Thermodynamic Properties of 

Selected Minerals in the System 

Al20 3-Ca0-Si0 2- H20 

at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) 

Pressure and at Higher Temperatures 

GEOLOGICA L SURVEY BULLETIN 1544 

Thermodynamic Properties of 

Selected Minerals in the System 

Al20 3-Ca0-Si02- H20 

at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) 

Pressure and at Higher Temperatures 

By B.S. HEMINGWAY,]. L. HAAS, JR., and G. R. ROBINSON,JR. 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1544 

A summary of thermodynamic data for 

minerals in the system 

Al203 -CaO-Si02-H20 and tabulated 

values for the Junctions c~ TJ 

( H~- H~ )1T, S~, ( G~- H~ )1T, 

,1.JlJ,0 T, and f:t.GJ,0 T at 298.15 K and at 

temperatures as high as 1800 K. This 

report is a supplement to U.S. Geological 

Survey Bulletin 1452. 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1982 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

JAMES G. WATT, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Hemingway, Bruce S. 

Thermodynamic properties of selected minerals in the system Al20 3-Ca0-Si02-H20 at 298.15 K 

and 1 bar (106 pascals) pressure and at higher temperatures. 

(Geological Survey bulletin ; 1544) 

Bibliography: p. 

1. Aluminum silicates-Thermal properties. I. Haas, John L. II. Robinson, G. R. 

III. Title. IV. Series. 

QE75.B9 no.1544 [QE389.62] 557.3s [549'.6] 82-600124 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, DC 20402 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract____________________________________________________________ 1 

Introduction --------------------------------------------------------- 1 

Acknowledgments ------------------------------------------------ 2 

Reference data ------------------------------------------------------ 2 

Comparison of recent tabulations of thermodynamic data for phases in the system 

alumina-lime-silica-water ---------------------------------------- 3 

A brief statement of the problems ------------------------------------ 3 

A brief description of the methods used in compiling and evaluating data for 

several recent tabulations of thermodynamic data-------------------- 4 

Discussion --------------·----------------------------------------- 7 

Confidence limits ----------------------------------------------------- 12 

References -----------------·----------------------------------------- 12 

Thermodynamic properties ____ ----------------------------------------- 15 

TABLE 

Page 

TABLE 1. Enthalpies of formation from the elements at 298.15 K for selected 

phases taken from the literature ---------------------------- 9 

iii 

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF 

SELECTED MINERALS IN THE SYSTEM 

Al2

0!-Ca0-Si02-H20 at 298.15 K AND I BAR 

(105 PASCALS) PRESSURE AND AT HIGHER 

TEMPERATURES 

By B.S. HEMINGWAY, J. L. HAAS, JR., and G. R. ROBINSON, JR. 

ABSTRACT 

Tables of thermodynamic properties are presented for 7 oxide and hydroxide phases, 

for 7 aluminosilicate and hydrous aluminosilicate phases, and for 12 calcium silicate, 

calcium aluminosilicate, and hydrous calcium aluminosilicate phases. 

Tabulated thermodynamic properties of selected phases from the system alumina-limesilica-water have been calculated by the method described by J. L. Haas, Jr., and J. R. 

Fisher in 1976 from the compilation of experimental data described by Haas and others in 

1981. The results presented here supersede the tabulated data for the same phases given 

by Robie and others in 1979. 

In general, the data presented here are consistent with those given by Robie and others 

in 1979 but are not in agreement with the enthalpies and free energies of formation 

(elements) given by Helgeson and others in 1978 for aluminum-bearing phases. The addition of - 6.5 kJ per mole of aluminum to the enthalpy and free-energy values of the 

aluminum-bearing phases (except gibbsite) reported by Helgeson and others eliminates . 

most of the discrepancy. The difference between the values of the thermodynamic properties reported by Helgeson and others and our values is a consequence of a redefinition 

of the aluminum reference state within the data set they considered. 

INTRODUCTION 

The experimental data on selected phases in the alumina-lime-silicawater system were evaluated by using the method of Haas and Fisher 

(1976). The data are presented here as revisions and additions to the 

tables of thermodynamic properties published by Robie and others 

(1979). These tables are based upon the same physical constants and 

atomic weights as those given by Robie and others, are presented in the 

same format, and use the same symbol notation (see tables 1 and 2 in 

Robie and others). 

The goal of this study was to produce a set of thermodynamic properties at 298.15 K and 1 bar and at higher temperatures for selected 

phases in the alumina-lime-silica-water system that is consistent with 

thermodynamic theory, the observed properties of each phase, and the 

1 
2 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

observed phase relations among the phases. The experimental data 

analyzed in this study were obtained from a search of the literature 

through June 1979. 

Summaries of the experimental data upon which the derived thermodynamic properties reported herein are based, the methods of data 

treatment, and the criteria for data rejection have been given by Haas 

and others (1980, 1981). 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

We gratefully acknowledge the help of J. J. Remley, R. A. Robie, 

D. Perkins, III, E. F. Westrum, Jr., and E. J. Essene in making experimental results available prior to publication. Critical information 

provided through these sources greatly improved the results of this 

study. 

The authors wish to acknowledge the encouragement received from 

our associates, particularly E-an Zen, P. B. Barton, D. B. Stewart, R. 

A. Robie, J. J. Remley, P.M. Bethke, A. Navrotsky, R. J. Vidale, A. N. 

Syverud, and M. W. Chase. 

Financial support for this work has come from the U.S. Geological 

Survey's geothermal research program and from Department of 

Energy Contract No. EG-77-A-01-6150, amendment AOOl. 

REFERENCE DATA 

All evaluations must accept some base values without question. In 

this study, as in the paper by Robie and others (1979), the properties of 

the elements Al, Ca, H2, 0 2, and Si and of the oxides corundum, lime, 

quartz, and water as given by the CODATA Task Group (1978), Hultgren 

and others (1973), Stull and Prophet (1971), Chase and others (197 4, 

1975), and Fisher and Zen (1971) were accepted values. The properties 

of the evaluated phases were determined relative to these reference 

values. 

In the course of evaluating the data presented in this study, no inconsistencies were found within the reference values that would suggest 

that a reevaluation of any of the reference base was necessary. Small 

differences between the thermodynamic properties of the reference oxide phases reported here and those of Robie and others (1979) are largely the consequence of fitting the experimental data to different 

polynomial equations. Such differences are not statistically significant. 

Several of the chemical compositions are represented by more than 

one crystal structure. Tables for the reference state of these polymorphs are provided for convenience, in addition to a table for the polymorphic form present at 298.15 K and 1 bar. The reference-state tables 

are labeled with either the chemical formula or the phase name followed by the label "-Reference." 
COMPARISON OF RECENT TABULATIONS 

COMPARISON OF RECENT TABULATIONS OF 

THERMODYNAMIC DATA FOR PHASES IN THE SYSTEM 

ALUMINA-LIME-SILICA-WATER 

A BRIEF STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS 

3 

The importance of aluminum-bearing phases to geologic processes 

makes it imperative that differences among the current tabulations of 

thermodynamic data for the phases be clearly delineated. The major 

sources of tabulated thermodynamic data for phases of geologic interest in the system alumina-lime-silica-water are Wagman and others 

(1968), Robie and Waldbaum (1968), Naumov and others (1971), 

Helgeson and others (1978), Hemingway and Robie (1977), Robie and 

others (1978, 1979), and Haas and others (1979, 1980, 1981). The 

tabulations published prior to 1977 contain internal inconsistencies 

related to the use of A~Cl3 • 6H20 and gibbsite as aluminum reference 

compounds (see Hemingway and Robie, 1977; Hemingway and others, 

1978) and therefore will not be discussed further. The compilation by 

Robie and others (1979) supersedes the earlier tabulations by Robie and 

Waldbaum (1968) and Robie and others (1978). The data of Haas and 

others represent the same data set reported here with the exception 

that Haas and others (1980, 1981) reported their results for a standard 

reference pressure of 1 atmosphere. 

The thermodynamic properties of the aluminum-bearing phases are 

referenced to the enthalpy and free energy of formation of gibbsite as 

reported by Hemingway and Robie (1977) for all tabulations except 

those of Haas and others (1979, 1980, 1981) and this study, where the 

secondary aluminum reference phase was corundum. In the work of 

Robie and others (1979), corundum is also used as the secondary 

aluminum reference phase for the higher temperature and (or) higher 

pressure reactions. The thermodynamic data for the two secondary 

aluminum reference phases may be compared through the series of 

calorimetric, phase-equilibrium and silica-solubility experiments examined by the several sources of the tabulations cited above (for example, Hemingway and others, 1978). 

In general, the data presented in this report and by Haas and others 

(1979, 1980, 1981) are consistent with the results of Robie and others 

(1979); that is, the thermodynamic properties listed for a phase are 

equivalent within the limits of standard calculations of the uncertainties (see, for example, Robie and others, 1979). Exceptions to this 

statement are found in the data for gehlenite and Ca-Al pyroxene. The 

assignment of zero uncertainty (refer to the section on confidence 

limits) to the contribution of the reference oxides, as was done in this 

study and by Haas and others (1980, 1981) reduces the uncertainty in 

the thermodynamic properties calculated with respect to formation 
4 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

from the elements to about one-half the value that would otherwise be 

obtained (for example, in Robie and others). The uncertainties given for 

silicate phases referenced to the oxides may be directly compared with 

uncertainties for these phases tabulated by Robie and others. 

The absolute values selected for the enthalpies and free energies of 

formation of phases presented in this report and by Haas and others 

(1980, 1981), Hemingway and Robie (1977), and Robie and others 

(1979) are not consistent with the enthalpies and free energies of formation derived by Helgeson and others (1978) for the same phases (see 

table 1). However, when the enthalpies and free energies of formation 

given by Helgeson and others are corrected by the addition of - 6.5 kJ 

per mole of aluminum in the phase, the resultant values are in good 

agreement at 298.15 K. 

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS USED IN COMPILING AND 

EVALUATING DATA FOR SEVERAL RECENT TABULATIONS OF 

THERMODYNAMIC DATA 

In this section, we provide a short description of the methods used by 

Robie and others (1979), Helgeson and others (1978), Haas and others 

(1981), and this study. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of each 

compilation are discussed. 

The tabulation of thermodynamic properties of minerals and compounds published by Robie and others (1979) was a major revision of 

the earlier tabulation by Robie and Waldbaum (1968). The results compiled by Robie and others were based primarily upon calorimetric data 

for the enthalpy of formation, heat capacity, heat content, and entropy 

of the phases presented. Phase-equilibrium, electrochemical-cell, and 

other sources of thermodynamic data were used to supplement the 

calorimetric data. 

The major advantages of the approach followed by Robie and others 

(1979) are that the calorimetric thermochemical cycles are, in general, 

straightforward and can be well characterized, the samples used in the 

reaction scheme may be fully characterized after they have been 

prepared for the experiments, the thermochemical properties of many 

phases in a chemical system may be evaluated directly from reactions 

involving a limited number of reference phases, and proper experimental design will result in a well-defined final state for each enthalpy-ofsolution reaction used in the thermochemical cycle. The major disadvantage of the method used by Robie and others (1979) is that not all 

phases of geologic interest are soluble in the same solvent, and, 

because each calorimetric thermochemical cycle can stand alone, there 

is no need to establish a network of interrelated reactions through 

which erroneous enthalpy-of-solution values might be detected. In addition, any secondary reaction (for example, the formation of a gel during 
COMPARISON OF RECENT TABULATIONS 5 

a dissolution reaction) may produce an undefined final state in one or 

more of the steps in the thermochemical cycle. 

Helgeson and others (1978) used a procedure that is nearly the 

antithesis of that followed by Robie and others (1979). The evaluated 

thermodynamic data set published by Helgeson and others is based 

primarily upon experimental data taken from phase-equilibrium experiments. Calorimetric data and experimental results from other thermochemical data were relegated to a secondary or supplemental role. 

Helgeson and others (1978) used regression analysis of multiple sets of 

phase-equilibrium data; small sets for data of related phases were fitted 

separately, and continuity between sets was attained by fixing the 

matrix of parameters for one phase for each element; that is, by assigning fixed values to secondary reference materials. The values assigned 

to the enthalpies and free energies of formation of the phases from the 

elements are tied directly to the values chosen for the secondary 

reference materials. 

The tabulations of thermodynamic data published by Haas and others 

(1979, 1980, 1981) and given in this study are based upon multipleregression analysis of thermochemical data taken from all experimental processes and fitted simultaneously. To the extent possible, the 

regression analysis is performed on the directly observed experimental 

data, thus reducing the possibility of introducing inconsistencies in the 

process of converting the data to entropy, enthalpy, and free-energyof-formation values. For example, in the procedure used by Haas and 

others and in this study, the directly measured enthalpy-of-solution 

values, rather than the enthalpy-of-formation values, were used. 

The strength of the regression-analysis approaches (Helgeson and 

others, 1978; Haas and others, 1979, 1980, 1981; this study) lies in the 

use of reaction networks in which several reactions involving the thermodynamic data for a phase must be satisfied simultaneously. The 

precision of the data and the probability that the value is accurate increase as the number of reactions that the value must simultaneously 

satisfy increases and as the number of different types of experimental 

procedures from which the value is derived increases. In general, differences between values derived from different experimental procedures represent systematic errors associated with one or more of the 

procedures. 

Necessarily, as the reaction network becomes sparse, values obtained 

by the regression procedures become less precise and less accurate. In 

addition, to obtain meaningful fits to the obserV-ed data, discordant 

data must be removed from the total set of data before the final regression analysis is performed. The source of the error causing data to be 

discordant is not always clearly established. Therefore, discordance of 

a value is not sufficient proof that the data value removed is in error, 
6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

nor is concordance proof of accuracy of the values that are retained. 

When a reaction involving one of the secondary standards contains errant data, that error can be propagated throughout the reaction network by redefining the reference state of the major element from that 

represented by the secondary reference phase. 

To provide an efficient tabulation of thermochemical data, the 

observed data (obtained from dissimilar experimental procedures) 

must be converted to a unique reference system. Robie and others 

(1979) chose to reference the enthalpies and free energies of formation 

of the phases they listed to the properties of the elements (and, for 

some phases, to certain oxides). This procedure provides a convenient 

source of thermodynamic data for calculations, but it does not provide 

a direct and true measure of the uncertainty of any specific reaction 

written with respect to data in the tabulation. To illustrate this point, 

we shall examine the enthalpy of the low albite- analbite transition at 

298.15 K and 1 bar. From the difference in the enthalpies of formation 

(from the elements) of low albite and analbite given by Robie and 

others, we obtain 10.88±4.99 kJ. The data used by Robie and others 

were reported by Waldbaum and Robie (1971). On the basis of the 

direct measurements of the enthalpies of solution of low albite and 

analbite in aqueous hydrofluoric acid, Waldbaum and Robie reported 

10.88 ± 1.26 kJ for the enthalpy of transition. The additional uncertainty associated with the data given by Robie and others arises from the 

remaining part of the thermochemical cycles required to convert the 

enthalpies of solution of the two phases to enthalpies of formation from 

the elements. Therefore, if the uncertainty associated with a given 

reaction is critical to the discussion of the reaction, one who uses data 

from tabulations such as those of Robie and others must examine the 

original experimental data to calculate a rigorous uncertainty. 

Helgeson and others (1978) did not give specific estimates of the 

uncertainty of the thermodynamic values they selected. They did 

provide a good discussion of the problems associated with assigning uncertainties to specific values selected by regression analysis and also 

provided general guidelines for estimating the uncertainties in the different data types. As in the situation described above, where estimates 

of the uncertainty are relevant to a discussion based upon results taken 

from the tabulation of Helgeson and others, the estimates must be 

made through an examination of the original experimental data. 

Haas and others (1979, 1980, 1981) and this study list values for the 

uncertainties of selected thermodynamic properties of the phases at 

298.15 K and at the standard pressures used in each study. Haas and 

others also listed uncertainties for the properties at higher 

temperatures. The uncertainty for a thermodynamic value given by 

Haas and others (1981) and in this study is calculated from the 
COMPARISON OF RECENT TABULATIONS 7 

variance-covariance matrix derived from the relationships among 

phases in the data set upon which the regression analysis was performed. Haas and others (1981) assigned zero uncertainty to the thermodynamic properties of the reference oxide phases (which are listed in 

the section on reference data), although we recognize that an uncertainty is associated with the thermodynamic values for these phases. 

This zero-uncertainty convention was followed here because the derived uncertainty more clearly reflects our knowledge of the relative 

uncertainties between phases, without the additional uncertainty that 

is traditionally introduced when the experimental data are reduced to a 

standard thermodynamic value for the purpose of tabulation. For example, the uncertainty assigned to the enthalpy of formation of 

kaolinite in this study and in those of Haas and others is ± 1.1 kJ; the 

enthalpy of formation is based upon the simultaneous fit to four reactions for which the experimental uncertainties range from ± 0.3 to 

±1.3 kJ. 

The uncertainties for thermodynamic properties relative to the 

oxides or elements listed in the tables in this report and in the compilations of Haas and others (1979, 1980, 1981) are values calculated from 

the variance-covariance matrix from the data set of Haas and others 

(1981) and are not compatible with the uncertainties listed in most 

tabulations of thermodynamic data. Also, it should be stressed that the 

tabulated uncertainties listed in the tables for each phase cannot be 

combined to calculate the uncertainty in thermodynamic properties for 

reactions among phases. 

