FAA-S-8081-16B 

U.S. Department

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration 

Commercial Pilot 

Practical Test Standards 

for

Rotorcraft 

(Helicopter and Gyroplane)

February 2013 

Flight Standards Service 

Washington, DC 20591 
(this page intentionally left blank) 
Commercial Pilot 

Rotorcraft 

Practical Test Standards 

2013 

Flight Standards Service

Washington, DC 20591
(this page intentionally left blank) 
Note 

Material in FAA-S-8081-16B will be effective June 1, 2013. All 

previous editions of the Commercial Pilot—Rotorcraft (Helicopter 

and Gyroplane) Practical Test Standards will be obsolete as of this 

date. 
(this page intentionally left blank) 
Forward 

The Commercial Pilot—Rotorcraft (Helicopter and Gyroplane) 

Practical Test Standards (PTS) book has been published by the 

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for 

commercial pilot certification practical tests for the rotorcraft 

category, helicopter and gyroplane classes. FAA inspectors and 

designated pilot examiners shall conduct practical tests in 

compliance with these standards. Flight instructors and applicants 

should find these standards helpful during training and when 

preparing for the practical test. 

/s/ 2/14/2013 

John Duncan, for 

______________________________ 

John Allen, Director 

Flight Standards Service 
(this page intentionally left blank) 
Major Enhancements to Version FAA-S-8081-16B 

 All references reviewed and updated throughout. 

 Introduction: 

o Reference list updated 

o Abbreviations section updated 

o Special Emphasis Areas section updated 

Section 1, Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft—Helicopter 

 Additional Rating Task Table for Rotorcraft – Helicopter updated 

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter) updated 

 Areas of Operation updated: 

o I. Preflight Preparation 

 Updated Task C, Weather Information 

o II. Preflight Procedures 

 Added Task D, Runway Incursion Avoidance 

Section 2, Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft—Gyroplane 

 Additional Rating Task Table for Rotorcraft – Gyroplane 

updated 

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane) updated 

 Areas of Operation updated: 

o I. Preflight Preparation 

 Updated Task C, Weather Information 

o II. Preflight Procedures 

 Added Task D, Runway Incursion Avoidance 

Appendix, Task vs. Flight Simulation Device Credit 

 Use of Chart section updated 

 Chart updated 
(this page intentionally left blank)
 i FAA-S-8081-16B

Table of Contents 

Introduction

General Information .................................................................... 1

Practical Test Standard Concept .................................................. 1

Practical Test Book Description ...................................................2

Abbreviations............................................................................... 4

Use of the Practical Test Standards .............................................5

Special Emphasis Areas................................................................ 6

Commercial Pilot – Rotorcraft Practical Test

Prerequisites.......................................................................... 7

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test..............7

Flight Instructor Responsibility ....................................................8

Examiner Responsibility............................................................... 8

Satisfactory Performance............................................................. 9

Unsatisfactory Performance ........................................................ 9

Letter of Discontinuance............................................................ 10

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management ..............10

Single‐Pilot Resource Management...........................................11

Applicant's Use of Checklists......................................................11

Use of Distractions during Practical Tests..................................11

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls..........................................11

Section 1:  Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft – Helicopter

Additional Rating Task Table: Rotorcraft – Helicopter ..............15

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter)........................17

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter)........................19

Areas of Operation:

I. Preflight Preparation ...........................................................21

Task A: Certificates and Documents..................................21

Task B: Airworthiness Requirements ................................21

Task C: Weather Information............................................22

Task D: Cross‐Country Flight Planning...............................22

Task E: National Airspace System .....................................23

Task F: Performance and Limitations ...............................23

Task G: Operation of Systems ...........................................24
FAA-S-8081-16B ii 

Task H: Aeromedical Factors .............................................24

Task I: Physiological Aspects of Night Flying....................25

Task J: Lighting and Equipment for Night Flying ..............25

II. Preflight Procedures............................................................27

Task A: Preflight Inspection...............................................27

Task B: Cockpit Management............................................27

Task C: Engine Starting and Rotor Engagement................27

Task D: Runway Incursion Avoidance................................28

Task E: Before Takeoff Check............................................29

III. Airport and Heliport Operations .........................................30

Task A: Radio Communications and ATC Light

Signals ...................................................................30

Task B: Traffic Patterns......................................................30

Task C: Airport/Heliport Runway, Helipad, and

Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting..................30

IV. Hovering Maneuvers ...........................................................32

Task A: Vertical Takeoff and Landing ................................32

Task B: Slope Operations ..................................................32

Task C: Surface Taxi...........................................................33

Task D: Hover Taxi .............................................................33

Task E: Air Taxi ..................................................................34

V. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go‐Arounds...................................35

Task A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb ...........35

Task B: Normal and Crosswind Approach .........................35

Task C: Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb..........36

Task D: Steep Approach.....................................................36

Task E: Rolling Takeoff ......................................................37

Task F: Shallow Approach and Running/Roll‐On

Landing..................................................................37

Task G: Go‐Around ............................................................38

VI. Performance Maneuvers.....................................................39

Task A: Rapid Deceleration................................................39

Task B: Straight in Autorotation........................................39
 iii FAA-S-8081-16B

Task C: 180° Autorotation.................................................40

Task D: Approach and Landing with Simulated

Powerplant Failure – Multiengine

Helicopter .............................................................40

VII. Navigation............................................................................ 42

Task A: Pilotage and Dead Reckoning ...............................42

Task B: Radio Navigation and Radar Services ...................42

Task C: Diversion ...............................................................43

Task D: Lost Procedures ....................................................43

VIII.Emergency Operations ........................................................44

Task A: Power Failure at a Hover ......................................44

Task B: Power Failure at Altitude......................................44

Task C: Systems and Equipment Malfunctions .................45

Task D: Settling‐With‐Power .............................................45

Task E: Low Rotor RPM Recovery .....................................45

Task F: Dynamic Rollover..................................................46

Task G: Ground Resonance................................................46

Task H: Low G Conditions ..................................................47

Task I: Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ............47

IX. Special Operations...............................................................48

Task A: Confined Area Operation......................................48

Task B: Pinnacle/Platform Operations ..............................48

X. Postflight Procedures ..........................................................49

Task: After Landing and Securing...................................49

Section 2:  Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft – Gyroplane

Additional Rating Task Table: Rotorcraft – Gyroplane ..............53

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane)........................55

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane)........................57

I. Preflight Preparation ...........................................................59

Task A: Certificates and Documents..................................59

Task B: Airworthiness Requirements ................................59

Task C: Weather Information............................................60
FAA-S-8081-16B iv 

Task D: Cross‐Country Flight Planning...............................60

Task E: National Airspace System .....................................61

Task F: Performance and Limitations................................61

Task G: Operation of Systems ...........................................62

Task H: Aeromedical Factors .............................................62

Task I: Physiological Aspects of Night Flying....................63

Task J: Lighting and Equipment for Night Flying ..............63

II. Preflight Procedures............................................................65

Task A: Preflight Inspection...............................................65

Task B: Cockpit Management............................................65

Task C: Engine Starting......................................................65

Task D: Runway Incursion Avoidance................................66

Task E: Taxiing...................................................................67

Task F: Before Takeoff Check............................................67

III. Airport Operations ..............................................................69

Task A: Radio Communications and ATC Light

Signals ...................................................................69

Task B: Traffic Patterns......................................................69

Task C: Airport Markings and Lighting ..............................69

IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go‐Arounds...................................70

Task A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb ...........70

Task B: Normal and Crosswind Approach and

Landing..................................................................70

Task C: Soft‐Field Takeoff and Climb.................................71

Task D: Soft‐Field Approach and Landing..........................72

Task E: Short‐Field Takeoff and Climb ..............................72

Task F: Short‐Field Approach and Landing........................73

Task G: Go‐Around ............................................................73

V. Performance Maneuver ......................................................75

Task: Steep Turns ...........................................................75

VI. Navigation............................................................................76

Task A: Pilotage and Dead Reckoning ...............................76

Task B: Radio Navigation and Radar Services ...................76
 v FAA-S-8081-16B

Task C: Diversion ...............................................................77

Task D: Lost Procedures ....................................................77

VII. Flight at Slow Airspeeds ......................................................78

Task A: Straight‐and‐Level, Turns, Climbs, and

Descents at Slow Airspeeds ..................................78

Task B: High Rate of Descent and Recovery......................78

VIII.Emergency Operations ........................................................79

Task A: Emergency Approach and Landing .......................79

Task B: Lift‐Off at Low Airspeed and High Angle Of

Attack....................................................................79

Task C: Ground Resonance................................................80

Task D: Systems and Equipment Malfunctions .................80

Task E: Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ............80

IX. Postflight Procedures ..........................................................82

Task: After Landing, Parking and Securing.....................82

Appendix: Task vs. Simulation Device Credit

Task vs. Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD) Credit ...........85

Use of Chart ............................................................................... 85
FAA-S-8081-16B vi 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
 1 FAA-S-8081-16B

Introduction 

General Information 

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA) has developed this practical test book as the standard to be 

used by FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners when 

conducting commercial pilot—rotorcraft practical tests. Flight 

instructors are expected to use this book when preparing applicants 

for practical tests. Applicants should be familiar with this book and 

refer to these standards during their training. 

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided 

by many industry participants who contributed their time and talent 

in assisting with the revision of these practical test standards. 

This practical test standards (PTS) may be purchased from the 

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

(GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9325, or from GPO’s website: 

http://bookstore.gpo.gov

This PTS is also available for download, in pdf format, from the 

Regulatory Support Division’s website: 

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/office

s/afs/afs600

This PTS is published by the U.S. Department of Transportation, 

Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, 

AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125. 

Comments regarding this handbook should be sent, in e-mail form, 

to the following address: 

AFS630comments@faa.gov

Practical Test Standard Concept 

Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61 

specifies the areas in which knowledge and skill must be 

demonstrated by the applicant before the issuance of a commercial 

pilot certificate or rating. The CFRs provide the flexibility that 

permits the FAA to publish practical test standards containing the 

Areas of Operation and specific Tasks in which competency must be 

demonstrated. The FAA will revise this PTS whenever it is 
FAA-S-8081-16B 2 

determined that changes are needed in the interest of safety. 

Adherence to the provisions of the regulations and the 

practical test standards is mandatory for the evaluation of 

commercial pilot applicants. 

