Palynology and Stratigraphy of Cretaceous and 

Pleistocene Sediments on Long Island, 

New York-A Basis for Correlation with 

New Jersey Coastal Plain Sediments 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1559 

Prepa'red in cooperation with the 

Nassau County Department of Public Works 

and the Suffolk County Department of 

Health Services 

Palynology and Stratigraphy of Cretaceous and 

Pleistocene Sediments on Long Island, 

New York-A Basis for Correlation with 

New Jersey Coastal Plain Sediments 

By L. A. SIRKIN 

u.s. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 

Prepared in cooperation with the 

Nassau County Department of Public Works 

and the Suffolk County Department of 

Health Services 

1559 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1986 
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

DONALD PAUL HODEL, Serretary 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 

Sirkin, Leslie A. 

Palynology and stratigraphy of Cretaceous and Pleistocene sediments on Long Island, 

New York-a basis for correlation with New Jersey coastal plain sediments. 

(U.S. Geological Survey bulletiin; 1559) 

"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and 

Suffolk County Department of Health Services." 

Bibliography: p. 27 

Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1559 

1. Palynology-New York (State)-Long Island. 2. Palynology-New Jersey. 

3. Geology, Stratigraphic-Cretaceous. 4. Geology, Stratigraphic-Pleistocene. 

5. Geology-New York (State)-Long Island. 6. Geology-New Jersey. I. Title. 

II. Series: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1559. 

QE75.B9 no. 1559 557.3 s [561 '.13'0974721] 84-600343 [QE993] 

For sale by the Boob and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, 

Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 
CONTENTS 

Page 

~bstract --------------------------------------------------------- 1 

Introduction ------------------------------------------------------ 1 

~se and scope ---------------------------------------------- 1 

Previous studies ------------------------------------------------ 2 

~ethods ------------------------------------------------------ 4 

~cknowledgments ---------------------------------------------- 4 

Stratigraphy ------------------------------------------------------ 6 

Palynology -------------------------------------------------------- 6 

Well 829776 in Melville ----------------------------------------- 6 

Well S27739 in Wyandanch -------------------------------------- 9 

Well S24769 in Brentwood --------------------------------------- 13 

Well S24772 in Brentwood --------------------------------------- 14 

Well S22910 in Brentwood --------------------------------------- 14 

Well S22577 in Ronkonkoma ------------------------------------- 15 

Well S33379 near Lake Ronkonkoma------------------------------ 15 

Well S52490 in Terryville ---------------------------------------- 17 

Wells S6409 and S6434 in Brookhaven ---------------------------- 17 

Well S30271 near Riverhead ------------------------------------- 18 

Well 821091 on Fire Island -------------------------------------- 19 

Well S52162 on Smith Point ------------------------------------- 20 

Discussion -------------------------------------------------------- 23 

Stratigraphic correlations ---------------------------------------- 23 

Structural implications ------------------------------------------ 25 

Conclusions ------------------------------------------------------- 26 

References cited --------------------------------------------------- 27 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

Page 

FIGURE 1. Map of Long Island showing locations of wells -------------- 3 

2. Geologic sections of study area --------------------------- 8 

3. Stratigraphic distribution of Late Cretaceous index angiosperm 

pollen in core samples from Suffolk County wells and correlation 

with sediments of the Raritan embayment of New Jersey--- 11 

iii 
IV CONTENTS 

TABLES 

Page 

TABLE 1. Pollen zones of the Upper Cretaceous sediments in Long Island and 

correlation with sediments of the Raritan embayment of New Jersey 5 

2. List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples -------- 32 

CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

The following conversion factors may be used to convert the units given in this report 

to metric units. 

Multiply 

foot (ft) 

mile (mi) 

By 

0.3048 

1.609 

DATUM 

To obtain 

meter (m) 

kilometer (km) 

NGVD of 1929, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, formerly called mean sea 

level. All land-surface elevations reported herein are in feet above NGVD of 1929. NGVD 

of 1929 is referred to as sea level in this report. 
PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF 

CRETACEOUS AND PLEISTOCENE 

SEDIMENTS ON LONG ISLAND, 

NEW YORK-A BASIS FOR 

CORRELATION WITH NEW JERSEY 

COASTAL PLAIN SEDIMENTS 

By L. A. SIRKIN 

ABSTRACT 

Palynology of sediments from 13 test wells in Suffolk County forms the basis for 

biostratigraphic zonation of the Late Cretaceous of much of Long Island and correlation with the Raritan embayment in New Jersey. The oldest polleniferous strata correlate with those in the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan Formation (Cenomanian 

Age) in New Jersey, equivalent to pollen zone IV. Depending on the age of the confining clay layers, the Lloyd aquifer in Long Island is equivalent to the Farrington Sand 

Member in the lower part of the Raritan, Sayreville Sand Member in the middle part 

of the Raritan, or Old Bridge Sand Member in the lower part of the Magothy Formation in New Jersey. The most widespread pollen zones are V (equivalent to the South 

Amboy Fire Clay Member of the Raritan), VII (equivalent to the Amboy Stoneware 

Clay Member of the Magothy), and CA -1 (equivalent to the informally named Morgan 

and Cliffwood beds of the Magothy) in New Jersey. Sediments equivalent to thesequence of Merchantville Formation through Mount Laurel Sand (Campanian) in New 

Jersey are revealed in zones CA-2 through CA-5. Strata in the Monmouth Group in 

Long Island are associated with pollen zones MA-1/CA-6, thereby extending correlations to the Maestrichtian Navesink Formation and Red Band Sand of the Monmouth 

Group in New Jersey. 

The Upper Cretaceous sediments are found in a troughlike structure that dips 

southward under the Long Island platform. Upper Pleistocene sediments overlie the 

Cretaceous units and include beds generally named the Gardiners Clay. These beds contain pollen of temperate floras, but their stratigraphy remains problematical. 

INTRODUCTION 

PURPOSE AND SCOPE 

Identification of stratigraphic zones on the basis of fossil content 

is an important geologic method for areal correlation of sedimentary 
2 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

deposits where lithologic correlation is ambiguous. This study was 

undertaken to (1) provide detailed stratigraphic information on the 

Upper Cretaceous rocks of Long Island and (2) correlate Upper 

Cretaceous rocks on Long Island with the Cretaceous formations of 

the Raritan embayment of northeastern New Jersey, where the same 

pollen zones have been recognized in deposits rich in organic matter. 

The correlation is based on an evolving palynomorph zonation that 

revises stratigraphic interpretations. The application of the pollen 

zonation to the Upper Cretaceous sequence of Long Island clarifies 

the stratigraphic succession and links its stratigraphy with that of 

the mid-Atlantic region. Core samples from a row of 11 test wells 

(fig. 1) spanning western and central Suffolk County were analyzed 

from 1977 to 1980; two additional well sections in southern Suffolk 

County were included for correlation and evaluation. The uppermost 

samples in several boreholes are Pleistocene in age and have been included in this study. 

PREVIOUS STUDIES 

Geologists and hydrologists who have studied the Long Island 

region have long relied on lithic correlations as the basis for identifying rock units and aquifers. The recurrence of similar rock types in 

most wells has facilitated regional correlations at the stratigraphic 

group level and has also led to simplified interpretations of the geology, 

as typified by the geologic section depicted in Jensen and Soren (1974, 

sheet 1, hydrogeologic sections). 

Since the mid-1950's, Cretaceous deposits in the mid-Atlantic 

Coastal Plain have been analyzed for pollen and spore content. A 

biostratigraphic zonation for the Early Cretaceous was initially proposed by Brenner (1963), who noted a distinct difference in pollen and 

spore assemblages between the Lower Cretaceous Potomac Group and 

the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous Raritan Formation of 

Maryland. 

The development of a palynologic zonation for the Late Cretaceous 

(table 1) was enhanced by evolutionary changes of increasing complexity seen in the Cretaceous angiosperm pollen and the gradual 

emergence of pollen with more modern characteristics. Palynologic 

zonations for the Late Cretaceous have been made in several worksfor example, Doyle (1969), Sirkin (1974), Wolfe (1976), and Christopher 

(1979); the last named covers the major contributions in this field since 

1973. Other contributors to Late Cretaceous biostratigraphy are Wolfe 

and Pakiser (1971), Doyle and Robbins (1977), and Christopher (1977). 

To a large degree, these studies are based on works by Owens and 

others (1968, 1970, 1977) and Owens and Sohl (1969), who established 
45' 30' 15' 73°00' 45' 

7 c::::;=; IV 

/ / 

YORK .,./"'CONNECTICUT 

sov~D 

\~ n/ t..J\~D lS 

41°00' 

p. 'fl>,..~'fl c 

30' 

v I 

15' 72°00' 

__ :::J--- I 

EXPLANATION 

30271. Well and identification number. 

Prefix N for Nassau County 

or S for Suffolk County are 

omitted 

0 5 10 20 MILES 

l""i""l 1111 I 111 11 I I 

0 5 1 0 20 30 KILOMETERS 

40°30' L--_____ ...__ _____ ...__ _____ ..___ _____ ..___ _____ ..___ _____ ..___ _____ ..___ _____ _,__ __ _, 

FIGURE 1.-Long Island, showing locations of wells used in this study and trend of geologic sections shown in figure 2. 

~ 

z 

~ 

~ t:l 

~ 

~ ~ 

0 

z 

~ 
4 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

the physical stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous formations and 

delineated field relationships and type sections throughout this region. 

The most complete pollen assemblages have been derived from surface exposures or type sections of the Upper Cretaceous formations, 

particularly where lignite beds are found. Such beds represent 

wetlands in the vicinity of sea level and have produced varied and 

abundant pollen assemblages (Christopher, 1979). Because lignite beds 

are uncommon in well sections from the downdip and more deeply 

buried marine sediments of the Long Island platform, large concentrations of pollen and complete assemblages are not always available. 

In marine sediments, palynomorph zones are likely to be based on 

"first appearance of a species," as used in Wolfe and Pakiser (1971) 

and Sirkin (1974). 

Clay and organically rich sediments of Pleistocene age lie between 

Upper Cretaceous strata and the overlying glacial deposits. The clay 

beds are generally included in the Gardiners Clay. However, this unit 

has not been dated. Analysis of samples from four wells provides data 

on pollen content for a more detailed study in the future. 

METHODS 

Core samples used in this study were obtained by the U.S. Geological 

Survey office in Syosset, Long Island, and were made available to the 

author. The cores are stored in the Survey's core library in Syosset. 

