2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E 

 

Triennial Progress Report 

for the California 1-hour Ozone Standard 
2007 Ozone Plan 

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San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-1

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report for the 

California 1-hour Ozone Standard 

E.1 INTRODUCTION 

In addition to being designated nonattainment for the federal 8-hour ozone standard, the 

San Joaquin Valley Air Basin is also designated as severe nonattainment for the 

California 1-hour ozone standard (see Chapter 2, section 2.3 for an explanation of air 

quality standards). Although the 2007 Ozone Plan presents the District’s strategy for 

attaining the federal 8-hour ozone standard, this appendix shows that in controlling 

ozone precursors, this strategy will also help the San Joaquin Valley progress towards 

attainment of California’s 1-hour ozone standard. This appendix satisfies California 

Clean Air Act (CCAA) and California Health and Safety Code (CH&SC) requirements for 

reporting progress towards attainment of state ozone standards. 

E.1.1 Triennial Plan and Progress Report History 

The District adopted the 1991 Air Quality Attainment Plan to satisfy state requirements 

for California’s 1-hour ozone standard in January 1992. ARB approved this plan in 

December 1992. Although this plan satisfied requirements for both ozone and carbon 

monoxide1

, as directed by CH&SC Section 40911, since the San Joaquin Valley now 

attains the state carbon monoxide standard, the District is not required to address 

carbon monoxide in subsequent progress reports and plan revisions. 

Chapter 10 of the CCAA added CH&SH sections with requirements for plans for 

attainment of the state ambient air quality standards. CH&SC Section 40924(b) and 

40925(a) specifies that every third year following the attainment plan, each district will 

conduct a triennial review of its attainment plan, strategy, and progress and adopt the 

findings at a public hearing. The triennial reports are to assess the overall effectiveness 

of air quality programs, the quantity of emission reductions achieved in the preceding 

three-year period, the rate of emissions growth experienced in the District and projected 

into the future, and air quality improvement. The District’s first four Triennial Progress 

Reports are summarized in Table E-1. This appendix demonstrates that in addition to 

satisfying federal ozone requirements, the 2007 Ozone Plan satisfies state 

requirements for the Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 2003-2005 (2006 

Triennial Update). The original deadline for this update was December 31, 2006; 

however, ARB revised the deadline to coincide with the 2007 State Implementation Plan 

(SIP) submittal. 

 

1

 The District was also designated nonattainment for the state particulate matter (PM) standards; however, CH&SC 

Section 40911 does not require California PM standard nonattainment areas to develop of plans. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-2

Table E-1 Triennial Progress Reports 

Title Years 

Covered District Adoption ARB Approval 

1994 Triennial Update (Chapter 8 of the 1994 

Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan) 

1992-1994 1994 November 

1994 

The 1997 Triennial Plan 1995-1997 1998 October 1999

The 2000 Triennial Plan 1997-1999 2001 

California Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report 

and Plan Revision 2000-2002 (Chapter 8 in the 

Extreme Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan) 

2000-2002 2004, Revised in 

October 2005 

October 8, 

2004 

E.1.2 State Requirements and Guidance 

Although state law does not establish attainment dates, it requires evaluation of trends 

and continued progress in reducing emissions that lead to unhealthy pollutant levels. 

The CCAA, which was adopted in 1988 and added or amended several sections of the 

CH&SC, requires areas to report progress in meeting state mandates and revise state 

attainment plans to reflect changing conditions. 

The August 1993 guidance document, Guidance for Annual and Triennial Progress 

Reports Under the California Clean Air Act, directs that these updates not become 

“burdensome or time consuming.” ARB’s 2003 Triennial Assessment and Plan 

Revisions guidance encourages air districts to combine planning efforts to meet state 

and federal requirements. Deadlines for Triennial Progress Reports and Triennial Plan 

Revisions generally coincide with federal Clean Air Act (CAA) deadlines. The required 

components are summarized in Table E-2. 

