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Although the Parkway Is considering altering the uses to which these
structures are committed, the authors of this report have not been Informed of
the precise plans or options under evaluation,

The current uses of the four bulldings descrIbed here are grossly appropri ate
to thelr architectural and historical type. Modification of current use
patterns, however, may offer opportunities to bring the bulldings to greater
publtc appreciation and use, At this time, the ground level of the Manor
House {s the only Interior space open to the public. In addition, current use
of the structures does little to explain to the public the major points of
historic interest of Moses Cone's viston and administratton of the estate.

From an architectural point of view, there is [tttle to impede adaptation of
any of these four buildings to historically appropriate use, whether that use
constitutes agricultural functions, historic display or administrative and
support functions for the Cone proper ty.

HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STRUCTURE
The Moses Cone estate Is significant primarily for the follow!Ing reasons:

1s The importance of the Cone family in the development of the Southern
textile industry.

2. The breadth of vision that Moses Cone had for the estate. In the
heart of a mountain territory inhabited by smail, subsistance tamity
farms, the Cone family estab! Ished a near "feudal" estate, with
state-of-the-art agricultural Jand use and husbandry practices in
place. The creative land plan executed by Moses Cone, the scope of
construction required to create miles of carrtage tratls,
romantically sited man-made lakes, etc. are of great historic
interest.

3. The size and quailty of construction of the manor house and carriage
barn are unmatched by other private residences in the Blowing Rock
area. Although these structures are excel lent perlod pleces, they
would be of relatively less significance in an older metropol | tan
area, such as Winston Salem or Attante, The scope of construction
undertaken by Moses Cone, however, at a time of jImited road and
train access to the mountains, renders these bulldtngs as @ great
achl evenent.

4, The potential relationship that the estate and these structures has
to the Parkway system and the resort town of Blowing Rock. The
carriage tralls, lakes and other properties of the estate have a
unique relationship to neighboring resort and nature centers. The
Cone property Is immediately accessIbie to the Town of Slowing Rock
by pedestrians, It also adjoins the Blue Ridge Parkway and Price


APPENDIX D
CONE FAMILY GENEOLOGY
Generation A

qu

Moses Kahn (b. 1781 d, 4/28/1853) married Klara (Gidele}) Marx {d. 1829) at
Altenstadt on/Mler. They were both buried there.

Children:

. Babette 1810-1891
Nanette 3/8/1812 - 4/6/1881
Elise 1813 - 12/31/1893
Samson 9/7/1815 ~ 3/6/1886
Sofie 8/16/1825 - 9/5/1916
Karoline 11/12/1817 - 1/8/1899
Fanny -
Mina 5/6/1821 - 1897
Bella _
Herman* 6/3/1828 - 4/7/1897

*Changed name from Kahn to Cone upon immigration to U.S.

A-10 Herman Cone married Hellen (Ellen) Guggenheimer of Lynchburg, Virginia
(b, 3/8/1838 d. 12/17/1902), married in Richmond, Virginia on 9/25/1856,
Came to U.S, at age 16 (1845) to Richmond, Virginia, c/o Sister Elise
Hirsh. Moved to Haltimore from Jonesboro, Tennessee in 1870. Moved
to 1616 Eutaw Place about 1883.

Children:
Moses H. 6/29/1857 — 12/8/1908
Ceasar 4/22/1859 - 3/1/1917
Carrie 2/2/1861 - 7/6/1927
Monroe 9/11/1862 ~ 7/6/1891
Claribel 11/14/1864 - 9/20/1929
Albert 12/6/1866 — 3/18/1867
Solomon 1/7/1868 - 7/6/1939
Sydney M. 11/16/1869 - 12/19/1939
Etta 11/30/1870 - 8/31/1949
Julius W. 11/26/1872 - 5/17/1940
Bernard M, 9/21/1874 - 5/21/1956
Clarence W. 10/4/1876 - 3/13/1929
Frederick W. 8/27/1878 - 5/20/1944
Generation B
B41 Moses H. Cone married 2/15/88 Bertha Lindau (b. 4/1/1858 d.

6/8/1947), Bertha Lindau Cone establishes the "Moses H. Cone
Memorial Hospital" in Greensboro, North Carolina on her death,
June 8/1947. No children

B2 Ceasar Cone married Jeanette Siegel (b. 9/18/1872}
d. December 1962) on June 4, 1894.

Children:
Herman 5/2/1895 - 12/10/1955

Benjamin 8/10/1899

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23

The Apple Orchards

As stated earlier, there can be little doubt that at the turn of the century,
the single most significant economic force in the Blowing Rock community was
the Cone Estate. That portion of the Estate which required the largest labor
force was the extensive apple orchards which were begun by Moses Cone.

The Orchards consisted of approximately 300 acres, distributed over three
separate locations. Sawmill Orchard, the area just south of the Manor House,
included the largest apple barn, where most of the business transactions associated
with the Orchards occurred. In a portion of Blowing Rock, now ygwned by the
Blowing Rock Country Club, was another small section of apples. By far the
largest Orchard, however, was the China Orchard, located just south of U.S.
Highway 221 and to the southwest of the Manor House. All totaled, there were
an estimated 10,000 apple trees on the Estate comprising approxiately 20 varieties
(Appendix E). These included Stayman, Jonathan, Limbertwig, York Imperial,
Virginia Beauty, Winesap, Rome Beauty, Red Delicious, Magnibone, Northern
Spice, Albemarle Pipen, Mammouth Black Twig, Roxberry Russett, Mother Apple
(early variety), Stack Delicious, Baldwin, Rusty Coate, Utoun Pipen, Royal
Limbertwig, and Dragg.

According to Omar Coffey, the Orchard was called China because it was,
“on the other side of the world." The Orchard itself is situated ulong two coves,
separated by a steep ridge, and watered by several spring-fed creeks. The
Orchard's east boundary is China Creek, which is the water shed for the valley.
Apples were planted in sections with the steepest ridges unplanted. With a
southwest orientation, the Orchard was well situated to catch the afternoon
sun.

yore China Orchard yielded between 40,000 and 50,000 bushels in 4 good
year. A continuous growth process and poor soil for apple growing accounts
for this low yield. In many of the steeper sections of the Orchard, rock supports
were built under the trees to make them level. The distance between the trees
in this orchard was often greater than the recommended distance of 40' because
of difficult terrain. However, judging from the remaining trees, there appears
to be as much symmetry as is physically possible.

Clyde Downs says that a tramway was installed in the Orchard around 1910.
It consisted of 2 narrow gauge railroad tracks, upon which a cart was pulled by
a cable operated out of an engine house approximately 75 yards from highway
U.S. 221 and directly across the highway from what is now Sandy Flats Baptist
Church. Two separate tracks led inte the Orchard. ‘The tracks were laid on
locust and chestnut ties (Clyde Downs said chestnut ties did not last as long).
At two places the tracks crossed the main road into the Orchard. These sections
of track were made removable because they crossed the road at a slope up to
2' above the ground.

Apple carts were 12’ x 4’ with 15" or 16" wheels, and were interchangeable
between the two tracks. They were stored in 4 shed beside the engine house
and the shed was approximately 17' x 12‘. Gn one occasion when an attempt
was made to bring up three loaded carts at once, the cable broke. The carts
had brakes that were operated by a 2' lever; in order to get the cart down the
longer track safely the brakes had to be used. There was a small hump in the
track that had to be cleared with enough speed to prevent manually pushing the
cart. However, if the jump was glpared with too much speed (without any braking),
"jt was liable to jump the track."


Horseback Riding
Date Unknown

BLRI PKY

Negative # 421 (7B0CA)

Classification # 3061



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HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY
MOSES H. CONE ESTATE

BLOWING ROCK, NORTH CAROLINA

by

Barry M. Buxton

April, 1987




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Manor House

Leaking waste pipe In crawl space under public restrooms on east
side of manor house.

Repair first floor pocket doors. If necessary, replace door tracks,
hardware or doors with materlals matched to origtnai materials.

Replace missing doors of first fioor between hallway and dining
room,

Repl ace missing cupboard doors in first floor dining room.

Investigate peeling and blistering paint in second floor east wing
bathroom. Determine If mofsture Is causing pesting. Repair
bulldtng shell, plumbtng or other cause of molsture in wall before
sanding and repalnting bathroan,

Replace finish ceiling materlals In attic that were removed during
recent roof repalr.

Servant Quarters

Lower grade and reseed at north end of structure, where wood siding
currently ts In contact with ground. Perform termite inspection of

structure,

Carriage Barn

Repair stone retaining walls and bulld protective fencing.

Appl e Barn

Reg! aze broken windows. Survey al| windows for rot In sIlls, sashes
and muntins. Replace rotten manbers. Caulk aif windows to preserve
or establish weather seat. Remove boarding nafled over damaged
windows.

Repl ace damaged siding on east side of apple barn.

Document cracks In stucco on foundation over three basement
openings. Reparge foundation walls with waterproof cement stucco
where needed. Monitor foundation for possIble ongolng sett! enent.

Document and store nineteenth century elevator mechanism in loft.
Stabilize or repair mechanism,


Moses H. and Bertha |. Cone

_Site and Date Unknown
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Classification # 920



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13

Both Claribel and Etta graduated from Baltimore public high school, and
Claribel went on to complete her medical degree. Dr. Claribel would eventually
be internationally esteemed for her research and scholarly papers in the field
of pathology, but after World War 1 she gradually grew away from her medical
interests and focused rather more intensely on art collecting as a vocation.
Miss Etta managed the Cone family household and in 1901 made the first of what
would become almost annual trips abroad where under the tutelage of Leo and
Gertrude Stein, she became a passionate art collector. Etta and Henri Matisse,
whom she first met in 1906, became lifelong friends. The Cone sisters’
commitment to the art of Matisse resulted in their acquisition of forty-two of
his oils (at lease one painting representing every year of the artist's work between
1917 and 1940), cighteen sculptures, thirty-six drawings, 155 prints, seven
illustrated books, plus 250 items related to the artist's illustrations for Mallarme's
Poesies. With almost equal intensity, the sisters collected early works on paper
by Pablo Picasso, eventually including 113 works by the artist in their collection,
the majority dating from 1905-1906.

The first Cone Wing at The Baltimore Museum of Art, endowed through
a funding bequest of Etta Cone, was dedicated on February 23, 1957. The Cone
Wing was renovated and reinstalled, with the important addition of the recon-
structed Cone apartment room sponsored by Cone family members, in 1974,
The Cone Wing 1986, dedicated on June 14, 1986, features major renovetions
made possible through generous grants from Black & Decker, and from the City
of Baltimore, the State of Meryland, and the National Endowment for the Arts.
The Cone Wing 1986 includes modernized security and climate control systems
as well as entirely new lighting, ceiling, wail, and floor treatment. A special
orientation area in the Wing focuses on two vignettes reconstructing rooms from
the Cone sisters’ original Mariborough Apartments, recreated in recognition
of the Cone Family sponsorship. The expanded gallery space of The Cone Wing
1986 has permitted a broadened and enhanced presentation of The Cone Collection,
including display of many works previously in storage. Specially designed cases
allow the exhibition, on a rotating basis, of important works on paper from The
Cone Collection, offen displayed in conjunction with major paintings and sculpture
of related subjects,

Samples of the Cone Collection and additional information on the Baltimore
Museum are provided in Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta (Appendix C).

Family Genealogy

As stated previously, Moses Cone was the eldest son of Iierman Cone (1828-
1897) and one of thirteen children born to Ilerman and Helen Guggenheimer Cone,
In 1888, at the age of 30, Moses Cone married Bertha Lindau of Baltimore. Theirs
was, by all accounts, a life of love and devotion to one another. They did not,
however, have children.

Bertha had two sisters, Clementine and Sophie, who spent summers on
the Estate with Moses and Bertha. Both sisters were also from Baltimore and
they never married. Clementine was said to be somewhat eccentric and was
under psychiatric care in later years. She always wore black and spent most
of her time alone. She seldom left the Estate and never attended social functions
in Blowing Rock. Sophie, on the olher hand, was more social and enjoyed
exchanging pleasantries with workers on the Estate, She had her own car and
often attended social functions in the Blowing Rock community.


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Lake nature reserve. The Moses Cone estate Is thus untquely
situated; able to be reached by both focal residents and tourists on
foot, accessible by car off the Parkway, and connected to horse and
carriage tralts thet span the local enylrons.

EXISTING CONDITIONS

The existing conditions of the four structures inciuded in this study are
described accurately In the accompanying plans. None of the four structures
contains an appreciable amount of original furnishings, al though the carriage
barn and apple barn do cantain several pleces of “Industrial" artifacts
associated with thelr orfginal agricuitural use (such as |ifts and hardware).

The oral and written section of this report, prepared by the Appalachlan
Consortium, describes the histerfc use of the property and changes In use over
time. The single greatest change fn tne use ot the estate occurred at the
time that the property was functionally (vs. fegally) placed in the possession
of the Parkway. Since that time, the manor house has converted to use as a
craft faclilty and the outlying structures converted to the uses described
above, Thus, an active agricultural enterprise and luxury residence became @
non-profit craft shop and set of nature tralls. Agricultural uses became
secondary to serving the many visitors reaching the estate over the past two
decades.

The addition of a parktng |ot at the Parkway side of the property has forced
visitors to approach the manor house fran the opposite direction In which it
was designed. Of alt the changes brought to the estate over the term of
contro} by the Parkway, this has perhaps the most negative effect on visitors?
perceptions about the nature of the manor house. Alternatives to this "back
door approach” are discussed in greater detatl In the Section "Recommended
Actions" which foliows in this report.

The exciusfon of the public from the many dramatic and historical iy
Interesting interiors of the second floor and attic of the manor house, the
carriage barn and apple barn are unfortunate. The carriage barn, In
particular, 1s in exceltent condition for public use.

The Importance of the fand planning and agricultural/Industrial character of
Cone Estate is not recognized in the uses currently allowed on the property.
Gone are carrtage rides, operating farm enterprises (except for grazing
cattle) and other act!vities that Moses Cone planned for the tand. Also
hidden from casual view Is the soclat and econamic importance the estate had
on the neighboring community and tenant farmers employed by the Cones.

Other major changes in the phystcal condition of the manor house and
outbuildings Include:


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Mann IE et HE

‘THIS TWOERTURE, made and entered inte thia Geek
day of - , 194g, by and between THE MOSES H. CONE
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, © charitable corporation organized and @x-

ae iating under the laws of the State of Worth Carolin, porein-
after sometines called The Hospital, ard the ORITED STATES OF
AYERICA, hereinafter som tines referred to as Ths Government,

MITRESSETH?
THAT, WHEREAS, by an indenture executed on the 30th
day of Mey, 1911, Bertha L. Cone senvayed ta The Hospital, as

Trust: the property, berelnafter described, located in

Watauge County, North Carolina, and mown as the Flat Top Manor .
Estate; and, under the provisions of gaid indenture, the prop-
erty was to bo held by The Hospitel, after the death of the
said Bertha L. Con, In porpatuity, under the name of THE MOSES
H. GOWE MEWORIAL PARK, 0a a park and plessure ground for the
public and as @ memorial to Moses B. Cone, the husband of the
aaid Berths L. Cone; and

WHEREAS, the inienture of 30 May 1921 conveyed the

property to Tha Foapital subject to cortain conditions therein

net out, and provided thet Tre Hospital should hold the anid

property in trust subject to those conditions, and further pro- -
vided that ang violation of any of the aaid conditions by The
7” Hoapital would work @ forfeiture of the sald lands arm that

the said lands would thereupon revert to the heirs of Hoses

EB. Cone, dec od; art

WHEREAS, Bertha L. Cone, the grantor ef the inden- ‘
. ture of 30 May 1911, died on tha ath day of June, 1947, and, «
+ am ascordance with te terms and provisions of the dndenture of
50. ¥ay AB11, The Hoapite! now holde the said Fiat Top Menor vert
Estate in trust as & park and pleasure ground for the public, ws 2

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Sandy Flat Baptist Church
Summer, 1973

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Classification # 728

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30

the leader of the congregation at Sandy Flats, After a few months the group
asked Mrs. Cone for permission to use the building as a permanent church. ThE
Estate's matron agreed and eventually she was to give the building to the church.
This act represents the tolerance that Bertha Cone, a Jew, displayed toward
her Protestant employees and her desire to encourage participation in religious
services.

On February 12, 1928, Sandy Flats Baptist Church was constituted. S.T.
Isenhour, who listed himself as the Clerk Protem, recorded the event in the back
of the church records. A “presbytery,” or committee of preachers, consisting
of Robert Shares, B.F. Willcox, Wesley Ashley, and Ed Robbins presided over
the constitution of the church. (The term presbytery is interesting because it
is usually considered presbytcrian terminology, which no doubt indicates a Calvinist
influence in their religious beliefs.) Judging from the "Roll and Record" and
from recollections, the constitution ceremony was quite serious and formal.
in addition to the presbytery, there were several visitors present, such as Lloyd
Coffey, a deacon from Boone Fork to enhance the occasion. ‘The charter
members were all, "professed church members," who came, "forward and ventured
into the church covenant." Ed Robbins became the elected Pastor, "for the ensuing
year." A post which he seems to have maintained for several years. One
interesting note is that S.T. Isenhour spelled baptist with a 'b', instead of a 'p’,
in the constitution entry. As a result, all of the headings at the top of cach page,
although not in Isenhour's writing, are spelled in the same manner.

An underlying theme of the history of the Sandy Flats Baptist Church is
its connection with the Cone Estate. The meetings that took place before the
Church's constitution were likely inspired by Cone workers, for the charter
membership reflects a heavy percentage of people either employed or supported
by the Estate. Of the 12 charter members (including Ed Robbins) and eight families
represented, half were from the Cone Estate. The Isenhours, Hattars, [ollars,
and Teagues, all from the Estate, were represented in the charter membership
and later became four of the leading families in terms of membership. The
non-Estate charter members were Fd Robbins, the organizer and Pastor, the
I.H. Hendersons, Cloy fenell, who was the maintenance man at Blowing Rock
School, and Rosa Green.

Fifty-six percent of the members at Sandy Flats Church (between 1928-1948)
were affiliated with the Estate. Over the twenty year period, twenty-three
household heads at the Estate werg, members, which is a substantial percentage
of the 30 total homes on the Estate,

Church records note that in the early history of Sandy Flats Church there
were 8 "exclusions," 1 "fellowship withdrawn," and 3 "dropped from the rolls."
Exclusion may occur for several reasons, but usually because of behavior which
was not approved of by the church. Members who joined another denomination
were not given a letter of recommendation. Members were excluded from Sandy
Flats on charges of change of denomination, drinking, and pre-marital sex. There
are no recorded instances of exclusion for dancing, cursing, or card playing,
although these may have been included among the charges levied against those
excluded for drinking or pre-marital sex. One single man was excluded
permanently for drinking; another man was excluded for drinking but later
reinstated so he could move his letter to another church. Two sisters were
excluded for “fornication.” >

A brief biography of some of the early members of Sandy Flats Church
includes the following:


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d-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

K-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

L-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

M-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

N-Wood Storage Barn
O-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

P-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

Q-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

R-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

S-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

T-Carriage Barn

U-Moses Cone lived here while Manor was being built.

dim Smith
John Knight
Will Knight
Tom Bradshaw

Elrod

Rob Walser

Ed Moody
Charlie Crawford
Eugene Hollars
Marion Church

Lee Gilley
Arthur Cox

P. Downs

S. T. Ieenhour
Cc, Clawson
Charlie Icenhour
Carl Hollars

L. Hartley
Henry Henderson
Amos Triplett

Charlie Cannon
John Lewis
Clay Pennel
Lloyd Coffey
Osear Hollars

Jimmy Henderson
George Maltba

Lom Downs
Winn Brown
John Reid

Fred Penne

Ed Underdown
S. T. Ieenhour
Clyde Downs

Y-a. ice, wood, laundry, gas generator
b, servants quarters, men, women

c. dairy barn
d. shop


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"Moses Cone Memorial Park, Beauty Spot for America's Creat ‘Tourist Audiones."
Greensboro Daily News (4/22/51). Describes the flora, fauna, and beautiful
vistas of Ue Moses H. Cone Estate. ‘

"One ‘ime Estates are Popular Areas." Winston-Salem Journn? (9/17/61). A
deseription of the Cone Estate, the Manor House and the occupancy of
the Southern Uighlands Handicraft Guild in Flat Top Manor.

“Rare Girls: ‘The Cone Sisters.” Winston-Salem Journal (6/27/63), A brief
biogvaphy of Wie Cone sislers and the story of thetr famous art collection.

“Vie Cone Family." The State (3/5/49). Brief history of the Cone family and
Moses Cone's accomplishments.

"he Cones of Greensboro." ‘The State (7/1/39). A brief review of the
accomplishments of the Cones, focusing on Ceasar and Moses.

"The Estate Added to National Park System." the Blowing Rocket (6/25/48).
The National Park Service accepts the Cone Fstate as part of the National
Park system and this article describes the deed transfer and related events.

"the Gd Blowing Rock as Our Family Knew It." Bicentennial: A Supplement
of the Blowing Rocket (7/4/76), An article describing the way Blowing
Rock used lo be; a personal recollection.

“Tourists Enjoy Famed Estate." the Charlotte Observer (6/6/71). A brivi biography
of Moses and Bertha Cone, his purchase and development of the Cone Estate.

PAMPHLETS

"Cone MiNs Corporation ~ 75th Anniversary." ‘Traces the prowth of Cone Mills
Crom one plant in 1895 to 23 today. A detailed descriptions ef the
development of the Cone Mills.

“Moses H. Cone - Disciple of Beauty, True Benefactor." From a 1930 edition
of the Greensboro Daily News. A brief biography of Moscs Cone and his
love of the 3,517 acre Estate,

"Moses H. Cone Memorial Park." National Park Service, U.S. Department of
the interior, Pamphlet containing a brief history of Moses H. Cone and
describing the Estate and Manor house.

"25 Years in Review." Moses Cone Hospital Review. Greensboro, N.C. Ghune.
1977). Address by Bernard M. Cone at the cornerstone laying ceremonies
of the Moses If. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, N.C., May 2, 195].


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9, Major Bibliographical References

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Asheville, North Carolina. Blue Ridge Parkway Headquarters.
Biue Ridge Parkway Deed No, 48
Maps of Cone Estate Property
Photographs of Cone Estate and all structures that once existed on the
Estate.
Master Plan for Preservation and Use of the Blue Ridge Parkway. Volume
IU, General Park Information. Section H. Buildings Inventory. Prepared
by Edward H. Abbuehl. April, 1960.
Orchards of Moses Hl. Cone. Blowing Rock, N.C. October, 1900. A
description of all the orchards on the Cone Estate with maps.
Statement of Acceptability of the Moses Cone Estate for purposes of the
Blue Ridge Parkway.

Asheville, Nort Carolina. Folk Art Center. Headquarters for the Southern
Hightands Handicraft Guild.
Guild Archives

Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore Museum of Art.

Cone Archives and Cone Wing Collection.

Biographical information on the Cones is contained in the Archives which
went to the Museum with the Cone bequest in 1950. The archives include
original family correspondence (primarily related to Claribel and Etta Cone);
both sisters’ "account books;" travel diaries from European trips; professional
papers of Dr. Claribel, including publications; photographs of family members
and tourist sights; a family geneology; publications related to Cone MiTks:
and other miscellincous personal papers. it is clear that Urere are significant
lacunae in these papers.

Blowing Rock, North Caroline. Sandy Flats Missionary Baptist Church.
Church Roll and Record Book

Boone, North Carolina. J.D. Brown Ledger Book for Moses H. Cone kstate.
15 December 1905 - 15 December 1908 (Property of Wade Brown). Lists
Cone Estate employees, operation dates, hours worked and pay earned.

Greensboro, North Carolina. Cone Family Geneology.
Prepared by Sydney Cone, Jr. Contains the compicte Cone family geneology
(vbirthdates. marriage dates, chi n's birthdates and death dales). Provides
frequent notations on various individuals. Sydney Cone is recognized as
the Cone family geneologist and his collections on the family are invaluable.
They contain numerous newspaper clippings and letters which are made
available to researchers on a selective basis,

Greensboro, Nerth Carolina. Moses H. Cone Memoria! Hospital.
Indenture of Bertha L. Cone and the Moses H. Cone Memorini Hospital.
May 30, 1911.
indenture holween the Moses H. Cone Memoriul Hesptlal and the Unites
States of Amorica, January 21, 1949,
Last Wilband Testament of Berth L. Cone.


One of the Servants’ Houses
Behind the Manor House
September 1948

BLRI PKY

Negative # 7561 (935DC)
Classification # 728



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Children:
Bertram Weber 5/18/53
John Brigham 12/6/60
D-i4 Ellen Berney married Paul Michael Hirschland (b. 3/22/14) on

August 10, 1940, Reside: (March 1968 1 Dorset Road, Great Neck,
Long Island, Ph. HU 27858.

Children:
Nancy Louise 3/29/42
Roger Berney 11/29/48
Edward Charles 11/29/48
D-15 Alice Berney married 6/10/46 Jerold Charles Hoffberger (b. 4/7/19)
Reside: Riderwood, Marytand "Sunset Hill"
Children:
David Berney T/L f4F
Richard Joseph 10/24/49
Caroi Sue 5/14/54
Charies Peter 1986
D-16 Margaret Berney 2/21/27 married William J. Mack on 2/5/67.

Residence: 37 Trumball St., New Haven, Conn.

D-17 Sydney M. Cone, Ill (Terry) married Michele Nadine Cahen (b.
§/21/32) in Paris France on 12/22/52. Attorney: Cleary, Gottlieb,
Steen & Hamilton, | State St. Plaza, NYC. Reside: 1050 Park
Avenue, NYC ph. 876-8749

Children:
Timothy 3/20/57 (b. New Haven, Conn.)
Annabelle Catherine 12/14/66 (b. Washington, D.C.)
D-18 Donald Frank Cone maried Carol Spector (b. 1/5/34) in St. Joseph,
Missouri on 6/24/56. Radiologist. Reside: 1604 St. Andrews
Road 27408.
Children:
Sarah Elizabeth 11/21/60 (b. Balitmore, MD)
Edward Frank 6/8/62 (b. Balitmore, MD)
D-19 Jamie Carroll Cone (changed name to Knox Glass III 7/20/73)

married Loretta Ray Lovier (called “Angel") in Winter Haven,
Fl on 4/23/60.

Children:
Michelle Carroll 11/6/61 (b. Lakeland, FL)
Lorraine Marian 3/10/65
D-20 Alan Frank Cone married 9/1/62 to Joan Davis (b. 2/22/41) of

Houston, TX. (Joan's Mother: Sadie Weintraub nee Waldman;
Gather, Irving Davis, deceased.) Reside: 616 Mariner Way,
Altaruoute Springs, FL 32701.

Children:
Susan Michelle 6/9/63
D-22 Claribel Cone, if married Tom Gunning in 1971, Residence: 133
Henry Strect., Brooklyn 11201
Children:
Ethan Thomas 2/28/73


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Former Residents: Ralph Forp, Ivy Coffey, Allison Teague,
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. Robert Downs
Labeled on Map as "W”
BLRI PKY
Negative # MC4a



 CEASAR CONE

1859 ~ 1917

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33

MANAGEMENT OF THE ESTATE BY THE NATIONAL PAHK SERVICE

Legal Establishment of The Moses H. Cone Memorial Park

Moses and Bertha Cone had no children and he died intestate. A rather
complicated settlement of the Estate and his various other holdings was arranged
through the courts in 1911, to the satisfaction of Mrs, Cone and the Cone family.

By an indenture executed on May 30, 1911, Bertha Lindau Cone, widow
of Moses H. Cone, conveyed 3,516 acres, known as the Moses H. Cone Memorial
Park to the Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Under the terms of the indenture, she was to have the property for her personal
use as long as she lived and at her death the transfer of the property holdings
would take place.

