“THE FORT ON THE FIRST BILL IN DORCBESTER? 

ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION§ 

OF COLONEL GRIDLEU’S 

Rl%‘OLUTIONARU WAR STAR FORT 

AT 

DORCHESTER FIEIGETS, 

BOSTON NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE, 

SOUTH EOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 

National Park Service - Denver Service Center 

Resource Planning Group 

Applied Archeology Center 

1998 
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Cover: Thomas Park in the 1930s. The Peabody and Stearns monument and the radial 

walkways that mark the salients of the sta.r fort are shown. The high school 

(foreground) is at the location of the former South Boston Reservoir. 
H30!5 @SC-RP) 

BOST-157-43 

United States Department of the Interior 

NATIOA’AL PARK SERVICE 

DSC-Resource “laming Group 

Applied Archeology Center 

12200-A Plum Orchard Drive 

Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 

Memorandum 

To: 

From: 

Reference: 

Regional Director, Northeast Regional Office 

Project Manager, Denver Service Center 

Boston National Historic Park, Package 157, Rehabilitate Dorchester Heights, Project 

Type 43 

Subject: Transmittal of Final Archeological Report 

The final report, “The Fort on the First Hill in Dorchester:” Archeological Investigations of Colonel 

Grid& ‘s Revolutionary War Star Fort at Dorchester Heights, Boston National National Historic Site, 

South Boston, Massachusens, by Drs. James W. Mueller, Steven R. Pendery and William A. Griswold is 

hereby transmitted for your library. The Applied Archeology Center completed the archeology and 

collaborated nicely with the Northeast Cultural Resources Center during the field and reporting phases of 

the project. The artifact collection has been returned to the Navy Yard. 

The requested Commonwealth of Massachusetts site form is attached with one specially identified copy of 

the report being shipped to the park. This special copy with the site form should be forwarded to the State 

Historic Preservation Office. This distribution of the final report completes all compliance requirements 

for this archeological project. Please direct any questions or comments to Jim Mueller of the Denver 

Service Center via cc:mail or at (301) 344-6260. 

I Attachment 

cc: (w/att.) 

S.I. Libraries Exchange, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC 20560 

Gifts and Exchange Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20240 

Archivist of the U.S., National Archives and Record System, Washington, DC 20408 

Department of the Interior Library, Gifts and Exchange Section, 18” and C Streets, N.W. Washington, 

DC 20408 
bee: 

Manager, Harpers Ferry Center/Library (w/z@ 

Manager, Northeast Cultural Resources Center/Library (w/att) 

Chief, Archeology Branch, Northeast Cultural Resources Center (w/3 att) 

Archeologist Griswold, Northeast Cultural Resources Center (w/3 att) 

Superintendent, Boston National Historic Park/Libray) (w/a@ 

Compliance Specialist, Boston National Historic Park (w/22 att) 

DSC-RPA-Mueller (w/3 att) 

DSC-RPA-Files (3. 1 w/2tt.! 

DSC-PGT-Libra&(w/att) ‘s filL;t~ fim dsr 

Jmueller:slp: 12/15/98:301/344-626O:finalrptrawdor 
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“THE FORT ON THJ3 FIRST HILL IN DORCHESTER:” 

ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 

OF COLONEL GRIDLEY’S 

REVOLUTIONARY WAR STAR FORT 

AT 

DORCHESTER HEIGHTS, BOSTON NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK, 

SOUTH BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 

by 

James W. Mueller, Steven R. Pendery, and William A. Griswold 

National Park Service 

Construction Package 

BOST 157 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

National Park Service 

Applied Archeology Center 

12,200 Plum Orchard Drive 

Silver Spring, Maryland 20901 

1998 

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ABSTRACT 

Background studies and field testing resulted in the discovery of parts of a star fort that was built on 

Dorchester Heights in May 1776. The work was done as part of the Section 106 compliance for 

improvements to the grounds and monument of Dorchester Heights, a unit of Boston National 

Historic Park, in South Boston, Massachusetts. The archeology was primarily done by the National 

Park Service authors on National Park Service property. Background studies were done 

intermittently beginning in 1990, while one season of fieldwork was done each year between 1994 

and 1996. This fort is unique in the region and rare in the United States because it is a 

Revolutionary War, earthen fort with masonry bridge abutments and powder house. 

The excavations were conducted in the undisturbed portions of the ditch, the entranceway, and the 

powder magazine. The lower half of the ditch as it had been dug into the native glacial drumlin was 

still intact with portions of a drainage cunette and a bunqzmte-like step preserved at the base of the 

ditch. The ditch was filed, probably in 1852, when the first grading for Thomas Park was done, 

with imported loam, rather than with the hypothesizedrumlin matrix from the parapets. Except 

for the gate area, the ditch ffl contained no military artifacts and contained very few artifacts of any 

kind. The ditch floor was found very close to the elevation predicted from a study of 200 years of 

historic drawings and maps. The shape of the ditch floor and floor features are presumed to date to 

1776 in the absence of contradictory evidence for 1812 modifications. 

Original, 1776 parts, as welt as modifications fort the War of 1812, of the entranceway and powder 

magazine were uncovered. The entranceway consisted of the original, 1776 masonry bridge 

abutments for crossing the ditch at the south-facing arm of the western salient. Possibly, a 

horizontal retractable bridge may have been used by soldiers to cross the ditch with their cannons 

and equipment. The abutment included part of the original, 1776 dram that is thought to have 

carried surface water from the parade ground into the ditch. This drainage was disturbed several 

times to repair the underground bracing system for the gate that was probably located along the 

centerline of the parapets and in line with the bridge crossing. The gate probably consisted of a 

double-door hung from vertical jambs that were supported by an underground sill threshold. The 

entranceway is located ~10s: to where it was shown on a 1776 drawing of the fort-on the somewhat 

protected south side of the fort, away from Boston and its harbor. 

The mortared, fieldstone foundation with supporting floor partitions and drains of the 1776 powder 

magazine were encountered. The magazine was small, but proportional to the size of the fort, and 

located underground, perhaps seven feet beneath the parade level of the north salient. Brick rubble 

suggesting abrick superstructure was found intramurally in the foundation. The magazine had been 

repaired or re-built in 1814 when the British threat during the War of 1812 increased; other repairs 

between 1776 and 1814 are possible. The location of the magazine under the exposed north salient 

on the Boston, harbor-side of the fort is surprising. Fragments of an officer’s epaulet were found in 

the rubble between the foundation walls and, except for musket balls from the ditch at the gate, 

comprise the only military artifacts found during three field seasons. 
ACKNOVVL,EDGEMENTS 

The authors appreciate the assistance of the staff of the Boston National Historical Park includmg 

Superintendent John Burchill, Assistant Superintendent Peter Steele, Preservation Specialist Stephen 

Carlson, and Chief of Maintenance David Rose and Marcy Eeitel. We also thank DSC project 

COTRs James Doherty and Jack Highland, as well as DSC job captain Randy Copeland and Park 

Planner Ruth Rapheal for their cooperation in the early stages of planning and design. At the 

Northeast Cultural Resources Center, Nancy Pendleton, Mary Troy, and Robin Maloney made 

valuable contributions to our work. We also owe the success of this project to the assistance of 

project volunteers Marley R. Brown, JR, Marley R. Brown, N, Diane Giglia, Nancy Osgood, and 

Roger Heinen. Finally, the daily contributions of Mr. Thomas Glover, a neighbor living across the 

street from the monument, worked tirelessly every single day and made an immense contribution to 

our work. His delight in recounting history to visitors will always be remembered and appreciated. 

The inspired participation of another neighbor, 12-year-old Christopher Cazenave, who had no 

previous archeological experience, will always be treasured. Finally, the authors are glad to part of 

the team that brought the improved Park, symbol of the South Boston’s historical role, to the 

citizens of the Dorchester Heights neighborhoods. 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ABSTRACT i 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii 

TABLE OF CON’IEA’TS . . . 

Ill 

LIST OF FIGURES Y 

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Vii 

LIST OF TABLES Vii 

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 

The Project 

The Environment 

Reader’s Guide to the Report 

CHAPTER 2. THROUGH THE YEARS 6 

Native American Settlement 6 

Fortification Theory--The European Prologue 7 

Fortification Praxis--The Regional Prologue 9 

Prologue to the 1776 Fortifications 11 

Prologue to the 1814 Fortifications 14 

CHAPTER 3. ON DORCHESTER HEIGHTS 17 

Linear Fortification--The March 1776 Chandeliers 17 

Point Fortification--The May 1776 Star Fort 20 

The War of 1812 Improvements 23 

Public Recreation and Linden/Thomas Park 25 

The Peabody and Steams Monument 26 

Twentieth Century Commemoration 28 

CHAPTER 4. PRIOR TO EXCAVATION 29 

Previous Field Studies 29 

Topographic Analysis 30 

The Predicted Morphology of the Fort 32 

Pre-excavation Stratigraphy 34 

Research Objectives 34 

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Table of Contents (continued) 

CHAPTER 5. METHODOLOGY AND NON-FORT EXCAVATIONS 

The Strategy 

The Tactics 

The Results of Test Units 2 and 3 

Summary 

CHAPTER 6. THE DITCH EXCAVATIONS 45 

The North Salient--Test Unit 8 and Extensions 45 

The Northwest Salient--Trenches 1,8,9 and Test Unit 1 46 

The West Salient--Trench 2 and Test Unit 4 52 

The South Salient--Test Units 10,7, and 5 55 

The Southeast Salient--Test Unit 11 59 

The Artifact Collection 59 

Summary 65 

CHAPTIB 7. THE GATE EXCAVATIONS 69 

The Scarp Abutment, Drain, and Gate Features--Trenches 3-6 and Test Unit 6 69 

The Counterscarp Abutment--Trench 781 

The Artifact Collection 83 

Summary 89 

CHAPTER 8. THE MAGAZINE EXCAVATIONS 91 

The Foundation--Test Units A-E, G-I, and K-M 91 

Drainage and Support Partitions--Feature 34 and 37; Units D and K 98 

The Artifact Collection 100 

Summary 102 

c-9. RECO MMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 105 

Recommendations 105 

Chronological Conclusions 107 

Military and Engineering Conclusions 108 

REI3-ERENcF.s CITED 

APPENDIX A--THE ARTIFACT INVENTORY 

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44 

112 

120 
LIST OF FIGURES 

1.1. The Location of Dorchester Heights in South Boston, Massachusetts 

1.2. An 1848 Sketch of Boston and the Dorchester Peninsula 

2.1. Cross-Section of the May 1776 Star Fort 

2.2. Horizontal Protection of Fortifications 

3.1. Pelham’s 1777 Map of Fortifications on Dorchester 

3.2. Gridley’s 1776 Rendering of the Star Fort 

4.1. Plan and Section of the South Boston Reservoir 

4.2. Telegraph Hill in South Boston on May 3, 1847 

5.1. The Location of Excavation Units 

6.1. Trench 1 (East Section) 

6.2. Test Unit 1 and Extensions 

6.3. Western Extension of Test Unit 

6.4. Trench 2 (North /Section) 

6.5. Test Unit 7 (South Section) 

6.6. Test Unit 5 (North Section) 

6.7. Test Unit 11 (East Section) 

7.1. The Gate Complex 

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7.2. The Gate Complex, Features 1-12, 22 (Details) 

7.3. The Gate Complex, Features 13-21, 23-27 (Details) 

7.4. Trench 3 (East Section) 

2 

4 

8 

8 

19 

22 

31 

33 

38 

47 

50 

51 

53 

56 

58 

60 

70 

rear pocket 

rear pocket 

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List of Figures (continued) 

7.5. Trench 4 worth Section) 

7.6. Trench 5 (Fast Section) 

7.7. Trench 5 (West Section) 

7.8. Barrier Gate 

7.9. Trench 6 (West Section) 

7.10.Trench 4 (North and South Sections) 

8.1. The Magazine Foundation 

8.2. Proffie H-I of the Magazine Foundation 

8.3. Profile F-A of the Magazine Foundation 

8.4. Profile E-D of the Magazine Foundation 

8.5. Reconstructed Vessels 

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80 I 

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84 

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93 

II 

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99 

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LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS 

I. Artifacts from Fill above the Ditch 

II. The Scarp Abutment, Drain, and Gate Repairs. 

III. Artifacts from the Gate and Magazine 

IV. The Magazine after Excavation 

V. Floor Supports and Drains of the Magazine 

LIST OF TABLES 

63 

78 

86 

94 

97 

1. Artifact Groups from the Non-fort Excavations 43 

2. Artifact Groups from the Ditch Excavations 61 

3. Artifact Groups from the Gate Excavations 87 

4. Artifact Groups from the Magazine Excavations 103 

vii 
CHAPTER 1 

INTRODUCTION 

“In the infancy of the contest in America, the rebels generally 

adopted the Star Fort, which, as it could not be an object of 

preference founded on the knowledge of its advantages and defects, 

we must ascribe to the influence of the French, who are generally 

supposed to be the inventors of that work, and with whom it still 

remains a favourite.” 

Lochee 1783: 61 

This report describes archeological investigations at the May 1776 star fort that is located at 

Dorchester Heights in South Boston, Massachusetts (l%gure 1.1). The investigations were 

conducted as part of the ground-disturbing rehabilitation of the historic site. The improvements 

included new retaining walls, electrical service, a sprinkling system, interpretive signage, and 

drinking fountain together with renovations of the Monument, landscaping, site furniture, walks, 

and trees. The planned changes are mapped on a set of construction drawings and described in text 

(Child Associates 1994). 

THE PROJECT 

Dorchester Heights, as a unit of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) since 1939, commemorates 

the Revolutionary War fortifications that were used to defend Boston and its harbor from British 

attack during the Revolution and the War of 1812. In the mid-nineteenth century, Dorchester 

Heights became a small recreational area in South Boston so that the public could enjoy the green 

space and the view from the hi!ltop. After many improvements, including a large monument in 

1902, the prominence continues to function as a park today. 

Archeological investigations were undertaken as a compliance project to discover and recover part 

of the cultural resources that would be adversely effected by the ground disturbing and 

rehabilitation activities. The investigations began with background studies of the existing literature 

and of historical documents. During the design and construction phases, certain resources were 

protected in the ground by moving proposed facilities to new areas where no in situ resources were 

located. Recovery of evidence was done through archeological excavation and by archeological 
Figure 1.1. The Location of Dorchester Heights in South Boston, Massachusetts. 

2 
monitoring of the construction work. The background studies, design changes, and the excavations 

were conducted prior to and during the construction. 

Dorchester Heights is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In addition to its famous 

monument, “Dorchester Heights/Thomas Park has significance for its 1) archeological information 

potential for the periods March 4-i7, i776, and May i776-i8i5; 2) as a park and part of the 

sanitary reform movement and small parks trend for the period 1847-1853 and 3) as a park and 

setting in which the Dorchester Heights Monument is located as part of the memorialization trend 

for the period 1877-1923.” (Child Associates 1993a: 183). The original fortifications of March 4- 

5, 1776, are considered significant at the national level, while the May 1776 fortifications are 

significant at the local level. 

Concerning compliance, the construction improvements to the Monument and grounds are 

consistent with actions outlined in the General Management Plan (GMP) for Dorchester Heights. 

Consultations between the Massachusetts State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) and the 

National Park Service were conducted several times prior to and during construction. The 

consultations were a valuable influence on the nature of the field investigations. Because of the 

mitigation proposal described in the NPS case report, the SHPO concurred with the recommendation of “no adverse effect” in accordance with the August 1990 Programmatic Agreement between 

the two organizations. A plan for consulting with Native Americans was prepared, but was never 

implemented because of the absence of human remains. 

THEENVIRONMENT 

Dorchester Heights is located on a glacial drumlin that was formed at least 12,000 years BP. The 

linear drumlin trends in an east-west direction, like many others in the drumlin field to the west and 

north (Child Associates 1993a: 6, Figure 2-l). By contrast, drumlins to the south and east are 

generally circular in shape. The “first hill in Dorchester” was a historical name that during the 

Revolution referred to the drumlin that today constitutes Dorchester Heights. An adjacent and 

slightly lower drumlin was called the “second hill in Dorchester” (Gridley 1776). Together, these 

two drumlins constituted the Twin Hills (Pelham 1777) of the Dorchester Peninsula during the 

Revolutionary Era. Dorchester Heights, on the south side of Boston Harbor, represents the highest 

elevation on the Dorchester Peninsula and in the adjacent Boston Harbor area. Dorchester Heights 

is higher than Breed’s (Bunker) Hill that fortified the north side of Boston Harbor. 

Dorchester Peninsula is bounded by Boston Inner Harbor to the north and by Dorchester Bay on the 

south (Figure 1.2). The Boston Harbor Islands are located immediately to the south and east of 

Dorchester Peninsula. Boston Harbor is protected by land projections such as Cape Ann to the far 

northeast and Strawberry Point to the southeast. The proximity of the Gulf Stream to Boston 

Harbor has resulted in somewhat ameliorated temperatures for this coastal area of New England. 

3 
1.2. An 1848 Sketch of Boston and the Dorchester Pe ’ The fortified Twin Hills of Dorchester Heights are 

a1 as;;94” oa&ske&(dra&y l&h4al&L w L nnnnnnn 
Today, and presumably in colonial times, Boston and environs enjoy a somewhat moderate climate 

found along the coastal portion of the northeastern United States. The mean temperature is 57 

degrees Fahrenheit in a fairly moist environment of 40 inches (average) of annual precipitation. The 

native vegetation of Dorchester Heights was an oak-hickory forest that became a source of building 

supplies and fnewood by the colonists. The colonists also c!eared the forest dluring the seventeenth 

century for pasturage and during the eighteenth century for farming. During the colonial period, 

exotic ornamental plants were introduced to the Dorchester Peninsula. By comparison, the 

Shawmut Peninsula, the historicalocation of Boston proper, was deforested by 1634 (Pousson and 

Seidel 1993: II-2). In addition, the rich and diverse marine life of coastal New England was 

available to both the Native Americans and the colonists. 

In contrast to other drumlins in the Boston area, Dorchester Heights partially survived the ravages 

of modernization because of the fortifications built on this prominence. The fort was a social 

gathering place for viewing Boston and its harbor. This gathering place became formalized as 

Linden Park in the early 1850’s, when 6 ft. of the fort and of the drumlin was removed. This 

approximate 6-ft. lowering was a minor modification especially in comparison to other drumlins in 

the Boston field, e.g. the second hill in Dorchester which was lowered to about one half of its 

original height for building and tilling purposes. Another example is Fort Hill that was 

significantly leveled in the 1868-72 period to fill Town Cove in Boston. This leveling of the 

drumlins yielded fti which was used to create new lands, e.g., the historic size of Dorchester 

Peninsula was approximately doubled by such landfill. 

Reader’s Guide to the Report 

In this chapter, the compliance reasons for the report and the environmental background are 

summarized. The second chapter includes the historical context and also highlights portions of the 

military history of fortification in the centuries prior to the Revolutionary War. The history of the 

fortification of Dorchester Heights and its transformation as a Park through the present are 

discussed in some detail in Chapter 3. The following Chapter 4 includes some of the remote 

sensing, topographic, and stratigmphic analyses that were done prior to fieldwork; research 

questions are presented also. The field methods and the excavations beyond the fort are discussed 

in Chapter 5. The remaining chapters are devoted to excavations of the fort at the ditch, the gate 

complex, and the magazine. Each chapter includes detailed descriptions of the stratigraphy, 

features, and artifacts and, secondly, a summary and analysis section. The final chapter provides 

the overall interpretations. Much of the fust five chapters and Chapter 9 were prepared by 

Mueller. The bulk of the text and graphics in Chapters 6-8 was prepared by Pendery and Griswold 

(1995a, 1995b, and 1996) as part of their management summary after each season’s fieldwork. 

Geometric factors are presented and French terms are used in this report to reflect the spirit of the 

military manuals of the 1770s. The use of French terms even dominated British military training 

schools of the period. The colonial fort builders were primarily English speaking at least in the 

coastal Massachusetts area, and the preference for French terms reflects the dominance of the 

French military theorist, Vauban, and the victorious France-American political alliance. 

5 
CHAPTER 2 

The long historical view of military fortifications prior to the specific events on Dorchester Heights 

is the primary focus of this chapter. This historical view includes a brief synopsis of the prehistoric 

and ethnohistoric periods, as well as a sketch of the defense of Boston and the general historical 

context. 

More is known about Boston’s prehistory than for many urban areas in the United States. In part, 

this is because of the activities of nineteenth and early twentieth-century archeologistsuch as 

Frederick Ward Putnam and CC. Willoughby at Harvard University’s Peabody Museum. More 

recently, Dena Dincauze has developed models for the changing use of the Charles River drainage 

throughout prehistory, and Barbara Luedtke has focused attention on the prehistoric use of the 

Boston Harbor Islands (Dincauze 1974, Luedtke 1975). Further intensification of research has 

resulted from compliance archeology conducted on large public works projects in Boston from the 

mid- 1970s until the present. 

Prehistoric archeological sites have been found in adjacent areas of Boston, Dorchester, and 

Roxbury. One fairly close prehistoric site is Savin Hill Park, 2 miles (3 km) south of the project 

area, that did reveal evidence for Middle Woodland lithic reduction and a Contact Period burial. 

The Boylston Street Fishweir in the Charles River is the area’s most famous prehistoric site, 

probably dating to the Late Archaic (Johnson et al 1942). However, no sites have been recorded 

for the Dorchester Peninsula, apparently an artifact of the area’s development. 

“Pow-Wow Point,” the first occupation of the Dorchester peninsula to be described by the 

European settlers, is thought to have been used as a meeting place and possibly a burial ground. It 

is located about l/2 mi. northeast of Thomas Park “at the foot of today’s K street [in South Boston 

where] there was a fresh-water spring and trees.” (Child Associates 1993a: 8). The Native 

Americans called this area Mattapanock. 

The coast of Dorchester Peninsula was first occupied in 1630 when passengers from the sailing ship 

Marv and John started a settlement of tents and cottages (ibid., 9). This area was called 

Dorchester, after their native town in southwestern England. The smallpox epidemic of 1633 that 

decimated the Native American population may have resulted from this first settlement. 

6 
Fortification Theory-The European Prologue 

Fortifications, according to one architecmral historian (Scully 1991: 277), shared a common 

intellectnal ancestor with landscape gardening in seventeenth century Europe: 

“Together, they [landscape gardening and fortifications] shaped a 

new architecture, an earth-moving art in which, at the scale of the 

landscape itself, the human will reached out to control the 

environment farther than human beings had ever been able to reach 

before. So the treatises written about fortification are much like those 

about gardens. They begin with geometry and go on to scale .. . ” 

Practitioners of both disciplines were Cartesians, it can be said, who were making pourtrahre 

upon the landscape and who were artistically celebrating cosmic order and human rationality. As an 

example, a Venetian describes a certain parterre (garden) laid out in the style of the great 

seventeenth century French military engineer, Sebastien le Prestre de Vauban. In addition, de 

Vauban collaborated with the great, seventeenth-century, French garden designer, Ie Notre, to 

create the royal gardens at Chantilly (ibid.). 

Vauban’s classic A Manual of Siegecraft and Fortification (French original in 1740; English reprint 

in 1968) was the primary and seminal reference work for conducting warfare through the eighteenth 

and 19th centuries. The War of Independence by the American colonists in the late eighteenth 

century took place at a transitional time when the formal seigecraft of the seventeenth century war 

of position was evolving into the field army style of war of the early 1800s. The latter style was 

exemplified by the Napoleonic wars of the early 18OOs, which may mark the beginning of the 

modem em of warfare (Rothrock 1968) 

Technologically, the European invention of the cannon in the 15th century had geometric 

implications that lasted for centuries in fortification art. In the long run, castle walls became thick 

in order to resist cannon balls, rather than high to resist human scaling. From the ground, low 

walls presented a smaller target to artillery tire. Low walls also permitted raking fire in a linear 

fashion, as opposed to pomt targets from the high walls of early feudal castles. In plan view, the 

walls also became shorter in length, resulting eventually in the complex star-shaped patterns of the 

eighteenth century (ibid., 2-4). These star forts consisted of numerous salients and reentrant 

angles so that the damage from incoming tire would destroy only a short length of the curtain. 

Improvements in the range of European weaponry through the centuries also had implications for 

the geometry of fortifications. The increased ranges meant that the defender’s batte de main (handto-hand) action againsthe overwhelming numbers of the besieging foot soldiers that occurred at the 

castle could be pushed farther out away from the castIe. This was done thrcugh spatial and 

protective extensions (Figure 2.1) such as thefosse (ditch or moat), the den&Zune (“strongpoints set 

into widened portions of the ditch surrounding the whole fortress”-- Rothrock 1968: 81), covert 

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Figure 2.1. Cross-Section of the May 1776 Star Fort. The terms used in the text are shown. 

(Modified from Gridley 1776) 

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Figure 2.2. Horizontal Protection of Fortifkations. The basic fort with its parade at the “4” 

location is surrounded by several “rings” of ditches, &mi-IUJES, and a glacis 

extending landward to the left. (From Muller 1799: 210, Plate XMIIII) 

8 
(“a covered way, corridor, or banquette running along the top of the counterscarp, protected by an 

embankment whose outer slope forms the gZacis”-Stokinger and Moran 1978: Appendix A, p.2), 

and the glacis (the sloping plane extending beyond the ditch). Some of these elements could be 

repeated several times to create safe distancing and to push the bamxie-main action farther from 

the citadel. Contemporaneous drawings of fortified citadels show this concentric, horizontal 

layering of siege features (Figure 2.2). Also, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the 

fortress was in effect “lowered” vertically into a hole to present a low target to the cannon of the 

besieging force. This was accomplished first by digging thefosse around the walls of the citadel 

and appearing to “lower” the fortress into the ditch and second by tilting and raising the outer area, 

the glacis, so that cannon fire tended to be pointed over the top of the fortress walls (Figure 2.1). 

Such construction in the vertical and horizontal planes “means moving the earth; it is like making a 

garden. Everything is slanting out on a continuous line of sight so that from the bastions and the 

curtain, the view is never impeded and it goes out along the gentle slope of the glacis into space.” 

(Scully 1991: 277-282). These symmetrical geometric creations on the landscape constituted 

artwork that served to protect and legitimize ruling dynasties and princes of war. Furthermore, the 

military manuals of seventeenth and eighteenth century contained drawings of the fortification 

pourtraiture that were also considered objets d’art of themselves. These objets d’art, executed 

with elegance and style, were presented as stately gifts to other nobles and princes, befitting the 

stately art of siegecraft. 

Functionally, the forts, citadels, and castles were permanent fortifications, that were sometimes 

isolated, sometimes raised points on a planar landscape. The structures were meant to resist the 

efforts of a besieging force or to defend a town or a landmark. The besieged forces were clustered 

at the fortified point. To be on the defensive in a citadel or fortified town meant to wait, to play, to 

practice, and to provision, primarily passive operations. By contrast, the siege operation was 

offensive and active, consisting of a series of temporary constructions of parallels, approaches, 

mines, and saps, all earth-moving operations. These constructions offered earthen protection to the 

besieging forces and were arranged concentrically upon the planar landscape around the fortified 

point. To be on the offensive meant to dig and build protection in the dirt. The arrangement of 

besieging and besieged forces was very formal, very stylistic, and very stately. Siegecraft was 

performed according to patterned geometry, partially predictable as laid out in European manuals 

and treatises. 

Many shapes of fortification were possible and many shapes, including triangular, quadrilateral, 

pentagonal, and hexagonal, were built, for various topographic and strategic situations. It can be 

safely said there were almost as many shapes as there were practicing military engineers/architects. 

For example, Hoyt prefaces his remarks, “According to some engineers . .” (Hoyt 1811: 38) and 

Muller likewise: “It is the custom of some engineers . . . ” (Muller 1799: 215). Costs, then as 

now, were a consideration, as shown by Muller’s (ibid., 212) statement, ‘I. . .but if this might be 

thought too expensive . . .‘I In spite of this individual variability, in general there may be said to 

be two schools, the French and the British, with the former perhaps being the more respected, due 

in no small part to the work of the Frenchman, de Vauban. Interestingly, Muller’s Treatise, even 

with the use of French terms, was written for use by the Royal Academy of Artillery at Woolrich, 

England. Coincidentally, the use of the stately French language may be said to reflect the stately 

art of the siege (Scully 1991: 281). 

9 
Fortifications were classified generally into regular and irregularar, depending on the fort’s sin&&y 

to basic geometric shapes, or lack thereof. Regular fortifications are the “default” style, usually in 

open areas, and irregular fortifications are used on high landmarks or near navigable waterways. 

Fotificzions near navigab!e setttgs are impxttt beaus they offer protection to trading ships 

and mercantile revenues (Muller 1799: 167-69). Such irregular, maritime forts can maximize 

protection of their artillery pieces by firing through roofed embrasures (early, quasi-casemates) 

rather than en barbette. Historically, complex star-shaped fortresses evolved during the seventeenth 

and eighteenth century as a reaction to the invention of powder and the subsequent development of 

artillery and mines. 

Star forts, like the one on Dorchester Heights, were perhaps the most contentious shape with the 

controversy also dividing between the French and the British schools. The British used the star 

shape with only limited frequency in the American War of Independence because of its construction 

difficulties and because itheld fewer occupants than simpler geometric forms (Green 1979: 102). 

Most star forts had 4-8 points with the difficulty of construction increasing directly proportional to 

the number of points. Garrisoned troops are particularly vulnerable to traversing fire when the 

besieging army surmounts the parapets, according to the French military theorist, (ibid., 57) 

Additionally, the star’s points cannot be defended by parallel fire. The shape of fortifications was 

also partially determined by the obtuse angles and diagonals of cannon fire from the besieging 

forces (Scully 1991: 285) 

Muller’s Treatise includes a few pages devoted to naval attacks upon land fortifications. Basically, 

he saw such situations as being rather one-sided in favor of the land forces, because the naval guns 

were fued from wavering ships and could only be effective when directly hitting the fort’s artillery 

pieces or men. Ships, lacking the protective parapet of land forts, were quite vulnerable, according 

to Muller (1799: 211-17). Earthen parapets were preferred in order to absorb the impact of 

incoming cannon shot and to avoid flying fragments when masonry and stone parapets were hit by 

fire. 

In summary, de Vauban is the one individual who had the greatest influence upon siegecraft and the 

war of position. In these North American colonies, it can be said that there was no comparable 

military theory. Here, a colonial American, codified praxis developed which combined 

architecture, technology, location, and strategy for the fust time in 1794 when the First American 

System developed against the threat of war from Great Britain (Cheek and Bali&i 1993: 3). The 

earthworks of the American Civil War and the trench warfare of World War I are recent 

descendants ofthe siegecmftradition, exemplifying the enduring importance of the earthmoving 

art of fortification. 

Fortification Praxis-The Regional Prologue 

Boston, primarily because of the large, protected harbor, served as an important trading center in 

New England and along the coastal colonies; it was made a seat of colonial government in the mid 

1600’s (Alterman and Affleck 1993: III-l). On the Shawmut Peninsula, which grew to become 

today’s Boston, a fort was built by ca. 1635 to provide a measure of self-protection. This fort is 

10 
depicted as a square, unbastioned fort (in the Book of Possessions; Clough 1927 cited in Alterman 

and Affleck 1993: III-3). This 1635 fort was probably located on what came to be lotown as Fort 

Hill in Boston. Bastions were added to this square fort which was readied for use against the 

British in the 1770s (Gridley 1776). During the Revolution, Boston was first occupied by British 

forces and then, ironically, besieged by Washington’s Continental Army, resulting in economic, 

and other kinds of hardships. Of the estimated 16,COO Boston residents, 9,000 fled the city during 

the siege. The city’s economic and population growth resumed when the Revolutionary fighting 

shifted to New York after March 17, 1776. AA (ibid., III-13) 

A small earthen battery line erected in 1634 was the first fortification in the Dorchester Peninsula 

area. Strategically located on Castle Island off the seaward point of the Peninsula, the battery and a 

later fort were intended to defend the passage to the emerging port of Boston. (Stokinger and 

Moran 1978: I-7, 8). Improvements were added throughout the seventeenth century under the 

auspices of the Massachusetts Bay Company. The early works were known as “a castle with mud 

walls,” and the island came to be known as Castle Island (Alterman and Affleck 1993: II-16). The 

British Crown officially assumed part of the responsibility for military protection of lands and 

people in 1701, when major improvements to the fortifications were begun for the Queen Anne’s 

War between the British and the Dutch. The enclosed fort came to be called Castle Wiiam, in 

honor of the British king. 

“In the late 1760s and early 1770s the fort was the British citadel and garrisoning point for Boston. 

With the advent of civil disobedience and revolutionary strife [e.g., the Boston Tea Party and the 

Boston Massacre], Castle Wiiam assumed adominant role in curtailing coastal trade into Boston, 

while its outbuildings and barracks served as a refuge for periodically displaced Royal officials. 

Finally, in early March 1776 the fort’s weapons were [ironically] turned against the rebel 

emplacements atop Dorchester Heights, as the island fought the only engagement of its career 

againsthe mainland positions it was originally intended to defend. . ” (ibid., p, I-10). 

Prologue to the 1776 Fortifications 

The British occupation of Boston began in 1768 when two regiments of redcoats arrived (Iimlall 

and Shi 1996: 20). This occupation began just five years after the conclusion of the French and 

Indian War (Treaty of Paris, 1763). In 1775, during the last year of the British occupation, three 

incidents of military confrontation between the colonists and the British occurred at Lexington, 

Concord, and Bunker (Breed’s) Hill on the north side of Boston. With the Battles of Lexington and 

Concord on April 19, 1775, as catalysts, the colonial encirclement of British-occupied Boston was 

underway. Having a population 16,000 on the eve of the revolution, Boston was the largest city in 

the Massachusetts Bay Colony. During the siege, 9,COO civilian colonials let% Boston town. On the 

night of March 4, 1776, the colonists fortified Dorchester Heights, the tallest prominence around 

Boston and located to the south of Boston. As a result of the fortification, standing orders from 

London, and bad weather preventing a counterattack, the British evacuated by ship through Boston 

Harbor and the Siege of Boston ended on March 17, 1776 (Frothingham 1849). 

The historical events that led to the British siege are a combination of political, military, and 

economic factors. The earliest hallmark event may have been the 1690 publication of John Locke’s 

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mo Treuhes of Government which described the republican philosophy that was to become the 

foundation of government in the American colonies. Among other topics, Locke wrote that 

authority should originate from people and the King and Parliament are accountable to the people. 

Jefferson relied heavily on Locke’s paper for his drafting of the Declaration of Independence. In 

ee.ence, t&. e&x&~! tl-ddcxs of the New World colonies had an ideology that was fully-fashioned 

and ready for adoption (Middleton 1996: 337). 

Another hallmark event. may be the termination of the French and Indian War, an event that had 

several implications for the colonists. First, and most important, with the departure of the French 

and the Spanish from the New World, the colonists no longer had to rely on Great Britain for 

protection and security (Nevins and Commager 1992: 57). Also, the colonists experienced military 

action and considered that fighting experience as training for military preparedness. The colonists 

had a certain amount of military self-confidence. From the British perspective, 1763 marked the 

end of 70 years of European inter-colonial wars; Britain was weary of war (P&ham 1964) and 

wanted to consolidate its empire. At the same time that Britain consolidated its holdings in the New 

World in 1763, it also won military victories in the Far East, becoming the primary power on the 

Indian sub-continent (Nevins and Commager 1992: 56). The consolidation of distant lands and 

disparate cultures fell to King George III, who ascended in 1760 in the midst of the French and 

Indian War. His ascendancy marks the confrmation of the House of Hanover, the beginning of 

British colonial supremacy, and begins another period in British political history (Nevins and 

Commager 1992). 

That period, beginning in 1760, is characterized in internal British politics by the primacy of 

Parliament over the Crown, the monarchy (Middleton 1996: 385). The colonists gave their primary 

allegiance to the King and his ministers; the sudden primacy of Parliament was a conflict with the 

traditional values of the colonies. Parliament became active in legislation, which the colonists came 

to see as an infringement upon their own legislative process. Each colony had a &i-part& 

government incIuding a royal governor, a system of judges, and a legislative assembly. The 

colonists saw the latter branch as able to make laws for their own benefit and as more representative 

than Parliament. One of the colonial liberties was the ability to make laws; why else were they 

allowed to have legislative assemblies ? Furthermore, the colonists regarded Great Britain as the 

bastion of liberty, as the font of civil life from which self-government emanated. This expectation 

of liberty was violated in various ways in the 1763-1776 period, leading to a social revolution and a 

War of Independence (Middleton 1996: 318.319,384-386). 

Economically, the philosophy of mercantilism dominated the British Empire and colonies at the 

time of King George Ill’s ascendancy. Mercantilism refers to the enhancement and centralization of 

wealth of the state; wealth was proportional to the state stock of property, silver, and gold. This 

philosophy was compatible with the centripetal forces of consolidating the empire (Nevins and 

Commager 1992: 58), not with the colonists whose concern for liberty represented acentrifugal 

force. Britain saw the colonies as trading companies (e.g., the Virginia Company) that could 

contribute to the wealth of the empire and began to regulate the colonies’ commerce in order to 

enhance British wealth. In the colonial view, this economic regulation was seen as an infringement 

of liberties and as something that could be legislated by the colonial assemblies, rather than 

Parliament. The colonial feeling of infringement was particularly strong in New England colonies, 

where few raw materials were available for trading to the mother country. This feeling grew, as the 

12 
colonies became more successful economically. 

The French and Indian War was the most recent, pm-revolution attempt at military cooperation 

among the colonies--militia men from various provinces were fighting side by side. The first 

cooperative intercolonial effort was probably the New England Confederation formed in 1643, 

when four separate colonies Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven) grouped 

together for protection againsthe French, Dutch, and Indians. Perhaps the Pequot War (involving 

Native Americans) of 1637 was one impetus for creating this alliance. For the remainder of the 

seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the confederation undoubtedly proved to be a useful 

instrument for military cooperation as a succession ofwars or skirmishes ensued: King Philip’s War 

(1675, involving the native Wampanoagroup), King Wii’s War (1689-1697), Queen Anne’s 

War (1702-1713), King George’s War (1744-1748), and the French and Indian War (1755-1762). 

The latter four wars were the colonial equivalent of wars among England, France, Spain and 

Holland for control of lands beyond Europe (P&ham 1964). These six military actions had the 

function of inuring the colonists to the presence of war, militia, and armaments on their own soil. 

The events of the 1763-1776 period and the Coercive Acts (the 1774 Boston Port Act, the Act for 

the Impartial Administration of Justice, the Quartering Act, and the Massachusetts Governing Act; 

Tindall and Shi 1996: 219-220) also served to galvanize the colonies into cooperating together for a 

common cause. These well-known events are the 1764 Currency Act, the 1766 Sugar Act, the 

1767 Townshend Duties, 1770 Boston Massacre, 1773 Boston Tea Party, and the 1774 installation 

of General Gage as Military Governor of Massachusetts. They will not be discussed in detail here 

because they have been discussed repeatedly in the literature and are part of general knowledge. 

Other, less well-known incidents include the 1772 Governor Hutchinson incident, 1772 Gaspee ship 

incident, and the Quebec Act (Tmdall and Shi 1996: 217) 

The colonial response to these acts and incidents was to cooperate and unify. These responses 

included the 1773 formation of the Committees of Correspondence, the 1774 Continental 

Association, and the 1775 Second Continental Congress. The Committees of Correspondence were 

an extension of the New England emphasis on the town as an instrument of self-government 

(Middleton 1996: 319). Towns were “run by small enclaves of a relatively privileged people, in a 

manner far removed from the spirit of a modem democracy (Middleton 1996: 321).” The idea of 

the Committees of Correspondence (Nevins and Commager 1992: 72 and Tindall and Shi 1996: 

218), began by Sam Adams in a Boston town meeting, quickly spread into other colonies. At the 

suggestion of the Virginia assembly, an intercolonial network of Committees of Correspondence 

was formed to mobi public resentment against Parliament. The “Continental Association of 

1774 recommended that every county, town, or city form a committee to enforce a boycott on all 

British goods Findall and Shi 1996: 222-223).” This grass roots network, created by the First 

Continental Congress, was connected to the leadership of all the colonies. The term, congress, was 

used to refer to the revolutionary governing body of each province and of all provinces, e.g. the 

Continental Congress. These bodies consisted of the educated thinkers and the general populace 

who advocated reform. In essence, they were the intercolonial, legitimatized equivalent of the mob 

that determined the course of politics in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The various congresses 

replaced the legislatures and assemblies consisting of conservative property holders, advocates of 

the status quo. The colonial legislatures and assemblies were partly controlled by the royal 

governors (Nevins and Commager 1992: 72). Massachusetts inparticular was distraught because it

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was the only one of the eight royal colonies in which the provincial governor was selected by the 

provincial legislature. Tension resulted when this liberty was removed from the colonies in 1774 

with the Crown’s appointment of General Gage as the Military Governor of Massachusetts 

(Middleton 1996: 316). 

In Boston and the Massachusetts Bay Colony, two additional responses followed: educated political 

thinkers became active politically and the general populace began mob rioting (Nevins and 

Commager 1992: 67). The political thinkers throughout the colonies produced such pamphlets as 

The Rig&s of the British Colonists Asserted and Proved (1764, James Otis of Massachusetts), 

Swnmary I&w of the Rights of British Amerka~ (Thomas Jefferson), Consideratibns on the Nature 

and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the British Parliament (James Wilson of Pennsylvania), 

and the Olive Branch Petition (1775, James Dickinson of Pennsylvania). Some poorly-educated 

radicals (e.g., Virginia’s Patrick Henry and South Carolina’s Charles Sumter) inspired the mobs to 

riot by their speeches and by their actions, providing the energy needed for the military aspects of 

the revolution. 

Prologue to the 1814 Improvements 

After the second Treaty of Paris ending the War of Independence in1783, America was primarily 

concerned with protecting its western borders and military stockpiles from Native American attacks 

along the expanding western frontier. However, after the French Revolution of 1789, the effects of 

continuing European political instability became an increasing concern of the newly formed 

American nation (Cheek and Bali&i 1993: 3). Americans were wncemed that Britain would gain 

the loyalty of Native American groups to block American westerly expansion and that Britain’s 

mercantilism with its experienced navy would threaten American rights of shipping and commerce 

on the high seas. In addition to the British threat, French ships captured American ships that were 

suspected of trading with France’s adversary, Great Britain. 

In response to both threats, the fledgling Federal government instituted the First American System 

(1794-1801) for the protection of its seacoast from British attack. As part of this System, Federal 

funds were authorized in 1794 for the construction of coastal fortifications that were designed to 

protect certain strategic seaports along the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. In reality, 14 

forts were built from Maine to Georgia, including funding and improvements to Fort Independence 

on Castle Island at the eastern tip of Dorchester Peninsula (Wade 1977: Appendix F and H). The 

fortifications were generally intended to be earthworks, faced with timbers when necessary 

(Anonymous nda: 73-lOl), but were variable in form and construction method, depending on the 

particular Army engineer in charge of construction. These are generally considered impermanent 

works that were “thrown up” quickly. This First System is largely the product of visiting French 

engineers, rather than being American in design (Lewis 1979: 3-6; Wade 1977: 5-6). On 

Dorchester Heights, the May 1776 star fort was built and possibly improved in 1780 before the 

start of the First System. 

During Jefferson’s terms in the first decade of the nineteenth century, he wanted to wncentrate 

America’s energy on peaceful nation building and to avoid involvement in the Napoleonic Wars 

(Nevins and Commager 1992: 138). However, “By 1805, warfare in Europe again effected the 

neutrality of the United States and its maritime trade. (Cheek and Bali&i 1993: 3).” France had a 

14 
naval blockade against Britain, and Britain blockaded French ports. Each country tried to control 

American trade from assisting the opposing country. British ships halted American ships to capture 

crews that were pressed into British service againsthe French navy (White 1965: 2-3). America’s 

maritime neutrality and rights had been violated once again. It was difficult to remain neutral 

(Nevins and Commager 1992: 138). 

Just after the end of the First System, the Louisiana Territory was purchased in 1803 by President 

Jefferson. This land acquisition buffeted and somewhat protected America’s trans-Appalachian 

holdings. In combination with European events, America’s attention turned to coastal fortifications. 

A renewed need for seacoast protection against both the French and the British resulted in the 

Second American System (1807-1814) of fortification. A total of 31 forts were part of this Second 

System that included two forts on the Gulf of Mexico, in addition to the exclusively-fortified 

Atlantic Coast as in the First System. The Second System was centmlized and coordinated at the 

federal level with most construction done by American engineers. Variability in form and 

construction method was less extreme compared to the First System. Most Second System 

fortifications (that included Fort Independence) were completed by the start of the War of 1812. 