Table E-2 CCAA Requirements for Triennial Progress Reports 

Mandate for Severe Areas 

Source of 

Requirement (CH&SC 

Sections) 

Submittal in 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Emission Inventory 40913(a)(4-5) Appendix B 

Air Quality Analysis 40913(a)(1-2) Appendix A 

Control Measures, including Reasonably Available Control 

Technology (RACT), Best Available Retrofit Control 

Technology (BARCT), area and indirect source controls 

40913(a)(6-7), 

40920(a)(1), 

40918(3-4) 

Chapters 6, 7, 8 

and Appendix I 

Emission Reductions/All Feasible Measures 40913(a)(6-7), 

40914(b)(2) 

Chapters 6, 7, 8 

Appendices H & I 

Cost-Effectiveness, including a list which ranks the control 

measures from least to most cost-effective 

40922(a-b) Chapter 6 

Appendix I, 

Section E.7.1 

Reasonably available transportation control measures, 

reducing passenger vehicle trips and miles traveled 

40920(a)(1), 40918(3), 

40919(a)(3) 

Chapters 7 & 8 

Appendix E 

Transport 40913(a)(3) Appendix E 

Population Exposure Appendix E 

Contingency Measures 40915 Chapter 10 

Public Education 40920(a)(1), 40918(6) Chapter 4 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-3

E.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA 

Data from the ozone monitors described in Chapter 1 (Section 1.3.2) are used to 

determine progress towards the federal 8-hour ozone air quality standard (see Appendix 

A) as well as the State 1-hour ozone standard. Table E-3 provides trend data for the 

SJVAB with respect to the state 1-hour ozone standard. As shown in Table E-3, the 

number of days per year with 1-hour ozone levels above the state standard in the 

SJVAB has decreased slightly from 1990 through 2005. The most improvement 

occurred between 2003 and 2005. 

TABLE E-3 SJVAB State 1-hour Ozone Standard Exceedances 

Year 

Number of 

Hours Above 

State Standard

Number of Days 

Above State 

Standard 

1990 711 131 

1991 788 133 

1992 735 127 

1993 743 126 

1994 814 118 

1995 776 124 

1996 886 120 

1997 572 110 

1998 752 90 

1999 715 123 

2000 680 114 

2001 718 123 

2002 804 127 

2003 848 137 

2004 558 106 

2005 415 83 

E.3 OZONE AIR QUALITY INDICATORS 

Hourly ozone data is also used in the calculations for air quality indicators in triennial 

updates, which are used to analyze the progress being made towards attainment of the 

state 1-hour ozone standard. ARB’s Guidance for Annual and Triennial Progress 

Reports Under the California Clean Air Act (August 1993) identified three air quality 

indicators for triennial updates: 

! Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC), which represents the maximum 

ozone concentration expected to occur once per year, on average, for each 

monitoring site 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-4

! Population-weighted exposure (PWE), which characterizes the potential 

average outdoor exposure per person to concentrations above the level of the 

state ozone standard in an air basin 

! Area-weighted exposure (AWE), which characterizes the potential average 

annual outdoor exposure per unit area 

The PWE and AWE are exposure indicators intended to reflect the potential for chronic 

adverse health impacts district-wide. The exposure analysis is based on hourly ambient 

(outdoor) ozone data for all sites in the air basin. 

The calculation methodology assumes that an “exposure” occurs when a person 

experiences a 1-hour ozone concentration outdoors that is higher than 0.09 ppm, the 

level of the State 1-hour ozone standard. The PWE and AWE consider both the level 

and duration of ozone concentrations above the State standard. They are calculated as 

annual exposures, the sum of all the hourly exposures during the year, with results 

presented as an annual average per exposed person or unit land area.

In addition to using all available hourly ozone data for the air basin, the exposure 

computations also incorporate census data collected by the federal government every 

ten years. For the years from 1985 to 1999, the population statistics are based on the 

1990 census. For the years 2000 to 2005, population data from the 2000 census was 

used. 

Each federally defined census tract has: 

! The population residing within the census tract 

! The land area of the census tract 

! A centroid of the census tract 

The population within each census tract is used in computing the annual PWE. The 

land area of the census tract is used in computing the annual AWE. The centroid of the 

census tract is used in computing both exposure indicators. 

