DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTJS SMITH, DIRECTOR

BULLETIN 436

THE FAUNA OF THE

PHOSPHATE BEDS OF THE PARK CITY

FORMATION

IN

IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH

BY

GEORGE H. GIRTY

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1910

CONTENTS.

rage.

Introduction............................................................... 5

Description of specie.'!..........................................t.............. 20

Annelida?............................................................. 20

Brachiopoda.......... i..:.............-............................... 20

Pelecypoda............................................................. 36

Scaphopoda........................................................... 44

Gastropoda............................................................. 4.5

Cephalopoda...............................................'........... 52

Ostracoda............................................................. 55

Register of localities....................................................... 59

Index.................................................................... 81

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Pages. 

Plates I-V1I. Views of fossils............................................. 63-80

THE FAUNA OF THE PHOSPHATE BEDS OF THE PARK 

CITY FORMATION IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH.

By GEORGE H. GIRTY.

INTRODUCTION.

The following report deals with the fauna of a series of upper 

Carboniferous phosphate-bearing shales, about 100 feet thick, in the 

St'ates of Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho. At the time the report was 

written I had no immediate knowledge of the geology of this region 

except that gained by observations made during a few days in Weber 

Canyon many years ago. I am indebted to F. B. Weeks and W. F. 

Ferrier for practically all the collections on which this report is based, 

and also for the geologic sections and such other facts bearing on the 

stratigraphic relations of the beds as have been necessaiy to show 

the geologic relations of the fauna.

-During the time, now nearly two years, which has elapsed since 

the report was completed many additional stratigraphic and paleontologic data concerning the region considered have been collected 

by me and. by others. Although the later collections made have 

increased slightly the list of species furnished by the original collections and have afforded further information concerning the distribution of the species, it has not seemed desirable to include the new 

matter in the present report, the body of which remains in this 

respect as originally prepared. The stratigraphic data, however, in 

so far as they are essential to a proper understanding of the stratigraphic relations of the phosphate fauna, have been brought abreast 

of present knowledge.

The geologic formations directly connected with the phosphate 

deposits seem to be a continuation of those of the Wasatch Mountains 

described by geologists of the Fortieth Parallel Survey. They were 

discussed by King under the names Weber quartzite, Upper Coal 

Measures limestone, and Permo-Carboniferous. Subsequently the 

"Upper Coal Measures limestone" was named by Boutwell the Park 

City formation, from its occurrence in the Park City quadrangle, in 

northern Utah. The phosphate beds, then, occupy a position near

5
6 ' FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

the middle of the Park City formation. They lie between two limestones, also belonging to the same formation.

The three members of the Park City formation vary from point to 

point in lithology and in thickness, as well as in fauna. In the 

Montpelier district the upper limestone marks an important horizon 

for determining the position of the phosphate deposits. It is massive, contains here and there much black chert, and is at many 

places full of fossils, especially of several species of Productus, from 

which fact it is often called the "Productus limestone." Not far to 

the north, in the Swan Lake district, the upper limestone is replaced 

by siliceous or cherty shale of dark-purplish color. This cherty 

shale is not as a rule a prominent feature of the stratigraphy nor 

does it at many places contain fossils.

The lower limestone in the Montpelier region is of a whitish or 

buff color and at some places appears to be a fine-grained calcareous 

sandstone rather than a limestone. As a rule its fossils are very 

few and so ill preserved as to be indeterminable. In the Swan Lake 

district, on the other hand, this bed is a massive whitish, more or 

less siliceous limestone containing in abundance poorly preserved 

silicified fossils, among them species of Spirifer, Sguamularia, and 

probably Composita. In its upper portion a large semireticulate 

Productus is found, and fine, black, earthy limestones that locally 

appear at its very top contain numerous specimens of Spirifer, 

Productus, and Composita. In this region the lower limestone serves 

much better than the upper as a guide for finding the phosphate 

beds, and for several reasons, more or less obvious, it seems to have 

been generally inferred that the guide rock was the same in both 

areas and that the series was overturned in the Sw,an.Lake region. 

There is, however, hardly room for reasonable doubt that the stratigraphic sequence is normal in both regions and that the beds themselves differ in character in the two areas.

The phosphate beds consist mostly of soft rock, shales, phosphates, 

and impure limestones, the latter seldom more than a few inches thick. 

The shales are more or less phosphatic and the phosphate bands are 

more or less argillaceous. Their prevailing color is black, weathering 

to brown, but in the Beokwith Hills £he color of the phosphate and 

associated rock is buff or even reddish. The thickness of the phosphate-bearing shales ranges from 60 to 100 feet. The main deposits of 

phosphate occur, as'arule, at the base of the series, so that in the 

Montpelier district they he about that distance below the "upper 

Productus limestone," but in the Swan Lake district they occur 

immediately above the " lower Productus limestone."

The remaining formations concern the present report less closely. 

The beds below the Park City formation in southern Idaho have been 

identified with the Weber quartzite, which holds a similar position in
IN IDAHO; WYOMING, AND UTAH. . 7

the Wasatch Range. The equivalence of the strata in the two sections, especially in detail, is not entirely clear. In Idaho the "lower 

Productus limestone" abruptly grades below into white sandstones 

and quartzites, and the Mississippian limestones are succeeded above 

by light-colored limestones that include more or less interbedded 

quartzitic sandstones, these being probably of Pennsylvanian age. 

Between these two quartzite-bearing groups comes in a series of soft 

beds approximately 1,000 feet thick. They are poorly exposed but 

seem to comprise soft sandstones and soft earthy limestones of reddish or yellowish tints. If the upper quartzitic beds are called the 

Weber, the division between the Weber and the Park City is not easy 

to determine. It may prove desirable to draw the line at the base of 

the phosphate shales and to include the siliceous limestones and calcareous sandstones of the "lower Productus limestone" in the Weber. 

If so, the thin stratum of black limestone which at some places occurs 

at the base of the phosphate beds and has here been spoken of as part 

of the "lower Productus limestone" may perhaps better be united 

with the Park City formation, because the fossils obtained in it indicate a certain change from the fauna of the white limestone below 

and an affinity with the fauna of the phosphate series above. In any 

event, the Weber quartzite, whose fauna is almost unknown, seems 

to show considerable modification in the Idaho sections.

In notable contrast to the Weber formation, the beds above the 

Park City formation show striking persistence in their main lithologic 

and paleontologic characters. These are the '' Permo-Carboniferous " 

beds of the King Survey and were divided by Boutwell in the Park 

City district into the Woodside, Thaynes, and Ankareh formations. 

It seems all but certain that the "Permian" of Walcott's section in 

Kanab Canyon, in southern Utah; the "Permo-Carboniferous" of 

the Wasatch Mountains, in northern Utah; and, in part, the "lower 

Triassic" of southeastern Idaho are one and the same series. The 

Woodside, Thaynes, and Ankareh do not, perhaps, maintain precise 

boundaries throughout all this territory, and in Idaho the first occurence of Triassic ammonites (Meekoceras beds) is conventionally taken 

as the base of the Thaynes.

A varied and abundant fauna is also found in the "Permo-Carboniferous," though many of the fossils obtained at that horizon are 

in a poor state of preservation. The fauna which is largely undescribed is in marked contrast to that of the Park City formation 

beneath, consisting almost exclusively of pelecypods. Of these the 

group showing the richest differentiation is doubtless the pectinoids, of 

which many species can be discriminated. From this formation 

in the Wasatch Mountains Hall and Whitfield have described and 

identified Myalina aviculoides, M. permiana, Aviculipecten curticardinalis, A. weberensis, A. parvulus, and Sedgwickia concava.
8 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

The Triassic age of at least the major portion of the "PermoCarboniferous" (Thaynes and Ankareh) seems to be shown by fairly 

satisfactory evidence the presence of an extensive ammonite fauna 

of Triassic type and the practical absence of any distinctive Carboniferous forms. In advance of a-detailed study of these faunas, however, it may be pointed out that above the Meekoceras beds there are 

zones which contain great numbers of RhyncTionella closely related 

to the Carboniferous Pugnax Utah and many specimens of apparently 

true Myalina, not unlike Carboniferous species.

It is much less certain that the Woodside formation is not Palezoic 

(Permian?). A preliminary study of the fauna of the Woodside 

shows that, except that it has yielded no ammonitic forms, it does 

not differ materially from the fauna of the Thaynes and presents a 

strong contrast to the Carboniferous fauna of the Park City. Lithologically also there is a well-marked division between the Woodside 

and the Park City formation, and no lithologic boundary can be 

traced between the Woodside and the Thaynes. That the Woodside, Thaynes, and Ankareh form a natural group is indicated by the 

classification of these rocks adopted by most geologists. If the 

Thaynes is Mesozoic, the obvious line between the Mesozoic and the 

Paleozoic would seem to be the line between the Park City and the 

Woodside. If, then, as may be tentatively concluded, the Woodside 

does not represent the Permian, the natural question to follow is, 

Does not the Park City formation belong in the Permian.? A decisive 

judgment on this point should wait upon a careful study of the 

faunas obtained from other members of the Park City beds, as well 

as upon a study of other related faunas less certainly appearing at the 

same horizon. Because of the close relationship or identity of many 

species of these faunas with the Gschelian fauna of Russia, I am provisionally holding that the Park City formation is older than the

Permian.

Anyone at all familiar with the Carboniferous faunas of the Mississippi Valley will at once recognize the fact that the forms found in 

the phosphate beds, individually as well as collectively, are quite different from any others found in that area. In fact, but few of the 

phosphate species have closely related forms in the Pennsylvanian, 

and a correlation by paleontology with any definite portion of the 

Pennsylvanian section is at present impossible. Even among western 

faunas this has an extremely individual and novel facies, one which 

is known to me as occurring only in a well-defined area.

Some of the peculiarities of the phosphate fauna may well be pointed 

out. So far as known, the Protozoa (Fusulina}, corals, and Bryozoa 

are entirely absent from it, although those groups are fairly well represented in most of our American Carboniferous faunas, both eastern 

and western. The brachiopods, usually so abundant and highly dif-
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 9

ferentiated, are here rather rare and restricted, except for the genus 

Chonetes, which is hot ordinarily AT ery plentiful. The scarcity of 

the genus Productus and of the Spirifericlse, which dominate most 

faunas of the Carboniferous, is noteworthy. The gastropods, 

pelecypods, and goniatites, on the other hand, are somewhat unusually well represented. The most common and at the same time the 

most singular and characteristic types of the phosphate fauna are 

undoubtedly Chonetes ostiolatus and its varieties, Pugnax weeksi, P. 

weeksi var. nobilis, Omplialotrocfius ferrieri, and 0. conoideus, but 

perhaps Nucula montpelierensis, Yoldia mcchesneyana, and Oastrioceras simulator also deserve mention in a secondary degree. Although 

one of the rarer forms, Grammysia? carbonaria is a striking and interesting type. There are few species closely related to these among 

the Carboniferous faunas yet described from North America. 

It has already been mentioned that the phosphate beds constitute

a part of the strata called by the geologists of the Fortieth Parallel 

Survey (in the Wasatch Mountains section) the "Upper Coal Measures limestone," and later described by Boutwell and other writers 

under the name Park City formation. Even from the fauna of the 

associated rocks that of the phosphate beds presents striking differences, and one is led to infer tentatively that the segregation of 

the phosphatic material was original, contemporaneous with, and 

in some way connected with the peculiar differentiation of the fauna 

accompanying it.

Though the phosphate fauna possesses a remarkable individuality of 

facies it is not altogether out of relationship with other formational 

faunas, for with the aid of the fossils from the associated rocks it 

can be recognized as belonging to a fauna widely dispersed over the 

West and traceable, it is believed, even into Alaska, Asia, and eastern 

Europe. The other western faunas of about the same geologic age 

are largely composed of representatives of the Brachiopoda and Bryozoa, especially of the Productidae and Spiriferidse. Thus there is 

little common ground for comparison, but though the abundant and 

characteristic features of the phosphate fauna are peculiar to it, 

where a common ground for comparison does exist an agreement can 

be found to a considerable extent, and some of the less abundant 

forms have a wider distribution. These western faunas have not 

been studied in detail and in many localities the rocks in which they 

occur have not been discriminated into formations and named, so that 

it is possible to speak of them only in a general way. If, however, 

we eliminate the beds of recognized lower Carboniferous age, such 

as the "Wasatch limestone" of Utah (lower part), the Redwall.limestone of the Grand Canyon section, and the Baird shale of California, 

and also certain younger divisions such as the " Permo-Garboniferous" of the Wasatch Mountains and surrounding region, the Permian
10 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

of the Grand Canyon section, the Guadalupian series of Texas, and, 

perhaps, a few others, we have left a group of rocks, as already 

remarked, which is widely distributed throughout the West (including Alaska) and which constitutes the major portion of the Carboniferous representation in that extensive area. The fauna of these 

formations thus tentatively grouped together, though presenting 

many local modifications, can, in a general way, be correlated with 

the Gschelian fauna of the Ural Mountains, some of the American 

assemblages presenting truly remarkable resemblances to those of 

Russia.

In the phosphate fauna the resemblance is, perhaps, rather distant, for of the Gschelian fauna we know little aside from its brachiopods, which have been described by Tschernyschew and others. 

Nevertheless, it is a notable fact that the four species of Productus 

which the phosphate fauna has furnished have' closely related types 

in the Gschelian, and although, lacking material for comparison, I 

have provisionally given new names to the American forms, it may 

well be that they will prove to be identically the same. A similar 

correspondence may be noted in one or two other Brachiopoda also.

The fauna of the phosphate beds, as it occurs in our collection, is 

shown in the accompanying table, from which the species found at 

each station, as well as the composite faunas of the°different horizons 

and sections, can readily be determined.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 11

Distribution of the fauna of the phosphate beds of the Park City formation of Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah.a

Cardiomorpha (?) sp ...............................

Euphemus subpapillosus ..........................

Pseudomelania (?) sp ..............................

Goniatites (?) sp ...................................

$

X

S01

X

CO h~

05

V

 V

V

%O5

V

X

00 

Oi

C3 i

X

(?)

y

X

X

.0i

<N

COo>

V

05 cV5 OJ

X

V

/

o

X

X

X

X

y

X

X

X

X

,0 

CO

o> 1

'

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

a The numbers at the head of the columns in the table are those given to the collections examined. The 

localities at which these collections were obtained are described in the register of local ities on pages 59-01.
FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

Distribution of the fauna of the phosphate beds of the Park City formation of Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah Continued.

Aviculipecten ( ?) montpelierensis ..................

T3 

00

§

v

X

<u

0006

O5

X

y

V

V

V

V

00

oo 

o

X

CO 

oog?

X

1

1

1

S3

00

oo

O5 i

X

X X

X

3O5

X

X

i

v

V

i

V

ci

§

X

i

X

03

X

X

X
IN IDAHO; WYOMING, AND UTAH. 13

Distribution of the fauna of the phosphate beds of the Park City formation of Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah Continued.

Edmondia (?) phosphatica. ...............

Omphalotrochus conoldeus ...............

Goniatites (?) sp. .........................

Hollina emaciata var. occidentalis. .......

o.

«5c«3

v

v

V

X

y

y

X

y

X

y

V

X

X

y

X

y

t^

X

X 

X

!

(?)

X

3 

S

X

03

^

X

1

X

0?

X

Y

X

X

a

X

X

i

e>

X

X

X

§

X

C3 i

X

(N

X

J^

Y

X

TT1

X

X

a "Cap lime."
14 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

Distribution of the fauna of the phosphate beds of the Park City formation of Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah Continued.

Pucn3iX oscisensis vur occidentalis

Can- Weber

yon.

V

X

'

Woodruff 

Creek.

X

v

Crawford Mountains.

X.

x

Sublette 

Range.

X

X

V

X

X

X

X 

X

Thomas 

Fork.

X 

X

X

v

X

(?)

X

X

X

y

X

X

X 

X 

v

X 

X

v

Xv

v

v

Bear Lake.

X

X

Montpelier

X

y

X

X

X

X

X

X

X 

X

y

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X 

X

X

X

X

X

y

X 

X

P reusRange.

X

X 

X

X

X

X

X

The present report includes collections from the phosphate beds 

from eight districts Weber Canyon, Woodruff Creek, the Crawford 

Mountains, the Sublette Range, Thomas Fork, Bear Lake, Montpelier, 

and the Preuss Range (exclusive of Montpelier). By far the most 

numerous and complete are the collections from Montpelier. From 

this area we have more than 30 lots, most of which were obtained from 

the limestone above the main phosphate bed, which, in local parlance, 

is known as the "Cap lime." As these lots all came from the same 

horizon and from a small area near Montpelier, in some cases even 

from the same locality, it has seemed best for purposes of tabulation 

to group the fossils from the "Cap lime" at Montpelier under a single 

number, 3511. The fauna of the "Cap lime," therefore, can be ascertained by consulting the column in the foregoing table headed by 

that number.
IN IDAHO; WYOMING, AND UTAH. 15

The following section, which was furnished me by Messrs. Weeks 

and Ferrier, shows the constituent members of the phosphate beds in 

the Montpelier district. It was taken from cut 4A, at the north end 

of the Waterloo claim:

Section at north end of Waterloo claim, Montpelier, Idaho. 

Soil. Ft. in. 

Phosphatic shale............................................. 10

Limestone No. 3............................................. 6

Phosphate No. 4............................................ 1

Shaly limestone.............................................. 1 6

Phosphate No 3............................................ 11

. Limestone No. 2............................................ 1 3

Phosphate No. 2.,.......................................... 2 2

Limestone No. 1 or " Cap lime ".............................. 2

Phosphate No. 1, main bed.................................. 6

Basal limestone, undetermined.

The fauna of the "Cap lime," or limestone No. 1, consists as at 

present known of 26 species about equally divided between the mollusks and the brachiopods, and it includes most of the important 

species of the phosphate fauna.

Nine lots were obtained above the "Cap lime" in the phosphate 

series. The lowest of these is perhaps lot 5069h, from limestone 2 or 3 

and it contains only Pugnax weeksi and P. weeksi var. nobilis, both, 

characteristic species of the "Cap lime."

From nodules in phosphates 3 and 4 was obtained lot 5069, furnishing only Aviculipecten? montpelierensis.