Local funding and volunteer assistance by state and other institutions augmented the sometimesmeager federal funding (Cheek and Bali&i 1993: 4; Lewis 1979: 25-37; Wade 1977: 94, 177, 

Appendix F, G, and H). Such was the case at Dorchester Heights, where local church members 

assisted in the rehabilitation of the abandoned. 1776 star fort 

In a radical experiment at Jefferson’s request, Congress passed the 1807 Embargo Act, forbidding 

any foreign commerce. This hurt the American economy and, after much domestic grumbling, the 

Embargo Act was rescinded, replaced by the Nonintercourse Act. With this act of 1809, only 

commerce with France and Britain and their dependencies was forbidden. Commerce with either 

country would be resumed when that country ceased its attacks upon neutral commerce. Napoleon 

lied by claiming in 1810 that France was ceasing its naval attacks upon American shipping. In 

response, America briefly resumed commerce with France and continued its non-trading limitation 

with Britain. Britain was enraged and the American maritime neutrality was challenged again. Ill 

feelings ran high. War was declared in June 1812 during the Presidency of James Madison and at 

the instigation of land-hungry, Western and Southern war hawks such as Henry Clay and John C. 

Calhoun (Nevins and Commager 1992: 139-140). 

The Americans were ill prepared financially and militarily for the war. This was a legacy from the 

Jefferson Presidency when the army was reduced in sire, partly because itwas unbecoming to a 

Jeffersonian democracy and partly to pay off the national debt. A few naval victories were achieved 

due to some preparations and the Tripoli experience with Barbarry pirates. However, Britain still 

commanded the seas and maintained a blockade of American seaports. Most land campaigns, led 

by older generals, were unsuccessfnl. New England was generally opposed to America’s 

involvement in the War of 1812 and there were no campaigns in New England (Nevins and 

Commager 1992: 140-143). 

In Europe, in April 1814, the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire created a potential threat to 

the New England states because the British no longer had France as an adversary. Britain 

thought they could encourage New England’s opposition to the war with a show of military 

strength; revenge upon the colonies may also have been a factor. The British planned a naval 

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blockade and possible raids upon coastal New England towns to subjugate the historically 

troublesome area. Neither the blockade nor the raids were carried out due to 2 !2ck of 

I personnel (Tindall and Shi 1996: 386). However, the improvements to the Dorchester Heights 

star fort in September and October 1814 may have been made in response to this renewed 

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British pressure. This late-in-the-war pressure may be the explana,-.. A-- tinn fnr th..p_ !2te data ,.C 4-e c “I UI 

Dorchester improvements in comparison to the war’s beginning date of June 1812. 

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CHAPTER 3 

Continuing from the general historical context of the preceding chapter, the history of Thomas Park 

with special emphasis on the military activities and their commemoration is discussed in this 

chapter. In this introduction, a brief sketch of the civilian use of Dorchester Peninsula is presented 

as a prologue to the military events. 

Due to early military protection on what became Castle Island, Mattapannock in 1635 became the 

fast permanent inland settlement on Dorchester Peninsula with leadership by Reverend Richard 

Mather. The peninsula was primarily used for communal pasturage throughout the seventeenth 

century. In the following century, Oliver Wiswell owned farmland that included the present 

Thomas Park and also built a barn and home. The house and a skating pond may have been located 

603 ft. north of Thomas Park, near the angled bend in the present Fourth Street. By the 177Os, ten 

or twelve families lived on Dorchester Neck. In August, 1775, before the fortification of the 

Heights, 10 buildings are shown on Dorchester Peninsula, six of which are near the northeastern 

base of Telegraph Hill (des Barres nd: #47). The Wiswell home, along with houses of five other 

Dorchester families, was destroyed by the British on February 13, 1776, just prior to the military 

events on Dorchester Heights. In November 1776, after both fortifications of the Twin Hills were 

completed, there were 18 buildings shown on Dorchester Peninsula (ibid., #45). At this time on 

the Twin Hills themselves, there were six buildings, including two located in the swale between the 

Twin Hills. Travel to these houses was done by two roads leading to Castle William and to 

Powwow Point, as described more fully in the next section. The former road connected to the 

Dorchester Turnpike and to the meetinghouse road on the mainland. These houses, roads, and 

improvements comprised the colonist’s use of Dorchester Peninsula when the March 1776 military 

activities on Dorchester Heights occurred. 

Linear Fortification-The March 1776 Chandeliers 

Fortification of Dorchester Heights by American troops on the night of March 4-5, 1776 was 

apparently part of an offensive strategy to draw the British out of Boston to engage them in a 

similar manner as was done at Bunker (Breed’s) Hill in Charlestown in June 1775. Because of an 

especially cold winter, the opportunity existed for General Washington to simultaneously transport 

troops across the frozen Charles River from Cambridge to attack Boston on the north. Colonel 

Rufus Putnam, an engineer, proposed to General Henry Knox (artillery) and to Colonel Richard 

Gridley (engineer) the idea of using chandeliers, or portable breastworks, to fortify areas of ground 

that was frozen to a depth of 18 in. (Thacher 1827: 41). This plan met with George Washington’s 

approval, and Gridley and Knox apparently (possibly with Putnam’s assistance according to Cone 

1886: 45) were instructed to implement it. General Mifflin was the Quarter Master who aided the 

engineers. 

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A chandelier consisted of a wooden framework to hold a series of fascines (tied bundles of bushes 

and small tree limbs). The fascines served as breastworks to protect the militia and could also be 

rolled downhill to maim the advancing British soldiers. Putnam describes the chandelier thusly: 

“conftructed [sic}of one Sill, 10 feet long & 6 inch Square with two posts 5 feet long of the fame 

f= framed into the Sill 5 feet apart, each fupported by a Brace on the out Side-they are placed on 

the ground at a proper distance from each other the open fpace between the post are then fiLled 

bundels of Fafciens ftrongly picketed together--” (Buell 1903: 58). These structures were 

assembled out of sight of the British during the several weeks preceding the March 4-5 fortification. 

Pelham’s map (Figure 3.1) may show the line of chandeliers or the Twin Hills depictions may 

simply be symbolic. 

March 5 was selected for the completion of the fortification because itwas the anniversary of the 

Boston Massacre in 1770 (Cone 1886: 45); revenge for the heinous Boston Massacre was one 

colonial motivation for this date. On the evenings of March 2, 3, and 4, Washington ordered a 

diversionary bombardment of Boston from Cambridge. On the evening of March 4, General John 

Thomas supervised a working party of 1,200 men with more than 300 oxcart to transport the 

chandeliers, fascines, tools, and hay (to muffle the noise of the militia) to Dorchester Heights from 

Cambridge (Child Associates 1993a and particularly Fritz 1993). This detachment was protected 

by a covering party of 8oo additional men who marched in front of the working party. 

Probable routes for part of this march may be the raods and traits indicated on PeLham’s 1777 map 

(Figure 3.1) of Dorchester Heights. Those trails (dotted) on the south side of the Heights offered 

the colonists protection from the British to the north. The march may have also used the northsouth Dorchester Turnpike (des Barres nd: #47 and Badlam 1810) that connected Boston with the 

town of Dorchester located on the mainland south of the Dorchester Peninsula. Other less likely 

roads for the march include the east-west “Road Leading to Castle William” (Spurr 1764) that 

connected with “The Way Leading to Powwow [sic] Point” (Spurr 1765) to provide fairly close 

access to Dorchester Heights. These two roads are considered less likely than the one shown by 

Pelham because they are located on the exposed, northern side of the Heights, exposed to the 

British in Boston and the Harbor. Other roads close to Dorchester Peninsula include “The Lower 

Road to Boston” (Badlam 1810) and the “Road to Dorchester North Meetinghouse” (Withington 

1807) that are still less likely routes for the colonial militia. 

After arrival on the Heights, construction began at 8 pm on March 4 under the direction of Colonel 

Richard Gridley. On the morning of March 5, the British awoke to the sight of a continuous line of 

fortifications extending across the Twin Hills of Dorchester Heights. Several colonial regiments, 

marching from Cambridge at 4 am on March 5, were chosen to relieve the initial group; the relief 

regiments were on duty for nearly 24 hours. During this time, one colonial military surgeon, 

James Thacher, dressed no wounds and reported that “Not more than two or three men were killed 

or wounded during the twenty four hours” (Thacher 1827: 42). 

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.- P Figure 3.1. Pelham’s Map of 1777, Showing the 1776 Dorchester Fortifications. North is to 

the right. 

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Concerning the British reaction, General William Howe was heard to say, “I know not what I shall 

do, the rebels have done more in one night than my whole army would have done in weeks” 

(Thacher 1827: 43). Although Howe apparently had considered removing his troops from Boston 

in the fall of 1775, he ordered an attack on Dorchester Heights in response to these provocations of 

the colonial fortifications. The attack was halted when the British militia (from Castle William) and 

the British fleet were forced to turn back because of stormy weather. 

Washington, meanwhile, ordered the fortification of Nook’s Hill on Dorchester Peninsula nearly 

one mile (1.5 km) closer to Boston, directly threatening British positions in Boston. Four 

Americans were killed in this effort, delaying the completion of Nook’s Hill fortification until 

March 16. On March 17, the British evacuated Boston after spiking cannon and dumping military 

stores and other useful goods into Boston Harbor. Two months after the British evacuation, the 

chandeliers were replaced by permanent forts. These forts-plus those on Dorchester Point, Castle 

Island, and Boston Neck-were part of the continuing colonial defense of Boston and its harbor. 

Lingering smallpox delayed the entry of Commander-in-Chief Washington’s troops into Boston 

until March 19. The abandoned British defenses ranged in quality from gabions (barrel-like 

containers tilled with rocks and dim) on Copp’s Hill to the heavily fortified works on the Boston 

Neck (Frothingham 1903: 329). Washington ordered most of the British forts and entrenchments to 

be leveled, and shifted the defensive strategy for Boston further out into the harbor. 

One of the earliest and most accurate of the maps showing the March 1776 fortifications on 

Dorchester Heights is Henry Pelham’s “Plan of Boston” (published in 1777; Figure 3.1). In plan 

view the fortifications are shown as a continuous line (of what may be chandeliers) across the area 

labelled as “The Twin Hills.” The fortifications also featured four rectangular, bastion-like 

projections. The map is roughly consistent with a frontal, but distant, sketch showing a continuous 

line of for&i&ions along the northern mid-slope of Dorchester Heights (Anonymous 1776). 

Point Fortification-The May 1776 Star Fort 

After the Continental Army occupied Boston, Commander-in-Chief Washington moved his 

headquarters to New York and Colonel Richard Gridley was put in charge of the Boston harbor 

defenses. Gridley, who was born in Boston in 1721, served as an engineer at Fortress Louisbourg 

(Nova Scotia) in 1745. He entered the British army as a colonel and Chief Engineer in 1755. 

Gridley served in the expedition to Ticonderoga in 1756 and constructed Fort George on Lake 

George. He was appointed Chief Engineer of the provincial army near Boston in 1775, developed 

the plan for the redoubt on Breed’s Hill, and oversaw its construction on the night of June 17, 

1775. 

On May 13, 1776, Gridley wrote to Commander-in-Chief Washington that “Fort Hill & Dorchester 

point Forts, Charles Town Fort & the Fort on Noddles Island are now in a posture of defense, with 

platforms Laid, & Cannon Mounted on them.“(Sellers and Van Ee 1981: 202) Because of this 

letter, the completion date of “the star fort on the first hi in Dorchester” is taken as May 1776. At 

the same time, a rectangular, semi-bastioned fort was built on the second hill located about 0.2 mi. 

to the northeast of Dorchester Heights. These two forts occupied strategically secondary positions 

compared to Castle William and Dorchester Point. In his letter quoted at the beginning of this 

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paragraph, Gridley also referred to his intention to send to General Washington depictions of these 

forts, which he managed to do later in December 1776 (Figure 3.2). 

The star fort on Dorchester Heights, as shown by Gridley’s artful presentation to Washington, was 

hexagonal, a six-pointed fort with 11 emb.msures. Becase the embms~ures were located near the 

re-entrant angles, most of the ditch (and its interior wall, the scarp) of each pointed “salient” could 

be protected by cannon fire. This protection is an advantage of the star shape of forts. It is likely 

that the cannon deployed included some of the 59 cannon and mortars hauled from Crown Point 

and Fort Ticonderoga by Major General Henry Knox as well as cannon salvaged from the British 

occupation of Boston. The ditch and the outlying @ slowed attacking foot soldiers so that the 

garrisoned soldiers with muskets on the banquettes behind the parapets could fire more effectively 

as the attacking militia crossed the glucis, the open area between the e and the ditch. The fort 

entranceway, shown with an interlocking doors to form the gate, is located midway along the 

southern face of the western salient. 

Gridley’s drawing shows that the parade was an approximate 60-ft. square, providing less than l/10 

acre of parade ground. Part of this space was devoted to a building (barracks or magazine) adjacent 

to the northeastern salient. From counterscarp to counterscarp (the exterior edge of the ditch), the 

fort measured approximately 220-230 ft. The maximum dimension, from abatis to abatis, was 

approximately 320 ft. The base of the ditch was depicted as 8 ft. below the parade ground and 3.5 

ft. wide at its base (Gridley 1776). In Muller’s (1799) description of various shapes of forts, the 

most commonly mentioned width for the ditch around the fort is 10 or 12 toifes. An unembellished 

line sketch (Anonymous nd) of a hexagonal star fort may be a preliminary version of the Gridley 

artistic rendering. 

According to contemporaneous construction methods, the fort’s shape was laid out geometrically 

upon the ground, as explained by Hoyt in Practical Instructions for Military Officers. “A redoubt 

with fix fsicl falient angles, may be traced by describing an e&lateral triangle, as in problem 26, 

dividing each tide into three equal parts, and on the middle part of each tide, tracing an equilateral 

triangle outwards.” (Hoyt 1811: 43). The ditch was dug first, and the dirt from the ditch was piled 

up next to it to form the parapets. Construction was conceived as a “balanced job,” so that the dirt 

volume removed from the ditch was equal to the dirt needed for the parapets. Fort construction 

was considered an earthmoving s, a sister discipline to landscape architimre (Scully 1991: 

277), as described in the “Fortification Theory--The European Prologue” section of Chapter 2. 

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Figure 3.2. Gridley’s 1776 Rendering of the Star Fort. This pou?VainCre was presented to 

General Washington by Colonel Gridley . 

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This star fort, the remnants of which are still buried at Dorchester Heights, is apparently the same 

fort as described by Gridley in a November 1776 letter that includes a list of materials (reproduced 

in the American Archives) apparently used in construction : 

No. 3 Fort on Dorchester, southernmost hill 

2626 feet of Oak Plank 600 feet of Joist 

912 feet of Pine Timber 2320 feet of Boards 

11CKl Pickets 6000 Shingles 

50 lbs. of Spikes 6,ooO 4-penny Nails 

Two buildings containing-- 

3,000 lOpenny Nails 450 feet of Timber 

500 20-penny Nails 

The quantity of boards and planking and the construction details of the 1776 plan suggest that these 

wooden materials may have been used to build the cannon platforms, gate, and possibly as 

revetment for the parapets. Wooden revetment was a construction method used by British 

engineers at the Bunker Hill citadel and admired by the Americans for its strength (Frothingham 

1903: 331). Gridley’s letter and plan view indicate that a second building had been added to the fort 

by November 1776. This building may also have been a barracks or a powder house. 

Concerning the number of troops garrisoned on Dorchester Heights for the duration of the War of 

Independence, there is one primary source of information. A payroll list from August 10, 1779 for 

Captain Lemuel Clap’s Company stationed at Dorchester Heights lists a total of 94 troops including 

two lieutenants, eight sergeants, eight corporals, a drummer, tifer, and 73 privates (Clap 1779). 

Remarkably, 14 members of the company are from the Clap family, 11 from the Bird family, and 

5 from the Wiswell family. Other Dorchester Neck residents include Withington and Foster family 

members. A secondary source (Child Associates 1993a :15) claims that the number of militia for 

the Dorchester Heights and Point forts varied even in the four short years between December 1776 

and October 1780. Federalist appropriations to improve coastal defenses in 1794 and in 1807 (the 

First and Second American Systems, according to Lewis 1990: 21-36) against European attack 

appear not to have been used for the Dorchester Heights fortifications. Apparently, local monies 

were used for the expenses of garrisoning the Dorchester Heights star fort. 

The War of 1812 Improvements 

In the summer of 1814, the town of Boston grew concerned about the possibility of an attack by 

British ships of war. On September 3, a town meeting was held expressly to provide a “means of 

defense in the present exposed and dangerous situation of this town” (Palfrey 1882: 309). 

Volunteers were recruited to build Fort Strong on Noddle’s Island and other defenses. On 

Dorchester Heights, the Revolutionary War star fort was also improved by the addition of a new 

powderhouse and cannon platforms (O’Connor 1988: 20-221; Tcomey and Rankin 1901: 133). By 

November 3, 1814, several of the works around Boston had been completed, but were never 

engaged in battle. News of peace arrived early the next year. 

The two documented improvements to the Dorchester Heights Star fort were made between midSeptember and mid-October 1814 primarily by 250 volunteer parishoners under the leadership of 

23 
Boston’s Roman Catholic Bishop, Jean Louis de Chevens. A description of improvements to the 

star fort on Dorchester Heights in 1814 was also found in the October 1, 1815, letter from Horace 

C. Story to Chief of Engineers Brigadier General Joseph G. Swift (Fritz 1993:39). Story’s letter 

describes the “voluntary contribution of labour from the citizens of the neighboring towns” in 

throwing up “a hexagonal star fort on the superior [eminence].” Also, Story (quoted in Fritz 1993: 

39) writes that 

“The narrowness of the ditches [ten feet], the shortness of the flanks, 

the very considerable talus of the works with their little height, the 

many irregularities of the ground in the vicinity, afford shelter to an 

assailant, [and] combined with other defects & inconveniences, 

appear to have yielded but little security & very slight means of 

annoyance.” 

All in all, the War of 1812 improvements were not remembered as being as skillfully or as 

scientifically done as the forts of the War of Independence (Pinch 1824: 338-348 quoted in 

Frothingham 1849: 412-414). Perhaps, the noble cause, the historic nostalgia, and myth-making 

attached to the Revolutionary War (petchenik 1978: 112) were related to this comparison of 

fortifications used in the two wars. Finch’s (1903: 413) statement is as follows: 

“It is to be regretted that the entrenchments thrown up by the army 

of the Revolution, on the heights of Dorchester, are almost entirely 

obliterated by the erection of two new forts in the late war. But 

some traces of the ancient works may be seen on both hills; the old 

forts were constructed with more skill, and display more science, 

than the recent works, the ramparts of which are even now falling 

down; and we would gladly see them destroyed, if from their ruins 

the ancient works could reappear” 

After the wars, the star fort was depicted on regional military maps of Boston and environs, and 

several symbols were used. The fort was shown as a square (Rebel Works . . .1778, without 

bastions and Wadsworth 1817, with bastions) or a rectangle (Bowen 1829). Latter, the fort was 

depicted as a pentagonal star (Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in London 1844). 

Furthermore, the fort on the second hill northeast of Thomas Park was rectangular in plan but was 

depicted by Bowen and by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in London by the 

same icon as the Dorchester Heights star fort. Apparently the styles of at least Boston cartographers 

were idiosyncratic and changing in style from an early quadrilateral to a later pentagonal star. The 

fort did not change its basic plan view at anytime since May 1776. The depictions appear to be 

only icons and cannot be taken as representational; they can be found in Child Associates (1993a). 

The fortifications are also shown from a distance in R. P. Mallory’s (1848) drawing of Boston and 

the harbor. Remains of earthworks are also shown in the Bernard Spindler lithograph, “View of 

Boston from Telegraph Hill, South Boston,” which may be dated by the completed improvements 

to the early 1850s (Child Associates 1993a: 22). A reproduction of an earlier Harrier’s Magazine 

wood block print of Dorchester Heights and the harbor is included in King’s Handbook of Boston 

(King 1878). These drawings do not add any new information concerning the fort’s characteristics. 

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The fort is depicted in neither the McIntyre map of Boston of 1852 nor in the Colton map of 1855. 

Throughout the first half of the 19th century, the earthworks continued to survive in spite of 

erosion, visitors, and the construction of the adjacent Reservoir. This conclusion is documented in 

several artic!es fron? +he South Boston Gazette +hat w e r e fo*und by C;mtlia z&w&j and reported 

in Child Associates (1993a). In 1849, just prior to the construction of Thomas Park, visitors could 

“take a walk upon the Forts and get a glimpse” (South Boston Gazette, August 25, 1849; no title) 

of the reservoir construction. At the dedication of the Reservoir, “four hundred school children 

marched to the fort . . . [and] Mayor John P. Bigelow delivered a speech from a stand on the east 

part of the fort, and cannon were fired.” (South Boston Gazette 1849). By February 1853, the 

protruding parapets, had been “thrown down to make way for modem improvements.” (south 

Boston Gazette and Dorchester Chronicle. February 5, 1853: 2; no title). 

Public Recreation and Linden/Thomas Park 

The transformation of this fortified drumlin into a sacred and social place began informally in the 

early 19th century and then was crystahized during the small park movement of the mid-19th 

century. During the first half of the 19th century, Dorchester Heights and the remnant 

fortifications were a social gathering place from which a good view of Boston was obtained. 

Undoubtedly, the drumlin was considered sacred ground due to its history in the Revolution, as 

shown by the Finch (1815) quotation in the preceding section. By about 1838, a safety rail on the 

parapet, possibly allowing visitors to walk safely on the fortifications, is shown on a drawing by J. 

T. Wilmore (on tile at the Boston Athenaeum). This image indicates that the parapet was 

“breached” on the north, possibly for a visitor entry. 

The small park movement in Boston involved both upgrading of existing open spaces, such as the 

Boston Common and various burying grounds, as well as the construction of new parks. The 

construction of Linden/Thomas Park falls within this second category although the summit of 

Dorchester Heights already informally functioned as recreational open space. Planning for Thomas 

Park was initiated in the 1840s by the Superintendent ofPublic Lands for Boston to complimenthe 

laying out of house lots, streets, including Thomas Street Circle, and the South Boston Reservoir. 

The reservoir was built in response to a petition sent by 1700 South Boston residents to the Mayor 

of Boston requesting the introduction of improved Cochituate drinking water and a municipal park. 

The improved drinking water was part of the sanitary health reform (also related to the park 

movement) that was intended to replace the wells fouled by the plethora of family privies in the 

growing South Boston neighborhood. The distributing reservoir, containing more than 7.5 million 

gallons, was built into the east side of Dorchester Heights and was officially dedicated in November 

1849. The dedication for the opehing of the Reservoir took place on November 23, 1849, and 

descriptions of the revelries in the Soyth Boston Gazette (December 1, 1849) include mention of the 

fort from where a children’s chorus sung and speeches were made. In 1849, the 73-year old fort 

was still standing. 

Thomas Park was not intended to be highly ornamental, and began as a simple recreational, green 

space utilizing formerly historic grounds that afforded a pleasant view. Construction work on 

Thomas Street Circle and Linden Park probably began in 1852. The South Boston Gazette and 

Dorchester Chronicle (June 5, 1852; no title) reported the three following completed works (my 

25 
emphasis): “The & around the common has already been named, as we notice by a s&t which 

bears the words ‘Linden Park’ this is quite appropriate in consideration of the &J mden trees] 

that encircle the walk. ” The waik probably refers to the sidewalk next to the Thomas Street Circle. 

The park was not referred to as Thomas Park until the City Auditor’s Annual Report of 1870. 

These same reports refer to the improved and improving drumlin both as Telegraph Hill and as 

Thomas Park. 

Expenditures described in the City Auditor’s Annual Reports and the South Boston Gazette articles 

mention “grading, levelling, sodding, team work, labor, loam, manure,” as the types of 

construction activities and supplies involved in the early 1850s development of Thomas Street 

Circle and Linden Park. There is no mention of expenditures for waIks. Whether paths were part 

of the original Linden Park of the early 1850s cannot be empiricaily supported. Most of the 

expenditures for the early 185Os, when expenses were fairly high, are thought to have been used for 

Thomas Street Circle, which was a major engineering project. In support of this conclusion is 

Colton’s 1855 Map of Boston and Cole’s 1859 drawing of South Boston, both of which show 

Thomas Street encircling the top of Telegraph Hill. By comparison, the earlier map (MacIntrye 

1852) shows no road at the present location of Thomas Street Circle. 

As part of the small-parks movement, Thomas Park, perhaps by the 187Os, came to follow the 

example of Boston Common with allees or tree-lined walkways crossing grassy areas. The 

panoramic view out towards Boston Harbor continued as the main attraction. The first dated 

documentation for internal walks comes from Hopkins’ (1874) atlas that shows dotted line paths 

radiating symmetrically from the “FLAG” at the presumed top of the Telegraph Hill. Those paths 

are virtually the same as today’s The paths radiating outward come within a few feet of the salients 

of the star fort, and it is interesting to speculate that the radii walks were commemorative of the 

earlier star fort. In the same year, 1874, a large expenditure of $3,594.65 was spent for laying 

asphalt concrete, i.e., “tarring,’ the paths in Thomas Park. Another plan view that dates to pre 

1881 shows a related symmetrical path design that is more looping than radial (Child Associates 

1993a: 42,43, Figures 2-19,and 2-20). The postulated high expenditures on Thomas Street Circle 

support the idea that the green space did not receive major funding until perhaps the 1870s. A 

modest, granite monument commemorating the evacuation of Boston was constructed in 1877 on 

the north side of the park. By about 1874, a flag was probably installed near the top of Telegraph 

Hill (Hopkins 1874: Plate 18). The first photographs of the park, ca. 1877-78, show paved walks 

with benches between an ailee of trees. Thomas Park began as a simple, commemorative green 

space that continued to develop throughouthe nineteenth century. 

A 1913 Olmsted Brothers survey of the site depicts site improvements made up until that date. 

Asphalt paths existed into the 1920s and 1930s. Improvements in grading, utilities, and site 

furnishiigs are captured in photographs from 1913 until the present and are documented somewhat 

in the records of the Boston Parks and Recreation Department. 

The Peabody and Stearns Monument 

The construction of the Monument in the 1900-02 period created certain disturbances to the fort. 

The fort at this point was not in pristine condition because of the development of Thomas Park in 

the second half of the 19th century. The only disturbance prior to the Monument documented in 

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the historical record is throwing down the parapets. Other analyses to be described in the next 

chapter show that the parade ground, the ramparts, and the upper portions of the ditch were also 

destroyed in the Thomas Park improvements. In this section, the activities related to the 

construction of the monument will be described, some of which impacted the buried remnants of 

the fort. 

In 1900 when construction of the Monument began, the natural grade in front of the present 

Monument entrance was 148.5~ft. elevation. This grade was lowered by an unspecified amount in 

order to “remove all loam from the site of the building and for fifty feet outside of it on every side 

and pile it up in one place on the Common {sic) where directed” (Peabody & Stearns 1899: 5). 

This construction had a direct impact on a 50 foot by 50-foot area at the summit of the park but 

apparently caused minimal disruption elsewhere. The 5@ft. square includes the parapets and the 

parade ground, but except for the gate complex, does not include any of the ditch. All of the 

excavations except those at the gate complex are beyond the 50-ft. square of loam removal. The 

same specifications also described a contingent activity as follows: “Also if any old wells, 

cesspools, or other holes are found on the site, fill them up with concrete of quality specified for 

foundation concrete” (ibid). The lowered natural grade (lowered due to loam removal) appeared to 

be the construction grade, from which a foundation hole was dug for the placement of the 

foundation pier and walls. 

After completion of the foundation, the foundation walls were then partially backtilled on the 

exterior, creating an interior crawlspace under the Monument. The backftig was done in the 

manner described in the specifications: “Fill in solid around all walls ramming the earth home well” 

(Peabody & Stearns 1899: 4). The fill soil, as described in 1992, probably was “medium brown 

with light-colored sand homogeneously mixed in (with one exception, and consisting of} . . . 

pieces of brick, marble, and wood mixed with sand and other soils and litter” (Hunter, Inc. 1992: 

Section 2.0, no page given). The elevation of the crawlspace floor in 1902 when the Monument 

was completed was not given, but can be assumed to be close to the 1992 elevation of 

approximately 146 ft. (Child Associates 1993b: Plate 5, p. 143, “Sub Sheet No. S5, Cross 

Section”). 

Peabody & Stearns’ (1899: 4, 10, and 13) specifications for the Monument construction also 

included provisions for the construction of the following six underlined items: a marble basin and a 

4 in.(diameter), clay pipe dry dram around a flower bed with curbs and a glared clay pipe 

conductor leading from a 4 ft. (diameter) dn/ well. The “top of well {is to be) laid over with brick 

arch laid in cement and to have iron manhole and cover all complete.” If these features were 

actually built, they probably had little effect upon the topography. However, certain features may 

be part of the storm sewer system added ~a. 1905, when the Tower amenities were completed. The 

installation of the storm sewer system resulted in raising the elevation of the western portion of 

Thomas Park with 5 ft. of fiu to protect the pipes from freezing. 

Peabody & Stearns also planned for the beautification of the remains of the earthen embankment 

(Figure 2.13, herein) of South Boston Reservoir that is located on the cut slope east of the 

Monument. The beautification consisted “of a design for terracing in a suitable manner this at 

present unsightly slope . {to) form an agreeable link between the handsome high school building 

and the Monument on the height above it” (Peabody 1905: 2). The planned slope improvement 

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was never completed (Child Associates 1993a: 28). Therefore, the existing flat area that is visible 

in the vegetation on the still unsightly slope probably represents the earthen remains of the reservoir 

embankment. 

The Twentieth Century Commemoration 

The Peabody and Stearns monument which dominates the park today was started in 1900 to 

commemorate the Revolutionary War accomplishments on Dorchester Heights. Commemoration of 

the role of Dorchester Heights in the Siege of Boston manifested itself in other ways. The 1926 

session of the state Legislature passed a resolve to create a committee to commemorate the 150th 

anniversary of the transportation of artillery by General Henry Knox through the Commonwealth. 

The State of New York developed a similar program that year and granite markers with bronze 

inserts were installed in towns along the route. A historical marker that matched the small 1877 

marker was installed south of the Peabody and Stearns monument on Dorchester Heights. 

Transfer of the park from the City of Boston to the National Park Service was a continuation of the 

commemoration that began in the 1870s. The transfer was authorized by the Commonwealth of 

Massachusetts in1939, and the property was designated as a historic site in 1951. It was added to 

Boston National Historical Park in 1978 and ownership transferred to the federal government in 

1980. 

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CHAPTER 4 

PRiOR TO THE EXCAVATIONS 

As part of the background study and of project planning, several field studies and continuing 

documentary analyses were undertaken. The documentary studies include the three-dimensional 

analyses of more than 200 years of graphic and textual sources (presented in detail in Mueller 1993) 

that were intended to evaluate the degree of disturbance to the fort and to the drumlin. The major 

conclusions of the field and documentary studies, and their influence on the research objectives, are 

presented in this chapter. 

Previous Field Investigations 

Weston Geophysical conducted a remote sensing survey of Thomas Park in September 1992 and 

reported the results (Weston 1992). The field survey involved ground-penetrating radar (GPR) done 

at intervals of 10 ft. east-west and 20 ft. north-south and electromagnetism (EM) done at 5-foot 

intervals north-south. The GPR survey resulted in the identification of five broad, shallow 

depressions inside the upper perimeter walkway of the park, many point anomalies, and several 

buried utility lines. The EM survey resulted in the identification of metallic-reinforced cement in 

the perimeter sidewalks and in a large anomalous area located immediately adjacent to the north and 

northwest borders of the monument and, presumably beneath the monument. Mueller’s 

interpretation of Weston’s data in combination with the ongoing historical research led to a 

recommendation for archeological testing in order to identify and evaluate the potential resources 

suspected to be present beneath the modem surface of Thomas Park. The failure to archeologically 

verify the remote sensing results may be due to the large GPR/FM intervals compared to the small 

excavation units, as well as mapping error, soil moisture, and the masking, underlying glacial 

matrix (Griswold et al 1997). 

Haley & Aldrich (1994) excavated eight backhoe trenches to gather data concerning the causes of 

the slope movement that was damaging the retaining walls and sidewalks. These excavations, 

conducted in January 1994, were partially monitored by Mueller and by DSC Geologist Jim Ellis. 

The engineering tests were conducted in two elevational positions--on top of the steep downslope 

adjacento the upper perimeter walk and at the base of the downslope adjacento Thomas Street 

Circle. Due to the extreme wind-chill conditions of -20 and the contractor’s necessarily rapid and 

deep work, no archeological information was obtained. Depths to in situ drumlin soils varied 

between 1.6 and 10 ft below the 1994 ground surface; in two tests of 8 and 14.5 foot depth, the 

glacial drumlin was not reached 

A study of soil samples (Hunter 1992, appended in full to Child 1993b) was done in order to detect 

hazardous materials in the crawlspace beneath the monument. Certain metals exceeded tolerable 

limits. The archeological implications of the study are discussed in the construction of the 

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monument in the preceding section. Soil samples taken from the earthen crawlspace floor beneath 

the Monument are described in Hunte~ (1992). Descriptions of these samples can be compared to 

the excavated soils. 

Parts of the underground drainage system have been recorded in a recent video and written report 

(Sewer Tech 1993). Some of the pipes may date to the construction of the monument and thus may 

be historic. The drainage system on Thomas Street Circle that connects to parts of Thomas Park is 

shown in plans on file in Boston (e.g., City of Boston 1905). The pipes were clay and probably had 

both 8 and lo-in. dieters. 

No previous archeological excavations have been conducted on Dorchester Heights. 

Topographic Analyses 

Between approximately 1850 and 1868, the top 6 ft. of the crest of Telegraph Hill was removed as 

part of the creation of Thomas Park the early 1850s and probably 1852 is the best-estimated date. 

The removal was not part of the reservoir construction because of the newspaper account that 

mentions the fort parapets at the dedication of the ceremony in November 1849. Most (4.5 ft.) of 

this lowering involved the removal of the parapets, although the parade ground and the soil 1.5 ft. 

below the parade to an elevation of 149.7 ft. were also removed. This conclusion is based on a 

comparison and calculations of the elevations given on two independent documents: 1) Map G-258, 

dating from November 1847 that gives the elevation of the “Top of Fortification” as 154.68 

(Boston City base) and 2) my calculation of the elevation of the crest of Telegraph Hill as 148.36 

ft. based on Bradlee’s (1868; Fig. 4.1) cross-section and profile through the reservoir. 

After 1868, the elevation of Telegraph Hill at the Monument location remained virtuaUy unchanged 

at 148 ft. In other words, the construction of the Peabody and Stearns monument did not 

significantly alter the elevation of the crest of Telegraph Hill. This conclusion is based on a 

comparison of four documents: 1) Bradlee’s 1868 prohle, 2) Peabody and Steam’s (1899) working 

construction drawing for the planned Telegraph Hill monument, 3) the Olmsted Brothers’ (1913) 

topographic survey, and 4) Bryant Associates (1992) topographic survey prior to the 1995 

construction. However, the monument construction may have disturbed remnants of the fort 

because the foundations for the monument extended deeper below ground than had any other earlier 

improvement. The fill inside the crawlspace of the monument may contain the best potential for 

containing early military artifacts. 

In the extreme western perimeter of Park, the grade was raised to the 1992 elevation of 128 ft. 

(Boston City Base) between approximately 1868 and 1904. The best-guess date for this raising 

would be in the first four years of this century when the monument and watering system were 

completed and, it is speculated, the long-anticipated final landscaping was completed. It is 

hypothesized that a 10 in. clay drain pipe was laid on the 1900 ground surface and covered with 5 

ft. of freeze-protecting fill. This drain pipe connects Thomas Park to the city storm sewer system. 

These conclusions and hypotheses are based on the same four drawings as above as well as Boston 

Sewer Division Drawing 132-1352, dated May 1905. 

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Sor~t7r/Bost57~~- Reser-soir. 

Figure 4.1. Plan and Section of the South Boston Reservor (Bradlee 1868). This graphic was 

crucial in reconstructing the topographic changes to Telegraph Hill since the 

creation of Thomas Park. 

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The Predicted Morphology of the Fort 

After the War of 1812 had ended, the improved star fort was described thusly: “Each of them [each 

fort of the Twin Hills}is surrounded by a narrow ditch of about ten feet width at the bottom.“(Story 

1815 quoted in Fritz 1993: 39). Even though Story described .the ditch as narrow, the 10 ft. is 

considerably greater than the 3.5 ft. bottom width depicted by Gridley (1776). The base of the ditch 

was probably widened in anticipation of a attacking musketeers or riflemen because the function of 

the ditch was to force the hand-to-hand action and the closein small arms firing further away from 

the fort. This is more likely to have occurred during the Revolution than during the War of 1812, 

when defense against naval artillery was the main concern. 

Later, in the 184Os, surveys of Telegraph Hill resulted in two c~cial graphics concerning the 

location and morphology of the fort. The first, dated May 3, 1847, was a plan view of Telegraph 

Hill showing the reservoir, fort and its parade, parapets, and ditch (Figure 4.2). This plan was the 

third detailed plan of the fort (as well as Gridley’s rendering, Figure 3.2, and the National Arcbive~ 

unembellished line drawing). These three graphics differed somewhat in detail and orientation and 

speculation developed concerning their relative accuracy. This speculation was major part of OUT 

thinking and almost assumed the status of a research objective during the fieldwork. 

The second survey graphic was Map G-258 (mentioned in the preceding section) also gave another 

vital elevation--an elevation of 150.2 ft. (Boston Base) for the “Interior Surface” of the fort. That 

elevation is taken to representhe parade ground of the fort. Also, the “Top of Fortifications” 

point, i.e., the remnants of the parapets, was only 4.53 ft higher than the interior surface. 

However, in 1776, Gridley’s profne shows that the parapets were 8.5 ft. tall above the parade 

ground (assuming the accuracy of the profile). The parapets became 4 ft. shorter between 1776 and 

the late 1840s. 

This change can be explained by comparing Gridley’s profile and Story’s (1815) description. When 

Story’s 10 ft. width is superimposed between the scarp and counterscarp across Gridley’s (1776) 

ditch profile, the vertical distance between the superimposed line and the ditch bottom is 5. This 

depth conforms approximately to the 4-ft. height lost from the parapet wall between 1776 

(Gridley’s drawing) and the late 1840s survey (Map G-258). Numerically, the coincidence of the 4 

and 5 ft. heights is interesting and may signify that the parapets were thrown down into the ditch 

after the end of the War of 1812 and before Story’s observation. It would not have been done 

during the War when the documentation says that cannon platform were improved. The full height 

of the parapets was needed to preserve the embrasures and to maximize the range of the cannon. 

Gridley’s drawing also shows the ditch to be 8 ft. deep below the level of the parade ground. The 

ditch may be the deepest part of the fort and the part with the best chance of surviving the ravages 

of mid-19th to 20th century improvements. The elevation of the base of the ditch can be predicted 

in two ways. The first method assumes that the parade level (150.2 ft.) was horizontally flat in the 

fort’s center and all the way out to the gun embrasures at the salients. In this case the base of the 8 

ft. deep ditch is predicted to be at 140-142 ft. elevation (allowing that there may as much as 2 ft. of 

deposits eroded from the parapets onto the parade). The second method assumes that the 50 ft. 

long salients sloped somewhat downhill to conform to the drumlin’s shape. In this case, the parade 

level at the salient would have dropped 6 ft. given the present curvature of the drumlin and the base 

of the ditch should be at 134-136 ft. elevation. These sloping salients would have left the parade 

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Figure 4.2. Telegraph Hill in South Boston on May 3, 1847 (City of Boston 1847). This plan 

was made during a topographic survey for laying out streets in South b&on. 

33 
more exposed than horizontal salients, but it should be remembered that during siege the banquettes 

and the embrasures, not the parade, were locations of men and weapons. The military manuals state 

that allowance should be made from the Cartesian models to allow for topographic vagaries; such 

probably was the case at Dorchester Heights. 

Pm-excavation Stratigraphy 

The depositional history of the fort parapets and ditch led to other stratigraphic predictions 

concerning the entire history of Dorchester Heights. Prior to the 1994 field work, an expected, 

hypothetical stratigraphy was sketched as a possible guide for interpreting the soils encountered 

during the excavations. This predicted stmtigmphy was drawn by sketching those soil-related, 

historical events (from Chapter 3) as strata that were arranged chronologically in order of 

deposition and removal. The sketch included the following past stratigraphic events (arranged from 

oldest first to the most recent last): 

1. presumed Native American prehistoric occupation, combined(?) in the plow zone with, 

2. the Wiswell family agricultural use, 

3. rubble from the March 1776 fortification, 

4. construction of the May 1776 star fort and its ongoing improvement through 1814, 

5. ditch colluvium from 1776-1814 and from 1815~. 1850, 

6. redeposited subsoil from the parapets used to fill the ditch, 

7. loam from the 1850’s, for Park landscaping and the 1870’s for walkways, 

8. removal of certain preceding strata in the 1900-1902 construction of Monument, 

9. construction of raised plinth at Monument base (and burial of large metallic objects), 

10. loam to re-landscape after Monument and western drainage construction, 

11. excavation of depressions, related to drainage/retaining walls or walkways (?), and 

12. final re-grading after #ll excavations and cement sidewalks in 1930s. 

This hypothesized stratigraphy would not be standard across the entire site, e.g., the stratigraphy 

near the Monument would be different than that near the perimeter walkway where the remote 

sensing resulted in the identification of large depressions. The selection of the 1994 tests took this 

spatial differentiation into account, to be described in ,the Strategy section of Chapter 5. 

Research Objectives 

1994 Season. Most of the historical background study described in the previous two chapters was 

completed before the excavations commenced. This history formed an implicit research design 

involving the clarification of at least those 12 historical events that could be archeologically 

identifiable. This implicit research design was done in the event that no evidence of the 

fortification was encountered. The probability of encountering military evidence was thought to be 

low to moderate. 

Also, the historical information collected during the background investigations led to a suspicion 

that parts of the fort’s ditch may still be in tact. This suspicion was enhanced when elevations and 

profiles from 200 years of historic graphics were analyzed, leading to the prediction concerning the 

elevation of the parade ground and of the base of the ditch, as described in the preceding section. 

Because the parade ground and fort features higher than the parade had been destroyed, parts of the 

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prediction were not considered testable. However, because the base of the ditch was still thought to 

be undisturbed beneath the 1994 ground surface, this prediction was tatable and becarme one 

research objective for the fall 1994 excavations. 

The -cd reseaxh objective derived from the newspaper accounthat stated ‘mat the parrpets had 

been “thrown down” (South Boston Gazette and Dorchester Chronicle, June 5, 1852; no title) as an 

early step in the grading to create Linden/Thomas Park. The words “thrown down” were 

interpreted literally to mean that the subsoil that had formerly composed the parapets was pushed 

into the void of the ditch in order to prepare for the landscaping of what would become Thomas 

Park. Certainly, it seemed this would have been most economical in terms of modem construction 

practices (i.e., a balanced job where dirt from higher elevation cuts is used to fill low places). This 

prediction led to a larger concern in the fieldwork-that the subsoil went through a depositional 

cycle as it was used historically. The cycle involved first the excavation of the compact, in situ 

subsoil to secondly, the piling of the redeposited secondary subsoil above the historic grade to form 

the parapets and then thirdly when the forts were “thrown down,” the “m-interment” of the 

secondary subsoil into the void of the ditch from its original location. This depositional history 

meant that there were three kinds of subsoil that might be encountered in the field. 

In addition, the geologist working with the Haley and Aldrich soil testing recognized two kinds of 

natural in situ subsoil coming from different depths of the drumlin. The higher natural stratum 

consists of reddish-orange subsoil, resulting from the weathering/oxidation of the more exposed 

part of the drumlin. The lower natural stratum is less weathered and less oxidized, presumably also 

less intense in its reddish-orange color. These two additional types of subsoil were not entered into 

the depositional equation regarding the uses of subsoil in the fort’s history. 

The third research objective for the fast season was to ground truth the results of the remote 

sensing by placing controlled excavation units at eight locations that represented the diversity of all 

remote sensing anomalies. There were a,maximum possible 98 locations where a remote sensing 

anomaly was to be impacted by planned construction activities. Because of restrictions imposed 

upon the CRM project, initial testing was restricted only to those areas that were to be disturbed by 

construction. Because of restricted funding, only eight locations were selected from those 98 

possibilities. The eight locations were purposefully chosen so that one excavation sample of each 

class of anomaly was obtained and also that a balance of expected, pm-1850 military resources and 

post-1850, recreational, Park-related resources was attained. A recreational research design was 

written prior to the 1994 field season as a contingency in the event that no military features were 

encountered. The unused recreational research was a test for the effect of the Monument on the 

viewing behavior and recreational patterns (active vs. passive) of the Park visitors. 

1995 and 1996 Seasons. After the fort ditch was discovered in the 1994 season, another research 

question emerged. It was known historically that the May 1776 star fort was improved during the 

War of 1812 and possibly also during the Revolutionary War. The clarification of any 

improvements made to the fort became part of the expected results. 