As a trustee, the Hospital was to manage the land in accordance with the
terms and conditions of the trust. Any violation of the conditions would constitute
a forfeiture of the lands and ownership would revert to the heirs of Moses H.
Cone.

It was further stipulated that the Moses Ii. Cone Memorial Park was to
be maintained as a recreational facility for the public. To assure this, the Hospital
Corporation would be charged with providing $10,000 annually for maintenance
on the Estate.

Acquisition of the Estate

Following the death of Mrs. Cone in 1947, trustees of the Hospital concluded
that it would not be in the best interest of the Hospital to own and operate of
a public park. Jt was obvious that such a park would be a severe and continuing
drain on Hospital resaupces. The $10,000 annual fund would not begin te cover
maintenance expenses,

In order to divest itself of the property and still conform to the terms of
the 1911 indenture, the Hospital Trustees obtained a declaratory judgment from
the North Carolina Supreme Court by which the Blowing Rock Estate was to
be given to the United States of America to become a part of the National Park
System. The National Park Service would develop and maintain the Moses H.
Cone Memorial Park as a recreational area and public park in accordance with
the terms and conditions of the original trust indenture of May 30, 1911. This
conveyance was effective on January 21, 1949.

On March 21, 1949, John A. Wrug, Secretary of the United States Department
of the interior, accepted on behalf of the United States of America the indenture
dated the 2tst day of January, 1949, from the Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital
to the United States of America. This transfer is listed as Parkway Reed, No.
48. (Appendix H).

By ali measures, the National Park Service was the most logical agency
to own and operate the Estate. While Ms. Cone still lived, the Blue Ridge Parkway,
which was being built to link the Shennandogh National Park in Virginia to the
Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina, was under construction
and at the edge of Blowing Rock, north of the Estate. The National Park Service,
as administrator of the Parkway, planned to continue the scenic highway southward


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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRIMARY SQURCES
MANUSCRIPT MATERIALS

Asheville, North Carolina. Blue Ridge Parkway Headquarters.
Blue Ridge Parkway Deed No. 48
Maps of Cone Estate Property
Photographs of Cone Estate and all structures that once existed on the
Estate.
Master Plan for Preservation and Use of the Blue Ridge Parkway. Volume
Ill, General Park Information. Section H. Buildings Inventory. Prepared
by Edward H. Abbuehl. April, 1960.
Orchards of Moses H. Cone. Blowing Rock, N.C. October, 1900. A
description of all the orchards on the Cone Estate with maps.
Statement of Acceptability of the Moses Cone Estate for purposes of the
Blue Ridge Parkway.

Asheville, North Caroling. Folk Art Center. Headquarters for the Southern
Highlands Handicraft Guild.
Guild Archives

Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore Museum of Art.

Cone Archives and Cone Wing Collection.

Biographical information on the Cones is contained in the Archives which
went to the Museum with the Cone bequest in 1950. The archives include
original family correspondence (primarily related to Claribel and Etta Conc);
both sisters’ "account books;" travel diaries from European trips; professional
papers of Dr. Claribel, including publications; photographs of family members
and tourist sights; a family geneology; publications related to Cone Mills;
and other miscellaneous personal papers. It is clear that there are significant
lacunae in these papers.

Blowing Rock, North Carolina. Sandy Flats Missionary Baptist Church,
Church Roll and Record Book

Boone, North Carolina. J.D. Brown Ledger Book for Moses H, Cone Estate,
15 December 1905 - 15 December 1908 (Property of Wade Brown). Lists
Cone Estate employees, operation dates, hours worked and pay earned.

Greensboro, North Carolina. Cone Family Geneology.
Prepared by Sydney Cone, Jr. Contains the complete Cone family geneology
(birthdates, marriage dates, children's birthdates and death dates). Provides
frequent notations on various individuals. Sydney Cone is recognized as
the Cone family geneologist and his coilections on the family are invaluable.
They contain numerous newspaper clippings and letters which are made
available to researchers on a selective basis.

Greensboro, North Carolina. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital.
Indenture of Bertha L. Cone and the Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital.
May 30, 1911.
Indenture between the Moses H. Cone Memoria] Iospital and the United
States of America. January 21, 1949.
Last Will and Testament of Berth L. Cone.


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in need of a good deal of maintenance and repair. Many of the tenant families
had moved off the land scon after Mrs. Cone's death to look for jobs. The few
that remained were hired by the Parkway to help preserve and manage the Fstate.
All but one of the tenants' houses were removed. According to Ted Pease, the
houses were sold on a bid basis and torn down. Many of the support buildings
were also torn dawn and the Orchards were left to nature's elements. The National
Park Service did not have the money, staff, or stated mission which would support
their running the Estate as the Cones had.


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William A. Lenoir tract and the equally large Maye B. Martin tract. The
assimilation of the Estate continued in 1897 with seven deeds changing hands.
It was in 1899 that Moses Cone purchased the Jefferson Brown farm. This was
a very significant purchase. It was on this property, shortly thereafter, that
the Cones began construction of their magnificent Manor House.

The years 1900 through 1908 saw eighteen different tracts of land further
enlarge the Estate, making it easily one of the largest privately owned estates
in Western North Carolina.

After Moses Cone's death in 1908, at the age of 51, his wife Bertha acquired
four additional properties (one in 1909, two in 1910, and one much later in 1928).
For all intents and purposes, however, the Estate was completed by Moses! death
in 1908. The only significant purchase by Bertha Cone was the small J.L. Springs
tract which was obtained in 1909.

While it is impossible to know the specific use of all the various tracts
of property prior to acquisition by the Cones, it can be stated with accuracy
that they were primarily farms or in forest. Much of the area was suitable
only for subsistence farming because of the steeply sloping topography.

Located principally in Blowing Rock Township, Watauga County, North
Carolina, the Estate included Flat Top Mountain, neighboring Rich Mountain,
approximately 500 acres of rolling farmland and significant patches of virgin
hardwoods and evergreens. Smaller tracts had been the farms and homes of
native highlanders. Throughout the acreage, rhododendron and laurel were
abundant qnd the high meadows provided a spectacular vista of nearby Grandfather
Mountain.

By reviewing the map which lists the various tracts of land obtained by

the Cones, (Appendix A) one can derive an appreciation of the size of the Estate
and the variety of previous owners.

Development and Management of the Estate

The mountains of North Carolina during the 1890's and on through the turn
of the century were in the process of becoming a major health resort. Luxurious
hotels began to appear in towns like Flat Rock, Asheville, Warm Springs, and
Blowing Rock. They advertised clean air, a mild climate, and fresh spring water
containing minerals and offering relief from malaria and tuberculosis.

Moses Cone, like many others, sought relief from poor health and hoped
to again experience the serenity of the mountains that he'd once known in his
childhood. He wanted to fulfill a boyhood dream; to construct an estate of his
own design and supervise its operation. An, Estate which would be a shining
example of self-sufficiency and natural beauty.

At the age of 36, Moses Cone began to buy land north of Blowing Rock.
The land was purchased primarily from mountain natives who engaged in
subsistence farming. Characteristically, Moses Cone asked many of these farmers
to stay on as employees of the Estate and live in tenant houses. Some thirty
families remained on the Estate and played diverse roles in its development and
evolution.

According to Fred Mays, whose family lived on the Estate and told him
many stories about the Cones, "Mr. Moses H. Cone originally came to the area
as a merchandise household peddler. He rode a very fine horse packed from


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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

This research, and that conducted through previous inquiries, reveals much
about life on the Moses H. Cone Estate. Of special interest has been the discovery
of a profound commitment on the part of Moses and Bertha Cone to creating
an Estate of exceeding natural beauty and yet one that goes beyond aesthetics.
Their desire to stimulate an alternative economic base for the community of
Blowing Rock, through creation of the apple orchards, suggests that the Cones
were more than seasonal residents who loved and appreciated the unique beauty
and history of a mountian community. They cared about the quality of life of
the mountain people and hoped to improve it. They were benevolent citizens
who gave back to the mountains in equal measure some of the joy and hope they
derived from their summer Estate.

Equally important to the economic objectives of the Cones was their resolute
commitment te quality education for mountain children. Moses and Bertha Cone
hot only built a superior school, they employed the teachers and extended the
school term. Moses Cone provided assistance in founding what is now Appalachian
State University and served on the Watauga County Board of Education. This
was a level of involvement which exceeded what might have been expected of
a family with the stature af the Cones.

Bertha Cone's interest in quality education for mountain children was at
least cqual to that of her husband Moses. One might expect this of a trained
teacher but she extended this interest to actually tcach in the school at times
and take a genuine interest in the welfare of individual children who lived on
the Estate and in the Blowing Rock community.

This research has revealed much about the rele of the Cone family, especially
Claribel and Etta Cone, in fostering the emerging artistic schools of impressionism
and modernism. This is a story which should be conveyed, even if in a limited
way, to the visitors of the Parkway and the Manor House.

When we think of the Cone Estate today, we think of the vision of one
man — Moses Cone, the famous "Denim King." Yet what of his wife? We know
that she was a teacher. We know she honored and respected her beloved Moses.
Former tenants report that she was demanding yet kind — distant yet committed
to the community. But there is much that we do not know. Her background
is something of a mystery. A study of her interests, her contributions to the
Estate, and her life before she married Moses Cone cauld be of lasting value.


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Pioneer Exhibit

Parkway Craft Center
Moses Cone Memorial Park
1952

BLRI PKY

Negative # 398
Classification # 069.45



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HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY

Prepared hy:

Recommended by:

Recommended by:

Approved:

Approved:

MOSES H. CONE ESTATE

,BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY

APRIL, 1987

Barry M. Buxton, Executive DI rector
Appalachian Consortium

A, ewe

Cultural Resource Management Spectalist

Assistant Superintendent

Resource Management & itor Services
oun

Gary Everbardt, Superintendent
Bie Ridg ‘arkw ay

Rdbert M. Béker, Regionat Director
Southeast Region, National Park Service

D-372

PLEASE RETURN TD.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER
DENVER SERVICE CENTER
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE




Cone Estate ‘
Stable

October 19, 1973
BLRI PKY

Negative # 2825
Classification # 720



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Employment Statistics cont. \
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Date Ree as Hours Payroll B FN ovaes _[hours Payroll
Summer .
6-30-
1906. 12 1109 25.04 15 O14 8091
8-15-

+ 1906 21 1280 115.25 16 1209. 96,74
7-15- 1

b 190? a3 1835 142.78 15 1504 124, 54
9-2-
1907 16 863 67.28 15 1296 122.12
6-16-
1908 23 S46 115.33 16 1292 834.79
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| ue 1906 14 1118 94 26 RE 427 | 122.25 |
10-31- 1

1906 10 598 76. 54 12: 424 52.41
10-16~ l ‘
1907 ai 1902 88. 26 1é 28. 85.56
11-16-
1907 13 80? 72,83. 1 522 38.18
9-30-
1908 14 2108 1ou0s 6} 2B, 30
10~-30-
1908 15 i889 97.68 5 mt) 27,80 |



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Fiat Top Manor Windows
August 22, 1975
Building # 359

BLRI PKY

Negative # 5057
Classification # 728



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THE ORIGINS OF THE MOSES CONE ESTATE

The Community of Blowing Rock

The history of the Moses Cone Estate is inexorably linked to the community
of Blowing Rock and to the Blue Ridge Mountains, which provide the setting
for one of the South's leading summer resorts.

Since the early 1900's, Blowing Rock has gained a reputation for beautiful
summers which feature a moderate climate and alluring views. The valleys are
carpeted with violets, arbutus, and anemones and the hillsides blush with
rhododendron, laurel, and dogwood. The soft blue haze of the mountains and
the murmur of silvery streams rushing over rocks and crags make for a wonderful
escape from the hectic life of cities. The cool, refreshing days and brisk evenings
are a welcome relief to visitors from the piedmont, low country, Florida, and
many other parts of the Southeast. Autumn is ablaze with the color of the season
and can only be surpassed in beauty by parts of New England.

To this environmental wonderland traveled many of America's leading
families. These included the Rockefellers, Cannons, Colts, and Snyders. They
built summer homes and forever changed the character of this small mountain
community. Blowing Rock became a village of considerable diversity and was
home for families of modest means as well as the affluent.

In the early 1900's Blowing Rock was blessed with two golf courses, a tennis
club, several luxury hotels, specialty shops, equestrian facilities, and beautiful
lakes and trails for fishing and hiking.

But this is truly a tale of two communities, for Blowing Rock was, like
most rural areas of Southern Appalachia at the turn of the century, a region
of abject poverty. The native residents of Watauga County were largely
subsistence farmers who struggled to make ends meet. Theirs was a life full
of the hardships of unemployment and illiteracy.

It is into this dichotomous community that a young Moses Cone first visited
with his father in the 1870's. And it was then that he declared, like Thoreau
when speaking of Walden Pond, that "he would come to the woods because he
wished to live deliberately.". Moses would later lovingly reevaluate this mountain
community with the same vision, the same sense of creativity, and the same
dedication that enabled him and his brother Ceasar to create a textile empire.

A History of the Land

The 3516 acres which comprise the existing Moses Cone Estate were acquired
by Moses and Bertha Cone over a period of 35 years. The vast majority of the
Estate, however, was acquired by Moses Cone in a seven year period from 1893
through 1899.

According to a title search which was conducted by Boone attorney Wade
E. Brown, (whose father, incidentally, was Superintendent on the estate for many
years) this land acquisition began in 1893 with the acquisition of the expansive
Joseph C. Norwood tract. Three years later, in 1896, Moses Cone acquired the
adjoining Joseph B. Clarke property. The following year was noteworthy because
the Moses Cones acquired eight separate tracts of land. This included the large


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Tenant Home Built By Moses Cone

Former Residents: George Maltba, Jahn Knight, Claude
Daniels, Frank Craig, and Charlie walser

Labeled un Map as "G"

BLRI PKY

Negative # MCS?



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Tenant Home Built By Moses Cone

Former Residents: Jim Lyons, V.A. Halten, Merle Moody,
and Odos Wilcox

Labeled on Map as “DD”

BLRI PKY

Negative # MC&7?





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28

Service made a decision not to maintain the Orchard. agnly a reverter clause
in the will of Mrs. Cone prevented the sale of the land. Today, the Orchards
are completely overgrown, with only a few road beds and stone foundations
remaining.

What is the feasibility of restoring the China Orchard to its former use?
Certainly that restoration would involve a major financial commitment. Repairing
the roads would necessitate clearing away the trees and underbrush, leveling
the surfaces and allowing for drainage, and laying gravel. Because of the steep
grade, the China Orchard would have to be terraced and the soil reconstructed
with the addition of topsoil, before any trees could ever be planted. The type
of trees used today are dwarf trees, because of their added efficiency and because
of OSHA regulations. The tenant houses, apple barns, and tram would not be
necessary. Although the number of Orchard workers could be reduced by two
thirds (because of advanced techniques), the initial investment would be too
large to recover in the present market. Financial support, perhaps from the North
Carolina Apple Growers Association, is the only feasible way the Orchard could
ever again be operational. A more likely location for an active orchard today
would be below the Manor House.

A more likely recommendation for the future use of the China Orchard
is some type of interpretive program. Although there arc no longer any standing
structures in the Orchard, most of the foundations are still visible. The expense
invelved to create a successful, walking interpretive tour would be nominal,
for the roads in the Orchard already exist and need only to be cleared. Because
of the size of the Orchard, and the steepness of the land, the tour's appeal would
be limited to the interested and hardy traveler. However, if developed properly,
this area could be of interest because of the natural beauty of the land and the
historical significance of the China Orchard's past.


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Tenant Home

Not Built By Moses Cone

Former Residents: Jeff Brown, A.C. Moody, and Merle
Moady

Labeled an Map as "EE”

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Tenant Home Built By Moses Cone

Former Residents: Leige Reed, Syivester Loudy, Clyde
Downs
Labeled on Map as "PP"

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BLRI PKY
Negative # MC1B



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Ce

These orchards provided the main livelihood for the tenants on the Estate. Moses
Cone was a prize-winning orchardist. He raised 76 varieties of apples, 20 varieties
of pears, 33 varieties of peaches, 10 varieties of plums, and 9 varieties of cherries
(See Appendix B).

All the workers on the Estate assisted in picking the apples at harvest time.
One orchard labeled on the map as the China Orchard was on such a steep slope
that a 15 horsepower trolley was used to haul the apples to the top of the hill
where they could be loaded onto a truck. The trolley ran on kerosene and followed
a steel rail up and down the slope using e pulley. Cerl Hollars, who worked in
the Orchards, remembers, "the crates held three bushels, You could put about
eight to ten crates on the pulley." A big trucking firm shipped the apples. Some
were sold locally and the ones that were not sold were brought back and divided
among the tenant femilics. One year the orchards produced an estimated 50,000
bushels.

Clyde Downs, who lived and worked on the Estate for 72 years, notes that
"when Daddy started, he got seven and a half cents an hour. As time went along,
he made a little more. If he worked 10 hours, he made 75 cents.”

"It was pretty nice, yes it was, It was a number one good place for poor
people to live. We had a house, garden, no charges for that. We could pick up
all the apples we wanted and we paid $3 a cord for wood cut and hauled to you.

Workmen were later paid about 10 cents an hour and they generally worked
10 hours a day. Supervisors were paid 15 cents an hour. Payday was every two
weeks, except for the supervisors who were paid once a month.

‘Tenant families respected the Cones and the available information suggests

that they regarded it as a good life. Each tenant was allowed to keep a cow,
have a barn, end half an acre for a garden of their own. The tenant houses hed
three to five rooms and were usually built in secluded spots near a spring. All
were painted a uniform grey but they were not exactly alike. Some had been
built before the Cones purchased the property which comprised the Estate. All
the houses were kept in good repair. None of them, however, had electricity.
Fred Mays estimates that the Estate employed approximately 100 workers. Among
the men who served in supervisory positions at one time are the following: Jeff
Brown, Pay Master; Arthur Moody, Superintendent of Labor; Ed Underdown,
Superintendent of Labor and Apple Orchards Superintendent.

The employees of the Estate were primarily natives who were born and
raised near the Estate. The three main categories of employees were orchard
workers, woodcutters, and domestic servants. The flower gardens required the
loving attention of two full-time gardeners, as did the prolific vegetable garden.
A blacksmith was responsible for the horses and carriages and the general
maintenance of the Carriage Barn. As mentioned previously, the blacksmith
also oversaw the operation of the carbide plant. The dairyman was employed
to manage the variety of responsibilities associated with a part of the Estate
which was considered vital. During the summer season, a man was assigned the
responsibility of keeping the lawn mowed and the shrubbery pruned. Orchard
workers pruned trees and picked apples. Wood cutters were in charge of cutting
the firewood for the furnaces in the Manor House a year ahead of time and picking
up dead branches along the carriage trails. Domestic servants were in charge
of running the laundry, cooking, and cleaning. There was also a butler and
chauffeur who drove the Cones’ 12 cylinder Lincoln limosine. (it is said that
it took about 4 gallons of gas to drive to Blowing Rock and back — a trip of less
than 10 miles. Incidentally, the Cones later purchased a high-priced Pierce-Arrow.)


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Tenant Home Built By Moses Cone

Former Residents: Fowell Harmon (School Teacher at Sandy
Flats), Charlie Hollars, Dave Knight,
Henry Coffey, V.A. Halten, John Teague,
Frank Craig, Shirley Calloway, and Jim
Earp

Labeled on Map as "NN"

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Cone Park

1966

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Classification # 728



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Building # 608

February, 1976

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Moses Cone Memerial Park

1946

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Negative # 285 (933CI)

Classification # 728



HPS Form 104000 OM No. 1924-0078
ts) Expires 59-32-87

United States Department of the interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Inventory—Nomination Form

Continuation sheet (tem number 7

At the time the Servants Quarters was moved, modifications in
the form of modernization of the interior facilities were accomplished.
Since the 1950's the house has been used as employee quarters.

3. Carriage House (Longitude: 81° 41'31" Latitude: 36° 08' 58")
The Carriage House is a two-story clapboard structure with a
stone foundation. A full basement opens eastward to ground level at
the rear of the structure. The roof is metal. It was built in 1900.

Built on a hillside, the western entrance to the first floor is at
ground level at the front of the structure.

The first floor has sliding carriage doors for entry, wooden floors,
a@ large open area for carriage storage, and two open wells to the
basement that were used to drop feed to the stable, which was in the
basement. The floor was also wooden.

The foundation/basement has three stables. a dirt floor, two sliding
doors and a swinging door on the south side. There are open porches
along the front end a cupola on the roof.

4. Apple Barn (Longitude: §1° 40°59" Latitude: 36° 68' 43")

The Apple Barn is a two story structure with a metal roof. The
foundation is stone and locust posts in one section and stucco over stone
in another. Likewise, the siding is board and batten over one portion
and moided shiplap over another.

The barn is built on a hillside, and the basement opens on ground
level at the rear of the structure. The basement is partitioned into
apple bins.

The first floor includes a large storage room with two partial
partitions, a packing room, and the ell.

A shaft for a small, hand-powered elevator runs from the basement
to the second floor. The clevator is no longer operabic. There are
three smail ventilator towers on the roof.

3, Bass Lake and Dam (Longitude: 81° 41' 05" Latitude: 36° 08' 28")
This earth dam and 2l-acre lake were constructed around 1900.
The lake is 32 feet deep at its deepest point. The lake was drained
completely in 1942 and reconditioned. Bass Lake is currently under
repair due to damages to the lake's drain valve system.

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APPENDIX A - MANOR HOUSE DETAILS

(Source: "Bulldfng Data Capsule", National Park Service, 5/ 26/ 63)

Year of Construction: 1900
Year(s) of Modification: 1953, 198

Concesstonalre Information: Southern Hightands Handicraft Gulld, open May to
October, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Floor Area: 13795 s.f.

Number Floors: 3

Roof Area: 5723 s.f.

Ef evation Above Sea Level: 4000 ft.
Aspect: 5.€.

Latitude/Longt tude: 30° 08! 57"/al° 41° 30"

Building Envelope: Brick and Stucco Structure with wood clapboard wall
surfaces, placed on stone foundation base with brick foundation walls. No
Insulation. Roof Is combination of wood shingles and intertocking copper
squares. Fenestration is |eaded glass/ciover and oblique destgns with varlTous
sizes of clear glazing, No storm or insulated windows.

interlor flooring: Shel!acked/varnished mapie or wood

Wall finlshes: Wood paneling and palnted plaster

Celilng finishes: Plaster and plaster molding trim

Doors: Palnted wood, ralsed peneis

Fire Detectfon: Four zone alarm wired to potice station; one manual pull.
Furnished with bells and sIren.

Fire Protection: Two standplpes @50’ South and East corners; ABC manual fire
extingulshers

No Handicapped AccessIbil I ty.

Heat: Double oil~fired furnace, gravity flow by floor vents/wall shafts.
Plumbing: Copper/gaivantzed fron ang chrome brass; 2", 1", 1/2".

Hot Water: Sixty-six gallon/240v.

Fixtures: Standard goose necktype; claw feet; 14 units.

Wastewater piping: Cast Iron, chrane brass, 4", 11/2"

Electrical Service (check to see if changed}; #3/0 anc #4 Awg service lateral
MOP-100a 120/240v 100a main; Sreaker/fuse overload protection.

Standard outlets and swltches.


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Built By Moses Cone

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Labeled on Map as "0"

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Negative # Unknown



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34

to dissect the Cone Estate for a distance of 2.3 miles. Bertha Cone was adamantly
opposed to this plan and so expressed her opposition. {Appendices J and J).

This issue of a right of way, however, never came to a head due to Bertha
Cone's death in 1947. Members of the Cone Family in Greensboro believe that
while she firmly resisted the idea in the beginning, in later years she became
reconciled +) the probability that the highway would-eventuelly be carved through
the Estate. Thus, when the Moses H. Cone Hospital Trustees gave the property
to the federal government, the Blue Ridge Parkway not only acquired the beautiful
3,516 acre Estate; it gained an undisputed right of way through the property.

After acquiring title to the Estate, the National Park Service conducted
a study to further evaluate possible Parkway routes through the Estate. A major
shift in the route made it possible to provide access to the Manor House from
the Parkway. The twenty-six miles of bridle trails were kept open te the public,
as required by the deed, with a few minor relocations and one underpass for the
carriage road,

Structural Alterations and the Biocultural Environment

One of the earliest actions taken by the Blue Ridge Parkway after acquiring
the Estate was the sale and removal of the vast majority of the tenant structures
on the Estate. The Parkway had a limited budget to maintain the Estate and
it would have been impossible to properly maintain over fifty-seven structurcs.
Clyde Downs has indicated that many of these structures were auctioned to the
highest bidder. He states that the structures were purchased for use of materials
and that they were removed by the purchasers.

An inventory of structures has been conducted by this researcher utilizing
phetographs from the files of the Blue Ridge Parkway in Asheville. An attempt
has been made to locate these structures in their appropriate position on the
enclosed base map and specify the chain of residency. ‘This has been accomplished
through the cooperation and keen memory of Clyde Downs. The photographic
album as assimilated (Appendix K), when considered in relationship to the
structures base map, provides the viewer with both an understanding of Estate
topography, structures, and a history of tenants on the Estate. This visual tour
attempts to specify the use of each structure, who constructed it, and its current
status. (Appendix L).

Today there are only five of the original fifty-seven structures still standing
on the Estate. The overwhelming majority of these "removed" structures are
tenant homes, barns, or other outbuildings.

Following the Estate's inclusion in the Blue Ridge Parkway, the National
Park Service took several important steps to restore the Fstate to its pre-1910
status. They rebuilt Trout Lake, which had been extensively eroded in the famous
1916 flood. It was stacked with trout for fishing and became a popular location
for visitors and local residents. Buss Lake was also stocked and is extensively
used to this date. Major repairs were made to the Manor House to prevent its
further demise.

One of the consequences of ownership of the Estate by the National Park
Service which would be appreciated by Moses and Bertha Cone has been NPS
sensitivity to biocultural resources of the Estate. The Parkway has done a
commendable job of restoring and maintaining the carriage roads and trails.
These are used extensively by people of all ages for jogging, horseback riding,


205

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Cone Estate
Harse Stable
Negative
Photo B-

BLRI PKY

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Cone Estate
Appie Barn
Building # 208
BLRE PKY

Negative # Unknown
Photo # B-20B-A


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Guild, and the Guild's occupancy in the Cone Manor House.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

“ASU Almost Built in Blowing Rock." Bicentennial: A Supplement of the Blowing
Rocket (7/4/76). Article describes the circumstances surrounding bids
to become the University's home.

"Baptists First in Watauga Co." Bicentennial: A Supplement of the Blowing
Rocket (7/4/76). Article discusses the first church in Watauga County.

“Blowing Rock in 1889." Bicentennial: A Supplement of the Blowing Rocket
(7/4/76). Article reviews events in the small mountain community.

"Cone Estate is a Vintage Attraction of Blowing Rock; is Open to Riders." Watauga
Democrat (8/28/32). A brief biography of Moses Cone with a description
of the 3,517 acre Estate and public access restrictions.

"Cone Family Left the Mountains a Richer Place." Bicentennial: A Supplement
of the Blowing Rocket (7/4/76). Article gives a brief history of Moses
Cone and his home on Flat Top Mountain.

"Cone Manor Alive with Crafts." Big Wednesday, the Watauga Democrat (6/4/86).
A description of the Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild and the Guild's
residency in the Manor fouse on the Cone Estate.

"Cone Park Memorializes Rural Life." Hickory Daily Record (6/22/79). Brief
biography of the Cones and 4 description of the Southern Highlands
Handicraft Guild and the Guild's exhibits in the Manor House,

"Cone Sisters Honored." Greensboro Daily News (11/24/74). Article celebrates
achiovements of Miss Etta and Dr. Claribel Cone, sisters of Moses Cone,

"Dr. Claribel Cone A Remarkable Woman," The Evening Sun (4/8/11), Baltimore.
An analysis of the accomplishments of Clairbel Cone in becoming a physician
and her leadership in the world of art collecting.