Lot 5068 was collected in limestone No. 3. It comprises only three 

species Lingulidiscina missouriensis, Pugnax weeksi? and ScJiizodus 

ferrieri.

A more extensive fauna was obtained from the base of the first shale 

above limestone No. 3. (5069a), the species obtained being Nucula 

montpelierensis, Yoldia mcchesneyana, Leda obesa, Schizodus ferrieri, 

Aviculipecten? montpelierensis, and Naticopsis tayloriana.

From the second shale above limestone No. 3 our collection contains 

only Aviculipecten? montpelierensis (station 5069c).

From about the same horizon, the upper beds above limestones 

Nos. 2 and 3 (5069g), we have Pugnax weeksi var. nobilis, Cardiomorpha? sp., Schizodus ferrieri, and Aviculipecten? montpelierensis. 

At about this horizon also occurs lot 5069t, in which only Aviculipecten? montpelierensis has been identified.

A single fauna, rather extensive compared with those cited above, 

has been obtained from limestone No. 4 (not shown in the detailed 

section above). It comprises the following species (station 980): 

Grammy sia? carbonaria, Grammysia? sp., Nucula montpelierensis, 

Yoldia mcchesneyana, Leda obesa, Schizodus ferrieri, Aviculipecten? 

montpelierensis, Pleurotomaria aff. nevadensis, Naticopsis tayloriana.
16 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

From a higher horizon, though one still in the phosphate series, our 

collection contains a single lot (965) consisting of a single species, 

Awculipecten? montpelierensis.

As represented in our collections the Montpelier area has furnished 

29 out of the 49 species recognized as belonging to the phosphate 

fauna, the most significant omissions being the groups of cephalopods 

and ostracods which were obtained from the Thomas Fork section. 

Of the 29 species known to occur in the Montpelier district 26, or all 

but 3, are found in the "Cap lime." The forms not yet found in the 

"Cap lime" are Grammy sia? carbonaria, Yoldia mcchesneyana, and 

Naticopsis tayloriana. The "Cap lime" appears to be by all means 

the most abundantly fossiliferous zone of the phosphate series in this 

area and most of the brachiopods as well as most of the peculiar and 

characteristic types of the fauna are restricted to it, or at least to the 

lower portion of the series. The upper faunas comprise a not large 

number of pelecypods and a few gastropods.

From the phosphate beds in the rest of the Preuss Range, we have 

three collections, 993, 993a, and 978, comprising seven species, 

Chonetes ostiolatus, Pugnax weeksi, P. weeksi var. nobilis, Edmondia 

phosphatica, Leda obesa, Pleurotomaria aff. nevadensis, and Omphalotrochus conoideus. These collections are referred to the "Cap lime" 

of the Montpelier section and all the species except Edmondia, phosphatica are common to the "Cap lime" and include some of its characteristic forms.

Our collections from the Weber Canyon district are very meager, 

as the beds are not well exposed there. They consist in fact of but a 

single lot (990e), containing two species, Lingula carbonaria ? and Lingulidiscina utahensis.

From the Woodruff Creek district also we have only two species,

Lingulidiscina missouriensis and Pleurotomaria aff. nevadensis (from

station 5074), both of which occur also at Montpelier.

Two collections (969 and 992) from the Crawford Mountains contain but a single species each. These are Lingulidiscina missouriensis 

and Awculipecten? montpelierensis, both of which occur at Montpelier.

From the Sublette Range our collections contain four lots (5067, 

5071, 507la, and 5072), with an aggregate of ten species. These are 

Lingula carbonaria?, Lingulidiscina missouriensis, Chonetes ostiolatus 

var. impressus, Chonetes ostiolatus var. minusculus, Ambocodia arcuata, 

Nucula sp., Schizodus ferrieri, Pleurotomaria idaJioensis, Pleurotomaria aff. nevadensis, and Euphemus subpapillosus. All these are 

found also in the Montpelier district except three, Chonetes ostiolatus 

var. minusculus, Chonetes ostiolatus var. impressus, and Euphemus 

subpapillosus. The phosphate fauna has here lost much of its peculiar 

facies, most of the individual and striking species not having been
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 17

found. From what has been said it will follow that the characteristic 

facies of the "Cap lime" also does not appear in this region.

In number our collections from the Thomas Fork district are second 

only to those from Montpelier and the fauna is correspondingly varied. 

There are 16 lots (981, 981 a, 98Ib, 988, 988a, 988b, 988c-/988d, 988e, 

988f, 988g, 988h,'988i, 989, 991, 5070) and 26 species. The species 

are Lingula carbonaria?, Lingula carbonaria var. exporrecta, Lingulidiscina missouriensis, Chonetes ostiolatus, Chonetes ostiolatus var. 

minusculus, Pugnax weeksif, Pugnax weeksi var. nobilis, Ambocodia 

arcuata, Edmondia? phosphatica, Nucula' montp'elierensis, Yoldia 

mcchesneyana, Leda obesa, Schizodus ferrieri, Aviculipecten? montpelierensis, Aviculipecten phosphaticus, Pleurotomaria idahoensis, 

Pleurotomaria afF. nevadensis, Soleniscus aff. altonensis,Pseudomelania? 

sp., Gastrioceras simulator, Gastrioceras? sp., Goniatites? sp., Popanocerasf sp., Hollina emaciatd Var. occidentalism Jonesina carbonifem,

Cytherella benniei. Of .these, 13 are common to the Montpelier 

district and 13 are not., Nine of the latter, are in fact restricted 

to this particular district and consist mainly of the groups of goniatites 

and ostracods which are not elsewhere represented in the phosphate 

fauna, with two species of gastropods. The four other species which 

occur in this area, but hot at Montpelier, are Lingula carbonaria var. 

exporrecta, Chonetes ostiolatus var. minusculus, Edmondia phosphatica, 

and Aviculipecten pliospliaticus. Here again, in the Thomas Fork 

district many of the characteristic and abundant types of the 

"Cap lime" are absent. From this fact one would necessarily infer 

either that the horizon of the'"Cap lime" and possibly the lower 

or main phosphate of the Montpelier district was absent at Thomas 

Fork (unless merely -undiscovered), or that the fauna! peculiarities 

of the "Cap lime," strong as they are, are a local development and 

possibly not to be looked for outside of the Montpelier district. The 

latter inference is doubtless correct.

The stratigraphic occurrence of these collections as determined by 

Messrs. Weeks and Ferrier may be seen from the accompanying section, which has been kindly furnished me.

The top of the section is the massive, cherty limestone reef in 

which Productus is very abundant.

Section of phosphate beds exposed in Coal Canyon, a few miles south of Raymond Canyon,

on the west side of the Sublette Range, Wyoming.

Ft. in.

1. Shaly and shattered limestone............................. 1 9

2. Hard blocky limestone .................................. 3 2

3. Crushed and shaly oolitic limestone.................... J.. 1 10

4. Hard black shattered limestone containing Chonetes ostiolatus 

. (988g)................:................................. 9 8

5. Impure oolitic ehaly phosphate............................ 5

6. Coarse black limestone and shale, in part sandy ^ ^..............,... 7 8,

46446° Bull. 436 10 2
18 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

Ft. in.

7. Hard black limestone, including 3 inches of crushed shale,

containing Lingula carbonaria? and L. carbonaria var. exporrecta (9SM). ........................................ 1 8

8. Oolitic phosphate......................................... 5 10

9. Hard dark-gray blocky limestone, 6 inches shattered at top; 

contains Edmondia phosphatica, Nucula montpelierensis, 

Leda obesa, Aviculipecten phosphaticus?, Pleurotomaria aff. 

nevadensis (988c)....................................... 2 1

10. Black oolitic phosphate with 4-inch band of brown shale 10

inches above base..................................... 4 9

11. Hard gray limestone containing Lingulidisdna missouriensis

(9S8f)................................................. 1 4

12. Shattered and weathered limestone, with streak of 3-inch

phosphate............................................. 2 1

13. Thin shaly and oolitic limestone.......................... 6 6

14. Hard dark-gray limestone containing Lingulidisdna missouri- 

'ensis, Chonetes ostiolatus var. minusculus, Puqnax weeksi var. 

nobilis, Amboccelia arcuata, Leda obesa, Aviculipecten? montpelierensis, Pleurotomaria aff. nevadensis, tlollina emaciata 

var. occidentalis, jonesina carbonifera, Cytherella benniei 

(988e, 991)............................................ 2 2

15. Thin and shattered brown shale with oolitic and nodular

limestone layers..:..................................... 3 3

16. Hard, gray sandy limestone, 8 inches shattered at base; contains Lingulidisdna missouriensis. Nucula montpelierensis, 

Leda obesa, Schizodus ferrieri, Goniatites spi, Pleurotomaria 

idahoensis, Pseudomelania? sp., Jonesina carbonifera, Cytherella benniei (988, 988e)................................. 1 9

17. Black, impure phosphatic shale........................... 4

18. Massive gray limestone with shattered zone in center and at. 

top; contains Pleurotomaria aff. nevadensis, Goniatites? 

sp. (988b). ............................................ 4 8

19. Black and brown thin-bedded phosphatic shale, with limestone layers and large nodules at top; Gastrioceras simulator 

(988h)................................................. 8 6

20. Gray limestone much shattered, 2 to 3 inches at base oolitic.. 3 2

21. Black phosphate, much shattered, dirty and with thin shaly

layers................................................ 3 3

22. Light-brown sandy phosphatic shale....................... 9

23. Black phosphate, much shattered and crushed............. 1 5

24. Light-brown sandy phosphatic shale, shattered transverse to

bedding .............................................. 1 3

25. Impure black phosphate................................. 10

26. Similar to No. 24........................................ 2 2

27. Phosphate, much shattered and contorted................ 4 9

28. Brown shaly material, somewhat pebbly, shattered transverse to bedding...................................... 6

29. Black oolitic phosphate................................. 6

30. Black shale, only slightly oolitic.......................... 1 8

31. Coarse impure oolitic phosphate, with fine limy bands...... 2

32. Dirty phosphate, coarsely oolitic at top.................... 2 4

33. Brown nodular shale.................................... 4 5

98 5
IN IDAHO; WYOMING, AND UTAH. 19

The remainder of the section is covered to and beyond the yellow 

sandstone which forms the base of the phosphate series.

From the Bear Lake district we have but one collection (982), containing two species, Pugnax weeksi var. nobilis and Aviculipecten? 

montpelierensis. The horizon is given as the "Cap lime," and as both 

species occur in the "Cap lime" of the Montpelier district, the faunal 

evidence, so far as it goes, is in agreement with the stratigraphic identification.

A general consideration of the phosphate fauna, so far as it is 

known, in connection with the stratigraphic and geographic occurrence, indicates several facts with considerable clearness. The phosphate fauna has peculiarities of facies not yet known in any otherarea. Its peculiarities are especially found in the lower portion, 

chiefly in the limestone overlying the lower or main phosphate of the 

Montpelier district. These peculiarities are suggested in the faunas

of the Preuss Range and of the Bear Lake district, although the 

evidence is too meager to indicate to what extent this facies extends 

into those areas. On the other hand, this facies is not known in any 

of the other districts from which we have fossils, even when the fauna 

as a whole occurs there. Our collections from the Weber Canyon, 

Woodruff Creek, and Crawford Mountain districts are too incomplete 

to stand as evidence of any conclusiveness on this or almost any other 

point, but those from the Sublette Range and Thomas Fork districts 

are more complete and conclusive. It seems necessary to believe 

either that the lower beds of the Montpelier district are not represented faunally in the districts named (or at all events not in the 

collections from those districts) or more probably that the peculiarities of the Montpelier districts and probably of the remainder of the 

Preuss Range and of the Bear Lake district are local and not characteristic of the fauna as a whole. On the other hand, the Thomas 

Fork fauna itself has rather strongly individual features in the presence of certain species of Ostracoda and Cephalopoda, groups otherwise absent from the phosphate fauna in toto, together with a few 

species of gastropods also peculiar to it.

Acknowledgments are due to Messrs. W. F. Ferrier, F. B. Weeks, 

J. J. Taylor, and C. C. Jones, by whom the collections forming the 

subject-matter of this report were made; far the larger part was 

obtained by Mr. Ferrier and Mr. Weeks, and to Mr. Ferrier am I especially obliged for much of the best and rarest material, which was generously donated by him. To Mr. Weeks I am also indebted for stratigraphic data and other assistance in the preparation of this report.
' DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 

ANNELIDA?

CONULARIID^E.

CONULABIA Mmer. 

CONULARIA Sp.. 

Plate VI, figure 8.

Only two species of Conularia have ,been described from our upper 

Carboniferous rocks, C. roeperi and C. crustula, and the present form 

is much more similar to the latter than to" the former species. It is 

represented in our collections by but a single specimen, which, when 

complete, may have had a length of about 25 mm. The cross section 

is square and the diameter at the larger end about 9 mm. The 

costse occur 11 in 5 mm.

This species differs from C. crustula in being more gradually expanding and in having somewhat more closely arranged costse. It is 

therefore probably new, but the introduction of a new name seems 

hardly justified at present, because some important characters, such 

as the sculpture or crenulations on the costse are unknown, not 

being shown in our specimen.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

BRACHIOPODA.

LINGTJLID^E.

LINGTTLA Bruguidre.

LlNGULA CARBONARIA Shumard ?

Plate I, figures 2-6.

1858. Lingula carbonaria. Shumard, St. Louis Acad. Sci. Trans., vol. 1, p. 215.

Coal Measures: Clark County, Mo. 

1873. Lingula mytiloides? Meek and Worthen, Geol. Survey Illinois, Kept., vol. 5,

p. 572, pi. 25, figs. 2a, 2b, 2c. 

Coal Measures: Illinois.

1899. Lingula mytiloides? Girty, TJ. S. Geol. Survey, Nineteenth Ann. Kept., pt. 3, 

. p. 575. 

Upper Coal Measures: Atoka quadrangle, Hartshorne, Ind. T. [Okla.]; roof shale

of the Grady or Hartshorne coal.

1903. Lingula carbonaria. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 16, p. 342, 

Weber formation: Leadville district, Colorado. 

20
FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS IN IDAHO, WYOMING; AND UTAH. 21

I am loath to identify these western shells with Shumard's species, 

because, since they come from so distant an area and are associated 

with so different a fauna, it seems intrinsically somewhat unlikely 

that they are specifically the same. At least, however, they are 

very similar so far as their characters can now be determined.

Shumard did not figure Lingula carbonaria, and his brief description applies very well to the form under consideration, the chief 

discrepancy being in point of size. The typical form is somewhat 

smaller.

Under the title "Lingula mytiloides Sowerby?" Meek has figured 

a species from Illinois which is probably best regarded as distinct 

from the English form and as identical with that described by 

Shumard. Two of Meek's figures represent small shells, smaller than 

typical L. carbonaria; a third figure is considerably larger. It is, 

in fact, almost exactly twice the size of one of the smaller figures,

and as it also has almost exactly the same shape, it probably represents a mere enlargement of the same. The junction of the lateral 

outline with the cardinal slopes is angular, and in this respect it fails 

to agree with Shumard's description. In this respect also it is unlike 

the form under consideration, but if it is not an enlargement and is 

not distinct specifically from the smaller variety, it is probable that 

typical L. carbonaria does attain even a greater size than the form from 

the phosphate beds. Furthermore, I have identified L. carbonaria 

as far west as Colorado, but from a lower horizon and from an association of species like that of the typical Pennsylvanian and quite 

different from the phosphate fauna. Under the circumstances I 

would hardly feel'justified in describing this as a new species, and a 

provisional identification with L. carbonaria seems the least objectionable course.

The National Museum contains six specimens from Springfield, 111., 

which have been identified by Worthen as Lingula mytiloides Sowerby. 

They clearly belong to the same species which Meek and Worthen 

figured under that name and possibly were part of the original material. Some specimens are narrower than others, and some have the 

anterior outline more rectilinear. The largest is 12.5 mm. long. 

The surface appears to be smooth but under a lens is seen to be 

marked by extremely fine, sharp, regular, wavy lirse. These specimens, while of a smaller size, have very much the shape of those from 

the phosphate beds. The latter do not show the fine lirse seen on 

the others, and, indeed, this delicate sculpture would hardly appear 

in the present preservation even if originally a character. They do 

show fairly strong concentric undulations of growth which seem to be 

absent from the Illinois material.

As found in the phosphate beds L. carbonaria? attains but probably 

does not exceed a length of 19 mm., while the average is distinctly 

under this measurement. The length is one and one-half times the
22 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

width, or even more in narrow specimens. The sides are subparallel, 

rounding into the anterior and posterior outlines. The anterior 

outline is slightly straightened or truncated in some specimens but 

more rounded in others. The posterior outline is broadly angular 

in ventral valves, bluntly rounded in dorsals. The convexity is 

rather high for the genus; the shell is thick and marked by rather fine 

and indistinct concentric striae.

This form occurs abundantly at a certain horizon at Thomas Fork, 

and perhaps at a corresponding one at Cokeville. It has not been 

found at Montpelier, except in a single specimen, which agrees very 

well with one of Meek's figures of L. mytiloides and with the younger 

stages of the Thomas Fork specimens as indicated by growth lines.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Weber Canyon, Utah (station .99Oe); Sublette Range, Wyoming (stations 5071,507 la); Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988d); Montpelier, 

Idaho (station 3511).

LINGULA CARBONARIA var. EXPORRECTA n. var. 

Plate I, figure 1.

Associated with the foregoing are a few specimens which are distinguished 'by being much wider in proportion to their length. At 

the same time the outline contracts posteriorly more strongly than 

has been noted in any of the specimens referred to L. carbonaria? . I 

believe that this peculiarity is not the result of distortion, though 

possibly it may be extrinsic to some extent. To comprise these specimens with the others under the same specific name would, from present evidence, make a grouping rather incongruous and it seems preferable to distinguish them as a separate variety.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988d).

DISCINID^E.

LINGULIDISCINA Whitfield. 

LINGTTLIDISCINA MissouRiENSis Shumard. 

Plate I, figures 6-10.

1858. Discina Missouriensis. Shumard, St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 1, p. 221.

Middle Coal Measures: Lexington and Charbonrder, Missouri. 

1873. Discina nitida? Meek and Worthen (non Phillips), Geol. Survey Illinois,

Kept., vol. 5, p. 572, pi. 25, fig. 1. 

