STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS 

Mineral Resources of the 

Rock River Canyon 

Wilderness Study Area, 

Alger County, Michigan 

By]ESSE W. WHITLOW and PHILIP J. GERACI, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 

and PETER C. MORY, U.S. BUREAU OF MINES 

With a section on 

GEOPHYSICAL-DATA INTERPRETATION 

By ELIZABETH R. KING, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1549 

An evaluation of the mineral 

potential of the area 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1983 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

JAMES G. WATT, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Whitlow, Jesse W. 

Mineral resources of the Rock River Canyon wilderness 

study area, Alger County, Michigan. 

(Geological Survey bulletin; 1549) 

Bibliography: p. 

Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1549 

1. Mines and mineral resources-Michigan-Rock River Canyon Wilderness. 2. Rock River Canyon Wilderness (Mich.) !.Geraci, Philip J. 

II. Mory, Peter C. III. King, Elizabeth R. IV. Title. V. Series. 

QE75.B9 no. 1549 5573s [553'.09774'932] 83-600068 [TN24.M5] 

For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, 

604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 
STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS 

In accordance with the provisions of the Wilderness Act 

(Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and the Joint Conference Report on Senate Bill 4, 88th Congress, and as specifically 

designated by PL 93-622, January 3, 1975, the U.S. Geological 

Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines have been conducting 

mineral surveys of wilderness and primitive areas. Studies and 

reports of all primitive areas have been completed. Areas officially designated as "wilderness," "wild," or "canoe" when 

the Act was passed were incorporated into the National 

Wilderness Preservation System, and some of them are 

presently being studied. The Act provided that areas under 

consideration for wifderness designation should be studied for 

suitability for incorporation into the Wilderness System. The 

mineral surveys constitute one aspect of the suitability 

studies. This report discusses the results of a mineral survey of 

some national forest land in the Rock River Canyon study area, 

Michigan, that is being considered for wilderness designation 

(PL 93-622, January 3, 1975). The area studied is in the 

Hiawatha National Forest in Alger County in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Sununary --------------------------------------------------------- 1 

Inttoduction ------------------------------------------------------- 1 

Location and access ------------------------------------------------ 2 

Climate and vegetation --------------------------------------------- 2 

Present study ---------------------------------------------------- 3 

Previous studies -------------------------------------------------- 3 

l\cknowledgr.nents -------------------------------------------------- 3 

Geomorphology ---------------------------------------------------- 3 

Geology ----------------------------------------------------------- 4 

Jacobsville Sandstone---------------------------------------------- 4 

Munising Formation ----------------------------------------------- 5 

Unnamed conglomerate member ------------------------------------ 5 

Chapel Rock Member --------------------------------------------- 5 

Miners Castle Member-------------------------------------------- 6 

l\u Train Formation ----------------------------------------------- 8 

Pleistocene deposits ----------------------------------------------- 10 

Structure -------------------------------------------------------- 10 

Geochemicru survey ------------------------------------------------- 10 

Geophysicru-data interpretation, by Elizabeth R. King ---------------------- 34 

Ownership of surface and minerru rights --------------------------------- 37 

Surface-rights ownership -------------------------------------------- 37 

Minerru-rights ownership ------------------------------------------- 38 

Minerru resources --------------------------------------------------- 39 

Economic appraisru -------------------------------------------------- 40 

References cited ---------------------------------------'------------- 42 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

Page 

FIGURE 1. Index map showing location of Rock River Canyon Wilderness 

Study l\rea -------------------------------------------- 2 

2. Geologic map of the Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study l\rea ---- 6 

3. Photograph showing Jacobsville Sandstone at Rock River Falls ----- 8 

4. Photograph showing Miners Castle Member of the Munising Formation ruong Silver Creek ----------------------------------- 9 

v 
VI CONTENTS 

Page 

5. Map showing sample sites in the Rock River Canyon Wilderness 

Study Area and vicinity, Alger County, Michigan -------------- 11 

6. Aeromagnetic map of part of Michigan, which includes the Rock 

River Canyon Wilderness Study Area------------------------ 34 

7. Aeromagnetic map of part of Michigan, which includes the Rock 

River Canyon Wilderness Study Area------------------------ 35 

8. Portion of the Bouguer gravity map of the northern Michigan-Lake 

Superior area ------------------------------------------- 36 

9. Map showing Federal surface-rights ownership, Rock River Canyon 

Wilderness Study Area ----------------------------------- 38 

10. Map showing Federal mineral-rights ownership, Rock River Canyon 

Wilderness Study Area ----------------------------------- 39 

11. Map showing locati~ns of mining operations near the Rock River 

Canyon Wilderness Study Area, as of August 1975 ------------- 41 

TABLES 

Page 

TABLE 1. Analyses of rock, soil, forest litter (mor), and stream sediment 

samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon 

and vicinity, Alger County, Michigan------------------------ 12 

2. Range and median values for 35 elements in rock samples from 

Rock River Canyon and vicinity, Alger County, Michigan -------- 29 

3. Range and median values for 36 elements in soil samples from Rock 

River Canyon and vicinity, Alger County, Michigan -----.,------- 30 

4. Range and median values for 36 elements in forest litter samples 

from Rock River Canyon and vicinity, Alger County, Michigan---- 31 

5. Analyses of rock samples collected by P. C. Mory from the Rock 

River Canyon Wilderness Study Area, Alger County, Michigan--- 32 

6. Partial chemical analyses of four samples collected by P. C. Mory 

from the Munising Formation (Miners Castle Member) from the 

Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area------------------- 34 

7. Mineral-rights ownership, Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study 

Area, as of August 1975 ---------------------------------- 40 
STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS 

MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE 

ROCK RIVER CANYON WILDERNESS 

STUDY AREA, ALGER COUNTY, MICHIGAN 

By jESSEW.WHITLOWandPHILIP ].GERACI, U.S. Geological Survey, 

and PETER C. MORY, U.S. Bureau of Mines 

SUMMARY 

A mineral-resource evaluation of the Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area, 

Alger County, Mich., was completed in 1975 by personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey 

and the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The area consists of approximately 22 km2 in the 

Hiawatha National Forest. 

Rocks exposed in the area include sandstone, shaly sandstone, dolomitic sandstone, 

sandy dolomite, and a minor amount of conglomerate; these rocks range in age from 

Proterozoic Y to early Middle Ordovician. A minor amount of unconsolidated glaciertransported debris was deposited during Pleistocene time. 

No deposits of either metallic or nonmetallic minerals were found. Although resources 

of stone, sand, and gravel exist in the study area, they are considered to have small 

economic potential; similar materials are readily available and easily accessible in the 

surrounding region. 

INTRODUCTION 

The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines completed 

geologic, mineral, and geochemical surveys of the Rock River Canyon 

Wilderness Study Area (fig. 1 ). This bulletin summarizes the results of 

the surveys and gives an evaluation of the economic potential of the 

minerals in the area. 

1 
2 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

8J015' 

LAKE SUPERIOR 

~0 MICHIGAN u 

Location of study area 

SCALE 

10 20 30 KILOMETERS 

1 em equals approximately 8.6 kilometers 

FIGURE 1.-Location of Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area 

LOCATION AND ACCESS 

The study area consists of approximately 22 km2 in the Hiawatha 

National Forest, Alger County, Mich., 19 km west of Munising (fig. 1). 

Sees. 6, 7, 8 and 16 and parts of sees. 4, 5, 9, 10, 15, 17, and 18, T. 46 N., 

R. 21 W., and parts of sees. 31 and 32, T. 4 7 N., R. 21 W., are within the 

study area The area can be reached by traveling south from Michigan 

State Route 28 or north from Michigan State Route 94 along U.S. 

Forest Service Road 2279 (fig. 1). Foot trails and logging roads furnish 

access to the interior of the area 

CLIMATE AND VEGETATION 

The cool temperate climate of the study area is reflected in the vegetation. All the native plants can withstand moderately cold weather 

and a short growing season, but agriculture is restricted to growing 

forage crops for livestock. 
INTRODUCTION 3 

Forest composed of second growth maple, aspen, birch, fir, white 

pine, hemlock, white cedar, hornbeam, linden, and tulip poplar covers 

most of the study area; a few open fields are along the south and east 

sides. 

PRESENT STUDY 

J. W. Whitlow and P. J. Geraci did reconnaissance geologic mapping 

and collected geochemical samples. E. R. King made the geophysical 

interpretation from magnetic and gravity surveys that included the 

study area P. C. Mory contacted representatives from industry and 

Federal and State agencies for information concerning the mineral 

potential of the area and searched records in the Alger County Courthouse and U.S. Forest Service files to determine ownership of surface 

and mineral rights and to find records of past prospecting and mining 

activities in the area He also collected samples for analyses to aid this 

study. 

PREVIOUS STUDIES 

Studies of stratigraphy, structural geology, water resources, Pleistocene glaciation, geophysics, and mineral potential in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan that include the Rock River Wilderness Study Area 

are by Leverett, 1928; Bergquist, 1930 and 1937; Hamblin, 1958; 

V anlier, 1963; Case and Gair, 1965; Gludenzopf, in Michigan Basin 

Geological Society, 1967, p. 58-64; Ostrom and Slaughter, in Michigan 

Basin Geological Society, 1967, p. 1-5; and Zietz and Kirby, 1971. 

However, no detailed geologic work has been done in the study area 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

Personnel of the Geological Survey Division, Michigan Department 

of Natural Resources, Lansing, Mich., provided geologic information 

on the region. U.S. Forest Service personnel provided trail maps, access information, and records of surface- and mineral-rights ownership. 

U.S. Bureau of Land Management personnel examined land-status 

records. Representatives from Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, 

Ishpeming, Mich., gave their opinions of the area's mineral potential. 

Local residents gave permission to cross and work on private property 

in and around the study area 

GEOMORPHOLOGY 

The Rock River Canyon area is near the west side of the lake section 

of the central lowlands physiographic province of Lobeck (1957) and is 
4 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

in the eastern lowlands of Hamblin (1958, p. 12). Glaciers that crossed 

the study area during the Pleistocene Epoch were responsible for the 

general form of the topography, but present relief and drainage are the 

result of later erosion. Relief in the area ranges from 207 m above sea 

level in NWY4 sec. 15, T. 46 N., R. 21 W., at the Rock River exit from 

the study area to 317 m above sea level on a high mound of bedrock 

and glacial debris in NW~ sec. 5, T. 46 N., R. 21 W. Most of the upland 

has relatively low relief and gentle slopes. The small hills in sec. 5, T. 

46 N., R. 21 W., range from bedrock with a thin cover of glacial debris 

to mounds of glacial debris. 

The study area is in the late youth stage of the erosional cycle, as 

shown by the steep-walled narrow valleys, relatively level interfluves, 

and minor meanderings of the Rock River in its valley. Silver Creek is 

in the youthful stage of the erosional cycle for its length in the study 

area Drainage in the surrounding area was disrupted by glaciation 

and has not been reestablished. Most of the upland topography is essentially as it was when the last glacier-melted away. 

GEOLOGY 

The Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area is near the northwest edge of the Michigan basin (Martin, 1936; Vanlier, 1963; Kelley, 

1968). Jacobsville Sandstone, Munising Formation, Au Train Formation (fig. 2), and minor unconsolidated glacial deposits form the exposures in the study area The indurated rocks range from Proterozoic 

Y to early Middle Ordovician in age and consist of relatively soft 

friable sandstone that is locally silty and clayey, hard dolomitic sandstone, sandy dolomite, and minor conglomerate. Unconsolidated 

Pleistocene glacial debris overlies bedrock in most of the study area 

JACOBSVILLE SANDSTONE 

The Jacobsville Sandstone, named by Lane and Seaman (1907, 

p. 691), is the oldest formation exposed in the area Thwaites (1943, 

p. 501) considered its age to be likely Keweenawan. White, Cornwall, 

and Swanson (1953) considered it late Keweenawan or Early Cambrian. The Michigan Geological Survey (1964) lists it as Early and 

Middle Cambrian. 

The Jacobsville is predominately a maroon sandstone, but some sections contain interlayered reddish and greenish beds. Less than 15 m of 

the upper part of the formation form the bedrock along 4 km of Rock 

River from the west edge of the study area to near Ginpole Lake (fig. 

2). The best exposure is a 6-m section at Rock River Falls in SEY4 sec. 

6, T. 46 N., R. 21 W. (fig. 3). Other erosional pavement type exposures 

are along the northeast side of the river. 

The contact of the Jacobsville Sandstone with the Munising Formation is not exposed in the study area Exposures on the east side of 
GEOLOGY 5 

Grand Island 29 km N. 65° E. of Rock River Falls show that the 

Jacobsville Sandstone is overlain unconformably by the Munising Formation; the contact is probably an unconformity in the study area 

MUNISING FORMATION 

A series of conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, and sandstone is 

poorly exposed above the Jacobsville Sandstone in the study area 

These rocks are the Munising Formation, which was named the Munising Sandstone by Lane and Seaman (1907, p. 692) for exposures near 

Munising, Mich., 25 km east of Rock River Falls. Hamblin (1958, p. 71) 

described three distinct members of the formation: a basal unnamed 

conglomerate member, a middle Chapel Rock Member, and an upper 

Miners Castle Member. 

UNNAMED CONGLOMERATE MEMBER 

According to Hamblin (1958, p. 73-76), the unnamed conglomerate 

member of the Munising Formation ranges in thickness from 0.6 to 

4.5 m and is composed of well-rounded pebbles, cobbles, and boulders 

of vein quartz, quartzite, and chert. A stream-bank exposure of conglomerate 2.2 m high near the middle of SY2 NY2 SEV4 sec. 8, T. 46 N., 

R. 21 W., contains diabase, aphanitic volcanic rock, and rhyolite 

fragments but otherwise resembles Hamblin's description. At all other 

places in the study area, the basal part of the Munising Formation is 

covered by colluvial debris. The relation of the unnamed conglomerate 

member to the overlying Chapel Rock Member cannot be determined 

in the study area Exposures on the east side of Grand Island 30 km N. 

70° E. of Rock River Falls show the unnamed conglomerate member 

conformably overlain by the Chapel Rock Member; probably the two 

members are conformable in the study area 

CHAPEL ROCK MEMBER 

Hamblin (1958, p. 71) named the Chapel Rock Member of the Munising Formation for exposures at Chapel Rock on the south shore of 

Lake Superior east of Munising, Mich. The member is very light gray 

to yellowish light gray, moderately well sorted quartz sandstone containing well-rounded sand grains. It ranges in thickness from 12 to 

18m in most of Alger County. In the study area, the only good exposure of the Chapel Rock is in a channel, 1.5 m deep, cut by the Rock 

River east of Ginpole Lake. A bed of sandstone 1 m thick in the channel bank contains quartz pebbles. Elsewhere in the study area, the formation is so poorly exposed that nothing is known of bedding, minor 

structures, or the contact with the overlying member. Along the south 

shore of Lake Superior east of Munising, however, the Chapel Rock 

Member appears to be overlain conformably by the Miners Castle 

Member. 
6 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

T. 46 N. 

2 MILES 

I 

FIGURE 2.-Geology of the Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area 

MINERS CASTLE MEMBER 

Hamblin (1958, p. 71-95) gave the name Miners Castle Member to 

the upper approximately 43 m of the Munising Formation exposed at 

Miner's Castle on the south shore of Lake Superior east of Munising. 

The lower part of the member is a very light gray to yellowish-gray, 

poorly sorted sandstone that contains bluish to greenish light-gray 

silty to clayey lenses and partings and locally quartz-pebble conglomeratic lenses as much as 1.5 m thick. The silty to clayey lenses and 

partings are abundant in the lower part of the member and decrease in 
c CD.~ 

- () 

"0 ·- "0 > ·- 0 ~"0 '"-

0 

GEOLOGY 

EXPLANATION 

Au Train Formation-Dolomitic sandstone to 

sandy dolomite and quartzose sandstone; 

lower beds glauconitic 

Unconformity 

Munising Formation-Mostly sandstone; includes silty and clayey sandstone and conglomerate 

Unconformity 

I\ -£P:#j\\J Jacobsville Sandstone-Reddish to red fineto medium-grained sandstone, some beds 

and lenses of lightly gray to yellowish 

light gray sandstone in the upper part 

----- Contact. All are approximate 

VERTICAL INCLINE 

......-- ~ Joint, showing strike and dip 

\ \. ____ Boundary of Rock River Canyon Wilderness 

FIGURE 2.-Continued. 

z 

< 

u 

> 0 

0 

a: 

0 

z 

~ 

a: 

al 

~ 

<( 

u 

7 

number upwards. They commonly fonn wet mucky slopes that are 

densely overgrown. 