Practical Test Book Description 

This test book contains the following Commercial Pilot Practical Test 

Standards: 

Section 1: Rotorcraft—Helicopter 

Section 2: Rotorcraft—Gyroplane 

The Commercial Pilot—Rotorcraft Practical Test Standards include 

the Areas of Operation and Tasks for the issuance of an initial 

Commercial Pilot Certificate and for the addition of category and/or 

class ratings to that certificate. 

Areas of Operation are phases of the practical test arranged in a 

logical sequence within this standard. They begin with Preflight 

Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The examiner may 

conduct the practical test in any sequence that will result in a 

complete and efficient test. However, the ground portion of the 

practical test must be accomplished before the flight portion.

Tasks are titles of knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers 

appropriate to an Area of Operation. 

Note is used to emphasize special considerations required in the 

Area of Operation or Task. 

Reference identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the Task. 

Descriptions of Tasks are not included in the standards because this 

information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. 

. Publications other than those listed may be used, for references if 

their content conveys substantially the same meaning as the 

referenced publications. 

These practical test standards are based on the following reference 

list: 

14 CFR part 39 Airworthiness Directives

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive 

Maintenance, Rebuilding, and 

Alteration 

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots and Flight 

Instructors 

14 CFR part 67 Medical Standards and Certification 
 3 FAA-S-8081-16B

14 CFR part 71 Airspace 

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 

14 CFR part 93 Special Air Traffic Rules 

NTSB part 830 Notification and Reporting of Aircraft 

Accidents and Incidents 

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance 

Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-2 Risk Management Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-6 Advanced Avionics Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-21 Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-23 Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski 

Equipped Helicopter – Operations 

Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical 

Knowledge 

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather 

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services 

AC 60-22 Aeronautical Decision Making 

AC 60-28 English Language Skill Standards 

Required by 14 CFR parts 61, 63, and 

65 

AC 61-65 Certification: Pilots and Flight 

Instructors and Ground Instructors 

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation 

AC 61-134 General Aviation Controlled Flight into 

Terrain Awareness 

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance 

AC 90-66 Recommended Standard Traffic 

Patterns and Practices for 

Aeronautical Operations at Airports 

without Operating Control Towers 

AC 90-87 Helicopter Dynamic Rollover 

AC 90-95 Unanticipated right yaw in helicopters 

AC 91-13 Cold Weather Operation of Aircraft 

AC 91-32 Safety In and Around Helicopters 

AC 91-42 Hazards of Rotating Propeller and 

Helicopter Rotor Blades 

AC 91-55 Reduction of Electrical System 

failures following aircraft engine 

starting 

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training 

AC 120-74 Parts 21, 121, 125, and 135 

Flightcrew during Taxi Operations 

AC 150-5340-18 Standards for Airport Sign Systems 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AF/D Airport Facility Directory 

FDC NOTAMs National Flight Data Center Notices to 

Airmen 

Other Pertinent Pilot’s Operating Handbooks 
FAA-S-8081-16B 4 

FAA-Approved Flight Manuals 

Navigation Charts 

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily 

performed to demonstrate competency in a Task. The Objective 

includes: 

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do; 

2. the conditions under which the Task is to be performed; and 

3. the acceptable standards of performance. 

Abbreviations 

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations 

AC Advisory Circular 

ADF Automatic Direction Finder 

ADM Aeronautical Decision Making 

AGL Above Ground Level 

AIRMETS Airman’s Meteorological Information 

APV Approach with Vertical Guidance 

ATC Air Traffic Control 

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information 

Service 

ATS Air Traffic Service 

CDI Course Deviation Indicator 

CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain 

CG Center of Gravity 

CRM Crew Resource Management 

FA Forecast Area 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FDC Flight Data Center 

FMS Flight Management System 

FSDO Flight Standards District Office 

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System 

GPO Government Printing Office 

GPS Global Positioning System 

ILS Instrument Landing System 

LAHSO Land and Hold Short Operations 

MAP Missed Approach Point 

MEL Minimum Equipment List 

METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report 

NOTAM Notice to Airmen 

NWS National Weather Service 

PTS Practical Test Standards 

RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity 

Monitoring 

RNAV Area Navigation 

RPM Revolutions per Minute 
 5 FAA-S-8081-16B

SAS Stability Augmentation System 

SIGMETS Significant Meteorological Advisory 

TAF Terminal Aviation Forecast 

TCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance 

System 

VFR Visual Flight Rules 

Use of the Practical Test Standards 

The Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft Practical Test Standards have 

been designed to evaluate competency in both knowledge and skill. 

Commercial pilots are professionals engaged in various flight 

activities for compensation or hire. Because of their professional 

status, they should exhibit a significantly higher level of knowledge 

and skill than the private pilot. Although some Tasks listed are 

similar to those in the Private Pilot Rotorcraft Practical Test 

Standards, the wording used in the Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft 

Practical Test Standards reflects a higher level of competency 

expected of a commercial pilot applicant in performing these similar 

Tasks. 

The FAA requires that all practical tests be conducted in accordance 

with the appropriate Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards and 

the policies set forth in this Introduction. Commercial pilot applicants 

must be evaluated in all Tasks included in the Areas of Operation of 

the appropriate practical test standard unless otherwise noted. 

An applicant who holds at least a commercial pilot certificate 

seeking an additional rotorcraft category rating and/or class rating at 

the commercial pilot level, will be evaluated in the Areas of 

Operation and Tasks listed in the Additional Rating Task Table. At 

the discretion of the examiner, an evaluation of the applicant's 

competence in the remaining Areas of Operation and Tasks may be 

conducted. 

If the applicant holds two or more category or class ratings at least 

at the private level, and the rating table indicates differing required 

Tasks, the “least restrictive” entry applies. For example, if “All” and 

“None” are indicated for one Area of Operation, the “None” entry 

applies. If “B” and “B, C” are indicated, the “B” entry applies. 

In preparation for each practical test, the examiner must develop a 

written “plan of action” for each practical test. The “plan of action” 

is a tool, for the sole use of the examiner, to be used in evaluating 

the applicant. The plan of action need not be grammatically correct 

or in any formal format. The plan of action must contain all of the 

required Areas of Operation and Tasks and any optional Tasks 
FAA-S-8081-16B 6 

selected by the examiner. The “plan of action” must incorporate one 

or more scenarios that will be used during the practical test. 

The examiner should try to include as many of the Tasks into the 

scenario portion of the test as possible, but maintain the flexibility to 

change due to unexpected situations as they arise and still result in an 

efficient and valid test. Any Task selected for evaluation during a 

practical test is to be evaluated in its entirety.

The examiner is not required to follow the precise order in which the 

Areas of Operation and Tasks appear in this book. The examiner 

may change the sequence or combine Tasks with similar objectives 

to have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test. For 

example, lost procedures may be combined with radio navigation. 

The examiner's “plan of action” should include the order and 

combination of Tasks to be demonstrated by the applicant in a 

manner that will result in an efficient and valid test. 

The examiner is expected to use good judgment in the performance 

of simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means 

for simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local 

conditions (both meteorological and topographical), at the time of 

the test, as well as the applicant's, workload, and the condition of 

the aircraft used. If the procedure being evaluated would jeopardize 

safety, it is expected that the applicant will simulate that portion of 

the maneuver. 

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners must place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft 

operation considered critical to flight safety. Among these are: 

1. Positive aircraft control 

2. Procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is 

flying the aircraft) 

3. Collision avoidance 

4. Wake turbulence avoidance 

5. Runway incursion avoidance 

6. CFIT 

7. Wire strike avoidance 

8. ADM and risk management 

9. Checklist usage 

10. Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) 

11. Special Use Airspace (SUA) 

12. Aviation security 

13. SRM and CRM 

14. Other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the 

practical test. 
 7 FAA-S-8081-16B

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

Task, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during 

the practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will relate 

to the complete situation. 

Commercial Pilot – Rotorcraft Practical Test Prerequisites 

An applicant for the Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft Practical Test is 

required by 14 CFR part 61 to: 

1. Possess a Private Pilot Certificate with a helicopter or 

gyroplane rating, if a Commercial Pilot Certificate with a 

helicopter or gyroplane rating is sought, or meet the flight 

experience required for a Private Pilot Certificate and pass 

the private helicopter or gyroplane knowledge and practical 

test 

2. Have passed the appropriate Commercial Pilot Knowledge 

Test since the beginning of the 24th month before the 

month in which the practical test is completed 

3. Obtain the applicable instruction and aeronautical 

experience prescribed for the Commercial Pilot Certificate 

or rating sought 

4. Possess at least a current Third-Class Medical Certificate 

issued under 14 CFR part 67 

5. Be at least 18 years of age 

6. Obtain a written statement from an appropriately certificated 

flight instructor certifying that the applicant has been given 

flight instruction in preparation for the practical test within 

60 days preceding the date of application. The statement 

must also state that the instructor finds the applicant 

competent to pass the practical test and that the applicant 

has satisfactory knowledge of the subject area(s) in which a 

deficiency was indicated by the airman knowledge test 

report 

7. Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language. If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English 

Language Skill Standards 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test 

The commercial pilot applicant is required by 14 CFR part 61, 

section 61.45 to provide an airworthy, certificated aircraft for use 

during the practical test. This section further requires that the aircraft 

must: 

1. Be of U.S., foreign or military registry of the same category, 

class, and type, if applicable, for the certificate and/or rating 

for which the applicant is applying 
FAA-S-8081-16B 8 

2. Have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided in 

14 CFR part 61, section 61.45(c) and (e); in this CFR 

Section 

3. Be capable of performing ALL Areas of Operation 

appropriate to the rating sought and have no operating 

limitations, which prohibit its use in any of the Areas of 

Operation, required for the practical test 

Flight Instructor Responsibility 

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the 

commercial pilot applicant to acceptable standards in all subject 

matter areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the Tasks 

within the appropriate commercial pilot practical test standard. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of 

knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to 

students. 

Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is 

responsible for emphasizing the performance of effective visual 

scanning, collision avoidance, and runway incursion avoidance 

procedures. 

Examiner1 Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for 

determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of 

knowledge and skill of each Task within the appropriate practical 

test standard. Since there is no formal division between the “oral” 

and “skill" portions of the practical test, this becomes an ongoing 

process throughout the test. To avoid unnecessary distractions, oral 

questioning, to determine the applicant’s knowledge of Tasks and 

related safety factors, should be used judiciously at all times, 

especially during the flight portion of the practical test. 

