265Introduction Appendices

Photos (clockwise): 1. Cycling, San Gabriel River Bike Trail. NPS Photo. 2. Stream in the San Gabriel River. Photo © Randy 

Okamura. 3. .Glendora orchards, 1931. Photo courtesy of the Los Angeles County Library. 4. San Gabriel Mountains. NPS 

Photo.
266 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 
 Appendices Appendix A: Study Legislation 267

Appendices 

Appendix A: Study Legislation

117 STAT. 840 PUBLIC LAW 108–42—JULY 1, 2003

Public Law 108–42

108th Congress

An Act

To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study of the San Gabriel River Watershed, and for 

other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress 

assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘San Gabriel River Watershed Study Act’’.

SEC. 2. STUDY OF SAN GABRIEL RIVER WATERSHED.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Interior (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall 

conduct a special resource study of the following areas:

(1) The San Gabriel River and its tributaries north of and including the city of Santa Fe Springs.

(2) The San Gabriel Mountains within the territory of the San Gabriel and Lower Los Angeles Rivers and 

Mountains Conservancy (as defi ned in section 32603(c)(1)(C) of the State of California Public Resource Code).

(b) STUDY CONDUCT AND COMPLETION.—Section 8(c) of Public Law 91–383 (16 U.S.C. 1a–5(c)) shall apply 

to the conduct and completion of the study conducted under this section. 

(c) CONSULTATION WITH FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.—In conducting the study under 

this section, the Secretary shall consult with the San Gabriel and Lower Los Angeles Rivers and Mountains 

Conservancy and other appropriate Federal, State,and local governmental entities.

(d) CONSIDERATIONS.—In conducting the study under this section, the Secretary shall consider regional fl ood 

control and drainage needs and publicly owned infrastructure such as wastewater treatment facilities.

SEC. 3. REPORT.

Not later than 3 years after funds are made available for this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Resources of the House of 

Representatives a report on the fi ndings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study.

Approved July 1, 2003.
268 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Appendix B: Species Tables

Table B1: Federal and State Listed Threatened and Endangered Species

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Plants

Astragalus 

brauntonii

Braunton’s milkvetch (endemic)Closed-cone 

coniferous chaparral, 

coastal scrub, valley 

and foothill grassland

FE None Azusa, Mount Wilson

Berberis nevinii Nevin’s barberry 

(endemic)

Chaparral, cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub, riparian 

woodland

FE CE Sunland, Glendora, Pasadena, 

Mint Canyon, San Fernando, 

Mount Baldy

Brodiaea fi lifolia thread-leaved 

brodiaea 

(endemic)

Valley and foothill 

grassland, vernal 

pools, fl ood plains, 

coastal sage scrub

FT CE Glendora

Dodecahema 

leptoceras

slender-horned 

spinefl ower 

(endemic)

Chaparral, cismontane 

woodland, alluvial fan 

coastal scrub

FE CE Azusa, Mount Wilson, 

Pasadena, Cajon, Agua Dulce, 

Mint Canyon, San Fernando, 

Sunland

Orcuttia californica California Orcutt 

grass

Vernal pools, wetlands FE CE Western San Gabriel Mtns., 

Soledad Basin

Fish

Catostomus 

santaanae

Santa Ana sucker Clear, cool, gravely 

and rock streams

FT SSC Acton, Azusa, Agua Dulce, 

Condor Peak, Crystal Lake, 

Glendora, Mount Baldy, 

Mount San Antonio Sunland, 

Waterman Mountain, East 

Fork San Gabriel River, Cattle 

Canyon, Creek and Bear Creek

Gasterosteus 

aculeatus 

williamsoni

Unarmored 

threespine 

stickleback

River or creek pools 

and backwaters with 

sand or mud bottoms

FE CE Acton, Agua Dulce, Mint 

Canyon

Oncorhynchus 

mykissi 

Southern 

steelhead

Freshwater streams 

connecting to the 

ocean

FE SSC (southern ESU - historic)

Amphibians

Bufo californicus Arroyo toad Rivers with shallow 

gravely pools adjacent 

to sandy terraces

FE SSC Agua Dulce, Chilao Flat, Little 

Rock Creek

Rana aurora 

draytonii

California redlegged frogDense shrubby riparian 

vegetation associated 

with deep, still or 

slow-moving water

FT SSC Sleepy Valley, San Gabriel 

Mountains
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 269

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Rana muscosa mountain yellowlegged frogPonds, tams, lakes, 

and streams at 

moderate to high 

elevations

FT SSC Crystal Lake, Mount Baldy, 

Pacifi co Mountain, Valyermo, 

Glendora, Juniper Hills, 

Condor Peak, Mount San 

Antonio, Mount Wilson, 

Sunland, Chilao Flat, Pasadena, 

Waterman Mountain, San 

Gabriel Mountains

Reptiles

Gopherus agassizi Desert tortoise Desert oases, 

riverbanks, washes, 

dunes rocky slopes

FT CT Northern edge of the San 

Gabriel Mountains.

Birds

Buteo swainsoni Swainson’s hawk Open grasslands, 

riparian systems

S CT Rose Hills

Coccyzus 

americanus 

occidentalis

Western yellowbilled cuckoo

Riparian areas FC CE Baldwin Park, El Monte, 

Ontario, Whittier, Near Cattle 

Canyon, historic record from 

San Gabriel River (1951)

Empidonax traillii 

extimus

Southwestern 

willow fl ycatcher

Riparian areas, willow 

thickets, mountain 

meadows

FE None Agua Dulce, Pasadena, El 

Monte, Mount Wilson

Falco peregrinus American 

peregrine falcon

Cliff faces, wetlands, 

woodlands, other 

forested

habitats, cities, 

agricultural areas 

FSS CE Pasadena

Gymnogyps 

californianus

California condor Foothill and rangeland 

forest

FE CE San Gabriel Mountains

Haliaeetus 

leucocphalus

Bald eagle Woodlands forests, 

grasslands, wetlands

- CE San Gabriel Valley

Polioptila californica 

californica

Coastal California 

gnatcatcher

Coastal sage scrub FT None Arcadia, Baldwin Park, 

Claremont, El Monte, La 

Habra, Mint Canyon, Mount 

Wilson, Ontario, Sunland, San 

Dimas, San Jose Hills, Rancho 

Santa Ana Botanical Garden 

Bio Field Station, Puente Hills, 

Yorba Linda

Vireo bellii pusillus Least Bell’s vireo Riparian areas FE CE Azusa, El Monte, Fish Canyon, 

Tassel Canyon, Whittier 

Narrows, Tonner Canyon, 

Yorba Linda

Mammals

Spermophilus 

mohavensis

Mohave ground 

squirrel

Low desert with 

scattered brush, sandy 

or gravelly soil

FSS CT Mescal Creek, Littlerock, 

Palmdale, Valyermo (areas just 

north or adjacent to the study 

area)
270 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Table B2: Rare and Sensitive Plant Species

Common Name Scientifi c 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

CNPS Documented 

Study

Area Locations*

Abrams’ alumroot 

(endemic)

Heuchera 

abramsii

Upper montane 

coniferous forest

FW None 4 Mount San Antonio

alkali mariposa lily Calochortus 

striatus

Chaparral, 

Mojavean desert 

scrub, chenopod 

scrub, meadows 

and seeps

None None 1B Waterman Mountain

alpine sulfurfl owered 

buckwheat 

(endemic)

Eriogonum 

umbellatum var. 

minus

Subalpine 

coniferous forest, 

upper montane 

coniferous forest

FW None 4 Mount San Antonio

Big Bear Valley 

woollypod 

(endemic)

Astragalus 

leucolobus

Lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

Pinyon and juniper 

woodlands

FSS None 1B Mount San Antonio, 

Telegraph Peak, 

Mescal Creek

Brand’s star 

phacelia

Phacelia stellaris Coastal dunes 

and scrub, upper 

montane coniferous 

forest

Candidate None 1B El Monte

California muhly 

(endemic)

Muhlenbergia 

californica

Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, meadows 

and seeps, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest

FW None 4 San Gabriel 

Mountains: Big Rock 

Creek, San Antonio 

Canyon, Devil’s 

Canyon

California walnut Juglans 

californica

Southern oak 

woodland

None None 4 San Gabriel 

Mountains, Puente 

Hills, San Jose Hills

Coulter’s goldfi elds Lasthenia 

glabrata ssp. 

coulteri

Marshes and 

swamps, playas, 

vernal pools

None None 1B Mount Wilson, 

Pasadena, La Habra, 

Whittier

Crested milk-vetch 

(endemic)

Astralgus 

bicristatus

Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest

FSS None 4.3 San Gabriel 

Mountains

Davidson’s bush 

mallow (endemic)

Malacothamnus 

davidsonii

Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub, riparian areas

FW None 1B Glendora, Yorba 

Linda

Davidson’s 

saltscale

Atriplex serenana 

var. davidsonii

Coastal bluff scrub, 

coastal scrub 

(alkaline)

None None 1B Mescal Creek, 

Condor Peak, 

Sunland

Duran’s rush 

(endemic)

Juncus duranii Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest, meadows 

and seeps

FW None 4 San Gabriel Mtns., Dorr 

Canyon, NW slope of 

Mt. Burnham. Lodgepole 

Picnic San Gabriel Mtns., 

Little Rock Creek, ca 1 

mi downstream from 

Cooper Creek., Angeles 

Crest Hwy; 
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 271

Common Name Scientifi c 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

CNPS Documented 

Study

Area Locations*

Engelmann oak Quercus 

englemannii

Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, riparian 

woodland, valley 

and foothill 

grassland

None None 4 Monrovia, Pasadena, 

Pomona

Ewan’s cinquefoil 

(endemic)

Potentilla 

glandulosa ssp. 

ewanii

Lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

near seeps and 

springs

None None 1B Crystal lake

fragrant pitcher 

sage (endemic)

Lepechinia 

fragrans

Chaparral FW None 4 San Gabriel 

Mountains: Switzer’s 

Camp, Mount 

Wilson

fringed 

grass-of-parnassus

Parnassia cirrata Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest, meadows 

and seeps

None None 1B Glendora, Mount 

San Antonio, Crystal 

Lake

gray monardella 

(endemic)

Monardella 

cinerea

Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest, subalpine 

coniferous forest

FW None 4 Mount San Antonio

Greata’s aster 

(endemic)

Symphyotrichum 

greatae (formerly 

Aster greatae)

Broadleafed upland 

forest, chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, 

lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

riparian woodland

None None 1B Mount Baldy, 

Glendora, Azusa, 

Mount Wilson, 

Pasadena, Mount 

San Antonio, Juniper 

Hills, Waterman 

Mountain, Crystal 

Lake, Pacifi co 

Mountain, Acton, 

Condor Peak, Chilao 

Flat, Agua Dulce, 

San Fernando, 

Sunland

Hall’s monardella 

(endemic)

Monardella 

macrantha ssp. 

hallii

Broadleaf upland 

forest, Chaparral, 

cismonane 

woodland, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, valley and 

foothill grassland

FSS None 1B Mount Baldy

hot springs 

fi mbristylis

Fimbristylis 

thermalis

Meadows and 

seeps (alkaline), hot 

springs

None None 2 Glendora, Crystal 

Lake

intermediate 

mariposa lily 

(endemic)

Calochortus 

weedii var. 

intermedius

Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, valley and 

foothill grassland

None None 1B La Habra, San 

Dimas, Yorba Linda, 

Claremont
272 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Common Name Scientifi c 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

CNPS Documented 

Study

Area Locations*

Jepson’s bedstraw 

(endemic)

