Mt An 4 (3-99)

Hogs and Pigs National

Agricultural

Statistics

Service

USDA

Washington, D.C.

Released March 26, 1999, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of

Agriculture. For information on "Hogs and Pigs" call Greg Matli at 202-720-3106, office hours 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET.

U.S. Hog Inventory Down 1 Percent

U.S. inventory of all hogs and pigs on March 1, 1999, was 59.9 million head. This was 1

percent below March 1998, and 4 percent below December 1, 1998.

Breeding inventory, at 6.53 million head, was down 6 percent from March 1, 1998 and down

2 percent from December 1, 1998. Market hog inventory, at 53.3 million head, was slightly

above last year, but 4 percent below last quarter.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 2 NASS, USDA

The December 1998-February 1999 U.S. pig crop, at 25.3 million head, was 1 percent less

than 1998, but 9 percent more than 1997. Sows farrowing during this period totaled 2.89

million head, 1 percent below last year. The sows farrowed during this quarter represented 43

percent of the breeding herd. The average pigs per litter rose to an average of 8.73 pigs saved

per litter for the December-February period, compared to 8.70 pigs last year. Pigs saved per

litter by size of operation ranged from 7.60 for operations with 1-99 hogs to 8.90 for operations

with more than 5,000 hogs and pigs.

U.S. hog producers intend to have 2.88 million sows farrow during the March-May 1999

quarter, 7 percent below the actual farrowings during the same period in 1998 and 1 percent

below 1997. Intended farrowings for June-August 1999, at 2.84 million sows, are 7 percent

below the same period last year and 4 percent below 1997.

The total number of hogs under contract, owned by operations with over 5,000 head, but raised

by contractees, accounted for 30 percent of the total U.S. hog inventory.

Revisions

All inventory and pig crop estimates for March 1998 through December 1998 were reviewed

using final pig crop, official slaughter, import, and export data in U.S. level balance sheets. 

Based on the findings of this review, small adjustments of less than one half percent were made

to the inventory level for December 1. Adjustments of less than one half percent were made to

pig crops for September-November.

This report was approved on March 26, 1999.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Michael V. Dunn

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Rich Allen
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 3 NASS, USDA
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 4 NASS, USDA

Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Class, Weight Group,

and Quarter, United States, 1997-99 1

Item 1997 1998 1999

1999 as % of

1997 1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent Percent

March 1 Inventory

 All Hogs and Pigs

 Kept for Breeding

 Market

 Market Hogs and Pigs

 by Weight Groups

 Under 60 Pounds

 60-119 Pounds

 120-179 Pounds

 180 Pounds and Over

June 1 Inventory

 All Hogs and Pigs

 Kept for Breeding

 Market

 Market Hogs and Pigs

 by Weight Groups

 Under 60 Pounds

 60-119 Pounds

 120-179 Pounds

 180 Pounds and Over

September 1 Inventory

 All Hogs and Pigs

 Kept for Breeding

 Market

 Market Hogs and Pigs

 by Weight Groups

 Under 60 Pounds

 60-119 Pounds

 120-179 Pounds

 180 Pounds and Over

December 1 Inventory

 All Hogs and Pigs

 Kept for Breeding

 Market

 Market Hogs and Pigs

 by Weight Groups

 Under 60 Pounds

 60-119 Pounds

 120-179 Pounds

 180 Pounds and Over

55,049

6,637

48,412

18,490

11,627

9,858

8,437

57,366

6,789

50,577

19,988

12,574

10,002

8,013

60,456

6,858

53,598

20,662

13,388

10,673

8,875

61,158

6,957

54,200

20,237

13,319

11,188

9,457

60,163

6,942

53,220

20,192

12,791

10,774

9,464

62,213

6,958

55,254

21,482

13,711

11,084

8,978

63,488

6,875

56,612

21,189

14,032

11,555

9,837

62,206

6,682

55,523

20,140

13,631

11,585

10,168

59,851

6,527

53,323

19,804

12,764

10,970

9,786

109

98

110

107

110

111

116

99

94

100

98

100

102

103

1 May not add due to rounding.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 5 NASS, USDA

Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pig Crop and Pigs Per Litter,