Examiners must test to the greatest extent practicable the 

applicant's correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of 

facts throughout the practical test. 

If the examiner determines that a Task is incomplete or the outcome 

uncertain, the examiner may require the applicant to repeat that 

Task or portions of that Task. This provision has been made in the 

 

1 The word “examiner” denotes either the FAA inspector or FAA designated pilot 

examiner who conducts the practical test.
 9 FAA-S-8081-16B

interest of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or 

the repeating of an unsatisfactory task is permitted during the 

certification process. 

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner must 

evaluate the applicant's use of visual scanning and collision 

avoidance procedures. 

Satisfactory Performance 

Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for certification is 

based on the applicant's ability to safely: 

1. Perform the Tasks specified in the Areas of Operation for 

the certificate or rating sought within the approved 

standards 

2. Demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful 

outcome of each Task performed never seriously in doubt 

3. Demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency 

within the approved standards 

4. Demonstrate sound judgment and ADM 

5. Demonstrate single-pilot competence if the aircraft is type 

certificated for single-pilot operations 

Unsatisfactory Performance 

The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying 

conditions. If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does 

not meet the standards of performance of any Task performed, the 

associated Area of Operation is failed and therefore, the practical 

test is failed. 

The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time 

when the failure of an Area of Operation makes the applicant 

ineligible for the certificate or rating sought. The test may be 

continued ONLY with the consent of the applicant. If the test is 

discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for only those Areas of 

Operation and their associated Tasks satisfactorily performed. 

However, during the retest and at the discretion of the examiner, 

any Task may be re-evaluated including those previously passed. 

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for 

disqualification are: 

1. Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe 

flight. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 10 

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning 

techniques to clear the area before and while performing 

maneuvers. 

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives. 

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances 

are exceeded. 

When a disapproval notice is issued, the examiner will record the 

applicant's unsatisfactory performance and Tasks not completed in 

terms of Area of Operations and specific Task(s) not meeting the 

standard appropriate to the practical test conducted. The Area(s) of 

Operation/Task(s) not tested and the number of practical test 

failures must also be recorded. If the applicant fails the practical 

test because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval 

must indicate the associated Task. i.e.: Area of Operation VIII, 

Settling-With-Power, failure to use proper collision avoidance 

procedures. 

Letter of Discontinuance 

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than 

unsatisfactory performance (i.e., equipment failure, weather, or 

illness) FAA Form 8700-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating 

Application, and, if applicable, the Airman Knowledge Test Report, 

is to be returned to the applicant. The examiner at that time 

prepares, signs, and issues a Letter of Discontinuance to the 

applicant. The Letter of Discontinuance should identify the Areas of 

Operation and their associated Tasks of the practical test that were 

successfully completed. The applicant should be advised that the 

Letter of Discontinuance must be presented to the examiner when 

the practical test is resumed, and made part of the certification file. 

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management 

Throughout the practical test, the examiner evaluates the applicant’s 

ability to use good aeronautical decision-making procedures in order 

to identify risks. The examiner accomplishes this requirement by 

developing scenarios that incorporate as many Tasks as possible to 

evaluate the applicants risk management in making safe 

aeronautical decisions. For example, the examiner may develop a 

scenario that incorporates weather decisions and performance 

planning. 

The applicant’s ability to utilize all the assets available in making a 

risk analysis to determine the safest course of action is essential for 

satisfactory performance. The scenarios should be realistic and 

within the capabilities of the aircraft used for the practical test. 
 11 FAA-S-8081-16B

Single-Pilot Resource Management 

Single-Pilot Resource Management refers to the effective use of all

available resources: human resources, hardware, and information. It 

is similar to Crew Resource Management (CRM) procedures that 

are being emphasized in multi-crewmember operations except that 

only one crewmember (the pilot) is involved. Human resources 

“...includes all other groups routinely working with the pilot who are 

involved in decisions that are required to operate a flight safely. 

These groups include, but are not limited to: dispatchers, weather 

briefers, maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers.” Pilot 

Resource Management is not a single Task; it is a set of skill 

competencies that must be evident in all Tasks in this practical test 

standard as applied to single-pilot operation. 

Applicant's Use of Checklists 

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use 

of an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific 

Task being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the 

checklist while accomplishing the elements of the Objective would 

be either unsafe or impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. 

In this case, a review of the checklist after the elements have been 

accomplished would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper 

visual scanning would be considered when using a checklist. 

Use of Distractions during Practical Tests 

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when 

the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To 

evaluate the pilot's ability to utilize proper control technique while 

dividing attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the 

examiner should cause a realistic distraction during the flight

portion of the practical test to evaluate the applicant's ability to 

divide attention while maintaining safe flight. 

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

During flight, there must always be a clear understanding between 

pilots of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, a briefing 

should be conducted that includes the procedure for the exchange 

of flight controls. A positive three-step process in the exchange of 

flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is 

strongly recommended. 

When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, 

he or she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The other pilot 

acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” 

The first pilot again says, “You have the flight controls.” When 
FAA-S-8081-16B 12 

control is returned to the first pilot, follow the same procedure. A 

visual check is recommended to verify that the exchange has 

occurred. There should never be any doubt as to who is flying the 

aircraft. 
13 

Section 1: 

Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft – Helicopter 
14 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
 15 FAA-S-8081-16B 

Additional Rating Task Table: 

Rotorcraft – Helicopter 

Addition of a Rotorcraft – Helicopter rating to an existing 

Commercial Pilot Certificate 

Required Tasks are indicated by either the Task letter(s) that 

apply(s) or an indication that all or none of the Tasks must be 

tested based on the notes in each Area of Operation. 

Commercial Pilot Rating(s) Held Areas 

 of 

Operation ASEL ASES AMEL AMES RG 

NonPower 

Glider

Power 

Glider

Free 

Balloon Airship 

I F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G,I

,J 

F,G,I

,J 

F,G,I

,J F,G 

II All All All All All All All All All 

III B,C B,C B,C B,C All All All All B,C 

IV All All All All All All All All All 

V All All All All All All All All All 

VI All All All All All All All All All 

VII None None None None B B,C,

D 

B,C,

D 

B,C,

D None 

VIII All All All All All All All All All 

IX All All All All All All All All All 

X All All All All All All All All All 
FAA-S-8081-16B 16 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
 17 FAA-S-8081-16B 

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter) 

Appointment with Examiner 

Examiner’s Name: ___________________________________ 

Location:___________________________________________ 

Date/Time: _________________________________________ 

Acceptable Aircraft 

 Aircraft Documents: 

 Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Operating Limitations 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: 

 Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD 

Compliance 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Helicopter Flight 

Manual 

 FCC Station License 

Personal Equipment 

 View-Limiting Device 

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Computer and Plotter 

 Flight Plan Form 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate 

Publications 

Personal Records 

 Identification - Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or 

Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if applicable) 

 AC Form 8080-2, Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable) 

 Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 
FAA-S-8081-16B 18 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
 19 FAA-S-8081-16B 

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter) 

Applicant's Name: ___________________________________ 

Location:___________________________________________ 

Date/Time: _________________________________________ 

Area of Operation: 

I. Preflight Preparation 

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements 

 C. Weather Information 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning 

 E. National Airspace System 

 F. Performance and Limitations 

 G. Operation of Systems 

 H. Aeromedical Factors 

 I. Physiological Aspects of Night Flying 

 J. Lighting and Equipment for Night Flying 

II. Preflight Procedures 

 A. Preflight Inspection 

 B. Cockpit Management 

 C. Engine Starting and Rotor Engagement 

 D. Runway Incursion Avoidance 

 E. Before Takeoff Check 

III. Airport and Heliport Operations 

 A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals 

 B. Traffic Patterns 

 C. Airport/Heliport, Runway, Helipad, and Taxiway, Signs, 

Markings, and Lighting 

IV. Hovering Maneuvers 

 A. Vertical Takeoff and Landing 

 B. Slope Operations 

 C. Surface Taxi 

 D. Hover Taxi 

 E. Air Taxi 

V. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds 

 A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 

 B. Normal and Crosswind Approach 

 C. Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb 
FAA-S-8081-16B 20 

 D. Steep Approach 

 E. Rolling Takeoff 

 F. Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing 

 G. Go-Around 

VI. Performance Maneuvers 

 A. Rapid Deceleration 

 B. Straight in Autorotation 

 C. 180 Autorotation 

 D. Approach and Landing with Simulated Powerplant 

Failure – Multiengine Helicopter 

VII. Navigation 

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

 B. Radio Navigation and Radar Services 

 C. Diversion 

 D. Lost Procedures 

VIII. Emergency Operations 

 A. Power Failure at a Hover 

 B. Power Failure at Altitude 

 C. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 D. Settling-With-Power 

 E. Low Rotor RPM Recovery 

 F. Dynamic Rollover 

 G. Ground Resonance 

 H. Low G Conditions 

 I. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

IX. Special Operations 

 A. Confined Area Operation 

 B. Pinnacle/Platform Operations 

X. Postflight Procedures 

 After Landing and Securing 
 21 FAA-S-8081-16B 

Areas of Operation: 

I. Preflight Preparation 

Task A: Certificates and Documents 

References: 14 CFR parts 39, 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-21, 

FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. Commercial Pilot Certificate privileges, limitations, and 

recent flight experience requirements. 

b. medical certificate class and duration. 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

b. operating limitations, placards, POH/RFM, and 

instrument markings. 

c. weight and balance data and equipment list. 

d. airworthiness directives, compliance records, 

maintenance requirements, and appropriate records. 

Task B: Airworthiness Requirements 

References: 14 CFR part 91, 39; FAA-H-8083-21. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR. 

b. procedures and limitations for determining 

airworthiness of the helicopter with inoperative 

instruments and equipment with and without an MEL. 

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special 

flight permit. 

2. Locating and explaining— 
FAA-S-8081-16B 22 

a. airworthiness directives. 

b. compliance records. 

c. maintenance/inspection requirements. 

d. appropriate record keeping. 

Task C: Weather Information 

References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84; FAAH-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather 

information by analyzing available weather reports, charts, 

and forecasts from various sources with emphasis on— 

a. METAR, TAF, and FA. 

b. surface analysis chart. 

c. radar summary chart. 

d. winds and temperature aloft chart. 

e. significant weather prognostic charts. 

f. convective outlook chart. 

g. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports. 

h. SIGMETs and AIRMETs. 

i. PIREPs. 

j. windshear reports. 

k. icing and freezing level information. 