Galium jepsonii Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest

FW None 4 Mt. Waterman, 

Pacifi co Mountain

Johnston’s 

bedstraw 

(endemic)

Galium johnstonii Chaparral, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, Pinyon and 

juniper woodland, 

riparian woodland

FW None 4 San Gabriel 

Mountains: Granite 

Mountain, Roundtop 

Mountain, Divide 

between W Fork Bear 

Creek and Devils 

Canyon, horse fl ats

Johnston’s 

buckwheat 

(endemic)

Eriogonum 

microthecum var. 

johnstonii

Subalpine 

coniferous forest, 

upper montane 

coniferous forest

FSS None 1B Mescal Creek, 

Mount San Antonio

Kern Canyon 

clarkia (endemic)

Clarkia xantiana 

ssp. parvifl ora

Cismontane 

woodland, Great 

Basin scrub

None None 1B Valyermo

Laguna Mountains 

jewelfl ower 

(endemic)

Streptanthus 

bernardinus

Chaparral, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, 

FSS None 4 Mt. Baldy, Glendora, 

Telegraph Peak, 

Mount San 

Antonio, Waterman 

Mountain, Crystal 

Lake, Pacifi co 

Mountain

lemon lily Lilium parryi Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest, meadows 

and seeps, riparian 

forest, 

FSS None 1B Pacifi co Mountain, 

San Gabriel 

Mountains: Little 

Rock Creek, Prairie 

Forks, Alder Gulch, 

Burkhart trail, Big 

Cienega spring, 

many-stemmed 

dudleya (endemic)

Dudleya 

multicaulis

Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, valley and 

foothill grassland

FSS None 1B Mt. Baldy, Ontario, 

Claremont, 

Glendora, Azusa, 

Baldwin Park, San 

Dimas, Mount 

Wilson, Pasadena, El 

Monte

Mason’s neststraw 

(endemic)

Stylocline masonii Chenopod scrub, 

Pinyon and Juniper 

woodland

None None 1B Acton

mesa horkelia 

(endemic)

Horkelia cuneata 

ssp. puberula

Chaparral, 

Coastal sage 

scrub, cismontane 

woodland

None None 1B Mt. Baldy, Ontario, 

Glendora, Azusa, 

Claremont, Baldwin 

Park, San Dimas, 

Mount Wilson, 

Pasadena, El Monte
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 273

Common Name Scientifi c 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

CNPS Documented 

Study

Area Locations*

Mojave phacelia 

(endemic)

Phacelia 

mohavensis

Cismontane 

woodland, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, meadows 

and seeps, Pinyon 

and juniper 

woodland

FW 4 4 San Gabriel 

Mountains: Sulphur 

Springs, Granite 

Mountain, Camp 

Verdugo Pines

mountain oxytrope 

(endemic)

Oxytropis 

oreophila var. 

oreophila

Alpine boulder and 

rock fi eld, subalpine 

coniferous forest

None None 2 Mount San Antonio

Mt. Gleason Indian 

paintbrush

Castilleja 

gleasonii

Lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

pinyon and juniper 

woodlands

None CR 1B Waterman 

Mountain, Pacifi co 

Mountain, Chilao 

Flat, Acton, Condor 

Peak

ocellated 

humboldt lily 

(endemic)

Lilium humboldtii 

ssp. ocellatum

Chaparral, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, riparian 

forest, coastal scrub

FW None 4 Mt. San Antonio, 

Mt. Baldy, Glendora, 

Azusa, Crystal Lake, 

Condor Peak, Chilao 

Flat

Orcutt’s linanthus Linanthus orcuttii Chaparral, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, pinyon and 

juniper woodland

None None 1B El Monte, Mount 

Wilson

Palmer’s mariposa 

lily (endemic)

Calochortus 

palmeri var. 

palmeri

Chaparral, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, meadows 

and seeps

FSS None 1B Chilao Flat

Parish’s gooseberry 

(endemic)

Ribes divaricatum 

var. parishii

Riparian woodland None None 1B Whittier, Pasadena, 

El Monte

Parry’s spinefl ower 

(endemic)

Chorizanthe 

parryi var. parryi

Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, 

None None 3 Mount Wilson, 

Claremont, 

Pasadena, Mount 

Baldy, Ontario

Peirson’s lupine 

(endemic)

Lupinus peirsonii Joshua tree 

woodland, lower 

and upper montane 

coniferous forest, 

pinyon and juniper 

woodland

None None 1B Valyermo, Juniper 

Hills, Crystal lake, 

Chilao Flat

Peirson’s morningglory (endemic)Calystegia 

peirsonii

Chaparral, 

chenopod scrub, 

cismontane 

woodland, coastal 

scrub, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, valley and 

foothill grasslands

None None 4
274 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Common Name Scientifi c 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

CNPS Documented 

Study

Area Locations*

pine green-gentian 

(endemic)

Swertia neglecta Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest, pinyon and 

juniper forest

FSS None 4 Waterman Mtn, 

Crystal Lake, Chilao 

Flat 

Plummer’s 

mariposa lily 

(endemic)

Calochortus 

plummerae

Granitic, rocky 

areas in chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, 

coastal scrub, 

lower montane, 

coniferous forest, 

valley and foothill 

grassland

FSS None 1B Claremont

rayless ragwort Senecio 

aphanactis

Chaparral, 

Cismontane 

woodland, Coastal 

scrub

None None 2 San Dimas 

Robinson’s 

pepper-grass 

Lepidium 

virginicum var. 

robinsonii

Chaparral, Coastal 

scrub

None None 1B Azusa, Ontario, Mt. 

Wilson

Rock Creek 

broomrape 

(endemic)

Orobanche valida 

ssp. valida

Chaparral, Pinyon 

and juniper 

woodland

None None 1B Mount Baldy, 

Telegraph Peak, 

Valyermo 

rock monardella 

(endemic)

Monardella viridis 

ssp. saxicola

Chaparral, 

Lower montane 

coniferous forest

FSS None 4 San Dimas

round-leaved 

boykinia

Boykinia 

rotundifolia

Lower montane 

coniferous forest

W None n/a Mount San Antonio 

(Day Canyon in San 

Gabriel Mountains)

Salt Spring 

checkerbloom

Sidalcea 

neomexicana

Chaparral, Coastal 

scrub, Lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, Mojavean 

desert scrub, playas/

alkaline, mesic

None None 2 Ontario, Claremont

San Antonio 

Canyon bedstraw 

(endemic)

Galium 

angustifolium 

ssp. gabrielense

Chaparral, Lower 

montane coniferous 

forest

FW None 4 Mt. Waterman, 

Mt. Lowe, Mt. San 

Antonio

San Antonio milkvetch (endemic)Astragalus 

lentiginosus var. 

antonius

Lower and•upper 

montane coniferous 

forest

FSS None 1B San Antonio, 

Telegraph Peak, 

Valyermo

San Bernardino 

aster (endemic)

Symphyotrichum 

defoliatum

Cismontane 

woodland, Coastal 

scrub, Lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, meadows 

and seeps, marshes 

and swamps, 

Valley and foothill 

grassland

None None 1B Ontario, San Dimas, 

Mount San Antonio, 

Telegraph Peak, 

Crystal Lake
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 275

Common Name Scientifi c 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

CNPS Documented 

Study

Area Locations*

San Gabriel 

bedstraw 

(endemic)

Galium grande Broadleafed upland 

forest, chaparral, 

Cismontane 

woodland, 

Lower montane 

coniferous forest

FSS None 1B Azusa, Mount 

Wilson

San Gabriel 

linanthus 

(endemic)

Linanthus 

concinnus

Chaparral, lower 

and upper montane 

coniferous forest 

None None 1B Mount Baldy, Mount 

Wilson, Pasadena, 

Mescal Creek, 

Pacifi co Mountain, 

Mount San Antonio, 

Telegraph Peak, 

Valyermo, Waterman 

Mountain, Crystal 

Lake, Chilao Flat 

San Gabriel 

Manzanita 

(endemic)

Arctostaphylos 

gabrielensis

Chaparral None None 1B Pacifi co Mountain

San Gabriel 

Mountains 

dudleya (endemic)

Dudleya 

densifl ora

Chaparral, Coastal 

scrub, Lower 

montane coniferous 

forest

None None 1B Glendora, Azusa

San Gabriel 

Mountains 

sunfl ower 

(endemic)

Hulsea vestita 

ssp. gabrielensis

Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest

FW None 4 Pacifi co Mountain, 

Mount San Antonio, 

San Gabriel Mtns, 

Head of Bad Canyon

San Gabriel River 

dudleya (endemic)

Dudleya cymosa 

ssp. crebrifolia

Chaparral FW None 1B Azusa

San Jacinto 

Mountains daisy 

(endemic)

Erigeron breweri 

var. jacinteus

Subalpine 

coniferous, upper 

montane coniferous 

forest

FW None 4 Mt. San Antonio, 

Crystal Lake

scalloped 

moonwort

Botrychium 

crenulatum

Bogs and fens, 

lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

Meadows and 

seeps, marshes and 

swamps

None None 2 Telegraph Peak, 

Crystal Lake

short-joint 

beavertail 

(endemic)

Opuntia basilaris 

var. brachyclada

Chaparral, Joshua 

tree woodland, 

Mojavean desert 

scrub, pinyon and 

juniper woodland

None None 1B Mount San Antonio, 

Mescal Creek, 

Telegraph Peak, 

Valyermo, Juniper 

Hills, Pacifi co 

Mountain, Mint 

Canyon, Newhall, 

Ritter Ridge, 

Palmdale

short-sepaled 

lewisia

Lewisia 

brachycalyx

Lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

meadows and seeps

None None 2 Mount San Antonio
276 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Common Name Scientifi c 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

CNPS Documented 

Study

Area Locations*

slender mariposa 

lily (endemic)

Calochortus 

clavatus var. 

gracilis

Chaparral, coastal 

scrub, valley and 

foothill grassland

None None 1B Mount Baldy, 

Glendora, Azusa, 

Crystal Lake, Agua 

Dulce,, Mint Canyon

slender silver-moss Anomobryum 

julaceum

Broadleafed upland 

forest,

lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

North Coast 

coniferous forest

None None 2 Waterman Mountain

Sonoran maiden 

fern

Thelypteris 

puberula var. 

sonorensis

Meadows and seeps None None 2 Azusa, Mount 

Wilson

southern alpine 

buckwheat 

(endemic)

Eriogonum 

kennedyi var. 

alpigenum

Alpine boulder and 

rock fi eld, subalpine 

coniferous forest

None None 1B Mount San Antonio, 

Crystal Lake

southern 

jewel-fl ower

Streptanthus 

campestris

Chaparral, lower 

montane coniferous 

forest, pinyon and 

juniper woodland

FSS None 1B

southern skullcap 

(endemic)

Scutellaria 

bolanderi ssp. 

austromontana

Chaparral, 

cismontane 

woodland, 

lower montane 

coniferous forest

None None 1B El Monte

southern tarplant Centromadia 

parryi ssp. 

australis

Marshes and 

swamps, valley and 

foothill grassland, 

vernal pools

None None 1B Yorba Linda, Sunland

Tehachapi ragwort Packera 

ionophylla

Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest

FW None 4 Los Angeles County

thread-leaved 

brodiaea 

(endemic)

Brodiaea fi lifolia Valley and foothill 

grassland, vernal 

pools, fl ood plains, 

coastal sage scrub

FT 1 1B Glendora

urn-fl owered 

alumroot

Heuchera elegans Lower montane 

coniferous forest, 

Riparian forest, 

Upper montane 

coniferous forest

FW None 4 Falls Canyon (ANF)

woolly mountainparsley (endemic)Oreonana vestita Lower and upper 

montane coniferous 

forest, subalpine 

coniferous forest 

FW None 1B Mount San 

Antonio, Mount 

Baldy, Telegraph 

Peak, Waterman 

Mountain, Crystal 

Lake
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 277

Common Name Scientifi c 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

CNPS Documented 

Study

Area Locations*

*Location names refer to USGS quad names in most cases. Where specifi c locational information was not available, 

geographic locations are listed (e.g. San Gabriel Mountains, Puente Hills, San Gabriel River).

