IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 17-1482

Filed January 24, 2018

IN THE INTEREST OF W.B.,

Minor Child,

M.G., Mother,

Appellant,

D.B., Father,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Crawford County, Mary L. 

McCollum Timko, Associate Juvenile Judge.

A mother and a father separately appeal from the order terminating their 

parental rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.

Thomas E. Gustafson of Gustafson Law Firm, Denison, for appellant 

mother.

Dean A. Fankhauser of Fankhauser Rachel, P.L.C., Sioux City, for 

appellant father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Anagha Dixit, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee State.

Kara L. Minnihan, Onawa, guardian ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ.
2

DANILSON, Chief Judge.

A mother and a father separately appeal from the order terminating their 

parental rights to their child, W.B., pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(e), 

(h), and (l) (2017).1 

This court reviews termination proceedings de novo. See In re A.M., 843 

N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). “On appeal, we may affirm the juvenile court’s 

termination order on any ground that we find supported by clear and convincing 

evidence.” In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010).

 

1 Section 232.116(1) authorizes a court to terminate a parent’s rights where:

(e) The court finds that all of the following have occurred:

(1) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance 

pursuant to section 232.96.

(2) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the 

child’s parents for a period of at least six consecutive months.

(3) There is clear and convincing evidence that the parents have 

not maintained significant and meaningful contact with the child during the 

previous six consecutive months and have made no reasonable efforts to 

resume care of the child despite being given the opportunity to do so. . . .

. . . . 

(h) The court finds that all of the following have occurred:

(1) The child is three years of age or younger.

(2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance 

pursuant to section 232.96.

(3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the 

child’s parents for at least six months of the last twelve months, or for the 

last six consecutive months and any trial period at home has been less 

than thirty days.

(4) There is clear and convincing evidence that the child cannot be 

returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 

232.102 at the present time.

. . . .

(l) The court finds that all of the following have occurred:

(1) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance 

pursuant to section 232.96 and custody has been transferred from the 

child’s parents for placement pursuant to section 232.102.

(2) The parent has a severe substance-related disorder and 

presents a danger to self or others as evidenced by prior acts.

(3) There is clear and convincing evidence that the parent’s 

prognosis indicates that the child will not be able to be returned to the 

custody of the parent within a reasonable period of time considering the 

child’s age and need for a permanent home.

 
3

W.B. was born in September 2015. On December 2, 2016, the 

department of human services (DHS) received allegations the father and mother 

were using methamphetamine and marijuana while caring for W.B., they had 

taken the child with them on drug deals, and they had physically assaulted each 

other in the child’s presence. A child-abuse assessment was conducted. The 

parents denied the allegations of drug use but their hair-stat tests were positive

for methamphetamine at very high levels. Due to the parents’ positive drug tests, 

the mother’s erratic behavior, DHS’s inability to obtain the cooperation of the 

parents to create a safety plan, and the family’s plans to leave the state without 

participating in services, the court ordered the child’s removal. 

On January 17, 2017, the juvenile court adjudicated W.B. a child in need 

of assistance (CINA). The parents’ visits were to be supervised. The parents 

were to cooperate with Family Safety, Risk, and Permanency Services and 

random drug testing, participate in substance-abuse treatment, and obtain 

employment and housing.

On April 13, both parents submitted urine samples that tested positive for 

methamphetamine. 

On April 24, the court entered a dispositional order that continued the 

child’s out-of-home placement. The court observed the parents had not 

consistently visited their child, continued to use illegal substances, and were not 

willing to follow through with recommendations to address domestic violence in 

their relationship. The parents did not have a stable address and were not 

employed. Concerns were raised about the mother’s mental health but the 
4

mother refused to obtain a mental-health evaluation. A permanency hearing was 

originally scheduled for June 8 but was continued twice. 

A July 6 report to the court noted the parents had been offered fifty-eight 

supervised interactions between January and July—the parents attended only 

thirteen. 

A July 13 case progress report noted the parents completed substanceabuse evaluations on February 21 but “have not followed through with the 

recommendations of weekly individuals and groups. They have not attended.” 

Both parents had been arrested and jailed on July 7 and were facing prosecution 

on drug charges.

In August, the mother underwent another substance-abuse assessment. 

The mother acknowledged use of methamphetamine and marijuana but indicated 

she had not used illegal substances in the past thirty days (since being arrested). 

She reported past treatment for psychological and emotional problems and 

having recent suicidal thoughts. The mother also reported she was likely 

pregnant. Extended outpatient services were recommended. 

The permanency/termination trial was held on August 17. After the 

hearing, the court terminated both parents’ rights. They each appeal. Both 

parents assert the State has failed to prove grounds for termination exist. 

At the time of termination, W.B. was under three years of age, had been 

adjudicated a CINA, had been out of the parents’ custody for more than the 

statutory six consecutive months, and could not be returned to the parents’ care 

at that time without risk of harm. Thus, there is clear and convincing evidence to 

support termination under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h). 
5

While the parents both claimed very recent progress such as obtaining 

employment, moving in with the mother’s mother, and being substance free for 

the last thirty days, such last-minute efforts are too little, too late. See In re C.B., 

611 N.W.2d 489, 495 (Iowa 2000). There may be no greater challenge than to 

parent a child, and we acknowledge there is no perfect parent. We do expect,

however, that a parent’s efforts exceed a meager or sporadic level of cooperation 

with services and that progress will be sufficiently sustained to evoke confidence. 

Unfortunately, sometimes a parent’s willingness and ability to cooperate and 

progress are compromised by usage of drugs or alcohol, or both. Here, both 

parents have faced difficulties in avoiding the use of drugs. 

In light of the parents’ long-standing substance-abuse issues and 

resistance to services and mental-health and substance-abuse treatment, thirty 

days of sobriety is not enough to inspire optimism. At the hearing, the parents 

asked for additional time, by which they impliedly acknowledged their efforts to 

date were not sufficient to allow the return of the child to their care. The juvenile 

court indicated that allowing additional time was inappropriate for these parents 

because there had simply not been enough progress made that would warrant 

another six-month delay in permanency for this child. We agree.

We find termination is warranted under section 232.116(1)(h), and 

termination of the parents’ rights will best provide for the child’s stability and longterm needs. Moreover, no permissive factor in section 232.116(3) is applicable 

to avoid termination. We therefore affirm on both appeals.

AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.