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available 

weather information. 

Task D: Cross-Country Flight Planning 

NOTE: In-flight demonstration of cross-country procedures by the 

applicant is tested under Area of Operation VII: Navigation. 

References: AC 61-21, AC 61-84, FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation 

Charts; Airport/Facility Directory; FDC NOTAMs; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country 

flight planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned 

VFR cross-country flight, as previously assigned by the 

examiner. On the day of the practical test, the flight plan 

should be to the first fuel stop necessary, based on 
 23 FAA-S-8081-16B 

maximum allowable passenger, baggage, and/or cargo 

loads using real-time weather. 

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain 

features, including discussion of wire strike avoidance 

techniques. 

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints. 

5. Selects most favorable altitudes, considering weather 

conditions and equipment capabilities. 

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements. 

7. Selects appropriate navigation systems/facilities and 

communication frequencies. 

8. Extracts and applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, 

Airport/Facility Directory, and other flight publications. 

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight 

plan. 

Task E: National Airspace System 

References: 14 CFR parts 71, 91, 93; Navigation Charts; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to the National Airspace System 

by explaining: 

1. Basic VFR Weather Minimums – for all classes of airspace. 

2. Airspace classes – their operating rules, pilot certification, 

and helicopter equipment requirements for the following— 

a. Class A. 

b. Class B. 

c. Class C. 

d. Class D. 

e. Class E. 

f. Class G. 

3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas. 

Task F: Performance and Limitations 

References: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 

91-23; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance 

and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and 
FAA-S-8081-16B 24 

data to determine performance and the adverse effects of 

exceeding limitations. 

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed 

weight and center of gravity is within the helicopter’s 

operating limitations and if the center of gravity will remain 

within limits during all phases of flight. 

3. Demonstrates the use of appropriate performance charts, 

tables, and data. 

4. Describes the effects of various atmospheric conditions on 

the helicopter's performance. 

5. Understands the causes and effects of retreating blade 

stall. 

6. Considers circumstances when operating within “avoid 

areas” of the height/velocity diagram. 

7. Is aware of situations that lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque 

effectiveness (unanticipated yaw). 

Task G: Operation of Systems 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; 

POH/AFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to the appropriate normal 

operating procedures and limitations of the following 

systems by explaining: 

1. Primary flight controls, trim, and, if installed, stability control. 

2. Powerplant. 

3. Main rotor and antitorque. 

4. Landing gear, brakes, steering, skids, or floats, as 

applicable. 

5. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic. 

6. Electrical. 

7. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure and associated flight 

instruments, if applicable. 

8. Environmental. 

9. Anti-icing, including carburetor heat, if applicable. 

10. Avionics equipment. 

Task H: Aeromedical Factors 

References: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to aeromedical factors by 

explaining: 
 25 FAA-S-8081-16B 

1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at 

least three (3) of the following— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. stress and fatigue. 

h. dehydration. 

i. The effects of alcohol and drugs, including over-thecounter drugs. 

2. The effects of nitrogen excesses during scuba dives upon a 

pilot and/or passenger in flight. 

Task I: Physiological Aspects of Night Flying 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to the physiological aspects of 

night flying by explaining: 

1. The function of various parts of the eye essential for night 

vision. 

2. Adaptation of the eye to changing light. 

3. Correct use of the eye to accommodate changing light. 

4. Coping with illusions created by various light conditions. 

5. Effects of the pilot's physical condition on visual acuity. 

6. Methods for increasing vision effectiveness. 

Task J: Lighting and Equipment for Night Flying 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lighting and 

equipment for night flying by explaining— 

a. the types and uses of various personal lighting 

devices. 

b. the required equipment and location of external 

navigation lighting of the helicopter. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 26 

c. the meaning of various airport, heliport, and navigation 

lights, the method of determining their status, and the 

procedure for airborne activation of runway lights. 

2. Locates and identifies switches, spare fuses, and circuit 

breakers pertinent to night operations. 
 27 FAA-S-8081-16B 

II. Preflight Procedures 

Task A: Preflight Inspection 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a preflight 

inspection. Including, which items must be inspected, the 

reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible 

defects. 

2. Inspects the helicopter with reference to an appropriate 

checklist. 

3. Verifies that the helicopter is in condition for safe flight. 

Task B: Cockpit Management 

References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-32; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit 

management procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and cabin are 

secured. 

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so 

they are readily available. 

4. Briefs the occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder 

harnesses, doors, rotor blade avoidance, and emergency 

procedures. 

Task C: Engine Starting and Rotor Engagement 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 91-13, AC 91-42, AC-91-55; 

POH/RFM 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to correct 

engine starting procedures. Including, the use of an 

external power source, starting under various atmospheric 

conditions, awareness of other persons and property during 

start, and the effects of using incorrect starting procedures. 

2. Ensures proper rotor blade clearance, and frictions flight 

controls, as necessary. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 28 

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedures. 

Task D: Runway Incursion Avoidance 

References: AC 91-73, AC 150-5340-18; AFD; AIM; FAA-H-8083-

25. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements of runway incursion avoidance by: 

1. Exhibiting distinct challenges and requirements during taxi 

operations not found in other phases of flight operations. 

2. Exhibiting procedures for appropriate cockpit activities 

during taxiing including taxi route planning, briefing the 

location of hot spots, communicating and coordinating with 

ATC. 

3. Exhibiting procedures for steering, maneuvering, 

maintaining taxiway, runway position, and situational 

awareness. 

4. Knowing the relevance/importance of hold lines. 

5. Exhibiting procedures to ensure the pilot maintains strict 

focus to the movement of the aircraft and ATC 

communications, including the elimination of all distractive 

activities (i.e. cell phone, texting, conversations with 

passengers) during aircraft taxi, takeoff and climb out to 

cruise altitude. 

6. Utilizing procedures for holding the pilot’s workload to a 

minimum during taxi operations. 

7. Utilizing taxi operation planning procedures, such as 

recording taxi instructions, reading back taxi clearances, 

and reviewing taxi routes on the airport diagram, 

8. Utilizing procedures to ensure that clearance or instructions 

that are actually received are adhered to rather than the 

ones expected to be received. 

9. Utilizing procedures to maintain/enhance situational 

awareness when conducting taxi operations in relation to 

other aircraft operations in the vicinity as well as to other 

vehicles moving on the airport. 

10. Exhibiting procedures for briefing if a landing rollout to a 

taxiway exit will place the pilot in close proximity to another 

runway which can result in a runway incursion. 

11. Conducting appropriate after landing/taxi procedures in the 

event the aircraft is on a taxiway that is between parallel 

runways. 

12. Knowing specific procedures for operations at an airport 

with an operating air traffic control tower, with emphasis on 

ATC communications and runway entry/crossing 

authorizations. 
 29 FAA-S-8081-16B 

13. Utilizing ATC communications and pilot actions before 

takeoff, before landing, and after landing at towered and 

non-towered airports. 

14. Knowing procedures unique to night operations. 

15. Knowing operations at non-towered airports. 

16. Knowing the use of aircraft exterior lighting. 

17. Knowing the hazards of low visibility operations. 

Task E: Before Takeoff Check 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before 

takeoff check. Including, the reasons for checking each item 

and how to detect malfunctions. 

2. Positions the helicopter properly considering other aircraft, 

wind, and surface conditions. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

4. Ensures that the engine temperature and pressure are 

suitable for run-up and takeoff. 

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and ensures that the 

helicopter is in safe operating condition. 

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, 

departure, and emergency procedures. 

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with 

traffic prior to takeoff. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 30 

III. Airport and Heliport Operations 

Task A: Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals 

References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

communications and ATC light signals. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with 

instructions. 

Task B: Traffic Patterns 

References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 90-66; FAA-H-8083-21; AIM, 

POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic 

patterns. Including, procedures at airports and heliports with 

and without operating control towers, prevention of runway 

incursions collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, 

and wind shear. 

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic or avoids the 

flow of fixed wing aircraft. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain proper ground track. 

5. Maintains orientation with runway/landing area. 

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude ±100 feet, and appropriate 

airspeed, ±10 knots. 

Task C: Airport/Heliport Runway, Helipad, and Taxiway 

Signs, Markings, and Lighting 

References: 14 CFR part 91; A/FD; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM, AC 91-

73, AC 150-5340-18. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

airport/heliport runway and taxiway operations with 

emphasis on runway incursion avoidance. 
 31 FAA-S-8081-16B 

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/heliport, runway, 

and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 32 

IV. Hovering Maneuvers 

Task A: Vertical Takeoff and Landing 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-95; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a vertical 

takeoff to a hover and landing from a hover. 

2. Ascends to and maintains recommended hovering altitude, 

and descends from recommended hovering altitude in 

headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Establishes recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that 

altitude within 10 feet of the surface; if above 10 feet, ±5 

feet. 

5. Avoids conditions that might lead to loss of tail 

rotor/antitorque effectiveness. 

6. Keeps forward and sideward movement within 2 feet of a 

designated point, with no aft movement. 

7. Descends vertically to within 2 feet of the designated 

touchdown point. 

8. Maintains specified heading, ±10°. 

Task B: Slope Operations 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to slope 

operations. 

2. Selects a suitable slope, approach, and direction 

considering wind effect, obstacles, dynamic rollover 

avoidance, and discharging passengers. 

3. Properly moves toward the slope. 

4. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

5. Makes a smooth positive descent to touch the upslope skid 

on the sloping surface. 

6. Maintains positive control while lowering the downslope 

skid or landing gear to touchdown. 

7. Recognizes when the slope is too steep and abandons the 

operation prior to reaching cyclic control stops. 

8. Makes a smooth transition from the slope to a stabilized 

over parallel to the slope. 

9. Properly moves away from the slope. 
 33 FAA-S-8081-16B 

10. Maintains the specified heading throughout the operation, 

±5°. 

Task C: Surface Taxi 

NOTE: This Task applies only to helicopters equipped with wheeltype landing gear. 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM, POH/AFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to surface 

taxiing. 

2. Surface taxies the helicopter from one point to another 

under headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions, with 

the landing gear in contact with the surface, avoiding 

conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque 

effectiveness. 

3. Properly uses cyclic, collective, and brakes to control speed 

while taxiing. 

