HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD
-- REVIEW COVER SHEET

Name of Site: Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination

CERCLIS ID No.: NJD002148799

Date Prepared: March 2012

Contact Persons Site Investigations: Denise Zeno (212) 637

- 4319 U.S. En vironmental Protection Agency New York, NY
Documentation Record: Ildefonso Acosta (212) 637

- 4344 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency New York, NY

Pathways, Components, or Threats Not Scored
The surface water, soil exposure, and air pathways were not scored because the listing decision is not significantly affected by those pathways. The site score is sufficient to list the site on the ground water pathway score.This page has been left blank intentionally.1 HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD

Name of Sit e: Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination
CERCLIS ID No.: NJD002148799 [Ref . 3 , p. 1] EPA Region: 2 Date Prepared: March 2012
Street Address of Site: * Gist Place (nearest cross street: N orth Day St) County and State: Essex , New Jersey 0 70 51
General Location in the State: north east ern New Jersey Topographic Map: Orange , NJ
Latitude: * 40  ̊ 46 ' 47 .7 7 " North Longitude: * 74  ̊ 13 ' 30.96 " West

The site consists of a ground water plume with no identified source(s) of contamination. Therefore, the reference point for the street address and site latitude / longitude coordinates is one of the contaminated wells (i.e., Gist Place well) [ Figure 1; Ref

. 1, p. 51595; 4, p p . 1 -2]. The Gist Place well does not have a specific street address (i.e., no num ber); the street address listed here identifies the nearest intersection to the well , which is located approximately 260 feet west

- northwest of the intersection [Ref. 4 , pp
. 1-2 ].

* The street address, coordinates, and contaminant locations presented in this HRS documentation record identify the general area in which the site is located. They represent one or more locations EPA considers to be part of the site based on the screening information EPA used to evaluate the site for NPL listing. EPA lists n ational priorities among the known “releases or threatened releases” of hazardous substances; thus, the focus is on the release, not precisely delineated boundaries. A site is defined as where a hazardous substance has been “deposited, stored, placed, or otherwise come to be located.” Generally, HRS scoring and the subsequent listing of a release merely represent the initial determination that a certain area may need to be addressed under CERCLA. Accordingly, EPA contemplates that the preliminary descrip tion of facility boundaries at the time of scoring will be refined as more information is developed as to where the contamination has come to be located.

Scores Ground Water Pathway 100.00 Surface Water Pathway Not Scored Soil Exposu re Pathway Not Scored Air Pathway Not Scored
HRS SITE SCORE 50.002 WORKSHEET FOR COMPUTING HRS SITE SCORE Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination

S S 2

1. Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (S gw ) 100.00 10,000 (from Table 3

- 1, line 13)
2a. Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Not Scored (from Table 4

- 1, line 30)
2b. Ground Water to Surface Water Migration Component Not Scored (from Table 4

- 25, line 28)
2c. Surface Water Migration Pathway Score (S sw ) Not Scored E nter the larger of lines 2a and 2b as the pathway score.
3. Soil Exposure Pathway Score (S s ) Not Scored (from Table 5

- 1, line 22)
4. Air Migration Pathway Score (S a ) Not Scored (from Table 6

- 1, line 12)

5. Total of S gw 2 + S sw 2 + S s 2 + S a 2 10,000

6. HRS Site Score Divide the value on line 5 by 4 and take the square root 50.003 GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY SCORESHEET Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination

GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY Factor Categories & Factors MA XIMUM VALUE VALUE ASSIGNED

Likelihood of Release 1. Observed Release 550 550 2. Potential to Release 2a. Containment 10 not scored 2b. Net Precipitation 10 not scored 2c. Depth to Aquifer 5 not scored 2d. Travel Time 35 not scored 2e. Poten tial to Release [lines 2a(2b+2c+2d)] 500 not scored
3. Likelihood of Release 550 550
Waste Characteristics 4. Toxicity/Mobility * 1,000 5. Hazardous Waste Quantity * 100 6. Waste Characteristics 100 18 Targets 7. Nearest Well 50 50 8. Population 8a. Level I Concentrations ** 110,000 8b. Level II Concentrations ** 0 8c. Potential Contamination ** not scored 8d. Population (lines 8a+8b+8c) ** 110,000 9. Resources 5 not scored 10. Wellhead Protection Area 20 not scored 11. Targets (lines 7+8d+9+10) ** 110,05 0
12. Aquifer Score (lines 3x6x 11 divided by 82,500) 100 100
13. Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (Sgw) 100 100.00

* Maximum value applies to waste characteristics category. ** Maximum value not applicable.4 REFERENCES
Reference Number Description of the Reference
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Hazard Ranking System, Final Rule . Federal Register, Volume 55, No. 241, pp. 51532

- 51667. December 14, 1990. A complete copy o f the rule is available at http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/index.htm#HRS Rule

. [138 pages]
2. EPA. Superfund Chemical Data Matrix, SCDM Data Versions: 1/27/ 2004 and 6/23/2006, (Trichloroethylene update), Appendices B- I (Hazardous Substances Factor Values) and B

- II (Hazardous Substance Benchmarks); excerpts downloaded on April 1, 2010

. A complete copy of SCDM is available at http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm

. [ 10 pages]
3. EPA. S uperfund Site Information, West Orange Ground Water Contamination, West Orange, New Jersey : Site Information

. Downloaded f rom http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0203649 on January 14, 2010. [1 page]
4. Gilliland, Gerry, Weston Solutions, Inc. (W ESTON ). Project Note to West Oran ge Ground Water Contamination site file, Subject: Street Address, Latitude and Longitude Determination

. April 2, 2010 . [ 2 page s]
5. WESTON. Field Logbook No. 20113.064.001, Selecto Flash . April 2008 – August 2009. [50 p ages]
6. Capriglione, Michele, WESTO N. Sampling Trip Report , Selecto Flash Incorporated , Case No. 38724, Sampling Dates: July 6

- 10, 2009 . Prepared for Denise Zeno, EPA. July 17, 2009. [ 54 p ages]
7. WESTON. Figure 1, Site Location Map; Figure 2, Sample Location Map – June 2009; Figure 3, G round Water Sample Location Map with Analytical Results; and Figure 4, 4

- Mile Radius Map, Selecto Flash Incorporated, West Orange, Essex County, NJ, 07052

. June

- Octo ber 2009. [4 page s]
8. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)

. Source Water Assessment Report for Orange Water Department ; Appendices B and C not included . November 2004. [122 pages]
9. EPA Region 2 Laboratory. Case Narrative and Data Report: Selecto Flash, Project Number 09070008 . August 19, 2009. [ 109 p ages]
10. Gilliland, Gerry, WESTON. Project Note to West Orange Ground Water Contamination site file, Subject: Attached Orange Water Department Data – Gist Place and Orange Park Wells

. June 21 , 2010. [92 pages]
11. Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). ATSD R T oxFAQs , T etra chloroethylene , CAS # 127

- 18 -4 . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. September 1997. [2 pages]
12. ATSDR. Division of To x icology T oxFAQs , Trichloroethylene , CAS # 79

- 01 -6 . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. July 2003. [2 pages]
13. ATSDR. ATSDR T oxFAQs , 1,2 -D ichloroethene , CAS # 540

- 59

- 0, 156

- 59

- 2, and 156

- 60 -5 . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. September 1997. [2 pages]
14. Interstate Technology & Regulatory Co uncil (ITRC). Technical/Regulatory Guidelines, Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Ground W ater: Principles and Practices; appendices not included . September 1999. [32 pages]5 REFERENCES (continued)
Reference Number Description of the Reference
15. Capriglione, Michele , WESTON. Sampling Trip Report , Selecto Flash Incorporated, Case No. 38658, Sampling Dates: June 15

- 18, 2009 . Prepared for Denise Zeno, EPA. June 26, 2009. [32 pages]
16. EPA Region 2 Hazardous Waste Support Section (HWSS)/Regional Sample Control Center ( RSCC). Record of Communication (ROC), ROC #1 and Data Transfer Log with attached Organic Data Package, Subject: CLP Data Package for Quality Assurance Review, Site: Selecto Flash, Inc., Case # 38658, SDG #: B5PR5, B5PT7 . July 14, 2009 – August 12, 2009. [ 223 p ages]
17. Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR). The EDR Radius MapTM Report with GeoCheck®, Selecto Flash Inc, 18 Central Avenue, West O range, NJ 07052, Inquiry Number: 2587353.2s . September 10, 2009. [ 463 p ages]
18. EDR. The EDR Radius MapTM Report with GeoCheck®, WOGC – Gist Place, Gist Place , O range, NJ 0705 0 , Inquiry Number: 2 713418 .2s

. March 4 , 20 10

. [4, 28 3 p ages]
19. EDR. The EDR Radius MapTM Report with GeoCheck®, West Orange Ground Water Contamination , Oakwood Drive, O range, NJ 0705 0 , Inquiry Number: 2 665251 .2s

. Dec ember 23 , 2009. [ 1,37 3 p ages]
20. Dani els, Anthony, WESTON. Project Note to West Orange Ground Water Contamination, Subject: File Review

. April 9, 2010. [1, 406 pages]
21. EPA. Envirofacts Warehouse, Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Query Results, Orange Water Dept . Downloaded from http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/sdw_form_v2.create_page?state_abbr=NJ on June 29 , 2010. [1 page]
22. Capriglione, Michele, WESTON. Project Note to Selecto Flash, Inc. Sit e File, Subject: Ground W ater Population within 4 Miles of the Selecto Flash, Inc. site; with attachments . June 21, 2007. [7 pages]
23. Munch, J.W., ed., EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory. Method 524.2, Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Revision 4.1 . EPA Office of Research and Development. 1995. [48 pages]
24. EPA. SOM01.2 Volatile Target Compound List and Corresponding CRQLs . Downloaded from http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/clp/som