CNPS=California Native Plant Society. The California Native Plant society has developed an inventory of rare and 

endangered plants that are native to California.

1B= Plants considered rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere. This includes all plants eligible for

state listing and those that must be considered while preparing CEQA documents.

2= Plants considered rare in California but more common elsewhere. This includes all plants eligible for state listing and

those that must be considered while preparing CEQA documents.

3= More information is need for this plant

4= Limited distribution (Watch List)

CE=State Endangered

CT= State Threatened

CR= State Listed Rare

FE = Federal Endangered

FT = Federal Threatened

FW= Watch List on federal lands based on USFS Region 5 southern California forests Sensitive Species List

FSS = Forest Service Sensitive List

N/A = Specifi c location data not available.

Sources: CDFG 2006 and 2010; USFS, 2005, Calfl ora 2007, CNPS 2007 and 2011 
278 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Table B3: Rare and Sensitive Animal Species

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Insects

Callophrys mossii 

hidakupa

San Gabriel 

Mountains elfi n 

butterfl y

Larval host plant is a 

sedum spathulifolium

FSS None Mount Baldy

Diplectrona 

californica

California 

diplectronan 

caddisfl y

Streams, lakes and ponds FSS None Ontario, San Gabriel 

Mountains

Incisalia mossii 

hidakupa

San Gabriel 

Mountains Moss’ 

elfi n butterfl y

Rocky outcrops, cliffs 

where stonecrop grows

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Paleoxenus dohrni Dorhn’s elegant 

eucnemid beetle

Transition zone forests, 

higher elevations on 

incense cedar

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Plebejus saepiolus 

aureolus

San Gabriel 

Mountains blue 

butterfl y

Host plant is sedum 

sapthufolium. Northern 

Coastal Scrub, DouglasFir Forest, Yellow Pine 

Forest, Red Fir Forest, 

Mixed Evergreen Forest, 

Chaparral

FSS None Mescal Creek, Mount San 

Antonio

Plebulina emigdionis San Emigdio blue 

butterfl y

Forest openings, at 

streamsides, in meadows 

and alpine fell-fi elds, 

from cool coastals areas 

to upper elevations of 

the California Mountain 

Ranges

FSS None Range includes Bouquet 

and Mint Canyons/ Los 

Angeles County

Plejebus saepiolus 

ssp.

San Gabriel 

Mountains 

greenish blue 

butterfl y

Forest openings, at 

streamsides, in meadows 

and alpine fell-fi elds

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Fish

Gasterosteus 

aculeatus 

microcephalus

partially armored 

threespine 

stickleback

Slow water creeks along 

the California coast

FSS None Santa Clara River

Gila orcuttii Arroyo chub Pools and runs of 

headwater creeks and 

small to medium rivers

FSS SSC Agua Dulce, Azusa, Crystal 

Lake, Mount Baldy, Mount 

San Antonio, Sunland, 

Waterman Mountain, 

Glendora, North East and 

West Forks of San Gabriel 

River, Big Mermaids 

Canyon Creek, Bear Creek

Oncorhynchus 

mykissi (hatchery 

stock)

Rainbow Trout Cold headwaters, creeks, 

small to large rivers, cool 

lakes, estuaries

None None San Gabriel River upper 

watershed
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 279

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Rhinichthys osculus 

ssp. 3 (endemic)

Santa Ana 

speckled dace

Requires permanent 

fl owing streams, shallow 

cobble and gravel

FSS SSC Azusa, Condor Peak, 

Crystal Lake, Glendora, 

Sunland, Waterman 

Mountain

Amphibians

Aneides lugubris Arboreal 

salamander

Valley-foothill hardwood, 

valley-foothill hardwood 

conifer, chaparral, 

mixed conifer, oak and 

sycamore woodlands

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains, 

Puente-Chino Hills

Batrachoseps gabrieli 

(endemic)

San Gabriel 

Mtns slender 

salamander

Bigcone spruce, pine, 

white fi r, incense cedar, 

canyon live oak, black 

oak, and California laurel

FSS None Crystal Lake, Mount Baldy, 

Mount San Antonio

Ensatina eschscholtzii 

croceato

yellow-blotched 

ensatina 

salamander

Coniferous habitats, 

montane hardwood 

habitats, mixed chaparral

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains, 

Pacifi co Mountain

Ensatina eschsholtzii Monterey 

ensantina 

salamander

Ponderosa pine, 

Douglas fi r, mixed 

conifer, montane 

hardwood, montane 

hardwood-conifer

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Spea hammondi Western 

spadefoot toad

Grassland, vernal pools, 

chaparral, pine-oak 

woodlands, areas of 

sandy or gravelly soil in 

alluvial fans, washes and 

fl oodplains

FSC SSC La Habra, Mint Canyon, 

San Gabriel Mountains, 

Whittier, W Puente Hills

Taricha torosa Coast Range 

newt

Moist woodlands None SSC Azusa, Condor Peak, 

Glendora, Mount Baldy, 

Pasadena, Waterman 

Mountain, San Gabriel 

Mountains, Claremont

Reptiles

Actinemys 

marmorata pallida 

Southern Pacifi c 

pond turtle

Coastal dunes, valleyfoothill, chaparral and 

coastal sage scrub

FSS None West Fork of the San 

Gabriel River

Anniella pulchra California legless 

lizard

Coastal dune, valleyfoothill, chaparral and 

coastal scrub habitats

FSS SSC Palmdale, Pacifi co Mtn., 

Mount Baldy

Aspidoscelis tigris 

stejnegeri

coastal western 

whiptail

Valley-foothill hardwood, 

valley-foothill hardwoodconifer, juniper, 

chaparral, valley-foothill 

riparian, mixed conifer.

FSS None Baldwin Park, Condor 

Peak, Chilao Flat, Mount 

Wilson, San Dimas, 

Whittier Narrows

Charina trivirgata rosy boa Rocky chaparral-covered 

hillsides and canyons, 

desert habitat with good 

cover

FSS None Mount Wilson, Pacifi co 

Mtn
280 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Charina trivirgata 

roseofusca

Coast rosy boa Rocky chaparral-covered 

hillsides and canyons, 

desert habitat with good 

cover

FSS None Coastal slopes of the San 

Gabriel Mountain

Crotalus ruber red-diamond 

rattlesnake

Chaparral, woodland 

and arid desert habitats 

in rocky areas with dense 

vegetation

SC CSC Chino Hills (near Yorba 

Linda and Telegraphy 

Canyon), Puente Hills, 

Yorba Linda

Diadiphis punctatus 

modestus

San Bernardino 

ringneck snake

Open, relatively rocky 

areas with valley-foothill, 

mixed chaparral, and 

annual grass habitats

SC None Big Dalton Canyon, 

Glendora Mtn. Road, 

Puente-Chino Hills

Emys (Clemmys) 

marmorata pallida

southwestern 

pond turtle

Ponds, marshes, rivers, 

streams, irrigation 

ditches

FSC SSC Ritter Ridge, Azusa, Agua 

Dulce, La Habra, Sleepy 

Valley, Sunland, Pasadena, 

Waterman Mountain, 

El Monte and Glendora 

quads, San Gabriel River, 

Browns Gulch, Yorba Linda

Eumeces skiltonianus Western skink Grassland, woodlands, 

pine forests, sagebrush, 

chaparral

FSC None Puente-Chino Hills, San 

Gabriel Mountains

Lampropeltis zonata 

(parvirubra)

California 

mountain 

kingsnake (San 

Bernardino 

population)

Moist woods, coniferous 

forests, woodland and 

chaparral

FSC SSC Glendora, San Dimas, Little 

Dalton Canyon, Big Dalton 

Canyon

Lampropeltis zonata 

multfasciata 

Coast mountain 

kingsnake

Rocks and boulders near 

streams

FSS None Mount San Antonio

Phrynosoma 

coronatum (blainvillii 

population)

Coast (San Diego) 

horned lizard

Coastal sage scrub, 

riparian areas, valleyfoothill hardwood

S SSC Acton, Agua Dulce, 

Baldwin Park, Crystal Lake, 

Mescal Creek, Mount 

Baldy, Palmdale, Pacifi co 

Mountain, Valyermo, 

Ritter Ridge, Mt. Wilson, 

Condor Peak, Claremont, 

El Monte, Sunland, Mint 

Canyon, Sleepy Valley, 

Pasadena, Waterman 

Mountain, Thompson 

Creek, Eaton Canyon, 

Heaton Flat, East Fork 

San Gabriel River, Tonner 

Canyon/Chino Hills, Bonelli 

Regional Park, Yorba Linda

Phrynosoma 

coronatum (frontale 

population)

Coast (California) 

horned lizard

Coastal sage scrub, 

riparian areas, coniferous 

forest, broad-leaf 

woodlands

S SSC Mescal Creek, San Gabriel 

River, Sycamore Canyon in 

the Puente Hills
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 281

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Salvadora hexalepis 

virgultea

Coast patchnosed snakeCoastal chaparral, 

desert scrub, washes, 

sandy fl ats, and rocky 

areas, bush desert fl ats, 

sagebrush

FSC SSC Yorba Linda

Sceloporus graciosus 

vandenburgianus 

Southern 

sagebrush lizard

Chaparral, pine, and 

Douglas fi r forests

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains 

Thamnophis 

hammondii

Two-striped 

garter snake

Near permanent water 

or intermittent streams 

with rock beds

FSC None Agua Dulce, Azusa, 

Glendora, Mint Canyon, 

Mount Wilson, Ritter 

Ridge, Pacifi co Mountain, 

Juniper Hills, Sleepy Valley, 

Little Rock Creek, San 

Gabriel River

Birds

Accipiter cooperii Cooper’s hawk Oak woodlands, riparian 

areas

None SSC Baldwin Park, Palmdale, 

Puente Hills (Tonner 

Canyon), Bonelli Regional 

Park, Whittier Narrows

Accipiter gentilis Northern 

goshawk

Oak woodlands, riparian 

areas

S SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned 

hawk

Woodlands, riparian 

areas, chaparral 

(foraging), scrublands 

FSS SSC Puente Hills, Bonelli 

Regional Park

Aegolius acadicus Northern sawwhet owlMature riparian and oak 

woodlands

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Agelaius tricolor tricolored 

blackbird

Freshwater marshes and 

riparian areas

None None Palmdale, Ritter Ridge, 

Yorba Linda, Whittier 

Narrows

Aimophila rufi ceps 

canescens

southern 

California rufouscrowned sparrow

Steep, rocky areas within 

coastal sage scrub 

and chaparral, prefers 

recently burned areas

FSS SSC Mount Baldy, Puente 

Hills, San Dimas, Bonelli 

Regional Park

Alectoris chukar Chukar Arid, rocky annual 

grassland and brush/

scrub habitat with water 

available

FSS None Mojave desert vegetation 

associations (range)