4. Properly positions nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked 

or unlocked. 

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

6. Maintains appropriate speed for existing conditions. 

7. Stops helicopter within ± 2 feet of a specified point. 

8. Maintains specified track within ± 2 feet. 

Task D: Hover Taxi 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM, POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to hover taxiing. 

2. Hover taxies over specified ground references, 

demonstrating forward, sideward, and rearward hovering 

and hovering turns. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Maintains specified ground track within ± 2 feet on straight 

legs. 

5. Maintains constant rate of turn at pivot points. 

6. Maintains position within ± 2 feet of each pivot point during 

turns. 

7. Makes 90°, 180°, and 360° pivoting turns, stopping within 

10° of specified headings. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 34 

8. Maintains recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that 

altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 

feet. 

Task E: Air Taxi 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-95; AIM, POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to air taxiing. 

2. Air taxies the helicopter from one point to another under 

headwind and crosswind conditions. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Selects a safe airspeed and altitude. 

5. Maintains desired track and groundspeed in headwind and 

crosswind conditions, avoiding conditions that might lead to 

loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness. 

6. Maintains a specified altitude, ±5 feet. 
 35 FAA-S-8081-16B 

V. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds 

Task A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 

NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s 

knowledge of the crosswind elements must be evaluated 

through oral testing; otherwise a crosswind takeoff and 

climb must be demonstrated. 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind takeoff and climb, including factors affecting 

performance, to include height/velocity information. 

2. Establishes a stationary position on the surface or a 

stabilized hover, prior to takeoff in headwind and crosswind 

conditions. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Accelerates to manufacturer’s recommended climb 

airspeed, ±5 knots. 

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, as 

necessary. 

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

Task B: Normal and Crosswind Approach 

NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s 

knowledge of the crosswind elements must be evaluated 

through oral testing; otherwise a crosswind approach and 

landing must be demonstrated. 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind approach. 

2. Considers performance data, to include height/velocity 

information. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and 

obstacles. 

4. Selects a suitable termination point. 

5. Establishes and maintains the normal approach angle, and 

rate of closure. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 36 

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

7. Avoids situations that may result in settling-with-power. 

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, as 

necessary. 

9. Arrives at the termination point, on the surface or at a 

stabilized hover, ±2 feet. 

Task C: Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maximum 

performance takeoff and climb. 

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended 

and factors related to takeoff and climb performance, to 

include height/velocity information. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Utilizes proper control technique to initiate takeoff and 

forward climb airspeed attitude. 

5. Utilizes the maximum available takeoff power. 

6. After clearing all obstacles, transitions to normal climb 

attitude, airspeed, ±5 knots, and power setting. 

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, as 

necessary. 

Task D: Steep Approach 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep 

approach. 

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended 

and factors related to a steep approach, to include 

 height/velocity information. 

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and 

obstacles. 

4. Selects a suitable termination point. 

5. Establishes and maintains the recommended approach 

 angle, (15° maximum) and proper rate of closure. 

6. Avoids situations that can result in settling-with-power. 
 37 FAA-S-8081-16B 

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

9. Arrives at the termination point, on the surface or at a 

stabilized hover, ±2 feet. 

Task E: Rolling Takeoff 

NOTE: This Task applies only to helicopters equipped with wheeltype landing gear. 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rolling 

takeoff. 

2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended 

and factors related to takeoff and climb performance, to 

 include height/velocity information. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Utilizes proper preparatory technique prior to initiating 

takeoff. 

5. Initiates forward accelerating movement on the surface. 

6. Transitions to a normal climb airspeed, ±5 knots, and power 

setting. 

7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

9. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

Task F: Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to shallow 

approach and running/roll-on landing, including the purpose 

of the maneuver, factors affecting performance data, to 

include height/velocity information, and effect of landing 

surface texture. 

2. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

3. Considers obstacles and other hazards. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 38 

4. Establishes and maintains the recommended approach 

angle, and proper rate of closure. 

5. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

6. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

7. Maintains a speed that will take advantage of effective 

translational lift during surface contact with landing gear 

parallel with the ground track. 

8. Utilizes proper flight control technique after surface contact. 

9. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

Task G: Go-Around 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/AFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around 

and when it is necessary. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to 

landing. 

3. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

4. Establishes proper control input to stop descent and initiate 

climb. 

5. Retracts the landing gear, if applicable, after a positive rate 

of climb indication. 

6. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

7. Transitions to a normal climb airspeed, ±5 knots. 

8. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 
 39 FAA-S-8081-16B 

VI. Performance Maneuvers 

NOTE: The examiner must select Task A and at least one other 

Task. 

Task A: Rapid Deceleration 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Helicopter Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rapid 

deceleration. 

2. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

3. Properly coordinates all controls throughout the execution 

of the maneuver. 

4. Maintains an altitude that will permit safe clearance 

between the tail boom and the surface. 

5. Decelerates and terminates in a stationary hover at the 

recommended hovering altitude. 

6. Maintains heading throughout the maneuver, ±5°. 

Task B: Straight in Autorotation 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a straight in 

autorotation terminating with a power recovery to a hover. 

2. Selects a suitable touchdown area. 

3. Initiates the maneuver at the proper point. 

4. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ± 

5 knots. 

5. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits. 

6. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to 

void undershooting or overshooting the selected landing 

area. 

7. Utilizes proper deceleration, collective pitch application to a 

hover. 

8. Comes to a hover within 100 feet of a designated point. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 40 

Task C: 180° Autorotation 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a 180° 

autorotation terminating with a power recovery to a hover. 

2. Selects a suitable touchdown area. 

3. Initiates the maneuver at the proper point. 

4. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, 

±5 knots. 

5. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits. 

6. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to 

avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing 

 area. 

7. Utilizes proper deceleration, collective pitch application to a 

hover. 

8. Comes to a hover within 100 feet of a designated point. 

Task D: Approach and Landing with Simulated Powerplant 

Failure – Multiengine Helicopter 

NOTE: In a multiengine helicopter maneuvering to a landing, the 

applicant should follow a procedure that simulates the loss 

of one powerplant. 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of maneuvering to a landing 

with a powerplant inoperative, including the controllability 

factors associated with maneuvering, and the applicable 

emergency procedures. 

2. Selects a suitable touchdown point. 

3. Maintains, prior to beginning the final approach segment, 

the desired altitude ± 100 feet, the desired airspeed ± 10 

knots, the desired heading ± 5° , and maintains desired 

track. 

4. Establishes the approach and landing configuration 

appropriate for the runway or landing area, and adjusts the 

powerplant controls as required. 

5. Maintains a normal approach angle and recommended 

airspeed to the point of transition to touchdown. 

6. Terminates the approach in a smooth transition to 

touchdown. 
 41 FAA-S-8081-16B 

7. Completes the after-landing checklist items in a timely 

manner, after clearing the landing area, and as 

recommended by the manufacturer. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 42 

VII. Navigation 

Task A: Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

References: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84, Navigational Chart. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and 

dead reckoning. 

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating the surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Navigates by means of pre-computed headings, 

groundspeeds, and elapsed time. 

5. Corrects for, and records, the differences between preflight 

fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those 

determined en route. 

6. Verifies the helicopter’s position within 3 nautical miles of 

the flight planned route. 

7. Corrects for, and records, the differences between preflight 

fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those 

determined en route. 

8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet and 

established heading, ±10°. 

Task B: Radio Navigation and Radar Services 

References: FAA-H-8083-6, FAA-H-8083-25, AC 61-23, AC 61-84; 

Navigation Equipment Operation Manuals. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

navigation and ATC radar services. 

2. Selects and identifies the appropriate facilities or 

coordinates, as appropriate. 

3. Locates the helicopter's position relative to the navigation 

facilities or coordinates, as appropriate. 

4. Intercepts and tracks a given radial or bearing. 

5. Locates position using cross radials, coordinates, or 

bearings. 

6. Recognizes and describes the indication of station or way 

point passage. 

7. Recognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action. 

8. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing ATC 

radar services. 
 43 FAA-S-8081-16B 

9. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters). 

Task C: Diversion 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to procedures 

for diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or heliport and 

route. 

3. Promptly, diverts toward the alternate airport or heliport. 

4. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, 

arrival time, and fuel consumption to the alternate airport or 

heliport. 

5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet and 

established heading, ±10°. 

Task D: Lost Procedures 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost 

procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading, and climbs, if necessary. 

4. Attempts to identify prominent landmark(s). 

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an ATC 

facility for assistance as appropriate. 

6. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather 

and/or fuel exhaustion is impending. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 44 

VIII. Emergency Operations 

NOTE: Tasks F through I are knowledge only. 

Task A: Power Failure at a Hover 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power failure 

at a hover. 

2. Determines that the terrain below the aircraft is suitable for 

a safe touchdown. 

3. Performs autorotation from a stationary or forward hover 

into the wind at recommended altitude, and RPM, while 

maintaining established heading, ±5°. 

4. Touches down with minimum sideward movement, and no 

rearward movement. 

5. Exhibits orientation, division of attention, and proper 

planning. 

Task B: Power Failure at Altitude 

NOTE: Simulated power failure at altitude must be given over 

areas where actual touchdowns can safely be completed in 

the event of an actual powerplant failure. 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power failure 

at altitude. 

2. Establishes an autorotation and selects a suitable landing 

area. 

3. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, 

±5 knots. 

4. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits. 

5. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to 

avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing 

area. 

6. Terminates approach with a power recovery at a safe 

altitude when directed by the examiner. 
 45 FAA-S-8081-16B 

Task C: Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, 

indications, and pilot actions for various systems and 

equipment malfunctions. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the 

helicopter used for the practical test, in at least four of the 

following areas— 

a. engine/oil and fuel. 

b. hydraulic, if applicable. 

c. electrical. 

d. carburetor or induction icing. 

e. smoke and/or fire. 

f. flight control/trim. 

g. pitot static/vacuum and associated flight instruments, if 

applicable. 

h. rotor and/or antitorque. 

i. various frequency vibrations and the possible 

components that may be affected. 

j. any other emergency unique to the helicopter flown. 

Task D: Settling-With-Power 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to settling-withpower. 

2. Selects an altitude that will allow recovery to be completed 

no less than 1,000 feet AGL or, if applicable, the 

manufacturer’s recommended altitude, whichever is higher. 