DISCUSSION 

Possibly the most common source of error leading to discordant experimental results is the systematic error; that is, any part of an experiment that produces a significant deviation of the result and goes 

undetected in the analysis of the experiment. In some cases, the errors 

arise from physical phenomena; in others, they arise from an incomplete analysis of the data or from incorrect assumptions regarding 

the data. Systematic errors manifest themselves as changes in the 

reference state of an element when they go undetected in an analysis of 

thermochemical data; they may affect the entire data base or only a part 

of it. 

A detailed discussion of the types of systematic error that might occur in the several types of experimental procedures from which thermodynamic data are extracted is not appropriate in this discussion. 

However, one example will illustrate the problem. The enthalpy of formation from the elements of forsterite may be obtained by dissolving 

forsterite, periclase, and quartz in an appropriate solvent, measuring 

the enthalpies of solution of each phase, calculating the enthalpy of the 
8 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

reaction of 2 periclase + quartz = forsterite, and adding the enthalpies 

of formation of 2 periclase and quartz. The enthalpy of formation of 

periclase was determined by burning magnesium metal in an oxygenbomb calorimeter and assigning the enthalpy of formation calculated in 

that experiment to the mineral periclase. Magnesium oxide may be 

prepared in several ways, but one common procedure is to dehydrate 

brucite, Mg(OH)2 • Taylor and Wells (1938) have shown that the procedure used to dehydrate a brucite sample affects the heat of solution 

of the resulting MgO sample. In dilute hydrochloric acid, the difference 

in the molar enthalpy of solution can be as large as 4 kJ. In this example, we can see that the enthalpy of formation of forsterite from the 

elements depends upon the procedure used to prepare the MgO sample. 

Because the thermodynamic properties of the MgO sample prepared by 

dehydration of brucite are not necessarily equivalent to those of the 

MgO sample produced in the oxygen-bomb experiment, the seemingly 

direct reference of forsterite to the element Mg is not simple and 

straightforward. The magnitude of the difference (the systematic error) between the thermodynamic properties of the MgO used as the 

secondary reference material in the dissolution reaction and the properties of the MgO formed in the oxygen-bomb calorimeter is the 

amount that the magnesium reference state is altered by the use of the 

dissolution reaction. 

Helgeson and others (1978) have concluded that the generally accepted enthalpy and Gibbs free energies of formation of corundum (see, 

for example, CODATA, 1978) are in error by about 14 kJ. Hemingway 

and others (1978) and Hemingway and Robie (1977), on the other hand, 

have found the literature values for the enthalpy and Gibbs free 

energies of formation of corundum to be consistent with both 

calorimetric and phase-equilibrium data. Haas and others (1980, 1981) 

and, consequently, this study, and the data ofHemley and others (1980) 

support the conclusion of Hemingway and others (1978) regarding the 

consistency of the thermochemical data (relative stabilities) for the 

aluminum reference phases, gibbsite and corundum. Because the 

relative stabilities of all the aluminum-bearing phases appear to be well 

established from the calorimetric, silica-solubility, and phaseequilibrium data, it is obvious that the data of Helgeson and others 

(1978) listed in table 1 differ from the other three tabulations mainly in 

their reference value for aluminum. 

The experimental results reported by Hemley and others (1980) were 

given to Helgeson and others (1978) and to Haas and others (1980, 

1981) before publication. The results of Hemley and others were shown 

to be consistent within the analyzed data sets recommended by 

Helgeson and others and by Haas and others, although significantly different values were assigned to the enthalpies and free energies of for-
COMPARISON OF RECENT TABULATIONS 9 

mation of the aluminum-bearing phases in those reports. Remley and 

others referenced the aluminum-bearing phases to the thermochemical 

values for kaolinite given by Hemingway and others (1978) and Robie 

and others (1979), and, from their experimental data, they independently derived a value for the free energy of formation of corundum that was consistent with the value accepted by Haas and others, 

Robie and others, Hemingway and others, and in this study. 

TABLE 1.-Enthalpies of formation from the elements at 298.15 K for selected phases taken 

from several literature references 

[-,value not given] 

Phase Hass and others Robie and others Helgeson and Remley and 

(1979) (1979) others (1978)* others (1980) 

Corundum AlzOs ----------------------- - 1675.711 

±1.000 

Quartz Si02 --------------------------- -910.699 ±.900 

Water HzO ----------------------------- -285.808 ±-042 

Lime CaO ------------------------------ -635.094 ±1.30 

Diaspore AlO(OH) ----------------------- - 999.456 

±.366 

Boehmite AIO(OH) ---------------------- -990.424 ±.725 

Gibbsite Al(OH)s ------------------------ -1293.334 ±-628 

Kaolinite Al2Si206(0H)4 ------------------ -4119.780 ± 1.065 

Pyrophyllite Al2Si.010(0Hh --------------- -5642.023 ± 1.158 

Kyanite AlzSiOs ------------------------- -2594.269 ±-433 

Andalusite Al2Si05 ---------------------- -2590.270 ±-641 

Sillimanite Al2Si06 ---------------------- -2587.77 4 ±.537 

Anorthite CaA12Si20s -------------------- -· 4227.833 

±1.118 

Gehlenite Ca2Al2Si01 -------------------- -3981.707 ±2.458 

Grossular CasAlzSis01z ------------------- --6636.338 ±3.220 

Ca-Al pyroxene CaAlzSi06 ---------------- -3298.956 ± 1.912 

Margarite CaAI4SizOlo(OHh --------------- -6240.601 ± 1.954 

Prehnite Ca2Al2Sis01o(OH)2 --------------- -6193.631 ±1.699 

Zoisite Ca2Al2Sis012(0H) ----------------- -6891.147 ±2.080 

W o!lastonite CaSiOs --------------------- -1634.766 ±-702 

-1675.700 

± 1.300 -910.700 

± 1.000 -285.830 

±.042 -635.089 

±.879 -1000.585 

±5.000 

-993.054 

±2.110 -1293.128 

±1.192 -4120.114 

±3.975 -5639.800 

±3.950 -2591.73 0 

± 1.900 

-2587.525 

±2.100 -2585.760 

± 1.740 -4229.100 

±3.125 -4007.570 

±2.820 

-6643.140 

±6.000 

-3275.680 

±2.761 

-1635.200 

± 1.435 

-1661.655 

(-1674.7) 

-910.648 

-285.830 

-635.089 

-992.319 

( -998.8) 

-983.566 

( -989.1) 

-1293.128 

-4109.613 

( -4122.6) 

-5628.790 

( -5641.8) 

-2581.097 

( -2594.1) 

-2576.783 

( -2589.8) 

-2573.574 

( -2586.6) 

-4216.518 

(-4229.5) 

-3981.766 

( -3994.8) 

-6624.933 

( -6637.9) 

-3280.310 

(-3293.3) 

-6217.520 

( -6243.5) 

-6201.060 

(-6214.1) 

-6879.044 

( -6892.0) 

-1630.965 

-1672.600 

±6.0 -910.700 

±1.00 -285.830 

±.04 

-998.825 

±3.8 

-990.608 

±3.9 

-4120.114 

±2.6 -5640.415 

±4.5 -2593.063 

±5.8 

-2588.663 

±5.7 -2585.341 

±5.8 

*The values in parentheses represent the value derived by Helgeson and others plus a correction of -6.5 kJ per mole 

of aluminum. 

We shall discuss the differences in the tabulated thermodynamic data 

in terms of the reported differences in the enthalpy of formation, 

rather than in terms of differences in the Gibbs free energy of formation, because (1) all the tabulations use essentially the same values for 

the entropy of the condensed phases, (2) the standard reference 
10 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

pressure used by Haas and others and Helgeson and others differs from 

that used by Robie and others and in this study, and (3) the enthalpy of 

formation is relatively insensitive to small pressure changes. 

The difference between the enthalpies of formation given by 

Helgeson and others (1978) for the aluminum-bearing phases listed in 

table 1 and the enthalpies of formation for the same phases taken from 

the other sources listed averages roughly - 6.5 kJ for each mole of 

aluminum (range about - 5 to - 7 kJ). This difference was added to the 

value for the enthalpy of formation of each aluminum-bearing phase 

taken from Helgeson and others, and the corrected results are listed in 

table 1 immediately below the original values. The only exception was 

the enthalpy of formation of gibbsite, which had been taken directly 

from Hemingway and Robie (1977) and had not been a variable 

parameter in the analysis by Helgeson and others. A comparison of the 

adjusted data set with the other thermochemical data in table 1 shows 

the data from all tabulations to be in good agreement, with a few exceptions (for example, gehlenite). 

An examination of the data and procedures used by Helgeson and 

others (1978) and by Robie and others (1979), Remley and others 

(1980), and Haas and others (1979, 1980, 1981) reveals that the difference in the aluminum reference state arises from the use of different 

experimental data to obtain the enthalpy of formation of kaolinite. 

Helgeson and others calculated the enthalpy of formation of kaolinite 

by using reaction 1 and the thermodynamic data for gibbsite, water, 

and aqueous silica as given in Hemingway and Robie (1977), Robie and 

others (1979), and Walther and Helgeson (1977), respectively, and from 

the composition of mineral assemblages and presumably coexisting 

natural waters in Jamaican bauxite deposits and in weathered basalts 

from Hawaii taken from Hill and Ellington (1961), Patterson and 

Roberson (1961), Garrels and Mackenzie (1967), and Bricker and Garrels (1967). 

kaolinite + H20 = 2 gibbsite + 2Si02(aq) (1) 

Patterson and Roberson (1961) discussed the mineralogy of the sites 

where they collected the water samples referenced by Helgeson and 

others (1978). The Hawaiian soils contained high concentrations of 

gibbsite associated with small amounts of clay near the surface. The 

clay gradually increased to more than 50 percent of the soil volume at 

greater depths where gibbsite became a minor constituent. Patterson 

and Roberson noted that all the clay belonged to the kaolin group, 

halloysite being the most common or possibly the only member present. 

Hill and Ellington (1961) described the Jamaican soil as ranging from a 

transported bauxitic laterite to a mixture of kaolinite and montmorillonite. Hem and others (1973) concluded that reaction 1 should be 
COMPARISON OF RECENT TABULATIONS 11 

viewed as an equilibrium between the silica dissolved in the ground 

water and halloysite and (or) microcrystalline gibbsite. 

We are aware of only two experimental studies (Kittrick, 1967, 1980) 

that bear directly upon the interpretation of reaction 1. Kittrick (1967) 

determined the solubility of gibbsite and kaolinite (labeled Georgia 3) 

separately and in combination. Kittrick observed that the calculated 

free energy of formation of kaolinite determined from a solution 

equilibrated with both kaolinite and gibbsite was consistent with a 

value calculated from the dissolution of kaolinite alone. The free energy 

of formation of gibbsite calculated from the kaolinite-gibbsite solution 

was in good agreement with the results obtained in an earlier set of experiments (Kittrick, 1966a) on the same gibbsite sample. 

Interpretation of the results presented by Kittrick (1967) is not 

straightforward. Kittrick (1966b) showed that the free energy of formation calculated for the Georgia 3 kaolinite sample varied. Removal 

of particles smaller than 2tJ resulted in a change of 2.5 kJ/mol in the 

calculated free energy of the sample. Kittrick (1966b) attributed the 

difference in the equilibrium solubility for the Georgia 3 kaolinite and 

that part of the sample having grain size larger than 2tJ to the presence 

of amorphous material in the <2wsized fraction that controlled the 

solubility. In addition, the free energy of formation of the coarse fraction of the Georgia 3 kaolinite was 2.1 kJ/mol more positive than the 

free energy of formation that Kittrick (1966b) felt best represented 

crystalline kaolinite. To further complicate the problem, Kittrick (1967) 

used the coarse fraction of the Georgia 3 kaolinite sample, but the 

calculated free energy he obtained for kaolinite from the mixed 

kaolinite-gibbsite sample was consistent with his earlier result (Kittrick, 1966b) for the <2wsized fraction. 

Taking Kittrick's (1967) results at face value, we recalculated the free 

energy of formation of the Georgia 3 kaolinite sample using the 

necessary ancillary data of Robie and others (1979) and obtained 

-3787.8 kJ/mol for the "kaolinite" phase in equilibrium with 

macrocrystalline gibbsite. This value is in excellent agreement with the 

free energy of formation calculated by Helgeson and others (1978), 

although Helgeson and others do not specifically reference Kittrick 

(1967) in their discussion of kaolinite. Furthermore, the result is in excellent agreement with the free energy of formation derived from the 

study in which the solubility was controlled by the amorphous portion 

of the Georgia 3 kaolinite phase (Kittrick, 1966b) and is 6 kJ/mol of 

kaolinite more positive than the free energy of formation of wellcrystallized kaolinite given by Kittrick (1966b) as recalculated by Hemingway and others (1978). Kittrick (1980) obtained results similar to 

those of his earlier studies through the immiscible-displacement 

method. 
12 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

The results presented by Kittrick (1966a, b; 1967; 1970; 1980) clearly 

show a wide range of silica concentrations in "equilibrium" with a fixed 

alumina concentration in aqueous solutions equilibrated with mixed 

samples of gibbsite and kaolinite at 298.15 K. Hence, it is doubtful that 

an average silica value taken from natural water analyses (the proeedure followed by Helgeson and others, 1978, in using reaction 1) 

would represent well-crystallized kaolinite, a point also made by Paces 

(1978). Hemley and others (1980) suggested that use of the least soluble 

data point on the plot of compositions of waters from bauxite soils 

would yield a result consistent with their results and with those of 

Hemingway and others (1978). The evidence presented in this study 

strongly suggests that the use of reaction 1 by Helgeson and others 

(1978) to establish the thermochemical data for kaolinite was incorrect. 

Consequently, the aluminum reference state appears to have been 

redefined by Helgeson and others through their use of reaction 1; that 

is, kaolinite as defined by Helgeson and others became the secondary 

aluminum reference standard in their data set. 

CONFIDENCE LIMITS 

The 2-sigma confidence limits assigned at 298.15 K reflect only the 

variation in the final set of data in the chemical system. They do not include confidence limits on the reference data or confidence limits 

assigned to the original experimental data, as was done by Robie and 

others (1979). For this reason, the confidence limits for formation from 

the elements and from the oxides are identical. 

The data were weighted by the reciprocal of the precision, which 

allowed the simultaneous fitting of properties whose values vary over 

several orders of magnitude; this procedure constrained the solutions 

toward the more precise observations. Error plots of the weighted difference, (observed - calculated)/reported precision, plotted as a function of temperature allowed rapid identification of discordant data. The 

errors should not exceed the ± 2 sigma assigned to the experimental 

observation. A complete discussion of this point is given in Haas and 

Fisher (1976) and in Haas and others (1981). 

REFERENCES 

Bricker, 0. P., and Garrels, R. M., 1967, Mineralogic factors in natural water equilibria, 

in Faust, S. D., and Hunter, J. V., eds., Principles and applications of water 

chemistry: New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 449-469. 

Chase, M. W., Curnutt, J. L., Hu, A. T., Prophet, H., Syverud, A. N., and Walker, L. C., 

1974, JANAF thermochemical tables, 1974 supplement: Journal of Physical and 

Chemical Reference Data, v. 3, no. 2, p. 311-480. 

Chase, M. W., Curnutt, J. L., Prophet, H., McDonald, R. A., and Syverud, A. N., 1975, 

JANAF thermochemical tables, 1975 supplement: Journal of Physical and Chemical 

Reference Data, v. 4, no. 1, p. 1-175. 
REFERENCES 13 

CODATA Task Group on Key Values for Thermodynamies, 1978, CODATA reeommended key values for thermodynamics 1977: CODATA Bulletin no. 28, p. 1-16. 

Fisher, J. R., and Zen, E-an, 1971, Thermochemical calculations from hydrothermal 

phase equilibrium data and the free energy of H2 0: American Journal of Science, v. 

270, no. 4,p. 297-314. 

Garrels, R. M., and MacKenzie, F. T., 1967, Origin of the chemical compositions of some 

springs and lakes, in Equilibrium concepts in natural water systems: American 

Chemical Society, Advances in Chemistry Series 67, p. 222-242. 

Haas, J. L., Jr., and Fisher, J. R., 1976, Simultaneous evaluation and correlation of 

thermodynamic data: American Journal of Science, v. 276, no. 4, p. 525-545. 

Haas, J. L., Jr., Robinson, G. R., Jr., and Hemingway, B.S., 1979, Thermodynamic data 

for CaO-Al203·Si02-H20 system [abs.]: EOS, American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 60, no. 46, p. 968. 

--1980, Thermodynamic tabulations for selected phases in the system Ca0-Al20gSi02-H20: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-908, 136 p. 

--1981, Thermodynamic tabulations for selected phases in the system Ca0-Al20 3-

Si02-H20 at 101.325 kPa (1 atm) between 273.15 and 1800 K: Journal of Physical and 

Chemical Reference Data, v. 10, no. 3, p. 575-669. 

Helgeson, H. C., Delany, J. M., Nesbitt, H. W., and Bird, D. K., 1978, Summary and 

critique of the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals: American Journal of Science, v. 278-A, 229 p. 

Hem, J.D., Roberson, C. E., Lind, C. J., and Polzer, W. L., 1973, Chemical interactions 

of aluminum with aqueous silica at 25 °C: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 

1827-E, 57 p. 

Hemingway, B. S., and Robie, R. A., 1977, Enthalpies of formation of low albite 

(NaAlSi30s), gibbsite (Al(OH)3), and NaAl02; revised values for m; 298 and .6.G; 298 of 

some aluminosilicate minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of R~search, v. 5, no. 

4, p. 413-429. 