Coal Measures: Illinois. 

1882. Discina Meekana. Whitfield, New York Acad. Sci., Annals, vol. 2, p. 228.

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill and Flint Ridge, Ohio; Illinois; Iowa. 

1884. Discina nitida. White, Geol. Survey Indiana, Thirteenth Kept., pt. 2, p. 121,

pi. 25, fig. 10.

Coal Measures: Indiana; Illinois; Iowa; Missouri; abundant at Cannelton and 

Horse Shoe of Little Vermilion.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 23

1887. Disdna nitida. Herrick, Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., Bull., vol. 2, p. 145, pi. 2,

figs. 8, 9 (Disdna Meekana on description of plate, p. 65). 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio.

1888. Disdna nitida. Keyes, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia; Proc., p. 226. 

Lower Coal Measures: Des Moines, Iowa.

1891. Disdna Meekana. Whitfield, New York Acad. Sci., Annals, vol. 5, p. 598, pi.

15, figs. 1-3, also p. 603. 

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill and Flint Ridge. Ohio.

1892. Orbiculoidea nitida. Hall and Clarke, New York State Geologist, Eleventh

Ann. Rept. for 1891, pi. 5, fig. 16. 

Lower Coal Measures: Springfield, 111. 

1892. Orbiculoidea nitida. Hall and Clarke (pars), Geol. Survey New York, Pal.,

vol. 8, pr,. 1, p. 131, pi. 4F, figs. 23-28 (non fig. 29). 

Coal Measures: Springfield, 111.; Grover, Mo. 

1895. Disdna nitida. Keyes, Missouri Geol. Survey, Rept., vol. 5, p. 39, pi. 35,

fig. 6 (date of imprint, 1894).

Coal Measures: Clinton, Lexington, and Richmond, Mo.

1895. Disdna meekana. Whitfield, Geol. Survey Ohio, Rept., vol. 7, p. 483, pi. 11, 

figs. 1-3, also p. 488.

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill, Hocking County, Ohio.

1897. Orbiculoidea missouriensis. Schuchert, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 87, p. 280. 

1900. Orbiculoidea missouriensis. Beede, Univ. Geol. Survey Kansas, Rept., vol.

6, p. 55, pi. 8, figs. 1-lc.

Upper and Lower Coal Measures: Fort Scott; Rosedale, Wyandotte County; 

Lansing, Leavenworth County; Topeka.

Shumard's specimehs were obtained from a limestone. In the 

black shales of Missouri associated with coals a small discinoid 

occurs in great abundance, which agrees in most respects with 

Shumard's description and which I have often seen identified as 

his species. It usually is found completely flattened down, but 

here and there specimens occur in concretions and retain their normal convexity. I would say that in these shells the apex of the 

dorsal valve is nearer one-fourth of a diameter from the posterior 

margin than one-third, as described by Shumard, and it is distinctly 

curved downward, so that the highest point is a little anterior to the 

apex. This seems to be contrary to Shumard's description, and the 

elevation also seems to be in disagreement, since it is less than onethird of the diameter.

In the collections of the United States National Museum there is 

a block of black limestone from Pittsburg, 111., containing a similar 

species in great profusion. This differs from the other form, however, in having the apex erect and the convexity somewhat greater. 

The elevation varies more or less in different specimens and the position 

of the apex also varies from about one-third to one-fourth of a diameter 

from the margin. In the ventral valve the pedicel slit is more 

depressed. This form seems to be rather nearer typical L. missouriensis than any of the specimens which I have seen from Missouri.

The phosphate beds of Idaho and Wyoming furnish a similar small 

species of Lingulidiscina, which I am unable to distinguish satisfactorily from those of the Mississippi Valley, especially the form from
24 FAUNA OF- PHOSPHATE BEDS

Illinois. The size is in some shells larger, a few specimens attaining 

a diameter of 15 mmi, while the Illinois and Missouri specimens do 

not go above 10 mm., but there is little difference in the average. In a 

few specimens the apex is somewhat curved, but in the greater number 

it is erect. The elevation, though-in the majority of specimens comparable to that of the Illinois form, is in a few somewhat greater, 

though this relation is rather difficult to determine, as many of the 

specimens have been compressed more or less laterally. For the 

same reason the position of the apex is sometimes, not determinable 

in its relation to the margin, but it seems to be as in the -form from the 

Mississippi Valley; similarly with the characters, of the ventral 

valve and with the sculpture, which consists of strongly elevated, 

closely arranged lirse, about 15 to 19 in 3 mm. , . Horizon and locality.^-Phosph&te beds of the Park City formation; 

Woodruff Creek, Utah (station 5074); Crawford Mountains, Wyoming (station 992); Sublette Range, Wyoming (station 5072); Thomas 

Fork, Wyoming (stations 988, '988a, 988e, '988f)'; Montpelier, Idaho 

(stations 3511, 5068). . , . ....

LESTGTJLIDISCINA UTAHENSIS. Meek.

Plate I, figure 11.

1877. Discina sp. undet. Meek, U. S. Geol. Expl" 40th Par., Kept., vol. 4, p. 99,

pi. 10, fig. 3. ' ' " ' : Upper Carboniferous: Weber Caiiyoii; Wasatch Range, Utah. ' 

1877. Discina utahensis. Meek, U. .S. Geol. Expl. 40th Par., Kept., vol. 4, p. 99, 

(See also footnote, p. 9.)

This species was originally founded on two ventral valves from 

Weber Canyon, Utah; and it is a .little surprising that the four specimens in the present collections from practically the- same locality

and horizon are likewise all ventrals. The shape of the present

specimens is, like the original ones, mpre or less elongate or oval, the 

largest having a length of 19 mm. The peculiarity mentioned by 

Meek seems to be a normal feature, viz, the shape is neither regularly 

convex nor regularly concave, but the posterior portion is. convex 

(upon the inner side) and the anterior portion concave. The center 

of growth and the inner end of the fissure are eccentric, but the inner 

end of the fissure hardly lies midway between the center of the valve 

and the posterior margin, as stated by Meek. The fissure is rather 

short with extraverted sides.

It is impossible to tell certainly from the material in hand whether 

this is the same form which I have identified as L. missouriensis or 

a different one, but I rather think that it is different. The ventral 

valves referred to L. missouriensis seem to have a more circular 

shape and a simple instead of a compound curvature, besides being 

considerably smaller.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. . 25

In describing this form I have employed the orientation used by 

Meek, but I suspect that the inner and outer sides are really reversed 

in his description, because the edges of the fissure are normally introverted rather than turned outward in this group.. In well-preserved 

specimens or in molds the presence' of .sharply defined sculpture sufficiently identifies the outer side, but as the present specimens are 

exfoliated this test can not be applied.

If my orientation of this shell is correct, these ventral valves show, 

though in a less, marked degree, the configuration upon which Hall 

and Clarke distinguished their genus Roemerella. I have, however, 

felt somewhat doubtful about assigning them to that genus, both 

because Roemerella is, so far as known, restricted to a single species 

in the mid-Devonian, and because these upper Carboniferous shells 

possess the distinguishing character in so subordinate a degree. In 

any event, the character seems to afford a distinction between this

and the form referred to Linyulidiscina missouriensis.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Weber Canyon, Utah (station 990e).

PRODUCTION.

CHONETES Fischer-de-Waldheim.

CHONETES OSTIOLATUS n. sp

Plate I, figures 12-14.

Shell large, subquadrate, often unusually long for the width, but 

sometimes, especially in young specimens, more transverse. As a 

rule the cardinal angles are quadrate and the sides parallel, but occasionally the sides converge toward the front and the hinge line is 

slightly extended. On the other hand, the hinge is sometimes 

slightly shorter than the width in front.

In the ventral valve the beak is rather small, depressed, and inconspicuous. On either side five or six cardinal spines are found, witli 

perhaps two or three small ones near the center which are not usually 

preserved. The convexity ranges from high to moderate, the small, 

ill-defined ears being depressed.

The shape of the dorsal valve is that of the ventral, save that as 

usual the convexity is lower and the beak "less projecting. A sinus is 

as a rule entirely absent from both valves, but occasional traces of a 

faint one can be made out.

The surface is without true radiating striae, but is marked by fine 

concentric strige or wrinkles, which are often rather^strong, especially 

on the ears, and very irregular in direction. The shell is also pierced 

by numerous relatively large pores which are finer and more scattered 

over the younger portion of the shell and vary somewhat in size and 

abundance in different specimens. Narrow, sharp, but very fine
26 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

discontinuous channels proceed forward from the pores a character 

apparently confined more or less to the more marginal portion of the 

shell. -

The interior of the valves is covered with little spinules in closely 

arranged rows. When exfoliated, a condition in which to a greater 

or less degree most of the specimens occur, these spinules appear as 

punctae, not to be confused, however, with the larger and less numerous pores, and this arrangement gives the surface an appearance of 

being marked by rather faint lirse an appearance, however, which is, 

according to the best evidence at hand, misleading.

This species is related to C. geinitzianus of the Pennsylvanian, but 

it is believed to be distinct on the following considerations. It is a 

much larger shell than typical C. geinitzianus, less transverse, normally without a sinus, not usually extended at the hinge, with 

stronger concentric striae, and with larger pores. Indeed, I am not 

satisfied that C. geinitzianus possesses any structure corresponding 

to the pores in the present species, for the fine openings in the shell 

of the Pennsylvanian form resemble the fine punctae among which 

the larger pores in C. ostiolatus are distributed.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988g); Montpelier, Idaho (station 

3511); Preuss Range, Idaho (station 978).

CHONETES OSTIOLATUS var. IMPRESSUS n. var.

Plate I, figures 15-17.

This form has been found only at Cokeville (station 5072), but all 

the specimens obtained from that station can be referred to it.

The size is small, reaching 13 mm. in width. The shape is as a 

rule broadly subquadrate, with nearly rectilinear front and sides. 

The sides are subparallel, so that the hinge is as wide as or a little 

wider than the shell in front. The convexity is low with a broad, 

ill-defined sinus in the ventral valve, which causes a deflection of the 

whole anterior border. The sinus is confined to the anterior half of 

the shell.

The surface is smooth with numerous large pores.

This form is closely related to C. ostiolatus, from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, lower convexity, more transverse 

shape, and the possession of a definite and constant sinus. It resembles C. geinitzianus much more closely than does C. ostiolatus itself. 

There is only one character by which they are surely distinguishable, 

and that is the presence of macroscopic pores in the western form. 

It is doubtful whether C. geinitzianus has anything comparable to 

these, the little punctae to which Meek calls attention being much 

smaller and much more numerous. Indeed, I think they are homolo-
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 27

gous, rather, with the numerous fine pores which occur in C. ostiolatus 

and its varieties and tend in some conditions of preservation to lend 

an appearance of fine, indistinct radial striation.

Horizon arid locality. Phosphate bed of the Park City formation; 

Sublette Range, Wyoming (station 5072).

CHONETES OSTIOLATUS var. MINUSCULUS n. var. 

Plate I, figures 18-20.

At several localities a form of Ohonetes has been obtained differing 

from CTionetes ostiolatus in being very much smaller but in little else. 

These shells rarely attain a size of 13 mm. in diameter, the average 

being smaller and thus only about one-half that of the typical form. 

They can hardly be regarded as young examples, for the thickness 

of the shell and the relatively high convexity indicate that they are

mature. They do not occur associated with typical C. ostioktus,

and they are very abundant.

I am in some uncertainty as to how best to treat this form. It 

seems hardly advisable to refer the specimens without qualification 

to C. ostiolatus, while, on the other hand, I dislike to discriminate them 

even as a variety without some more important difference than mere 

size. This, however, is so great in degree and so constant that a 

separation on account of that character seems preferable to a union 

in spite of it. If anything the pores in these small shells are as large 

or larger than in the large ones. The shape varies considerably, some 

specimens having nearly parallel sides and subquadrate cardinal 

angles, while others have converging sides, acute cardinal angles, 

and a hinge distinctly longer than the width below. A discrimination of the long-hinged and short-hinged types has not seemed practical to me.

' Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Sublette Range, Wyoming (station 5067); Thomas Fork, Wyoming 

(stations 981a, 988a).

PRODTJCTUS Sowerby.

PRODUCTUS GENICULATUS n. sp.

 Plate II, figures 1-2.

Shell rather small, about 25 mm. in width, transverse, subquadrate. Cardinal angles not extended. Ventral valve shaped much 

like the dorsal valve of most Producti, with nearly flat visceral area 

and abruptly deflected margins. The beak is small, slightly elevated, and incurved. The ears are small and inconspicuous. A 

rather strong, narrow sinus is developed along the middle of the anterior part of the shell, extending backward for a short distance onto 

the visceral area but dying out before reaching the beak.
28 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

The surface is marked by fine, regular, radiating lirae, which occur 

about 14 in 5 mm. They are faint, especially toward the beak. Concentric wrinkles are absent, but the posterior portion at least is crossed 

by obscure, somewhat irregular incremental striae. Spines are developed sparingly and are of several sizes, some being relatively very 

stout and some rather slender. Two or three of the latter sort occur 

on each side along the hinge, while otherwise the spines, and especially 

the large ones, are chiefly developed upon the geniculated portion.

The dorsal valve is not known, and no evidence of Marginifera 

structure has been observed.

There is no Pennsylvanian form which P. geniculatus closely 

resem-bles, and but few described species in the West. P. multistriatus is perhaps as close as any but is clearly distinct. Some 

similar forms occur in the lower beds of the Guadalupian series, of 

which, in fact, this type of shell, with flattened posterior portion, 

geniculated margin, and strong sinus, is rather characteristic. No 

American species known to me, however, bears so close a resemblance 

to the one in hand as the Russian Productus mammatus Keyserling, 

but without specimens for comparison I do not like to identify it 

with the Russian form.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

PRODUCTUS EUCHARIS n. sp.

' - Plate II, figures 3-4.

Shell small, very transverse. Cardinal line extended. Ears 

pointed. Ventral valve rapidly enlarging, strongly convex. The 

surface of this valve is marked by fine, even, radiating lirse, 13 to 15 

in 5 mm. Where well preserved these are sharply elevated and

rather widely separated from one another. They are often more or 

less wavy in direction. New ones are introduced by intercalation. 

A few large wrinkles are developed upon the sides, to which they are 

confined, never crossing the body of the shell. A few spines spring 

from the surface of this valve, some of them large enough to occasion 

the deflections of the lirse above mentioned, others smaller and less 

conspicuous. Three or four rather small spines are developed along 

the hinge.

The dorsal valve is gently concave over the visceral portion, but 

rather abruptly bent along the margins. In marked contrast to the 

opposite valve the visceral area is crossed by strong, sharp, sublamellose wrinkles, making steplike rugosities. There are also fine, 

wavy, concentric, incremental striae. The radiating lirae of this 

valve are similar to those of the ventral, but the strong wrinkles give
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 29

them a disconnected appearance. No evidence of spines has been 

seen. The shell is thick and strong. As in most species of the genus, 

the dorsal valve appears to have been convex in its early stages.

This form may have attained a width of 25 mm., but seldom if 

ever exceeded that dimension. The majority of the specimens are 

probably nearer 18 mm. across.

P. eucharis is very closely related to P. aagardi Toula, but, as in 

the other cases and for the same reason, I feel that an identification 

without material for comparison would be inadvisable. It is related 

in a general way to P. cora, from which, however, it is evidently 

distinct, but with no other Pennsylvanian species does it hold relationship demanding especial consideration.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

PRODUCTUS PHOSPHATICUS n. sp.

Plate II, figures 7-9.

Shell of the cora type, broad, slightly transverse or slightly elongate in different specimens. Hinge line about as wide as the width 

below. The cardinal angles subquadrate. Ventral valve strongly 

convex, with small depressed ears. Beak inflated and much incurved. 

Dorsal valve similar to the ventral, but with lower convexity and 

smaller and less projecting beak.

Surface marked by fine radiating lirse, as in P. cora, eight to ten in 

5 mm. The whole surface of both valves is crossed by moderately 

strong, subequal but more or less irregular transverse wrinkles, which 

are stronger and coarser on the ears. There are also small spines, 

which appear to be rather numerous and regularly distributed. Sometimes the development of a spine is accompanied by an elevation of 

the rib from which .it springs, beginning some distance above the 

point of appearance. In such cases the presence of spines is a conspicuous feature, but otherwise not, since they are of about the same 

size as the costae and do not produce very considerable enlargements.

This species is of the same general type as our common Pennsylvanian form P. cora, but it is clearly distinct. The costae are probably finer and the wrinkles are finer and are distributed over the 

entire surface, whereas in P. cora they occur only on the ears and do 

not cross the shell, and the spines are more numerous and smaller, 

since in P. cora they interrupt two or three of the ribs and cause large 

nodes on the shell. I know of no described species in the Pennsylvanian that is really closely related to the present one, except 

Productus pertenuis, which is similar, though I believe distinct. My 

specimens are much smaller, with finer costse and stronger wrinkles.
30 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

P. pTiosphaticus is [closely related to P. cancriniformis Tschernyschew,a and may prove identical when it is possible to compare specimens. It does not seem very probable, a priori, that an American 

species is exactly the same as a Russian one, but the probability is 

enhanced in this case by the fact that other associated Producti show 

a similar agreement to Russian forms and that P. cancriniformis is 

already credited with a wide distribution, having been found also in 

the Carnic Alps and in India.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho, (station 3511).

PRODUCTUS MONTPELIERENSIS n. sp.

Plate II, figures 5-6.

Shell of medium size, transverse, subcircular in outline. Hinge 

shorter than the greatest width, cardinal angles rounded. Anterior 

outline subrectilinear or slightly concave.

Convexity of ventral valve rather low. Beak small, strongly 

incurved, rapidly expanding. Ears small, undefined, depressed. A 

rather narrow, shallow sinus occurs in the ventral valve and a corresponding fold in the dorsal.

The dorsal valve is nearly flat. The ears are slightly recurved, and 

a low, narrow, undefined fold passes down the median portion. There 

are thus three elevated and four depressed areas on the dorsal valve, 

the depressed areas consisting of the two ears and the two radiating 

divisions on either side of the fold.