- vtarget.htm on April 6, 2010. [2 pages]
25. EPA Region 2 Superfund

. Record of Decision (ROD) , Montclair/West Orange Radium Site, EPA ID: NJD98078553, OU 02, O range , NJ

. EPA/ROD/R02

- 05/026 . September 14, 2005. [85 pages]
26. CDM Federal Programs Corporation. Final Remedial Investigation Report, Montclair/West Orange and Glen Ridge Radium Sites, Essex County, New Jersey, Work Assignment No. 036

- RICO

- 02A9 . Prepared for E PA. January 31, 2003. [394 pages]
27. WESTON. Figure 1 – Site Location Map, West Orange Ground Water Contamination . June 2010. [1 page]
28. EPA, The NELAC Institute, QC Labs, and NJDEP. NELAC (National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference), program information and accreditation of QC Labs . Accessed and downloaded from various websites ( http://www.epa.gov/nelac/ , http://www.nelac

- institute.org/ , http://www.qclaboratories.com/ContactUs/Southampton.htm , and http://www.nj.gov/dep/oqa/certlabs.htm ) on June 22, 2010. [26 pages]
29. EPA Reg ion 2 Laboratory

. SOP# DW

- 1, Revision# 2.1, Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Purge and Trap GC/MS . February 13, 2009. [28 pages]6 30. EPA Region 2 Laboratory. Approval Form/Project Checklist and Associated File Documents /VOC Data , Project Number : 09070008 , Project/Survey Name: Selecto Flash . August 19, 2009. [2 , 23 9 p ages]
31. EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). Modifications Updating SOM01.1 to SOM 01.2; with attached excerpts from SOM01.1

. April 11, 2007 . [ 117 pages]
32. Gillila nd, Gerry, WESTON. Project Note to West Orange Ground Water Contamination site file, Subject: Orange Water Department Wells ; with attachments . June 29, 2010. [23 pages]
33. Stanford, Scott D., New Jersey Geological Survey (NJGS). Surficial Geology of the Orange Quadrangle, Essex, Passaic, Hudson, and Bergen Counties, New Jersey . Open

- File Map OFM 41, prepared in cooperation with the USGS National Geologic Mapping Program. 2001. [2 sheets]
34. Volkert, Richard A., NJGS. Bedrock Geologic map of the Orange Q uadrangle, Essex, Passaic, Bergen, and Hudson Counties, New Jersey . Geologic Map Series GMS 07

- 1, prepared in cooperation with the USGS National Geologic Mapping Program. 2007. [1 sheet]
35. Michalski, Andrew. Hydrogeology of the Brunswick (Passaic) Forma tion and Implications for Ground Water Monitoring Practice . Ground Water Monitoring Review, pp. 134

- 143 , Fall 1990 . [10 pages]
36. Lucey, Carol S., NJDEP Bureau of Geology and Topography. Geology of Essex and Union Counties in Brief

. 1976. [13 pages]
37. US GS. Water Quality Samples for New Jersey: Sample Data [for Brunswick aquifer] . Downloaded from http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nj/nwis/qwdata?site_tp_cd=GW&aqf r_cd=227BRCK&aqfr on June 21, 2010. [135 pages]
38. DiGiore, Michael, NJDEP, Division of Responsible Party Site Remediation, Bureau of Field Operations. Site Inspection, Selecto

- Flash Corporation, West Orange, Essex County, EPA ID No. NJD002148799 . Septem ber 1992. [ 180 p ages]
39. Pederson, Marc J., NJDEP, and James Z. Peepas, Selecto

- Flash, Inc. Memorandum of Agreement, Selecto

- Flash, Inc . November 1995. [ 5 p ages]
40. Capriglione, Michele, WESTON. Phone Conversation Record, Conversation with Gary Greulich, Supervising Environmental Specialist, NJDEP, Subject: Current status of the Selecto Flash, Inc. site . June 18, 2007. [ 1 p age]
41. Biddelman, Murray J., Biddelman Inc. Environmental Cleanup Responsibility Act (ECRA) Site Evaluation Submission (SES), Biddelm an Inc . September 12 , 1986. [ 16 p ages]
42. SCDM Volatile Substances and Corresponding Human Toxicity Factor (HTF) Values and Air Inhalation Benchmarks . December 2011. 2 Pages. Downloaded from http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm . on February 15 , 2012
43. Methodology for Determining Screening Concentration Benchmarks for Trichloroethylene (TCE). February 2012. Downloaded from http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm on February 15, 2012.SS – Site Summary

7 SITE SUMMARY
The Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination site (CERCLIS ID No. NJD002148799 [formerly kn own as the West Orange Ground Water Contamination site]) consists of a ground water contaminant plume but the contamination cannot be clearly attributed to any specific source. The plume is located with in the municipalit ies o f West Orange and Orange , Esse x County, New Jersey [ Figure 1; Ref. 3 , p. 1]. The geographic coordinates of the site are 40  ̊ 46' 47.77 " north latitude and 74  ̊ 13' 30.96 " west longitude , based on the location of the Gist Place well [ Figure 1; Ref. 1, p. 51595; 3, p. 1; 4, p. 1]. Figure 1 shows the site location. During the course of investigating an industrial facility in West Orange, New Jersey in June

- July 2009 , EPA collected ground water samples from three public supply wells (Gist Place, Orange Park, and Well 6) within the Orange W ater D epartment supply system [Ref. 5, pp. 39

- 40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, p p
. 3-4 ; 8, p. 4 4]

. Analytical results indicated the presence of tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and cis

- 1,2

- dichloroethylene (cis

- 1,2

- DCE) in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells, at concentrations significantly above the background concentrations de tected in Well 6 [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9 , pp. 36, 39

- 40, 43, 46

- 47]. Water department data for the period from January to June 2009 confirms the constant presence of the contaminants in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells [Ref. 10 , pp. 1

- 92]

. The PCE concentra tions in both wells exceed the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 5 micrograms per liter (μg/L), as do the TCE concentrations in the Gist Place well [Ref. 2, pp. 7, 10; 10 , p. 2]

. In addition, the former Brook Alley (a.k.a. Brook Lane ) public s upply w ell, which is located about midway between the Gist Place and Orange Park wells, is closed because VOC con centrations were reportedly higher than those found in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells [Ref. 5, p. 39; 7, p. 4 ; 8, pp. 44

- 45; 32, pp. 2

- 3]

. PC E and TCE are chlorinated solvents that are commonly used in commercial/industrial operations such as dry cleaning and metal degreasing, while cis

- 1,2

- DCE is used to make solvents and is a common breakdown product of PCE and TCE [Ref. 11, p. 1; 12, p. 1; 1 3, p. 1; 14, p. 16 ]. During the course of its June

- July 2009 investigation, EPA discovered PCE and TCE in soil samples from two adjacent facilities located approximately 1 mile west of the contaminated wells [Ref. 5, pp. 19

- 29; 1 5 , pp. 3

- 11, 13

- 14, 20, 24

- 25, 31; 1 6 , pp. 6

- 15, 27

- 33, 44

- 48, 109

- 121, 127

- 139, 144

- 148]. EPA also discovered shallow ground water contamination at and in the vicinity of the two facilities [Ref. 5, pp. 27

- 29, 35

- 49; 6, pp. 4

- 8, 12, 14, 22, 31, 39, 48; 9 , pp. 14, 18, 53, 63, 69 -7 1, 74, 81, 85, 94, 101

- 102; 1 5 , pp. 3

- 4, 8, 11, 31; 1 6 , pp. 150

- 163]. A review of environmental databases indicated that three facilities associated with waste codes F001 to F005 (i.e., spent halogenated solvents that might contain PCE or TCE) are loca ted within 1⁄4 mile of the study area [Ref. 1 7 , pp. 62

- 64, 110

- 114, 131

- 164]. Similar database searches centered on the Gist Place and Orange Park wells indicated that there are 22 facilities (including the two identified by EPA’s investigation) associated wit h Flisted wastes located within approximately 1 mile of one or both wells [Figure 1; Ref. 1 8 , pp. 372

- 4126; 1 9 , pp. 181

- 1098]. File searches at New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) confirmed that PCE or TCE have been detected in soil and shallow ground water at some of the facilities associated with F

- listed wastes [Ref. 20 , all pages]. In addition, the environmental database searches listed 44 registered drycleaners and 339 historical cleaners located within 2 miles of the Gist Place well, and 9 registered drycleaners and 89 historical cleaners located within 0.75 mile of the Orange Park well [Ref. 1 8 , pp. 95

- 96, 104

- 111, 127; 1 9 , pp. 47, 50

- 52, 58]. Although there is this multitude of facilities in the region that are or could be
as sociated with the site contaminants , the re is not sufficient evidence (i.e., data for intervening areas) to attribute the ground water contamination in the public supply wells to any specific facility(ies); therefore, there is no identified source(s) of co ntamination [Ref. 1 7 through 20 ]. Figure 1 shows the locations of facilities associated with F

- listed wastes, including th os e investigated by EPA in June

- July 2009 [Ref. 27, p. 1]

. The Orange Water Department supply system (Water System ID NJ0717001), wh ich currently serves approximately 33,000 people, consists of six active wells including Gist Place and Orange Park [Ref. 8, pp. 44

- 45; 21 , p. 1; 3 2, p p
. 1-2 ]. No single well contributes more than 40 percent of the total blended system , so the population is apportioned equally among the six wells; t he refore, the Gist Place and Orange Park wells serve a combined population of approximately 11 ,000 people [Ref. 1, p. 51603; 8 , p. 44 ; 3 2, p p
. 1-2]

. The water department treats the extracted ground water to rem ove volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) prior to distribution , and monitors the water quality and treatment system effectiveness regularly [Ref. 5, p. 39; 8, p. 112; 10 , p. 1; 2 2, p. 3] . The water department closed the former Brook Alley (a.k.a. Brook Lane ) public supply well prior to 1988 because VOC
con centrations were reportedly higher than th ose found in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells [Ref. 5, p. 39; 7, p. 4 ; 8 , pp. 44

- 45 ; 32, pp. 2

- 3] . There are also several other public supply wells located in th e site vicinity [Ref. 7, p. 4 ; 2 2, pp. 1 -7; 32, pp. 5

- 11 ].