“Estate Offered as Park." The Watauga Democrat (7/9/86). Reprint of Watauga
Democrat (7/10/47). This article reviews the decision of the Moses Cone
Memorial Hospital to deed the Moscs H. Cone Estate to the National Park
Service.

"Friends of the Cone Manor Join Together." the Mountain Times (5/1/86). The
citizens of Blowing Rock and The National Park Service are joining together
in an effort to restore the Estate to its original use.

"Manor May Become A National Park." the Blowing Rocket (7/11/47). The
National Park Service considers the Moses H. Cone Estate for inclusion
as a part of the national park system. Article outlines the issues considered
in the deliberations ebout the future of the Estate.

“Minding the Manor, Clyde Downs Remembers,” the Mountain Times (5/1/86),
Clyde Downs talks about what it was like growing up on the Cone Fstate
and provides information about Bertha Cone,


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1, The UNITED STATES OF AMBRICA shall perpetualiy
meintain all of this property, axcapt the burlal grouml here-
inafter referred to, aa @ public park, under the name of THE
MOSES H, CONE, MEMORIAL PARK, for the free use and enjoyment of
all persons who may desire to resort thereto, under puch rules
of order end deportment az The Govarnmant may, from time to Toe
time, prescribe and promulgate, and shall place and maintain
suitable markers at all entrances to the park am at other ap-
propriate placet to indicate the name of the park; and it is
expressly understood and agread by and between the parties
hereto that this indenture fs executed by the grantor and ace
cepted by tha grantee upon the express condition that the nems
of the lands hmreinbeforse conveysd shall forever be “THE MOSES
HK, CONE MEMORIAL PARK", and 1t is further expressly understood
that any modification whatsoever of the said name shall be a
preach of this condition and shall work « forfeiture of the

sstate hereby conveyed as hereinafter provided.

3
3
24
»

2. ‘There has been laid off on this property # plot
of land 400 feet square, which is the final resting place of
Moses H. and Bertha L. Cone. Any end all of the relatives and
friends of the ssid Woses H. and Bertha L, Cone shall forever
heve a fres and perpetual right of ingress, ogreas, and regresp
to the seid burial ground. The UNITED STATES OF AMERICA shall,
at its own expense, kesp up and raintein a road for vohiches
and gonveayances leading from som point on the road between the
late residence of Moses H. and Bertha L. Cona, deceased, and

the top of Flat Top Mountain to the buriel ground horeinbafore

Gescribed, with the right of Ingress, egress, and ragresa of
sald roads, ways, ani drivea to the relatives and friends of
the aaid Moses H. end Bertha L. Cone forsver, The UNITED STATES

OF AVERICA shall forever keop the safe burial ground in a



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‘Moses Cone Memorial Park, Beauty Spot for America's Great Tourist Audience.”
Greensboro Daily News (4/22/51). Describes the flora, fauna, and beautiful
vistas of the Moses H. Cone Estate.

"One Time Estates are Popular Areas." Winston-Salem Journal (9/17/61). A
description of the Cone Estate, the Manor House and the occupancy of
the Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild in Flat Top Manor.

“Rare Girls: The Cone Sisters." Winston-Salem Journal (6/27/63). A brief
biography of the Cone sisters and the story of their famous art collection.

"The Cone Family." The State (3/5/49), Brief history of the Cone family and
Moses Cone's accomplishments.

"Phe Cones of Greensboro." The State (7/1/39). A brief review of the
accomplishments of the Cones, focusing on Ceasar and Moses.

"The Estate Added to National Park System." the Blowing Rocket (6/25/48).
The National Park Service accepts the Cone Estate as part of the National
Park system and this article describes the deed transfer and related events.

"The Old Blowing Rock as Our Family Knew It." Bicentennial: A Supplement
of the Blowing Rocket (7/4/76). An article describing the way Blowing
Rock used to be; a personal recollection.

"Tourists Enjoy Famed Estate." the Charlotte Observer (6/6/71). A brief biography
of Moses and Bertha Cone, his purchase and development of the Cone Estate.

PAMPHLETS

"Cone Mills Corporation - 75th Anniversary." Traces the growth of Cone Mills
from one plant in 1895 to 23 today. A detailed description of the
development of the Cone Mills.

“Moses H. Cone - Disciple of Beauty, True Benefactor." From a 1930 edition
of the Greensboro Daily News. A brief biography of Moses Cone and his
love of the 3,517 acre Estate.

"Moses [I]. Cone Memorial Park." National Park Service, U.S. Department of
the Interior. Pamphict containing a brief history of Moses H. Cone and
describing the Estate and Manor house.

25 Years in Review." Moses Cone Hospital Review. Greensboro, N.C. (June,
1977). Address by Bernard M. Cone at the cornerstone laying ceremonies
of the Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, N.C., May 2, 1951.


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Labeled on Map as "TT
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Tenant Home Built By Moses Cone
tabeled on Map as "DD"

The Front Addition and Side Porch Were Added at a
Later Date

BLRI PKY

Negative # MCL



Sheep Barns
Near the "Coit House”

Labeled on Map as “TT”
BLRI PKY
Negative # MC23



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NOTES

Merry Burns, The Blowing Rock Story, 1983.

2 Based on an interview with prominent Boone attorney Wade Brown who conducted
the title search of the Cone Estate in 1949 for the National Park Service.

A copy of this search is on file in the Blue Ridge Parkway Headquarters
in Asheville.

3ibia., Burns.

dinterview with Ceasar Cone II.
5 Maribeth Crandall, "Moses IT. Cone," 1977.

8 Deidre J. Smith, "Minding the Manor," The Mountain Times, May 1, 1986.

Tibia. Burns.
interview with Clyde Downs,
SBrenda Richardson, Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta, 1985.

10inig,

NM gor a detailed and fascinating look at the lives of Claribel and Etta Cone,

their art collections, and the Cone Wing of the Balitmore Museum of Art,
consult Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta by Brenda Richardson.

12 Wade E, Brown, "Report of Title: Moses H. Cone Estate," December, 1849.

linterview with J.C, Steele.

Miia, Downs.
pia,

18 terview with Omar Coffey.

Mia.

18 ibid.

19 nia, Downs.
20 bia. Coffey.
linterview with Wade Brown.
22 thid., Coffey.

pia.

*4ibid,


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Tenant Home Built By Moses Cone
Former Residents: Jim {yons, V.A. Halten, Merle Moody,

and Qdos Witcox
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The materials and finishes on the upper floors of the manor house
are in reasonable condition, but not In the cond} tion left by the
Cone family (i.e., no wallpaper, fer original fixtures, ail walls
and woodwork palnted white). Lab tests of palnt samples should be
performed (In additton to anecdotal information) to establish
ortginal finlshes,

5, Convert outbuildings and adjacent land to an operating "farm
museum", with the apple barn and carriage barn converted to
agriculturally reiated uses.

Site clrculation and directional signage would have to be improved to explain
pedestrian routes and visible farm operations,

The apple barn, [n particular, would require substantial structural upgrading
It If was open to public access. Pedestrian and yvehlecular circulation to the
appie barn would have to be improved,

All of the alternatives described above are assumed to be operational during
the summer season only, Year-round operation would require substantial
weatherproofing and mechanical system upgrading In the manor house, and
Introduction of totally new mechanical systems (and Infrastructure across the
property) to the outbuildings.

Conversion to year-round agrfcuitural use may require upgrading of at least
one outbul!ding to meet the requirements of tne farming operation, Farm
equipment storage, tivestock supplies and equipment, feed, seed, fertilizer
and other material storage would have to be accommodated. Year round truck
access to the apple barn may have to be maintalned, for example.

Furnishing tne manor house to museum standards would require heat and humidity
controls adequate to preserving valuable interior appointments and furniture
year round. Protection against theft would also have to be considered, el ther
through permanent resident caretakers or sophisticated burg] ar alarm systems
(a difficult Instaliatton jn a rural Jocation).

Any valuable installations, furnishings or equipment placed [n the four
bufidings described here would require eddi tional fire protection and

detection systems.

REPAIR SCHEOULE

The following ilst describes items to be repaired regardiess of proposed
changes in use for the four buildings. This list does not include
improvements and changes to the manor house foundation and rear retaining wal]
that have been executed [n 1985 and 1997. Parkway officials should append any
relevant work orders for those improvements to thls report.


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LL-1965 Sandy Flats School-Church

MM-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

NN-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

OO-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

FP-1905 Tenant Home
Former Residents:

QQ-Tenant Home
Former Resident:

Ernest West
John Coffey
Dick Hoilars.
Mark West

Kelly Green
A. C. Shumate
Joe Auton
Charlie Brown
dess Walker
Ralph Andrew
Juke Hollars
A.C. Moody

E. Hollifield
Lee Workman
Eugene Hotlars

Leige Reed
Sylvester Moody
Clyde Downs

Mack Reid

HR-Log Noose~Preacher Adams

SS-Colt House
TT-Sheep Barn
UU-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

¥Y-Colt Cattle Barns
WW-Colts Still
XX-Tenant Home
Former Resident:

YY-Apple Barn
2.2-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

Mordecai Day
Pin Coffey
Ralph Andrews

Lawrence Day
(Father of Clyde Day)

Tom Coffey
Arthur Dula
Roy Rotinger
Roe Kellar
Belar Bolick
dim Simmons
Charlie Hollars
Charlie Cannon
Ed Underdown
Will Moody
Duke Hollars
Merle Moody


maegQu ma mwenmweese @wee ee 2s ee =

Soap Bubbles Blowing Reck A.C. August 1898
Front Step Seated: Jeanette Siegs] Cone (1872-1962)

_ (wife of Ceasar)
Seated On Porch (L to R}: Ceasar Cone (1859-1917), Son
Herman On Lap (1895-1955), Sydney M. Cone (1869-1939)
(Brother of Ceasar and Moses}, Mr. ? Key (relative of
Francis Scott Key who wrote "Star Spangied Sanner”)

In Chair: Helen Guggenheimer Cone (1838-1902XMother of
Ceasar and Moses)

Standing: Claribel Cane (1864-1929XSister of Ceasar and
MosesXof Art fame)

Setting: 1898 Porch of Blowing Rock Hotel (Burned Down)
Negative # 6401
Classificatiun # 920



ification # 728

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Cone Park

Fall 1978

BLRI PKY —
Negative # 8315
Clas:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
I. The Origins of the Moses Cone Estate
The Community of Blowing Rock.......--++eee+ee5 sete eee eeee 1
A History of the Land Comprising the Estate .....-- eee sree ee eees 1
Development and Management of the Estate... -- ee eee reese eenes 2
Il. The Cone Family
Family Origins .. 1... ccc eee eee eee eee etter eee eens 11
Etta and Claribel Cone and the Baltimore Museum of Art.......+.- 12
Family Genealogy... 1... cee re ee eee eee eee ee eee eee eenees 13
Moses Cone Remembered... ..- seve cc ever caer cer ececeeeens 15
Il. Relationship of the Estate to the Community
Economic Impact and Societal Norms. .... 2... see e eee cece ee eees 21
The Apple Orchard... .. ccc cece ee eee eee rere eee eee eeereee 23
Sandy Flats School and Church. ......+.eeeee8- scene . 29
IV. Management of the Estate by the National Park Service
Legal Establishment of the Moses H. Cone Memorial Park..... wsee dd
Acquisition of the Estate. ..........06. eee eee eee see ee 33
Structural Alterations and the Biocultural Environment.........+.- 34
The Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild .......-- see eee eee eees 35
V. Historic Base Maps
Orchards and Landscape Features. 2... eee ee ce eee eee eee eee 38
Roads and Structures. .... cc ce ew ee ee eee tee eee eee tenes 39
VI. Recommendations for Further Research
VII. Notes
VI. Appendices
XI. Annotated Bibliography
X. National Register of Historic Places Nomination


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Guild, anc the Gaild's occupancy in the Cone Manor Mouse,

NEWSPAPER A

COLES

"ASU Almost Built in Blowing Rock.” Dicentennial: A Supplement of the Blowing
Rocket (7/4/76). Article describes the circumstances surrounding bids
to become the University's home,

“Baptists First in Watauga Co." Bicentennial: A Supplement of the Blowing
Rocket (7/4/76). Article discusses the first church in Watauga County.

"Blowing Rock in 1889." Bicentennial: A Supplement of the Blowing Rocket
(7/4/76). Article reviews events in the small mountain community.

"Cone Estate is a Vintage Attraction of Blowing Rock; is Open to Riders." Watauga
Democrat (8/28/32). A brief biography of Moses Cone with a description
of the 3,517 acre Estate and public access restrictions.

"Cone Family Left the Mountains a Richer Place.” Bicentennial: A Supplement
of the Blowing Rocket (7/4/76), Article gives a brief history of Moses
Cone and his home on Flat Top Mountain.

"Cone Menor Alive with Crafts." Big Wednesday, the Watauga Democrat (6/4/86).
A description of the Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild and the Guild's
residency in the Manor House on the Cone Estate.

"Cone Park Memoriafizes Rural Life." Hickory Duily Record (6/22/79). Brief
biography of the Cones and a description of the Southern Highlands
Handicraft Guild and the Guild's exhibits in the Manor House.

"Cone Sisters Honored." Greensboro Daily News (11/24/74), Article celebrates
achievements of Miss Etta and Ur. Claribel Cone, sisters of Moses Conc.

"Dr, Claribel Cone A Remarkable Woman." The Evening Sun (4/8/11), Baltimore.
An analysis of the accomplishments of Clairbel Cone in becoming a physician
and her jeadership in the world of art collecting.

“Estate Offered as Park." The Watauga Democrat (7/3/86). Reprint of Watauga
Democeal (7/10/47). This article reviews the decision of the Moses Cone
Meinoriat Mospital to deed the Moses MH, Cone Estute to the National Park
Servier,

‘L-jomts ol the Cane Manor Join Together,” the Mountain Times (5/1/86), ‘The
citizens of Blowing Rock und The National Park Service are joining together
in an effort to restore the l'state to its original use.

“Manor May Beeome A National Park." the Bloving Rocket (7/11/47). ‘The
National Park Service considers the Moses IT, Cone Estate for inclusion
as 8 part of the national park system. Article outlines the issues considered
in the deliberations about the future of the Estate.

““indit, the Meutor, Clyde Downs Remembers." the Mountain ‘Fines {5/1 / RB).
 [ewns falks sboul whet it was Hike growing up on the Cone Netute
and provices information about Dertha Cone.



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Appendix I

we

SSS Sherandosh Life Ingurencs Building
Roanoke, Virginia

Joly 26, 1941

« B. Gatty Eroming,
Senior Locating acd Claim Fngiresr,
Btate Highway and Public Soria Comisaion,
Ralatgh, North Carclina.

Doar Mr. Bromings

Your inquiry of July 22 concerning Furkwsy location im the violole
‘ty of Sandy Flat Ghuroh, Seotion 2-G, has baon roesived,

We heve a tentative projoction of a ling fram tho Boome read threuch
tha Cona Estate to Sandy flat Chureh and from there to Grandfather Mome=
tain ve are nox studying several possibilitios, We osnnot cive you a
definite losatian through tho Sandy Flot Church rioinity at this tine,

Tt ds alzest esrtain, however, that Sandy Flat Gap will bo @ aontrol and
the topography is ouch thet alzost ail the land that might be desirable
for a dovelopsent in this vicinity will bo ineluted in the right-ef-my
requust on any of tho lines, It would, thorefors, be very unfortumate,
as you here forvscen, if any devoloposrt cere started in this vicinity,

Be suggest that the State might legienlly acquire the property in
the Sandy Plat Cap arca as possibly lono expansive than ot a later cate
efver development takes plase,

We ore niriczm te cottle the Parrcsy location through the Bloving
Roek-Grandfather Mountmin vicinity. We are working on it whenever tios

wil] porait, and w shall advise you as econ as wo have ostablinhed the
Farrusy location,

Yary truly youre,

Btunloy ¥. Abbott,
Agting Experintandent.

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Joan Miriam 9/10/71
E-35 David Berney Hoffberger married Janet Archibold Stewart 11/27/76
in Balitmore. .
E-36 Richard Joseph Hoffberger married Judith Robinson 2/7/82.
Children:
Carol McCarthy T/19/82
E-37 Carol Sue Hoffoerger married Alan dackson McCarthy October
1, 1977 in Baltimore.
Children:
Katherine Louise 6/11/82


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_, Spiilway and Dam
July 13, 1947

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Classification # 728

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24

The cable was drawn by a 15 horsepower Fairbanks and Morris engine.
Originally the engine was started by gasoline and fueled by kerosene; later kerosene
was used entirely. Ignition by a long match was replaced by a large fly wheel
which required the effort of three or four people. The engine sat on a cement
biock 30" x 30" x 18". The engine operated a hoisting drum made by J.C. Steele
Machinery of Statesville, North Carolina. Built between 1900 and 1906, the
drum was cast iron and driven by a friction roll.

After Mrs. Cone died in 1947, the tram was sold to Charles Martin and
Ray Castle, who were building a road up Grandfather Mountain. As the tram
made its last trip up the Orchard, the rails were simply taken up, pulled, and
placed on carts.

‘There were three apple barns in the China Orchards; the two smaller being
subordinate to the larger, central one. Today, all that remains are remnants
of the stone foundations. In the northwest section of the China Orchard there
was a barn which was approximately 40° x 27' and in the southwest section was
a similar structure with dimensions approximateing 44' x 30°. The main apple
barn in the center of the Orchard was approximately 60' x 30".

The barns, painted uniform gray, had a tin roof and no cellar. They were
used primarily for overflow. Most of the sales were conducted out of the Bass
Lake Apple Barn, but during the height of the season apples were sold directly
out of the tram. To discourage rodents, the barns were fumageted with sulphur
before and after use. In order to cool the apples, large barrels of spring water
were kept in the barns and wood shavings from the Flannery Fork sawmill were
used as insulation. These rectangular barns had a door at each end and one in
the center. Until 1920 the apples were stored in wooden barrels. Thereafter,
8' x 12’) bins were constructed in all the barns where apples were placed for
storage. From the pein barn the apples were taken to the Bass Lake Barn for
grading and packing.

The apple barns and the tram were the major instruments for storing and
shipping the apples, but there were many other activities involved in the operation
of the Orchards. Each season of the year carried different projects and tasks.
In addition te the actual physical upkeep of the structures and roads in the Orcherd,
mowing, spraying, and picking all demanded a substantial portion of time.

When the Orchards were young and the trees were not fully grown, the
spraying was done with a knapsack device that held 5 to 7 gallons of spray. Later
this evolved into a two-wheeled cart drawn by oxen; one person stood at each
side and sprayed his row. As the Orchaggs matured, in the late 1920's, power
sprayers on horse-drawn carts were used. Omar Coffey said this was a John
Bean Spray model that had @ capacity of 250 gallons und a gasoline powered
pump. Two 500" hoses could spray several rows at once, each requiring its own
crew. In the winter, in order to keep the buds from prematurcly freezing,
lime and sulphur based spray wes used on the trees. A pink spray was used after
the blossoms turned and this was applied seven times in the late spring. C.T.
Isenhour, and later his son Charles, who did blacksmithing and carpentry on the
Estate, also mixed the sprays. There were five or six 500 gallon barrels scattered
about the Orchard holding the water necessary to dilute the sprays to the proper
strength. There was a 2000 gallon tank near the end of the longer tram track,
but its exact purpose, other than the same as the barrels, has not been discernable.
Leveled pathways, which still exist suggest that there were adequate roads to
access almost every section of the Orchard.


mem@ewe me mw eee ow es ese es Ss ee =

MOSES CONE MANOR HOUSE
BiowlIng Rock, North Carolina

Historic Structure Report:

1. lat Top Manor House
2. Servant Quarters

3. Carriage Barn

4. Apple Barn

This report covers four significant structures at the Moses Cone Manor House
and Estate in Blowing Rock, North Carolina. ft does not cover the operations
or history of adjolning agricultural properties of the estate, such as the
apple orchard.

The properties are currentty used for the following functions:
1. Flat Top Manor House

The Manor House is currently leased as a concesstan to a local
crafts guild. Most of the first floor is used for retail! dispiay,
sales and craft demonstrations, with the exception of the kitchen
and rear servant's suite. The second floor of the Manor House is
used for seasonal housing for crafts shop employees, and occasTonal
storage. The third floor (attic) Is unused, except for a smaid
amount of storage.

2, Servant Quarters

The servant quarters were moved to their present Location from
another site in the original estate. The contemporary improvements
shown on the accompanying pians date from the time of that move.
The small frame building is currentty used to house Parkway
personnel.

3. Carriage Barn

The carriage barn is a two story structure with access available on
grade to each level from oppostng slides of the steep site. The | ower
jevel and second level are currently used for miscellaneous storage
and service functions associated with maintenance of the Parkway

property.
4, Appie Barn

The apple barn is used tor miscei|aneous storage associated with the
Parkway property. It Is located at a good distance from the Manor
House (see enclosed map), and is not easity accessidle to
pedestrians fran the Manor House parking area.


mBeehwa meu eaewaenw @weweweeenea a@G =

°

Investigate Instalitng flre protection systems in the manor house
and carriage barn.

if flre alarm systems are not currently in place, investigate the
cost of Installing an afarm connected to the Blowing Rock Fire
Station, Coordinate a flre alarm and control system with the Town
fire department.

Consider redesigning pedestrian access to the manor house, [n
order to create a more "noble" first view of the building.

in addition to monitoring parking and vehicular access, the
Parkway should consider reorlenting the pedestrtan access to the
manor house, so that visitors approach the bullding on its
intended front elevation.

Expand the scope of study to include ail of the sites associ ated
with the Cone estate.

This report suffers substantially fron its intended fecus on the
four structures. Important issues, such as the retationship of
the Cone estate to neighboring recreational facilities, nature
preserves, pedestrian paths, commerctal developments, etc., cannot
be addressed adequately here. Much of the historical significance
of the Cone property Jies In the land use policies aad activities
undertaken by Moses Cone. In order to create a use pian and
decIsion making framework for the property, a more comprehensive
analysis Is required.

Coordinate land use changes and construction pians with local
communittes. Local town councils, chambers of commerce, tourtst
bureaus and economic development agencies should be Involved In
any dectslons made for change of use or occupancy of the Cone
property. Additional analyses and studies should include detailed
surveys of communi ty needs, preferences and concerns.


m=aeaeaeGue_ nase uenmwwza ws @ewwxw sw 2 = =@" =

MOSES H. CONE
Born June 29th, 1857
Died December 8th, 1903

The Observer does not know how to discuss adequately the
death of Mr. Moses H. Cone without seeming to the stranger
ta exalt unduly the virtues of the man and the excellencies
of the citizen. Intellectually he was a tremendous force;
in his personality an exceedingly engaging man.

Large minded, large hearted, generous in his impulses, &
benefactor of the best type, a potent person in the
industrial activities of the state, the memory of his high
qualities of mind and heart wil! last as long as life is
spared to those who knew him and the influence of his
achievements in the material world will go on and on.

How much he has done in the upbuilding of his state, how
much in uplifting his employees and others around him and
making their lives worthwhile, how much for the education
and moral instruction of the children around his mountain
home, cannot be estimated and may not be said. His name
is written in the hearts of all these classes and his
influence for good will follow them throughout their lives.
His death, while ¢ keen personal bereavement to hundreds,
especially those of his own family, his intimate friends
and the two communities where he had his homes, has a
wider significance, and it is a blow to North Carolina

and the South, for there are few men who have done so
much for their advancement in material and other ways

or who have as large plans and high ambitions connected
with the future. The thought that death has overtaken him
even before he has seen the fruition of his hopes for his
prinecly estate in the mountains is tragic. Upon his
magnificent home in Watauga and his thousands of acres
around it his heart was fixed. And we wish it had been

so ordered that he could have seen the completion of the
development he had planned. It is most fitting that his
dust should repose on the noble eminence that he loved

so well, in the ground of his own selection for his grave.
Gad rest and be good to him.

Charlotte Observer
December 10, 1908

20


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laundry House and Servants’ Quarters
Behind Flat Tap Manor

July 13, 1967

GLRi PKY

Negative # 5186 (@94C)

Classification # 728



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Male Servant's Quarters at Cone Manor
Summer 1972

BLAT PRY

Negative # 3335

Classification # 728

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Trail in Moses H. Cone Memoria! Park

1940"

Negative # 8891 ©360G)
ification # 728

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32

Fstate. After leaving school he worked for the Estate, primarily in the China
Orchard. He was one of the few workers to remain on the Estate, working for
the National Park Service after Mrs. Cone died. Downs is perhaps the best source
for information about Estate history.

U.A. Hatten was Clyde Down's father-in-law and worked with Arthur Moody's
crew on the Estate. (Except for apple picking time, there were two crews on
the Estate. One crew worked primarily in the orchards and the other worked
on general Estate maintenance such as road repair and wood cutting. These
crews seem to have been somewhat consistent; that is, workers were not constantly
shifted from crew to crew.) Hatten often drove a team for plowing or hauling,
which meant that he was paid more per-hour and often worked longer hours because
of the time needed to care for the team.

Richard "Dick" Hollars was part of a large Hollars family at the Estate,
most of whom were church members. Hollars did general labor on the Fstate
and was remembered as a strong church member.

S.T. Isenhour was the Estate carpenter and blacksmith. His duties were
to maintain ell (including the homes of the workers) of the Estate's structures,
handle the blacksmithing, and mix the sprays for the orchards. His rate of pay
was higher than most workers and his leadership was acknowledged by his
appointment as the first church clerk and his election as a deacon. Isenhour's
kindness was demonstrated by his willingness to accept Johnny Baldwin, the
halfblack son of Monroe Baldwin, into his home after the boy's mother died.
dotmny was allowed te attend the Sandy Flats School and was a member of Sandy
Flats Church.

Arthur_Moody, though not a member of the church, had several children
and a wife who were Sandy Flats members. Moody was the foreman of the crew
that did road work, hay work, and wood cutting. He has also been reported to
have been the Foreman et Chine Orchard. Fd Underdown, the Estate supervisor,
scems to have been a more popular foreman with some of the workers than was
Moody. Arthur Moody should not be confused with A.C., his son.

Cloy_Penell worked on the Estate before 1923, when he became the
maintenance man for Blowing Rock School. He was a charter member of the
church,

John Teague lived near the present Blue Ridge Parkway bridge over Shull's
Mill Road. Teague fed the Estate horses and often drove a team, hauling wood,
which was cut by Estate workers. Usually, unless the health of the forest could
be enhanced, green wood was not cut.

Homer Tipton met his wife, Ruby Craig, when he was a truck driver from
Tennessee making deliveries to the Craig store in Blowing Rock. He lived a
short while on the Estate, where he was a wood cutter.

Luther West married Earl Colvar's daughter, Martha. West was a member
of Moody's Crew on the Estate. Colvar is known to have preached before Mrs.
Cone died in 1947,


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Cone Estate, Orchard, Small Lake, and Bass Lake
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July 13, 1947

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Removal of several outbuildings that were bullt in the Immedl|ate
vicinity of the manor house, such as the bowling alley and | aundry
buildings (see the enclosed historical photographs).

Deterioration of the surrounding orchards and original tandscaping.

Change In major vehicular and pedestrfan access fran the front to
rear of the manor house.

Moving the servant quarters to Its present location from a site
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Addition of display shelving and matertals necessary to operate the
craft shop.

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foilowing recent repairs to the roof.

Structural and fintsh changes made to the servant quarters buliding
at the time If was moved.

Changes in the local fandscape, new growth, etc. resulting fram
changes Im land use.