Samples were processed by means of standard palynologic techniques 

but emphasis was on heavy liquid flotation for retrieving pollen from 

clastic sediments. Identification of pollen taxa is based on taxonomic 

descriptions and illustrations in the literature, especially the references 

cited herein. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

This study was conducted as an adjunct to studies of the 

hydrogeology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties; the author is indebted to colleagues in the U.S. Geological Survey for their assistance in administering this project and providing core samples for 

analysis. Special thanks are extended to Edward Bradley (U.S. 

Geological Survey, now retired) for his aid at the inception of the 

study and early support for the project, and to Eleanora Robbins 

(U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.) for her review of palynological 

results. 
TABLE 1.-Pollen zones of the Upper Cretaceous sediments in Long Island and correlation with sediments of the Raritan embayment of New 

Jersey 

[Data are from published sources discussed in text] 

Formations and 

groups recognized 

in Long Island 

and New Jersey 

Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic 

units, New Jersey 

MONMOUTH GROUP ------Red Bank Sand 

Navesink Formation 

Mount Laurel Sand 

MATAWAN GROUP -------Wenonah Formation 

Marshalltown Formation 

Englishtown Formation 

Woodbury Clay 

Merchantville Formation 

MAGOTHY FORMATION ---Cliffwood beds 

Morgan beds 

Amboy Stoneware Clay Member 

Old Bridge Sand Member 

RARITAN FORMATION ----South Amboy Fire Clay Member 

Sayreville Sand Member 

Woodbridge Clay Member 

Farrington Sand Member 

Long Island 

pollen zones 

MA-1/CA-6 

MA-1/CA-6 

CA-5 

CA-5 

CA-5 

CA-4 

CA-3 

CA-2 

CA-l 

Pseudoplicapollis cuneataSemioculopollis verrucosa 

VII 

Pseudoplicapollis longiannulata-Plicapollis incisa 

v 

ComplexiopollisSantalacites minor 

IV 

ComplexiopollisAtlantopollis 

Stage 

Maestrichtian and Campanian 

Maestrichtian and Campanian 

Campanian 

Campanian 

Campanian 

Campanian 

Campanian 

Campanian 

Santonian 

Santonian 

Turonian 

Cenomanian 

z 

~ 

~ tj 

c:: 

Q 

...... 

0 

z 

01 
6 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

STRATIGRAPHY 

Long Island is underlain by a wedge-shaped mass of unconsolidated 

sedimentary deposits that overlie unconsolidated bedrock. The 

bedrock dips southeast from near sea level in northwest Queens 

County to about 2,000 ft below sea level in parts of Suffolk County's 

south shore. The lower unconsolidated deposits are of Cretaceous age 

and dip southeast also. They are mantled nearly everywhere on Long 

Island by Quaternary glacial deposits. 

Within the hydrologic system of Long Island, the basal Cretaceous 

sand deposits are traditionally recognized as a hydrologic unit and 

are referred to collectively as the Lloyd Sand Member of the Raritan 

Formation, or simply as the Lloyd aquifer. The clay sequence that 

forms a confining bed over the Lloyd aquifer has been referred to as 

the Raritan clay, or the clay member of the Raritan. The body of 

Cretaceous sand and clay overlying the Raritan is generally placed 

in the Magothy Formation, or the Magothy Formation-Matawan 

Group, undifferentiated (Perlmutter and Todd, 1965). 

At the top of the Cretaceous section, a greensand unit of the Monmouth Group, undivided, the so-called Monmouth greensand, may contain an aquifer, as inferred from a study of Late Cretaceous 

Foraminifera in these sediments by Perlmutter and Todd (1965). The 

overlying sediments are of Pleistocene age and have been hydrologically designated as the upper glacial aquifer, which may include one 

or more thin clay beds. The most prevalent of these clay beds is referred to as the Gardiners Clay-a marine clay presumably of 

Sangamon age. The above stratigraphic interpretations are revised, 

in part, in this report. 

PALYNOLOGY 

Lithologic logs of 13 wells in central and eastern Long Island were 

zoned on the basis of pollen content; the pollen zones and enclosing 

strata were then correlated with the formations of New Jersey. The 

east-west geologic section, which includes the Late Cretaceous pollen 

zones, is shown in figure 2; table 1 correlates these pollen zones with 

the stratigraphic names in New Jersey. The stratigraphic distribution of Late Cretaceous index pollen is given in figure 3. A list of index pollen in each well sample is given in table 2. 

WELL 829776 IN MEL VILLE 

Nine samples from well S29776, from depths ranging from 246 to 

841 ft below land surface (elevation 195 ft above sea level), have 
PALYNOLOGY 7 

significant pollen assemblages. The deepest clay sample, 1 from 840 

to 841 ft, contains several species of tricolporate and triporate pollen, 

especially species of the common Late Cretaceous genus Complexiopollis as the main index palynomorph. Complexiopollis species identifications are based on Tschudy (1973) and Christopher (1979). The 

significant number of Complexiopollis spp. indicates a Raritan age 

for this sample. In the absence of more advanced triporate forms, this 

bed is equivalent in age to at least pollen zone IV and the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis zone of Christopher (1979). Thus, a correlation 

of these sediments with the Woodbridge Clay and Sayreville Sand 

Members of the Raritan Formation in the Raritan embayment of 

New Jersey is suggested. This age is substantiated in the assemblage in the succeeding sample (835-836 ft), where Atlantopollis is 

common and is found with several species of Complexiopollis. Both 

samples also contain a variety of small tricolpate and tricolporate 

forms and a small tetrad form, all of which are typical of the pollen 

in the Woodbridge Clay Member. The sample from 835-836 ft also 

has a number of gymnosperm genera among which bisaccates, pollen 

grains formed of a body cell and two sacs (vesicles or bladders), are 

dominant. 

Above a relatively barren sequence between 831 and 805 ft, the clay 

sample from 785-786 ft has a sparse assemblage containing one 

specimen each of Plicapollis and Minorpollis. Both forms are found 

in the South Amboy Fire Clay Member of the Raritan Formation in 

New Jersey as "first appearance" indices of pollen zone V and typically 

range into the Magothy Formation. If this sample is an equivalent 

in age to the South Amboy Fire Clay Member, then the preceding barren sequence probably corresponds to the Sayreville Sand Member 

of the Raritan. Similarly, the barren zone between 764 and 466ft could 

represent the equivalent, in part, of the Old Bridge Sand Member of 

the Magothy Formation. This correlation is supported by the following data, which show that the succeeding sediments can contain a 

younger Magothy zone. 

The sample from 466-44 7 ft has a more complex pollen assemblage, 

which includes Pseudoplicapollis, Plicapollis, Trudopollis, Momipites 

(similar to Momipites sp. L of Christopher, 1979), Proteacidites, and 

Christopher's (1979) "New Genus D," as well as Complexiopollis. 

Several of these forms are prevalent in pollen zone VII of the late 

Magothy, particularly in the Amboy Stoneware Clay Member. 

However, the presence of Momipites sp. L and Proteacidites, genus 

PR-1 of Wolfe (1976), suggests a latest Magothy age, possibly 

equivalent to Morgan or Cliffwood beds (informal usage) of the 

1Sediment types are compared with geologists' logs in Soren (1971). 
(X) 

A A' 

CD 

..... 0') 0') N 0 0') 0 ..... (") CD a;,... 0') ..... 0') B B' '1::1 ..... ..... ..... (") '<t cri''<t N '<t ..... 200--, > ..... '<t H (") N 

~~ ~ a; ... N N N 200 N (") It) 

N CD t"'l 0 

o1N~~4"= l l l l 0 N ~ l (") N It) z T 0 0 

t"'l p 0 

0) 200 200 0 

N ~ 0) 

3:~ > z g 0 400 400 t:1 ~~ CA2 

::> CAl ~ ~ ~ 600 VII 600 ~ <(O > W....J 

><( ~ 

~ ~ 800 800 

-

0 <(5: ~ 

tu~ M > ~ ~ 1000 1000 '1::1 

t- ::t:: zw v -o :< R g 81200 1200 t"'l 

i=(!) 0 <(....J p Pleistocene sediments z ><( 0 ~ Q 1400 M 1400 Magothy Formation 

~ R Raritan Formation 

-

00 

z t"'l 

1600 VII Pollen zone, level, or interval 1600 > --Top of Magothy Formation z 

t:1 

1800 -I 0 5 10 15 MILES -- Sample horizon, dashed where inferred R 1800 II I I I I I I I II il I I I v 0 5 10 15 20 KILOMETERS 

2000 _.J ..L L 2000 
PALYNOLOGY 9 

Magothy in New Jersey and therefore correlative with Christopher's 

(1979) ? Pseudoplicapollis cuneata-Semioculopollis verrucosa zone, 

although specimens of the latter taxon were not found. 

The pollen assemblage from the 426-428-ft depth also supports a 

latest Magothy age, particularly in the presence of several species of 

Pseudoplicapollis, including ?Pseudoplicapollis cuneata, P. longiannulata, P. endocuspis, P. sp. E, Osculapollis, Complexiopollis, 

Momipites, including M tenuopollis, M sp. I, and M fragilis, a robust 

form of Christopher's "New Genus D" and (or) Triatriopollenites, 

?Labrapollis sp. D., and Minorpollis. Although the ? PseudoplicapollisSemioculopollis zone is a possible choice here, even though 

Semioculopollis was not observed, this horizon might be more appropriately placed in pollen zone CA-l of Wolfe (1976). Similarly, the 

sample from 406-408 ft, which contains many of the same forms as 

426-428 ft, has specimens of Ulmaceaepollenites, Betulaceoipollenites ?, the tricolpate form Retitricolpites sp. F, and the tricolporate 

genus CP3A-2. Wolfe (1976) found both of the tricolpate forms in the 

Woodbury Clay, which he assigned to pollen zone CA-3. It is possible that the 406-408-ft layer is significantly younger-that is, middle 

Campanian-than the 426-428-ft layer, which might be early 

Campanian. 

A Late Cretaceous age can also be indicated for the highest samples 

in this section. The sample from 266-268 ft contains the tricolporate 

genera Brevicolporites and Holkopollenites, and Retitricolpites, and 

the sample from 246-248 ft has Brevicolporites (CP3F-1 of Wolfe, 

1976), along with the triporates cited above. The latter sample also 

contains Momipites fragilis, Proteacidites (genus PR-1), and a betuloid 

form. This bed may reach as high as pollen zone MA -1/CA -6 and 

thereby represent an equivalent of the Navesink Formation in New 

Jersey. 

