,795

1,490

1,485

1,550

1,480

1,480

1,310

1,885

1,480

1,556

1,780

1,635

1,170

1,660

1,360

1,340

1,433

1,000

1,515

1,425

1,135

1,755

1,430

1,420

1,435

1,320

1,420

1,185

1,835

1,435

1,477

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Avg.

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

1,530

1,625

1,140

1,700

1,320

1,350

1,425

980

1,540

1,400

1,105

1,730

1,450

1,350

1,460

1,215

1,430

1,185

1,845

1,445

1,468

1,410

1,590

1,040

1,720

1,320

1,320

1,403

985

1,535

1,360

1,055

1,710

1,420

1,350

1,435

1,195

1,420

1,210

1,840

1,425

1,443

1,440

1,530

990

1,630

1,280

1,260

1,350

955

1,460

1,305

1,060

1,625

1,350

1,310

1,380

1,145

1,365

1,155

1,775

1,360

1,386

1,650

1,650

1,030

1,660

1,340

1,300

1,420

970

1,505

1,375

1,125

1,680

1,380

1,350

1,415

1,260

1,380

1,205

1,815

1,380

1,446

1,675

1,590

1,115

1,600

1,350

1,300

1,410

965

1,460

1,355

1,125

1,610

1,320

1,310

1,380

1,285

1,335

1,185

1,740

1,325

1,407

1,795

1,650

1,320

1,660

1,420

1,390

1,505

1,030

1,525

1,475

1,200

1,715

1,400

1,400

1,435

1,400

1,420

1,270

1,805

1,410

1,489

20,458

19,442

14,588

19,743

16,570

16,154

17,188

12,214

17,970

16,833

13,924

20,065

16,748

16,629

17,411

15,923

16,801

14,847

21,476

16,685

17,501 1 Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 12 NASS, USDA

Milk Production: Total by Month, State,

and 20 States, 1997 1

State Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

240

2,177

242

402

188

185

315

158

460

798

206

330

959

378

885

542

215

159

439

1,852

11,130

228

2,028

231

363

170

166

280

145

425

736

183

306

882

355

831

505

199

146

405

1,699

10,283

262

2,361

248

409

200

185

320

164

465

817

213

345

994

389

928

562

221

163

457

1,897

11,600

252

2,358

236

413

197

183

310

166

454

788

221

339

977

379

915

541

216

160

452

1,855

11,412

246

2,417

232

448

197

193

320

171

474

827

227

352

1,023

397

942

532

225

164

470

1,978

11,835

225

2,314

204

447

185

186

311

151

462

807

203

339

1,002

375

899

471

224

151

456

1,963

11,375

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Total 2

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

212

2,386

187

467

184

186

313

148

460

789

194

344

995

371

892

438

224

149

468

1,970

11,377

187

2,366

166

466

182

182

309

148

462

750

186

335

977

363

884

419

224

151

451

1,946

11,154

180

2,258

160

442

173

179

300

141

435

706

177

319

927

346

853

408

212

149

431

1,814

10,610

202

2,351

176

448

176

183

304

143

444

725

184

336

940

354

883

438

213

154

434

1,832

10,920

208

2,263

184

434

172

175

297

137

426

703

179

328

902

342

856

438

207

151

412

1,731

10,545

222

2,303

210

454

179

186

314

143

443

764

189

338

952

366

894

474

220

161

430

1,831

11,073

2,664

27,582

2,476

5,193

2,203

2,189

3,693

1,815

5,410

9,210

2,362

4,011

11,530

4,415

10,662

5,768

2,600

1,858

5,305

22,368

133,314 1 Excludes milk sucked by calves. 2 Total milk production for year.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 13 NASS, USDA