ARB staff has prepared EPDC, PWE, and AWE data for many of the monitoring sites in 

the District that have been in operation long enough to have the necessary data (six 

years). The following sections discuss the specific calculations used for each indicator 

and presents indicator trends through 2005. 

E.3.1 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

The EPDC is calculated by monitor location using daily maximum 1-hour ozone 

observations for a three-year period (the summary year and two years immediately prior 

to the summary year). The EPDC is computed using a statistical procedure that fits an 

exponential-tail model to the upper tail of the distribution of concentrations. The fitted 

distribution is used to analytically determine the concentration that is expected to recur 

at a once-in-one year rate. This robust statistical calculation is relatively stable, 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-5

providing a trend indicator that is not highly influenced by year-to-year changes in 

meteorology. 

Figures E-1 through E-8 show EPDC trends for select sites in the SJVAB. The nature 

of the trends varies with monitoring site, and each site’s trend reflects emissions and 

meteorological conditions throughout the SJVAB. Although historical EPDC trends for 

the SJVAB vary widely, all sites are showing lower EPDCs in 2005 as compared to 

2003. Although several sites showed an increase in EPDC for 2002, of the three-year 

period of interest for this Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision (2003—2005), 

the year 2005 seemed to be when most sites experienced a decrease in EPDC values. 

Figure E-1 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

at the Arvin-Bear Site 

0.100

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

0.150

0.160

0.170

0.180

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year (End Year of Three)

Ozone (ppm)

Baseline

EPDC
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-6

Figure E-2 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

at the Bakersfield Golden State Site. 

0.100

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

0.150

0.160

0.170

0.180

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year(End Year of Three) 

Ozone (ppm)

EPDC

Baseline

Figure E-3 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

at the Bakersfield California Ave. Site*

0.090

0.100

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

0.150

0.160

0.170

0.180

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year (End Year of Three)

Ozone (ppm) 

EPDC

Baseline

* Due to missing data between July 28, 2004 and August 24, 2004, the EPDC values for 2004 and 

2005 are invalid and have thus been excluded here. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-7

Figure E-4 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

at the Clovis N. Villa Ave. Site 

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

0.150

0.160

0.170

0.180

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

 Year (End Year of Three)

Ozone (ppm)

EPDC

Baseline

Figure E-5 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

at the Fresno 1st Street Site

0.100

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

0.150

0.160

0.170

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year (End Year of Three)

Ozone (ppm)

EPDC

Baseline
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-8

Figure E-6 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

at the Hanford-Irwin Street Site

0.100

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

0.150

0.160

0.170

0.180

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year (End Year of Three)

Ozone (ppm)

EPDC

Baseline

Figure E-7 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

at the Maricopa-Stanislaus Street Site

0.100

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

0.150

0.160

0.170

0.180

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year( End Year of Three)

Ozone (ppm)

EPDC

Baseline
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Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-9

Figure E-8 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

at the Merced South Coffee Ave. Site

0.100

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

0.150

0.160

0.170

0.180

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year (End Year of Three)

Ozone (ppm)

EPDC

Baseline

E.3.2 Population-weighted Exposure (PWE) 

The annual PWE indicator characterizes the potential average outdoor exposure per 

person to concentrations above the level of the state ozone standard in an air basin. 

The PWE is affected by the population in the SJVAB, which has been increasing at a 

faster rate than the state of California overall. The PWE is calculated for each year from 

1985 through 2005, for which data are available. To calculate the PWE: 

! Subtract the value of the State ozone standard (0.09 ppm) from each interpolated 

hourly concentration 

! If the value is negative (i.e., the hourly concentration was lower than the level of 

the State ozone standard), the result is set equal to zero 

! Hourly exposures for each census tract are multiplied by the number of people 

residing in the census tract 

! The values for all the census tracts in the air basin are then added together and 

divided by the total population of all of the census tracts for which interpolated 

exposure values are available 

! The result represents an hourly population-weighted exposure for the air basin 

! The hourly exposures are aggregated into a daily population-weighted exposure 

! The daily exposures are then aggregated into an annual population-weighted 

exposure 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-10

The population-weighted exposure chart (Figure E-9) shows that exposure to ozone 

(adjusted to reflect population distribution and to give more "weight" to higher ozone 

values) declined approximately 100 hours per person per year within the District 

between 1986 and 1993. Between 1993 and 2002, the metric shows a year-to-year 

fluctuation near the value of 1.60 ppm-hrs per person. For the most recent reporting 

period (2003-2005), the metric shows a downward trend. The San Joaquin Valley’s 

population increased by 4.6% between 2003 and 2005. 