WELL S27739 AT WYANDANCH 

Samples from well 827739 (fig. 1) were found at depths ranging from 

95 to 907 ft below land-surface elevation (140 ft). The lowest clay 

..,... FIGURE 2.-Geologic sections A -A' and B -B '. Lines of correlation between wells are 

based on pollen zonation and indicate tentative correlations between zones in intervening wells. Well elevations have been adjusted to land-surface elevation above 

sea level. The two south-shore well sections (well 821091 on barrier island and well 

852162 on the mainland) are plotted to the right of the cross section and show the 

succession of Cretaceous pollen zones from oldest (V in 821091) to youngest 

(MA-1/CA-6 in 852162). (Well locations are shown in fig. 1; boundaries between 

all stratigraphic units are not shown.) 
10 

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PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

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PALYNOLOGY 

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12 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

sample available for study and another sample that contains abundant pollen are from a depth of 905 to 907 ft. The indicator pollen at 

this depth are species of Complexiopollis and Atlantopollis, which 

provide a ready correlation with the zone IV pollen assemblage. Zone 

IV is the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis zone of Christopher (1979), 

but was found in the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan 

Formation in the Raritan embayment of New Jersey. Samples from 

this zone were not available from 807 to 905 ft, and the next two 

samples, from 805-807 ft and 685-687 ft, both of which are sand, are 

barren. 

A marked change in the pollen content was noted in the sample from 

565-567 ft as an increase in number and type of triaperturate pollen. 

The assemblage includes Brevicolporites sp. A and sp. B and species 

of Holkopollenites, as well as triporate species (for example, Proteacidites, compare with PR-2 of Wolfe (1976), and a Momipites-type 

such as Engelhardtia). On the basis of Wolfe's (1976) criteria for the 

Campanian and Maestrichtian pollen zones of the Raritan embayment, 

this sample could represent the Campanian zone, CA-2, or a somewhat 

younger zone. 

The next polleniferous sample is at 395-397 ft, where Momipites 

is found with Proteacidites genus PR-1, Praebasopollis, Complexiopollis spp., Pseudoplicapollis, Vacuopollis, Brevicolporites spp., 

Holkopollenites sp., and a multiporate form, possibly Casuarinidites, 

which Wolfe (1976) found in the Wenonah Formation. This assemblage 

is consistent with a still younger Campanian zone. 

The middle-to-late Campanian age that is assumed for the section 

from 395 to 567 ft is supported by the appearance in the sample from 

355-357 ft of Holkopollenites chemardensis and Plicatopollis sp., compare with genus NN-2, both of which Wolfe (1976) found in the Monmouth Formation (of former usage) of the Salisbury embayment. A 

Campanian zone CA -5 age appears to be reasonable here, although 

a MA-1/CA-6 correlation is also possible. Samples from 335-337 ft 

and 315-317 ft have similar assemblages, especially in the tricolporate 

forms, and contain numerous specimens of the CP3B type, of which 

Tricolporites sp. B is abundant. 

Samples from 215 ft, 115-117 ft, and 95-97 ft have much the 

same representation but have abundant Brevicolporites spp., 

Holkopollenites, and a variety of triporate species. The uppermost 

sample (95-97 ft) contains a range of triporate forms, including 

those in the Betulaceae. This uppermost section can be placed in 

the MA -1/CA -6 pollen zone. The fact that index pollen of Tertiary 

age were not found indicates that Tertiary strata are not present 

here. 
PALYNOLOGY 13 

WELL 824769 IN BRENTWOOD 

The section in well 824 769, one of several wells from Brentwood, 

yielded five samples from depths between 160 and 848ft below landsurface elevation (138ft). The clay sample from 846-848 ft has abundant spores and gymnosperm pollen but only a few tricolpate and 

tricolporate angiosperm forms. The most advanced of the triaperturates are in the CP3A-3 genus of Wolfe (1976). Although no 

triporates were found, the tricolporate forms indicate a Raritan age 

for this layer. 

The pollen record contains a gap of nearly 380 ft between the lowest 

sample and the sample from 466-468 ft. In the clay at this level, 

Pseudoplicapollis sp., Triatriopollenites, and Complexiopollis abditus 

are the triporate index genera along with the tricolporates Brevicolporites and Holkopollenites. This assemblage may be assigned to the 

late Magothy and suggests a correlation with Wolfe's (1976) Campanian pollen zone CA-l and Christopher's (1979) ?PseudoplicapollisSemioculopollis zone. As such, this part of the core could represent 

an equivalent of the Cliffwood beds of the Magothy in the New Jersey 

section. 

The sample from 386-387 ft has abundant pollen assemblage in 

which all major groups are well represented. The tricolporate and 

triporate pollen, however, are the definitive forms. Holkopollenites and 

Brevicolporites sp. A and sp. B are rare here, whereas Complexiopollis 

sp., Pseudoplicapollis sp., Praebasopollis or genus NI -1 of Wolfe 

(1976), Choanopollenites, Pecakipollis, Momipites, and a quadraporate 

form, probably Casuarinidites, make up the assemblage. A late Campanian age is suggested for this layer, possibly as high as pollen zone 

MA-1/CA-6. 

The succeeding polleniferous sample from 246-248 ft adds CP3B, 

Holkopollenites chemardensis, Betulaceoipollenites, Proteacidites, and 

Triatriopollenites to the list of advanced Cretaceous forms. A tentative 

Maestrichtian age is indicated for this horizon. 

The uppermost sample in this section contains a pollen and spore 

flora that is distinctly different from that of the preceding samples. 

This level has a late Pleistocene pollen assemblage, composed 

predominantly of tree and shrub species, including pine (Pinus, two 

sizes), birch (two or three species of Betula or related genera), alder 

(Alnus), and trace amounts of pollen of several deciduous trees. Pollen 

of herbs are sparse, but spores of Sphagnum and Lycopodium are 

abundant. The aboreal assemblage, as well as the abundance of these 

spore genera, indicate a cool-temperate vegetation and wetland 

habitats, which represent a nonglacial environment comparable to the 

pine pollen zone-subzone B2 of the postglacial, post-Wisconsinan. 
14 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

This bed, 160 ft beneath glacial overburden, could be a middle Wisconsinan equivalent of the Portwashingtonian warm interval, which is 

an informal designation for an interstade in the Wisconsinan about 

30,000 years ago (Sirkin and Stuckenrath, 1980), or a possible 

Sangamon age, Gardiners Clay, equivalent. Stratigraphic studies of 

Long Island would be clarified if the age of this bed were determined 

more precisely. 

WELL 824772 IN BRENTWOOD 

The pollen zonation of the well S24772 section is based on three 

samples taken between 567 and 727ft below land-surface elevation 

(120 ft). The deepest of these, from 726-727 ft, contains palynomorphs 

typical of the ? Pseudoplicapollis cuneata-Semioculopollis verrucosa 

zone in the presence of Pseudoplicapollis along with Intratriporopollenites, Minorpollis, Complexiopollis, and Momipites sp. 

A. Thus, this horizon apparently correlates with the Morgan and Cliffwood beds of the late Magothy in New Jersey. The 626-627 ft sample has only one indicator specimen, Complexiopollis sp. F, which 

ranges from the uppermost Raritan through the Magothy. 

In the uppermost sample from this section, 566-567 ft, a more 

advanced pollen spectrum appears with the tricolpate genus 

Retitricolpites, represented by three species, the tricolporate 

Brevicolporites, six species of the triporate Complexiopollis, Minorpollis spp., "New Genus D" of Christopher (1979), genus NU-l of 

Wolfe (1976), and Momipites sp. These advanced forms indicate a Campanian age, possibly equivalent to pollen zone CA-2 or CA-3, and a 

correlation with the Merchantville Formation and Woodbury Clay in 

New Jersey. 

WELL S22910 IN BRENTWOOD 

In well S22910, 12 samples were first studied. However, the basal 

section, from 705 to 915ft below land-surface elevation (about 160ft), 

was barren. Pollen data from seven samples are available from 665 ft 

upward to 215ft. The sample from 665ft contains two stratigraphically important tricolporate genera, Brevicolporites sp. and Holkopollenites sp. A, along with several triporate forms, including 

Complexiopollis and Triatriopollenites. These triaperatuate genera are 

in an assemblage dominated by spores and gymnosperm pollen. A 

Campanian-age pollen zone CA-2 or CA -3 and a Woodbury Clay correlation are suggested in this clay bed. Choanopollenites and several 

species of Complexiopollis appear in the pollen flora in the sample from 

625 ft, and Momipites sp. in the sample from 605 ft. 
PALYNOLOGY 15 

The uppermost Cretaceous strata may be found between 525 and 

365 ft in this section, as indicated by the presence of Momipites, Proteacidites, and Betulaceoipollenites at 525 ft. Also, the sample from 

405ft includes Casuarinidites and Primipollis, and the sample from 

365 ft has Betulaceoipollenites and Endoinfundibulapollis. 

A distinct change in pollen taxa is seen in the sample from 215 ft. 

At this level, a few Pleistocene forms were observed in the birch and 

Compositae pollen, the best represented forms. 

WELL 822577 IN RONKONKOMA 

Unlike the previous sections, in which abundant index pollen were 

recorded, the section from well 822577 (elevation 61 ft) has not contributed significantly to the stratigraphic interpretation of the 

Cretaceous in central Long Island. Even though many of the samples 

are barren or badly degraded, enough triaperturate pollen was found 

at 895-897 ft and 876-877 ft to indicate a Late Cretaceous age for 

these sediments, which places this section within the limits of the Late 

Cretaceous correlations (fig. 2). 

WELL 833379 NEAR LAKE RONKONKOMA 

Well 833379 is one of the longer sections sampled. The 26 samples 

selected for processing represent the section between 450 and 1,500 ft 

below land-surface elevation (134 ft). Only three of these samples, 

450 ft, 739-7 40 ft, and 928~929 ft, are barren. 

The sample from 1,500 ft contains several tricolpate and tricolporate 

forms, including the small, triangular Tricolporopollenites triangulus 

and a variety of tricolpates, such as Retitricolpites sp. D of Christopher 

(1978) (genus C3A-5 of Wolfe, 1976). A Raritan age is indicated here, 

probably pollen zone IV, equivalent to the Woodbridge Clay Member. 

At the 1,265-1,267-ft depth, several additional triaperturate forms 

appear in the clay unit, including another Retitricolpites species, R. 

sp. A (or genus C3A-1). The most advanced pollen here are Complexiopollis sp. and Plicapollis sp., which are the basis for assigning a late 

Raritan, pollen zone V, age to this stratum. No major changes are seen 

in the assemblages in samples from 1,243-1,245 ft or 1,220-1,222 ft, 

in which another retitricolpate (genus C3A) form and Complexiopollis 

appear in a suite of pollen dominated by bisaccate gymnosoperm 

pollen. 