The upper 15 m of the Miners Castle Member is a relatively clean 

sandstone. Most of the sand grains are rounded and have a high degree 

of sphericity. The rock ranges from a relatively soft friable sandstone 

containing little cement to a relatively hard rock that has a silica and, 

locally, dolomite cement. Caves and reentrants (fig. 4) are formed in the 

soft beds because of their poor resistance to erosion; the hard beds 

fonn ledges. Locally, beds up to 30 em thick contain considerable iron 

stain from the breakdown of iron sulfides in the rock; however, most of 

the section is relatively free of iron stain. The upper part of this 

member fonns the nearly vertical outcrops at and near the top of the 

valley walls of Rock River and Silver Creek. 

A bed of relatively soft sandstone above most of the silty and clayey 

lenses and partings contain J- and U-shaped markings in a stratigraphic horizon approximately 0.5 m thick. The markings are probably 

sand-filled wonn tubes; no other recognizable fossil-related markings 

were found. 

According to Hamblin (1958, p. 141), no rock of late Late Cambrian 

or of Early Ordovician age has been recognized in northern Michigan. 

An unconformity, therefore, separates the Miners Castle Member of 
8 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

FIGURE 3.-J acobsville Sandstone at Rock River Falls. 

the Munising Formation of early Late Cambrian age from the overlying Au Train Formation, now considered to be of Early and Middle 

Ordovician age. The lithologic change from the Miners Castle Member 

to the overlying Au Train Formation described by Hamblin (1958, 

p. 114) was not found in the study area, and, because of poor exposures, the relation of the two formations cannot be determined. The 

actual relation of the two formations is probably a disconformity. 

AU TRAIN FORMATION 

The type locality of the Au Train Formation is the Au Train Falls 

outcrop, which is approximately 7 km southeast of the southeast 

corner of the study area. Grabau (1906, p. 583) suggested the name 

'' Aux Trains'' for the sequence of rock of early Middle Ordovician age 

at this outcrop, and Hamblin (1958, p. 115) named the sequence the Au 

Train Formation, now considered to be of Early and Middle Ordovician 

age. It i~ the youngest formation in the study area, and only part of the 

lower half is present. Total thickness of the unit in the area is unknown 

because it is mostly overlain by glacial debris. 

The Au Train Formation in the study area is composed of thin- to 

medium-bedded dolomitic sandstone and sandy dolomite that contains 
GEOLOGY 9 

FIGURE 4.-Miners Castle Member of the Munising Formation along Silver Creek. 

from a trace to 1 percent or more of glauconite. Bergquist (1930, p. 233) 

reported that, in the lower part of the formation, as much as 35 percent 

of the rock is glauconite in samples from outside the study area The 

authors considered the lowest glauconitic bed as the base of the forma-
10 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

tion because of difficulty in locating a definite contact with the Munising Formation in the map area 

PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS 

Glacial debris of Pleistocene age consisting of sand, silt, gravel, and 

minor clay overlies most of the bedrock in the study area; its maximum 

thickness is believed to be less than 30 m. Postglacial erosion has removed an indeterminable amount of this unconsolidated material. 

Most of the debris originated less than 3 km from its present location 

although glacial erratics of crystalline rock have been transported 

many tens of kilometers from the north. The largest erratic of 

crystalline rock found during this study is 1.5 to 2 m long; a few other 

erratics are as much as 70 em long. A few small Holocene alluvial 

deposits are present along Rock River and Silver Creek. 

STRUCTURE 

Strata in the study area are nearly flat lying. The Jacobsville Sandstone at Grand Island dips northward 4 o to 6 o and probably also dips 

northward here; the beds exposed at Rock River Falls are so nearly 

level that only joint attitudes were recorded. The younger strata are 

essentially horizontal but do have a regional dip of 4 to 10 mJkm 

(0.23°-0.57°) to the southeast (Hamblin, 1958, p. 60, 121; Vanlier, 

1963, p. 28). This is approximately paraJ.lel to the S. 40° E. dip of approximately 7 ·mJkm (0.4°) of the pre-Munising surface shown by 

Hamblin (1958, p. 66, fig. 35). No faults were seen, and none are mentioned in the literature. 

GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY 

The geochemical survey consisted of collecting samples for analysis 

to determine the concentration and distribution of elements that might 

indicate the mineral resource potential of the study area Whitlow and 

Geraci collected 46 stream sediment, 42 forest litter, 41 soil, and 33 

rock samples; Mory collected 36 rock samples. Sample localities are 

shown on figure 5. 

All Geological Survey samples were analyzed in the Geological 

Survey laboratories, Reston, V a, by computerized semiquantitative 

emission spectrographic methods for 64 elements; the soil samples also 

were analyzed by atomic absorption methods for zinc. The results are 

given in table 1 and summarized in tables 2 to 4. The forest litter 

samples were ashed before analysis, and the percent ash for each 

sample is reported (table 1 ). 

In addition, all Geological Survey samples were analyzed for gold by 

combined fire assay-atomic absorption methods by Esma Y. Campbell and Roosevelt Moore in the Geological Survey laboratories, 

Reston, Va-but no gold was detected at a detection limit of 0.05 

parts per million. 
GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY 11 

EXPLANATION 

FIGURE 5.-Sample sites in the Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area and vicinity, Alger County, Mich. 

Samples collected by Mory were analyzed in the Bureau of Mines, 

Reno Metallurgy Research Center, Reno, Nev., and the results are 

given in tables 5 and 6. 

The analytical results do not suggest the presence of any potential 

mineral resources. Median values for all elements in the rock samples 

(table 2) are near the average for sandstone, and the high values are 

well within the normal range of values found in unmineralized rock. 

The copper content of six forest litter samples (JW-1, 51, and 55; 

At-1, 45, and 58), when corrected for percent ash, are a little higher 

than average (table 1), but other samples nearby have normal copper 

contents. The one anomalous soil sample (JW -55 A, taken from 

beneath forest litter sample JW-55) also contains greater amounts of 

Fe, Be, Ce, Co, Er, La, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ph, V, andY than do the rest of the 

soil samples. The soils are derived mostly from glacial debris, and the 

significance of variations in contained elements is unknown. 
TABLE I.-Analysis of rock, soi~ forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and 

vicinity, Alger County, Mich. 

[Sample localities given in figure 5. X andY coordinates are Universal Transverse Mercator grid, zone 16. Computerized semiquantitative emission spectrographic analyses (S) on forest litter, 1-' stream sediment, and rock samples by Leung Mei; on soil samples by J. L. Harris. Atomic-absorption analyses (AA) for zinc in soil samples by Frederick 0. Simon and Angelina C. Vlisidis. t...:> Results of the semiquantitative spectrographic analyses are reported to the nearest number in the series 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 that represents approximate midpoints of group data in a 

geometric scale. Approximately 50 percent of the assigned groups include the quantitative value. The standard deviation of any single value should be taken as plus 50 percent and minus 

30 percent. The data should not be quoted without stating these limitations. Letter symbols: L, below the limit of detection; B, not looked for; G, greater than upper limit of determination; 

P, partial solution. All data in parts per million except where indicated in percent. Elements looked for spectrographically and not found, except where noted, and their lower limit of detec- ~ tion: As (100), except soil sample AT-5 (100), stream sediment sample AT-19 (100); Au (10); Bi (4.6), except forest litter sample AT-55A (7); Dy (6.8), except soil sample.JW-55A (70), -z forest litter samples JW-44 (20), JW-57 (10), AT-66 (15); Gd (6.8), except forest litter samples JW-1, 27, and 37A (15 each), JW-44 (20), AT-1 (15), AT-69 (20), rock sample AT-60A (7); t_%j 

Ge (3.2), except forest litter samples JW-41 and 44 (5 each), JW-49 (3), AT-1 (3), AT-69 (7); Hf (20), except soil sample JW-46A (20); Ho (3.2), except forest litter sample JW-1 (5); In (4.6); ~ 

Ir (6.8); Nd (50), except forest litter samples JW-1 and 44 (150 each), JW-37A (100), AT-1 (150), stream sediment sample JW-9 (100), rock samples JW-51B (70), AT-SOC (50); Os (6.8); > t-t Pd (1); Pr (10); Pt (6.8), except soil sample AT-56A (10), forest litter sample JW-12 (7); Re (10); Rh (0.63); Ru (3.2); Sb (63); Sn (6.8), except forest litter samples JW-38 (20), JW-55 (30), ~ AT-66 (15), AT-69 (20), stream sediment samples JW-48 (30), JW-52 (10); Ta (460); Tb (14); Te (460); Tl (4.6), except forest litter sample AT-55 (7); Tm (3.2), except soil samples AT-58A t_%j 

and 69A (3 each); U (147); and W (10)] 

R o c k s a m o 1 e s, (3 3) ~ <::= 

SAMPLE X-COORD. Y-COORD. S-F EX s-~G% S- CAX S-TU s-sn S-AL% S-NU 5-KX ~ 

{"') 

1

0.30 

t_%j 

75JW8 137025 506550 0.50 0.30 0.15 30 3.0 o.ozo 3.00 f1l 

75JW10 1 36640 506375 1 .oo 10.30 10.00 0.03 10 1 .o 0.015 1 .oo ~ 75JW18 1 36 580 50 517 5 0.15 o.os 0.05 o.oz 30 0.3 o.oo7L 0.10 0 

75JW18A 136580 505175 0.10 0.1 5 0.20 a. n 30 0.2 o.oo7L o. 1 5 {"') 

75JW20 138000 501500 0.15 3.35 0. 30 0.03 30 0.7 0.007L o. 50 ~ 

~ 

75JW20A 

75JW32 

138000 

139500 501840 

501500 

o. 

0.10 

70 

::1.05 

0.20 0.15 

o.zo 0.02 

0.30 30 

30 0.2 

3.0 

0.007L 

o. 030 

0.07 

2.00 -< t_%j 75JW50 138550 502000 0.50 0.15 1 • 50 0.10 30 2.0 0.007 2.00 ~ 75JW50A 138550 502000 0.10 o.os 0.50 0.05 30 1 .o 0.007 1.50 {"') 75JW508 138550 502000 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.02 30 0.3 o.oo?L 0.30 

75JW518 

75J W54 

136620 

136440 

503900 

504350 

0.70 

0.15 

7.00 

o.os 0.10 

7.00 0.01 

0.03 

15 

30 

0.3 

0.5 

0.007L 

0.007L 

0.30 

0.30 0 

~ 75JW54A 

75JW53 

136440 

1 36850 4991160 

504350 0.15 

0.50 

0.30 

5.00 7.00 

1 .oo o.n 

0.10 

30 

10 

0.3 

2.0 

0.007L 

0.020 

0.15 

3.00 ~ 

75AT3 137550 507275 1. 50 0.50 0.15 0.20 30 5.0 0.050 5.00 ~ 

-

{"') 

75AT16 139625 505025 0.70 0.30 0. 20 0.20 30 5.0 0.020 3.00 

75AT22 137160 502235 0.07 3. :J3 0. 20 0.35 30 0.7 0.007L 0.50 = 

75AT26 136765 5037.50 0.07 0.10 0.20 0.02 30 0.2 0.007L 0.10 -0 

75AT28 1 36 500 503570 1. 50 7.00 7.00 0.1 0 10 2.0 0.020 3.00 

75AT35 137400 501860 0.10 0.05 0.15 0.02 30 0.7 o. 007L 0.70 ~ 

75AT42 137750 503740 c. 30 o. 20 0.70 0.07 30 G 2.0 0.020 1.50 

75AT48 139510 502215 0.20 0.07 0.05 0.05 30 1 .o o. 007L 0.20 

75AT51 138925 502225 0.15 0.20 0. 30 0.03 30 0.7 o. 007L 0.30 

75AT53 138500 503125 0.30 0.05 0.05 0.10 30 1. 5 0.015 2.00 

75 A T60 139500 502840 0.20 0.10 0.07 0.10 30 2.0 o.oso 2.00 
75AT60A 1 39 500 502840 1.00 0.20 0.10 0.1 5 30 s.o 0.070 3.00 

75AT60C 139500 502840 0.15 0.10 0.15 0.07 ·30 2.0 o.oso 2.00 

75AT60E 1 39 500 502840 1.00 3.50 0.15 0.30 30 5.0 o.oso 3.00 

75AT61 140660 501740 0.70 0.15 0.10 0.20 30 3.0 0.020 3.00 

75AT63 140310 501650 0.30 D. J7 0.02 o. )7 30 1.0 0.007L o.zo 

75AT 68A 141700 503450 0.30 0.05 0.05 0.10 30 1. 5 0.007L o.zo 75JW50C 138550 501840 0.15 0.05 0.07 0.02 30 G 0.2 o. 007L 0.15 

75JW52 134400 504100 2.00 1. 00 2.00 0.20 30 3.0 0.300 1.50 

SAMPLE S-Pi:: S-AG S-B S-BA S-SE S-CD s-eE s-co S-CR s-cu 

75JW8 D. 0 7 0.10L 1 DO 30J 1.0 33 L 30 5 50 20 

75J W1 0 0.1 5 0.10L 30 10D 1 .o 30 l 1 DO L 7 20 10 

75JW18 0 .Oll 0.10 3 L 2D 0.7L 30 L 30 L 2 7 3 

75J W18A 0.07 0.20 5 50 0.7L 30 

- 30 L 1 L 5 5 

75JW20 0.07L 0.10 3 7J o. 7L 3J l 50 2 15 10 

75JW20A 0.07 D.10L 3 l 30 0.7L 3J l 30 1 L 10 7 

75J W32 O.D7L 0.10L 70 500 1. 5 30 l 70 3 20 7 0 75J W50 0.10 0.10L 50 200 0.7L 30 - 70 7 20 30 

75J W50A 0.10 0.10 20 200 0.7L 33 :. 30 L 2 15 10 trj 

0 75JW50B 0. 07L 0.10L 3 L 7D 0.7L 30 L 30 L 2 10 7 0 

:I: 75JW51~ 0.07L 0.1 DL 7 50 0.7 30 L 100 L 5 10 7 trj 

75J W54 0.07 0.10L 3 L 70 0.7L 30 L 30 L 2 10 3 

75JW54A D. 07L 0.15 3 L 50 0.7L 30 L 30 1 L 7 7 == 75JW53 0.10 0.10L 30 300 o. 7L 30 L 100 L 3 30 7 -

0 

75A T3 0.10 D.1UL 100 500 1.5 30 

- 70 3 15 10 ~ 75AT16 0.07 0.1 OL 100 50J 1 .o 30 L 50 5 30 1 5 00 

~ 75AT22 0. 07L 0. 1 5 3 70 0.7L :50 L 30 2 10 3 

75A T26 0 .07L 0.10L 3 20 0.7L 30 L 30 L 2 7 5 ~ 75AT28 0.10 0.10L 50 200 o. 7L 30 - 100 L 7 20 10 trj 

75 A T35 O.Oll 0.30 10 70 o. 7L 30 L 30 L 3 10 10 ~ 

75AT42 0.10 0.10L 70 200 0 .JL 30 L 30 7 15 1 5 

75AT48 0.07L 0.1UL 30 30 o. 7L 30 L. 70 2 15 3 

75AT51 0.07 0.15 3 L 70 o. 7L 30 :. 30 L 2 10 7 

75AT5 3 0.07 0.20 1 5 200 0.7L 3::1 L 70 3 20 20 

75AT60 0 .07L 0.10L 30 5 oa o. 7L 30 L 70 2 5 5 

75AT60A 0.07L 0.10 70 700 0.7 30 L 30 3 5 3 

75AT60C 0.07L 0.10 50 500 o. 7L 30 

- 100 2 7 7 

75AT60E 0.07L 0.10 70 SOD 1. 5 30 L 100 3 15 10 

75AT61 0.07 0.20 30 300 o. 7L 30 L 50 10 30 50 

75AT63 0.07L 0.1 (j 30 20 0. 7L 30 L 30 2 3 5 

75AT68A D.07L 0.15 30 30 1 .o 30 L 30 3 7 5 

75JW50C D.Dll 0.20 5 3J o. 7L 30 L 30 L 3 5 15 ........ 

