p. 1


### OAR Box 1147 Prepped by Ollie Stewart

Document

Number: 

### 180)IV-E-5 3 Docket Number: 

### A-87-1 1

Printed 4/22/20082:42:57

PM Sheet 180of 242P. 2

^*°> , 

# Km; UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y AN N ARBOR . MICHIGA N 4810 5
OFFIC E O F AI R AN D RADIATIO N JU N I 6 198

8
MEMORANDU

M SUBJECT :
FROM : TO : THRU : Onboar d Hardwar e Presentatio n

Allie d Weigh t Engineer s t o the Societ yo f
Joh n J . Gabrysiak , Chemica l Enginee r Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Br a Publi c Docke t A-87-1 1 Joh n F . Anderson , Senio r Projec t Manage r Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branc h O n TuesdayMa

y24 , 1988 , I presente d EPA' s ne w onboar d refueling contro l hardwar e t o th e Societ yo f Allie d Weigh t Engineer s a t thei r Internationa l Symposiu m i n Plymouth , MI . Th e hardwar e wa s presente d a t th e Surfac e Transportatio n Government/IndustrySession . Acop yo f the briefin g material s use d i s attached . A s par t o f m

ypresentatio n I note d tha t the systemi s likel yt o ad

d no mor e than abou t on e poun d o f weigh t t o the vehicle . I n subsequen t discussions , ther e wa s genera l agreemen t tha t a

n increas e in weigh t thi s smal l woul d no t caus e incrementa l change s in othe r vehicl e system s or components . Attachmen t 6115 WP. 3

; ' T " " • • »

Onboar dRefuelin g Contro l

JohnJ . Gabrysia k U.S , EP A Ma y 24 , 198 8P. 4 Descriptio no f th e Proble

m Automotiv e refueling emissions : Vapo r displacemen t fro

m vehicl e tan k(90S )

- Spillag e (51 ) Vapo r displacemen t fro

m undergroundtan kven t (5% ) Uncontrolle demissio nlevel s ar e - 6, 5 g/gallo no f dispense dfue l Thi s i s equivalen t t o abou t 0,2 5 g/mil e Represent s - l \ o f tota l VO C emissio ninventory (450,00 0 tons/year ) Tw o reason s for concer nwit hvehicl e refuelin g emissions : 1 ) Ozon e precursor s 2 ) Health s effect s o f emission sP. 5
Th e Ozon e Problem Ozone " ai r qualit y

continue s t o b e a substantia l problem i n many part s o f th e country , 5 8 metropolita narea s exceede dth e Nationa l Ambien t Ai r Qualit y

Standar ddurin g 1985-198 7 an

dthu s di d no t mee t th e Decembe r 198 7 deadline ,
Substantia l deterioratio ni nai r qualit y projecte db y

lat e 1990s , Reductions i nVO C emission s ar e neede dt o contro l ozon e an dreac hattainmen t wit hth e standard , VO C reduction s als o ar e valuabl e i nattainmen t areas , Refuelin g control s wil l provid e cos t effectiv e VO C reductions , Essentiall y al l reasonabl e contro l strategies wil l b e needed ,P. 6

Direc t Healt hEffect s o f Refuelin g Vapor s Gasolin e vapor s appea r t o b e carcinogenic : AP I Anima l Studie s foundlive r an dkidne y cance r tumor s cause db y

gasolin e vapors , Epidemiologica l studie s weakl y

suggestiv e o f huma n cance r cause dby

gasolin e vapors , Uncertaint y concernin g whic hcomponent s o f th e gasolin e vapor s ar e responsible , Gasolin e vapor s classifie da s a probabl e huma n carcinogen , Benzen e a know

ncarcinogen : Benzen e liste dby

EP A a s a "hazardou s ai r pollutant " unde r Sectio n11 2 o f th e Clea nAi r Ac t i n1977 , Increase dincidenc e o f leukemi a foundamong worker s expose dt o benzene , Anima l studie s als o sho

w benzen e t o b e carcinogenic ,P. 7
Descriptio no f Technologie s Stag e I I Control s Onboar dControl sFIGUR E 2 STAG E I I VAPO R RECOVER Y BALANC E SYSTE M

METE R

GASOLIN E FIL L LIN E

PUM P
GASOLIN E STORAG E TAN K

;T 3FIGUR E 3 ONBOAR D VAPO R CONTRO L SYSTE M

FUE L FIL L NOZZL E 

# ^ v J-TRA P LIQUI D SEA L CARBURETOR (Sjjjt^^ ,

VEHICL E FUE L TAN K DESIGNE D SLO W LEA K ^TyvJNGINE ^

GASOLIN E VAPO R PURG E CONTRO L CARBO N CANISTE R

r oP.1 0 Analysi s o f Technologie s

• In-Us e Effectivenes s • Cos t Effectivenes s • Othe r Aspect sP.1 1

In-Us e Effectivenes s Syste m Contro l Efficienc y Staq e I I Onboar d Theoretical * 95 1 98 1 (whic hthe y ar e abl e t o control ) In-Us e 62-861* * 93 1 (including tamperin g an dmaintenance ) Actua l Contro l Achieve d47-66 % 86 1 (including exemptions )