### ! 

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# A ! 

# A ! C

! C ! C

! C ! C ! C ! C
! C ! C

! C ! C
! C

! C ! C ! C

! C

! C ! C
! C

! C ! C

! C

Orange Park Well SFI-PSW02 Gist Place Well (Well 8) SFI-PSW01

H Reisman Corp

377 Crane St Cozzolino Inc 20 Standish Ave

George's Auto Body Inc 522 Beach St Bell Atlantic 650 Park Ave Romm 101C

239 Central Ave, LLC

239 Central Ave Water Works Lab Inc 364 Glenwood Ave

Biddelman, Incorporated 4 Central Ave

Brick Church Dry Cleaners 519 Main St Du Rite Auto Body Inc. 43 Central Ave Kaye & McDonald Inc.

11-15 Central Ave

E & Y Scotland Cleaners 675 Scotland Rd Floridian Cleaners Inc 68 City Hall Plz Mastro Craft Woodworking 540 Mitchell St Selecto Flash, Incorporated 18 Central Ave

Veterans Admin. Medical Center Tremont Ave East Orange General Hospital 300 Central Ave Parker Precision Products Company 32 Bell St

Tryco Tool & Mfg Co Inc.

363 S. Jefferson St

Maaco Auto Painting & Body Work 46 Central Ave East Orange Bd of Ed Service Building 16 Winans St NJ Transit Auth Bus Oper Orange Garage 420 Thomas Boulevard

Electronic Control Security Incorporated 101 Halsted St Brook Alley Well (closed; no sample)



### Well 6 SFI-PSW03/SFI-PSW04 - duplicate

DATE: CLIENT NAME: PROJECT: LEGEND: TITLE:

Orange Valley Regional Ground W ater Contamination

Environmental Protection Agency 1. USGS. 7.5 Minute Series Topographic Quadrangles: Caldwell, NJ; Orange, NJ; Roselle, NJ; Elizabeth, NJ. 2. ESRI World Street Map: http://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/services 3. Weston Solutions, Inc. Region 2 Site Assessment Team 2, Site Logbook 20113.064.001, June - July, 2009. 4. EDR. Radius Map TM with GeoCheck ® , WOGC-GistPlace, Inquiry #2713418.2s. March 4, 2010. West Orange Township Essex County, New Jersey 07052 

### Figure 1 - Site Location Map

June 2010 SOURCES: 

### West Orange

SCALE: 2,000 0 2,000 1,000 Feet Possible Source 

### ! C
Area of Observed Ground Water Contamination Well Location / Sample Number 

### ! 

# AP:\SAT2\West_Orange_GW\MXD\07959_WOGW_Contaminated_Sites.mxd 

# ±9 SD

- Characterization and Containment Source No.: 1
SOURCE DESCRIPTION
2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION
Number of the source: 1 Source Type of the sou rce: Other Name and description of the source: Ground Water Plume – West Orange , New Jersey Source 1 is considered a contaminated ground water plume of unknown volume without an identified source. EPA collected ground water samples from three public sup ply wells (Gist Place, Orange Park, and Well 6) in July 2009 [Ref. 5, pp. 39

- 40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, p p. 3 -4 ]. Analytical results indicated the presence of PCE, TCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE in the Orange Park and Gist Place wells, at concentrations significan tly above the background concentrations detected in Well 6 [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39

- 40, 43, 46

- 47]. Water department data for the period from January to June 2009 confirms the constant presence of the contaminants in the Gist Place and Orange Park wel ls at concentrations above method detection limits (MDL) [Ref. 10, pp. 1

- 92]

. The PCE concentrations in both wells exceed the EPA MCL of 5 μg/L, as do the TCE concentrations in the Gist Place well [Ref. 2, pp. 7, 10; 10, p. 2]

. The water department treat s the extracted ground water to remove VOCs prior to distribution, and monitors the water quality and treatment system effectiveness regularly [Ref. 5, p. 39; 8, p. 112; 10, p. 1]

. Prior to 1988, t he water department closed the former Brook Alley (a.k.a. Brook Lane ) public supply well, which is located about midway between the Gist Place and Orange Park wells, because VOC con centrations were reportedly higher than those found in the other wells [Ref. 5, p. 39; 7, p. 4 ; 8, pp. 44

- 45; 32, pp. 2

- 3]. Although the Brook Alley well has not been sealed, water

- quality data for the well are not available, and EPA did not collect a ground water sample from the well because the water department representative had no way of turning on the pump [Ref. 5, p. 39; 32, pp. 2 -3 ].

Location of the source, with reference to a map of the site: The ground water plume is identified by contamination found in the Gist Place and Orange Park public supply well s , and the closed Brook Alley well . For the purpose of this report, th ese well s represent a minimum of the plume extent. The site is located in northeastern New Jersey and is shown in Figure 1 [Ref. 27, p. 1].

Containment Release to ground water: Based on evidence of hazardous substance migration (contamination detected in ground water samples collected from the Gist Place and Orange Park well s ) and due to the fact that there is nothing to prevent the plume from migrating further, a containment factor of 10 is assigned [Ref. 1, p. 51596; 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39

- 40, 43, 46

- 47 ].10 SD - Hazardous Substances Source No.: 1

2.4.1 Hazardous Substances Ground water samples collected by Orange Water Department and EPA in 2009 showed the presence of chlorinated solvents in the Gist Place and Orange Park public su pply wells, as described below. Background sample locations and contaminant levels for comparison to the contaminated samples are discussed in Section 3.1.1.

Orange Water Department Sampling – Ground Water Sample s : January
- June 2009 Orange W ater D epart ment regularly performs compliance monitoring of ground water quality in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells [Ref. 5, p. 39; 10, p. 1]

. As an example , t he water department collect ed raw and treated ground water samples from the wells for regulatory compl iance twice per month from January to June 2009 [Ref. 10, p p . 1

- 92 ]. T he samples were analyzed by a NELAC

- accredited laboratory (QC Laboratories of Southampton, PA) according to EPA Method 524.2 [Ref. 10, pp. 3

- 92]

. The purpose of NELAC is to foster the generation of environmental data of known and documented quality [Ref. 28 , pp. 1

- 2]. QC Laboratories is certified by NJDEP, the applicable NELAC accrediting authority, to perform analysis and report data for PCE, TCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE in drinking water acc ording to EPA Method 524.2 [Ref. 28 , pp. 1

- 10, 16, 24

- 25 ]. The applicable concentration range of Method 524.2 can be 0.02

– 200 μg/L or 0.02

– 20 μg/L [Ref. 23, p. 4]. The method requires a number of quality controls, including demonstrations of capability, accuracy, and precision; analysis of blanks and surrogates; and determinations of method detection limits (MDL) for each analyte [Ref. 23, pp. 16

- 19]. The analytical results for the January

- June 2009 w ater department samples demonstrate the constant presence of PCE, TCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells , at the following concentration ranges [Ref. 10, pp. 1

- 92]:

**•** Gist Place Well
o PCE: 24.5 μg/L to 37.1 μg/L
o TCE: 9.55 μg/L to 13.7 μg/L
o c is

- 1,2

- DCE: 1.66 μg/L to 2.50 μg/L

**•** Orange Park Well
o PCE: 8.89 μg/L to 13.0 μg/L
o TCE: 2.08 μg/L to 3.20 μg/L
o c is

- 1,2

- DCE: non

- detect to 1.27 μg/L The detections for all three parameters were all above MDLs, which ranged from 0.140 μg/L to 0.490 μg/L for PCE, 0.150 μg/L to 0.310 μg/L for TCE, and 0.210 μg/L to 0.290 μg/L for cis

- 1,2

- DCE [Ref. 10, pp. 1

- 2]. The PCE concentrations in both wells exceeded the EPA MCL of 5 μg/L, as d id the TCE concentrations in the Gist Place well [Ref. 2, pp. 7, 10; 10, p. 2]

. The concentrations coincide with results for the samples collected from the wells by EPA in July 2009 , as shown below [Ref. 10, p. 1]

.11 SD - Hazardous Substances Source No.: 1

EPA Sampling Event – Ground Water Samples: July 2009 In July 2009, EPA collected untreated grou nd water sample s SFI

- PSW01 from the Gist Place well and SFI

- PSW02 from the Orange Park well , and background untreated ground water samples SFI