3. Promptly recognizes and announces the onset of settlingwith-power. 

4. Utilizes the appropriate recovery procedure. 

Task E: Low Rotor RPM Recovery 

NOTE: The examiner may test the applicant orally on this Task if 

helicopter used for the practical test has a governor that 

cannot be disabled. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 46 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Appropriate Manufacturer’s Safety 

Notices; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low rotor 

RPM recovery, including the combination of conditions that 

are likely to lead to this situation. 

2. Detects the development of low rotor RPM and initiates 

prompt corrective action. 

3. Utilizes the appropriate recovery procedure. 

Task F: Dynamic Rollover 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-87; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the 

aerodynamics of dynamic rollover. 

2. Understands the interaction between the antitorque thrust, 

crosswind, slope, CG, cyclic and collective pitch control in 

contributing to dynamic rollover. 

3. Explains preventive flight technique during takeoffs, 

landings, and slope operations. 

Task G: Ground Resonance 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a fully 

articulated rotor system and the aerodynamics of ground 

resonance. 

2. Understands the conditions that contribute to ground 

resonance. 

3. Explains preventive flight technique during takeoffs and 

landings. 
 47 FAA-S-8081-16B 

Task H: Low G Conditions 

References: Helicopter Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low G 

conditions. 

2. Understands and recognizes the situations that contribute 

to low G conditions. 

3. Explains proper recovery procedures. 

Task I: Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

equipment and survival gear appropriate to the helicopter 

environment encountered during flight. 

2. Identifies appropriate equipment that should be on board 

the helicopter. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 48 

IX. Special Operations 

Task A: Confined Area Operation 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to confined area 

operations. 

2. Accomplishes a proper high and low reconnaissance. 

3. Selects a suitable approach path, termination point, and 

departure path. 

4. Tracks the selected approach path at an acceptable 

approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point. 

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

6. Avoids situations that can result in settling-with-power. 

7. Terminates at a hover or on the surface, as conditions 

allow. 

8. Accomplishes a proper ground reconnaissance. 

9. Selects a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting 

takeoff and climb performance under various conditions. 

Task B: Pinnacle/Platform Operations 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

pinnacle/platform operations. 

2. Accomplishes a proper high and low reconnaissance. 

3. Selects a suitable approach path, termination point, and 

departure path. 

4. Tracks the selected approach path at an acceptable 

approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point. 

5. Maintains RPM within normal limits. 

6. Terminates at a hover or on the surface, as conditions 

allow. 

7. Accomplishes a proper ground reconnaissance. 

8. Selects a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting 

takeoff and climb performance under various conditions. 
 49 FAA-S-8081-16B 

X. Postflight Procedures 

Task: After Landing and Securing 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing, 

parking, and securing. 

2. Minimizes the hazardous effects of rotor downwash during 

hovering. 

3. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of 

nearby persons and property. 

4. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

5. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

6. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures 

the aircraft. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 50 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
51 

Section 2: 

Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft – Gyroplane 
52 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
 53 FAA-S-8081-16B

Additional Rating Task Table: 

Rotorcraft – Gyroplane 

Addition of a Rotorcraft – Gyroplane rating to an existing Private Pilot 

Certificate 

Required Tasks are indicated by either the Task letter(s) that apply(s) 

or an indication that all or none of the Tasks must be tested based on 

the notes in each Area of Operation. 

Commercial Pilot Rating(s) Held 

Areas of 

Operation ASEL ASES AMEL AMES RH 

NonPower 

Glider 

Power 

Glider 

Free 

Balloon Airship 

I F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G 

II All All All All All All All All All 

III B B,C B B,C B All B All B 

IV All All All All All All All All All 

V All All All All All All All All All 

VI All All All All All All All All All 

VII None None None None None B,C,

D 

B,C,

D 

B,C,

D None 

VIII All All All All All All All All All 

IX All All All All All All All All All 

X None None None None None All All All All 

XI All All All All All All All All All 
FAA-S-8081-16B 54 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
 55 FAA-S-8081-16B

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane) 

Appointment with Examiner 

Examiner’s Name: ___________________________________ 

Location:___________________________________________ 

Date/Time: _________________________________________ 

Acceptable Aircraft 

 Aircraft Documents: 

 Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Operating Limitations 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: 

 Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD 

Compliance 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook 

 FAA-Approved Gyroplane Flight Manual 

 FCC Station License 

Personal Equipment 

 View-Limiting Device 

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Computer and Plotter 

 Flight Plan Form 

 Flight Logs 

 Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate 

Publications 

Personal Records 

 Identification – Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or 

Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if applicable) 

 AC Form 8080-2, Airman Knowledge Test Report 

 Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable) 

 Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 
FAA-S-8081-16B 56 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
 57 FAA-S-8081-16B

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Gyroplane) 

Applicant's Name: ___________________________________ 

Location:___________________________________________ 

Date/Time: _________________________________________ 

I. Preflight Preparation 

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements 

 C. Weather Information 

 D. Cross-Country Flight Planning 

 E. National Airspace System 

 F. Performance and Limitations 

 G. Operation of Systems 

 H. Aeromedical Factors 

 I. Physiological Aspects of Night Flying 

 J. Lighting and Equipment for Night Flying 

II. Preflight Procedures 

 A. Preflight Inspection 

 B. Cockpit Management 

 C. Engine Starting 

 D. Runway Incursion Avoidance 

 E. Taxiing 

 F. Before Takeoff Check 

III. Airport Operations 

 A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals 

 B. Traffic Patterns 

 C. Airport Markings and Lighting 

IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds 

 A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 

 B. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing 

 C. Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb 

 D. Soft-Field Approach and Landing 

 E. Short-Field Takeoff and Climb 

 F. Short-Field Approach and Landing 

 G. Go-Around 

V. Performance Maneuver 

 Steep Turns 
FAA-S-8081-16B 58 

VI. Navigation 

 A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

 B. Radio Navigation and Radar Services 

 C. Diversion 

 D. Lost Procedures 

VII. Flight at Slow Airspeed 

 A. Straight-and-Level, Turns, Climbs, and Descents at 

Slow Airspeeds 

 B. High Rate of Descent and Recovery 

VIII. Emergency Operations 

 A. Emergency Approach and Landing 

 B. Lift-Off at Low Airspeed and High Angle Of Attack 

 C. Ground Resonance 

 D. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

 E. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

IX. Postflight Procedures 

 After Landing, Parking, and Securing 
 59 FAA-S-8081-16B

Areas of Operation: 

I. Preflight Preparation 

Task A: Certificates and Documents 

References: 14 CFR parts 39, 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-21, 

FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. Commercial Pilot Certificate privileges and limitations 

and recent flight experience requirements. 

b. medical certificate class and duration. 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates 

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, 

and gyroplane flight manual 

c. weight and balance data and equipment list 

d. airworthiness directives, compliance records, 

maintenance requirements, and appropriate records 

Task B: Airworthiness Requirements 

References: 14 CFR parts 39, 91; FAA-H-8083-21. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR. 

b. procedures and limitations for determining 

airworthiness of the gyroplane with inoperative 

instruments and equipment with and without an MEL. 

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special 

flight permit. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness directives 
FAA-S-8081-16B 60 

b. compliance records 

c. maintenance/inspection requirements 

d. appropriate record keeping. 

Task C: Weather Information 

References: 14 CFR 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84; FAA-H8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather 

information by analyzing weather reports, charts, and 

forecasts from various sources with emphasis on— 

a. METAR, TAF, and FA. 

b. surface analysis chart. 

c. radar summary chart. 

d. winds and temperature aloft chart. 

e. significant weather prognostic charts. 

f. convective outlook chart. 

g. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports. 

h. SIGMETs and AIRMETs. 

i. PIREPs. 

j. windshear reports. 

k. icing and freezing level information. 

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available 

weather information. 

Task D: Cross-Country Flight Planning 

NOTE: In-flight demonstration of cross-country procedures by the 

applicant is tested under Area of Operation VI: Navigation. 

References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; 

Navigation Charts; Airport/Facility Directory; FDC 

NOTAMs; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country 

flight planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned 

VFR cross-country flight, as previously assigned by the 

examiner. On the day of the practical test, the final flight 

plan shall be to the first fuel stop necessary, based on 
 61 FAA-S-8081-16B

maximum allowable passenger, baggage, and/or cargo 

loads using real time weather. 

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstacles, and terrain features, 

including discussion of wire strike avoidance techniques. 

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints. 

5. Selects the most favorable altitudes, considering weather 

conditions and equipment capabilities. 

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements. 

7. Selects appropriate navigation systems/facilities and 

communication frequencies. 

8. Applies pertinent information from FDC NOTAMs, 

Airport/Facility Directory, and other flight publications. 

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight 

plan. 

Task E: National Airspace System 

References: 14 CFR parts 71, 91, 93; Navigation Charts; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to the National Airspace System 

by explaining: 

1. Basic VFR Weather Minimums – for all classes of airspace. 

2. Airspace classes – their boundaries, pilot certification, and 

gyroplane equipment requirements for the following— 

a. Class A. 

b. Class B. 

c. Class C. 

d. Class D. 

e. Class E. 

f. Class G. 

3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas. 

Task F: Performance and Limitations 

References: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 

61-84; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance 

and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and 
FAA-S-8081-16B 62 

data to determine performance and the adverse effects of 

exceeding limitations. 

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed 

weight and center of gravity is within the gyroplane’s 

operating limitations and if the weight and center of gravity 

will remain within limits during all phases of flight. 

3. Demonstrates the use of appropriate performance charts, 

tables, and data. 

4. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the 

gyroplane’s performance. 

5. Understands the cause, effect, and avoidance procedure of 

“ power pushover,” and “ pilot induced oscillation.” 

Task G: Operation of Systems 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight 

Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to the operation of systems on 

the gyroplane provided for the flight test by explaining 

at least four (4) of the following systems selected by 

the examiner. 

1. Primary flight controls and trim. 

2. Powerplant. 

3. Rotor, including prerotator/spin-up control, if applicable. 

4. Landing gear, brakes, and steering. 

5. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic. 

6. Electrical. 

7. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight 

instruments, if applicable. 

8. Environmental, if applicable. 

9. Anti-icing, including carburetor heat, if applicable. 

10. Avionics equipment. 

Task H: Aeromedical Factors 

References: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to aeromedical factors by 

explaining: 

1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at 

least four (4) of the following— 
 63 FAA-S-8081-16B

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning. 

g. stress and fatigue. 