* Stag e I I control s Displacemen t an dBreathin g Losse s Onboar dcontrol s Displacemen t Losse s * * Stag e I I rang e i s a resul t o f th e implementatio nperio d ( 3 or 7 years ) andmaintenanc eFIGUR E 4

O Z

O L 2 u
o z 13 U l D U . u K I k O z o o D Q U PERCEN T VO C EMISSIO N REDUCTIO N FO R S I NONATTAMMEN T AREA S
90 S

70 1 60 S 5 0 * - 4 0 * -

2 0 * 10 * - o x I ' t ' I Stag * I I (Ann . Enf. . Lo wDM. )

Stag * I I (Min . Enf. . Hto h DH. )

19B 5 199 0 I ' I ' I ' I ' I » I ' I ' I » I •I •I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' 199 5 200 0 200 5 201 0 BECJNNIN O O f YEA R \ M t oP.1 3

Strategy Stag e I I Onboar d Cos t Effectivenes s

Nationwid e Program Annua l VO C Reductio n (100 0 Mq/Y r 190-27 0 29 0 Annualize d

Cos t ($HM/Yr ) 190-22 0 20 0 Cos t Effectivenes s (t/«q ) 860-112 0 85 0

Strategy Stag e I I N A Onboar d Non-Attainmen t Program

Annua l VO C Annualize d Reductio n (100 0 Mq/Y r 66-10 0
11 0 Cos t

UM/ft ) 58-9 2 (195-295) * 18 0 Cos t Effectivenes s ($/Hg ) 850-110 0 (2700-3600) * 220 0 Include s approximatel y

\. rpe r refueling even t inconvenienc e cos tP.1 4 Othe r Aspect s o f Compariso n Consume r Reactio n ONBOARD : Consume r shoul dse e n o differenc e i nth e refuelin g operation , STAG E II : Th e vapo r recover y

nozzle s ar e large r an

d mor e difficul t to - operate , Problem s i nfillin g non-vehicl e relate dtanks , Distributio no f Cost s ONBOARD : Th e vehicl e purchase r wil l bea r th e onboar dcos t o f abou t $1 9 pe r vehicle , STAG E II : Th e servic e statio nowne r wil l bea r th e averag e vapo r recover y

syste m cos t o f abou t $11,500 , Many

smal l businesses , Maintenance/Enforcemen t Onboard : Onboar dcontrol s shoul db e "maintenance-free " an

dno t dependen t o nenforcement , Stag e II : Th e efficienc y

o f Stag e I I control s i s dependen t o nroutin e maintenanc e an denforcement ,P.1 5

Othe r Aspect s (continued ) Safet y Onboard : Some concer ntha t addin g anonboar dsystem coul dcreat e or enhanc e safet y hazard s of ' moto r vehicles , Stag e II : Safet y

no t evaluated , EP A studying onboar dsafet y

issues ; safet y

doe s no t hav e t o b e compromised ,P.1 6
Overview EP A publishe da stud

y o f th e feasibilit y

o f onboar dfor commen t o nAugus t 8 , 1984 , EP A formall y propose dth e adoptio no f onboar drefueling control s i nAugus t 198 7

r Some comment s sinc e th e proposa l hav e contende dtha t onboar dwil l addcomplexity ; therefor e i t i s inherentl y les s saf e EPA' s anticipate ddesign s wer e fairl y simpl e (Figur e 1 ) Manufacturers ' propose donboar ddesign s appea r t o b e muc h mor e comple x(se e Figure s 2 and3 ) EP A ha s undertake nth e developmen t o f a simpl e onboar d contro l syste m t o addres s th e "adde dcomplexity " issu e Thi s briefin g describe s th e developmen t o f th e ne w hardwar ePRESSUR

E / VACUU M RELIE F CA P FIGUR E 1

Integrate d Evaporative/Refuelin g System J - Tub e Sea

l

NOZZL E ACTUATE D ROLLOVER/VEN T VALV E 5/8 " DIA .