Two other research questions came to the surface after the fust field season in 1994. It wasn’t sure 

that these could be answered through compliance archeology. The first derived from the absence of 

military artifacts in the 1994 excavation. It was hypothesized that the greatest concentration of 

35 
artifacts would be found outside the gate in a trash context. These surface deposits may have been 

graded away during the creation of Linden/Thomas Park. However no construction impacts were 

planned in this area and so this question was not archeologically testable during the compliance 

investigations. The second question derived from the historical record, there were no improvements 

made to the Dorchester Heights star fort under the First American System of coastal defense in the 

1794-1804 period (Tewis 1979: 140 and Child Associates 1993a: 15). The question remained 

Why did the 1776 fort with its strategic and historical roles in the 1770s lose its importance to the 

point that no Federal funds were spent in the 179Os? The historical record, not the archeological 

record, leads to a speculative conclusion: that Castle Wii assumed the primary role in the 

defense of southern Boston Harbor after the Revolutionary War. 

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CHAPTER 5 

The approach to the fieldwork was based on the factors discussed in the preceding chapter. The 

approach, including the selection of excavation units and procedures, is discussed in the Strategy 

and Tactics sections of this chapter. The laboratory methods are discussed in the Tactics section. 

In addition, the findings from two excavation units (in the 1994 season) that did not encounter any 

fort features are also discussed in this chapter. 

The field work included three sessions of excavations and numerous monitoring sessions that took 

place between October 1994 and May 1996. The fast field session between October and December 

1994 consisted of testing and resulted in me discovery of the ditch surrounding the May 1776 fort. 

Subsequent field sessions opened up large areas of block excavations (Figure 5.1) at the fort 

entrance (1995) and at the magazine foundation (1996). Archeological monitoring of construction 

in 1995 resulted in the discovery of the magazine foundation and of the stopcock chamber for the 

Reservoir (Johnson 1996). Other monitoring resulted in minor discoveries and is described in notes 

on file at AAC and NEZCRC. The remainder of this report is concerned only with the May 1776 

star fort, which is referred to throughouthis report as the fort. 

The Strategy 

After the initial excavations encountered the ditch of the fort, the examination of remaining parts of 

the fort became the overriding concern of the investigations. As the fieldwork uncovered additional 

parts of the fort, additional background research was done. 

The 1994 Season. The initial research questions created before the start of fieldwork involved a 

combination of military, recreational, and remote sensing questions. The sampling plan reflected 

this tripartite design by specifying eight excavation units (out of a possible 98 impacted locations) 

where the probability of encountering military and recreational artifacts at a diversity of the remote 

sensing hits was at least moderately good. Four units were selected on the north side and four on 

the south side of me Park for equal spatial distribution (Figure 5.1). The four northern units were 

excavated first and resulted in the discovery of the fort ditch in Test Unit 1 and, in a very disturbed 

condition, in Test Unit 8. However, the prediction that the ditch would be fdled with secondary, 

redeposited subsoil from the parapets was not supported by the one well-preserved, ditch example. 

Because of the Test Unit 1 discovery and because of the 1847 survey plan, we had a fairly good 

idea of the location of the fort ditch and felt confidant in locating other excavations units at the 

predicted and impacted locations of the ditch. Thus, the last four units to be dug in the 1994 season 

were located on the south side of the Park where, it was later discovered, the ditch was preserved 

better than on the north side. The four units were selected solely by their location near the fort 

ditch--the remote sensing and the recreational aspects of the “research design” were abandoned. In 

37 
* \ /K * * * 

Figure 5.1. The Location of Excavation Units. The outline of the fort ditch from the 1847 survey (City of Boston 1847) 

is shown. 

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fact, the last four units were placed so as to obtain a balanced sample of the scarp and counterscarp 

of the ditch on the protected, southern side of the fort, the side not directly exposed +o the British 

forces of the Revolutionary War. The second half of the 1994 season plus all of the 1995 and 1996 

field effort were devoted entirely to military features. 

1995 and 1996 Seasons. Most investigations in these two seasons developed opportunistically as 

expansions of discoveries made during testing and monitoring. The 1995 tests were intended to 

locate additional examples of the ditch and resulted in the discovery of the gate complex, where 

most of the excavations took place. The 1995 monitoring resulted in the discovery of a feature that 

was later identified as the magazine, where all 1996 excavations took place. 

The 1995 tests focus& on locations where the construction impacts to the ditch could not be 

avoided. These locations were necessary because of the required symmetry in the landscape 

design. The symmetry of Thomas Park was a characteristic that dated back to the first illustrations 

of the 1870s (Hopkins 1874) and that was considered essential to the renovation of the green space. 

The unavoidable impacts included tree plantings and light pole bases that were located near the 

monument where the fort’s reentrant angles were also located. In other words, most of these point 

impacts were going to impact the ditch and could not be re-located. 

Testing by manual excavation units and by long backhoe trenches occurred at these locations of 

unavoidable impacts. Controlled excavation units (point samples) were placed at single impact 

locations, e.g., a tree planting or light pole in isolation. Long backhoe trenches (linear samples) 

were excavated where two impact locations crossed the predicted location of the fort ditch. In the 

1995 excavations, &l deep ground disturbances that would impact the fort ditch were tested; there 

was no sampling as there was in the 1994 season. In addition, the excavations were intended to 

obtain data from each of the five remaining salients, particularly on the south side where our 

fieldwork had showed that the ditch was better preserved. The entire eastern salient and most of the 

southeastern salient had been destroyed by the construction of the reservoir in the late 1840s. 

Because of the archeological findings and due to design symmetry, the inner row of trees, those 

closesto the monument were completely omitted from the construction plans. 

General. The controlled manual excavation units (5 ft. square) were selected so that reasonable 

artifact samples with good stratigraphic information could be obtained for the initial testing of the 

remote sensing results in 1994. They were also used by themselves in 1995 to test single impacts 

such as tree plantings and light pole bases. A large number of contiguous 5 ft. square units were 

combined into a single block excavation to cover the large area (10 x 15 ft.) at the magazine 

foundation in 1996. In the 1995 and 1996 excavations, the 20th century, Park-related deposits 

were stripped from the top of these excavation squares prior to the manual excavation of the earlier 

deposits. 

The second excavation unit was the backhoe trench which varied in length from 10 to 35 ft. and 

was usually one backhoe bucket wide (18-30 in.). Backhoe trenches in general produce a 

maximum of profile information, but a minimum of artifacts. There were 9 trenches that intersected 

the ditch. The gate complex was investigated by means of 4 additional trenches that were generally 

5 ft. wide and 10 or 12 ft. long. The archeological backhoe excavations were monitored by usually 

2 and sometimes 3 archeologists to examine the work and to prevent damage to the military 

39 
resources. The backhoe removed the higher, Park-related deposits that were visually checked for 

artifacts by the monitoring archeologists. The ditch fdl of some backhoe trenches was manually 

excavated until the sterile pattern of the ditch fill was contirmed. In these cases, the backhoe 

removed the upper portion of the ditch fill, while the deeper fill at the base of the ditch was 

manually dug and screened. For horizontal controls, the trenches were generally subdivided into 5 

ft. long segments, corresponding to the manual excavation units. 

Generally, uncontrolled shovel tests were considered too small and also non-stratigraphic, and so 

were not used for initial testing in 1994. However, one shovel test was dug in the second season 

(1995), and it turned up no evidence at the known location of the ditch. That location was then 

expanded into 2 backhoe trenches that also found no evidence of the ditch. 

The collection strategy changed to avoid redundancy in the collection and to minimize costs of the 

required NPS cataloguing and of long-term curation. In 1994, most man-made artifacts and 

fragments were saved and catalogued into the NPS system, the Automated National Catalog System 

(ANCS). This nearly 100% collection strategy from eight manual excavation units excluded only 

repetitive samples of construction materials, e.g., bricks, nails, window glass, etc. This collection 

provided a total collection of all classes of artifacts so that in subsequent field seasons asampling 

plan would be used. The units dug into the ditch fill in 1994 showed that there were few, if any, 

military artifacts left in place. In 1995 and 1996, the strategy changed to the collection of all 

military artifacts and only selected artifacts from the 20th century, Park-related deposits, such as 

diagnostic and unusual artifacts. 

After the 1995 excavations at the newly discovered gate complex (areal samples), construction and 

archeological monitoring began. The monitoring was very selective with an emphasis on the deep 

utility disturbances. The fust construction activity, the stripping of topsoil from the entire Park, led 

to erosion that uncovered a buried brick structure with an iron manhole-like cover. This structure 

turned out to be the stopcock chamber for the South Boston Reservoir. A specialist in 

industrial/hydraulic archeology documented and interpreted the structure (Johnson 1996). After 

salvaging the gate valves, the stopcock chamber was demolished so that soil retaining walls and 

steps could be built. 

Monitoring of the construction excavation for a light pole base in the fall 1995 led to the discovery 

of an unidentified feature consisting of facing walls made of brick, fieldstone, and bevelled slate. 

This area was placed under a stop-work order to preserve this resource until it could be properly 

investigated. In spring 1996, block excavations (areal sample) revealed that this feature was the 

foundation and drainage system for the fort’s magazine. The details of these excavations,conducted 

while the construction was in progress, are presented in Chapter 8. 

In general, the investigations were a cultural resources management project and could only be 

conducted at those points where known or suspected resources were to be impacted by the planned 

construction. 

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The Tactics 

Fieldwork. The squares and trenches were laid out using an electronic total station and utilized the 

grid system previously established for the remote sensing operations by Weston Geophysical 

(Figure 5.1). The four corner measurements of each unit were established with a theodolite. Depth 

guides for the three inch excavation levels were then measured down from the known comer elevations 

by tape during excavation. Elevations given in this report are above Boston City base. All 

measurements were done with an engineer’s scale, using feet and tenths of feet, as specifically 

requested in the project scope ofwork. 

Excavation of the 5-e. squares and backhoe trenches was conducted using cultural and natural 

horizons to separate strata. Strata were separated by color, composition and texture, and were further 

subdivided into three-inch arbitrary levels. Arbitrary levels were determined based on comer 

measurements and were parallel to the existing slope of the hillside. In some cases, due to deep fill 

deposits and paucity of artifacts, the interval was increased &om three to six inches. Trowel scraping 

was the dominant mode of excavation because of the need to separate the anticipated thin lenses of 

landscaping fill during the creation of and renovations to Thomas Park. All units and trenches were 

excavated to subsoil, which represented the natural drumlin and, in some cases, defined the base of the 

fort ditch. Most soils were sifted through l/4-inch mesh screen and saved artifacts were bagged and 

tagged according to provenience. The collection strategy described in the preceding section governed 

what was saved for return to the laboratory and what was reburied in the unit during bacmg. 

The recording of the excavated material was done on standardized forms, which registered basic 

archeological information including soil color, texture, composition, elevation, artifacts recovered, and 

a brief narrative entry. Profiles within the squares were drawn, and extended profiles were drawn for 

the backhoe trenches and block excavations. The elevations of all parts of the features and of changes 

of soil strata during profile drawing were shot in with the theodolite. Black and white and color 

photographs were taken to further document the excavations. Upon completion of the excavation, the 

units were lined with plastic and backtilled. The gate complex and the magazine foundation were 

bacldilled with clean construction sand. 

Laboratory. Upon arrival at the CRC’s archeological laboratory in Lowell, the artifacts were cleaned 

and sorted by their respective proveniences. Cleaning and conservation of the artifacts was based on 

the artifact type. Ceramic objects, plastics, coal, and glass were washed using a so& bristled brush, and 

allowed to dry. Nails, other metal objects and fragments, leather, and bone were drybrushed using a 

soft bristled brush. The artifacts were then sorted by material type and attributes within their respective 

proveniences in preparation for entry into the Automated National Cataloging System (ANCS). 

Artifact inventories by provenience were appended to the three management reports prepared by 

NECRC at the conclusion of each field season (Pendery and Griswold 1995a, 1995b, 1996). This 

inventory was examined for the varieties of artifacts found and considered in light of the military 

objective of the project. A classification system for summarizing the artifact counts was devised as 

shown in the listing in the following paragraph and chapters. This scheme with a nditaq group was 

created to highlight the few militv materials; a recreational group was added because ofthe subsidiary 

interest in the recreation. The fixture category was added because of the many excavated rod 

fragments and lamp chimney fragments fi-om nineteenth-century lighting. The modem category was 

41 
added to help in detecting those proveniences that were recent and disturbed. In addition to the above 

examples, other common artifacts included in the functional groupings are as follows: 

food/container--sherds from glass bottles and ceramic vessels, 

building materials--nails, bricks mortar, window glass, 

clothing/adornment--buttons, pendants, shirt studs, combs 

recreation--smoking pipes, balls and inflation needles, marbles, jack 

military--musket balls and other projectiles, an epaulet, buttons with unit insignia 

tixtures/tools--wrenches, electric wire staples, braces, pencils and lead, 

modem--plastic, synthetic, and aluminum objects, pull-top openers, 

indeterminate/other--coins, soiland organic samples, unidentified ferrous objects. 

All objects entered as counts in the ANCS inventory were included in this analysis; weighed objects 

such as brick, mortar, shell, charcoal and coal/clinkers were not tabulated, due to cost restrictions. It 

should be noted that alcoholic beverage bottles were counted as containers, but could have been 

classified as recreational objects since drinking, like smoking, can be considered as a leisure activity. 

The tabulations of individual artifacts by the above eight groupings produced the tables that are shown 

in the Summary and Analysis section of this chapter and the following three chapters. The ANCS 

numbers are given following the named artifact in the following format: artifact name (#xxxx). This 

number is only given once when the artifact is first mentioned in the stratigraphic description, not in the 

summary section, of the text. 

The Results of Test Units 2 and 3 

Test Units 2 and 3, located on the north side of Thomas Park, did not produce any evidence of the 

fort. The stratigraphy and artifacts (Table 5.1) from these two units are summarized inthis section. 

Test Unit 2. This was a 5-h. by 5-R. pit located at the grid coordinate 950E and 1036N (Figure 5.1). 

This location was chosen because the GPR signal recovered by Weston Geophysical indicated that a 

large unidentified object was buried below. In addition, this location was chosen to assess the impact 

ofthe proposed irrigation system on archeological resources. 

Stratum I ranged from 7.5 to 9 in. in thickness. It was composed of three levels of very dark grayish 

brown loam (1OYR 3/2) with gravel and a few cobble inclusions. It contained several items of modem 

material culture, even in the bottom level, including plastic (#261-4), an eraserhead (#342), a bottle 

cap, and a pull tab (#254). Other notable artifacts from the stratum included transfer printed whiteware 

fragments (#236, 278-80) redware flower pot fragments (#233-5, 267-g), porcelain t?agments (#242, 

282-5), two embossed pipe stem f?agments- one with “W. &D. BE...” on one side and “...QUEBEC” 

on the other (#3 16,3 19). 

Feature 1 appeared in the northwest corner ofthe unit during the excavation of Stratum 1, Level 3. It 

was a rock and gravel filled pit containing very dark gray soil (10 YR 3/l) and extending down about 

1.5 fit. below the surface of the northwest comer, well into Stratum 2. Items of recent manufacture 

were found within the pit including a large chunk of asphalt and a bottle cap (#309). No other notable 

artifacts were found in the pit. 

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TABLE 1 

PRTIFACT GROUPS FROM NON-FORT EXCAVATIONS 

Unit Subunit 

TU 2 s 1,2 

TU 3 s 1.2 67 32 4 5 16 6 21 150 

s 3.4 8 1 3 12 

total 75 33 4 5 15 6 24 162 

TOTALS s 1,2 530 372 6 10 1 29 25 55 1028 

s 3,4 8 1 3 12 

Combined 538 373 6 10 1 29 25 58 1040 

_~. 

Stratum 2 was a grayish brown loam (1OYR 4/2-5/2) with gravel and cobble inclusions. It consisted of 

twos 3-m levels, but most of the artifacts recovered were found in the first level. Notable artifacts found 

in the first level included a .22 caliber cartridge fragment (#400) and a faceted ceramic bead (#387). A 

pipe stem f?agment (#392) was the only notable artifact recovered in the second level. 

Two additional features were found to have been excavated into Stratum 2. Feature 2 was a small 

depression in the southern half of the unit containing very dark grayish brown loam with gravel and 

charcoal, Two large ferrous links, belonging to a chain (#375), were found at the very top of the 

feature. A bottle cap (#376) was also recovered. Feature 3 contained the remains of a decaying root. 

Stratum 3 was glacial till which appeared to have been graded. It was sampled to a foot deep in the 

southeast quadrant to be certain that it was indeed a glacial deposit. No artifacts were recovered from 

this stratum. 

Test Unit 3. This was a 5-R. by 5-R. unit located with its central point at the grid coordinates of 105OE 

and 117ON (Figure 5.1). It was located in this position to test for evidence of an undated trench or 

depression that had been located by GPR and to assess the impact of the proposed grading cut and 

storm drainage pipe installation. 

Stratum 1 was composed of three levels of very dark grayish brown loam with gravel inclusions. The 

first two levels contained modem material culture, but modem artifacts were absent in the bottom 

level. Many coins were found in this unit including an updatable buffalo nickel (#405), an undatable 

Jefferson nickel (#403), an undatable wheat penny, two wheat pennies (#404-6) with dates of 195 1 and 

1952 in Stratum 1, Level 2. An undatable Indian head penny and a 191~7 wheat penny (#425-6) were 

found in Stratum 1, Level 3. Other notable artifacts included a rubber ball intlator needle (#409), a clay 

and a black glass marble (#401,430), and a pipe stem (#424). 

Stratum 2 was a dark grayish brown (1OYR 4/2) mottled loam containing gravel and cobble inclusions. 

This 7 in. thick layer contained three levels but no features were found. Notable artifacts found witbin 

Stratum 2 included an 1864 two-cent piece (#451), an undatable Indian head penny (#!452), glass 

43 
buttons (#443,467), a blue and white swirled glass marble (#468), whiteware ($440, 460), and a mass 

of bundled wire (#472). 

Lying directly below Stratum 2 was Stratum 3, a mottled yellowish-brown (1OYR 5/4) clay-silt layer 

with gravel and cobble inclusions. The stratum was unproductive except that two pieces of wine 

bottle glass (WI) were found, as well as a piece of creamware (#484) and transfer-printed whiteware 

(#483). 

Stratum 4, which lay directly beneath Stratum 3, was a slightly lighter mottled yellowish brown clay-silt 

with gravel and cobble inclusions (1OYR 5/6). Artifacts included brick (#512), glass (#513-30), and 

metal fragments (#53 l-40) found within the first level; no artifacts were found in the second level. 

Subsoil was encountered directly below Stratum 4, Level 2. A 2.5-R. by 2.5-a. pit was excavated 

within Test Unit 3 to confirm the subsoil. 

Summary 

The stratigraphy of these two units suggests that the glacial subsoil in northern Thomas Park was 

graded at a slope that is nearly parallel to the modern 1994 surface. The graded subsoil in both 

excavations was covered with successive fill deposits--apparently more strata and consequently more 

fill episodes further downslope in Test Unit 3 than Test Unit 2. These successive till deposits consisted 

of coarse fill that was used for contouring the land and were subsequently capped with a fine grade of 

loam for seeding and growing the Park lawn, 

In the two excavation units beyond the fort, 99% of the slightly more than 1000 artifacts are from the 

post-1933, Park deposits (Strata 1 and 2 of Table 5.1). Slightly more than half of the objects are part 

of the food/container group, and the building materials group comprises slightly more than l/3. All 

artifact groups were found in these Park deposits, including an artifact from the military group, a .22 

caliber shell casing. The recreational group includes marbles and two 5/64 in bore pipe stem 

fragments, as well as a bowl fragment and 2 other stem fragments (4/64 in. and 6/64 in. bores). Glass 

lighting fixtures dominate the Cxture/tool groups although a few rods from arc lights were also found. 

The rare artifacts include the only prehistoric object found, a felsite flake in Test Unit 2, Stratum 1, and 

an inflation needle for a sport ball. Many coins were found in Test Unit 3, Stratum 1 and most 

engraved dates were unreadable except for a 1917 date on a wheat penny. 

Neither evidence of fortifications nor of military artifacts were present. The large artifact anticipated 

on the basis of the remote sensing results at Test Unit 2 was not encountered, possibly because of the 

small size of the excavation unit compared to the larger size of the EM grid. The deep GPR depression 

expected in Test Unit 3 was only mildly hinted at during the excavations. 

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CHAPTER 6 

THE DITCH EXCAVATIONS 

The ditch was first encountered in Test Unit 1 on the northwest salient in 1994. Four additional 

excavations (Test Units 4-7) were excavated into the southeast and southwest salients in 1994. During 

the following 1995 season, two manual excavations (Test Units 10 and 11) and four backhoe 

excavations (Trenches 1,2, 8, and 9) encountered parts of the ditch. In total, seven manual excavation 

units and parts of eighht backhoe-initiated trenches encountered evidence of the ditch. In this chapter, 

the excavations of the ditch are described beginning with the north salient and proceeding 

counterclockwise around the fort salient by salient (except for the entrance ditch which is discussed in 

Chapter 7). ANCS numbers are given in parentheses, e.g., artifact name (#---). 

The North Salient-Test Unit 8 and Extensions 

This unit, dug in 1994, was originally a 5 fi. square located with its central point at the coordinates of 

1070 E and 1090 N (Figure 5.1). Ground penetrating radar data had indicated that a dense cluster of 

unidentised objects would be found here. In addition, this area was to be impacted by the installation 

of electrical tines and sidewalk construction. The unit, expanded with two backhoe trenches to 

investigate the subsoil, was located at the tip of the salient. Soil profiles are not shown because of the 

disturbed nature of the ditch. 

Excavation in this location revealed five strata (including subsoil) and four features. Stratum 1 was a 

very dark grayish brown loam (1OYR 3/2) with gravel inclusions. Several items of modem material 

culture were found in Stratum 1 including a 1994 and a 1969 penny (#1045,1079), plastic (#1048, 

1089) rubber (#1092), modem beer and beverage bottle &agments (#1037, 1037-40), a bottle cap 

(#1086), and a pull-tab (##1042). Other noteworthy items found included a copper duck pendant 

(#1084), a glass bead (#1072), and a 1926 penny (#lo%). 

Lying directly beneath Stratum 1 was Stratum 2, a grayish brown loam (1OYR 5/2) with gravel 

inclusions. It was slightly mottled, and also contained items of modem material culture including a 

plastic button with an embossed anchor design (#1199), a .22 caliber cartridge l?agment (#1114), and a 

plastic shirt stud (#1122). Some older artifacts like carbon rod lighting fragments (#1123, 1144), pipe 

stems (#1129), an undatable Indian head penny (#1140), and a t?agment of yellowware (#1127) were 

also found within the stratum. A rodent hole, Feature 1, running in an east to west direction across the 

unit was discovered within Stratum 2, Level 2 and was completely excavated before the remainder of 

Stratum 2 Level 2 was removed. 

Stratum 3 was a brown loam (1OYR 5/3) containing gravel and cobble inclusions, and was found 

directly below Stratum 2. Artifact density decreased rapidly in this stratum with a few brick fragments 

(#1150), a nail (#1148), and a piece of salt-glazed stoneware (#1149) being the only artifacts. Several 

more rodent rims emerged in Stratum 3, Level 2 which also ran in an east to west direction across the 

45 
southern half of the unit. Since these were undoubtedly connected to the rodent run found earlier in 

Stratum 2, they were given the designation of Feature 1, Level 2. Subsoil began to appear in the 

southwest comer ofthe unit in Stratum 3, Level 3. 

At the bottom of Stratum 3, Level 4, a trench (Feature 2) was discovered running in a north to south 

direction across the unit and intersecting the eastern section of the unit. The trench contained a mottled 

pale olive (5Y 6/4) clay-silt with gravel and cobble inclusions. An iron pipe was later found in the 

bottom of the trench at approximately 37 in. below ground surface. Aside from a few small brick 

fragments (#1154) found in Level 1 of Feature 2, no other artifacts were found in any of the five levels 

of the trench. During the second, mechanical phase of excavation the profile suggested that Feature 2 

extended up to Stratum 1. A decaying root hole (Feature 4) was found in the southeast comer of the 

unit and obscured the eastern side ofFeature 2. No artifacts were found within the root hole. 

Beneath Stratum 3, a dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay-silt was encountered (Stratum 4). Feature 2 

had cut into Stratum 4 in the eastern part of the unit, leaving only a small lens of ditch fill. Stratum 4 

peeled off of the subsoil which had begun to appear in the southwest comer under Stratum 3. 

Test Unit 8 was later expanded by two narrow backhoe trenches to the east and west (Figure 5.1) to 

investigate the depth of the subsoil and to see if better evidence of the ditch could be found. The 

subsoil was found close to the surface indicating that the ditch was minimally preserved in Test Unit 8 

and its backhoe extensions. 

In summary, the excavation of Feature 2 cut into the subsoil and partially obscured the edge of the fort 

ditch. Nevertheless, the additional trenches excavated to the east and west demonstrated that the fort’s 

historic surface had been truncated and lowered prior to the excavation of Feature 2. Stratum 4 was 

ditch fill that contained the same brown loam found in the ditch in Units 4, 5, and 7. The ditch in Unit 

8, however, had been more severely impacted by the 1850s grading operations than most other 

excavation units. 

The Northwest Salient--Trenches 1, $9 and Test Unit 1 

The northwest salient was investigated by means offive backhoe trenches and a 5 fi square excavation 

unit. These investigations were evenly distributed among both reentrant angles and the northwest 

salient angle. Test Unit 1 and its two extensions, dug in 1994, were the loci where the ditch of the fort 

was first discovered. The remaining excavations at the northwest salient were done in 1995. 

Trench 1 This was a 35-by-2 ft. backhoe trench excavated between the coordinates of 1010 E, 1046 

N and 994 E, 1079 N (Figure 5.1). The location was chosen to further examine the scarp, floor, 

counterscarp, and fill of the ditch near the northern reentrant angle where the northern and northwest 

salients intersect. Trench 1 was designed to mitigate the planned impact of two tree plantings on 

opposite sides of the ditch. The placement of the trench at these coordinates meant that the trench 

would bisect the ditch at a non-perpendicular angle. 

Excavation revealed the usual stratigraphic pattern connected with the ditch (Figure 6.1). Stratum 1, a 

very dark grayish brown (1OYFC 311) loam was the first layer encountered. Two unidentifiable features, 

probably soil deviations created by Thomas Park landscaping, were encountered below Stratum 1. 

46 

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IdI, 

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I,, , 

I I , / , I I 

z,,,,,,,,,,, , 1,111, 

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,~ 

‘1811, ,,,,,,,,,,,l,,/l,,ll,,,,,, 

Very Dark Grayish Brown Loam 

Dark Yellowish Brown Loam 

Dark Brown Loam 

Very Dark Grayish Brown Loam 

Subsoil 

Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Silt 

Mottled Brown Loam 

r1gurc 0. I, lrencn I (east secrmn). lne dltcn prome or the northwest sallent near the north reentrant angle is shown. 
Feature 1 was a rectilinear feature, containing a dark yellowish brown (1OYR 4/4) sandy-silt as fill. 

Feature 2, located to the south was tilled with a mottled brown (1OYR 4/3) loam. Feature 2 had been 

excavated into Stratum 2, a dark yellowish brown (1OYR 3/4) loam. Below this lay Stratum 3 and 

Stratum 4, both ofwhich are ditch fill. 

Stratum 3 was a dark brown (1OYR 3/3) silt that was deposited during the 1850s tilling operations 

when the park was created. Stratum 4 was a very dark grayish brown silt that was most likely the 

result of colluvial deposition, and was separated from Stratum 3 by a thin lens of redeposited subsoil. 

In addition to the discovery of colluvial deposits, excavation of Trench 1 revealed interdigitation of 

soils between the subsoil and the ditch fill on the scarp side of the ditch (Figure 6.1); interdigitation was 

also apparent in other areas of the scarp exposed in Trench 2 and Trench 4. 

Subsoil, Stratum 5, began to be encountered approximately 1.5 - 2 ft. below the ground surface at the 

two ends of the trench. The scarp of the ditch was encountered approximately 8 fit. t?om the southern 

end and the counterscarp was noticed approximately 9 fi from the northern end of the trench. The 

backhoe was used to remove all but about 6 to 8 inches of Stratum 3 and Stratum 4 deposits t?om the 

trench. The remainder was excavated by hand, using a combination of trowel and shovel. For 

provenience purposes the trench was divided in half with artifacts found in the southern half of the 

ditch labeled Trench l-l, while those found in the northern half labeled Trench 1-2. Excavation of 

Trench 1 revealed that the upper portions of the counterscarp had been destroyed by earlier grading 

operations. The scarp on the uphill side of the trench was fairly well preserved. Few artifacts were 

encountered, but soil samples were collected from each feature and stratum. 

In summary, both homogeneous colluvium and mottled till deposits were observed within the trench 

and their presence support the conclusion that the ditch was filled by natural and human methods. The 

interdigitation represents pieces of turf dislodged from the scat-p. Turf was cut and pegged to the 

scarps of earthwork fortifications from Colonial times until the Civil War in order to prevent erosion of 

the scarp. 

Trenches 8 and 9. A shovel test pit was excavated at the coordinates of E 970 N 1067 at the 

northwest salient angle (Figure 5.1, exactly at the intersection of Trenches 8 and 9). The unit was 

excavated at these coordinates to assess the impact of a proposed tree planting on the ditch. The 

removal of the park fill revealed subsoil within 5-12 in. of the existing ground surface. No evidence of 

the ditch was found, and so the area was expanded with two backhoe trenches to locate the 

ditch.Trench 8 was a 20-by-2.0 ft. trench centered on the original shovel test pit and oriented north 

south. No evidence of the ditch was found. Trench 9, with the same dimensions as Trench 8, extended 

southeast from the shovel test pit. No evidence of the ditch was found, but a small planting hole was 

discovered. Profiles of these trenches were not drawn. Evidence of the ditch was removed from this 

northwestern area of Thomas Park during the landscaping for Thomas Park. 

Test Unit 1. Originally a 5-by-5 fi. unit located at the coordinates of 980 E and 1020 N (Figure 5.1) 

near the reentrant angle between the northwest and west salients. This unit was located here because 

the electromagnetic signal had indicated that several metallic artifacts could be found in this location 

and because of the anticipated impact from an electrical line, The test unit was later expanded 15 ft. to 

the north and 12 ft. to the southwest to investigate Feature 3, the ditch of the May 1776 fort. 

48 

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The sod was removed from the unit to reveal Stratum 1 (Levels l-5), a homogeneous very dark 

grayish brown loam (IOYR 3/2) with gravel and cobble inclusions. Artifacts found within the stratum 

includiig plastics (#73-76, 156, noted as deep as Level 5), pull tabs (#63, 99, Levels 1 and 2) and 

modem clear, brown and green glass bottle fragments (Levels 1-5) indicate a relatively recent date for 

the deposit, Other notable artifacts found within Stratum I include a 1964 .nicke! (#65), a 1966 penny 

(#102), an ointment tube (#I lo), two pipe stem fragments (f#45, 146), and a carbon rod fragment 

(#128). 

Lying directly below Stratum 1 and extending across the entire unit, except where Feature 1 had cut 

through it, was Stratum 2. Stratum 2 consisted of very dark grayish brown loam (1OYR S/2) with 

gravel, cobble, and large asphalt inclusions. The stratum consisted of three levels and was 

approximately 9 to 11 in. thick. Modem material culture was also found within the stratum including a 

white plastic cover (#175), possibly for a bottle cap. 

Two features had been cut into Stratum 1. Feature 1 was part of a trench dug into the unit for the 

installation of a utility conduit. The utility had been encased in concrete, and the bottom of the feature 

penetrated deeply into the unit through both Strata 1 and 2. Large chunks of asphalt, the most notable 

component of Stratum 2, were found mixed in with a dark grayish brown loam in all five of the levels 

within the feature. In other words, the utility trench was backtilled with the same soil. Feature 2, 

located in the center of the northern section, was the remnant of a very modem fence post set in 

concrete which had been used to secure the area during monument stabilization activities in the early 

1990s. 

Feature 3 was found directly below Stratum 2 and ran in a southeast to northwest direction across the 

unit. The feature had been filled with a rich, very dark grayish brown loam that contained a few gravel 

and cobble inclusions and contrasted sharply in color and texture with the in situ glacial subsoil. Its 

linear shape in conjunction with the extensive loam fill deposits that it contained led us to believe that it 

could be a ditch, possibly associated with the fortifications that once existed on the site. The 

excavations were discontinued in the fill of Feature at 3-e. depth pending consultation with the NPS 

archeologists and the Park Assistant Superintendent. 

tier this deliberation, Test Unit 1 was extended in two directions--to the north and to the southwest 

(Figure 6.2). The purpose of the additional excavation was to 1) confirm that Feature 3 was in fact 

part of a ditch associated with fortifications and not just a large planting hole, and 2) to document the 

dimensions of the ditch. To accomplish these objectives Test Unit 1 was extended 10 ft. to the north 

(Extension 1). This backhoe trench made it possible to trace the line of the ditch firther to the 

northwest. Once the line of the ditch had been delineated a 2% wide trench was cut in a southwest 

direction, perpendicular to the orientation of the ditch, The backhoe removed only the soil above the 

ditch, and the ditch fill was excavated by hand. Each 5-a. segment of the perpendicular trench 

(Extension 2) was excavated as a separate unit with the easternmost unit (closest to Extension 1) 

designated as Extension 2-1. The next 5 ft. segment ofthe trench located to the west of Extension 2-l 

was designated Extension 2-2; the last segment, Extension 3-2, was partial, about 2 A. in length. 

The fill within the ditch (Figure 6.3) was composed primarily of a very dark grayish brown (1OYR 3/2) 

silty loam (Feature 3, Stratum l), the same soil that had originally been encountered in Feature 3 of 

Test Unit 1. Interspersed within the homogenous very dark grayish brown loam ofFeature 3 was a 

49 

I 
Key 

Dark Brown Loam Fill 

Subsoil 

Figure 6.2. Test Unit 1 and Extensions. Test Unit 1 is the 5 R S~UZ~ to the south. A-B is the western extension and B-C 

is the width of the northern extension. 

50 
A B 

I I I 

2-3 2-2 2-1 144.87 

---q 

/ / 

/ / 

/ / 

/ / 

/ / 

/ / 

-/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

Key 

<<I> Very Dark Grayish Brown Loam 

(~2 Very Dark Grayish Brown Loam with 

0 1 2 3 4 5 

Feet 

Asphalt 

I 0 1 ; Meters Rust Colored Lens 

Asphalt Chunks 

Dark Brown Loam 

Redeposited Subsoil 

Subsoil 

Figure 6.3. Western Extension of Test Unit 1 (northern section). The ditch profile of the northwest salient near the west reentrant angle is shown. 
lens of light olive brown soil (25Y 5/4) which could best be described as redeposited subsoil (Feature 

3, Stratum 2). When the ditch was filled, the redeposited subsoil was mixed with dark brown loam 

(forming a lens in Feature 3 in Extension 2-2). Once this lens had been manually removed from 

Extension 2-2, the matrix returned to a very dark grayish brown silty loam with gravel, identical to that 

encountered earlier in Extension 2-1. The remainder of the homogenous brown fill was manually 

removed to reveal additional parts of the scarp, bottom and counterscarp. On the scarp side of the 

ditch at its base, a drainage trough (cunetre) about 1.5 fit. wide had been dug into the subsoil. 

In summary, Feature 3 is the Iill within the ditch surrounding the May 1776 fort. The ditch had been 

excavated into the glacial till of Telegraph Hill. The glacial deposits varied in color, but could generally 

be classified as light olive brown (2.5 Y514). The subsoil was in most cases very compacted with 

gravel and cobble inclusions. Approximately 2.5 ft. of the height of the scarp, 10 horizontal tl. along 

the floor, and 2 ft. of the height of the counterscarp had been preserved. This archeological evidence in 

conjunction with the historic sources allowed us to conclude that the top 5 to 6 ft. of the original ditch 

had been graded for the development of the park in the 1850s or for the construction of the monument 

beginning in 1900. The stratigraphy also indicated that this part of the ditch at the western reentrant 

angle had been intentionally filled in a short period of time. There was no evidence of natural 

colluvium. One of the unusual aspects of the till was the paucity of artifacts recovered. The few 

ceramics included white, salt-glazed stoneware (#195), but no other diagnostics. Historical sources 

indicate that the filling must have been after 1847, probably in 1852. 

Historic sources also shed light on the asphalt chunks found within Stratum 2. The Olmsted Brothers 

1913 survey indicates that the park sidewalks were made out of asphalt. These sidewalks were 

replaced with concrete sidewalksometime later, probably by a Workers Progress Administration 

project in the 1930s. The asphalt chunks in Stratum 2 are probably the remains of the original asphalt 

sidewalks that were used as till under the lawn. Thus, Stratum 2 dates to the 1930s. 

The West Salient-Trench 2 and Test Unit 4 

The ditch of this salient was investigated by means of a backhoe trench (1995) and a manual test unit 

(1994) which are described in this section. Both investigations took place near the salient angle on the 

northwest face. (The gate complex which is part ofthe west salient will be described in Chapter 7.) 

Trench 2 A 27 ft. by 2 fl. excavation was located between the coordinates of 938 E, 984 N and 966 

E, 977 N (Figure 5.1). Trench 2 was placed in this location to provide an almost perpendicular cut 

across the ditch. This trench connected aproposed tree planting and a light pole base. 

The stratigraphic profile (Figure 6.4) here was similar to that observed in the other archeological cuts 

through the ditch. Stratum 1 was a very dark gray (1OYR 3/l) loam, Stratum 1A asphalt residual, and 

much of Stratum 2, brown mottled (IOYR 413) fill with gravel and cobbles were removed by the 

backhoe. Excavations began on the west end of the trench, near the sidewalk, and proceeded uphill in 

an easterly direction. 

The ditch had been preserved to a greater depth in Trench 2 than in the northwest salient. The backhoe 

let? the bottom 6 to 8 in. of soil in place and this soil was hand excavated, with the material found at the 

east end of the trench receiving the designation Trench 2-1 and the material found at the west end of 

52 

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142.93 

- - 

- - 

- - - - - 

- - - 

0 1 2 3 4 5 Feet 

1 ’ 1 

0 1 2 Meters 

Very dark gray loam 

Black asphalt remnant 

Brown mottled fill with gravel and cobbles 

Very dark grayish brown silty loam 

Subsoil 

Figure 6.4. Trench 2 (northern section). The ditch near the western salient angle is shown. 
the trench designated 2-2. The same interdigitation noted on the scarp of the northwest salient (ii 

Trench 1) was found on the scarp of the west salient in Trench 2 (Figure 6.4). The counterscarp was 

composed of subsoil that diiered slightly in color and composition from that found in other areas. A 

small trough (i.e., a sump for the ditch) was found on the bottom at the western end of the ditch. 

Stratum 3, a very dark grayish brown silty loam, sloping deposit could be seen covering both the scarp, 

counterscarp, and bottom of the ditch and a large boulder was noted in approximately the middle of the 

ditch during excavation. The slope and the composition of the fill indicate that Stratum 3 was probably 

a colluvial deposit. 

In summary, the excavations in Trench 2 indicate that both natural and cultural processes filled in the 

ditch. Other studies indicate that the rate of colluvial build-up in the ditch of a fort can be quite rapid, 

accumulating in as little as a year or two (Jewell and Dimbleby 1977). Additionally, the silt that 

composes the colluvial deposits is dark brown and loamy, indicating that the ramparts of the fort may 

have been covered by soil or turf 

Test Unit 4. This test was a S-by-5 fi. unit located at the coordinates of 940 E and 976 N (Figure 5.1), 

along the northwest face of the counterscarp at the salient angle. It was located in this position to 

confirm the location of the ditch and to assess the impact of the proposed tree planting along the main, 

east-west tending, General Thomas Walk. 

Stratum 1, here and elsewhere within the park, was a very dark grayish brown loam (1OYR 312) 

containing modem material culture including plastic (#503-4), aluminum foil (#535), and aluminum pull 

tabs (#536, 576). Among the other artifacts found in Stratum 1 were several coins including an 1887 

Indian head penny (#533-4). 

Lying directly below Stratum 1 was Stratum 2, a dark yellowish brown to very dark grayish brown 

(IOYR 4/4 to IOYR 3/2) loam with gravel. Arbitrary 3-m. levels were observed for Levels 1 through 

5, but the interval was increased to 6 in. for Levels 6 through 8 due to the paucity of artifacts. The 

majority of artifacts were found in Levels 1 and 2 and included a crown bottle cap (#620), a button, 

carbon rod lighting fragments (#628), and bottle glass (#612-18). Artifacts recovered in the remaining 

levels included glass (#641), a corroded nail/spike (#642), and several large brick t?agments (#639) at 

the bottom of the fill in Level 8. Levels 6-8, because of the paucity of artifacts, probably represent the 

filling of the ditch in the 1850s. 

The subsoil into which the fort ditch was cut was first encountered in the northwest comer of the unit 

in Level 5 of Stratum 2. It was obvious from its position and slope that a portion of the counterscarp 

of the ditch was being excavated. The bottom of the ditch was unearthed approximately 2 ft. below 

the level where the slope of the ditch had first been discovered. The flat bottom did have a slight 

downslope pitch, roughly paralleling the modem ground surface. 

In summary, the excavation of Test Unit 4 revealed some additional information about the ditch. 

Water was encountered in the lower levels of Stratum 2 and remained in the unit until it was backfilled. 

This may indicate that the ditch may have been at least partially filled with water when the fort was in 

use. At least 2.5 fit. of the lower portion of the ditch in this unit had survived the Thomas Park grading 

operations, 

54 
The South Salient--Test Units 10,7, and 5 

This west face of this salient was investigated by means of three manual excavation units-Test Units 

10,7, and 5. Test Unit 10 was excavated in 1995, while the others were dug in the 1994 season. Test 

Units 10 and 7 provide evidence of the scarp, while TU 5 is in the center of the ditch. Test Unit 7 is 

closest to the outer point of the fort salient. 

Test Unit 10. This was a 5-by-5 ft. unit located with its center at the coordinates of 1008 E and 933 N 

(Figure 5.1). It was located in this position to further study the fort ditch and to assess the impact of a 

tree planting proposed for the mture rehabilitation ofthe park. 

All of Stratum 1, a very dark gray (1OYR 3/l) loam layer, and much of Stratum 2, a dark brown 

(1OYR 3/3) loam were removed by mechanical excavation before hand excavation of the unit began. 

Subsoil was exposed in some areas of the unit during clean-up operations, and the unit seemed to 

straddle the top and scarp of the ditch. 

Stratum 3, a very dark grayish brown (1OYR 3/2) loam containing gravel and cobble-sized inclusions 

seemed to be fill within the ditch as it easily peeled off of the scarp, exposing an east to west sloping 

surface. Excavation into the subsoil at the top of the scarp revealed a lens of what was thought to be 

weathered and/or oxidized subsoil. Most of the ditch lay under the grassy area and sidewalk beyond the 

western limit of the unit and was not excavated. Interdigitation of subsoil and ditch fill, noticed in other 

excavation units, was not noticed in Test Unit 10, perhaps because the lower portion of the scarp was 

not exposed. No artifacts were recovered from Test Unit 10. 

In summary, a small portion of the truncated top of the scarp was encountered in Test Unit 10. The 

scarp had an irregular and gently sloping surface. The ditch floor was not encountered. 

Test Unit 7. This was a 5-by-5 ft. pit located at the coordinates of 1014E and 91ON (Figure 5.1) to 

uncover additional information about the location of the ditch and to assess potential damage to it by 

the proposed irrigation system. The unit was located on the scarp at the tip ofthe salient. 

Test Unit 7 contained a dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) loam as the top stratum (Figure 6.5). This 

stratum varied in depth from 6 to 8 in. and was divided into three levels for excavation. The majority 

of artifacts recovered from this unit were recovered from this stratum and modem material culture was 

found in all three levels. Other notable artifacts included beer bottle glass (#942-5, 9%60), carbon rod 

fragments (#976), a 1964 nickel (#973), a 1919 penny (#972), and a thick pipe stem fragment (#984). 

Stratum 2, lying directly below Stratum 1, was a mottled (primarily 1OYR 5/3) and compacted fill layer 

consisting primarily of loam with gravel-sized inclusions. Large patches of slightly dierent colored 

soil could be seen across the entire unit. Artifacts recovered from the till included carbon rod fragments 

(#loll, 1016), shell(#1013), brickfragments(fJ985, lOOl), andafewpiecesofmetal(#1007-9). 

As the southeast comer of the unit was being excavated, the glacial subsoil into which the ditch was cut 

was noticed. A sloping surface (downhill from east to west) recognized as the scarp of the ditch was 

discovered as the entire unit was excavated (Figure 6.5). The bottom of the ditch was not reached in 

Test Unit 7, but was located in the adjacent Test Unit 5. 

55 
0 1 2 3 4 5 

Feet I 1 1 I I I I 

I t 

0 1 2 Meters 

Key 

Dark Grayish-Brown Loam 

Mottled and Compacted Brown Loam 

Subsoil 

BrownLoam 

Dark Brown Silty Loam 

Root 

Rock 

Figure 6.5. Test Unit 7 (south section). 

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The till within the ditch was a brown (IOYR 5/3) silty loam with gravel-sized inclusions (Feature 1, 

Stratum 1). It was lighter in color than that observed in Test Unit 1, but this difference was most likely 

due to the decreased moisture in the soil. The fill was divided into two diierent strata and ranged 

between 1.5 to 2.5 ft. in total thickness. The interval for the arbitrary levels was increased to 6 in. for 

Feature 1, Stratum 1 due to the paucity of artifacts recovered. 