Amphispiza belli Bell’s sage 

sparrow

Dense, dry chamise 

chaparral with scattered 

bunches of grass

FSC SSC Yorba Linda, western edge 

of Mojave Desert

Anthus rubrescens American pipit Annual and perennial 

grassland, wet meadows, 

cropland and pasture

FSS None Various locations in Los 

Angeles County

Aquila chrysaetos Golden eagle Mountains, desert, and 

open country, grasslands, 

deserts and savannas

None SSC Big Dalton drainage area, 

Tonner Canyon/Chino Hills 

region, Bonelli Regional 

Park

Asio fl ammeous Short-eared owl Prairies, marshes, dunes, 

tundra

None SSC Bonelli Regional Park
282 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Asio otus Long-eared owl Riparian and live oak 

woodlands

FSS SSC Yorba Linda

Aythya american Redhead Open water with 

freshwater marsh 

vegetation

None SSC Whittier Narrows

Buteo regalis Ferruginous hawk Rivers, lakes, and coasts; 

open tracts of sparse 

shrubs and grasslands, 

and agricultural areas 

during winter

None SSC Bonelli Regional Park

Callipepla californica California quail Chaparral FSS None Puente-Chino Hills

Campylorhynchus 

brunneicapillus 

sandiegensis

coastal (San 

Diego) cactus 

wren

Coastal sage scrub, 

vegetation with thickets 

of prickly pear or cholla 

cactus

None SSC La Habra, Puente Hills, 

Yorba Linda

Carduelis lawrencei Lawrence’s 

goldfi nch

Oak woodland, chaparral FSS None Puente-Chino Hills

Cathartes aura Turkey vulture Habitat with cliffs or 

large trees for nesting or 

roosting

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Catharus bicknelli Swainson’s thrush Riparian woodland 

habitat

FSS None San Gabriel Mountain 

foothill canyons

Catharus guttatus Hermit thrush Arid, rocky annual 

grassland and scrub 

where water is available

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Chaetura vauxi Vaux’s swift Redwood and Douglas 

fi r

FSS SSC Big Dalton Canyon

Chordeiles minor Common 

nighthawk

Riparian habitat, oak 

woodland, bigcone 

Douglas fi r, freshwater 

marsh

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Cinclus mexicanus American dipper Fast-fl owing montane 

rivers and streams

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Circus cyaneus Northern harrier Coastal salt marshes, 

freshwater marshes, 

grasslands, agricultural 

fi elds, desert and 

brushland

None SSC Puente Hills, Whittier 

Narrows

Cistothorus palustris 

clarka

Clark’s marsh 

wren

Freshwater marsh with 

dense reedbeds

None SSC Whittier Narrows

Contopus cooperi Olive-sided 

fl ycatcher

Riparian, oak woodland, 

bigcone Douglas fi r

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Cypseloides niger black swift Steep, rocky, often 

moist cliffs and crive or 

caves on sea cliffs, deep 

canyons

FSS SSC Mount Baldy, Mount 

Wilson, Santa Anita 

Canyon, Wolfskill Falls

Dendroica petechia 

brewsteri

Yellow warbler Riparian woodlands, 

montane chaparral, 

mixed conifer habitats

FSS SSC Big Dalton Canyon, 

Whittier Narrows
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 283

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Elanus leucurus White-tailed kite Grasslands with 

scattered trees, near 

marshes along highways

None SP San Jose Hills, Tonner 

Canyon/Chino Hills, 

Whittier Narrows

Empidonax wrightii Gray fl ycatcher Riparian, oak woodland, 

bigcone Douglas fi r, 

mixed chaparral

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Falco mexicanus prairie falcon Grassland, savanna, 

rangeland, agricultural 

fi elds, and desert scrub, 

cliff ledges

FSS SSC Valyermo, Acton, Agu 

Dulce, Tonner Canyon/

Chino Hills

Geothlypis trichas Common 

yellowthroat

Riparian None SSC San Gabriel Mountains, 

Puente-Chino Hills, 

Whittier Narrows

Glaucidium gnoma Northern pygmy 

owl

Valley-foothill hardwood, 

mixed conifer, valleyfoothill riparian, 

montane riparian

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains, 

Eaton Canyon

Icteria virens Yellow-breasted 

chat

Riparian areas FSS SSC Baldwin Park, La Habra, 

Puente Hills, Bonelli 

Regional park, Whittier 

Narrows

Ixobrynchus exili Least Bittern Dense reeds with 

permanent wate

None SSC Whittier Narrows

Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead 

shrike

Valley-foothill riparian 

areas, open habitats with 

scattered shrubs, perches

FSS SSC Puente Hills, Bonelli 

Regional Park, Whittier 

Narrows

Megascops 

kennicottii

Western screech 

owl

Riparian areas, Joshua 

tree and mesquite 

groves, open pine and 

pinyon-juniper forests

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln’s sparrow Riparian areas, bogs, wet 

meadows

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Oporornis tolmiei MacGillivray’s 

warbler

Valley foothill riparian, 

coastal Douglas-fi r, 

montane riparian, desert 

riparian

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Oreortyx pictus Mountain quail Montane habitats and 

seasonally in open 

conifer and deciduous 

woodlands and forest, 

chaparral

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Otus fl ammeolus Flammulated owl Coniferous habitats from 

ponderosa pine to red fi r 

forests.

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Pandion haliaetus Osprey Rivers, lakes, and coasts, 

mixed conifer.

FSS SSC Bonelli Regional Park

Patagioenas fasciata Band-tailed 

pigeon

Oaks and conifer oak 

woodlands.

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains
284 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Picoides albolarvatus 

gravirostris

Southern 

white-headed 

woodpecker

Lodgepole pine and 

red-fi r habitat

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Piranga rubra Summer tanager Desert riparian areas 

with willows and thickets

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Progne subis Purple martin Valley foothill, montane 

hardwood, montanehardwood conifer, 

riparian habitat

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Sphyrapicus 

thyroideus

Williamson’s 

sapsucker

Lodgepole pine, red fi r, 

Jeffrey pine

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Stellula calliope Calliope 

hummingbird

Ponderosa pine, 

hardwood-confer, 

riparian areas, aspens

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Strix occidentalis 

occidentalis

California 

spotted owl

Oak and conifer habitats FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow Open areas, usually near 

water, including fi elds, 

marshes, shorelines, and 

wooded swamps with 

standing dead trees

FSS None Bonelli Regional Park, San 

Gabriel Mountains

Toxostoma lecontei Le Conte’s 

thrasher

Open desert wash, 

desert scrub, alkali scrub, 

desert succulent scrub, 

nests in wash habitat

None SSC Mescal Creek, Palmdale, 

Ritter Ridge

Vermivora rufi capilla Nashville warbler Oak woodlands FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Vermivora virginiae Virginia’s warbler Arid, shrubby, mixed 

conifer, pinyon-juniper, 

mountain chaparral

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains - 

Blue Ridge

Vireo gilvus Warbling vireo Montane-hardwood, 

montane-conifer, mixed 

conifer, ponderosa pine, 

montane chaparral

FSS SSC Whittier Narrows, 

Puente Hills, San Gabriel 

Mountains

Vireo plumbeus Plumbeous vireo Pinyon-juniper, lodgepole 

pine, Jeffrey pine

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Vireo vicinior Gray vireo Pinyon-juniper, juniper, 

chamise-redshank 

chaparral

FSS SSC Little Rock Creek

Wilsonia pusilla Wilson’s warbler Montane riparian, 

foothill riparian, aspen, 

lodgepole pine

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains, 

Whittier Narrows

Zenaida macroura Mourning dove Grassland, cropland, 

pasture, riparian, lowelevation conifer, desert 

habitats, open chaparral

FSS None Puente Hills, San Gabriel 

Mountains

Mammals

Antrozous pallidus Pallid bat Grasslands, tree cavities, 

rock crevices, manmade 

structures

FSS SSC Azusa, Acton, Baldwin 

Park, El Monte, Glendora, 

Mount Wilson, Ontario, 

San Dimas
 Appendices Appendix B: Species Tables 285

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Bassariscus astutus Ringtail Mixture of forest and 

shrublands in association 

with riparian areas and 

rocky areas

FSS None Historic to San Dimas and 

San Gabriel Canyons

Chaetodipus fallax 

fallax

northwestern 

San Diego pocket 

mouse

Sandy herbaceous areas, 

sagebrush, scrub, annual 

grassland, chaparral and 

desert scrubs.

None SSC Mount Baldy, Ontario

Chaetodipus fallax 

pallidus

pallid San Diego 

pocket mouse

Open brushlands and 

scrub habitats

None SSC Valyermo, Juniper Hills, 

Mescal Creek

Corynorhinus 

townsendii

Townsend’s bigeared batCaves, tunnels for 

roosting and vegetation 

and mesic edges for 

feeding, sub-alpine and 

alpine habitats

S SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine Montane conifer, 

Douglas-fi r, alpine dwarf 

shrub, wet meadow

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Euderma maculatum Spotted bat Arid deserts, grasslands, 

mixed conifer

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Eumops perotis Western mastiff 

bat

Grasslands, tree cavities, 

rock crevices, manmade 

structures

S SSC Azusa, Baldwin Park, La 

Habra, Pasadena, Whittier, 

El Monte, Glendora, 

Mount Wilson, Ontario, 

San Dimas

Lasiurus xanthinus Western yellow 

bat

Check status with state 

and CNDDB.

None SSC Azusa, Baldwin Park, 

Ontario, Pasadena, San 

Dimas

Lepus californicus 

bennettii

San Diego blacktailed jackrabbitOpen brushlands and 

scrub habitats

FSS SSC Baldwin Park, Bonelli 

Regional Park

Myotis ciliolabrum Western smallfooted myotisArid, woody and brushy 

uplands near water

FSS None Mescal Creek

Myotis evotis Long-eared 

myotis

Coastal areas FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Myotis thysanodes Fringed myotis Grassland, oak savanna, 

riparian areas, oak 

woodland, pinyonjuniper, valley-foothill 

woodland

FSS None Waterman Mountain

Myotis volans Long-legged 

myotis

Woodlands, forests, 

chaparral, coastal scrub

FSS None Waterman Mountain

Myotis yumanensis Yuma myotis Aric caves, tunnels, 

buildings, open forests 

with water

FSS None Glendora

Neotamias speciosus 

speciosus

Lodgepole 

chipmunk

Closed-canopy forest 

with sparse undercover 

including Jeffrey pine, 

mixed conifer, and red fi r

FSS None Mount San Antonio, 

Waterman Mountain
286 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Scientifi c Name Common 

Name

Habitat Federal 

Status

State 

Status

Documented Study

Area Locations*

Neotoma lepida 

intermedia

San Diego desert 

woodrat

Rock outcrops, chaparral, 

coastal sage scrub and 

pinyon-juniper woodland

SC SSC San Gabriel Canyon, 

Azusa, Mount Baldy, 

Ontario, Claremont

Nyctinomops 

macrotis

big free -tailed 

bat

Roosts in cliffs and 

crevices

None SSC Azusa, Baldwin Park, 

Ontario, San Dimas

Odocoileus hemionus Mule deer Pine forest but also 

contain openings, 

meadows, and riparian 

habitats

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Ovis canadensis 

nelsoni

Nelson’s bighorn 

sheep

Open areas of lowgrowing vegetation 

for feeding, with close 

proximity to steep, 

rugged terrain for 

escape, lambing, and 

bedding

FSS SSC Azusa, Crystal Lake, 

Glendora, Mount Baldy, 

Mount San Antonio, 

Waterman Mountain

Puma concolor Mountain lion Foothills and mountains FSS None Puente-Chino Hills, San 

Gabriel Mountains

Sorex (monticulus?) San Bernadino 

dusky shrew

Valley foothill and 

montane riparian 

habitat, woodland, 

chaparral, grassland, and 

wetland habitats

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

Spilogale gracilis Western spotted 

skunk

Canyon streams, rocky 

cliffs, arid valleys, forest 

and woodland habitats 

FSS SSC San Gabriel Mountains

Taxidea taxus American badger Grasslands, parklands, 

farms, forest glades, 

meadows, marshes, 

brushy areas, hot 

deserts, mountain 

meadows, open 

chaparral, and riparian 

zones

FSS SSC Baldwin Park, Pasadena, 

San Dimas

Ursus americanus Black bear Mature, dense 

vegetation, and on 

sheltered slopes

FSS None San Gabriel Mountains

*Location names refer to USGS quad names in most cases. Where specifi c locational information was not available, 

geographic locations are listed (e.g. San Gabriel Mountains, Puente Hills, San Gabriel River).