United States, 1997-99 1

Item 1997 1998 1999

1999 as % of

1997 1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent Percent

Sows Farrowing

 Dec-Feb 2

 Mar-May 3

 Dec-May 2 4

 Jun-Aug 3

 Sep-Nov

 Jun-Nov

Pig Crop

 Dec-Feb 2

 Mar-May

 Dec-May 2

 Jun-Aug

 Sep-Nov

 Jun-Nov

2,684

2,911

5,595

2,946

2,939

5,884

23,164

25,229

48,394

25,696

25,494

51,190

2,929

3,086

6,014

3,054

2,993

6,047

25,480

26,989

52,469

26,634

25,902

52,535

2,892

2,879

5,771

2,841

25,250

108

99

103

96

109

99

93

96

93

99

Number Number Number Percent Percent

Pigs per Litter

 Dec-Feb 2

 Mar-May

 Dec-May 2

 Jun-Aug

 Sep-Nov

 Jun-Nov

8.63

8.67

8.65

8.72

8.67

8.70

8.70

8.75

8.72

8.72

8.65

8.69

8.73 101 100

1 May not add due to rounding. 2 December preceding year. 3 Intentions for 1999. 4 Actual farrowings for December-February 1999 plus intentions for March-May 1999.

Pigs per Litter: By Size of Operation, United States, 1998-99

Pig Crop

Pigs per Litter on Operations Having

1-99

Head

100-499

Head

500-999

Head

1,000-1,999

Head

2,000-4,999

Head

5,000+

Head

Number Number Number Number Number Number

1998

Dec-Feb 1

Mar-May

Jun-Aug

Sep-Nov

1999

Dec-Feb 1

7.10

7.40

7.30

7.70

7.60

7.90

8.10

8.10

8.00

8.10

8.30

8.40

8.40

8.20

8.20

8.50

8.50

8.60

8.50

8.40

8.80

8.80

8.80

8.70

8.70

8.90

9.00

8.90

8.90

8.90 1 December preceding year.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 6 NASS, USDA

Monthly Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop,

United States December-November 1998-99 1

Month Sows Farrowing Pigs per Litter Pig Crop

1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Number Number 1,000 Head 1,000 Head

Dec 1

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Total

940

995

994

1,010

1,040

1,036

1,050

1,014

990

1,023

1,000

970

12,062

940

975

977

8.71

8.72

8.67

8.69

8.80

8.74

8.74

8.73

8.70

8.70

8.60

8.66

8.71

8.73

8.72

8.74

8,190

8,675

8,615

8,780

9,150

9,059

9,175

8,850

8,609

8,905

8,597

8,400

105,005

8,205

8,505

8,540

1 December preceding year.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 7 NASS, USDA
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 8 NASS, USDA

Hogs and Pigs: Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory

by State and United States, March 1, 1998-99 1

State

Breeding Market Total

1998

1999

1998

1999

1998

1999

Number as % of

1998 Number as % of1998 Number as % of1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 2

US

110

70

550

470

1,300

195

70

130

630

440

430

1,050

210

260

120

150

105

652

6,942

110

70

470

420

1,220

165

65

110

590

400

420

1,000

195

290

120

130

85

667

6,527

100

100

85

89

94

85

93

85

94

91

98

95

93

112

100

87

81

102

94

700

420

4,150

3,580

12,800

1,305

490

870

5,070

2,960

3,020

8,450

1,440

1,510

980

1,100

625

3,750

53,220

625

420

3,880

3,380

13,380

1,365

405

880

5,010

2,650

2,880

8,500

1,455

1,750

980

1,190

585

3,988

53,323

89

100

93

94

105

105

83

101

99

90

95

101

101

116

100

108

94

106

100

810

490

4,700

4,050

14,100

1,500

560

1,000

5,700

3,400

3,450

9,500

1,650

1,770

1,100

1,250

730

4,403

60,163

735

490

4,350

3,800

14,600

1,530

470

990

5,600

3,050

3,300

9,500

1,650

2,040

1,100

1,320

670

4,656

59,851

91

100

93

94

104

102

84

99

98

90

96

100

100

115

100

106

92

106

99 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 9 NASS, USDA

Market Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Weight Group,

State, and United States, March 1, 1998-99 1

State

Under

60 Lbs.

60-119

Lbs.

120-179

Lbs.