IMPACT OF PROPOSED USES

As stated In the introduction to this report, the Moberg Group did not receive
detailed information on proposed changes in buliding or site use during the
course of thls analys!s. The general areas of Impact analysis described below
are therefore speculative, and meant to represent only a spectrum of possible
uses for the property in question:

Proposed Uses:

i.

Cantinue uses currently In effect.

The four structures are currently being used in appropriate ways,
although they are underused from a public access perspective.
Existing stone retaining walis on both sides of the carriage barn
are both deteriorating and a safety hazard to pedestrians, Fencing
or other barriers should be installed at each retaining wall.

The servant quarters fs not identified adequately to casual
visitors, more a nulsance to tenants than a hazard. Addittonai
sIgnage and description of the properties' use should be installed.

The upper parking lat fs too small for the amount of visitors
reaching the manor house during the summer season. An informal
parking area has alse been created at the foot of Bass Lake (see


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Tenant Home Built By Moses Cone

Former Residents: Suddreth, Jeff Brown, A.C. Moody, and
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Former Residents:

X-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

¥-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

Z-Tenant Home
Former Resident:

Ralph Ford
Ivy Coffey
Allison Teague
Fred Penley.
Arthur Cox
Jim Earp
Robert Downs

Lige Reid
Lee Gilley
Seldom Wright
Barney Creed

Joe Winkler
Charlie Profitt
Wade Daniels
Butler Craig
Ivan Moody

Roby Coffey


Bartha L. Cone, the grantor of the trust imenturs of 30 May
2011, and of those who joined with her in making tha trust
possible, to provide for the vse of the said Flat Top Manor
Estate aa a park and pleasures ground for the public in per-
petuity and to make it an everlasting memorial to Mosea H.
Cone; and

WHEREAS, 1t {5 now the opinion of The Buspitel that
the maintenance of the trust property as « national park, weer
the name of THE MOSES H. COME MEMORIAL PARK, will unqueation-
ably make the property available ss a park and pleasure ground
to a wider public than The Hospital could hops to reach and
will perpetually memorialize tha nam of Moses H. Cone in a
manner consistent with the wey in which ha lived and with the
wishes of ths sald Bertha L. Gone, the grantor of the trust
indenture of 30 May 1911; and, further, that this wider public
will come to know the name of Motes H. Cone, and may come to
share with him, in ths words of the trust indenture of 30 Mey
1911, his realization of the salubrious and invigorating of-
fect of the climate, and his effeotion for the locality and
the people, of Watauga County; and .

WHEREAS, the National Park Services, pursuant to
authority granted by 54 Stat, 250, 16 U. $. , Seo. 460a-1,
and on behalf of tha UHITED STATES OF AMERICA, has indicated
its willingness to accept the said lands from The Boapital,
and b> assume the obligationa of The Hoapital undar the inden-
ture of 30 May 1911, and to hold the said lands for the purpo-
a69 and aubject to the terms and conditions of the trust cra-
eted by that indenture; .

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the
prenises and of the purposes to be effectuated by this conray-
ance, THE MOSES H. CONE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL has bargained and


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with the assistance of

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Audrey Frantz
Fatth Mi, Holland
1, Caral Murray -
Gertrude Rosenthal

HE CONE COLLECTION
THE BALTIMORE WtUSEULM OF ART




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paid 15-20 cents per hour. The Orchard Foreman, J.H. Winkler, was paid 10
cents per hour and, the rate for a regular apple picker-mower-sprayer was around
7.3 cents per hour. Although J.H. Winkler was paid only a small amount more
per hour than the average employees, he worked more hours, sometimes as many
as 30 more than any of the men in his crew; the same generally held true for
J.M. Day, another foreman.

In addition to providing some insight into the nature and quantity of work,
both on the Estate and in the Orchard itself, J.D. Brown's ledger has many other
revealing listings. Particularly interesting are the entries listed as bills, or jobs
other than those paid by a straight hourly wage. During this early stage in the
development of the Estate, there appears to have been quite a bit of building
underway. Entries for lumber, dressing lumber, shingles, and carpenter labor
suggest that cottages, probably for tenants, were still being constructed in 1907,
Cattle were sold for $25 to $30 and tenants were paid for tending the Estate
cattle that grazed near theie homes. James Brown, a relative of J.D. Brown,
was paid a nominal fee for tending the cattle near his home, but his wife was
paid as much as $4 for butter, some of which was sold to seasonal residents.
Two men, J.D. Brown (the Foreman) and L.C. Hartley {the Dairyman), were paid
by the month, $35.00 and $20.00 respectively.

The ledger also provides information about Sandy Flats School. Because
the Cones were interested in the welfare of their community, they built a school
on the Estate for beth the children of the employees and some areex residents.
Although I do not wish to dwell on the Cone generosity in this study, they
consistently showed a genuine concern for the citizens of their adopted town.
The schooi is a tangible manisfestation of that concern, While sources conflict
on the exact number of extra months the Cones kept the school open there fs
little doubt that they also paig, an additional teacher in order to provide an
adequate learning environment. A ledger dated April 9, 1906, and labeled
“Sub on School,” seems to be extra work which was sub-contracted to build the
school. Entries throughout the ledger are for money paid to teachers. Another
interesting note in the ledger pertains to the responsibility for maintaining the
school. This maintenance was in the hands of Ed Underdown, the Estate Supervisor.
This may suggest the importance which Moses and Bertha Cone attached to the
school.

Several entries in the back of the ledger pertain to Cone-tenant relationships.
These agreements were more binding upon the Estate than the tenant, for the
only stipulations on the tenants were to feed any cattle grazing near their home
and to give their free time to work for the Estate. In return, the Estate agreed
to provide the tenant with a house to live in — free of charge, one acre for a
garden and pasture, and the use of a barn. Wood for tenants ygs $3.00 per-
cord but the workers were allowed to cut wood while on Estate time.

None of the tenant houses had electricity or running water, and repairs were
made by C,'T, Isenhour, the Estate Carpenter.

Across the lower portion of China Orchard was a log cabin occupied by
a preacher named Adams. Although this structure has been completely destroyed
and its exact location is not discernable, the house was built on a steep slope,
neat 4 spring, with stilts supporting the portion of the cabin on the lower end
of the hill. Supposedly, the preacher was leading a prayer in church one day
when a rock was thrown through the window; the minister ducked ard continued
his work. When asked later by a member of the congregation how he was able
to avoid the rock if he was praying with his eyes closed, Preacher Adams said,
"the good book says to watch and pray, and it says to watch before it says to
pray!" In his spare time the good preacher was known to sell "Test-e-ments"


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THE CONE FAMILY

Family Origins

The Cone Family originated in Altenstadt am lller, Bavaria - now a state
of Germany. Moses (or Samson) Kahn (b. 1781, d. 1853), a Jewish merchant married
Klara Gidelle Marx (d. 1829) who gave birth te ten children, Babette (1810-1891),
Nanette (1812-1881), Flsa (1813-1893), Samson (1815-1886), Karoline (1817-1889),
Mine (1821-1897), Sofie (1825-1916), Herman (1828-1897), who was the youngest,
and two others, Fanny and Bella.

Herman, at the age of 17, immigrated to America in 1846 and joined his
Married sister in Richmond, Virginia. At some point the family name was
translated to Cone. Herman worked as a dry goods peddler in the southern states
and by 1855 assumed co-ownership with an Adler cousin of a grocery store in
Jonesboro, Tennessee. In 1856 he married Helen Guggenheimer of Natural Bridge,
Virginia, and over the next twenty years they had thirteen children, ten boys
and three girls. Moses, the eldest, was born in 1857 and Frederic, the youngest,
in 1878. Albert, born in 1886, died in infancy, and Monroe, the fourth child,
died in 1891 before his thirtieth birthday. The eldest daughter, Carrie, was born
in 1861; married in Baltimore in 1883 to Moses Long, she eventually established
her own family household in North Carolina. Cluribel, the fifth child (born
November 14, 1864), Etta, the ninth child (oorn November 30,1870), and Frederic,
the thirteenth, never merried and eveptually maintained a joint household in
Raltimore under Miss Etta's management.

Having lived through the Civil War with apparently minimal disruption,
in 1871 Herman sold his half share in the Jonesboro grocery store and moved
with his wife and eight children to Baltimore where he bought a house on Lavale
Street in Bolton Hill and opened a wholesale grocery store, In 1878 the business
was renamed H. Cone & Sons, reflecting the active involvement of eldest sons
Moses and Ceasar (born 185%), who worked as "drummers" throughout the south
for their father's business. By 1880 the family moved to a more spacious and
elegant brownstone at 1607 Eutaw Place, a then fashionable residential district,
and participated in the social life of a large German-Jewish community, including
numerous Guggenheimer relatives. The Cones were members of the neighborhood
congregation and Helen Cone attended weekly services, but religion was not
a central part of the family life. in May of 1882, with Moses in charge of the
family business and Carrie smoothly managing the family household, Helen and
lierman Cone departed for a four-menth European trip to visit German relatives
and to make the "Grand Tour." The business prospered and in 1890 H. Cone &
Sons was dissolved, with Herman Cone's profits loaned to Moses and Ceasar who
in turn founded Cone Export and Commission Company based in New York City.
Within a few years the Cone brothers had become owner-operators of many small
southern cotton mills, the base of what would become an enormously successful
financial empire. In 1893 the company established a main office in Greensboro,
North Carolina, and expanded with construction of the Proximity Manufacturing
Company {cotton mills), the White Oak Mills (the largest denim manufacturing
plant in the world), and the Proximity Print Works (printing mattress ticking,
indigo drills, and khakis). The Cone Mills, known us a "community" rather than
as a company and recognized as a leader in employee welfare, operate to the
present day (though, since 1984, no Ionger under Cone family control). Herman
Cone suffering from heart trouble, retired when his business was dissolved; the
family was supported from that time by Moses and Ceasar through the success
of Cone Export. Herman died in 1897 and Helen in 1902.


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The object of this study are four freestanding structures located on property
administered by the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the
Interior. The Manor House, Carriage Barn, Servant Quarters and Apple Barn
were structures bufit and owned by the textile magnate Moses H, Cone and his
wite, Bertha LIndau Cone,

The orlginal 3600 acre estate Is tocated in the heart of the Blue Ridge
Mountains, adjacent to the Town of Blowing Rock. The meacoiontal manor house
was constructed at the turn of the twentieth century. Following Moses Cone's
death In 1908, Bertha Cone managed the property until her death in 1947.
During that period, the use of the primary structures remalned essentially the
sane,

Follow!ng assumption of the property by the Department of the Interlor fn
1949, relatively minor changes were made to the manor house, carrlage barn and
apple barn in order to accommodate visitors and abridgement of agricul tural
activities.

Although many buildings used by tenant farmers have been demo! Ished Ta the
past five decades, [little documentation of their appearance, constructfon or
location remains.

The estate is currently used for public nature tralls, horseback riding and
modest agricultural uses (grazing fand, etc.). The manor house Is currently
occupled by a regional craft gulld. The servant quarters houses Parkway
personnel and the two barns are used for miscel{aneous storage.

All structures are in stable condition, requiring only minor repairs,
Cyclical maintenance costs, however, may be relatively high.

The only major architectural change to the manor house is in the form of first
floor toilet factlities for public use. However, vehicular and pedestrian
access to the imposing residence has been altered substantial ly.

In general, the primary concern of the Parkway should be treatment of the site
as a whole, with careful consideration of parktng requlrements and vist tor
circulation.

Detalled appralsats of the impact of use changes for the four bulldings have
been difficult, since the Parkway has not established specific alternatives
for consideration.


These orchards provided the main livelihood for the tenants on the Estate. Moses
Cone was a prize-winning orchardist. He raised 76 varieties of apples, 20 varieties
of pears, 33 varieties of peaches, 10 varieties of plums, and 9 varieties of cherries
(See Appendix B).

All the workers on the Estate assisted in picking the apples at harvest time.
One orchard labeled on the map as the China Orchard was on such a steep slope
that a 15 horsepower trolley was used to haul the apples to the top of the hill
where they could be loaded onto a truck. The trolley ran on kerosene and followed
a steel rail up and down the slope using a pulley. Carl Hollars, who worked in
the Orchards, remembers, "the crates held three bushels. You could put about
eight to ten crates on the pulley." A big trucking firm shipped the apples. Some
were sold locally and the ones that were not sold were brought back and divided
among the tenant families. One year the orchards produced an estimated 50,000
bushels.

Clyde Downs, who lived and worked on the Estate for 72 years, notes that
"when Daddy started, he got seven and a half cents an hour. As time went along,
he made a little more. If he worked 10 hours, he made 75 cents."

"It was pretty nice, yes it was. It was a number one good place for poor
people to live. We had a house, garden, no charges for that. We could pick up
all the apples we wanted and we paid $3 a cord for wood cut and hauled to you.

Workmen were later paid about 10 cents an hour and they generally worked
10 hours a day. Supervisors were paid 15 cents an hour. Payday was every two
weeks, except for the supervisors who were paid once a month.

Tenant families respected the Cones and the available information suggests

that they regarded it as a good life. Each tenant was allowed to keep a cow,
have a barn, and half an acre for a garden of their own. The tenant houses had
three to five rooms and were usually built in secluded spots near a spring. All
were painted a uniform grey but they were not exactly alike. Some had been
built before the Cones purchased the property which comprised the Estate. All
the houses were kept in good repair. None of them, however, had electricity.
Fred Mays estimates that the Estate employed approximately 100 workers. Among
the men who served in supervisory positions at one time are the following: Jeff
Brown, Pay Master; Arthur Moody, Superintendent of Labor; Ed Underdown,
Superintendent of Labor and Apple Orchards Superintendent.

The employees of the Estate were primarily natives who were born and
raised near the Estate. The three main categories of employees were orchard
workers, woodcutters, and domestic servants. The flower gardens required the
loving attention of two full-time gardeners, as did the prolific vegetable garden.
A blacksmith was responsible for the horses and carriages and the general
maintenance of the Carriage Barn. As mentioned previously, the blacksmith
also oversaw the operation of the carbide plant. The dairyman was employed
to manage the variety of responsibilities associated with a part of the Estate
which was considered vital. During the summer season, a man was assigned the
responsibility of keeping the lawn mowed and the shrubbery pruned. Orchard
workers pruned trees and picked apples. Wood cutters were in charge of cutting
the firewood for the furnaces in the Manor House a year ahead of time and picking
up dead branches along the carriage trails. Domestic servants were in charge
of running the laundry, cooking, and cleaning. There was also a butler and
chauffeur who drove the Cones’ 12 cylinder Lincoln limosine. (It is said that
it took about 4 gallons of gas to drive to Blowing Rock and back — a trip of less
than 10 miles. Incidentally, the Cones later purchased a high-priced Pierce-Arrow.)


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Ceasar, II 1/30/1908

B-3 Carrie Cone married 2/14/84 in Baltimore, Moses David Long,
Asheville, North Caroling (b. 2/18/1850 or 1852 in Maryland-Upper
Marlboro or Port Deposit. d. 8/17/1936 in Asheville).

Children:
Irving 12/29/1884 - 12/22/1922
b. Marshaltown, iowa
Edna Muriel 4/19/1886 - 10/11/1962
Dorothy 12/17/1892
B-4 Monroe Cone, bachelor, died young in 1891
B-5 Claribel Cone, Medical Doctor in Baltimore, Never married. Art
Collector; left to sister Etta
B-6 Albert Cone, died age 3 months
B-T Solomon Cone, bachelor, New York. Textiles, cotton broker,
bridge player
B-8 Sydney M. Cone, Orthopedic Surgeon in Baltimore, married Bessie
Skutch on August 18, 1903. (b. 6/9/1880 ~ d. 5/16/1946)
Children:
Sydney M., dr. 10/19/1904
Maxwell 8/7/1906 ~ 10/3/1977
Frank 6/24/1910 - 9/3/1942
B-9 Etta Cone, Never married, Collector of Art, Textiles, Jewelry,

ete. Left Collections to Baltimore Museum of art

B-10 Julius W. Cone (textiles) married Laura Weill Stern (widow of
David Stern} on 3/15/1916, Laura was born September 21, 1888.
Died February 2, 1970.

Children:
Edward Toner S/A/IGIT
Musician at Princeton
Julius W., Jr. 2/23/1920 - 7/5/1926
B-11 Bernard M. Cone, lawyer and textiles, married Elaine Wolfon,
March 27, 1911. Elaine was born November 19 about 1889,
Children:
Harold 1/28/1912
B-12 Clarence N. Cone (textiles) married Sadie Frank on May 2, 1904
(b. 4/2/1879 d. 6/25/65) (Sadie remarried Benjamin Bates on April
18, 1933)
Children: (by Clarence Cone - none by Bates)
Isabel 9/19/1906 - 1977
Clarence dJr., 9/16/1910
B-13 Frederick W. Cone, bachelor, Baltimore Art Collector, left to

Sister Etta


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16

manufacturers. The early manufacturers like the Holts and Steeles and Fries
and Chathams, to mention only a few pioneers, were also great merchants. The
success of W.A. Erwin, of Erwin Mills; David Y. Cooper, of Ienderson, South
Carolina; Yann, of Franklinton; Cannon, of Cabarrus; Efrid, of Albemarle - to
mention only a few very successful men in cotton manufacturing, was largely
due to the fact that they were extraordinarily good merchants. They had the
genius to sell what they made. And that is true of the Cones, most of them,
particularly of Moses H. Cone, the oldest of a dozen children. As young Moses
Cone traveled through these mountains and took orders for groceries, the lure
of the heights and the valleys and the fine stuff of the people got into his blood.
He loved the bracing air, the cool water from its sparkling springs, the grandeur
of the mountain peaks and the lovely and sweet meadows and the music of the
streams. They held him and went with him as later, Moses and his brothers,
made connections with big textile mills whose products they sold all over the
country. It was not long before Moses Cone saw that southern mills received
too little because they depended chiefly on selling yarns and cheaper fabrics,
and so he and his brothers resolved to construct finishing mills, which they did
at Greensboro, and later at other places. It was sclling before making that laid
the foundations for the big Cone fortune. It was said they could sell anything
they offered,

As young Moses drank in the glory of the mountains and traveled from
place to place, he spent his spare moments in reading. He later said that any
man could read himself into a good education. That is what he did. He had
received only the sort of public school instruction which Jonesboro, Tennessee
offered in the late 1860's and early 1870's. But he had great curiosity. Everything
that concerned man interested him. He first learned men. He learned how to
win them, Then he learned books. An indefatigable reader, he mastered what
he read. With remarkable mind and keenness of intellect of the best of the Hebrew
race, he was as keen for knowledge all his life as he was for orders in his youth
as a traveling drummer. Economics, history, literature, art — all intrigued him,
and by the time he saw the possibility of the Vision of Beauty he incarnated here,
and made it permanent in his noble estate he had become an educated man at
the age of 40. Thenceforward, he alternated business with the development
of the Moses H. Cone Manor. He came here for his health after he became rich.
The early lure held him fast. Me purchased 3,000 acres of mountain and valley
and meadow and sect about developing it. He first bought land and started to
build on the beauiful land that looks toward Lenior. Later he caught the vision
of Flat Top and Rich Mountains, and the farm which he converted into orchards
of thousands of apple trees and into beautiful lakes. Biltmore, near Asheville,
is known the world over. Comparatively few people are familiar with the Cone
Estate near here. Mr. Cone built a home that would be called a mansion in New
York or a castle in the old country. It became in his last days the home of genuine
end generous hospitality to his many friends and large family connections and
so remains a place of delight to those fortunate to be friends of Mrs, Cone.
Indeed, she keeps the place as near as possible in every way to how Mr. Cone
designed it, with his own constant improvements. "If an apple a day keeps the
doctor away" there are enough epples in the Cone orchards to starve thousands
of disciples of Aesculapius. The Cone orchard is one of the show places of
America. Many see it. But the sight of sights on the Estate is the drive to Rich
Mountain and to Flat Top. On top ef both mountains, Mr. Cone built observatories
from which one can see five states on a clear day and feel literally that he is
on top of the world. On Rich Mountain there are scores of haw trees’ — the most
beautiful haw trees in all the world — and just now the red berries, to be crimson
by September, are a riot of beauty and glory. Standing under the shade of such
trees, you can see Grandfather and a score of other mountains. | was fortunate
enough to be on Flat Top to look down on the clouds below and to stand in the


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5. Repair elevator trap doors on first floor (currently off thefr
hinges).

6. Institute better landscaping and slte management procedure to
control undergrawth and weeds.

7. Institute regular Inspection procedure to keep butlding sealed from
public access.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

(n general, the four structures evaluated and documented in thts report are In
a stable condition. Repalr items are relatively minor, although cyclical
maintenance items required over the next five or six years may represent much
greater expenditures. These include (but are not {Imited to) roofing, paint,
mechanical/electrical and plumbing systems, masonry repair, and | andscaping.

Specltic items for further study Include:
® Construction of new toilet facllities for public use.

The location of the toflet facilittes on the side of the manor
house is conventent, but the adapted structure is an eyesore on an
otherwlse relatively "pristine" histor{c bullding. Any
contemp! ated change in use of the estate or [ts bul! dtnags that
involves increased traffic will require increased toilet facility
capaci ty.

° Upgrading of directional signage and historic/information signage
on the estate.

Currently, visitors have Inadequate Information concerning the
focation of nearby structures, paths and natural features. In
addition, the character of the orfgInal estate's operation fs not
adequately explained to casual visitors. Pamphlets, explanatory
plaques, etc. can renedy this.

°® Historic research on original site plan, including tocation and
structure of al! outbuildings, In preparation for possible new
construction.

To the extent possible, new construction should respect or
recreate the orlginal site plan contempiated by Moses Cone. In
addition, research on the orlginal apple orchard and agricul tural
activities adjacent to the manor house should be continued. A
pian of the whole property, Including ali farm lands controlled by
the Cone family, should be documented.


an@an mem wee eee ewe ese See eee

Greensboro: Cone Printing Services, 1977.

Hirschland, Elien B. Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein
and Her Family. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1970.

Pollack, Berbara. ‘The Collectors: Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta Cone. Indianapolis
and New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1962.

Richardson, Brrenda. Dr. Claribei_and Miss Etta. Balitmore: The Balitmore
Museum of Art, 1985.

Saarinen, Aline B. The Proud Possessors. New York: Random House, 1958.

These books focus primarily on the lives of Claribel and Etta Cone and
their extensive art collections. The Richardson work is especially important
because it has a brief section on the Cone family and an exhaustive listing of
Matisse works in the Cone Collection.

UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS

Abbuehl, Edward H. "The Blue Ridge Parkway - Blowing Rock to Linville Falls"
April, 1986. A description of the Cone Estate and its relationship to the
Blue Ridge Parkway.

Beeler, James. “An Analysis of Sandy Flats Missionary Baptist Church 1928-1948
and Its Relationship to the Moses H. Cone Estate" May 8, 1981. Explores
the founding of the church and its relationship to the Cone Estate.

Beeler, James. “An Analysis of the China Orchard in the Moses H. Cone Estate:
1900-1947" December 15, 1980. A description of th China Orchard with
an analysis of operational procedures and soil content.

Beeler, James. “An Evaluation of the Effects of the Moses Cone Estate on the
Region, Its Employees, and an Examination of Operational Procedures"
Date unknown. This student paper examines the lifestyles, working
conditions, and tenant to tenant relationships on the Estate.

Cone, Sydney M. “The Cones of Bavaria." This is the family geneology which
has been maintained meticulously,

Yonts, Marcie. "Sandy Flats School and Sandy Flats Missionary Church 1906-1948"
May 3, 1981. A description of Sandy Flats School and its evolution to Sandy
Flats Missionary Baptist Church. The relationship between the school/church
and the Estate is considered.

ARTICLES

“Mountain Museum Opens." Mountain Life and Work Vol. 28, No, 2 (1952).

“New Guild Shop." Mountain Life and Work Vol. 3, No. 3 (1951).

"The Crafts of Cone Park." Tar Heel (May-June 1979).

The articles contain information on the Southern Highlands Handicraft


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contained

elaratory
attesting
Inder ture

Carolina,

grentor end the grantee of this indenture that

_ness of this indgenture is subject to its approval by the
courts of the State of North Carolina, as ons within the power
of THE MOSES H. CONE MEMORIAL HOSFITAL uncer the tarma of its
charter and its several controlling trust incentures. This
indenture {fs exsouted and delivered by THE UCSES H. CONE
HEXORIAL HOSPITAL and accepted by the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
conditioned upon the approve) of the Supreme Court of the State
of North Carolina. The UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, acting

through the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to authority |

249, 250; 16 U. 8. C, 460a-1), has Joined in the execution of
this indenture to indicatsa ite willingness te accept the prop-
erty hereby conveyed on the terms and conditions herein ¢on-
tained, provided, however, that in view of the prohibition
preacribed in the act of March 3, 1905S, as amended (31 U. S.
c. 665), nothing herein contained shall be construed as bind-

ing the seid Secretary cr the National Park Service to axpend

thea affeotive-

in Section 3 of the act of Juns B, 1940 (54 Stat.

in ey one (1) fiscal year any sun in excess of appropriations
made by the Congress for thet fiscal yoar, or to involve the
United States in any contract or other obligation for the
future payrent of money in excess of such appropriations. THE

MOSES H. COKE VEMORIas HOSPITAL agrees that it will seek 4 de-

judgment in the courts of the State of North Carolina,
its authority to effectuate this indenture. If this
is approved by the courts of the State of North

it shalk becore effective thirty {30} deys from the

date of the entry of the Judgrent, so approving it, in the

supreme Court of the State of North Carolina. . .

I¥ TESTIVONY “HEREOF, TH MOSES H. CONE Mby OHTAL


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WHEREAS, the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, acting through
“tne Watdonel Park Service, a duly constituted agency of The
covernment, 18 developing the Blue Ridge Parkway, « scenic
highway which «121 conneot the Shenandosh National Park with
the Great Smoky Mountains Rational Park; and the proposed route
of the said Blue Ridge Parksay runs through and across the
lands of the Flat Top Manor Estate 60 that, in the absence of
“this indenture, 4t vould be necessary for the State of Rorth
Carolina to cendemn and procure, for the use of the UNITED
STATES OP AMERICA a a part of the mid Blue Ridge Parkway, ¢
right-of-way through the lands so held in trust; and further
so that, in the absence of thia indenture, the said lands would

be bisected by the said right-of-way end public highway and The
Hospital would held in trust two isoleted fragments of land,
complately separated bY the said right-of-wey and public high-
way; and : ‘

WHEREAS, The Hospital has decided that it is in the
deat Interests of the trust created by the indenture of 30 Way
1931 to convey the landa known as the Flat Top anor Estate to
the URITED STATES OF AMERICA, for use and development as @
part of the Blue Ridge Parkway, without the necessity for puch
condemnation; and that it te in the best interests of the said
trust that a part of opid lends ba used by The Government for
a right-of-way for the Blwe Ridge Parkway, snd that the re-
mainder of said lands be developed and maintained by the
Nationel Park Service 4a a recreational area and public perk,
in connection with the said Blue Ridge Parkway and in accord-
ance with the terms and conditions of the trust indanture of
30 Kay 1911; and

WHEREAS, it waa the atated purposs and deeire of



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All of the domestic servants were black and stayed in the servants' quarters
on a hill behind the Manor House.

There were two entrances to the Estate and each was secured by an iron
gate, according to Ted Pease. "Down at the Flannery Fork Road, at the sheep
barn, people could get onto the Estate but it was not open to the public." When
asked about security for the Estate he said, "Well, I don't know but Mr. Moody
kept a 30:36 rifle at his bed with him.”

Moses Cone, usually dressed in knickers, liked to wander about the Estate
in the morning, supervising and aiding his workers. He took great pride in the
Estate and no detai] was above his considered attention. He was a natural leader
and the workers responded to that leadership. Mrs. Cone inspected every job
when it was completed and she was perhaps more demanding than her husband.
The workers on the Estate considered her to be a perfectionist. While she was
demanding it was tempered with a love and respect for the workers.