75 J w 52 0.10 0.10L 20 300 0.7 30 L 70 10 20 20 Cl:) 
TABLE !.-Analysis of rock, soi~ forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and ~ 

vicinity, Alger County, Mich. -Continued ~ 

SAMPLE S-ER S-EU S-GA S-L A S-LU S-)olN S-MO S-NB S-NI S-PB 

75JW8 10 L 1. 5 L 7 20 20 L 100 2 L 5 20 10 ~ 

75JW18 

75JW10 10 

10 L 

L 1. 

1.5L 

SL 2 

2 L 

1 5 

10 L 20 

20 L 

L 1500 

70 

3 

2 L 3 L 

3 L 30 

5 L 

10 

10 L -

z 

tzj 75JW18A 10 L 1. SL 2 L 10 L 20 L 100 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L 75JW20 10 L 1. 5 L 2 L 10 L 20 L ~ 30 2 L 3 L 7 10 L > t:-t 75JW20A 10 L 1.5L 2 L 10 20 L 30 2 L 3 L 7 10 L 75JW32 10 L 1. SL 5 30 ~ 20 L 200 2 L 7 15 10 tzj 75JW50 10 L 1. SL 5 1 5 20 L SO:J 2 L 5 15 1 5 en 75JW50A 10 L 1. 5 L 2 L 1 5 20 L 50 2 L 3 L 5 10 L 0 

75JWSOB 10 L 1.5L 2 L 10 L 20 L 30 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L c::: 

~ 

75JW51B 10 L 1.5L 2 L 10 L 20 L 1500 2 L 3 L 10 10 L <:'1 

75JW54 10 L 1. 5 L 2 L 10 L 20 L 50 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L tzj 

75JW54A 10 L 1. SL 2 L 1 5 20 L 100 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L sn 

75JW53 10 L 2.0 5 20 20 L 700 2 L 3 L 10 10 L ~ 

75AT3 10 L 1. SL 10 20 20 L 300 2 L 3 10 10 0 

<:'1 

75AT16 10 L 1. SL 7 20 20 L 70 2 L 7 15 10 ~ 

75AT22 10 L 1. 5 L 2 L 10 L 20 L 30 2 L 3 L 7 10 L ~ 

75AT26 10 L 1. 5 L 2 L 10 L 20 ,L 50 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L -<! 

75AT28 10 L 1. 5L 3 1 5 20 L 1500 2 3 L 15 20 tzj 

75AT35 10 L 1. 5 L 2 L 10 L 20 L 30 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L ~ 

<:'1 

75AT42 10 L 1.5L 3 1 5 20 L 200 2 L 3 L 10 10 L > 75AT48 10 L 1.5L 2 L 30 20 L 150 2 3 L 10 10 L z 

75AT51 10 L 1. 5 L 2 L 10 L 20 L 50 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L ~ 

75AT53 10 L 1. SL 3 20 20 L 30 2 L 3 L 5 L 1 5 0 

75 AT60 10 L 1. SL 5 20 20 L 70 2 L 3 5 L 10 L ~z 

75AT60A 10 L 1.5L 7 20 20 L 1 50 2 L 7 5 L 15 ~ 

75AT60C 10 L 2.0 3 30 20 L 1QJ 2 L 3 7 10 L -

<:'1 

75AT60E 10 L 1. 5 10 30 20 L 150 2 L 10 10 15 ::c: 

75AT61 10 L 1. 5 L 7 20 20 L 200 2 L 3 15 20 -

0 75AT63 10 L 1.5L 2 L 1 5 20 L 50 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L > 

75AT68A 10 L 1. SL 2 10 L 20 L 300 2 L 10 5 L 10 L z 

75JW50C 10 L 1. SL 2 L 10 20 L 50 2 L 3 L 5 L 10 L 75Jw52 10 L 1. 5 L 5 20 20 L 1000 2 L 7 15 30 
SAMPLE s-se S-SM S -SR S-TH s-v S-Y S-YB S-ZN S-ZR 

75J W8 7.0 50 L 50 20 L 30 10 1.00 20 L 200 

75JW10 5.0 50 L 70 20 L 1 5 1 0 1.00 20 L 70 

75JW18 2.0 50 L 1 5 20 5 3 0.20 20 L 100 

75J W18A 1. 5 50 L 30 20 L 5 3 0.20 20 L 100 

75JW20 3.0 50 L 50 20 L 7 7 0.30 50 200 

75JW20A 2.0 50 L 30 20 L 5 3 0.20 20 L 50 

75JW32 5.0 50 L 30 20 L 20 20 2.00 20 L 300 

75J w50 5.0 50 L 50 20 L 20 7 0.70 20 L 150 

75JW50A 3.0 50 L 50 20 L 1 5 7 0.50 20 L 300 

75JW50B 2.0 50 L 20 30 5 3 0.20 20 L 300 

75JW51B 1. OL 50 L 30 20 L 15 7 0.50 20 L 30 0 

75JW54 2.0 50 L 20 30 7 5 0.20 20 L 100 l:_:l:j 

0 75J W 54A 2.0 50 L 20 20 L 7 5 0.20 2 0 L 100 0 

75JW53 7.0 50 L 70 20 L 30 10 0.70 20 L 200 ::I: 

75A T3 5.0 50 L 50 20 L 20 20 3.00 20 L 1 50 l:_:l:j 

== 75AT16 10.0 50 L 70 20 L 30 1 5 1. 50 20 L 300 -

0 75AT22 2.0 50 L 20 20 L 10 5 0.20 20 L 1 50 > 75AT26 1. 0 50 L 15 20 L 5 2 0.15 20 L 50 t-t 

75AT28 7.0 50 L 70 20 L 20 1 5 1.00 20 L 300 en 75A T35 1. 0 50 L 30 20 L 7 3 0.20 20 L 100 c 

~ 

< 75AT42 5.0 50 L 50 20 L 20 7 0.70 20 L 1 50 l:_:l:j 

75AT48 1. 5 50 L 1 5 3::1 10 10 1.00 20 L 500 ~ 

75AT51 2.0 50 L 20 20 L 7 5 0.50 20 L 300 

75AT53 5.0 50 L 50 20 20 7 0.50 20 L 300 

75AT60 2.0 50 L 30 20 L 1 5 20 2.00 20 L 1 50 

75AT60A 3.0 50 L 50 20 L 1 5 30 3.00 20 L 200 

75AT60C 2.0 50 L 30 20 L 7 10 1.00 20 L 1 50 

75AT60E 7.0 50 L 50 20 L 20 30 3.00 20 L 300 

75AT61 7.0 50 L 70 20 L 30 10 1. 00 20 L 200 

75AT63 2.0 50 L 20 2:::1 L 7 1 :::J 1.00 20 L 500 

75AT68A 2.0 50 L 20 20 L 10 1 5 2.00 20 L 500 

75JW50C 1.5 50 L 15 20 L 5 3 0.30 20 L 50 

75JW52 7.0 50 L 100 20 L 70 20 2.00 30 1 50 1-' 

01 
TABLE 1.-Analysis of rock, soi~ forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and 

vicinity, Alger County, Mich. -Continued 

s 0 ; 1 samples, (4 1) 

SAfolPLE X-COOPD. Y-COORD. S-FE% s-."'GX s- cA% S-TI% s-s IX S-AL% S-NAX S-K% 

75Jio2A 136580 508100 0.7 :1.07 ,o. 10 0.30 30 G 3 0.20 3.0 ....... 75Jioi3A 135580 508375 1.0 0.10 0.10 D.20 30 G 5 0.15 3.0 ~ 

75JW5A 135 750 507050 1. 5 J .1 5 0.20 0.50 30 G 5 0.30 5.0 

75JW12A 135650 505850 1. 5 1. 1 5 0.50 D.30 30 :; 5 0.30G 3.0 75Jw13B 134450 50 64 80 1. 5 0.30 0.70 0.30 30 G 7 0.306 5.0 

75JW14 134400 505550 1. 5 D.20 0.50 0.30 30 6 5 0.306 3.0 ~ ..... 75JW22A 139400 501225 1. 5 rJ. 1 5 0. 50 0.30 30 G 5 0.30G 3.0 z 75JW23A 131:i400 501!125 1. 5 0.15 0.50 0.30 30 6 5 O. 30G 3.0 t'!j 

75JW24A 137475 503COC 2.n 0.20 0.50 0.30 30 G 7 0.30G 5.0 ~ 

75JW25A 1371(10 504625 2.0 0.30 1 .oo 0.30 30 7 0.30G 1.5G > t"'4 

75JW27A 1 38150 505975 1.0 0.10 0.20 0.20 30 G 5 0.30G 3.0 ~ 

75JW28A 1 391 so 505225 1. 5 o. 1 5 0.20 o. 3 0 30 G 5 0.30G 3.0 t'!j 

75Jw37a 139940 5L1480 1. 5 0.20 0.1 5 0.20 30 G 7 0.10 5.0 r:n 

0 75JW38A 142380 502500 1.0 0.20 0. 30 0.50 30 G 5 0.306 3.0 c:: 75JW39A 141160 503325 2.0 0.1 5 0.20 0.50 30 G 5 0.306 3.0 ~ C':) 

75JW40A 141 300 50260C 0.7 0.20 0.20 [).30 30 G 7 0.306 3.0 t'!j 

75JW41A 140340 502580 1.0 0.1 5 0. 30 0.70 30 G 5 0.30G 3.0 rn 75JW42A 139500 503540 1.5 0.1 5 0.70 !'.1.30 30 G 5 0.30G 3.0 ~ 75JW44A 140525 499200 0.7 0.20 0.05 0.20 30 G 5 0.10 5.0 0 75JW46A 136400 499850 1.0 J.1U 0 .15 0.20 30 G 5 0.20 3.0 C':) 

~ 75JW47A 1 36950 500880 2.0 0.20 0.30 0.50 30 G 7 0.30G 5.0 ~ 75JW49A 1 35090 502200 0.7 0.20 0.50 0.30 30 G 7 0.20 7.0 ..... 75JW51A 136620 503900 2.0 0.50 1. 50 0.30 30 G 7 o.30G 3.0 < t'!j 75JW55A 136340 504400 15.0 0.5G 1. 00 D. 2 0 20 7 0.10 0.7G 

75JW56A 134400 504100 ~ 0.7 0.20 0.50 0.20 30 G 7 0.30G 2.0 C':) 

75AT2 137450 507400 0.7 0.20 o.so 0.20 50 G 7 0.30G 5.0 

~ 75AT5 137450 506660 1 .o J.20 0.70 0.15 30 G 5 0.30G 2.0 

75AT25C 1 36810 502925 2.0 J. 1 5 o.so 0.15 1 5 2 0.20 1.0 

75AT29A 1 36460 502470 1. 5· o. 2·0 0.70 0.50 30 G 7 0.30G 5.0 

75AT30A 138260 500150 3.0 0.20 0.70 0.30 30 G 5 0.30G 1.56 ~ 

~ 75AT31A 1 3 7950 5 C'06 7 5 1.0 0.10 0.15 0.50 30 G 5 0.30 3.0 ..... 

C':) 75AT36A 139500 500215 0.7 J.1 5 0.20 0.15 20 3 0.20 1.56 ::r: 75AT45A 1 38150 50 31 2 5 1.0 0.10 0.30 0.50 30 G 5 0.30G 2.0 ..... 75AT46A 1 38 700 504601) 1. 5 0.1 5 0.30 0.30 30 G 7 0.30G 3.0 0 75AT55B 138540 50 32 7 5 1. 5 0.30 0.50 0.30 30 G 7 0.20 5.0 > z 75AT56A 138775 503700 s.n 0.30 1 .oo 0.50 50 10 0.20 7.0 

75AT58A 139000 502750 1 .o o.os 0.15 0.30 30 G 3 0.30G 2.0 

75AT65A 140825 501200 1. 5 0.20 0.20 0.30 30 G 5 0.30G 3.0 

75AT66A 141450 500525 1.0 0.20 0.30 0.15 30 G 5 0.20 3.0 

75AT69A 141730 501725 0.7 0.30 0.30 0.50 30 G 7 0.30G 3.0 

t5AT70A 141300 498925 2.0 0.30 0.50 0.70 30 G 7 0.30G 3.0 
SAMPLE S-P% S-AG s-o S-3A S -BE s-co s-eE s-co S-CR s-cu 

75JW2A o.07L O.SL 50 70::J 1.0L 30 l 50 L 1. 5 10 2.0 

75JW3A 0.07 0.5L 30 700 1.0L 30 l 50 L 2.0 15 2.0 

75JW5A 0.10 O.SL 50 100::J 1.0L 30 L 50 L 2.0 20 5.0 

75JW12A o. 07L 0.5L 50 100::> 1.0L 30 L 50 L 1 .OL 20 1. 5 

75JW13B 0.10 O.SL 30 1000 1 .o 30 L 70 1. 5 30 1. OL 

75JW14 0.10 O.SL 50 1000 1 .OL 30 L 50 2.0 20 2.0 

75JW22A 0.10 O.SL 50 1000 1.0L 30 !.. 50 L 1.0L 20 1.0L 

75JW23A 0.07 O.SL 70 700 1.0L 3::J L 50 L 3.0 30 2.0 

75JW24A 0.10 O.SL 70 1000 1. 5 30 L 50 L 5.0 30 7.0 

75JW25A 0.10 O.SL 50 700 1. 5 30 l 70 7.0 30 20.0 

75JW27A 0.07 O.SL 30 70::> 1.0L 3J L 50 l 1 .OL 20 1.0L 

75JW28A 0.1(1 0.5L 70 700 1 .OL 3::J L 50 l 1 .OL 20 1.0L 

75JW37B 0.07 O.SL 70 700 1 .OL 30 L 50 l 15.0 50 5.0 

75JW38A 0. 07L O.SL 50 1000 1.0L 3::J ~ 50 l 1 .o 30 1.0L 

75JW39A 0.07L O.SL 50 703 1.0 3::J L 50 L 1.0 15 1.0L 0 

tz:j 

75JW40A 0.07L O.SL 30 1000 , • 5 30 L 50 L 1 .o 10 1.0 0 

75JW41A 0.07L O.SL 2 l 700 1.0L 30 L 50 L 1 .OL 15 1. OL 0 

75JW42A 0.10 0.5L 30 100::> 1.0L 30 I. 50 L 1.0 15 1.0L ::z:: 

tz:j 75JW44A o.on O.SL 50 500 1.0L 30 L 50 L 1. 5 30 1.0L 

== 75JW46A o.on O.SL 20 700 1 .OL 30 L 50 L 1 .o 15 1.0L ~ 

0 

75JW47A o., s O.SL 70 1000 1. 0 30 L 50 L 2.0 20 2.0 > 

75J W49A 0.10 O.SL 70 1000 1.0L 3::J l 50 L 3.0 30 1.0L ~ 

75JW51A o. 2 0 O.SL so 700 3.0 30 l 50 7.0 30 10.0 en 

75JW55, 0.30 O.SL 70 SUD 1 5. 0 30 l 500 50.0 50 300.0 c::: 