180 Lbs.

and Over

1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 2

US

220

170

1,510

1,370

4,200

540

200

290

1,960

1,370

1,220

3,350

640

610

355

390

250

1,547

20,192

220

170

1,380

1,290

4,300

515

170

280

1,960

1,170

1,140

3,400

580

700

340

410

210

1,569

19,804

175

105

980

900

3,400

250

115

220

1,240

640

750

1,930

310

260

260

280

145

831

12,791

155

105

890

800

3,380

280

100

225

1,230

650

750

1,950

355

330

250

310

135

869

12,764

155

85

930

700

2,750

235

100

195

1,020

540

570

1,670

300

210

220

240

120

734

10,774

135

80

870

690

2,950

255

75

190

990

500

550

1,750

310

270

210

240

130

775

10,970

150

60

730

610

2,450

280

75

165

850

410

480

1,500

190

430

145

190

110

639

9,464

115

65

740

600

2,750

315

60

185

830

330

440

1,400

210

450

180

230

110

776

9,786 1 Weight groups may not add to Market due to rounding. 2 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 10 NASS, USDA

Hogs and Pigs: Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory

by State and United States, June 1, 1997-98 1

State

Breeding Market Total

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

Number as % of

1997 Number as % of

1997 Number as % of

1997

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 2

US

115

75

550

440

1,270

195

70

130

620

455

445

1,000

200

210

115

165

130

604

6,789

110

70

580

470

1,300

190

65

130

640

410

430

1,050

220

260

120

140

100

673

6,958

96

93

105

107

102

97

93

100

103

90

97

105

110

124

104

85

77

112

102

775

515

3,900

3,110

11,230

1,285

500

890

4,780

3,045

3,155

8,700

1,300

1,290

905

1,005

640

3,552

50,577

680

430

4,420

3,730

13,500

1,280

455

1,000

5,260

2,890

3,020

8,750

1,480

1,610

980

1,210

620

3,939

55,254

88

83

113

120

120

100

91

112

110

95

96

101

114

125

108

120

97

111

109

890

590

4,450

3,550

12,500

1,480

570

1,020

5,400

3,500

3,600

9,700

1,500

1,500

1,020

1,170

770

4,156

57,366

790

500

5,000

4,200

14,800

1,470

520

1,130

5,900

3,300

3,450

9,800

1,700

1,870

1,100

1,350

720

4,613

62,213

89

85

112

118

118

99

91

111

109

94

96

101

113

125

108

115

94

111

108 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 11 NASS, USDA

Market Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Weight Group,

State, and United States, June 1, 1997-98 1

State

Under

60 Lbs.

60-119

Lbs.

120-179

Lbs.

180 Lbs.

and Over

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 2

US

240

200

1,570

1,140

4,290

545

195

400

1,850

1,430

1,320

3,350

600

470

330

420

280

1,358

19,988

250

165

1,750

1,380

4,630

525

185

450

2,050

1,450

1,240

3,450

660

610

355

455

245

1,632

21,482

180

130

970

770

3,100

285

120

185

1,210

665

800

2,170

320

210

230

250

135

844

12,574

165

120

1,080

980

3,710

285

110

220

1,330

590

790

2,130

350

300

260

295

160

836

13,711

205

110

780

640

2,170

230

105

180

990

550

570

1,830

240

200

195

180

115

712

10,002

145

90

900

780

2,860

240

90

190

1,050

510

560

1,770

290

220

215

255

120

799

11,084

150

75

580

560

1,670

225

80

125

730

400

465

1,350

140

410

150

155

110

638

8,013

120

55

690

590

2,300

230

70

140

830

340

430

1,400

180

480

150

205

95

673

8,978 1 Weight groups may not add to Market due to rounding. 2 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 12 NASS, USDA

Hogs and Pigs: Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory

by State and United States, September 1, 1997-98 1

State

Breeding Market Total

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

Number as % of

1997 Number as % of

1997 Number as % of

1997

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 2

US

115

65

530

450

1,350

205

70

130

630

435

435

1,000

200

215

120

160

135

613

6,858

110

65

540

450

1,290

180

65

120

650

420

420

1,050

210

290

115

130

95

675

6,875

96

100

102

100

96

88

93

92

103

97

97

105

105

135

96

81

70

110

100

795

505

4,070

3,400

12,750

1,345

500

970

4,970

3,115

3,115

8,900

1,350

1,385

980

1,060

665

3,723

53,598

690

415

4,310

3,650

14,210

1,370

455

950

5,350

2,930

2,980

9,250

1,540

1,690

985

1,170

605

4,062

56,612

87

82

106

107

111

102

91

98

108

94

96

104

114

122

101

110

91

109

106

910

570

4,600

3,850

14,100

1,550

570

1,100

5,600

3,550

3,550

9,900

1,550

1,600

1,100

1,220

800

4,336

60,456

800

480

4,850

4,100

15,500

1,550

520

1,070

6,000

3,350

3,400

10,300

1,750

1,980

1,100

1,300

700

4,738

63,488

88

84

105

106

110

100

91

97

107

94

96

104

113

124

100

107

88

109

105 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 13 NASS, USDA

Market Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Weight Group,

State, and United States, September 1, 1997-98 1

State

Under

60 Lbs.

60-119

Lbs.

