FILED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

February 17, 2012

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

YVONNE E. RABON,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

MICHAEL J. ASTRUE, Commissioner

of Social Security,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 11-5078

(D.C. No. 4:09-CV-00756-TLW)

(N.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before HARTZ, ANDERSON, and BALDOCK, Circuit Judges.

Plaintiff Yvonne E. Rabon appeals from a district-court order upholding the

Commissioner’s denial of her application for supplemental security income

benefits. “We independently review the Commissioner’s decision to determine

whether it is free from legal error and supported by substantial evidence,”

although our review is limited to those matters preserved in the district-court

* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding

precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and

collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent

with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. 
proceedings and properly presented on appeal. Krauser v. Astrue, 638 F.3d 1324,

1326 (10th Cir. 2011). We affirm for the reasons discussed below. 

After a hearing in March 2009, the administrative law judge (ALJ) issued

her decision in June 2009, finding Plaintiff not disabled at step four of the

controlling five-step sequential analysis. See Fischer-Ross v. Barnhart, 431 F.3d

729, 731 (10th Cir. 2005) (summarizing five steps). The ALJ first confirmed that

Plaintiff had not worked since she applied for benefits on May 14, 2007. She

then found that Plaintiff had two severe impairments: (1) a fracture of her right

ankle that required surgery in April 2007 and (2) asthma/chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease. But she held that these impairments did not meet or equal the

listings for presumptive disability from joint disorders, 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404,

Subpt. P, App. 1, § 1.02, or asthma, id. § 3.03. According to the ALJ, these

impairments left Plaintiff with the residual functional capacity (RFC) to perform a

full range of light work, if not receiving excessive exposure to respiratory

irritants. Relying on the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) and associated

inquiries to the vocational expert (VE) who testified at the hearing, the ALJ

concluded that Plaintiff could still perform her past work as a hairdresser and thus

was not disabled. The Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review,

making the ALJ’s decision the Commissioner’s final decision for purposes of

judicial review. See Krauser, 638 F.3d at 1327. 

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CHALLENGES TO COMMISSIONER’S DECISION

Plaintiff advances two challenges to the Commissioner’s decision: (1) the

ALJ did not make a proper determination at step four of the sequential evaluation

process; and (2) the ALJ failed to make a proper determination of Plaintiff’s

credibility. Plaintiff’s briefing is not as straightforward and focused as this short

list might suggest, however, as she touches on a number of subsidiary matters and

interjects numerous passing objections in the course of discussing the two points

formally designated as error. We have considered all the arguments material to

our disposition, but we address here only those that merit explicit discussion. 

A. Step Four Determination

Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in her analysis at step four by failing

to include a limitation for depression in the RFC determination underlying her

inquiries to the VE at the hearing. We disagree. An ALJ need not question the

VE about limitations not substantiated by the evidence. See Decker v. Chater,

86 F.3d 953, 955 (10th Cir. 1996). That was the circumstance here. The ALJ did

not find an impairment based on depression, and the record supports that

determination. A few treatment notes from the months leading up to the hearing

reflect that Plaintiff had been prescribed Zoloft for depression; but there is no

evidence that this condition caused any work-related functional limitation.1

 A

1 Plaintiff’s reply brief suggests that her testimony at the hearing about poor

(continued...)

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“claimant must show more than the mere presence of a condition or ailment.” 

Hinkle v. Apfel, 132 F.3d 1349, 1352 (10th Cir. 1997); see also Higgs v. Bowen,

880 F.2d 860, 863 (6th Cir. 1988) (“The mere diagnosis of [a medical condition],

of course, says nothing about the severity of the condition.”). Plaintiff did not

show or even allege that depression had an adverse impact on her ability to work. 

Indeed, both she and her counsel effectively disclaimed any impairment in this

respect at the hearing before the ALJ.2

 In short, whether viewed as a matter of

1

(...continued)

school performance and limited math and reading skills reflects a functional

limitation from mental impairment. Not only does this argument come too late,

see Aviva Life & Annuity Co. v. F.D.I.C., 654 F.3d 1129, 1136 n.6 (10th Cir.

2011) (contention first raised in reply brief is waived), but also the testimony did

not relate to depression or any other claimed impairment (counsel was just asking

about skills Plaintiff acquired as a hairdresser that might transfer to other jobs). 

Plaintiff made a similarly inapt argument in the district court, referring to

statements she had made about being “hyper,” “hot headed,” and having a “short

[at]tention span” in a function report completed in May 2007. Aplt. App. Vol. 2

at 129-30. 

2 Counsel told the ALJ that plaintiff had two theories of disability, neither of

which included depression or mental impairment. Later, when examining

Plaintiff, counsel referred to ankle pain, shortness of breath, and drowsiness from

medication, and asked whether she had “any other problem,” to which she replied

“No.” Aplt. App. Vol. 2 at 34. Plaintiff later mentioned in passing that she had

been given medication for depression, but she did not say that this limited her in

any way or had anything to do with her disability claim, and counsel did not

pursue the matter. Finally, after the VE testified that Plaintiff could still work as

a hairdresser based on the RFC found by the ALJ, counsel questioned the VE at

some length but made no inquiries regarding the vocational effect of a depression

impairment. 