Milk Production: Total by Month, State,

and 20 States, 1998 1

State Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

234

2,341

220

464

182

185

324

150

441

788

202

326

966

379

934

493

226

162

436

1,874

11,327

216

2,079

208

422

169

169

296

138

406

733

191

320

893

347

853

471

208

147

401

1,727

10,394

245

2,344

229

470

195

192

330

156

454

813

216

368

1,004

387

958

534

230

168

449

1,936

11,678

245

2,312

223

467

192

192

327

160

446

796

226

372

994

390

955

535

228

165

446

1,908

11,579

253

2,432

219

492

193

195

339

157

466

827

221

390

1,044

394

966

527

240

164

467

2,025

12,011

233

2,317

187

486

174

184

318

141

459

791

194

381

1,002

375

894

466

230

148

453

1,963

11,396

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Total 2

AZ

CA

FL

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

OH

PA

TX

VT

VA

WA

WI

20-Sts

202

2,309

181

500

168

184

316

138

470

770

188

375

1,015

356

910

425

230

147

456

1,974

11,314

186

2,267

165

509

168

178

311

138

467

748

178

373

995

355

894

415

227

149

454

1,947

11,124

190

2,186

156

482

163

171

300

128

439

718

178

356

948

345

860

394

220

142

438

1,858

10,672

218

2,363

163

495

169

178

314

133

452

749

188

368

969

354

879

431

221

148

448

1,885

11,125

221

2,283

176

478

170

179

312

131

435

738

187

351

927

343

856

438

215

146

430

1,813

10,829

237

2,374

207

500

178

190

346

140

456

804

198

374

983

365

888

476

230

155

448

1,932

11,481

2,680

27,607

2,334

5,765

2,121

2,197

3,833

1,710

5,391

9,275

2,367

4,354

11,740

4,390

10,847

5,605

2,705

1,841

5,326

22,842

134,930 1 Excludes milk sucked by calves. 2 Total milk production for year.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 14 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows and Production: Number and Milk Produced

by Quarter, State, and United States, 1997

State

Milk Cows 1 Milk Production 2

Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds

AL

AK

AZ

AR

CA

CO

CT

DE

FL

GA

HI

ID

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

LA

ME

MD

MA

MI

MN

MS

MO

MT

NE

NV

NH

NJ

NM

NY

NC

ND

OH

OK

OR

PA

RI

SC

SD

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WV

WI

WY

US 3

31

0.9

123

54

1,384

85

29

10.0

160

97

9.5

266

134

139

234

82

150

68

40

86

26

309

577

48

179

19

69

26

20

21

198

700

79

59

274

93

92

632

2.0

26

106

115

387

92

159

124

255

19

1,404

6.7

9,299

31

0.9

128

53

1,389

85

29

10.0

162

97

9.1

267

133

138

231

82

148

67

41

86

27

308

572

47

178

19

70

26

20

21

200

698

79

57

272

93

91

630

2.1

26

106

114

380

93

160

125

254

18

1,393

6.7

9,273

31

0.9

128

52

1,392

84

30

10.0

160

96

8.9

276

132

137

228

81

147

65

41

86

26

307

568

47

177

19

69

26

20

20

203

698

78

54

269

92

89

627

2.0

26

104

112

374

91

161

124

252

18

1,391

6.6

9,236

29

0.9

130

51

1,397

83

30

10.0

159

96

8.9

279

131

135

226

80

146

65

41

86

26

302

560

44

176

18

69

26

20

20

209

699

78

53

266

91

88

625

2.0

25

102

110

371

89

162

125

251

18

1,385

6.4

9,200

117

3.47

730

170

6,566

426

127

38.3

721

412

32.2

1,174

558

536

915

330

467

224

162

335

108

1,350

2,351

183

602

74

257

115

83

76

981

2,835

333

183

1,122

321

391

2,644

8.2

111

339

426

1,609

374

635

468

1,301

65

5,448

21.4

38,859

113

3.77

723

164

7,089

438

129

38.5

672

395

33.2

1,308

579

562

941

340

488

216

170

340

113

1,390

2,422

174

651

76

262

120

84

79

1,030

3,002

346

188

1,151

319

418

2,756

8.5

106

357

426

1,544

406

665

475

1,378

67

5,796

22.1

40,574

88

3.96

579

151

7,010

420

125

34.4

513

324

29.9

1,375

539

547

922

300

437

170

169

320

108

1,357

2,245

135

557

75

260

120

81

73

998

2,899

307

175

1,080

302

413

2,629

7.6

86

350

377

1,265

394

660

449

1,350

66

5,730

21.1

38,627

100

3.80

632

150

6,917

395

128

36.8

570

357

27.7

1,336

527

544

915

315

423

184

161

331

105

1,313

2,192

142

552

70

261

122

80

71

1,002

2,794

318

167

1,062

307

388

2,633

7.6

94

338

380

1,350

366

640

466

1,276

68

5,394

19.2

38,031

1 Quarterly average includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2 Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3 May not add due to rounding.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 15 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows and Production: Number and Milk Produced