Hemingway, B.S., Robie, R. A., and Kittrick, J. A., 1978, Revised values for the Gibbs 

free energy of formation of [Al(OH)~aq], diaspore, boehmite, and bayerite at 298.15 K 

and 1 bar, the thermodynamic properties of kaolinite to 800 K and 1 bar, and the 

heats of solution of several gibbsite samples: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 

42,no. 10,p.1533-1544. 

Remley, J. J., Montoya, J. W., Marinenko, J. W., and Luce, R. W., 1980, Equilibria in the 

system Al20g·Si02-H20 and some general implications for alteration/mineralization 

processes: Economic Geology, v. 75, no. 2, p. 210-228. 

Hill, V. G., and Ellington, A. C., 1961, Chemical characteristics of the ground water resources of Jamaica, W. I., [Pt] 1, A contribution to the interpretation of 

hydrochemical data: Economic Geology, v. 56, no. 3, p. 533-541. 

Hultgren, R., Desai, P. D., Hawkins, D. T., Gleiser, M., Kelley, K. K., and Wagman, 

D. D., 1973, Selected values of the thermodynamic properties of the elements: Metals 

Park, Ohio, American Society for Metals, 636 p. 

Kittrick, J. A., 1966a, The free energy of formation of gibbsite and Al(OH)~ from solubility measurements: Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, v. 30, p. 595-598. 

-· -1966b, Free energy of formation of kaolinite from solubility measurements: 

American Mineralogist, v. 51, nos. 9-10, p. 1457-1466. 

--1967, Gibbsite-kaolinite equilibria: Soil Science Society of American Proceedings, 

v.31,no.3,p.314-316. 

--1970, Precipitation of kaolinite at 25°C and 1 atm: Clays and Clay Minerals, 

v. 18,no.5,p.261-267. 

--1980, Gibbsite and kaolinite solubilities by immiscible displacement of equilibrium 

solutions: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 44, no. 1, p. 139-142. 

Naumov, G. B., Ryzhenko, B. N., and Khodakovskii, Y. L., 1971, Handbook of thermodynamic quantities for geology (in Russian): Moscow, Atomic Press, 240 p. 
14 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Paces, T., 1978, Reversible control of aqueous aluminum and silica during the irreversible 

evolution of natural waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, no. 10, p. 

1487-1493. 

Patterson, S. H., and Roberson, C. E., 1961, Weathered basalt in the eastern part of 

Kauai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424-C, p. C195-C198. 

Robie, R. A., Hemingway, B.S., and Fisher, J. R., 1979, Thermodynamic properties of 

minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 bar (106 pascals) pressure and at 

higher temperatures (revised 1979): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1452, 456 p. 

(originally printed in 1978). 

Robie, R. A., and Waldbaum, D. R., 1968, Thermodynamic properties of minerals andrelated substances at 298.15°K (25.0°C) and one atmosphere (1.013 bars) pressure and 

at higher temperatures: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1259, 256 p. 

Stull, D. R., and Prophet, H., 1971, JANAF thermochemical tables: National Standard 

Reference Data Series, U.S. National Bureau of Standards, v. 37, 1141 p. 

Taylor, K., and Wells, L. S., 1938, Studies of the heats of solution of calcium and magnesium oxides and hydroxides: U.S. National Bureau of Standards Journal of 

Research,v. 21, no. 2,p. 133-149. 

Wagman, D. D., Evans, W. H., Parker, V. B., Halow, 1., Bailey, S. M., and Schumm, 

R. H., 1968, Selected values of chemical thermodynamic properties. Tables for the 

first thirty-four elements in the standard order of arrangement: U.S. National 

Bureau of Standards Technical Note 270-3, 264 p. 

Waldbaum, D. R., and Robie, R. A., 1971, Calorimetric investigation of Na-K mixing and 

polymorphism in the alkali-feldspars: Zeitschrift fiir Kristallographie, v. 134, nos. 

5-6, p. 381-420. 

Walther, J. V., and Helgeson, H. C., 1977, Calculation of the thermodynamic properties 

of aqueous silica and the solubility of quartz and its polymorphs at high pressures and 

temperatures: American Journal of Science, v. 277, no. 10, p. 1315-1351. 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 15 

Corundum FORMULA WEIGHT 101.961 

(Corundum), crystals 298.15 to melting point 2345 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOR~IATION FRON THE ELENENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H~ 98 )/T s 0 

T -<c;-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol·K J/mol·K J/mo1•K J/mol•K kJ/mo1 kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 50.92 50.92 

UNCERTAINTY 0.20 0.20 

400 22.455 76.72 54.26 

500 38.144 99.19 61.05 

600 49.968 119.06 69.09 

700 59.226 136.74 77.52 

800 66.682 152.61 85.93 

900 72.821 166.97 94. 15 

1000 77.970 180.07 102.10 

1100 82.353 192.0 9 109.74 

1200 86.134 203.20 117.07 

1300 89.435 213.53 12 4. 10 

1400 92.34 9 223.18 130.83 

1500 94.946 232.24 137.30 

1600 97.283 240.78 143.50 

1700 99.406 248.87 149.46 

1800 101.352 256.55 155.20 

MELTING POINT 2345 K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

10.016 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM •.. M.P. 933 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

79.39 -1675.711 -1582.242 277.203 

0.04 1.000 1 .1 00 0.193 

9 5. 58 -1676.363 -1550.168 202.432 

105.53 -1676.109 -1518.639 158.652 

112.25 -1675.406 -1487.208 129.474 

117.03 -1674.521 -1455.914 108.642 

120.54 -1673.635 -1424.737 93.026 

12 3. 2 2 -1672.887 -1393.673 80.887 

-------------------------------- 125.31 -1693.674 -1361.150 71.099 

127.00 -1692.665 -1327.940 63.059 

128.42 -1691.569 -1294.838 56.363 

129.65 -1690.394 -1261.801 50.700 

130.77 -1689.156 -1228.897 45.851 

131.83 -1687.850 -1196.062 41.651 

1J2 .86 -1686.483 -1163.327 37.979 

133.90 -1685.045 -1130.699 34.742 

134.97 -1683.537 -1098.110 31.866 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 2.5575 J/bar 

25.575 cm 3 

c• - p 233.004- 1.95913x10-2 T + 9.44410x10- 6 T2 - 2.46518x10 3 T-0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
16 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

AlO(OH) - Reference FORMULA WEIGHT 59.988 

AlO(OH): Diaspore crystals 298.15 to 571.86 K. Boehmite 571.86 to 800 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (H.;:-n; 98 )/T s• 

T -<G.;:-H; 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 

UNCERTAINTY 

400 

500 

5 71 • 86 

571.86 

600 

700 

800 

15.212 

26.190 

32.527 

56.738 

58.855 

65.730 

71.710 

~!ELTING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING 

35.34 

0.09 

52.81 

68.41 

78.70 

102.90 

107.81 

124.28 

139.44 

K 

35.34 

0.09 

37.60 

42.22 

46.17 

46.17 

48.95 

58.55 

6 7. 7 3 

kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ... M. P. 933 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• 150.556 1.73002x10 3 T-0.5 p (EQUATION VALID FROM 200 -

c• 206.903 2.59274x10 3 T-0.5 p (EQUATION VALID FROM 200 -

COMPILED 9-30-79 

53.10 

0.09 

65.57 

74.16 

78.95 

100.86 

103.21 

110.49 

116.45 

-999.456 

(0.366) 

-1000.425 

-1000.561 

-1000.281 

-986.436 

-985.701 

-982.580 

-979.033 

BOILIKG POINT 

-920.896 

(0 .362) 

-893.875 

-867.210 

-848.058 

-848.058 

-841.270 

-817.442 

-794.084 

161.338 

(0.063) 

116.729 

90.597 

77.463 

77.463 

73.239 

60.999 

51.849 

K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 

+ 2.43069x10 5 

800 K, diaspore) 

+ 7. 77112x10 5 

800 K, boehmite) 

T-2 

T-2 

1. 7760 J /bar 

17.760 cm 3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 17 

Diaspore FORMULA WEIGHT 59.988 

AlO(OH): Crystals 298.15 to 800 K. See reference table for AlO(OH). 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------·-- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (H.;:-H; 98 )/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG IK 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------·-- 29B.l5 0.000 35.34 35.34 

UNCERTAINTY 0.09 0.09 

400 15.212 52.81 37.60 

500 2 6.190 6B.41 42.22 

600 34.745 82.53 47.78 700 41.670 95.35 53.68 

BOO 47.435 107.06 59.63 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ••• M. P. 933 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• p 

COMPILED 

150.556 1.73002x10 3 T-O.S 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 -

9-30-79 

53.10 -999.456 -920.B96 161.338 

0.09 ( 0. 366) ( 0.362) ( 0. 063) 

65.57 -1000.425 -893.875 116.729 

74 .16 -1000.561 -867.210 90.597 

80.60 -1000.167 -840.569 73.178 

85.66 -999.422 -814.029 60.7114 

89.77 -998.453 -787.604 51. 4:!6 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 

+ 2.43069x10 5 T-2 

BOO K) 

1.7760 J/bar 

17.760 cm3 
18 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Boehmite FORMULA WEIGHT 59.988 

AlO(OH): Crystals 298.15 to 800 K. See reference table for AlO(OH). 

FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-HZ98)/T so 

T -<Gi-H2 98 )/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 48.43 48.43 

UNCERTAINTY 0.51 0.51 

400 18.912 70.14 51.23 500 32.806 89.81 57.01 600 43.808 107.81 64.00 700 52.833 124.28 71.45 800 60.425 139.44 79.01 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

8.828 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ••• M. P. 933 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

co p 

COMPILED 

206.903 2.59274xlo 3 T-0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 -

9-30-79 

65.49 -990.424 -915.768 160.439 

0.22 (0.725) ( 0.682) (0.119) 

82.12 -989.913 -890.297 116.261 

94.06 -988.221 -865.570 90.426 

103.21 -985.697 -841.266 73.239 

110.49 -982.576 -817.438 60.998 

116.45 -979.029 -794.080 51.848 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 

+ 7.77112x10 5 T-2 

800 K) 

1.9535 J/bar 

19.535 cm 3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 19 

Gibbsite FORMULA WEIGHT 78.003 

Al(OH) 3 : Crystals 298.15 to 800 K. Gibbsite decomposes above 480 K at 1 bar. 

FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 68.44 68.44 

UNCERTAINTY 0.34 0.34 

400 26.537 98.90 72.36 

500 46.284 126.77 80.49 

600 62.280 152.67 90.39 

700 75.783 176.81 101.03 

800 87.519 199.45 111.93 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

12.719 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ••• M. P. 933 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• p 

COMPILED 

220.851 + 3.00646x10- 2 T 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 -

9-30-79 

91.73 -1293.334 -1155.099 202.369 

0 .16 (0. 628) (0. 63 7) (0 .112 ) 

115.66 -1294.248 -1107.667 144.647 

134.26 -1293.323 -1061.102 110.853 

149.86 -1290.964 -1014.854 88.351 

163.47 -1287.422 -969.108 72.316 

175.67 -1282.883 -923.930 60.327 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 

2.66764x10 3 T-0 • 5 

800 K} + 

3.1956 J/bar 

31.956 cm3 
20 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Lime FORMULA WEIGHT 56.079 

CaO: Crystals 298.15 to 1800K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• 

T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mo1•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 38.10 38.10 UNCERTAINTY 0.10 0.10 

400 11.325 51.14 39.82 500 18.600 61.77 43.17 600 23.780 70.83 47.05 

700 27.677 78.70 51.02 

800 30.727 85.65 54.92 900 33.190 91.88 58.69 1000 35.225 97.52 62.29 

1100 36.943 102.68 65.73 

1200 38.416 107.43 69.01 1300 39.698 111.84 72. 14 1400 40.831 115.95 75.12 1500 41. 841 119.82 77.97 1600 42.752 123.46 80.71 1700 43.584 126.91 83.32 

1800 44.348 130.18 85.84 

MELTING POINT 3200 K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING 79.496 kJ 

6.749 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

42.15 -635.094 -603.464 105.725 

0.08 1.300 1.320 0.231 

46.38 -634.697 -592.704 77.399 

48.82 -634.152 -582.268 60.829 

50.45 -633.624 -571.939 49.792 

51.62 -633.212 -561.698 41.915 

-------------------------------- 52.51 -633.712 -551.412 36.004 

53.23 -633.594 -541.126 31.406 

53.84 -633.852 -530.841 27.728 

54.38 -634.490 -520.515 24.717 

-------------------------------- 54.86 -642.459 -509.491 22.178 

55.32 -641.672 -498.449 20.028 

55.77 -640.857 -487.465 18.188 

56.21 -640.011 -476.534 16.594 

56.65 -639.136 -465.669 15.203 

57.11 -638.227 -454.851 13.976 

-------------------------------- 57.58 -790.783 -440.728 12.790 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

kJ 

1.6764 J/bar 

16.764 cm 3 

CALCIUM .... ALPHA-BETA 737, M.P. BETA 1123, B. p, 1755 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• • 71.6851 - 3.08248xl0-J T + 2.23862xlo-6 T2 - 4.31990xl02 T-0 • 5 

p 

- 2.55577xl05 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 21 

H20: Liquid 298.15 to 372.8 K. Ideal gas 372.8 to 1800 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-HZ98)/T s• T -<Gi-H2 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 69.92 69.92 7 5. 2 5 -285.808 -237.111 41 • 541 

UNCERTAINTY 0.08 0.08 0.15 0.042 0.084 0.015 

372.8 15.0 94 86.76 71 . 6 7 75.99 -283.461 -225.099 31.540 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

372.8 124.724 196.40 71.68 34.04 -242.591 -225.103 31.541 400 118.563 198.80 80.24 34.24 -242.858 -223.913 29.240 

500 101.786 206.53 104.75 35.15 -243.846 -219.063 22.885 

600 90.772 213.04 122.27 36.25 -244.785 -214.014 18.632 

700 83.067 218.72 135.65 37.46 -245.662 -208.820 15.582 BOO 77.445 223.80 146.36 38.71 -246.471 -203.500 13.287 

900 73.212 228.43 155.22 39.99 -247.211 -198.076 11.496 1000 69.953 232.71 162.76 41.2 5 -247.883 -192.587 10.060 

1100 67.401 236.70 169.30 42.49 -248.487 -187.024 8.881 

1200 65.376 240.45 175.08 43.69 -249.030 -181.408 7. 897 

1300 63.752 244.00 180.24 44.85 -249.514 -175.760 7.062 

1400 62.441 247.36 184.92 45.94 -249.945 -170.077 6.346 1500 61.377 250.57 189.19 46.98 -250.325 -164.353 5.723 

1600 60.508 253.63 193.12 47.95 -250.661 -158.606 5.178 

1700 59.796 256.56 196.77 48.86 -250.958 -152.850 4.697 

1800 59.212 259.38 200.17 49.69 -251.222 -147.076 4.268 

MELTING POINT 273.15 K BOILING POINT 372.8 K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING 6.008 kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 40.870 kJ 

13.293 kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

42.0228 + 3.49132x102 T + 1.10338x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 273 - 425 K, liquid) 

1.8069 J/bar 

18.069 cm3 

c• m 

p 10.4381 + 1.29775x1o-2 T- 4.46885x10-6 T2 + 2.99188x10 2 T-o.s 

- 1 .31077x10 5 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 298 - 1800 K, gas) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
22 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Quartz FORMULA WEIGHT 60.085 

Alpha quartz 298.15 to 844 K. Beta quartz 844 to 1800 K. 