On a summer's evening, Moses and Bertha may have been seen dressed
in their formal attire entertaining influential guests like the Secretary of the
Navy, the Governor of North Carolina, or the President of the Southern Railroad
Company. As a matter of fact, the Cones and the Estate attracted a wide variety
of influential Americans and Europeans. This was especially true during the
delightful summers and spectacular autumns. While they had no children of their
own, they often entertained children from the Estate and the community. On
these occasions, they served home-churned ice cream, This relationship between
the Cones and lecal children was, according to previous tenants, very supportive
and nurturing.

The Cones were both interested and involved in educational endeavors
in Watauga County. In fact, because of Moses Cone's gencrous offer, Appalachian
State University was almost built in Blowing Rock. In 1903, Appalachian Training
School was approved by the State Senate. Capt. E.F. Lovelle, F.P. Moore, J.M.
Barnhardt, and Moses Cone headed the Executive Committee to choose a site
for the new school. Blowing Rock offered $1,000 in cash, a beautiful site on
the Estate and a personal gift of $1,500 from Moses Cone. In spite of this generous
offer, the committee voted for the Boone site which included $1,500 in cash
and free use of Watauga Academy. Moses Cong served on the original Board
and for many years was its largest contributor. According to Boone attorney
Wade Brown, Moses Cone also served as a member of the Watauga County Board
of Education. This service reflects his strong commitment to egalitarian education
end a good public school system.

Moses and Bertha Cone also insisted on providing an education for the
children who lived on the Estate. In these days, the nearest schoo] was many
miles away and was only open for two months out of the year. In 1908, the Cones
built their own school at Sandy Flats. It served all the children of the tenant
families plus e few from outside the Estate. It accommodated 30 to 60 students,
in grades ranging from first through eighth. Charlie Isenhour says, "it was a
two-teacher, two-room school." The teachers were originally hired to teach
two months by the state but the Cones paid them to stay additional months.

By 1928, the public school system was providing transportation for all
students. ‘This facilitated school consolidation and ultimately the closing of
Sandy Flats School. Sandy Flats Schoo) was then converted to Sandy Flats Baptist
Church. Mrs. Cone allowed the building to be used as a church with a provision
that if the congregation ever disbanded, the building was to revert back to the
Estate.


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“Sold, and by these prasents doos bargein, 201), and convey
unto‘ the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA all that traot or parcel of
land located in the County of Watauga, State of North Carolin,
near Blowing Rock, known aa the Plat Top Manor Eotate, and con-
aisting of four (¢} separate parcels of land, which are more

particularly Dounded and desoribed as follows:

FIRST; That tract of land conveyed to Bertha
L. Cons, the grantor of tha indenture of 30 May 1911,
by deod dated January 27, 1910, and executed by
Censar Cone ond wife, Sol N. Cone, Julius W. Cone,
Bernurd M. Cone, Clarence N, Cone and wife, Frederick
W. Cone, Hoses B. Long and wife, Sydney M. Cone and
wife, Claridel Core and Etta Cone, ond recorded or
filed for record in the Register of Daedat Office of
Watauga County, und to which dood reference 1s heraby
meade for mors perfect dascription and for matea and
bounds, sontalning about Thirty-five Hundred (3500)
acres,

SECOND: That trant of iand conveyed to Bertha
L. Cone, the grantor of tha indenture of 30 Yay 3911,
by J. D. Brown and wife, by deed dated Oct, 15, 1908,
and recorded in the Registry of Watauge County, North
Carolina, im Book 12, page 112, to whieh reference is
hareby mada for perfect desaription and for the metes
and bounds thereof, md containing about fifteen (15}
acral

THIRD: That tract of land conveyed to Bertha
L. Core, the grantor of the indentura of 3O May 1911,
by E. ¥. Andrews and wife, dated January 3, 1910, and
recorded in the Registry aforesaid, in Book "11", page
$02, to which reference is heroby made for metes and
bounds and a more perfect description, and containing
about one-half {1/2} ap acre,

POURTH: ‘That treat of lam conveyed to Bertha
L. Cone, the grantor of the indenture of 36 May i911,
by D. F. Surmey and wife by deed dated Deo, 24, 1909,
and recorded in the Registry aforesaid, in Book “11",
page 504, to which refarence is hereby made for more
parfeot description end for motes and bounds, and
+ containing about one-half (1/2) an sore.

BEING the sam property which waa conveyed to
THE MOSES H. GORE MEWORIAL HOSPITAL by Bartha L. Cone
by dasd dated the 30th dey of Yay, 1911, and recorded
in the office of the Regiater of Deeds of the County
of Wataugs, State ef North Carolina, in Book "11", at
page 517.

Together with 211 privileges and appurtenances there-

unto belonging, but subject to the terms and conditions harsin-

" after set forth:


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front to back on a saddle made from leather. He peddled tin galvanized wash
tubs, dish pans, egg beaters, cabbage graters, wash boards, wash pans, axes, picks,
shovels, mattocks, and other useful tools. He made many friends in this area
and they were satisfied to sell their land to him because they knew he loved
the land."

After securing the Jefferson Brown farm in 1899, Moses began construction
of the Manor House. Oxen were used to haul lumber some 20 winding mountainous
miles from the railroad head at Lenoir and tenants were hired to help with
construction.

The Manor House's gabled design included 20 rooms with four complete
floors. The two main floors served as the living quarters for the Cone family
and their guests. The basement housed two huge forced-air furnaces. On the
main floors there were plaster walls and all the floors were of dark oak except
the kitchen and bathrooms which were tile. The main staircase supported a
banister made of cherry wood and above the landing, half way up the stairs, was
a large Tiffany window with a stunning ornate design. A solarium graced the
first floor and a widow's walk overlooked the lake below and the mountains beyond.
On the side of the house was a carriage porch where Mrs. Cone embarked on
her daily rides over the Estate.

The outside of the Manor House was a majestic white. A porch ran the
full length of the front and was partially enclosed in glass providing a solarium
effect. The house was situated on the top of a hill and looked down across five
acres which would eventually be covered with orchards to Bass Lake.

Moses built three lakes on the Estate. One was used for spawning fish,
which, when grown, were transported to Bass Lake or Trout Lake. According
to Fred Mays, his mother Alice, made all the fish food and did all the feeding
of the fish. She made the food out of rock ground corn meal. Mrs. Ruby Walters,
who also grew up on the Estate, described the lakes as "beautiful — nobody went
swimming because Mrs. Cone wanted the lakes to look at and admire. Bass Lake
had water lilies, an island and, ducks, and a lot of wild animals. There was a
little heart pool which is now broken and has not been repaired. Flowers and
shrubs were just beautiful and plentiful." Indeed, the small heart-shaped pool
was floored with native stone, stocked with trout, and fed by a mountain spring.
Like the rest of the Estate, it was thoughtfully designed and crafted with loving
care and deference to setting.

The Cones were naturalists before the term became popular and they worked
to preserve and enrich their land. With the advice of their friend Gifford Pinchot,
Governor of Pennsylvania and noted conservationist, they planted extensive white
pine forests and hemlock hedges. Any tree that was cut was replaced. Fred
Mays suggests that Sugar Maple Trees were transported directly from New
Hampshire and that Mr. Cone took special pride in their beauty.

Moses imported whitetail deer from Pennsylvania and released them to
roam inside the Estate. He had a special fondness for animals in their natural
habitat and none of his employees were allowed to kill or frighten them. It has
been suggested that to kill even one squirrel meant dismissal from employment
on the Estate.

Later a dairy was constructed and a dairyman was employed to keep 10
Guernesy and 10 Jersey milk cows that furnished the Cones and the tenant families
with all their dairy needs. The cows produced enough milk to be sold commercially.
There was a steam sterilizer, according to Ted Pease, where the milk bottles


= age a = =m. ana 2 ee -a

Bass Lake (Water Lilies)
July 13, 1947

BLRI PKY

Negative # 6346 (89410)
Classification # 728



Barn

Not Labeled on Map
Belongs to "PP"
BLRI PKY

Negative # MCt9



Appendix L
bd Built by Cone
** Not Built by Cone

Listing of Structures of the Cone Estate and Former Residents in order of occupancy:

* AA-Cone Manor House
BB-Bowling Alley
* CC~-1908 Tenant Home
Former Residents: Tipton Green
Barber Hartley
Commodore Green
Luther White

*

* DD-1908 Tenant Home
Former Residents: Jim Lyons
¥. A. Halten
Merle Moody
Odus Wilcox

** EE-Tenant Home
Former Residents: Sodderth
Jeff Brown
A. C. Moody
Merle Moody

‘ FF-1908 Tenant Home
Former Residents: ~ Larkin Hartley
Ww. C. Downs
Ivan Moody
Luther West

Howard Parker

* GG-Tenant Home
Former Residents: Rom Pearson

W. C. (Lom) Downs
Will Teague
Roby Baldwin

* HR-Apple Barn

. il-Apple Barn

* dJ-Apple Barn

*

KK-Tenant ome

Former Residents: Pomeroy Downs
Raymond Dellinger
Will Teague
H. Coffey
Ed Moody
Reese Moody
Shirley Calloway
Harley Coffey
Fred Teague


Right: Back of Flat Top Manor
Left Foreground: Razed house (Bldg. # 240) moved to

another location in Cone Park
Left Background: Servants’ Quarters (Bldg. # ZD4)
Negative # 5182 (8948)
Classification # 728

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As one might expect of the perfectionist, Moses Cone always insisted on
a mowed Orchard. Mowing was also necessary to assure an easier and more
efficient operation, for undergrowth not only stifled the growth of the trees,
it also made picking up apples more difficult. Although there were enough roads
to allow the use of power machines, there is no evidence to ipgicate that anything
besides hand held sickles were used to mow the Orchard. Other than when
visibly necessary, the Orchard was mowed before harvesting. One circumstance
which made mowing a challenging and exciting job was the presence of rattlesnakes
in the Orehard. According to Clyde Downs, there were days when the workers
would kill as many as six cattlers. The yellow female rattlesnakes seemed to
be “meaner” than the black males. All one had to do was, "back them into a
corner and they would start singing." There wes not as much trouble with the
copperhead, the area's other poisonous snake.

In addition to mowing the Orchard, the trees themselves had to be pruned
and trimmed. ‘This was such a tedious, time consuming task that it often took
an entire year to complete. When picking season arrived in late summer, all
of the Estate's approximately 40 women would assist with the task. In addition,
extra men, women, and children were hired during the busiest times. Contrary
to tradition elsewhere, the Sandy Flats School was not dismissed during picking
season. Except for the YOYNEs who were paid less, all of the additional employees
were paid the same wage.

During the years 1930-1932, wages were based upon the number of bushels
picked by a worker. The pay rate was four cents a bushel and some of the workers
were able to pick around 100 bushels a day. At that output, the pay was four
dollars per day, about twice the 22.5 cents an hour that the Estate normally
paid. This system was discontinued, however, because the foreman, had a difficult
time keeping up with the number of bushels picked by each person.

J. D. Brown served as a foreman of the Estate in its early years. He assisted
Moses Cone in land acquisition for the Estate and helped with the development
of the orchards in 1900. A ledger book that he kept from 1905 to 1908 has been
saved and is in: the possession of his son, Wade Brown, a Boone attorney. This
valuable document reveals many interesting insights into the operation of both
the Orchard and the larger Estate. According te Appendices F and G, the number
of workers employed in each season varied. As one might expect, in the winter
and fall there were fewer workers employed. There is also some indication that
those who were employed yeer-round were better paid than the seasonal help,
although the difference is slight in some cases. With only one exception, the
rate of pay per hour is directly proportional to the total number of workers
employed by the Estate. In addition to employing fewer workers, the off seasons
(fall and winter) provided fewer hours of pay-per-period. This is particularly
evident in the Orchard, or Big Lake section of the ledger. (The orchard section
is labeled, "Work at the Big Lake," because it was managed through the Bass
Lake Apple Barn.) A higher average number of workers and a lower average
rate of pay in the ledgers generally indicates that more children were employed
during these periods. Statistics for the workers supervised by J.B. Brown, end
those workers in the Orchard, are very nearly the same. This suggests that the
work was considered comparable. The only difference seems to be that the
Orchard employees worked longer hours in the spring and summer and shorter
hours during the fall and winter; while the "regular" employees enjoyed a more
constant number of hours per season. 7

The average tates of pay often reflect "team work", which was paid at
20 cents per hour, or other forms of work such as hauling rock or plowing, that




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MNS, MOSES H, CONE
BLOWIUG ROCK Appendix J
MORIN CAiDLIaA

July wth 1939,

dr, a, 5, Demaray,
Dear Sirt

I feel like telling you that after golag over the latest
routa for a roud, I did say to ar Bromin, tist it geared to va the
best route chosen and till be prodebly the leaet expensive Lf that
is to be a considoratioal - Horaver, I wold 4ir, browning that I hope
thia lovely eatate will be left intney curing gy livetine - a fortune
hus been spent to once a charzins olece of what was wild mountain
country, and after ar, Cone's centh sanz years ovo, Y hrve continued
AS tell ga I could, alons che ilnes he indd out. = IT dia sy to ar,

Growing that Fr nould nyver give ay consent to thu rond going through

+3 place, I sa eighty one years old umi feel thet I want ny hone

place Tat to be disturher tile I hive, - I fech tits exslonation is
cue you.

I eo Very truly yours
+ ¥ .

Bertie ~. Gone ~ (irs, Hosea H.)



Mary Sparks 6/30/71
D-5 Benjamin Cone, Jr. married Elizabeth Darden Ward (called "Betty")
on August 26, 1967 in Winston Salem, N.C.
Children:
Benjamin, Ill 4/12/69
Samuel Martin 7/10/74
D6 Ceasar Cone, III married Elizabeth ("Betty") Hendrix 1966.
Children:
Walter 10/30/1966
Ashley Elizabeth June 1969
D-7 Martha Cone married John A. Richmond {b. 8/15/1931) NYC on
10/09/1965.
Children:
John Allen, Jr. 1/12/67
Katherine Kimball 8/23/68
Merritt Cone 6/24/71
Matthew Delano 5/5/74
D-8 Lawerence Martin Cone married Jennifer McNulty on January
13, 1976 soon separated.
D3 Helen Lichtendes married on 3/10/40 to Rudolph Gumpert ¢b.
12/11/01). Mr-Gumpert had a 6-yr. old son, Peter, when he married
Helen.
Children:
Susan 10/23/41 Bryn Mawr Yale '63
David Moses 4/1/44 (6'5" in '62}
£ariham '66,
D-10 Johanna Lichenfels married on 12/24/33 to Col. Rolland Schwartz
Abrahams (b. 8/1/04). Listed in "Who's Who of American Women".
Children:
Lawrence Michael 10/17/34 (Andover ‘52, Harvard
'96, Vanderbilt Med. Sch. '61)
dane Linda 5/6/38 Penn in 1960
Sanders Long 10/19/44 Cadet US Coast Guard
Academy
D-J1 Joseph Lichtenfels married on 6/22/41 to Josephine Palais (b.
9/29/15)
Children:
Frances M. 12/16/43 UNC-G in '65
Patricia Ann 5/8/47
D-12 Carolyn Lichtenfels married on 9/7/47 to George M. Green (b.
8/1/07).
Children:
Edna Agusta 6/14/50
Andrew 6/30/52 d. by '69
D-13 Robert Berney married Ethel Weber {b. 12/14/25) on 9/16/51.
Caves Road, Owings Millis, Md. 21117. L on Balto County Schoo!
Board 1970.


=ee@eue ue new we @rwew e228 = = =@ =

18

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS IN REVIEW
Address by Bernard M. Cone
at Cornerstone Laying Ceremonies of
The Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital
Greensboro, North Carolina, May 2, 1951

A little over e hundred years ago, in 1845, to be exact, there came to our
country from e small village in Germany, a lad of seventeen years. That lad
was my father, Herman Cone, and the story is that he brought with him just
forty cents which he invested in toys for his sister's children.

Nevertheless, he prospered and in the short space of eleven years had
established himself as a successful merchant in the town of Jonesboro, Tennessee,
where he had settled.

In 1856, he married a sweet and beautiful young girl of eighteen, Helen
Guggenheimer, of Gilmer's Mill near Natural Bridge, Virginia, and proceeded
to raise a femily, small perhaps for those days, of thirteen children, ten sons
and three daughters.

The first born of these children was one of the sons, and his parents being
as of yet unaware of their coming wealth in blessed events, he was named in
honor of his paternal and maternal grandfathers and given the name, Moses Ceasar
Cone.

Two years later when the second son arrived, Moses was shorn of half his
title and Moses and Ceasar Cone became two individuals. But, if ever two men
became as one, if ever there were two brothers, fulfiiling the ancient legend
of Damon and Pythias, these men were my two oldest brothers, Moses H. and
Ceasar Cone.

in 1870, my parents with the Tennessee half of their growing family moved
to Haltimore where my father established a wholesale grocery business, and as
each of the older sons reached the age of twenty-one, he was taken into the
firm which for many years, back in the seventies and eighties, was well known
and highly regarded throughout the South as the firm of H. Cone & Sons of
Balitmore, Maryland. The success of that firm was mainly due to the personal
efforts of these two older brothers who became its "drummers" as traveling
sulesmen of those days were called, and I know they always had a soft place
in their hearts for traveling salesmen. I remember hearing one of them say to
a hesitating apologetic salesman soliciting an order at one of our mills: "You
don't need to feel apologetic for asking me for an order. You do me us great
a favor selling me goods as I do you in buying them."

I believe that was my brother Ceasar, but my favorite story of those early
days is one about my brother Moses. One day I was accosted by an elderly man
who used to run @ crossroads country store in a small town in North Carolina.
"Tl never forget your Brother Moscs," he said. "I used to buy groceries from
him. But one time [ had a fire in my store and was burned out completely. A
few days later I got a letter, postmarked Balitmore, and with the name H. Cone
& Sons on the envelope." "Ah! Ah!", [ said. "There it is. They want their money."
1 opened the letter. It read like this: "Sorry to hear about your bad luck, When
you get straightened out let me know what goods you need and | will ship them.
Don't worry about the old account. You can pay when you are able. Signed:
Moses H. Cone."


aou@Ge aw me meee ow eww es Ss | ee

35

walking, and as an important resource for reflection and inspiration. Furthermore,
the forests have been protected and the overall character of the Estate has been
respected. With the exception of the orchards and extensive gardens which existed
prior to 1947, one could visit the Estate today and get an accurate picture of
how it looked while Moses and Bertha Cone lived.

The 2.3 mile section of rordway which was constructed through the Estate
is tasteful and beautiful. It represents a sensitivity to the original nature of
the land which we have come to expect from the Blue Ridge Parkway. ‘This section
of the Parkway makes the Estate and its history accessible to millions of visitors
annually. When local and seasonal residents identify "must see" lecations for
tourists, the Cone Estate is always near the top of the list.

Today the Estate abounds with native Rhododendrons, Mountain Laurel,
and wildflowers of many varieties. Native conifers and deciduous trees abound
and the original stonework around the Estate continues to remind one of the
commitment to quality and beauty which was a hallmark of Moses Cone and
the Estate. This ecological balance and harmony are a result of the continuing
stewardship of the National Park Service.

The Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild

In addition to preserving the biocultural traditions of the Estate, the National
Park Service has furthered an additional important objective of the Blue Ridge
Parkway. Here I speak of the splendid work of the Parkway in preserving the
cultural heritage of the Southern Highlands.

This preservation effort on the Estate is manifest in the active presence
of the Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild and the Parkway Craft Center, which
is located in the Manor House (Milepost 294). it was opened to the public on
dune 1, 1951, following an agreement between the National Park Service and
the Southern Highlands Handicraft Cuild. The agreement was initiated by Parkway
Superintendent 5am P. Weems as a way to preserve mountain artistry and fulfill
the wishes of Moses and Bertha Cone that the Estate be of lasting educational
value to mountain visitors.

Negotiations were successfully made to convert the spacious fifty-one
year old Manor House into a living museum of mountain culture. This initiative
would prove to serve a dual purpose. In return for the use of the Manor House
to display their crafts, the Southern Highlands Guild would provide for maintenance
on the Manor House. The Guild would become responsible for heating the house,
painting the exterior and interior, and miscellancous repairs. As indicated, this
would prove to be beneficial not only to the Guild but also to the National Park
Service because to maintain a Manor House of this size and complexity was an
enormous financial liability. The $10,000 annually allocated to the Cone Estate
under the indenture of 1911 would prove to be insufficent funding for the upkeep
of the 516 acre Estate.

The Craft Center is now operated scasonally May through October. As
a part of the Guild program, some of the finest artisans in the region demonstrating
their work so that visitors to the Center may better understand and appreciate
the genuine artistry of the mountain craftsmen. These demonstrations take
place on the porch of the Manor House, which has now been enclosed.

Four rooms on the main floor, along with the central hallways, offer 2,500
square feet of space for Guild members to display their work. In addition, three


meme@we nana wees ses @weweweexwt a2.» =s2@ =

Moses H. Cone Memorial Park Sign at Parkway Craft Center
1952

BLRI PKY
Negative # 672
Classification 4 728

ere Mr er ee



mee@=a ame mene @ wesw ees ws =@ =

8. Significance

Perlod Areas of Significance—Check and justify below

—-- Prehistoric __... archeology-prehistoric .. community planning x jandscape architecture x. religion

-— 1400-1499 archeatogy-historic X.. conservation - law _— science

—— 1500-1599 X_ agriculture .X_ economics -. . lilerature sculpture

—.- 1600-1699 _¥_. archilecture X.. education .-— Malitary -X social’

. — 1700-4799. art -. engineering — Music humanitarian

— - 1800-1899 “_ commerce - exploration’settlemem philosophy __— theater

-X 1900- _-_. communications x industry ..- politics:government ___ transporistion
---— Invention —— other {specity}

Specitic gates 1893 - 1947 Builderiarchitect

Statement cf Signiticance {in one paragraph}

The Moses H. Cone Estate's significance resides in its size, ownership,
and econamic, educational, and recreational contributions to the fabric of life
in and around the adjoining community of Blowing Rock. The 3,517 acres which
comprise the Estate were acquired by textile magnate Moses H. Cone and his
wife in a seven-year period from i893 to 1899. To this date, the Estate continues
to be one of the largest and best preserved in the Southern Ilighiends.

The agricultural and commerical significance of the Estate is reflected
in the fact that shortly after the turn of the century the Estate employed over
fifteen percent of the population of Blowing Rock. Moses Cone planted an epple
orchard of over 10,000 trees in an attempt to establish an alternative economy
for the mountain highlander who was dependent on subsistence agriculture. The
orchards produced over 51,000 bushels of apples and these were shipped through
the southeast.

‘The architectural significance of the Estate resides in the Manor House
which was built at the turn of the century. This neoclassic Victorian home was
the summer residence of Moses and Bertha Cone. The materials and furnishings
for the house and support buildings were transported by teams of oxen over
treacherous mountain roads from the railhead in Lenoir, over twenty miles to
the south. Materials came from as far away as California and household furnishing
from Europe and the Orient. The Manor House served as a summer retreat for
the many dignitaries and prominent friends of the Cones,

‘The significance of the Estate to the art world is found in Etta Cone, younger
sister of Moses. Together with her sister Dr. Claribel Cone, they assembled
one of the most extensive coliections of modern art in the worid. Included is
the world's foremost collection of Matisse paintings and sketches. Etta and
Claribel bequeathed this priceless collection to the Baltimore Museum of Art
and it became the heart of the expansive Cone Wing. Etta Cone spent many
summers on the Estate in Blowing Rock where she found tranquility and inspiration.
She helped teach in Sandy Flats School and was actively involved in efforts to
improve the lives of the children of the Estate.

Moses and Bertha Cone were “conservationists” and practiced landscape
architecture before the term and the sub-discipline became popular. They planted
a wide variety of trees and wildflowers. Moses imported sugar maples from
New Hampshire and planted white pine forests and hemlock hedges. He
constructed three beautiful lakes on the property and created a deer part to
protect the native decr population. The Cones were close friends of Gifford
Pinchot, the noted conservationist, and they made it clear to all the Estate
employees that no animals were to be shot. Even shooting a squirrel meant
dismissal from employment. ‘They displayed a remarkable concern for such
landscape features as gardens, orchards, woodlots, fields, ponds, pastures and


te .

The vol ume detatls the Intense and long-term

efforts for Moses Cone's sisters to collect a vast array of modern art and art

objects. This splendid publication, rich with detaits and generously

lilustrated, Is available fran the Bai timore Museum of Art for under thirty



NPS Foren 10-400-8 omy Yo, so24edula
on Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the interior
Natlonal Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Iinventory—Nomination Form

Continuation sheet Item umber 8

their interrelationships. The biotic cultural resources of the Estate are vitally
important to the community of Blowing Rock and the surrounding area.

Moses and Berthe Cone built Sandy Flats School on the Estate. They
employed an extra teacher and lengthened the school term. All children on the
Estate were required to attend school. Moses Cone served on the Watauga County
Board of Education and was on the original Board of Governors of what is naw
Appalachian State University. Bertha Cone often taught in Sandy Flats School.
After school consolidation, Bertha Cone deeded the school building to the Baptist
Church so that services could be held there.

auger mem eemewes @ ww ws wes = Se =


moa aes wee ew ewe@ewtwgswa ew as = 2@ =

21

RELATIONSHIP OF THE ESTATE TO THE COMMUNITY

Economic Impact and Societal Norms

The Cone Estate was a major force in the economic well being of the Blowing
Rock Community. The Estate employed and/or supported 30 families. This,
according to the census of 1900, means approximately 15-20% of Blowing Rock
Township was supported by the Estate. Since the majority of the workers lived
on the Estate, many benefits were provided in addition to their income.
In return, the Cones expected a behavior becoming the Estate loosely interpreted,
this meant following the norms of appropriate behavior in the community and
getting along with neighbors and the Cone family. Whether the Supervisors on
the Estate had a strong influence in shaping behavior is somewhat speculative
but interviews suggest that "management" personnel were loyal to Moses and
Bertha Cone and were likely to attempt to uphold their belicfs and norms.

According to the ledger book kept by J. D. Brown from December 1905
to December 1908, workers on the Estate were provided with the following:
a house and barn, both maintained by the Estate Carpenter, and up to an acre
for garden end pasture. There are several agreements to this effect in the back
of the ledger, signed by J. D. Brown. The housing arrangements were termed
“agreements”, the worker did not sign the agreement, and the only stipulation
agreed to by the worker was to allocate his spare time for work on the Estate.

In addition to free housing, the Estate provided many other benefits which
were benevolent for this period in history. These benefits included: the priviledge
of cutting and hauling wood fer personal usc from the Estate, for which they
paid a reduced price; the right to buy a cow from the Estate, sometimes on term
payments; both winter work for the permanent employces and summer work
for their children; occasional "company" purchases such as truck parts or dairy
products; and the opportunity for children of the Estate to attend Sandy Flats
School.

Bertha Cone took an interest in the young children of the Estate long after
her husband's death. Clyde Downs remembers that "Mrs. Cone put all us boys
to work when we was about 10-11 years old and we wasn't in school. It kept
us out of mischief, tearing up stuff and all. We made three cents an hour, 30
cents a day. FTirst, we went down to the Manor House and gouged out the
dandelions. She'd be looking and she'd hollar at us if we'd get to rastlin' around
and stuff." Girls were allowed to work when time came for apple harvest.

As the boys grew older, they carried water to the workers, kept up their
lunch, kept their tools in order. "Just one thing and another," Downs remembers.
"In the summer, we'd be dragging brush when they pruned. Got up then to a nickle
an hour after the first year or so." Downs says it was good work, a place where
if one man was out sick, the others pitched in and made up his time so he'd get
his hours, too.