Figure E-9 Population Weighted Exposure per Person

0.1

0.6

1.1

1.6

2.1

2.6

3.1

3.6

4.1

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Year (End Year of Three)

Ozone (ppm-hours per person)

Three Year Moving Average

Population-Weighted Exposure 

Baseline

E.3.3 Area-weighted Exposure (AWE) 

The AWE, the potential average annual outdoor exposure per unit area, represents a 

composite of exposures at individual locations that have been weighted to emphasize 

equally the potential exposure in all portions of the District. Like the populationweighted exposure, the area-weighted exposure indicator is computed as an annual 

value for each year. The AWE is calculated for each year from 1985 through 2005, for 

which data are available. To calculate the AWE: 

! Hourly exposures for each census tract are multiplied by the square kilometer 

land area of the census tract 

! These values are then added together and divided by the total land area of all of 

the census tracts for which interpolated exposure values are available 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-11

! The result represents an hourly area-weighted exposure for the air basin 

! Hourly area-weighted exposures are aggregated into a daily area-weighted 

exposure 

! Daily area-weighted exposures are then aggregated into an annual areaweighted exposure 

The area-weighted exposure chart (Figure E-10) shows a general improvement in air 

quality since 1996. There is a downward trend for the most recent reporting period 

(2003-2005), thereby showing continued improvement. 

Figure E-10 Area Weighted Exposure per Square Kilometer

0.1

0.6

1.1

1.6

2.1

2.6

3.1

3.6

4.1

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Year (End of Three)

Ozone (ppm-hrs per square kilomenter)

Three Year Moving Average

Area-Weighted Exposure 

Baseline

E.4 TRANSPORT MITIGATION 

Atmospheric transport is the movement of pollutants (primary or secondary) by the air. 

In a regulatory context, transport describes how air pollutants move across jurisdictional 

boundaries. Under the CCAA, ARB, in cooperation with local air districts, is required to 

evaluate intrastate transport (transport between regions of the state) and suggest 

mitigation for such transport. 

California’s air quality management community generally agrees that pollutant transport 

occurs among the various air districts and air basins in California. Depending on 

specific weather conditions, wind strength and direction can dramatically change the 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-12

influence of transport on the ambient air quality of a region. Windy days tend to allow 

for pollutants to be transported further, while stagnant days keep emissions closer to 

their source. 

Most violations of ambient ozone air quality standards occur under stagnant weather 

conditions, when pollutant concentrations build up due to limited dispersion in the 

atmosphere. For ozone, these conditions occur on hot, summer days when low wind 

speeds limit horizontal dispersion and atmospheric temperature inversions limit vertical 

dispersion. Less dispersion usually corresponds to less transport. 

Windy days allow prevailing winds to carry air pollutants and precursors from emission 

sources to downwind locations, mixing with cleaner air or other emissions along the 

way. Pollutant and precursor concentrations tend to be lower on windy days because 

emissions are dispersed through larger volumes of ambient air. However, emissions 

can be transported into a region on windy days and then contribute to air quality 

problems on subsequent days if stagnation conditions later occur. 

ARB issued its most recent assessment of ozone transport in California in April 2001 

and concluded that transport from the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin and the 

Broader Sacramento Area contributes to some exceedances of the state 1-hour ozone 

standard in the SJVAB. The degree of contribution ranges from overwhelming to 

inconsequential. ARB also found that the SJVAB contributes overwhelmingly to ozone 

exceedances in the Mojave Desert, Mountain Counties, and Great Basin Valley Air 

Basins, significantly to the North Central Coast, and significantly to inconsequentially to 

the Broader Sacramento Area and the South Central Coast. 