FE = Federally-listed Endangered

FT = Federally-listed Threatened

CE = State-listed Endangered

CT = State-listed Threatened

FSS = Forest Service Sensitive Species List

SC= Species of Concern. Species of concern is an informal designation of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. It refers to 

those species believed to be in decline or in need of concentrated conservation actions as species of concern.

SSC= Species of Special Concern. The California Department of Fish and Game applies this status to animal species not 

listed under the Federal and California endangered species acts that are declining at a rate that might require listing or 

have historically low population counts that are threatened.

N/A = Specifi c location data not available.

Sources: CDFG 2006 and 2010, USFS 2005, CDFG 2008a
 Appendices Appendix C: New Area Studies Act 287

Appendix C: New Area Studies Act

TITLE III—STUDY REGARDING ADDITION OF NEW NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM AREAS 

SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.

 This title may be cited as the ‘‘National Park System New Areas Studies Act’’.

SEC. 302. PURPOSE.

 It is the purpose of this title to reform the process by which areas are considered for addition to the National 

Park System.

SEC. 303. STUDY OF ADDITION OF NEW NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM AREAS.

 Section 8 of Public Law 91–383 (commonly known as the

National Park System General Authorities Act; 16 U.S.C. 1a–5)

is amended as follows:

(1) By inserting ‘‘GENERAL AUTHORITY.—’’ after ‘‘(a)’’.

(2) By striking the second through the sixth sentences of subsection (a).

(3) By redesignating the last two sentences of subsection (a) as subsection (f) and inserting in the fi rst of such 

sentences before the words ‘‘For the purposes of carrying’’ the following:

‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—’’.

(4) By inserting the following after subsection (a):

‘‘(b) STUDIES OF AREAS FOR POTENTIAL ADDITION.—

(1) At the beginning of each calendar year, along with the annual budget submission, the Secretary 

shall submit to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on 

Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate a list of areas recommended for study for 

potential inclusion in the National Park System.

‘‘(2) In developing the list to be submitted under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider—

‘‘(A) those areas that have the greatest potential to meet the established criteria of national 

signifi cance, suitability, and feasibility;

‘‘(B) themes, sites, and resources not already adequately represented in the National Park 

System; and

‘‘(C) public petition and Congressional resolutions.

‘‘(3) No study of the potential of an area for inclusion in the National Park System may be initiated after 

the date of enactment of this subsection, except as provided by specifi c authorization of an Act of 

Congress.

‘‘(4) Nothing in this Act shall limit the authority of the National Park Service to conduct preliminary 

resource assessments, gather data on potential study areas, provide technical and planning assistance, 

prepare or process nominations for administrative designations, update previous studies, or complete 

reconnaissance surveys of individual areas requiring a total expenditure of less than $25,000.

‘‘(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to or to affect or alter the study of any river 

segment for potential addition to the national wild and scenic rivers system or to apply to or to affect 

or alter the study of any trail for potential addition to the national trails system.

‘‘(c) REPORT.—

(1) The Secretary shall complete the study for each area for potential inclusion in the National Park 

System within 3 complete fi scal years following the date on which funds are fi rst made available for 

such purposes. Each study under this section shall be prepared with appropriate opportunity for public 

involvement, including at least one public meeting in the vicinity of the area under study, and after 

reasonable efforts to notify potentially affected landowners and State and local governments.

‘‘(2) In conducting the study, the Secretary shall consider whether the area under study—

‘‘(A) possesses nationally signifi cant natural or cultural resources and represents one of the 

most important examples

of a particular resource type in the country; and

‘‘(B) is a suitable and feasible addition to the system. ‘‘

(3) Each study—

‘‘(A) shall consider the following factors with regard to the area being studied—

‘‘(i) the rarity and integrity of the resources;

‘‘(ii) the threats to those resources;

‘‘(iii) similar resources are already protected in the

National Park System or in other public or private ownership;

‘‘(iv) the public use potential;
288 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

‘‘(v) the interpretive and educational potential;

‘‘(vi) costs associated with acquisition, development and operation;

‘‘(vii) the socioeconomic impacts of any designation;

‘‘(viii) the level of local and general public support; and

‘‘(ix) whether the area is of appropriate confi guration to ensure long-term resource protection 

and visitor use;

‘‘(B) shall consider whether direct National Park Service

management or alternative protection by other public agencies or the private sector is 

appropriate for the area;

‘‘(C) shall identify what alternative or combination of alternatives would in the professional judgment 

of the Director of the National Park Service be most effective and effi cient in protecting signifi cant 

resources and providing for public enjoyment; and

‘‘(D) may include any other information which the Secretary deems to be relevant.

‘‘(4) Each study shall be completed in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.

‘‘(5) The letter transmitting each completed study to Congress shall contain a recommendation regarding the 

Secretary’s preferredmanagement option for the area.

‘‘(d) NEW AREA STUDY OFFICE.—The Secretary shall designate a single offi ce to be assigned to prepare all new 

area studies and to implement other functions of this section.

‘‘(e) LIST OF AREAS.—At the beginning of each calendar year, along with the annual budget submission, the 

Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and to the Committee 

on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a list of areas which have been previously studied which contain 

primarily historical resources, and a list of areas which have been previously studied which contain primarily 

natural resources, in numerical order of priority for addition to the National Park System. In developing the lists, 

the Secretary should consider threats to resource values, cost escalation factors, and other factors listed in 

subsection (c) of this section. The Secretary should only include on the lists areas for which the supporting data 

is current and accurate.’’.

(5) By adding at the end of subsection (f) (as designated by paragraph (3) of this section) the following: ‘‘For carrying out 

subsections (b) through (d) there are authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for each fi scal year.’’
 Appendices Appendix D: 2006 Nps Management Policies (sections 1.2 And 1.3) 289

Appendix D: 2006 NPS 

Management Policies (Sections 

1.2 and 1.3) 

1.2 The National Park System 

The number and diversity of parks within the 

national park system grew as a result of a 

government reorganization in 1933, another 

following World War II, and yet another during 

the 1960s. Today there are nearly 400 units in the 

national park system. These units are variously 

designated as national parks, monuments, 

preserves, lakeshores, seashores, wild and scenic 

rivers, trails, historic sites, military parks, battlefi elds, 

historical parks, recreation areas, memorials, and 

parkways. Regardless of the many names and 

offi cial designations of the park units that make 

up the national park system, all represent some 

nationally signifi cant aspect of our natural or 

cultural heritage. They are the physical remnants 

of our past—great scenic and natural places that 

continue to evolve, repositories of outstanding 

recreational opportunities, classrooms of our 

heritage, and the legacy we leave to future 

generations—and they warrant the highest 

standard of protection. 

It should be noted that, in accordance with 

provisions of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, any 

component of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers 

System that is administered by the Park Service is 

automatically a part of the national park system. 

Although there is no analogous provision in the 

National Trails System Act, several national trails 

managed by the Service have been included in the 

national park system. These national rivers and 

trails that are part of the national park system are 

subject to the policies contained herein, as well as 

to any other requirements specifi ed in the Wild and 

Scenic Rivers Act or the National Trails System Act.

1.3 Criteria for Inclusion 

Congress declared in the National Park System 

General Authorities Act of 1970 that areas 

comprising the national park system are cumulative 

expressions of a single national heritage. Potential 

additions to the national park system should 

therefore contribute in their own special way to 

a system that fully represents the broad spectrum 

of natural and cultural resources that characterize 

our nation. The National Park Service is responsible 

for conducting professional studies of potential 

additions to the national park system when 

specifi cally authorized by an act of Congress, and 

for making recommendations to the Secretary of 

the Interior, the President, and Congress. Several 

laws outline criteria for units of the national park 

system and for additions to the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers System and the National Trails System.

To receive a favorable recommendation from the 

Service, a proposed addition to the national park 

system must (1) possess nationally signifi cant 

natural or cultural resources, (2) be a suitable 

addition to the system, (3) be a feasible addition to 

the system, and (4) require direct NPS management 

instead of protection by other public agencies or 

the private sector. These criteria are designed to 

ensure that the national park system includes only 

the most outstanding examples of the nation’s 

natural and cultural resources. These criteria 

also recognize that there are other management 

alternatives for preserving the nation’s outstanding 

resources. 

1.3.1 National Signifi cance 

NPS professionals, in consultation with subjectmatter experts, scholars, and scientists, will 

determine whether a resource is nationally 

signifi cant. An area will be considered nationally 

signifi cant if it meets all of the following criteria:

1. It is an outstanding example of a particular type 

of resource. 

2. It possesses exceptional value or quality in 

illustrating or interpreting the natural or cultural 

themes of our nation’s heritage. 

3. It offers superlative opportunities for public 

enjoyment or for scientifi c study. 

4. It retains a high degree of integrity as a true, 

accurate, and relatively unspoiled example of a 

resource.

5. National signifi cance for cultural resources will 

be evaluated by applying the National Historic 

Landmarks criteria contained in 36 CFR Part 65 

(Code of Federal Regulations). 

1.3.2 Suitability 

An area is considered suitable for addition to the 

national park system if it represents a natural or 

cultural resource type that is not already adequately 

represented in the national park system, or is not 

comparably represented and protected for public 

enjoyment by other federal agencies; tribal, state, 

or local governments; or the private sector. 

Adequacy of representation is determined on a 

case-by-case basis by comparing the potential 

addition to other comparably managed areas 
290 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

representing the same resource type, while 

considering differences or similarities in the 

character, quality, quantity, or combination of 

resource values. The comparative analysis also 

addresses rarity of the resources, interpretive and 

educational potential, and similar resources already 

protected in the national park system or in other 

public or private ownership. The comparison results 

in a determination of whether the proposed new 

area would expand, enhance, or duplicate resource 

protection or visitor use opportunities found in 

other comparably managed areas.

1.3.3 Feasibility 

To be feasible as a new unit of the national park 

system, an area must be (1) of suffi cient size and 

appropriate confi guration to ensure sustainable 

resource protection and visitor enjoyment (taking 

into account current and potential impacts from 

sources beyond proposed park boundaries), and (2) 

capable of effi cient administration by the Service at 

a reasonable cost.

In evaluating feasibility, the Service considers a 

variety of factors for a study area, such as the 

following:

• size

• boundary confi gurations

• current and potential uses of the study area and 

surrounding lands

• landownership patterns

• public enjoyment potential

• costs associated with acquisition, development, 

restoration, and operation

• access

• current and potential threats to the resources

• existing degradation of resources

• staffi ng requirements

• local planning and zoning

• the level of local and general public support 

(including landowners)

• the economic/socioeconomic impacts of 

designation as a unit of the national park 

system

The feasibility evaluation also considers the ability 

of the National Park Service to undertake new 

management responsibilities in light of current and 

projected availability of funding and personnel. 

An overall evaluation of feasibility will be made 

after taking into account all of the above factors. 