75JW56A 0.1C O.SL 30 700 1. 5 30 L 50 L 1.0 15 1. 5 ~ 75AT2 0.07 O.SL 70 1500 1.0L 3::J L 50 L 1.5 30 3.0 tz:j 

75AT5 0.10 O.SL 100 700 , • 5 30 l 50 L 2.0 15 5.0 ~ 

75AT25C 0.1 5 O.SL 20 300 s.o 30 L 70 7.0 15 10.0 

75AT29A 0.10 0.5L 70 1::JOO 1. 5 30 L 50 L 7.0 70 10.0 

75A T30A 0.1 5 O.SL 70 500 1. 5 30 l 70 7.0 3::J 20.0 

75AT31A 0.10 O.SL 50 700 1 .OL 30 L 70 1.0L 20 1.0L 

75AT36A 0.10 0.5 30 200 1. 5 30 L 50 L 2.0 10 3.0 

75AT45A U. 07L o.~L 70 1:100 1. 0 30 L 50 L 1.0L 30 1.0 

75AT46A 0. 1 5 O.SL 50 700 1 .o 3::J L 50 L 1. 0 20 1.0 

75AT55B 0.10 0.5L 100 1000 1.0 3::1 L 50 L 20.0 5::J 50.0 

75AT56A 0.30 O.SL 70 1000 2.0 30 L 200 15.0 100 10.0 

75AT58A 0.10 C.SL so 700 1 .OL 30 L 50 L 1 .OL 15 1.0L 

75AT65A 0.10 D.SL 30 1000 1.0 30 L 50 L 3.0 20 2.0 

75AT66A 0.10 O.SL 70 700 1.0L 30 L 50 L 5.0 50 3.0 1--' 

7SAT69A Ll.07 O.SL 70 11"100 1. 5 30 L 50 L 1 .o 1 5 1.0L ...:J 

75AT70A 0 .07L O.SL 70 ?OJ 1. 5 3J L 50 l 3.0 3::J 7.0 
TABLE 1.-Analysis of rock, soi~ forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and 

vicinity, Alger County, Mich. -Continued 

SAMPLE S-ER S-EU S -GA S-LA S-LU S-MN S-MO S-NB S-NI S•PB ~ 

00 75JW2A 5 L 1.0L 5 1 5 L 7 L 500 2 L 1 5 L 2.0 10 

75JW3A 5 L 1.UL 7 15 L 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 3. 0 15 

75JW5A 5 L 1. 0 10 20 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 15 

75JW12A ·5 L 1 .OL 10 20 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 10 

75JW13B 5 L 1.0 10 30 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L s.o 15 a:: 

1-1 

75JW14 5 L 1. OL 10 20 7 L 1000 2 L 1 5 L 5. 0 15 z 

t_::l:j 75JW22A 5 L 1.0L 10 1 5 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 2.0 1 5 ~ 7SJW?3A 5 L 1.0L 10 1 5 L 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 10 > 75JW?4A 5 L 1. 5 10 1 5 L 7 L 1500 2 L 1 5 L 10.0 15 t"' 

75JW25A 5 L 1.0L 10 30 7 L 7000 2 L 1 5 L 15.0 20 ~ 

t_::l:j 

75J loi27A 5 L 1.u 7 1 5 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 2.0 7 75JW28A 5 L 1.('L 10 1 5 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 10 ~ 75JW37B 5 L 1. 5 10 1 5 L 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 1 o. 0 15 c::: 

75JW"38A 5 L 1. 5 10 1 5 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 10 ~ 

0 75JW39A 5 L 1 .OL 7 1 5 L 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 10 t_::l:j 

10 rn 75JW40A 5 L 1.0L 10 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 

75JW41A 5 L 1.0 10 20 7 L 150 ~ 2 L 1 5 L 2.0 15 0 75JW42A 5 1.0 10 20 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 10 0 75JW44A 5 L 1.0L 7 15 L 7 L 70 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 2 ~ 75JW46A 5 L 1. 5 7 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 2.0 7 ~ 1-1 

75JW47A 5 L 1 .OL 1 5 15 L 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 15 < 

75JW49A 5 L 1.0L 15 1 5 L 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 10 t_::l:j 

75JW51A 5 L 1. 5 10 20 7 L 2000 2 L 1 5 L 1 5. 0 15 ~ 

75JW55A 1 5 5.0 1 5 70 7 L 15000 10 1 5 L 70.0 150 0 

75JW56A 5 L 1.0 10 20 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 10 

75AT2 5 L 1.0 10 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 7.0 10 s 

0 75AT5 5 L 1.0L 10 1 5 L 7 L 200D 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 10 ;Z 75AT25C 5 L 1.0 5 20 7 L 7000 2 L 1 5 L 15.0 15 

75AT29A 5 L 1.0L 15 1 5 [_ 7 L 10DOO 2 L 1 5 L 1 5. 0 20 a:: 

75 A T30A 5 1.CL 10 20 7 L 2000 2 L 1 5 L 10.0 30 1-1 

0 

75AT31A 5 L 2.0 10 20 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 15 :I: 

1-1 

75A T36A 5 L 1.0L 5 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 15 0 

75AT45A 5 L 2.0 10 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 15 > 75AT46A 5 L 1.0L 10 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 15 L 3.0 15 z 

75AT55B 5 L 1. 5 10 20 7 L 1500 2 L 1 5 L 20.0 15 

75A T56A 7 1. 5 20 50 7 L 3000 2 L 15 L 30.0 50 

75AT58A 5 L 1.0L 5 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 1. 5 7 75AT65A 5 L 1.0 10 15 L 7 L 300 2 L 15 L 5.0 15 

75AT66A 7 1.0 7 15 L 7 L 700 2 L 1 5 L 7.0 7 75AT69A 5 L 1.0L 10 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 15 

75AT70A 5 1.0L 10 15 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 1 o.o 1 5 
SAMPLE s-se S-SM S-SR S-TH s-v S-Y S-YB S-ZN S-ZR AA-ZN-P 

75JW2A 2.0 7 l 100 50 l 20 20 2.0 1 5 l 200 15 

75JW3A 2.0 7 l 70 50 l 20 10 1.0 1 5 l 200 18 

75J W5A 3.0 7 l 100 50 l 50 1 5 2.0 1 5 l 300 22 

75J W12A 2.0 7 l 100 50 l 30 30 s.o 1 5 l 500 14 

75JW1 38 5.0 7 l 100 50 l 30 20 3.0 1 5 l 150 35 

75JW14 3.0 7 l 100 50 l 30 15 3.0 1 5 l 300 26 

75JW22A 2.0 7 l 100 50 l 30 15 3.0 •1 5 l 300 12 

75JW23A 3.0 7 l 100 50 l 50 20 3.0 1 5 l 200 25 

75JW24A 3.0 7 l 100 50 l 30 15 3.0 1 5 l 200 20 

75JW25A 5.0 7 l 100 50 l 50 20 3.0 30 500 64 

75JW27A 1. 5 7 l 100 50 l 20 20 3.0 1 5 l 200 12 

75JW28A 2.0 7 l 100 50 l 30 1 5 2.0 15 l 200 18 

75JW37B 7.0 7 l 1 50 50 l 30 10 2.0 1 5 l 200 12 

75JW38A 3.0 7 l 100 50 l 30 15 2.0 1 5 l 200 26 0 75JI039A 2.0 7 l 70 50 l 50 30 5.0 15 l 500 19 t_:l:j 

75J W40A 2.0 7 l 100 50 l 1 5 1 5 3.0 1 5 l 200 14 0 

('"_) 

75JW41A 2.0 7 l 150 50 30 1 5 2.0 30 300 14 ::r: 

75JW42A 3.0 7 l 1 50 50 l 30 15 2.0 1 5 l 200 19 t_:l:j 

75JW44A 3.0 7 l 70 so l 30 7 1.0 1 5 l 1 50 14 ==:: 75J W46A 1. 5 7 l 70 50 l 15 10 2.0 1 5 l 200 14 -('"_) 

75JW47A 3.0 7 l 100 50 l 50 20 3.0 1 5 l 300 19 > t'"4 75JW49A 3.0 7 l 1 DO 50 l 20 1 5 2.0 1 5 l 300 10 en 75J W51 A 5.0 7 l 1 50 50 l 70 20 7.0 1 5 l 200 24 c:: 75JW55A 10.0 20 70 so l 1 50 100 7.0 70 700 44 ~ 75JW56A 3.0 7 l 100 50 l 20 20 2.0 1 5 l 200 14 < t_:l:j 

?SAT 2 5.0 7 l 100 100 l 30 20 2.0 1 5 l 200 14 ~ 

75AT5 5.0 7 l 100 50 l 30 1 5 2.0 1 5 L 200 41 

75AT25C 5.0 7 l 70 50 l 70 20 2.0 70 150 98 

75AT29A 3.0 7 l 100 100 L 50 50 3.0 30 300 47 

75AT30A 5.0 7 L 100 50 l 1 00 20 2.0 20 500 39 

75AT31A 3.0 7 l 70 100 l 20 20 3.0 1 5 L 500 14 

75AT36A 3.0 7 l 30 50 l 30 15 1 0 5 15 L 100 38 

75AT45A 2.0 7 L 150 50 L 30 30 3.0 1 5 L 700 12 

75AT46A 3.0 7 L 100 50 l 30 20 2.0 1 5 L 200 14 

75AT55B 7.0 7 l 100 50 L 50 20 2.0 1 5 L 1 SJ 25 

75AT56A 10.0 10 1 50 100 l 70 30 3.0 15 L 300 19 

75AT58A 1. 5 7 l 100 50 l 20 20 2.0 1 5 L 300 10 

75AT65A 3.0 7 l 100 50 l 50 20 3.0 1 5 L 300 18 

75AT66A 5.0 7 l 70 50 l 30 1 5 2.0 15 l 150 36 ...... 

75AT69A 2.0 7 l 100 50 l 20 50 5.0 1 5 l 150 11 co 

75AT70A 3.0 7 l 1 50 100 l 100 20 3.0 1 5 L 300 20 
TABLE 1.-Analysis of rock, soi4 forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and 

vicinity, Alger County, Mich. -Continued 

M o r {F o r e s t L i t t e r) samples, {4 2) ~ 

SAMPLE X-COORD. Y-COORD. s-FE" S-%" s- c A" S-T I% s-su S-AL% S-NA% S-KI 0 

75 J W1 1 36800 508025 1 o.o 1. 50 5.0 0.30 30 7.0 0.30G 0.7G 

75JW2 136580 508100 0.5 n.o7 0.1 0.07 30 G 0.7 0.05 0.7 

75JW3 135800 508375 0.7 0.10 0.1 0.07 30 G 1 .o 0.10 1.0 

~ 75JW5 1 ~5 750 507060 0.7 0.07 0.2 0.10 30 G 1.0 0.15 1.0 1-< 

75JW6 137250 507000 2.0 0.50 1.0 0.30 30 G 5.0 0.20 5.0 z 1. 5 tz:j 

75JW12 135650 5051150 0.7 0.07 0.2 0.07 30 G 1. 5 0.20 ~ 

75JW13A 134450 506480 2.0 1 .oo 3.0 ::>.20 30 G 5.0 0.30G 3.0 > 75JW22 139400 501225 2.0 0.70 2.0 0.20 30 G 3.0 0.30G 1.5G t'"4 

75JW23 138400 5'01825 1. 5 0.30 1.0 0.20 30 G 3.0 0.30G 1.5G ~ 

75JW24 137475 503(100 2.0 o.so 2.0 0.20 30 G 3.0 0.30G 3.0 tz:j 

75JW25 1 37100 504625 2.0 'J.50 2.0 0.10 30 G 2.0 0.30 1.0 ~ c 75 J w 2 7 1 38150 505975 3.0 0.70 1. 5 0.30 30 G 3.0 0.30G 1.56 ~ 

75JW28 1 391 so 505225 1.0 0.15 0.2 0.20 30 G 2.0 0.30G 1.5G 0 

75JW37A 1 39940 501480 3.0 1.00 3.0 0.30 30 G 5.0 0.306 1.5G tz:j 

75JW38 142380 50?500 3.0 1. 50 s.o 0.15 30 G 3.0 0.30G 1.5G ¥l 

75Jw39 141160 503325 2.0 o.so 0.7 o. 20 30 G 2.0 0.30G 1.5G ~ 

75JW40 141300 502600 3.0 0.70 1. 5 0.30 30 G 7.0 0.30G 1.5G 0 

0 75JW41 1 40 340 50 2 5 80 3.0 ::>.70 1. 5 0.50 30 G 5.0 0.30G 1.56 p:: 75JW42 139500 503540 1.0 'J.20 1.0 0.15 30 G 2.0 0.30G 1.5G ~ 75JW44 140525 499200 s.o ::1.70 1. 5 0.20 30 G 7.0 0.30G 1.5G 1-< 

75J W46 136400 499e50 1. 5 0.20 1.0 ::1.30 30 G 3.0 0.30G 3. ()" < tz:j 

75JW47 136950 500880 1.0 0.10 0.2 0.20 30 G 2.0 0.30G 3.0 ~ 

75JW49 135090 502200 s.o 1.50 5.0 0.30 30 G 7.0 0.30G 7.0 0 75JW51 136620 503900 3.0 1.00 5.0 0.30 30 G 3.0 0.30G 1.5G > 75JW55 1 3634\J 5C'4400 5.0 1.30 3.0 ::>.30 30 G 3.0 0. 30G 1. 5. z 75AT1 137450 507400 7.0 2.00 5.0 0.30 30 7.0 0.30G 1.5G t< 

75 A T4 137450 506660 2.0 1.00 s.o 0.20 30 G 3.0 0.30G 2.0 0 

75AT25B 136860 502925 2.0 1. 50 1 5 .o 0.10 30 G 3.0 0.20 1.56 ~ 

75AT29 136460 502470 1. 5 1. 50 1 5 .o 0.10 30 2.0 0.30 2.0 ~ 

75 A T30 138260 500150 2.0 1.00 1 o.o 0.10 30 G 2.0 0.15 1. 5G 1-< 

0 

75AT31 1 37950 50 06 7 5 1.0 1.50 10.0 0.05 20 0.7 (J.30 3.0 ::: 75AT36 139500 500215 1 .o 1. so 7.0 0.05 20 3.0 0.15 1.56 1-< 

75AT45 138150 503125 1. 5 1 .DO 1 o.o 0.10 30 2.0 0.30G 1.56 0 

75AT46 1 38 700 504600 1. 5 1 .oo 3.0 0.20 30 G 3.0 O. 3DG 3.0 > 75AT55A 138540 503275 2.0 1. 50 1 o.o 0.20 30 5.0 0.3DG 1.56 z 

75AT56 138775 503700 s.o 1 .oo 7.0 0.10 30 G 3.0 O.lOG 1. 5G 

75AT58 1 39000 502750 3.0 1. 50 7.0 0.20 30 G 3.0 0.30G 1.5G 

75AT65 140825 501200 2.0 :1.70 3.0 0.20 30 G 3.0 0.30G 1. SG 

75AT66 1'41450 500525 2.0 2.00 1 5 .o 0.07 20 3.0 0.30G 1. SG 

75AT69 141730 501725 3.0 1.50 7.0 0.30 30 G 5.0 0.30G. 1.5G 

75AT70 141300 498925 2.0 1 .oo 2.0 0.50 30 G 5.0 0.30G 1.5G 

'?SJW55 , 3!.400 504100 s.o 0.'?0 3.0 ~-5~ 30 G 10.0 0.30G 10.0 
SAI'IPLE S-PX S-AG s-s S-3A S-BE s-co S-CE s-co S-CR s-cu 

75JW1 1. 00 2.0 50 1000 7.0 10 L 200 70o0 50 200 

75JW2 Oo07 OoSL 10 150 1o0L 10 L 50 L 1 0 5 10 5 

75JW"3 0.10 0.5L 10 300 1 .OL 1 0 L 50 L 1 0 5 10 10 

75JW5 Oo07 Oo7 15 300 1o OL 1 Q L 50 L 1 0 5 15 5 

75J W6 0.15 OoSL 70 700 1 0 5 10 L 150 70o0 50 50 

75JW12 Oo10 OoSL 30 300 1o0L 10 L 50 L 1 oO 10 7 75JW13A Oo30 O.SL 50 700 1 0 5 1:) L 70 7o0 20 30 

75JW22 Oo30 OoS 70 1000 1 0 5 1::1 L 50 L 7o0 20 100 

75JW23 Oo15 OoSL 50 700 1 oOL 10 L 50 L 5o0 15 50 

75JW24 Oo20 OoS 50 70Q 1 0 5 10 L 50 10o0 30 30 

75JW25 0.30 Oo7 50 500 1oOL 1 J L 50 L 10o0 2:1 50 

75JW27 Oo70 3.0 70 100::1 2o0 1 ::1 L 70 7o0 30 150 

75JW28 Oo15 O.SL 30 SOD 1 oOL 10 L 50 L 1 0 5 20 7 75JW37A Oo70 SoO 100 700 2o0 15 100 30o0 50 200 