While homogenous for the first three levels of the feature, the till changed slightly in color (IOYR 3/3) 

and composition for the remaining levels and was designated Feature 1 Stratum 2. The artifacts 

became more plentifil within the stratum and so the interval was changed back to 3-m. levels. In Level 

3 the soil remained darker, but turned into fine silt. Artifacts recovered from the fill included a few 

pieces of shell (#1023) and some badly corroded nails (#1025-S). 

In summary, a small portion of the truncated top of the scarp was encountered in Test Unit ,7. The 

scarp had a smooth and slightly concave surface. The ditch floor was not encountered. The ditch fill 

consisted of two kinds of loam, representing two sources for the fill material. 

Test Unit 5. A 5-by-5 ft. unit with its central point at the coordinates 1005 E and 916 N (Figure 5.1), 

TU 5 was excavated to confmn the location of the fort ditch and to assess the potential damage to it 

by the installation of the proposed sprinkler system. The unit was located on the counterscarp of the 

ditch, but excavation showed that it was actually near the center ofthe ditch. 

Four strata and three features were located during the excavation of Test Unit 5 (Figure 6.6). Stratum 

1 was a 6-m. level, dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) loam with gravel. It was identical to Stratum 1 in 

Unit 7 and contained modem material culture including pull-tabs (#652, 683) bottle caps (#681-2), 

plastic, and a tennis bail (#655). 

Directly beneath Stratum 1 was Stratum 2, a mottled brown and dark grayish brown silty loam (7.5 YR 

5/6 and 1OYR 4/2). It was a very thin stratum concentrated mainly in the southern portion of the unit. 

A piece of asphalt was found in this stratum along with a button (#708), redware/pearlware fragments 

(#700, 702) a metal cap (#712), and bottle glass(#697-8, 704-5). 

Lying directly beneath Stratum 2 was Stratum 3, a brown mottled, compacted silty loam with gravel 

inclusions. Three features had been cut into Stratum 3. Feature 1 was a shallow soil lens which 

intersected the southern section of the unit and extended approximately 15 in. into the unit. It 

contained a dark gray (7.5 YR 4/l) ashy silty loam with gravel inclusions. The soil lens, Feature 1, 

probably represents the grading and leveling of the ground surface. All of this matrix was removed and 

the bottom of the pit was located. Feature 2 was either a rodent or a root hole. Feature 3 was a large, 

deep trash pit which also intersected the southern section of the unit. It contained many 20th~century 

artifacts including reinforced concrete (#793), metal strapping (#786), bottle glass (#788-9) electrical 

cable (#787), and an enameled metal chamber pot (#796). 

Once these features were removed, excavation of Stratum 3 continued. This soil seemed to be the 

same matrix excavated in Test Unit 7, Stratum 2 (brown loam 1OyR 5/3, with gravel inclusions). The 

interval for the arbitrary levels was again increased from 3 to 6 in. Artifacts recovered from the 

stratum included brick fragments (#738), bottle glass (#739-41), nails (#742,774), redware (#748), 
- - - 

- - - - 

-----3 

I- - ----a 

;- - - - - 

I- - 

- - -” 

c - - - - -I ,------I 

+ _I - - - - 

i- - - - - 

-7 

- - - i - - d 

,- - - - - -8 

+----- 

a----- 

-” 

c - - - - - d 

L 

- - - -.- -1 

1 -----------7 

4 

0 1 2 3 4 5 

I 

I 

I I I I Feet I I 1 

0 1 2 Meters 

Key 

Dark Grayish Brown Loam 

Strong Brown SiIty Loam 

Brown Compacted Silty Loam 

Very Dark Grayish Brown Silty Loam 

Subsoil 

Dark Gray Silt and Sand 

Figure 6.6. Test Unit 5 (north section). The profile near the center of the ditch near the south salient 

angle is shown. 

58 
stoneware (#747, 772, 780, 781), pipe stems (#719, 737) and shell (#759, 763, 766, 770). Preliminq 

analysis ofthe artifacts indicate a mid-nineteenth-century date consistent with the documented ditch till. 

Stratum 4 was a very dark grayish brown loam discovered below Stratum 3. It was excavated as two 

6 tin. levels covered the floor of the ditch. The change in color from Stratum 3 to Stratum 4 is 

consistent with the stratigraphic profile noted in Test Unit 7. Thus, Stratum 4 of Test Unit 5 is the 

same fill as Feature 1, Stratum 2 of Test Unit 5. The shape of floor of the ditch in Test Unit S was 

different than the flat, horizontal floor of Test Unit 1 (Figure 6.2). In Test Unit 5, there was a low spot 

in the center of the ditch with the floor rising gently in both directions to the scarp and counterscarp 

(Figure 6.6). 

In summary, Feature 1 probably represents the leveling of the ground surface due to the slumpage 

caused by Feature 3, a twentieth-century trash pit. More importantly, however, excavation revealed 

more of the fort ditch in the location plotted on the 1847 survey plan view, flnther attesting to its 

accuracy. 

The Southeast Salient--Test Unit 11 

This unit was a 5-by-5-R. unit located with its center at the coordinates of 1066 E and 93 1 N, on the 

scarp near the reentrant angle between the south and southeast salients (Figure 5.1). Most of the latter 

salient had been destroyed by the construction of first the South Boston Reservoir and later the South 

Boston High School. This test unit location was chosen to locate the scarp of the ditch and to assess 

the impact of a proposed tree planting. The unit was excavated during the 1995 field season. 

All of Stratum 1, a black loam (1OYR 2/l), and some of Stratum 2, a mottled soil containing lenses of 

redeposited subsoil, very dark gray (Stratum 2A), and black loam (Stratum 2B), were removed by 

mechanical excavation (Figure 6.7). Hand excavation of the remainder of Stratum 2 revealed a well 

preserved portion of the scarp of the ditch, approximately four feet in depth. 

Stratum 2 was clearly fill, formed as a result of both natural and cultural filling episodes, The lenses 

apparent within Stratum 2 showed numerous examples of soil interdigitation associated wth the 1850s 

filling ofthe ditch, and fine-grained, colluvial deposition was observed along the scarp, especially along 

the north wall. All of these lenses were, however, devoid of artifacts. 

In summsuy, the finding of the ditch in Test Unit 11, like Units 5, 7, and 10 on the south salient 

provided further evidence of the accuracy of the 1847 survey plan. Furthermore, the ditch in the Test 

Unit 11 area as well as the south and west salients has had less impact than the northern portions of the 

ditch. In the southern area, probably about one-half of the height of the ditch has been preserved; the 

grading operations of the 1850s seem to have left approximately 4 A. of the scarp intact. Test Unit 11 

further indicates that the fill in the ditch was a result of natural and cuirural processes. 

The Artifact Collection 

This section summarizes the relatively abundant artifacts from twentieth-century deposits (Strata 1 and 

2 primarily) and the few artifacts from the ditch fill (Table 6.1). Although there are some early, pre1776 artifacts, they are found in fill proveniences that date to the 1850s or later. 

59 

I 
Black loam 

Redeposited Subsoil 

Very dark gray loam ////l/f 

///l///L 

Black Loam ////l///i/ 

Subsoil 

0 1 2 3 4 5 Feet 

t 1 t t 1 t 

I I I 

0 1 2 Meters 

Figure 6.7. Test unit 11 (east section). The protile of the partial SCarp near the South x’eentit angle is shown. 
TABLE 2 

ARTIFACT GROUPS FROM DITCH EXCAVATIONS 

I Tr 1 gen. 3 2 5 

I Tr 8.9 0 

STP 1 Sl 2 1 1 4 

TU 1 s 1,2 421 54 4 4 14 27 35 559 

I& ext) ditch 5 1 5 11 

I Totals total non-ditch 4264 55 54 4 4 6 145 27 40 3857068 

Salient ditch Total 429 5 55 I4 6 15 27 43 5 579 11 

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TU 4 Sl-2(1-4) 393 29 8 18 2 30 36 29 545 

ditch 2 1 3 6 

total 393 31 18 2 32 551 

Totals non-ditch 393 29 : 18 2 zl :: 29 545 

Salient ditch total 397 4 31 2 8 16 2 31 1 36 32 3 1q 

555 

TU 5 s l-3 279 49 2 9 7 12 65 423 

ditch 1 1 2 

total 280 49 2 9 7 12 66 425 

TU 7 s 1.2 179 18 3 3 17 

I 

8 18 246 

ditch toal 179 23 5 3 3 17 1 252 6 

Totals non-ditch 458 67 5 12 24 2: 669 

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61 
Artifacts from Twentieth Centurv Deposits, Thirty painted sherds were recovered from the 1994 

excavations; the vast majority (more than 75 %) of these were white ware. Geometric and botanical 

designs were the most common. Only three sherds were definitely hand-painted (in blue) while the 

remainder were transfer-printed or questionable. Blue paint was the most commonly found color with 

the reddish-brown grouping being the second most common. Floral motifs were done equally 

frequently in blue, reddish-brown and green. One white porcelain sherd also bore molded sprig 

designs with gilded and pink handpainted highlighting. Two other porcelain sherds (1, underglaze) and 

one additional whiteware sherd also had molded applications. One creamware sherd showed gilded 

edging on the rim, and its glazed surface was more white than cream in color, apparently a later 

creamware. The single ceramic of clearly early time was the gild-edged creamware sherd that came 

from the post-1933 till of TU 6 (Stratum 2). The 35 sherds with surface treatment represent a major 

portion of the total number of sherds recovered (49). In general the sherds were small, usually less 

than 1 in. in maximum dimension, making further generalizations difficult. 

The 14 undecorated ceramics consist mainly of 4 coarse glazed redwares and 4 white, salt-glazed 

stoneware as well as 2 Rockingham, Bennington earthenwares, 2domestic stoneware, and 2 

yellowware (unpainted). One redware sherd has an unusual orange-tan opaque glaze. The eathenwares 

have interior annularings. The early salt-glazed stonewares were found above the ditch fill in the 

twentieth century grading fill of TU 8 (Stratum 3) and in the ca. 1850 ditch till of the TU 1 extension 

trench. All sherds except one redware are less than 1 in. in size. 

The salt-glazed stoneware and the creamware sherds are early (beginning in the eighteenth century), 

but were found in contexts that are more recent than 18.50, making them part of fill that was imported 

onto the Dorchester drumlin. Many of the other plain and decorated wares have beginning dates of 

manufacture in the 19th century. Overall, the ceramic assemblage dates to the post-1815 period 

because of the dominance of whitewares. This beginning date of 1815 corresponds nicely to 1814, 

when the final military modification to the Revolutionary War star fort were made. The majority of 

these whitewares come from EU 2. 

Glass fragments (window and bottle) dominated the twentieth-century fill deposits, but a few unusual 

artifacts were also found. These unusual objects include such personal and recreational objects as clay 

pipe fragments, marbles, dolls (Photograph I), and jewelry in addition to hardware and fixtures. The 

personal and recreational materials would be expected in a park setting. The most noteworthy pipe 

fragment was a piece from the stem that read, “...QUEBEC” and “W. & B. BE...” on opposite sides of 

the stem. None of the bowl fragments exhibited decorative or lettered elements. Pipe fragments are 

found in the Park-relatedeposits of all 1994 test units except TU 1. TtJ 2 had 5 pipe f?agments, the 

most of any excavation unit. Bowl fragments were restricted to Stratum 2. Most stem fragments 

measured an inch or less in length, while the longest, containing apart of the bowl (with burnt interior), 

was 2 3/S in. The bore diameters resulted in eight cases of 5/64 in.; six cases of 4/64 in. bores; and 

two stems with 6164 in. bores, generally reflecting an eighteenth century date. However, these early 

stem fragments were found among more recent artifacts in fill that was placed on Dorchester Heights 

in the twentieth century. 

Eight clay and eight glass marbles were found, most commonly in TU 4 (8 marbles) and in TU 3 (3 

marbles). Four clay marbles were painted, one with two colors, maroon and brown. Two additional, 

marble-like, off-round clay objects, unfired, were also found in TU 4. Six glass marbles were multi62 

I 

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Plate I. Artifacts from Fill above the Ditch. Top row: shirt stud, doll’s arm and leg; duck 

6 pendant. Middle: marbles and transfer-printed whiteware sherd. Lower row: 

lighting rods surrounding a key. 

carbon, a 

63 
colored with shades of blue being the most commonly used color. Two glass marbles were solid color 

(black and very pale green). AU provenienced marbles came from Stratum 1 in various test units. Six 

marbles came from the north side of Thomas Park while 10 marbles came from the south. Pieces of 

two dolls were found in the northwestern and southern quadrants of the site. In twentieth century fill 

(Stratum 1 of Test Unit 1) was found a doll’s arm with a flat, stylized hand measuring 1.6 in. (overall 

length). The object is made of lead, but contains a short ferrous insert at the shoulder to connecto the 

body. Another recreational object found in the upper fill deposits of the fort’s ditch was the lower 

torso, legs, and feet of a white porcelain doll. The unpainted item is about 1 l/4 in. long. 

Several personal items were found, all in the twentieth century fill deposits of Test Unit 8. A brass 

duck with top hat and cane tucked under the wing is the size of a bracelet charm or necklace pendant, 

but there is no hole for attachment, The maximum dimension is almost 1 l/2 in. The second item is a 

plastic shirt stud that is shaped like an asymmetrical barbell, measuring about 7/16 in. long. Third, a 

drilled and facetted, brown bead, probably ceramic, measures almost 7/64 in. and could be a prayer 

bead from a rosary. Fiially, a set of small, drilled, milkglass beads constitutes the fourth example of 

personal items; each bead is l/4 in. or less. 

Concerning the hardware, a tiagment of a brass curtain rod holder was also found in Test Unit 8. 

There are five holes in the upper part of the flat item for fastening the holder to the wall. The larger, 

lower part contains the rings where the rods are inserted. The object is almost square, 1 112 in. along 

its longest dimension. 

Twenty-five fragments of carbon arc-rods used in electrical lighting toward the end of the 19th century 

were found in the ditch excavations, Seven fragments exhibited the diagnosticonical and dimpled top 

that distinguishes these carbon rods t?om battery elements. The diameters of the rods were uniformly 

7/16 in., while the longest IYagment measured 2in. Test Unit 4 along the General Thomas walk 

contained ahigh concentration (five) of these objects. 

Artifacts from the Ditch Fill. In general, there were very few artifacts found in the ditch fill, an event 

that probably occurred in 1852. Each test unit (Nos. 1, 4-8, 10, and 11) that contained ditch fill 

resulted in the recovery of seven or less artifacts; those artifact groupings represented are food and 

containers, building materials, and indeterminate/other, which are the most common groups found in 

the general population. In other words, as expected, these units with few ditch artifacts are missing the 

rare artifact groupings--clothing/personal, recreational, military, and fixtures/tools. The ceramics 

includes two sherds of white, salt-glazed stone ware, found in the upper soil lenses, and plain 

whiteware. Indeterminate corroded metal fragments and machine cut nails were also found. The ditch 

till (Feature 1) of TU 7 yielded 6 nail/spike Eagments, generally about 4 l/2 in. long; one was handwrought. Three of the remaining 4 nails were the same size (4 1/2ii.), although corrosion makes it 

difficult to distinguish whole nails from f?agments. Given that clay, pipe stem fragments were found in 

twentieth-century fill of most excavation units, it is surprising that none were found in the ditch till. 

Also, the absence of military artifacts is noteworthy and may indicate that the loam fill was imported 

f?om a non-military location or that, ifthe drumlin fill were used, Dorchester Heights had been picked 

clean of militq artifacts by souvenir hunters. It would be expected that a few military artifacts would 

have washed into the bottom of the ditch, but none were found. 

64 
Summary 

The ditch of the May 1776 star fort was tIlled in the early 1850s when the rough preliminary grading of 

the glacial drumlin was done. The 1850s ditch fill is immediately overlain by Stratum II that contains 

asphalt chunks dating to the 1930s when Workers Progress Adm~stration !aborers replaced the earlier 

asphalt sidewalks with the present cement sidewalks. Thus, soil strata representing the time period 

between the early 1850s and the 1930s are missing and appear to have been graded away. This 

grading also truncated the tops of the scar-p and counterscarp, as well as the parade ground and any of 

its surface or near-surface features. It is estimated that the cutting penetrated 2.5 ft. below the parade 

ground level. The most probable date for this cutting was 1900 when loam was stripped form the 

Park’s surface in preparation for the construction of the Peabody and Sterns monument. This cutting 

may also have been done in the 1870s when the present walkway pattern was made. Also, in the 1870% 

large park expenditures were made, perhaps to improve the park in 1876 for the centennial celebration 

of the first colonial victory of the Revolution. On the north side of the park, the ditch was completely 

graded away, and on the south side, probably reduced to approximately half of its original 8-R. height. 

This section is primarily concerned with the morphology and features of the ditch in keeping with the 

military focus of the project, but begins with a discussion of the soils overlying the ditch. 

General. Non-fort Stratiaraphy. The top two strata (1 and 2) comprise the deposits related to the 

development of Linden/Thomas Park. Stratum 1 was the fine quality loam for the lawn while Stratum 

2 was the leveling mix used for rough grading of the drumlin. Both these strata contain modem 

artifacts. In addition, a layer of large asphalt chunks was found within Stratum 2. This indicated that 

Stratum 2 was primarily a 20th century deposit because the asphalt is a till layer. This till occurred in 

the 1930s when Workers Progress Administration laborers replaced the earlier asphalt sidewalks with 

the present cement sidewalks. The earlier asphalt walks are shown on the Olmsted Brother (1913) 

topographic survey of Thomas Park. 

This conclusion is surprising for two reasons. Fiist, the predicted stratigraphy (see the “Pre-excavation 

Stratigraphy” section of Chapter 4) included a number of ground disturbing historical events. Few of 

these events are recognized in the stratigraphy. Secondly, there are no strata representing the time 

period between the ditch filling ofthe 1850s and the asphalt-bearing Stratum 2 of the 1930s. One must 

speculate that one of the predicted historical events, possibly the grading at the time of the monument 

completion in the 1900-04 period or even later in the sidewalk rejuvenation of the 193Os, took place 

and that it removed any deposits from the 1860s to the 1920s. 

The Morphology of the Ditch. Four complete profiles across the ditch were obtained in the long 

backhoe trenches. In addition, 4 exposures of the scarp alone, 2 exposures of the counterscatp alone, 

and a single exposure of only the ditch center were revealed. These exposures are partial because the 

true historic top of the ditch was not encountered. The floor of the ditch was straight and horizontal, as 

expected, with two exceptions: 1) at the west salient, the partially excavated floor in Test Unit 4 

seemed to be parallel to the 1994 slope of the drumlin and 2) at the south salient, the low spot was at 

the ditch center in Test Unit 5 with the floor sloping upward toward the scarp and counterscarp. 

Gridley’s (1776) drawing shows the floor of the ditch to be 3.5 ft. wide. However, these 1994-1996 

excavations showed that the ditch floor was 10 fi. wide, which is considerably narrower than similar 

forts. Ft. Frederica’s ditch was 36 fl. wide (Manucy 1945: 133) while ditches at Ft. Stanwix were 18 

65 
and 15 ft. wide at the bastions (closest to Dorchestel’s salients). The difference may be due to 

Dorchester’s naturally wet ditch created by rain and ground water collecting in the impetious drumlin 

soils; both of the comparative forts had dry moats. The narrow, wet moat of Dorchester may be more 

diicult to attack than the wider, dry moats because of the water obstacle. These two forts are chosen 

for comparison because they were similar--earthworks reveted with logs or turf (not masonry) and 

constructed to conform with siegecraft theory of the mid- to late eighteenth century. 

On the basis of excavated and documentary evidence, there was a lo-11 ft. elevational diierence 

between the ditch floor and the hypothesized level of the parade ground. This possibiity could not be 

verified archeologically because the true top of the ditch was distrubed when the fort site was 

converted into recreational space. Gridley’s 1776 drawing shows a 8.5 ft. depth of the ditch This 

postulated depth conforms to the siegecraft theory of both Vauban (Rothrock 1968: Plate III) and 

Lochee (1783: 17) who proscribed minimal ditch depths of 6 ft. Comparatively, the Ft. Frederica ditch 

was the minimal 6 ft. deep to keep the floor above the water table at mean high tide (Manucy 1945: 

133). At Fort Stan% the north ditch was 10 ft. deep and built into well-drained sands (Hanson and 

Hsu 1975: Figure 32). 

At Dorchester, the floor of the ditch was found between 139.0 and 140.7 ft. elevation at the 

northwestern, western, and southeastern salients. This is close to the predicted elevation of 134-140 

ft. The only exception to this pattern was found at the southern salient (Test Unit 5), where the floor 

of the ditch was found 2-4 ft. lower at 136.6 ft., still within the predicted range. Several explanations 

for this greater depth are possible: 1) the southern slope of the drumlin was steep, 2) more dii was 

needed to build up the ramparts at the southern salient and 3) the ditch in Test Unit 5 was deepened 

“randomly” (rather~ than the standardization associated with the military) during cleaning by civilian 

volunteers for the 1814 modifications. The third explanation is considered the most likely. 

The angle that the ditch floor forms with the scarp is best measured in Trenches 1 and 2 where the 

maximum amount of ditch and scaq are preserved. The angle is 13 1 degrees on the northwest salient 

(Trench 1) and 144 degrees on the west salient (Trench 2). These angles vary slightly (4 and 9 degrees 

respectively) from the traditional, l-to-l slope (135 degrees) that is the geometrically perfect form 

assumed in military manuals and in archeological monographs (Manucy 1959: 33 and Figure 20). In 

Test Unit 11, where only a small amount of the floor was captured in the protile, the measured angle 

was 146 degrees, or 11 degrees more than the geometric ideal. 

Comparatively, the floor/wall angles at Ft. Frederica (Manucy 1945: 134) were 135 and 137 degrees, 

while at Ft. Stanwix (Hanson and Hsu 1975: Figure 32) the floor/wall angles were 130 degrees. At the 

96 Star Redoubt in South Carolina, the base narrowed to as little as .30 ft. from a maximum width 

across the top 14.85 fi. The calculated angle from those measurements results in a 143 degrees angle 

between one unspecified sidewall and the floor of the ditch. This fort is very similar to the Dorchester 

fort in time (Revolutionary War), size (280 A. &om salient to salient), and features (earthen ramparts 

and an earthen ditch). 

Baulks located at the junction of the ditch sidewalls and the ditch floor were found only on the 

northwest salient which is strategically important because it faces toward Boston Neck, the narrow, 

sometimes tidally-flooded connection between the Shawmut Peninsula (Boston) and the mainland. The 

only land road to Boston crosses Boston Neck. A step (or covert) is shown on the Gridley (1776) 

66 

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P ..” 

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profile, but near the top of the counterscarp, not at its base. Two baulks were found on the 

counterscarp side of the ditch, and one~step on the scarp side. The juncture of the floor of the ditch 

with the two intact baulks is quite variabie--even at the same, northwestern salient. In Trench i, the 

angle at the step/ditch floor intersection is 132 degrees, while it is 104 degrees in Test Unit 1. The 

baulks of the Test Unit 1 extension (scarp and counterscarp sides) are quite narrow, while the Trench 1 

step on the counterscarp is very wide; all are about l-2 ft. high. These bat&s probably served as baulks 

to prevent the erosional undercutting of the sidewalls by water standing or flowing in the ditch. This 

may have been necessary because the drumlin soil matrix prevented water percolation, creating a wet 

moat. Alternatively, the 1 ft.-wide baulks may have served as slightly elevated, dry walkways (similar 

to coverts) in the ditch; however, the narrowness of the step argues against this possibility. The former 

interpretation of erosional bar&s is favored. In any case, extra effort was applied at this strategically 

important northwest salient for either military or engineering reasons. 

In three places, a shallow drainage trough (cunettes) in the shape of a trough averaging 1 ft. wide was 

dug into the floor of the ditch. Two cmeffes were located as expected, on the downhill side of the 

ditch to collect rainwater or possibly human waste. Muller (1799) notes that drainage and sewage 

considerations are important factors in the design of fortifications, On the northwest salient in Test Unit 

1 extension, the cmeffe was located on the uphill, scarp side of the ditch, apparently to collect ground 

water percolating through the soils of the parade and the ramparts. This trough, plus the scarp 

exposure itself would relieve the hydraulic pressure of the water table, particularly avoiding soil 

perturbations caused by alternating freezes and thaws. Stokinger and Moran (1978) discuss the 

importance of relieving hydraulic pressure in fortifications. Hydraulic pressure and improper drainage 

led to deterioration of the masonry revetments at Fort McHenmy (Cheek and Bali&i 1993). 

Fruises, which are poles placed diagonally in the ground to impede and impale the besieging forces, 

were sometimes located in the ditch. They are shown on Gridley’s 1776 drawing (Figure 3.1). No 

evidence ofpostholes or postmolds was found in the ditch excavations. 

In all excavations, the scarp was always better preserved than the counterscarp, i.e., less of the scarp, 

compared to the counterscarp, had been graded away after the fort’s abandonment. In addition, the 

tallest scarps were located at the southeastern salient (4.5 ft.) and at the gate complex (4.2 fi.). The 

grading for Lindeflhomas Park was apparently parallel to the historic drumlin slope, rather than 

horizontally flat, because the elevations of the scarp at the salients (the furthest downhill points) were 

lower than the elevations closer tot he reentrant angles (the uphill locations). The elevation of the 

disturbed top of the scarp abutment at the gate entrance is 143.7 fit., the highest undisturbed portion of 

the ditch (see Chapter 7). 

At three salients, the scarp profiles showed interdigitation between the intact subsoil that defined the 

scarp and the loam fill. This interdigitation probably reflected the erosion and deterioration of the sod 

revetment that covered the parapet walls and possibly the scarp. Sod revetment was necessary because 

of the steep continuous slope created by the exterior face of the rampart and the scarp below it. This 

slope that was perhaps 16-18 fl. tall would have eroded quickly without the sod protection. By 

contrast, the shorter counterscarp (with no rampart walls above it) may not have required sod, because 

the interdigitation was not found on the counterscarp side ofthe ditch. 

67 
In the early stages of excavation, it was hypothesized that the ditch would have been filled with 

redeposited subsoil from the ramparts after the fort was razed for creation of Thomas Park. A 

newspaper account described the razing as “throwing down the fort,” which, taken literally, means that 

the soil Tom the ramparts would have been used to fill the ditch, i.e., a balanced job just as the 

“throwing up a fort” was a balanced job. This pre-excavation hypothesis was not supported by the 

majority of the evidence. In most cases, the till of the ditch typically consisted of nearly clean loam and 

of loam mottled with subsoil, gravel, and small cobbles. Test Unit 11 was unique because the ditch till 

contained redeposited subsoil, along with two kinds of loam and colluvium. The subsoil-mottled loam 

and coiluvial fill of the ditch at the gate complex will be discussed inthe next chapter. 

68 
CHAPTER 7 

THE GATE EXCAVATXHW 

The gate entrance was explored by means of five trenches. The first, Trench 3, resulted in the 

discovery of the wall that came to be identified as the bridge abutment on the scarp side of the ditch. 

Trenches 4-6 explored this abutment and Trench 7 was used to explore the counterscarp side of the 

abutment (Figure 7.1). Trenches 4-6 were 5 ft.--wider than other backhoe trenches--and of variable 

lengths. The Ht. grid system of provenience controls, was followed, as in the manual excavation 

units, after the backhoe removal of the twentieth century overburden. The massive architecture of the 

abutments and the abundance of features prevented the use of the normal 3-m level; instead excavation 

proceeded by the major soil strata as recorded on the profiles. This chapter begins with a description of 

the scarp abutment followed by the counterscarp abutment and last, a summary of the artifacts and 

architectural features of the entrance system. The features discussed in this chapter are shown in 

Figures 7.2 and 7.3 (pocket) 

The Scarp Abutment, Drain, and Gate Features-Trenches 3-6 and Test Unit 6 

Trench 3. This backhoe trench extended Corn the coordinates (Figure 5.1) of 996 E, 956 N to 980 E, 

940 N. The placement of the trench was done to assess the planned impact of tree plantings and to 

investigate the western salient of the ditch near the postulated fort entrance (Gridley 1776). Because of 

the logistical problems in the narrow Trenches 1 and 2, Trench 3 was slightly widened to two buckets, 

approximately 3 ft. in width. Approximately 18 inches of twentieth century deposits were removed 

from Trench 3 by backhoe. These deposits included Stratum 1, a dark grayish brown (1OYR 3/2) loam 

with gravel, and Stratum 2, containing black asphalt chunks. Large, shaped buildiig stones began to be 

encountered in the northern end of the trench. The excavations using the backhoe were discontinued in 

this area so that the feature could be explored manually by shovel and trowel. These in situ, articulated 

building stones were called Feature 1 and later identified as the masonry bridge abutment on the scarp 

side of the ditch (Figure 7.4). South of the abutment, approximately two feet of twentieth century park 

deposits were removed by backhoe from the middle of the ditch. The backhoe excavations continued 

to the south until another set of shaped, building stones was encountered. After manual cleaning, this 

southern cluster of building stones was designated Feature 2, the counterscarp abutment. The fill in the 

ditch (Strata 3, 4, 4A, and 4B) was hand-excavated to separate the purposeful ftll from the colluvium 

noted in other trenches, For provenience controls, excavation was conducted along Trench 3 in five 

foot units, beginning with the north (Trench 3-l) and progressing to the south (Trench 3-2 to 3-5). 

The counterscarp abutment, Feature 2, was partially covered by an unordered array of building stones 

dislodged from the top of the counterscarp wall. This array of wall fall on the counterscarp side was 

identified as Feature 3. 

69 
m Wood 

@ Wall Collapse 

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/////// 0 I2 3 4 5 ////// 

/ / /////A ////// I 

~~___- , , , , , , 

Dark grayish brown loam with gravel @I Colluvial dark grayish brown sandy silt @ Foundation trench for Fl 

0 S2 Black asphalt and residual 0 4B Colluvial dark grayish brown sandy silt with gravel 0 F2 Masonry wall ofcountcrscarp 

@ Subsoil @ Builder’s Trench 

0 ~4 Colluvial dark gnyish brown sandy silt @ Masonry wall of scarp 

Figure 7.4. Trench 3 (east section). The ditch profile at the bridge abutments (Fl, warp, and F2, counterscarp) of the western salient near 

the southwest reentrant angle is shown. 
Excavation of the fill in the ditch revealed two separate strata. Stratum 3, a dark grayish brown (1OYR 

3/2) loam with subsoil, gravel, cobble and boulder-sized inclusions could be associated with the tilling 

of the ditches to create the park in the 1850s. Three musket balls (#1197) were recovered from the 

scarp side of Stratum 3. Both whiteware and domestic stoneware (#1214-l@ sherds were found on 

the counterscarp side of Stratum 3. The deeper deposit, Stratum 4, was a dark grayish brown (1OYR 

4/2) sandy silt that seemed to be a water-laid deposit. It was slightly lighter in color than Stratum 3 

and is most likely associated with the years immediately after abandonment of the fortitications. Strata 

4A and 4B were variants of Stratum 4, with Stratum 4B containing gravel in addition to the sandy silt. 

Notable artifacts Tom Stratum 4 include 2 musket balls (#1203, 1205) from the scarp side of the ditch. 

Overall, the counterscarp side of Strata 3 and 4 produced more artifacts than the scarp side. One five 

foot section (Trench 3-3) of the ditch till was left unexcavated due to logistical and iinancial 

considerations. 

In summary, Trench 3 encountered narrow portions of two massive walls that extended beyond the 

trench. In order to identify the function of the walls, an expansion of the excavation area was 

necessary. Thus, four additional trenches were opened up to further assess this cultural resource; three 

on the scarp side (Trenches 4-6) and one on the counterscarp (Trench 7). 

Trench 4. The backhoe removed Stratum 1 and part of Stratum 2 in the area where the scarp 

abutment (Feature 1) was thought to extend toward the west. When more building-type stones were 

encountered, the backhoe exploration stopped; shovel excavation and manual clean-up of the feature 

followed. Thereafter, the mechanical excavation and manual clean-up were discontinued about six 

inches from the top of the feature. In the part of the trench where there was no masonry, mechanical 

excavation was continued until approximately a foot of fill remained above the previously-located 

bottom of the ditch. After mechanical excavation, the trench was cleaned up and cut to a 5- by lofoot trench, extending westerly from Trench 3 (Figure 7.1). During the cleaning, one musket ball 

(#1251) as well as a mixture of historic and modem objects was recovered. For provenience controls, 

Trench 4 was subdivided into two excavation units. Trench 4-l refers to the 5 by 5 foot unit to the 

east, closest to Trench 3, while Trench 4-2 refers to the 5 by 5 foot unit to the west; both sections 

were excavated manually by shovel and trowel.. 

The deposit lying directly above and surrounding the stones was called Stratum 3 (Figure 7.5). This 

stratum was a very dark grayish brown (IOYR 3/2), mottled loam with vestiges of redeposited subsoil 

containing gravel and cobble-sized inclusions. Another musket ball (#1260) as well as tieeblown and 

molded bottle glass (#1256-7) and brick fragments (#1255, 1263) were recovered. The stratum was 

peeled off to expose more of Feature 1, which continued diagonally into Trench 4 approximately 8 fi. 

Feature 1 in Trench 4 was built much like it was in Trench 3, with dressed stones, sometimes mortared, 

but the abutment decreased slightly in height toward the west. Some of Stratum 3 also lay in the ditch 

mostly excavated by the backhoe. The remainder was excavated in Trench 4-l to expose Feature 12. 

Feature 12 was wall fall from the scarp abutment with the stones in the brown loam (1OYR 3/3), 

deposited in a rather haphazard fashion. The fill mixed in with the stones and loam also contained 

bricks and fragments, mortar and sand deposits (#1268), as well as green bottle glass flagments 

(#1265-7) and building materials (#1271). Sand deposits and mortar are associated with Feature 12, 

bolstering the conclusion that these stones had once been part of Feature 1. One of the large stones 

found in the fill of Feature 12 was a large, flat piece of slate, similar to the slate used in the 

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@ L$ukg;Tjsh brown loam 

@ Black asphalt with residual 

@ Subsidiary wall @ Very dark grayish brown loam fill 

@ Foundation trench for FI A Brick and slate drain 

@ Very dark grayish brown loam @ Foundation trench for F 1 @ Trench for F 14 

& Subsoil @ Planting hole containing 

brown loam with inclusions 

Figure 7.5. Trench 4 (north profile). Profiles across the scarp’s buttress wall (FlA) and the original May 1776 drain (F13-F 15) arc shown 
construction of the drain, Feature 14. The fact that the drain was constructed as an integral part of the 

wall, but lacked the capping stone on the southern, exterior face of Feature 1, may indicate that this 

was the capping stone of the drain, but had been dislodged sometime after the fort was abandoned. The 

stratigraphic location of Feature 12 indicates that it was deposited sometime after the fort WAS 

abandoned, or at least sometime after the main drain of the fort had been abandoned, because the wall 

fall (Feature 12) mostly covered the opening of the drain (Feature 14A) along the southern face of the 

scarp abutment. Feature 17 was a small, shallow erosional pit created by the discharge of the drain and 

had been filled with very dark grayish brown sandy loam. 

Trench 4-2 did not contain any of the wall fall from the scarp abutment. Instead, Stratum 3 continued 

down along the face of the Feature 1. Stratum 3 contained brick fragments (#1273) and bottle glass 

sherds (#1274-6) along with brick and window glass (#1277). Lying directly below Stratum 3, and 

sloping from north to south was Stratum 3A, containing very homogeneous silt, possibly the result of 

colluvial deposition. It peeled off the bottom of the ditch to reveal two diierent elevations of subsoil. 

The elevations of subsoil were separated by a north-south line, perpendicular to the east-west face of 

Feature 1. The difference in elevation between the two areas was no more than an inch with the 

western side being the lowest. Feature 12 and Strata 3 in Trenches 4-l and 4-2 contained 33 objects 

but then the artifact counts dropped off considerably so that other proveniences only contained 1 object 

each. 

The west end of the scarp abutment ended in Trench 4-2, where the scarp wall turned a comer to the 

north. The north-tending portion of the wall is called the buttress wall which supported the scarp 

abutment. This comer and the wall had been set in a builder’s trench, Feature 5. Feature 5 till 

consisted primarily of redeposited subsoil, with small amounts of mottled loam mixed in to give it a 

slightly darker appearance than the surrounding subsoil. Feature 5 also contained varying amounts of 

gravel and cobble-siied rocks. Its dimensions were rather generous, as it was about two and a half feet 

wide, much wider than one would expect a builders trench to be. Feature 5 was found to be sloping in 

a north to south direction from the top of Feature 1 to the bottom of the ditch, indicating that the 

builders were attempting to contour the till to follow the slope of the scarp. It yielded only brick 

fragments (#1280-2) and a green bottle sherd (#1283). 

Feature 14, the drain discovered in the scarp abutment wall, probably emptied water into the ditch, 

some of which came t?om the parade ground (Figure 7.5). The builders trench for the drain extended 

along the entire eastern edge of the Trench 4. The drain was constructed tiom brick and edge-beveled 

slate, and was slightly elevated above the base of the ditch. Some of the front ofthe drain had collapsed 

into the fill of the ditch after the fort had been abandoned. No artifacts were associated with this 

feature. 

Trench 5. This was a north-south tending, 5 x 12-e. trench excavated perpendicular and to the north 

of Trench 4. It was excavated to tinther explore the dimensions and appearance of the gate of the fort. 

The southern half of the trench was designated Trench 5-1, while the northern half received the 

designation of Trench 5-2. Most of the overburden (Strata 1, 2, and part of 3) was removed by a 

combination of backhoe and shovel excavation. The unit was cleaned and several features became 

apparent (Figure 7.6). 

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/ / / / / ////////// 

/ / / / / /’ / / / / / , / / / / /’ /’ i” ./’ 1’ 

Very dark grayish brown loam fill 

3 $2’ Black asphalt residual @ Planting hole containing brown lOam wi* inclusions @ Brick and s1ate drain @ Wooden beam 

3 Very dark grayish brown loam ~11 0 

Very dark grayish brown 

loam till @ Trench for F14 @ Wooden beam 

3 Subsoil 0 F12 stone wall fall Trench for F25 filled \vith light 

SI / Slate P!T Brick 

Figure 1.6. Trench 5 (east section). The longitudinal slope of the May 1776 drain (F13) and the cross-section of the possible timber bracing 

(F19,25) for the gate are shown. 
Feature 9 was a posthole tilled with very dark grayish brown loam (Figure 7.7). It lay at the end of the 

north- south buttress wall, Feature lA, and still contained vertical tiagments of wood, remnants of the 

post that used to be in it. No post mold was evident, but it was constructed at the same time as the gate 

complex, and must have served a purpose in its operation, The stone lining the interior of the pit 

seemed to have been selected and constructed to form two flat faces for the insertion of a square post 

or beam. The artifact collection was similar to Trench 4 fmds includiig green bottle glass (#1290) 

and an unidentitied metal objects (#1291) and a lead ball (#1292). 

Feature 10 was a large tree planting hole that had been excavated in the southern half of the unit. The 

lines delineating the planting hole were clear on what would have been the southern edge of the pit, 

caught in the eastern protile of Trench 4 and 5, but not that clear on the north. The feature had 

originally begun below Stratum 2. The fill in the feature seemed to be stratilied and two types of soil 

were intermixed. One was a dark yellowish brown mottled (1OYR 4/4) clayey loam and the other was 

a vety dark grayish brown loam (1OYR 3/2). They had been mixed to such a degree that it was 

impossible to excavate them as separate units and so they were combined and given the designation of 

Feature 10. The artifacts recovered included metal (#1299) and brick (#1295). This planting hole had 

disrupted the top portion of a brick and slate drain that ran down through the middle of the slope and 

out of Feature 1. It seems that in the original excavation of Feature 10, the slate cap stone and several 

bricks of the drain had been removed and/or redeposited in the fill. The artifact assemblage was 

reminiscent of the Trench 4 materials, suggesting that it may have been an early planting hole, possibly 

dating from the 1850s to 1870s. 

Feature 14, the brick sides and the slate cap and bottom stones forming the drain ran downslope from 

north to south in a rather sharp pitch (Figure 7.6), but perpendicular to the face of the scarp abutment 

(Plate II). The bricks, while in pristine condition, had been dislocated from their original position to 

such a degree that it was hard to measure the interior dimensions of the drain. The bricks had been 

stacked on the slate as high as three courses, and the single cap stone that ran through the scarp 

abutment (Feature 1) had beveled edges. Some of the larger stones used for Feature 1 that sat on top 

of the slate capstone had been chinked into place with bricks similar to those used in the drain. An 

unusual feature was that the slate used for the base of the drain was much wider than the brick-formed 

channel of the drain itself The slate basal stone sometimes extended as much as a foot to the west of 

the brick edge creating a large builder’s trench (Feature 15). The fill removed from inside the drain was 

designated Features 13 and 13A. 

The drain had been cut through during a later period by Feature 16, an east-west trench (Plate II). The 

till within the trench, a light olive brown soil (2.5 Y 5/4), was loosely packed and covered the remnants 

of a beam. The beam (Feature 19) had been placed horizontally on flat-lying stones which lined the 

bottom of the trench. The beam was made from oak (Quercus SD.). Cobbles were stacked, as much as 

three courses in height, lining the northern side of Feature 16In the interior space between the buttress 

wail and the scarp abutment (east of Feature 1, Test Unit 6, the stone pit with wood post), a trench 

(Feature 26) was discovered running in a east-west direction and bisecting the builders trench (Feature 

15) for the brick and slate drain. This Feature 26 trench was almost identical to the Features 16/19 

complex found in Trench 5-1, consisting of light olive brown soil (2.5 Y 5/4), a wooden beam, a 

stone-lined bottom, and the stacked cobbles on the northern side of the trench. Functionally, the two 

feature complexes were probably similar--parts of the threshhold, the horizontal base of the support for 

the gate doors (Hanson and Hsu 1975: 40). 

76 
, / 

/ / I 

/////// /////// ” , , , ..i ,i’ / , 

asphalt and residual @ Subsoil CT Post hole 

Very dark grayish brown loam Masonry wall Stone filled pit 

Figure 7.7. Trench 5 (west section). The interior face of the scarp’s (Fl) buttress wall (FIA) at the west salient and the large rock-filled i:aturc 

(Fll) are shown. 
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Plate II. The Scarp Abutment, Drain, and Gate Repairs. The interior of the masonry scarp 

abutment and buttressing wall (right) and the brick and slate drain (left) are shown. The 

horizontal trench (middle ground) shows one gate repair that disrupted the drain. 

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Vertical posts, (Features 9, 20) were probably parts of beams that extended above the entrance surface 

to provide a reinforced superstructure, possibly as jambs to support the doors ofthe gate. These posts 

were probably replaced several times during the fort’s existence as re-excavation of postholes is hinted 

at in Features 9 and 11. The horizontal threshold and the vertical jambs served as a f?amework for the 

doors, as shown in Figure 7.8. 

Excavation of the features in Trench 5 indicated that the gate had been modified several times during 

its existence. When the stone masonry gate was constructed, probably in 1776, a central brick and 

slate drain was used to drain the parade ground. This drain was later cut in two places when two 

trenches were dug and two wooden beams were placed at the bottom probably during the War of 

1812. Subsequently, the fort had to be drained some other way. 

Test Unit 6. This unit was a 5-by-5 ft. pit located at the coordinates of 980 E and 963 N (Figure 5.1). 

It was located in this position specifically to investigate the impact that construction of the proposed 

sprinkler system would have on the ditch and to detect evidence of the scarp. The test unit was 

originally excavated during the 1994 testing, and contained a stone pit that was only partially excavated 

in 1994. Excavation ofthe entire pit was completed in 1995. The excavations in 1994 and 1995 in this 

unit are described in this section. 

Stratum 1 was a brown to dark brown loam (1OYR 3/3-4/3) containing gravel inclusions. While it 

varied slightly in color from the top strata in the other units, it seems to be part of the same modem 

humic horizon. Plastics (#834, 860-2) and other modem material culture (#830, 835) were recovered 

from both ofthe levels within the stratum. 

Lying directly below Stratum 1 was Stratum 2, a dark grayish brown loam (1OYR 4/2) with fragments 

of asphalt. This stratum is undeniably contemporaneous with Stratum 2 in Test Unit 1, because both 

strata contain asphalt chunks. Stratum 2 ranged from 13 to 18 in. thick and was excavated in both 3 in. 

and 6 in. levels. Notable artifacts found within the stratum included whiteware (#867, 891, 909, 924), 

ironstone (#893), and creamware fragments (#908), a piece of a carbon-arc rod (#922), and a metal 

latch (#921). The large asphalt chunks disappeared in Stratum 2, Level 4, but some gravel-sized 

asphalt fragments continued in lower levels, 

Underneath Stratum 2, a feature and subsoil were encountered. Feature 1 was a cylindrical rock-filled 

pit that extended beyond the eastern wall of Test Unit 6 and was at least 2 ft. deep, where it was no 

longer physically possible to excavate. The feature top has been truncated by landscape grading. Two 

pieces ofwhiteware (#936,937) which may have been intrusive were found in the top feature level. 