ARB and the San Joaquin Valley Study Agency are analyzing Central California Ozone 

Study (CCOS) data to better understand transport and develop improved techniques for 

quantifying mitigation needs. Future triennial progress reports and plan revisions will 

include the results from this body of work. More information on CCOS is available on 

ARB’s website at <http://www.arb.ca.gov/airways/ccaqs.htm>. 

E.5 DISTRICT CONTROL MEASURES 

ARB requires upwind transport districts such as the San Joaquin Valley to apply best 

available retrofit control technology (BARCT) (see Table E-4). Also, to ensure that 

upwind districts minimize their impact on downwind districts, ARB requires upwind 

districts to adopt all feasible measures and ensure there are no net increase thresholds 

for new source review permitting programs. The San Joaquin Valley was already 

required to comply with these provisions due to other CH&SC requirements. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-13

The District’s strategy for attaining the federal 8-hour ozone standards will also result in 

progress towards the state 1-hour ozone standard. Control measures reducing ozone 

precursors are analyzed and presented in Chapter 6 and Appendices H and I of the 

2007 Ozone Plan. The District’s rulemaking schedule is in Chapters 6 and 8. The 

Table E-4 BARCT Rules

VOC BARCT 

Rule Rule Name 

4401 Steam-Enhanced Crude Oil Production Well Vents 

4402 Crude Oil Production Sumps 

4403 Components Serving Light Crude Oil or Gases at Light Crude Oil 

and Gas Production Facilities & Components at Natural Gas 

Processing Facilities 

4404 Heavy Oil Test Station - Kern County 

4407 In-situ Combustion Well Vents 

4451 Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, Flanges, Threaded Connections 

and Process Drains at Petroleum Refineries and Chemical Plants 

4452 Pump/Compressor Seals at Petrol. Refineries and Chemical Plants 

4453 Refinery Vacuum Producing Devices or Systems 

4454 Refinery Process Unit Turnaround 

4601 Architectural Coatings 

4602 Motor Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Coating Operations 

4603 Surface Coating of Metal Parts and Products 

4604 Can and Coil Coating Operations 

4605 Aerospace Assembly and Component Manufacturing Operations 

4606 Wood Products Coating Operations 

4607 Graphic Arts 

4621 Gasoline Transfer into Stationary Storage Containers, Delivery 

Vessels, and Bulk Plants 

4622 Gasoline Transfer into Vehicle Fuel Tanks 

4624 Organic Liquid Loading 

4625 Wastewater Separators 

4641 Cutback, Slow Cure, and Emulsified Asphalt Paving and 

Maintenance Operations 

4642 Solid Waste Disposal Sites 

4651 Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Soil Decontamination 

4652 Coatings and Ink Manufacturing 

4653 Adhesives 

4672 Petroleum Solvent Dry Cleaning Operations 

4681 Rubber Tire Manufacturing 

4682 Polystyrene Foam, Polyethylene, and Polypropylene Manufacturing 

4684 Polyester Resin Operations 

4691 Vegetable Oil Processing Operations 

NOx BARCT

4305 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 

4352 Solid Fuel Fired Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters 

4354 Glass Melting Furnaces 

4701 Internal Combustion Engines 

4703 Stationary Gas Turbines 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-14

District’s overall control strategy, including land use programs and public outreach, is 

presented in Chapter 4. Voluntary incentive programs are discussed in Chapter 7. 

Section 40924(b)(2) of the CH&SC, as well as ARB’s guidance for triennial progress 

reports and plan revisions, directs districts to report actual emissions reductions 

achieved for each measure scheduled for adoption in the three year period addressed 

by each progress report and plan revision. Table E-5 presents this information for the 

SJVAB for the 2003-2005 time frame that is the focus of this Triennial Progress Report 

and Plan Revision. 