75JW38 1.50 1. 5 1 50 700 2.0 30 70 L 10o0 30 300 0 

tJ:j 

75JW39 o.so 7.0 70 70::1 1.5 20 50 L 5o0 30 100 0 

0 75JW40 1 .oo 1.0 50 1000 3.0 15 150 15o0 30 150 ::I: 75 J 1.41 0.70 1. 0 100 1000 3.0 1 5 70 10o0 50 100 tJ:j 75J W42 0.1 5 O.SL 50 700 1 .OL 1::1 L 50 L 2o0 20 30 s= 75 J W4 4 1.00 1. 5 70 700 s.o 1 5 300 20o0 30 150 ~ 

0 

7 5 J W4 6 0.15 O.SL 50 700 1.0L 1J L 50 l 3o0 20 1 5 > 

75JW47 0.10 O.SL 20 700 1. OL 10 L 50 L 1 • 5 15 L 10 t"'4 

75JW49 0.30 1.0 100 70J 1. 5 1 J L 70 L 20o0 70 20 

75JW51 0.50 1. 5 100 500 2.0 15 70 15.0 30 200 ~ 75JW55 o.so 3.0 100 700 s.o 10 L 100 20o0 30 500 ~ 

< 

500 tJ:j 75A T1 1.00 3.0 200 1500 s.o 50 700 70o0 100 ~ 75AT4 Q.30 0.5L 100 100::1 1. 5 1 J L 70 7.0 30 30 

75AT25B 1.00 1.0 200 30J 1.0 15 70 L 7o0 20 70 

75AT29 1.50 O.SL 200 700 1.0L 30 70 L 5o0 20 200 

75AT30 1.00 0.7 1 50 300 1.0L 100 70 L 7o0 20 200 

75AT31 2 .oo 2.0 200 1000 1.0L 30 70 L 2o0 15 500 

75AT36 2.00 O.SL 200 1500 2.0 7J 70 L 15o0 15 300 

75AT45 1.00 2.0 1 50 1000 1.0L 30 70 L 5o0 20 500 

75AT46 o.s.o 1.0 70 1000 1.0L 10 L 70 L 5o0 20 70 

75AT55A 1.00 20.0 1 50 700 1. 5 20 70 L 30o0 70 300 

75AT56 1.50 0.7 150 1500 7.0 15 100 15.0 30 200 

75AT58 1.50 1. 5 1 so 1000 2.0 50 70 L 7.0 50 500 

75AT65 0.70 1. 5 100 1000 2.0 10 70 L 20o0 30 300 

75AT66 1.50 0.7 200 1000 3.0 20 500 7.0 20 200 ~ 

75AT69 1.JO 1. 5 1 so 150J 2.0 3J 70 10o0 70 300 ~ 

75AT70 o.so 1.0 70 1000 1. 5 15 70 7o0 30 70 

75JW56 0.50 O.SL 100 1000 2.0 10 L 100 20o0 100 30 
TABLE !.-Analysis of rock, soi~ forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and 

vicinity, All(er Countv. Mich. -Continued 

SAMPLE S-ER S-EU S -GA S-LA S-LU s-~N S-MO S-NB S-NI S-PB 

75JW1 7 3.0 150 3 L 7000 50.0 20 70 50 t...:> 75JW2 5 L 1.lll L 5 3 L 700 1. 5L 10 L 5 30 t...:> 75JW3 5 l 1.0L 7 3 l 1000 1.5L 10 L 5 50 

75JW5 5 L 1.0L 3 1 J 3 L 300 2.0 10 L 7 30 

75JW6 5 l 2.0 1 5 7-0 3 L 3000 2.0 10 L 50 50 

75JW12 5 L 1.0L 5 10 5 500 1.5L 10 L 5 50 ~ 75JW13A 5 L 1. OL 10 so 3 L 3000 3.0 10 L 15 200 -

z 75JW22 5 L 1.0L 7 20 3 L 500Q 2.0 10 L 30 500 tz:j 

75JW23 5 L 1.0L 7 20 3 L 7rJOO 2.0 10 L 15 200 ~ 75 J w 2 4 j L 1.0L 10 3Q 3 L 7000 2.0 10 L 20 200 > t"'4 

75JW25 5 L 1.0L 5 20 3 L 5000 2.0 10 L 50 150 ~ 75JW27 5 L 1 .OL 10 30 3 L 1500 3.0 10 51'l 500 tz:j 

75JW28 5 L 1.0L 5 1 5 3 L 500 1. 5L 10 L 7 50 

75J W37A 5 l 1. OL 1 5 3Q 3 L 3000 7.0 10 L 70 700 ~ 75JW38 5 L 1.0L 7 30 3 l 15000 7.0 10 L 70 1000 G c::: 

~ 

75JW39 5 L 1.0L 7 20 3 L 700 5.0 10 L 20 300 n 

tz:j 75JW40 5 L 1. 5 10 100 3 L 700 2.0 10 L 50 700 sn 75JW41 5 1.0L 1 5 5J 5 1000 5.0 1 5 50 700 

75JW42 5 L 1.0 5 1 5 3 L 3000 1. 5L 10 L 10 150 ~ 

0 75JW44 7 3.0 1 5 150 3 L 700 5.0 10 50 700 n 

75JW46 5 L ~ 1.0L 7 20 7 2000 1.5L 1 0 L 7 70 ~ 75JW47 5 L 1.0 5 2J 3 l 200 1.5L 10 L 5 70 

75JW49 7 1 .OL 20 30 7 SOOJ 3.0 10 20 100 -

< 

75JW51 5 L 1.0L 10 30 3 l 7000 3.0 1 5 30 200 tz:j 

75JW55 5 L 1.0L 10 50 3 20000 7.0 1 5 50 500 ~ 

n 

75AT1 7 5.0 30 15) 3 L 1500J 10.0 10 70 500 

75AT4 5 L 1.(1L 10 50 3 L 2000 2.0 10 L 15 70 ~ 75AT25d 5 L 1.UL 5 30 3 l 5000 3.0 10 L 20 200 to<: 

75AT29 5 L 1.(J 3 30 3 L 10000 5.0 10 L 20 500 0 

75AT30 5 L 1.0L 3 2J 3 5000 5.0 10 L 20 200 .?! 

~ 75AT31 5 L 1. OL 2 20 3 L 20000 5.0 10 L 20 500 

75AT36 5 L 1.0L 3 30 3 L 10000 5.0 10 L 70 500 -

n 

75AT45 5 L 1.0L 7 20 3 L 15000 5.0 10 L 30 500 ::X:: 

75AT46 5 L 1.0L 7 20 5 5000 3.0 10 L 15 300 -

0 

75AT55A 5 L 1.0L 15 5:J 3 L 50 0J 5.0 10 L 70 700 > z 

75AT56 5 L 1.0L 7 30 3 L 3000 5.0 10 70 1000 

75AT58 5 L 1.0L 10 20 3 L 15000 5.0 10 L 50 1000 

75AT65 5 L 1.0L 7 3) 3 L 1000:J 5.0 1 5 30 500 

75AT66 5 5.0 5 200 3 L SOOJ 7.0 10 L 70 700 

75AT69 5 L 1.0L 20 50 5 10000 5.0 1 5 50 1000 

75AT70 5 L 1. CL 10 5:J 3 L 5000 3.0 1 5 30 500 

75JOI56 5 L 1. 5 20 SJ 5 3000 ;~.n 10 L 50 1'ill 
SA~PU. )-')( s- s~·, S- Sll S-TH s-v s- y S-YEl S-ZN S-ZR ASH I 

7S J w 1 2 r. r' 1 5 3CO 1JJ l 1 so 70 7.0 100 700 29.a 

7SJW2 , • ill 5 l , s 2J l 10 s 0.3 30 200 a6.9 

7SJW3 1.'; '> l '0 2) l 1(1 7 0.7 70 1 so 7a.9 

7SJwS 1.'; '; l 70 2J l 1 s 7 0.7 30 300 a2.4 

7S J w~ 1'.>.1' 10 son '>0 1 0~1 30 2.0 200 SOD 79.7 

7SJW12 1. s 5 l 1CU 2J l 1 5 10 1.0 so 30:1 a2.9 

7SJW13A 10.G 5 200 2C.. l so 20 3.0 300 SOD 36.6 

7SJW22 c;.n s l 30C 2J l so 1 s 2.0 soo SOJ 30.9 

7SJw23 s.c 5 l 20L 51J 30 20 2.0 200 300 50.6 

7SJw24 7.l' s 2 00 2J l S I) 20 2.0 150 500 54.5 

7SJW25 5. 0 5 1 sr 2J L 3(} 15 1. 5 300 203 51.2 

75J loi27 1o.n 5 3 on 10~ l 70 20 2.0 300 500 19.5 

75Jw211 3.0 s l 1 so 20 L 20 1 s 1. s 1 5 L SOD 77.0 

75J W37A 10.') 5 son 1 JJ L 70 20 2.0 700 300 20.7 

75JW38 Hl.r s l 70(J 2J L 70 1 5 2.0 700 200 9.5 0 

tz:j 

75Jw39 7.(1 5 30(1 2J L 50 15 2.0 300 300 20.0 0 

75JW40 10.il 10 3(1(1 1 OJ L 50 30 s.o 200 300 15.6 C':l 

75JW41 1C'.L' 7 3l10 1 J J L 70 30 3.D 500 70) 24.0 :I: 

75JW42 z.n 5 l 200 2) L 20 10 1. 5 150 30J so.a tz:j 

7SJW44 1 5. (J ('(I 300 1 DJ L 70 50 3.0 300 SOD 15.2 a:: -

C':l 

7SJW46 3. 0 s 20(' 2D 3C 20 3.0 100 700 72.4 > 7SJW47 3.0 s 1SO 30 30 10 1. 5 1 5 L 30:1 77.6 ~ 

75JW49 10.0 7 200 10J l 70 20 2.0 1SO 500 54.0 00 

75JW51 H'.r, 7 ?00 20 L 70 2J 2.0 300 700 42.1 c::: 

7SJWSS 10.0 7 200 2~ L 1 00 30 2.0 500 700 32. a ~ 

< 

75AT1 ?0.0 sc sou 20 L 2 00 70 s.o 200 70J 18.1 tz:j 

7SA T4 10.0 7 30ll SJ 70 30 2.0 150 700 31.9 ~ 

75AT2SB 7.r. 5 ? 00 2J L so 1 s 1. 5 300 300 14.4 

75AT29 3.r 7 soo 2:) L 30 10 1.0 500 203 , .o 75 A no 5.r '> l 300 20 L 50 1 0 1.0 300 200 17.6 

75AT31 2.0 5 L 500 20 L 15 1Q 1.0 700 73 a. 2 

75A l36 ?.n 7 700 20 L 20 10 0.7 1000 70 5.7 

75AT45 3.n S L 700 20 L 30 10 1.0 700 200 13.7 

7SAT46 3.0 S L 500 20 L 30 15 2.0 500 SO:> u.s 7SAT55A 10. (I 7 500 20 L ?Q 20 2.0 700 SOD 13.9 

7SAT56 7.0 5 1000 20 L 70 20 2.0 700 1 so 7.6 

75ATSe 7.r. 5 L 700 20 L 70 1 5 2.0 700 200 13.0 

75AT65 7. (1 5 500 20 L 70 20 1. s 300 500 18.9 

75AT66 1fl.O lO 700 100 70 70 s.o 500 300 10.0 t-:) 

75AT69 1 n. r, 5 L 500 20 L 100 30 3.0 700 500 9.0 ~ 

75AT70 7.(1 7 1000 20 L 70 2J 3.0 500 500 29.2 

75JWS6 15.0 7 300 70 100 33 5.0 30 soo 64.3 
TABLE I.-Analysis of rock, soi~ forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and 

vicinity, Alger County, Mich. -Continued 

Stream Sediment samples, (4 6) 

SAMPLE X-COORD. Y-COORD. S-FE% S-'lGX S- CA% S-T IX s-su S-AL% S-NAX s-u 75JW7 136925 507200 o.s 0.20 'o .10 0.1 5 30 3.0 0.050 3.0 ~ 

75JW9 1 36900 506550 1.0 0.10 0.20 0.07 20 1. 5 0.070 2.0 ~ 

75JW11 1 36000 501>225 1.0 0.15 0.20 0.10 30 2.0 0.150 2.0 75JW13 134450 506460 0.7 Q.15 0. 30 ::1.15 30 3.0 0.300G 2.0 75JW15 136'i100 506050 0.7 0.30 0.30 0.10 30 2.0 0.100 3.0 

75JW16 136860 505700 0.7 0.15 0.20 0.07 30 2.0 0.070 2.0 a= 

1-4 

75JW19 1 36540 505040 0.7 0.20 0 .15 0.03 30 G 1 .o 0.007 0.3 z 75JW21 138525 500900 o.s 0.30 0. 30 J.07 30 G 1 .o 0.010 0.5 tr.l 75JW26 137275 50 5 700 0.5 0.15 0.20 ::1.10 30 G 1 • 5 0.010 0.3 ::c 75JW29 1 37 4 80 503620 0.5 ::1.20 0.20 0.10 30 G 3.0 0.070 1.5G ~ 75JW30 137750 50 30 2 5 1. 5 Q.70 0.20 0.30 30 G 5.0 0.050 3.0 ::c 75JW31 13'1100 502590 1. 5 0.30 0.70 0.07 30 G 2.0 0.050 3.0 tr.l 

75JW33 

75 J w 3 4 

139400 

139200 

501790 

501860 

1.0 

0.7 0.15 

n.2o 0.20 

0.15 

0.20 

0.15 

30 

30 

G 

2.0 

3.0 0.100 

0.050 

3.0 ~ 2.0 c:: 75JW35 139025 501910 1.0 0.30 0.30 0.20 30 3.0 0.070 3.0 ::c 

(") 

75JW36 138850 501950 1.0 0.30 0.70 J.07 30 G 2.0 0.030 1.5G tr.l 75JW37 139940 501480 1. 5 0.1 5 0.30 0.10 30 3.0 0.070 1.5G sn 75JW43 140950 500200 0.5 0.15 0.15 0.10 20 2.0 0.200 2.0 ::c 75JW45 1 39750 499200 0.7 0.10 0.20 0.07 30 G 1 .o 0.150 1.0 0 75JW48 135450 502225 0.7 ::1.50 1.00 :1.07 20 2.0 0.100 3.0 (") 

~ 75JW52 138700 500075 0.3 0.10 0.10 0.05 30 G 2.0 0.100 2.0 ::c 75AT6 138350 506425 0.7 Q.10 0. 50 0.15 30 3.0 2.000 2.0 1-4 

75AT7 1 38600 506180 u.s 0.10 0.15 0.10 < 30 G 2.0 0.100 2.0 tr.l 75 AT9 138300 506025 0.7 J.10 0.20 0.05 30 2.0 o.o7a 1. 5G ::c 75AT11 139160 505775 0.5 0.10 0.15 0.15 30 2.0 0.070 2.0 (") 

75AT13 

75AT15 

139920 

139625 

505500 

505320 0.7 

0.7 

:J.fo 

0.15 0.20 

0.15 

0.07 

0.07 

30 

30 

G 

G 

2.0 

2.0 

0.100 

0.100 1.5G 

2.0 ~ to<: 75AT16B 139625 505025 0.5 0.15 0.20 0.07 30 G 2.0 0.100 3.0 0 75AT19 

75AT21 

140360 

137050 

504000 

502200 

0.7 

0.5 0.20 

Q.1 5 

0.10 

::1.30 

0.07 

Q. 1 5 

30 

30 G 

G 

3.0 

2.0 

0.100 

0.070 

3.0 

3.0 ~ 

a= 75AT23 1 37 000 502480 0.7 o.so 1 .oo 0.07 30 2.0 0.050 3.0 1-4 

(") 75AT37 137575 505350 0.3 0.07 0.15 0.05 30 G 2.0 0.100 2.0 ::t 75AT39 137715 504700 1.0 0.20 0.15 :1.07 30 2.0 0.030 1.5G 1-4 