In the northern portion of Trench 5, the unexcavated portion of Feature 1 in Test Unit 6 that was 

examined in 1995 was opened and designated Feature 11. The stones noted in the previously excavated 

portion (Feature 1) of the pit continued in the unexcavated matrix to the west. These stones, however, 

seemed to be more haphazardly arranged than those originally encountered in the 1994 excavations in 

the eastern part of the feature. About a foot below the leve1 where the feature was originally discovered 

in Test Unit 6, the remains of a wooden post (Feature 20) were discovered. After Feature 11 had been 

drawn and photographed, the rocks in the feature were removed. The interpretation of the oddshaped, stone-filled feature with post is unclear; a flagpole base is one possibility; and part of the pit 

may have served as a catch basin after the 1776 drain was disturbed by gate repairs. 

79 
-.. ~. .., .._ z-.-- 15’ .,- 

Figure 7.8. Gates Shown by Muller (1764). The Dorchester gate may have resembled the barrier gate (adopted from and 

amended by Manucy 1945: Plate 27, ff. p. 138) 
Trench 6. This was also a north-south tending, 5 ft. by 12 ft. trench opened up to expose more of the 

gate system on the scarp side of the ditch (Figure 7.1). This trench contained all of the previously 

excavated Test Unit 6 in the north. This previously excavated test unit was reopened to examine the 

relatioiiship of*he stone-?illed pit (Feature 1) to the gate complex. 

The excavation of Trench 6 began with the backhoe removal of Stratum 1 and 2, the post-1933 

deposits. Excavation of Trench 6 revealed several features, including Feature IA, a north-south 

buttress wall articulating to and supporting the scarp abutment. The wall was approximately eight 

inches wider in the south where it articulated with scarp abutment than at its terminus in the north. The 

stones in this subsidiaxy wall seemed to be composed of more fieldstones and fewer dressed blocks 

than the scarp abutment. 

The builder’s trench, Feature 5, previously noted in Trench 4-2 continued into Trench 6. It contained 

fill (Figure 7.9) that was composed of compacted, redeposited subsoil with brown loam inclusions. 

Feature 5 continued northward parallel to the buttressing wall and opposite the northernmost end of 

the buttressing wall, Feature 1A; the buttressing wall and its builders trench were the same length. 

Feature 5 had been historically re-excavated during a later period after the initial, 1776 construction of 

the buttress wall. This was noticeable because the re-excavation of the trench had cut through another 

builder’s trench (Feature 7) to the west. 

Feature 7 was either a pit or the beginning of a trench extending to the west and beyond the 

excavation. It may have been contemporary with the modifications that took place in the gate complex 

as previously noted in Features 16, 19, 20, 25, and 26. Feature 7 was iilled with redeposited subsoil, 

light olive brown in color (2.5 Y 5/4) which contained worm and root molds of brown loam. The 

feature was not lined with stone or wood. The lill in Feature 7 had been cut into by Feature 8, a post 

hole approximately 18 inches in diameter. The dark brown loam fl clearly distinguished the 

dimensions of the post hole. The post itself (Feature 27), circular in shape, had a diameter of 

approximately 8 to 10 inches. Fragments of light green glass (#1329) were distributed in the upper 

elevations of the feature. 

The stratigraphic deposition of Features 5 and 7 is complex. The earliest stratigraphic event happened 

when Feature 5 was excavated to construct the buttressing wall. Later, possibly during the War of 

18 12, Feature 7 was excavated and, at the same time, some of the 6ll of Feature 5 was removed. The 

soil that remained as “left over” from the original excavation of the Feature 5 builders trench consisted 

of redeposited subsoil containing dark brown plant and worm molds. This residual soil in Feature 5 

also contained a few brick f?agments (#1335), but no other dateable artifacts. At a still later time, 

Feature 5 was re-excavated and backfilled with two difTerent strata, a dark brown loam and 

redeposited subsoil. This historic back6lling was done during the modiications and improvements to 

the gate entrance system. 

The Counterscarp Abutment--Trench 7 

This trench was excavated to expose and to Cuther investigate the counterscarp, first discovered in 

Trench 3. A backhoe was used to remove the top 18 inches of park-related deposits. The eastern 5-e. 

segment of Trench 7 was designated 7-1 and the western halfwas designated Trench 7-2. Strata 3 and 

81 
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/ / / / / / i / 

/ / / / / / ,’ / 

////I//// 

/ / / / / / / / , / , i 

/ / / / / / / / / / , : 

@ &$gr,“,.y;h brown loam 

Black asphalt and residual 

r / / / / / / / / , ,’ ,I . ..I , , 

/ 1, / / / / / , , , ,/ , / 

/////// / 

0 

/ , ..” ,’ , 

-“G / / I / / / , j ,, , , ,/ ,I , 

! 

/ / / / / / , / , , , . ..l’ ./ ,/ 

/ / / / / / , / , / / , , , 

/ / / / / / / , / , ,f , ,< , , 

a----- , , s , a-< , , , , ,,. / ;... ,,. ,. 

0 I 2 3 4 5 ,/ Feet / / / / , ./’ / , 

, I I I 1 I I i / / / / / , ,.,’ / , 

0 I 2 Mews / / / , / , :/ , ,/ 

T-Yn--vr-m / / / / / ,’ ,/’ ,.’ / 

@ Very dark grayish brow silt @ Trench 

Subsoil Post hole 

- 

Very dark grayish brown loam @ Foundation trench for Fl and FlA @ Post 

Figure 7.9. Trench 6 (west section). The central feahns (F7, 8,27) may be part ofthe gate supporting structure; S3 is the ditch fill and F5 is 

the trench for the scq abuttmcnt. 
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4 in Trench 7 were similar in composition and color to the same strata in Trench 4 that were discussed 

above. These strata contained the majority of the artifacts, while the scarp-related features found in 

Trench 7 contained very few artifacts. 

The !arge masonry counterscarp had already been encountered and identified as Feature 2 during the 

excavation of Trench 3. Similar construction techniques were used to construct both walls on the scarp 

and counterscarp sides of the ditch. Feature 2 contained large, dressed, and in some cases mortared 

rocks similar to those in the scarp abutment, Feature 1 (Figure 7.10). The stones used to construct the 

wall became progressively smaller to the east. Many of the rocks that had originally been a part of the 

wall had tumbled down in front of it and into the ditch, forming Feature 3. Many of these rocks were 

too large to be moved, greatly restricting the excavation of the ditch fl on the counterscarp side. 

Likewise, the area south of the counterscarp abutment could not be completely excavated because of 

the narrow backhoe trench. 

Among the additional features discovered were Features 21 and 2L4, which represent discarded refuse 

deposited at the base of the counterscarp abutment. Several burned lenses, possibly the remains of 

boards, were found in these features. Artifacts recovered from the feature included pieces of domestic 

stoneware (19th century, #1391-2) and several machine-cut nails (#1393). 

On the western end of Trench 7, a builders trench (Feature 23) was discovered for the construction of 

the counterscarp abutment. Unlike Feature 5, previously described, the builders ofthe counterscarp 

wall did not attempt to contour the backtill of the builder’s trench to the shape of the earthen 

counterscarp. Instead, it was clear from excavating the counterscarp builder’s trench that the wall 

projected out toward the center of the ditch from the counterscarp. This was apparent because a very 

dark grayish brown silt (Stratum 3A) had been deposited in f?ont of the till of Feature 23. 

Interdigitation of the ditch fill and the trench till was also found. Feature 24 was part of the builder’s 

trench south of the counterscarp abutment. It contained redeposited subsoil with brown root and insect 

molds. Due to constricted space, it was not completely excavated. 

On the eastern end of Trench 7, another feature was discovered. Feature 22 was a stratified trench 

excavated for the purpose of constructing the existing sidewalk. The strata within this modern 

disturbance included ccmpacted redeposited subsoil and soil mottled with large chunks of black 

asphalt. Feature 22 may have destroyed evidence of an eastern builders trench for the counterscarp 

abutment. 

The Artifact Collection 

Based on the 1994 excavations of the ditch fill, few artifacts were expected and few were found during 

the 1995 excavations at the gate. The few artifacts recovered from the gate complex in Trenches 3 

through 7 date to the late eighteenth and early nineteenth-centuries. Important early artifacts and a 

summary of artifacts recovered during the excavations at the gate entrance are reviewed in this section, 

ANCS numbers (not repeated here) were given in the descriptive text. 

Musket Balls. Seven lead musket balls were recovered f?om the lower strata of the ditch fill in 

Trenches 3 and 4. These were the first and only clearly military artifacts recovered from Dorchester 

Heights in two seasons of excavations. (A third military artifact was uncovered in the 1996 

83 
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E 142.m Key 

Figure 7.10. Trench 4 (north and south sections). The ditch-facing elevation of the scarp 

(above) and counter scarp (below) bridge abutments are shown. 

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excavations.) The musket balls had no unusual characteristics (Elate IlI) except that #1197 (Appendix 

B) appears to have been incompletely cast and two others ( #I205 and #1260) have minor indentations 

that were probably not due to firing. All musket balls were from the scarp side of the ditch, and, except 

for one, all were from the ditch till. 

Fottr balls were .64 caliber, while one was smaller (.59 caliber) and two were !arger (.65 and .66 

calibers), These musket balls of various calibers could have been used in a smooth bore .75 caliber 

flintlock weapon which was standard issue for British and American forces during the Revolution 

(Peterson 1968: 29-30). The most common caliber sizes found at Fort Stanwix in New York (used 

between 1758 and 1781) were .69, .63, and .56 (Hanson and Hsu 1975:79). However, .75 caliber 

muskets were still in use during the War of 18 12 and so a nineteenth century date for the musket balls 

cannot be ruled out. 

Earlv Ceramics. Only one ceramic tableware fragment found in the 1995 field season may be 

contemporaneous with the construction and use of the fort. This consists of a fragment of lead-glazed 

buff-colored earthenware with molded basket pattern (#1371). It is unusually coarse for creamware 

and may be a basal fragment from an unidentifiable tableware or the rim of a small teapot. It was 

recovered fiorn Trench 7-2, Stratum 3. 

Several lead-glazed, red earthenware f?agments were found in diierent contexts in the gate complex. 

These fragments are not diagnostic to any particular period although they are probably pre-twentieth 

century. In several separate locations, the ditch till yielded whitewares and American stonewares. The 

whitewares are consistent with a mid-nineteenth-century date. The American stoneware fragments 

share the characteristic Albany-slipped interior, and several may represent ginger beer bottles, common 

at Boston sites in the 1850s. 

Earlv Glass. Fragments of free-blown, green glass liquor bottles were found in the ditch fill near the 

gate complex. The majority of these were non-diagnostic body fragments except for a neck and a 

mendable base. The neck (#1267) has a tooled string-rim and is consistent in form with bottles t?om the 

1780s to the 1810s (Noel Hume 1980:68). It was found in Feature 12, the collapsed masonry t?om the 

wall lining the scarp. The two base fragments (#1228 and #1387) were recovered from Stratum 4 

(Trenches 3 and 7) close to the counterscarp side of the gate complex. These are consistent with a late 

eighteenth century or early nineteenth century date. 

Artifactual and Contextual Summary. Approximately 2% of the assemblage recovered at the gate 

came from feature proveniences that were part of the original fort construction and thus date to 1776 

(Table 3, boxed with 1776 date). It is important to point out that no military artifacts were found in 

these original, 1776 proveniences. These features include the builders trenches for the scarp abutment 

and for its buttressing wall, the Feature 9 posthole, the builders trench for the original drain, and the 

builders trench for the counterscarp abutment. Most (13) of these artifacts are unidentifiable ferrous 

objects, but there are also six food/container and two tixture/tool artifacts. Green bottle glass (five 

sherds) dominate the food/container group with three of these being freeblown. Two colorless glass 

fragments from a chimney lamp represent the tixture/tool group from the builders trenches on both 

sides of the ditch. 

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Plate II. Artifacts from the Gate and the Magazine. Top row: basketweave creamware, 1812 

coin (magazine), and spike. Middle: incomplete and indented musket balls. Bottom: I 

epaulet fragment (magazine). Artifacts are from the gate excavations unless noted. 

86 

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TABLE 3 

ARTIFACT GROUPS FROM THE GATE EXCAVATIONS 

Tr 3 Ext3-5,fill 20th c. 2 5 7 

S3.4,ditch 1852 24 2 5 2 4 37 

total 26 2 5 2 9 44 

Tr 4 cleaning mixed 31 4 2 1 1 2 41 

S3,4;F12 la52 22 4 1 7 34 

total 53 8 2 1 2 2 7 75 

Tr 5 FlO,disturbed 20th c. 11 6 17 

F6,9,15 1776 6 12 18 

Note 1 1776-1814 8 1 6 15 

total 25 1 24 50 

Tr 6 TrG,fill,Fl 8 20th c. 2 2 

TrG,S3,ditch 1852 5 1 23 29 

Tr6,F5;Tr4,F5 1776 1 1 1 31 

FJ.6027 1776-1814 1 11 12 

total 7 13 26 46 

TU6 s1,2 20th c. 579 32 5 3 9 21 28 677 

Totals fill 20th c.. 622 36 7 4 1 11 21 36 738 

lTr4-6 ditch 1052 27 4 0 0 1 1 0 30 63 

TU5) original 1776 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 13 21 

modified 1776-1814 9 1 0 0 0 11 0 6 27 

Totals 665 41 7 4 2 24 21 85 849 

Tr 7 disturbed 20th c. 5 5 

Note 2 1852 50 18 45 113 

F23,trench 1776 1 1 

Total 55 18 1 45 119 

GRAND TOTALS 

disturbed, fill 20th c. 628 36 7 4 1 11 21 41 749 

ditch 1052 101 24 0 0 6 3 0 79 213 

original fort 1776 7 0’0 0 0 2 0 13 22 

modified fort 1776-1814 9 1 0 0 0 12 0 6 28 

Total 745 61 7 4 7 28 21 139 1012 

Note 1: F16,13A,ll iFl,TU6).25,26 

Note 2: S3.4; F3,21,21 A ditch fill 

87 
Twenty-eight additional artifacts came from parts of the military contexts that have been dated to the 

1776-1814 period. Most of these are glass fragments that are either fragments t?om lamp chimneys or 

a variety of bottle glass (one, a freeblown sherd). Two sherds each of redware and whiteware were 

also found in these military contexts. A fair number of indeterminate ferrous objects were also found. 

Twenty-one percent of the artifacts from the gate excavations were recovered from the 1852 ditch fill. 

The single largest artifact group (50 objects Tom the food/container group) from the gate ditch come 

Eom the counterscarp side (Trench 7). Green, wine bottle glass dominated the food/container group 

with some sherds being blown in a mold and others being contact molded. An unusual piece of blown 

molded glass is blue, coming from Stratum 4 of Trench 7. Fiieen sherds of redware equally divided 

between plain and lead glazed as well as a single piece of creamware were found in Stratum 3. Ferrous 

objects dominated the indeterminate group. 

The ditch fill of Trench 3 (Stratum 3 particularly) contained a diversity of ceramics including 2-4 pieces 

each of whiteware, redware, and domestic stoneware. One piece of the latter with a metallic slip was 

also found in the same stratum the ditch fill of Trench 4. A cuprous key (3 in. long) was found in the 

ditch till of Trench 3. The majority of the objects from the ditch fill of Trench 6 are indeterminate 

ferrous pieces. 

All musket balls come from the scarp side. of the ditch fill. Two musket balls (.65 and .64 in. diameter) 

were also found in the colluvium, causing speculation that they had been shot into a rampart, and 

embedded there until erosion removed them from the rampart into the ditch colluvium. Alternatively 

they may have been inadvertently discarded into the ditch by garrison forces between 1776 and 1815. 

There is a diierence in the 1852 ditch tilh ceramics are rare on the scarp-side ditch till, but comprise a 

large percentage of the assemblage on the counterscarp side of the ditch. The counterscarp ceramics 

include redware (plain and lead glazed), a stoneware handle, and a basketweave creamware sherd. The 

creamware is clearly early, but the redware and stoneware are chronologically wide-ranging. The two 

scarp-side ceramics are domestic stoneware, one with a metallic slip. Additionally, the scarp side 

contains a greater diversity of materials, including fieeblown glass, shell, roofing/drainage capping 

slates that are not found on the counterscarp side. 

Comparing the artifacts just Tom colluvisl proveniences in the ditch, the counterscarp colluvium 

contains more artifacts (most of which may represent one broken blown molded green bottle) than the 

scarp colluvium. This may reflect erosion from directly above and from other areas of the west salient 

or beyond. It may also reflect discarding of trash materials by the garrison forces into the ditch as the 

colluvium was building. The colluvisl fill may date to either the Revolutionary or the War of 1812 

period; the artifact assemblages are not sufficiently sensitive indicators, mainly consisting of green 

bottle glass. 

The modifications for the gate system probably date to 18 14 because of the intrusive features. First, 

there is evidence that the drain (Feature 14) dates to 1776 because it is structurally integral to the 

masonry component of the gate system depicted on the Gridley 1776 map. This drain had to be 

maintained during the time that the fort was garrisoned in the Revolutionary War. It is likely that the 

drain would have filled with sediment following the abandonment of the fort after the Revolution. 

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Later, Features 16 and 26 severed the filled drain, implying that an alternate drainage system for the 

parade ground had been developed. This alternate drainage system may have included Feature 1 in Test 

Unit 6. These features are consistent with the rehabiiitation of the fort in iSi4, nearly 40 years tier it 

was origjndy built. 

Summary 

The 1995 excavations led to the discovery of four elements of the entrance to the fort--the ditch, the 

bridge abutments, the drain, and the gate supports. The gate area is located on the south-facing portion 

of the western salient, generally consistent with Gridley’s (1776) plan. The concentration of masonry 

and wooden features is consistent with the combined uses of a bridge and gate for vehicle and foot 

traEc. This section summarizes the findings of each of those four elements of the fort. 

The ditch that was discovered in the 1994 excavations continued without intenuption through the 

entrance to the fort. At the gate, the ditch was 9 ft. wide (a foot narrower than in other places) and its 

floor was at 139 ft. (similar to most other places). The ditch floor was earthen and was first covered 

with colluvium that was subsequently covered with loam Nl. The cross-sectional shape of the floor 

was probably horizontal. 

At the gate, the vertical sides of the ditch were formed by abutments for the bridge that crossed the 

ditch. The counterscarp abutment was built of Roxbury conglomerate and unidentified fieldstone in 

approximately equal portions. The ditch-facing surface of the counterscarp was dressed and faced. 

These blocks were transported at least two miles to the site, judging from a geologic map of bedrock 

surrounding Boston (Kaye 1976: 4). The width of the counterscarp abutment probably matches the 

scarp side, almost 15 fi. Approximately 1.5-3 ft. of the height of the counterscarp abutment remained 

below ground in 1995. The abutments begin at the ditch floor elevation of 139 ft. and may have been 

as tall as 11 ft., possibly extending vertically to the projected parade ground elevation of 150 ft. The 

gated entrance led directly to the parade ground. Buttressing walls were not seen on the counterscarp. 

The scarp abutment was built mostly (perhaps 75%) of dressed and faced Roxbury conglomerate 

(occasionally mortared) and was buttressed at its western end by a supporting wing wall. The 

buttressing wall of the scarp abutment was built in the same style and composition, as the counterscarp 

abutment (perhaps halfwas Roxbury conglomerate). The buttress had been truncated historically to 6.5 

fit. in length. Concerning the scarp abutment itself, 3-4 A. of its height remained at the time of the 1995 

excavations. The abutment on the scarp side is projected to be 14.7 ft. wide across the top. The width 

of both abutments could not be determined because the eastern ends could not be defined. Both 

abutments were truncated by grading for Thomas Park. The abutments were an average of 2 A. thick 

although the comers were slightly thicker and the center was slightly thinner. The scarp abutment had a 

slight convexity, projecting into the ditch at its horizontal center near the drain. 

The curvature of the scarp abutment is probably original since it is curved generally symmetrically &om 

east to west. Soil and hydraulic pressure on the scarp side would not have been factors since they were 

alleviated somewhat by the drain system. Soil and hydraulic pressure is a more likely explanation for 

the slightly irregular outline of the counterscarp abutment which was not buttressed. The fill within the 

builders trench (Feature 5) was contoured to provide a masonry scarp that was flush with the earthen 

89 
scarp. This was probably done to better accommodate the hypothesized retractable bridge that 

spanned the ditch. 

The dram was located at the base of the wall and served to empty surface water from the parade and 

ground water from the ramparts. The drain was made of large slates, shaped and beveled as capping 

stone and base stones, and bricks. The outlet of the drain in the scarp wall was probably the equivalent 

of one brick height, although behind the wall, 3 courses of brick were encountered. The tinal length of 

the drain (essentially inside the builders trench for the scarp abutment) pitched radically toward the 

ditch dropping 1.5 ft. drop over its tinal 5 ft. length before entering the ditch. The presence of colluviai 

deposits at the base of the scarp including musket balls and collapsed wall fall from the scarp itself 

suggests rapid erosion by water draining t?om the parade ground. The northern parade ground end of 

the drain was disturbed by historic trenches that were part of improvementso the gate system. 

The gate entrance system was improved sometime after the fort’s original construction in 1776. 

Overall, three improvement trenches, two of them containing wooden horizontal planks, intersected 

the original 1776 drain. One improvement was a wooden plank that was laid down horizontally like a 

sill or threshold and was part of the gate support. The plank may have served as the horizontal anchor 

while other vertical posts that were aligned with the planks may have served as vertical supports, or 

jambs, for the gate doors. This plank was laid on small river cobbles in an east-west builders trench 

(Features 16 and 19) which cut into the original 1776 drain, running north-south. When this 

improvement was made the drain no longer functioned to empty the parade of surface water; the rockfilled pit (Feature 11 in Trenches 5 and 6) may have served to collect surface water from the parade 

ground. This pit may have been part of the gate system since it also contained avertical post. Another 

horizontal plank north of the Feature 16/19 (toward the parade ground) complex may represent 

another horizontal member of the gate anchor system. The second plank lying in a trench also was 

aligned with another vertical post. These parts of the gate system are reminiscent of the supports 

portrayed at Fort Stanwix--a large wooden frame with a sill 1.5 A. wide resting on subsoil (Hanson and 

Hsu 1975: 40). 

This interpretation of the gate system relates to improvements to the fort, probably in 1814. 

Unfortunately archeological information concerning the gate system of the original May 1776 fort has 

been lost because of the later modifications. A logical “best-guess” isthat the original gate system was 

similar to the modiied version--wooden frame with sills. The original abutments were in place in May 

1776 and were crossed probably by the same kind of primitive, retractable bridge as hypothesized for 

the later modifications. 

Archeological evidence Tom the gate area suggests possible removal of the scarp’s building stone 

following its abandonment after 1814. There are quite a few dressed and faced stones missing from the 

scat-p abutment, and there is also much less wall fall on the scar-p compared to the counterscarp. The 

large amount of wall fall on the counterscarp suggests that these untinished building stones were 

pushed into the ditch rather than being salvaged for re-use. 

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CHAPTER 8 

THE MAGAZINE EXCAVATIONS 

Two parallel masonry and brick stone walls were discovered during monitoring of utility construction 

and subsequent archeological trenching (Units A and B) in the fti 1995. To identify this feature, nine 

additional 5 ft.-square excavations (Units C-E, G-I, and K-M) were opened in April-May, 1996. 

Backhoe clearing removed the overlying Park deposits so that the masonry structure could be exposed. 

The parallel walls were identified as the foundation walls of the powder magazine. Half of the rubble 

till between the walls was excavated (Units C-E) while the remaining rubble till (ii Units G-I) was lefi 

in place for future exploration. The excavations also uncovered floor supports and a drain in the 

foundation. Following the 1996 excavation, the magazine foundation was covered with construction 

sand and major utilities routed around it. The manual excavation in the 5 A. square units followed the 

general procedures described in Chapter 5. Details of the excavations and the results are presented in 

this chapter. 

The Foundation-Units A-E, G-1, and K-M 

Units A and B. Fragments of mortared stone and brick (#1450-l) were uncovered at a location north 

of the 1901 Peabody and Stearns monument during monitoring of utility construction. Subsequent 

cleaning indicated that these fragments were part of a mortared stone wall extending in a north -south 

direction (Feature 33, Figure 8.1). Excavation in the utility construction pit exposed the eastern edge of 

the wall. Consequently, an east - west, backhoe trench was excavated through park landscape fill along 

a proposed utility corridor to document the width of the feature. AfIer cleaning the trench, borings 

were made with a l-inch soil core to determine the western extent of the feature. These borings 

indicated that the feature was approximately 10 feet wide. 

The trench was divided into two S-foot segments for excavation in 1995. The eastern portion of the 

trench was designated Unit A, while the western portion was designated Unit B. Manual excavation 

began in Stratum 3, a park fill deposit, which was removed to reveal the interior face of the eastern 

foundation which was designated Feature 33. Another parallel mortared stone wall (Feature 35) was 

encountered approximately 5 feet to the west (Figure 8.2, Plate IV). One feature (Feature 32) was 

observed within the park-related deposits of Stratum 3. It was a small ovoid hole filled with sandy 

orange till in the eastern end of Unit A lacking any artifacts. 

The area between Features 33 and 35 was filled with rubble composed predominantly of brick, mortar, 

and loam (identified as Feature 3 1, Stratum 1 in the 1995 excavations). This rubble was sudivided into 

three inch arbitrary levels, and all of the mortar, brick, shell iiagments and artifacts were collected and 

cataloged. Feature 31, Stratum 2 in Unit B was a deposit of similar composition but did not 

91 
Un: 

Unit M 

a Subsoil 

Stone 

Mortar 

Trench fill for gasline 

Brick 

Rubble text 

q Construction trench 

ett :D 

Figure 8. I. Magazine Foundation. The drain exiting through the magazine’s foundation wall (below 

F40) and the floor supports are shown. The section drawings can be located on this plan 

wew. 

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Feature 34 

10 YR 3/2 Loam q Brick, Slate, and Soil Fill 

Loam 

Loam Subsoil 

Figure 8.2. Profile H - I of the Magazine Foundation. This profile shows the outline of the large floor support that extends between 

the eastern (F33) and western (F35) exterior foundation walls. 
Plate IV. The Magazine After Excavation. 

connecting floor supports. 

The long exterior foundations are shown with the 

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contain mortar. White pine wood chips (Pinus strobus, #1465,1478) were found at the bottom of the 

tillinbothUnitsAandB. 

Units C. D. and E. The 1995 excavations did not lead to an identification of the function of the 

mortared stone walls. Possible functions included their use in a latrine, magazine, barracks, gun 

emplacement, bakery, fireplace, or hotshot furnace. As a result of this ambiguity after the 1995 season, 

a large area was opened up for excavation in the spring of 1996. A backhoe was brought in to clear 

away the park-related deposits and expose a 10 by 20 foot excavation area. For excavation purposes 

this was gridded into eight, 5 by 5-foot units which were sequentially lettered C-J (Figure 8.1). Units F 

and J were located beyond the powder magazine and were never excavated. 

The rubble fill in units C, D, and E was completely removed, and subsoil was exposed at the base of 

Features 33 and 34. The rubble fill (designated as Feature 38, Stratum 4, in Unit C and as Feature 39, 

Stratum 4 in Units D and E; Figure 8.3, Plates N, V) in addition to brick with mortar (#1534, 1544) 

and soil contained fragments of a redware jug (#1522-3,1532,1546-8,1550,1566), a redware crock 

(#1432,1519,1521-2,1549,1581), several green wine glass bottle fragments (#1526,1538-9,1586-S), 

and three iron spikes (#1551-3). Arbitrary excavation levels could not be maintained due to the rubble 

density. Whole bricks and mortar samples were collected. At the very bottom of the rubble lill, small 

wood chips of white pine (Pinus strobus, (#1545) were observed in Units C and D just as they had 

been in Units A and B. An 1812 one-cent piece was found in Unit D at the very bottom of the lill at 

elevation 143.76 ft. 

Units G. K and I. The park fill (Stratum 3) was completely removed in units G, H and I to expose the 

rubble till and the western foundation which was labeled Feature 35. The rubble fill was, however, not 

excavated in Units G, H and I. This excavation strategy allowed us to excavate half of the structure to 

gain dimensional and constructional data while still preserving a portion for future exploration. The 

western foundation and an interior floor support partition were exposed in these three units. The profile 

ofUnits G-I is showninFigure 8.3. 

Units K L. and M. Unit K was excavated to see whether the mortared stone walls (Features 33 and 

35) continued to the south under the proposed sidewalk. A large block of concrete was found to 

encase electrical wiring along the edge of the pre-1996 sidewalk. The concrete had been poured on top 

of the large asblar block (which was probably the southeast comer of the structure) and on top of the 

brick and capstone of the Feature 37 drain, There was no evidence that the magazine structure 

continued south of Unit K. However, the drain continued to the south as described in the next section. 

Unit L was manually excavated to determine the eastern extent of the foundation. Only a concreteencased gasliie was found. Unit M, a backhoe test, contained only subsoil and modern, dense grade 

gravel laid down for the sidewalk presently under construction. The southern limits of the foundation 

had been determined. 

Summary. The two parallel mortared stone walls (Features 33 and 35) were each approximately 2.5 

feet wide and at least 13 feet long. These stone walls had been constructed in builders trenches 

excavated into the subsoil, but only a portion of one builder’s trench was preserved in Unit L. The 

95 
7.5 YR 312 Loam 

Brick and Mortar Fill concrete Subsoil 

Dense Grade Construction Gravel p!pJ IOYR 4/4 Redeposited Subsoil cl Brick 

Ygure 8.3. Profile F-A of the Magazine Foundation. This drawing shows the drain inside and outside of the south foundation and t\vo 

supports (in F39, Stratur 4) for the floor of the magazine. 
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Plate V. Floor Supports and Drains of the Magazine. The east foundation (left) is shown bonded 

with the southern floor support (middle ground) and the exit drain with modem utility 

disturbance (background). Part of the central floor support is shown (foreground). 

97 
northern limit of the foundation may be represented by several disturbed, unmortared fieldstones that 

were embedded in the subsoil at the northern extremity of the structure. A large ashlar was observed in 

Unit K at the southern end of the eastern foundation and probably was the southeastern cornerstone of 

the foundation. However, much of the area that contains the southern wall was not unexcavated, 

buried beneath modem utilities. Such disturbances tothe foundations prevented a determination of 

their exact length and height; the highest in situ foundation stone was 1 ft. above the base. Much of 

the stone f?om the foundation had been salvaged. 

Drainage and Support Partitions-Features 34 and 37; Units D and K 

Four parts of the drainage system and four possible floor supports of the buildiig were discovered 

during excavation. In Units A and B, excavation of the rubble fill revealed a brick and slate wall 

(Feature 34, the central partition), oriented east-west and connecting the parallel foundations (Features 

33 and 35). Feature 34 contained a drain capped by a slate lintel. Slate fragments representing both 

demolition and shaping of the slate were found throughouthe rubble fill. 

Feature 37, located along the common border of Units C and K, is probably a well-preserved segment 

of the southern foundation wall. The east-westending support connected the two main parallel 

foundations and also contained elements of an original brick and slate drain (Plate V, under photograph 

board). The feature was composed of several courses of bricks with a capstone topping three courses 

of the centrally located bricks. A void where water would have flowed was contained in between the 

slate base and the capstone. 

In Unit D, several courses of bricks and two large boulders were partially preserved. These possible 

drapartitions were built in a style somewhat similar to Feature 34. The elevations of the subsoil floor 

indicate that the water within the structure would have drained to the south through the southeast 

comer of the magazine toward the center of the parade ground. 

In Unit K, beyond the southern border of the eastern foundation wall, a slate and brick drain extended 

underground from the south end of the structure in the direction of the parade ground drain outlet 

discovered in 1995 at the gate (foreground of Plate V). Parts of this brick and slate drain had been 

disturbed and removed, probably in the mid-19th century when the park was constructed. This 

conclusion is based on the recovery of two basal sherds (#1581-2) Tom a mid-nineteenth century 

stoneware beer bottle found in the disturbed area of the drain. 

Summary. Three examples of drains that are part of support partitions were encountereduring the 

excavations. The drains are located along the eastern edge of the space inside the foundation. They 

carried water in a southerly direction inside the powder magazine. The water exited the foundation 

through a fourth drain, pointing toward the main gate entrance and outside of the southern foundation. 

The most northern drain (Unit D) was built of boulders and bricks, while the others were made of slate 

and bricks, matching the style of the drain in the gate entrance. Most brick drains are three courses 

high. 

Each wall probably supported part of the magazine floor, judging &om the nearly equal spacing 

between the walls. The Feature 37 drain was part of a supporting wall that was seven courses high, 

measuring 1.6 ft. tall (Figure 8.4). 

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Dense Grade Construction Gravel Brick and Mortar Rubble Fill 

- 

7.5 YR 312 Loam Subsoil 

Redeposited Subsoil with Loam stone 

Figure 8.4. Protilc E-D of the Magazine Foundation. The lnain drain, F37, of the magazine is shown here cutting thr-ough the zol~tji 

foundation wall with the cxtcrior walls (F33 & F35) shown in profile. 
The Artifact Collection 

During the 1995 season a significant amount of brick, mortar, and shell fragments were recovered and 

catalogued because of the ambiguity of the function of the feature. During the 1996 season ody 

ceramics, metals, glass, organ@ whole bricks, and shell&h remains were recovered. The following 

section summarizes many of the artifacts that were found within the deposits associated with the 

construction and abandonment of the magazine. The complete catalog of artifacts may be found in 

Appendix B. 

Ceramics. Fragments from at least three different ceramic vessels were recovered. These include a 

lead-glazed, red earthenware jug and crock and a stoneware bottle, Slightly more than a hundred 

fragments were recovered from a lead-glazed redware jug, Several elements were found which allow 

its identification as a jug including basal sherds exhibiting an everted carination, three body sherds with 

the nubs of a handle or multiple handles, and two rim fragments without any evidence of a handle 

attachment. Figure 8.5 shows a reconstruction based on only one side. Most of the vessel was glazed 

on both sides, but there were patches where the vessel was not glazed. The glaze ranged in color f?om 

a honey color to a mottled honey and pale brown No restoration work was done on the vessel, but it is 

possible that much of the vessel could be reconstructed. Similar jugs were produced by Masssachusetts 

Bay potters from the late 17th century until the iate 19th century and no specific date could be assigned 

to this vessel. 

About ten fragments of a lead-glazed earthenware crock were also discovered. Most of the fragments 

did not articulate, but several basal sherds and a rim sherd with a handle attachment and a body sherd 

with a handle attachment were discovered which allowed a partial profile reconstruction; the exact 

height of the vessel is unknown. The vessel was completely glazed on the interior and partially on the 

exterior with a distinctive dark brown glaze that could easily be distinguished Tom the redware 

fragments of the above-described, earthenware jug. 

Two basal sherds of a domestic stoneware bottle were discovered in the brick-and-slate drain of Unit K 

(Figure 8.5). The exterior of the stoneware vessel was tan in color and exhibited a dark brown Albany 

slip on the interior. Several sherds of this type of vessel were also found in the ditch fill of Test Unit 5. 

This bottle form was commonly used as a container for ginger beer; it can be dated to the middle of the 

19th century and is consistent with the early 1850s construction of Thomas Park. It is possible that the 

disturbance ofthe slate and brick drain occurred in that time period. 

Metal. Several different metal artifacts were recovered during the excavation of the magazine 

including three spikes, a one-cent piece, and fragments of an epaulet. The three iron spikes, less than 8 

in. long, appeared to be hand wrought but no definitive determination could be made by observation 

alone. One spike was conserved chemically to prevent further corrosion. 

The one-cent piece, dated 1812, contains on the obverse the face of a woman with the word 

“LIBERTY” on her headband and 13 stars around the edge and on the reverse, “ONE CENT” 

surrounded by a laurel wreath and “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” around the edge of the coin 

(Plate III). It was made out of copper with just over a million minted in 1812. No conservation was 

recommended. 

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Figure 8.5. Reconstructed Vessels. Upper right: stoneware ginger bottle. Lower left: freeblown 

wine bottles. The large illustrations show a lead-glazed redware crock and jug. 

Scale 2:1. 

101 
Fragments of an epaulet (Plate III, #1586) were recovered &om the mortar on top of one brick-andslate drain (Feature 37). The fragments were in poor condition but were composed of cloth and metal 

wire braids. The wet fragments were separated from the dry fragments and the wet fragments were 

retigerated to slow bacterial damage to the f?agments until conservation was done. 

Glass. About a hundred fragments &om wine bottles were found. All of the green wine bottle 

fragments were freeblown, especially since many of the f?agments seem to fit into one freeblown bottle 

in which the base has been reconstructed. This reconstructed base seems to date to post-1800, and is 

similar to the basal kagment from another bottle (Figure SS), thought to date to approximately the 

same period. These artifacts in conjunction with the coin, seem to indicate that the magazine 

foundation was filled with rubble after 18 12. 

Artifactual and Contextual Summaq. The two historic contexts of original fort construction (May 

1776) and offort rehabiliatation (1776-1814) yielded only 4 artifacts. These are 2 domestic stoneware 

sherds, a lead-glazed redware sherd, and a glass bottle sherd, all of which come f?om inside the outlet 

drain (Feature 41) south of the powder house. 

The majority of artifacts (n=286, or 85%) come from the time period between the end of the War of 

1812 (Table 4) and the beginning of grading Thomas Park in 1852. Of these 286 artifacts, 208 (or 

73%) are Tom the food/container group, and most come from the intramural rubble i?ll of Units C and 

D. This percentage of 73% is close to the range of the usual portion (67 to 70%) coming Tom the 

food/container group for most of the other excavations, The bulk of these is !?om one partially 

reconstructable, lead glazed, redware vessel. In addition, Unit C contained avery high density of glass, 

notably freeblown glass, but also other glass body sherds of indeterminate manufacturing style, Two 

pipestems (4/64 bore) were found in the same rubble fill of Unit C. This period assemblage is rather 

typical of the site assemblage in that clothing/personal and military groups are absent. Contexts from 

the last time period, post-1850, contain only 36 artifacts. Albeit a small sample, there is a large number 

of building materials compared to the food/container group. 

Summary 

The magazine, probably a powder magazine, was built as an integral part of the May 1776 star fort 

designed by Colonel Richard Gridley. It is likely that the magazine was rebuilt, modified, or demolished 

during the War of 1812. Evidence supporting this interpretation includes the structure’s location, its 

type of construction, and its associated artifacts. 

The location of the foundation relative to Gridley’s (1776) drawing supports its use as a powder 

magazine. Itwas located at least partially under the cannon platform of the north salient and aligned 

centrally along the salient’s main axis between the ramparts and the barracks building depicted in the 

Gridley plan. The barracks building was set off-center from the axis to allow access between the 

magazine, the parade ground, and other gun platforms. The magazine was probably built during the 

original May 1776 fort construction; the masonry style of construction and the brick-and-slate drains 

are similar to the May 1776 gate abutments and drain. The magazine itself is not depicted in the Gridley 

plan because it was subterranean and because it was located under the cannon platform Also, k is 

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1 TABLE 4 

ART!FACT GROUPS FROM THE MAGAZ!NE EXCAVAT!ONS 

E 

G 

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“One 

F31 

F32postS3 

totals 

totals 

F 34 drain 

F 38,39,S4 

totals 

F39, S 4 

F 39, S 4 

s 314 

F 39,s 4 

F 39, S 4 

F 41-drain 

surface 

1814-1852 

post-l 852 

1814-1852 

post-l 852 

1776-1814 

1814-l 852 

1814-1852 

1814-1852 

mixed 

1814-1852 

1814-1852 

1776 

undated 

20 5 2 27 

9 9 1 19 

31 14 1 4 50 

5 

12 

17 

5 

4 

9 

3 13 

1 17 

30 

80 

80 

90 

2 

3 

4 

0 

2 2 14 108 

2 2 14 108 

2 16 121 

1 2 5 

7 

4 

1 4 

5 

7 

4 

1 1 

Grand Totals 1776 4 4 

1776-l 814 0 

1814-1852 208 34 2 5 37 286 

post-1852 21 13 1 1 36 

mixed 5 1 3 9 

Totals 238 47 3 6 41 335 

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expected that details of structures of particular strategic importance may have been simpliied or 

eliminated in the event that the plan fell into enemy hands. 

The structure’s construction supports its original use as a magazine. It is a small, subterranean chamber 

with substantial walls. The internal partitions in the foundation would have buttressed the exterior 

walls, in addition to supporting wooden flooring. A brick-vaulted superstructure probably rested on the 

stone foundation. Drainage was provided by a brick-and -slate (or boulder) drains built into each 

partition and an exterior drain extending in the direction of the fort gate. Proper drainage was a 

concern, particularly for the storage of powder. 

Artifacts recovered Corn the structure support a construction date during the period ca. 1770-1815. 

Artiiacts f?om the feature including lead-glazed red earthenware and bottle glass recovered t?om the 

structure’s demolition debris are probably associated with either the construction, modification or 

demolition of the structure. The 1812 coin found on the structure’s floor supports the conjecture that 

each of these activities could have dated as late as the War of 1812. For reasons explained above, 

however, it is most likely that the structure was built in 1776 and modiied or rebuilt in 1814. It is 

likely that the structure was already demolished and that the building components were salvaged before 

park construction began in the early 1850s. 

104 
CHAPTER 9 

RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 

The recommendations and conclusions based on the analyses of historical documents, excavation 

Endings, and comparative materials are summarized in this chapter. In the conclusions, chronological 

interpretations are presented first, followed by military and engineering considerations. 

In this section, the significance of the excavated and potential archeological resources is discussed, 

followed by management and interpretive recommendations. 

Significance. The information recovered during this project contributes to the already-established 

archeological significance of Thomas Park. As stated on the first page of this report, the landscape 

architects determined, prior to any archeological research, that the archeological resources of the 1776- 

1814 period are significant at the local level. That determination is supported and refined as a result of 

the background, field, and laboratory studies described in this report. The archeological resources are 

considered potentially significant at the national level under criteria a) and d) of the National Register 

of Historic Places. 

Under criterion a), “associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad 

patterns of our history,” the March 4-5, 1776, fortification of Dorchester Heights contributed to the 

British abandonment of the 1 l-month Siege of Boston, representing the first colonial victory of the 

American War of Independence. The American Revolution and the first colonial victory are significant 

events and broad patterns of our history Buried remains of that first fortification have only been 

partially searched for, and certainly not discovered, to date. Although the first fortification fascines 

were above ground, artifact remains and landscape traces (e.g., haul roads) may still possibly exist 

along the perimeter of the NPS-owned terrain on Dorchester Heights. Dorchester Heights as a 

historical place with no known archeological resources of the March 4-5, 1776, period, qualifies as 

potentially eligible under this historical criterion a) for the March 4-5, 1777, fortification. 

Under criterion d), the May 1776 star fort that is the primary focus of this report is considered 

significant at the national level because it has “yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important 

in prehistoty or history.” The star fort is unique in the Boston area; no other Revolutionary earthworks 

in the Boston basin are preserved. In some places, other Boston earthworks (the original fort 

Independence) have been replaced by Second and Third System masonry forts, destroying the earlier 

Revolutionary earthworks. In most areas, nineteenth century development, especially hilltop leveling 

to fill and reclaim coastal marshes, has destroyed the fortifications that formerly sat on prominences. 

The discovery of the earthen ditch together with a masonry gate (with drainage system) and the 

masonry magazine foundation represent a unique combination that is very rare across the entire United 

States. Because of its coastal location overlooking Boston Harbor, the star fort was probably 

improved again in 1780 and definitely improved in 1814 for the War of 1812. Along with nearby Fort 

105 

I 
Independence, the star fort successfully deterred the British Tom again attacking Boston during either 

war with England. 

Manapement Recommendations. In the short term repair and maintenance activities of the electrical 

and water systems may result in the disturbance of sign&ant features of the fortifications. An 

archeologist should review plans for such day-labor projects and also monitor those maintenance 

activities. 

In the long term, future construction projects and new utility installations should avoid the areas of the 

ditch and of both the gate entrance (including its drainage system and masonry bridge abutments) and 

the masonry magazine foundation. Additional areas of the ditch still exist and are preserved beneath 

the 199%graded surface of Dorchester Heights, particularly on the northwestern, western, and 

southern portions of the star fort. The masonry elements have been covered with clean fill sand for 

ease of finme identification. Avoiding those areas during future construction planning should preserve 

these three features--the ditch the gate with drainage system and bridge abutments, and the magazine 

foundation. 