In the sample from 1,176-1,178 ft, both Complexiopollis and a 

coarsely verrucate Atlantopollis, compare with A. verrucosa, were 

counted. Samples from 1,154-1,156 ft, 1,108-1,110 ft, 1,041-1,042 ft, 

and 1,018-1,019 ft also contain this assemblage, with the addition of 
16 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

Brevicolporites at 1,041-1,042 ft. Although the sequence from 1,018 

to 1,267 ft might be readily assigned to the Woodbridge Clay Member 

of the Raritan on the basis of the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis zonal 

affinity, zone IV was recognized in the 1,500 ft level and zone Vat 

1,256-1,267 ft, where Plicapollis first appears. Furthermore, 

Holkopollenites is found at 1,198-1,200 ft, and Retitricolpites and 

Brevicolporites are in the gymnosperm-dominated assemblage at 

1,041-1,042 ft. Thus, because of the persistence of Complexiopollis 

andAtlantopollis, the pollen assemblage could be misleading in terms 

of zonation. The addition of more advanced forms indicates that a zone 

V age is more likely for the section between 1,018 and 1,267 ft. The 

sample containing a zone IV assemblage at 1,500 ft then correlates 

with the typical Raritan Formation stratigraphic sequence of the 

Woodbridge Clay Member, and the samples between 1,267 and 1,500 ft 

then correlate with the Sayreville Sand Member. The interval from 

1,081 to 1,267 ft then correlates with the South Amboy Fire Clay 

Member, although the South Amboy is nowhere that thick in the 

Raritan embayment to the south. On the basis of lithological and 

palynological data, the South Amboy Fire Clay Member could be 

represented from 1,222 to 1,267 ft. The section from 1,018 to 1,222 

might include the Old Bridge Sand and Amboy Stoneware Clay 

Members of the Magothy Formation, and contain pollen zone VII. 

Above 928 ft, the angiosperm pollen include more advanced taxa. 

Several species of Complexiopollis, including C. abditus, are found at 

869-870 ft along with Minorpollis and Praebasopollis. These forms 

are consistent with pollen zone VII and possible correlation with the 

Amboy Stoneware Clay Member of the Magothy in the Raritan embayment. However, the guide fossils of the PseudoplicapollisPlicapollis assemblage zone, established by Christopher (1979) for this 

bed, are not present. 

In the sample from 802-803 ft, Pseudoplicapollis and 

Choanopollenites compare with genus NA-2 of Wolfe (1976), and 

Trivestibulopollenites and Pecakipollis are found along with a coarsely 

reticulated Holkopollenites(?) species and Brevicolporites. This 

sample also contains numerous specimens of an hystrichosphaerid 

dinoflagellate. A late Magothy pollen zone CA -1 age is suggested 

for this bed, with a possible equivalence to the Morgan or Cliffwood 

beds. 

The sample from 780-782 ft also contains Proteacidites (PR-6), a 

betuloid form (Trivestibulopollenites ?), and a unique stephanocolpate 

form. The sample may be assigned to a post-Magothy zone, possibly 

within the CA-2 to CA-3 interval, and therefore may be equivalent 

to the Merchantville or Woodbury strata in New Jersey. 

No significantly different triporates, except perhaps Trudopollis, 

appear between 712 and 760 ft. At 688-689 ft, Holkopollenites is found 
PALYNOLOGY 17 

with Momipites, Choanopollenites, theNormapolles genera NU-l and 

NP-2 (Vacuopollis), and an advanced triporate form (compare with 

Caryapollenites). A late Campanian age, possibly pollen zone CA-4 

or higher, may be assigned to this interval. Similarly, the overlying 

section would, by superposition, be stratigraphically younger-that 

is, equivalent to zones CA-5 and MA-1/CA-6, respectively. For example, Proteacidites, Betulaceoipollenites, lntratriporopollenites, and 

Retitricolpites appear at 645-64 7 ft, and Momipites is in the triporatetricolporate assemblage at 4 72-4 73 ft. 

WELL S52490 IN TERRYVILLE 

One sample from a depth of 390 ft below land-surface elevation 

(137ft) in well S52490 indicates a Late Cretaceous age for the section. This sample contains several tricolporate forms, including 

Tricolporites sp. B (genus CP3B-8) and genus CP3A, as well as the 

triporates Pseudoplicapollis sp. and Complexiopollis sp. These forms 

suggest a late Magothy to early Campanian age, possibly equivalent 

to the Morgan or Cliffwood beds in pollen zone CA -1, or else to the 

Campanian zones CA-2 and CA -3, which would indicate a Merchantville Formation or Woodbury Clay correlation. This section is considerably north of the line formed by the Suffolk County wells 

described previously. 

WELLS S6409 AND S6434 IN BROOKHAVEN 

The physical stratigraphy at these test wells, S6409 and S6434, 

drilled from land-surface elevations of 110ft and 85ft, respectively, 

was initially studied by de Laguna (1963), who recognized the Lloyd 

Sand Member and overlying clay member of the Raritan Formation, 

the "basal Magothy(?)," and the "Magothy(?)" as stratigraphic units 

in the well sections. Core samples from these wells were studied by 

Steeves (1959), who found that pollen of dicotyledonous angiosperms 

represented as much as 82 percent of the total of pollen and spores 

above the 400-ft depth and that numerous advanced forms, such as 

Betulaceae, J uglandaceae, Myrtaceae, and Rhamnaceae, among 

others, were represented. Below 400ft, pollen of both angiosperms 

and gymnosperms decrease to levels between 38 and 7 5 percent. A 

further reduction in these groups to 24 percent was noted below 

1,050 ft. 

The Brookhaven samples were reviewed by J. A. Doyle (U.S. 

Geological Survey, written commun., 1973). Although more recent 

studies on the Late Cretaceous zonation have been made, Doyle's notes 

indicate that several of the index genera and assemblages may be 
18 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

found in the Brookhaven sediments. Newer interpretations, together 

with Steeves (1959) and Doyle's observations, confirm that (1) the entire section is of Late Cretaceous age, and Complexiopollis is found 

as low as 1,400 ft, and (2) the Raritan-Magothy boundary is as deep 

as 1,200 ft, where numerous genera including Choanopollenites spp., 

Complexiopollis spp. (probably with C. abditus and C. longiannulata), 

and Santalacites, associated with the Complexiopollis-Santalacites 

zone of Christopher (1979), were observed. The section from 800 to 

600 ft (or possibly 700 ft) contains a late Magothy pollen assemblage, 

including C. abditus, Plicapollis, Minorpollis, Momipites, Pseudoplicapollis, Proteacidites, Brevicolporites, "Retitricoilpites," and Intratriporopollenites, similar to those described by Christopher (1979). The 

Campanian pollen assemblages characteristic of zones CA-2 through 

CA-5 of Wolfe (1976) may be found in the secton between 600 and 

200 ft, including Brevicolporites, Casuarinidites, Choanopollenites, 

Holkopollenites, Intratriporopollenites, Minorpollis, and Myracoid 

forms, whereas the uppermost zone, MA -1/CA -6, apparently is found 

in sediments from 200 ft in well S6409. 

WELL S30271 NEAR RIVERHEAD 

The 16 samples analyzed from well S30271 were found at depths 

ranging from 964 to 120ft below land-surface elevation (26ft); eight 

of these samples are barren, including the lower part of the section 

from 964 to 666 ft. Most of the remaining samples contain usable 

assemblages of pollen and spores. 

The pollen assemblage in the sample from 604 ft is sparse and contains only four triaperturate specimens, the most advanced of which 

is the triporate Triatriopollenites. The pollen indicates that this interval may be assigned to pollen zone VII, possibly as an equivalent 

of the Amboy Stoneware Clay Member of the Magothy Formation. 

In the clay sample from 564 ft, spores and pollen are well represented. 

The most significant forms are a species of Retitricolpites, three 

species of Complexiopollis, including C. abditus, and a triporate form, 

probably Betulaceoipollenites. This level either may be a late Magothy 

equivalent of pollen zone CA -1 or may represent the Merchantville 

Formation and Woodbury Clay slightly higher in the section and zones 

CA-2 to CA-3. 

The sample from 444 ft contains additional representation in the 

triporates, such as Minorpollis and Intratriporopollenites. A possible 

correlation can be made with pollen zone CA-4 of Wolfe (1976). 

Additional triporates are also noted in the sample from 405 ft, but 

in general the affinities are with the Campanian pollen zones, perhaps CA-4. 
PALYNOLOGY 19 

Although the sample from 384 ft is similar in triporate content to 

the sample from 405 ft, the advanced tricolporate genus 

Brevicolporites appears here. Thus, a younger pollen zone may be 

inferred-perhaps zone CA-5. Above this level, no advanced forms 

of zonal significance are found in the Upper Cretaceous sediments. 

Although the two samples from 264 ft and 224 ft are barren, 

lithologically a Red Bank or Navesink, zone MA -1/CA -6, correlation 

is suggested. 

The sediments from 120 to 140ft, however, contain a PleistoceneHolocene assemblage represented by oak (Quercus), birch, black gum 

(Nyssa), poplar (Populus), hickory (Carya), sweet gum (Liquidambar), 

elm (Ulmus), alder, and pine in the arboreal pollen group, and grass 

(Gramineae), ragweed (Ambrosia), Polygonum, andAmaranthus in the 

nonarboreal pollen. This sample is Pleistocene in age and may be a 

Gardiners Clay equivalent or a deposit of middle Wisconsinan or Portwashingtonian age (Sirkin and Stuckenrath, 1980). The pollen 

assemblage indicates a temperate climate and an oak-hickory forest 

association. 

WELL 821091 ON FIRE ISLAND 

Two additional wells (S21091 and S52162) incorporated in this study 

are on or near the south shore of Long Island, south of the line of section, and reveal a thick sequence of sediments between land-surface 

elevation (10ft) and bedrock. The Fire Island well is on the barrier 

beach and penetrates a stratigraphic section of nearly 2,000 ft. The 

initial palynologic study of this well indicated that the entire section 

was of Late Cretaceous age, that the lowest samples are in pollen zone 

V, and that the section may correlate with the South Amboy Fire Clay 

Member of the Raritan Formation in New Jersey (Sirkin, 1974). The 

use of the first appearance of triaperturate angiosperm pollen made 

the zonation of this section and the correlation of the stratigraphy 

with the Raritan embayment a possibility. The publication of recent 

studies (Christopher 1977, 1978; Doyle and Robbins, 1977; Wolfe, 

1976) relevant to this stratigraphy make it possible at this time to 

revise the zonation of S21091, particularly in the late Magothy and 

Campanian units where the distribution of tricolporate and triporate 

pollen genera is better known. 