.05 " DIA . LIMITING ORIFIC E
^J-TUB E SEA L \ DESIGNE

D SLO W LEA K

1 4 GALLON FUEL TAN K PURG E VALVE

T O PURG

E INDUCTIO

N POINT 3 LITE R CARBO N CANISTE RFIGUR E 2

ENGIN E

VACUU M CONTRO L SOLENOI D

AEFUEUN Q VAPO R ;ARBO N CANISTE R 3 / U IN . I.D . VAPO R UN E NOZZLE-ACTUATE D VEN T VALV

E FUE L TAN K

CONDENSAT E CHEC KVALV E AN D

LIQUI D SHUT-OF F VALV E
LIQUID/VAPO R METERIN G TE E

LIQUI D TRA P VAPOR/LIQUI D 8EPARATO R
3/ 4 IM . LO . VAPO

RUN E
VACUU M PURG E VALV E S S •Mlai U m*mm» REFUEUN Q VAPO R RECOVER Y 8V8TE M

CHEVROLE T CAPRIC E miff * |MQCi*m . m e mauvcMm. n o ^^^ ^ M

W i n >I|WM H none. ISHETt H Y-amtaat.P.1 9

FIGUR E 3 EVAPORATIVE/REFUELIN G VAPO R RECOVER

Y SYSTE M
MANIFOL D PRESSUR E VEHICL E SPEE D COOLAN T TEMPERATUR E 

### ©

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. ;C E

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' 9 VACUU M SOLENCI O - ON;CF ? CCNTPC..E O

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- '.;QuiOCAPflyCvEP' 3 PSV=NT;C NP.2 0 Developmen t o f Simplifie dSystem Mai ngoa l wa s t o resolv e complexit y issu e Als o desire dt o handl e othe r specifi c hardwar e issue s raise * i nth e pas t Establishe dth e following desig nconstraint s Simplicit y o f design , consisten t wit hnecessary function ; component s base dupo ncurren t productio nhardwar e Bega nwit htypica l curren t fue l tan kcomponent s (Figur e t) Desig nfeature s (Figur e 5 ) Fillnec ksea l - n o modificatio nt o curren t systo require d Vapo r contro l valv e - modifie dstoc krollove r valv e Moderatel y increas e orific e siz e Vapo r line s Eliminat e curren t refuelin g ven t lin e Shorte neva pven t lin e Carbo ncaniste r

- • Mov e t o rea r o f vehicl e Enlarg e fro m I L t o 2.5 L Overall , system

i s simplificatio no f curren t design s (Figur eFIGUR E 4 Typica l Curren tEvaporativ

e System

PRESSUR

E / VACUU M RELIE F CA P EXTERNAL VEN T LIN E 

# X FLOAT/ROLLOVER VALVE 

## V ANTI - SPITBAC K VALV E FUEL TAN K 3/8 " DIA . 8 ' LONG # PURG E VALV E

1 LITE R CARBON CANISTE

R T O PURG E INDUCTIO

N POINT

T l h oFIGUR E 5 Onboar dModification s

REMOV E SHORTE N

VAPO R UN E 

# r
MODIF Y

ENLARG E CARBON CANISTE

R

• a • oPRESSURE/VACUU M

RELIE F CAP NO EXTERNA

L VENT LIN

E FIGUR E 6 Onboar d Plu s Evaporative Syste m

SHORTE R VAPORUN E 

### V 

# v \ MODIFIE

D FLOAT/ROLLOVER VALV E 

## V ANTI - SPITBAC K VALV E # = PURG E VALVE

T O PURG

E INDUCTIO

N POINT ENLARGE

D CARBO N CANISTE

R FUEL TAN K

T J Ir o Ic oReview o f Displa y Hardwar e Firs t generatio nEP A

system Example s o f curren t fue l tankcomponent s Ne w onboar dsyste

m•

0

0

Tes i System

Performanc e System ha s consistentl y

me t substantia l margi no f safet y Spitbac kappear s

c Emission s Numbe r (q/qal ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3

* .0 2 .0 1 .0 3 .0 5 .0 6 .0 6 .0 4 .0 5 ,0 8 ,0 4 .0 4 ,0 1 ,0 2 Al l test s wer e Tes t Fue l propose d

t o b e full y controlle d Tes t Dat a Result s
Spitbac k N o N o N o No N o No N o No N o N o N o N o Caniste r Weigh t gai n(g ) 7 7 7 3

-

-

-

- 7 7 7 9 7 3 8 5 8 7 8 5 N o 8 6 conducte dusin g nomina l 1 " " " '

standar dwit h

Comments * 1 0 gp m 1 0 gp m 1 0 gp m 5 gp m 5 gp m 5 gp m 5 gp m 5 gp m 1 0 gp m 1 0 gp m 5 gp m 4 gp m 3 gp m 9. 0 RVP Federa l

### Weigh t Chang e Du e t o Onboar d Stoc kEva pOnboar d Fillpip e 128 5 g107 5 Vapo r Valv e ~ 5 0 

### Bal l Valv e - 3 4 

### Caniste r 59 6 102 2 Vapo r Line s 120 0 130 0 Tank(2 3 lb ) 1030 4 I M

1338 5 g1378 5 g i = 40 0 g~ . 9 l b I f vapo r valv e an

dbal l valv e ar e exclude da s bein gspecifi c t o th e onboar dsystem , A

= 31 6 g~ , 7 l b Mos t o f additiona l weigh t i s a resul t o f a large r caniste r +42 6 g ,Conclusion s

Onboar dcontro l ca nb e implemente dwit hsimpl e modification s t o curren t fue l tank s Onboar dca nreduc e overal l system

complexit y System wil l no t degrad e safety , likel y

t o improve safet y