However, evaluations may sometimes identify 

concerns or conditions, rather than simply reach 

a yes or no conclusion. For example, some new 

areas may be feasible additions to the national park 

system only if landowners are willing to sell, or the 

boundary encompasses specifi c areas necessary for 

visitor access, or state or local governments will 

provide appropriate assurances that adjacent land 

uses will remain compatible with the study area’s 

resources and values. 

1.3.4 Direct NPS Management 

There are many excellent examples of the 

successful management of important natural 

and cultural resources by other public agencies, 

private conservation organizations, and individuals. 

The National Park Service applauds these 

accomplishments and actively encourages the 

expansion of conservation activities by state, local, 

and private entities and by other federal agencies. 

Unless direct NPS management of a studied area 

is identifi ed as the clearly superior alternative, the 

Service will recommend that one or more of these 

other entities assume a lead management role, 

and that the area not receive national park system 

status. 

Studies will evaluate an appropriate range of 

management alternatives and will identify which 

alternative or combination of alternatives would, 

in the professional judgment of the Director, 

be most effective and effi cient in protecting 

signifi cant resources and providing opportunities for 

appropriate public enjoyment. Alternatives for NPS 

management will not be developed for study areas 

that fail to meet any one of the four criteria for 

inclusion listed in section 1.3. 

In cases where a study area’s resources meet criteria 

for national signifi cance but do not meet other 

criteria for inclusion in the national park system, 

the Service may instead recommend an alternative 

status, such as “affi liated area.” To be eligible for 

affi liated area status, the area’s resources must 

(1) meet the same standards for signifi cance and 

suitability that apply to units of the national park 

system; (2) require some special recognition or 

technical assistance beyond what is available 

through existing NPS programs; (3) be managed 

in accordance with the policies and standards that 

apply to units of the national park system; and (4) 

be assured of sustained resource protection, as 

documented in a formal agreement between the 

Service and the nonfederal management entity. 

Designation as a “heritage area” is another option 

that may be recommended. Heritage areas have 

a nationally important, distinctive assemblage of 
 Appendices Appendix D: 2006 Nps Management Policies (sections 1.2 And 1.3) 291

resources that is best managed for conservation, 

recreation, education, and continued use through 

partnerships among public and private entities 

at the local or regional level. Either of these two 

alternatives (and others as well) would recognize an 

area’s importance to the nation without requiring or 

implying management by the National Park Service.
292 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Appendix E: National Historic 

Landmark Criteria Sec 65.4

The criteria applied to evaluate properties for 

possible designation as National Historic Landmarks 

or possible determination of eligibility for 

National Historic Landmark designation is listed 

below. These criteria shall be used by NPS in the 

preparation, review and evaluation of National 

Historic Landmark studies. They shall be used by 

the Advisory Board in reviewing National Historic 

Landmark studies and preparing recommendations 

to the Secretary. Properties shall be designated 

National Historic Landmarks only if they are 

nationally signifi cant. Although assessments of 

national signifi cance should refl ect both public 

perceptions and professional judgments, the 

evaluations of properties being considered 

for landmark designation are undertaken by 

professionals, including historians, architectural 

historians, archeologists and anthropologists 

familiar with the broad range of the nation’s 

resources and historical themes. The criteria applied 

by these specialists to potential landmarks do not 

defi ne signifi cance nor set a rigid standard for 

quality. Rather, the criteria establish the qualitative 

framework in which a comparative professional 

analysis of national signifi cance can occur. The fi nal 

decision on whether a property possesses national 

signifi cance is made by the Secretary on the basis 

of documentation including the comments and 

recommendations of the public who participate in 

the designation process.

(a) Specifi c Criteria of National Signifi cance: The 

quality of national signifi cance is ascribed to 

districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects that 

possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating 

or interpreting the heritage of the United States 

in history, architecture, archeology, engineering 

and culture and that possess a high degree of 

integrity of location, design, setting, materials, 

workmanship, feeling and association, and:

1. That are associated with events that have 

made a signifi cant contribution to, and 

are identifi ed with, or that outstandingly 

represent, the broad national patterns of 

United States history and from which an 

understanding and appreciation of those 

patterns may be gained; or

2. That are associated importantly with the 

lives of persons nationally signifi cant in the 

history of the United States; or

3. That represent some great idea or ideal of 

the American people; or

4. That embody the distinguishing 

characteristics of an architectural type 

specimen exceptionally valuable for a 

study of a period, style or method of 

construction, or that represent a signifi cant, 

distinctive and exceptional entity whose 

components may lack individual distinction; 

or 

5. That are composed of integral parts of the 

environment not suffi ciently signifi cant by 

reason of historical association or artistic 

merit to warrant individual recognition 

but collectively compose an entity of 

exceptional historical or artistic signifi cance, 

or outstandingly commemorate or illustrate 

a way of life or culture; or

6. That have yielded or may be likely to yield 

information of major scientifi c importance 

by revealing new cultures, or by shedding 

light upon periods of occupation over 

large areas of the United States. Such sites 

are those which have yielded, or which 

may reasonably be expected to yield, data 

affecting theories, concepts and ideas to a 

major degree.

(b) Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces, graves of 

historical fi gures, properties owned by religious 

institutions or used for religious purposes, structures 

that have been moved from their original locations, 

reconstructed historic buildings and properties that 

have achieved signifi cance within the past 50 years 

are not eligible for designation. Such properties, 

however, will qualify if they fall within the following 

categories:

1. A religious property deriving its primary 

national signifi cance from architectural or 

artistic distinction or historical importance; 

or

2. A building or structure removed from its 

original location but which is nationally 

signifi cant primarily for its architectural 

merit, or for association with persons or 

events of transcendent importance in 

the nation’s history and the association 

consequential; or

3. A site of a building or structure no longer 

standing but the person or event associated 

with it is of transcendent importance in 

the nation’s history and the association 

consequential; or

4. A birthplace, grave or burial if it is of a 

historical fi gure of transcendent national 

signifi cance and no other appropriate site, 
 Appendices Appendix E: National Historic Landmark Criteria Sec 65.4 293

building or structure directly associated 

with the productive life of that person 

exists; or

5. A cemetery that derives its primary national 

signifi cance from graves of persons of 

transcendent importance, or from an 

exceptionally distinctive design or from an 

exceptionally signifi cant event; or

6. A reconstructed building or ensemble 

of buildings of extraordinary national 

signifi cance when accurately executed in 

a suitable environment and presented in a 

dignifi ed manner as part of a restoration 

master plan, and when no other buildings 

or structures with the same association 

have survived; or

7. A property primarily commemorative in 

intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic 

value has invested it with its own national 

historical signifi cance; or 

8. A property achieving national signifi cance 

within the past 50 years if it is of 

extraordinary national importance. 
294 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Appendix F: Alternative B: San 

Gabriel Parks and Open Space 

Network (Dismissed)

(Excerpt from Newsletter #4, August 

2009)

Vision

This alternative concept protects and expands 

an interconnected system of parks, habitats, and 

open spaces, connecting urban neighborhoods, 

mountains, and rivers within a broader ecosystem. 

Coordinated education and interpretation focuses 

on connecting people to the special resources and 

stories of their mountains and watershed. Access 

to recreational opportunities closer to home is 

increased.

Description of Concept

Under this alternative concept, a park and open 

space network would be developed through a 

partnership of public and private landowners and 

organizations. The partnership would be comprised 

of federal, state, and local land management 

agencies, along with recreation and conservation 

organizations. A comprehensive plan for a 

connected system of parks would be created under 

the partnership, detailing coordinated management 

strategies to protect and enhance natural resources, 

cultural resources, recreation, and access. The 

partnership would coordinate interpretive and 

educational messaging throughout the network. 

An information sharing network would be 

established to organize, consolidate, and distribute 

scientifi c information related to the region. An 

urban satellite offi ce connected to the California 

Mediterranean Research Learning Center at Santa 

Monica Mountains National Recreation Area would 

provide research and educational opportunities 

to communities and schools. The partnership 

would serve as a model for future efforts in other 

areas such as the north slope of the San Gabriel 

Mountains, the Santa Clara River, and Antelope 

Valley.

Management Structure

A partnership of land management agencies, 

conservation organizations and recreation 

interests would be created. The key roles of the 

partnership would be to administer the network, 

share information between partners, and create a 

comprehensive plan. Lands would continue to be 

owned and managed by the current owners.

NPS Role

The NPS could provide initial planning and 

administrative assistance for a specifi ed term. 

Afterward, the NPS would provide continuing 

technical assistance to the partnership on a 

more limited scale, including the development of 

interpretive and educational materials. The NPS 

would operate a California Mediterranean Research 

Learning Center satellite offi ce in the study area. 

Opportunities for collaboration with the San Dimas 

Experimental Forest would be explored. The Juan 

Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail and the Old 

Spanish National Historic Trail would work under 

existing authorities to increase interpretation, 

education, and recreational opportunities.

Funding

The partnership could establish a fundraising 

organization or be a coordinating body for existing 

grant programs. The partnership would leverage 

funds from a variety of sources (e.g. state bonds, 

Land & Water Conservation Fund) to increase and 

prioritize funds for new parks, trails, and open 

spaces within the network. Congressional funding 

would allow the NPS to provide initial planning 

assistance to the partnership.

Why this is Important

This alternative concept would increase open 

space, provide new recreational opportunities in 

underserved areas, and foster a regional identity 

based on being part of a broader ecosystem. In 

addition to expanding parks and recreation areas, 

the parks and open space network would provide 

additional habitat connections to signifi cant 

natural resources in the San Gabriel Mountains, 

Puente-Chino Hills and the isolated pockets of 

rare native plant communities located throughout 

the San Gabriel Valley and Los Angeles coastal 

plain. Enhanced habitat connections would 

strengthen regional biodiversity. Additionally, the 

parks and open space system would provide more 

opportunities for the public to learn about and 

enjoy the signifi cant cultural resources of the region 

such as the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic 

Trail and the Old Spanish National Historic Trail. 

Sites important to interpreting these trails could be 

incorporated into the network.
 Acronyms And Abbreviations 295

ADA – Americans with Disabilities Act

ANF – Angeles National Forest 

ALUC – Airport Land Use Commission

BLM – Bureau of Land Management

CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps

CDC – California Department of Conservation

CDFG – California Department of Fish and Game

CEDD - California Employment Development 

Department

CEQ – Council of Environmental Quality

CFR – Code of Federal Regulations

CNDDB – California Natural Diversity Database

CDPR – California Department of Parks and 

Recreation, also California State Parks

FC – Species identifi ed by the U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service as a candidate for listing under the 

Endangered Species Act.