The surface is covered by great numbers of small spines mounted on 

slightly elongate bases and more or less regularly arranged in quincunx. The bases are larger and more elongated toward the front and 

sides, where, consequently, the rasplike surface appears to be coarser. 

There are also fine, equal, but irregular wrinkles which cover the 

/entire surface.

There is no Pennsylvanian species.with which this needs to be compared. In South America 6 and in Russia c we have kindred forms, 

both of which have been called Productus Jiumboldti. The present 

form is certainly closely related to both of those referred to, but is 

considerably smaller, and the sculpture appears to be on a finer scale. 

A satisfactory conclusion as to the relationship of these types can not 

be reached, however, without the comparison of actual specimens, but 

in view of the wide geographic separation I would hardly expect to 

find them quite the same.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

a M<§m. Com. g<5ol. [Russia], vol. 16, no. 2, 1902, pi. 52, figs. 5 and 6.

6 D'Orbigny, Voyage dans l'Am6rique mdridionale, Pal., 1842, pi. 5, figs. 4-7.

c Tschernyschew, M6m. Com. g6ol. [Russia], vol. 10, no. 2,1902, pi. 53, figs. 1-3.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING; AND UTAH. 31

RHYNCHONELLIDJE.

PTJGNAX Hall and Clarke. 

PUGNAX WEEKSI Girty.

Plate III, figures 1-4.

1908. Pugnax weeksi Girty, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 34, p. 296. 

Phosphate beds: Montpelier, Idaho.

Shell large, varying in shape from sub triangular or subovate to 

subpentagonal, and from elongate to transverse. As a rule, highly 

gibbous, but sometimes of lower convexity, probably as a persistence 

of an immature character, young shells being usually discoidal. 

Ventral beak large, pointed, suberect, flattened, and spreading at 

the sides. Foramen apparently triangular and open. Dorsal beak 

rather inconspicuous and strongly incurved. Fold and sinus very

strong, usually broad and subquadrate; but sometimes narrow and 

sometimes rounded; typically divided by a medium sulcus so that it 

bears two plications, but occasionally the sulcus is so faint that the 

fold appears to be simple. Much more rarely three plications are 

"found upon specimens referred to this species. There is always one 

rather distinct lateral plication on each side of the fold, with usually 

a second, which is also sometimes distinct, but may be obscure. All 

the plications are confined to the marginal portions of the shell, and 

they vary in different specimens not only as to distinctness but also 

as to being angular or rounded. In young specimens the shell is 

broadly oval and discoidal. The fold develops first, and later its 

median sulcus and the lateral plications.

Upon the interior the ventral valve is provided with dental lamellse 

and the dorsal valve apparently with strongly diverging socket plates, 

connecting with a hinge plate, which is also joined to a fairly long, 

high, median septum.

The posterior portion, especially of the ventral valve, is rather thick 

shelled and moderately strong, though not well-defined muscular 

imprints are retained in many specimens.

In general appearance certain variants of this form are very suggestive of some species of athyroids, as, for instance, Composita trinudea, 

but more especially the forms grouped by Abich under the title 

Spirigera protea,a some of which, unlike C. trinudea, have lateral 

plications. Aside, however, from the fact that these shells appear to 

be without spiralea, the configuration of the beak of the ventral 

valve indicates almost to a certainty that we have not to do here with 

an athyroid. In fact, there can be but little doubt that this form 

is one of the Rhynchonellidae. I have, however, been in some doubt

o Geologische Forschungen in den Kaukasische'n Landern, 1. Th,eil, EineBergkalkfaune aus der Araxesenge bei Djoulfa in Armenlen, Wien, 1878, pp. 52, et seq..
32 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

as to what genus it may best be cited under. The choice seems to 

lie between Rhynchonella s. s. and Pugnax. The type species of 

Rhynchonella and Pugnax are very similar in external form, but 

Rhynchonella loxia has1 a septum in the dorsal valve, while Pugnax 

pugnus is without that structure. In general appearance, therefore, 

P. weeksi could be referred to either genus with almost equal propriety, but it possesses a pretty well developed dorsal septum. On 

that account it might best, perhaps, be referred to Rhynchonella, 

although internally and externally it appears to be generically related 

to certain Carboniferous shells which Hall and Clarke have placed 

with Pugnax.

This species is so dissimilar to any of our American rhynchonelloids 

that a comparison with them is scarcely necessary. Tschernyschew 

has figured a similar species from the Gschelstufe of Russia as Pugnax 

connivens. a Some enlarged figures of Pugnax dawsoniana given by 

Davidson b resemble the present species in a remarkable degree. 

I have not had specimens of P. dawsoniana for comparison, but in 

view of the great difference in size of the two species, their wide 

geographic separation, and their probable great difference in geologic 

age and faunal association, such a comparison would, I believe, show 

them to be distinct. Hall and Clarke c have figured and referred 

to Davidson's species a form from Windsor, Nova Scotia, which, 

if correctly identified, clearly shows that P. dawsoniana is distinct 

from P. weeksi.

Type specimens. Cat. No. 53466, U.S.N.M.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 981a?); Montpelier, Idaho (stations 3511, 5069h, 5068?); Preuss Range, Idaho (station 988a).

PUGNAX WEEKSI var. NOBILIS n. var.

Plate III, figures 5-7.

Associated in many cases with typical P. weeksi occurs another 

form which can hardly be included under the same title without making the assemblage appear heterogeneous, but which can not be satisfactorily discriminated because of intermediate specimens. The 

shells in question are considerably larger than the typical variety, 

more transverse, less convex, and with a correspondingly lower fold 

and sinus. There are three instead of two plications on the fold and 

three or four lateral ones. The plications themselves are apt to be 

stronger than in P. weeksi and to extend farther toward the beaks. 

To this variety I have doubtfully assigned a few specimens with two 

plications on the fold, while four sometimes occur there.

a M6m. Com. g<5ol. [Russia], vol. 16, No. 2,1902, p. 483, PI. L, figs. 12,13,19, 20.. 

6 Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 19,1863, p. 172, PI. IX, figs. I3t 14,, 

c Geol. Survey New York, Pal., vol. 8, pt. 2, PI. LXII, figs. 30-33.
IN IDAHO; WYOMING, AND UTAH. 33

These large spreading shells graduate into others of smaller size and 

higher convexity. As a rule shells of this group having three plications on the fold are broader than those with two, yet there are individuals with three plications which are as narrow as the average of 

those having two, and individuals with two plications which are as 

broad as the average of those having three. It often seems inexpedient to separate the broad forms with two plications from the narrow 

ones (typical P. weeksi), which differ in little else. The propriety 

seems likewise doubtful of discriminating the broad shells having two 

plications from the ordinary thrice-plicated ones having the same configuration otherwise, while no sharp demarcation is apparent between 

the latter and the larger, broader, flatter shells which typify the present variety.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988a); Bear Lake, Idaho (station 

982) ; Montpelier, Idaho (stations 3511, 5069g, 5069h) ; Preuss Range, 

Idaho (station 978). 

PUGNAX OSAGENSIS Var. OCCIDENTALIS 11.

Plate I, figures 21-22.

A few fossils from the phosphate beds appear to be rather closely 

related to our common Pennsylvanian form P. osagensis, and yet they 

may also be regarded as an extreme modification of the robust species 

so characteristic of the phosphate fauna, which is widely different from 

P. osagensis. They have a sub triangular or subpentagonal shape, and 

are broad and spreading. On the fold they have two or three plications and on each side four additional ones. In some specimens as 

many as six can be counted on the dorsal valve on each side of the 

fold, the last two appearing rather as denticulations in the line of 

junction of the two valves than as plications of the shell. The plications are rather high and sharp and extend halfway to the beak or 

farther.

On the interior the ventral valve has the usual pair of dental plates 

and the dorsal valve a distinct but probably not very high septum.

vSo far as observed this species has two plications on the fold as often 

as three, and in this respect it differs from P. osagensis, which has 

usually three or more. The lateral plications are more numerous and 

a larger number of them are well marked. The shell as a whole is 

more robust than that of typical P. osagensis, and the plications are 

more angular. In view of these facts and the widely different faunal 

association it seems hardly justifiable to identify this form directly 

with. P. osagensis.

In just what degree it is related to P. utali, which is usually regarded 

as identical with P. osagensis, I am unable to say, because the typical

4644G 0 Bull. 436 10 3
34 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

P. utah is known only from Marcou's not very complete first description. It seems to differ in being more robust and in having more 

numerous lateral plications.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

RHYNCHOPORA King.

RHYNCHOPORA TAYLORI n. sp.

Plate III, figure 8.

Shell rather large, subpentagonal. Width greater than length, 

greatest a little above the middle. Convexity moderate. Fold 

wide, not very high, well defined, marked by six regular, rounded 

plications. Sides surmounted by about eleven costse, of which the 

three final ones are indistinct. Length about 12 mm., width 1 ^.5 

mm., thickness 8.5 mm.

This species appears to be rare in the phosphate beds, only one 

specimen having come to hand; but it is, fortunately, in a good state 

of preservation. R. taylori is closely related to R. illinoisensis, but 

unless that species shows rather wide limits of variation it apparently 

should not be regarded as the same. The type specimen of R. illinoisensis has eight plications on the fold and eight lateral ones on each 

side, while R. taylori has six plications on the fold and ten or eleven 

on each side. The total number does not vary materially in the two 

species, but they are differently arranged with reference to the fold 

and to the lateral areas. Furthermore, although this is probably of 

minor importance, the present form is less convex, the dorsal valve 

is nearly flat instead of arched across the median portion, and the 

fold is well defined, without costae upon its sides, as is the case with 

the type specimen of R. illinoisensis.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

TEREBRATULID^Eo

DIELASMA King. 

DlELASMA? Sp.

This type is represented by a single specimen, which is so imperfect 

that it scarcely deserves mention save that it is the only terebratuloid 

which is known in this fauna and that it has a somewhat unusual 

shape. The specimen is, with but little question, the posterior portion of a ventral valve and is characterized by being broad and tumid, 

so that it has the appearance of a dorsal valve of a small Schizophoria. The absence of all striation clearly shows that it is not an
IN IDAH07 WYOMING^ AND UTAH. 35

orthoicl. The fragment has a length of 18 mm. and a width of about 

the same. From its shape and convexity the perfect shell could 

hardly have been one of the elongate types, like Dielasma bovidens, 

but must have represented a broader, more circular one.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

SPIKIFEKID^E.

AMBOCCELIA Hall.

AMBOCCELIA ARCUATA n. sp.

Plate VI, figures 15-17.

Shell large, elongate, attaining in the type specimen a length of 

15 mm. and a width of 13 mm.; hinge line shorter than the width 

below, so that the greatest transverse dimension occurs about midway 

in the entire shell. Ventral valve inflated, especially in the umbonal 

region, with an erect, strongly' projecting and incurved beak; no 

trace of a sinus. Area well defined, rather narrow, about one-third 

occupied by the delthyrium, which is wider than high.

The dorsal valve is gently convex' and in the type specimen seems 

to have a narrow, indistinct median sinus, best observed as a flexure 

in the line of junction of the valves.

The surface appears now to be smooth, but doubtless it was originally covered by hairlike spines. In the interior the ventral valve 

seems to be without either dental or septal plates, but the dorsal has 

the two little socket plates characteristic of the genus.

I feel little doubt that this is a distinct species from our common 

A. plcbniconvexcb. It is more robust, elongate instead of transverse, 

with a more convex dorsal valve. The ventral valve has a broader 

delthyrium and is without a sinus. Probably all these differences 

are not equally constant or equally important. In younger specimens, apparently, the shape is apt to be more transverse, as in 

A. planiconvexa, while the shape of the area and delthyrium probably 

differ considerably in different individuals. The original description 

of A. planiconvexa mentions an indistinct sinus as one of the specific 

characters, and with but few exceptions the specimens examined 

show this feature, to which Meek in his description hardly seems to 

do justice. The entire absence of a sinus in the present species is 

reckoned one of its distinguishing characters, together with the 

greater convexity of the dorsal valve, to which the other differences 

named are auxiliary.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Sublette Range, Wyoming (station.5067); Thomas Fork, Wyoming 

(station 9S8a); Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).
36 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

PELECYPODA. 

GRAMMYSIIDJB.

GRAMMYSIA Verneuil.

GRAMMYSIA ? CARBON ARIA n. sp.

Plate VI, figures 11-13.

Shell rather small for the genus, transverse, subelliptical; width 

about 1J times the height; convexity high. Beaks rather small, 

strongly projecting, and incurved. Hinge line posterior to the beaks 

straight. Inferior outline gently convex, more or less parallel to the 

hinge, though converging slightly toward the front. Posterior outline nearly rectilinear above, broadly rounded below, and merging into 

the inferior outline. Superior posterior angle slightly obtuse. Anterior outline strongly and regularly rounded to the beaks, which are 

about one-fourth the width back from the anterior border. A narrow and very distinct constrict; on, curved, but generally perpendicular to the upper and lower margins, marks off the anterior one-fourth 

of the shell.

The sculpture consists of rather coarse, strong, concentric corrugations, regularly increasing in size from beak to ventral border, and 

becoming evanescent posteriorly. They also die out suddenly at the 

constriction and are arranged in such manner that, generally speaking, those on the front portion alternate with those on the back portion, the ridges on the one side standing opposite to the grooves on 

the other. Over other portions of the shell also the corrugations 

seem to be not quite regular, new ones being sometimes intercalated 

and those above and below being flexed to accommodate them. Shell 

thin; dentition not known.

This singular form is unlike anything which is known to me in the 

Pennsylvanian and strikingly suggests the Devonian genus Grammysia. Although Grammysias occur in the lower Mississippian, none is 

known, on this continent at least, above that horizon, and in spite of 

an appearance so strongly resembling that genus it seems improbable 

that if its dentition were known this species would be found to agree 

with Grammysia. I. suspect that it will prove to belong to a genus, 

possibly a new one, of the relationship of Allerisma and Sedgwickia.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 980).

EDMONDIA De Koninck. 

EDMONDIA? PHOSPHATICA n. sp.

Plate VI, figure 9.

Shell rather small, transversely subelliptical, strongly convex. 

Width somewhat less than twice the length. Hinge line slightly convex, about half as long as the greatest width. Lower margin nearly
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 37

straight or slightly sinuous, round ing upward strongly at either end. 

Posterior outline rather regularly rounded but somewhat straightened 

above and tending to make a distinct angle with the hinge; anterior 

extremity strongly rounded, curving inward some distance below the 

level of the posterior hinge line and sometimes slightly angular above. 

Beaks rather large and strongly incurved, situated about one-fourth of 

the width back from the front end. Umbonal ridge high and rounded, 

descending rapidly to the posterior and superior margins but dying 

down below. A very faint but perceptible sinus passes obliquely 

backward across the anterior third of the shell, causing a slight 

emargination of the outline. Internal structure not known.

Sculpture consisting of very fine crowded concentric striae with a 

few larger striae of growth.

I have been much perplexed as to the proper generic disposition 

of this species, finally referring it to Edmondia, but with considerable

doubt. In some respects it suggests the genus Sedgwiclcia, but it is 

without the concentric corrugations which appear to be one of the 

characters of that genus. Among the American species of Sedgwickia, 

S. concqva is somewhat suggestive of the present form but is more 

transverse, with a concave instead of the convex hinge line. Of the 

American species of Edmondia, E. glabra is the most and indeed a 

closely similar species. E.f pliosphatica seems to be distinct by reason 

of its higher convexity, more distinct umbonal ridge, and straight 

or sinuate instead of convex inferior outline.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988c); Preuss Range, Idaho (station

993a).

CARDIOMOBPHA De Koninck.

CARDIOMOEPHA ? sp.

Plate VI, figure 10.

Under this title I am including four specimens, each from a different 

collection. As all are more or less fragmentary, it is not certain that 

more than a single species is not represented among them. The 

shape is transversely subelliptical, with a not very prominent beak 

which is nearly terminal. The extremities appear to be symmetrically rounded. The surface .is marked by fine faint crowded striae. 

The most perfect specimen is represented by my figure. It is 16 

mm. wide and 11 mm. high.

In its general appearance this form suggests a CardiomorpJia, but it 

is distinct from our common C. missouriensis of the Pennsylvania!! 

of the Mississippi Valley by reason of several differences. The posterior extremity appears to be regularly rounded instead of having 

a distinct cardinal angle; the anterior extremity is less projecting, 

and there is no distinct umbonal ridge.
38 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

This form also suggests some species of Nucula. It seems, however, to lack the dentition of that genus.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (stations 980, 3511, 5069g).

NUCTJLID^E.

NUCULA Lamarck.

NUCULA MONTPELIERENSIS n. sp. ,

Plate IV, figures 1-3.

Shell rather large. Width somewhat greater than the length. 

Convexity low. Inferior border gently and symmetrically rounded; 

anterior-superior and posterior-superior outlines also gently convex, 

merging gradually with the inferior outline, but more abruptly 

behind (on the shorter side) than before. Where these margins are 

rather strongly convex the shape is subelliptical, but where they 

are straighter it is more subtriangular. The beaks are small, rather 

narrow, and not strongly incurved.

In some specimens a rather angular but not very distinct ridge 

can be seen well up toward the anterior border, while an abrupt 

descent to the posterior-superior margin also produces an obscure 

angulation, the two lines, when they can be distinguished at all, 

making an angle with one another of slightly less than 90°.

The surface is marked by fine indistinct concentric striae, with 

stronger ones at irregular intervals.

This species resembles in some respects N. illinoisensis, from which, 

however, it may be distinguished by its less transverse * shape. 

Another related species and one coming from what is probably the 

same general horizon is N. levatiformis, a species which I have 

recently identified in the Manzano group of New Mexico. If the 

Idaho specimens be compared with the specimens from New Mexico, 

the most obvious difference, one which immediately strikes the eye, 

is that the form here under consideration is much less convex is, 

in fact, unusually flat and discoidal. This difference is maintained 

by a large series of specimens. It is accompanied, also, by some minor 

differences dependent on it, as, for instance, the greater incurvature 

of the beaks in the tumid shells, though the beaks are at the same 

time less slender and pointed. Perhaps another attendant variation 

is that the outline, especially the anterior outline, is more apt to be 

bowed, the shell in the flatter form spreading out instead of being 

directed vertically to compensate for the convexity of the rest of the 

valve. The concentric striae in N. montpelierensis are finer, fainter, 

and more closely and irregularly arranged than in N. levatiformis. 