by Quarter, State, and United States, 1998

State

Milk Cows 1 Milk Production 2

Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds

AL

AK

AZ

AR

CA

CO

CT

DE

FL

GA

HI

ID

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

LA

ME

MD

MA

MI

MN

MS

MO

MT

NE

NV

NH

NJ

NM

NY

NC

ND

OH

OK

OR

PA

RI

SC

SD

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WV

WI

WY

US 3

28

0.9

130

51

1,405

83

30

11.0

161

95

9.0

283

129

134

224

80

143

64

40

87

26

297

555

43

175

18

70

25

19

19

216

698

77

53

265

92

88

625

2.1

25

102

108

365

88

162

125

250

18

1,376

6.2

9,176

28

0.9

130

49

1,414

83

30

11.0

161

95

8.8

291

128

137

223

81

141

63

41

86

26

300

555

42

172

18

69

25

20

19

217

701

76

52

265

92

89

623

2.1

25

102

106

356

90

162

125

248

18

1,368

6.1

9,171

27

0.9

132

48

1,425

83

30

11.0

159

93

8.8

295

127

136

222

82

138

63

42

86

26

303

550

41

169

18

69

25

21

19

218

701

74

50

263

92

89

623

2.1

24

102

103

347

90

161

123

247

18

1,366

6.0

9,149

27

0.8

132

46

1,436

83

30

11.0

158

90

8.8

299

126

137

224

83

136

63

42

86

25

299

545

41

166

18

70

25

20

19

218

702

73

50

262

92

88

620

2.0

24

102

101

341

93

161

123

247

18

1,368

5.9

9,137

109

3.52

695

164

6,764

407

136

44.0

657

403

31.5

1,356

546

546

950

335

444

216

165

348

109

1,301

2,334

169

609

72

259

113

83

75

1,014

2,863

332

179

1,113

322

384

2,745

8.3

105

341

401

1,498

361

664

477

1,286

71

5,537

19.2

39,164

104

3.67

731

167

7,061

432

136

44.4

629

381

35.7

1,445

559

571

984

345

458

203

173

348

112

1,371

2,414

157

641

74

263

120

87

75

1,143

3,040

325

181

1,159

316

404

2,815

8.6

100

362

399

1,528

388

698

477

1,366

70

5,896

20.7

40,821

81

3.63

578

154

6,762

429

128

37.4

502

310

32.3

1,491

499

533

927

305

404

156

176

324

111

1,376

2,236

121

544

72

262

118

85

72

1,104

2,958

291

174

1,056

294

401

2,664

8.3

81

366

344

1,234

383

677

438

1,348

69

5,779

20.4

38,519

92

3.51

676

154

7,020

421

129

37.3

546

343

29.5

1,473

517

547

972

320

404

176

166

320

106

1,343

2,291

132

573

73

266

115

79

70

1,093

2,879

312

172

1,062

304

394

2,623

7.8

88

366

357

1,345

381

666

449

1,326

68

5,630

19.5

38,937

1 Quarterly average includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2 Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3 May not add due to rounding.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 16 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows: Number of Operations by State

and United States, 1997-98 1

State Operations with Milk Cows

1997 1998

Number Number

AL

AK

AZ

AR

CA

CO

CT

DE

FL

GA

HI

ID

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

LA

ME

MD

MA

MI

MN

MS

MO

MT

NE

NV

NH

NJ

NM

NY

NC

ND

OH

OK

OR

PA

RI

SC

SD

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WV

WI

WY

US

450

30

250

1,300

2,800

900

350

130

650

1,000

50

1,400

2,400

3,400

4,500

1,500

3,600

900

700

1,100

450

4,200

10,500

650

4,500

750

1,500

150

300

350

600

9,000

1,200

1,300

6,000

2,200

1,100

11,300

40

350

2,000

2,100

3,500

900

2,000

1,800

1,400

800

25,000

350

123,700

380

30

250

1,200

2,700

900

350

130

650

950

50

1,300

2,300

3,300

4,300

1,400

3,400

800

700

1,100

450

4,000

9,700

600

4,300

700

1,400

150

300

300

500

8,700

1,100

1,200

5,500

2,100

1,000

10,900

40

300

1,800

2,000

3,200

900

1,900

1,800

1,300

800

23,000

300

116,430 1 An operation is any place having one or more milk cows, excluding cows used to nurse calves, on hand at any time during the

year.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 17 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected

States, and United States, 1997-98 1

State

Operations Having

1-29 Head 30-49 Head 50-99 Head

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Number Number Number Number Number Number

AZ

CA

CO

FL

GA

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MD

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

NC

OH

OR

PA

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WI

Oth Sts

US

130

500

610

400

520

400

530

1,900

1,300

1,600

220

1,100

1,900

1,900

440

1,700

600

3,100

590

2,400

1,000

1,600

320

200

770

540

4,600

8,200

39,070

130

420

600

400

500

350

500

1,900

1,200

1,500

230

950

1,600

1,900

350

1,600

530

2,600

550

2,200

950

1,500

340

190

750

450

4,300

7,200

35,690

90

40

10

20

160

500

550

1,200

700

180

900

3,800

830

1,900

65

800

40

3,800

260

200

70

410

90

70

8,500

2,100

27,285

90

30

10

20

140

460

520

1,200

670

180

900

3,500

780

1,800

60

830

30

3,700

210

200

60

320

100

45

7,300

2,000

25,155

10

120

50

30

120

270

1,000

630

1,500

940

425

1,100

3,700

1,100

10

3,600

210

1,400

140

3,800

440

400

165

920

440

130

9,400

3,800

35,850

10

110

50

32

100

250

960

560

1,400

900

420

1,100

3,500

990

5

3,500

200

1,400

110

3,700

440

400

165

900

450

145

8,900

3,580

34,277

See footnotes at end of table. --continued
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 18 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected

States, and United States, 1997-98 1

 (continued)

State

Operations Having

100-199 Head 200-499 Head 500+ Head

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Number Number Number Number Number Number

AZ

CA

CO

FL

GA

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MD

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

NC

OH

OR

PA

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WI

Oth Sts

US

10

290

70

40

200

250

320

260

420

300

220

850

850

600

10

1,300

230

580

200

1,100

300

600

210

350

390

290

2,000

1,800

14,040

10

270

80

38

190

240

330

270

390

280

220

810

800

570

10

1,300

220

550

170

1,050

300

500

190

350

380

280

1,950

2,000

13,748

20

750

80

75

110

190

50

50

75

55

49

215

230

70

20

400

80

110

100

190

90

500

110

100

100

250

450

600

5,119

20

750

90

75

110

180

50

40

105

45

45

205

260

60

20

390

75

110

110

235

90

400

120

115

110

255

490

590

5,145

80

1,050

50

95

30

130

10

5

5

6

35

20

120

100

15

10

30

10

10

200

25

20

10

120

50

100

2,336

80

1,060

50

95

30

140

10

5

5

5

35

40

115

110

15

10

30

15

10

200

25

25

10

125

60

110

2,415 1 An operation is any place having one or more milk cows, excluding cows used to nurse calves, on hand at any time during the

year.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 19 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows: Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected

States, and United States, 1997-98 1

State

Inventory on Operations Having

1-29 Head 30-49 Head 50-99 Head

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

AZ

CA

CO

FL

GA

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MD

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

NC

OH

OR

PA

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WI

Oth Sts

US

0.4

0.1

1.9

0.5

2.1

0.9

4.0

14.0

8.0

8.0

2.5

5.0

6.0

6.1

0.7

2.5

1.5

12.0

1.2

5.5

2.7

0.8

1.3

1.2

5.0

0.6

4.5

3.5

3.5

0.4

0.1

1.4

0.5

3.0

0.7

4.0

14.0

8.0

8.0

2.5

4.5

5.8

7.0

0.4

2.5

1.5

11.0

1.0

4.5

3.0

0.8

1.5

1.0

6.0

0.4

4.8

3.5

3.6

0.3

1.9

0.2

0.9

2.1

12.0

17.0

18.0

17.0

7.5

11.0

24.0

15.0

10.5

2.5

12.0

1.8

25.0

7.3

1.8

2.7

11.0

3.0

1.1

24.0

8.5

11.5

0.3

1.4

0.2

1.0

1.8

11.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

6.9

10.5

22.0

16.0

10.5

2.5

12.5

1.3

25.0

6.4

2.0

2.5

8.0

3.0

0.7

21.0

7.7

10.1

0.5

0.7

4.2

1.3

10.0

6.0

46.0

33.0

40.0

40.0

35.0

24.0

40.0

34.0

0.4

35.0

17.0

37.0

12.0

37.0

28.0

8.4

13.0

35.0

27.0

3.3

43.0

31.0

26.0

0.5

0.7

4.2

1.5

8.0

5.5

46.0

31.0

38.0

40.0

36.0

25.0

40.0

33.0

0.2

34.0

17.0

36.0

9.7

37.0

28.0

8.2

13.0

35.0

26.0

3.9

43.0

29.5

26.0

See footnotes at end of table. --continued
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 20 NASS, USDA

Milk Cows: Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected

States, and United States, 1997-98 1

 (continued)

State

Inventory on Operations Having

100-199 Head 200-499 Head 500+ Head

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

AZ

CA

CO

FL

GA

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MD

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

NC

OH

OR

PA

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WI

Oth Sts

US

1.5

3.4

11.0

4.0

29.0

12.0

28.0

24.0

23.0

25.0

34.0

33.0

17.0

36.0

0.7

27.0

38.0

26.0

28.0

23.0

36.0

22.0

29.0

27.0

39.0

18.0

18.0

23.0

20.0

1.4

3.4

12.0

3.8

28.0

12.0

29.0

25.0

22.0

24.0

34.0

32.0

16.0

36.0

0.7

26.0

37.0

27.0

25.0

22.0

37.0

20.0

26.0

26.0

38.0

16.0

18.0

25.0

20.0

5.6

16.5

28.0

17.0

29.0

19.0

10.0

8.0

9.0

8.0

13.0

17.0

11.0

8.9

3.2

14.0

27.0

10.5

30.0

8.0

21.0

28.0

35.0

17.0

21.0

31.0

7.7

24.0

14.6

5.7

17.5

30.0

15.0

31.0

19.0

10.0

7.0

12.0

8.0

13.0

18.0

12.0

8.0

2.7

15.0

27.0

11.0

34.0

9.5

20.0

29.0

37.0

20.0

22.0

32.0

10.0

22.8

15.0

92.0

79.0

53.0

77.0

29.0

60.0

4.0

2.0

2.0

8.0

10.0

2.0

95.0

11.0

14.0

2.5

27.0

1.5

5.0

39.0

19.0

8.8

5.0

46.0

2.8

10.0

24.4

92.0

78.0

51.0

79.0

29.0

61.0

5.0

2.0

2.0

7.6

10.0

4.2

96.0

12.0

15.0

2.5

29.0

2.0

5.6

40.0

20.0

10.0

5.0

47.0

3.2

11.5

25.3 1 Percents reflect average distributions of various probability surveys conducted during the year but are based primarily on

beginning-of-year and mid-year surveys.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 21 NASS, USDA