Well-designed archeological excavations should precede any future construction that penetrates 3-7 ft. 

below the 1998 grade. This depth is necessary for two reasons: 1) to merely encounter the tops of the 

fort features (ditch, gate, etc) that were found 2 fi. below the old, 1995 grade and 2) to penetrate the 

1997 fill that was sometimes 5 ft. deep over the 1995 grade. This testing is necessary to discover the 

historically documented barracks and the possible hotshot furnace and additional magazines that are 

typical ofRevolutionary fortifications. Future testing may also yield evidence of the original March 4- 

5, 1776, fortifications. Evaluative excavations may have to be 12 ft. deep because some features extend 

5 fi. deeper than their tops. 

lnteruretive Recommendations. Concerning visitor use, it is recommended that the excavated features 

of Gridley’s star fort be interpreted to the public in situ. It is argued that both of Gridley’s forts 

constructed in 1776 on Dorchester Heights are of potential interest to the American public as well to 

foreign visitors. The magazine, gate, and extended segments of the fort ditch are located in grass areas. 

Park planners are encouraged to explore the use of different types of surface treatments, e.g., a narrow 

brick paving or a concrete curb-like line, to delineate these fort features. The delineation (brick or 

concrete) should be flush with the ground surface to allow lawn mowers to pass over it. A pamphlet 

should be prepared for self-guided tours, which identifies the components of the fortifications. 

Furthermore, it is recommended that any future interpretive display within the monument should be 

topographically realistic for the Revolutionary period. This would give the visitor a sense of the height 

and vision when the star fort was garrisoned during the War of Independence. One suggestion 

presented in Krent/Paffett’s (1994) integrated interpretive system was to portray a militiaman with 

musket at the shoulder ready to fire. The archeological recommendation is to place this militia 

realistically on either the parade ground level or on the top of the ramparts. The elevation of the 

parade ground was very close to 150.2 fi. and the top of the ramparts is estimated at 157-a. elevation 

(Boston base, Mueller 1993a). 

106 
Chronological Conclusions 

March 1776. The tirst fortification of the Dorchester drumlin during the British siege of Boston 

consisted of chandeliers, portable, breast-high constructions of tree branches supported by X-shaped 

supports. The chandeliers were above-ground, and there were no dug-in entrenchments because of the 

frozen ground, On the basis of historical sketches, it is hypothesized that the line of chandeliers was 

located downslope fiorn the summit of the glacial drumlin and below the present Tiiomas Park Circie. 

The above-ground chandeliers may have been left in place for added protection after the May 1776 star 

fort was constructed, The location of the chandeliers has probably been lost to street and house 

construction in the mid-1800s. Evidence of the haul road for transporting chandeliers and cannon may 

still exist at Thomas Park. 

Mav 1776. The six-pointed star fort was constructed geometricalIy, reflecting the geometry the late 

eighteenth-century warfare. Sometime &er the ground had thawed probably in April 1776, 

construction of the star fort was initiated by staking out a large hexagonal star on the top of the 

drumlin. The fort was “thrown up” by piling dii removed Tom the lower ditch to form the higher 

rampart, Near the south reentrant angle of the western salient, a rectangular hole with builders 

trenches for the bridge abutments, the scarp buttress wall, the buried drain, and frame support for the 

gate doors was excavated. Another rectangular hole for the magazine and its foundation was dug 

inside the rampart of the north salient; this excavation was generally 5 fl. above the excavated floor of 

the ditch. The stone abutments and dram were constructed in their builders’ trenches. The slate for 

the dram was probably shaped and beveled on Dorchester Heights. Other unknown features of the fort 

and the barracks building were also built. The slope surfaces of the ramparts and ditches were planted 

or covered with sod to prevent erosion. 

A total of 26 artifacts come from the sii contexts that date to the original 1776 construction of the fort 

and most of these are indeterminate ferrous objects f?om the gate complex. The 11 food/container 

artifacts are dominated by fieeblown green glass sherds but also include domestic stoneware and leadglazed redware. Surprisingly, two glass lamp chimney fragments from the fixture/tool group were 

found in the May 1776 contexts. Unfortunately, there are no military artifacts from these May 1776 

contexts. 

A total of 27 artifacts from the eight military contexts dating to the post-May 1776 to 1814 period 

were recovered from the gate complex, but none from the magazine nor from any other excavations. 

The food/container and the fixture/tool groups make up the majority of this assemblage. The former 

group is represented by whiteware sherds and miscellaneous varieties of glass bottle sherds, including 

freeblown and green glass sherds. The fixture/tool group is dominated by glass lamp chimney 

fragments. 

Seutember-October 1814. Visiting military officials report that a new powder magazine was built, 

perhaps an the location of the 1776 magazine, and cannon platform were rehabilitated by church 

volunteers as protection during the War of 1812. The support mechanism for the gate was probably 

strengthened at this time. The ditch outside the south salient may have been deepened at this time by 3- 

4 ft. The remainder ofthe ditch may have been cleaned of accumulated colluviuq but it was probably 

107 
not deepened at this time. The parade ground has been interpreted to be at 150-e. elevation, 

approximately 10 ft. above the level of the original ditch floor. 

185Os-1870s. In European literature, the arts of military fortifications and of landscape planning bore a 

common intellectual history that began in the seventeenth century (Scully 1991: 277). Both earthmoving arts produced physical symbols of order and rationality in the physical world. The midnineteenth century conversion of the military site of Dorchester Heights into a recreational park is not 

surprisiig. It is no wonder that the salient angles of the May 1776 star fort are generally aligned with 

the radial walkways of Thomas/Linden Park of the 1870s. During these early park improvements, the 

more fished building stones on the scarp abutment were salvaged for re-use when the grading was 

done. By contrast, the less finished building stones on the counterscarp were pushed into the ditch. 

Military and Engineering Conclusions 

The Gridley drawing shows a perfect hexagonal star fort with salient angles of 60 degrees and reentrant 

angles of 120 degrees. This drawing is interpreted as an objet d’urr, expressing ideals, rather than as a 

historically accurate, as-built drawing. The 1847 survey outline shows that the remaining five reentrant 

angles were within five degrees of the 120 degree ideal. The 1847 plan shows the width at the top of 

the ditch also to vary by as much as 26% from salient to salient. The excavateditch floor was 10 ft. 

wide with only minor variations. Each of the investigated parts of the fort is discussed in this section in 

the order of excavation used throughout this report. 

The Ditch and Drainas. Siegecraft theory dictated that the ideal ditch was 7-10 feet deep, 9-24 feet 

wide at the top and 2-11 feet wide at the bottom--Greene’s (1976: 290) summary of Smith (1779) and 

Muller (1799). From a military standpoint, the ditch served as a physical impediment to besieging 

forces; the slopes of the ditch were as steep as possible to impede attackers. The ditch also served to 

remove the hand fighting from the ramparts and push it further away from the fort (just as the g&is 

did). The military reason for this is stated by Vauban (1968: 65) who wrote: 

“Of all the obstacles that the necessity of defense has invented to resist 

the besiegers attack, Iknow of nothing more difficult to surmounthan 

the outer edge of the ditch--the counterscarp you lose three times 

as many people in taking counterscarp as you do from then until the 

fmal reduction of the place.” 

The siie of the ditch was partially determined by the size of the ramparts as protection against cannon 

shot. Lochee wrote “Experience proves that when the parapet is 3 or 4 feet broad at the top, it can 

resist a three-pounder (cannon shot]; when 4 or 5 feet, a six-pounder, and when 7 feet, a lZpounder..” 

(quoted in Greene 1976: 28). These artillery measurements must be tempered somewhat, as Rothrock 

(1968: 6) notes for musketry: 

“Ballistics was apparently a favorite hobby of many seventeenthcentury Cartesians, but their tables of ranges and elevations readily 

create confusion. In theory it was possible to calculate the range of a 

gun at various elevations, but in practice it was not. [because]. 

108 
With the ball thus free to bounce and rattle its way down the barrel 

when tied [windage], accuracy was impossible at anything beyond 

point-biank range, <bout two hundred yards.” 

The dii removed corn the void that formed the ditch was “thrown up” on the ground surface to build 

the above-ground ramparts. In this way, protection from cannon was a factor in determining the 

dimensions and shape of the ditch. 

Beside these obvious military functions of the ditch, it also served to drain ground water, to collect 

surface water, and to relieve subsurface hydraulic pressure (Rutsch 1974: 7 and Stokinger and Moran 

1978: 8-38). The importance ofthe ditch’s drainage fimction is as follows (Muller 1764: 168): 

“When the foundation of the body of the place are laid, the first thing to 

be done is, openings for the common sewers in proper places, to carry 

off the filth and rain water of the streets; and it must be particularly 

observed to give them a proper descent, from the center of the place 

towards the ditch, that the water may carry off the mud, otherwise they 

will soon choke up, and require continual cleaning .‘I 

Water drained directly into the ditch from the drain outlet found at the very base of the scarp abutment. 

As added protection, the drain was located near the erosion-resistant masonry abutments that were 

probably the only non-earthen features in the entire ditch. This masonry protection was necessary 

because at nearby Fort Independence, Stokinger and Moran (1978: S-22) note that “In heavy rains, a 

sizable volume of surface water flows down the gateway ramp.“ The water splayed across the 

horizontal ditch and excesses may have collected in the ameffe on the counterscarp side of the ditch 

floor. The steps found in several ditches may have been used by soldiers to avoid the mud and water in 

the ditches. Water collected and stayed in the ditches because of the percolation-resistant, compacted 

soils of the glacial drumlin. 

Comparatively, simple, Dorchester-like drains were also found in the center of the gated entry at Fort 

Frederica (Manucy 1959: Figs. 36 and 39) and along the east edge ofthe gate at Fort Stanwix (Hanson 

and Hsu 1975:41). At Fort Independence (Third American System, 40-90 years after Dorchester), 

archeological excavation revealed a complex multi-facetted, flexible network of facilities that drained 

surface water and ground water from the parapet and parade levels into the ditch and beyond the fort. 

One surprising element is that the stone beds for curbs and walks also served to provide “French 

drainage” (Stokinger and Moran 1978: 8-l through 40). 

Parade Ground. Based on historical documents, the elevation of the parade grounds at the Dorchester 

star fort is estimated to be approximately 150.2 fit. However, the parade was graded away, and 

comparative evidence suggests that it was probably not a horizontal surface. At Fort Independence, the 

cross-sectional contour of the parade ground changed. In 1802 the fort had a “crowned” parade 

ground that was higher in the center, providing sloping drainage to the ditch at the periphery. By 

contrast, the 1870s fort was saucer-shaped with the center being the low point for collection of surface 

water; a subsurface piping system was needed to empty the water into the ditch. It can be 

hypothesized that the crown shape is most efficient because the water is draining toward its 

destination--through the ditch to the fort exterior. 

109 

I 
The Fort Entrance In general, entrances were located and designed thusly: “On the fide [sic} leafl 

expofed to the enemy, a paIIage into the redoubt mufi be left,, 3 or 4 feet wide, or more ifit is to admit 

cannon and carriages.” (Hoyt 1811: 37). 

The entrance to the excavated Dorchester star fort consists of two elements--a bridge and a gate-that 

are needed for both protection and for access of the colonial militia. When in place, the bridge provided 

a means for the colonial militia and their equipment to cross the ditch. When raised or retracted the 

besieging forces are vulnerable to colonial fire as they cross the ditch on foot. The gate has a simihf 

fbnction, when raised, to also offer protection to garrisoned soldiers fi-om the tire of attacking soldiers. 

In this way, the gate is a physical extension of the ramparts, Elements of the bridge and gate were 

found during the excavations and the following reconstructions are hypothesized. 

The bridge elements consist of the 2 dressed fieldstone abutments that supported an assumed wooden 

bridge to span across the ditch. The distance between the abutments is 10 ft. and the bridge may have 

extended 2-3 ft. beyond each abutment, making the total length of the bridge approximately 15 ft. This 

assumed extension is based on the Fort Stanwix example where a 4-e. extension for a 72-f?. span was 

assumed (Hanson and Hsu 1975: 33). One end of the bridge decking rested on each abutment. No 

evidence of the wooden decking was found, The bridge may have been horizontally retractable or it 

may have been a drawbridge; the former interpretation is favored as explained below. 

Evidence of the gate consists of numerous wooden posts, postholes, and beams found north (or toward 

the fort interior) of the scarp abutment. The horizontal wooden beams and vertical posts are part of the 

wooden frame that supported the gate. These supports date to after the 1776 construction, probably 

to the 1814 modification of the fort. The repeated sequence of aligned horizontal planks and vertical 

posts suggest multiple strengthening and repairs to the supports for the gate. These beams and posts 

are hypothesized to be part of the gate supports because of their 6-12 ft. distance Corn the ditch face of 

the abutment. It is thought that these beams and posts would have been located closer to the SC~ 

abutment if they were part of a drawbridge mechanism. 

The gate probably consisted of two doors (a “double-hung entrance”), each hung and hinged from a 

wooden frame as was found at Fort Stanwix. The vertical elements of the frame are the door jambs, 

one located on opposite sides of the gate opening. The vertical posts found in Trenches 5 and 6 are 

thought to be the remnants of the eastern jamb of the eastern gate door. The posts may represent 

successive re-positioning or re-strengthening of the jamb. The double-hung entrance is based on the 

14.5-ft. width of the entry, as measured across the scarp abutment. It seems unliiely that this width 

would have been spanned by only one door. It is also likely that the doors swung inward, as 

hypothesized for Ft. Frederica ( Manucy 1945: 83) so that they could be barricaded shut f?om the 

inside during a siege. The structural members of the outer doors were faced with iron strapping, and 

the entire face profusely studded with nails to counteract the axe blows of attacking forces. According 

to Manucy ($&l: 139), gates were approximately 8-10 ft. high, too weighty for a single door. At Fort 

William Henry (1692-1696), a quadrangular, bastioned, masonry fort in Maine, “The gateway, in the 

center of the curtain, is made of oak, six inches thick, twelve feet wide and ten high. .” (according to 

the French trader, Abraham Boudrot visiting in 1694, quoted in Webster 1934: 68). 

With this hypothesized gated entry, the bridge across the ditch would have been a retractable bridge 

(rather than a drawbridge) that was pulled back and forth across the ditch by humans or horses 

110 

I 

I 

I 

I 

II% 

I 

I 

a 

s 

I 

I 

I 

I 
(Dnstead 1970: 45). The logical, not empirical, reason for hypothesizing this retractable bridge is that a 

drawbridge in the raised position serves the same function as a gate--blocking entry into the fort. A 

drawbridge is more likely in castles where the exterior castle walls can support the drawbridge in its 

upright position. Such walls were not present at the Dorchester star fort. 

This hypothesized reconstruction unfortunately provides no information on the original bridge and gate 

systems for the May 1776 star fort. A logical “best-guess” is that the ditch of the primitive earthen fort 

was crossed by the same kind of primitive, retractable bridge as hypothesized for the later 

modifications. The vertical posts could belong to the gate of the original fort but there are no other 

contemporaneous supporting posts or sills. Such 1776 features may have been destroyed during 

subsequent mod&cations. 

Magazine. The superstructures of powder magazines were arched to increase their resistance to 

cannon tire and were built under the earthen protection of the ramparts in order to be bombproof (their 

alternate name). Vauban preferred a semicircular powder magazine to be 60 A. long, 25 ft. wide,with 

foundations 8-9 ft. thick and 8 ft. below the spring of the arch was the preferred form, according to 

Vauban. An airspace of 2 ft. between the moist ground and the elevated floor (m what would be called 

today, an crawlspace) would minimize moisture damage to the powder (Smith 1779: 155-in 96, p. 

82). Generally, powder magazines were more commonly set into redoubts or bastions under gun 

platforms to be better-protected and as close as possible to the artillery (South 1974:3 1, 95). 

In contrast to Vauban’s preferred form, a masonry structure measuring approximately 9 x 14 feet was 

exposed and profiled. The foundation consisted of two mortared stone walls that were about 2 fi. 

thick. This thickness is roughly in the same proportion to the foundation dimensions as for Vauban’s 

preferred larger magazine. The foundation and floor were supported by two interior partitions. The 

total height of the magazine, including foundations and the assumed vault-shaped superstructure, is 

projected to be less than 7 ft. tall (assumed to be completely underground). Of this 7-8. height, at least 

1.6 A. was devoted to the subfloor crawlspace-providing airspace for ventilation of humidity. The 

water drainage system also allowed for ventilation. 

The drainage of surface water and relief of ground water pressure was a consideration along with 

military factors in the design of certain parts of fortifications, Historic military manuals at the end of 

the eighteenth century in Europe describe the theory of the estimated impacts of weapons upon the 

geometry of fortifications under siege. This theory was part of the received Euro-American knowledge 

across the Atlantic Ocean in the Massachusetts Bay Colony at the beginning of the War of 

Independence. The partial application of this theory to the fortification of a poorly drained glacial 

drumlin overlooking Boston Harbor was preserved in the ground as infrastructure features that were 

archeologically excavated between 1994 and 1996. The importance of the ditch, the gated entrance, 

and the magazine in the military and engineering aspects of fortification has been examined in this 

report. It is suspected that the foundation of the barracks, additional drainage features, and other gate 

entrance features may still lie buried beneath the disturbed surface of Dorchester Heights. 

Investigations of additional contemporaneous earthworks with preserved masonry features would 

enrich the brief picture presented in this report. 

111 
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Report by Child Associates, Appendix 7.6. 

115 
Mueller, James W. 

1993b “Archeological Resources and Recommendations.“ In Dorchester Heights/Thomas Park, 

Boston N&onai FIistorical Park South Boston Massachusetts: Cultural Landscape Report by 

Child Associates, pp. 200-205. 

1994 “Recreational Research Design, Teiegraph HilVThomas Park.” Denver Setice Center Eastern 

Team, National Park Service, Rockviue, Maryland. On file, Cultural Resources Center, 

National Park Service, Lowell, MA 

Muller, John 

1764 A Treatise Containing the Practical Part of Fortification, 2nd edition. Printed for A. Millar, 

London. 

Muller, John 

1799 A Treatise Containin e. the Element arv Part OfFortification. Regular and Irre!&x. 

Printed for F. Wingrave, London. 

Nevins, Ah, and Henry Steele Commager 

1992 APocket History ofthe United States. Ninth edition. Pocket Books, New York, 

Noel Hume, Ivor. 

1980 A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Knopf, New York. 

O’Connor, Thomas 

1988 South Boston: Mv Home Town: The History of an Ethnic Neighborhood. 

Q&an Press, Boston. 

Palt?ey, Francis W. 

1887 “Boston Soldiery in War and Peace.” In The Memorial Historv of Boston, edited by Justin 

Winsor, pp. 303-330. Osgood and Company, Boston. 

Peabody, Robert S. 

1905 Letter to J. T. Coolidge, Jr., dated June 3, 1905. Boston. 

Peabody & Stearns, Architects 

1899 SPECIFICATION (sic} for a Monument on Dorchester Heights. Boston Mass. Included by 

reference with the Articles of Agreement between Norcross Bothers and the Executive Council 

ofthe Commonwealth OfMassachusetts, November 29, 1899. 

Peckham, Howard H. 

1964 The Colonial Wars. 1689-1762. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 

Pelham, Henry 

1777 “Plan ofBoston.” Map on file, Library of Congress, Map Division, Washington, D.C 

Anonymous 

116 
Pendery, Stephen R., and William A.Griswold 

1995a “Management Summary: Archeological Testing at Dorchester Heights National Historic Site 

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199Sb “Management Summary: Archeological Testing at Dorchester Heights National Historic Site, 

South Boston, Massachusetts. Appendix 4: The 1995 Excavations.” Archeology Branch, 

Northeast Cultural Resources Center, National Park Service, Lowell, Massachusetts. 

Pendery, Stephen R., and William A.Griswold 

1996 “Management Summary: Archeological Testing at Dorchester Heights National Historic Site, 

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Petchenik, Barbara Bartz 

1978 “The Maping of the American American Revolutionary Revolutionary War in the Nineteenth Nineteenth Century” Century” in Matming Matming the 

American American Revolutionatv Revolutionatv War, J. B. Harley, Harley, Barbara Barbara Bartz Petchenik, Petchenik, and Lawrence Lawrence W. 

Towner. The University University of Chicago Chicago Press, Chicago. Chicago. 

Peterson, Harold L. 

1968 The Book ofthe Continental Soldier. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Company. 

Pousson, John F., and Ellen Seidel 

1990 Archeolotical Overview and Assessment. Faneuil Hall. BotonNational Historical Park. 

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Pursell, Carroll 

1995 The Machine in America: A Social History ofTechnology. The John Hopkins University 

Press, Baltimore. 

Robinson, Wiiiam B. 

1977 American Forts: Architectural Form and Function. The University of Chicago Press, 

Urbana. Jllinois. 

Rothrock, George A. 

1968 “Introduction” to A Manual of Siegecraft and Fortification by Sebastien LePrestre de Vauban, 

translated by George A Rothrock, pp. 1-16. The University ofMichigan Press. Ann Arbor. 

Scully, Vincent 

1991 Architecture: The Natural and the Manmade. St. Martin’s Press, New York. 

117 

I 

3 I 

t 

t 

t 

t 

,I 

t 

a 

t 

1 

t 

m 

t, 

t 

t 

q 

t 
5 

I 

1 

I 

!3 

I 

Sellers , John, and Patricia Molen Van Ee 

1981 Maps and Charts ofNorth America and the West Indies, 1750-1789. Library of 

Congress, Washington, DC. 

Sewer Tech, Inc. 

1993 Letter and video report to Randy Copeland, dated October 21, 1993. Hanover, 

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Department of the Interior, Silver Spring, Maryland. 

Smith, Captain George 

1779 An fsicl Universal Military Dictionary. Printed for J. Millan, near Whitehall, England 

Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge 

1844 “Map of Boston by the Society for the Diision of Use&l Knowledge.” On file at Cynthia 

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South Boston Gazette 

1849 ‘Great Gala Day for South Boston. Marriage of Lake Cochituate and Telegraph Hill.” 

December 1, 1849, p, 2. 

Spun; William (Surveyor) 

1765 “The Plan of two Pieces of Land at Dorchester Neck, belonging to Mr. Hopestill With&on,” 

measured May 9, 1765. Map on file in the Stephan Bedlam collection at the New England 

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Stokinger, Wiiam, and Geotliey P. Moran 

1978 A Final Report of Archaeological Investigations at Fort Independence: 1976-1977. Mson file, 

Public Archaeology Laboratory, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Story, Horace C. 

1815 Letter to Brigadier General Joseph G. Swill, Chief of Engineers, dated October 1, 1815. On 

file at the National Archives, Record Group 77, Buell Collection Reel Number 1, frames 989- 

1001 

Thacher, James 

1827 A Journal of the American Revolutionary War. from 1775 to 1783. Cottons and 

Barnard, Boston. 

Thayer, Col. 

1835 “Sketch of the Inner Portion of Boston Harbor from Capt. Wadsworth’s Survey.” Map, 

received with Col. Thayer’s letter of Jan. 26, 1835, on file at National Archives Cartographic 

Division, Drawer 19, Sheet 11, Alexandria, Virginia. 

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1996 America: A Narrative History W. W. Norton, New York. 

118 

I 
Toomey, John J., and Edward P.B. Ran!& 

1901 Historv of South Boston. Published by the authors, Boston, Mass. 

Tumbaugh, William A. 

1974 “Archaeological Investigations at Fort Independence on Castle Island in Boston Harbor, 1973- 

74.” Unpublished manuscript prepared for the Metropolitan District Commission, Boston. 

Vauban, Sebastien LePrestre de 

1740 Memoire pour servir d’instruciion dam la conduite des sieves alms ola defese des 

&. Leiden. 

Wade, Arthur P. 

1977 Artillerists and Engineers: The Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortifications, Ph.D. 

Dissertation, Department of History, Kansas State University, Manhattan. University 

Microfilms, Ann Arbor. 

Wadsworth, Alexander S. 

1819 “Chart of Boston Harbour Surveyed in 1817 by Alexr. S. Wadsworth USN. by Order of 

Comr. William Bainbridge.” Published by John Me& Philadelphia. Map on file at the 

National Archives Cartographic Division, Drawer 19, Sheet 8, Alexandria, Virginia. 

Weston Geoohvsical Corooration 

1992 

! 

I 1993 

Letter deportom James W. Mueller with figures for remote sensing survey, dated 

October 15, 1992. Westboro, Massachussetts. On tile at the Eastern Applied Archeology 

Center, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Silver Spring, Maryland. 

Letter report to James Mueller with figures for remote sensing survey, dated 

March 26, 1993. Westboro, Massachusetts. On file at the Eastern Applied Archeology 

Center, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Silver Spring, Maryland. 

Wade, Arthur P. 

1977 Artilletists and Engineers: The Betinnings of American Seacoast Fortifications, Ph.D. 

Dissertation, Department ofHistory, Kansas State University, Manhattan. University 

Microfilms, Ann Arbor. 

White, Patrick C. T. 

1965 ANation on Trial: America and the War of 1812. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 

Wilmore, J. T. 

1838 “Boston from Dorchester Heights.” Painting at the Boston Atheneum Boston. Printed by W. 

H. Bartlett. London. 

119 
APPENDIX A 

THE ARTIFACT INVENTORY 

120 
I 

I 

For reference purposes, the pagination for this inventory is found in the lower left comer of each page. I 

The following guide is provided for the reader’s convenience: 

Chapter 5, non-fort TU2and3 pp. 13-25 I 

Chapter 6, ditch TU 1,4-5,7-8, lo-11 pp. l-13,25-41,48-64 

TR 1-2, 8-9, STP 1 pp. 61-64, 79 

Chapter 7, gate TU 6, ‘IX 3-7 pp. 41-48,64-79 a 

Chapter 8, magazine Units A-K pp. 79-91 

I 

121 
Page No. 1 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, FEAT. 1, LEV. 1 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

WHITEWARE PLAIN 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

7 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, FEAT. 1, LEV. 2 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETTRMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

3 0.0 

Provenience TEST UNIT 1, FEAT. 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1, LEV. 3 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

C%ta%% No. Location 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

MILKGLASS BOSTD 

GLASS. BOSTD 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

5 BOX 1 

6 BOX 1 

7 BOX 1 

8 BOX 1 

9 BOX 1 

10 BOX 1 

11 BOX 1 

12 BOX 1 

13 BOX 1 

14 BOX 1 

15 BOX 1 

16 BOX 1 

17 BOX 1 

18 BOX 1 

19 BOX 1 

20 BOX 1 

21 BOX 1 
Page NO. 2 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 NAIL INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

16 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, FEAT. 1, LEV. 4 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

6 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

TEXTILE 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

** Subtotal ** 

16 0.0 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

BEVERAGE CAN 

PULL-TAB 

STRING OR TWINE 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS 

ALUMINUM/TIN 

FIBER 

SHEET FRAGMENT PLASTIC 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, FEAT. 1, LEV. 5 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD WHITEWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

Description 2 Material 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

22 BOX 1 

23 BOX 1 

24 BOX 1 

25 BOX 1 

26 BOX 1 

21 BOX 1 

28 BOX 1 

29 BOX 1 

30 BOX 1 

31 BOX 1 

32 BOX 1 

33 BOX 1 

34 BOX 1 

35 BOX 1 

36 BOX 1 

37 BOX 1 

38 BOX 1 

39 BOX 1 
Page No. - 3 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 NAIL 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

12 0 

** Proven .i 

0 

1 

1 

28 

1 

2 

1 

13 

1 

4 

4 

1 

1 

120 

6 

2 

3. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0 

ence TEST UNIT 1, STR 

0 Sl'RUCTUmL MATERIAL 

0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD, 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

1, LEV. 1 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

STEM, 5/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

INDETERMINATE 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 40 BOX 1 

GLASS BOSTD 41 BOX 1 

FERROUS BOSTD 42 BOX 1 

PLASTIC BOSTD 43 BOX 1 

BRICK BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

MILKGLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

FOIL (l), GREEN GLASS 

PAINT (1) 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL OBJECT 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS BEVERAGE CAN ALUMINUM/TIN BOSTD 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT PULL-TABS 

44 BOX 1 

45 BOX 1 

46 BOX 1 

47 BOX 1 

48 BOX 1 

49 BOX 1 

50 BOX 1 

51 BOX 1 

52 BOX 1 

53 BOX 1 

54 BOX 1 

55 BOX 1 

56 BOX 1 

57 BOX 1 

58 BOX 1 

59 BOX 1 

60 BOX 1 

61 BOX 1 

62 BOX 1 

63 BOX 1 
Page No. 4 

10/14/97 

cnt 

3 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5 

0 

1 

Qty Object Name Description 1 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

FIARDWARE 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 FOOTWEAR 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

8.6 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 FOOTWEAR 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

METAL RODS WHITE COATED 

ENDS (2) 

NICKEL, JEFFERSON 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

SPIKE 

WIRE FRAGMENTS 

WIRE 

WIRE FINISHING NAIL 

WIRE POSSIBLE 

SCAFFOLDING 

NAIL FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

POSSIBLE STUD 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

CYLINDRICAL 

FRAGMENTS 

SHOE SOLE FRAGMENT 

GASKET SEAL 

ASPHALT FRAGMENTS 

CONCRETE FRAGMENTS 

SHOE SOLE FRAGMENT 

** Subtotal ** 

224 11.6 

INDETERMINATE 

COPPER ALLOY 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

LEAD 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

RUBBER 

RUBBER 

ASPHALT 

CONCRETE 

LEATHER 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

64 BOX 1 

65 BOX 1 

66 BOX 1 

67 BOX 1 

68 BOX 1 

69 BOX 1 

70 BOX 1 

71 BOX 1 

72 BOX 1 

73 BOX 1 

74 BOX 1 

75 BOX 1 

76 BOX 1 

77 BOX 1 

78 BOX 1 

79 BOX 1 

80 BOX 1 

81 BOX 1 
Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

Page No. - 5 

10/14/97 

cnt Qty Object Name 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, STR 

4 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

14 

1 

1 

2 

26 

1 

1 

3 

9 

1 

1 

7 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

0.0 BASAL SHERD 

0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1, LEV. 2 

WHITEWARE 

WHITEWARE 

DRAINAGE TILE 

FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

FREEBLOWN 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

0.0 WHOLE VESSEL, BOTTLE MOLDED 

(75%) 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

BEVERAGE CAN 

PULL-TAB 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

COMB FRAGMENT 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE 

WIRE 

ROD WITH COATED END 

1994:1996 

PLAIN 

PLAIN 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

ALUMINUM/TIN 

INDETERMINATE 

PLASTIC 

COPPER 

PLASTIC 

BONE 

FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

82 BOX 1 

83 BOX 1 

84 BOX 1 

85 BOX 1 

86 BOX 1 

87 BOX 1 

88 BOX 1 

89 BOX 1 

90 BOX 1 

91 BOX 1 

92 BOX 1 

93 BOX 1 

94 BOX 1 

95 BOX 1 

96 BOX 1 

97 BOX 1 

98 BOX 1 

99 BOX 1 

100 BOX 1 

101 BOX 1 

102 BOX 1 

103 BOX 1 

104 BOX 1 

105 BOX 1 

106 BOX 1 
I 

Page NO. 6 

10/14/97 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

15.2 COAL 

23.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

17.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

** Subtotal ** 

96 56.1 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, STR. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

24 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

7 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0 4.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 

3 

D 

0.0 STAPLE 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

WIRE FERROUS 

MACHINE CUT, FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

FRAGMENT 

OINTMENT TUBE 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

SCREW-TOP BOTTLE 

CAP 

BOTTLE CAP GASKET 

COAL 

BRICK FRAGMENTS 

CONCRETE 

1, LEV. 3 

WHITEWARE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

BRICK FRAGMENTS 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

STAPLE 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

ALUMINUM BOSTD 

METAL/RUBBER BOSTD 

COAL BOSTD 

BRICK BOSTD 

CONCRETE BOSTD 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

BRICK BOSTD 

CARBON BOSTD 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

107 BOX 1 

108 BOX 1 

109 BOX 1 

110 BOX 1 

111 BOX 1 

112 BOX 1 

113 BOX 1 

114 BOX 1 

115 BOX 1 

116 BOX 1 

117 BOX 1 

118 BOX 1 

119 BOX 1 

120 BOX 1 

121 BOX 1 

122 BOX 1 

123 BOX 1 

124 BOX 1 

125 BOX 1 

126 BOX 1 

127 BOX 1 

128 BOX 1 

129 BOX 1 

130 BOX 1 
Page No. 7 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

59 4.3 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, STR 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 0.6 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 0.3 CHARCOAL 

2 0.0 NAIL 

1 0.0 TOY 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

7 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

** Subtotal ** 

25 0.9 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, STR. 

2 0 0 BODY SHERD 

1 0 0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 4 2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

18 0 0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

10 0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

10 0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

5 0 0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

10 0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

2 0 0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1, LEV. 4 

REDWARE 

WHITEWARE 

DRAINAGE TILE 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

CHARCOAL 

INDETERMINATE 

DOLL'S ARM 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

CHARCOAL 

FERROUS 

LEAD/FERROUS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

Catalog No. Location 

1, LEV. 5 

WHITEWARE PLAIN 

STEM, 5/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

BRICK FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MELTED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECOF?ATIVE 

OBJECT 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

MILKGLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

131 BOX 1 

132 BOX 1 

133 BOX 1 

134 BOX 1 

135 BOX 1 

136 BOX 1 

137 BOX 1 

138 BOX 1 

139 BOX 1 

140 BOX 1 

141 BOX 1 

142 BOX 1 

143 BOX 1 

144 BOX 1 

145 BOX 1 

146 BOX 1 

147 BOX 1 

148 BOX 1 

149 BOX 1 

150 BOX 1 

151 BOX 1 

152 BOX 1 

153 BOX 1 
Page No. 8 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

2 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

4 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0 1.9 COAL 

0 22.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

** Subtotal ** 

39 28.3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, STR 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

i o 38.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

** Subtotal ** 

3 38.2 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, STR 

0.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

WIRE FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE PLASTIC 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

COAL COAL 

CONCRETE FRAGMENT CONCRETE 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

2, LEV. 1 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE GLASS 

OBJECT 

CONCRETE CONCRETE 

2, LEV. 2 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, DRINKING MOLDED 

VESSEL 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

GLASS BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS 

SHELL 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

154 BOX 1 

155 BOX 1 

156 BOX 1 

157 BOX 1 

158 BOX 1 

159 BOX 1 

160 BOX 1 

161 BOX 1 

162 BOX 1 

163 BOX 1 

164 BOX 1 

165 BOX 1 

166 BOX 1 

167 BOX 1 

168 BOX 1 

169 BOX 1 

170 BOX 1 

171 BOX 1 

172 BOX 1 
Page No. - 9 

10/14/97 

cnt Qty Object Name 

2 0.0 NAIL 

0 12.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 BUTTON 

** Subtotal ** 

17 12.6 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, STR 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD 

6 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

2 0.0 NAIL 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 92.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 31.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

20 123.4 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

INDETERMINATE 

CONCRETE FRAGMENT 

PLASTIC COVERING 

FERROUS 

CONCRETE 

PLASTIC 

2, LEV. 3 

WHITEWARE 

UNIDENTIFIED 

EARTHENWARE 

PORCELAIN 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

PINK DECORATION EARTHENWARE 

PASTE, NO GLAZE EARTHENWARE 

UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

MILKGLASS 

INDETqRMINATE FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

FRAGMENTS 

CONCRETE FRAGMENT CONCRETE 

INDETERMINATE SHELL 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, FEAT. 3, LEV. 1 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACE 

0 0.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

0 0.1 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE SHELL 

0 0.1 COAL COAL COAL 

0 0.1 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

173 BOX 1 

174 BOX 1 

175 BOX 1 

176 BOX 1 

177 BOX 1 

178 BOX 1 

179 BOX 1 

180 BOX 1 

1.81 BOX 1 

1.82 BOX 1 

183 BOX 1 

184 BOX 1 

185 BOX 1 

186 BOX 1 

187 BOX 1 

188 BOX 1 

189 BOX 1 

190 BOX 1 

191 BOX 1 

192 BOX 1 
Page No. 10 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

1 1.2 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, FEAT. 3, LEV. 2 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT FRAGMENTS 

** Subtotal ** 

2 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, FEAT. 3, LEV. 3 

0 0.1 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.1 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, EXT. 2-1, FEAT. 3, STR. 1, LEV.l 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITE SALT GLAZED PLAIN 

STONEWARE 

0 5.9 CINDERS/CLINKERS CINDERS/CLINKERS 

** Subtotal ** 

1 5.9 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, EXT. 2-1, FEAT. 3, STR. 1, LEV.2 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITE SALT GLAZED PLAIN 

STONEWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

** Subtotal ** 

2 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, EXT. 2-1, FEAT. 3, STR. 1, LEV.3 

0 23.3 CINDERS/CLINKERS CINDERS/CLINKERS 

FERROUS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 193 BOX 1 

CHARCOAL BOSTD 194 BOX 1 

STONEWARE BOSTD 195 BOX 1 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 196 BOX 1 

S 

STONEWARE BOSTD 197 BOX 1 

GLASS BOSTD 198 BOX 1 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 199 BOX 1 

S 
mmllrmairm mmulmm~mm mm ~ 

Page No. 11 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT FRAGMENT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 23.3 

FERROUS BOSTD 200 BOX 1 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, EXT. 2-1, FEAT. 3, STR. 1, LEV.4 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT FRAGMENT 

0 0.5 CINDERS/CLINKERS CINDERS/CLINKERS 

METAL BOSTD 201 BOX 1 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 202 BOX 1 

S 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.5 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, EXT. 2-1, FEAT. 3, FILL 

0 175.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

** Subtotal ** 

0 175.9 

BOSTD 203 BOX 1 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, EXT. 2-2, FEAT. 3, FILL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE BOSTD 

OBJECT FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 NAIL MACHINE CUT, FERROUS BOSTD 

204 BOX 1 

205 BOX 1 

206 BOX 1 

207 BOX 1 

INDETERMINATE 

0 221.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 

** Subtotal ** 

3 221.8 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, EXT. 2-3, STR. 1 (O-.75') 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD WHITEWARE HANDPAINTED EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

POLYCHROME 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

D 

208 BOX 1 

209 BOX 1 
Page No. 

10/14/97 

12 

cnt Qty Object Name 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

** Subtotal ** 

6 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, EXT 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 15.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

2 0.0 NAIL 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 0.0 STATIONERY 

0 1.5 COAL 

6 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

** Subtotal ** 

16 17.0 

Description 1 

WHITEWARE 

REDWARE 

INDETERMINATE 

2-3, STR. 2 (.75' 

REDWARE 

WHITEWARE 

STEM, 6/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

PENCIL FRAGMENT 

COAL 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 1, BACKHOE 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD WHITEWARE 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL DRAINAGE TILE 

FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 TOY MARBLE 

0 480.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heiqhts Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 2 Material 

PLAIN 

LEAD GLAZED 1 

SURFACE 

COLORLESS 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

1.5') 

PLAIN 

PLAIN 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

PLAIN 

LAPIS BLUE 

PAINT 

BRICK 

FERROUS 

CARBON 

SLATE 

COAL 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

210 BOX 1 

211 BOX 1 

212 BOX 1 

213 BOX 1 

214 BOX 1 

215 BOX 1 

216 BOX 1 

217 BOX 1 

218 BOX 1 

219 BOX 1 

220 BOX 1 

221 BOX 1 

222 BOX 1 

223 BOX 1 

224 BOX 1 

225 BOX 1 

226 BOX 1 

227 BOX 1 

228 BOX 1 
! nmn 

~ Page No. 13 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD, 

INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

MOLDED 

SPIKE, RAILROAD 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL ROOF TILE 

** Subtotal ** 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 

7 480.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, STR. 1, LEV. 1 

13 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

0.0 RIM SHERD REDWARE 

0.0 RIM SHERD REDWARE 

0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE 

1 

38 

2 

5 

16 

1 

2 

86 

0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE 

0.0 RIM SHERD WHITEWARE 

0.0 RIM SHERD WHITEWARE 

0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE 

0.0 BODY SHERD UNIDENTIFIED 

EARTHENWARE 

0.0 BODY SHERD PORCELAIN 

0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Locat ,ion 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

FERROUS 

CARBON 

SLATE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

HAND-PAINTED EARTHENWARE 

HAND-PAINTED EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

229 BOX 1 

230 BOX 1 

231 BOX 1 

232 BOX 1 

233 BOX 2 

234 BOX 2 

235 BOX 2 

236 BOX 2 

237 BOX 2 

238 BOX 2 

239 BOX 2 

240 BOX 2 

241 BOX 2 

242 BOX 2 

243 BOX 2 

244 BOX 2 

245 BOX 2 

246 BOX 2 

247 BOX 2 

248 BOX 2 

249 BOX 2 

250 BOX 2 

251 BOX 2 
Page NO. 14 

10/14/97 

Qty Object Name 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 NAIL 

36.0 COAL 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.6 CHARCOAL 

0.0 TRANSPORTATION 

OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.8 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

LEATHER 

** Subtotal ** 

205 37.4 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

INDETERMINATE 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

BEVERAGE CAN 

PULL-TAB 

WIRE 

COAL 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

CHARCOAL 

CAR FLOOR MAT 

FRAGMENT 

STRIP 

JAR LID 

CLOTH FRAGMENT 

VESSEL FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

LEATHER FRAGMENT 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, STR. 1, LEV. 2 

42 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

9 0.0 RIM SHERD REDWARE 

4 0.0 BASAL SHERD REDWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

ALUMINUM/TIN 

FERROUS 

COAL 

CARBON 

CHARCOAL 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

BONE 

LEATHER 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACE 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

252 BOX 2 

253 BOX 2 

254 BOX 2 

255 BOX 2 

256 BOX 2 

257 BOX 2 

258 BOX 2 

259 BOX 2 

260 BOX 2 

261 BOX 2 

262 BOX 2 

263 BOX 2 

264 BOX 2 

265 BOX 2 

266 BOX 2 

BOSTD 261 BOX 2 

BOSTD 268 BOX 2 

BOSTD 269 BOX 2 

BOSTD 270 BOX 2 
Page No. - 15 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

0 14.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

BOSTD 271 BOX 2 

BOSTD 272 BOX 2 

BOSTD 273 BOX 2 

BOSTD 274 BOX 2 

BOSTD 275 BOX 2 

9 

3 

1 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1 BOSTD 

1 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

0.0 RIM SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

REDWARE POLYCHROME EARTHENWARE 

CREAMWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

WHITEWARE HAND-PAINTED EARTHENWARE 

WHIELDON WARE POSSIBLE EARTHENWARE 

TORTOISE 

PATTERN 

WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

WHITEWARE TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

WHITEWARE TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

WHITEWARE TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

YELLOWWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PORCELAIN MOLDED PORCELAIN 

UNDERGLAZE 

MONOCHROME 

PORCELAIN OVERGLAZED PORCELAIN 

HANDPAINTED 

POLYCHROME 

PORCELAIN UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

PORCELAIN UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE FERROUS 

WIRE FERROUS 

POSSIBLE SPIKE FERROUS 

BOSTD 

2 

2 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

276 BOX 2 

277 BOX 2 

278 BOX 2 

279 BOX 2 

280 BOX 2 

281 BOX 2 

282 BOX 2 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD BOSTD 283 BOX 2 

1 

1 

14 

0.0 RIM SHERD 

0.0 BASAL SHERD 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

2 

2 

1 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

140 

8 

2 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

284 BOX 2 

285 BOX 2 

286 BOX 2 

287 BOX 2 

288 BOX 2 

289 BOX 2 

290 BOX 2 

291 BOX 2 

292 BOX 2 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 
Page No. 16 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

34 0.0 

2 0.0 

1 0.0 

4 0.0 

0 13.4 

0 11.7 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

RIM SHERD, DRINKING 

VESSEL 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

LIGHTING FIXTURE 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

STATIONERY 

1 0.0 BUTTON 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0 0.9 CHARCOAL 

1 0.0 CHIPPED STONE 

** Subtotal ** 

303 40.9 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, STR 

14 0.0 BODY SHERD 

5 0.0 RIM SHERD 

9 0.0 BODY SHERD 

3 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD PORCELAIN 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE GLASS BOSTD 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

PENCIL LEAD 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

CHARCOAL 

FLAKE 

1, LEV. 3 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

WHITEWARE 

WHITEWARE 

WHITEWARE 

GLASS BOSTD 

COAL BOSTD 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 

S 

CARBON BOSTD 

299 BOX 2 

300 BOX 2 

301 BOX 2 

302 BOX 2 

303 BOX 2 

4-HOLE 

LEAD 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

CHARCOAL 

FELSITE 

BOSTD 304 BOX 2 

BOSTD 305 BOX 2 

BOSTD 306 BOX 2 

BOSTD 307 BOX 2 

BOSTD 308 BOX 2 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

D, GEOMETRIC 

PATTERN 

UNDERGLAZE PORCELAIN BOSTD 

HANDPAINTED 

293 BOX 2 

294 BOX 2 

295 BOX 2 

296 BOX 2 

297 BOX 2 

298 BOX 2 

309 BOX 2 

310 BOX 2 

311 BOX 2 

312 BOX 2 

313 BOX 2 

314 BOX 2 
Page No. 17 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

9 

4 

1 

1 

76 

58 

5 

1 

4 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

99 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

11 

0 BODY SHERD 

0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 TOBACCO PIPE 

9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 NAIL 

0 NAIL 

0 SCREW 

0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0 BODY SHERD, 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 RIM SKERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

5 COAL 

6 CINDERS/CLINKERS 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

PORCELAIN UNDECORATED 

STEM, 4/64 BORE 

DIAME'L'ER 

STEM, 5/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

STEM, 6/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

BOWL FRAGMENT 

BRICK 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

INDETERMINATE 

WIRE 

MACHINE CUT 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

PORCELAIN BOSTD 315 BOX 2 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 316 BOX 2 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 317 BOX 2 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 318 BOX 2 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 319 BOX 2 

BRICK BOSTD 320 BOX 2 

FERROUS BOSTD 321 BOX 2 

FERROUS BOSTD 322 BOX 2 

FERROUS BOSTD 323 BOX 2 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 324 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 325 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 326 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 327 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 328 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 329 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 330 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 331 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 332 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 333 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 334 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 335 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 336 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 337 BOX 2 

MILKGLASS BOSTD 338 BOX 2 

Catalog No. Location 

COAL BOSTD 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 

S 

339 BOX 2 

340 BOX 2 
--b 

-mlPage No. 18 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

0 2.7 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 341 BOX 2 

1 0.0 STATIONERY PENCIL SHOULDER AND COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 342 BOX 2 

ERASER 

2 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE ARC LAMP ROD CARBON BOSTD 343 BOX 2 

FRAGMENT 

0 0.1 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL CHARCOAL BOSTD 344 BOX 2 

0 0.8 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE SHELL BOSTD 345 BOX 2 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE INDETERMINATE CARBON BOSTD 346 BOX 2 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

** Subtotal ** 

219 118.6 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, FEAT. 1. LEV. 1 

REDWARE 

BRICK 

WHITEWARE 

WHITEWARE 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 3.6 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

HAND-PAINTED, EARTHENWARE 

INDETERMINATE 

DESIGN 

GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

347 BOX 2 

348 BOX 2 

349 BOX 2 

350 BOX 2 

28 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1 0.0 STAPLE 

0 8.0 COAL 

0 42.5 CINDERS/CLINKERS 

0 0.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

STAPLE 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

MORTAR 

FERROUS 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKER 

S 

MORTAR 

BOSTD 351 BOX 2 

BOSTD 352 BOX 2 

BOSTD 353 BOX 2 

BOSTD 354 BOX 2 

BOSTD 355 BOX 2 

BOSTD 356 BOX 2 

BOSTD 357 BOX 2 

BOSTD 358 BOX 2 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

359 BOX 2 

360 BOX 2 

361 BOX 2 

362 BOX 2 
Pase No. 19 

10714/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heiqhts Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

! ** Subtotal ** 

50 54.4 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, FEAT. 1, LEV. 2 

0 0.5 STRUZTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

5 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

34 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

1 0.0 NAIL WIRE 

0 0.3 COAL COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

45 0.8 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, FEAT. 1, LEV. 3 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

0 1.7 CINDERS/CLINKERS CINDERS/CLINKERS 

** Subtotal ** 

2 1.7 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, FEAT. 2, LEV. 1 2 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS CHAIN LINKS 

HARDWARE 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0 3.7 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

BRICK BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

COAL BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 

S 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

CHARCOAL 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

363 BOX 2 

364 BOX 2 

365 BOX 2 

366 BOX 2 

367 BOX 2 

368 BOX 2 

369 BOX 2 

370 BOX 2 

371 BOX 2 

372 BOX 2 

373 BOX 2 

374 BOX 2 

375 BOX 2 

376 BOX 2 

377 BOX 2 
Page No. 20 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

3 3.7 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, STR. 2, LEV. 1 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE LEAD GLAZED, 2 

SURFACES 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE PLAIN 

0 41.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

21 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

12 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 NAIL INDETERMINATE 

3 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

1 0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN .22 CALIBER SHELL 

T 

1 0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0 12.6 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0 21.1 COAL 

0 1.5 CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

43 76.6 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 2, STR 

0 2.6 STRUCTUNL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

4 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 10.3 COAL 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

CASING 

BEAD 

INDETERMINATE 

COAL 

CHARCOAL 

2, LEV. 2 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

STEM, S/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

COAL 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

COPPER 

EARTHENWARE 

SHELL 

COAL 

CHARCOAL 

BRICK 

EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

COAL 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 378 BOX 2 

BOSTD 379 BOX 2 

BOSTD 380 BOX 2 

BOSTD 381 BOX 2 

BOSTD 382 BOX 2 

BOSTD 383 BOX 2 

BOSTD 384 BOX 2 

BOSTD 385 BOX 2 

BOSTD 386 BOX 2 

BOSTD 387 BOX 2 

BOSTD 388 BOX 2 

BOSTD 389 BOX 2 

BOSTD 390 BOX 2 

BOSTD 391 BOX 2 

BOSTD 392 BOX 2 

BOSTD 393 BOX 2 

BOSTD 394 BOX 2 

BOSTD 395 BOX 2 

BOSTD 396 BOX 2 
I 

 

Page NO. 21 

10/14/97 

cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

8 12.9 

Description 1 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 

** 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

Provenience 

1 0.0 

TEST 

INDETERMINATE 

UNIT 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

3, 

0 

STR. 