- PSW03 and SFI

- PSW04 from Well 6 [ Ref. 5, pp. 39

- 40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, p p. 3 -4 ]. The EPA Region 2 Laboratory analyzed the samples for Target Compound List (TCL) trace concentration VOC s ac cording to its Standard Operating Procedure ( SOP ) # DW -1 , “Analysis of VOCs in Drinking Water by Purge & Trap GC/MS ”, dated February 13, 2009 [Ref. 2 9 , p. 1; 30 , pp. 3, 150

- 151 ]. The SOP is based on EPA Method 524.2, as is the analytical method used by EP A’s Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) for trace concentration VOC analyses [Ref. 29, p. 3; 31, p. 68]. Although the analyses were not performed under the CLP, t he EPA laboratory was able to achieve sample quantitation limits (SQL; the quantity of the subs tance that could be reasonably quantified given the limits of detection for the methods of analysis and sample characteristics ) equal to the CLP Contract

- Required Quantitation Limits ( CRQL ) [Ref. 1, p. 51585

- 51586, 51589; 9 , p. 1 ; 24, pp. 1 -2 ]. The refore, the SQL for PCE, TCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE in all samples was 0.50 μg/L [Ref. 9, p. 1; 24, pp. 1

- 2]. Chain

- of

- custody was maintained for the samples throughout collection, shipping, and analysis [Ref. 30, pp. 116, 131, 137, 150

- 151, 614

- 615]. PCE, TCE, and c is

- 1,2

- DCE were detected in the Gist Place and Orange Park well samples at individual concentrations ranging from 1.2 μg/L to 36 μg/L [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39

- 40 ; 30, p p. 150, 525

- 540 ] . PCE was detected at significantly lower concentrations in the bac kground samples , and TCE and cis

- 1,2

- DCE were not detected (ND) in the background samples [ Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 43, 46

- 47 ; 30, pp. 151, 546

- 558, 599

- 602]. Additional information regarding background level s is presented in Section 3.1.1.

Hazardous Subst ance Sample Number Date Sampled Result (μg/L) SQL (μg/L) Reference
PCE SFI

- PSW01 0 7 /0 7 /2009 36 0.50 9, p. 36 ; 30, p p. 526, 529 SFI

- PSW02 07 /0 7 /2009 12 0.50 9, p. 40 ; 30, p p. 536, 540 SFI

- PSW03 * 0 7 / 07 /2009 0.95 0.50 9, p. 43 ; 30, p p. 5 47 , 5 49 SFI

- PSW04* 0 7 / 07 /2009 0.86 0.50 9, p. 4 7 ; 30, p p. 5 56 , 5 58 TCE SFI

- PSW01 0 7 /0 7 /2009 11 0.50 9, p. 36 ; 30, p p. 526, 529 SFI

- PSW02 07 /0 7 /2009 2.8 0.50 9, p. 39 ; 30, p p. 5 3 6, 5 3 9 SFI

- PSW03 * 0 7 / 07 /2009 ND 0.50 9, p. 43 ; 30, p p. 5 47 SFI

- PSW04* 0 7 / 07 /2009 ND 0.50 9, p. 4 6 ; 30, p p. 5 5 6 cis

- 1,2

- DCE SFI

- PSW01 0 7 /0 7 /2009 2.2 0.50 9, p. 36 ; 30, p p. 526

- 527 SFI

- PSW02 0 7 /0 7 /2009 1.2 0.50 9, p. 39 ; 30, p p. 5 3 6

- 537 SFI

- PSW03 * 0 7 / 07 /2009 ND 0.50 9, p. 43 ; 30, p p. 5 47 SFI

- PSW04* 0 7 / 07 /2009 ND 0.50 9, p. 46 ; 30, p p. 5 56
ND - contaminant not detect ed * - representative of background level s [see Section 3.1.1]12 SD

- Hazardous Waste Quantity Source No.: 1
2.4.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity
The information available is not sufficient to eval uate Tier A source hazardous waste quantity; therefore, hazardous constituent quantity is not scored (NS). Hazardous Constituent Quantity (C) Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity
The information available is not sufficient to evaluate Tier B source hazardous waste quantity; therefore, hazardous wastestream quantity is not scored. Hazardous Wastestream Quantity (W) Value: NS

2.4.2.1.3 Volume Because there are wells with samples showing contamination in the ground water but the volume of the contaminated area has not been determined, the volume of the ground water contamination is considered to be greater than 0 cubic yards but unknow n [ Figure 1; Ref. 9, pp. 36, 39

- 40]. The source type is ‘Other,’ so the volume value is divided by 2.5 to obtain the assigned value, as shown below [Ref. 1, p. 51591, Section 2.4.2.1.3, Table 2 -5 ]. Dimension of source (yd 3 ) : >0 yd 3

2.4.2.1.4 Area Tier D is not evaluated for source type “other” [Ref. 1, p . 51591, Table 2 -5 , Section 2.4.2.1.3 ]. Area of source (ft 2 ): N/A Area (A) Assigned Value: 0

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value The source hazardous waste quantity value for Source 1 is >0 for Tier C - Volume [Ref. 1, p. 51591].
Sou rce Hazardous Waste Quantity Value: >013 SD

- Summary

SITE SUMMARY OF SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS

Source Number Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value Containment Ground Water Surface Water Air (Gas) Air (Particulate) 1 >0 10 NS NS NS

NS = Not Scored14 GW

- General
3.0 GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY
3.0.1 General Considerations
The surficial stratigraphic unit in the Orange

- West Orange area consists of unconsolidated glacial deposits , which are underlain directly by the Brunswick For mation (a.k.a. Passaic Formation, but hereinafter referred to as “Brunswick” ) bedrock unit [Ref. 25, p. 12; 26, pp. 42

- 43 ; 33, pp. 1 -2]

. The thickness of the glacial deposits at the subject wells ranges from 17 to 38 feet, and in the vicinity of the site (i.e., within 2 mile s of the subject wells) it ranges from 3 to 84 feet [Ref. 26, p p . 43 , 47, 324 ; 32, pp. 1, 22; 33, pp. 1

- 2]. The thickness of the Brunswick Formation bedrock unit at and in the vicinity of the site is approximately 6 ,0 00 feet [Ref. 25, p. 12; 26, pp. 105, 112, 114; 34, p. 1]. Ground water is present under unconfined conditions in both t he glacial deposits and the upper 500 to 600 feet of bedrock , and the units are hydraulically interconnected [Ref. 4, p. 2; 8, p. 44; 25, p. 12; 26, pp. 43- 45 , 105, 112, 114; 32, pp. 6 -8]

. The Gist Place and Orange Park wells withdraw water from the Brunswick aquifer, as did the Brook Alley well, and most other public supply wells in the region withdraw water from either the glacial sand and gravel or the Brunswick aquifer [Ref. 7, p. 4 ; 8, p. 44; 22, pp. 1

- 2]. Based on these considerations, the glacial deposits and bedrock are combined into a single hydrologic unit for HRS scoring purposes (i.e., the “Glacial/Brunswick aquifer”) [Ref. 1, p. 51595].
The general direction of ground water flow in both the unconsolidated and bedrock units is east

- southeast, which is the same as the general topographic gradient in the site vicinity [ Figure 1; Ref. 2 5 , p p . 1 2- 13, 30

- 32 ; 26, p p . 41 , 119

- 123 ]. Based on slug tes ts conducted by EPA, average hydraulic conductivity for the Brunswick aquifer is 4.3 x 10 -4 centimeters per second (cm/s) [Ref. 25, p. 13]. The Gist Place , Orange Park , and former Brook Alley wells are 500 , 551 , and 506 feet deep, respectively , and p ublic supply wells in the study area range in depth from 40 to 551 feet [ Ref. 2 2, p. 2 ; 32, pp. 1, 6

- 8, 22 ].
Stratum 1 (shallowest)
Stratum Name : Alluvium Description : The surficial , unconsolidated deposits in Orange and West Orange consist of sandy glacial till including clay and hardpan , local deposits of sandy stratified drift, and fill material [Ref. 25, p. 12; 26, p. 42 ; 33, pp. 1 -2]

. The thickness of unconsolidated deposits ranges from 3 to 84 feet in the site vicinity [Ref. 2 6 , p. 4 3 ; 33, pp. 1 -2].
Stratum 2 Stratum/Aquifer Name : B runswick Aquifer Description : The Brunswick Formation consists of an interbedded sequence of sandstones , siltstones , shales, and conglomerate s [Ref. 25, p. 12; 26, p. 43; 34, p. 1 ]. The outcrop area of the formation stretches from southern New York state, across much of northeastern and central New Jersey, and into eastern Pennsylvania, and the unit has a maximum thickness of about 10,000 feet regionally [Ref. 34, p. 1; 35, pp. 1

- 2; 36, pp. 5

- 9]. The only possible disco ntinuity in the aquifer within 4 miles of the site, is a south we st

- north ea st trending intrusive basalt located approximately 2 miles west of the site , however even if the basalt formation constitutes a discontinuity for HRS purposes, which is unclear, ther e were no target wells scored west of the basalt formation [Ref. 34, p. 1; 36, pp. 5, 7]. The thickness of the formation containing the Brunswick aquifer at and in the vicinity of the site is approximately 6,000 feet, but it is only the top 500 to 600 fee t of the formation that constitutes the unconfined aquifer [Ref. 8, p. 44; 22, p. 2; 25, p. 12; 26, pp. 43