Milk Production: Percent of Production by Size Group, Selected

States, and United States, 1997-98

State

1-29 Head 30-49 Head 50-99 Head

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

AZ

CA

CO

FL

GA

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MD

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

NC

OH

OR

PA

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WI

Oth Sts

US

0.1

0.1

1.0

0.2

1.0

0.5

3.0

12.0

4.4

6.0

2.2

3.0

4.4

6.0

0.2

1.5

0.3

9.0

1.0

4.0

2.0

0.2

1.0

1.0

3.0

0.4

3.5

2.5

2.4

0.1

0.1

1.0

0.1

1.0

0.5

2.0

12.0

3.5

6.0

2.2

3.0

4.2

5.5

0.2

1.5

0.3

8.0

1.0

4.0

1.7

0.2

1.0

1.0

3.0

0.4

3.1

2.3

2.1

0.2

1.0

0.2

1.0

1.5

10.0

15.0

18.0

15.0

4.8

8.0

21.0

14.0

9.5

1.7

11.0

1.0

20.0

5.8

0.8

2.0

10.0

3.0

0.8

22.0

6.5

9.5

0.2

1.0

0.1

1.0

1.0

10.0

15.0

16.0

16.0

4.8

8.0

19.0

11.5

9.5

1.7

10.0

1.0

21.0

5.1

0.8

2.0

8.0

3.0

0.8

21.0

7.1

7.1

0.3

0.5

3.0

1.7

8.0

5.0

46.0

36.0

40.0

40.0

34.0

23.0

41.0

29.0

0.2

31.0

16.0

37.0

11.0

41.0

26.0

6.0

10.0

36.0

25.0

2.8

42.0

29.0

23.4

0.3

0.6

3.0

1.9

6.0

4.5

46.0

34.0

38.0

39.0

34.0

23.0

41.0

34.0

0.2

30.0

15.0

36.0

6.0

39.0

27.0

6.0

10.0

35.0

28.0

3.8

41.0

25.4

24.0
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 22 NASS, USDA

Milk Production: Percent of Production by Size Groups, Selected

States, and United States, 1997-98

State

100-199 Head 200-499 Head 500+ Head

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

AZ

CA

CO

FL

GA

ID

IL

IN

IA

KY

MD

MI

MN

MO

NM

NY

NC

OH

OR

PA

TN

TX

UT

VT

VA

WA

WI

Oth Sts

US

0.9

3.2

10.0

2.9

28.0

11.0

30.0

23.0

25.0

28.0

37.0

33.0

19.0

41.0

0.6

29.0

41.0

28.0

27.0

23.0

37.0

19.0

30.0

25.0

41.0

18.0

21.0

26.0

20.0

0.8

3.1

11.0

2.9

27.0

10.0

31.0

25.0

24.0

27.0

37.0

33.0

18.0

39.0

0.6

29.0

42.0

29.0

25.0

22.0

39.0

19.0

28.0

25.0

40.0

16.0

21.0

30.2

20.0

5.7

17.0

30.0

15.0

31.0

18.0

11.0

9.0

10.0

9.0

14.0

20.0

12.0

10.0

2.0

16.0

26.0

12.0

32.0

10.0

23.0

30.0

38.0

19.0

23.0

32.0

8.0

22.0

15.3

5.8

18.0

30.0

14.0

33.0

18.0

11.0

8.0

16.0

10.0

14.0

21.0

12.0

10.0

2.0

17.0

26.0

13.0

35.0

11.0

21.0

31.0

39.0

21.0

21.0

32.0

10.0

20.0

16.8

93.0

79.0

55.0

80.0

31.0

64.0

5.0

2.6

2.0

8.0

13.0

2.6

97.0

13.0

15.0

3.0

28.0

2.0

6.2

44.0

19.0

9.0

5.0

46.0

3.5

14.0

29.4

93.0

78.0

54.0

81.0

32.0

66.0

6.0

2.5

2.0

8.0

12.0

5.8

97.0

13.0

15.0

4.0

32.0

3.0

6.2

43.0

20.0

10.0

5.0

47.0

3.9

15.0

30.0
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 23 NASS, USDA

Reliability Statement

Survey Procedures: Primary data used to determine these estimates were obtained from a sample of

producers. Individual States maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of their

herd. States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as possible.

Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are included in the survey. Questionnaires are

mailed to producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first day of the month. Additional reports

are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response.

Estimation Procedures: State offices prepare these estimates using survey indications, historic trends, and

any available administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board

for reasonableness.

Revision Policy: Milk production, rate per cow, and number of cows are subject to revision the following

month for monthly States or the following quarter for the quarterly States. Normally, Federal Market Order

sales are the main basis for revisions. However, data for all orders are not available in time for this revision. 

Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data. In the

event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year. 

Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions

are made after that date.

Reliability: Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the sample, survey estimates are

subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions,

duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot

be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and

through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness.