“Mrs. Cone, she'd come along, if I was working, she'd come along and say,
'Oh, Downs, Good Morning.’ And she'd tell you what she wanted, or tell the
bossman how she wanted it done and that's the way it was done.”

“She was pretty nice. She didn't come around and growl at the men if what
they did didn’t suit her. She'd tell the boss.”

.

The Sandy Flats School was built by Cone workers, as the ledger indicates
through payments for sub-contracting. Although the reports vary, there is little
doubt that the Cones also spent extra money to both lengthen the school term,


Pursuant to authority vested in m by an Act of

Congrass, approved Juno 8, 1940, (54 Stat, 260), I have on

this 2/2? aay of PP Lercéy _, 194@, scanpted on behalf

of the UNITED STATES OF AYERICA the indenture dated the ait

day of Caner 1949, from THE MOSES RK. CONE MEMORTAL

TF .
ROSPITAL to tha UNITED STATES OF AVERTGA, subject to ell tho
terms and conditions of said indenture and subject also: to
the approval by the Attorney Gensral of the United States of

ths title te the lands thereby conveyed,

an OF AMERICA
By. t Le Tle oo

Beopetary of] the Waited States
partzent! of, Interier

)
sDISTRICT OF COLUMBIA } ae:

on this 2/4% day of (sce cf » 1949, before
me personally came 4. Mire g , the Secretary
t

5
of the United States Departmant of the’ Interior, known to be
the individual described in and who exacuted the foregoing

instrument and to me know to be the Secratary of the Dspart-

ment of thy Interior, and seid 4. fa Ks 4.
v 7
soknowledged that he executed the foregoing instrument for and

on behalf of the United States of aAmerice.

ovary Public

My Cormission expires





a

Cone Estate, Bass Lake
A) Boathouse

B) Spillway

C) Dam

July 13,1947

BLRI PKY

Negative # 9488 (894E)
Classification # 728



=au@eewrmwenwaee @aeeww@es2 2 =@ =

NOTES - CONT.

interview with Ted Pease.

6 Board of Education, Watauga County, Book I, July 4,

273.D. Brown Ledger Book.

28 inid., Board of Education.

29 nid., Downs.

34a, Board of Education.

3linia., Downs.
32 Board of Education, Watauga County, Book II, 1927.

interview with Lloyd Coffey.
34

Binia.

eipia,
3 pia, Cone.

38 pia,

1904,

Sandy Flats Missionary Baptist Church "Roll and Record Book.”


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Burial Lot at Cone Estate
September, 1948

BLRI PKY

Negative # 7563 (935DE)
Classification # 728

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Out Buildings
Belonging to "EE”

BLRI PKY

Original Negative Lost.
Phato # 8-214



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Tenant Home Buiit By Moses Cone
Former Residents: John Teague, Jim Simmons, Walter Holiars,
Arlie Hollars, Albert Dotson, and Joe

Auton
Labeled on Map as "C”
BLRI PKY
Negative # MC26

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= =G= =

=emeQur usu mw wewaee @ ws 2s 2s = =

Glass (b, 8/6/1914) and had a daughter, "Candy" (Candace Witchell
b. 11/13/49}

Children:
(Jaimie Carroll)
Knox Glass III 5/19/1936 (adopted 2/20/73)
Alen Frank 3/13/1939
Cc-10 Edward Toner Cone, bachelor Princeton Professor of Music

18 College Road, W. 08540

C-12 Harold Cone, Pianist, married Madeleine Caraboan, April 25,
1944, Musician
Children:
John Oliver 7/8/1945 (Dead)
Claribell It 9/1/1947
C-13 Isabel Cone married Sam Malcolm Levy of Cincinnati (4d. 1901)
on April 23, 1929
Children:
Susan 2/2/1935
C-14 Clarence N. Cone, Jr. (textiles) married Elizabeth Gaither
(b. 8/22/1913) on July 28, 1933
Children:
Nancy 10/30/1937
Barbara 12/6/1943

Generation D

D1 Herman Cone, Jr. married Barbara Sternberger (b. 7/19/1928).
10/28/48. Textiles, Greensboro, N.C.
Children:
Herman, III 11/25/1949
Robert Clarence 2/13/1952
Thomas Edward 6/24/1954

D-2 Alan Wolf Cone married Emily Bandy (b. 4/17/1927) on 12/31/1953.
Garment Mfg. Divorced; married Selly Smithwick May 1976.
She has two daughters.

Children:
Elaine 3/13/1955
Alan, Jr. 1/23/1956
Stephen Bundy 9/8/1958
Louis Williams 3/5/1960
D-3 Jeanette Cone married Stanley Kimmel, in N.Y.C., 340 E. 57
10022 Ph, 758-0095
D-4 Anne Wortham Cone married Richard Alan (Buddy) Birgel on June
14, 1960
Children:
Coleman Cone (girl) 5/5/1961
Anne Harrington 4/16/1963
Richard Alan, Jr. 4/6/1964
Stephen Benjamin 1/5/1967


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Servants’ Quarters Built By Moses Cone

Former Residents: Lb. Hartley, Henry Henderson, and Amos
Triplett

{abeled on Map. as "0"

SLRI PKY

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23

Sandy Flats School and Church

Sandy Flats Missionary Baptist Church was constituted February 12, 1928.
Prior to that date, the building had been Sandy Flats School. As noted previously,
the school was built by Moses and Bertha Cone. Much of the membership of
the Sandy Flats Church came from the Cone Estate. For this reason, the history
of the Chureh, particularly from 1928 to 1948, is heavily flavored with the
influence of the Cone Estate.

Moses Cone's active interest in Blowing Rock community, and the fact
that his wife, Bertha, was e former school teacher, led to the establishment
of Sandy Flats School. Attendance at the school was mandatory for the children
of families who lived on the Estate. Both of the Cones felt that enhancing
educational opportunity for the mountain people was es important as discovering
viable economic opportunities. They knew that ultimately, the two are inseparable,

The Watauga County Board of Education agreed to provide $200 for a public
school at Sandy Flats in 1904. This funding was provisional; reguiring the people
to raise $100 and Moses Cone to contribute $700 and the lot. A ledger kept
by J.D. Brown lists the names of 13 men who paid either Moses Cone or the teacher
amounts ranging from $.50 to $10.00 on April 9, 1906. On January 8, 1907, Moses
Cone presented a voucher for $300 to the Board of Education, Subsequent
payments suggest that Moses Cone ultimately financed the entire cost of the
school.

The facilities at the school were better than the typical one-room school
house. There were seventy-three such gqhools in Watauga County in 1907 with
a disbursement of $1.10 for each student. Sandy Flats Schoo] had two classrooms
and an assembly room. The desks had steel legs which were bolted to the fleor,
with individual ink wells. This was unlike the long wooden tables of other schools.
Books were given to the school by the Cones and Mrs. Cone was quite active
in her visits to the school and her gifts to the children. Additionally, as mentioned
previously, the Cones extended the school term and hired an extra teacher.
When the regular term was four months {until 1912), the Cones paid the teachers
to teach for an additions! two months. When the county extended, the school
term to six months, the Cones extended Sandy Flats to eight months.”” Teacher
pay in 1907 was listed at $25.00 a month so the Cones expended $200 to $250
a year for extra teachers cy help provide a better education for the children
of the workers on the Estate.

Although Bertha Cone was actively involved in the school's activities, she
rarely involved herself with the Sandy Flats Church. The Cones encouraged
people to attend church but did not try to dictate church policy. {t is said that
Mrs. Cone wanted to attend church, to hear the children sing but her actual
attendance has not been documented.

Sandy Flats School flourished with around thirty to forty students until
the Blowing Rock District was consolidated in 1927, The minutes of the Board
of Education indicate that the Sandy Flats District may have opposed consolidation,
perhaps, pecause of the convenient location and superior facilities at the Cone
School.

After school consolidated in 1927, several peopie began mecting in the
Sandy Flats School each Sunday for church services. The closest churches to
Sandy Flats at the time were in Blowing Rock, over two miles away, und at Cool
Springs; four miles distance. Ed Robbins was the first Pastor and apparently


Cone Park - Flat Top Manor House
Date Unknown

Labelled on Map as "AA"

Building # 359

BLRI PKY

Negative # 5181 (894A)
Classification # 728



Ce ee

Observation Tower (Flat Top Mountain)
Mr. Ben Cone in white Suit

Date Unknown

BLRI PKY

Negative # 5183 (894D)
Classification # 728



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about red. And she'd buy them from us and pay more than they would in Blowing
Rock. She'd have jams and jellies made out of them." In the fall, she'd buy
chestnuts from the children who lived on the Estate. "You'd get out there in
the fall and it didn't take you long to pick up a gallon of chestnuts. I'd pick up
enough to buy me some overalls. You could get the best grade overalls then
for 40-45 cents."

Mrs. Cone was very particular about what people did on the Estate, Outsiders
were welcome to come and walk or ride horses along the carriage trails. Many
people would visit to walk around Bass Lake, but Mrs. Cone insisted that they
stay on the roads. She shared the same respect for the natural habitat that was
@ hallmark of Moses Cone's life.

Bertha Cone lived in Baltimore during the winter and returned to the Cone
Estate in the spring. She typically stayed at the Estate until October. Her two
younger sisters lived with her in the Manor House. Sophie Lindau was a year
younger than Bertha and Clementine was the youngest. Sophie was bright and
beautiful and stayed socially active. She would often share rides around the
Estate with Bertha in the carriage. The workers enjoyed talking to her and she
always seemed to be pleasant. Clementine was very different from her sisters.
She seldom spoke to anyone and was somewhat of a recluse. She was an avid
birdwatcher. A nephew of Mrs. Cone's, Norman Lindau, visited the Estate with
his family quite often.

In the winter, one of the tenant workers moved into the Manor House to
keep the furnaces going. Even though Mrs. Cone wasn't there, the workers
continued to do their jobs under the watchful eyes of several supervisors. The
workers were paid year-round. Mrs. Cone sent Christmas presents for each of
the tenant families. it was an especially joyous treat for the children.

There were only two occasions when changes were made in the way in which
the Estate was operated. During the depression, the work week was reduced
to 40 hours by Mrs. Cone but she did not let any of her workers go. In the early
40's, many of the men went off to war, Lacking enough help to keep the dairy
going, she decided to sell the cows and close the dairy.

In 1946 Clementine Lindau died. She had suffered from a mental illness
during the latter stages of her life and had te be accompanied by a nurse at all
times. She was buried near Moses Cone's gravesite on Flat Top Mountain. Her
tombstone reads: "Clementine Lindau — Beloved Sister of Mrs. Moses H. Cone."

The following yeer (1947), at the age of 89, Mrs. Conc died of heart trouble.
An additional plaque was mounted on Moses Cone's monument reading: “Bertha
Lindau Cone--Born April 1, 1858-Died June 8, 1947." Sophie Lindau died the
following year and is also buried on Flat Top Mountain.

When Bertha Cone died, she left many of her belongings to the tenant
families who lived on the Estate. Some received furnishings from the Manor
Nouse and some received generous bequests of money. Bertha Cone provided
in an indenture of 1911 that upon her death, at least $10,000 annually be spent
on the Estate to maintain it as a park for the public to enjoy. She put the title
of the land in the name of the Moses HI. Cone Memorial Hospital. Her indenture
also provided that $250 annually be given to Appalachian State Univesity. Three
years after her death, in 1950, the land was dceded to the State of North Carolina
in order that the Blue Ridge Parkway, a division of the National Park Service,
could manage it. When the National Park Service obtained the Estate, it was


Tenant Home Built By Moses Cone
Farmer Residents: Larkin Hartley, W.C. Downs, ivan Moody,
Luther West, and Howard Parker

Labeled on Map as "FF"
BLRI PKY
Negative # MC5



MEET One es Se sananncneo mah

Tanner suitable to the wishme of the friends and relatives
of the late Moses H. and Bertha L. Cone, and shall perpetually”
keop in repair tbe coping and retiing around the graves of
Moses H. and Bertha L. Cone, and shall kaep the lawn of the
said burial ground set in grass end properly trimmed.

3, The UNITED STATES OF AMERICA shall, at its om
expense, kesp open and maintain reads, ways, and drives upon
the safd lands suitable to provides reasonable and adequate
access by the public to said lands for use ss a park and ples—
gure grounc, and shall, at ite om expense, forsver Keep open
and maintain a totel wlleage of usable roada, ways, and drives
upon the said estate not lesa in amount than the total mileage
of usable roads, ways, and drives upon said estate at the time
of this conveyance.

4. Ths UNITED STATES OF AMERICA shall expend e sum
of net less than Ten Thousand Dollars. ($10,000.00) each year.
Yr asintaintng the said property, including tha burlel ground,
voads, drives, and thn public parks, the lakes, dans, ond other
attributes of tha said satate and lands, THE MOSES H, GONE
WEMORIAL HOSPITAL hereby agrees to, and will, donate to the
Wational Park Service a sum of not less than Ten Thousand Dol-
ars ($20,000.00) on or before July 1st of sach yoar for ex-
ponditure during the fiscal year beginning on that date (the
firat such donation to be due on or before the lst day of July
next avocaeding the affective date of this indenture for expen-
diture during the ensuing fiscal year), which pum ts to be ear-
marked and expended exclusively for maintenance or construction
on the property hereby conveyed; but this agreamant shall con-
stitute a contractual obligation only of THE MOSES H. CONE 1
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, ané any failure on the part of THE MOSES H.
CONE WEHORJAL HOSPITAL ' furnish the sum so required, tn any
ons year or years, shall not relieve the UNITED STATES OF ANERICA



ili
}

IREFOUNDER 4

4 MOSES H.CONE

1857 - 1908



9. Major Bibliographical References

See attached.

10. Geographical Data
Acreage of nominated property —3,517

Quadrangle name Quadrangle scale

UTM Reterances

AL J LLites) tititis) *L

Zone = Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing
eli} Lhiter Lititlirs Oli} Lisdia | Litlitist
eL,Ji} Jy.) tiatirtiy) FLi J LhLites) Letliti: J
GLiJbListiy) Lclitict 4Lij | t raa| {I 1

Verbal boundary description and justification

|
|
|

Liat alt states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries

state code county _ code

state code county code

11. Form Prepared By

namesitle — a -—_—_—_-—_-
organization a eee date

strent & number —_ telephone

city of town state

12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification

The evaluated significance of this property within the state is:

—— national —..- slate -— focal

At the designated State Historic Preservation Officer tor ihe National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Pubsic Law &9—
665), I hacaby nominate this property for Inclusion in the National Register and certify that it hag been evaluated
according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service.

a a ee)

State Historic Preservation Officer signature

ate date
For WB use only
{ hereby coriity that thia property Ia inctuded In the Nations! Register
date
Keeper of the Netlona! Register
Atleast: ante
Chief of Regiatration —



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Cone Manor House from across Bass Lake
Date Unknown

BLRI PKY

Negative # 9533 (932CM)

Classification # 728



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Interviews

Brown, Wade E. Boone, N.C. 8/27/86. This lengthy interview was focused
primarily on the educational contributions of Moses Cone and the work
of Mr. Brown's father on the Estate.

Coffey, Lloyd. Blowing Rock, N.C. 6/6/75. Contains information on his life
and work on the Estate.

Coffey, Omar. Blowing Rock, N.C. 6/24/75, Contains information on his life
on the Estate.

Cone, Ceasar, 1. Greensboro, N.C. 7/28/86. An analysis of the lives of Moses
and Ceasar Cone. A far ranging discussion of the professional life of Moses
and the establishment of Cone Textile Mills.

Cone, Sydney. Greensboro, N.C. 3/17/87. A lengthy discussion of Moses Cone's
health, business pressure of influencing his physical well being, and
circumstances surrounding his death.

Downs, Clyde. Boone, N.C. 4/8/77 and 10/8/86. Contains information about
his life and his parents’ life on the Estate. Mr. Downs also identified
photographs of structures on the Cone Estate that later were removed
by the Nation#l Park Service.

Gray, Robert. Asheville, N-C. 10/8/86. Telephone interview which contained
historical information about the Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild and
the Guild's occupancy in the Cone Manor House.

Hollars, Carl. Blowing Rock, N.C. 5/29/75. Contains information about his
life and his parents’ life on the Estate,

Isenhour, Charlie. Blowing Rock, N.C. 5/29/75. Contains information about
his life and his parents' life on the Estate.

Jones, Marvin. Boone, N.C. 4/4/78. Contains information about his life and
his parents' life on the Estate.

Mays, Fred. Blowing Rock, N.C. 7/17/86. Contains information about his life
and his parents’ life on the Estate.

Pease, Ted. Boone, N.C. 8/7/75 and 8/5/80, Contains information about the
Cone Estate that he has gathered through his employment on the Estate
and later with the National Park Service.

Steele, J.C. Blowing Rock, N.C. 6/12/75. Contains information about his work
and life on the Estate,

Walters, Ruby Moody. Blowing Rock, N.C. 6/5/75. Contains information about
her iife and her parents’ life on the Estate,

PUBLISHED DOCUMENTS
BOOKS

Crandell, Maribeth. Moses H. Cone: His Family, His Fortune and His Life,


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InLerviews

Brown, Wade &, Boone, N.C. 8/27/86. This lengthy interview was focused
primarily on the educational contributions of Moses Cone and the work
of Mr. Brown's father on the Estate.

Coffey, Lloyd. Blowing Rock, N.C. 6/6/75. Contains information on his life
and work on the Estate.

Coffey, Omar. Blowing Rock, N.C. 6/24/75. Contains information on his life
on the Estate.

(one, Ceasar, I. Greensboro, N.C. 7/28/86. An analysis of the lives of Moses
und Ceasar Cone. A far ranging discussion of the professional life of Moses
and the establishment of Cone Textile Mills.

Cone, Sydney. Greensboro, N.C. 3/17/87. A lengthy discussion of Moses Cone’s
health, business pressure of influencing his physical well being, and
circumstances surrecunding his death.

Downs, Clyde. Roone, N.C. 4/8/77 and 10/8/86. Contains information ubott
his life and his parents' life on the Estate. Mr. Downs also identified
photographs of structures on the Cone Estate that Jater were removed
by the National Park Service.

Gray, Robert. Asheville, N.C. 10/8/86. Telephone interview which contrined
historical information about the Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild and
the Guild's occupancy in the Cone Manor House.

Hollars, Carl. Blowing Rock, N.C. 5/29/75. Contains information about his
life and his parents’ life on the Estate.

Isenhour, Charlie. Blowing Rock, N.C. 5/29/75. Contains information sbout
his life and bis parents' life on the Estate.

Jones, Marvin. Boone, N.C. 4/4/78. Contains information about his life and
his parents’ life on the Estate.

Vins. Fred. Blowing Rock, N.C. 7/17/86. Contains information about his life
‘nd his purents! life on the Estate,

Pease, ‘Ted. Boone, N.C. 8/7/75 and 8/5/80. Contains information about the
Cone Fstale that he has gathered through his employment on the Estate
and later with the National Park Service.

Steele, J.C. Blowing Rock, N.C. 6/12/75. Contains information about his work
and life on the Estate.

Walters, Ruby Moody. Blowing Rock, N.C. 6/8/75. Contains information about
her life aid her parents’ life on the Estate,

tb DOC

Crandell, Maribeth. Moses I. Cone: lis Family, Mis Fortune and lis Life.



'

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Outhouse
Belonging to “DD”
BLRT PKY
Negative # MC4&



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HISTORIC STRUCTURE. REPORT
NOSES H. CONE ESTATE
BLOWING ROCK, NORTH CARCLINA

BY
BarRBARA J. GILBERT

DRAWINGS BY
ERIC COOK SWANSON

APRIL 1987


While it is often difficult to make sweeping statements about the basic
nature of individuals, previous tenants of the Estate suggest that the Cones were
kind and generous people. Theirs was a conservative life style void of much
of the ostentatiousness of the period. One can even go further to suggest that
they relished their privacy and guarded it carefully. They treated their employees
fairly and were kind to their neighbors. Their kindness was tempered, however,
by their larger commitment to the well being of the community. Anything which
threatened or disrupted community norms prompted a strong reaction from the
Cone family. Such was their reaction to the Colt family. Mr. Colt (of Colt
revolvers), who was leasing some land on the west side of Trout Lake. Mr. Colt
had built a still on the spring that fed the lake. His property was the site of
many wild parties. In fact, one of Mr. Colt's own sons was shot in the head during
one of these parties. Moses Cone insisted that the Colts relocate and they
acquiesced. This incident is representative of the seriousness with which Moses
and Bertha Cone regarded their responsibility to the community.

Moses Cone died at the untimely age of 51. He was buried in a plot of
his own choosing on top of Flat Top Mountain, two and a quarter miles from
the Manor House. A monument was hauled by oxen and serves as his tombstone.
On the back of the monument there is a fine tribute to Moses, his accomplishments,
what he did for the community and for the South. The inscription on the monument
was taken from an editorial published on December 10, 1908, by the late Joseph
P. Caldwell, editor of the Charlotte Observer and a close friend of Mr. Cone.
It was with Mr. Caldwell that Moses had exchanged confidences and imparted
his ambitions and hopes about the mountain estate he was developing.

Moses Cone's gravesite is surrounded by a circle of fir trees and overlooks
the rolling hills of the Estate, nearby Blowing Rock and the Blue Ridge Parkway.
Ted Pease indicated, and newspaper stories confirm, that after Moses Cone had
been buried about fifteen years his grave was vandalized. The vandals wrenched
off one support brace from the bronze fence around the grave. They apparently
used that to break into the coffin. Arthur Moody, an employee on the Estate,
said that he went to the gravesite and discovered the open coffin. "I rearranged
the bones and covered it over." Mrs. Cone was visibly shaken by the event and
instructed Moody to fix the gravesite so that the coffin could not be broken into
again. "I got several teams of horses and hauled the largest flat stones I could.
After the area around the casket had been filled-in, I covered a great large area
over the casket, then poured concrete on the top of that. Then I put soil back
over it. I reseeded it and didn't mark the exact spot of the grave."

Bertha Cone outlived her husband by 39 years and for the rest of her life
she was a widow in mourning. Under her management the Estate continued to
run smoothly and efficiently as it had. She took care to keep it exactly the way
Moses had left it. The dream for the Estate, however, was never to be fully
realized. After Moses' death, Bertha Cone did not have the inclination to continue
with its economic development.

One of the men who worked around the house described Mrs. Cone as a
very bright woman. "She was very nice and she knew a lot about farming. She'd
talk to you about that. She talked to you about cattle. She was highly respected."

Clyde Downs, who was five years old when his family moved onte the Estate,
remembers Bertha Cone. The year was 1909, one year after Moses Cone's death.
"She was a lean and attractive woman who dressed in black and always wore
a hat. She'd let us younguns pick strawberries. All those fields would be just


NPS Form (DDS OMS No. 1924-0015
oan fepired 10-31-87

United Statea Department of the Interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Inventory—Nomination Form

Continuation sheet {tem number 7

A large, two-story frame house with attic, full basement, & porch
which extends around three-quarters of the first and second Moors,
and ea small widow's walk upstairs. The foundation is stucco over stone
and brick, One section of the front porch was enclosed with glass panels
by Bertha Cone to form a sun porch,

When the National Park Service assumed ownership of the Estate
in 1951, the wooden shake shingles on the roof were replaced with flat
seam and cedar shingles because of leaks which had developed in the
original roof.

The first floor of the Manor House consists of a large foyer, music
room, billard room, office, dining room, butler's pantry, pantry, kitchen,
sun porch, and store room. There are six fireplaces on the first floor.

The second floor consists of two large bedrooms a sitting room,
and four smailer bedrooms. There are four full bathrooms and five
fireplaces on the second floor.

‘The basement contains a meat room and a wine room. There
are two large hot air furnaces which originally burned wood but were
later converted to oil,

The attic contains six rooms and one bath. These rooms were
designed to accomodate female servants.

The interior walls of the first and second floor have painted
wainscoating and painted, febric-covered plaster walls. The wails and
ceilings of the attic are tongue-and-grove boards finished in varnish.
The floors are maple throughout. None of the Cone furnishings remain
in the house,

The Manor House is on its original site. In 1986 the National Park
Service completed foundation modifications on the rear porch of the
house.

2. Male Servants Quarters (Longitude: 81° 41' 28" Latitude: 36° 09' 01")
This five room structure includes a4 living room, two bedrooms,
dining room, kitchen, and bath. Both the dining room and living room
have a fireplace.

The structure was built in 1912. The roof is asphalt shingle, the
siding is clapboard, and the foundation is concrete block.

In the early 1950's, this structure was moved from its original
location behind the Manor House to an area approximately one-eighth
of a mile to the northeast. This move was made in order to accomodate
a parking lot for visitors from the Blue Ridge Parkway.

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— _

MOSES H. CONE MEMORIAL PARK
ORCHARDS AND LANDSCAPE FEATURES

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Gerage Below Sandy Flats
Church--on U.S. 221

BLRI PKY

No Original Negative
Phato # B-191



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17

observatory when a grand display of lightning and reverberating thunder made
a scene never to be forgotten. The drive up to Hich Mountain goes along by
the springs and streams and about the sheepfold where many beautiful Shropshire
sheep graze and give quiet beauty to the landscape. On the drive to Flat Top,
you pass through gardens of vegetables (cabbages are at their best) and flower
gardens of acres of hydrangeas, azaleas, gladioli, double larkspur of many colors,
dehlias in profusion and every flower indigenous to the mountains and to either
Mountian, between borders of ferns and flowers, with magnificent trees, and
& million rhododendron of ull colors and sizes and shades. When in bloom the
very mountains are aflame with color and glory.

Mr. Cone died early — soon after he had completed his home and laid off
his 3,500 acre estate. He lived to see the work and to pronounce it "good," and
died at the comparatively young age of 50. But he achieved far more than most
successful men of threescore and ten. His jast days were brightened by concerning
and carrying out his plans for the beautification of his Watauga Estate. It is
& memorial that will outlast his business structures, enduring as they are, and
will give happiness to this and future generations. His other enduring monument
will be the Moses H. Cone Hospital to be erected at Greensboro and for which
provision was made by him while in the flesh. Mrs. Cone shares ali her husband's
dreams of beauty and philanthropy and will see that what he envisioned of beauty
and benevolence will come into the possession of the people of North Carolina,
his adopted state which was the abject of his love and pride, particularly Watauga
County where he loved to work and play, and Greensboro where he was a great
captain of industry and built giant industrial plants.

When the end came, Mr. Cone had the consciousness that he had achieved.
In early life he had bent every energy toward the success which crowned his
life. Later he achieved his dream of beauty in the great Moses H. Cone Estate.
He made provision for the hospitalization of people in the city of his business
residence. He planned that the beautiful Estate should be enjoyed by the many
who were to come after him. And then he saw the sands of life bringing him
near the sunset of life, he confided ta his wife that he wished to be buried on
the spot 4,500 feet above sea level, on the meadows near Flat Top, the serene
beauty of which had caused him to buy that mountain and the lunds between
the heights and his home facing the lake he had constructed and orchards he
had planted. It is an ideal sepulchre for one whose soul was lifted up to the
mountains, whose loftiness gave him vision to see the practical. As I stood by
the modest granite over his grave, my mind recailed the lines abou the burial
place of the great law giver:

"By Nebo's Ionely mountain,
On this side Jordan's wave,
In a vale in the land of Moab,
There lies a lonely grave."


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12

Etta and Claribel Cone and the Baltimore Museum of Art

Moses Cone had nine brothers and three sisters. His siblings were very
loyal to Moses and held him in high regard. While his accomplishments in creating
@ textile empire brought him wealth and national acclaim, two of his younger
sisters also established the Cone name as preemminent in another field of
endeavor. Here I speak of Claribel and Etta Cone and their love of modern art.