The deepest pollen-bearing sediments, represented by the samples 

from 1,800 ft and 1,873 ft, contain several important triporate genera 

such as Complexiopollis spp., including C. abditus, Plicapolllis, 

Triatriopollenites, and Vacuopollis (or Osculapollis), and the 

tricolporate, Brevicolporites. The assignment of this interval to pollen 

zone V and its correlation with the South Amboy Fire Clay Member 
20 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

of the late Raritan Formation of the Raritan embayment by Sirkin 

(1974) are substantiated by the ranges of these genera as determined 

or reaffirmed by Christopher (1979). 

Similarly, the abundant and varied spectra in the section between 

1,440 and 1,585 ft indicate a Magothy age. The polleniferous finegrained sediments at 1,585 ft provide a triaperturate angiosperm 

pollen assemblage that includes Complexiopollis spp., Plicapollis spp., 

Proteacidites, Triatripollenites, Trivestibulopollenites, Momipites, 

Praebasopollis, Pseudoplicapollis, Trudopollis, and Pecakipollis. Most 

of these forms are associated with the Magothy Formation and appear in the Amboy Stoneware Clay Member. Species of Holkopollenites and Brevicolporites are found at 1,560 ft, and Choanopollenites 

and ?Pseudoplicapollis cuneata are in the 1500-ft sample. Although 

it is reasonable to include this entire sequence in pollen zone VII, the 

presence of these taxa indicate that the boundary between the Amboy 

Stoneware Clay Member and the Morgan and Cliffwood beds of the 

late Magothy is below 1,500 ft rather than at 1,400 ft, the level selected 

by Perry and others (197 5) for this member. 

Although a few thin clay beds are logged in the section above 

1,400 ft (for example, at 1,380, 1,285, 1,260, and 1,225 ft), they do not 

contain diagnostic or abundant assemblages. The sample from 1,178 ft 

contains few pollen, in which Momipites, Complexiopollis, and Brevicolporites represent the advanced forms. 

Because of the lack of pollen data and the coarse, clastic nature of 

the sediments between 1,170 and 695ft, the Magothy-Merchantville 

boundary cannot be determined here. The increase in pollen abundance 

above 695 ft and taxa found as high as 240 ft indicate that the section between 695 and 240 ft is in the Campanian. The resurgence of 

abundant Holkopolenites and Breviocolporites species at 580 ft suggests an equivalence to pollen zone CA -5 and to the Marshalltown 

and Wenonah Formations. 

Campanian zonal boundaries between 240 and 1,440 ft can be tentatively assigned on comparison with the stratigraphy of the other 

wells in this study. Thus, the section from 1,440(?) ft through 695ft 

apparently correlates with the Cliffwood, Merchantville, and Woodbury units and pollen zones CA -1 through CA -3; the section from 

665 to 595 ft with the Englishtown Formation and CA -4; and that 

from 595 to 490ft with the Wenonah Formation and zone CA-5. The 

Navesink and Red Bank units and pollen zones MA-1/CA-6 would 

then be incorporated in the 440- to 240-ft section. 

WELL S52162 ON SMITH POINT 

Well S52162 was cored to a depth of 1,711 ft below land-surface 

elevation (about 10ft) and sampled from 1,659 to 146ft. The deepest 
PALYNOLOGY 21 

of the 41 samples taken for pollen analysis is from 1,657-1,659 ft 

and has a rich spore, gymnosperm, and triaperturate pollen 

assemblage. The tricolpate C3A and C3C type (from Wolfe, 1976) are 

common, along with a few thick-walled tricolporate forms such as 

Holkopollenites. Although triporates constitute only a small percentage of the pollen sum, they are represented by several genera, such 

as Trudopollis, Proteacidites, Praebasopollis, and Minorpollis. It 

is apparent that this sample, from deep in a sandy part of the section, contains advanced angiosperm pollen of Late Cretaceous 

age, probably as young as late Magothy. The pollen spectrum falls 

in pollen zone VII but could range as high as the Campanian zone, 

CA-l. 

The succeeding samples, from 1,595-1,597 and 1,534-1,536 ft, do 

not contain significant index forms. However, the samples from 

1,470-1,471, 1,439-1,440, and 1,380-1,381 ft, which are incorporated 

in a clay and silt sequence, include species of Complexiopollis 

and Holkopollenites. Tricolporate and triporate angiosperm pollen 

represent over half of the total number of pollen in the sample 

from 1,255-1,256 ft. Several varieties of the genus CP3B of Wolfe 

(1976) appear at this level along with Holkopollenites in the 

tricolporates and Retitricolpites in the tricolpates. Triporate genera 

include species of Complexiopollis; for example, C. abditus, 

Choanopollenites, Plicapollis, and a possible Pseudoplicapollis species. 

An early Campanian pollen zone, CA -1 or CA-2, is indicated for this 

level. 

In the overlying sample from 1,222-1,223 ft, the tricolporate form 

Tricolporites sp., which was designated CP3B-4 by Wolfe (1976), 

appears. Several Tricolporites species also are present in the 1,159-

1,160 ft level, including several specimens of CP3B-8, along with 

Brevicolporites (CP3F), Holkopollenites (CP3D), and Tricolporopollenites spp. The triporates continue in diversity with Complexiopollis 

spp., including C. abditus, Plicapollis, Pseudoplicapollis, Trudopollis, 

and Choanopollenites. This horizon indicates an early Campanian age, 

a time when, according to Wolfe (1976), tricolporate forms flourished. 

In the predominantly sandy sequence from 1,064 to 939ft, fewer 

pollen are found, although the assemblages show little change. For 

example, Vacuopollis and Minorpollis appear in the triporate group 

in sample 1,063-1,064 ft. Pseudoplicapolis endocuspis, Praebasopollis, 

Triatriopollenites, and Trivestibulopollenites are in the 1,001-1,002 ft 

level, along with abundant, small triangular tricolporates. At 970-

972 ft, where bisaccate gymnosperm pollen are the most varied and 

abundant forms, the triporate Intratriporopollenites and the tricolpate Retitricolpites are added to the assemblage. The clay sample 

from 938-939 ft has a signicant number and species of triporates, 

mainly the persistent forms Plicapollis, Complexiopollis spp., and 
22 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

Pseudoplicapollis. Praebasopollis, Pecakipollis, Trudopollis, Proteacidites compare with P. sp. B. (or genus PR-2); Retitricolpites sp. 

D., Holkopollenites sp., and the CP3B-8 form are all also important 

in this assemblage. Similarly, the lignite-streaked clay samples at 

780-782 ft and 750-752 ft have the Pseudoplicapollis-Complexiopollis 

dominated microflora, with most of the above triporates and the addition of Extremipollis and Minorpollis. At the 720-722 ft level, 

Vacuopollis is again present and Momipites appears. The diversity 

of the triporate and tricolporate forms indicate a Campanian ageperhaps CA-3 to CA-4-for this section, although it incorporates a 

greater thickness than comparable strata in New Jersey. However, 

this sequence probably does include the equivalent of the Woodbury 

Clay. 

Traces of lignite are present in the sand of the sample from 

688-690 ft. At this level, Endoinfundibulapollis (genus NM -1 of Wolfe, 

1976) is found in the predominantly triporate assemblage, along with 

most of the triaperturates cited above, as well as Triatriopollenites 

and Proteacidites (compare with genera NQ-1, PR-7). A possible Campanian zone, CA -4, is reasonable here, and a resulting correlation with 

the Englishtown Formation may be inferred. 

Triporate representation declines somewhat in the 626-628 ft 

sample, a banded sand with traces of lignite. Of note here is the 

introduction of Trisectoris, which Wolfe (1976) found in the Wenonah 

Formation and Monmouth Formation (of former usage) or Group 

and a betuloid pollen grain. If this first appearance is accurate, a 

correlation can be made between this level and pollen zone CA-5. 

In the sandy section between 598 and 190 ft, most of the triaperturate species that have already been cited are found in the 

Complexiopollis-Plicapollis assemblage. However, Retitricolpites 

spp., such as R. spp. C, E, and F, Holkopollenites spp., including 

H. chemardensis, and Brevicolporites sp. are increasingly prominent. Samples from 596-598 and 534-535 ft have particularly 

good representation of the genera cited, but the triaperturate pollen population declines between 504 and 377 ft. Momites, 

Betulaceoipollenites, and Trisectoris are in the sample from 534-

535 ft. Trisectoris again appears at 405-409 ft, and Momipites 

sp. (compare with M microfoveolatus) is in the sample from 377-

379 ft. 

Momipites is common in the upper samples, alone at 222-224 ft, 

with a betuloid form at 253-255 ft, and with Trisectoris at 190-192 ft. 

In the 190-192-ft sample, a specimen of Caryapollenites was found. 

Also of significance is the presence of a dinoflagellate, Svalbardella 

lidiae, which is limited to the Navarro Group of Maestrichtian age 

in Texas, according to Zaitzeff and Cross (1970). 
DISCUSSION 23 

This upper section (598 to 190 ft) possibly can be included in pollen 

zone MA-1/CA-6 of Wolfe (1976) on the basis of the pollen evidence, 

and would, therefore, be Maestrichtian in age and would correlate with 

the Navesink Formation and the Red Bank Sand in the Raritan embayment. Although the sand at the 190-192-ft level is gray and could 

be a marine facies of the red beds, a greensand that contains 

Foraminifera does appear at 223-224 ft. Glauconitic sand at this 

stratigraphic level in Long Island wells commonly is referred to as 

Monmouth greensand, from the work of Perlmutter and Todd (1965). 

The uppermost sample in this well, at 146-147 ft, contains a sparse 

mixture of Cretaceous and Pleistocene-Holocene forms. These latter 

pollen types include pine, Ericaceae, elm, and grass, and provide a 

probable late Pleistocene age (Sangamon or Portwashingtonian) for 

this sediment. 

DISCUSSION 

STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS 

From figure 1 it can be inferred that the Early Cretaceous is not 

represented in sections in Long Island. The oldest pollen zones are 

of Raritan age, equivalent to the Woodbridge Clay or the South Amboy Fire Clay Members in New Jersey. The pollen data indicate that 

the oldest beds are present in well sections S29776 and S27739 to the 

west, and in 833379, the deepest well, in the central part of the traverse 

(fig. 1). Furthermore, the oldest strata are equivalent in age to pollen 

zone IV and the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan Formation 

in New Jersey. 