To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is

shown for selected items on the next page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on

past performance and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean

Square Error" for milk cow inventory estimates over the past 10 quarters is 1.3 percent. This means that

chances are 2 out of 3 that the final October-December estimate will not be above or below the current

estimate of 9.14 million head by more than 1.3 percent, or about 119,000 head. Chances are 9 out of 10 that

the difference will not exceed 2.3 percent, or about 210,000 head (the 90 percent confidence level).
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 24 NASS, USDA

Reliability of October-December Milk Estimates 1

Item

Root

Mean

Square

Error

90%

Confidence

Level

Difference Between

First and Latest

Estimates

Quarters

Average Smallest Largest

First

Above

Latest

First

Below

Latest

Percent Percent Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds Number Number

Milk

 Production 0.6 1.1 428 183 1 385 10 0

Percent Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Number Number

All Milk

 Cows 1.3 2.3 210 102 2 195 9 1

1 Based on records for the past 10 October-December quarters.
Milk Production Agricultural Statistics Board

February 1999 25 NASS, USDA

Index

Page

Milk Cows and Production: by Quarter, United States, 1998-99 ...................................2

Milk Cows and Production: by Month, 20 Selected States, 1998-99 ................................2

Milk Cows and Production: by State, January 1998-99 ..........................................3

Milk Cows and Production: by State, December 1997-98 ........................................4

Milk Cows and Production: United States, 1989-98 ............................................5

Estimated Milk Production: United States, 1998-99 ............................................2

Milk Cows and Production: by State, and United States, 1997-98 ..................................6

Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997 .......................................8

Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 States, 1998 .......................................9

Milk: Produced per Cow by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Milk: Produced per Cow by Month, State, and 20 States, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Milk Production: Total by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Milk Production: Total by Month, State, and 20 States, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Milk Cows and Production: Number and Milk Produced

by Quarter, State, and United States, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Milk Cows and Production: Number and Milk Produced

by Quarter, State, and United States, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Milk Cows: Number of Operations, by State, 

and United States 1996-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Milk Cows: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected

States, and United States, 1997-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Milk Cows: Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected

States, and United States, 1997-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Milk Production: Percent of Production by Size Group, Selected 

 States, and United States, 1997-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Reliability Statement: Survey and Estimation Procedures, 

 Revision Policy, and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
The next "Milk Production" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on March 16, 1999.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs on the basis

of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital

or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten

Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C., 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice

or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

ACCESS TO REPORTS!!

For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services:

INTERNET ACCESS

All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet

and go to the NASS Home Page at: http://www.usda.gov/nass/. Select “Today’s Reports” or Publications

and then Reports by Calendar or Publications and then Search, by Title or Subject.

E-MAIL SUBSCRIPTION

All NASS reports are available by subscription free of charge direct to your e-mail address. Send an e-mail

message to: usda-reports@usda.mannlib.cornell.edu. In the body of the message type the word: list.

AUTOFAX ACCESS

NASSFax service is available for some reports from your fax machine. Please call 202-720-2000, using the

handset attached to your fax. Respond to the voice prompts. Document 0411 is a list of available reports.

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PRINTED REPORTS OR DATA PRODUCTS

CALL OUR TOLL-FREE ORDER DESK: 800-999-6779 (U.S. and Canada)

Other areas, please call 703-834-0125 FAX: 703-834-0110

(Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order acceptable for payment.) 

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ASSISTANCE

For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information about NASS or its products or

services, contact the Agricultural Statistics Hotline at 800-727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail:

nass@nass.usda.gov.
For a fresh assessment of agricultural prospects and

issues shaping your future, attend the U.S.

Department of Agriculture’s 75th Outlook Forum. 

Ample time will be available to network with hundreds

of experts from agriculture, business, and

government.

To get program and registration details, access the

Forum web site at www.usda.gov/oce, send e-mail

to agforum@oce.usda.gov or call 

(202) 314-3462. Register today; rates go up after

February 1.

February 22-23, 1999

Arlington, Virginia

Size Up Your Future.

Agricultural

Outlook

Forum

1999

• Farm and Commodity Outlook

• Long-term Prospects to 2008

• New Risk Management Tools

• Price Discovery Issues

• Farm Marketing Innovations

• Focus on China and Latin America

• First Look at the New Ag Census

• Impact of Dietary Guidelines and Nutrition Programs

Agricultural

 Outlook

 

Forum

 1999