2. The effects of alcohol and drugs, including over-the-counter 

drugs. 

3. The effects of nitrogen excesses during scuba dives upon a 

pilot and/or passenger in flight. 

Task I: Physiological Aspects of Night Flying 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements related to the physiological aspects of 

night flying by explaining: 

1. The function of various parts of the eye essential for night 

vision. 

2. Adaptation of the eye to changing light. 

3. Correct use of the eye to accommodate changing light. 

4. Coping with illusions created by various light conditions. 

5. Effects of the pilot's physical condition on visual acuity. 

6. Methods for increasing vision effectiveness. 

Task J: Lighting and Equipment for Night Flying 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Gyroplane 

Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lighting and 

equipment for night flying by explaining— 

a. the types and uses of various personal lighting 

devices. 

b. the required equipment, and location of external 

navigation lighting of the gyroplane. 

c. the meaning of various airport and navigation lights, 

the method of determining their status, and the 

procedure for airborne activation of runway lights. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 64 

2. Locates and identifies switches, spare fuses, and circuit 

breakers pertinent to night operations. 
 65 FAA-S-8081-16B

II. Preflight Procedures 

Task A: Preflight Inspection 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a preflight 

inspection including which items must be inspected, the 

reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible 

defects. 

2. Inspects the gyroplane with reference to an appropriate 

checklist. 

3. Verifies that the gyroplane is in condition for safe flight. 

Task B: Cockpit Management 

References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-32; FAA-H-8083-25; 

Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to efficient 

cockpit management procedures. 

2. Ensures all loose items in the aircraft are secured. 

3. Organizes and arranges material and equipment in an 

efficient manner so they are readily available. 

4. Briefs the occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder 

harnesses, doors, propeller and rotor blade avoidance, and 

emergency procedures. 

Task C: Engine Starting 

References: AC 91-13, AC 91-42, AC 91-55; FAA-H-8083-21, FAAH-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to correct 

engine starting procedures. Including the use of an external 

power source, starting under various atmospheric 

conditions, awareness of other persons and property during 

start, and the effects of using incorrect starting procedures. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 66 

2. Positions the gyroplane properly considering structures, 

surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby 

persons and property. 

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure. 

Task D: Runway Incursion Avoidance 

References: AC 91-73, AC 150-5340-18; AIM; AFD; FAA-H-8083-

25. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

the elements of runway incursion avoidance by: 

1. Exhibiting distinct challenges and requirements during taxi 

operations not found in other phases of flight operations. 

2. Exhibiting procedures for appropriate cockpit activities 

during taxiing including taxi route planning, briefing the 

location of hot spots, communicating and coordinating with 

ATC. 

3. Exhibiting procedures for steering, maneuvering, 

maintaining taxiway, runway position, and situational 

awareness. 

4. Knowing the relevance/importance of hold lines. 

5. Exhibiting procedures to ensure the pilot maintains strict 

focus to the movement of the aircraft and ATC 

communications, including the elimination of all distractive 

activities (i.e. cell phone, texting, conversations with 

passengers) during aircraft taxi, takeoff and climb out to 

cruise altitude. 

6. Utilizing procedures for holding the pilot’s workload to a 

minimum during taxi operations. 

7. Utilizing taxi operation planning procedures, such as 

recording taxi instructions, reading back taxi clearances, 

and reviewing taxi routes on the airport diagram, 

8. Utilizing procedures to ensure that clearance or instructions 

that are actually received are adhered to rather than the 

ones expected to be received. 

9. Utilizing procedures to maintain/enhance situational 

awareness when conducting taxi operations in relation to 

other aircraft operations in the vicinity as well as to other 

vehicles moving on the airport. 

10. Exhibiting procedures for briefing if a landing rollout to a 

taxiway exit will place the pilot in close proximity to another 

runway which can result in a runway incursion. 

11. Conducting appropriate after landing/taxi procedures in the 

event the aircraft is on a taxiway that is between parallel 

runways. 
 67 FAA-S-8081-16B

12. Knowing specific procedures for operations at an airport 

with an operating air traffic control tower, with emphasis on 

ATC communications and runway entry/crossing 

authorizations. 

13. Utilizing ATC communications and pilot actions before 

takeoff, before landing, and after landing at towered and 

non-towered airports. 

14. Knowing procedures unique to night operations. 

15. Knowing operations at non-towered airports. 

16. Knowing the use of aircraft exterior lighting. 

17. Knowing the hazards of low visibility operations. 

Task E: Taxiing 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 91-73, AC 140-

5340-18 A/FD; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

recommended taxi procedures, including rotor blade 

management and the effect of wind during taxiing. 

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the gyroplane 

begins moving. 

3. Properly positions rotor blades while taxiing. 

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of 

brakes. 

5. Complies with airport markings, signals, ATC clearances, 

and instructions. 

6. Avoids other aircraft and hazards. 

7. Properly positions the gyroplane for run-up considering 

other aircraft, surface conditions, and if applicable, existing 

wind conditions. 

Task F: Before Takeoff Check 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Gyroplane Flight 

Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before 

takeoff check. Including, the reasons for checking the items 

and how to detect malfunctions. 

2. Positions the gyroplane properly considering other aircraft, 

surface conditions, and wind conditions. 

3. Divides attention inside and outside the aircraft. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 68 

4. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and ensures that the 

gyroplane is in safe operating condition. 

5. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds and expected 

takeoff distance. 

6. Describes takeoff emergency procedures to include low 

speed/high speed blade flap situations. 

7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with 

traffic prior to taxiing into takeoff position. 

8. Utilizes proper rotor spin-up procedure. 
 69 FAA-S-8081-16B

III. Airport Operations 

Task A: Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals 

References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

communications and ATC light signals. 

2. Selects appropriate frequencies. 

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with 

instructions. 

Task B: Traffic Patterns 

References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 90-66; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; 

Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic 

patterns. Including, procedures at airports with and without 

operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, 

collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind 

shear. 

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic. 

4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain proper ground tract. 

5. Maintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet and appropriate 

airspeed, ±5 knots. 

Task C: Airport Markings and Lighting 

References: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport 

runway and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway 

incursion avoidance. 

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport runway and taxiway 

signs, markings, and lighting. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 70 

IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds 

Task A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 

NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s 

knowledge of the crosswind elements must be evaluated 

through oral testing; otherwise a crosswind takeoff and 

climb must be demonstrated. 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff 

procedures. 

2. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM. 

3. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position, and aligns 

the gyroplane with takeoff path. 

4. Advances the throttle as required. 

5. Maintains proper directional control during acceleration on 

the surface. 

6. Attains the proper lift-off attitude and airspeed. 

7. Accelerates to appropriate climb airspeed, ±5 knots. 

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, and 

then sets climb power. 

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the takeoff and climb. 

10. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

11. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

Task B: Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing 

NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s 

knowledge of the crosswind elements must be evaluated 

through oral testing; otherwise a crosswind approach and 

landing must be demonstrated. 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind approach and landing. 

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area. 
 71 FAA-S-8081-16B

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and 

obstructions. Selects a suitable touchdown point. 

4. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the 

recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, 

±5 knots. 

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application 

during the flare and touchdown. 

8. Touches down smoothly, beyond and within 50 feet (20 

meters) of a specified point with no appreciable drift, and 

with the longitudinal axis aligned with the intended landing 

path. 

9. Completes the prescribed checklist. 

Task C: Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field 

takeoff and climb. 

2. Determines and utilizes best takeoff procedure based on 

the capabilities of this gyroplane and current conditions. 

3. Positions the flight controls for existing wind conditions and 

to maximize lift as quickly as possible. 

4. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM. 

5. Clears the area, taxies onto the takeoff surface at a speed 

consistent with safety, without stopping, while advancing 

the throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

6. Maintains proper directional control. 

7. Lifts off and remains in ground effect while accelerating to 

recommended climb airspeed. 

8. Maintains recommended climb airspeed, ±5 knots. 

9. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, 

then sets climb power. 

10. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

11. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

12. Completes the prescribed checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 72 

Task D: Soft-Field Approach and Landing 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to soft-field 

approach and landing. 

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and 

obstacles, and selects the most suitable touchdown area. 

3. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the 

recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, 

±5 knots. 

4. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

5. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application 

during the flare and touchdown. 

7. Touches down smoothly, at a minimum descent rate and 

airspeed with no appreciable drift, and with the longitudinal 

axis aligned with the intended landing path. 

8. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

Task E: Short-Field Takeoff and Climb 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to short-field 

takeoff and maximum performance climb. 

2. Properly positions controls. 

3. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM. 

4. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position, and aligns 

the gyroplane for maximum utilization of available takeoff 

area. 

5. Advances the throttle as required. 

6. Climbs at manufacturer’ s recommended airspeed, or in its 

absence at V, ± 5 knots until the obstacle is cleared, or until 

the gyroplane is at least 50 feet above the surface. 

7. After clearing the obstacle, accelerates to appropriate 

airspeed, ±5 knots. 

8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, 

then sets climb power. 

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

throughout the takeoff and climb. 
 73 FAA-S-8081-16B

10. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

11. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

Task F: Short-Field Approach and Landing 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field 

approach and landing. 

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and 

obstacles. 

3. Selects a suitable touchdown point. 

4. Establishes and maintains a stabilized approach at the 

recommended airspeed, with gust correction factor applied, 

±5 knots. 

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake 

turbulence. 

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application 

during the flare and touchdown. 

8. Touches down smoothly, with little or no float beyond and 

within 50 feet of a specified point with no appreciable drift, 

and with the longitudinal axis aligned with the intended 

landing path. 

9. Applies brakes, as necessary, to stop in the shortest 

distance consistent with safety. 

10. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

Task G: Go-Around 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around 

and when it is necessary. 

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to 

landing. 

3. Applies appropriate power and establishes a climb at the 

appropriate airspeed, ±5 knots. 

4. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, 

then sets climb power. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 74 

5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if 

necessary. 

6. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 
 75 FAA-S-8081-16B

V. Performance Maneuver 

Task: Steep Turns 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns. 

2. Selects a safe altitude. 

3. Establishes the manufacturers recommended airspeed or if 

one is not stated, a safe airspeed not to exceed Va. 

4. Smoothly enters a coordinated steep 360° turn with a 40° 

bank, ±5°, immediately followed by at least a 360° turn in 

the opposite direction. 