Beta quartz is metastable above 1140 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-HZ98)/T so 

T -<G;-HZ98)/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 41.46 41.46 44.75 -910.699 -856.288 150.019 

UNCERTAINTY 0.40 0.40 0.04 0.900 0.900 0.158 

400 12.520 55.85 43.33 53.14 -910.869 -837.657 109.387 

500 21.298 68.41 47.11 59.44 -910.578 -819.383 85.601 

600 28.102 79.72 51.62 64.67 -909.926 -801.195 69.751 

700 33.657 90.04 56.38 69.22 -908.958 -783.147 58.439 

800 38.364 99.55 61.19 73.32 -907.699 -765.255 49.966 

844 40.230 103.53 63.29 75.01 -907.015 -757.364 46.873 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 844 41.135 104.43 63.29 67.39 -906.251 -757.364 46.873 

900 42.786 108.78 65.99 67.95 -905.872 -747.569 43.388 

1000 45.352 115.99 70.64 68.95 -905.116 -730.024 38.133 

1100 47.543 122.61 75.06 69.96 -904.347 -712.558 33.837 

1200 49.452 128.74 79.28 70.96 -903.552 -695.145 30.259 

1300 51.146 134.46 83.31 71.96 -902.723 -677.819 27.235 

1400 52.669 139.83 87.16 72.9 7 -901.854 -660.560 24.646 

1500 54.055 144.90 90.84 73.97 -900.937 -643.349 22.403 

1600 55.332 149.70 94.37 74.98 -899.967 -626.210 20.444 

-------------------------------- 1700 56.517 154.28 97.76 75.98 -949.449 -608.696 18.703 

1800 57.626 158.65 101.02 76.98 -948.075 -588.684 17.083 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

6.916 kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

SILICON .... M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c 0 -

p 83.2101 + 1.09962x10-2 T- 7.77338x1o2 T-O.S 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 844 K) 

c 0 - 58.9107 + 5.02080x10-3 T p (EQUATION VALID FROM 844 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

2.2688 J/bar 

22.688 cm3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 23 

Kyanite crystals 298.15 to 430.46 K. Andalusite crystals 430.46 to 

1016.9 K. Sillimanite crystals 1016.9 to 1800 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (H.;:-H298)/T s• T -(G.;:-H;98)/T c· p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 84.47 84.4 7 122.35 -2594.269 -2444.032 428.186 

UNCERTAINTY 0.44 0.44 0.15 (0. 433) (0. 389) (0. 068) 

400 34.662 124.29 89.62 14 7. 86 -2595.216 -2392.497 312.429 

430.46 42.875 135.35 92.4 7 153.4 7 -2594.847 -2377.403 288.490 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

430.46 52.084 144.56 92.47 153.27 -2590.883 -2377.403 288.490 

500 66.904 168.29 101.39 163.49 -2590.815 -2342.497 244.720 

600 83.910 199.07 115.16 173.66 -2589.687 -2292.927 199.618 

700 97.246 226.38 129.13 180.42 -2588.284 -2243.582 167.419 

800 107.954 250.79 142.84 185.14 -2586.867 -2194.427 143.282 

900 116.736 272.81 156.08 188.71 -2585.602 -2145.444 124.519 

-------------------------------- 1000 124.086 292.86 168.77 191.73 -2605.885 -2095.071 109.436 

1016.90 125.214 296.07 170.86 192.21 -2605.528 -2085.805 107.141 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1016.90 128.133 298.99 170.86 194.96 -2602.560 -2085.805 107.141 

1100 133.269 314.40 181 .13 197.21 -2601.160 -2044.313 97.077 

1200 138.692 331.65 192.96 199.38 -2599.254 -1993.769 86.787 

1300 143.428 347.68 204.25 201.07 -2597.276 -1943.378 78.086 

1400 147.594 362.63 215.04 202.37 -2595.262 -1893.180 70.636 

1500 151.279 376.63 225.35 203.34 -2593.229 -1843.089 64.182 

1600 154.556 389.78 235.22 204.04 -2591.203 -1793.153 58.541 

-------------------------------- 1700 157.482 402.16 244.68 204.51 -2639.703 -1742.929 53.554 

1800 160.103 413.86 253.76 204.78 -2637.446 -1690.213 49.049 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

16.041 kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFER[NCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ... M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON ..•. M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c 0 ~ 

p 

c• ~ 

p 

c• ~ 

p 

336.114- 1.29800x10-2 T- 3.55746x103 T- 0 • 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1600 K, kyanite) 

543.227 - 0.103545 T + 6.68935x10-s T2 - 6.75436x1o 3 T-0 · 5 

+ 2.28751x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K, andalusite) 

313.470- 9.47081x10- 3 T- 3.16487x1o3 T- 0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K, sillimanite) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

K 

kJ 

4.4090 J/bar 

44.090 cm 3 
24 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Kyanite crystals 298.15 to 430.46 K. Andalusite crystals 430.46 to 

1016.9 K. Sillimanite crystals 1016.9 to 1800 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 84.47 84.47 122.35 -7.859 * -5.502 * 0.964 

UNCERTAINTY 0.44 0.44 0.15 0.433 0.389 0.068 

400 34.662 124.29 89.62 14 7. 86 -7.984 * -4.673 * 0.610 

430.46 42.875 135.35 92.47 153.47 -8.009 * -4.420 * 0.536 

-----------------------------~-------------------------------------------------- 430.46 52.084 144.56 92.47 153.27 -4.045 * -4.420 * 0.536 

500 66.904 168.29 101.39 163.49 -4.128 * -4.474 * 0.467 

600 83.910 199.07 115.16 173.66 -4.355 * -4.524 * 0.394 

700 97.246 226.38 129.13 180.42 -4.805 * -4.521 * 0.337 

800 107.954 250.79 142.84 185.14 -5.533 * -4.434 * 0.290 

-------------------------------- 900 116.736 272.81 156.011 188.71 -6.843 * -4.202 * 0.244 

1000 124.086 292.86 168.77 191.73 -7.095 * -3.897 * 0.204 

1016.90 125.214 296.07 170.86 192.21 -7.138 * -3.842 * 0.197 

--~----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1016.90 128.133 298.99 170.86 194.96 -4.170 * 

1100 133.269 314.40 181.13 197.21 -4.148 * 1200 138.692 331.65 192.96 199.38 -4.133 * 1300 143.428 347.68 204.25 201.07 -4.159 * 1400 147.594 362.63 215.04 202.37 -4.252 * 1500 151.279 376.63 225.35 203.34 -4.442 * 1600 154.556 389.78 235.22 204.04 -4.753 * 1700 157.482 402.16 244.68 204.51 -5.209 * 1800 160.103 413.86 253.76 204.78 -5.834 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

16.041 kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Si02 ••••.•• ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

336.114 - 1.29800x1o-2 T- 3.55746x1o3 T- 0 • 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1600 K, kyanite) 

-3.842 * 0.197 

-3.815 * 0.181 

-3.785 * 0.165 

-3.757 * 0.151 

-3.724 * 0.139 

-3.669 * 0.128 

-3.617 * 0.118 

-3.534 * 0.109 

-3.418 * 0.099 

K 

kJ 

4.4090 J/bar 

44.090 cm 3 

543.227 - 0.103545 T + 6.68935x1o- 5 T2 - 6.75436x10 3 T-0 • 5 

+ 2.28751x106 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K, andalusite) 

313.470- 9.47081x10-3 T- 3.16487x1o 3 T-0 • 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K, sillimanite) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 25 

Kyanite FORMULA WEIGHT 162.046 

Crystals 298.15 to 1600 K. See Al 2 Si0 5 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• 

T -<Gi-H2 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 84.4 7 84.47 

UNCERTAINTY 0.44 0.44 

400 34.662 124.29 89. 62 

500 59.024 159.14 100.11 

600 77.518 190.10 112.58 700 92.101 217.77 125.67 

800 103.924 242.68 138. 76 

900 113.707 265.29 151. 58 

1000 121.935 285.94 164.00 

1100 128.945 304.91 175.96 

1200 134.977 322.42 187.45 

1300 140.212 338.67 198.46 

1400 144.784 353.81 209.02 

1500 148.801 367.95 219.15 

1600 152.345 381.22 228.87 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

16.041 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ..• M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON ..•• M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

122.35 -2594.269 -2444.032 428.186 

0.15 (0. 4 33) (0. 389) (0. 068) 

147.86 -2595.216 -2392.497 312.429 

164.04 -2594.755 -2341.858 244.653 

175.31 -2593.522 -2291.381 199.483 

183.48 -2591.885 -2241.155 167.238 

189.57 -2590.091 -2191.163 143.069 

194. 17 -2588.328 -2141.398 124.284 

-------------------------------- 197.66 -2608.036 -2090.303 109.187 

200.30 -2605.917 -2038.631 96.807 

202.27 -2603.712 -1987.150 86.499 

203.70 -2601.457 -1935.847 77.784 

204.69 -2599.195 -1884.758 70.321 

205.32 -2596.947 -1833.793 63.859 

205.64 -2594.741 -1782.995 58.209 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 4.4090 J/bar 

44.090 cm 3 

336.114 - 1.29800x10-2 T - 3.55746x1o 3 T-a.s 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1600 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
26 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Kyanite FORMULA WEIGHT 162.046 

Crystals 298.15 to 1600 K. See Al 2 s1o 5 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (HT-Hi98)/T s• T -<c;-H29s)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mo1•K J/mo1•K kJ/mo1 kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 84.47 84.47 122.35 -7.859 * -5.502 * 0.964 

UNCERTAINTY 0.44 0.44 0.15 0.433 0.389 0.068 

400 34.662 124.29 89.62 147.86 -7.984 * -4.673 * 0.610 

500 59.024 159.14 100.11 164.04 -8.068 * -3.835 * 0.401 

600 77.518 190. 10 112.58 175.31 -8.190 * -2.978 0.259 

700 92.101 217.77 125.67 183.48 -8.406 * -2.094 0.156 

800 103.924 242.68 138.76 189.57 -8.757 * -1.170 * 0.076 

-------------------------------- 900 113.707 265.29 151. 58 194. 17 -9.569 

1000 121.935 285.94 164.00 197.66 -9.246 

1100 128.945 304.91 175.96 200.30 -8.905 * 1200 134.977 322.42 187.45 202.27 -8.591 * 1300 140.212 338.67 198.46 203.70 -8.340 * 1400 144.784 353.81 209.02 204.69 -8.185 * 1500 148.801 367.95 219.15 205.32 -8.160 * 1600 152.345 381.22 228.87 205.64 -8.291 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

16.041 kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Si0 2 .•••.•. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION{S) 

c• ~ 

p 336.114- 1.29800x10-2 T- 3.55746x10 3 T- 0 • 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1600 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

-0.156 * 0.009 

0.871 * -0.046 

1. 86 7 * -0.089 

2.834 * -0.123 

3. 7 74 * -0.152 

4.698 * -0. 17 5 

5.627 * -o .196 

6.541 * -0.214 

K 

kJ 

4.4090 J/bar 

44.090 cm3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 27 

Andalusite FORMULA WEIGHT 162.046 

Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. See Al 2Si0 5 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H; 98 )/T s• 

T -(G;-H; 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 93.77 93.77 

UNCERTAINTY 0.73 0.73 

400 34.587 133. 51 98.92 

500 58.906 168.29 109.39 

600 77.245 199.07 121.82 

700 91.533 226.38 134.85 

800 102.954 250.80 147.84 

900 112.291 272.81 160.52 

1000 120.087 292.86 172.77 

1100 126.730 311.26 184.53 

1200 132.512 328.33 195.81 

1300 137.651 344.28 206.63 

1400 142.320 359.32. 217.00 

1500 146.654 373.62 226.97 

1600 150.762 387.33 236.57 

1700 154.731 400.56 245.83 

1800 158.635 413.42 254.78 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

17.096 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ... M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON .... H. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

121.99 -2590.270 -2442.808 427.972 

0.26 (0. 641) (0. 484) (0. 085) 

147.67 -2591.247 -2392.217 312.393 

163.49 -2590.815 -2342.497 244.720 

173.66 -2589.687 -2292.928 199.618 

180.42 -2588.284 -2243.582 167.419 

185 .14 -2586.868 -2194.429 143.282 

188.71 -2585.603 -2145.446 124.519 

-------------------------------- 191.73 -2605.885 -2095.071 109.436 

194.61 -2604.354 -2044.063 97.065 

197.65 -2602.671 -1993.194 86.762 

201.08 -2600.787 -1942.466 78.050 

205.06 -2598.646 -1891.930 70.589 

209.72 -2596.168 -1841.524 64.128 

215.16 -2593.275 -1791.312 58.481 

-------------------------------- 221.4 7 -2640.381 -1740.882 53.491 

228.70 -2636.090 -1688.061 48.986 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 5.1530 J/bar 

51.530 cm 3 

c• 543.227- 0.103545 T + 6.68935x10-s T2 - 6.75436x1o 3 T-o.s p 

+ 2.28751x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
28 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Andalusite FORMULA WEIGHT 162.046 

Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. See Al 2Sio 5 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• -(Gi-H298)/T c• T p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mo1·K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 93.77 93.77 121. 99 -3.860 * -4.278 * 0.749 

UNCERTAINTY 0.73 0.73 0.26 0.641 0.484 0.085 

400 34.587 133.51 98.92 147.67 -4.015 * -4.393 * 0.574 

500 58.906 168.29 109.39 163.49 -4.128 * -4.474 * 0.467 

600 77.245 199.07 121.82 173.66 -4.355 * -4.525 * 0.394 

700 91 . 533 226.38 134.85 180.42 -4.805 * -4.521 * 0.337 

800 102.954 250.80 147.84 185.14 -5.534 * -4.436 * 0.290 

-------------------------------- 900 112.291 272.81 160.52 188.71 -6.844 * 1000 120.087 292.86 172.77 191.73 -7.095 * 

1100 126.730 311.26 184.53 194.61 -7.342 * 1200 132.512 328.33 195.81 197.65 -7.550 * 1300 137.651 344.28 206.63 201.08 -7.670 * 1400 142.320 359.32 217.00 205.06 -7.636 * 1500 146.654 373.62 226.97 209.72 -7.381 * 1600 150.762 387.33 236.57 215.16 -6.825 * 1700 154.731 400.56 245.83 221.47 -5.887 * 1800 158.635 413.42 254.78 228.70 -4.478 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

17.096 kJ MOLAR VOLU~!E 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Si0 2 .•••.•. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION{S) 

-4.204 * 0.244 

-3.897 * 0.204 

-3.565 * 0.169 

-3.210 * 0.140 

-2.845 * 0.114 

-2.474 * 0.092 

-2.103 * 0.073 

-1.775 * 0.058 

-1.486 * 0.046 

-1.266 * 0.037 

K 

kJ 

5.1530 J/bar 

51.530 cm 3 

c• ~ 543.227 - 0.103545 T + 6.68935x10- 5 T2 - 6.75436xl0 3 T-O.S p 

+ 2.28751x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 29 

Sillimanite FORMULA WEIGHT 162.046 

Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. See Al 2sto 5 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mo1 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 0.000 96.09 96.09 

UNCERTAINTY 0.55 0.55 

400 34.885 136.19 101. 30 

500 59.014 170.83 111.82 

600 7 7 .172 201.42 124.25 

700 91.423 228.68 137.26 

800 102.949 253.19 150.25 

900 112.484 275.42 162.94 

1000 120.512 295.73 175.22 

1100 127.365 314.40 187.03 

1200 133.279 331.65 198.37 

1300 138.431 347.68 209.25 

1400 142.954 362.63 219.68 

1500 146.949 376.63 229.68 

1600 150.496 389.78 239.28 

1700 153.661 402.16 248.50 

1800 156.494 413.86 257.36 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

17.414 kJ 

TRANSITIONS.IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ••. M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON .... M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

124.53 -2587.774 -2441.002 427.655 

0.16 (0. 537) (0. 443) (0 .078) 

14 7. 65 -2588.632 -2390.673 312.191 

162.46 -2588.265 -2341.214 244.586 

172.90 -2587.235 -2291.890 199.528 

180.59 -2585.865 -2242.776 167.359 

186.42 -2584.376 -2193.857 143.245 

190.93 -2582.933 -2145.123 124.500 

-------------------------------- 194.45 -2602.964 -2095.023 109.433 

107.2 J -2601.160 -2044.314 97.077 

199. 3R -2599.254 -1993.769 86.787 

201.07 -2597.277 -1943.380 78.086 

202.37 -2595.263 -1893.181 70.636 

203.34 -2593.230 -1843.092 64.182 

204.04 -2591.204 -1793.156 58.541 

-------------------------------- 204.51 -2639.704 -1742.930 53.554 

204.78 -2637.447 -1690.214 49.049 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 4.9900 J/bar 

49.900 cm 3 

c• p 313.470 - 9.47081x10- 3 T - 3.16487x1o 3 T- 0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
30 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Sillimanite FORMULA w·EIGHT 162.046 

Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. See Al 2Sio5 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. CHi-Hi 98 )/T so 

T -(Gi-H2 98 )/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 96.09 96.09 124.53 -1.364 * -2.472 * 0.433 

UNCERTAINTY 0.55 0.55 0.16 0.537 0.443 0.078 

400 34.885 136.19 101.30 147.65 -1.400 * -2.849 * 0.372 

500 59.014 170.83 111.82 162.46 -1.578 -3.192 * 0.333 

600 77.172 201.42 124.25 172.90 -1.903 -3.487 * 0.304 

700 91.423 228.68 137.26 180.59 -2.386 * -3.715 * 0.277 

800 102.949 253.19 150.2 5 186.42 -3.042 * -3.864 * 0.252 

-------------------------------- 900 112.484 275.42 162.94 190.93 -4.174 * 1000 120.512 295.73 175.22 194.45 -4.174 * 

1100 127.365 314.40 187.03 197.21 -4.148 * 1200 133.279 331.65 198.37 199.38 -4.133 

1300 138.431 347.68 209.25 201.07 -4.160 

1400 142.954 362.63 219.68 202.37 -4.253 * 1500 146.949 376.63 229.68 203.34 -4.443 * 1600 150.496 389.78 239.28 204.04 -4.754 * 1700 153.661 402.16 248.50 204.51 -5.210 * 1800 156.494 413.86 257.36 204.78 -5.835 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

17.414 kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Si0 2 .....•. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

co 

p 313.470 - 9.47081x10- 3 T - 3.16487x1o3 T-0 • 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

-3.881 * 0.225 

-3.849 * 0.201 

-3.816 * 0.181 

-3.785 * 0.165 

-3.759 * 0.151 

-3.725 * 0.139 

-3.671 * 0.128 

-3.620 * 0.118 

-3.535 * 0.109 

-3.419 * 0.099 

K 

kJ 

4.9900 J/bar 

49.900 cm3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 31 

Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. Numerous small transitions occur 

between 298 and 1800 K in this compound. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s 0 

T -cc.;:-Hi 98 )/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol·K J/mol·K J/mol·K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 168.60 168.60 

UNCERTAINTY 0.31 0. 31 

400 46.672 222.31 175.64 

500 77.520 267.08 189.56 

600 100.112 305.90 205.79 

700 117.549 340.13 222.58 

BOO 131.511 370.74 239.22 

900 143.006 398.40 255.40 

1000 152.671 423.65 270.98 

1100 160.936 446.86 285.93 

1200 168.102 468.35 300.25 1300 174.388 4 8 8. 34 313.95 

1400 179.954 507.04 327.09 

1500 184.923 524.60 339.67 

1600 189.391 541 .14 351.75 

1700 193.434 556.79 363.36 

1800 197.112 571.63 374.52 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

171.60 -2933.137 -2787.665 488.389 

0.86 (1.700) ( 1. 699) (0. 298) 