The two species are nevertheless closely related, and it may seem best
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 39

to regard the Montpelier form as only a variety, especially since 

typical N. levatiformis occurs possibly in the same beds.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (stations 988c, 988e); Montpelier, Idaho 

(stations 980, 3511, 5069a).

NUCULA Sp.

Under this title are included two specimens, each from a different 

locality, where they are not associated with N. montpelierensis, 

although they occur in the same beds. They are distinguished from 

the latter species primarily by their size, the larger being 14 mm. 

wide, or nearly twice the average size of N. montpelierensis, and they 

are also much more gibbous. As to sculpture, they are somewhat 

more like N. levatiformis, having regular strong striae separated by 

rather wide intervals, but on the more umbonal portions this character is not so marked. The specimens are imperfect and do not 

show the shape satisfactorily, but in that respect they appear not 

to differ materially from either N. levatiformis or N. montpelierensis. 

Just what relation they bear taxonomically to these species'can not 

be determined. It is possible that they are merely large specimens 

of N. montpelierensis which show old-age characters. "If of a larger 

size than N. montpelierensis they are still more out of comparison 

with the smaller N. levatiformis.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Sublette Range, Wyoming (station 5072); Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

LEDIDJE.

YOLDIA Moller.

YOLDIA MCCIIESNEYANA n. Sp. 

Plate IV, figures 4-6.

Shell small, transversely subelliptical, contracting slightly toward 

the posterior end, somewhat less than twice as wide as long. Convexity rather high. Beak anterior to the posterior margin by about 

one-third the width or less, moderately prominent. Inferior outline 

gently convex; posterior outline regularly curved; anterior superior 

outline more or less rectilinear. Anterior end regularly rounded; 

rarely somewhat truncated. Surface marked by regular, faint, fine, 

rather widely spaced, concentric striae.

This species is distinguished from most of those described from the 

American Carboniferous by the less central position of the umbones. 

One only is comparable to it in this particular, Y. Jcnoxensis of 

McChesney. So far as the relationship between two forms can be 

satisfactorily determined when the comparison on one side is based
40 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

on descriptions arid figures, the western species is distinct by reason 

of its much, smaller size and the regular shape of the posterior end. 

McChesney also states that the beaks point toward the shorter end 

in Y. Jcnoxensis, but that is probably an error.

Y. mccJiesneyana occurs associated with Nucula montpelierensis 

and one can almost imagine intermediate forms between them. It 

is not absolutely certain that Y. mcchesneyana is a Yoldia, and 

several specimens show clearly that they do not gap at the anterior end.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (stations 988i, 5070); Montpelier, Idaho 

(station 3511).

LEDA Schumacher.

LEDA OBESA White. 

Plate IV, figures 7-8.

1879. Nuculana obesa. White, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. [Hayden],

Bull., vol. 5, p. 216.

Carboniferous: Wild Band Pockets, northern Arizona, 15 miles south of Pipe 

Spring.

1880. Nuculana obesa. White, Contr. Inv. Pal., Nos. 2-8, p. 136, pi. 34, figs. 2o-c. 

(Extracted from U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. [Hayden], Twelfth Ann. 

Kept., for 1878, pt. 1.) - 

Upper Carboniferous: Wild Band Pockets, northern Arizona, 15 miles south

of Pipe Spring. 

1883. Nuculana obesa. White, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. [Hayden], Twelfth

Ann. Kept., for 1878, pt. 1, p. 136, pi. 34, figs. 2a-c. 

Top of the Carboniferous: Wild Band Pockets, northern Arizona, 15 miles south

of Pipe Spring. 

1909. Leda obesa.' Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 389, pp. 76-77.

Manzano group: Yeso sandstone, Mesa del Yeso; Abo sandstone, Abo Canyon, 

New Mexico.

This species is fairly abundant in the phosphate beds, but is usually 

in an unsatisfactory state of preservation. The specimens occur 

chiefly as internal molds, some of them with part of the shell attached, 

but in a few specimens where the matrix is more shaly the shell has 

been macerated so that the external and internal impressions are in 

contact and combine more or less the characters of both surfaces. 

These specimens are apt to be distorted by compression and very 

much of the material is fragmentary. In size the specimens vary 

greatly, ranging from small ones up to some as large as the examples 

figured by White. There is considerable variation in shape also, 

both in the convexity of the sides and in the extension of the elongate 

anterior portion. The smaller shells appear to be more inflated and 

less extended. These facts might be regarded as evidence for considering them a distinct species from Leda obesa rather than a 

younger stage of that form, but viewed in another light they really 

appear to point the other way.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 41

In some and probably all of the Ledas additions to the shell are 

greater at the ends, especially the anterior end, than below, so that 

the shape changes from more or less equilateral and not especially 

transverse in its youthful condition to very transverse and much 

produced on the anterior side at maturity. Furthermore, L. olesa, 

while characterized in one particular by its flattened sides, is also 

characterized by having the umbonal ridges very close to ihe upper 

outline, with'a very broad escutcheon. Such a shape would result 

from a convex youthful stage which was later followed by a gradual 

change to one in which the sides were flattened.

There can be but little question that the large shells belong to the 

species which White described as L. obesa. As to the smaller ones, 

they are so imperfect that it is not practicable to separate them into 

a different species, even should such prove to be their proper disposition, while at present it seems probable to me that they are for

the most part at least immature individuals.

Horizon and, locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation;. 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (stations 988c, 988e, 991); Montpelier, 

Idaho (stations 980, 3511, 5069a); Preuss Range, Idaho (station 993).

TRIGONIID^E.

SCHIZODUS King. 

SCHIZODUS FERRIERI n. Sp.

Plate IV, figures 12-13.'

Shell rather large, subquadrate, somewhat wider than long. Hinge 

line nearly as long as the greatest width. Inferior outline parallel to 

the hinge, nearly straight behind, rounding upward into a broad 

curve which defines the anterior portion of the shell and meets the 

hinge in a more or less obscure angle a little in front of the beaks. 

Posterior outline truncating the shell abruptly, nearly perpendicular 

to the upper and lower borders or slightly inclined to them. Beaks 

large, strongly projecting and incurved, about one-fourth of the width 

back from the anterior margin. Convexity high; umbonal ridge 

well marked. . A more or less distinct constriction occurs in some 

specimens a little in front of the umbonal ridge, making a slight 

emargination in the lower border. A certain amount of variation is 

shown in the length of the shell back of the umbones and also in the 

angle which the posterior truncation makes with the upper and 

lower margins.

Surface more or less smooth. Toward the front and up near the 

beaks fine, regular, concentric striae are developed at relatively wide 

intervals, 'but these soon appear to die out in passing backward 

across the shell. Rather fine obscure, concentric striae sometimes 

occur toward the margin. .
42 FAUNA OP PHOSPHATE BEDS 

This species is especially characterized by the fact that the outline 

does not contract posteriorly and that the truncation is but slightly 

oblique. But few species in the American Carboniferous are at all 

comparable to it in this particular. .The Waverly form S. equalis 

resembles it in some degree, but is much less transverse and has the 

lower, margin more strongly curved. The same is true of the Pennsylvanian species Schizodus curtus, which is much like a diminutive 

variety of S. equalis. The Chemung species quadrangularis appears 

to belong to this group, but is less transverse, rounder below, with 

more angular umbonal ridge and smaller, less projecting beaks. 

Perhaps no American species so closely resembles S. ferrieri as that 

which Meek and Worthen identify as S.. rossicus, but this also is less 

transverse, with a more strongly convex inferior outline, more central 

beaks, and a correspondingly longer portion of the shell anterior to 

them, and it is also a much smaller species.

S. ferrieri has been identified at a number of points, but most of 

the material is so poor that no more than general reference to the 

genus Schizodus can be made with any. degree of assurance. With 

regard to the generic identification of these shells with Schizodus I 

may say that the dentition has in no instance been observed, but the 

shape and general expression make the reference reasonably satisfactory. I must confess, however, that an occasional specimen suggests 

quite another type of shell, a Sedgwickia or a Ch&nomya. This is 

especially true of such specimens as have an unusually produced 

posterior portion and a slightly oblique truncation.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Siiblette Range, Wyoming (station 5072); Thomas Fork, Wyoming 

(stations 988, 988e); Montpelier, Idaho (stations 980, 3511, 5068, 

5069a, 5069g).

AVICULIPECTEN McCoy. 

AVICULIPECTEN? MONTPELIERENSIS n. Sp.

Plate IV, figures 9-10.

Shell sometimes attaining a medium or rather large size, subcircular, somewhat longer than wide; axis perpendicular to the hinge, 

which is somewhat shorter than the width below. The convexity 

of both valves is about the- same and rather high for the genus. In 

the right valve the anterior wing is depressed, sharply defined, auricular, with a deep byssal sinus. The posterior wing is small, narrowly 

triangular, and much depressed below the body of the shell, which 

rises abruptly from it. The outline rounds out strongly on the anterior side beneath the ear and to a less degree on the posterior side.

The shape of the left valve is somewhat similar to that of the right, 

though the anterior wing is not auricular and it has no sinus beneath
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 43

it. It is more sharply defined than the posterior wing., though both 

are rather abruptly depressed.

.In most specimens the surface of both valves appears to be smooth, 

with no markings except very obscure growth lines. In a few, however, there are traces of regular, closely arranged, concentric lirse. 

These probably are a constant character of the shell and would be 

seen on all specimens if well preserved. Whether they are confined 

to the left valve or are common to both valves, however, has not been 

determined. .

The largest specimen referred to here has a length of 33 mm., but 

the average is much smaller. In some examples the anterior side 

projects.considerably more than the posterior, but usually the axis 

is about perpendicular to the cardinal line and the two sides are 

approximately symmetrical. Always, however, the anterior wing is 

larger and more sharply defined than the posterior. In the left 

valve the anterior wing often descends abruptly from the general 

convexity. The depression of the posterior wing is more gradual, 

but depends on the convexity of the mesial portion, which varies in 

different individuals. The size of the wing is also subject to variation.

No cardinal structures have been ascertained, but it is improbable 

that this form properly belongs either with Aviculipecten s. s. or 

Deltopecten. This opinion is based on the fact that in the present 

species the two valves are equal in convexity and ornamentation, 

whereas in both the genera mentioned the left valve is highly sculptured, while the right is apt to be much flatter and almost without 

sculpture. The general appearance is very suggestive of Plagiostoma, 

but the presence of a well-marked byssal sinus in the right valve bars 

the Limidse from consideration in this connection.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Crawford Mountains, Wyoming (station 969); Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988a); Bear Lake, Idaho (station 982); Montpelier, 

Idaho (stations 965, 980, 3511, 5069, 5069a, 5069c, 5069g, 5069t).

AVICULIPECTEN PHOSPHATICUS n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 11.

Shell small, subquadrate, slightly wider than high and somewhat 

oblique. Hinge line longer than the greatest width.

Left valve rather strongly convex. The ears are triangular, depressed. Anterior ear oblique, more depressed than the posterior, 

defined in outline by a deep sinus. The posterior ear is defined from 

the rest of the shell by an angulation and in outline by a moderately 

strong sinus.

The sculpture consists of rather thin, high, abruptly elevated, subequal costse, separated by relatively very broad, flat striaa. On the 

body of the shell the costae are 21 in number. Toward the anterior
44 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

side they become more closely arranged or rather, perhaps, one or 

two alternating ones are introduced.. The anterior ear has se'ven or 

eight fine, rather closely arranged radiating costas, but there is a 

space between the ear and the body of the shell which is not thus 

ornamented. The same is true of the posterior ear, only the space 

is broader and the ear is sharply defined on the body of the shell by 

the angulation above mentioned. The posterior ear bears six costse 

not so closely arranged as those on the anterior. There is also a concentric ornamentation of fine lirse much more crowded than the costas. 

These are conspicuous on the noncostate strip which defines or 

forms part of the posterior ear. They are present on the latter as 

well, and also on the anterior ear, but only traces of them can be 

seen crossing the body of the shell in the only specimen examined.

Right valve unknown.

This form in a general way suggests Walcott's Pterinopecten spio 

of the Eureka district, but it is much smaller and the sculpture differs 

obviously in its detail. The Warsaw species A. oblongus, as well as A. 

orestes of the Keokuk limestone, are comparable in a general way, but 

they obviously can not be mistaken for-the form here described.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988c).

SCAPHOPODA.

DENTALIID^E.

PLAGIOGLYPTA Pilsbry and Sharp.

PLAGIOGLYPTA CANNA White.

Plate VI, figure 14.

1874. Dentalium canna. White, U. S. Geog. Surveys W. 100th Mer. [Wheeler], Prelim.

Kept. Invert. Foss., p. 23. . Carboniferous (Coal Measures): Near Salt Lake, New Mexico, and near Relief

Spring, Arizona. 

1877. Dentalium canna. White, U. S. Geog. Surveys W. 100th Mer. [Wheeler], vol. 4,

p. 156, pi. 12, figs. 6a, b.

Carboniferous: Near Salt Lake, New Mexico, and near Relief Spring, Arizona. 

1903. Plagioglypta canna. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 16, p. 452. 

1908. Plagioglypta canna. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 389, pp. 95-96, pi. 11,

fig. 11.

Manzano group: Abo sandstone, Sandia Mountains, and Mesa del Yeso; San 

Andreas formation, Mesa del Yeso, Nogal Creek, and Engle; Yeso formation, 

Alamillo and Mesa del Yeso, New Mexico.

This species is fairly abundant in the phosphate beds but is always 

fragmentary and usually preserved as interval molds, for the shell 

itself mostly adheres to the .surrounding rock.

The shape is subcylindrical, very gradually tapering. The largest 

diameter noted is 9 mm. The shell is rather thick and made up of
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 45

oblique plates. The surface where preserved is entirely without 

traces of longitudinal striae and either appears to be smooth or is 

marked with irregular, transverse stri£e. The latter are in some instances at least due to a certain extent to an exfoliation of thk shell 

around the edges of the oblique layers.

There is only one straight Pennsylvania!! Dentalium having a 

smooth or nearly smooth surface, P. canna, and at present there 

seems to be no reason for not identifying the present, form with that 

species.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

GASTROPODA. 

PLEUROTOMARIID^E.

PLEUROTOMARIA Defrance. 

PLEUROTOMARIA IDAHOENSTS n. sp.

Plate VI, figure 3.

The shape of this form is in a general way globose, with a rather 

low, broad spire which occupies about two-fifths of the entire height.- 

The volutions number five or six and are rather rapidly enlarging. 

The peritreme is subcircular in section, perhaps a little wider than 

high, and regularly rounded on the outer side. A distinct and rather 

broad slit band occupies a median position on the .periphery, defined 

above and below by narrow, sharp grooves but only slightly elevated 

above the regular convexity. The surf ace above and below the band 

is crossed by numerous fine, indistinct, revolving lirae. Their number 

can not be ascertained because of their small size and poor definition. 

Three or four of the line near the suture are more distinct than the 

others. A few obscure lirae seem to be developed upon the slit band. 

The surface is also crossed in a transverse direction by fine, more 

or less indistinct, irregular, somewhat fasciculated growth lines 

which bend backward at the slit band and have a sinuous direction 

below it. Near the suture they tend somewhat to be raised into low 

costse. The volutions are embracing to a point just below the slit 

band.

In the senile condition the peritreme seems to lose its revolving 

lirse, becoming nearly smooth. A few specimens have been provisionally placed with this species which have the characteristic configuration but appear to be without revolving lirse, so far as can be 

determined.

In general appearance this form resembles Pleurotomaria subglobosa, 

from which it is distinguished readily by being less globose and by 

having the slit band on the median line instead of above it. There is
46 ' . FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

no American species known to me which more resembles the present 

form than the one just mentioned. >

Horizon avid locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Sublette Range, Wyoming (station 5072); Thomas Fork, Wyoming 

(station 988e); Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

PLEUROTOMARIA afF. NEVADENSIS Walcott. 0 

Plate VI, figures 4-5.

The specimens included under this caption are both variant and 

badly preserved. Many are mere fragments and most are reduced 

to molds of the interior. Only here and there are portions of the 

shell retained, and it is doubful how completely the sculpture is preserved upon them.

The specimen figured is an extreme example of this group. It 

has a moderately high spire with a rapidly enlarging peritreme, 

which toward the aperture is strongly angulated a little above the 

middle. The surface above and below the carina is obliquely flattened. This example does not show the sculpture, which seems to 

consist only of fine growth lines that bend backward at the carina, 

indicating a reentrant angle in the aperture at this point. Few specimens exceed 11 mm. in diameter, and the greatest height is generally 

less than the greatest width.

Among the forms to which, so far as the characters can be ascertained, this description applies, there are found many variations. 

One line of variation consists in the height of the spire, which is 

sometimes distinctly lower than 'in the figured example; another in 

the shape of the peritreme, which is angular at a much younger stage 

instead of showing this character distinctly only near the aperture; 

a third in the sculpture, one specimen showing traces of revolving 

lirse above the carina and another below.

Lack of uniformity in the height of the spire must probably be 

attributed to intrinsic variation. The varying shape of the peritreme, 

as seen in molds, is possibly due to difference in age, mature shells 

being thickened on the inside to a circular shape except near the 

aperture, where the test is thin and the shape about the same on the 

inside as on the outside. The difference in sculpture may be due to 

real variation or to preservation, one or both.

We may have among these specimens more than a single species, 

but it is impossible to determine this fact or make a subdivision with 

the fossils in their present condition.

On the assumption that we are dealing with a single species, it 

resembles, of American forms, P. minima of the Louisiana limestone 

and P. nevadensis of the Eureka district more than,any others. It is

a Walcott, C. D., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 8, 1884, p. 259, pi. 24, figs. 2, 2a.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 47

a much smaller species than P. nevadensis, though of about the same 

shape. Revolving strias which are well developed on the Nevada form, 

are either absent or very obscure on most of the specimens seen. 