75AT40 137675 504250 1.0 0.15 0. 20 0.10 30 G 3.0 0.150 3.0 0 75AT47 1 39850 501900 1.0 0.30 0.30 0.10 30 3.0 0.100 3.0 > z 75AT49 139425 502080 0.7 0.1 5 0.30 0.10 30 3.0 0.070 1. 5G 75AT54 138500 503200 1.0 0.20 0.15 0.10 30 G 2.0 0.070 2.0 75AT55 1 38 540 503275 0.5 0.15 0.20 0.07 30 G 2.0 0.100 2.0 75AT59 139725 502440 0.7 0.1 5 0.20 0.07 30 G 2.0 0.200 2.0 75 AT 6 2 140275 501600 1.0 0.20 0. 30 0.10 30 3.0 0.100 5.0 

75AT64 140475 501300 0.7 0.10 0.20 0.07 30 2.0 0.050 3.0 75AT67 141975 50 34 2 5 0.7 0.10 0.20 0.07 30 2.0 0.100 1.5G 
SAMPLE S-PX S-AG S-B s-aA S-BE s-co S-CE s-co S-CR s-cu 

75JW7 0.07L 0.5L 100 300 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 50 15.0 

75JW9 0.07L O.SL 20 SOD 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 15 30.0 

75J W11 0.07 O.SL 20 200 1 L 30 L 50 L 1. 5 10 30.0 

75JW13 0.07L O.SL 10 70J 1 L 30 L 50 L 1 .o 7 10.0 

75JW15 0.07L 0.5L 50 5 00 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 20 15.0 

75JW16 0.07L 0.5L 70 300 1 L 30 L 50 L 5.0 15 10.0 

75JW19 0.07L O.SL 15 100 1 L 30 L 50 L 1. 5 15 10.0 

75JW21 0.07L 0.5 20 100 1 L 30 L 50 L 2.0 7 L 70.0 

75JW26 0.07 0.5L 20 100 1 L 30 L 100 5.0 7 20.0 

75JW29 0.07 O.SL 70 500 1 L 30 L 50 L 20.0 20 10.0 

75JW30 0.10 0.5L 200 30J 3 30 L 50 7.0 30 15.0 

75J w31 0.07 0.5L 70 500 1 30 L 50 L 5.0 15 30.0 

75JW33 0.07 O.SL 50 300 1 L 30 L 50 L 5.0 7 15.0 

75JW34 0.07 O.SL 30 300 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 15 7.0 

75JW35 0.07 0.5L 70 500 1 L 30 L 100 10.0 15 10.0 0 

t_:l:j 

75JW36 0.07L 0.5L 20 300 1 L 30 L 50 L 7.0 15 15.0 0 75 J w 3 7 0.10 0.5L 30 700 1 L 30 L 50 20.0 15 10.0L C':) 

75J W43 o. 07L O.SL 20 30l) 1 L 30 L 50 3.0 7 7.0 ::I: 75JW45 o. 07L 0.5L s 200 1 L 30 L 50 L 1.5' 15 1.0L t_:l:j 

75JW48 o. 07L O.SL 20 200 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 10 10.0 =:: -

C':) 

75JW52 0.07L O.SL 1 s 300 1 L 30 L 50 L 2.0 20 1. OL > 75 A T6 0. 07L 0.5L 20 700 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 7 1.0L t"'4 75AT7 o.on ll.SL 50 50J 1 L 30 L 50 L 2.0 20 20.0 00 75AT9 0.10 O.SL 20 SOQ 1 L 30 L 50 L 10.0 15 10.0 c:: 75AT11 0.0 7L 0.5L 1 5 300 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 20 3.0 ~ 75AT13 0.07 0.5L 50 500 1 L 30 L 50 L 15.0 15 20.0 t_:l:j 

75AT15 0.07L 0.5L 70 SOJ 1 L 30 L 50 L 10.0 15 10.0 ....:: 

75AT16B 0. 0 7L 0.5L 20 500 1 L 30 L 50 L 5.0 15 10.0 

75AT19 0.07 O.SL 30 500 1 L 30 L 70 5.0 20 20.0 

75AT21 0. 0 7L 0.5L 30 500 1 L 30 L 50 L 10.0 20 10.0 

75AT23 0.07 0.5L 30 500 1 L 30 L 70 20.0 15 10.0 

75AT37 0.07 O.SL 30 500 1 L 30 L 50 L 2.0 7 2.0 

75AT39 0.07L 0.5L 20 300 1 L 30 L 70 10.0 20 10.0 

75AT40 o.o7L O.SL 20 700 1 L 30 L 50 L 5.0 30 2.0 

75 AT 4 7 0.07 0.5L 70 '>OJ 1 L 30 L 50 L 7.0 30 20.0 

75AT49 o.on 0.5L 50 500 1 L 30 L 70 7.0 15 10.0 

75AT54 0.07 0.5L 50 500 1 L 30 L 70 5.0 30 10.0L 

75AT55 0.07L 0.5L 20 500 1 L 30 

- 50 L 5.0 20 1.5 

75AT59 0.07L 0.5L so 500 1 L 30 "' 50 L 5.0 15 20 .o t..:> 75AT62 0.07 C.5L 50 70J 1 L 30 L 50 L 20.0 30 15.0 01 

75AT64 0.07 0.5L 70 500 1 L 3{) L 50 L 10.0 20 5.0 

75AT67 0.10 0.5L 20 300 1 L 30 L 50 L 2.0 7 2.0 
TABLE I.-Analysis of rock, soi~ forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and 

vicinity, Alger County, Mich. -Continued 

SAMPLE S-Ek S-EU S -GA S-LA S -LU S-'!N S-MO S-NB S-NI S-PB 

75JW7 5 l 1.0L 7 1 5 7 L 20J 2 L 1 5 L 1 o.o 5 !:>.:> 

75JW9 5 L 1.UL 3 1 5 7 L ?O:J 2 L 15 L 2.0 10 0') 

75JW11 5 L 1.0L 5 1 5 l 7 L zoo 5 1 5 L 2.0 5 75JW1~ s l 1.0L 5 15 L 7 L 20J 2 L 1 5 L 1. 0 L 5 

75JW15 5 L 1.0L 5 1 5 L 7 L 700 2 L 1 5 L 1 o.o 5 

75JW16 5 L 1.UL 3 1 5 L 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 5 a= 

75JW19 5 L 1. 5 2 1 5 L 7 L ?O::l 2 L 1 5 L 1.0L 2 -z 

75JW21 5 L 1 .lil 2 L ?::l 7 L ~00 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 5 tz:j 

75Jio26 7 1.0L 2 L 30 7 7000 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 3 ~ 

75JW29 7 1.0 5 1 5 7 700 2 L 1 5 L zo.o 7 > t"' 

75JW30 5 1. 5 10 20 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 15.0 7 ~ 

75JW!1 5 L 1.!'L 5 2J 7 L 700 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 15 tz:j 

75 

75JW34 

J w 33 5 L 

5 L 

1.0L 

1. (ll 

5 15 L 7 L 2D:J 2 L 1 5 L 7.0 10 ~ 3 1 5 L 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 7 c 75JW35 5 L 1.0L 5 5J 7 L SOD 2 L 1 5 L 1 o. 0 10 ~ 

0 

75Jw36 5 L 1.0L 3 1 5 7 L 3noo 2 L 1 5 L 7.0 7 tz:j 

75JW37 5 L 1.UL 7 15 L 7 L 1(100 2 L 1 5 L 30.0 15 rn 

75JW43 5 1. 5 5 20 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 5 ~ 75JW45 5 L 1.0L 2 15 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 1. 5 5 0 

75JW48 5 l 1.0L 3 15 L 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 30 0 

:;.::: 

75Jio52 5 L 1. OL 5 1 5 L 7 L 150 2 L 1 5 L 1. 5 7 ~ 

75AT6 5 L 1 .o 5 1 5 L 7 L 700 7 1 5 L 3.0 10 -

< 75AT7 5 L 1.0L 5 1 5 L 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 10 tz:j 75 AT9 5 L 1.0L 3 1 5 L 7 L 2000 2 L 1 5 L 15.0 10 ~ 75AT11 5 L 1.0L 5 15 L 7 L 300 10 1 5 L 5.0 7 0 

75 AT 13 5 L 1 .OL 5 1 5 L 7 L 1000 3 1 5 L 1 5. 0 10 ~ 75AT15 5 L 1.DL 5 15 L 7 L 50::l 2 L 1 5 L 15.0 10 to<: 75AT16£l 5 L 1.() 5 1 5 L 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 7.0 10 0 

75 A T19 5 L 1. 5 5 15 L 7 L ~00 15 1 5 L 1 o.o 15 ~ 75AT21 5 1. OL 5 1 5 L 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 10.0 10 a= 

75AT23 5 L 1 .OL 5 2J 7 L 70::l 1 5 1 5 L 30.0 10 -

0 

75 AT 37 5 L 1 .o 3 15 L 7 L 100 5 1 5 L 3.0 7 ::I: 

75 A T39 5 L 1.0L 3 15 L 7 L 30::l 15 15 L 7.0 10 -0 75AT40 5 L 1 .OL 7 1 5 L 7 L 30J 2 L 1 5 L 7.0 10 

75AT47 5 L 1.(]L 7 15 L 7 L 200 J 5 15 L 15.0 1 5 > z 

75AT49 5 L 1.0L 5 1 5 L 7 L 100J 15 1 5 L 1 o. 0 10 

75AT54 5 L 1.DL 5 2J 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 1 5 

75AT55 5 L 1. 5 5 1 5 L 7 L 300 10 1 5 L 7.0 7 

75AT59 5 1. 5 5 15 L 7 L 300 7 15 L 1 o.o 7 75AT62 5 L 1.0 7 15 L 7 L 3000 2 L 1 5 L 15.0 1 5 

75AT64 5 L 1. OL 3 1 5 L 7 L l::lOO 2 L 1 5 L 10.0 10 

75AT67 5 L 1. 5 3 15 L 7 L 700 2 L 1 5 L 7.0 5 
SAMPLE s-se S-SM S-SR S-TH s-v S-Y S-YB S-ZN S-ZR 

75JW7 s.o 7 L 70 53 L 30 10 1.0 1 5 L 1 50 

75JW9 3.0 7 L so S:J L 1 5 10 0.7 50 100 

75JW11 2.0 7 L 70 SO L 30 10 1.0 50 100 

75J W13 2.0 7 L 100 50 L 1 5 1 5 1.0 1 5 L 1 50 

75JW15 s.o 7 L 70 50 L 20 15 1.0 30 1 50 

75JW16 s.o 7 L 70 50 L 20 15 2.0 50 1 50 

75JW19 5.0 7 L 1 5 SO L 10 10 1.0 50 300 

75 J W21 3.0 7 L so 50 L 1 5 5 0.5 70 70 

75JW26 2.0 10 15 50 L 10 20 2.0 1 5 L 2000 

75JW29 5.0 7 L 70 50 L 1 5 10 2.0 50 200 

75JW30 7.0 7 L 70 50 L 30 20 3.0 1 5 L 700 

75J W31 5.0 7 L 70 SJ L 1 5 15 2.0 150 200 

75JW33 3.0 7 L 70 50 L 20 1 5 2.0 1 5 L 1 50 

75JW34 3.0 7 L 50 50 L 20 1 5 1. 5 15 L 500 0 

75JW35 7.0 7 70 SO L 30 30 5.0 1 5 L 700 tzj 

0 75J W36 7.0 7 L 70 5::1 L 1 5 30 3.0 30 200 (1 

75J W37 5.0 7 L 100 50 L 20 15 2.0 30 500 := 

75JW43 3.0 7 L 50 50 L 10 20 2.0 1 5 L 300 tzj 

75JW45 1. 0 7 L 30 50 L 1 5 5 o.s 20 100 ==:: 

75JW48 s.o 7 L 70 53 L 1 5 10 0.7 30 1 50 

-(1 

75JW52 1.S 7 L so S:J L 10 7 1.0 30 100 :> 

75AT6 2.0 7 L 100 SO L 1 5 1 5 2.0 1 5 L 1 50 t-t 

00 75AT7 2.0 7 L 70 SO L 1 5 10 1 • 0 1 5 L 1 50 ~ 75AT9 2.0 7 L 70 SO L 1 5 10 0.5 50 70 

75 AT 11 s.o 7 L 70 50 L 1 5 1 5 1 • 5 1 5 L 300 ~ 75AT13 7.0 7 L 70 SO L 1 5 20 3.0 50 200 tzj 

~ 75AT15 s.o 7 L 70 50 L 20 1 5 1. 5 50 300 

75AT16B 3.0 7 L 70 50 L 15 10 1 • 0 30 1 50 

75AT19 s.o 7 L 70 53 L 20 20 2.0 1 5 L 300 

75AT21 5.0 7 L 70 50 L 15 15 1.0 70 300 

75AT23 s.o 7 L 70 50 L 1 5 20 1. 5 30 200 

75A T37 1. 0 7 L 70 SJ L 10 5 0.5 30 70 

75A T39 7.0 7 L 70 50 L 20 1 5 1.5 30 700 

75AT40 3.0 7 L 70 50 L 20 10 1.5 50 300 

75AT47 3.0 7 L 100 50 L 30 10 0.7 70 100 

75AT49 3.0 7 L 70 50 L 20 1 0 1.0 70 1 50 

75AT54 7.0 7 L 70 50 L 20 20 2.0 1 5 L 1000 

75AT55 3.0 7 L 70 50 L 1 5 10 1.0 20 150 

75AT59 5.0 7 L 70 50 L 20 15 1.5 50 1 50 t.,j 75AT62 3.0 7 L 100 50 L 20 1J 1 • 0 1 5 L 100 -l 75AT64 5.0 7 L 70 50 L ,5 1 5 2.0 50 500 75AT67 3.0 7 L 70 50 L 1 5 20 3.0 50 100 
TABLE !.-Analysis of rock, soi~ forest litter (mor), and stream sediment samples collected by Whitlow and Geraci from Rock River Canyon and 

vicinity, Alger County, Mich. -Continued 

SAMPLE X-COORD. Y-COORD. S-FEX S-MG% s-cAX S-TIX s-s u S-AL% S-NAX S-KX 

75AT68 141700 505450 0.7 0.15 0.15 0.07 30 3.0 0.100 3.0 

75AT71 1 36125 500750 0.5 0.30 0.70 0.05 30 2.0 0.100 3.0 

75AT72 136375 504250 0.5 0.10 0.15 0.03 30 1. 5 0.050 2.0 

75AT73 136450 504215 0.7 0.07 0.15 0.03 20 1.0 0.050 2.0 

SAMPLE S-P% S-AG S-B S-!:IA S -BE s -co s-eE s-co S-CR s-cu 

75AT68 0.07 O.SL 30 500 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 30 10.0 

75AT71 0.10 O.SL 30 500 1 L 30 L 50 L 3.0 7 1. OL 

75AT72 0. 07L O.SL 20 500 1 L 30 L 50 L 1 .OL 10 2.0 

75 AT 7 3 o.on 0.5L 1 5 SOD 1 L 3J L 50 L 10.0 5 10.0 

SAMPLE S-ER S-EU S-GA S-LA S-LU S-MN S-MO S-NB S-NI S-PB 

75 AT 68 5 L 1.0 5 1 5 L 7 L 700 2 L 1 5 L 5.0 7 75AT71 5 L 1.0L 3 15 L 7 L 300 2 L 1 5 L 3.0 5 75AT72 5 L 1.0L 2 15 L 7 L 200 2 L 1 5 L 1. 5 2 

75AT73 5 L 1.0L 2 L 15 L 7 L '500 2 L 1 5 L 7.0 2 

SArt,PLE s-s c S-SM S-SR S-TH s-v S-Y S-YB S-ZN S-ZR 

75AT68 5.0 7 L 70 50 L 15 1 5 3.0 50 300 

75A T71 1. 5 7 L 100 70 1 5 5 0.2 1 5 70 

75AT7<> s.o 7 L 50 50 10 1 5 1.0 1 5 100 

75 AT73 2.0 7 L 70 50 10 5 0.3 200 70 

~ 

00 

~ 1-4 

z 

tz:j 

~ 

> t"'4 

~ tz:j 

~ c 

~ 

(") 

tz:j 

sn 

~ 

0 

(") 

~ 

~ 1-4 

< tz:j 

~ 

(") 

> 

~ 0 

,?: 

~ 1-4 

(") 

:I: 

1-4 

0 

> z 
GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY 29 

TABLE 2.-Range and median values for 35 elements in rock samples from Rbck River 

Canyon and vicinity, Alger County, Mich. 