- 45, 105, 112; 34, p. 1]. The upper 5 to 25 feet of the Brunswick Formation are typically weathered extensively , and t he formation dips about 10 degrees in a northwesterly direction [Ref. 25, p. 12; 26, p. 43]. Average hydraulic conductivity for the Brunswick aquifer is 4.3 x 10 -4 centimeters per second (cm/s) [Ref. 25, p. 13]. The heterogeneity of the Brunswick Formation produces an anisotropic flow pattern within the aquifer [Ref. 35, pp. 1

- 3]. The formation is a principal source of water supply throughout most of its outcrop area, including the site [Ref. 32, pp. 5

- 11, 16; 35, p. 1]. The Gist Place, O range Park, and Brook Alley wells are screened in the Brunswick aquifer at depths of 61.5

- 500 feet ( 87.5 to

- 351 ft mean sea level [MSL]) , 56.25

- 551 feet ( 143.75 to

- 351 ft MSL) , and 56

- 506 feet ( 134 to

- 316 ft MSL) , respectively [ Ref. 8, p. 44; 32, pp. 1, 6- 8, 22]

. According to the U.S. Geological S urvey’s (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS), wells located in several counties ( Mercer, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Somerset, Union, Essex, and Bergen ) are completed in the New Jersey portion of the aquifer [Ref. 3 7 , pp. 1

- 135].15 GW

- Observed Release
3.1 LIKELIHOOD OF RELEASE
3.1.1 Observed Release Aquifer Being Evaluated: Glacial/ B runswi ck aquifer An observed release is documented for the Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination s ite. Chemical analyses for ground water samples collecte d from the Gist Place and Orange Park well s in July 2009 show the presence of chlorinated solvents [Ref. 5, pp. 39

- 40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, p p. 3 -4 ; 9, pp. 36, 39

- 40, 43, 46

- 47]

. Direct Observation The aquifer is not evaluated for observed release by direct observation. Chemical Analysis In July 2009, EPA collected untreated ground water samples SFI

- PSW01 from the Gist Place well and SFI

- PSW02 from the Orange Park well, and background untreated ground water samples SFI

- PSW03 and SFI

- PSW04 from Well 6 [Ref. 5, pp. 39

- 40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, p p
. 3-4 ]. The EPA Region 2 Laboratory analyzed the samples for TCL trace concentration VOCs according to its SOP # DW

- 1, “Analysis of VOCs in Drinking Water by Purge & Trap GC/MS”, dated February 13, 2009 [Ref. 29, p. 1; 30, pp. 3, 150

- 151]. The SOP is based on EPA Method 524.2, as is the analytical method used by EPA’s CLP for trace concentration VOC analyses [Ref. 29, p. 3; 31, p. 68]. Although the analyses were not performed under the CLP, the EPA laborator y was able to achieve SQLs (the quantity of the substance that could be reasonably quantified given the limits of detection for the methods of analysis and sample characteristics) equal to the CLP CRQLs [Ref. 1, p. 51585

- 51586, 51589; 9, p. 1; 24, pp. 1

- 2] . Therefore, the SQL for PCE, TCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE in all samples was 0.50 μg/L [Ref. 9, p. 1; 24, pp. 1

- 2]. Chain

- of

- custody was maintained for the samples throughout collection, shipping, and analysis [Ref. 30, pp. 116, 131, 137, 150

- 151, 614

- 615].
PC E, TCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE were detected in the Gist Place and Orange Park well samples at individual concentrations ranging from 1.2 μg/L to 36 μg/L [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39

- 40; 30, pp. 150, 525

- 540]. PCE was detected at significantly lower concentratio ns in the background samples, and TCE and cis

- 1,2

- DCE were not detected (ND) in the background samples [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 43, 46

- 47; 30, pp. 151, 546

- 558, 599

- 602]. Note about background conditions : The compounds (PCE, TCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE) found in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells are not naturally occurring [Ref. 11, p. 1; 12, p. 1; 13, p. 1]. PCE and TCE are man
- made chlorinated solvents that are commonly used in commercial/industrial operations such as dry cleaning and metal degreasing, while cis

- 1,2

- DCE is used to make solvents and is a common breakdown product of PCE and TCE [Ref. 11, p. 1; 12, p. 1; 13, p. 1; 14, p. 16]

. For the site

- specific samples, a ll background and contaminated samples documenting the observed release were collected fr om the hydrologic unit being evaluated (i.e., the combined glacial/bedrock aquifer) [Ref. 6, p. 8; 8 , p. 44; 9, pp. 36, 39

- 40, 43, 46

- 47 ]. Sample collection and analysis procedures for t he background and release samples , which were all collected on the sa me day, were identical [Ref. 5, pp. 39

- 40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22]. Although PCE was detected at trace level s in the background samples, the values were two orders of magnitude lower than the release concentrations [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 43, 46

- 47; 30, pp. 151, 546

- 558, 599

- 602]. Additionally, available USGS water

- quality data for wells completed in the aquifer throughout several New Jersey counties demonstrate regional background levels: PCE, TCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE were not detected in the majority of wells and are not ubiquitous in the aquifer at any depth ranging from 8 to 1,450 feet (bottom elevations ranging from 570 ft MSL to

- 1,180 ft MSL) [Ref. 37, pp. 1

- 135]. The h istorical USGS data base includes a well completed to a depth of 400 feet in the Brunswick Aquifer and located approximately 2.5 miles northeast of the Gist Place well , which indicated contaminant levels comparable to th e background levels found in Well 6 (i.e., > 3 times lower than the release concentrations) [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 43, 46

- 47; 30, pp. 151, 546

- 558, 599

- 602; 37, pp. 66

- 67]

. Based on these considerations, the Well 6 samples are considered to be representative of background level s within the aquifer, and are used for comparison to the release samples collected from the Gist Place and Orange Park wells.16 GW

- Observed Release

Background Concentrations During the July 2009 sampling event, EPA collected ground water samples SFI

- PSW03 and SFI

- PSW04 from the Orange Water Department Well 6 [ Ref. 5, pp. 39

- 40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, p p. 3 -4 ]. See the previous paragraph for a full discussion of background levels.
Well Location Screened Interval (ft MSL ) Sample Station ID Sample Date Reference(s)
Well 6 259 to 208 SFI

- PSW03 07/07/2009 5, p. 40; 6, p. 22; 3 2, p p
. 1, 6

- 8 SFI

- PSW04 07/07/2009 5, p. 40; 6, p. 22; 3 2, p p
. 1, 6

- 8

Sample ID Hazardous Substance Level (μg/L) SQL (μg/L) Reference(s) SFI

- PSW03 cis

- 1,2

- DCE ND 0.50 6, p. 22; 9, p. 43 ; 24, pp. 1 -2 ; 30, pp. 547, 549 PCE 0.95 0.50 TCE ND 0.50 SFI

- PSW04 cis

- 1,2

- DCE ND 0.50 6, p. 22; 9, pp. 46

- 47 ; 24, pp. 1 -2 ; 30, p p. 556, 558 PCE 0.86 0.50 TCE ND 0.50

Contaminated Samples During the July 2009 sampling event, EPA collected ground water sample SFI

- PSW01 from the Gist Place and ground water sample SFI

- PSW02 from the Orange Park well, and the results confirmed the presence of PCE , TCE, and cis

- 1,2 - DCE at concentrations significantly above background [Ref. 5, pp. 39

- 40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, p p. 3 -4 ; 9, pp. 36, 39

- 40, 43, 46

- 47].

Well Location Screened Interval (ft MSL ) Sample Station ID Sample Date Reference(s)
Gist Place 87.5 to

- 351 SFI

- PSW01 07/07/2009 5, p. 40; 6, p. 22; 3 2, p p
. 1, 6

- 8 Orange Park 143.75 to

- 351 SFI

- PSW02 07/07/2009 5, p. 40; 6, p. 22; 3 2, p p
. 1, 6

- 8

Sample ID Hazardous Substance Concentration (μg/L) SQL (μg/L) Reference(s)
SFI

- PSW01 cis

- 1,2

- DCE 2.2 0.50 6, p. 22; 9, p. 36 ; 24, pp. 1

- 2; 30, pp. 526

- 529 PCE 36 0.50 TCE 11 0.50 SFI

- PSW02 cis

- 1,2

- DCE 1.2 0.50 6, p. 22; 9, pp. 39

- 40 ; 24, pp. 1

- 2; 30, p p. 536

- 540 PCE 12 0.50 TCE 2.8 0.5017 Attribution: EPA has not yet identified a surface source of th e ground water contaminants in the Orange Water Department wells. PCE and TCE are man
- made chlorinated solvents that are commonly used in commercial/industrial operations such as dry cleaning and metal degreasing, while cis

- 1,2

- DCE is used to make solvent s and is a common breakdown product of PCE and TCE [Ref. 11, p. 1; 12, p. 1; 13, p. 1; 14, p. 16 ]. The site is located in a heavily urban ized area where hundreds of contaminated sites have been identified [Ref. 18, pp. 3

- 123; 19, pp. 3

- 54; 27, p. 1]. The anisotropic nature of flow in the fractured bedrock aquifer makes it difficult to determine where contamination originates [Ref. 35, pp. 1

- 5]. Drawdown along the strike of the Brunswick Formation (northeast

- southwest) is typically much greater than other directions, leading to an elongated cone of depression along that axis for the supply wells , as demonstrated by designated wellhead protection areas [Ref. 7, p. 4 ; 8, pp. 114

- 122; 35, pp. 1

- 5]. Studies have shown that fracture permeability dominates form ation permeability, even in zones with matrix porosity up to 20 percent, and it has been theorized that water in some fractures could flow for 2 to 3 miles without interruption [Ref. 35, p. 2]. EPA attempted to identify the source(s) of observed ground w ater contamination. During the course of the investigation in June