Though typically this form is considerably different from P.idaJioensis, 

having a higher spire, a more angular peritreme, and a sculpture 

without revolving lirae (?), specimens occur which are difficult to 

refer satisfactorily to one species or the other. For instance, there 

are examples with the low spire of P. idahoensis, which at the same 

time have a strong angulation where the slit band is developed. The 

sculpture in these specimens, not being preserved, it seemed best 

to place them with P. aff. nevadensis.. There is also a form having a 

low spire and general configuration of P. idahoensis, but so far as can 

be determined no sculpture of revolving lirse. A few shells with this 

peculiarity have been provisionally placed with P. idahoensis.

At several stations occurs what is probably a dwarfed variety of 

this form (stations 5067,988b, and 988c), specimens having a diameter 

of 7 mm. or less.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Woodruff Creek, Utah (station 5074); Sublette Range, Wyoming 

(stations 5067, 5072); Thomas Fork, Wyoming (stations 988a, 988b, 

988c, 5070); Montpelier, Idaho (stations 980, 3511); Preuss Range, 

Idaho (station 993a).

BELLERQPHONTIDJE.

EUPHEMTJS McCoy.

EUPHEMUS SUBPAPILLOSUS White.

1876. Bellerophori carbonarius var. subpapillosus. White, Powell's Rept. Geol.

Uinta Mountains, p. 92.

Upper Aubrey Group: Beehive Point, near Echo Canyon, and near Echo 

Park, Utah.

1879. Bellerophon subpapillosus. White, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. [Hayden], Bull., vol. 5, p. 218.

Carboniferous: Wild Band Pockets, northern Arizona, 15 miles south of Pipe 

. Spring. ; .

1880. Bellerophon subpapillosus. White, Contrib. Pal., Nos. 2-8, p. 138, pi. 34, fig. 

3a (extracted from U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. [Hayden], Twelfth 

Ann. Kept., for 1878, pt. 1).

Upper Carboniferous: Northwestern Colorado and northern Arizona. 

1883. Bellerophon subpapillosus. White, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. [Hayden], Twelfth Ann. Kept.,, for 1878, pt. 1, p. 138, pi. 34, fig. 3a. 

Upper Carboniferous: Northwestern Colorado and northern Arizona. 

1899. Euphemus subpapillosus. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Nineteenth Ann. Rept.,

pt. 3, p. 592. 

1903. Euphemus subpapillosus? Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 16, p! 476.

Bellerophon limestone: Diamond Peak, Uinta Mountains, Colorado. 

1908. Euphemus subpapillosus. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 389, pp. 99-100. 

Manzano group: San Andreas formation, Engle; Yeso formation, San Andreas 

and Fra Cristobal; Abo sandstone, Sandia Mountains, New Mexico.
48 " FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

This species is represented by a single specimen in a poor state of 

preservation. It is distinguished by being rather large and broad 

and by having a few strong, widely spaced, revolving lirse. There is 

only one American species which possesses these -characters, and as 

this specimen agrees with E. subpapillosus in all points in which 

comparisons can be made the identification is probably to be relied 

upon. _ '. -

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Sublette Range, Wyoming (station 5067).

TURBINID^E.

OMPHALOTBOCHTJS Meek.

OMPHALOTROOHUS FERRIERI Girty.

Plate V, figures 4-9; Plate VI, figure 1.

1908. Omphalotrochus ferrieri. Girty, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 34, p. 297. 

Phosphate beds:' Montpelier, Idaho.

Shell rather small, consisting of six or seven volutions. Diameter 

rarely, if ever, in excess of 30 mm. and usually 25 mm. or less. Height 

about half the diameter, varying. Spire low, with flattish top and 

rounded sides. Suture more or less strongly indented. Umbilicus 

deep and broad. Peritreme section from subcircular to transversely 

subelliptical, sometimes more or less quadrangular, with a distinct 

peripheral carina. The horizontal axis of the peritreme section is 

almost perpendicular to the axis of revolution. The upper external 

portion of the peritreme between the carina and the suture is gently 

convex. It is marked by a revolving ridge, which is sometimes very 

indistinct, situated rather nearer to the carina than to the suture. 

Both above and below the revolving ridge the shell is depressed, but 

it rounds out again at the suture. The lower sulcus, that between 

the carina and the revolving ridge, is narrower and stronger than the 

one above. In proportion as these two sulci are evanescent 

the revolving ridge is distinct or obscure, and to some extent the 

carina is affected in the same manner. Usually the upper part of 

one volution projects somewhat above the preceding one, so that the 

suture is well marked. The junction of the two volutions is sometimes more precise, in which case the suture is less depressed. When 

this occurs, and when the sides are unusually flat, without a distinct 

revolving ridge, the shells have a rather individual expression, and 

they may possibly deserve to be discriminated as a variety. On the 

lower side the shell is gently convex, and regularly so, except for a 

shallow groove, more distinct in some specimens than in others, 

which occurs a little below the carina and helps to define it. The 

upper internal side is gently concave by reason of conforming itsshape to the preceding volution.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 49

This description refers to the later or mature volutions, the earlier 

ones showing considerable variation. The earliest whorls, one or two 

in number, appear to have been nearly circular in section and complanate, so that the spire was really depressed. Then the peritreme 

became flattened on top, with a relatively deep median depression. 

The upper surface of the volutions at this stage lay in the same plane, 

which was perpendicular to the axis of revolution. Then the upper 

or exposed surface became considerably broader, oblique, and much 

less strongly and sharply depressed. Finally, an elevation of its 

median or submedian portion into a revolving ridge gave it in the 

main a gently convex instead of a concave outline. It is due to the 

character of the early development that the spire is truncated on top, 

as if broken off, and owing to the same cause young shells are more 

discoidal than mature ones.

The growth lines in some specimens extend forward from the suture 

for a short distance, bending backward with a sharp turn on the little 

shoulder which occurs just below the suture. In others their course 

appears to be backward from the start. About midway on the outer 

side, or just above the revolving ridge, they again assume a forward 

direction, which is reversed at the carina or immediately above it. 

On the under side the lines are gently sigmoid, but more or loss backward in general direction. Thus the aperture would have Lad a projecting outline at the carina, with a strong sinus above and a shallow 

one on the under side. The growth lines are fine and regular, becoming strongly fasciculate and more or less sublamellose in older volutions.

OmpJidlotroclms ferrieri is extremely variable in all its characters, 

passing into types which approach 0. conoideus more or less closely.

Type specimens. Cat. No. 53465, U.S.N.M.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation: 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

OMPHALOTROCHUS FEERIERI var.

Plate VI, figure 2.

Under this title I have discriminated a few specimens differing 

from typical 0. ferrieri, with which they are associated, chiefly in the 

height of the spire, the typical form being somewhat more depressed 

and discoidal. The volutions are also likely to be somewhat inflated, 

owing perhaps to an extra development of the revolving ridge. These 

forms are, however, intimately connected with typical 0. ferrieri, and 

probably no one would make exactly the same identification of a good 

suite of specimens twice. On the other hand, while they are to some 

extent intermediate between 0. ferrieri and 0. conoideus, the latter 

is reasonably distincLfrom them. Specimens of 0, conoideus having 

46446° Bull. 436 10 4
50 FAUNA'OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

a spire lower than normal, a slightly convex instead of concave lateral 

surface to the peritreme, and a suture in which the volutions are 

flush, instead of having the lower overlap upon the upper, are most 

liable to be confused with this variety, but this combination of characters is extremely rare.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

OMPHALOTROCHUS CONOIDEUS Girty.

Plate V, figures 1-3,

1908. Omphalotrochus conoideus. Girty, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 34, p. 299. 

Phosphate beds: Montpelier, Idaho. . . .,

Shell rather small, seldom exceeding 25 mm. in diameter, consisting 

of seven or eight volutions. Spire high, 19 mm. in one large specimen 

but about 15 mm. as a rule. Umbilicus large, open. General outline 

conical, with sides nearly flat from apex to base. The peritreme 

section is approximately tetragonal, the upper and lower surfaces 

being more or less flat and subparallel, the inner surface nearly flat 

and perpendicular to them, and the outer also nearly flat, making an 

angle of about 60° with the base. The junction of the external and 

lower surfaces forms a sharp, somewhat projecting carina, emphasized 

above and below by shallow indistinct grooves. A low ridge is usually 

developed on the external side of the peritreme slightly below the 

middle. Each of the mature volutions projects at its base a little 

beyond the upper edge of that which follows it. In but few specimens is the upper edge of one volution flush with that which preceded, 

and in none has it been observed to extend beyond. The internal 

outline is circular, the shell being thickened to form the carina and at 

the three other angles made by the surfaces of the peritreme.

The growth lines indicate that the aperture had a sinus above and 

below the carina, with a projection along it.

In most of the characters enumerated there is more or less variation. The lateral surface of the peritreme is as a rule slightly concave, but sometimes flat or convex. The lower surface also is in 

some shells more strongly rounded than in others, thus affecting the 

prominence and sharpness of the carina. The revolving ridge 

of the lateral surface .is sometimes obscure, though usually 

distinguishable. .'... 

In all other characters, as well as some of those enumerated, this 

species is closely allied to 0. ferrieri, so that the description of the 

former may be used .for 0. conoideus, with the following modifications. 

As in 0. ferrieri, the spire of the present form is truncated, and owing 

to the same cause. The height of the peritreme is considerably 

greater than in 0. ferrieri, because of the fact that the lateral surface 

is considerably oblique to the axis. It is, at the same time, slightly 

concave or flat, instead of being convex, although a slightly convex
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 51

condition has sometimes been observed in shells referred to this species. 

The height of the shell is relatively considerably greater than in. 

0. ferrieri for these reasons. The lower surface is flatter than in 

O.femeri, which fact, joined with the flatter lateral surface, makes the 

carina sharper and more prominent.

Although the relationship of this form to 0. ferrieriis very obvious, 

and although both forms vary so much that the extremes approach 

each other in some particulars, 0. conoideus is a fairly well-marked 

form, deserving, it seems to me, specific distinction.

Type specimens. Cat. No. 53464, U. S. N. M.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511); Preuss Kange, Idaho (station 978).

NERITOPSID^E.

NATICOPSIS McCoy. 

NATICOPSIS TAYLORIANA n. sp.

Plate VI, figure 6.

Shell very small, consisting of four and one-half volutions, rapidly 

enlarging, the last comprising most of the visible portion of the shell. 

Above it the spire rises to about one-fourth the height of the whole, 

with strongly rounded whorls. Final volution inflated, slightly flattened above, so that the peripheral line is situated well toward the top 

of the peritreme. Surface smooth or with only obscure growth.lines.

But few species to which the present form is closely related have 

been described from the American Carboniferous, and those which 

seem most similar are two Canadian species from the other margin of 

the continent. I refer to Naticopsis dispassa and N.howei. The latter 

species is more similar than the former, but it seems to differ in having 

a more elevated spire and less inflated body whorl. I am, however, 

without specimens with which to make comparisons.

In many respects this form suggests a diminutive example of 

Sphserodoma texana, and the reference to the genus Naticopsis is not 

made unreservedly.

Horizon and .locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Montpelier, Idaho (stations 980, 5069a).

PYRAMIDELLID^E.

SOLENISCUS Meek and Worthen. 

SOLENISCUS aff. ALTONENSIS Worthen.a 

'.Plate yi,--figure 7. ' " 

Of this species our collection contains only one specimen, which is 

preserved as an internal mold. Though much smaller than the types 

of either species, it closely resembles 8. altonensis and S. Jiallanus, the

o Worthen, A. H., Kept. Geol. Survey Illinois, vol. 5, p. 593, pi. 28, fig. 8.
52 FAUNA OF -PHOSPHATE BEDS

former perhaps a little more than the latter. It shows a slight difference from S. altonensis in having the volutions more rounded and the 

sutures more depressed,.but this difference would be found to exist 

between the testiferous condition (in which the type of 8. altonensis 

occurs) and the internal mold (which is the condition of the present 

specimen) even in the same individual. It seems inadvisable to 

identify this form definitely with 8. altonensis without having testiferous specimens for comparison, and the introduction of a new name 

would, under present conditions, be still more inadvisable.

In the fauna of the Manzano group of New Mexico, which I have 

recently described, occurs a species similar to and perhaps identical 

with this one. It, too, is preserved in the condition of internal molds. 

A large specimen agrees with the present form in all points available 

for comparison save that it is nearly twice as large, while a small 

specimen of practically the same size presents no substantial differences at all.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 989).

PSEUDOMELANIA Pictet. 

PSEUDOMELANIA Sp.

Under this title are included three specimens from station 988e. 

They are largely reduced by exfoliation to the condition of internal 

molds, and the surface characters and to some extent even the shape 

of the peritreme have been obscured. They are small and slender 

and have a high spire. The diameter is about 2 mm. and the height 

about 7 mm. The volutions must have numbered seven or eight. 

They are rather strongly oblique, with somewhat flattened, gently 

rounded sides and not very deeply depressed sutures. So far as can

now'be told, these shells are without sculpture or slit band.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988e).

CEPHALOPODA: 

GLYPHIOCERATID^E.

GASTRIOCEBAS Hyatt.

GASTRIOCERAS SIMULATOR n. sp. 

Plate VII, figures 11-13.

Shell rather small, the largest specimen examined having a diameter 

of 24 mm. Shape subdiscoidal. Whorl section lunate, somewhat 

broader than high when mature, considerably broader proportionally 

 in the younger stages. Ventral surface strongly and regularly arched; 

sides flattened, slightly diverging toward the umbilicus. The latter
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 53

is rather broad, somewhat less than one-third the entire diameter. 

Volutions deeply embracing with a strong distinct umbilical shoulder, 

which is not quite concealed by the following volution.

Sculpture consisting of sharp angular lirse separated by rounded 

striae, the striae much the wider. The lirae are somewhat more closely 

arranged over the ventral surface than toward the umbilicus. There 

are also fine, transverse growth lines, very indistinct in the specimens 

seen, but which in a perfect state of preservation may have been fine, 

regular, closely arranged lirae. They follow the shape of the aperture and have a sinuous course with a rather deep sinus over the 

ventral surface, a low, broad saddle where the latter merges into the 

sides, and a broad, indistinct lobe on the side itself.

The suture is known not from the mature but from the half-grown 

stage, and the following description is based on a specimen having a 

diameter of 12 mm. and at very nearly the youngest portion visible. 

There is a low, narrow ventral saddle with a median notch. The 

first lateral lobe is somewhat narrower than the ventral saddle and is 

regularly rounded. The first lateral saddle is broadly and regularly 

rounded; it rises high above the ventral saddle and is about as broad 

as the ventral saddle and the first lateral lobes combined. The 

second lateral lobe is regularly rounded, about as broad as the first 

saddle, but somewhat shallower. The second lateral saddle is 

broader and shallower than the second lobe, rounded but not quite 

symmetrically so. A third saddle, probably broad, low, and not 

symmetrical, occurs on the umbilical shoulder.

The ontogeny of this species is only imperfectly known. In tracing its development backward the whorl section is seen to have been 

increasingly broader and lower and the volutions less embracing in 

proportion to their height, while the umbilicus is relatively broader. 

The sculpture also undergoes a noteworthy change, for when rather 

young (about 4 mm. in diameter) it is marked by very fine, regular, 

transverse, lamellose lirae, the revolving striae appearing only as very 

fine crenulations. In the young condition also (at a diameter of 

about. 6 mm.) the sides are marked by large, distinct nodes, which are 

much better developed in some specimens than in others. So far as 

the sutures have been observed in the early stages the lobes and saddles were regularly shallower and more uniform in size and shape.

This species in many respects closely resembles one from the 

Caney shale of Oklahoma, which I described as G. caneyanum, but a 

careful comparison reveals many differences. The present form has 

a wider umbilicus. It is a little more finely lirate, with less difference 

in arrangement between the ventral and umbilical lirae. The transverse lirae are probably finer and less distinct. The saddles are 

more regularly rounded and the second lateral lobe is rounded instead 

of pointed (a difference which seems to be only in part due to differ-
54 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

ence in age of the specimens compared). The present form also passes 

through a stage in which the sides are nodose, a condition not observed 

in the Caney species.

The distinctive characters between Gastrioceras and Gtyphioceras 

(Goniatites) have not been worked out very satisfactorily, and for the 

same reason which influenced me to refer G. caneyanum to Gastrioceras I have assigned to the same genus the present species, which 

agrees in a general way with G. caneyanum in its development and 

mature characters. At the same time it much resembles several 

species which J. P. Smith has placed in the genus Goniatites s. s. I 

have no authentic specimens of the forms in question, so that a comparison would needs be more or less unsatisfactory, besides being 

altogether unnecessary if the two types belong to different genera; 

but as I am not sure that my discrimination of Gastrioceras is based 

on the same characters as that of Professor Smith, these forms 

should be carefully compared, when the facilities for doing so are at 

hand.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (stations 981, 981b, 988h, 988i, 989, 5070).

GASTRIOCERAS? SP.

Plate VII, figure 14.

Under this title is included a single specimen which occurs in 

association with G. simulator and which resembles it in general 

appearance. The only well-marked difference consists in the absence 

of revolving lirae. Obscure transverse striae of growth are distinctly 

shown, and it is fairly certain that if revolving lirae comparable to 

those of G. simulator had ever been present they would have been 

sharply retained. The growth lines have a sinuous direction, very 

much as in the Other species, but somewhat different in their detail. 

Slight differences exist in the shape also.

The sutures are not shown by the specimen.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 981).

GONIATITES De Haan.

GONIATITES? sp.

This term is employed for a single specimen which, though indeterminate, is probably deserving of mention. It is very small and 

discoidal, with a diameter of about 1.5 mm. and a thickness of perhaps 0.25 mm. The volutions are six in number, scarcely enlarging 

at all, complanate, and barely in contact. The initial point is a 

bulbous enlargement having a greater diameter than the whorl 

beyond.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. ,55

In its present condition no sutures are shown, but it must be presumed to have possessed them if, as I suppose, it is a larval goniatite. 

The genus can not, of course, at this time be fixed. Professor Smith 

has figured a similar form as Goniatites calyx,a and the young stages 

of G. caneyanus present a similar appearance.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988b).

POPANOCERATID^E.

POPANOCEBAS Hyatt.

POPANOCERAS? sp.

Plate VII, figure 15.