Claribel and Etta Cone, younger sisters of Moses, were devoted to their
older brother. Etta often spent summers with Moses and Bertha on the Blowing
Rock Estate. In 1906 Moses, Bertha, Etta and Claribel Cone took @ trip around
the world together. Meeting in Italy, the four would travel from the fall of 1906
until the spring of 1907, visiting Egypt, India, Turkey, Japan, and China. The
journel of Etta Cone expreses delight at the exotic peoples they encountered,
describing their activities, and hinting at the stresses of traveling in such familial
proximity. Claribel kept, gnotes of her shopping successes and of historical or
sociological observations.

Herman Cone left a modest inheritance for his wife and for each son and
daughter upon his death in 1897. The elder Cone brothers gave their shares to
their two unmarried sisters, each of whom thus had a@ private annual income
of about $2,400 (equivalent to approximately 330,000 in today's dollars, a
substantial personal annuity at the turn of the century). It was this income which
provided the opportunity for the sisters to become involved in art collecting.

When Dr. Claribel Cone died in 1929, she left her personal art collection
to her younger sister, Miss Etta Cone, with the suggestion “that in the event
the spirit of appreciation for modern art in Baltimore becomes improved," the
combined collections of Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta be donated to The Baltimore
Museum of Art. In 1949, when Etta died, her will revealed that she had indeed
bequeathed the enormous and very distinguished Cone Collection to Baltimore's
Museum. Today The Cone Collection is widely acclaimed as the keystone of
The Baltimore Museum's permanent collections.

The Cone Collection features incomparable holdings of work by Henri Matisse
and major examples of Picasso, Cezanne, Gauguin, van Gogh, Renoir, and other
masters of early twentieth-century French art. The masterpieces of The Cone
Collection are known internationally. However, the Collection includes altogether
approximately 3,000 objects acquired by the sisters between 1901 and 1949
including important works by American artists, hundreds of prints and drawings,
illustrated books, a large group of textiles {ranging from Coptic fragments to
Middie Eastern silks), eighteenth and nineteenth century jewelry, furniture and
other decorative arts, Oriental rugs, objects of African art and adornment,
Japanese prints, and antique ivories and bronzes. The Cone bequest also included
the Cone sisters’ archives {including correspondence, miscellaneous personal
papers, newspaper clippings, and surviving diaries and account books) and their
personal library numbering 1,250 volumes. The Cone Collection thus represents
not only one of the most extraordinary art holdings in any museum in the world,
but also constitutes 2 unique resource for students and scholars of modern art
and culture,

Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta Cone together formed one of ‘the world's
preeminent collections of modern art at a time when modern art was not widely
collected, and when there were few patrons of the avant-garde.


CT ee

were purified. Interestingly, this was the first "Grade A" dairy in Watauga County.
Lloyd Coffee remembers that after Mr. Cone's death, he would can "many quarts
of cream and pounds of butter," package them in a chest filled with ice, and
send them to Baltimore for Mrs. Cone to enjoy throughout the winter.

Consistent with Moses' goal of self-sufficiency, sheep, hogs, and chickens
were raised on the Estate. A sheep was killed about every 10 days. Ruby Walters
noted that after Mr. Cone's death, Bertha Cone sold the lambs and had the yewes
sheared for wool.

Once construction of the Manor House was complete, Moses Cone supervised
the construction of a Carriage House where they kept a "fast trotting horse"
and "regular horses" to pull the surrey. There was a large collection of impressive
harnesses that added a touch of class to the stable walls. Mrs. Cone was especially
proud of her beautiful surrey. Advanced for its day, it was black with brass accents
and rubber tires. She required that it be polished at all times and kept ready
for her frequent carriage rides around the Estate.

The blacksmith was an important employee of the Estate. In addition to
being responsible for the care of the horses, he attended to the management
of the carbide plant which provided the house with gas for lighting. Water dripping
on carbide produced the gas. He was also responsible for filling the water tank
each week. The gas was piped into the house, according to Ted Pease, to small
Y-shaped porcelain burners which were operated by a valve. The use of gas was
but one of the many distinguishing characteristics of the Manor House. While
such luxuries as gas and refrigeration were commonplace in New England and
such Southern cities as Charleston and Savannah, they were indeed unusual for
a home in the Blue Ridge Mountains.

The Carbide Plant, Laundry, and Ice House were all in the same building,
located just behind the Manor House. The ice for the Ice Hose was cut off Bass
Lake in Winter and stored in big wooden iceboxes. The ice for refrigeration
was cut at Bass Lake and Trout Lake in the winter and stored in ice houses located
at the respective lakes. Later it was transferred to the Main Ice House behind
the Manor where it was packed down with a layer of sawdust and stored in big
wooden iceboxes.

A large vegetable garden containing such vegetables as corn, green beans,
peas, squash, tomatoes, and potatoes, was situated behind the Ice House, separated
from the Manor by a row of rhododendron and some evergreens.

Inside the Manor House, in "the room that opened out of the kitchen and
then onto the back porch," describes Ted Pease, "was the heart of the phone
system. There was a line to the apple barns, the spray sheds, the blacksmith
shop, the foremen's houses and a connection to the servants' quarters. The phones
were the old crank-type wall telephones." Ruby Walters remembers, "the telephone
was set up within the Cone Estate only. This is something I've never heard of
before. I had a friend who thought he could call into our house in spite of the
fact that I told him it was a private phone. He couldn't understand that because
it was so unusual."

A plentiful supply of water was essential to the growth and well-being
of the Estate. It was supplied by three large wooden tanks. The tanks were
made of California redwood and located on a hill northwest of the Manor House.
The system worked through the use of gravity. A spring house stood at the foot
of Flat Top Mountain where the butter and milk for Estate use was kept. This


3.2. Brown's
Crew

Work at
Big lake
ina Crchard

=am@unwreameaenta © =

APPENDIX G

a
SELOYNaT STaTISTICS TOTALS vt
SEASO? TOTAL =—- TOTAL TOTAL XC. RATS AV. HOUAS
HOURS FAYROLL BkYLCYd:S sh HOUR FER EMFLOYSe2
hin ter j2.4 $80.78 15.6 9,942 52.1
spring 1581.81 $120.02 20 2.58¢ 79,4
! i
Summer 1169.2 390.64 18.4 ‘9 76¢ 63.5
Rall 1774.6 | 76,03. 1244 ‘9.81¢ 62.5
i H :
otal 4084.3 1 $91.88 {| 16,6 8,47¢ 65.3
i
i i
Winter  1423,8 | 842,18 8.5 9.952 49.8 _
spring [1549.0 | $131.39 |; 19.6 A, 4Be 79.0
i
' |
Summer 4245.2 :§ 3416.96 tA 2 fig 76.9 _
al) 551.5 253.71 13,0... QTd. | 4
. i ' '
Fotat  losa.ee 1 $96.06 i 14.2 1 9,244 6547



2 Py

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FLAT TOP ORCHARD
Seale yrds


=axaneQ@ea wee wesw es @ewwesw es 2 = ee =

Tenant Home auilt By Moses Cone
Kelly Green, A.C. Shumate, Joe Auton,
Charlie Brown, Jess Walker, Ralph Andrew,

Farmer Residents:

Labeled on Map as
BLRI PKY
Negative # MCI?

Juke Hollars, A.C. Moody, Earnest West,
John Coffey, Dick Hollars, and Mark
West

Mpapt!



ae m@uwureiwwsw ew @wwzwww2 w= = =@ =

22

and to hire an extra teacher. Members of the Cone family are also reported
to have taught at the school, most assuredly without compensation. In letters
written by Etta Cone, she speaks of her experiences in working with students
at the school. There are additional incidents of Cone benevolence in the field
of education, such as assisting in the founding of Watauga Academy by the
Dougherty brothers.

For all the benefits provided to workers by the Estate, very little was asked
in return. A fair days work for a days wage and personal behavior which would
not reflect adversely on the Estate were the two main requirements. As mentioned
previously in this report, Moses and Bertha Cone were not hesitant to assume
the position of maintaining the moral stendards of proper society in the South
at this time,

An incident concerning the Colt firearms family which leased a residence
bordering the Cone Estate, is illuminating. This incident is substantiated by
several former employees of the Estate. Most sources agree that the Colts held
different mores from the Cones, often demonstrating them in a disrupting fashion.
This would take the form of "wild parties." Agreed upon also is the fact that
a Colt child died mysteriously in the house, perhaps in connection with a party.
Moses Cone is reported te have brought pressure to bear on the Colts, forcing
them to leave the community.

Other incidents in which the Cones dealt with deviations from established
norms are at best sketchy. A spite wall was built by Mrs. Cone, supposedly because
of a disagreement with Mrs. Synder, who owned the Chetole Estate. A family
by the name of Baldwin, who lived below the China Orchard, reportedly did not
get slong with the Cones. There were occasional unwelcome incursions on the
Estate and a night watchman was placed near Bass Lake to keep out night
fishermen. Overall, however, Moses and Bertha Cone were model neighbors
and leading citizens. Their interest in native highlanders extended beyond the
employees of the Fstate. Theirs was a commitment to improving the quality
of life in Watauga County. It was the same benevolence which was a hallmark
in the relations between the Cones and employees of the Cone textile empire.

Perhaps the most revealing aspect of the Cone's attitude toward community
norms was provided by Clyde Downs. He said that if workers did not “get along”
with their neighbors, or acted in a manner not approved of by the Cones, they
were quietly laid off at the end of the season. Actions such as this, when combined
with those mentioned previously, indicate an attempt to influence not only the
social environment of the Estate but also the behavior of their employees. Such
influence was not out of character in the relations between upper class society
and the working class. If this was an extension of plantation or feudal society,
surely it was benevolent.

In summary, the Estate was the single most important influence on the
economic and social well being of the Blowing Rock community at the turn of
the century. {t not only employed a substantial portion of the population, it
also encouraged adherence to the social mores of the day and fostered
enlightenment through educational and religious philanthropy.


MOSPITAL haa caused thia indenture to be eigned in ite cor-
porate nate by its President, attested by its Secretary, and

sealed with {ta corporate seal, all pursuant to « resolution
of its Beard of Trustees, on this the @/@s day of Jaranmes , -
184g. :

THE WOSE: . CONE “ENOKIAL HOSS ITAL

Sacrekary

NORTH CARCLINA,

GUILFORD COUNTY.
on this 2/24 day of wersmesy' , 194F, I,
— ==
yma dee gp Cres Grn ghia» & Notary Public for sald County,

certify that C. M. Vanstory, I+, personally came befors m6
this day and acknowledged that he is the Secretary of THE
MOSES H. COME VEMORIAL HOSPITAL, # corporation, and that, by
guthority duly given and os the act of the corpcration, the
foregoing instrurent was signad in its nam: by Herwan Cone,
dts President, sealed with ite corporate seal, and attastad
by himself as its Secretary. .
WITWESS my hard and notarial seal this God day

Of ees e,! + 194f.
My Commission expires 46 Yow os
4,

ee te de ne et
Rotary ‘ubllo

ro.


7. Description

Condition Check one Check one

—- @xcellem —— deteriorated = ____ unaltered —X origina! site
_X good — tuins ~-X altered _X moved date
—— fair ~— unexposed

Describe the pronent and originat (it known) physical appearance
The Site

The Moses H. Cone Estate is today, in many ways, much like it was before
the death of Moses Cone in 1908. Perhaps most important is that the 3,516 acres
are protected in their entirety by the National Park Service. In other respects,
howeyer, there have been significant changes since the National Park Service
acquired the land in 1951.

The most historicatly significant aspect of the Cone Estate is the land
comprising the Estate. Moses Cone created apple orchards on three different
sections of the Estate. Shortly after the turn of the century, the Estate employed
over fifteen percent of the population of Blowing Rock in the apple orchards.
The orchards are also important historically because they represented an attempt
on the part of Moses Cone to establish an alternative econamy for the small
mountain community of Blowing Rock. Subsistence farming was the only means
of survival for many of these Southern Highlanders and it was Moses Cone's fervent
wish to improve the life of these people through an improved economy. At the
peak of its operation, the orchards provided at least seasonal employment for
everyone from the children to the full-time supervisors on the Estate.

The apple orchards represent a bold effort on the part of this successful
industrialist to shape the future of his mountain community. An effort which
was lovingly supported end nurtured by his wife, Bertha Lindau Cone. This effort
is inexorably linked to the property of the Moses H. Cone Estate. Therefore,
it is important for posterity that these acres be preserved. While the apple
orchards are no longer productive or maintained, they represent an important
experiment in the economic history of Watauge County. A portion of them should
be restored so that the history can be toid in a more direct and visual manner.

The property of the Estate is elso important because of its historically
significant recreational links to Blowing Rock, Watauga County, and to the millions
of tourists who travel the Blue Ridge Parkway cach year.

Moses Cone was an avid road builder and he constructed over twenty miles
of carriage trails and bridle paths throughout the wooded Estate. These trails
represent a significant engineering and aesthetic accomplishment, and for the
last thirty-six years they have provided an important recreational outlet for
residents and tourists alike. For the equestrian, runner, fisherman, walker, and
for those who just want to contemplate beauty and nature, the carriage trails
and Bass Lake provide an exceptional opportunity.

Structures

1. Manor House (Longitude: 81° 41' 35" Latitude: 36° 08' 05")

Begun in 1899, this Victorian, neocolonial was the home of Moses
and Bertha Conc. With its gables and Tiffany windows, the Manor House
represents a significant contribution to architecture of the Southern
Highlands at the turn of the century.


=aeeQgue numa ew we @ww ew ws Ss = = =

were purified. Interestingly, this was the first "Grade A" dairy in Watauga County.
Lloyd Coffee remembers that after Mr. Cone's death, he would can “many quarts
of cream and pounds of butter," package them in a chest filled with ice, and
send them to Baltimore for Mrs. Cone to enjoy throughout the winter,

Consistent with Moses' goal of self-sufficiency, sheep, hogs, and chickens
were raised on the Estate. A sheep was killed about every 10 days. Ruby Walters
noted thet after Mr. Cone's death, Bertha Cone sold the lambs and had the yewes
sheared for wool.

Once construction of the Manor House was complete, Moses Cone supervised
the construction of a Carriage House where they kept @ "fast trotting horse"
and “regular horses" to pull the surrey. There was a large collection of impressive
harnesses that added a touch of class to the stable wails. Mrs. Cone was especially
proud of her beautiful surrey. Advanced for its day, it was black with brass accents
and rubber tires. She required that it be polished at all times and kept ready
for her frequent carriage rides around the Estate.

The blacksmith was an important employee of the Estate. In addition to
being responsible for the care of the horses, he attended to the management
of the carbide plant which provided the house with gas for lighting. Water dripping
on carbide produced the gas. He was also responsible for filling the water tank
each week. The gas was piped into the house, according to Ted Pease, to small
Y-shaped porcelain burners which were operated by a valve. The use of gas was
but one of the many distinguishing characteristics of the Manor House. While
such luxuries as gas and refrigeration were commonplace in New England and
such Southern cities as Charleston and Savannah, they were indeed unusual for
a home in the Blue Ridge Mountains,

The Carbide Plant, Laundry, and Ice House were all in the same building,
located just behind the Manor House, The ice for the Ice Hose was cut off Bass
Lake in Winter and stored in big wooden iceboxes, The ice for refrigeration
was cut at Bass Lake and Trout Lake in the winter and stored in ice houses located
at the respective lakes. Later it was transferred to the Main Ice House behind
the Manor where it was packed down with a layer of sawdust and stored in big
wooden iceboxes-

A large vegetable garden containing such vegetables as corn, green beans,
peas, squash, tomatoes, and potatoes, was situated behind the Ice House, separated
from the Manor by 4 row of rhododendron and some evergreens.

Inside the Manor flouse, in "the room that opened out of the kitchen and
then onto the back porch," describes Ted Pease, "was the heart of the phone
system. There was a line to the apple barns, the spray sheds, the blacksmith
shop, the foremen's houses and a connection to the servants! quarters. The phones
were the old crank-type wall telephones." Ruby Walters remembers, "the telephone
was set up within the Cone Estate only. This is something f've never heard of
before. i had a friend who thought he could call into our house in spite of the
fact that I told him it was a private phone. He couldn't understand that because
it was so unusual.”

A plentiful supply of water was essential to the growth and well-being
of the Estate. It was supplied by three large wooden tanks. The tanks were
made of California redwood and located on a hill northwest of the Manor House.
The system worked through the use of gravily. A spring house stood at the foot
of Flat Top Mountain where the bulter and milk for Estate use was kept. This


forth in paragraphs ¢ and 5} snelt work a forfeiture of the
state loreby conveyad, and the property hereby conveyed shail
jmmediately theraupon revert to THE MOSES H, CONE MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL, without the necessity for exercise of a right of en-
try, to be held and maintained by The Hospital in accordance
with the trust created by the indenture of 50 May 1911} except
that, should any such forfeiturs of the property hereby con-
veyed occur after the Blue Ridge Parkway motor-read shall have
been constructed or stall have been laid out across the prop-
erty hereby conveyed, such forfeiture shell embrace end shall
enuse the reversion ef only those portions of the property
hereby conveyed other than the right-of-way so constructed or
ao Inid out for the said Blue Ridge Parkway motor-road; and
the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA shall retain a right-of-way across
the property hereby conveyed for tke said Blue Ridge Parkway
motor-road, provided that the strip of land embraced in the
right-of-"ay for the said Bive Ridge Parkeay motor-road shail
not exceed an average of 125 acres per mile ecross the property
peraby conveysd and ahall te as shown on 4 survey of the right-
of-way for the said Blue Ridge Parkway motor-read, which 1s at~
tached hereto, marked Exhibit “B", and made a purt of this in-
denture as if fully set out herein, ane provided further that
tha portion of ths property hereby conveyed embraced in the
said right-of-way shal) also thereafter revert to THE MOSES H.
CONE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL if and whenever the said strip of land
shall cease te be used by the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA aa a
motor=road,

TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the ssid lends hereby conveysa,

but upon the terms and subject to the cendillons hereinabove

set forth, to the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA forover.

It 15 understood and agreed by and between the


Cane Estate

Ca

rriage House and Stable

1976

February,

BLRL PKY

Negative # 5861

Classificatian # 728


amgQu we aw ewewsw @ew@ww@we 2 a2 =@" =

27

and "Lin-e-ments". Lacking a cow barn, Preacher Adams kept his cow and chickens
undernggth the cabin, which no doubt created a real homey aroma in the cabin
above.

Moses Cone dicd an early death on December 8, 1908. The diagnosis of
the medical team at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore was coronary occlusion. In an
interview with Sydney Cone of Greensboro, he noted that Moses was a non-smoker
and a very light social drinker. He limited himself to one cup of coffee a day
and was cereful about his weight. Sydney Cone stated that Moses was not in
good health for the last six years of his life. In 1906, on a trip around the world,
Moses had suffered severe chest pains from which he would never fully recover.
Many of the symptoms apparently resulted from extreme stress Moses experienced
in his work with Cone Textile Mills.

After Moses Cone's death, Bertha Cone guided the operation of the Estate.
AS a result, most of the employecs remember Bertha Cone, not Moses, when
they discuss the Estate's supervision. She was described by most of her former
employees as cordial, but firm in her methods of running the Estate. The respect
she received from the workers was returned in the form of a deep sympathy
for worker needs and distress. Because she had a strong belief in education,
the Sandy Flats School received her constant moral and financial support. It
has been noted previously that members of the Cone family occasionally taught
at the school. This included Bertha and Etta Cone and perhaps Sophie Lindau.

A good example of Bertha Cone's benevolence was an incident involving
Merle Moody. During the winter, Moody was one of the employees who transported
produce and goods from the Estate to the Cone residence in Baltimore. After
one trip he mentioned to Mrs. Cone that his truck did not have @ heater. His
boss promptly told him to get a heater and charge it to the Estate account.
Moody not only got the besj, heater available, he got new genuine cow hide seat
covers, all at Cone expense.

Although the Cones wanted the public to enjoy the Estate, they demanded
respect for the fora and fauna. Automobiles were not allowed on the carriage
trails. Bertha Cone's desire to keep people from fishing in the pond (Bass Lake)
led to the posting of a night watchman. However, these actions were minor
when compared to the abundant gencrosity extended to the public by the Cones.

Bertha Cone expected all of her tenants to be cordial and conduct themselves
in a neighborly fashion. Most of the time the tenants lived together on relatively
good tetins. Former employees note that all the tradition of helping one's neighbor
through difficult times was alive and well during the life of the Estate. Work
records note that when illness or injury disabled a worker, the other Estate
employees took up the slack work until the difficult period had passed. Bertha
Cone was patient and supportive during these periods.

Bertha Cone died in 1947, leaving no heirs. Her will provided that the
Manor House be closed and that the Estate itself be maintained (through a $10,000
a year allowance). It goes without saying that the allowance was insufficient
to service the Estate. By the time the Manor House was reopened in 1950, there
had been many transfers of the property (from the Moses H. Cone Memorial
Hospital in Greensboro, to the federal government, to the National Park Service}
By 1950, when the Park Service acquired the Estate, the Orchards were in disrepair
along with much of the rest of the Estate. Because the China Orchard was located
on the opposite side of Highway 221 from the rest of the Estate, and because
the steepness of the land precluded any particular utilization, the National Park


ala

Carriage Entrance to Cune Park from U.S. Hwy 221

1953

BLRI PKY

226

Classification # 625.7

Negative #


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Cone Estate

Carriage House and Horse Stable
Building # 205

June, 1975

BLRI PKY

Negative # 3035

Classification # 728



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of its obligation, 49 @ gondition of thik conveyance, to ax-
pend a sum of not less than Ten Thousand Dollara ($10,000.00)
‘eagh yoar in maintaining the property a= aforesaid.

5. The UNITED STATES OF AMERICA shall develop the
property hereby conveyed a8 a public park and pleesure ground
substantially in accordance with a master plan which has been
proposed for auch development, a copy of which master plen 1s
attached hereto, marked Exhibit “A, and made a part of this
indenture as if fully set out Merein. The UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA shall have the right to make minor modificetions in
the developrent of the proparty from that shown on the master
plan, but shall be required to accomplish substantial compliance
with the sai@ mastar plan. Work on the development, in compli-
ange with the said mester plan, must commence within one (1)
year from tha effective date of this conveyance, and must be
substantisliy completed within five (5) years after such date,

It 4s expressly understood and sgread by and between
the parties tm reto that nothing herein contatned shall be con-
strued as imposing 4 contractual obligation upon or binding the
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA to expand for any purpese specified
herein in any ons (1) fiscal year any Sum in excoas of appro-
priations made available for euch purpose by the Congress for
that fiscal year, om to involve the UNITED STATES OP AMERICA
in any contract or other obligation for the future payment of
money in excess of such approprietions; but the conditions and
stipulations hereinabove set forth shall be and remain condi-
tions of this conveyance and of the title hereby conveyed, end
any modification whatsoever of the nate (THE MOSES H. CONE
MEMORIAL FARK) under #hich the property ts to be maintained or
any violation of any of the conditions of this conveyance here-

inabove set forth (including specifically those cond/ tions set



47 in
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ka



=seaGewrimrenmw ewe ewe ew ewe ee ee ee =

Cone Estate

Apple Barn

August 9, 1973
Building # 208

BLRT PKY

Negative # 5073
Classification 4 72B



=am@Qunneriueuwwew @wwew #2 FF 2 =@" =

Tool Storage

Not Labeled on Map
Belongs to "EE”

BLRI PKY

No Original Negative
Phota B-193



=aemeQuerewewewe we @ewww a = = =@ =

eo

self-sufficient style of living had served the Cones a generation before and
remained an important part of the Cones' lifestyle into the twentieth century.

Along with the necessities, the Cones enjoyed luxuries which supported
the lifestyle one would expect of the wealthy upper class at the turn of the
century. There was a croquet field in the "back garden" and two fenced tennis
courts. A bowling alley was erected near the vegetable garden and this diversion
was often frequented by the men of the Cone family and the many distinguished
friends who visited the Estate in the summer, There was a boat house on Bass
Lake that stood two stories high. The gasoline powered boat and row boats were
stored on the first level and the second level was used as storage for the rest
of the boating equipment. As one would expect, these luxuries extended to the
household furnishings. Fred Mays remembers the wicker furniture on the front
porch, “it was the first I had ever seen — anybody around here had ever seen,
I'd say. Oh, you see it now commonly but not back then. It probably came from
China."

Moses and Bertha Cone appreciated the panoramic mountain vistas the
Estate afforded. A lookout tower, referred to by the Cones as The Observatory,
was constructed on top of Flat Top Mountain. It was stated in the August 13,
1932 issue of the Blowing Rocket that on a clear day six states were visible from
the lookout tower. This was of course an exaggeration of the time. One could,
however, see parts of Tennessee and much of the surrounding countryside. This
tower was used frequently by the Cones for a luxurious view of the rolling hills.
It was orginally constructed of chestnut but after the Blue Ridge Parkway assumed
possession of the Estate, the original structure was deemed unsafe so Parkway
officials replaced it with a steel structure which was used as a fire tower.

One of Moses Cone's particular loves and a consuming hobby was engineering
roads. He constructed thirty-five miles of carriage trails which gently wound
their way thorugh the Estate. Much of the trail was surrounded by beautiful
rhododendron and artfully laid dry stone walls. One ex-tenant said that Moses
would assemble a crew of men to follow him through the woods and "wherever
he went, we would drive stakes in the ground.” It wasn't long before they had
constructed a road. The road would have to be handworked for perfection. Then,
he said, Mrs. Cone would ride around the Estate in her carriage with @ book in
her lap. If she was jarred even slightly by a rock or stick, she would record
its exact location and give the report to the boys the next day. The young boys
would take the message to the workers and they would smooth the spot very
carefully.

Ted Pease related a humorous story which he indicated he heard from a
previous tenant about Mrs. Cone's surrey rides. "Mrs, Cone was good friends
with the people who owned "Chetola," the adjoining property. I guess her name
was Mrs. Snyder. It's a development now. But Mrs, Cone would get in her carriage
and ride down to Chetola and call on Mrs. Snyder. They would often have tea
together. Then Mrs. Snyder would get in her carriage and return the visit. They
were good friends and visited back and forth, Well, then they fell-out. I don't
know what over. But the next time you go down to Bass Lake you'll notice a
road that goes straight on and clase to the boundary line—there's a stone wall
that goes up the bank and across the road. Mrs. Cone had that built, and she
terminated the friendship right there. The wall is referred to now by previous
tenants as the "spite wall.”

Bertha Cone was demonstrably concerned with the welfare of the children
who lived on the Estate. She always had an errand or small chore to keep them
out of trouble until they were old enough to work on the Estate, Many of the
young boys carried water to the men who worked in the vast acres of orchards.


MAP No. 33

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Sandy Flat Baptist Church

Cane Estate
BLRi PKY

Negative # MC67
Picture # 258



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A-"The Keepers House"
Former Residents:

B-Tenant Home-washed away in flood of 1916 then rebuilt.