[Symbols: L,less than value shown; G, greater than upper limit of determination] 

Rock samples 

Munising Formation Jacobsville Sandstone 

24 samples 6 samples 

Element High Low Median High Low Median 

Percent 

Fe ------------ 1.0 0.07 0.15 1.0 0.15 0.3 

Mg ----------- 7 .05 .1 .5 .05 .1 

Ca ------------ 7 .02 .2 .15 .05 .1 

Ti ------------ .3 .01 .05 .3 .07 .1 

Si------------- 30G 10 30 30 30 30 

Al ------------ 5 .15 .7 5 1.5 2 

Na ------------ .05 .007L .007L .07 .007L .05 

K------------- 5 .07 .7 3 .2 2 

p ------------- 10 .07L .07L .07 .07 .07 

Parts per million 

Ag ------------ .03 .1L .1L .15 .1L .1 

B ------------ 100 3L 10 70 30 50 

Ba ------------ 500 20 70 700 30 500 

Be ------------ 1.5 .7L .7L 1.5 .7L .7L 

Ce ------------ 70 30L 30L 100 30L 70 

Co ------------ 10 1L 3 3 2 3 

Cr ------------ 50 3 15 20 5 7 

Cu ------------ 30 3 10 10 3 7 

Er ------------ 10L 10L 10L 10L 10L 10L 

Eu ------------ 2 1.5L 1.5L 2 1.5L 1.5L 

Ga ------------ 1 2L 2L 10 2 5 

La ------------ 30 10L 10 30 10L 20 

Mn ----------- 15,000 30 70 300 70 150 

Mo ----------- 2 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 

Nb ------------ 10 3L 3L 10 2L 7 

Ni ------------ 15 5L 5L 15 5L 7 

Pb ------------ 30 10L 10L 15 10L 10L 

Sc ------------ 10 1L 2 7 2 2 

Sm ----------- 50L 50L 50L 50L 50L 50L 

Sr ------------ 100 15 30 50 20 30 

Th ------------ 30 20L 20L 20L 20L 20L 

v ------------- 70 5 10 20 7 15 

y ------------- 20 2 7 30 10 20 

Yb ------------ 3 .15 .5 3 1 2 

Zn ------------ 50 20L 20L 20L 20L 20L 

Zr ------------ 500 30 150 500 150 200 
30 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

TABLE 3.-Range and median values for 36 elements in soil samples from Rock River 

Canyon and vicinity, Alger County, Mich. 

(Samples divided according to stratigraphic unit that is bedrock at sample site. Symbols used: L, less than value 

shown; G, greater than upper limit of determination) 

Soil samples 

On the Munising Formation On the Au Train Formation 

24 samples 17 samples 

Content Content 

Element High Low Median High Low Median 

Percent 

Fe ------------- 5 0.7 1.5 2 0.7 1.5 

Mg ------------ .5 .05 .2 .5 .07 1.5 

Ca ------------- 1.0 .3 1.0 .1 .5 

Ti ------------- .7 .15 .3 .5 .2 .3 

Si ------------- 30G 15 30G 30G 20 30G 

AJ ------------- 10 2 5 7 3 7 

Na ------------- .3G .1 .3G .3G .1 .3G 

K-------------- 7 1.0 3 7 .7 2 

p -------------- .3 .05 .1 .3 .05 .1 

Parts per million 

Ag ------------- 0.5L .5L .5L .5L .5L .5L 

B -------------- 70 .2L 50 70 20 50 

Ba ------------- 1,000 200 700 1,000 500 700 

Be ------------- 3 1.5L 1.5 15 1.5L 1.5 

Ce ------------- 200 30L 30L 500 30L 30L 

Co ------------- 20 1L 20 7 1L 2 

Cr ------------- 100 10 20 70 10 30 

Cu ------------- 50 1L 1L 300 1L 5 

Er ------------- 7 5L 5L 15 5L 5L 

Eu ------------- 2 1L 1L 5 1L 1L 

Ga ------------- 20 5 10 15 5 10 

La ------------- 50 10L 10 70 10L 15 

Lu ------------- 7L 7L 7L 7L 7L 7L 

Mn ------------ 7,000 70 150 15,000 150 300 

Mo ------------ 2L 2L 2L 10 2L 2L 

Nb ------------- 15L 15L 15L 15L 15L 15L 

Ni ------------- 30 1.5 3 70 2 5 

Ph ------------- 50 2 15 150 7 15 

Sc ------------- 10 1.5 3 10 1.5 3 

Sm ------------ 10 7L 7L 10 7L 7L 

Sr ------------- 150 30 100 150 70 100 

Th ------------- 100 50L 50L 100 50L 50L 

v -------------- 100 15 30 150 15 30 

y -------------- 50 7 20 100 10 20 

Yb ------------- 5 1 2 7 1 3 

Zn ------------- 70 15L 15L 70 15L 15L 

Zr ------------- 700 100 200 700 150 300 
GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY 31 

TABLE 4.-Range and median values for 36 elements in forest litter samples from Rock 

River Canyon and vicinity, Alger County, Mich. 

[Samples divided according to stratigraphic unit that is bedrock at sampled site. Symbols used: L, less than value 

shown; G, greater than upper limit of determination] 

Forest litter 

On the Munising Formation On the Au Train Formation 

27 samples 15 samples 

Element High Low Median High Low Median 

Percent 

Fe------------------- 10 1.0 2 5 0.5 1.5 

Mg ------------------ 2 .15 1 1.5 .07 

Ca ------------------ 15 .2 .5 15 .1 2 

Ti ------------------- .5 .05 .2 .5 .05 .5 

Si ------------------- 30G 20 30G 30G 20 30G 

AI ------------------- 7 2 3 10 .7 2 

Na ------------------ .3G .15 .3G .3G .05 .3G 

K ------------------- 5 .7 1.5 10 .7 1.5 

p ------------------- 2 .15 1.0 2 .07 .3 

Parts per million 

Ag ------------------ 20 5L 0.7 3 .5L .5L 

B ------------------- 200 30 100 200 10 50 

Ba ------------------ 15,000 150 700 1,000 150 700 

Be ------------------ 7 1L 2 5 1L 1L 

Cd ------------------ 100 10L 20 30 10L 10L 

Ce------------------- 700 50L 70 100 50L 50L 

Co ------------------ 70 1.5 7 20 1 5 

Cr------------------- 100 10 20 100 10 20 

Cu ------------------ 500 7 150 500 5 30 

Er------------------- 7 5L 5L 7 5L 5L 

Eu ------------------ 5 1L 1L 1.5 1L 1L 

Ga ------------------ 30 3 7 20 2L 5 

La ------------------ 200 10 30 50 5 20 

Mn ------------------ 15,000 500 5,000 20,000 200 3,000 

Mo ------------------ 50 0.5L 3 7 1.5L 2 

Nb ------------------ 20 10L 10L 15 10L 10L 

Ni------------------- 70 7 50 50 5 20 

Ph ------------------ 1,000 50 500 500 30 150 

Sc ------------------- 20 2 5 15 1L 3 

Srn ------------------ 50 5L 5L 7 5L 5L 

Sr ------------------- 1,000 100 500 500 15 200 

Th ------------------ 100 20L 20L 70 20L 20L 

v ------------------- 200 15 70 100 10 30 

y ------------------- 70 10 20 30 5 15 

Yb ------------------ 7 .7 2 5 .3 1.5 

Zn ------------------ 1,000 70 500 700 15L 150 

Zr ------------------- 700 70 300 700 70 300 
32 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

TABLE 5.-Analyses of rock samples collected by P. C. Mory from 

[Analyses perfonned by U.S. Bureau of Mines, Reno Metallurgy Research Center, Reno, Nev. 

graphically but not detected unless otherwise noted in footnote: Ag, As, Au, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, 

greater than 3 percent; Cr content less than 0.003 percent; Cu content less than 0.004 perSymbols used: >, greater than upper limit of determination; <, detected but less than lower 

detection limit. Fonnation designations: J s, Jacobsville Sandstone; Mf, Munising Fonnation; 

General spectrographic analyses 

Sample (~rcent) 

number Al B Ca Fe 

201 1 2 ----------------- >3 <0.01 <0.02 0.2 

202 ------------------- .4 <.01 .4 

203 ------------------- 1 <.01 .04 .5 

2043 ------------------ 1 <.01 .1 .9 

205 ------------------- .2 <.01 <.02 .2 

206 ------------------- .7 <.01 .l .4 

2072 ------------------ .3 <.01 .2 

208 ------------------- .6 <.01 .3 

2094 ------------------ >3 <.01 .04 .4 

210 ------------------- .3 <.01 <.02 .4 

211 ------------------- .07 <.02 .1 

2122 ------------------ .7 <.01 <.02 .3 

2133 5 ----------------- >3 <.01 <.02 .7 

2143 ------------------ 1 <.01 1 

215 1 2 ----------------- .4 <.01 .04 .3 

2162 ------------------ .7 <.01 .1 1.2 

217 ------------------- .6 <.01 <.02 .2 

218 ------------------- .07 .1 .7 

219 ------------·------- .07 .4 

2202 ------------------ .08 <.01 .3 

221 ------------------- .1 <.01 .04 .4 

222 ------------------- .1 <.01 <.02 .3 

223 ------------------- .8 <.01 <.02 .5 

2242 ------------------ .1 <.01 <.02 .7 

. 225 ------------------- .1 <.01 .1 .4 

226 ------------------- .06 <.01 .1 

2276 7 ----------------- .3 >2 .7 

2288 ------------------ .1 <.01 1 .2 

2299 ------------------ .03 .4 

23010 ----------------- .3 <.01 >2 >4 

231 11 ----------------- >3 <.01 >2 >4 

23212 ----------------- .08 >2 .1 

2332 ------------------ .07 .1 

234 ------------------- .05 <.01 <.02 .4 

2352 ------------------ .08 <.01 <.02 .3 

2368 13 ---------------- .07 <.01 >2 .4 

1 Contains 2.9 percent Al by neutron activation analysis. 2 Contains less than 0.02 percent U30 8 by radiometric technique. 3 Contains less than O.OQ4 percent Co by spectrographic analysis. 4 Contains 4.8 percent Al by neutron activation analysis. 5 Contains 4.6 percent Al by neutron activation analysis. 

Mg 

0.09 

.02 

.2 

.3 

.007 

.3 

.008 

.007 

.08 

.01 

.003 

.04 

.09 

.09 

.02 

.1 

.01 

.01 

.01 

.5 

.002 

.003 

.08 

.08 

.3 

.007 

>3 

.9 

.009 

1.2 

1.2 

>3 

.008 

.01 

.007 

>3 

Mn 

0.05 

.03 

.009 

.03 

.03 

.06 

<.003 

.006 

.005 

.003 

<.003 

.003 

.003 

.006 

<.003 

.007 

<.003 

.006 

.007 

.03 

<.003 

<.003 

.01 

.01 

.01 

<.003 

.07 

.02 

.007 

.06 

.06 

.03 

<.003 

<.003 

<.003 

.06 

Mo 

<0.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

<.001 

6 Contains less than 0.001 percent Ag by spectrographic analysis and 0.02 oz/ton Ag by fire assay. 7 Contains 6.8 percent Mg by atomic absorption analysis. 

Na 

0.1 

.08 

.1 

.08 

.09 

.04 

.08 

.09 

.09 

<.02 

<.02 
GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY 33 

the Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area, Alger County, Mich. 

Samples are random chips every 2 to 10 em through interval noted. Elements tested for spectroCo, Ca, Hf, In, La, Li, Nb, P, Pt, Re, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Tl, W, Y, Zn. All samples showed: Si content 

cent. A possible error of plus 100 percent to minus 50 percent of reported concentration assumed. 

limit of determination;-, not detected and hence may be present only in amounts below the lower 

Atf, Au Train Formation] 

General spectrographic analyses Sample 

(percent) interval Formation and 

Ni Pb Ta Ti v Zr (meters) sample description 

<0.008 0.03 <0.006 <0.004 2.44 J s, sandstone. 

.01 <.004 3.51 J s, sandstone. 

<0.002 <0.01 <.008 .06 <.006 <.004 2.44 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 <.008 . 08 .006 .008 5.49 Mf, sandstone . 

. 006 1.07 J s, sandstone . 

<.002 <.01 <.008 .03 <.006 .008 3.96 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 .01 .01 1.01 J s, sandstone. 

.02 <.006 <.004 2.68 J s, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 <.008 .06 <.006 .007 12.19 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 <.008 .1 <.006 <.004 2.13 Mf, sandstone. 

.006 <.006 4.42 Mf, sandstone. 

<.01 .03 <.006 <.004 6.40 J s, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 .07 <.006 .01 6.10 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 .07 <.006 .008 5.49 Mf, sandstone. 

.02 <.006 <.004 1.68 J s, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 .06 <.006 <.004 2.44 J s, sandstone. 

<.01 .03 <.006 <.004 3.66 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 .006 <.006 <.004 3.20 Mf, sandstone. 

.006 3.66 Mf, sandstone. 

<.01 .003 2.90 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 .006 <.004 1.52 Mf, conglomerate. 

<.002 .008 <.004 . 91 Mf, sandstone . 

<.002 .01 <.008 .06 <.006 .007 1.37 Mf, sandstone. 

<.008 .01 <.006 <.004 6.40 Mf, sandstone. 

<.01 .005 <.006 2.59 Atf, dolomitic sandstone. 

<.002 .005 <.004 5.49 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 <.01 .009 <.006 <.004 1.37 Atf, dolomitic sandstone. 

.008 <.006 1.68 Atf, sandy dolomite with 

glauconite. 

<.01 .008 <.006 4.57 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 .01 <.006 <.004 Atf, glauconite. 

<.01 .06 <.006 .008 2.59 Atf, sandy dolomite with 

glauconite. 

.006 1.98 Atf, sandy dolomite. 

.005 6.55 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 .01 <.006 <.004 2.90 J s, sandstone. 

.01 .009 <.006 6.71 Mf, sandstone. 

<.002 .003 <.006 4.27 Atf, sandy dolomite with 

glauconite. 

8 Contains approximately 1 percent glauconite by petrographic determination. 9 Contains less than 0.001 percent Ag by spectrographic analysis and zero Ag by fire assay. 1

° Contains less than 0.001 percent Be by spectrographic analysis and 5 to 7 percent glauconite by petrographic 

determination. 11 Contains 3 to 5 percent glauconite by petrographic determination. 12 Contains 5 percent Mg by atomic absorption analysis. 13 Contains 5.4 percent Mg by atomic absorption analysis. 
34 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

TABLE 6.-Partial chemical analyses of four samples collected by P. C. Mory from the 

Munising Formation (Miners Castle Member) from Rock River Canyon Wilderness 

Study Area 

Sample 

interval1 Sample 

number (metersl Si02 Al20 3 Fe20 3 Ti02 Na20 K20 

211 -------------------------------------------- 4.42 96.1 0.76 0.78 0.11 0.013 0.59 

218 -------------------------------------------- 3.20 94.9 .53 1.72 .22 .010 .34 

226 -------------------------------------------- 5.49 96.6 .53 1.19 .11 .012 .35 

233 -------------------------------------------- 6.40 96.0 .45 .83 .11 .015 .28 

1

Samples are random chips taken every 5-10 em through the interval noted. 

GEOPHYSICAL-DATA INTERPRETATION 

BY ELIZABETH R. KING, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

The Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area was included in an 

aeromagnetic survey by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1961 as part of 

an extensive program to locate potential mineral resources, particularly iron ore deposits, in northern Michigan (Case and Gair, 1965; 

Zietz and Kirby, 1971). The magnetic data consist of north-south aeromagnetic profiles spaced 1.6 km apart and recorded at 152m above the 

ground. The data have been used to make two contoured magnetic 

maps (fig. 6), one having a contour interval of 50 gammas and the other 

having larger contour intervals (fig. 7). 