July 2009 , EPA discovered PCE and TCE in soil samples from two adjacent facilities located approximately 1 mile west of the contaminated wells [Ref. 5, pp. 19

- 29; 7, p. 4 ; 15, pp. 3

- 11, 13

- 14, 20, 24

- 25, 31; 16, pp. 6

- 15, 27

- 33, 44

- 48, 109

- 121, 127

- 139, 144

- 148]. EPA also discovered shallow ground water contamination at and in the vicinity of the two facilities [Ref. 5, pp. 27

- 29, 35

- 49; 6, pp. 4

- 8, 12, 14, 22, 31, 39, 48; 9, pp. 14, 18, 53, 63, 69

- 71, 74, 81, 85, 94, 101

- 102; 15, pp. 3

- 4, 8, 11, 31; 16, pp. 150

- 163]. A review of environmental databases indicated that three facilities associated with waste codes F001 to F005 (a.k.a. F

- listed wastes) (i.e., spent halogenated solvents that mi ght contain PCE or TCE) are located within 1⁄4 mile of the study area [Ref. 17, pp. 62

- 64, 110

- 114, 131

- 164].
Based on the results of the June

- July 2009 investigation, EPA conducted database searches centered on the Gist Place and Orange Park wells . The fi ndings indicated that there are 22 facilities (including the two identified by EPA’s investigation) associated with F001 to F005 wastes located within approximately 1 mile of one or both wells [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 372

- 4126; 19, pp. 181

- 1098]. Figure 1 shows the locations of the facilities associated with F

- listed wastes, including the facilities investigated by EPA in J une
- July 2009 [Ref. 27, p. 1]. EPA requested file searches at NJDEP for the facilities associated with F

- listed wastes ( except the two that had already been investigated) . File reviews by EPA for 12 sites (other sites did not have files available) confirmed that PCE or TCE have been detected in soil or shallow ground water at six facilities, and that PCE was used at another facility . S ome other investigations revolved around gasoline constituents or did not include sampling activities , leaving the presence or absence of site contaminants at some facilities as yet undetermined [Ref. 20, all pages].
In addition to the facilities discusse d above , the environmental database searches indicated that there are 44 registered drycleaners and 339 historical cleaners located within 2 miles of the Gist Place well, and 9 registered drycleaners and 89 historical cle aners located within 0.75 mile of t he Orange Park well [Ref. 18, pp. 95

- 96, 104

- 111, 127; 19, pp. 47, 50

- 52, 58]. Although there is this multitude of facilities in the region that are or could be associated with the site contaminants , the re is not sufficient evidence (i.e., data for interv ening areas) to attribute the ground water contamination in the public supply wells to any specific facility(ies); therefore, there is no identified source(s) of contamination [Ref. 17 through 20]

.

T he 22 facilities associated with F

- listed wastes and lo cated within approximately 1 mile of the area of observed ground water contamination, including the two facilities investigated by EPA in June

- July 2009 , are described below : Selecto Flash, Inc. Selecto Flash, Inc. (SFI), an active facility involved in the silk

- screening of large

- scale decals, is located at 18 Central Avenue, West Orange, approximately 0.95 mile northwest of the Orange Park well and 1.25 miles southwest of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 5, pp. 2, 4

- 5; 38, p. 5]. The facility was own ed and occupied by a stapling machine manufacturer (Bates Manufacturing Company) from 1926 to 1980, and by SFI since 1980 [Ref. 38, pp. 5, 49]. SFI used solvent

- based inks until the late 1980s, at which time the facility converted to ultraviolet (UV)

- cura ble inks [Ref. 5, p. 5; 38, pp. 5, 38

- 39, 49]. The SFI facility was classified as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) large quantity generator (LQG) from 1985

- 1992 , and it is currently classified as a small quantity generator (SQG) [Ref. 5, p. 4; 17, pp. 26, 30

- 31]. The facility has received several notices of violation, including “significant non

- complier” in November 2006 [Ref. 18, pp. 2340

- 2344]. From 1985

- 1988, wastes classified as F003

- Unknown or F005

- Unknown18 were removed from the facility and transported to a registered treatment, storage and disposal facility ( TSDF ) for material recovery [Ref. 18, pp. 2350

- 2356]. Spent solvents and rags are containerized and stored on site prior to off

- site hazardous waste disposal [Ref. 5, pp. 4

- 5; 38, pp. 5, 51

- 54]. In May 2009, EPA observed numerous drums and 5

- gallon buckets of paints and solvents in a one

- story storage building on the western corner of the property [Ref. 5, pp. 2

- 10].
A nalytical results for soil samples collected from the SFI pro perty in 1987

- 1988 indicated the presence of several VOCs, including TCE, PCE, and trans

- 1,2

- DCE [Ref. 38, pp. 9

- 10, 133

- 169]. Ground water samples collected from on

- site monitoring wells from 1987

- 1994 indicated the presence of TCE, PCE, trans

- 1,2

- DCE, a nd vinyl chloride [Ref. 38, pp. 7- 8, 149

- 150, 162, 172

- 180]. SFI entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with NJDEP i n November 1995 for the purpose of conducting remedial investiga tion and action , but as of 2009 there had been no remedial actions [R ef. 5, pp. 2

- 50; 39, pp. 1

- 5; 40, p. 1]. In June 2009, EPA collected surface and subsurface soil samples from the SFI property ; TCE was detected at concentrations up to 20,000 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg) and PCE was detect ed up to 870 μg/kg [Ref. 5, p p. 18

- 28; 7, p. 2; 15, pp. 1

- 15 ; 16, pp. 6

- 15 , 45, 48]. In July 2009, EPA collected ground water samples from monitoring wells at and in the vicinity of the SFI property [Ref. 5, pp. 35

- 46; 6, pp. 1

- 12]. TCE, cis

- 1,2

- DCE, and vinyl chloride were detected in a monitoring well located on the SFI property [Ref. 7, p. 3; 9, pp. 70

- 74]. Biddelman, Inc. The Biddelman, Inc. (Biddelman) property, located adjacent to SFI at 4 Central Avenue in West Orange, is the former location of a wholesale dry cleaning supp ly distributor [Ref. 5, p. 6; 38, p. 5; 41, pp. 1, 6]. Biddelman sold and distributed a wide range of dry cleaning supplies, including Perchlor (a.k.a. PCE), which was stored in a 4,000

- gallon aboveground storage tank until February 1986 when the tank was r emoved [Ref. 41, pp. 6

- 7, 10]. In June 2009, EPA collected surface and subsurface soil samples from the Biddelman property [Ref. 5, pp. 18

- 28; 7, p. 2; 15, pp. 5

- 8, 11, 24

- 32]. PCE was detected at concentrations up to 93,000 μg/kg and TCE was detected as high as 9,200 μg/kg in soil samples from the Biddelman property [Ref. 15, pp. 5

- 8; 16, pp. 27

- 33, 109

- 121, 127

- 148]. During the soil sampling event in June 2009, EPA collected four grab ground water samples from temporary monitoring wells on the Biddelman property [Ref. 5, pp. 27

- 29; 15, pp. 8, 11, 31]. In July 2009, EPA collected two additional ground water samples from monitoring wells installed on the Biddelman property [Ref. 5, pp. 34, 46

- 47; 6, pp. 7, 12, 48

- 50]. PCE was detected at concentrations up to 3,300 μg/L and TCE was detected as high as 510 μg/L in the ground water samples from the Biddelman property ; c is

- 1,2

- DCE and vinyl chloride w ere also detected in some of the ground water samples [Ref. 7, p. 3; 9, pp. 101

- 10 5 ; 16, pp. 150

- 16 3 ]. During the July 2009 sampling event, EPA collected ground water samples from monitoring wells in the vicinity of the SFI and Biddelman properties [Ref. 5, pp. 36

- 47; 6, pp. 6

- 8, 12, 14

- 54]. These samples showed TCE concentrations ranging from non

- detect to 12 μg/ L and PCE concentrations ranging from non

- detect to 35 μg/L [Ref. 9, pp. 2

- 18, 52

- 69, 81

- 95]. The sampling results indicate that TCE, PCE, and other contaminants are present in monitoring wells located more than 400 feet from the SFI and Biddelman properties [Ref. 6, p. 12]. A review of environmental databases indicated that three facilities associated with waste codes F001 to F005 (i.e., spent halogenated solvents that might contain PCE or TCE) are located within 1⁄4 mile of the SFI facility [Ref. 17, pp. 62

- 64, 110

- 114, 131

- 164]. Kaye & MacDonald Inc. The Kaye & MacDonald Inc. (K&M) facility, EPA ID No. NJD986651586 , is located at 11

- 15 Central Avenue in West Orange, approximately 0.95 mile northwest of the Orange Park well and 1.25 miles southwest of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2394

- 2401]. K&M manufactured pressure valves at the facility for more than 50 years [Ref. 20, p. 10]. The facility was classified as an SQG from 1993

- 2003, and it is currently classified as a conditionally exempt sm all quantity generator ( CESQG ) [Ref. 18, pp. 2399

- 2400]. Hazardous wastes associated with this facility include F001, F003, and F005 wastes [Ref. 18, pp. 2400

- 2401]. NJDEP files indicate that environmental concerns at the K&M facility were first identified in 1994 and that there have been several investigation activities since that time [Ref. 20, pp. 10