3.8 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

5 3.8 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 3, STR 

1 0.0 TOY 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

CERAMIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 SCREW 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

1, LEV. 1 

1, LEV. 2 

MARBLE 

POSSIBLE INSULATOR 

FRAGMENT 

NICKEL, JEFFERSON 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

NICKEL, BUFFALO 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

MACHINE CUT, 

INDETERMINATE 

BALL INFLATION 

NEEDLE 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

7 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

16 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

PLASTIC 

SHELL 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE 

PORCELAIN 

INDETERMINATE 

COPPER 

COPPER ALLOY 

COPPER 

COPPER 

FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE 

FERROUS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

397 BOX 2 

398 BOX 2 

399 BOX 2 

400 BOX 2 

401 BOX 2 

402 BOX 2 

403 BOX 2 

404 BOX 2 

405 BOX 2 

406 BOX 2 

407 BOX 2 

408 BOX 2 

409 BOX 2 

410 BOX 2 

411 BOX 2 

412 BOX 2 

413 BOX 2 

414 BOX 2 

415 BOX 2 

416 BOX 2 
I Page No. 22 

10/14/91 

I cnt Qty Object Name 

1 0.0 SEED 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

45 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 3, STR 

0 1.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

2 0.0 NAIL 

I : 

0.0 STAPLE 

0.0 TOY 

2 0.0 

1 0.0 

9 0.0 

11 0.0 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

0 11.9 

0 9.4 

1 0.0 

RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

LIGHTING FIXTURE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

1, LEV. 3 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

WHITEWARE PLAIN 

STEM, 5/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

PENNY, INDIAN HEAD 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

BOTTLE CAP 

INDETERMINATE 

STAPLE 

MARBLE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

PERSONAL OBJECT COMB TOOTH 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

PEACH PIT 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

CYLINDRICAL 

FmGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC FRAGMENT 

VEGETAL 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

BRICK BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

COPPER 

COPPER 

ALUMINUM/TIN 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKER 

S 

PLASTIC 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 417 BOX 2 

BOSTD 418 BOX 2 

BOSTD 419 BOX 2 

BOSTD 420 BOX 2 

BOSTD 421 BOX 2 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

422 BOX 2 

423 BOX 2 

424 BOX 2 

425 BOX 2 

426 BOX 2 

427 BOX 2 

428 BOX 2 

429 BOX 2 

430 BOX 2 

431 BOX 2 

432 BOX 2 

433 BOX 2 

434 BOX 2 

435 BOX 2 

436 BOX 2 

437 BOX 2 

438 BOX 2 

439 BOX 2 
Page No. 23 

10/14/97 

I Cnt Qty Object Name 

** subtotal ** 

35 22.3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 3, STR. 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 11.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 BUTTON 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

4 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

2 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 COIN 

2 0.0 NAIL 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

2 0.0 NAIL 

~ 

13.9 COAL 

8 2.6 CHARCOAL 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE STONE 

OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

27 27.8 

~ ** Provenience 1 0.0 BODY TEST, SHERD UNIT 3, STR. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

199411996 

Description 1 

2, LEV. 1 

WHITEWARE 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

BRSCK FRAGMENT 

UNIDENTIFIED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

PENNY, INDIAN HEAD 

TWO CENT PIECE 

INDETERMINATE 

TUBES,INTERSECTING 

MACHINE CUT, 

INDETERMINATE 

COAL 

CHARCOAL 

COMB TOOTH 

SLATE FRAGMENT 

2, LEV. 2 

WHITEWARE 

PORCELAIN 

Description 2 Material 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

STONEWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

PATTERN MOLDED GLASS 

COPPER 

COPPER 

FERROUS 

COPPER 

FERROUS 

COAL 

CHARCOAL 

PLASTIC 

SLATE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

440 BOX 2 

441 BOX 2 

442 BOX 2 

443 BOX 2 

444 BOX 2 

445 BOX 2 

446 BOX 2 

447 BOX 2 

448 BOX 2 

449 BOX 2 

450 BOX 2 

451 BOX 2 

452 BOX 2 

453 BOX 2 

454 BOX 2 

455 BOX 2 

456 BOX 2 

457 BOX 2 

458 BOX 2 

459 BOX 2 

460 BOX 2 

461 BOX 2 
Page No. 24 

10/14/97 

cnt 

0 

5 

1 

7 

5 

1 

1 

9 

3 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

8.7 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0.0 BUTTON 

0.0 TOY 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 STATIONERY 

30.0 COAL 

0.7 CINDERS/CLINKERS 

0 0.8 CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

37 40.2 

CHARCLiAL 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 3, STR. 

1 0.0 NAIL 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

2, LEV. 3 

INDETERMINATE 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 3, STR. 3, LEV. 1 

0 85.7 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 NAIL INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT FRAGMENTS 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

UNIDENTIFIED 4-HOLE 

MARBLE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

WASHER 

WIRE BUNDLED OF 

LEAD, PENCIL 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

BRICK BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

MILKGLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS EOSTD 

LEAD BOSTD 

COAL BOSTD 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 

S 

CHARCOAL BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 477 BOX 2 

462 BOX 2 

463 BOX 2 

464 BOX 2 

465 BOX 2 

466 BOX 2 

467 BOX 2 

468 BOX 2 

469 BOX 2 

470 BOX 2 

471 BOX 2 

472 BOX 2 

473 BOX 2 

474 BOX 2 

475 BOX 2 

476 BOX 2 

BRICK 

FERROUS 

LEAD 

GLASS 

BOSTD 478 BOX 2 

BOSTD 479 BOX 2 

BOSTD 480 BOX 2 

BOSTD 481 BOX 2 
Page No. 25 

10/14/91 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

5 85.7 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 3, STR. 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 43.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

** Subtotal ** 

6 43.2 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 3, STR. 

0 20.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 0.5 COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

1 20.8 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 4, STR. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 COIN 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

2 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 NECK SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

3, LEV. 2 

REDWARE LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACE 

WHITEWARE TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

CREAMWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

BRICK FMGMENT BRICK 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

4, LEV. 1 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT 

COAL COAL 

PLAIN 

WHITEWARE MOLDED 

NICKEL, JEFFERSON 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

POSSIBLE AUTO 

GLASS (1) 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

482 BOX 2 

483 BOX 2 

484 BOX 2 

485 BOX 2 

486 BOX 2 

487 BOX 2 

488 BOX 2 

489 BOX 2 

490 BOX 2 

491 BOX 2 

492 BOX 2 

493 BOX 2 

494 BOX 2 

495 BOX 2 

496 BOX 2 

497 BOX 2 
Page No. 26 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heiqhts Excavations 

199411996 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

10 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

1 0.0 TABLEWARE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0 4.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

34 4.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 4, STR 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 13.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

3 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

20 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

9 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 NECK SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

17 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

Description I 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

BOTTLE CAP GASKET 

UTENSIL HANDLE 

HOLLOW ROD WITH 

CLOSED END 

CIGARETTE FILTER 

UNIVALVE 

1, LEV. 2 

REDWARE 

WHITEWARE 

WHITEWARE 

PORCELAIN 

PORCELAIN 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 

PLASTIC/ALLJMINU BOSTD 

M 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

SYNTHETIC 

INDETERMINATE SHELL 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN 

UNIDENTIFIED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

PORCELAIN 

PORCELAIN 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

498 BOX 2 

499 BOX 2 

500 BOX 2 

501 BOX 2 

502 BOX 2 

503 BOX 2 

504 BOX 2 

505 BOX 2 

506 BOX 2 

507 BOX 2 

508 BOX 2 

509 BOX 2 

510 BOX 2 

511 BOX 2 

512 BOX 2 

513 BOX 2 

514 BOX 2 

515 BOX 2 

516 BOX 2 

517 BOX 2 

518 BOX 2 

519 BOX 2 

520 BOX 2 
Page No. 21 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

3 0.0 TOY MARBLE 

5 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

16 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

3 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

3 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

70 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

3 

1 

6 

4 

4 

1 

3 

0 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 SCREW 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE COVER 

PLATE 

NICKEL, JEFFERSON 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

BEVERAGE CAN 

PULL-TABS 

CROWN BOTTLE CAPS 

COLLAR/CLAMP 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 

COPPER BOSTD 

COPPER BOSTD 

ALUMINUM/TIN BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

WIRE 

MACHINE MADE, 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

FRAGMENT 

LIGHT BULB BASE 

WIRE AND CONNECTOR 

FERROUS BOSTD 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0.0 ELECTRICAL HARDWARE 

0.0 DOMESTIC ANIMAL GEAR 

0.0 SEED 

4.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

FERROUS BOSTD 

DOG COLLAR 

PEACH PIT 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE/R BOSTD 

UBBER 

LEATHER BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

521 BOX 2 

522 BOX 2 

523 BOX 2 

524 BOX 2 

525 BOX 2 

526 BOX 2 

527 BOX 2 

528 BOX 2 

529 BOX 2 

530 BOX 2 

531 BOX 2 

532 BOX 2 

533 BOX 2 

534 BOX 2 

535 BOX 2 

536 BOX 2 

537 BOX 2 

538 BOX 2 

539 BOX 2 

540 BOX 2 

541 BOX 2 

542 BOX 2 

543 BOX 2 

544 BOX 2 

545 BOX 2 
Page No. 28 

10/14/91 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE ASBESTOS 

FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC 

PLASTIC 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 TOY 

1 0.0 TOY 

1 0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0 13.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

2 0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

30 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

241 31.0 

SYNTHETIC FRAGMENT 

FIGURINE RACE CAR DRIVER PLASTIC BOSTD 

CAR WHEEL PLASTIC BOSTD 

TOOTHBRUSH FRAGMENT PLASTIC BOSTD 

STRAW FRAGMENT PLASTIC BOSTD 

CONCRETE WITH 

QUARTZ 

TAPE FRAGMENTS FROM 

CASSETTE 

INDETERMINATE 

PLASTIC FRAGMENTS 

CONCRETE/QUARTZ BOSTD 

SYNTHETIC BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 4, STR. 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

3 0.0 TOY 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

1, LEV. 3 

WHITEWARE 

UNIDENTIFIED 

EARTHENWARE 

PORCELAIN 

PORCELAIN 

WHITEWARE 

ROCKINGHAM/BENNINGT 

ON 

MARBLES, CLAY 

STEM, 4/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

SPRIG-MOLDED, PORCELAIN BOSTD 

UNDERGLAZE 

MONOCHROME 

UNDECORATED PORCELAIN BOSTD 

TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

D 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

546 BOX 2 

547 BOX 2 

548 BOX 2 

549 BOX 2 

550 BOX 2 

551 BOX 2 

552 BOX 2 

553 BOX 2 

554 BOX 2 

555 BOX 2 

556 BOX 2 

557 BOX 2 

558 BOX 2 

559 BOX 2 

560 BOX 2 

561 BOX 2 

562 BOX 2 
Page No. 29 

10/14/97 

Cnt 

0 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

93 

5 

9 

4 

1 

3 

5 

3 

1 

Qty Object Name Description 1 

21.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0.0 BUTTON 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

FRAGMENT 

PULL-TOP 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 2 

BRICK-FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

PENNY, INDIAN HEAD 

PENNIES, 

LINCOLN/WHEAT 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

PROPHYLACTIC 

WRAPPER 

INDETERMINATE 

WIRE 

WIRE 

C!H&IN LINKS, 

RECTANGULAR 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

Material Catalog No. Location 

BRICK BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

COPPER BOSTD 

COPPER BOSTD 

COPPER BOSTD 

COPPER BOSTD 

ALUMINUMIPLASTI BOSTD 

C 

FERROUS/SYNTHET BOSTD 

IC 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 

ALUMINUM/TIN BOSTD 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

563 BOX 2 

564 BOX 2 

565 BOX 2 

566 BOX 2 

567 BOX 2 

568 BOX 2 

569 BOX 2 

570 BOX 2 

571 BOX 2 

572 BOX 2 

573 BOX 2 

574 BOX 2 

I 

575 BOX 2 

576 BOX 2 

577 BOX 2 

578 BOX 2 

579 BOX 2 

580 BOX 2 

581 BOX 2 

582 BOX 2 

583 BOX 2 584 BOX 2 I 

585 BOX 2 
Page No. 30 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 

3 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

5 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

6 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE CIRCLE, FLAT GLASS 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE MILKGLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

4 

3 

3 

4 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

0 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

OBJECT 

MOLDED BOSTD 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 TOY 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 SCREW 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MARBLES 

WIRE, ELECTRICAL 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS/METAL 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

TEXTILE 

1.0 CHARCOAL 

MACHINE MADE 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

GASKET, CORK 

COMB FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE 

TEXTILE FRAGMENT 

CHARCOAL 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

CARBON BOSTD 

WOOD,CORK 

PLASTIC 

FIBER 

CHARCOAL 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

586 BOX 2 

587 BOX 2 

588 BOX 2 

589 BOX 2 

590 BOX 2 

591 BOX 2 

592 BOX 2 

593 BOX 2 

594 BOX 2 

595 BOX 2 

596 BOX 2 

597 BOX 2 

598 BOX 2 

599 BOX 2 

600 BOX 2 

601 BOX 2 

602 BOX 2 

603 BOX 2 

604 BOX 2 

605 BOX 2 

606 BOX 2 

:* SuDtotal ** 

200 22.5 

:* Provenience TEST UNIT 4, STR. 2, LEV. 1 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE BOWL FRAGMENT EARTHENWARE BOSTD 607 BOX 2 
Page NO. 31 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

0 BODY SHERD 

0 BODY SHERD 

5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 TOBACCO PIPE 

WHITEWARE PLAIN 

PORCELAIN UNDECORATED 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

PORCELAIN BOSTD 

BRICK BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

2 

20 

2 

1 

1 

6 

1 

0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

STEM, S/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2 

5 

5 

0 

2 

0 

0 

27 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0. 

0. 

0. 

9. 

0. 

0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0 BUTTON 

GLASS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 

0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 MISCELLANEOUS 

INDETERMINATE 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

INDETERMINATE 

MANUFACTURE 

PENDANT 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

TUBE, P/64 BORE 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

COPPER BOSTD 

HARDWARE DIAMETER 

0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN .22 CALIBER SHELL 

T CASINGS 

0 NAIL INDETERMINATE 

0 LIGHTING FIXTURE ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENTS 

1 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

0 INDETERMINATE INDETERMINATE CLAY ROUND AND 

CERAMIC OBJECT OBJECTS UNBAKED 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

CARBON BOSTD 

SHELL BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

608 BOX 2 

609 BOX 2 

610 BOX 2 

611 BOX 2 

612 BOX 2 

613 BOX 2 

614 BOX 2 

615 BOX 2 

616 BOX 2 

617 BOX 2 

618 BOX 2 

619 BOX 2 

620 BOX 2 

621 BOX 2 

622 BOX 2 

623 BOX 2 

624 BOX 2 

625 BOX 2 

626 BOX 2 

627 BOX 2 

628 BOX 2 

629 BOX 2 

630 BOX 2 
Page No. 32 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

62 36.6 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 4, STR. 2, LEV. 2 

0 3.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 0.0 BUTTON 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 0.5 COAL 

0 0.1 CINDERS/CLINKERS 

** Subtotal ** 

8 4.4 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 4, STR 

0 1.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

** Subtotal ** 

2 1.9 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 4, STR 

1 0.0 NAIL 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 4-HOLE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

STEM, INDETERMINATE 

BORE DIAMETER 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

2, LEV. 5 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

2, LEV. 7 

INDETERMINATE 

BRICK BOSTD 631 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 632 BOX 2 

GLASS BOSTD 633 BOX 2 

FERROUS BOSTD 634 BOX 2 

FERROUS BOSTD 635 BOX 2 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 636 BOX 2 

COAL BOSTD 637 BOX 2 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 638 BOX 2 

S 

BRICK 

CARBON 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 639 BOX 2 

BOSTD 640 BOX 2 

BOSTD 641 BOX 2 

BOSTD 642 BOX 2 
Page No. 33 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 4, STR. 

0 1660 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

3 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

3 1660 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 

1 0 

15 0 

4 0 

10 

5 0 

2 0 

0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 TOY 

2 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0 1.3 COAL 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

3 0.0 SPORTS EQUIPMENT 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

1 0.0 ELECTRICAL HARDWARE 

** Subtotal ** 

39 1.3 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

2, LEV. 8 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

1, LEV. 1 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MARBLE FRAGMENT 

BEVERAGE CAN 

PULL-TABS 

COAL 

CUP FRAGMENT 

TENNIS BALL 

FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

WIRE 

BRICK BOSTD 643 BOX 2 

FERROUS BOSTD 644 BOX 2 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

ALUMINUM 

BOSTD 

B'OSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

COAL BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

RUBBER BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

BONE 

PLASTIC COATING INDETERMINATE 

(BLACK) METAL/PLASTIC 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 1, LEV. 2 

9 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

645 BOX 3 

646 BOX 3 

647 BOX 3 

648 BOX 3 

649 BOX 3 

650 BOX 3 

651 BOX 3 

652 BOX 3 

653 BOX 3 

654 BOX 3 

655 BOX 3 

656 BOX 3 

657 BOX 3 

658 BOX 3 

659 BOX 3 
Page No. 34 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

8 0.0 BODY SHERD 

2 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 7.6 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

64 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

6 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

6 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 NECK SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

9 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

8 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

6 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 NAIL 

2 0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

WHITEWARE POSSIBLE EARTHENWARE 

HANDPAINTED 

PORCELAIN UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

BOWL FRAGMENT EARTHENWARE 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE MILKGLASS 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE FERROUS 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP FERROUS 

FRAGMENTS 

CROWN BOTTLE CAPS FERROUS 

BEVERAGE CAN FERROUS 

PULL-TAB 

CURVED FRAGMENT FERROUS 

WITH LOOP ON ONE 

END 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

660 BOX 3 

661 BOX 3 

662 BOX 3 

663 BOX 3 

664 BOX 3 

665 BOX 3 

666 BOX 3 

667 BOX 3 

668 BOX 3 

669 BOX 3 

670 BOX 3 

671 BOX 3 

672 BOX 3 

673 BOX 3 

674 BOX 3 

675 BOX 3 

676 BOX 3 

677 BOX 3 

678 BOX 3 

679 BOX 3 

680 BOX 3 

681 BOX 3 

682 BOX 3 

683 BOX 3 

684 BOX 3 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 
Page No. 35 

10/14/97 

I 

Cnt 

! 

1 

1 

1 

! 

0 

1 

0 

0 

5 

Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

0.0 BUCKLE 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

6.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 STATIONERY 

0.5 COAL 

0.1 CHARCOAL 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

155 14.5 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

BUCKLE FERROUS 

WIRE FERROUS 

FOIL, ALUMINUM ALUMINUM 

CONCRETE FRAGMENT 

ERASER 

COAL 

CHARCOAL 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

CIGARETTE FILTER 

CONCRETE 

RUBBER 

COAL 

CHARCOAL 

PLASTIC 

SYNTHETIC 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, FEAT. 1, LEV. 1 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD CREAMWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD PORCELAIN 

0 0.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0 1.5 COAL ZOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

8 1.7 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 2, LEV. 1 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

PLAIN 

PLAIN 

EARTHENWARE 

PORCELAIN 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

COAL 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

0 BODY SHERD 

0 BODY SHERD 

ROCKINGHAM/BENNINGT EARTHENWARE 

ON 

PEARLWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

685 BOX 3 

686 BOX 3 

687 BOX 3 

688 BOX 3 

689 BOX 3 

690 BOX 3 

691 BOX 3 

692 BOX 3 

693 BOX 3 

694 BOX 3 

695 BOX 3 

696 BOX 3 

691 BOX 3 

698 BOX 3 

699 BOX 3 

700 BOX 3 

701 BOX 3 

702 BOX 3 

703 BOX 3 

704 BOX 3 

705 BOX 3 

706 BOX 3 
Page No. 36 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

2 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1 0.0 BUTTON MOLDED 4-HOLE PLASTIC 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE ARC LAMP ROD CARBON 

FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 NAIL MACHINE CUT, FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

1 0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE BOTTLE CAP FERROUS 

0 2.0 COAL COAL COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

26 2.9 

BOSTD 707 BOX 3 

BOSTD 708 BOX 3 

BOSTD 709 BOX 3 

BOSTD 710 BOX 3 

BOSTD 711 BOX 3 

BOSTD '712 BOX 3 

BOSTD 713 BOX 3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, FEAT. 2, LEV. 1 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

BOSTD 714 BOX 3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 3, LEV. 1 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

2 0.0 RIM SHERD WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD PORCELAIN UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

0 3.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE STEM, 4/64 BORE EARTHENWARE 

DIAMETER 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS POSSIBLE DECORATIVE GLASS 

OBJECT 

28 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

6 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

6 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE GLASS 

BOSTD 715 BOX 3 

BOSTD 716 BOX 3 

BOSTD 717 BOX 3 

BOSTD 718 BOX 3 

BOSTD 719 BOX 3 

BOSTD 720 BOX 3 

BOSTD 721 BOX 3 

BOSTD 722 BOX 3 

BOSTD 723 BOX 3 

BOSTD 724 BOX 3 

BOSTD 725 BOX 3 

BOSTD 726 BOX 3 
Page No. 37 

10/14/97 

cnt Qty Object Name 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD. BOTTLE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD; BOTTLE 

1 0.0 STATIONERY 

0 11.1 COAL 

4 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

2 0.0 NAIL 

2 0.0 NAIL 

0 1.2 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0 0.2 CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

66 15.9 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

0 1.0 

6 0.0 

10 0.0 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

0 0.9 

** Subtotal 

23 1.9 

RIM SHERD 

TOBACCO PIPE 

STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

NAIL 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

TOY 

INDETERMINATE 

MINERAL OBJECT 

SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

INDETERMINATE MELTED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

PENCIL FRAGMENT SLATE 

COAL 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

INDETERMINATE 

MACHINE CUT, 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

CHARCOAL 

3, LEV. 2 

PORCELAIN 

STEM, 4/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

BAND WITH THREE 

SLITS 

DOLL'S LEGS 

INDETERMINATE 

MINERAL OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

SHELL 

CHARCOAL 

UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

COPPER ALLOY 

PORCELAIN 

INDETERMINATE 

SHELL 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

727 BOX 3 

728 BOX 3 

729 BOX 3 

730 BOX 3 

731 BOX 3 

732 BOX 3 

733 BOX 3 

734 BOX 3 

735 BOX 3 

736 BOX 3 

737 BOX 3 

738 BOX 3 

739 BOX 3 

740 BOX 3 

741 BOX 3 

742 BOX 3 

743 BOX 3 

744 BOX 3 

745 BOX 3 

746 BOX 3 
Page No. 38 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 14.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 NAIL 

0 0.1 CHARCOAL 

0 8.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 9.3 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

14 31.9 

3, LEV. 3 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

REDWARE UNIDENTIFIED 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

INDETERMINATE 

CHARCOAL 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

BIVALVE INDETERMINATE 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 6.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 4.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 7.4 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

1 18.1 

3, LEV. 4 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

BRICK 

CONCRETE 

BIVALVE INDETERMINATE 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 3, LEV. 5 

0 3.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

0 1.4 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) BIVALVE INDETERMINATE 

0 14.3 WOOD SAMPLE WOOD SAMPLE 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

STONEWARE BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

BRICK BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

CHARCOAL 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

SHELL 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

STONEWARE BOSTD 

BRICK BOSTD 

CONCRETE BOSTD 

SHELL BOSTD 

BRICK 

FERROUS 

SHELL 

WOOD 

747 BOX 3 

748 BOX 3 

749 BOX 3 

750 BOX 3 

751 BOX 3 

752 BOX 3 

753 BOX 3 

754 BOX 3 

755 BOX 3 

756 BOX 3 

757 BOX 3 

758 BOX 3 

759 BOX 3 

760 BOX 3 

761 BOX 3 

762 BOX 3 

763 BOX 3 

BOSTD 764 BOX 3 

BOSTD 765 BOX 3 

BOSTD 766 BOX 3 

BOSTD 767 BOX 3 
Page No. 39 

10/14/9? 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

** Subtotal ** 

1 18.7 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 3, LEV. 6 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

0 1.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 0.1 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

0 1.5 WOOD SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

1 3.5 

WOOD SAMPLE 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 3, LEV. 7 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITE SALT GLAZED PLAIN 

STONEWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

1 0.0 NAIL MACHINE CUT, 

INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

5 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 3, LEV. 8 

7 0.0 BODY SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

5 0.0 BASAL SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

4 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

0 0.2 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

19 0.2 

STONEWARE 

BRICK 

SHELL 

WOOD 

STONEWARE 

STONEWARE 

FERROUS 

STONEWARE 

STONEWARE 

FERROUS 

GLASS 

CHARCOAL 

BOSTD 768 BOX 3 

BOSTD 769 BOX 3 

BOSTD 770 BOX 3 

BOSTD 771 BOX 3 

BOSTD 772 BOX 3 

BOSTD 773 BOX 3 

BOSTD 774 BOX 3 

BOSTD 780 BOX 3 

BOSTD 781 BOX 3 

BOSTD 782 BOX 3 

BOSTD 783 BOX 3 

BOSTD 784 BOX 3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, FEAT. 3 

0 6.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 785 BOX 3 

27 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS BOSTD 786 BOX 3 
Page No. 40 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

15 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

2 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

8 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

7 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

LEATHER 

0 13.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 1.7 INDETERMINATE WOOD 

OBJECT 

0 0.3 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

63 22.1 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 

0 29.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

** Subtotal ** 

0 29.8 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

FIBEROUS MATERIAL, LEAD 

POSSIBLE INSULATORS 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE SHOE 

FRAGMENT 

CONCRETE FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE WOOD 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

4, LEV. 1 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, FEAT. 3 

1 0.0 TOILETRY CHAMBER POT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR. 4, LEV. 1 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

LEATHER 

CONCRETE 

WOOD 

SHELL 

BRICK 

ENAMELED FERROUS 

MILKGLASS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

787 BOX 3 

788 BOX 3 

789 BOX 3 

790 BOX 3 

791 BOX 3 

792 BOX 3 

793 BOX 3 

194 BOX 3 

795 BOX 3 

797 BOX 3 

796 BOX 3 

798 BOX 3 
~ Page No. 41 

10/14/97 

cnt Qty Object Name 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 5, STR 

0 1140 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 1.5 INDETERMINATE WOOD 

OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 1142 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, SOD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, STR 

2 0.0 

0 15.7 

2 0.0 

58 0.0 

10 0.0 

10 0.0 

3 0.0 

4 0.0 

1 0.0 

1 0.0 

5 0.0 

91 0.0 

10 0.0 

BODY SHERD 

STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

1, LEV. 1 

WHITEWARE 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

MOLDED 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

4, LEV. 2 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE WOOD WOOD 

OBJECT 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

199 BOX 3 

800 BOX 3 

801 BOX 3 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

PLAIN 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

802 BOX 3 

803 BOX 3 

804 BOX 3 

805 BOX 3 

806 BOX 3 

807 BOX 3 

808 BOX 3 

809 BOX 3 

810 BOX 3 

811 BOX 3 

812 BOX 3 

813 BOX 3 

814 BOX 3 

815 BOX 3 
Page No. 42 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt 

7 

19 

1 

2 

1 

7 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

0 

0 

7 

1 

Qty Object Name Description 1 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 BUTTON 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

27.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

9.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLY DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

CAN/BOTTLE OPENER 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

UNIDENTIFIED 

BEVERAGE CAN 

PULL-TAB 

IRON RODS, BENT 

ASPHALT FRAGMENTS 

CONCRETE FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC FRAGMENTS 

CIGARETTE BUTT 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

MILKGLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE 

ALUMINUM/TIN 

FERROUS 

ASPHALT 

CONCRETE 

PLASTIC 

SYNTHETIC 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

816 BOX 3 

817 BOX 3 

818 BOX 3 

819 BOX 3 

820 BOX 3 

821 BOX 3 

822 BOX 3 

823 BOX 3 

824 BOX 3 

825 BOX 3 

826 BOX 3 

827 BOX 3 

828 BOX 3 

829 BOX 3 

830 BOX 3 

831 BOX 3 

832 BOX 3 

833 BOX 3 

834 BOX 3 

835 BOX 3 

** Subtotal ** 

258 113.1 
Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, STR 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 

0 

1 

3 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

12.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 TOY 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 

39 

1 

0.0 NECK SHERD. BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD; BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

18 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

16 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 

73 

3 

2 

9 

8 

1 

4 

4 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

PLAIN 

PLAIN 

UNIDENTIFIED 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

MARBLE 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

BRICK BOSTD 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

MILKGLASS BOSTD 

836 BOX 3 

837 BOX 3 

838 BOX 3 

839 BOX 3 

840 BOX 3 

841 BOX 3 

842 BOX 3 

843 BOX 3 

844 BOX 3 

845 BOX 3 

846 BOX 3 

847 BOX 3 

848 BOX 3 

849 BOX 3 

850 BOX 3 

851 BOX 3 

852 BOX 3 

853 BOX 3 

854 BOX 3 

855 BOX 3 

856 BOX 3 

857 BOX 3 
Page No. 44 

10/14/97 

cnt 

1 

1 

2 

1 

9 

1 

1 

0 

Qty Object Name 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 SCREW 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0.0 BUTTON 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

2.1 COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

209 14.4 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, STR. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

2, LEV. 1 

REDWARE 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 6.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

WHITEWARE 

PORCELAIN 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BOWL 

MOLDED 

8 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

24 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

8 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

3 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE INDETERMINATE 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heiahts Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 

PULL-TAB 

INDETERMINATE 

COMB FRAGMENTS 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

BUTTON OR BEAD 

FRAGMENT 

COAL 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

CONICAL AND 

RIDGED 

FLAT AND ROUND 

UNIDENTIFIED 

LEAD GLAZED 1 

SURFACE 

PLAIN 

UNDECORATED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

ALUMINUM/TIN 

FERROUS 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

PLASTIC 

RUBBER 

GLASS 

COAL 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

PORCELAIN 

BRICK 

EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

858 BOX 3 

859 BOX 3 

860 BOX 3 

861 BOX 3 

862 BOX 3 

863 BOX 3 

864 BOX 3 

865 BOX 3 

866 BOX 3 

867 BOX 3 

868 BOX 3 

869 BOX 3 

870 BOX 3 

871 BOX 3 

872 BOX 3 

873 BOX 3 

874 BOX 3 

875 BOX 3 

876 BOX 3 

877 BOX 3 

878 BOX 3 

879 BOX 3 
Page No. 45 

10/14/97 

Cnt 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

0 

Qty Object Name Description 1 

0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

5. 

0 NAIL 

0 NAIL 

0 STAPLE 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0 BUTTON 

9 COAL 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

WIRE 

STAPLE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

ALUMINUM FOIL 

GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

COPPER ALLOY 

ALUMINLJM 

UNIDENTIFIED 2-HOLE INDETERMINATE 

COAL COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

78 11.9 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, STR. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 2.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

23 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD, DRINKING 

VESSEL 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

7 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS 

2, LEV. 2 

WHITEWARE PLAIN 

PORCELAIN UNDECORATED 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

REDWARE PLAIN 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

EARTHENWARE 

PORCELAIN 

STONEWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

880 BOX 3 

881 BOX 3 

882 BOX 3 

883 BOX 3 

884 BOX 3 

885 BOX 3 

886 BOX 3 

887 BOX 3 

888 BOX 3 

889 BOX 3 

890 BOX 3 

891 BOX 3 

892 BOX 3 

893 BOX 3 

894 BOX 3 

895 BOX 3 

896 BOX 3 

898 BOX 3 

899 BOX 3 

900 BOX 3 

901 BOX 3 
Page No. 46 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 NAIL INDETERMINATE 

4 0.0 NAIL WIRE 

0 8.0 WOOD SAMPLE PJOOD FRAGMENT 

0 0.5 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

46 10.6 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, STR. 2, LEV. 3 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD CREAMWARE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD PORCELAIN 

0 11.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

22 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

WOOD 

SHELL 

OTHER EARTHENWARE 

EDGE-DECORATED, 

GILTED 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

BRICK 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

6 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS POSSIBLE DECORATIVE GLASS 

OBJECT 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS DOOR LATCH FERROUS 

HARDWARE 

1 0.0 LIGHTING HARDWARE ARC LAMP ROD CARBON 

FRAGMENT 

0 3.0 sPEcmm (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE SHELL 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 902 BOX 3 

BOSTD 903 BOX 3 

BOSTD 904 BOX 3 

BOSTD 905 BOX 3 

BOSTD 906 BOX 3 

BOSTD 907 BOX 3 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

908 BOX 3 

909 BOX 3 

910 BOX 3 

911 BOX 3 

912 BOX 3 

913 BOX 3 

914 BOX 3 

915 BOX 3 

916 BOX 3 

917 BOX 3 

918 BOX 3 

919 BOX 3 

920 BOX 3 

921 BOX 3 

922 BOX 3 

923 BOX 3 
Page No. 47 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

50 14.9 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, STR. 2, LEV. 4 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

0 0.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

16 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, DRINKING MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

VESSEL 

4 0.0 NAIL INDETERMINATE FERROUS 

1 0.0 STAPLE STAPLE FERROUS 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

0 25.8 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE SHELL 

** Subtotal ** 

35 26.7 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, FEAT. 1, LEV. 1 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD WHITEWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE 

** Subtotal ** 

2 0.0 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 6, FEAT. 1, LEV. 2 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

0 0.6 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

FERROUS 

CHARCOAL 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 924 BOX 3 

BOSTD 925 BOX 3 

BOSTD 926 BOX 3 

BOSTD 927 BOX 3 

BOSTD 928 BOX 3 

BOSTD 929 BOX 3 

BOSTD 930 BOX 3 

BOSTD 931 BOX 3 

BOSTD 932 BOX 3 

BOSTD 933 BOX 3 

BOSTD 934 BOX 3 

BOSTD 935 BOX 3 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

936 BOX 3 

937 BOX 3 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

938 BOX 3 

939 BOX 3 
Page No. 48 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.6 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, STR. 1, LEV. 1 

3 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

15 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

64 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

1 0.0 NAIL 

1 0.0 STAPLE 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

2 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT , 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

99 0.0 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

INDETERMINATE 

STAPLE 

WIRE 

ALUMINUM FOIL 

FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, STR 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 5.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

16 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

32 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1, LEV. 2 

WHITEWARE 

UNIDENTIFIED 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

Description 2 Material 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

ALUMINUM 

PLASTIC 

Catalog NO. Location 

BOSTD 940 BOX 4 

BOSTD 941 BOX 4 

BOSTD 942 BOX 4 

BOSTD 943 BOX 4 

BOSTD 944 BOX 4 

BOSTD 945 BOX 4 

BOSTD 946 BOX 4 

BOSTD 947 BOX 4 

BOSTD 948 BOX 4 

BOSTD 949 BOX 4 

BOSTD 950 BOX 4 

BOSTD 951 BOX 4 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 952 BOX 4 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 953 BOX 4 

BRICK BOSTD 954 BOX 4 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 955 BOX 4 

GLASS BOSTD 956 BOX 4 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS BOSTD 957 BOX 4 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS BOSTD 958 BOX 4 
Page No. 49 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

8 

1 

1 

I 2 

1 

I : 

I 1 13 

1 2' 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0.0 STAPLE 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0.0 TOILETRY 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

STAPLE 

INDETERMINATE 

WIRE 

KEY CHAIN FRAGMENT 

SAFETY PIN HEAD 

BOLT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

ALUMINUM FOIL 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

I 

I ': 

0 

0 

0 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0.0 TOILETRY 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

PENNY, LINCOLN COPPER BOSTD 

NICKEL, JEFFERSON COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 

WIRE COPPER BOSTD 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

1.1 CINDERS/CLINKERS 

8.2 COAL 

0.3 CHARCOAL 

COMB TOOTH, BENT 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENTS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

ROOFING PAPER 

BEAD, FACETED 

FOIL, SAFETY SEAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

COAL 

CHARCOAL 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

199411996 

Description 2 Material 

GLASS 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

ALUMINUM BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

CARBON BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

SYNTHETIC BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

ALUMINUM BOSTD 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 

S 

COAL BOSTD 

CHARCOAL BOSTD 

959 BOX 4 

960 BOX 4 

961 BOX 4 

962 BOX 4 

963 BOX 4 

964 BOX 4 

965 BOX 4 

966 BOX 4 

961 BOX 4 

968 BOX 4 

969 BOX 4 

970 BOX 4 

971 BOX 4 

972 BOX 4 

973 BOX 4 

974 BOX 4 

975 BOX 4 

976 BOX 4 

977 BOX 4 

981 BOX 4 

979 BOX 4 

980 BOX 4 

978 BOX 4 

982 BOX 4 

983 BOX 4 
Page No. 50 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

102 14.9 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, STR. 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 6.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

7 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

1 0.0 NAIL 

1 0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0 1.6 COAL 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

CERAMIC OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

20 7.8 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, STR. 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE 

0 1.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

1, LEV. 3 

STEM, 4164 BORE EARTHENWARE 

DIAMETER 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

WIRE FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE 

CIGARETTE HOLDER 

COAL 

CLAY BALL ERODED 

FERROUS 

COPPER ALLOY 

COAL 

EARTHENWARE 

2, LEV. 1 

PORCELAIN UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

WHITEWARE TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

STEM, 4/64 BORE EARTHENWARE 

DIAMETER 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

.BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

984 BOX 4 

985 BOX 4 

986 BOX 4 

987 BOX 4 

988 BOX 4 

989 BOX 4 

990 BOX 4 

991 BOX 4 

992 BOX 4 

993 BOX 4 

994 BOX 4 

995 BOX 4 

996 BOX 4 

997 BOX 4 

998 BOX 4 

999 BOX 4 

1000 BOX 4 

1001 BOX 4 

1002 BOX 4 
Page No. 51 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 

5 0 0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

2 0 0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0 0 RIM SHERD, DRINKING 

VESSEL 

10 0 BUTTON 

1 0 0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

2 0 0 NAIL 

1 0 0 GAME 

0 23 9 COAL 

2 0 0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

1 0.0 STATIONERY 

0 2.6 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

22 27.7 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, STR. 