This form is represented in our collection by a single specimen, 

which is not very well preserved. The size is rather small and the 

shape discoidal, the diameter being 15 mm. and the thickness about 

8 mm. The volutions are deeply embracing, so that the umbilicus is 

nearly closed. The volutions are perhaps a little higher than wide, 

strongly curved over the ventral surface, gently curved or somewhat 

flattened on the sides. The sculpture is unknown.

The suture is known only in a general way. It is certainly rather 

complicated with an undetermined number of lobes and saddles, 

probably more than in Gastrioceras and about as in Popanoceras. 

The detail is not well shown, but appears to consist of simple, rounded 

saddles contracting toward the aperture and of lobes of which some 

are three-forked and some probably two-forked.

Although a definite determination of the genus can not be made, it 

seems highly probable that this form is a Popanoceras, while in its 

specific relations it is probably new.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, .Wyoming (station 988i).

OSTRACODA. 

BEYRICHIID^E.

HOLLINA TJlrich and Bassler.

HOLLINA EMACIATA var. OCCIDENTALis n. var. 

Plate VII, figures 8-10.

Shell rather small, transverse. Width about 1.5 mm. or a little 

less. Shape higher and less convex at the posterior end. Anterior 

end regularly rounded. Posterior end sub truncate with a distinct 

obtuse angle above and a regularly rounded, projecting lower portion. 

Toward the margin the shell is marked by a narrow flange or lamella 

parallel to the plane of the shell margin and slightly raised above it.

a Smith, J. P., Mo'n. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 42, 1903, pi. 18, flgs. 6,9, etc..
56 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

The anterior tubercle is large and inflated and situated rather close 

to the margin. The posterior tubercle is also inflated but much 

smaller and the two are separated by a deep subcentral sulcus. The 

remaining portion of the shell, which has more or less of a U shape, is 

variously modified in different specimens. In a few it is merely a 

highly convex, regularly rounded ridge, which passes around the 

tubercles and dies out at the anterior end in front of the larger one. 

In most of the specimens this ventral ridge is partly divided into two 

portions, the sulcus which bounds the smaller tubercle on its posterior 

side obscurely passing upon or across it. The smaller tubercle thus 

sometimes appears in some degree connected with the anterior half 

of the ventral ridge. In a few shells the posterior portion is depressed 

and the ventral ridge very obviously terminates at the posterior 

tubercle. It is apt to be relatively thin in such cases and the resulting 

arrangement is suggestive of Bollia.

This form is closely related to Hollina Tierrickana, of the Manzano 

group of New Mexico. It is distinguished, however, by having a 

relatively larger anterior tubercle, while the ventral ridge is not so 

narrow and shows a marked tendency to be subdivided or to die out 

entirely at the posterior tubercle.

Compared with Hollina emaciata this is often, though not always, 

a more slender form with a greater proportional width, and the 

larger tubercle is situated nearer to the anterior border. I have not 

noted the short vertical curved ridge in the postdorsal angle nor the 

rimlike border along the straight back and anterior end. On the 

other hand, Hollina emaciata is not described as having the modification of the ventral ridge found in the present form.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (stations 981 a, 988a).

JONESINA TJlrich and Bassler.

JONESINA CARBONIFERA n. Sp.

Plate VII, figures 1-4.

Shell rather large, subquadrate, somewhat inequivalve, nearly 

equilateral. The hinge line is distinct, long, and straight, about 

two-thirds as long as the greatest width. The inferior border is 

gently and regularly convex, subparallel to the hinge and regularly 

rounded upward at the ends. The outline of the two ends is nearly 

the same. A more or less distinct angle is formed by junction of the 

terminal outlines and the hinge, these angles being sometimes prolonged upward as slightly projecting points. The convexity of 

mature shells is usually high, with somewhat flattened sides, more 

strongly incurved around the ventral border. In smaller specimens 

the convexity is likely to be lower and more regular, the final additions to the shell being so directed as to increase the convexity rather
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 57

than the height. When viewed either dorsally or ventrally the 

anterior portion is seen to be considerably more convex than the 

posterior. Furthermore, in the side view, when' the two valves 

have not been displaced that is, when the two hinge Jines are in 

contact the right valve is seen to be slightly smaller than the left 

and to be slightly enveloped by it. The same feature is shown in 

an interesting manner in the dorsal view, the hinge line of the smaller 

valve being slightly shorter than the hinge line of the other. There 

is a distinct deflection of the line of junction at the two cardinal 

angles (further distinguished by the projecting points above referred 

to), which thus seem to produce an elementary though probably 

more or less functional cardinal tooth at each end of the hinge.

The surface is smooth but marked by a narrow deep sulcus directed 

perpendicularly to the hinge and situated well posterior to the 

median line. It does nO"t extend halfway across the valve and its 

lower end is more deeply sunk than the upper. A second sulcus, 

much less distinct than the first, though having about the same 

direction, occurs a short distance anterior to it. The two sulci are 

connected by a depressed line along the cardinal border, and the 

lower ends also in a few cases can be seen to be connected, thus 

defining a circular or somewhat elongated tubercle.

The shells referred to this species differ rather widely in many,, 

particulars. A considerable range in point of size can probably be 

referred to difference in age. More important is a difference in shape, 

some examples having the .outlines of the two ends very nearly equal, 

whereas others are more distinctly oblique, with the posterior end 

projecting more strongly beyond the end of the hinge than the 

anterior. Some specimens are also narrow and others broad, while 

in some the primary sulcus is more nearly central than in others.

This species is one of the simpler types of the genus, represented in 

the American section by J'. gregaria, from which it is clearly distinct, 

being more transverse, lacking the spine, and showing other differences. It more closely resembles the English species J. arcuata, but 

is more equilateral, less oblique, and with a much narrower sulcus.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (stations 981a, 988a, 988e).

C YTHERELLID JE.

CYTHEBELLA Jones.

CYTHERELLA BENNIEI Jones, Kirkby, and Brady. 

Plate VII, figures 5-7.

1884. Cytherella benniei. Jones, Kirkby, and Brady, Pal." Soc., Mon. British Fossil 

Entomostraca Garb. Form., pt. 1, no. 2, p. 70, pi. 6, figs. 3a, b, 4a, b, 5a, b, 

7a, b; pi. 7, figs. 12a-d.

1908. Cytherella benniei. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 389, p. 116, pi. 8, figs. 7-9. 

Manzano group: Yeso formation, San Andreas, N. Mex.
58 FAUNA OP PHOSPHATE BEDS IN IDAHO; WYOMING, AND UTAH.

The form here under consideration occurs in abundance at station 

988a, but owing to maceration, by which the shell has been reduced 

to a soft chalky substance, the preservation is seldom good. At station 988e, although other ostracods are abundant, this species seems 

to be rare and the specimens thus far obtained are small. They are, 

however, well preserved and both valves occur in juxtaposition.

As they occur in the phosphate beds these shells are rather small, 

seldom attaining a size much over 1 mm. in width. They are strongly 

transverse, the width being very nearly twice the height, though this 

proportion varies in different specimens. The shape is generally 

elliptical, often narrowing somewhat toward one end, which is also 

distinctly thinner than the other. Seldom can any straight margin 

be distinguished as a cardinal line. Wnen ^ne two.valves are in place 

they are conspicuously unequal.

The surface is smooth, without sculpture or muscle spots. The 

curvature is not altogether regular, but there are no definite sulci 

or tubercles. In so far as I am able to determine, this small, poorly 

characterized form is the same which I identified as C. benniei-m the 

Manzano group of New Mexico.

Horizon and locality. Phosphate beds of the Park City formation; 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (stations 98la, 988a, 988e).
REGISTER OF LOCALITIES.

965. Montpelier district.

Waterloo claim, Montpelier, Idaho; limestone above 10-foot bed of phosphatic 

shales above limestone No. 4 in cut 4A. (See section on p. 15.)

F. B. Weeks and W. F. Ferrier, October 4, 1907. 

969. Crawford Mountains. ' ' 

Absaroka tunnel, one-half mile east of Emberg's ranch.

F. B. Weeks, September 9, 1907. 

978. Preuss Range.

Swan Lake, Idaho; "Cap lime" in north tunnel on north side oi gulch, Duke 

claim.

F. B. Weeks and W. F. Ferrier, September 21, 1907.

980. Montpelier district.

Waterloo claim, Montpelier, Idaho; limestone No. 4 in cut 4A, 6-inch limestone.

(See section on p. 15.) 

F. B. Weeks and W. F. Ferrier, October 4,1907.

981. Thomas Fork district.

Goniatite bed on west side of gulch, Layland tunnel, Sublette Range.

F. B. Weeks and W. F. Ferrier, September 17, 1907. 

981a. Thomas Fork district.

CTioneies-bearing limestone above Layland tunnel.

F. B. Weeks, September 17,1907. 

981b. Thomas Fork district.

Layland claim, Thomas Fork, Wyoming.

W. F. Ferrier, 1907.

982. Bear Lake district, Idaho.

"Cap lime" above main phosphate bed, south end of Hot Springs ridge.

F. B. Weeks, W. F. Ferrier, and J. J. Taylor, September 26, 1907. 

988. Thomas Fork district.

Coal Canyon, Pleurotomaria bed, bed 16. (See 988e; also, section on p. 18.)

W. F. Ferrier. 

988a. Thomas Fork district.

Bed 14, Chonetes-bearing limestone, Coal Canyon. (See section on p. 18.)

W. F. Ferrier, August 20, 1907. 

988b. Thomas Fork district.

Bed 18, Coal Canyon. (See section on p. 18.)

W. F. Ferrier, August 20, 1907. 

988c. Thomas Fork district.

Coal Canyon section, bed 9. (See section on p. 18.)

W. F. Ferrier, August, 1907. 

988d. Thomas Fork district.

Coal Canyon, bed 7. (See section on p. 18.)

W. F. Ferrier, August 20, 1907. 

988e. Thomas Fork district.

Bed 16, Coal Canyon. (See section'on p. 18.)

W. F. Ferrier, August 20, 1907.

59
60 FAUNA OF PHOSPHATE BEDS

988f. Thomas Fork district.

Bed 11, Coal Canyon.

W. F. Ferrier, August 19, 1907. (See section on p. 18.) 

988g. Thomas Fork district.

Bed 4, Coal Canyon. (See section on p. 17.)

W. F. Ferrier, August 20, 1907. 

988h. Thomas Fork district.

Goniatite-bearing limestone, bed 19. (See section on p. 18.)

W. F. Ferrier, August 20, 1907. 

988i. Thomas Fork district.

Raymond claim, Wyoming.

W. F. Ferrier, 1907." 

989. Thomas Fork district.

Goniatite bed, first gulch north of Raymond Tunnel gulch, Wyoming, in small 

cut on south side of gulch.

F. B. Weeks and W. F. Ferrier, September 14, 1907. 

990e. Weber Canyon district.

Phosphate series above main phosphate beds on Weber claim, in east Weber 

Canyon, between Robinson's ranch and upper tunnel between Croydon and 

Morgan, Utah.

F. B. Weeks and W. F. Ferrier, October 7, 1906.

991. Thomas Fork district.

Bed 14, Coal Canyon. (See section on p. 18.) 

F. B. Weeks.

992. Crau-ford Mountains.

South of Emberg's ranch; fossils from Blackfoot dump. 

F. B. Weeks, September 9, 1907..

993. Preuss Range.

From decomposed limestone over phosphate bed (phosphate No. 1 of Montpelier

section), Diamond claim. Swan Lakes, Idaho. 

W. F. Ferrier, 1907. 

993a. Preuss Range.

"Duke " claim, second pit above valley, north end of claim, Swan Lake, Idaho;

from weathered "Cap lime." 

W. F. Ferrier, October 26, 1907. 

3511. Montpelier district, Idaho.

About 20 lots gathered at different times by different collectors but all from the 

limestone above the lower or main phosphate ("Cap lime ") and all from points 

not far apart in the phosphate grounds near Montpelier. 

W. F. Ferrier, F. B. Weeks, ,T. J. Taylor, and C. C. Jones, 1904-1907.

5067. Sublette Range.

Cokeville, Wyo. Phosphate beds. 

F. B. Weeks, October 11, 1906.

5068. Montpelier district, Idaho.

Limestone No. 3,.Winter ground, section in cut 2A. 

F. B. Weeks, October 13, 1906.

5069. Montpelier district, Idaho.

Phosphates Nos. 3 and 4, from nodules, Waterloo ground, cut 4A.

F. B. Weeks, October 13, 1906. 

5069a. Montpelier district, Idaho.

Base of first shale above limestone No. 3, section in cut 4A, Waterloo claim.

F. B. Weeks, October 13, 1906. 

5069c. Montpelier district, Idaho.

Waterloo ground, second shale above limestone No. 3, in section of cut 4A.

F. B. Weeks, October 13, 1906.
IN IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH. 61

5069g. Montpelier district, Idaho.

Waterloo ground, upper layers just beneath the detritus in section of cut 4A,

above limestones Nos. 2 and 3. 

F. B. Weeks, October 13, 1906. 

. 5069h. Montpelier district, Idaho.

Waterloo ground, cut 21, limestone No. 2 or No. 3 above main phosphate. 

F. B. Weeks, October 13, 1906. 

5069t. Montpelier district, Idaho.

From limestone (nodules) at top of 10-foot upper phosphate bed, Marlow pit,

Waterloo claim, a few feet below 5069g. 

W. F. Terrier, August 26, 1907.

5070. Thomas Fork district.

Twenty feet above main phosphate bed in phosphate series on Thomas Fork, 

Wyoming.

5071. Sublette Range.

Probably same horizon as 5071a, but from bottom of tunnel near base of hill.

F. B. Weeks, October 11, 1906. 

5071a. Sublette Range.

Cokeville, Wyo., phosphate section. 

F. B. Weeks, October 11, 1906.

5072. Sublette Range.

Cokeville, Wyo., blue limestone, base of phosphate beds.

F. B. Weeks, October 11,1906. 

5074. Bradbury claim, Woodruff Creek, Utah.

W. F. Ferrier.

PLATE I.

63
PLATE I.

LlNGULA CARBONARI A VRl'. EXPORRECTA (p. 22).

FIGURE 1. A dorsal (?) valve.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988d).

LlNGULA CARBONARIA? (pp. 20-22).

FIGURE 2. A dorsal (?) valve.

3. A ventral (?) valve.

4. A dorsal (?) valve.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988d).

5. A small dorsal (?) valve referred to the same species. 

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

LlNGULIDISCINA MISSOURIENSIS (pp. 22-24).

FIGURE 6. A dorsal valve; seen from above. 

6a. Same, side view in outline.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

7. A large dorsal valve; seen from above. Y 

7a. Same, side view in outline.

Crawford Mountains, Idaho (station 992).

8. A dorsal valve somewhat deformed by pressure. Seen from above, X 2. 

8a. Same, side view in outline.

"Cap lime, " Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

9. A dorsal valve; seen from above.

9a. Same, side view in outline.

Montpelier, Idaho (station 5068).

10. A ventral valve, preserved as an external mold and deformed by pres- 

 sure, X 2.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988e).

LlNGULIDISCINA UTAHENSIS (pp. 24-25).

FIGURE 11. A ventral valve showing the characteristic configuration. 

Weber Canyon, Utah (station 990e).

CHONETES OSTIOLATUS (pp. 25-26).

FIGURE 12. A large characteristic ventral valve.

13. A young ventral valve; seen from above, X 2.

14. A small transverse specimen with a distinct sinus. 

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511). 

64
PLATE I. 65

. CHONETES OSTIOLATUS var. IMPRESSUS (pp. 26-27).

FIGURE 15. A ventral valve; seen from above. 

15a. Same, X 3.

16. Another ventral valve; seen from above. 

16a. Same, X 3.

17. Another ventral valve; seen from above. 

17a. Same, X 3.

Cokeville, Wyoming (station 5072).

CHONETES OSTIOLATUS var. MINUSCULUS (p. 27).

FIGURE 18. A large specimen with large pores around the margin; seen from above! 

18a. Same, X 3.

19. A specimen with both valves in conjunction; dorsal view, X 3.

20. A small ventral valve with small pores; seen from above, X 3. 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988a).

PUGNAX OSAGENSIS Var. OCCIDENTALS (pp. 33-34).

FIGURE 21. A specimen with two plications on the fold; dorsal view. 

21a. Same, front view in outline.

22. A specimen with three plications on the fold; dorsal view. 

22a. Same, ventral view. 

22b. Same, anterior view in outline.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511). 

46446° Bull. 436 10 5

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 436 PLATE I

5 6

1 2 3 4

7a 7

22b 22a 22

FAUNA OF THE PHOSPHATE BEDS OF IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH
PLATE II.

67
PLATE II.

PRODUCTUS GENICULATUS (pp. 27-28).

FIGURE 1. The typical specimen, a ventral valve; seen from above, 

la. Same, side view in outline. 

Ib. Same, posterior view. 

Ic. Same, anterior view.

2. An exfoliated specimen, with large spine scars; anterior view. 

2a. Same, seen from abpve. 

2b. Same, side view in outline.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

PRODUCTUS EUCHARIS (pp. 28-29).

FIGURE 3. A bivalve specimen with part of the ventral valve broken off; seen from

above, with the piece on. 

3a. Same, side view in outline. 

3b. Same, inner side of the broken piece, showing the characters of the

plicated dorsal valve. 

3c. Same as figure 3b, X 2. 

4. A ventral valve; seen from' above. 

4a. Same, posterior view, X 2. 

4b. Same, anterior view, X 2. 

4c. Same, side view in outline.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

PRODUCTUS MONTPELIERENSIS (p. 30).

FIGURE 5. The typical specimen; dorsal view.

5a. Same, ventral view.

' 5b. Same, side view in outline. 

6. A second specimen, an imperfect ventral valve.

"Cap Hme," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511)..

PRODUCTUS PHOSPHATICUS (pp. 29-30).

FIGURE 7. A ventral valve with numerous spines springing from raised costse; seen

from above. 

7a. Same, side view.

8. A characteristic ventral valve. 

8a. Same, side view in outline.

9. External mold of a dorsal valve.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511). 

68 .
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 436 PLATE

1C 3b

X2

2b

X2

4a

w

4b

9 8a 8

FAUNA OF THE PHOSPHATE BEDS OF IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH
PLATE III.

69
PLATE III.

PUGNAX WEEKSI (pp. 31-32).