- 17]. In 1999, historical soil contamination was reported for the facility [Ref. 18, p. 2395]. Analytical results for soil samples collected in July 1999 in dicated the presence of PCE, and ground water samples collected between June 2000 and November 2002 indicated the presence of PCE and TCE [Ref. 20, pp. 46

- 182]. In addition, a sample of free

- floating gasoline collected from a ground

- water monitoring well i n December 2001 contained 237 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of PCE [Ref. 20, pp. 51

- 52, 107]. Mastro Craft Woodworking (a.k.a. Joe Berardi Furniture Refinishing)19 The Mastro Craft Woodworking (a.k.a. Joe Berardi Furniture Refinishing) facility, EPA ID No. N JR000033225 , is located at 540 Mitchell Street in Orange, approximately 0.88 mile northwe st of the Orange Park well and 1.27 miles southwest of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2423

- 2429]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 2000, but it is currently classified as a non

- generator [Ref. 18, pp. 2424

- 2425]. In 2007, waste classified as F003 was removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, p. 2426]. Tryco Tool & Mfg Co Inc.
The Tryco Tool & Mfg Co Inc. facility, EP A ID No. NJD002145001 , is located at 363 South Jefferson Street in Orange, approximately 0. 87 mile northwest of the Orange Park well and 1. 35 miles southwest of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2607

- 2640]. The facility was classified as an SQG i n 1980 and an LQG from 1990

- 2002, and it is currently classified as an SQG [Ref. 18, pp. 2607

- 2608]. The facility received several notices of violation, including “significant
non
- complier” in January 1998 [Ref. 18, pp. 2608

- 2612]. From 1989

- 1999, wastes c lassified as F001

- Unknown were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF for material recovery [Ref. 18, pp. 2626

- 2639]. NJ Transit Auth Bus Oper Orange Garage (a.k.a. Orange Bus Garage)
The NJ Transit Auth Bus Oper Orange Garage (a. k.a. Orange Bus Garage) facility, EPA ID No. NJD981134828, is located at 420 Thomas Boulevard in Orange , approximately 0.3 mile northeast of the Gist Place well and 1. 65 miles north

- north east of the Orange Park well [ Figure 1; Ref. 18, p. 372

- 389 ]. The facility, which has operated as a bus garage since 1967, was classified as an LQG from 1990

- 1994, and it is currently classified as a CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 372

- 374 ; 20, p. 588]. In 1993, wastes classified as F005

- Unknown were removed from the facility and trans ported to a registered TSDF for incineration [Ref. 18, pp. 375

- 378]. A 1,000

- gallon waste oil underground storage tank (UST) was installed at the facility in 1986 and is still in use [Ref. 18, pp. 384, 388; 20, p. 525 ]. The facility has received written no tices of violation (NOV) [Ref. 18, p. 374]. In 1996, there was a leak from the oil/water separator that might have entered the storm drain system [Ref. 18, pp. 382

- 383].
NJDEP files indicate that various environmental investigations have occurred at the facility since the 1980s and that several areas of concern (AOC) have been identified , with an apparent focus on petroleum hydrocarbons [Ref. 20, pp. 457

- 1372]. TCE, PCE, and cis

- 1,2

- DCE have been detected in numerous ground water samples collected at the facility from 1994

- 2006 , and TCE was detected in at least one soil sample [Ref. 20, pp. 473

- 537, 597

- 608, 629

- 651, 868

- 877, 901

- 926, 964, 1026

- 1040 , 1125

- 1129, 1177

- 1187, 1222

- 1237, 1307

- 1327]. Parker Precision Products Compan y
The Parker Precision Produ cts Company facility, EPA ID No. NJD986628105 , is located at 32 Bell Street in Orange , approximately 0.7 3 mile southwest of the Gist Place well and 0.98 mile north

- northwest of the Orange Park well [ Figure 1; Ref. 18, p p. 1257

- 1261 ]. The facility was class ified as an S QG in 1992 , but it is currently not classified as a generator [Ref. 18, p. 1259 ]. In 1993, wastes classified as F00 1-U nknown were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF for incineration [Ref. 18, p. 1260]. Electronic da ta obtained from NJDEP indicates that PCE was detected in solid samples collected at the facility in 1999, and that PCE and TCE were detected in ground water samples collected from 1999

- 2004 [Ref. 20, pp. 275

- 425]. H Reisman Corp (a.k.a. Lycored Corp)
Th e H Reisman Corp (a.k.a. Lycored Corp) facility, EPA ID No. NJD052789823 , is located at 377 Crane Street in Orange, approximately 0.76 mile southwest of the Gist Place well and 0.76 mile north

- northwest of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 1347

- 1377]. The facility was classified as an LQG from 199 2- 2001 , and it is currently classified
as a n SQG [Ref. 18, pp. 1349

- 1351 ]. In 2009 , waste classified as F00 1 w as removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, p. 1363 ]. I n 199 3 , there was a report to NJDEP of contaminated soil and ground water at the facility [Ref. 18, pp. 1376

- 1377].
Water Works Lab Inc.
The Water Works L ab Inc facility, EPA ID No. NJD982738551 , is located at 3 64 Glenwood Avenue in East Orange, approximately 0.7 7 mile east of the Gist Place well and 1.71 miles northeast of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 1 378 -1 392 ]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 19 89 and an LQG in 1992 , and it is currently classified as a CESQG [Ref. 18, p p. 1378

- 1380 ]. From 1991

- 1994 , wastes classified as F001 -U nknown were removed from the facility20 and transported to a registered TSDF for material recovery [Ref. 18, p p. 1381

- 1389 ]. In 2008

- 2009, wastes classified as F002 were removed from the facility and transported t o a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 1390

- 1392]. Electronic Control Security Incorporated (a.k.a. Otis Elevator Company)
The Electronic Control Security Incorporated (a.k.a. Otis Elevator Company) facility, EPA ID No. NJD000261347 , is located at 101 H alsted S treet in East Orange, approximately 0.6 mile east

- northeast of the Orange Park well and 1.21 miles south

- southeast of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2313

- 231 5 ]. In 1990, waste classified as F001

- U nknown was removed from the facility and tra nsported to a registered TSDF for material recovery [Ref. 18, pp. 2313

- 2314]. The NJDEP files for this facility contain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a product that contained 35 percent PCE [Ref. 20, pp. 190

- 201]. East Orange Bd of Ed Service Bu ilding
The East Orange Bd of Ed Service Building facility, EPA ID No. NJD986649523 , is located at 16 Winans Street in East Orange, approximately 1. 06 miles east of the Orange Park well and 1.47 miles southeast of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2742

- 2752]. The facility was classified as a CE SQG from 1993

- 200 1 , and it is currently classified as a n SQG [Ref. 18, pp. 2 744 -2 745 ]. Hazardous wastes associated with this facility include carbon tetrachloride and F002 waste [Ref. 18, pp. 2 745

- 2746].
Fl oridian Cleaners Inc.
The Fl oridian Cleaners Inc. facility, EPA ID No. NJD071170351 , is located at 68 City Hall Plaza in East Orange, approximately 1. 05 miles east of the Orange Park well and 1.47 miles southeast of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2959

- 2971]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1985 and an SQG in 2009, and it is currently classified as an LQG [Ref. 18, pp. 2 959

- 2961 ]. In 2009, wastes classified as F002 were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [R ef. 18, pp. 2 962

- 2971 ]. NJDEP files indicate that PCE was detected in a soil sample collected at the facility in September 2004 [Ref. 20, pp. 426

- 456].
Veterans Admin. Medical Center
The Veterans Admin. Medical Center facility, EPA ID No. NJ0360010375 , i s located on Tremont Avenue in East Orange, approximately 0.52 mile south

- southwest of the Orange Park well and 1.86 miles south

- southwest of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 3869

- 3900]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1997 and an LQG f rom 2001

- 2004, and it is currently classified as an SQG [Ref. 18, pp. 3870

- 3872]. The facility received several notices of violation, including “significant non

- complier” in J une 1997 [Ref. 18, pp. 3874

- 3877 ]. From 1989

- 199 0 , wastes classified as F00 3- U nkn own were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF for treatment [Ref. 18, pp. 3893

- 3900 ].
E&Y Scotland Cleaners
The E&Y Scotland Cleaners facility, EPA ID No. NJD042913442 , is located at 675 Scotland Road in Orange, approximately 0.97 mile west

- southwest of the Orange Park well and 1.91 miles southwest of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 3980

- 3983]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1984 and a CESQG in 2006, but it is currently classified as a non

- generator [Ref. 18 , pp. 3980

- 3981]. Hazardous wastes associated with this facility include PCE, F001, and F002 waste [Ref. 18, pp. 3981

- 3982].
239 Central Ave. LLC
The 239 Central Ave. LLC facility, EPA ID No. NJR000066167 , is located at 239 Central Ave nue in East Orange, approximately 1.06 mile s south east of the Orange Park well and 1.98 miles south

- southeast of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 4090

- 4095]. The facility has been cla ssified as an LQG since 2007 [Ref. 18, pp. 4092

- 4094 ]. In 2007, waste PCE and F002 waste were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 4090

- 4095 ]. Brick Church Dry Cleaners
The B rick Church Dry Cleaners f acility, EPA ID No. NJD986615128 , is located at 519 Main Street in East Orange, approximately 0 .85 mile east

- nor th east of the Orange Park well and 1.18 miles south

- southeast of the Gist Place well21 [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 1953