193.35 -2932.045 -2738.068 357.557 

207.63 -2929.979 -2689.810 281.004 

218.02 -2927.552 -2641.985 230.006 

225.98 -2925.149 -2594.598 193.612 

-------------------------------- 232.30 -2925.220 -2547.261 166.320 

237.45 -2923.225 -2500.114 145.103 

241.73 -2922.184 -2453.165 128.141 

245.35 -2922.151 -2406.289 114.266 

-------------------------------- 248.44 -2944.002 -2357.486 102.619 

251.12 -2939.505 -2308.815 92.770 

253.45 -2934.870 -2260.492 84.340 

255.49 -2930.110 -2212.473 77.046 

257.30 -2925.249 -2164.801 70.674 

-------------------------------- 258.90 -2970.804 -2116.977 65.047 

-------------------------------- 260.33 -3425.986 -2056.808 59.687 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

kJ 

7.2742 J/bar 

72.742 cm 3 

CALCIUM .... ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON ..•. M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

co = p 333.920- 2.32529x10- 3 T- 2.76608x10 3 T-0 · 5 - 6.52597x10 4 T-2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
32 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. Numerous small transitions occur 

between 298 and 1800 K in this compound. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H298)/T s• T -(G;-H2 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 168.60 168.60 171.60 -117.156 * -120.985 * 21. 196 

UNCERTAINTY 0.31 0.31 0.86 1.700 1. 699 0.298 

400 46.672 222.31 175.64 193.35 -117.085 * -122.301 * 15.971 

500 77.520 267.08 189.56 207.63 -116.945 * -123.621 * 12.915 

600 100.112 305.90 205.79 218.02 -116.754 * -124.973 10.880 

700 117.549 340.13 222.58 225.98 -116.554 * -126.357 9.429 

800 131.511 370.74 239.22 232.3p -116.384 * -127.770 * 8.343 

-------------------------------- 900 143.006 398.40 255.40 237.45 -116.571 * -129.168 * 1000 152.671 423.65 270.98 241.73 -115.512 * -130.618 * 

1100 160.936 446.86 285 :·93 245.35 -114.334 * -132.187 * 1200 168.102 468.35 300.25 248.44 -113.073 * -133.867 * 1300 174.388 488.34 313.95 251.12 :..111.855 * -135.647 * 1400 179.954 507.04 327.09 253.45 -110.445 -137.538 * 1500 184.923 524.60 339.67 255.49 -109.140 -139.510 * 1600 189.391 541.14 351.75 257.30 -107.873 * -141.581 * 1700 193.434 556.79 363.36 2 58. 90 -106.679 * -143.732 * 1800 197.112 571.63 374.52 260.33 -105.563 * -145.939 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

H29B - Ho kJ MOLAR VOLUME 7.2742 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 72.742 

Sio2 ••••.•. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• = p 333.920- 2.32529x10-3 T- 2.76608x1o 3 T-o.s- 6.52597x1o 4 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

7.497 

6.823 

6.277 

5.827 

5.450 

5.132 

4.858 

4.622 

4.416 

4.235 

K 

kJ 

J/bar 

3 em 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 33 

Larnite - Reference FORMULA WEIGHT 172.244 

Larnite crystals 298.15 to 970 K. Alpha' crystals 970 

to 1710 K. Alpha crystals 1710 to 1800 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H298)/T s• T -(G;-H29B) /T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/rnol•K J/rnol·K kJ/rnol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 126.72 126.72 12 8. 40 -2306.697 -2191.728 383.983 

UNCERTAINTY 1. 29 1. 29 0.24 (1. 328) (1. 039) (0 .182) 

400 34.960 166.95 131.99 144.97 -2306.157 -2152.484 281.087 

500 58.130 200.55 142.42 156.03 -2304.876 -2114.212 220.871 

600 75.157 229.76 154.60 164.19 -2303.287 -2076.214 180.751 

700 88.346 255.56 167.22 170.53 -2301.659 -2038.509 152.116 

-------------------------------- 800 98.950 278.68 179.73 175.64 -2301.629 -2000.843 130.642 

900 107.713 299.62 191.90 179.88 -2300 .177 -1963.316 113.948 

970 113.015 313.19 200.17 182.45 -2299.324 -1937.070 104.312 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

970 114.591 314. 7 6 200.17 179.40 -2297.796 -1937.070 104.312 

1000 116.552 320.24 203.69 180.52 -2297.880 -1925.984 100.604 

1100 122.545 337.63 215.09 184.49 -2297.909 -1888.811 89.693 

-------------------------------- 1200 127.885 353.87 225.98 188.83 -2312.359 -1850.347 80.544 

1300 132.752 369.17 236.41 193.56 -2309.006 -1812.000 72.807 

1400 137.276 383.69 246.42 198.66 -2305.254 -1773.920 66.186 

1500 141.548 397.59 256.04 204.14 -2301 .054 -1736.101 60.457 

1600 145.641 410.95 265.30 210.00 -2296.363 -1698.596 55.454 

-------------------------------- 1700 149.608 423.86 274.25 216.23 -2341.643 -1660.950 51.035 

1710 150.000 42 5. 13 275.13 216.88 -2341.063 -1657.089 50.619 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1710 158.415 433.55 275.13 199.60 -2326.673 -1657.089 50.619 

-------------------------------- 1800 160.474 443.78 283.31 199.60 -2629.977 -1615.059 46.868 

MELTING POINT 2403 K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

kJ MOLAR VOLUHE 

TRANSITIONS IN REFEPENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

CALCIUM .... ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON ••.• M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• 

p 

c• 

p 

c• = p 

249.689 - 2.09429xl0 3 T-0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1100 K, 1arnite) 

161.620 + 1.88970xl0- 5 T2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 800- 1800 K, alpha') 

199.600 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 1700 - 1800 K, alpha) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

5.1600 J/bar 

51.600 crn 3 
34 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Larnite - Reference FORMULA WEIGHT 172.244 

Larnite crystals 298.15 to 970 K. Alpha' crystals 970 

to 1710 K. Alpha crystals 1710 to 1800 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-Hz98 )/T s• T -(Gi-HZ98)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 126.72 126.72 128.40 -125.810 * -128.512 * 22.515 

UNCERTAINTY 1. 2 9 1. 29 0.24 1.328 1.039 0.182 

400 34.960 166.95 131 . 99 144.97 -125.894 * -129.420 * 16.901 

500 58 .130 200.55 142.42 156.03 -125.994 * -130.292 * 13.612 

600 75.157 229.76 154.60 164.19 -126.113 * -131.141 * 11.417 

700 88.346 255.56 167.22 170.53 -126.276 * -131.966 * 9.847 

800 98.950 278.68 179.73 175.64 -126.505 * -132.764 * 8.669 

-------------------------------- 900 107.713 299.62 191.90 179.88 -127.117 * -133.496 * 7.748 

970 113.015 313.19 200.17 182.45 -126.656 * -133.900 * 7. 211 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

970 114.591 314.76 200.17 179.40 -125.128 * -133.900 * 7.211 

1000 116.552 320.24 203.69 180.52 -125.060 * -134.278 * 7.014 

1100 122.545 337.63 215.09 184.49 -124.582 * -135.223 * 6.421 

1200 127.885 353.87 225.98 188.83 -123.889 * -136.219 * 5.929 

1300 132.752 369.17 236.41 193.56 -122.998 -137.281 * 5.516 

1400 137.276 383.69 246.42 198.66 -121.686 -138.431 * 5.165 

1500 141.548 397.59 256.04 204.14 -120.095 * -139.673 * 4.864 

1600 145.641 410.95 265.30 210.00 -118.123 * -141.046 * 4.605 

1700 149.608 423.86 274.25 216.23 -115.743 * -142.555 * 4.380 

1710 150.000 425.13 275.13 216.88 -115.486 * -142.739 * 4.361 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1710 158.415 433.55 275.13 199.60 -101.096 * -142.739 * 4.361 

1800 160.474 443.78 283.31 199.60 -100.337 * -144.918 * 4.205 

MELTING POINT 2403 K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

kJ MOLAR VOLUHE 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Si0 2 .•..... ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• = p 

c• = p 

c• p 

249.689 - 2.09429x1o 3 T- 0 • 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1100 K, larnite) 

161.620 + 1.88970xl0-5 T2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 800- 1800 K, alpha') 

199.600 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 1700 - 1800 K, alpha) 

COMPILED 9-3 0-7 9 

5.1600 J/bar 

51.600 cm 3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 35 

Larnite FORMULA WEIGHT 172.244 

Crystals 298.15 to 1100K. See Larnite reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM TilE ELENENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H~ 98 )/T so 

T -{G;-HZ9R)/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/rnol•K J/rnol·K J/rnol·K J/rnol•K kJ/rno1 kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 126.72 126.72 

UNCERTAINTY 1. 29 1. 29 

400 34.960 166.95 131.99 

500 58.130 200.55 142.42 

600 75.157 229.76 154.60 

700 88.346 255.56 167.22 

800 98.950 278.68 179.73 

900 107.713 299.62 191.90 

1000 115.114 318.76 203.65 

1100 121.471 336.39 214.92 

MELTING POINT 2403 K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

128.40 -2306.697 -2191.728 383.983 

0.24 (1.328) (1.039) (0 .182 ) 

144. 9 7 -2306.157 -2152.484 281.087 

156.03 -2304.876 -2114.212 220.871 

164. 19 -2303.287 -2076.214 180.751 

170.53 -2301.659 -2038.509 152.116 

-------------------------------- 175.64 -2301.629 -2000.843 130.642 

179.88 -2300.177 -1963.316 113.948 

183.4 6 -2299.318 -1925.938 100.601 

186.54 -2299.090 -1888.630 89.684 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 5.1600 J/bar 

51.600 crn 3 

CALCIUM •.•• ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON ••.. M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

co = 249.689- 2.09429x10 3 T-O.S p (EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1100 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
36 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Larnite FORMULA WEICHT 172.244 

Crystals 298.15 to llOOK. See Larnite reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H; 98 )/T so 

T -<c;-u; 98 )/T co 

p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J /mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 126.72 126.72 

UNCERTAINTY 1. 29 1. 29 

400 34.960 166.95 131.99 

500 58.130 200.55 142.42 

600 75.157 229.76 154.60 

700 88.346 255.56 167.22 

BOO 98.950 278.68 179.73 

900 107.713 299.62 191.90 1000 115.114 318.76 203.65 

1100 121.471 336.39 214.92 

MELTING POINT 2403 K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

128.40 -125.810 * -128.512 * 22.515 

0.24 1. 328 1.039 0.182 

144.97 -125.894 * -129.420 * 16.901 

156.03 -125.994 * -130.292 * 13.612 

164.19 -126.113 * -131.141 * 11.417 

170.53 -126.276 * -131.966 * 9.847 

175.64 -126.505 * -132.764 * 8.669 

-------------------------------- 179.88 -127.117 * -133.496 * 7.748 

183.46 -126.498 * -134.232 * 7.012 

186.54 -125.763 * -135.042 * 6.413 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 5.1600 J/bar 

51.600 cm3 

Si0 2 .••••.. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c 0 = 249.689 - 2.09429xl0 3 T- 0 · 5 p (EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1100 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 37 

Calcium olivine - Reference FORMULA WEIGHT 172.244 

Calcium olivine crystals 298.15 to 1120 K. Alpha' crystals 1120 

to 1710 K. Alpha crystals 1710 to 1800 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -<G;-H; 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 0.000 120.50 120.50 125.69 -2316.534 -2199.710 385.382 

UNCERTAINTY 2.04 2.04 0.39 (2. 441) (1. 881) (0.330) 

400 33.995 159.63 125.63 140.30 -2316.380 -2159.780 282.040 

500 56.348 192 .11 135.76 150.85 -2315.604 -2120.720 221.551 

600 72.850 220.41 147.56 159.63 -2314.508 -2081.829 181.240 

700 85.794 245.59 159.80 167.07 -2313.282 -2043.156 152.463 

-------------------------------- 800 96.354 268.32 171.97 173.25 -2313.543 -2004.473 130.879 

900 105.181 289.02 183.84 178.14 -2312.293 -1965.897 114.098 

1000 112.666 307.99 195.32 181.69 -2311.603 -1927.450 100.680 

1100 119.050 325.42 206.37 183.86 -2311.590 -1889.055 89.704 

1120 120.210 328.73 208.52 184.13 -2328.413 -1880.616 87.709 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1120 132.441 340.96 208.52 185.32 -2314.714 -1880.616 87.709 

-------------------------------- 1200 136.082 353.87 217.79 188.83 -2312.360 -1850.348 80.544 

1300 140.319 369. 17 228.85 193.56 -2309.006 -1811.998 72.807 

1400 144.301 383.69 239.39 198.66 -2305.255 -1773.921 66.186 

1500 148.106 397.59 249.48 204.14 -2301.054 -1736.101 60.457 

1600 151.789 410.94 259.16 210.00 -2296.363 -1698.594 55.454 

-------------------------------- 1700 155.395 423.86 268.47 216.23 -2341.643 -1660.950 51.035 

1710 155.752 425.13 269.38 216.88 -2341.063 -1657.089 50.619 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1710 164 .16 7 433.55 269.38 199.60 -2326.673 -1657.089 ·50.619 

-------------------------------- 1800 165.939 443.78 277.85 199.60 -2629.978 -1615.060 46.868 

HELTING POINT K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

MOLAR VOLUHE 5.9110 J/bar 

59.110 cm 3 

CALCIU~l .... ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON .... M.P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• p 

c• = p 

c• 

p 

0.106586 T- 8.15012xl0- 5 T2 + 1.65638x103 T-0. 5 - 2.36007xl06 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K, calcium olivine) 

161.620 + 1.88970x10-5 T2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 800- 1800 K, alpha') 

199.600 

(EQUATION VALID FROH 1700 - 1800 K, alpha) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
38 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Calcium olivine - Reference FORMULA WEIGHT 172.244 

Calcium olivine crystals 298.15 to 1120 K. Alpha' crystals 1120 

to 1710 K. Alpha crystals 1710 to 1800 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H298)/T s• T -<G;-H; 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 120.50 120.50 125.69 -135.647 * -136.494 * 23.913 

UNCERTAINTY 2.04 2.04 0.39 2.441 1. 881 0.330 

400 33.995 159.63 125.63 140.30 -136.117 * -136.717 * 17.853 

500 56.348 192.11 135.76 150.85 -136.722 * -136.800 * 14.291 

600 72.850 220.41 147.56 159.63 -137.334 -136.756 * 11.906 700 85.794 245.59 159.80 167.07 -137.899 -136.613 * 10.194 

800 96.354 268.32 171.97 173.25 -138.419 * -136.394 * 8.906 

-------------------------------- 900 105.181 289.02 183.84 178.14 -139.233 * -136.076 * 7.898 

1000 112.666 307.99 195.32 181.69 -138.783 * -135.744 * 7.091 

1100 119.050 325.42 206.37 183.86 -138.263 * -135.468 * 6.433 

1120 120.210 328.73 208.52 184.13 -138.162 * -135.418 * 6.311 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1120 132.441 340.96 208.52 185.32 -124.463 * -135.418 * 6. 311 1200 136.082 353.87 217.79 188.83 -123.890 * -136.220 5.930 1300 140.319 369.17 228.85 193.56 -122.998 * -137.279 5.516 1400 144.301 383.69 239.39 198.66 -121.687 * -138.432 * 5.165 1500 148.106 397.59 249.48 204.14 -120.095 * -139.673 * 4.864 1600 151.789 410.94 259.16 210.00 -118.123 * -141.045 * 4.605 1700 155.395 423.86 268.47 216.23 -115.743 -142.555 * 4.380 1710 155.752 425.13 269.38 216.88 -115.486 -142.739 * 4.361 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1710 164.167 433.55 269.38 199.60 -101.096 * -142.739 * 4.361 1800 165.939 443.78 277.85 199.60 -100.338 * -144.919 * 4.205 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

MOLAR VOLUHE 5.9110 J/bar 

59.110 cm 3 

Si02 ....... ALPHA - BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• = p 

c• = p 

c• = p 

106.586 T- 8.15012xl0-5 T2 + 1.65638x1o 3 T-o.s- 2.36007x1o 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K, calcium olivine) 

161.620 + 1.BB970xlO-s T2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 800 • 1800 K, alpha') 

199.600 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 1700 - 1800 K, alpha) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 39 

Calcium olivine FORMULA WEIGHT 172.244 

Crystals 298.15 to 1200 K. See Calcium olivine reference 

table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FRO~! THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. <Hi-H2 98 )/T s• T -(G;-H; 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 120.50 120.50 

UNCERTAINTY 2.04 2. 04 

400 33.995 159.63 125.63 

500 56.348 192. 11 135.76 

600 72.850 220.41 147.56 

700 85.794 245.59 159.80 

800 96.354 268.32 171.97 

900 105.181 289.02 183.84 

1000 112.666 307.99 195.32 

1100 119.050 325.42 206.37 

1200 124.492 341.46 216.97 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

125.69 -2316.534 -2199.710 385.382 

0.39 (2.441) (1.881) (0. 330) 

140.30 -2316.380 -2159.780 282.040 

150.85 -2315.604 -2120.720 221.551 

159.63 -2314.508 -2081.829 181.240 

167.07 -2313.282 -2043.156 152.463 

-------------------------------- 173.25 -2313.543 -2004.473 130.879 

178.14 -2312.293 -1965.897 114.098 

181.69 -2311.603 -1927.450 100.680 

183.86 -2311.590 -1889.055 89.704 

-------------------------------- 184.62 -2326.267 -1849.363 80.501 

BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

K 

kJ 

5.9110 J/bar 

59.110 cm3 

CALCIUM ..•• ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON •... M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• = p 0.106586 T- 8.15012x10- 5 T2 + 1.65638x10 3 T-0 · 5 - 2.36007x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
40 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Calcium olivine FORMULA WEIGHT 172.244 