FE – (Federally listed endangered species) A species 

listed as endangered under the Endangered Species 

Act

FESA – Federal Endangered Species Act

FMMP - Farmland Mapping and Monitoring 

Program

FR – Federal Register

FT – (Federally listed threatened species) A species 

listed as threatened under the Endangered Species 

Act

IBA – International Bird Area

IRWMP – Integrated regional water management 

plan 

JPA – Joint Powers Authority

LA – Los Angeles

LACEDC - Los Angeles County Economic 

Development Corporation

LADPW – Los Angeles Department of Public Works

LAFCO – Local Agency Formation Commission

LWCF – Land and Water Conservation Fund

MRCA – Mountains Recreation and Conservation 

Authority

NCCP – Natural Community Conservation Planning 

Program

NEPA – National Environmental Policy Act

NHL – National Historic Landmark

NF – National Forest

NNL – National Natural Landmark

NM – National Monument

NP – National Park

NPS – National Park Service

NRA – National Recreation Area

NRCS – Natural Resources Conservation Service, 

United States Department of Agriculture

NRHP – National Register of Historic Places

OHV – Off-highway Vehicles

PCT – Pacifi c Crest Trail

PEPC – National Park Service Planning, Environment 

and Public Comment Website

PHLF – Puente Hills Landfi ll

PL – Public Law

RCD – Resource Conservation District

RCPG – Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide

RLC – Research Learning Center

RMC – Lower Los Angeles and San Gabriel 

Rivers and Mountains Conservancy or Rivers and 

Mountains Conservancy

RWMG – Regional Water Management Group

RNA – Research Natural Area

SCAG – Southern California Association of 

Governments

SDEF – San Dimas Experimental Forest

SHPO – state historic preservation offi cer

SP – State Park

SRS – Special Resource Study

USACOE – United States Army Corps of Engineers 

also U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientifi c 

and Cultural Organization

USDA – United States Department of Agriculture

USFS – United States Forest Service, U.S. Forest 

Service, Forest Service

USFWS – United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or Fish and Wildlife 

Service

WCA – Watershed Conservation Authority

WPA – Works Progress Administration

WRP – Water Reclamation Plant

Acronyms and Abbreviations
296 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Glossary

Alkali: Used in reference to materials that are rich 

in sodium and/or potassium.

Alluvial fan: A fan-shaped pile of sediment that 

forms where a rapidly fl owing mountain stream 

enters a relatively fl at valley. As water slows down, 

it deposits sediment (alluvium) that gradually builds 

a fan.

Alluvium: An unconsolidated accumulation of 

stream-deposited sediments, including sands, silts, 

clays or gravels.

Alternatives – A collection of actions assembled to 

provide reasonable options for solutions to problems. 

Anorthosite: a coarse-grained plutonic igneous 

rock consisting almost entirely of plagioclase 

feldspar.

Archean Eon: The time interval between 3800-

2500 million years ago. The Archean is one of the 

Precambrian time intervals. 

Archeology: The science that focuses on the study 

of past human cultures.

Arksoic (arkose): A variety of sandstone 

containing abundant feldspar and quartz, 

frequently in angular, poorly sorted grains.

Astrophysics: is the application of the principles 

of physics to astronomical objects beyond the 

earth; also, the branch of astronomy concerned 

mainly with the properties and structures of cosmic 

objects, including the universe as a whole. 

Augen: Augen are relatively large, eye-shaped 

mineral grains in certain types of metamorphic 

rocks, especially schist and gneiss. (Augen = eyes in 

German)

Basement rocks: The igneous and metamorphic 

rocks that exist below the oldest sedimentary cover. 

In some areas such as shields the basement rocks 

may be exposed at the surface.

Basin: A circular, syncline-like depression of strata 

or the site of accumulation of a large thickness of 

sediments. 

Batholith: A very large intrusive igneous rock mass 

that has been exposed by erosion and with an 

exposed surface area of over 100 square kilometers. 

A batholith has no known fl oor. 

Bedrock: Solid rock present beneath any soil, 

sediment or other surface cover. In some locations it 

may be exposed at Earth’s surface. 

Biotite: A common rock-forming mineral of the 

mica family. Biotite is a black or dark brown silicate 

rich in iron, magnesium, potassium, aluminum, and, 

of course, silica. Like other micas, it forms fl at booklike crystals that peal apart into individual sheets on 

cleavage planes.

Breccia: A clastic sedimentary rock that is 

composed of large (over two millimeter diameter) 

angular fragments. The spaces between the large 

fragments can be fi lled with a matrix of smaller 

particles or a mineral cement which binds the rock 

together 

Cenozoic Era: The time span between 66.4 million 

years ago to the present. 

Clastic: A sedimentary rock composed of fragments 

(clasts) of pre-existing rock or fossils. 

Conglomerate: A sedimentary rock made of 

rounded rock fragments, such as pebbles, cobbles, 

and boulders, in a fi ner-grained matrix. To call 

the rock a conglomerate, some of the constituent 

pebbles must be at least 2 mm (about 1/13th of an 

inch) across. 

Continental Margin: The interval between the 

shore and the ocean fl oor; includes the continental 

shelf, rise, and slope. 

Convergent Plate Boundary: A boundary in 

which two plates collide. The collision can be 

between two continents (continental collision), an 

relatively dense oceanic plate and a more buoyant 

continental plate (subduction zone) or two oceanic 

plates (subduction zone). 

Craton: The relatively stable nucleus of a continent. 

Cratons are made up of a shield-like core of 

Precambrian Rock and a buried extension of the 

shield. 

Critical habitat – habitat designated as critical 

for a particular species under the Endangered 

Species Act, including areas on which are found 

those physical or biological features essential to the 

conservation of the species.

Crystalline: Being, relating to, or composed of 

crystal or crystals.

Crust: The rocky, relatively low density, outermost 

layer of the Earth.

Cultural landscape – a geographic area, including 
 Glossary 297

both the cultural and natural resources, associated 

with a historic event, activity, or person, or 

exhibiting cultural or aesthetic values. A way of 

seeing landscapes that emphasizes the interaction 

between human beings and nature over time. A 

traditional ranching area might be part of a cultural 

landscape.

Cumulative impacts – The incremental effects of 

an individual project reviewed in connection with 

the effects of past projects, the effects of other 

current projects, and the effects of probable future 

projects in order to ascertain the overall effect on 

the environment. A cumulative impact assessment 

is a requirement of NEPA.

Dacite: An igneous, volcanic rock with a high iron 

content.

Debris fl ow: A type of landslide made up of a 

mixture of water-saturated rock debris and soil 

with a consistency similar to wet cement. Debris 

fl ows move rapidly downslope under the infl uence 

of gravity. Sometimes referred to as earth fl ows or 

mud fl ows.

Deformation: General term for folding, faulting, 

and other processes resulting from shear, 

compression, and extension of rocks.

Deposition: The settling from suspension of 

transported sediments. Also, the precipitation of 

chemical sediments from mineral rich waters. 

Dike: A sheet-like or tabular-shaped igneous 

intrusion that cuts across the sedimentary layering, 

metamorphic foliation, or other texture of a preexisting rock.

Diorite: Intrusive igneous rock made of plagioclase 

feldspar and amphibole and/or pyroxene. 

Direct impacts (or effects): primary environmental 

effects that are caused by a project and occur at the 

same time and place.

Drainage: Any channel that carries water.

Endemic: restricted to or native to a particular area 

or region.

Eon: The largest time unit on the geologic time 

scale.

Epoch: A subdivision of geologic time that is longer 

than an age but shorter than a period. The Tertiary 

Period is divided into fi ve epochs. From most recent 

to oldest they are: Pliocene, Miocene, Oligocene, 

Eocene and Paleocene.

Era: A subdivision of geologic time that is 

longer than a period but shorter than an eon. 

Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic 

are the eras of the time scale from oldest to 

youngest.

Erosion: A general term applied to the wearing 

away and movement of earth materials by gravity, 

wind, water and ice.

Environmental assessment (EA) – A concise 

public document that provides evidence and 

analysis of the potential environmental and 

socioeconomic impacts of a proposed federal 

action. An EA provides suffi cient information for 

determining whether to prepare an Environmental 

Impact Statement (EIS) or a Finding of No 

Signifi cant Impact (FONSI). An EA includes brief 

discussions of the need for the proposal, of 

alternatives, of the environmental impacts of the 

proposed action and alternatives, and a listing of 

agencies and persons consulted. Required by the 

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

Fault: A fracture or fracture zone in rock along 

which movement has occurred.

Fault System: Two or more fault sets which 

interconnect.

Fault Zone: A fault expressed as an area of 

numerous small fractures.

Feldspar (and feldspathic): Family of silicate 

minerals containing varying amounts of potassium, 

sodium and calcium along with aluminum, 

silicon and oxygen. Potassium feldspars contain 

considerable potassium. Plagioclase feldspars 

contain considerable sodium and calcium. Feldspar 

crystals are stubby prisms, generally white, gray, or 

pink. 

Flood Plain: An area of alluvium-covered, relatively 

level land along the banks of a stream that is 

covered with water when the stream leaves its 

channel during a time of high fl ow. Fluvial

Fluvial: Term used to describe river or streamrelated features or processes. Fluvial deposits

are sediments deposited by the fl owing water of a 

stream.

Formation (geologic): A laterally continuous rock 

unit with a distinctive set of characteristics that 

make it possible to recognize and map from one 

outcrop or well to another. 

Fossil: Remains, imprints or traces of an ancient 

organism that have been preserved in the rock 

record. Bones, shells, casts, tracks and excrement 

can all become fossils.
298 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

Gabbro: A dark, coarse-grained intrusive igneous 

rock. Gabbro is made of calcium-rich plagioclase, 

with amphibole and/or pyroxene, and is chemically 

equivalent to basalt.

Garnet: Family of silicate minerals containing 

varying amounts of aluminum, iron, magnesium, 

and calcium. Schist and gneiss often have tiny, 

glassy red garnet dodecahedrons.

Geomorphic province: Naturally defi ned 

geologic regions that display a distinct landscape 

or landform. Earth scientists recognize eleven 

provinces in California. Each region displays 

unique, defi ning features based on geology, faults, 

topographic relief and climate.

Gneiss: A coarse-grained, foliated rock produced 

by regional metamorphism. The mineral grains 

within gneiss are elongated due to pressure and the 

rock has a compositional banding due to chemical 

activity.

Granitic: A general term for intrusive igneous 

rocks that look similar to granite but may range 

in composition from quartz-diorite to granite. All 

granitic rocks are light colored; feldspar and quartz 

are visible in hand specimen. 

Granodiorite: An intrusive igneous rock similar 

to granite, but contains more plagioclase than 

potassium feldspar.

Groundwater: Water that exists below the water 

table in the zone of saturation. Ground water 

moves slowly in the same direction that the water 

table slopes.

Ground Water Recharge Area: A location where 

surface water or precipitation can infi ltrate into 

the ground and replenish the water supply of an 

aquifer.

Habitat: The physical location or type of 

environment in which an organism or biological 

population lives or occurs; often characterized by a 

dominant plant form or physical characteristics (ie., 

the oak-savanna, wetland, or a coastal habitat).

Holocene: An epoch of the Quaternary Period 

beginning 10,000 years ago and continuing today.

Hornblende: A rock made up mostly amphibole 

and plagioclase feldspar. Although the name 

amphibolite usually refers to a type of metamorphic 

rock, an igneous rock composed dominantly of 

amphibole can be called an amphibolite too.

Hydrology: The science of Earth’s water, its 

movement, abundance, chemistry and distribution 

on, above and below Earth’s surface. 

Igneous Rock: A rock formed by the crystallization 

of magma or lava.

Indirect impacts (or effects): Also referred to as 

secondary effects, indirect impacts are caused by a 

project and occur later in time or at some distance 

from the project; however, they are still reasonably 

foreseeable.

Infrastructure: A general term describing public 

and quasi-public utilities and facilities such as roads, 

bridges, sewers and sewer plants, water lines, storm 

drainage, power lines, parks and recreation, public 

libraries, fi re stations, sidewalks and streetlights. 

Can also be considered a permanent installation 

such as lighting, sidewalks, buildings and water 

systems.

Inholding: private land located within publicly 

owned land areas. 

Intermittent fl ow: fl ow regimes occur irregularly 

or seasonally

Irreversible impacts: effects that cannot be 

changed over the long term or are permanent. 

Irretrievable impacts: effects to resources that, 

once gone, cannot be replaced. 

Landslide: A downslope movement of rock and 

soil over a failure surface and under the infl uence of 

gravity. Slumps, earthfl ows, debris fl ows and debris 

slides are examples.