Table E-5 Actual Emission Reductions for District Rules Affecting 

Ozone Precursor Emissions (2003-2005)1, 2 

Rule Date Title Pollutant

Reductions 

(tpd) 

4313 3/27/2003 Lime Kilns NOx 0.1 

4610 4/17/2003 Glass Coating Operations VOC 0.2 

4701 8/21/2003 

Internal Combustion Engines - 

Phase 1 NOx 1.7 

4604 1/15/2004 Can and Coil Coating Operations VOC 0.4 

4103 9/16/2004 Open Burning NOx 1.1 

4306 

9/18/2003, 

3/17/2005 

Boilers, Steam Generators, and 

Process Heaters-Phase 3 NOx 7.9 

4403 4/20/2005 

Components Serving Light Crude 

Oil or Gasses at Light Crude Oil 

and Gas Production Facilities and 

Components at Natural Gas 

Processing Facilities 

VOC 4.8 

4409 4/20/2005 

Components at Light Crude Oil 

Production Facilities, Natural Gas 

Production Facilities, and Natural 

Gas Processing Facilities 

VOC 4.7 

4455 4/20/2005 

Components at Petroleum 

Refineries, Gas Liquids 

Processing Facilities, and 

Chemical Plants 

VOC 0.2 

4702 

8/21/2003, 

6/16/2005 

Internal Combustion Engines - 

Phase 2 NOx 23.3 

4308 10/20/2005 

Boilers, Steam Generators, and 

Process Heaters - (0.075 

MMBtu/hr to 2.0 MMBtu/hr) 

NOx 1.5 

4905 10/20/2005 

Natural Gas Fired, Fan-type, 

Residential Central Furnaces NOx 0.4 

4309 12/15/2005 Dryers, Dehydrators, and Ovens NOx 1.1 

4694 12/15/2005 

Wine Fermentation and Storage 

Tanks VOC 1.4 

9510 12/15/2005 Indirect Source Review NOx 5.9 1

 Rules reducing other pollutants (such as particulate matter) were also adopted over this time period 

2

 Reductions listed for informational purposes only. Since data is based on varying years and 

inventories, this data should not be used in computations. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-15

E.6 MOBILE SOURCE CONTROL MEASURES 

Under the CCAA’s severe nonattainment classification for the state ozone standard, the 

District is required to include “reasonably available transportation control measures 

sufficient to substantially reduce the rate of increase in passenger vehicle trips and 

miles traveled per trip...” in its state air quality plans. 

E.6.1 District Committed Measures 

The District is continuing to work with the Transportation Planning Agencies (TPAs) in 

implementing previously-committed measures and in developing new measures for SIP 

submittals. District and TPA staffs are working on specific actions and programs to 

reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or to reduce emissions through other activities. 

More information is available in Chapter 9 (Section 9.2) and Appendix C. 

In addition, the District is working on a number of rules and programs directed at 

reducing emissions from mobile sources. See Chapters 6, 7 and 8 of the 2007 Ozone 

Plan for more information. 

E.6.2 Voluntary Programs 

The District continued to implement several successful voluntary mobile source 

emission reduction programs in the 2003-2005 time frame. During 2003, 2004 and 

2005, the District received 3,317 calls or report slips regarding smoking vehicles, with 

about a 15 percent response rate from individuals receiving a "Smoking Vehicle" letter. 

This voluntary program reduces motor vehicle emissions by encouraging owners of 

smoking vehicles to have repairs made to correct problems of high emissions. 

In 2004, the REduce MOtor Vehicle Emissions (REMOVE) Program was replaced with 

REMOVE II. These programs utilized a portion of a $4 motor vehicle registration 

surcharge fee allowed by State legislation for nonattainment areas for District-operated 

planning, monitoring, enforcement, technical studies, and emission reduction projects 

necessary to implement the California Clean Air Act (CCAA). The REMOVE Programs 

have funded projects that reduce motor vehicle emissions within the Valley through a 

competitive request for proposal (RFP) process. REMOVE II Program components 

include light-and medium-duty vehicles, e-mobility (telecommunications), bicycle 

infrastructure, public transportation and commuter vanpool subsidies, alternative fuel 

vehicle mechanic training, and gross polluting vehicle replacements. 

The Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction Program provides financial incentives to 

municipalities, companies, fleet operators and individuals who purchase new heavyduty, low-emission on-road vehicles from original equipment manufacturers (OEM); new 

OEM heavy-duty, low-emission engines for replacements; or retrofit technologies for 

heavy-duty on-road and non-road vehicles meeting criteria guidelines. The District 

funds its Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction Program with Carl Moyer funds, 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-16

provided through state legislative action. Implementation has been successful, 

particularly with the agricultural community. The District has provided Moyer Program 

incentive funds for projects including agricultural pump engines, refuse haulers, street 

sweepers, tractors, grape harvesters, delivery trucks, and almond sweepers. 

In 2005 alone, the District executed 265 agreements under the Heavy-Duty Program 

and 50 agreements under the REMOVE program for a total of $14.7 million. Over the 

course of these projects, these projects are expected to reduce 16,891 tons of NOx, 

160 tons of PM and 21 tons of ROG. 

Additionally, in 1996, the District began a Spare the Air Program. This voluntary 

program is designed to encourage ridesharing and discourage use of equipment and 

products that emit ozone precursors during the ozone season. The program is directed 

to both employers and the general public. In 1996, 75 employers were enrolled in the 

employer component. In 2005, about 700 Valley employers participated in Spare the 

Air. 

E.6.3 Land Use Programs 

The District reviews California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and development 

proposals received from cities, counties, and other agencies. Whenever development is 

planned or occurs, the District focuses on potential sources of emissions, including 

traffic generating sources. The District developed two documents as resources for 

agencies to use when evaluating potential air quality impacts. The Air Quality 

Guidelines for General Plans (AQGGP), which were revised in 2005, encourages cities 

and counties to include air quality elements or air quality goals and policies in general 

plans in order to reduce mobile and area source emissions and help attain state and 

federal air quality standards. The Guide for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality 

Impacts (GAMAQI) which is an advisory document that provides lead agencies, 

consultants, and project applicants with uniform procedures for addressing air quality in 

environmental documents. 

In general, new development contributes to the air-pollution problem in the Valley by 

increasing the number of vehicles and vehicle miles traveled. The purpose of the 

District's Indirect Source Review (ISR) Program, which was adopted by the District 

Governing Board in December 2005, is to reduce emissions of NOx and PM10 from 

new development projects. New development projects are required to mitigate a portion 

of their emissions with onsite mitigation or by contributing to a mitigation fund that would 

be used to pay for the most cost-effective projects to reduce emissions. The District 

estimates that ISR will achieve 3.8 tpd of NOx reductions in 2008. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-17

E.7 PLAN REVISION 

The California Clean Air Act requires the District to establish a strategy that will achieve 

an annual average five percent reduction in ozone precursor emissions, or alternatively, 

to commit to taking all feasible measures to reduce emissions within its boundaries in 

an expeditious time frame. The District’s adopted strategy is based on the latter 

alternative. During the 2003-2005 period, the District continued to implement its original 

control strategy of adopting rules to fulfill the District’s SIP commitments and then to 

address additional measures needed for attainment of the California ozone standard. 

The District met all of its federally required emission reduction rates (three percent per 

year) for 8-hr ozone precursors for the 2003-2005 period addressed by this report. 

During the 2006-2008 planning cycle, the District is continuing its efforts to improve its 

emissions inventory with in-house efforts, joint efforts with ARB, and contracting with 

consultants for updating or developing inventories for specific sources. The District 

continues to participate with ARB and other districts on analyzing CCOS data and 

developing modeling tools to improve ozone standard attainment planning. 

