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ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS

DIVISION I

No. CV-14-1026

FRANK BEECKMAN

APPELLANT

V.

ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF

HUMAN SERVICES AND MINOR

CHILDREN

APPELLEES

Opinion Delivered March 18, 2015

APPEAL FROM THE WHITE

COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT

[NO. JV2014-153]

HONORABLE ROBERT EDWARDS,

JUDGE

AFFIRMED

BART F. VIRDEN, Judge

Appellant Frank Beeckman appeals from the White County Circuit Court’s

adjudication of dependency-neglect as to his three teenage children, M.B. (DOB: 2-22-

1998), G.B. (DOB: 10-16-1999), and R.B. (DOB: 12-28-2001), on the bases of abuse,

neglect, and parental unfitness. Beeckman argues that (1) the trial court violated his dueprocess rights by refusing to order the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) to

disclose what form of abuse he was accused of committing, (2) there was insufficient

evidence to support a finding of dependency-neglect because the evidence showed that M.B.

physically resisted reasonable discipline, and (3) the trial court should have converted the

dependency-neglect case into a family-in-need-of-services (FINS) proceeding. We affirm. 

I. Procedural History

DHS filed a petition for emergency custody and dependency-neglect on June 26,

2014, alleging that Beeckman’s children were dependent-neglected on the bases of abuse,
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neglect, and parental unfitness.1 Attached to the petition was an affidavit describing the facts

leading up to the allegation of dependency-neglect. It provides under paragraph two:

b. On June 24, 2014, Family Service Worker Laura Holmes received a phone call

requesting assistance at the Beeckman home. FSW arrived at the scene at

approximately 3:30 P.M.. Once at the home, FSW observed three police cars parked

in the road, and Mr. Beeckman standing on the lawn in handcuffs. Mr. Beeckman

stated that he did not hit his son, [M.B.], with a chair but had only tried to take the

chair away from [M.B.]. Frank stated that [M.B.] hit him multiple times on his legs.

Mr. Beeckman had no injuries. Mr. Beeckman stated his son, [G.B.], witnessed the

entire thing and would explain what had happened. FSW went inside the home and

found [G.B.], [M.B.], and [R.B.]. [G.B.] stated that [M.B.] was being made to do

push-ups as a form of punishment by their father. [G.B.] stated that Frank was not

satisfied with the way that [M.B.] was doing the push-ups and that he kicked him and

told him to do it right and to stop being a baby. [G.B.] stated that [M.B.] then refused

to do any more push-ups. [G.B.] stated that is when Frank took a rolling chair and

started throwing it repeatedly at [M.B.] while [M.B.] was still on the floor. [G.B.] also

stated that on 06/23/2014, his father, made him pull weeds in the yard from 5:00

P.M. to 11:00 P.M. and refused to allow him to come inside when a thunderstorm

hit. FSW spoke with [M.B.] about the event and [M.B.] agreed to what his brother

had previously stated and showed FSW the scratches on his right arm and on the side

of his face. In addition [M.B.] added that approximately three days ago, his father,

pulled his hair and slammed his head into the floor for not doing a push-up correctly.

[M.B.] showed FSW the knot on the back of his head from the incident. [M.B.] also

added that since he and his siblings have been out of school that his father, has only

been allowing them one meal per day. FSW was concerned for the health and safety

of the children and the Department of Human Services placed [M.B.], [G.B.], and

[R.B.] on a 72-hour hold on 06/24/2014 at approximately 4:30 P.M., having

removed them from their father’s custody and care.2

[c]. CHRIS history shows TRUE finding in 2007 for Cuts, Welts, and Bruises and

Striking a Child age 7-18. Frank Beeckman is listed as offender. 

1DHS also named the children’s mother, Wendy Tugwood, in the petition. There was

evidence that Tugwood and Beeckman divorced in 2004 and that Tugwood lives in Canada.

Tugwood is not a party to this appeal. 

2A CASA court report introduced as an exhibit at the hearing indicated that

Beeckman was charged with third-degree battery and ordered to have no contact with his

children.

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3. The juveniles’ health and safety are in danger due to the physical abuse by

their father, Frank Beeckman.

II. Adjudication Hearing

G.B. testified he or his siblings got punished every single day. The most common

form of punishment was doing push-ups, and 100 push-ups was the standard number for

misbehavior. On the day in question, M.B. did not do his assigned chore, which was washing

dishes, and Beeckman ordered him to do push-ups. According to G.B., M.B. was either

doing them incorrectly or not doing them fast enough, and Beeckman began kicking M.B.

and then picked up an office chair with wheels and hit him multiple times. G.B. testified

that, while M.B. may have been cursing at Beeckman while doing the push-ups, M.B. did

not hit their father.

Detective Steven Cochran with the Searcy Police Department testified he took photos

of the scene and M.B.’s injuries. Cochran stated he did not check for injuries to Beeckman. 

M.B. testified he was doing his homework when Beeckman came home and told him

to wash the dishes. When he did not immediately get up, his father threw him onto the floor

and told him to do push-ups. M.B. testified Beeckman began kicking him in the stomach

when he did not do them quickly enough and called him “stupid” and said he was “a

moron” when he did not do them correctly. M.B. admitted cursing at his father but reasoned

that his father was cursing at him as well. M.B. stated that, when he pushed a nearby office

chair, his father grabbed the chair by its arms and began beating him with the chair’s legs and

wheels. When asked about his injuries, M.B. claimed, “I usually don’t feel that much unless

it really hurt real bad.” M.B. stated he was “kind of” afraid of his father. M.B. conceded that

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he had behavioral problems and had been in trouble at school, where he was in specialeducation classes.