Mafi c: A term used to describe an igneous rock 

that has a large percentage of dark-colored 

minerals such as amphibole, pyroxene and 

olivine. Mafi c rocks are generally rich in iron and 

magnesium. Basalt and gabbro are examples of 

mafi c rocks.

Mineral: A naturally occurring chemical compound 

or limited mixture of chemical compounds. Minerals 

generally form crystals and have specifi c physical 

and chemical properties which can be used to 

identify them. 

Mitigation: Mitigation includes: (a) Avoiding an 

impact altogether by not taking a certain action 

or parts of an action; (b) Minimizing impacts by 

limiting the degree or magnitude of the action 

and its implementation; (c) rectifying the impact by 

repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected 

environment; (d) Reducing or eliminating the 

impact over time by preservation and maintenance 

operations during the life of the action; (e) 

compensating for the impact by replacing or 
 Glossary 299

providing substitute resources or environments.

Metamorphic: A rock that has undergone 

chemical or structural changes produced by 

increase in heat or pressure, or by replacement of 

elements by hot, chemically active fl uids.

Miocene: An Epoch that includes the time interval 

of about 23.7 to 5.3 million years ago.

Monzonite: An intermediate igneous intrusive rock 

composed of approximately equal amounts of sodic 

to intermediate plagioclase and orthoclase feldspars 

with minor amounts of hornblende, biotite, and 

other minerals

Mylonite (mylonitic): A brecciated metamorphic 

rock frequently found in a fault zone. The fractured 

texture is thought to form by the crushing actions 

of fault movement. 

National Park System: the sum total of the land 

and water now or heretoafter administered by the 

Secretary of the Interior through the National Park 

Service for park, monument, historic, parkway, 

recreational or other purposes.

North American Plate: The North American Plate 

is a tectonic plate covering most of North America, 

Greenland, Cuba, Bahamas, and parts of Siberia, 

Japan, and Iceland.

Orogeny: A compressive tectonic process that 

results in intense folding, reverse faulting, crustal 

thickening, uplift and deep plutonic activity. A 

mountain-building episode.

Paleomagnetism: The study of Earth’s magnetic 

fi eld over time. When rocks that contain magnetic 

minerals are deposited, the character (vertical and 

horizontal orientation) of Earth’s magnetic fi eld is 

locked within the rocks. This information can be 

used to study changes in Earth’s magnetic fi eld as 

well as the movement of plates over time.

Paleontology: The study of ancient life through 

fossils.

Paleozoic Era: Includes the time from about 

570-245 million years ago. 

Pacifi c Plate: An oceanic tectonic plate beneath 

the Pacifi c Ocean.

Plate Tectonics: The theory that the Earth’s outer 

shell is made up of about a dozen lithospheric 

plates that move about and interact at their 

boundaries. 

Playa: Playas are shallow, short-lived lakes that 

form where water drains into basins with no 

outlet to the sea and quickly evaporates. Playas are 

common features in arid (desert) regions and are 

among the fl attest landforms in the world. 

Pleistocene Epoch: The earliest Epoch of the 

Quaternary Period, beginning about 1.6 million 

years ago and ending 10,000 years ago. Commonly 

known as the ‘Ice Age’, a time with episodes of 

widespread continental glaciation.

Pliocene: The latest Epoch of the Tertiary Period, 

beginning about 5.3 million years ago and ending 

1.6 million years ago.

Pluton: A large body of intrusive igneous rock that 

solidifi ed within the crust. Batholiths and Stocks are 

types of plutons.

Porphyry: A variety of igneous rock consisting of 

large-grained crystals, such as feldspar or quartz, 

dispersed in a fi ne-grained feldspathic matrix or 

groundmass.

Precambrian: The ‘unoffi cial’ time period that 

encompasses all time from the Earth’s formation, 

4.55 billion years ago to 570 million years ago, the 

beginning of the Paleozoic Era. 

Prime Farmland: land that has the best 

combination of physical and chemical characteristics 

for producing food, feed, forage, fi ber, and oilseed 

crops and that is available for these uses.

Proterozoic Eon: The ‘Precambrian’ time interval 

from 2.5 billion to 570 million years ago. 

Pyroxene: Family of silicate minerals containing 

iron, magnesium, and calcium in varying amounts. 

Differ from amphibole family by lack of water in the 

crystals. 

Quaternary: The most recent Period of the 

Cenozoic Era. This era encompasses the time 

interval of 1.6 million years ago through today.

Rift Zone: A region of Earth’s crust along which 

divergence is taking place. A linear zone of volcanic 

activity and faulting usually associated with 

diverging plates or crustal stretching.

Right-Lateral Fault: A fault with horizontal 

movement. If you are standing on one side of the 

fault and look across it, the block on the opposite 

side of the fault has moved to the right

Riparian (land, area or habitat) – The land and 

vegetation bordering a natural watercourse such 

as a river or stream. Riparian habitat provides 

food, nesting habitat, cover, migration corridors, 

riverbank protection, erosion control and improved 
300 Draft San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment 

water quality, and numerous recreational and 

esthetic values.

Sag pond: A body of water, which forms as water 

collects in the lowest parts of the depression that 

forms between two strands of an active strike-slip 

fault. The relative motion of the two fault strands 

results in a stretching of the land between them, 

causing the land between them to sink.

Sediment: A loose, unconsolidated deposit 

of weathering debris, chemical precipitates or 

biological debris that accumulates on Earth’s 

surface.

Schist: A metamorphic rock containing abundant 

particles of mica, characterized by strong foliation, 

and originating from a metamorphism in which 

directed pressure plays a signifi cant role.

Siltstone: A clastic sedimentary rock that forms 

from silt-size (between 1/256 and 1/16 millimeter 

diameter) weathering debris.

Socioeconomic analysis – The task of assessing 

the impact of a plan or project on a community’s 

or region’s social structure, on a community’s fi scal 

health, on a region’s economic basis, and similar 

socioeconomic considerations.

Special Resource Study: A study conducted by 

the National Park Service to determine whether 

an area is appropriate to be managed as a unit of 

the National Park System. It considers whether: (1) 

the resources in the area are nationally signifi cant, 

(2) there are other means of protecting the area’s 

resources, (3) the area’s resources are already 

represented in the National Park System, and (4) if 

it is feasible for the NPS to protect and manage the 

resources. 

State land conservancy – An independent state 

agency established to fund or acquire and manage 

land in order to preserve open space or habitat, 

provide for low-impact recreational or educational 

uses, or other similar purposes, with a specifi c 

regional focus.

Subduction Zone: An area at a convergent plate 

boundary where an oceanic plate is being forced 

down into the mantle beneath another plate. These 

can be identifi ed by a zone of progressively deeper 

earthquakes. 

Subsidence: A lowering of the land surface in 

response to subsurface weathering, collapse or 

slow settlement of underground mines, or the 

production of subsurface fl uids such as ground 

water or oil.

Surfi cial materials: Any loose, unconsolidated 

sedimentary deposit lying on bedrock. 

Syenite: A coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock 

of the same general composition as granite but 

with the quartz either absent or present in relatively 

small amounts (<5%).

Tertiary Period: The earliest Period of the Cenozoic 

Era, beginning about 66.4 million years ago and 

ending 1.6 million years ago. 

Terrane: A rock formation or assemblage of rock 

formations that share a common geologic history. A 

geologic terrane is distinguished from neighboring 

terranes by its different history, either in its 

formation or in its subsequent deformation and/or 

metamorphism. Terranes are separated by faults. 

Topography: The shape of Earth’s surface or the 

geometry of landforms in a geographic area.

Transform Fault/Transform Plate Boundary: A 

strike-slip fault that connects offsets in a mid-ocean 

ridge.

Thrust Fault: A reverse fault that has a dip of less 

than 45 degrees.

Unconsolidated: A term used when referring to 

sediment that has not been lithifi ed into a rock. 

Uplift: A structurally high area in Earth’s crust 

formed by movements that bend the crust into a 

structure such as a dome or an arch.

Volcanic rock: Igneous rock that cools and 

solidifi es at or very near the Earth’s surface. 

Volcanoes produce volcanic rock.

Wash: A normally dry stream bed that occasionally 

fi lls with water.

Watershed: The geographic area that contributes 

runoff to a stream. It can be outlined on a 

topographic map by tracing the points of highest 

elevation (usually ridge crests) between two 

adjacent stream valleys. The watershed of a large 

river usually contains the watersheds of many 

smaller streams. 

Zoning – The division of a city or county into 

areas, or zones, which specify allowable uses for 

real property and size restrictions for buildings 

and lots within these areas. A zoning ordinance 

is a law that divides land into zones, specifi es uses 

permitted in each zone, and standards required 

for each use. Typical zoning classifi cations include 

different types of agricultural, residential, industrial 

and commercial zones.
 References 301

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Preparers 

CORE STUDY TEAM

The core study team was based in the National 

Park Service’s Pacifi c West Regional Offi ce in 

Oakland, California. Core study team members 

were responsible for public involvement and 

outreach materials, research, writing and analysis 

related to study area resources, development of 

the alternatives, environmental compliance, and 

production of the draft study report.

Jean Boscacci, Outdoor Recreation Planner

Barbara Butler, Landscape Architect

Mamie Choy, Landscape Architect

Martha Crusius, Senior Planner, Project Manager

Brad Phillips, Outdoor Recreation Planner

EXTENDED STUDY TEAM 

The extended study team included NPS Pacifi c West 

Regional Offi ce staff that provided assistance and 

expertise for specifi c aspects of the study.

Jim Donovan, Rivers, Trails, and Conservation 

Assistance Program, Los Angeles. Participated 

in alternatives development, technical review of 

resource signifi cance, public meeting facilitation.

Anne Dove, Rivers, Trails, and Conservation 

Assistance Program, Los Angeles. Contributed 

research and writing related to recreational 

resources, technical review of resource signifi cance, 

participated in alternatives development, public 

meeting facilitation. 

Peg Henderson, Rivers, Trails, and Conservation 

Assistance Program, Oakland. Contributed research 

and writing related to recreational resources and 

partnership opportunities.

Elaine Jackson-Retondo, Historian, National Register 

& National Historic Landmarks Program. Technical 

review of cultural resource signifi cance.

Mark Rudo, Archeologist. Contributed analysis 

and writing related to archeological chronology 

and resources, technical review of cultural resource 

signifi cance.

Robert Rossman, Environmental Compliance 

Specialist. Primary author of the environmental 

consequences. 

Rose Rumball-Petre, Environmental Compliance 

Specialist. Technical review of resource signifi cance. 

Michael Sawlin, Geologist, National Natural 

Landmarks Coordinator. Provided guidance on 

geologic research and potential signifi cance.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PARTNER 

AGENCIES

Agency partners assisted the study process by 

providing general advice and guidance, resource 

information, meeting facilitation, technical reviews, 

mailing lists, meeting sponsorship, etc.

Lower Los Angeles and San Gabriel 

Rivers and Mountains Conservancy

Jane Beesley, Deputy Executive Offi cer, Watershed 

Conservation Authority

Belinda Faustinos, Former Executive Offi cer

Valorie Shatynski, Deputy Executive Offi cer

Frank Simpson, Consultant

Luz Torres, Staff Biologist

Marybeth Vergara, Project Manager

U.S. Forest Service: 

Marty Dumpis, Recreation, Heritage Resources, 

Special Uses, and Lands Staff Offi cer

Mike McIntyre, Los Angeles River District Ranger

Jody Noiron, Former Forest Supervisor

Darrel Vance, Forest Archaeologist/ Heritage 

Program Manager

L’Tanga Watson, San Gabriel River District Ranger

Sherry Rollman, Public Affairs Offi cer