E.7.1 Control Strategy 

The District’s control strategy to reduce ozone pollution is driven by emissions 

reductions needed to attain the federal 8-hour ozone and PM2.5 standards. The 

District’s rulemaking schedule for attaining the 8-hour ozone standard is presented in 

Chapters 6 & 8 of the 2007 Ozone Plan. Further study measures are also included in 

those chapters. The District’s PM2.5 Plan, which may include further NOx reductions, is 

due to EPA in April 2008. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-18

Table E-6 District Stationary Source Control Measure 

Cost Effectiveness Rankings 

CM# Measure Name Product Completion 

Date 

Compliance 

Date 

Reduction 

Start 

Cost 

Effectiveness 

Ranking 

S-GOV-1 Composting 

Biosolids Rule 2007 1Q 2008 2008 Medium 

2007 2Q 2007 2007 S-AGR-1 Open Burn Rule 2010 2Q 2010 2010 Low 

S-SOL-11 Solvents Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2010 Low 

S-COM-5 Gas Turbines Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2010 High 

S-IND-24 Soil 

Decontamination Rule 2007 3Q 2008 NA High 

S-IND-6 Polystyrene 

Foam Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2011 Low 

S-PET-1&2 Gasoline Storage 

& Transfer Rule 2007 4Q 2009 2009 Medium 

S-PET-3 Aviation Fuel 

Storage Rule 2007 4Q 2010 2010 Medium 

S-COM-1 Large Boilers Rule 2008 3Q 2011 2011 High 

S-COM-2 Medium Boilers 

Incentives/ 

Rule 

Backstop 

2008 3Q 2020 2012 from 

incentives Medium 

S-SOL-20 Graphic Arts Rule 2008 4Q 2011 2011 Low 

S-COM-7 Glass Melting Rule 2009 1Q 

Upon rebuild 

or possibly on 

the fly 

2015+ Medium 

S-COM-9 Residential 

Water Heaters Rule 2009 1Q Attrition 2011 Medium 

S-GOV-5 Composting 

Green Waste Rule 2009 1Q 2012 2012 High 

S-IND-21 Flares Rule 2009 2Q NA NA Low 

S-IND-14 Brandy & Wine 

Aging Rule 2009 3Q NA NA Low 

S-SOL-1 Architectural 

Coatings Rule 2009 4Q 2012 2012 Low 

S-AGR-2 CAFO Rule 2010 2Q 2011 2011 High 

S-SOL-6 Adhesives Rule 2010 3Q 2012 2012 Low 

Cost Effectiveness Key: 

High: Require capital investment to purchase & Install controls. May also be reflective the lack of surplus 

reductions available 

Medium: Control measure requires capital investment, but measure has potential for significant emission 

reductions 

Low: Control measure is a management practice or low cost control option 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-19

E.7.2 Expected Reductions 

As ARB requested in the 2003 “Triennial Assessment and Plan Revisions” 

guidance, the District has included projections of the planning inventory out to 

the year 2020. Table E-6 presents the requested years of 2010, 2015, and 2020 by 

primary source sector of stationary, area, and mobile sources to provide a longterm view of how emissions are expected to change in the future in the SJVAB. 

ARB projects total SJVAB emissions to decline over the long term (see Table E6). The significant downward trend in NOx emissions for on-road and off-road 

mobile sources reflects state and federal emissions controls on engines. Area 

and stationary sources do not show much change here because the District’s 

commitments for future controls have not been included (see Chapters 6 and 8 

for reductions from new control measures). NOx from stationary sources has 

shown great improvement since 2000, when the stationary source inventory for 

NOx was 146.1 tpd.

Table E-7 Planning Emissions Inventories (summer, tons/day)* 

Source 

Category 

2010 

VOC 

2015 

VOC 

2020 

VOC 

2010 

CO 

2015 

CO 

2020 

CO 

2010 

NOx 

2015 

NOx 

2020 

NOx 

Stationary 82.3 84.7 87.3 45.9 46.8 48.4 108.6 110.2 110.8

Area 146.4 156.4 166.6 175.6 174.2 172.8 11.1 11.0 11.0 

On-Road 

Mobile 77.4 57.8 45.7 642.3 451.4 336.7 296.2 203.0 140.1

Other 

Mobile 67.6 60.9 58.4 421.6 423.7 438.3 140.1 111.9 90.0 

Total 373.8 359.8 358.1 1285.3 1096.1 996.2 556.0 436.1 351.9

* O3SIP 1.06 (RF980); no local or state line item adjustments were made. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Appendix E: Triennial Progress Report, Cal. 1-hour Ozone Standard 

2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix E-20

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