Crystals 298.15 to 1200 K. See Calcium olivine reference 

table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. cn;-n2 98 )/T s• T -<G;-n2 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mo1•K J/mol•K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 120.50 120.50 

UNCERTAINTY 2.04 2.04 

400 33.995 159.63 125.63 

500 56.348 192.11 135.76 600 72.850 220.41 147.56 700 85.794 245.59 159.80 800 96.354 268.32 171.97 

900 105.181 289.02 183.84 

1000 112.666 307.99 195.32 

1100 119.050 325.42 206.37 

1200 124.492 341.46 216.97 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

125.69 -135.647 * -136.494 * 23.913 

0.39 2.441 1. 881 0.330 

140.30 -136.117 * -136.717 * 17.853 

150.85 -136.722 * -136.800 14.291 

159.63 -137.334 * -136.756 11.906 

167.07 -137.899 * -136.613 * 10.194 

173.25 -138.419 * -136.394 * 8.906 

-------------------------------- 178.14 -139.233 * -136.076 * 7.898 

181.69 -138.783 * -135.744 * 7.091 

183.86 -138.263 * -135.468 * 6.433 

184.62 -137.797 * -135.235 * 5.887 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 5.9110 J/bar 

59.110 cm3 

S10 2 ••.•••• ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• R 

p 0.106586 T - 8.15012x10-s T2 + 1.65638x1o3 T-o.s - 2.36007x10 6 T-2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 41 

Rankinite FORMULA WEIGHT 288.408 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (H.;:-n298)/T s• -<G.;:-H2 98 )/T c• T p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 210.60 210.60 

UNCERTAINTY 2. 94 2. 94 

400 58.460 277.87 219.41 

500 97.182 334.04 236.86 

600 125.462 382.66 257.20 

700 147.131 425.37 278.24 

800 164.299 463.35 299.05 

900 178.236 497.46 319.23 

1000 189.757 528.38 338.62 

1100 199.417 556.59 357.17 

1200 207.607 582.49 374.e9 

1300 214.612 606.40 391.79 

1400 220.642 628.56 407.92 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

214.37 -3985.428 -3773.475 661.100 

0.71 (3. 200) (2. 466) (0. 432) 

242.56 -3984.799 -3717.493 485.457 

260.39 -3982.967 -3650.878 381.406 

272.60 -3980.721 -3584.647 312.073 

281.22 -3978.551 -3518.825 262.579 

-------------------------------- 287.39 -3978.972 -34 53.013 225.460 

291.80 -3977.489 -3387.330 196.596 

2 94. 91 -3977.158 -3321.788 173.513 

296.99 -3978.058 -3256.241 154.627 

-------------------------------- 298.29 -4001.083 -3188.650 13!l. 799 

29!L94 -3998.020 -3121.107 125.408 

299.06 -3995.089 -3053.789 113.939 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

HOLAR VOLUHE 9.6506 J/bar 

96.506 cm 3 

CALCIUH ..•. ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON .... M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• 

p 473.209- 2.10355x10- 2 T- 4.31880x10 3 T- 0 · 5 + 3.39720x10 5 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1400 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
42 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Rankinite FORMULA WEIGHT 288.408 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H; 98 )/T so 

T -cG;-H; 98 )/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 210.60 210.60 

UNCERTAINTY 2. 94 2. 94 

400 58.460 277.87 219.41 

500 97.182 334.04 236.86 

600 125.462 382.66 257.20 

700 147.131 425.37 278.24 

800 164.299 463.35 299.05 

900 178.236 497.46 319.23 

1000 189.757 528.38 338.62 

1100 199.417 556.59 357.17 

1200 207.607 582.49 374,89 

1300 214.612 606.40 391.79 

1400 220.642 628.56 407.92 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

214.37 -258.748 * -250.507 * 43.888 

0.71 3.200 2.466 0.432 

242.56 -258.970 * -264.069 * 34.484 

260.39 -259.355 * -265.306 * 27.716 

272.60 -259.997 * -266.439 * 23.196 

281.22 -260.998 * -267.437 * 19.957 

287.39 -262.437 * -268.266 * 17.516 

-------------------------------- 291.80 -264.963 * -268.815 * 15.602 

294.91 -265.370 * -269.217 * 14.063 

296.99 -265.894 * -269.580 * 12.801 

298.29 -266.602 * -269.886 * 11.748 

298.94 -267.647 * -270.118 * 10.854 

299.06 -268.810 * -270.275 * 10.084 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 9.6506 J/bar 

96.506 cm 3 

Sio 2 ...•.•. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

co 

p 473.209 - 2.10355x10- 2 T- 4.31880xlo 3 T- 0 · 5 + 3.39720x10 5 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1400 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 43 

Gehlenite FORMULA WEIGHT 274.205 

Crystals 298.15 to melting point 1863 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-Hi98)/T s• T -<Gi-Hi98)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 209.89 209.89 

UNCERTAI-NTY 0.97 0.97 

400 56.575 274.96 218.38 

500 94.688 330.03 235.34 600 122.823 378.03 255.21 700 144.540 420.38 275.84 

800 161.847 458.16 296.31 

900 175.990 492.21 316.22 

1000 187.786 523.17 335.39 

1100 197.801 551.57 353.77 

1200 206.439 577.80 371.36 

1300 214.003 602.19 388.19 1400 220.718 625.01 404.30 

1500 226.761 646.49 419.73 

1600 232.271 666.82 434.55 

1700 237.360 686.14 448.78 

1800 242.118 704.60 462.49 

MELTING POINT 1863 K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

205.39 -3981.707 -3782.886 662.749 

0.57 (2. 4 58) (2. 329) (0 .408) 

236.58 -3982.155 -3714.806 485.106 

256.37 -3981.077 -3648.085 381.114 

269.82 -3979.373 -3581.630 311.810 

279.34 -3977.601 -3515.496 262.331 

-------------------------------- 286.34 -3977.591 -3449.402 225.224 

291.71 -3976.453 -3383.434 196.370 

-------------------------------- 296.05 -3997.589 -3316.032 173.212 

299.76 -3997.679 -3247.884 154.230 

-------------------------------- 303.14 -4012.323 -3178.448 138.355 

306.38 -4009.339 -3109.075 124.925 

309.66 -4006.178 -3039.975 113.423 

313.10 -4002.802 -2971.060 103.462 

316.80 -3999.190 -2902.409 94.754 

-------------------------------- 320.82 -4045.800 -2833.561 87.065 

-------------------------------- 325.24 -4348.290 -2755.625 79.966 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

kJ 

9.0240 J/bar 

90.240 cm 3 

CALCIUM •.•. ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

ALUMINUM ••• M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON •••• M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION{S) 

c• c 588.351 - 6.71533x1o- 2 T + 3.89086x10-5 T2 - 6.27433x1o 3 T-0 • 5 

p 

+ 1.51047x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
44 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Gehlenite FORMULA WEIGHT 274.205 

Crystals 298.15 to melting point 1863 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H298)/T s• T -<Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol·K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 209.89 209.89 205.39 -125.109 * -137.428 * 24.077 

UNCERTAINTY 0.97 0.97 0.57 2. 458 2.329 0.408 

400 56.575 274.96 218.38 236.58 -125.529 -141.574 * 18.488 

500 94.688 330.03 235.34 256.37 -126.086 -145.525 * 15.203 

600 122.823 378.03 255.21 269.82 -126.793 * -149.349 * 13.002 

700 144.540 420.38 275.84 279.34 -127.697 * -153.039 * 11.420 

800 161.847 458.16 296.31 286.34 -128.832 * -156.585 * 10.224 

-------------------------------- 900 175.990 492.21 316.22 291.71 -130.506 * -159.940 * 9.283 

1000 187.786 523.17 335.39 296.05 -131.095 * -163.176 * 8.523 

1100 197.801 551.57 353.77 299.76 -131.687 * -166.357 * 7.900 

1200 206.439 577.80 371.36 303.14 -132.284 * -169.482 * 7.377 

1300 214.003 602.19 388.19 306.38 -132.937 * -172.555 * 6.933 

1400 220.718 62 5. 01 404.30 309.66 -133.454 -175.590 * 6. 551 

1500 226.761 646.49 419.73 313.10 -133.993 -178.570 * 6.218 

1600 232.271 666.82 434.55 316.80 -134.467 * -181.532 * 5.926 

1700 237.360 686.14 448.78 320.82 -134.855 * -184.466 * 5.668 

1800 242.118 704.60 462.49 325.24 -135.112 * -187.373 * 5.437 

MELTING POINT 1863 K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

MOLAR VOLUME 9.0240 J/bar 

90.240 cm 3 

Si02 ••.••.• ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• • 588.351 - 6.71533x10-2 T + 3.89086x10-5 T2 - 6.27433x10 3 T-0 • 5 

p 

+ 1.51047x106 T-2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 45 

Grossulsr FORMULA WEIGHT 450.454 

Crystals 298.15 to 1400 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (H;-H298)/T s• T -<G;-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 255.97 255.97 UNCERTAINTY 2. 95 2.95 

400 92.227 361.99 269.76 500 155.482 452.99 297.51 

600 202.582 532.80 330.22 

700 239.046 603.34 364.30 

800 268.070 666.25 398.18 

900 291.657 722.82 431.16 

1000 311.138 774.07 462.93 

1100 327.442 820.82 493.37 

1200 341.236 863.71 522.47 1300 353.016 903.28 550.26 1400 363.162 939.97 576.81 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

47.047 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

330.51 -6636.338 -6274.723 1099.310 

0.15 (3. 220) (2. 583) (0. 4 53) 

389.09 -6637.014 -6150.923 803.232 

425.32 -6634.725 -6029.647 629.916 

449.24 -6631.123 -5908.932 514.421 

465.39 -6627.209 -5788.899 431.975 

-------------------------------- 476.38 -6625.827 -5669.117 370.157 

483.83 -6622.715 -5549.686 322.097 

-------------------------------- 488.77 -6642.389 -5429.040 283.585 

491.93 -6641.628 -5307.775 252.046 

-------------------------------- 493.83 -6663.054 -5184.609 225.681 

494.83 -6658.468 -5061.614 203.379 

495.21 -6654.095 -4938.997 184.277 

BOILING POII\T K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUNE 

kJ 

12.5300 J/bar 

125.300 cm 3 

CALCIUM •.•• ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

ALUMINUM ... M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON .... M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• • 985.362- 9.66435x10- 2 T + 3.35314x10-s T2 - 1.07077x104 T-o.s p 

+ 1.77080x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1400 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
46 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Grossular FORMULA WEIGHT 450.454 

Crystals 298.15 to 1400 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 255.97 255.97 330.51 -323.248 * -313.225 * 54.876 

UNCERTAINTY 2.95 2. 95 0.15 3.220 2.583 0.453 

400 92.22 7 361.99 269.76 389.09 -323.953 -309.675 * 40.440 

500 155.482 452.99 297.51 425.32 -324.426 -306.053 * 31.973 600 202.582 532.80 330.22 449.24 -325.067 * -302.322 * 26.320 700 239.046 603.34 364.30 465.39 -326.176 * -298.449 * 22.271 

800 268.070 666.25 398.18 476.38 -327.957 * -294.378 * 19.221 

-------------------------------- 900 291.657 722.82 431.16 483.83 -331.430 * -289.929 * 16.82 7 

1000 311.138 774.07 462 .• 93 488.77 -331.811 * -285.295 * 14.902 

1100 327.442 820.82 493.37 491.93 -332.452 * -280.617 * 13.325 

1200 341.236 863.71 522.47 493.83 -333.452 * -275.861 * 12.008 

1300 353.016 903.28 550.26 494.83 -334.977 * -271.005 * 10.889 1400 363.162 939.97 576.81 495.21 -336.806 * -266.028 * 9.926 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

47.047 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

MOLAR VOLUME 12.5300 J/bar 

125.300 cm3 

Sio2 ••.•••. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• • 985.362- 9.66435x1o- 2 T + 3.35314x1o-5 T2 - 1.07077x104 T-0 • 5 

p 

+ 1.77080x10 6 T-2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1400 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 47 

Zoisite FORMULA WEIGHT 454.363 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H.;-HZ98)/T s• T -<Gi-n2 98 ) /T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol·K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298 .15 o.ooo 295.88 295.88 350.86 -6891.117 -6495.296 1137.954 

UNCERTAINTY 0.72 0.72 0.48 (2. 080) (2. 022) (0. 3 54) 

400 97.635 408.13 310.50 411.31 -6892.551 -6359.695 830.495 

500 164.514 504.38 339.86 450.35 -6890.830 -6226.657 650.497 

600 214.590 589.07 374.48 478.14 -6887.457 -6094.097 530.541 

700 253.787 664.41 410.62 498.85 -6883.311 -5962.212 444.908 

-------------------------------- 800 285.456 7 32. 10 446.65 514.77 -6880.441 -5830.734 380.710 

900 311.657 793.49 481.83 526.28 -6876.128 -5699.747 330.806 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

CALCIUM ..•. ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

ALUMINUM ... M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON ..•. M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c 0 = p 834.622 - l.98447xl0-2 T- 8.14875x10 3 T-0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 900 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

13.6520 J/bar 

136.520 cm 3 
48 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Zoisite FORMULA WEIGHT 454.363 

FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H298)/T so 

T -(G;-H298)/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mo1•K J/mo1·K J/mo1•K J/mo1•K kJ/mo1 kJ/mo1 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 295.88 295.88 350.86 -232.361 * -227.585 * 39.872 

UNCERTAINTY 0.72 0.72 0.48 2.080 2.022 0.354 

-------------------------------- 400 97.635 408.13 310.50 411.31 -254.577 * -224.110 * 29.266 

500 164.514 504.38 339.86 450.35 -254.706 * -216.481 22.616 

600 214.590 589.07 374.48 478.14 -254.929 * -208.815 18.179 

700 253.787 664.41 410.62 498.85 -255.399 * -201.093 * 15.006 

800 285.456 732.10 446.65 514.77 -256.230 * -193.288 * 12.620 

-------------------------------- 900 311.657 793.49 481.83 526.28 -258.387 * -185.243 * 10.751 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

kJ NOLAR VOLUNE 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Sio2 .••••.. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

H20 •.•..••. B. P. 372.8 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

co 

p 834.622 - 1.98447x10-2 T - 8.14875x1o 3 T-0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 900 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

13.6520 J/bar 

136.520 cm 3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 49 

CaSi03 : Wollastonite crystals 298.15 to 1398 K. Cyclowollastonite is the 

stable phase above 1398 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H~ 98 )/T so 

T -<c;-H; 98 )/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 81.03 81.03 87.56 -1634.766 -1549.164 271.408 

UNCERTAINTY 0.68 0.68 0.55 (0. 702) (0. 608) (0.107) 

400 23.967 108.60 84.63 99.71 -1634.490 -1519.929 198.483 

500 39.936 131.73 91.80 107.41 -1633.684 -1491.381 155.804 

600 51.657 151.82 100.17 112.81 -1632.658 -1463.006 127.367 

700 60.691 169.53 108.83 116.80 -1631.593 -1434.821 107.068 

-------------------------------- ROO 67.904 185.33 117.43 119.86 -1631.334 -1406.691 91.848 

900 73.817 199.59 125.78 122.29 -1630.382 -1378.657 80.016 

1000 78.766 212.58 133.82 124.26 -1629.752 -1350.726 70.555 

1100 82.979 224.51 141.53 125.91 -1629.467 -1322.850 62.817 

-------------------------------- 1200 86.617 235.52 148.91 127.32 -1636.486 -1294.342 56.341 

1300 89.796 245.76 155.97 128.56 -1634.731 -1265.915 50.865 

1398 92.553 2 55. 15 162.60 129.65 -1632.970 -1238.183 46.263 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1398 96.691 259.29 162.60 129.53 -1627.185 -1238.183 46.263 

1400 96.738 259.47 162.73 129.56 -1627.150 -1237.632 46.177 

1500 98.965 268.45 169.49 130.73 -1625 .31P -1209.863 42.131 

1600 100.984 276.92 17 5. 94 131.78 -1623.436 -1182.233 38.596 

-------------------------------- 1700 102.825 284.94 182.12 132.73 -1672.018 -1154.277 35.467 

-------------------------------- 1800 104.511 292.55 188.04 133.60 -1823.266 -1120.516 32.517 

MELTING POI!\! K BOILIKG POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

MOLAR VOLUME 3.9930 J/bar 

39.930 cm 3 

CALCIUM .... ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON ...• M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c 0 = p 

co 

p 

192.773 - 9.11511xl0- 3 T + 4.41319x10- 6 T2 - 1.72960x10 3 T- 0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1500 K, wollastonite) 

167.255- 3.62159xl0-4 T- 1.37237x103 T- 0 • 5 - 9.73908x103 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K, cyclowollastonite) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
50 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

CaSi0 3 : Wollastonite crystals 298.15 to 1398 K. Cyclowollastonite is the 

stable phase above 1398 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. cu;-u;98 )/T s• T -(Gi-HZ98)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 81.03 81.03 87.56 -88.973 * -89.412 * 15.665 UNCERTAINTY 0.68 0.68 o.ss 0.702 0.608 0.107 

400 23.967 108.60 84.63 99.71 -88.924 * -89.569 * 11.697 500 39.936 131.73 91.80 107.41 -88.954 * -89.729 * 9.374 600 51.657 151.82 100.17 112.81 -89.108 -89.872 * 7.824 700 60.691 169.53 108.83 116.80 -89.423 -89.976 * 6. 714 800 67.904 185.33 117.43 119.86 -89.923 * -90.024 * 5.878 