0 4.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0 16.8 CINDERS/CLINKERS 

0 2.4 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0 2.2 COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

2 25.8 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

MOLDED 4-HOLE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

GAME PIECE, JACK 

COAL 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENTS 

PENCIL FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

MILKGLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

COAL 

CARBON 

SLATE 

SHELL 

2, LEV. 2 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

INDETERMINATE 

COAL 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, STR. 2, LEV. 3 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS NUT 

HARDWARE 

Material Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1003 BOX 4 

1004 BOX 4 

1005 BOX 4 

1006 BOX 4 

1007 BOX 4 

1008 BOX 4 

1009 BOX 4 

1010 BOX 4 

1011 BOX 4 

1012 BOX 4 

1013 BOX 4 

BRICK BOSTD 1014 BOX 4 

FERROUS BOSTD 1015 BOX 4 

CARBON BOSTD 1016 BOX 4 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 1017 BOX 4 

S 

SHELL 

COAL 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 1018 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1019 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1020 BOX 4 
Page No. 52 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Eescription 1 Description 2 Material 

0 13.1 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE SHELL 

** Subtotal ** 

1 13.1 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, STR. 2, LEV. 4 

0 0.3 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

0 5.0 sP~c~r+m (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE SHELL 

** Subtotal ** 

0 5.3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, FEAT. 1, LEV. 1 

0 5.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE SHELL 

** Subtotal ** 

0 5.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, FEAT. 1, LEV. 3 

1 0.0 NAIL HAND WROUGHT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, FEAT. 1, LEV. 4 

1 0.0 NAIL INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

f* Subtotal ** 

2 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 7, FEAT. 1, LEV. 5 

3 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS SPIKES 

HARDWARE 

** Subtotal ** 

3 0.0 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1021 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1022 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1023 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1024 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1025 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1026 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1027 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1028 BOX 4 
Page No. 53 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1, LEV. 1 

REDWARE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

2 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

11 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

6 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

24 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

1 

1 

2 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HOUSEHOLD OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0.6 COAL 

6.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

PULL-TAB ALUMINUM 

1 

2 

1 

1 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

WIRE 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

ALUMINUM FOIL 

10 

6 

0 

0 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECTS 

COAL 

CONCRETE FRAGMENT 

LEAD GLAZED 1 

SURFACE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

POSSIBLE CANDY 

WRAPPER 

EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

COPPER 

ALUMINUM 

SYNTHETIC 

PLASTIC 

COAL 

CONCRETE 

BOSTD 1029 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1030 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1031 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1032 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1033 BOX 4 

BQSTD 1034 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1035 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1036 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1037 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1038 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1039 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1040 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1041 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1042 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1043 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1044 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1045 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1046 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1047 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1048 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1049 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1050 BOX 4 
Page No. 54 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 1, LEV. 2 

0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

0.0 RIM SHERD PORCELAIN 

0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE 

0.0 BODY SHERD PORCELAIN 

1 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

UNDERGLAZE PORCELAIN 

HANDPAINTED 

MPNOCHROME 

EARTHENWARE 

0 

1 

2 

124 

9 

44 

22 

0.0 TOBACCO PIPE STEM, 5/64 BORE 

DIAMETER 

6.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

BRICK 

GLASS 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED GLASS 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

7 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE POSSIBLE MIRROR 

FRAGMENT (1) 

GLASS 

GLASS 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

26 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

13 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

79 6.7 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1051 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1052 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1053 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1054 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1055 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1056 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1057 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1058 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1059 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1060 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1061 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1062 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1063 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1064 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1065 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1066 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1067 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1068 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1069 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1070 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1071 BOX 4 
Page No. 55 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 

3 

1 

11 

.O PERSONAL OBJECT 

.O BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

.O BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

.O INDETERMINATE GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

4 0.0 NAIL 

1 0.0 NAIL 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

9 

1 

2 

13 

1 

1 

1 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 COIN 

0.0 SCREW 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT 

0.0 TOILETRY 

0.0 PERSONAL 

BEAD 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

MACHINE CUT, 

INDETERMINATE 

WIRE 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

SHOE EYELET 

SAFETY PIN HEAD 

PENDANT MOTIF: DUCK 

WEARING A HAT 

FERROUS 

COPPER 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

INDETERMINATE METAL 5 HOLES IN TOP 

OBJECT 

CROWN BOTTLE CAP 

FRAGMENTS 

PENNY, LINCOLN 

COAL 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

RUBBER BAND 

INDETERMINATE 

COPPER ALLOY 

INDETERMINATE 

COPPER ALLOY 

1 INDETERMINATE 

8 FERROUS 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE 

0.0 COIN 

2.2 COAL 

0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

1.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

COPPER 

COAL 

PLASTIC 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

CARBON 

0.0 STATIONERY 

3.8 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

RUBBER 

SHELL 

BOSTD 1072 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1073 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1074 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1075 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1076 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1077 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1078 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1079 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1080 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1081 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1082 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1083 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1084 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1085 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1086 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1087 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1088 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1089 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1090 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1091 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1092 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1093 BOX 4 

** Subtotal ** 

334 14.1 
Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

t* Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 2, LEV. 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

45 

7 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

5 

2 

4 

3 

3 

1 

1 

16 

1 

1 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

3. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

BODY SHERD 

BODY SHERD 

BODY SHERD 

TOBACCO PIPE 

STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

PERSONAL OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

LIGHTING FIXTURE 

NAIL 

NAIL 

WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

WHITEWARE TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

UNIDENTIFIED EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

BOWL FRAGMENT EARTHENWARE 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

MOLDED MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

BEADS PEA-SIZED MILKGLASS 

POSSIBLE DECORATIVE GLASS 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE FERROUS 

WIRE FERROUS 

0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN .22 CALIBER SHELL COPPER 

T CASING 

0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT RIVET, CLOTHING COPPER 

0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT OBJECT 

0.0 BOTTLE CLOSURE CROWN BOTTLE CAP NECK SHERD FERROUS 

ATTACHED 

0.0 STATIONERY PENCIL FRAGMENT SLATE 

BOSTD 1094 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1095 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1096 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1097 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1098 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1099 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1100 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1101 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1102 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1103 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1104 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1105 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1106 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1107 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1108 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1109 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1110 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1111 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1112 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1113 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1114 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1115 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1116 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1117 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1118 BOX 4 
Page No. 

10/14/97 

Cnt 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1.5 

1.3 

0.4 

BUTTON MOLDED 4-HOLE 

INDETERMINATE MOLDED FRAGMENT 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

PERSONAL OBJECT 

PERSONAL OBJECT 

LIGHTING FIXTURE 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

COMB TEETH 

CUFF-LINK 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENTS 

COAL 

CINDERS/CLINKERS 

CHARCOAL 

** 

CHARCOAL 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

PLASTIC BOSTD 

CARBON BOSTD 

COAL BOSTD 

CINDERS/CLINKER BOSTD 

S 

CHARCOAL BOSTD 

1119 BOX 4 

1120 BOX 4 

1121 BOX 4 

1122 BOX 4 

1123 BOX 4 

1124 BOX 4 

1125 BOX 4 

1126 BOX 4 

** Subtotal 

110 7.1 

57 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

6.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

BODY SHERD 

BODY SHERD 

TOBACCO PIPE 

STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

BUTTON 

NAIL 

COIN 

GAME 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

2, LEV. 2 

YELLOWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1127 BOX 4 

WHITEWARE PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1128 BOX 4 

STEM, 5/64 BORE EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1129 BOX 4 

DIAMETER 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED CONTACT 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 4-HOLE 

INDETERMINATE 

PENNY, INDIAN HEAD 

GAME PIECE, JACK 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

MO1 ,DED 

BRICK BOSTD 1130 BOX 4 

GLASS BOSTD 1131 BOX 4 

GLASS BOSTD 1132 BOX 4 

GLASS BOSTD 1133 BOX 4 

GLASS BOSTD 1134 BOX 4 

GLASS BOSTD 1135 BOX 4 

GLASS BOSTD 1136 BOX 4 

GLASS BOSTD 1137 BOX 4 

MILKGLASS BOSTD 1138 BOX 4 

FERROUS BOSTD 1139 BOX 4 

COPPER BOSTD 1140 BOX 4 

FERROUS BOSTD 1141 BOX 4 

FERROUS BOSTD 1142 BOX 4 
Page No. 58 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heiohts Excavations 

199411996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL TUBES 

OBJECT 

1 0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN .22 CALIBER SHELL 

T CASING 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

3 0.0 SPEcIMEiv (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

0 7.6 COAL COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

33 13.6 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 3, LEV. 2 

1 0.0 NAIL INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 3, LEV. 3 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITE SALT GLAZED 

STONEWARE 

0 10.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 0.3 smcmm (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

1 10.3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 4, LEV. 1 

0 0.3 COAL COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, FEAT. 1 

0 15.0 WOOD SAMPLE WOOD FRAGMENT 

Description 2 Material 

VARIOUS LENGTHS COPPER 

COPPER 

CARBON 

BONE 

COAL 

FERROUS 

PLAIN 

BURNED 

STONEWARE 

BRICK 

BONE 

COAL BOSTD 1152 BOX 4 

WOOD BOSTD 1153 BOX 4 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1143 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1144 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1145 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1146 BOX 4 

BOSTD 114.7 BOX 4 

BOSTD ll.48 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1149 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1150 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1151 BOX 4 
Page No. 59 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

** Subtotal ** 

0 15.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, FEAT. 2, LEV. 1 

0 0.3 STRUCTUIiAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.3 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, FEAT. 3 

0 0.8 WOOD SAMPLE WOOD FRAGMENT 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.8 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 1 

0 300.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 300.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 2 

0 440.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 440.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 3 

0 250.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 250.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 3, LEV. 4 

0 31.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 31.0 

BRICK 

WOOD 

SOIL 

SOIL 

SOIL 

SOIL 

BOSTD 1154 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1155 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1156 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1157 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1158 BOX 4 

BOSTD 1159 BOX 4 
Page NO. 60 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

C* Provenience TEST UNIT 8, STR. 4 

0 390.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE SOIL 

C* Subtotal ** 

0 390.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, FEAT. 1, LEV. 5 

0 1340 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE SOIL 

** Subtotal ** 

0 1340 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 8, FEAT. 2 

0 540.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE SOIL 

i* Subtotal ** 

0 540.0 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 10, STR. 1 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.5 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 10, STR. 2 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.5 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 10, STR. 3 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.5 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 10, STR. 4 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

SOIL 

SOIL 

SOIL 

SOIL 

am 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1160 BOX 5 

BOSTD 1161 BOX 5 

BOSTD 1162 BOX 5 

BOSTD 1163 BOX 11 

BOSTD 1164 BOX 11 

BOSTD 1165 BOX 11 

BOSTD 1166 BOX 11 
page NO. 61 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.5 

** Provenience TEST UNIT 11, STR. 3 

0 161.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 NAIL MACHINE CUT, 

INDETERMINATE 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

0 0.8 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

5 161.9 

** Provenience TRENCH 1, STR. 1 

0 1.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 1.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 1, STR. 2 

0.6 SOIL SAMPLE 

1 ** Sibtotal ** 

SOIL SAMPLE 

0.6 

** Provenience TRENCH 1, STR. 3 

0 0.7 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.7 

** Provenience TRENCH 1, STR. 4 

I 0 0.6 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

SHELL 

BONE 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1167 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1168 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1169 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1170 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1171 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1172 BOX 13 

SOIL 

SOIL 

SOIL 

BOSTD 1173 BOX 11 

BOSTD 1174 BOX 11 

BOSTD 1175 BOX 11 

SOIL BOSTD 1176 BOX 11 
Page No. 62 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.6 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Provenience TRENCH 1, STR. 5 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.5 

** Provenience TRENCH 1, FEAT. 1 

0 0.7 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.7 

** Provenience TRENCH 1, FEAT. 2 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

*f Subtotal ** 

0 0.5 

** Provenience TRENCH 1-1, DITCH FILL 

0 0.9 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.9 

SOIL 

SOIL 

SOIL 

WOOD 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1177 BOX 11 

BOSTD 1178 BOX 11 

BOSTD 1179 BOX 11 ~ 

BOSTD 1180 BOX 13 

** Provenience TRENCH 1, BACKHOE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD PORCELAIN UNDECORATED PORCELAIN BOSTD 1181 BOX 6 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 1182 BOX 6 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED MACHINE-MADE GLASS BOSTD 1183 BOX 6 

MANUFACTURE 

1 0.0 COIN FIFTY CENT PIECE COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 1184 BOX 6 

1 0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE BONE BOSTD 1185 BOX 13 
Page NO. 63 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

5 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 2, DITCH FILL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

0 0.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

** Subtotal ** 

3 0.3 

** Provenience TRENCH 2, STR. 1 

0 0.7 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.7 

** Provenience TRENCH 2, STR. 1A 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.5 

** Provenience TRENCH 2, STR. 2 

0 1.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 1.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 2, STR. 3 

0 0.6 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

k* Subtotal ** 

0 0.6 I 

** Provenience TRENCH 2-1, DITCH FILL 

I O 

2.0 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

STONEWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

SOIL 

SOIL 

CHARCOAL 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1186 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1187 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1188 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1189 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1190 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1191 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1192 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1193 BOX 13 
Page No. 64 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

** Subtotal ** 

1 2.0 

GLASS BOSTD 1194 BOX 6 

** Provenience TRENCH 3-2, STR. 3 

0 0.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

3 0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN MUSKET BALL LEAD 

BOSTD 1195 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1196 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1197 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1198 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1199 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1200 BOX 13 

0 0.2 ;OIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE SOIL 

0 32.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD 

0 4.0 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

4 36.5 

** Provenience TRENCH 3-2, STR. 4A 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

2 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN MUSKET BALL 

T 

** Subtotal ** 

4 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 3-2, STR. 4B 

0 9.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN MUSKET BALL 

T 

** Subtotal ** 

1 9.0 

GLASS 

GLASS 

LEAD 

BRICK 

LEAD 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1201 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1202 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1203 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1204 BOX 6 ! 

BOSTD 1205 BOX 6 
Page No. 65 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** 

** 

** 

** 

** 

** 

** 

Provenience TRENCH 3-2, STR. 4A 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

0 2.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

Subtotal ** 

1 2.0 

Provenience TRENCH 3-2, FEAT. 1 

0 3.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER 

Subtotal ** 

0 3.0 

Provenience TRENCH 3-4, STR. 1 

0 0.4 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

Subtotal ** 

0 0.4 

Provenience TRENCH 3-4, STR. 2 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

Subtotal ** 

0 0.5 

Provenience TRENCH 3-4, 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, 

INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0 0.6 SOIL SAMPLE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

STR. 3 

INDETERMINATE 

VESSEL 

T-BRACE 

SOIL SAMPLE 

WHITEWARE 

WHITEWARE 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

PLAIN 

PLAIN 

Catalog No. Location 

FERROUS BOSTD 1206 BOX 6 

SOIL BOSTD 1207 BOX 12 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1208 BOX 6 

SOIL BOSTD 1209 BOX 12 

SOIL BOSTD 1210 BOX 12 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

SOIL 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

STONEWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

STONEWARE 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1211 BOX 6 

1212 BOX 6 

1213 BOX 12 

1214 BOX 6 

1215 BOX 6 

1216 BOX 6 

1217 BOX 6 

1218 BOX 6 
Page No. 66 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

0 7.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0 7.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

14 14.6 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

REDWARE EARTHENWARE 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE SYNTHETIC 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD 

** Provenience TRENCH 3-4, STR. 4 

0 0.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

6 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE FREE BLOWN 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE BLOWN MOLDED 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE BLOWN MOLDED 

0 0.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

12 0.6 

SOIL 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BRICK 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 1224 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1225 BOX I 

BOSTD 1226 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1227 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1228 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1229 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1230 BOX 7 

** Provenience TRENCH 3-4, FEAT. 4 

0 58.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER 

** Subtotal ** 

0 58.0 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1231 BOX 7 

** Provenience TRENCH 3-5, STR. 3 

1 0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT KEY 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 1232 BOX 7 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1219 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1220 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1221 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1222 BOX 6 

BOSTD 1223 BOX 13 
Page No. 67 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

* :* Provenience TRENCH 3-5, FILL 

0 2.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

2 0.0 NECK SHERD, BOTTLE 

5 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 0.3 COAL 

** Subtotal ** 

7 2.3 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

COAL 

BRICK 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

COAL 

BOSTD 1233 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1234 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1235 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1236 BOX 7 

** Provenience TRENCH 3-4, STR. 5 

0 0.2 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.2 

** Provenience TRENCH 4, CLEANING 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD WHITEWARE 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD WHITEWARE 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

2 

1 

4 

Ir 

4.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0.0 BODY SHERD, MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

rl II IL em m n ,n 

PLAIN 

UNIDENTIFIED 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED 

MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

SOIL BOSTD 1237 BOX 12 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1238 BOX 7 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1239 BOX 7 

STONEWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 1240 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1241 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1242 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1243 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1244 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1245 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1246 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1247 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1248 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1249 BOX 7 

nnn. 9R n 
Page No. 68 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No.. Location 

2 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE LAMP CHIMNEY 

FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN MUSKET BALL 

T 

1 0.0 PERSONAL OBJECT CIGARETTE PACKAGE 

FOIL 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

0 0.7 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

GLASS 

LEAD 

ALUMINUM 

FERROUS 

CHARCOAL 

41 4. 

** Proveni 

0 28 

2 0 

10 

6 0 

1 0 

1 0 

6 0 

7 

ence TRENCH 4-1, STR. 3 

0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE FREEBLOWN GLASS 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN MUSKET BALL LEAD 

T 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

0 6.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD 

0 2.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

** Subtotal ** 

17 36.0 

BOSTD 1250 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1251 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1252 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1253 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1254 BOX 13 ~ 

BOSTD 1255 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1256 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1257 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1258 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1259 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1260 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1261 BOX 7 

BOSTD 1262 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1263 BOX 7 

** Provenience TRENCH 4-1, FEAT. 12 

0 5.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 1264 BOX 8 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE FREEBLOWN GREEN GLASS BOSTD 1265 BOX 8 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 1266 BOX 8 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 
Page No. 69 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

I Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Provenience TRENCH 4-2, STR. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

I 0 0.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

I l 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 NECK SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 25.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 4.0 COAL 

0 3.0 smcmm (UNWORKED) 

3 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

** Subtotal ** 

10 37.0 

Description 1 Description 2 

FREEBLOWN 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

COAL 

SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

ROOFING TILES 

3 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE METALLIC SLIP 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

FREEBLOWN 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE BLOWN MOLDED 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

6 0.1 

** Provenience TRENCH 4-2, STR. 4 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 4-2, FEAT. 5 

0 0.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 0.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 0.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

Material Catalog No. Location 

GLASS BOSTD 1267 BOX 8 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1268 BOX 8 

COAL BOSTD 1269 BOX 8 

WOOD BOSTD 1270 BOX 13 

SLATE BOSTD 1271 BOX 8 

STONEWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 1272 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1273 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1274 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1275 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1276 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1277 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1278 BOX 8 

GLASS BOSTD 1279 BOX 8 

BRICK 

BRICK 

BRICK 

GLASS 

BOSTD 1280 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1281 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1282 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1283 BOX 8 
Page No. 70 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

I Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

0 13.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD 

** Subtotal ** 

1 14.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-1, FEAT. 6 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD. FREEBLOWN GLASS 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

4 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

0 5.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD 

0 3.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE SHELL 

0 18.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) MAMMAL DIAGNOSTIC BONE 

** Subtotal ** 

7 26.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-l. FEAT. 9 

1 0.0 BODY FREEBLOWN 

SHERD,INDETERMINATE 

7 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL LEAD BALL 

OBJECT 

0 47.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0 9.0 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

9 56.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-1, FEAT. 10 

0 1.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE FREEBLOWN 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

LEAD 

WOOD 

CHARCOAL 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1284 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1285 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1286 BOX 8 

BOSTD 1287 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1288 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1289 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1290 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1291 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1292 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1293 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1294 BOX 13 

BOSTD 12Y5 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1296 BOX 9 

BOSTD 12Y7 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1298 BOX 9 
Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

6 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT OBJECTS 

** Subtotal ** 

17 1.0 

BOSTD 1299 BOX 9 

Page No. 71 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

** Provenience TRENCH 5.1, FEAT. 13 

0 440.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE SOIL 

** Subtotal ** 

0 440.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-1, FEAT. 13A 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0 0.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL ROOFING TILE 

** Subtotal ** 

2 0.5 

GLASS 

BRICK 

SLATE 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-1, FEAT. 14 

0 640.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

** Subtotal ** 

0 640.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-1, FEAT. 15 

0 0.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE GLASS 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0 0.2 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.6 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-1, FEAT. 16 

0 0.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK 

'-0-m 

BOSTD 1300 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1302 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1301 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1303 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1304 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1305 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1306 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1307 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1308 BOX 9 
Page No. 12 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE GLASS 

Description 2 Material 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0 0.3 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE SOIL 

0 40.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD 

** Subtotal ** 

1 40.4 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-2, FEAT. 11 

0 17.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

0 7.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0 1.6 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

1 0.6 WOOD SAMPLE WOOD CHIP 

0 0.5 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

0 3.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

4 29.7 

BRICK 

MILKGLASS 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-2, FEAT. 11A 

0 0.3 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.3 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-2, FEAT. 15 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

WOOD 

WOOD 

WOOD 

CHARCOAL 

SHELL 

SHELL 

GLASS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1309 BOX 9 

BOSTD 1310 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1311 BOX 13 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1312 BOX 

1313 BOX 

1314 BOX 

1315 BOX 

.O 

.O 

1316 BOX 13 

1317 BOX 13 

1318 BOX 13 

1319 BOX 13 

1320 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1321 BOX 

BOSTD 1322 BOX 
rPage NO. 73 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-2, FEAT. 20 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL LARGE POST FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL SMALL POST 

FRAGMENTS 

** Subtotal ** 

2 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 5-2, FEAT. 25 

1 0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 6, FEAT. 5 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE LAMP CHIMNEY 

FRAGMENTS 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 6, FEAT. 8 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE FREEBLOWN 

6 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE LAMP CHIMNEY 

FRAGMENTS 

** Subtotal ** 

7 0.0 

WOOD 

WOOD 

WOOD 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1323 REFRIGERA 

TOR 

STORAGE 

BOSTD 1324 REFRIGERA 

TOR 

STORAGE 

BOSTD 1325 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1326 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1327 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1328 BOX 10 

** Provenience TRENCH 6, FEATURE 27 

3 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE LAMP CHIMNEY GLASS BOSTD 1329 BOX 10 

-ill, 

FRAGMENTS 

---II)--- II--am-m- 
Page No. 74 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

3 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 6, FEATURE 8 

2 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE LAMP CHIMNEY 

FRAGMENTS 

** Subtotal ** 

2 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 6, FEATURE 11B 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

** Subtotal ** 

2 0.0 

PLAIN 

** Provenience TRENCH 6, FEATURE 18 

0 1.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 1.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 6. FILL 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 6-1, FEAT. 5, STR. 2 

0 106.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

** Subtotal ** 

0 106.0 

GLASS 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

BRICK 

Catalog No.. Location 

BOSTD 1330 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1331 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1332 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1333 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1334 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1335 BOX 10 
Page No. 75 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Provenience TRENCH 6-1, STR 3 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

3 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

23 0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

29 0.0 

STONEWARE 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CARBON 

SHELL 

** Provenience TRENCH 6-1, FEAT. 5 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 6-1, FEAT. 5, STR. 2 

0 2.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 2.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 6-1, FEAT. 8 

0 6.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

0 6.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-1, STR. 3 

7 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

8 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

0 0.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 BODY.SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

0mr-I-m 

FERROUS 

SOIL 

WOOD 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1336 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1337 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1338 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1339 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1340 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1341 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1342 BOX 12 

BOSTD 1343 BOX 13 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1344 BOX 10 

LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1345 BOX 10 

SURFACE 

BRICK BOSTD 1346 BOX 10 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 1347 BOX 10 
mmmmmII)mB 

““a 

rmmme5m 

Page NO. 76 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE GLASS 

1 0.0 NAIL MACHINE CUT, FERROUS 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 40.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 0.2 COAL 

0 5.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

1 0.0 CHARCOAL 

2 22.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

23 67.6 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-1, STR. 4 

0 0.6 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

16 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 4.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

16 4.6 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-1, FEAT. 

0 4.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

8 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 4.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 4.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

12 12.0 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

COAL 

SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

CHARCOAL 

MAMMAL DIAGNOSTIC 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BLOWN MOLDED 

BRANCH FRAGMENT 1 END CUT 

3 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BLOWN MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

COAL 

WOOD 

CHARCOAL 

BONE 

BOSTD 1348 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1349 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1350 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1351 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1352 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1353 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1354 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1355 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1356 BOX 13 

BRICK BOSTD 1357 BOX 10 

GLASS BOSTD 1358 BOX 10 

WOOD BOSTD 1359 BOX 13 

BRICK BOSTD 1360 BOX 10 

GLASS BOSTD 1361 BOX 10 

GLASS BOSTD 1362 BOX 10 

FERROUS BOSTD 1363 BOX 10 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1364 BOX 10 

WOOD BOSTD 1365 BOX 13 
Page No. 77 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-1, FEAT. 21A 

0 0.0 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-1, FEAT. 22 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE PLAIN 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD PEARLWARE PLAIN 

0 60.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED MACHINE-MADE 

MANUFACTURE 

** Subtotal ** 

4 60.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-2, STR. 3 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 50.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

4 0.0 NAIL 

3 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 68.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 8.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0 10.0 CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

14 136.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-2, STR. 3A 

1 0.0 HANDLE UNIDENTIFIED 

CREAMWARE MOLDED, 

BASKETWEAVE 

DECORATION 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BLOWN MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MACHINE CUT, 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

CHARCOAL 

STONEWARE 

Material 

CHARCOAL 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

GLASS 

GLASS 

FERROUS 

FERROUS 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

WOOD 

CHARCOAL 

STONEWARE 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1366 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1367 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1368 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1369 BOX 10 

BOSTD 1370 BOX 10 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1371 BOX 10 

1372 BOX 10 

1373 BOX 10 

1374 BOX 10 

1375 BOX 10 

1376 BOX 10 

1377 BOX 10 

1378 BOX 13 

1379 BOX 13 

BOSTD 1380 BOX 10 
Page No. 78 

10/14/97 

cnt Qty Object Name 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 0.0 NAIL 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

6 0.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-2, STR. 

0 3.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

4 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 NECK SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 151.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 12.0 CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

7 166.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-2, FEAT. 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD 

5 0.0 NAIL 

28 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 12.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 1.0 SOIL SAMPLE 

0 6.0 CHARCOAL 

0 37.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

BLOWN MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 1381 BOX 10 

MACHINE CUT, FERROUS BOSTD 1382 BOX 10 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS BOSTD 1383 BOX 10 

OBJECT 

4 

BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 1384 BOX 10 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 1385 BOX 10 

BLOWN MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 1386 BOX 10 

BLOWN MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 1387 BOX 10 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS BOSTD 1388 BOX 10 

OBJECT 

MORTAR/PLASTER MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1389 BOX 10 

FRAGMENT 

CHARCOAL CHARCOAL BOSTD 1390 BOX 13 

LI 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

MACHINE CUT, 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECTS 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

SOIL SAMPLE 

CHARCOAL 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

STONEWARE BOSTD 

STONEWARE BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS BOSTD 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

SOIL 

CHARCOAL 

BRICK 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1391 BOX 10 

1392 BOX 10 

1393 BOX 10 

1394 BOX 10 

1395 BOX 10 

1396 BOX 12 

1397 BOX 13 

1398 BOX 10 
Page No. 79 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

** Subtotal ** 

35 56.0 

** Provenience TRENCH 7-2. FEAT. 23 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXThE LAMP CHIMNEY GLASS BOSTD 

FRAGMENTS 

0 173.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 

0 0.5 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL CHARCOAL BOSTD 

0 0.8 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) MAMMAL UNDIAGNOSTIC BONE BOSTD 

** Subtotal ** 

1 174.3 

** Provenience STP N1080/E970, STR.l 

2 0.0 TOY CLAY MARBLES 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

** Subtotal ** 

4 0.0 

EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1403 BOX 10 

CARBON BOSTD 1404 BOX 10 

FERROUS BOSTD 1405 BOX 10 

** Provenience UNIT A, FEAT 31, STF?A 1, LV 1 

0 0.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 

0 1.6 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 

0 3.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 

1 7.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BUILDING STONE MORTAR ATTACHED SLATE BOSTD 

** Subtotal ** 

1 13.8 

** Provenience UNIT A, FEAT 31, STRA 1, LV 2 

0 0.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 

0 0.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 

0 43.1 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) BIVALVE MYA ARENARIA SHELL BOSTD 

1399 BOX 10 

1400 BOX 10 

1401 BOX 13 

1402 BOX l3 

1406 BOX 14 

1407 BOX 14 

1408 BOX 14 

1409 BOX 14 

1410 BOX 14 

1411 BOX 14 

1412 BOX 15 
Page No. 80 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

0 

0 

0 

6 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

REDWARE 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

3.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

3.7 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

0.0 BODY SHERD 

0.0 BASAL SHERD 

0.0 NAIL 

0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

5.9 CHARCOAL 

0.2 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

REDWARE 

LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACES 

LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE BOSTD 

REDWARE 

SURFACE 

LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACE 

FERROUS 

MORTAR ATTACHED STONE 

CHARCOAL 

WOOD 

BOSTD 

INDETERMINATE 

BUILDING STONE 

CHARCOAL 

WOOD FRAGMENT 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1413 BOX 16 

1414 BOX 16 

1415 BOX 16 

1416 BOX 16 

1417 BOX 16 

1418 BOX 16 

1419 BOX 16 

1420 BOX 16 

1421 BOX 15 

1422 BOX 15 

** Subtotal ** 

I.0 58.1 

** Provenience UNIT A, FEAT 31, 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience UNIT A, FEAT 31, 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD 

0 2.7 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 0.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 0.4 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 71.2 s~~cmm (UNWORKED) 

STRA 1, LV 4 

REDWARE 

STRA 1, LV 3 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

BIVALVE 

LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACE 

LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACE 

LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACES 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

BRICK 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

MYA ARENARIA SHELL 

BOSTD 1423 BOX 17 

BOSTD 1424 BOX 17 

BOSTD 1425 BOX 17 

BOSTD 1426 BOX 17 

BOSTD 1427 BOX 17 

BOSTD 1428 BOX 17 

BOSTD 1429 BOX 15 
Page No. 81 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

** Subtotal ** 

3 75.2 

** Provenience UNIT A. FEAT 31. STRA 1. LV 4 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD 

0 4.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 3.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 1.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 108.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 17.1 CHARCOAL 

REDWtiE 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

INDETERMINATE 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

CHARCOAL 

0 49.7 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) BIVALVE 

** Subtotal ** 

6 185.2 

~ ** Provenience 1 0.0 INDETERMINATE UNIT A, FEAT 31, STRA INDETERMINATE 1, LV 6 

CERAMIC OBJECT CERAMIC OBJECT 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE GLASS INDETERMINATE 

OBJECT 

0 65.9 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD FRAGMENT 

0 2.5 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) BIVALVE 

2 3.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK 

** Subtotal ** 

6 71.4 

** Provenience UNIT A, FEAT 31, INTRUSIVE POST 

1 29.0 WOOD SAMPLE POST 

W-P II-I,---- 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACES 

LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACE 

BRICK 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

GLASS 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

CHARCOAL 

MYA ARENARIA SHELL 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1430 BOX 17 

1431 BOX 17 

1432 BOX 17 

1433 BOX 17 

1434 BOX 17 

1435 BOX 17 

1436 BOX 17 

1437 BOX 17 

1438 BOX 15 

1439 BOX 15 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 1440 BOX 18 

GLASS 

GLASS 

WOOD 

MYA ARENARIA SHELL 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

WOOD 

BOSTD 1441 BOX 18 

BOSTD 1442 BOX 18 

BOSTD 1443 BOX 15 

BOSTD 1444 BOX 15 

BOSTD 1445 BOX 18 

BOSTD 1446 BOX 15 
Page NO. 82 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

** Subtotal ** 

1 29.0 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Provenience MISCELLANEOUS SURFACE AND STRA 1 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE INDETERMINATE 

CERAMIC OBJECT CERAMIC OBJECT 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD PORCELAIN 

1 0.0 TOY CANNON 

** Subtotal ** 

3 0.0 

** Provenience WALL OFF OF NE CORNER OF MONUMENT 

0 1.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 233.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER 

** Subtotal ** 

0 235.0 

** Provenience UNIT A, BACKHOE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience UNIT A, FEAT 32 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience UNIT A, STRA 3 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

0 141.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 146.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

7 0.0 NAIL WIRE 

PORCELAIN BOSTD 

UNDECORATED PORCELAIN 

PLASTIC 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

STONEWARE 

LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACES 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

FERROUS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1447 BOX 18 

1448 BOX 18 

1449 BOX 18 

1450 BOX 18 

1451 BOX 18 

1452 BOX 18 

1453 BOX 18 

1455 BOX 18 

1456 BOX 18 

1457 BOX 18 

1458 BOX 18 
Page No. 83 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 

1 0.0 NAIL INDETERMINATE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

1 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD INDETERMINATE 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD, INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

0 97.3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER 

0 4.4 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD FRAGMENT 

** Subtotal ** 

17 389.5 

** Provenience UNIT B, FEAT 31, STRA 1, LV 1 

0 380.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 270.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 300.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER 

** Subtotal ** 

0 950.0 

** Provenience UNIT B, FEAT 31, STRA 1, LV 2 

0 220.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL, BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 350.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 520.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER 

** Subtotal ** 

0 1090 

** Provenience UNIT B, FEAT 31, STRA 1, LV 3 

0 1.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 70.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT 

0 93.8 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

I 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE MOLDED 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

FERROUS BOSTD 1459 BOX 18 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 1460 BOX 18 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS BOSTD 1461 BOX 18 

MANUFACTURE 

GLASS BOSTD 1462 BOX 18 

GLASS BOSTD 1463 BOX 18 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1464 BOX 18 

WOOD BOSTD 1465 BOX 15 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 1466 BOX 19 

BRICK BOSTD 1467 BOX 19 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1468 BOX 19 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 1469 BOX 19 

BRICK BOSTD 1470 BOX 19 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1471 BOX 19 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 1472 BOX 19 

BRICK BOSTD 1473 BOX 19 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1474 BOX 19 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS BOSTD 1475 BOX 19 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS BOSTD 1476 BOX 19 
Page No. 84 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

0 9.3 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL CHARCOAL BOSTD 1477 BOX 15 

0 0.3 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD FRAGMENT WOOD BOSTD 1478 BOX 15 

** Subtotal ** 

2 175.2 

** Provenience UNIT B, FEAT 31, STRA 1, LV 4 

0 490.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 1479 BOX 19 

0 49.7 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 1480 BOX 19 

0 360.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1481 BOX 19 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BUILDING STONE MORTAR ATTACHED SLATE BOSTD 1482 BOX 19 

** Subtotal ** 

1 899.7 

** Provenience UNIT B, FEAT 31, STRA 1, LV 5 

0 1.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 1483 BOX 20 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 1484 BOX 20 

0 3.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1485 BOX 20 

** Subtotal ** 

2 5.1 

** Provenience UNIT B, FEAT 31, STRA 1, LV 6 

0 68.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 1486 BOX 20 

0 4.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 1487 BOX 20 

0 0.7 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL MORTAR/PLASTER MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1488 BOX 20 

2 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BUILDING STONE MORTAR ATTACHED SLATE BOSTD 1489 BOX 20 

0 8.8 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD FRAGMENT WOOD BOSTD 1490 BOX 15 

** Subtotal ** 

2 82.0 

** Provenience UNIT B, FEAT 31, STRA 2 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE STONEWARE BOSTD 1491 BOX 20 

0 130.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 1492 BOX 20 

0 214.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK FRAGMENT BRICK BOSTD 1493 BOX 20 
Page No. 85 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 NAIL 

0 139.9 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 19.3 INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

0 1.7 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

** Subtotal ** 

3 505.6 

** Provenience UNIT B, STRA 3 

1 0.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD 

0 274.6 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 RIM SHERD, 

INDETERMINATE VESSEL 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 WINDOW GLASS SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

1 0.0 NAIL 

1 0.0 LIGHTING FIXTURE 

0 44.2 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 0.3 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

Description 1 

BUILDING STONE 

INDETERMINATE 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

INDETERMINATE 

SYNTHETIC OBJECT 

BIVALVE 

BUILDING STONE 

UNIDENTIFIED 

EARTHENWARE 

PEARLWARE 

WHITEWARE 

BRICK FRAGMENT 

WHITEWARE 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

MOLDED 

INDETERMINATE 

ARC LAMP ROD 

FRAGMENT 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

BIVALVE 

Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

MORTAR ATTACHED SLATE BOSTD 1494 BOX 20 

FERROUS BOSTD 1495 BOX 20 

MORTAR/PLASTER BOSTD 1496 BOX 20 

INDETERMINATE BOSTD 1497 BOX 20 

MYA ARENARIA SHELL BOSTD 1498 BOX 15 

STONE 

EARTHENWARE 

TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

PLAIN EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

TRANSFER-PRINTE EARTHENWARE 

D 

GLASS 

MACHINE-MADE GLASS 

MANUFACTURE 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

GLASS 

CONTACT MOLDED GLASS 

FERROUS 

CARBON 

MORTAR/PLASTER 

MYA ARENARIA SHELL 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1499 BOX 20 

1500 BOX 20 

1501 BOX 20 

1502 BOX 20 

1503 BOX 20 

1504 BOX 20 

1505 BOX 20 

1506 BOX 20 

1507 BOX 20 

1508 BOX 20 

1509 BOX 20 

1510 BOX 20 

1511 BOX 20 

1512 BOX 20 

1513 BOX 20 

1514 BOX 15 
Page No. 86 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

17 319.1 

** Provenience UNIT B, FEAT 31, WALL 

0 2.6 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 2.6 

** Provenience NORTHEAST CORNER OF MONUMENT, SURFACE FIND 

1 0.0 COIN PENNY,INDIAN HEAD 

** Subtotal ** 

1 0.0 

** Provenience UNIT B 

3 0.0 SPECIMEN 

** Subtotal ** 

3 0.0 

STRA 1 

MAMMAL 

** Provenience UNIT C, FEAT 38, 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

5 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD 

2 0.0 BASAL SHERD 

2 0.0 RIM SHERD 

19 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

2 0.0 BODY SHERD, 

INDETERMINATE 

STRA 4 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

INDETERMINATE 

INDETERMINATE 

SOIL 

COPPER 

DIAGNOSTIC BONE 

PLAIN 

LEAD GLAZED 2 

SURFACES 

LEAD GLAZED 1 

SURFACE 

LEAD GLAZED 2 

SURFACES 

LEAD GLAZED 1 

SURFACE 

LEAD GLAZED 2 

SURFACES 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

GLASS 

GLASS 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1515 BOX 21 

BOSTD 1516 BOX 20 

BOSTD 1517 BOX 15 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1518 BOX 20 

1519 BOX 20 

1520 BOX 20 

1521 BOX 20 

1522 BOX 20 

1523 BOX 20 

1524 BOX 20 

1525 BOX 20 
Page No. 87 

10/14/97 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material Catalog No. Location 

3 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 21.9 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

4 0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

7 

! 

11.1 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

** Subtotal ** 

FREEBLOWN GLASS 

BIVALVE CRASSOSTREA SHELL 

VIRGINICA 

MAMMAL DIAGNOSTIC BONE 

BRICK MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

BOSTD 1526 BOX 20 

BOSTD 1527 BOX 15 

BOSTD 1528 BOX 15 

BOSTD 1529 BOX 20 

47 33.0 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

I 

, ** Provenience UNIT C, FEAT 38, STRA 4 FLOOR 

I 2 0.0 TOBACCO PIPE STEMS, 4/64 BORE EARTHENWARE 

0 1.1 SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

DIAMETER 

SOIL SAMPLE SOIL 

A 1.1 

** Provenience UNIT C!. FEAT 39, STF?A 4 

10 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

25 

5 

1 

0 

0 

7 

BOSTD 1530 BOX 20 

BOSTD 1531 BOX 21 

0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1532 BOX 22 

SURFACES 

0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1533 BOX 22 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

11 

8 

0 

BRICK 

SPIKE 

0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

7 CHARCOAL 

4 smcmm (UNWORKED) 

0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

SURFACE 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

1534 BOX 22 

1535 BOX 22 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

INDETERMINATE 

FREEBLOWN 

INDETERMINATE 

CHARCOAL 

BIVALVE MYA ARENARIA 

INDETERMINATE UNDIAGNOSTIC 

FERROUS BOSTD 

FERROUS 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

GLASS BOSTD 

CHARCOAL BOSTD 

SHELL BOSTD 

BONE BOSTD 

1536 BOX 22 

1537 BOX 22 

1538 BOX 22 

1539 BOX 22 

1540 BOX 22 

1541 BOX 15 

1542 BOX 15 

1543 BOX 15 
Page No. 88 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

58 23.1 

** Provenience UNIT C, FEAT 39, STF?A 4 FLOOR 

1 1.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK 

** Subtotal ** 

1 1.5 

** Provenience UNIT C, FEAT 34, INSIDE DRAIN 

0 22.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 22.0 

** Provenience UNIT D, FEAT 39, STF?A 4 

MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK 

WOOD 

79 

3 

3 

1 

2 

9 

4 

2 

2 

9 

0 

2 

58 

0 

0 BODY SHERD 

0 BODY SHERD 

0 BODY SHERD 

0 RIM SHERD 

0 BASAL SHERD 

0 INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT 

0 NAIL 

0 MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE 

3 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL 

4 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) 

0 smcrMm (UNWORKED) 

REDWARE LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACES 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

REDWARE 

LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACE 

LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACES 

LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACES 

REDWARE LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE 

SURFACES 

INDETERMINATE METAL FERROUS 

OBJECT 

HAND WROUGHT FERROUS 

SPIKE FERROUS 

BOSTD 

1546 BOX 22 

1547 BOX 22 

1548 BOX 22 

1549 BOX 22 

1550 BOX 22 

1551 BOX 22 

BOSTD 1552 BOX 22 

BOSTD 1553 BOX 22 

INDETERMINATE GLASS BOSTD 1554 BOX 22 

BRICK MORTAR ATTACHED BRICK BOSTD 1555 BOX 22 

BIVALVE MYA ARENARIA SHELL BOSTD 1556 BOX 15 

MAMMAL (IMMATURE) DIAGNOSTIC BONE BOSTD 1557 BOX 15 

Catalog No. Location 

BOSTD 1544 BOX 22 

BOSTD 1545 BOX 15 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 

BOSTD 
Page No. 89 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

cnt Qty Object Name 

0 0.1 CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

116 72.8 

Description 1 Description 2 Material 

CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Provenience UNIT D, FEAT 39, STRA 4 FLOOR 

0 3.0 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK 

1 0.0 COIN ONE CENT PIECE 

0 42.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) WOOD SAMPLE 

0 7.4 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) BIVALVE 

4 0.0 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) MAMMAL 

0 680.0 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

5 732.4 

** Provenience UNIT E, FEAT 39, STRA 4 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD REDWARE 

MYA MARINARIA 

DIAGNOSTIC 

LEAD GLAZED 2 

SURFACES 

LEAD GLAZED 2 

SURFACES 

1 1.5 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BRICK 

2 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

0 3.1 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

5 4.6 

** Provenience UNIT G, FEAT 39, STRA 3-4 TRANSITIONAL 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE PLAIN 

1 0.0 RIM SHERD REDWARE PLAIN 

1 0.0 INDETERMINATE METAL INDETERMINATE METAL 

OBJECT OBJECT 

CHARCOAL 

BOSTD 1565 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1566 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1567 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1568 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1569 BOX 15 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

FERROUS 

BOSTD 1570 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1571 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1572 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1573 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1574 BOX 15 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE GLASS 

0 1.6 SPECIMEN (UNWORKED) BIVALVE MYA ARENARIA SHELL 

mmr-mmm I-DmmmmD 

BRICK 

COPPER 

WOOD 

SHELL 

BONE 

SOIL 

EARTHENWARE 

EARTHENWARE 

BRICK 

FERROUS 

Catalog No, Location 

BOSTD 1558 BOX 15 

BOSTD 1559 BOX 22 

BOSTD 1560 BOX 22 

BOSTD 1561 BOX 15 

BOSTD 1562 BOX 15 

BOSTD 1563 BOX 15 

BOSTD 1564 BOX 21 
Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excavations 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Subtotal ** 

4 1.6 

Catalog No. Location 

** Provenience UNIT G, FEAT 39, STRA 4 FLOOR 

0 2.5 SOIL SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE 

** Subtotal ** 

0 2.5 

** Provenience UNIT H. FEAT 39, STRA 4 

3 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

1 0.0 MISCELLANEOUS SPIKE 

HARDWARE 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD, BOTTLE FREEBLOWN 

** Subtotal ** 

5 0.0 

** Provenience UNIT I, FEAT 39, STRA 4 

7 0.0 BODY SHERD REDWARE 

0 0.1 CHARCOAL CHARCOAL 

** Subtotal ** 

SOIL BOSTD 1575 BOX 21 

LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1576 BOX 23 

SURFACES 

FERROUS BOSTD 1577 BOX 23 

GLASS BOSTD 1578 BOX 23 

LEAD GLAZED 2 EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1579 BOX 23 

SURFACES 

CHARCOAL BOSTD 1580 BOX 15 

** Provenience UNIT K, FEAT 41 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD REDUARE LEAD GLAZED 1 EARTHENWARE BOSTD 1581 BOX 23 

SURFACE 

2 0.0 BASAL SHERD DOMESTIC STONEWARE 

1 0.0 BODY SHERD, BOTTLE INDETERMINATE 

** Subtotal ** 

BOSTD 1582 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1583 BOX 23 

4 0.0 
Page No. 91 

10/14/97 

Boston National Historical Park 

Dorchester Heights Excav~at:...?:, 

1994-1996 

Cnt Qty Object Name Description 1 Description 2 Material 

** Provenience UNIT K, FEAT 31, STRA 4 

0 0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN EPAULET 

T 

0 0.0 WEAPONRY/ACCOUTREMEN EPAULET 

T 

** Subtotal ** 

0 0.0 

** Provenience UNIT C, FEAT 38, STRA 4 

13 0.0 PARTIAL VESSEL, FREEBLOWN 

RECONSTRUCTED 

** Subtotal ** 

13 0.0 

** Provenience UNIT C, FEAT 39, STRA 4 

17 0.0 PARTIAL VESSEL, FREEBLOWN 

RECONSTRUCTED 

1 0.0 BASAL SHERD FREEBLOWN 

** Subtotal ** 

18 0.0 

*** Total *** 

4797 16908 

Catalog No. Location 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 1584 BOX 23 

AND FIBER 

COPPER ALLOY BOSTD 1585 BOX 23 

AND FIBER 

GLASS 

GLASS 

GLASS 

BOSTD 1586 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1587 BOX 23 

BOSTD 1588 BOX 23