FIGUKE 1. A pearly perfect specimen of the broad type; ventral view, showing the

thick shell exfoliated over the umbonal region, 

la. Same, side view in outline. 

Ib. Same, anterior view. 

Ic. Same, dorsal view.

2. A narrow specimen with obscure plications; dorsal view. 

2a. Same, side view. 

2b. Same, anterior view.

Montpelier, Idaho (station 5069h).

3. A specimen with stronger plications'of which three instead of two occupy

the fold; dorsal view. 

3a. Same, side view in outline. 

3b. Same, anterior view.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

4. A small, narrow, triangular type, perhaps a distinct variety; dorsal view. 

4a. Same, side view in outline. 

4b. Same, anterior view.

Swan Lakes, Idaho (station 993a).

PUGNAX WEEKSI var. NOBILIS (pp. 32-33).

FIGURE 5. The typical specimen; dorsal view. 

5a. Same, side view in outline.

6. A young example referred to this species; dorsal view. 

6a. Same, side view in outline. 

6b. Same, anterior view in outline.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

7. An unusual specimen referred here with doubt; dorsal view.

7a. Same, side view in outline. 

7b. Same, ventral view.

"Cap lime," Bear Lake, Idaho (station 982).

RHYNCHOPORA TAYLORI (p. 34).

FIGURE 8. The typical specimen; dorsal view. 

8a. Same, side view. 

8b. Same, anterior view. 

8c. Same, ventral view, X 2.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511). 

70
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 436 PLATE

6a

3a

6b

J

^^ 31

8 8a 8° 8c 

FAUNA OF THE PHOSPHATE BEDS OF IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH
PLATE IV.

71
PLATE IV.

NUCULA MONTPELIERENSIS (pp. 38-39).

FIGURE 1. The typical specimen, left valve, 

la. Same, X 3.

Ib. Same, posterior view, X 3. 

Ic. Same, cardinal view, X 3.

2. A right valve, X 3.

Montpelier, Idaho (station 980).

3. A left valve of somewhat different shape, X 3. 

3a. Same, cardinalview, in outline, X 3. 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 5069a).

YOLDIA McCHESNEYANA (pp. 39-40).

FIGURE 4. A left valve, not so transverse as the type, X 3.

5. A small but nearly perfect specimen taken as the type, left valve.

5a. Same, X 3.

5b. Same, cardinalview, X 3.

6. A right valve, somewhat larger than the type, X 3. 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 980).

LEDA OBESA (pp. 40-41).

FIGURE 7. A specimen with both valves in conjunction, considerably deformed by

compression, left valve. 

8. A large imperfect specimen in shale. 

Swan Lakes, Idaho (station 993).

AVICULIPECTEN ? MONTPELIERENSIS (pp. 42-43).

FIGURE 9. A left valve of medium size, X 2. 

Montpelier, Idaho (station?). 

10. A small right valve, X 2.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

AVICULIPECTEN PHOSPHATICUS (pp. 43-44).

FIGURE 11. A squeeze from the typical specimen, the mold of a left valve, X 2. 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988c).

SCHIZODUS FERRIERI (pp. 41-42).

FIGURE 12. The typical specimen, a-right valve. 

12a. Same, anterior view in outline.

Montpelier, Idaho (station 980).

13. A left valve having a shape suggestive of Sedgwickia. 

13a. Same, anterior view.

Montpelier, Idaho (station 5069g). 

72
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 436 PLATE IV

12 10a 1Q a 13

FAUNA OF THE PHOSPHATE BEDS OF IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH
PLATE V.

73
PLATE V.

OMPHALOTKOCHUS CONOIDEUS (pp. 50-51).

FIGURE 1. A large specimen, the last whorl of which is more or less of the/emmtype;

seen from above, 

la. Same, side view. 

Ib. Same, side view.

2. A characteristic specimen which shows the rare feature of very obscure

revolving lines; seen from above. 

2a. Same, seen from below. 

2b. Same, side view.

3. A specimen more or less intermediate with O.ferrieri; seen from above.

3a. Same, side view.

3b. Same, seen from below.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

OMPHALOTROCHUS FERRIERI (pp. 48-49).

FIGURE 4. A specimen of medium size; seen from above. 

4a. Same, seen from below. 

4b. Same, side view in outline.

5. A small specimen with low spire; seen from above. 

5a. Same, seen from below. 

5b. Same, side view in outline.

6. Another specimen; seen from above. 

6a. Same, side view in outline.

7. A specimen showing old-age characters on the last whorl; seen from above7a. Same, side view.

8. A very young specimen; seen from above.

8a. Same, X 2.

8b. Same, side view, X 2.

9. Cross section through a small specimen, X 2. The interior of the whorls is 

lined with calcite.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511). 

74
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 436 PLATE V

X2

FAUNA OF THE PHOSPHATE BEDS OF IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH
PLATE VI.

75
PLATE VI.

OMPHALOTROCHUS FERRIERI (pp. 48-49).

FIGURE 1. A characteristic specimen; seen from above, 

la. Same, seen from below. 

Ib. Same, side view in outline.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

OMPHALOTROCHUS FERRIERI var. (pp. 49-50).

FIGURE 2. A specimen having an unusually high spire; side view. 

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

PLEUROTOMARIA IDAHOENSIS (pp. 45-46).

FIGURE 3. The typical specimen; side view.

3a. Same, side view, X 2, showing sculpture. 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 98Sej.

PLEUROTOMARIA aff. NEVADENSIS (pp. 46-47).

FIGURE 4. A characteristic specimen of the group for which this title is used; side 

view. 

Cokeville, Wyo. (station 5072).

 PLEUROTOMARIA afF. NEVADENSIS? (pp. 46-47).

FIGURE 5. A fragment doubtfully referred to this species; side view, X 2, showing 

the shape of the slit and the aperture adjacent. 

Preuss Range, Idaho (station 993a).

NATICOPSIS TAYLORIANA (p. 51).

FIGURE 6. The typical specimen; side view, X 2. 

6a. Same, opposite side, X 2.

Montpelier, Idaho (station 980).

SOLENISCUS aff. ALTONENSIS (pp. 51-52).

FIGURE 7. The only specimen obtained; side view. 

7a. Same, opposite side.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 989).

CONULARIA Sp. (p. 20).

FIGURE 8. The only specimen found; side view.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511). 

76
PLATE VI. 77

EDMONDIA? PHOSPHATICA (pp. 36-37).

FIGURE 9. A somewhat compressed specimen retaining both valves in conjunction,

left valve. 

9a. Same, cardinal view in outline.

Swan Lakes, Idaho (station 993a).

CARDIOMORPHA? sp. (pp. 37-38).

FIGURE 10. A left valve considerably larger than the three other specimens included 

under this title. 

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

GRAMMYSIA? CAEBONARIA (p. 36).

FIGURE 11. An imperfect right valve.

12. The anterior half of another right valve.

13. Another imperfect right valve.

Montpelier, Idaho (station 980).

PLAGIOGLYPTA CANNA (pp. 44-45).

FIGURE 14. Internal mold of the most perfect specimen observed. 

Montpelier, Idaho (station 5069).

AMBOCCELIA ARCUATA (p. 35).

FIGURE 15. The typical specimen; ventral view. 

15a. Same, dorsal view. 

15b. Same, side view in outline. 

15c. Same, anterior view.

"Cap lime," Montpelier, Idaho (station 3511).

16. A medium-sized specimen; dorsal view. 

16a. Same, side view in outline.

17. A very young specimen; dorsal view, X 2. 

17a. Same, side view in outline, X 2.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988a).

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 436 PLATE VI

10 16

11

X2

17

15C

X2

153 15

12 13 

FAUNA OF THE PHOSPHATE BEDS OF IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH
PLATE VII.

79
PLATE VII.

JONESINA CARBONIFERA (pp. 56-57).

FIGURE 1. A characteristic left valve; side view, X 15.

2. A large right valve; side view, X 15.

3. A small bivalved specimen; left valve, X 15. 

3a. Same, right valve, X 15. 

3b. Same, dorsal view, X 15.

4. A large bivalved specimen; dorsal view, showing a sort of articulation 

along the hinge line, X 15. 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988e).

CYTHERELLA BENNIEI (pp. 57-58).

FIGURE 5. A bivalved specimen, right valve, X 15. 

5a. Same, left valve, X 15. 

5b. Same, cardinal view, X 15.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988e).

6. A small specimen,. X 15.

7. A large valve, X 15.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988a).

HOLLINA EMACIATA Var. OCCIDENTALIS (pp. 55-56).

FIGURE 8. A left valve, X 15.

9. A right valve, X 15.

10. Aright valve with somewhat different configuration. 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988a).

GASTRIOCERAS SIMULATOR (pp. 52-54). 

FIGURE 11. A small specimen showing suture; side view.

lla. Suture of same, X 3.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 981).

12. A mold showing the original shape of the aperture; ventral view in outline. 

12a. Same, side view in outline.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988i).

13. A rather large specimen showing sculpture; side view. 

13a. Same, ventral view.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 9816).

GASTRIOCERAS? sp. (p. 54).

FIGURE 14. A large specimen, which seems to be devoid of revolving striae; side view. 

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 981).

POPANOCERAS? Sp. (p. 55).

FIGURE 15. The only specimen observed, of a rare undetermined form; side view. 

15a. Same, ventral view in outline.

Thomas Fork, Wyoming (station 988i). 

80
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 436 PLATE VII

II

^ ^^^^(15

15

X15

X15

X15 3 b

X15

X15

10

12 12a 11

 15 13 13a 14

FAUNA OF THE PHOSPHATE BEDS OF IDAHO, WYOMING, AND UTAH
INDEX.

[Names in italic are those of synonyms; figures in black face denote descriptions; figures in italic show

position of illustrations.]

Page. 

AHerisma................................. J. 36

Amboccelia.................................. 35

arcuata................ 11,13,14,16,17,18,35,77

planiconvexa............................ 35

Ankareh formation, correlation of............ 7-8

Annelida.................................... 20

A viculipecten............................... 42-44

curticardinalis........................... 7

parvulus................................ 7

phosphaticus............. 11,14,17,18,43-44, 7g

montpelierensis......................... 11,

13,14,15,16,17,18,19,42-43, 72 

oblongus................................ 44

weberensis.............................. 7

Bear Lake district, fossil localities in......... 59-60

fossils of................................. 14,19

Belkrophon carbonarius var. subpapillosus.... 47

subpapillosus ............................ 47

Bellerophontidse ........................... 47-48

Beyrichiidfe................................. 55-57

Bollia.....................................:. 56

Brachiopoda.............................. 9,20,35

Bryozoa..................................... 8,9

Cap lime, fossils-from ................. 13,14,15-16

Cardiomorpha............................... 37-38

missouriensis............................ 37

sp........................ 11,13,14,15,37-38, 77

Cephalopoda............................. 19,52-55

Chscnomya.................................. 42

Chonetes.................................. 9,26-27

geinit/.ianus............................. 26

ostiolatus...... 9,11,12,13,14,16,17,25-26,27, 64

var. impressus........... 13,14,16,26-27,65

var. minusculus... 11,13,14,16,17,18,27, 65 

Composita................................... 6

trinuclea................................ 31

Conularia................................ 13,14,20

crustula................................. 20

roeperi .................................. 20

sp........:.............................. 20,76

Conulariidse................................. 20

Crawford Mountains, fossil localities in...... 59-60

fossils of.............................. 14,16,19

Cytherella................................... 57-58

benniei................ 11,12,14,17,18,57-58, 80

Deltopecten................................. 43

Dentaliidffi.................................. 44-45

Dentalium.................................. 45

canna................................... 44

46446° Bull. 436 10 6

Page.

Dielasma.................................... 34-35

bovidens ................................ 35

sp................................. 13,14,34-35

Distina Meekana ............................ 22,23

Missouriensis. ........................... 22

nitida... ................................. 22,23

utahensis................................ 24

sp....................................... 24

Discinidae................................... 22-25

Edmondia.................................. 36-37

glabra. ................................. 37

phosphatica........ 11,12,14,16,17,18,36-37,77

Euphemus................................... 47-48

subpapillosus.................. 13,14,16,47-48

Ferrier, W. F., work of...................... 5,19

Fossils, description of........................ 20-58

localities for............................. 59-61

plates showing........................... 63-80

Fusulina.................................... 8

Gastrioceras................................. 52-64

caneyanum............................. 53

simulator......... 9,11,12,13,14,17,18,52-54, 80

sp.............................. 11,14,17,54,SO

Gastropoda.................................. 45-52

Glyphioceras (Goniatites)................... 54

Glyphioceratidao............................. 62-55

Goniatites .................................. 54-55

calyx.................................... 55

caneyanus............................... 55

sp........................... 11,14,17,18,54-55

Grammysia................................. 36

carbonaria................. 9,11,14,15,16,36,77

Grammysiidse............................... 36-38

Gschelian fauna, correlation of.............. 10

Hollina...................................... 55-56

emaciata................................ 56

var. occidentalis...... 11,14,17,18,55-56,SO

herrickana............................... 56

Jones, C. C., work of......................... 19

Jonesina..............................'....... 56,57

arcuata.................................. 57

carbonifera............ 11,12,14,17,18,56-57, 80

gregaria................................. 57

Leda........................................ 40-41

obesa......... 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,40-41,72

Ledidaj..................................... 39-41

Lingula..................................... 20-22

carbonaria.......... 12,13,14,16,17,18,20-22, 64

var. exporrecta.......... 12,14,17,18,22,64

81
82 INDEX.

Page. 

Lingula mytiloides. .......................... 20,21

Lingulidsc................................... 20-22

Lingulidiscina............................... 22-25

missouriensis............................ 11,

12,13,14,15,16,17,18,22-24,25,64 

utahensis ....'............... 12,14,16,24-25,64

Marginifera.................................. 28

Meekoceras beds, fossils of................... 8

Mississippi Valley, phosphate fossils in....... 8

Montpelier district, fossil localities in........ 59-61

fossils of.............................. 14-16,19

rocks of.................................. 6

section in................................ 15

Myalina...................................... 8

aviculoides.............................. 7

permiana................................ 7

Naticopis.................................... 51

dispassa................................. 51

howei................................... 51

tayloriana................ 11,13,14,15,16,51, 76

Neritopsidse................................. 51

Nuculidsfc................................... 38-39

Nucula..................................... 38-39

illinoisensis............................. 38

levatiformis............................. 38,39

montpelierensis.......................... 9,

11,12,13,14,15,17,18,38-39,40, 78 

sp.................................... 13,16,39

Nuculana obesa. ............................. 40

Omphalotrochus ........................... 48-51

conoideus.......... 9,11,13,14,16,49,J50-51, 74

ferrieri............... 9,13,14,48-49,50,51, 74,76

var............................ 13,14,49-50

Orbiculoidea missouriensfs.................... 23

nitida... ................................. 23

Ostracoda................................ 19,55-58

Park City formation, members of............ 5-6

Pectinidaj................................... 42-44

Pelecypoda.................................. 36-44

Phosphate beds, correlation of............... 5-10

description of............................ 6

fossils in, distribution of................. 11-19

position of............................... 5-6

Plagioglypta canna................. 13,14,44-45, 77

Pleurotornaria...................'............ 45-47

idahoensis....... 12,13,14,16,17,18,45-46,47, 76

minima.................................. 46

nevadensis...... 11,13,14,15,1C, 17,18,46-47, 76

subglobosa.............................. 45

Pleurotomariidae............................ 45-47

Popanoceras................................. 55

sp.............................. 12,14,17,55,50.

Preuss Range, fossil localities in..:.......... 59-60

fossils of.............................. 14,16,19

Productidaj......................:........ 9,25-30

Productus................................... 27-30

aagardi.................................. 29

cancriniformis........................... 30

cora..................................... 29

eucharis......................... 13,14,28-29, 68

geniculatus...................... 13,14,28-29, 68

humboldti............................... 30

mammatus.............................. 28

montpelierensis............. 6,9,10,13,14,30, 68

Page. 

Productus multistriatus..................... 9,28

nevadensis.............................. 9

pertenuis................................ 29

phosphaticus................... 13,14,29-30, 68

>Productus limestone, correlation of.......... 6,7

Protozoa.................................... 8

Pseudomelania.............................. 52

sp............................... 12,14,17,18,52

Pterinopect en spio.......................... . 44

Pugnax..................................... 31-34

connivens............................... 32

dawsoniana.............................. 32

osagensis....................... ~........ 33

var. occidentalis......... 11,13,14,33-34,65

pugnus.................................. 32

Utah..................................... 8,33

weeksi...... 9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,31-32,33,70

var. nobilis.......................... 9,

11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,32-33, 70 

Pyramidellidaj..............................' 51-52

Rynchonella................................. 8,32

loxia.................................... 32

Rynchonellidse.............................. 31-34

Rynchopora illinoisensis .................... 34

taylori.....................,....... 13,14,34, 70

Scaphopoda................................. 44-45

Schizodus................................... 41-42

curtis.................................... 42

equalis.................................. 42

ferrieri........ 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,41-42, 72

rossicus.................................. 42

Schizophoria................................ 34

Sedgwickia............................... 36,37,42

conca va................................. 7,37

Soleniscus................................... 51-52

altonensis................... 12,14,17,51-52, 76

hallanus................................. 51

Sphserodoma texana......................... 51

Spirifer...................................... 6

cameratus............................... 9

Spiriferidae.................................. 9,35

Spiriferina pulchra........................... 9

Spirigera protea............................. 31

Squamularia................................ 6

Sublette Range, fossil localities in............ 60-61

fossils from......................... 14,16-17,19

section on............................... 17-18

Swan Lake district, rocks of................. 6

Taylor, J. J., work of........................ 19

Terebratulidas............................... 34-35

Thaynes formation, correlation of............ 7-8

Thomas Fork district, fossil localities in..... 59-61

fossils of.............................. 14,17,19

Trigoniidse.................................. 41-42

Turbinidas.................................. 48-51

Weber Canyon, fossil localities in............ CO

fossils of.............................. 14,16,19

Weber quartzite, correlation of.............. 6-7

Weeks, F. B., work of....................... 5,19

Woodruff Creek, fossils from.............. 14,16,19

Woodside formation, correlation of........... 7,8

Yoldia...................................... 39-40

knoxensis............................... 39,40

mcchesneyana. 9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,39-40, 72

o