Former Residents:

C-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

D-Sheep Barn
E-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

F-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

G-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

H-Tenant Home
Former Residents:

I-Brick House
Tenant Home
Former Residents:

Tom Jones-built house
John Pitt

William Walser

Tom Simmons

W.C, Payne
d. Simmons
Albert Dotson
Artie Hollars
Walter Hollars

John Teague
dim Simmons
Walter Hollars
Arlie Hotlars
Albert Dotson
Joe Auton

Allison Teague
Jordon Teague
John Lewis
Chariie Cannon
Charlie Coffey
Carl Hollars
Lioyd Craig
Richard Hollars

Ceasar Fons
Tipton Green
Frank Icenhour
Fons Hayes
Will Moody
Glen Presnell

George Maltba
John Knight
Claude Danicls
Frank Craig
Charlie Walser

John Green
Rubin Price
Laek Craig
Omar Coffey
William Walser
Walter Keys

doe Green-builder-1895
Roby Coffey
Estes


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Tenant, Home Built By Moses Cone
Farmer Residents: Ed Underdown (A Blacksmith), $.T. Icen-
hour (& Piumber), and Clyde Downs (A

Carpenter)
Labeled on Map as "S”
BLRI PKY
Negative # ML17



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D-23 Susan Levy married James Klau on March 20, 1955.
Children:
Michael D. - 10/5/55
Phyllis B. 5/31/57
David Cone 3/11/63
Cynthia Sue 7/28/65
D-24 Nancy Cone married Bryant M. Hanley, dr. (b, 3/29/35} on 1/1/58,
Reside: 3816 Miramar, Dallas, TX 75205.
Children:
Laura Cone 9/28/53
Barbare Elaine 4/10/62
Sarah Elizabeth 4/1/68
D-25. Barbara Cone married Jack Hudson (Fales) McPhail on 11/15/69.
They went to California. 246 Colgate Ave., Kensington, Berkeley
94707,
Children:
Nathaniel Cone 4/11/73
Andrew Lutin (McPhail) 2/1/76

Generation E

E-1 Herman Cone Il married 6/71 to Bonny Hinklo of Winston Salem,
North Carolina. Lynchburg, VA to live in bearby Goode.

E-2 Robert Clarence Cone married Sally Boyalo on 8/27/78.
Children:
Joseph Samuel 6/23/81
Barbare Lawerence 10/12/82
E-3 Thomas Edward Cone married (Rennie) Aderholdt on 6/4/77-Lorynn.
Children:
Bradford Thomas 12/6/79
Daniel 2/27/81
Anna Lovise 2/3/83
E-4 Elaine Bundy Cone engagement announced 12/9/78 to David William
Bulliock of Wilmington. A March 17, 1979 wedding was planned.
Children:
Alan Cone 5/17/80
David William, Jr. 6/1/81

E-5 Alan Wolf Cone, Jr. married Melissa Wren Faison 3/21/81, Separated.

E-24 Jane Abraham married on 12/4/59 to Robert Daroff, MD. Nashville,
TN.
Children:
Charles, It 9/18/62
E-32 Nancy Louise Hilschland married 1/12/63 to Andrew Ramage,

an English archeologist (6, 4/21/39). In 1973, teaching art history
he at Cornell, she at Ithaca.

Children:
Michael Hector 10/28/73


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Photo 6-201



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14

Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta Cone, younger sisters of Moses, never ‘married.
Frederick, youngest brother of Moses, was also an avid art collector who lived
with Claribel and Etta in their Marlborough Apartment.

Monroe and Solomon, also younger brothers of Moses, were bachelors.
Monroe died at the age of 29. Solomon was a cotton broker and involved himself
in the family textile business.

Ceasar, closest brother of Moses and partner in the development of Cone
Export and Commission Company and Cone Mills which followed, was vitally
important in the textile enterprise. He married Jeanette Siegal and fathered
three sons, the youngest of whom died recently in 1986. Ceasar Il was the last
surviving son of the co-founder of Cone Mills Corporation.

Julius and Clarence, also younger brothers of Moses, were both involved
with the Cone Textile Mills. Both married and both fathered two children.

Sydney, the eighth child of Herman and Helen, was an orthopedic surgeon
in Baltimore. He married and fathered three sons.

Bernard practiced law in New York and represented Cone Mills Corporation
legal interests. He and Elaine Wolfon had one son.

Carrie, the only sister of Moses Cone to marry, became Carrie Long and
lived in Asheville. She had one son and two daughters.

Since Moses and Bertha Cone had no children of their own, the Cone family
heirs today consist mainly of 3rd, 4th, and 5th generation decendants of the
brothers and sisters of Moses. The family genealogy has been meticulously
maintained by Sydney Cone, Jr., who now resides in Greensboro. He was kind
enough to provide the detailed information which is provided in Appendix D.


en... m@ an...

interior of Cone Manor House
eptember 1948
BLRI PKY

SI
Ne

gative # 7572 (9350B)

Classification #4 728


maag=za a wee eee @ewtwes ewes =e =

map) that is both overcrowded and dangerously sl tuated In relation
to passing vehicles entering the town of Blowtng Rock. Both lots
need to be studied carefully for possidle entargement or redesign.

Signage describlng the location of the four structures in question, and
adjoining walkways and natural features is inadequate. For example, finding
the apple barn or servant quarters Is nearly Impossible for the uninformed
visitor. Although these bul|ldtngs are not normally open to the public, thls
lack of Information denies the visitors to the estate an understanding of the
original land use and orlentation of the orlginal structures.

2. Continue uses currentiy In effect, but accommodating Increased
numbers of visitors.

Generally, the concerns described above become more severe. Parking, signage
and clrculation should be evaluated and Improved with a view toward
accommodating Increased populations. Existing fiora adjacent to the manor
house and carrtage barn should be redesigned or protected from Increased
traffic.

Tollet facilities at the manor house should be enlarged and upgraded, If not
removed to a new location entirely.

3. Add regional visitor Information center near the manor house.

An additional structure adjacent to tne manor house should be carefully
situated and deslgned In order to either not intrude on the historic character
of the estate or to mimic one of the structures (such as the charming | aundry
building) that have been demot ished.

Pedestrian and vehicular traffic loads need to be carefully addressed.

Coordinatton with focal communities concerning appropriate siting and design
needs to be accamp! ished.

4. Convert manor house to a furnished building museum, moving craft
shop operations to a new structure.

The concerns described in the previous three sections still pertain,
In addition, traffic to and from a new craft shop structure would
have to be served by additional parking, slgnage, and protection of
landscape elements, In no case should new structures be allowed to
Intrude on the view |Ines or vistas seen from the manor house,

A detatied cost/benefit analysis of the Impact of furnishing and
managing @ house museum shoulc be performed. Research on avallable
data concerning original furnishings should be pertormed. A market
study of potential tretfle should be used to establish design
standards for traffic flow, parking, toilet facilities, ete.


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1¢

"Mr. Cone, when I read that letter, | just sat down and cried. But ! want
to tell you I paid the old account and also for the new goods he shipped me."

Well, that story is typical of my older brothers. They were smart but they
were kind. If ever there were two men whose hearts were filled with the milk
of human kindness, they were my brothers, Moses H. and Ceasar Cone.

Traveling in the South, my brothers came in contact with the growing textile
industry and decided that it held greater possiblilites than that of staple groceries.
In 1887 they had already acquired an interest in the C-E. Graham Manufacturing
Company, a small cotton mill at Asheville, North Carolina, and in the early
Nineties, Moses Ii. Cone established the Cone Export & Commission Company
at New York and Ceasar Cone the Proximity Manufacturing Comany at Greensboro,
North Carolina, the one being a sales organization, the other a manufacturing
plant to make goods.

Both of these companies grew and prospered, But Moses Cone did not live
to see his hopes and plans come to full fruition.

Born on June 29, 1857, he died at the early age of fifty-one on December
8, 1908. He left no children and his widow, Bertha Lindau Cone, inherited half
of his fortune. Being a loving wife, devoted to the memory of a great man, she
decided to use this fortune in the establishment of a perpetual memorial in the
form of this hospital we are about to dedicate, and in May, 1911, she caused
to be formed under the laws of North Carolina a hospital corporation to be known
as The Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital. To this hospital corporation she
conveyed her entire share of the fortune she had inherited, and this was augmented
by gifts and bequests from brothers and sisters of Moses H. Cone, notably from
Ceasar Cone, Frederic W. Cone, Dr. Claribel Cone and Miss Etta Cone,

Moses H. Cone was truly 2 great man, his was a great mind, a noble soul,
a dynamic personality. But a brother's opinion is apt to be prejudiced, so, in
conclusion let me read a few excerpts from an article by the late G, Sam Bradshaw,
published in 1917, containing a short biographical sketch of Moses Ii. Cone:

“Within a decade after his advent into the field of the cotton milling industry,
he had forged his way to the foremost place among the cotton manufacturers
of this state and had written his name across the face of Piedmont North Carolina.
Within less than two decades he had won a place in the commerciat and financial
circles of the South, scarcely second to any man in power, in character, in
resources, and in ability to command whatever support his plans demanded.

‘His mind was clear and brilliant . - . While other men doubted and dallied,
his daring genius was bridging the chasm of doubt and scaling the unexplored
heights ....

“He was the soul of honor. Direct and frank, he was imperious and relentless
in his contempt of sham and all manner of hypocrisy.

“A stern, aggressive, brave, noble man — a conqueror in the field of human
contest where commercial battles were fought and won, or lost. But in the social
circle, by the hearthstone of a devoted wife and loved ones, and with his fellows,
he was the effectionate husband, the unselfish brother, the charming” companion,
and the knightly gentleman... .

“When North Carolina's historian shall have counted the material assets
of this generation, he will find no one citizen has contributed more to its awakening
and upbuilding in proportion to his opportunity than Moses HI. Cone."


mem@=ea nmuuwnmae @wweww ee =@" =

LIST OF APPENDICES

A. Tracts of land comprising the Moses Cone Estate

B, List of the variety of fruits grown in the orchards

C. Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta

D. Cone Family Geneology

E. Maps of the Cone Estate Orchards

F. Employment Data

G. Employment Data

H. indenture Transferring Cone Estae to the National Park Service
I. Letter from Stan Abbott — re: Route of the Blue Ridge Parkway
J. Letter from Bertha Cone — re: Route of the Blue Ridge Parkway
K. Photographic Album of the Estate and its Structures

L. Listing of Structures on the Cone Estate


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NPE Form 10-000
om

United States Department of the Interior

Nationai Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Inventory—Nomination Form

See instructions in How fo Complete National Register Forms
Type all entries—complete applicable sections

OMB Ko. 1024-0016
Expires 10-31-87

Fos NPS use onty

received

date entered

1. Name

historic Moses H. Cone Estate

andorcommon Cone Estate

2. Location

street & number Milepost 294, Blue Ridge Parkway

—— hot for pubtication

city, town - -X vicinity of Blowing Rock
state North Caroling code 37 county Watauga code 109
sr ‘.
3. Classification
Cc Jory Ownership Status Preseni Use
—A district x public —X oecupied — agricuiture —_ museum
—. buliding(s) __ private _X unoccupied ~X_ commercial —X park
—_ structure = ___ doth —X_ work in progress XL etfucational —XL private residence
—— site Public Acquisition Accessible —.. entertainment ue POG IOUS
— abject _.— In process —X yes: resteicted — government —— sclentitic
_——. baing considered —_- yes: unrestricted —— tndusisial —— transportation
— ro —— milttary —— other:

4. Owner of Property

name National Park Service (Squtheast Region)

street & number 75 Spring Street

city, town Atlanta _—— vicinity of

state Georgia

5. Location of Legal Description

courthouse, registry ol deeds,ets. Watauga County Courthouse, Registry of Deeds

atreet & number Courthouse (Roem 119)

city,town Boone

state North Carolina

6. Representation in Existing Surveys

titte has this property been determined eligible? __. yes ——_ no

date —-

depository lor survey records

city, town



mange uses @erzaese@aa =@ =

31

Ed Robbins, son of J.R. Robbins, was probably the most controversial member
of the church. It was his will and desire for a place to preach that helped found
the church. Robbins lived in Blowing Rock and traveled the two miles to Sandy
Flats to preach. His disposition seems to have been well-known. Lloyd Coffey
noted that he had, "a little temper," and Clyde Downs said that he, "would really
get to going,” about some issues, particulerly on election day. Downs suggests
that Robbins might have influenced the defection of a group of the congregation
to the Skyland Assembly of God in 1932.

B.F. Willcox was a member of the presbytery at the Sandy Flats constitution.
Above his name in the roll appears the title “minister,” and he is the only member
to be listed as such. Everyone seems to have had the utmost respect for Willcox.
He was the only Sunday school teacher to be so designated during this period
and it was said that he could correct the mistakes the children made by reciting
the Bible by heart. This older man was often asked to serve on exclusion
committees, and perhaps his good judgment and forebearing helps account for
the church's relatively mild disciplinary actions. Willcox had three wives.

Ed Bumpass was the chauffeur for the Cones and was the only black member
of the church. Lloyd Coffey, who apparently got along well with Bumpass,
occasionally wrote letters for the chauffeur to his girlfriend. Although Bumpass
attended Sandy Flats regularly, he was not baptized until 1946. After Bertha
Cone died, Bumpass moved to Greensboro, Nerth Carolina.

Licyd Coffey, born at Coffey's Gap on Highway 221, moved to the Cone
Estate in 1923 with his bride of two years. After only a couple of years in the
orchards, Coffey was offered, and accepted after consultation with his wife,
the position of Gardener for Mrs. Cone. A year and a half later, Clyde Claussen,
the Dairyman, was caught beeting the cows by Mrs. Cone. Ed Underdown, the
Estate Supervisor, asked Coffey to take the dairy job after Claussen was quietly
dismissed. Coffey, whe preferred the gardening job, agreed to a two-week trial.
At the end of four weeks Underdown honestly admitted that he had not looked
for a replacement because Mrs. Cone liked Coffey's work. At her personal request,
Coffey agrecd to stay at the dairy, "for as long as Mrs. Cone lived."

Through Coffey's hard work, and Bertha Cone's desire for quality, the Cone
Dairy became the first Grade 'A' dairy in Watauga County. Concrete floors and
troughs were installed, drinking water was made available to each stall and a
het water boiler to sterilize the vessels was added. Later, a bottle and cap
machine replaced the necessity to hand cap the milk and a cooler operated by
ice from the Ice House, was added. In addition, Coffey was required to get a
physical each year. The Cone Dairy became sufficiently well known for Coffey
to be offered jobs from such prestigious places as the Vanderbilt Estate. Coffey
owned, along with his brother, one of the first cars (2 Model T) on the Estate.

Farl Colvar was a deacon and later the Pastor of the church. He lived
on the mountain above Trout Lake and cared for a herd of approximately fifty
sheep. There was a separate barn for the sheep, which the Estate raised primarily
for meat. Lloyd Coffey remembers slaughtering many sheep with Charlie Isenhour.

Bartic Creed was originally not from the Blowing Rock area. He lived
on the Price Estate, which adjoined the Cone Estate. ,

Clyde Downs was raised on the Estate where his father was an employee.
From 1911 to 1920, Downs atlended Sandy Flats School and helped out on the


ae }
EN ay esi

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Carriage Road Overpass
Moses H. Cone Memorial Park
1940's

BLRI PKY

Negative # 8894 (931CH)
Classification # 728



-

an aAuFw

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1o,

1.
#2,
3.

Pay Rates for 1905-1908: J.¥. Brow Ledger

Pyo. of Jork

Unskilled labor, extra emsloy+ «5
Foremen {usually worked more hours)
Children

Teams

Plowing

Moying Rock

Carpentry/Slacksmith

Tending cattle- 1.50,2.50, or more ,depending
on tine, money

J.D. Brown~ timekeeper, foreman

L.C,Hartley- dairyman?

Graduation of Rates Over Time, Unskilled Labor

1900-1920
1920-early 1940's
Until 1947 (closing of the estate)

agyke’
7.58
9.0/10.0
2.5/3.5
20.0
20,0
10,0
10,0

$35.00/

month

$20,00/

month

7.5°10,0
15.0-22.5

25,0

* During the depression of 1929 the steady, Secure job on
the estate was considered good employment by the locals,
After the depression it was considered somewhat low paying,


=aegunmnmweewee @ewewwewes = =@ =

15

Moses Cone Remembered

Moses H. Cone — Disciple of Beauty, True Benefactor

From a 1930 edition of The Greensboro Daily News

Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy under President Wilson, who
summered in the Blowing Rock area, paid a tribute to the memory of the late
Moses H. Cone in an editorial which appeared in The Greensboro Daily News.
The editorial reads as follows:

Most visitors to the mountains miss secing some of the most majestic views
and interesting places because they are not accessible to automobiles. The
commanding mountain view in northwestern North Carolina is Grandfather, upon
the summit of which is outlined the head of a serene grand old man, dignified
and satisfied. That surpassing view is visible from Blowing Rock Hotel, Mayview
Manor and from many of the cottages. It grows upon the imagination as one
gazes and regazes. It is difficult to see when it is most beautiful — when the
full sun gives it something of life, or when the moving clouds give variety of
view and a subdued radiance falls upon it. When it appears above the low-lying
clouds, the Grandfather looks protected and grand. But because it requires a
two-mile walk to the top, not oversteep, net many visitors give themsclves the
joy of the glorious panorama spread out before the eye from its summit.

It is equally true that the magnificient views from Flat Top and Rich
Mountains on the Moses H. Cone Estate are missed by most visitors, and thereby
they lose views which would give them delight to let memory rest upon in the
succeeding days of their life. The reason most people omit to feast their eyes
on Flat Top and Rich Mountains is because they can be reached only by walking
and it is ‘a far piece" for pedestrians or horsback riding or in a horse-drawn buggy
or surrey. The grounds with 30 miles of drives in this estate of 3,500 acres are
open to all visitors who walk or ride horseback or travel in horse-drawn vehicles.
In this fast age, the automobile is the chief means of transportation — in fact,
the only means of locomotion ta most people - inasmuch as, because of the
narrowness of the good dirt roads, it is inadvisable to admit automobiles, most
people think they have seen the best of Blowing Rock because they do not know
the views permissible by substituting the horse for the motor car. So you see
the age of the horse has not fully passed. When you come to Blowing Rock I
advise you to say: "A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse," for you will need
it unless your legs will carry you over the 30 miles of road on the Cone Estate,
up to Grandfather, or the footpath from Mayview Manor, Blowing Rock, and
Green Park Hotels to the Rock and te John’s Valley, or to the score of other
beauty places, including the magnificent Green Hill, purchased by Governor and
Mrs. Morrison, on which they contemplate building a summer residence.

It was in the late seventies {hat merchants of this section of the state
came to know a young Hebrew grocery drummer who traveled the mountains
on horseback soliciting orders for the Cone wholesale grocery firm doing business
in Jonesboro, Tennessee. He was an attractive and interesting young drummer
who had genius as 2 merchant. People just could not resist his selling qualities.
When Moses Cone came into their places of business their selling resistance
vanished. They tell us pocts are born. So are great merchants like John
Wanamaker and A.T. Stewart, If you will study the history of the cotten mitt
business in North Carolina, you will sce that the men who won the largest measure
of success with cotton mills were men who were metchants as well as


meaagGu=au meas ese See Owes 2 | =

Cc-4

Generation C

Herman Cone (textiles) married Louise Wolf on March 20, 1922

{b. 10/28/1894 d. 8/1/1965)
Children:

Herman, Jr.

Alan Wolf

12/11/1923
2/13/1926

Benjamin Cone (textiles) married Anne Wortham on Apri 8, 1937
{b. 10/1/1915)
Children:

Jeanette Boorman
Anne Wortham
Benjamin, dr.

8/2/1938
11/28/1939
8/39/1924

Ceasar Cone, 1!) (textiles) married Martha Abercrombie on November
19, 1938 (b. 10/7/1912)

Children:
Ceasar, IIL 1/27/1940
Martha 1/2/1942
Lawrence Martin 1/11/1947

Irving Long bachelor

Edna Muriel Long married on 5/24/1911 to Gustau Lichtenfels
(b. 9/14/1877)

Children:
Helen 8/27/1912
Johanna 12/16/1913
dJaseph 7/4/1915
Carolyn 4/1/1917

Dorothy Long married Sidney Berney, Baltimore (b. 10/25/1888
d. 2/23/1966}. married on September 1, 1914

Children:
Robert T/16/1916
Ellen 11/12/1918
Alice 6/9/1925
Margaret 2/21/1927

Sydney M. Cone, Jr. (textiles) married Isabell "Iggy" Frank on

June 14, 1926 (b. 1/28/05}
Children:

Sydney M., III

Donald Frank

11/30/1930 (Lawyer)
6/10/1933 (Doctor)

Maxwell Cone, bachelor Living in San Jose, Coste Rica, C.A.
Cattle Ranches
Mailing Address: Aparto 2196, San Jose,

Costa Rica, C.A.

Frank Cone married Marian Jones (b. 6/26/1912 - d. 1964) on June
15, 1934 in Joplin, Missouri. Frank, an M.D., Captain U.S. Medical
corps was imprisoned Cabenatuan Prison, Philippine islands and
died there. His widow, Marian, married September 20, 1943 Knox


aonm@eua wae wees @ww ew Fs 2 = GQ =

The “Colt House”

Not Built By Moses Cone However Cone Later Bought Colt
Gut and The "Colt House" Became a Tenant
Home
Former Residents: Carl Hoilars, A.C. Shumake, C. Hartley, C.
Cannon, Earl Colvard, Eugene Hottars,
Ed Coltvard, and Lank Craig
Labeled on Map as "SS"
BLRI PKY

Negative # MC20



APPENDIX F
Employment Statistics

Date Regular = yours Payroll ree Hours Payroll

: |
Winter } |
586 | 6 201 24,20 5 | 246 20,35
-31-
1906 9 543 42,43 lo Ay 34. 39
-15- 3 H
1907 19 1416 153,63 20 1545 156.13
i2=28- 1 3 \ —_
1907 16 785 77.05 33 516 67,82
= ——~ _ — — ~ a
1 ~ H
1908 ” 898 79.27 ' 241 78.78
- ns nn 4
1-31- H
1908 28 1752 1187.40 ‘21 1489 40,04

| : H
Spring H | |
3-15~ : ol
1906 18 owl [90.08 21 2327 115.31
4-30-
1906 20 81h 25.31 28 2211 234.11
- a a aa
ha16— : i
1907 2 1082 loz. 24 15 1728 60.58

j | I
5-3l-
1907 e4 1808 145.92 15 1358 122.88

| i t

-_ women '

gell- | |
1908 21 2410 274.91 j22 11304 138,85
5-1- | |
i908 _ | 9 336 pt. 67 2366 116.63

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Greensbora: Cone Printing Services, 1977.

Hirsehland, Ellen B. Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein
and Her Family. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1970.

Pollack, Barbure. The Collectors: Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta Cone. Indianapolis
and New York: ‘Fhe Dobbs-Merrill Company, inc., 1962.

Indson, Rrrenda, Ds. Cleribel_ and Miss Etta. Bulitmore: ‘Che Balitmore
Museu of Art, 1985.

Saarinen, Aline B, The Proud Possessors. New York: Random liouse, 1958.

These books focus primarily on the lives of Claribel and Etta Cone and
their extensive art collections. The Richardson work is especially important
because it has a brief section on the Cone family and an exhaustive listing of
Matisse works in the Cone Coliection.

UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS

Abbucht, Edward H. "The Blue Ridge Parkway - Blowing Rock to Linville Falis"
April, 1986. A description of the Cone Estate and its relationship to the
Blue Ridge Parkway.

Beeler, James. “An Analysis of Sandy Fiats Missionary Baptist Church 1928-1948
and Its Relationship to the Moses H. Cone Estate" May 8, 1381, Explores
the founding of the church and its relationship to the Cone Estate.

Beoler, James. “An Analysis of the China Orchard in the Moses If, Cone Estate:
190-3947" Hecember 15, 1980. A description of th China Orchard with
an analysis of opernlionul procedures and soil content.

Beeler, James. "An Evaluation of the Effects of the Moses Cone listate on the
Regton, Its Employees, and an Examination of Operational Procedures”
Date unknown. This student paper cxamines the lifestyles, working
conditions, and tenant to tenant relationships on the Estate.

Cone, Sydney M. "The Cones of Bavaria." This is the family geneclogy which
has been tnaintained meticulously.

Yonts, Marcie. "Sandy Flats School and Sandy Flats Missionary Church 1906-1948"
May 3, 1981. A description of Sandy Flats Schooi and its evolution to Sancty
Plats Missionary Baptist Church, The relationship between the school/ehurch
and tho Estate is considered.

ARTICLES

"Mountain Museum Opens." Mountain Life and Work Vol. 28, No. 2 (1952).
"New Guild Shop." Mountain Life and Work Vol. 3, No. 3 (1951).

"The Crafts of Cone Park." ‘far Heet (May-dune 1979),

The articles contain inforination on the Southern Wighlands Uandieriit


ee ee

self-sufficient style of living had served the Cones a generation before and
remained an important part of the Cones' lifestyle into the twentieth century.

Along with the necessities, the Cones enjoyed luxuries which supported
the lifestyle one would expect of the wealthy upper class at the turn of the
century. There was a croquet field in the "back garden" and two fenced tennis
courts. A bowling alley was erected near the vegetable garden and this diversion
was often frequented by the men of the Cone family and the many distinguished
friends who visited the Estate in the summer. There was a boat house on Bass
Lake that stood two stories high. The gasoline powered boat and row boats were
stored on the first level and the second level was used as storage for the rest
of the boating equipment. As one would expect, these luxuries extended to the
household furnishings. Fred Mays remembers the wicker furniture on the front
porch, "it was the first I had ever seen — anybody around here had ever seen,
I'd say. Oh, you see it now commonly but not back then. It probably came from
China."

Moses and Bertha Cone appreciated the panoramic mountain vistas the
Estate afforded. A lookout tower, referred to by the Cones as The Observatory,
was constructed on top of Flat Top Mountain. It was stated in the August 13,
1932 issue of the Blowing Rocket that on a clear day six states were visible from
the lookout tower. This was of course an exaggeration of the time. One could,
however, see parts of Tennessee and much of the surrounding countryside. This
tower was used frequently by the Cones for a luxurious view of the rolling hills.
It was orginally constructed of chestnut but after the Blue Ridge Parkway assumed
possession of the Estate, the original structure was deemed unsafe so Parkway
officials replaced it with a steel structure which was used as a fire tower.

One of Moses Cone's particular loves and a consuming hobby was engineering
roads. He constructed thirty-five miles of carriage trails which gently wound
their way thorugh the Estate. Much of the trail was surrounded by beautiful
rhododendron and artfully laid dry stone walls. One ex-tenant said that Moses
would assemble a crew of men to follow him through the woods and "wherever
he went, we would drive stakes in the ground.” It wasn't long before they had
constructed a road. The road would have to be handworked for perfection. Then,
he said, Mrs. Cone would ride around the Estate in her carriage with a book in
her lap. If she was jarred even slightly by a rock or stick, she would record
its exact location and give the report to the boys the next day. The young boys
would take the message to the workers and they would smooth the spot very
carefully.

Ted Pease related a humorous story which he indicated he heard from a
previous tenant about Mrs. Cone's surrey rides. "Mrs. Cone was good friends
with the people who owned "Chetola," the adjoining property. I guess her name
was Mrs. Snyder. It's a development now. But Mrs. Cone would get in her carriage
and ride down to Chetola and call on Mrs. Snyder. They would often have tea
together. Then Mrs. Snyder would get in her carriage and return the visit. They
were good friends and visited back and forth. Well, then they fell-out. I don't
know what over. But the next time you go down to Bass Lake you'll notice a
road that goes straight on and close to the boundary line—there’s a stone wall
that goes up the bank and across the road. Mrs. Cone had that built, and she
terminated the friendship right there." The wall is referred to now by previous
tenants as the "spite wall.”

Bertha Cone was demonstrably concerned with the welfare of the children
who lived on the Estate. She always had an errand or small chore to keep them
out of trouble until they were old enough to work on the Estate. Many of the
young boys carried water to the men who worked in the vast acres of orchards.


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small rooms are used for storage and one room serves as the managers office.
The former living room space near the front of the house is used by the Park
Service as an information center. The upstairs portion of the Manor House is
off limits to the public and was used until 1986 as living quarters for Guild
members demonstrating their work and for those who operate the Crafts Center.


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Summer 4972
BLRI PKY
Negative # 2594

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33

MOSES H. CONE MEMORIAL PARK
ROADS AND STRUCTURES

oe

OA ~
] ie) 2000 4000
a ee

} FEET
—s

—-— Park Boundary

[ ROADS
~ . — Blue Ridge Parkway
\ ? — Roads
VY — Carriage Roads
STRUCTURES

mm Existing
co Removed by Park Service

aren graphics