Stratigraphic equivalents of both the Woodbridge Clay and South 

Amboy Fire Clay Members of the Raritan in New Jersey may be present as thin clay units in the Lloyd Sand Member of the Raritan in 

Long Island. The overlying clay member of the Raritan in Long Island 

may be equivalent to the South Amboy Fire Clay Member of the 

Raritan or the Amboy Stoneware Clay Member of the Magothy in New 

Jersey; consequently, the Lloyd Sand Member becomes a "floating" 

stratigraphic unit that could be the correlative of the Farrington Sand 

Member in the lower part of the Raritan, the Sayreville Sand Member 

in the middle part of the Raritan, or the Old Bridge Sand Member 

of the Magothy in New Jersey, depending on the age of the overlying 

confining clay member of the Raritan in Long Island. 

Through the application of pollen stratigraphy, the age of a clay 

unit in a sand sequence as well as that of a clay unit capping thesequence can be determined. In the present study it has been possible 
24 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

to more consistently locate the top of both the Raritan and the 

Magothy Formations. Identification of the top of the Magothy also 

provides a basis for subdividing the Magothy Formation-Matawan 

Group undifferentiated as used in Long Island, and, to some extent, 

the Matawan Group undivided, itself. 

The Late Cretaceous Campanian and Maestrichtian pollen zones and 

equivalent rock units definitely are in the Long Island subsurface, and 

a broad geologic structure dominates the Long Island platform. As 

Owens and others (1970) have shown, several formations (Merchantville through Mount Laurel) in the Raritan embayment of northeastern 

New Jersey are recognized in the Salisbury embayment in the northern Delmarva Peninsula. These units have been assigned a Campanian age by Owens and others (1970), and this age is supported by 

the pollen zonation of Wolfe (1976). However, the lateral variation in 

depositional facies in this sequence results in considerable variation 

in sediment type between the Raritan embayment and the Long Island 

platform. 

Some formations can be identified by lithology and pollen zones. 

For example, the Woodbury Clay equivalent, which contains the 

assemblage of pollen zone CA-3 of Wolfe (1976), has been identified 

in this study in several sections. Location of this horizon also lends 

support to the selection of the position of the boundary between the 

Magothy Formation and the Merchantville Formation equivalent in 

the Matawan. Because boundaries of the individual formations of the 

Campanian are set with much less certainty, units are grouped. Where 

diagnostic pollen are abundant, however, there is still a good correlation of the Campanian zones. 

Zone CA-l, which is assigned to the Morgan and Cliffwood beds 

of the late Magothy by Wolfe (1976), appears in most of the well sections. This zone is set off from pollen zone CA-2 and therefore provides additional data for establishing the Magothy-Merchantville 

boundary. Zones CA-2 and CA-3 generally are separated lithologically where the Woodbury Clay is evident. Similarly, pollen zones 

CA -4 and CA -5 are not readily differentiated, mainly because the 

pollen evidence is incomplete. Zone MA -1/CA -6, however, is more 

readily determined from pollen content, as the so-called Monmouth 

greensand in Long Island is identified where present on the basis of 

lithology. 

Sediments containing Pleistocene pollen assemblages define the upper limits of the Cretaceous strata and show that Tertiary sediments 

are not present in the sequences studied. 

Only Pleistocene deposits, mainly outwash, have been found to 

directly overlie the Cretaceous strata. Marine sediments or sediments 

rich in organic matter are uncommon in the glacial units. However, 

in four wells, S24769, S22910, S30271, and S52162 (fig. 2), polleniferous 
DISCUSSION 25 

sediments of late Pleistocene age were found. In general practice, these 

sediments have been placed in the Gardiners Clay. This clay bed is 

generally believed to be a marine deposit that originated during a high 

stand of the sea in the Sangamon interglacial stage. Recent studies 

of some presumed Gardiners Clay samples and of similar clay 

elsewhere on Long Island and in New England have shown that some 

of the clay beds may be of freshwater lacustrine origin and that some 

may be Wisconsinan in age (Gustavson, 1976; Lonnie, 1977; Sirkin 

and Stuckenrath, 1980; and Sirkin, 1982). 

The depth of burial of the clay samples, for example, to 215ft in 

well S22910, indicates that the clay beds may be older than the last 

glaciation in late Wisconsinan or Woodfordian time (Sirkin, 1968, 1971, 

1982; Sirkin and Mills, 1975; Sirkin and Stuckenrath, 1980). The pollen 

assemblages in the four samples differ somewhat but generally indicate vegetation of temperate environments. In three of the samples, 

pine or birch are dominant, and in one section, S30271, oak is the most 

abundant pollen, along with birch and forest taxa of warm-temperate 

environments. In the Atlantic Coastal Plain, temperate environments 

and relatively high stands of the sea occurred during the Sangamon 

and the early and middle Wisconsinan (Owens and Denny, 1979; Sirkin, 

1977; and Sirkin and Stuckenrath, 1980). Thus, the Pleistocene 

assemblages described in this study could represent episodes and environments of deposition other than those traditionally associated with 

the Gardiners Clay. Further study is necessary to more adequately 

characterize these units. 

STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS 

As figure 2 indicates, all identified horizons conform to a general 

synclinal structure for the Long Island strata For example, the Campanian pollen zones are found at much deeper levels in the central sections of Long Island, such as at wells S22910, S22577, and S33379, 

than in the eastern or western sections. Although the pollen zones in 

wells S6409 and S6434, farther east, are inferred from earlier studies, 

the S30271 section still farther east provides support for the same 

overall pattern-that is, pollen zones VII through MA-1/CA-6 are 

at higher elevations at this well, particularly compared with the zones 

at well S33379. The more southerly sections, well S21091 on Fire 

Island and S52162 at Smith Point, also contain the zoned lithofacies 

but at greater depths than in the landward wells, which indicates that 

the structure either deepens or dips southward toward the Continental Shelf. The late Raritan pollen zone V, associated with the South 

Amboy Fire Clay Member, and pollen zone VII of the Amboy 

Stoneware Clay Member of the Magothy Formation of New Jersey, 
26 PALYNOWGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, WNG ISLAND 

are found in most of the wells and consistently enough to indicate the 

presence of a structural downwarping that may have affected the mode 

of deposition. 

The consistent and orderly appearance of the sequential pollen zones 

in the numerous wells studied here indicates that the sediments were 

deposited into a depression in the marine platform. Pollen evidence 

shows that deposition began early in the Late Cretaceous, or at least 

as early as middle Cenomanian time, and concluded in the Maestrichtian. The fact that Tertiary sediments were not found in this study 

suggests recession of the sea and deposition of Tertiary units farther 

out on the shelf. Although it was not the purpose of this study to determine whether formation of the structure accompanied or preceded 

sedimentation, the thickening of the Upper Cretaceous units, as defined by the pollen zonation, in the central part of the depression (for 

example in wells S33379 and S52162, fig 2) suggests deposition into 

a subsiding trough. Also, a fault may be indicated by the offset of 

pollen zones in the middle of well S24769 (fig. 2) and from zones of 

the same age in wells S27739 and S24772. Movement on a fault contemporaneous with deposition could account for subsidence of part 

of the Long Island platform and might be related to the reactivation 

of a basement structure, such as an early Paleozoic fault or a Triassic 

graben. 

CONCLUSIONS 

The palynologic zonation that has been developed from sections 

along the Atlantic coastal margin for New Jersey and Long Island 

is useful in correlating the stratigraphy of the Cretaceous of Long 

Island. Cretaceous sediments from 13 test wells across central and 

eastern Long Island contain pollen that range in age from middle 

Cenomanian to Maestrichtian. Furthermore, assemblages provide correlations with the Upper Cretaceous strata of the Raritan embayment 

to the south in New Jersey. The oldest Cretaceous sediments on Long 

Island contain pollen of zone IV and are equivalent to the Woodbridge 

Clay Member of the Raritan Formation in New Jersey. Succeeding 

sediments correlate with zone V and the South Amboy Fire Clay 

Member of the Raritan; with zone VII and the Amboy Stoneware Clay 

Member of the Magothy Formation; with zone CA -1 of the Morgan 

and Cliffwood beds (informal usage) in the upper part of the Magothy; 

with zones CA-2 through CA-5 in strata correlative with the Merchantville Formation through Mount Laurel Sand; and with zones 

MA-1/CA-6 correlative with the Navesink Formation and Red Bank 

Sand in New Jersey. 
REFERENCES CITED 27 

The sediments on the Long Island platform were deposited in a basin 

or troughlike structure that dips to the south. Whether the structure 

represents downwarping or a fault basin has not been determined. The 

absence of Lower Cretaceous sediments in the sections suggests that 

the area was inactive or undergoing erosion until Late Cretaceous time. 

Downwarping or reactivation of a grabenlike structure and filling in 

of the basin occurred in the Late Cretaceous. 

Upper Pleistocene sediments in these sections contain pollen spectra that indicate vegetation in a temperate climatic setting. However, 

the stratigraphic age of these strata has not been determined with 

certainty. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Brenner, G.J., 1963, The spores and pollen of the Potomac Group of Maryland: State 

of Maryland Department of Geology, Mines, and Water Resources Bulletin 27, 

215 p. 

Christopher, R.A., 1977, Selected Normapolles pollen genera and the age of the Raritan 

and Magothy Formations (Upper Cretaeous) of northern New Jersey, in Owens, J.P., 

Sohl, N.F., and Minard, J.P., eds., A field guide to Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary 

beds of the Raritan and Salisbury embayments, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland: 

American Association of Petroleum Geologists/SEPM, Annual Meeting Guidebook, 

Washington, D.C., June 12-16, 1977, p. 58-69. 

__ 1978, Quantitative palynologic correlation of three Campanian and Maestrichtian sectons (Upper Cretaceous) from the Atlantic Coastal Plain: Palynology, v. 2, 

p. 1-27. 

__ 1979, Normapolles and triporate pollen assemblages from the Raritan and 

Magothy formations (Upper Cretaceous) of New Jersey: Palynology, v. 3, p. 73-121. 

de Laguna, Wallace, 1963, Geology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, 

Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1156-A, 35 p. 

Doyle, J.A., 1969, Cretaceous angiosperm pollen of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and its 

evolutionary significance: Harvard University, Arnold Arboretum Journal, v. 50, no. 