5. Divides attention between gyroplane control and 

orientation. 

6. Maintains the entry altitude, ± 100 feet, airspeed, ± 10 

knots, bank, ± 5° and rolls out on the entry heading ± 10° . 
FAA-S-8081-16B 76 

VI. Navigation 

Task A: Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 

References: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84, Navigational Chart. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and 

dead reckoning. 

2. Correctly flies to at least the first planned checkpoint to 

demonstrate accuracy in computations. 

3. Identifies landmarks by relating the surface features to chart 

symbols. 

4. Navigates by means of precomputed headings, 

groundspeed, and elapsed time. 

5. Verifies the gyroplane’s position within 1 nautical mile of 

flight planned route at all times. 

6. Arrives at the en route checkpoints within 3 minutes of the 

initial or revised ETA and provides a destination estimate. 

7. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet and 

established heading, ±10°. 

Task B: Radio Navigation and Radar Services 

NOTE: If the gyroplane is not equipped with radio navigation aids, 

competency will be evaluated through oral testing. 

References: FAA-H-8083-6; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation 

Equipment Operation Manuals. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

navigation and ATC radar services. 

2. Demonstrates the ability to use an airborne electronic 

navigation system. 

3. Locates the gyroplane’s position using the navigation 

system. 

4. Intercepts and tracks a given course, radial, or bearing as 

appropriate. 

5. Recognizes and describes the indication of station or way 

point passage as appropriate. 

6. Recognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action. 

7. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing ATC 

radar services. 
 77 FAA-S-8081-16B

8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ± 100 feet and headings 

± 10°. 

Task C: Diversion 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to procedures 

for diversion. 

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport and route. 

3. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, 

arrival time, and fuel consumption to the alternate airport. 

4. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet and 

established heading, ±10°. 

Task D: Lost Procedures 

References: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; AIM. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost 

procedures. 

2. Selects an appropriate course of action. 

3. Maintains an appropriate heading, and climbs if necessary. 

4. Identifies prominent landmarks. 

5. Uses available navigation aids and/or contacts an 

appropriate facility for assistance, if gyroplane is radio 

equipped. 

6. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather 

and/or fuel exhaustion is impending. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 78 

VII. Flight at Slow Airspeeds 

Task A: Straight-and-Level, Turns, Climbs, and Descents 

at Slow Airspeeds 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight 

characteristics and controllability associated with 

maneuvering during slow flight. 

2. Selects a safe altitude. 

3. Establishes and maintains a specified airspeed, +5,-0, in 

straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents as 

directed. 

4. Maintains the specified altitude, ±50 feet. 

5. Maintains the specified heading during straight flight, ±5°. 

6. Maintains specified bank angle, ±5°, during turning flight. 

7. Rolls out on specified headings, ±5°. 

8. Divides attention between gyroplane control and orientation 

Task B: High Rate of Descent and Recovery 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aerodynamic 

factors associated with a high rate of descent and recovery 

and how this relates to actual approach and landing 

situations. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be 

completed no lower than 500 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes an airspeed that will induce a high rate of 

descent in high or low power settings. 

4. Recognizes the onset of a high rate of descent. 

5. Promptly recovers with or without power as directed. 

6. Maintains the specified heading, ±10°. 

7. Resumes normal cruising flight. 
 79 FAA-S-8081-16B

VIII. Emergency Operations 

NOTE: Task B may be tested orally at the discretion of the 

examiner, Tasks C through E are knowledge only items. 

Task A: Emergency Approach and Landing 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

approach and landing with a power failure. 

2. Establishes and maintains the appropriate airspeed, ±5 

knots. 

3. Selects a suitable landing area, considering the possibility 

of an actual forced landing. 

4. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing 

area, considering altitude, wind, terrain, obstacles, and 

other factors. 

5. Attempts to determine the reason for the simulated 

malfunction, if time permits. 

6. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

Task B: Lift-Off at Low Airspeed and High Angle Of Attack 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lift-off at low 

airspeed and high angle of attack, including combination of 

conditions, which are likely to lead to this situation. 

2. Properly positions the controls. 

3. Prerotates rotor blades to appropriate RPM, if applicable. 

4. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position and aligns 

the gyroplane with the takeoff path. 

5. Maintains proper directional control during acceleration on 

the surface. 

6. Rotates for takeoff prior to normal lift-off airspeed with high 

angle of attack. 

7. Detects the development of a low airspeed and high angle 

of attack, and initiates prompt corrective action. 

8. Accelerates to appropriate climb airspeed, ±5 knots. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 80 

Task C: Ground Resonance 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a fully 

articulated rotor system and the aerodynamics of ground 

resonance. 

2. Understands the conditions that contribute to ground 

resonance. 

3. Explains preventive flight techniques used during takeoffs 

and landings. 

Task D: Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 

References: Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, 

indications, and pilot actions for various systems and 

equipment malfunctions. 

2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the 

gyroplane used for the practical test, in at least four (4) of 

the following areas— 

a. engine/oil and fuel. 

b. hydraulic, if applicable. 

c. electrical. 

d. carburetor or induction icing. 

e. smoke and/or fire. 

f. flight control/trim. 

g. pitot static/vacuum and associated flight instruments, if 

applicable. 

h. rotor and/or propeller. 

i. any other emergency unique to the gyroplane flown. 

Task E: Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

References: FAA-H-8083-21; Gyroplane Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

equipment appropriate to the gyroplane used for the 

practical test. 
 81 FAA-S-8081-16B

2. Identifies appropriate equipment that should be aboard the 

gyroplane. 
FAA-S-8081-16B 82 

IX. Postflight Procedures 

Task: After Landing, Parking and Securing 

References: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Gyroplane 

Flight Manual. 

Objective: To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing, 

parking, and securing procedures. 

2. Maintains directional control after touchdown while 

decelerating to an appropriate speed. 

3. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control 

markings and lighting. 

4. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of 

nearby persons and property. 

5. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 

6. Completes the appropriate checklist. 

7. Conducts an appropriate post flight inspection and secures 

the aircraft. 
Appendix: 

Task vs. Simulation Device Credit 
(this page intentionally left blank) 
Appendix 85 

Task vs. Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD) Credit 

FAA aviation safety inspectors and all other FAA approved examiners conducting the Commercial HelicopteTraining Devices (FSTD) should consult appropriate documentation to ensure that the device has been approv

assigned the appropriate qualification level in accordance with the requirements of 14 CFR Part 60. This Append

capabilities for FSTDs. FSTDs may only be used in accordance with air carrier training programs or approved courses conducted by a tr

The FAA must approve each device for training and/or evaluating specific flight Task listed in this Appendix, an

the level of student or applicant performance required by the practical test standards. The helicopter may be used for all Tasks. A helicopter and/or higher level FSTD is required for those items thalower level FSTD. Level C and D simulators may be used as indicated only if the applicant meets regulatory pre

A helicopter FSTD standards have not been defined. NOTE: Users of the following charts are cautioned that the use of the chart alone is incomplete. The descrip

in the body of the PTS, including all Notes, must also be incorporated for accurate FSTD use. 

Use of Chart 

X Creditable. X1 Creditable only if accomplished in conjunction with a running takeoff or run

an aircraft equipped with wheeled landing gear. 

X2 Creditable only if Class 2 Airport Models are used. A Creditable only if appropriate systems are installed and operating. 

NOTES: 

1. Checking in the hover task requires six degree of freedom motion cues. 2. Any takeoff from a hover requires six degree of motion cues. Running takeoffs may be authorized 

degree of freedom motion cues. 

3. Authorized only for in-flight failures not terminating in a landing (level 6 and 7). 

4. Evaluation of normal and abnormal procedures can usually be accomplished in conjunction with o

a specific event to test the applicant’s use of the aircraft systems and devices. An applicant’s pethe maintenance of helicopter control, the ability to recognize and analyze abnormal indicatioprocedures in a timely manner. 

5. Authorized only for Approaches and Missed Approaches not terminated in landing (level 6 and 7). 
Appendix 86 

(this page intentionally left blank) 
Appendix 87 

Flight Task Flight Simulation Training DevAreas of Operation: 4 5 6 7 A II. Preflight Procedures  A. Preflight Inspection (Cockpit Only) A A X X - X  B. Cockpit Management A A X X - X  C. Powerplant Start and Rotor Engagement (if applicable) A A X X - X  D. Runway Incursion Avoidance A A X X - X  E. Before Takeoff Check A A X X - X III. Airport and Heliport Operations  A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals - - - X - X 

 B. Traffic Patterns - - A X - X 

 C. Airport/Heliport Runway, Helipad, and Taxiway Signs, 

Markings, and Lighting - - A X2 - X

IV. Hovering Maneuvers (1)  A. Vertical Takeoff and Landing - - - - - X B. Slope Operations - - - - - X C. Surface Taxi - - - - - X  D. Hover Taxi - - - A - X  E. Air Taxi - - - A - X 
Appendix 88 

Flight Task Flight Simulation Training DevAreas of Operation: 4 5 6 7 A V. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds  A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb - - - - - X B. Normal and Crosswind Approach - - - - - X C. Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb - - - - - X D. Steep Approach (5) - - - - - X E. Rolling Takeoff - - - - - X F. Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing - - - - - X G. Go-Around - - - X - X 

VI. Performance Maneuvers (1)  A. Rapid Deceleration - - - - -  B. Straight In Autorotation  C. 180° Autorotation - - - - - 

 D. Approach and Landing with Simulated Powerplant Failure 

– Multiengine Helicopter - - - - - 

VII. Navigation  A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning A A A A - A  B. Radio Navigation and Radar Services  C. Diversion A A A A - X  D. Lost Procedures A A A A - A 
Appendix 89 

Flight Task Flight Simulation Training DevAreas of Operation: 4 5 6 7 A 

VIII. Emergency Operations (4)  A. Power Failure at a Hover (3) - - - - - X  B. Power Failure at an Altitude (3) - - X X - X  C. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (3) A A X X - X  D. Settling-With-Power - - - - -  E. Low Rotor RPM Recovery (3) - - A X - X  F. Dynamic Rollover - - - - -  G. Ground Resonance - - - - -  H. Low G Conditions - - - - -  I. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear(Oral Only) - - - - - IX. Special Operations  A. Confined Area Operations - - - - -  B. Pinnacle/Platform Operations - - - - - X. Postflight Procedures A. After Landing and Securing A A X X - X