0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS 

FIGURE G.-Aeromagnetic map of part of Michigan, which includes the Rock River 

Canyon Wilderness Study Area (from Case and Gair, 1965). 
8r 86°45' 86°30' 

0 5 10 15 20 KILOMETERS 

I I I I I 

FIGURE 7.-Aeromagnetic map of part of Michigan, which includes the Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study 

Area (from Zietz and Kirby, 1971). 

0 

t_::l:j 

0 

""0 

:I: 

to<: 

00 

~ 

(":) 

~ ~ > 

t_::l:j 

~ 

~ 

""0 

~ 

t_::l:j 

~ 

~ 

~ 

0 

z 

c.o 

en 
36 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

FIGURE B.-Portion of the Bouguer gravity map of the northern Michigan-Lake 

Superior area. Contour interval is 5 mGal. Station locations are shown by dots. 

(Klasner and others, 1978.) 

The study area is covered also by regional gravity data (fig. 8) consisting of Bouguer gravity values recorded at stations spaced 1.5 to 

6.5 km apart and contoured at 5-mGal intervals (Klasner and others, 

1978). 

The magnetic data are useful for determining the presence or 

absence of rocks containing magnetite or other less common magnetic 

minerals. In the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, several types of 

Precambrian crystalline basement rocks are associated with magnetic 

anomalies and quite commonly with gravity anomalies. West of the 

study area, these rocks are exposed and can be correlated with distinctive magnetic patterns. The study area is underlain entirely by 

sedimentary rocks that contain little or no magnetite; therefore, the 

magnetic anomalies reveal information about the crystalline rocks 

beneath the sedimentary rocks. 

The Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area is north of a combined magnetic and gravity positive anomaly, the crest of which is 

about 4 km south-southwest of the center of the study area (figs. 6 and 

7). The configuration of magnetic contours north of the positive 
GEOPHYSICAL-DATA INTERPRETATION 37 

anomaly is exceptionally smooth and delineates a broad magnetic low 

that includes the study area Gravity intensity decreases northward 

toward a minimum offshore in Lake Superior. 

The magnetic low in which the study area is located is bounded on 

the east by a large positive magnetic anomaly having a maximum in 

the vicinity of Grand Island (fig. 7). A partially coincident gravity high 

trends southeast from the town of Munising on the shore of Lake 

Superior. This magnetic anomaly is traceable northwestward to the 

Keweenawan volcanic rocks of the Keweenaw Peninsula, which give 

rise to very large positive magnetic and gravity anomalies. The Grand 

Island magnetic anomaly is much smoother and has more gentle gradients than the Keweenaw anomaly because the source rocks are 

buried under a thick cover of nonmagnetic sedimentary rocks. Basins 

filled with sedimentary rocks such as the Jacobsville Sandstone 

typically border and, in many places, overlie the volcanic rocks. These 

sedimentary basins are marked by magnetic lows or areas of smooth 

magnetic pattern similar to the broad magnetic low in the area that includes the Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area Because of the 

broad magnetic low in the study area, it is inferred that a thick section 

of nonmagnetic sedimentary rock underlies the area Sedimentary 

rocks exposed in the study area are composed of the relatively thin section of the Au Train and Munising Formations and less than 15m of 

the upper part of the Jacobsville Sandstone that has an unknown 

thickness in the area Lane and Seaman (1907, p. 691) report more than 

366m of Jacobsville Sandstone at Grand Marais 80 km N. 70° E. of 

Rock River Falls. 

Most of the Precambrian iron formation in the economic iron districts of the Lake Superior region is delineated by sharp linear 

magnetic anomalies. No such anomalies are present in the Rock River 

Canyon Wilderness Study Area; therefore, any significant amounts of 

iron ore probably are either absent or too deeply buried to be detected. 

OWNERSHIP OF SURFACE AND MINERAL RIGHTS 

SURFACE-RIGHTS OWNERSHIP 

Alger County courthouse and U.S. Forest Service records indicate 

that all of the study area was in private ownership until1935. Most of 

the surface rights were acquired by the Federal Government between 

1935 and 1947 under either the Weeks Act (1911) or the ClarkeMcNary Act (1924). The Forest Service administers all lands having 

surface rights owned by the Federal Government, which includes 78 

percent of the study area (fig. 9). 
38 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

R.21 W. 

0 

EXPLANATION 

31 Section number 

~ 

~Federal surface-rights 

ownership (as of 

August 1975) 

2 

--- Wilderness study area 

boundary 

3 KILOMETERS 

FIGURE 9.-Federal surface-rights ownership, Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study 

Area. 

MINERAL-RIGHTS OWNERSHIP 

Although the Federal Government owns 78 percent of the surface 

rights in the study area, individuals and the State government own 

93 percent of the mineral rights (fig. 10; table 7). 

Records indicate that prior to 1935 the entire proposed study area 

was open to mineral exploration; however, no records could be found of 

exploratory work completed in or near the area The U.S. Bureau of 

Land Management, which processes applications for prospecting and 

mining on lands where mineral rights are owned by the Federal Government, has no record of leasing or exploration permits in the study 

area 
MINERAL RESOURCES 39 

z EXPLANATION 

7 

18 

0 

5 

17 

-, 

I 

31 Section number 

~ Federal mineral-rights 

ownership (as of 

August 1975) 

--- Wilderness study area 

boundary 

' ' ' 

R. 21 W. 

2 

\ 

\ 

9 \. 

16 

I 

15 

I 

I 

3 KILOMETERS 

FIGURE 10.-Federal mineral-rights ownership, Rock River Canyon Wilderness 

Study Area 

MINERAL RESOURCES 

No mines or prospects are within the proposed wilderness area. Mining activities near the area have been limited to two stone quarries and 

many sand and gravel pits (fig. 11) that have supplied local markets. 

All, except three sand pits, were inactive in 1975. The two quarries are 

abandoned and filled with water. Jacobsville Sandstone from the 

quarry in NE¥4 sec. 26, T. 47 N., R. 21 W., was used either for dimension stone for local building or possibly for road metal. A quarry in the 

Au Train Formation in SE¥4 sec. 30, T. 46 N., R. 21 W., was operated 

from about 1916 through 1922 (Michigan Geological and Biological 

Survey, 1917-20; Michigan Geological Survey, 1921-23); the rock was 

probably used for road metal. 
40 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

TABLE 7.-MineraJ-rights ownership, Rock River Canyon Wilderness Study Area, 

as of August 1975 

Section Subdivision Owner of mineral rights 

T. 46 N., R. 21 W. 

4 ------- SW~ ------------------------------------- Superior Realty Company. 

5 ------- E'h; NW~; NE~ SW~ ----------------------Superior Realty Company. 

5 ------- W\lz SW~; SE~ SW~ ----------------------- Ford Motor Company. 

6 ------- E\lz NE~ ---------------------------------- Superior Realty Company. 

6 ------- W\lz NE~; NW~; SW~; S\lz SE~ -------------Ford Motor Company. 

6 ------- N'h SE~ ---------------------------------- U.S. Forest Service. 

7 ------- NE~; NW~; SE~ --------------------------Ford Motor Company. 

7 ------- SW~ ------------------------------------- State of Michigan. 

8 ------- E\lz NE~; NW~ NE~; N'h NW~ SW~ 

SE~; S'h SW~; NW~ SW~. Ford Motor Company. 

8 ------- SW~ NE~; S\lz NW~; E\lz SE~ NW~ 

SE~; NE~ SW~. U.S. Forest Service. 

9 ------- NE~; NW~; SE~ -------------------------- Superior Realty Company. 

9 ------- SW~ -------------------------------------Unknown party. 

10 ------- SEY. SWY.; SWY. SEY. ---------------------- Superior Realty Company. 

10 ------- W'h SWY. ---------------------------------Unknown party. 

15 ------- NWY. NEV.; S'h SWY. -----------------------The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. 

15 ------- SWY. NEV. --------------------------------Chicago and Northwestern Railroad Company. 

15 ------- N\lz NWY.; SWY. NWY.; NWY. SWY. ----------- Superior Realty Company. 

15 ------- SEY. NWY. --------------------------------Northwestern Cooperage and Lumber Company. 

15 -------NEV. SWY. --------------------------------Unknown party. 

16 ------- E'h NEV.; S\lz S\lz ---------------------------State of Michigan. 

16 ------- W1

/z NEV.; N\12 NWY.; SWY. NWY.; 

N'h SEY.. Superior Realty Company. 

16 ------- SEY. NWY. --------------------------------The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. 

16 -------NEV. SW~ --------------------------------Edward Ylitalo. 

16 ------- NWY. SWY. --------------------------------Oswald Hautamaki. 

17 ------- NE1/4; N\lz NW~ ---------------------------- Superior Realty Company. 

17 ------- SWY. NWY.; W'h SE~ ----------------------- Unknown party. 

17 ------- SEY. NWY.; NEV. SEY. ----------------------The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. 

17 ------- SE~ SE~ ---------------------------------State of Michigan. 

18 ------- N'h --------------------------------------The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. 

T. 47 N., R. 21 W. 

31 ------- S'h ---------------------------------------Chicago and Northwestern Railroad Company. 

32 ------- NWY.; E\lz SW~; SW~ SWY. -----------------Superior Realty Company. 

32 ------- NW~ SW~ --------------------------------U.S. Forest Service. 

32 ------- SEY. -------------------------------------State of Michigan. 

ECONOMIC APPRAISAL 

Commodities in the study area that have possible economic potential 

are high-silica sand, stone, sand, gravel, and glauconite. 

High-silica sand.-Both the Jacobsville Sandstone and the Munising 

Formation are highly siliceous formations. Analyses of the Jacobsville 

Sandstone and the Munising Formation (table 6) indicate that the combined aluminum, iron, manganese, and titanium contents are too high 

for use as high-silica sand. Partial chemical analyses of four samples 
ECONOMIC APPRAISAL 41 

~r---r---r-~--~---+---+--~ 

X 

z 

~r---~---4----4---~----+-~~~~~~~---4----4---~ 

~ 

-------.....______,__"-----f---~_.___......L.....-R~ R. 22 W. R. 21 W. 

0 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS 

I I I I I 

EXPLANATION 

~ Sand and gravel pit (active) 

~ Sand and gravel pit (inactive) 

~ Stone quarry (inactive) 

Wilderness study area boundary 

FIGURE 11.-Locations of mining operations near the Rock River Canyon Wilderness 

Study Area, as of August 1975. 

collected by Mory from the Miners Castle Member of the Munising 

Formation show a silica content ranging from 94.9 to 96.6 percent 

(table 7); the remainder is combined aluminum, iron, and other impurities that prevent its being used as a high-quality glass sand. 

Distance from market and transportation routes and competition from 

favorably located deposits reduce its economic potential. 

Stone.-Dimension stone suitable for building purposes is available 

near the study area and probably in the area (Smith, 1916, p. 171-172); 

however, competition with similar materials nearer markets and transportation routes reduces its economic potential. No local demand exists for stone except for road metal. 
42 MINERAL RESOURCES, ROCK RIVER CANYON, MICHIGAN 

Sand and gravel.-Sand and gravel are present mostly in glacial till 

and, to a lesser extent, in recent alluvial deposits along Rock River and 

Silver Creek. The glacial deposits are generally thin; however, substantial reserves of sand and gravel are in the pits examined near the study 

area (fig. 11). Because local demand is small 'and is met by active operations close to transportation routes, the sand and gravel deposits in 

the study area have little or no economic potential. 

Glauconite.-The lower unit of the Au Train Formation contains 

glauconite that reportedly constitutes as much as 25 to 35 percent of 

the rock in samples from outside the study area (Bergquist, 1930, 

p. 233). The maximum glauconite content found in the Au Train Formation during this study is 5 to 7 percent (fig. 5, sample 230); 

glauconite contents of other samples range from 1 to 5 percent. 

Because of the limited extent of the Au Train Formation (fig. 2) and its 

low glauconite content, it has no economic potential. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Bergquist, S. G., 1930, The occurrence of glauconite in the Hermansville Formation of 

Alger County, Michigan: Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Papers, 

v.l2, p. 231-237. 

__ 1937, The Cambrian-Ozarkian contact in Alger County, Michigan: Michigan 

Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Papers, v. 22, p. 421-436. 

Case, J. E., and Gair, J. E., 1965, Aeromagnetic map of parts of Marquette, Dickinson, 

Baraga, Alger, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan, and its geologic interpretation: 

U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map GP-467, 10 p., 3 sheets, 

scale, 1:62,500. 

Grabau, A. W., 1906, Types of sedimentary overlap: Geological Society of America 

Bulletin, v.l7, p. 567-636, 17 figs. 

Hamblin, W. K., 1958, The Cambrian sandstones of northern Michigan: Michigan 

Geological Survey Publication 51, 146 p., 89 figs., 5 pls. 

Kelley, R. W. (compiler), 1968, Bedrock of Michigan: Michigan Geological Survey, 

small-scale map 2. 

Klasner, J. S., Wold, R. J., Hinze, W. J., Bacon, L. 0., O'Hara, N. W., and Berkson, 

J. M., 1978, Bouguer gravity map of the northern Michigan-Lake Superior region: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-211, scale 1:500,000. 

Lane, A. C., and Seaman, A. E., 1907, Notes on the geological section of Michigan, 

Pt. 1, The pre-Ordovician: Journal of Geology, v. 15, p. 680-695. 

Leverett, Frank, 1928, Moraines and shore lines of the Lake Superior basin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 154-A, 73 p., 8 pis. 

Lobeck, A. K., 1957, Physiographic diagram of the United States: Maplewood, N.J., 

The Geographical Press, 8 p., map. 

Martin, H. M. (compiler), 1936, The centennial geological map of the northern peninsula 

of Michigan: Michigan Geological Survey Publication 39, Geologic Series 33, scale 

1:500,000. 

Michigan Basin Geological Society, 1967, Correlation problems of the Cambrian and 

Ordovician outcrop areas, northern peninsula of Michigan, 82 p. 
REFERENCES CITED 43 

Michigan Geological and Biological Survey, 1917, Mineral resources of Michigan with 

statistical tables of production and value of mineral products for 1916 and prior years: 

Michigan Geological and Biological Survey Publication 24, Geologic Series 20, 291 p. 

__ 1918, Mineral resources of Michigan, with statistical tables of production and 

value of mineral products for 1917 and prior years: Michigan Geological and Biological Survey Publication 27, Geologic Series 22, 225 p. 

__ 1920, Mineral resources of Michigan, with statistical tables for production and 

value of mineral products for 1918 and prior years: Michigan Geological and Biological Survey Publication 29, Geologic Series 24, 214 p. 

Michigan Geological Survey, 1921 (?), Mineral resources of Michigan, with statistical 

tables of production and value of mineral products for 1920 and prior years: Michigan 

Geological Survey Publication 32, Geologic Series 26,145 p. 

__ 1922 (?),Mineral resources of Michigan, with statistical tables of production and 

value of mineral products for 1921 and prior years: Michigan Geological Survey 

Publication 33, Geologic Series 27, 138 p. 

__ 1923 (?), Mineral resources of Michigan, with statistical tables of production 

and value of mineral products for 1922 and prior years: Michigan Geological Survey . 

Publications, Geologic Series 28,146 p. 

__ 1964, Stratigraphic succession in Michigan-Paleozoic through Recent: Michigan 

Geological Survey, Chart 1. 

Smith, R. A., 1916, Limestone of Michigan, in Mineral resources of Michigan * * *: 

Michigan Geological and Biological Survey Publication 21, Geologic Series 17, 

p. 101-311 (see the section on Alger County, p. 171-172). 

Thwaites, F. T., 1943, Stratigraphic work in northern Michigan, 1933-1941: Michigan 

Academy of Science, Arts and Letters Papers, v. 28, pp. 487-502. 

Vanlier, K. E., 1963, Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of Alger County, 

Michigan: Michigan Geological Survey Water Investigation 1, 55 p., 13 figs. 

White, W. S., Cornwall, H. R., and Swanson, R. W., 1953, Bedrock geology of the 

Ahmeek quadrangle, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map 

GQ-27. 

Zietz, Isidore, and Kirby, J. R., 1971, Aeromagnetic map of the western part of the 

northern peninsula, Michigan, and part of northern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Geophysical Investigations Map GP-750, scale 1:250,000.