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waiver,3

 or just a matter of evidentiary deficiency, Plaintiff failed to substantiate

any work-related limitation that would have required inclusion in her RFC. 

We note that Plaintiff did not argue in the district court, nor does she

contend on appeal, that the ALJ erred by failing to develop additional evidence

relating to depression. Any issue in that regard has therefore been doubly waived. 

See Berna v. Chater, 101 F.3d 631, 632-33 (10th Cir. 1996). Given the effective

disavowal of any mental impairment at the hearing and the paucity of evidence

suggesting any such impairment, a duty-to-develop argument would not have been

promising in any event. See Wall v. Astrue, 561 F.3d 1048, 1062-63 (10th Cir.

2009). 

Finally, Plaintiff attempts to expand on her step-four objection by citing

Winfrey v. Chater, 92 F.3d 1017 (10th Cir. 1996), and arguing that the ALJ erred

by failing to compare the mental demands of her past work as a hairdresser to the

3 In Sims v. Apfel, 530 U.S. 103 (2000), a plurality held that social security

claimants “need not . . . exhaust issues in a request for review by the Appeals

Council in order to preserve judicial review of those issues.” Id. at 112. (Justice

O’Connor concurred on the limited basis that it was inappropriate to enforce a

waiver rule without notice, and the regulations suggested there was no such rule. 

See id. at 112-14.). The Court noted, however, that it was not deciding

“[w]hether a claimant must exhaust issues before the ALJ,” id. at 107; and some

later circuit decisions have ruled that an issue was waived by not being presented

to the ALJ. See Mills v. Apfel, 244 F.3d 1, 8 (1st Cir. 2001); see also Anderson v.

Barnhart, 344 F.3d 809, 814 (8th Cir. 2003) (applying waiver without expressly

distinguishing Sims). We need not resolve the ALJ-level waiver question here,

because Plaintiff’s belated claim of a mental impairment fails on the evidence in

any event. 

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mental limitations of her RFC.4

 But, as the magistrate judge explained, Plaintiff

never alleged that she had any mental impairment. Nor, as we noted above, does

the record demonstrate any mental impairment from depression. Hence the

predicate for this Winfrey argument is absent. 

B. Credibility

The ALJ found that Plaintiff’s “statements concerning the intensity,

persistence and limiting effects of [her impairments] are not credible to the extent

they are inconsistent with the [ALJ’s] residual functional capacity assessment.”

Aplt. App. Vol. 2 at 15. Plaintiff argues that this finding is inadequately

supported. 

“Credibility determinations are peculiarly the province of the finder of fact,

and we will not upset such determinations when supported by substantial

evidence. However, findings as to credibility should be closely and affirmatively

linked to substantial evidence and not just a conclusion in the guise of findings.” 

Hackett v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1168, 1173 (10th Cir. 2005)(citation, brackets, and

internal quotation marks omitted). The ALJ cited numerous grounds, tied to the

evidence, for her credibility finding, including: (1) Plaintiff engaged in daily

4 Plaintiff has not argued that the ALJ’s analysis of her physical impairments

violated Winfrey. She makes passing references to physical capabilities generally

being part of the analysis at step four; but she never frames her Winfrey objection

in terms of any deficiency in the matching of her physical limitations to the

demands of her past work. 

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activities of household cleaning, laundry, dishwashing, meal preparation, driving,

and caring for two young grandchildren who live with her; (2) the last

postoperative evaluations of her ankle, some 20 months before the hearing,

showed that the ankle was well-healed, her range of motion was well maintained,

and she was fully ambulatory; (3) inhalers provide relief for her asthma (although

she said that on four or five days a month she cannot exert herself); (4) aside from

maintaining her medications, she had not recently sought additional treatment for

her ankle or asthma5

; and (5) no treating or examining physician has noted any

specific restrictions or limitations.6

 

To be sure, Plaintiff offers various explanations, qualifications, and excuses

in an effort to downplay these considerations. But, as in Hackett, such argument

“constitutes an invitation to this court to engage in an impermissible reweighing

5 The last treatment record for her ankle was the postoperative evaluation on

July 18, 2007; and her last records for respiratory treatment were a bronchodilator

exam for asthma (showing improved spirometric airflow and normal diffusion

capacity) on July 2, 2008, and a chest x-ray prompted by a cough (showing

normal pulmonary vasculature and clear lung fields) on June 4, 2008. 

6 Plaintiff objects that the ALJ ignored her use of a walker, cane, and crutch.

This objection loses its force when it is noted that the records she cites are from

the months following her 2007 surgery (the most recent predated the ALJ decision

by more than 15 months), and that Plaintiff did not mention needing or using a

walker, cane, or crutch at the hearing in 2009. Similarly, her objection that the

ALJ ignored an agency clerk’s observation that she had difficulty walking is

undercut by the fact that this observation was made on May 14, 2007, just one

month after her surgery. 

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of the evidence and to substitute our judgment for that of the Commissioner, an

invitation we must decline,” 395 F.3d at 1173. 

The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

Entered for the Court

Harris L Hartz

Circuit Judge

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