120-179

Lbs.

180 Lbs.

and Over

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 2

US

265

195

1,540

1,250

4,300

590

195

340

2,020

1,440

1,350

3,500

610

490

370

430

280

1,497

20,662

230

165

1,540

1,330

4,560

575

185

300

2,110

1,300

1,300

3,620

680

650

350

380

240

1,674

21,189

190

130

970

860

3,650

265

120

260

1,250

670

760

2,160

330

250

260

260

150

853

13,388

180

105

1,050

880

4,050

290

110

250

1,380

680

720

2,120

360

300

255

280

140

882

14,032

195

110

820

680

2,650

255

105

200

940

520

580

1,850

250

230

205

200

125

758

10,673

150

85

930

790

3,000

235

90

195

1,060

550

540

1,920

310

270

215

290

120

805

11,555

145

70

740

610

2,150

235

80

170

760

485

425

1,390

160

415

145

170

110

615

8,875

130

60

790

650

2,600

270

70

205

800

400

420

1,590

190

470

165

220

105

702

9,837 1 Weight groups may not add to Market due to rounding. 2 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 14 NASS, USDA

Hogs and Pigs: Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory

by State and United States, December 1, 1997-98 1

State

Breeding Market Total

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

Number as % of

1997 Number as % of

1997 Number as % of

1997

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 2

US

110

70

550

460

1,360

200

70

130

650

440

440

1,000

210

240

120

160

105

642

6,957

110

70

530

450

1,260

170

65

120

620

400

420

1,000

200

280

120

130

85

652

6,682

100

100

96

98

93

85

93

92

95

91

95

100

95

117

100

81

81

102

96

750

450

4,150

3,490

13,240

1,330

500

900

5,050

3,110

3,060

8,600

1,490

1,410

980

1,240

635

3,815

54,200

640

410

4,320

3,600

14,040

1,420

455

1,000

5,080

2,900

2,980

8,700

1,500

1,640

980

1,270

605

3,983

55,523

85

91

104

103

106

107

91

111

101

93

97

101

101

116

100

102

95

104

102

860

520

4,700

3,950

14,600

1,530

570

1,030

5,700

3,550

3,500

9,600

1,700

1,650

1,100

1,400

740

4,458

61,158

750

480

4,850

4,050

15,300

1,590

520

1,120

5,700

3,300

3,400

9,700

1,700

1,920

1,100

1,400

690

4,636

62,206

87

92

103

103

105

104

91

109

100

93

97

101

100

116

100

100

93

104

102 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 15 NASS, USDA

Market Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Weight Group,

State, and United States, December 1, 1997-98 1

State

Under

60 Lbs.

60-119

Lbs.

120-179

Lbs.

180 Lbs.

and Over

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 2

US

295

165

1,580

1,230

4,370

580

200

320

1,990

1,360

1,180

3,350

650

480

360

450

240

1,437

20,237

200

160

1,550

1,370

4,400

535

185

340

2,020

1,130

1,165

3,400

590

590

340

405

215

1,545

20,140

165

130

980

880

3,650

260

120

200

1,270

650

800

2,000

340

260

260

330

155

869

13,319

165

100

1,050

840

3,700

290

110

270

1,270

770

780

2,000

370

320

255

320

130

891

13,631

155

100

840

760

2,780

260

105

205

990

610

640

1,840

320

200

210

260

125

788

11,188

150

80

920

780

3,120

280

90

180

960

570

600

1,850

330

265

210

280

130

790

11,585

135

55

750

620

2,440

230

75

175

800

490

440

1,410

180

470

150

200

115

722

9,457

125

70

800

610

2,820

315

70

210

830

430

435

1,450

210

465

175

265

130

758

10,168 1 Weight groups may not add to Market due to rounding. 2 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 16 NASS, USDA

Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop

by State and United States, December-February 1998-99 1 2

State

Sows Farrowing Pigs

per Litter Pig Crop 3

1998

1999

1998 1999 1998

1999

Number as % of

1998 Number as % of

1998

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent Number Number 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 4