The trial court ruled that, while parents have the right to discipline their children,

they do not have the right to abuse their child for disciplinary reasons. In finding the children

dependent-neglected, the trial court relied on the boys’ testimony and photographs of M.B.’s

injuries, which depicted “whelps, contusions and bruises.” The judge did not believe

Beeckman intended to inflict serious harm on M.B. The trial court found that, although

Beeckman’s actions were likely an emotional response, there was no excuse for striking M.B.

with a chair. 

III. Standard of Review

Adjudication hearings are held to determine whether the allegations in a petition are

substantiated by the proof. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-327(a)(1) (Supp. 2013). Dependencyneglect allegations must be proved by a preponderance of the evidence. Worrell v. Ark. Dep’t

of Human Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 671, 378 S.W.3d 258. We will not reverse the circuit

court’s findings unless they are clearly erroneous. Id. A finding is clearly erroneous when,

although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left

with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Moiser v. Ark. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 95 Ark. App. 32, 233 S.W.3d 172 (2006). In reviewing a dependency-neglect

adjudication, we defer to the circuit court’s evaluation of the credibility of the witnesses.

Worrell, supra. The focus of an adjudication hearing is on the child, not the parent. Id.

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IV. Beeckman’s Arguments

A. Notice 

Beeckman argues that the affidavit attached to the dependency-neglect petition

alleged “physical abuse” but was deficient due to its failure to allege with specificity the

“formulations” of the alleged abuse. He argues it was error for the trial court to not order

DHS to specify what type of abuse he allegedly committed, somewhat akin to a “bill of

particulars” from the realm of criminal law. Beeckman contends he had no notice and was

forced to guess which parts of the “abuse” definition applied. Beeckman makes no argument

with regard to parental unfitness, and he merely asserts—without developing an

argument—that he was not “charged” with neglect.

The trial court found that the petition and affidavit put Beeckman on adequate notice

of the allegations of abuse, neglect, and parental unfitness. We agree. The affidavit and

petition were detailed and specific so as to advise Beeckman of the alleged conduct being

asserted as abusive. While the trial court acknowledged that the “abuse” definition is “rather

lengthy,” it is apparent from the facts set forth in the affidavit which forms of abuse could

have applied and which ones clearly did not. Beeckman relies on Jackson v. Arkansas

Department of Human Services, 2013 Ark. App. 411, 429 S.W.3d 276, where this court

reversed on a due-process argument when the appellant’s parental rights were terminated on

a ground not asserted in DHS’s petition. Jackson is readily distinguishable. Here, while the

affidavit mentions only physical abuse, the petition itself alleged abuse, neglect, and parental

unfitness, and the trial court adjudicated the Beeckman children dependent-neglected based

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on all three grounds as alleged in the petition. 

B. Sufficiency of the Evidence

Beeckman argues there was insufficient evidence to prove dependency-neglect. He

describes the claims by his sons as “dubious” and says they are not credible. Beeckman argues

that he was faced with a large teenage boy who had a history of misbehavior, refused to do

proper chores, and was “vilely cursing his father.” According to Beeckman, M.B. initiated

the physical confrontation in that he shoved the chair toward him. Beeckman asserts that he

administered reasonable discipline and that the injury DHS relied on was so minor that M.B.

did not realize he had sustained an injury. 

“Dependent-neglected juvenile” means any juvenile who is at substantial risk of

serious harm as a result of acts or omissions to the juvenile, a sibling, or another juvenile,

including but not limited to, abuse, neglect, or parental unfitness. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-

303(18)(A)(ii), (v) & (vi) (Supp. 2013). Section 9-27-303(3)(A) defines “abuse,” in part, as

“any nonaccidental physical injury.” Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-303(3)(A)(v). 

The photos show that M.B. sustained physical injuries, and the trial court could

reasonably conclude that Beeckman’s striking M.B. repeatedly with a chair was not an

accident. The trial court clearly believed the boys’ testimony, and this court defers to the trial

court’s evaluation of the credibility of witnesses. Worrell, supra. The trial court was not

required to believe Beeckman’s assertion that his actions constituted physical discipline that

was both reasonable and moderate, and therefore not “abuse.” Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-

303(3)(C)(i). We cannot say the trial court clearly erred in adjudicating the Beeckman

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children dependent-neglected due to abuse. Because any one of DHS’s allegations would be

sufficient to support a finding of dependency-neglect pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-

303(18), we need not address the trial court’s findings of neglect and parental unfitness.

C. Family in Need of Services

Beeckman contends that his dependency-neglect case should have been converted to

a FINS case. “Family in need of services” means any family whose juvenile evidences

behavior that includes being habitually disobedient to the reasonable and lawful commands

of his parent. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-303(24)(B). There may have very well been substantial

grounds for a FINS case, but that bears no weight on the correctness of the dependencyneglect determination. While Beeckman suggests the two proceedings are mutually exclusive,

he fails to explain how being a family in need of services precludes an adjudication of

dependency-neglect. Nor does he cite any authority for his assertion. Assignments of error

that are unsupported by convincing argument or authority will not be considered on appeal

unless it is apparent without further research that they are well taken. Sparrow v. Ark. Dep’t

of Human Servs., 101 Ark. App. 193, 272 S.W.3d 846 (2008). We decline to address this

point.

Affirmed.

HARRISON and HIXSON, JJ., agree.

Jeff Rosenzweig, for appellant.

Tabitha Baertels McNulty, Office of Policy and Legal Services, for appellee.

Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor children.

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