1, p. 1-3~ . 

Doyle, J.A., and Robbins, E.l., 1977, Angiosperm pollen zonation of the continental 

Cretaceous of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and its application to deep wells in the 

Salisbury Embayment: Palynology, v. 1, p. 43-78., 

Gustavson, T.C., 1976, Paleotemperature analysis of the marine Pleistocene of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 87, p. 1-8. 

Jensen, H.M., and Soren, Julian, 1974, Hydrogeology of Suffolk County, Long Island, 

New York: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-501. 

Lonnie, T.P., 1977, A mineralogical study of Long Island clays: Garden City, N.Y., 

Adelphi University, unpublished Master's thesis, 44 p. 

Owens, J.P., and Denny, C.S., 1979, Upper Cenozoic deposits of the central Delmarva 

Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 

1067-A, 28 p. 

Owens, J.P., Minard, J.P., and Sohl, N.F., 1968, Cretaceous deltas in the northern New 

Jersey Coastal Plain, in Finks, R.M. ed., Guidebook to field excursions: New York 

State Geological Association, 40th annual meeting, p. 33-48. 
28 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

Owens, J.P., Minard, J.P. Sohl, N.F., and Mello, J.F., 1970, Stratigraphy of the outcropping post-Magothy Upper Cretaceous formations in southern New Jersey and 

northern Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 67 4, 60 p. 

Owens, J.P., and Sohl, N.F., 1969, Shelf and deltaic environments in the CretaceousTertiary formations of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, in Subitzky, S., ed., Geology 

of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook of excursions: New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press, p. 236-278. 

Owens, J.P., Sohl, N.F., and Minard, J.P., 1977, Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary beds 

of the Raritan and Salisbury embayments, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, in 

Owens, J.P., Sohl, N.F., and Minard, J.P., eds., A field guide to Cretaceous and Lower 

Tertiary beds of the Raritan and Salisbury embayments, New Jersey, Delaware, and 

Maryland: Washington, D.C., American Association of Petroleum Geologists/SEPM, 

Annual Meeting Guidebook, June 12-16, 1977, p. 1-57. 

Perlmutter, N.M., and Todd, Ruth, 1965, Correlation and Foraminifera of the Monmouth 

Group (Upper Cretaceous), Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 483-1, 24 p., 6 pis. 

Perry, W.J., Jr., Minard, J.P., Weed, E.G.A., Robbins, E.I., and Rhodehamel, E.C., 1975, 

Stratigraphy of Atlantic Coastal Margin of United States north of Cape HatterasBrief survey: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 59, no. 9, 

p. 1529-1548. 

Sirkin, L.A., 1968, Geology, geomorphology and late-glacial environments of western 

Long Island, New York, in Finks, R.M., ed., Guidebook to field excursions: New York 

State Geological Association, 40th annual meeting, p. 233-253. 

__ 1971, Surficial glacial deposits and postglacial pollen stratigraphy in central Long 

Island, New York: Pollen et Spores, v. 13, no. 1, p. 93-100. 

__ 197 4, Palynology and stratigraphy of Cretaceous strata in Long Island, New York, 

and Block Island, Rhode Island; U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 2, 

no. 4, p. 431-440. 

__ 1977, Late Pleistocene vegetation and environments in the middle Atlantic region, 

in Newman, W.S., and Salwen, Bert, eds., Amerinds and their paleoenvironments in 

northeastern North America: New York Academy of Sciences Annals, v. 288, 

p. 206-212. 

__ 1982, Wisconsinan glaciation of Long Island, New York, to Block Island, Rhode 

Island, in Larson, G.J., and Stone, B.D., eds., Late Wisconsinan Glaciation of New 

England: Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt, p. 35-59. 

Sirkin, L.A., and Mills, Herb, 1975, Wisconsinan glacial stratigraphy and structure of 

northwestern Long Island, in Wolff, M.P., ed., Guidebook to Field Excursions: New 

York State Geological Association, 47th annual meeting, p. 299-327. 

Sirkin, L.A., and Stuckenrath, Robert, 1980, The Portwashingtonian warm interval in 

the northern Atlantic coastal plain: Geological Society of America Bulletin, pt. I, v. 

91, p. 332-336. 

Soren, Julian, 1971, Results of subsurface exploration in the mid-island area of western 

Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: Long Island Water Resources Bulletin 1, 

60 p., 6 pl. 

Steeves, M.W., 1959, Pollen and spores of the Raritan and Magothy Formations 

(Cretaceous) of Long Island: Harvard University, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 169 p. 

Tschudy, R.H., 1973, Complexiopollis pollen lineage in Mississippi embayment rocks: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 743-C, 15 p. 

Wolfe, J.A., 1976, Stratigraphic distribution of some pollen types from the Campanian 

and lower Maestrichtian rocks (Upper Cretaceous) of the Middle Atlantic States: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 977, 18 p. 
REFERENCES CITED 29 

Wolfe, J.A., and Pakiser, H.M., 1971, Stratigraphic interpretation of some Cretaceous 

microfossil floras of the Middle Atlantic States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 750-B, p. B35-B47. 

Zaitzeff, J.B., and Cross, A.T., 1970, The use of dinoflagellates and acritarchs for zonation and correlation of the Navarro Group (Maestrichtian) of Texas, in Kosanke, R.M., 

and Cross, A.T., eds., Symposium on Palynology of the Late Cretaceous and Early 

Tertiary: Geological Society of America Special Paper 127, p. 341-377. 

TABLE 2 
32 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples 

(Terms in parentheses designate correlative genera of Wolfe, 1976; depth interval is in feet below land surface) 

Depth interval 

246 - 248 ft 

266 - 268 ft 

406 - 408 ft 

426 - 428 ft 

Name 

WELL 529776 AT MELVILLE 

Brevicolporites sp. B Christopher 1978 (CP3F-2) 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Momipites fragilis Frederiksen and Christopher 1978 

Proteacidites sp. B Christopher 1978 (PR-1) 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

New Genus D sp. Christopher 1979 

Brevicolporites sp. A Christopher 1978 (CP3F-1) 

Brevicolporites sp. _:[Christopher 1978 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Intratriporopollenites sp. 

Labrapollis sp. D Christopher 1979 

Momipites sp. -

Momipites sp. A Christopher 1979 

Momipites fragllis Frederiksen and Christopher 1978 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. A Christopher 1978 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. ~Christopher 1979 

?Pseudoplicapollis cuneata Christopher 1979 

Pseudoplicapollis e~is Tschudy 1975 

Retitricolpites sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Trudopollis sp. 

Betulaceoipollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. F Christopher 1979 

Momipites sp. -

New Genus D (Christopher, 1979) sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis longiannulata Tschudy 1975 

Pseudoplicapollis endocuspis Tschudy 1975 

""Retitricolpites" sp. F Christopher 1978 

Ulmaceaepollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Labrapollis sp. ~ Christopher 1979 

Momipites sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Momipites fragilis Frederiksen and Christopher 1978 

Momipites tenuipollis Group Frederiksen 1979 

Minorpollis sp. 

New Genus D sp. 

Osculapollis sp. A Christopher 1979 

Plicapollis sp. -

?Pseudoplicapollis cuneata Christopher 1979 

Pseudoplicapollis endocuspis Tschudy 1975 

Pseudoplicapollis longiannulata Christopher 1979 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. ~Christopher 1979 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 
TABLE 2 33 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

446 - 447 ft 

785 - 786 ft 

835 - 836 ft 

840 - 841 ft 

95 - 97 

115-117 

Name 

WELL 829776 AT MELVILLE (continued) 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Momipites sp. 

New Genus D (Christopher, 1979) sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Proteacidites sp. (PR-1) 

Trudopollis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Trudopollis sp. (NF-1) 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Atlantopollis sp. 

Antlantopollis verrucosa (Groot and Groot 1962) Goczan, 

Groot, Krutzsch and Pacltova 1967 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis sp. ! Christopher 

Complexiopollis sp. ~ Christopher 1979 

Complexiopo~lis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Complexiopollis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Complexiopollis funiculus Tschudy 1973 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. K Christopher 1979 

Complexiopollis sp. N Christopher 1979 

Complexiopollis sp. g Christopher 1979 

WELL 827739 AT WYANDANCH 

Betulaceae, one specimen 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Choanopollenites sp. (NA-7) 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Endoinfundibulapollis sp. 

Holkopollenites sp. {CP3D-2) 

Holkopollenites chemardensis Fairchild 1966 

Minorpollis sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Triatripollenites,sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. (NA-3) 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Holkopollenites chemardensis Fairchild 1966 

Momipites sp. 

Plicatopollis sp. (NN-2) 

Proteacidites sp. A Christopher 1978 (PR-7) 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Triatripollenites sp. 
34 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

215 ft 

315 - 317 ft 

335 - 337 ft 

355 - 357 ft 

Name 

WELL S27739 AT WYANDANCH--continued 

Brevicolporites sp. ~Christopher 1978 (CP3F-1) 

Brevicolporites sp. ! Christopher 1978 (CP3F-2) 

Choanopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites spp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Proteacidites sp. B Christopher 1978 (PR-1) 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. ~ Christopher 1978 

Brevicolporites sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Endoinfundibulapollis sp. 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Proteacidites sp. A Christopher 1978 (PR-7) 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ~Christopher 1978 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ~Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Tricolporites sp. ~ Christopher 1978 (CP3B-5) 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. ~Christopher 1978 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Holkopollenites chemardensis Fairchild 1966 

Retitricolpites sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Tricolporites sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 

Complexipollis spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Holkopollenites chemardensis Fairchild 1966 

Plicapollis sp. 

Plicatopollis sp. 

Porocolpopollenites sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 
TABLE 2 35 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

395 - 397 ft 

565 - 567 ft 

905 - 907 ft 

160 - 162 ft 

246 - 248 ft 

Name 

WELL S27739 AT WYANDANCH--continued 

Betulaceae, one specimen 

Brevicolporites sp. A Christopher 1978 

Brevicolporites sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Casuarinidites sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Endoinfundibulapollis sp. 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Proteacidites sp. B Christopher 1978 (PR-1) 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. A Christopher 1978 

Brevicolporites sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Porocolpopollenites sp. 

Proteacidites sp. (PR-2) 

~riatriopollenites sp. 

Atlantopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

WELL S24769 IN BRENTWOOD 

Pinus - 26 percent of the pollen sum 

Picea 2 percent 

Betulaceae - 32 percent 

Alnus - 14 percent 

Ulmus 4 percent 

Tilia 1 percent 

Ericaceae 2 percent 

Gramineae 3 percent 

Compositae - 3 percent 

Spores: Sphagnum - abundant 

Lycopodium - common 

Polypodiaceae - rare 

Betulaceoipollenites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopol1is spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Ho1kopol1enites 

Ho1kopollenites ~ 

sp. B Christopher 1978 

Holkopollenites chemardensis Fairchild 1966 

Intratriporopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Praebasopo1lis sp. 
36 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

386 - 387 ft 

466 - 468 ft 

846 - 848 ft 

566 - 567 ft 

626 - 627 ft 

726 - 727 

Name 

WELL S24769 IN BRENTWOOD--continued 

Proteacidites sp. 

Triatripollenites sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Brevicolporites sp. B Christopher 1978 

Choanopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Momipites 

Holkopollenites 

sp. 

~ 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexipollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites~ 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

CP3A-3 

Miscellaneous tricolporate forms 

WELL S24772 IN BRENTWOOD 

Brevico~rites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. A Christopher 1978 

Complexiopolli~ spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Intratriporopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Minorpollis minima Krutzsch 1959 

Minorpollis sp. ~Christopher 1978 

Momipites sp. A Christopher 1979 

New Genus D Christopher 1979 

_Porocolpopollenites sp. 

Proteacidites sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

.. Retitricolpites .. sp • .! Christopher 1978 

Rhoipteleaceae specimen? 

Triatriopollenit~s sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Atlantopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Heidelbergipollis sp. 

Minorpollis sp. ! Christopher 1979 

Momipites sp. ! Christopher 1979 

New Genus D Christopher 1979 

?Pseudoplicapollis cuneata Christopher 1979 
TABLE 2 37 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

215 ft 

365 ft 

405 ft 

525 ft 

605 ft 

Name 

WELL S22910 IN BRENTWOOD 

Betula 

Fagus 

Compositae 

Betulaceoipollenites sp. 

~omplexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Endoinfundibulapollis sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Pli capolli s s p. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Betulaceae, one specimen 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. A Christopher 1979 

Brevicolporites sp. Q Christopher 1979 

Casuarinidites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Heidelbergipolli~ 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Peeakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Primipollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

"Retitrico1pites" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Vaeuopollis sp. 

Betulaceoipollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Minorpollis sp. ---

Momipites sp. 

Proteacidites sp. 

Pseudoplieapollis sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites?~P3E-1) 

Holkopollenites sp. ! Christopher 1978 (CP3D-2) 

Momipites sp. 

Porocolpopollenites sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Retitricolpites sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 
38 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

625 ft 

665 ft 

472 - 473 ft 

559 - 560 ft 

645 - 647 ft 

688 - 689 

Name 

WELL 822910 IN BRENTWOOD--continued 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Choanopollenites sp. ~ Christopher 1978 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites? sp. (CP3E-l) 

Holkopollenites chemardensis Fairchild 1966 

Porocolpopollenites sp. 

Triatripollenites sp. (NP-2) 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. A Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

WELL 833379 NEAR LAKE RONKONKOMA 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Heidelbergipollis sp. 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Intratriporopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Porocolpopollenites sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ~ Christopher 1978 

"Retitricolpites" sp. B Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. !. Christopher 1978 

Betulaceoipollenites sp. 

Intratriporopollenites sp. 

Proteacidites sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Retitricolpites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. ~ Christopher 1978 

Caryapollenites sp. 

Choanopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexipollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Momipites sp. 

"Normapolles·· sp. (NU-l) 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Porocolpopollenites sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 
TABLE 2 39 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

712 ft 

758 ft 

780 - 782 ft 

802 ft 

869 - 870 ft 

1,018 - 1,019 ft 

1,041 ft 

1,108- 1,110 ft 

1,154- 1,156 ft 

1,176- 1,178 ft 

1,198 ft 

Name 

WELL S33379 NEAR LAKE RONKONKOMA--continued 

Retitricolpites sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. A Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. (NP-2) 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexipollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Porocolpopollenites sp. 

Retitricolpites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Trudopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Proteacidites sp. (PR-6) 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Choanopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Minorpollis sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1978 

Mi norpollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Atlantopollis verrucosa (Groot and Groot, 1962) Goczan, 

Groot, Krutzsch and Pacltova 1967 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Atlantopollis verrucosa (Groot and Groot, 1962) Goczan, 

Groot, Krutzsch and Pacltova 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Retitricolpites sp. 

"Retitricolpites"" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Atlantopollis verrucosa (Groot and Groot, 1962) Goczan, 

Groot, Krutzsch and Pacltova, 1967 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Retitricolpites sp. 
40 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

1,265 - 1,267 ft 

1' 500 ft 

120 - 140 ft 

384 ft 

405 ft 

444 ft 

564 ft 

604 

580 ft 

1,178 ft 

Name 

WELL S33379 NEAR LAKE RONKONKOMA--continued 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Porocolpopollenites sp • 

.. Retitricolpites .. sp. D Christopher 1978 (C3A-5) 

WELLS 6409 AND 6434 IN BROOKHAVEN 

Index palynomorphs listed in text. 

WELL S30271 NEAR RIVERHEAD 

Pinus (3 specimens), Betula (5), Alnus (1) Quercus (12), 

Ulmus (1), Carya (4), Populus (4), Nyssa (S~dambar 

(2), Castanea (1), Fraxinus (1), Potomogeton (5), 

Gramineae (5), Ambrosia (4), Rumex (1), Polygonum (2) 

Brevicolporites sp. ~ Christopher 1978 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Momipites spp. 

Momipites sp. A Christopher 1979 

PseudoplicapolTis sp. 

?Pseudoplicapollis cuneata Christopher 1979 

Pseudoplicapollis endocuspis Christopher 1979 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Intratriporopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Betulaceoipollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Retitricolpites sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

WELL 821091 ON FIRE ISLAND 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Holkopolleni tes sp. 

Brevi colporites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Momipites sp. 
TABLE 2 41 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

1,560 ft 

1,585 ft 

1,800- 1,873 ft 

146 - 147 ft 

190 - 192 ft 

222 - 224 ft 

253 - 255 ft 

377 - 379 ft 

407 - 409 ft 

Name 

WELL S21091 ON FIRE ISLAND--continued 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Choanopollenites sp. 

Holkopollenites sp. 

?Pseudoplicapollis cuneata Christopher 1979 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Momipites sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Proteacidites sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Plicapolis sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 

WELL S52162 ON SMITH POINT 

Pinus (1), Ericaceae (1), Ulmus (1), Gramineae (1) 

Caryapollenites sp. 

Momipites sp. (NK-3) 

Trisectoris sp. (MPD-2) 

Trudopollis sp. 

Dinoflagellate: Svalbardella lidiae 

Momipites strictus Frederiksen and Christopher 1978 

Betulaceoipollenites? 

Momipites spp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Momipites microfoveolatus Frederiksen and Christopher 

1978 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis spp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

Trisec:!_oris sp. (MPD-2) 
42 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

467 - 469 ft 

534 - 535 ft 

596 - 598 ft 

626 - 628 ft 

688 - 690 ft 

Name 

WELL S52162 ON SMITH POINT--continued 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Retitricolpites sp. 

Betulaceoipollenites sp. (N0-3) 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. C Christopher 1978 

"Retitricolpites" sp. f Christopher 1978 

Brevicolporites sp. 

Choanopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Holkopollenites chemardensis Fairchild 1966 

Momipites sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ! Christopher 1978 

"Retitricolpites" sp. F Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Betulaceae, one specimen 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Minorpollis sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Trisectoris sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 

Atlantopollis sp. 

Brevicolporites sp. ! Christopher 1978 (CP3F-1) 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Endoinfundibulapollis sp. (NM-1) 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Proteacidites sp. A Christopher 1978 (PR-7) 

Proteacidites sp. B Christopher 1978 )PR-1) 

Proteacidites sp. (NQ-1) 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. (NP-2) 

Trudopollis sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 
TABLE 2 43 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

720 - 722 ft 

750 - 752 ft 

780 - 782 ft 

938 - 939 ft 

970 - 972 ft 

Name 

WELL 852162 ON SMITH POINT--continued 

Betulaceae, one specimen 

Choanopollenites 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Momipites sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Extremipollis sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

"Retitricolpit~" sp. ~Christopher 1978 

Vacuopollis sp. 

Choanopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Extremipollis sp. 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

Proteacidites sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Choanopollenites sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Proteacidites sp. 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis spp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. D Christopher 1978 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Intratriporopollenites sp. 

Minorpollis sp. 

"Retitricolpites" sp. ~Christopher 1978 
44 PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY, LONG ISLAND 

TABLE 2.-List of index palynomorphs in Long Island well samples-Continued 

Depth interval 

1,001 - 1,002 ft 

1,063 - 1,064 ft 

1,159- 1,161 ft 

1,222 - 1,223 ft 

1,255- 1,256 ft 

1,380 - 1,381 ft 

1,439 - 1,440 ft 

1,470 ft 

1,657 - 1,659 ft 

Name 

WELL 852162 ON SMITH POINT--continued 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexiopollis abditu~ Tschudy 1973 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Pl~~[!_~ sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis endocuspis Tschudy 1975 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Triatriopollenites sp. 

Trivestibulopollenites sp. 

Vacu~~lis sp. ----

Complexiopollis sp. 

Complexi~oll~ abdit~~ Tschudy 1973 

Minorpollis sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Vacuopollis sp. 

Brevicolporit~ sp. 

Choan~?_lleni_!:..~ sp. 

Complexiopollis spp. 

ComplexJlopollis abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenit~ ;p:-.fchristopher 1978 

Pecakipollis sp. 

Plicapollis-sp. 

Pseudoplicapollis sp. 

Triatriop?_!_~nites sp. 

Trudopollis sp. 

Complexiopollts sp. 

Tricolporites sp. (CP3B-4) 

Choanopolleni tes sp. 

Complexiopollis sp. 

Co~l-~~<?_!.!_~ a bdi tus Ts'chudy 19 7 3 

Ho~ollenites sp. 

Plicapollis sp. 

Pseudoplic~_<?_!:_!_~~ sp. 

Atlantopollis sp. 

Compl~~opollis spp. 

Complexiopo~ abditus Tschudy 1973 

Holkopollenites sp. 

Minory_ollis sp. 

Porocolpopollenites sp. 

Praebasopollis sp. 

Proteacidites sp. 

~ofl:G;l;p. ~Christopher 1978 (NF-1) 

-It U.S. GOV~RNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1987 - 181-407 - 226/40055