US

56

26

225

195

520

90

31

40

260

195

165

515

89

117

47

58

42

258

2,929

56

28

210

185

480

83

30

37

255

185

165

530

86

150

47

50

37

278

2,892

100

108

93

95

92

92

97

93

98

95

100

103

97

128

100

86

88

108

99

8.50

8.35

8.60

8.60

8.70

9.00

8.40

8.80

8.95

8.80

8.50

8.90

8.50

8.90

8.60

8.60

8.20

8.35

8.70

8.40

8.60

8.70

8.60

8.70

8.70

8.65

9.00

8.95

8.60

8.55

8.85

8.50

9.20

8.70

8.90

8.35

8.56

8.73

476

217

1,935

1,677

4,524

810

260

352

2,327

1,716

1,403

4,584

757

1,041

404

499

344

2,154

25,480

470

241

1,827

1,591

4,176

722

260

333

2,282

1,591

1,411

4,691

731

1,380

409

445

309

2,381

25,250

99

111

94

95

92

89

100

95

98

93

101

102

97

133

101

89

90

111

99 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 December preceding year. 3 Number of pigs born December-February on hand March 1, or had been sold. 4 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 17 NASS, USDA

Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop

by State and United States, March-May 1997-99 1

State

Sows Farrowing Pigs

per Litter Pig Crop 2

1997 1998

1999 3

1997 1998 1997

1998

Number as % of

1998 Number as % of

1997

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent Number Number 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 4

US

60

30

240

180

510

90

31

55

255

200

170

515

85

87

48

70

47

238

2,911

56

25

255

195

550

90

30

53

275

195

170

540

90

129

48

65

43

277

3,086

54

28

210

175

480

80

30

53

255

180

170

530

84

140

47

60

33

270

2,879

96

112

82

90

87

89

100

100

93

92

100

98

93

109

98

92

77

98

93

8.30

8.35

8.40

8.40

8.60

9.20

8.50

8.40

8.85

8.90

8.50

8.90

8.40

9.50

8.60

8.40

8.50

8.42

8.67

8.40

8.40

8.60

8.70

8.70

8.90

8.40

8.90

8.90

8.90

8.40

8.90

8.70

9.10

8.70

8.70

8.50

8.61

8.75

498

251

2,016

1,512

4,386

828

264

462

2,257

1,780

1,445

4,584

714

827

413

588

400

2,004

25,229

470

210

2,193

1,697

4,785

801

252

472

2,448

1,736

1,428

4,806

783

1,174

418

566

366

2,384

26,989

94

84

109

112

109

97

95

102

108

98

99

105

110

142

101

96

92

119

107 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Number of pigs born March-May that were still on hand June 1, or had been sold. 3 Intentions. 4 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 18 NASS, USDA

Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop

by State and United States, June-August 1997-99 1

State

Sows Farrowing Pigs

per Litter Pig Crop 2

1997 1998

1999 3

1997 1998 1997

1998

Number as % of

1998 Number as % of

1997

1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent Number Number 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 4

US

58

29

220

190

540

95

31

54

260

195

165

515

90

98

49

68

48

241

2,946

57

25

230

190

530

92

29

52

280

195

170

550

90

134

48

57

42

283

3,054

53

29

200

175

470

80

30

42

255

180

170

530

83

140

47

50

33

274

2,841

93

116

87

92

89

87

103

81

91

92

100

96

92

104

98

88

79

97

93

8.60

8.40

8.40

8.40

8.80

9.20

8.35

8.70

8.85

8.90

8.55

8.90

8.30

9.40

8.70

8.50

8.50

8.47

8.72

8.50

8.45

8.60

8.65

8.75

8.70

8.40

8.90

8.90

8.70

8.60

8.80

8.75

9.10

8.70

8.70

8.35

8.51

8.72

499

244

1,848

1,596

4,752

874

259

470

2,301

1,736

1,411

4,584

747

921

426

578

408

2,042

25,696

485

211

1,978

1,644

4,638

800

244

463

2,492

1,697

1,462

4,840

788

1,219

418

496

351

2,408

26,634

97

86

107

103

98

92

94

99

108

98

104

106

105

132

98

86

86

118

104 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Number of pigs born June-August on hand September 1, or had been sold. 3 Intentions. 4 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 19 NASS, USDA

Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop

by State and United States, September-November 1997-98 1

State

Sows Farrowing Pigs

per Litter Pig Crop 2

1997

1998

1997 1998 1997

1998

Number as % of

1997 Number as % of

1997

1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent Number Number 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Percent