-------------------------------- 900 73.817 199.59 125.78 122.29 -90.916 * -89.962 * 5.221 1000 78.766 212.58 133.82 124.26 -90.784 * -89.861 * 4.694 

1100 82.979 224.51 141.53 125.91 -90.630 * -89.777 * 4.263 1200 86.617 235.52 148.91 127.32 -90.475 * -89.705 * 3.905 1300 89.796 245.76 155.97 128.56 -90.366 * -89.646 * 3.602 1398 92.553 255.15 162.60 129.65 -90.224 * -89.596 * 3.348 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1398 96.691 259.29 162.60 129.53 -84.439 * -89.596 * 1400 96.738 259.47 162. 73 129.56 -84.439 -89.607 1500 98.965 268.45 169.49 130.73 -84.370 -89.970 1600 100.984 276.92 175.94 131.78 -84.333 * -90.353 * 1700 102.825 284.94 182.12 132.73 -84.344 * -90.731 * 1800 104.511 292.55 188.04 133.60 -84.408 * -91.103 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

H298 - HO kJ MOLAR VOLUME 3.9930 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 39.930 

Si02 ••.••.• ALPHA - BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EOUATION(S) 

c• - p 

c• K 

p 

192.773 - 9.11511x10-3 T + 4.41319x10- 6 T2 - 1.72960x10 3 r- 0 • 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1500 K, wollastonite) 

167.255- 3.62159x10- 4 T- 1.37237x103 T-0 · 5 - 9.73908x10 3 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K, cyclowol1astonite) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

3.348 

3.343 

3.133 

2.950 

2.788 

2.644 

K 

kJ 

J/bar 

3 em 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 51 

Wollastonite FORMULA WEIGHT 116.164 

CaSi0 3 : Crystals 298.15 to 1500 K. See CaSi0 3 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FRO~! THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (H;-u; 98 )/T so 

T -<G;-n2 98 )/T co p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mo1•K J/mol•K kJ/rnol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 81.03 81.03 

UNCERTAINTY 0.68 0.68 

400 23.967 108.60 84.63 

500 39.936 131.73 91.80 

600 51.657 151.82 100.17 

700 60.691 169.53 108.83 

800 67.904 185.33 117.43 

900 73.817 199.59 125.78 

1000 78.766 212.58 133.82 

1100 82.979 224.51 141.53 

1200 86.617 235.52 148.91 

1300 89.796 245.76 155.97 

1400 92.606 255.33 162.73 

1500 95.112 264.32 169.20 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

87.56 -1634.766 -1549.164 271.408 

0.55 (0. 702) (0. 608) (0.107) 

99.71 -1634.490 -1519.929 198.483 

107.41 -1633.684 -1491.381 155.804 

112.81 -1632.658 -1463.006 127.367 

116.80 -1631.593 -1434.821 107.068 

-------------------------------- 119.86 -1631.334 -1406.691 91.848 

122.29 -1630.382 -1378.657 80.016 

124.26 -1629.752 -1350.726 70.555 

125.91 -1629.467 -1322.850 62.817 

-------------------------------- 127.32 -1636.486 -1294.342 56.341 

128.56 -1634.731 -1265.915 50.865 

129.67 -1632.935 -1237.623 46.176 

130.70 -1631.098 -1209.441 42.117 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 3.9930 J/bar 

39.930 cm 3 

CALCIUM •..• ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON .••• M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

co - p 192.773 - 9.1151lx10- 3 T + 4.41319x10- 6 T2 - 1.72960x103 T- 0 · 5 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1500 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
52 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Wollastonite FORMULA WEIGHT 116.164 

CaSi0 3 : Crystals 298.15 to 1500 K. See CaSi0 3 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 81.03 81.03 87.56 -88.973 * -89.412 * 15.665 

UNCERTAINTY 0.68 0.68 o.ss 0.702 0.608 0.107 

400 23.967 108.60 84.63 99.71 -88.924 * -89.569 * 11.697 

500 39.936 131.73 91.80 107.41 -88.954 * -89.729 * 9.374 

600 51.657 151.82 100.17 112.81 -89.108 -89.872 * 7.824 

700 60.691 169.53 108.83 116.80 -89.423 -89.976 * 6. 714 

800 67.904 185.33 117.43 119.86 -89.923 * -90.024 * 5.878 

-------------------------------- 900 73.817 199.59 125.78 122.29 -90.916 * -89.962 * 1000 78.766 212.58 133.82 124.26 -90.784 * -89.861 * 

1100 82.979 224.51 141.53 125.91 -90.630 * -89.777 * 1200 86.617 235.52 148.91 127.32 -90.475 -89.705 * 1300 89.796 245.76 155.97 128.56 -90.366 -89.646 * 1400 92.606 255.33 162.73 129.67 -90.224 * -89.599 * 1500 95.112 264.32 169.20 130.70 -90.150 * -89.547 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

H298 - H;; kJ MOLAR VOLUME 3.9930 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 39.930 

Sio2 ....... ALPHA - BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• = p 192.773- 9.11511x10-3 T + 4.41319x1o-6 T2 - 1.72960x1o3 T-o.s 

{EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1500 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

5.221 

4.694 

4.263 

3.905 

3.602 

3.343 

3 .118 

K 

kJ 

J/bar 

3 em 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 53 

Cyclowollastonite (Pseudowollastonite) FORMULA WEIGHT 116.164 

CaSi0 3 : Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. See CaSi0 3 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (HT-HZ98)/T s• T -(G.f-Hz 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol·K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 87.24 87.24 

UNCERTAINTY 0.91 0.91 

400 23.750 114.57 90.82 

500 39.416 137.32 97.91 

600 50.888 157.05 106.16 

700 59.746 174.44 114.69 

800 66.846 190.00 123.15 

900 72.701 204.08 131.37 

1000 77.632 216.93 139.30 

1100 81.858 228.76 146.90 

1200 85.532 239.71 154.18 

1300 88.762 249.92 161.16 

1400 91.629 259.47 167.84 

1500 94.198 268.45 174.25 

1600 96.514 276.92 180.41 

1700 98.618 284.94 186.32 

1800 100.537 292.55 192.02 

MELTING POINT 1817 K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING 27.405 kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

87.45 -1627.614 -1543.865 270.480 

1.55 (0. 932) (0. 784) (0 .13 7) 

98.29 -1627.425 -1515.253 197.873 

105.48 -1626.792 -1487.284 155.376 

110.77 -1625.967 -1459.449 127.057 

114.86 -1625.103 -1431.771 106.840 

-------------------------------- 118.14 -1625.028 -1404.120 91.680 

120.84 -1624.234 -1376.542 79.893 

12 3. 12 -1623.734 -1349.052 70.468 

125.07 -1623.548 -1321.606 62.758 

-------------------------------- 126.76 -1630.636 -1293.520 56.306 

128.24 -1628.924 -1265.510 50.849 

129.56 -1627.150 -1237.633 46.177 

130.73 -1625.317 -1209.864 42.131 

131.78 -1623.436 -1182.233 38.596 

-------------------------------- 132.73 -1672.018 -1154.278 35.467 

-------------------------------- 133.60 -1823.266 -1120.518 32.517 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLU~lE 

kJ 

4.0080 J/bar 

40.080 cm 3 

CALCIUM .... ALPHA-BETA 737, M.P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

SILICON .... M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION{S) 

167.255 - 3.62159x10- 4 T- 1.37237x10 3 T-0 • 5 - 9.73908x10 3 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
54 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Cyc1owo11astonite (Pseudowollastonite) FORMULA WEIGHT 116.164 

CaSi0 3 : Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. See CaSio 3 reference table. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-HZ98)/T s• T -<G;-HZ98)/T c• p ENTHAT.PY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 87.24 87.24 UNCERTAINTY 0.91 0.91 

400 23.750 114.57 90.82 500 39.416 137.32 97.91 600 50.888 157.05 106.16 

700 59.746 174.44 114.69 800 66.846 190.00 123.15 

900 72.701 204.08 131 .J 7 1000 77.632 216.93 139.30 

1100 81 .858 228.76 146.90 

1200 85.532 239.71 154.18 1300 88.762 249.92 161 .16 1400 91.629 259.47 167.84 1500 94.198 268.45 174.25 

1600 96.514 276.92 180.41 1700 98.618 284.94 186.32 1800 100.537 292.55 192.02 

MELTING POINT 1817 K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING 27.405 kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

87.45 -81.821 * -84.113 * 14.736 

1.55 0.932 0.784 0.137 

98.29 -81.859 * -84.893 * 11.086 

105.48 -82.062 * -85.633 * 8.946 

110.77 -82.417 * -86.315 * 7.514 

114.86 -82.933 * -86.926 * 6.486 

118.14 -83.617 * -87.453 * 5.710 

-------------------------------- 120.84 -84.768 * 123.12 -84.766 * 

125.07 -84.711 * 126.76 -84.625 * 128.24 -84.559 * 12 9. 56 -84.439 * 130.73 -84.369 * 131.78 -84.333 

132.73 -84.344 

133.60 -84.408 * 

BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

-87.847 * 5.099 

-88.187 * 4.606 

-88.533 * 4.204 

-88.883 * 3.869 

-89.241 * 3.586 

-89.609 * 3.343 

-89.970 * 3.133 

-90.353 * 2. 950 

-90.733 * 2.788 

-91.105 * 2.644 

K 

kJ 

4.0080 J/bar 

40.080 cm 3 

Si02 ••••••. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c 0 = p 167.255 - 3.62159x10-4 T- 1.37237x103 T-O.S - 9.73908x10 3 T-2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 55 

Ca-Al pyroxene FORMULA WEIGHT 218.125 

Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (HT-HZ98)/T s• T -(GT-HZ98)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mo1•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 141.61 141.61 

UNCERTAINTY 2. 17 2.17 

400 46.527 195.09 148.56 

500 78.432 240.99 162.56 600 102.107 281.16 179.05 700 120.459 316.69 196.23 

800 135.169 348.47 213.31 900 147.268 377.22 229.95 

1000 157.429 403.43 246.00 

1100 166.108 427.53 261.43 

1200 173.626 449.83 276.21 

1300 180.214 470.59 290.37 1400 186.045 489.99 303.95 

1500 191.251 508.21 316.96 

1600 195.935 525.39 329.46 

1700 200.176 541.64 341.46 

1800 204.039 557.06 353.02 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

165.66 -3298.956 -3122.767 547.098 

2. 74 (1. 912) (1. 468) (0. 2 57) 

196.56 -3299.290 -3062.442 399.916 

214.22 -3298.096 -3003.358 313.760 

226.06 -3296.254 -2944.570 256.349 

234.68 -3294.215 -2886.126 215.366 

-------------------------------- 2 41.32 -3292.983 -2827.867 184.642 

246.63 -3291.181 -2769.826 160.757 

-------------------------------- 251.01 -3311.212 -2710.445 141.580 

254.69 -3309.757 -2650.443 125.860 

-------------------------------- 257.86 -3315.484 -2589.936 112.737 

260.61 -3312.328 -2529.593 101.641 

263.04 -3309.043 -2469.534 92.140 

265.20 -3305.637 -2409.674 83.913 

267.14 -3302.131 -2350.068 76.722 

-------------------------------- 268.89 -3349.037 -2290.259 70.3 71 

-------------------------------- 270.49 -3498.565 -2224.700 64.559 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

kJ 

6.3500 J/bar 

63.500 cm 3 

CALCIUM •..• ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. p, 1755 K. 

ALUMINUM .•• M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON •.•. M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• 

p 322.848 - 2.18582x1o 3 T-0 · 5 - 2.72024xlo 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
56 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Ca-Al pyroxene FORMULA WEIGHT 218.125 

Crystals 298.15 to 1800 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. (Hi-HZ98)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 141.61 141.61 165.66 -77.452 * -80.773 * 14.151 

UNCERTAINTY 2 .17 2.17 2.74 1. 912 1. 4 68 0.257 

400 46.527 195.09 148.56 196.56 -77.361 * -81.914 * 10.697 

500 78.432 240.99 162.56 214.22 -77.257 * -83.067 * 8.678 

600 102.107 281.16 179.05 226.06 -77.298 * -84.227 * 7.333 

700 120.459 316.69 196.23 234.68 -77.523 * -85.367 * 6.370 

800 135.169 348.47 213.31 241.32 -77.936 * -86.462 * 5.645 

-------------------------------- 900 147.268 377.22 229.95 246.63 -78.828 * 1000 157.429 403.43 246.00 251.01 -78.570 * 

1100 166.108 427.53 261.43 254.69 -78.255 * 1200 173.626 449.83 276.21 257.86 -77.904 * 1300 180.214 470.59 290.37 260.61 -77.568 * 1400 186.045 489.99 303.95 263.04 -77.176 * 1500 191.251 508.21 316.96 265.20 -76.839 1600 195.935 525.39 329.46 267.14 -76.544 

1700 200.176 541.64 341.46 268.89 -76.317 * 1800 204.039 557.06 353.02 270.49 -76.170 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Si02 ••••••. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

322.848 - 2.18582x10 3 T-0 • 5 - 2.72024x10 6 T-2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

-87.458 * 5.076 

-88.430 * 4.619 

-89.431 * 4.247 

-90.461 * 3.938 

-91.522 3.677 

-92.614 3.455 

-93.719 3.264 

-94.862 3.097 

-96.014 * 2.950 

-97.177 * 2.820 

K 

kJ 

6.3500 J/bar 

63.500 cm 3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 57 

Anorthite FORMULA WEIGHT 278.210 

Crystals 298.15 to melting point 1830 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (H;-Hl98)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol·K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 0.000 199.29 199.29 

UNCERTAINTY 0.14 0.14 

400 58.887 266.99 2 08. 10 

500 99.194 325.01 225.81 600 129.192 375.87 246.67 

700 152.447 420.85 268.40 

800 171.049 461.07 290.02 

900 186.331 497.41 311.08 

1000 199.199 530.59 331.39 

1100 210.289 561.20 350.91 

1200 220.069 589.70 369.63 

1300 228.891 616.49 387.60 

1400 237.022 641.89 404.87 

1500 244.675 666.16 421.48 

1600 252.020 689.53 437.51 

1700 259.192 712.20 453.00 

1800 266.304 734.33 468.02 

MELTING POINT 1830 K 

E~THALPY OF MELTING 81.000 kJ 

33.333 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

211.60 -4227.833 -4002.070 701.149 

0.15 (1.118) (1.117) (0 .196) 

248.14 -4228.401 -3924.761 512.523 

271.07 -4227.120 -3848.987 402.103 

286.33 -4224.968 -3773.543 328.518 

297.05 -4222.519 -3698.508 275.987 

-------------------------------- 305.15 -4220.847 -3623.718 236.606 

311.89 -4218.581 -3549.197 205.991 

-------------------------------- 318.09 -4238.088 -3473.399 181.433 

324.34 -4235.980 -3397.041 161.313 

-------------------------------- 331.06 -4240.825 -3320.228 144.526 

338.57 -4236.439 -3243.686 130.333 

347.08 -4231.443 -3167.541 118.183 

356.78 -4225.699 -3091.723 107.664 

367.83 -4219.071 -3016.348 98.474 

-------------------------------- 380.32 -4312.415 -2940.560 90.353 

-------------------------------- 394.35 -4456.468 -2856.728 82.900 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUHE 

kJ 

10.0790 J/bar 

100.790 cm 3 

CALCIUM •••. ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

ALUMINUM .•• M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON ..•. M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• a 800.971 - 0.146450 T + 1.05663x10-4 T2 - 9.44981x10 3 T-0 ·

5 

p 

+ 3.1859lxl06 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
58 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Anorthite FORMULA WEIGUT 278.210 

Crystals 298.15 to melting point 1830 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H; 98 )/T s• -(Gi-H298)/T c• ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K T p 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 199.29 199.29 211.60 -95.630 * -103.788 * 18.183 

UNCERTAINTY 0.14 0.14 0.15 1 .118 1.117 0.196 

400 58.887 266.99 208.10 248.14 -95.603 * -106.576 * 13.918 

500 99.194 325.01 225.81 271.07 -95.703 * -109.313 * 11.420 

600 129.192 375.87 246.67 286.33 -96.086 * -112.005 * 9. 7 51 

700 152.447 420.85 268.40 297.05 -96.869 * -114.601 * 8.552 

ROO 171.049 461.07 290.02 305.15 -98.101 * -117.058 * 7.643 

-------------------------------- 900 186.331 497.41 311.08 311.89 -100.356 * -119.260 * 6.922 

1000 199.199 530.59 331.39 318.09 -100.330 * -121.360 * 6.339 

1100 210.289 561.20 350.91 324.34 -100.131 * -123.471 * 5.863 

1200 220.069 589.70 369.63 331.06 -99.693 * -125.608 * 5.468 

1300 228.1!91 616.49 387.60 338.57 -98.956 * -127.796 * 5.135 

1400 237.022 641.89 404.87 347.08 -97.722 * -130.061 * 4.853 

1500 244.675 666. 16 421.48 356.78 -95.964 * -132.409 * 4.611 

1600 252.020 689.53 437.51 367.83 -93.517 * -134.932 * 4.405 

1700 259.192 712.20 453.00 380.32 -90.246 * -137.619 * 4.229 

1800 266.304 734.33 468.02 394.35 -85.998 * -140.520 * 4.078 

MELTING POINT 1830 K BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING 81.000 kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

33.333 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

MOLAR VOLUME 10.0790 J/bar 

100.790 cm 3 

Si02 ....... ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• = 800.971 - 0.146450 T + 1.05663x10-4 T2 - 9.44981x103 T-0 ·

5 

p 

+ 3.18591x106 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1800 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 59 

Kaolinite FORMULA WEIGHT 258.161 

Crystals 298.15 to 1000 K. 