- 1955 ]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1991, but it is currently classified as a non

generator [Ref. 18, pp. 1953

- 1954 ]. In 1996 , waste classified as “F 002 -H ALO SOLV + STILL BOTTOMS FM REC OF SOLV ” was removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF for incineration [Ref. 18, pp. 1954

- 1955 ].
Bell Atlantic The Bell Atlantic facility, EPA ID No. NJD980772099 , is located at 650 Park Avenue in East Orange, approximately 0.6 mile south east of the Gist Place well and 1.1 miles north

- northeast of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 848

- 856 ]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 198 4, but it is curr ently classified as a non

- generator [Ref. 18, pp. 848

- 849 ]. In 200 6 , waste classified as F00 3 w as removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 851

- 852 ]. Maaco Auto Painting & Bodyworks
The Maaco Auto Painting & Bodyworks f acility, EPA ID No. NJD063146716 , is located at 46 Central Avenue in Orange, approximately 0.24 mile northea st of the Orange Park well and 1. 21 mile s south of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2229

- 2236]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1983 and an LQG in 1994 , and it is currently classified as a CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 2 22 9-2 230 ]. In 2007, waste classified as F003 was removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 2232

- 2233]. Du Rite Auto Body Inc.
The Du Rite Auto Body Inc. facility, EPA ID No. NJD982718330 , is located at 43 Central Avenue in Orange, approximately 0.24 mile northea st of the Orange Park well and 1.18 mile s south of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2259

- 2263]. The facility was classif ied as an SQG in 1988, and it is currently classified as a CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 2259

- 2261]. In 2008

- 2009, wastes classified as F003 were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 2262

- 2263]. George’s Auto Body Inc. (a.k.a. George’s Body Shop)
The George’s Auto Body Inc. (a.k.a. George’s Body Shop) facility, EPA RCRA handler ID No. NJD054898457 , is located at 522 Beach Street in Orange, approximately 0.97 mile we st of the Orange Park well and 1. 85 miles southwest of the G ist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 3779

- 3783 ]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1984 and an SQG in 1992 , but it is currently classified as a non

- generator [Ref. 18, pp. 3780

- 3781 ]. In 200 8 , waste classified as F003 was removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, p. 3779 ]. East Orange General Hospital The East Orange General Hospital facility, EPA RCRA

- CESQG ID No. NJD067521070 , is located at 300 Central Avenue in East Orange, approximately 0.97 mile ea st

- southeast of the Orange Park well and 1.88 miles south

- southeast of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 3 808

- 3825 ]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 199 6, and it is currently classified as a CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 3 820

- 3821 ]. In 200 7 and 2009 , waste s cl assified as F003 w ere removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, p p . 3 823

- 3825 ]. Cozzolino Inc. (a.k.a. Cozzolino Furniture Design Inc)
The Cozzolino Inc. (a.k.a. Cozzolino Furniture Design Inc) facility, EPA ID No. NJX000277822 , is located at 20 Standish Avenue in We st Orange, approximately 0.48 mile west of the Gist Place well and 1. 41 miles north

- northwe st of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 620

- 634 ]. From 2007

- 200 9 , wastes classified as F00 5 were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 622

- 629 ]. NJDEP files indicate that TCE and 1,2

- DCE were detected in a ground water sample collected at the facility in March 1991 [Ref. 20, pp. 1373

- 1406].

Hazardous Substances Released:
Cis

- 1,2

- Dichloroethylene (cis

- 1,2

- DCE) CAS No. 000156

- 59 -2 Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) CAS No. 000127

- 18 -422 Trichloroethylene (TCE) CAS No. 000079

- 01 -6

================================================================================== Gro und Water Observed Release Factor Value: 55023 GW

- Waste Characteristics

3.2 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

3.2.1 Toxicity/Mobility
Hazardous Substance Source Numbers Toxicity Factor Value Mobility Factor Value Toxicity/ Mobility Reference
cis

- 1,2

- Dichloroe thylene 1, OR 100 1.0 100 2, p. 4 Tetrachloroethylene 1, OR 100 1.0 100 2, p. 5 Trichloroethylene 1, OR 1,000 1.0 1,000 4 2, p. 2 ; 43, pp. 1- 12
OR = Observed Release

3.2.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity
Source Number Source Hazardous Waste Quantity (HWQ) Value (Section 2.4.2.1.5) Is source hazardous constituent quantity data complete? (yes/no) 1 >0 No
Sum of Values: 1 (rounded to 1 as specified in HRS Section 2.4.2.2) The sum corresponds to a hazardous waste quantity factor value of 1 in Table 2 -6 of the HRS [Ref. 1, p. 51591]. However, based on the fact that targets are subject to Level I concentrations (see Section 3.3.2.3), a hazardous waste quantity factor value of 100 is assigned if it is greater than the hazardous waste quantity value from Table 2

- 6 (i.e., 1) [Ref. 1, pp 51591

- 51592]. Therefore, a hazardous waste quantity factor value of 100 is assigned for the ground water pathway [ Ref. 1, p p 51591

- 51592]

.

3.2.3 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value TCE corresponds to the toxici ty/mobility factor value of 1,000 , as shown previously (see Section 3.2.1). Toxicity/Mobility Factor Value ( 1,000 ) x Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value (100): 1 x 10 5

The product (1 x 10 5 ) corresponds to a Waste Characteristics Factor Category Val ue of 18 in Table 2

- 7 of the HRS [Ref. 1, p. 51592].

=========================================================== == ===================== Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 100 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 1824 GW

- Ta rgets

3.3 TARGETS
The Orange Water Department system consists of six active wells and serve s a population of 33 , 00 0 people [Ref. 8, p. 44; 21, p. 1; 32, p. 2] . No single well contributes more than 40 percent of the total blended system , so the population is apportioned equally among the system components (i.e., six wells) [Ref. 1, p. 51603; 8, p. 44; 3 2, pp. 1 -2 ] . Therefore, the Gist Place and Orange Park wells each is apportioned a population of 5,500 people [Ref. 8, p. 44; 21, p. 1 ; 32, pp. 1 -2 ]. The apportioned populations and levels of contamination are presented below:

Well Distance from Source (mi.)* Population Level I Conc. (Y/N)** Level II Conc. (Y/N)** Potential Contam. (Y/N) Reference(s)
Gist Place 0.7 5,500 Y N N Figure 1; 21, p. 1; 32, pp. 1

- 2 Orange Park 0.7 5,500 Y N N Figure 1; 21, p. 1; 32, pp. 1

- 2 * Distance is measured from the center of the area of observed ground water contamination [Figure 1]. ** Maximum Contaminant Level/Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCL/MCLG), Reference Dose Screen Concentration (RfD), and Cancer Risk Screen Concentration (CRSC) were used as benchmarks to evaluate the level of contamination [Ref. 1, p. 51593]. Applicable benchmarks for the contaminants detected in the observed release, presented here in μg/L for consistency with reported data, are as follows:
Substance MCL/MCLG RfD CRSC Reference(s) cis

- 1,2

- DCE 70 360

--- 2, p. 6 PCE 5 360 1.6 2, p. 7 TCE 5 11 1.0 2, p. 10 ; 43, p. 12

Level I Concentrations
Well Sample Substance Conc. (μg/L) Benc hmark (μg/L) Reference(s) Gist Place SFI

- PSW01 PCE 36 1.6 (CRSC) 2, p. 7 ; 9, p. 36 TCE 11 1.0 (CRSC) 9, p. 36 ; 43, p. 12 Orange Park SFI

- PSW02 PCE 12 1.6 (CRSC) 2, p. 7 ; 9, p. 40 TCE 2.8 1.0 (CRSC) 9, p. 39 ; 43, p. 1225 GW

- Nearest Well/Populati on

3.3.1 Nearest Well As identified in Section 3.3 of this document, t he Gist Place and Orange Park drinking water well s are subject to Level I
con centrations . Therefore, a nearest well factor value of 50 is assigned [Ref. 1, pp. 51602, 51603].

========================================= == ======================================= Nearest Well Factor Value: 50

3.3.2 Population

3.3.2.2 Level I Concentrations As identified in Section 3.3, the Gist Place and Orange Park drinking water wells are subject to Level I concentrations. The population s assigned to the well s are also explained in Section 3.3.
Level I Well Population Reference(s) Gist Place 5,500 2, pp. 7, 10; 9, p. 36 ; 21, p. 1; 32, pp. 1 -2 ; 42, p. 2; 43, p. 12 Orange Park 5,500 2, pp. 7, 10; 9, p. 40 ; 21, p. 1; 32, pp. 1 -2 ; 42, p. 2; 43, p. 12

================================================= == =============================== Population Served by Level I Wells: 11,000 Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 110 , 00 0

3.3.2.3 Level II Concen trations The populations serve d by the contaminated drinking water well s ( Gist Place and Orange Park ) are already counted under the Level I concentrations factor. The Level II concentrations factor value is 0 because there are no other points of withdraw al subject to Level II concentrations [Ref. 1, p. 51603].
Level II Well Population Reference(s) N/A N/A N/A

================================================ ================================== Population Served by Level II Wells: 0 Level II Concentrations Factor Value: 0

3.3.2.4 Potential Contamination Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Potential Contamination Factor Value was not scored.

===================================== ============================================ Potentia l Contamination Factor Value: NS26 GW

- Resources/Wellhead Protection Area

3.3.3 Resources

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Resources Factor Value was not scored.

================================================= = ================================ Resources Fac tor Value: NS

3.3.4 Wellhead Protection Area Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Wellhead Protection Area Factor Value was not scored.

=================================================================================== Wellhead Protection Area Factor Value: NS