AR

GA

IL

IN

IA

KS

KY

MI

MN

MO

NE

NC

OH

OK

PA

SD

WI

Oth

 Sts 3

US

55

25

240

190

520

95

31

48

260

200

165

510

90

99

48

70

43

250

2,939

56

28

235

195

510

90

30

52

265

190

175

520

90

135

46

60

39

277

2,993

102

112

98

103

98

95

97

108

102

95

106

102

100

136

96

86

91

111

102

8.40

8.35

8.40

8.50

8.60

9.20

8.35

8.70

8.90

8.90

8.50

8.85

8.60

9.30

8.70

8.60

8.30

8.34

8.67

8.50

8.30

8.60

8.65

8.70

8.70

8.50

8.50

8.85

8.60

8.50

8.65

8.60

9.10

8.90

8.60

8.25

8.50

8.65

462

209

2,016

1,615

4,472

874

259

418

2,314

1,780

1,403

4,514

774

921

418

602

357

2,086

25,494

476

232

2,021

1,687

4,437

783

255

442

2,345

1,634

1,488

4,498

774

1,229

409

516

322

2,354

25,902

103

111

100

104

99

90

98

106

101

92

106

100

100

133

98

86

90

113

102 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Number of pigs born September-November that were still on hand December 1 or had been sold. 3 Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 20 NASS, USDA

Reliability of March 1 Hogs and Pigs Estimates

Survey Procedures: A random sample of about 13,500 U.S. producers was surveyed to

provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all hog and pig producers,

regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled

more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 11,500 operations, 85

percent of the total sample, during the first-half of March by mail, telephone, and face-to-face

personal interviews. Regardless of when operations responded, they were asked to report

inventories as of March 1.

Estimation Procedures: These hogs and pigs estimates were prepared by the Agricultural

Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each State office. 

National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with

estimates from past years using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous

inventory estimate, adds to it estimates of births and imports, and subtracts estimates of

slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the

Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness.

Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve quarter to quarter

relationships. Estimates for the previous four quarters are subject to revision when current

estimates are made. In December, estimates for all quarters of the current and previous year are

reviewed. The reviews are primarily based on hog check-off receipts and slaughter. Estimates

will also be reviewed after data from the Department of Agriculture’s five-year Census of

Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date.

Reliability: Since all operations raising hogs are not included in the sample, survey estimates

are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such

as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The

affects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality

controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for

consistency and reasonableness.

To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean

Square Error" is shown for selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square

Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the difference

between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for hog inventory estimates

over the past 20 quarters is 2.0 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final

estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 59.9 million head by more than 2.0

percent, or about 1,197,000 head. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed

3.5 percent, or about 2,095,000 head (the 90 percent confidence level).
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 21 NASS, USDA

Reliability of March 1 Hog Estimates 1

Item

Root

Mean

Square

Error

90%

Confidence

Level

Difference Between

First and Latest

Estimates

Quarters

Average Smallest Largest

First

Above

Latest

First

Below

Latest

Percent Percent 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head Number Number

All Hogs &

 Pigs

Pig Crop

Expected

 Farrowings

Next

 Quarter

Following

2.0

2.1

2.8

5.1

3.5

3.6

4.9

8.8

2,095

909

141

250

883

410

63

110

47

6

1

17

2,820

1,009

225

380

10

7

11

12

10

13

9

8 1 Based on quarterly records for the past 20 quarters.
Hogs and Pigs Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1999 22 NASS, USDA

Index

Page

Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop,

September-November, Quarterly States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop,

March-May, Quarterly States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pig Crop, and Pigs Per Litter, US ........................ 5

Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop,

December-February, Quarterly States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop,

June-August, Quarterly States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Hogs and Pigs Inventory Number, by Quarter, US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Inventory, Total and Breeding, Market Hogs, and Market Hogs,

by Weight Groups, Quarterly States, September 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Inventory, Total and Breeding, Market Hogs, and Market Hogs,

by Weight Groups, Quarterly States, December 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Inventory, Total and Breeding, Market Hogs, and Market Hogs,

by Weight Groups, Quarterly States, June 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Inventory, Total and Breeding, Market Hogs, and Market Hogs,

by Weight Groups, Quarterly States, March 1 .................................... 8

Monthly Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop,

December-November, US .................................................... 6

Pigs per Litter by Size of Operation, US ........................................... 5

Survey and Estimation Procedures, Revision Policy 

and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
The next "Hogs and Pigs" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on June 25, 1999.

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