-~~------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -<Gi-HZ98)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mo1•K J/mo1•K J/mo1•K J/mo1·K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :198.15 0.000 204.97 204.97 

UNCERTAINTY 1.02 1.02 

·~00 68.780 284.03 215.25 

500 115.990 351.94 235.95 

600 151.042 411.38 260.34 

:700 178.000 463.74 285.74 BOO 199.226 510.17 310.94 

900 216.209 551.63 335.43 

1000 229.937 588.88 358.94 

MIELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM ••. M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON •••• M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

2 46. 14 -4119.780 -3799.611 665.679 

0. 77 (1.065) (0. 982) (0.172) 

290.40 -4121.208 -3689.902 481.854 

317.20 -4120.173 -3582.177 374.229 

334.09 -4117.887 -3474.764 302.506 

344.52 -4115.089 -3367.809 251.310 

350.48 -4112.291 -3261.240 212.938 

353.18 -4109.855 -3154.980 183.111 

-------------------------------- 353.45 -4129.370 -3047.479 159.185 

BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

K 

kJ 

9.9520 J/bar 

99.520 cm 3 

Go • p 749.175 - 6.77102x10- 2 T- 8.27864x10 3 T-0 · 5 + 1.49195x1o6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1000 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
60 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Kaolinite FORMULA WEIGHT 258.161 

Crystals 298.15 to 1000 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. (H;-Hl98)/T s• -<Gi-H2 98 )/T c• ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K T p 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 204.97 204.97 UNCERTAINTY 1.02 1.02 

400 68.780 284.03 215.25 500 115.990 351.94 235.95 600 151.042 411.38 260.34 700 178.000 463.74 285.74 

800 199.226 510.17 310.94 

900 216.209 551.63 335.43 1000 229.937 588.88 358.94 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

246.14 -51.055 * -30.571 * 5.356 

0.77 1.065 0.982 0.172 

-------------------------------- 290.40 -137.391 * -16.597 * 2.167 

317.20 -135.216 * 13.350 * -1.395 

334.09 -133.059 * 42.862 * -3.731 

344.52 -131.327 * 72.043 * -5.376 

350.48 -130.314 * 101.007 * -6.595 

-------------------------------- 353.18 -130.802 * 353.45 -129.698 * 

BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

129.974 * -7.544 

158.885 * -8.299 

K 

kJ 

9.9520 J/bar 

99.520 cm3 

Sio 2 ••••••• ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

H2o •••••••. B. P. 372.8 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

749.175 - 6.77102x10-2 T - 8.27864x10 3 T-0 • 5 + 1.49195x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1000 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 61 

Dickite FORMULA WEIGHT 258.161 

Crystals 298.15 to 900 K. 

-~~------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

--~------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 298.15 0.000 197.06 197.06 

UNCERTAINTY 3.07 3.07 

1100 67.647 274.79 207.14 

500 114.860 342.44 227.58 600 150.208 402.00 251.79 

700 177.410 454.48 277.07 

800 198.688 500.90 302.21 

900 215.484 542.10 326.62 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM •.• M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON ••.• H. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

239.79 -4118.475 -3795.948 665.037 

0.74 (1.237) (1.538) (0. 269) 

287.84 -4120.356 -3685.353 481.260 

317.24 -4119.433 -3576.686 373.655 

335.08 -4117.082 -3468.326 301.946 

345.05 -4114.198 -3360.439 250.760 

349.43 -4111.417 -3252.946 212.397 

349.69 -4109.202 -3145.747 182.575 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

HOLAR VOLUME 9.9300 J/bar 

99.300 cm 3 

( .• c 

'p 908.360- 0.105663 T- 1.11953xl04 T-0 · 5 + 3.80445x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 900 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
62 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Dickite FORMULA WEIGHT 258.161 

Crystals 298.15 to 900 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. {H;-HZ98)/T s• T -<Gi-HZ98)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol'K J/mol'K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 197.06 197.06 UNCERTAINTY 3.07 3.07 

400 67.647 274.79 207.14 

500 114.860 342.44 227.58 600 150.208 402.00 251.79 700 177.410 454.48 277.07 800 198.688 500.90 302.21 

900 215.484 542.10 326.62 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

239.79 -49.750 * -26.908 * 4.714 

0.74 1. 23 7 1. 538 0.269 

-------------------------------- 287.84 -136.539 * -12.048 * 1.573 

317.24 -134.476 * 18.842 * -1.968 

335.08 -132.254 * 49.299 * -4.292 

345.05 -130.435 * 79.413 -5.926 

349.43 -129.440 * 109.301 -7.137 

-------------------------------- 349.69 -130.149 * 

BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

139.206 * -8.079 

K 

kJ 

9.9300 J/bar 

99.300 cm 3 

Sio 2 •.•.••• ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

H2o ........ B. P. 372.8 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION{S) 

c• a 

p 908.360 - 0.105663 T- 1.11953x104 T-0 · 5 + 3.80445x106 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 900 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 63 

llalloysite FORMULA WEICHT 258.161 

Crystals 298.15 to 900 K. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMEIITS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. cu;-112 98 )/T s 0 

T -<Gi-H2 98 )/T c" p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mo1·K J/mol·K kJ/mo1 kJ/mol 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 0.000 203.33 203.33 245.25 -4101.028 -3780.372 

UNCERTAINTY 3. 07 3. 07 0.76 (1.200) (1.508) 

400 68.590 282.17 213.58 289.86 -4102.532 -3670.485 

500 115.774 350.01 234.24 317.06 -4101.529 -3562.569 

600 150.860 409.45 258.59 334.19 -4099.244 -3454.963 

700 177.866 461.83 283.96 344.69 -4096.431 -3347.815 

800 199.125 508.28 309. 16 350.55 -4093.619 -3241.057 

900 216.116 549.74 333.63 353.05 -4091.187 -3134.609 

MELTING POINT BOILING POUT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

kJ MOLAR VOLU~IE 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM •.. M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON .••. M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

C" p 772.300 - 7.25884x1n- 2 T- 8.72948x1o 3 T-0 · 5 + 1.93671xlo6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 900 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

662.308 

(0. 2 64) 

479.318 

372.181 

300.783 

249.818 

211.620 

181.929 

K 

kJ 

J/bar 
64 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Halloysite FORMULA WEIGHT 258.161 

Crystals 298.15 to 900 K. 

FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -(Gi-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J /mol•K J/mol·K kJ/mol kJ/mo1 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 203.33 203.33 245.25 -32.303 * -11.332 * 1.985 

UNCERTAINTY 3.07 3.07 0.76 1.200 1.508 0.264 

-------------------------------- 400 68.590 282.17 213.58 289.86 -118.715 * 2.820 * -0.368 

500 115.774 350.01 234.24 317.06 -116.572 * 32.958 * -3.443 

600 150.860 409.45 258.59 334.19 -114.416 * 62.663 * -5.455 

700 177.866 461.83 283.96 344.69 -112.669 * 92.036 * -6.868 

800 199.125 508.28 309.16 350.55 -111.643 * 121.190 * -7.913 

-------------------------------- 900 216.116 549.74 333.63 353.05 -112.134 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Si0 2 ••••••• ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

H2o •.•..•.• B. P. 372.8 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

150.344 

772.300- 7.25884x10-2 T- 8.72948x1o3 T- 0 • 5 + 1.93671x106 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALin FROM 200 - 900 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

* -8.726 

K 

kJ 

J/bar 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 65 

Pyrophyllite FORMULA WEIGHT 360.316 

-------------------------------------------------·------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS TEMP. (H;-HZ98)/T s• T -<G;-Hz 98 )/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol·K J/mol·K kJ/mo1 kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------·-------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 239.42 239.42 

UNCERTAINTY 0.99 0.99 

400 82.857 334.64 251.78 

500 140.574 417.37 276.79 

600 184.173 490.62 306.45 

700 218.683 556.21 337.53 

800 247.188 615.83 368.64 

900 271.728 670.93 399.20 

1000 293.717 722.70 428.99 

1100 314.175 772.12 457.95 1200 333.858 819.99 486.13 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

42.695 kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

ALUMINUM .•• M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON •.•• M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

294.35 -5642.023 -5268.128 922.958 

0.32 (1.158) (1. 043) (0 .183) 

351.98 -5643.701 -5140.001 671.218 

388.51 -5642.249 -5014.219 523.834 

414.70 -5638.987 -4888.874 425.616 

436.37 -5634.491 -4764.208 355.511 

457.14 -5628.927 -4640.239 302.978 

479.33 -5622.197 -4517.011 262.162 

-------------------------------- 504.51 -5635.343 -4393.128 229.474 

533.75 -5624.573 -4269.422 202.739 

567.86 -5611.069 -4146.752 180.504 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 12.5900 J/bar 

125.900 cm 3 

c• • 1454.51- 0.396093 T + 3.97189x10- 4 T2 - 1.77428x104 T-0 · 5 

p 

+ 6.06936xl0 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K) 

COMPILED 09-30-79 
66 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Pyrophyllite FORMULA WEIGHT 360.316 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. (Hi-H298)/T s• T -(GT-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mo1•K J/mo1·K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 239.42 239.42 294.35 -37.708 * -23.623 * 4.139 

UNCERTAINTY 0.99 0.99 0.32 1.158 1.043 0.183 

-------------------------------- 400 82.857 334.64 251.78 351.98 -81.004 * -15.294 * 1.997 

500 140.574 417.37 276.79 388.51 -79.982 * 1.014 * -0.106 600 184.173 490.62 306.45 414.70 -79.092 * 17.128 * -1.491 

700 218.683 556.21 337.53 436.37 -78.475 * 33.117 * -2.471 

800 247.188 615.83 368.64 457.14 -78.024 * 49.019 * -3.201 

-------------------------------- 900 271.728 670.93 399.20 479.33 -78.611 * 1000 293.717 722.70 428.99 504.51 -73.322 * 

1100 314.175 772.12 457.95 533.75 -66.033 * 1200 333.858 819.99 486.13 567.86 -56.262 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

42.695 kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Si02 •..••.• ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

H20 .•.••.•• B. P. 372.8 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

65.009 * -3.773 

80.701 * -4.215 

95.770 * -4.548 

110.073 * -4.791 

K 

kJ 

12.5900 J/bar 

125.900 cm3 

c• • 1454.51 - 0.396093 T + 3.97189x10-4 T2 - 1.77428x104 T-0 • 5 

p 

+ 6.06936x10 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K) 

COMPILED 09-30-79 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 67 

Margarite FORMULA WEIGHT 398.187 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H.;:-H298)/T s• T -<c.;:-H298)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mo1•K J/mo1·K J/mo1·K J/mo1•K kJ/mo1 kJ/mo1 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

298.15 o.ooo 263.64 263.64 

UNCERTAINTY 0.66 0.66 

400 90.817 368.01 277.20 500 153.852 458.44 304.59 

600 201.397 538.43 337.03 

700 238.771 609.76 370.99 

800 269.036 673.95 404.92 

900 294.096 732.19 438.10 

1000 315.207 785.41 470.21 

1100 333.238 834.35 501 .12 

1200 348.810 879.60 530.79 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

323.44 -6239.610 -5854.840 1025.748 

0.38 (1.954) (1.906) (0. 334) 

385.02 -6241.515 -5722.938 747.342 

424.47 -6239.969 -5593.442 584.345 

452.28 -6236.538 -5464.421 475.722 

472.77 -6232.139 -5336.092 398.186 

-------------------------------- 488.32 -6228.124 -5208.304 340.069 

500.33 -6223.379 -5081.086 294.900 

-------------------------------- 509.71 -6261.818 -4951.351 258.633 

517.09 -6256.875 -4820.543 228.909 

-------------------------------- 522.88 -6259.005 -4689.547 204.132 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

kJ 

13.3800 J/bar 

133.800 cm 3 

CALCIUM •••. ALPHA-BETA 737, ~1. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

ALUMINU~I •.• M.P. 933 K. 

SILICON •..• M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• = p 826.504 - 2.51455x10-z T - 8.42744xto3 T-O.S 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
68 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Margarite FORMULA WEIGHT 398.187 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (Hi-Hl98)/T s• T -(G;-Hl98)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K J/mol•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 263.64 263.64 323.44 -145.888 * -137.205 * 24.038 

UNCERTAINTY 0.66 0.66 0.38 1.954 1.906 0.334 

-------------------------------- 400 90.817 368.01 277.20 385.02 -189.496 * -130.674 * 17.064 

500 153.852 458.44 304.59 424.47 -188.597 -116.067 * 12.125 

600 201.397 538.43 337.03 452.28 -187.465 -101.661 * 8.850 

700 238.771 609.76 370.99 472.77 -186.305 * -87.450 * 6.526 

800 269.036 673.95 404.92 488.32 -185.271 * -73.407 * 4.793 

-------------------------------- 900 294.096 732.19 438.10 500.33 -185.056 * 1000 315.207 785.41 470.21 509.71 -182.503 * 

1100 333.238 834.35 501.12 517.09 -179.874 * 1200 348.810 879.60 530.79 522.88 -177.274 * 

MELTING POINT K BOILING POINT 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

kJ MOLAR VOLUME 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

Sio2 ••.••.. ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

H2o .. , ..... B. P, 372.8 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION{S) 

c• R 

p 826.504 - 2.51455x10- 2 T - 8.42744x1o 3 T-0 • 5 

{EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 

-59.405 * 3.448 

-45.579 * 2. 381 

-32.013 * 1.520 

-18.684 * 0. 813 

K 

kJ 

13.3800 J/bar 

133.800 cm 3 
PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 69 

Prehnite FORMULA WEIGHT 412.390 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE ELEMENTS 

GIBBS 

TEMP. (H;-H; 98 )/T s• T -<G;-Hi98)/T c• p ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K 

K J/mol•K J/mo1·K J/mol·K J/mo1•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 o.ooo 292.74 292.74 

UNCERTAINTY 0.72 0.72 

400 92.227 398.77 306.54 

500 155.666 489.97 334.30 

600 203.247 570.33 367.08 

700 240.393 641.71 401.31 

800 270.195 705.62 435.43 

900 294.580 763.29 468.71 

1000 314.825 815.65 500.82 

1100 331.815 863.46 531.65 

1200 346.188 907.34 561.15 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE ELEMENTS 

331.11 -6193.631 -5816.426 1019.018 

0.44 (1.699) (1.643) (0 .288) 

389.19 -6194.649 -5687.254 742.682 

427.23 -6192.499 -5560.630 580.918 

453.51 -6188.659 -5434.572 473.124 

471.95 -6184.068 -5309.269 396.184 

-------------------------------- 484.90 -6180.839 -5184.434 338.510 

493.85 -6176.300 -5060.122 293.683 

-------------------------------- 499.76 -6194.040 -4934.788 257.768 

503.32 -6190.898 -4809.038 228.363 

-------------------------------- 505.00 -6202.613 -4682.244 203.814 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION 

MOLAR VOLUME 

kJ 

14.0330 J/bar 

140.330 cm 3 

CALCIUM •.•• ALPHA-BETA 737, M. P. BETA 1123, B. P. 1755 K. 

ALUMINUM .•. M. P. 933 K. 

SILICON •... M. P. 1685 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• 

p 946.022- 5.75327x10-2 T- 1.05605x104 T- 0 • 5 + 2.75523x1o 6 T-z 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79 
70 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MINERALS 

Prehnite FORMULA WEIGHT 412.390 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FORMATION FROM THE OXIDES 

GIBBS TEMP. <H;-H2 98 )/T s• -<G;-H2 98 )/T c· ENTHALPY FREE ENERGY LOG K T p 

K J/mol•K J/mol·K J/mol·K J/mo1•K kJ/mol kJ/mol 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298.15 0.000 292.74 292.74 UNCERTAINTY 0.72 0.72 

400 92.227 398.77 3 06. 54 500 155.666 489.97 334.30 600 203.247 570.33 367.08 700 240.393 641.71 401.31 

800 270.195 705.62 435.43 

900 294.580 763.29 468.71 1000 314.825 815.65 500.82 

1100 331.815 863.46 531.65 1200 346.188 907.34 561.15 

MELTING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF MELTING kJ 

kJ 

TRANSITIONS IN REFERENCE STATE OXIDES 

331.11 -229.827 * -221.281 * 38.768 

0.44 1.699 1.643 0.288 

-------------------------------- 389.19 -273.427 * -214.797 28.050 

427.23 -272.506 * -200.243 20.919 

453.51 -271.442 * -185.887 * 16.183 

471.95 -270.585 * -171.696 * 12.812 

484.90 -270.210 * -157.608 * 10.291 

-------------------------------- 493.85 -271.398 * -143.419 8.324 

499.76 -269.431 * -129.301 6.754 

503.32 -267.725 * -115.376 * 5.479 

505.00 -266.440 * -101.583 * 4.422 

BOILING POINT K 

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION kJ 

MOLAR VOLUME 14.0330 J/bar 

140.330 cm 3 

Si02 •.•..•• ALPHA- BETA TRANSITION 844 K. 

H2o ••.•...• B. P. 372.8 K. 

HEAT CAPACITY EQUATION(S) 

c• = p 946.022 - 5.75327x1o- 2 T- 1.05605x1o4 T-0 · 5 + 2.75523x1o 6 T- 2 

(EQUATION VALID FROM 200 - 1200 K) 

COMPILED 9-30-79