p. 1


# OAR Box 

# 1870 Prepped byOllie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 22 ) ll-A-3 4 Docket Number: 

# A-90-1 9

Printed 11/28/20087:05:04AM Sheet 22 of 67P. 2 

# A-90-1 9 ll-A-3 4

4» a 

# 1 8 ? 

# EJUULI l EPA/625/6-86/01 4 Septembe r198 6 

# n J l l RFC - 9 fedZj»J V 

# IS 1 gP AAI R DOCKE T



# 1 Handboo k

Contro l Technologie s fo r Hazardou s Ai rPollutant s

•S3 - 

### iS i_a .mihX 

### Ai ran d Energ yEngineerin g Researc h Laborator y Offic e o fResearc h an d Developmen t U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency Researc h Triangl e Park , N C 2771 1
Cente rfo rEnvironmenta l Researc h Informatio n Offic e o fResearc h an d Developmen t U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y

Cincinnati , O H 4526 8

wmm^srms ."<?«

•P. 3

Exampl e Cas e Using Equations

4.7-2, -3, and

-5: m = 1. 3 (fo rth e operatin g condition s i n th e system , con sul treferenc e 21 ) Q e Gmo l Gmo l L-mol Lga l Lga l = 3,00 0 scf m

= 0.155x3,000x6 0
= 46 5 Ib-moles/h r

= 1. 6 x1.3x46 5
= 97 0 Ib-moles/h r

= 0.03 6 x97 0
= 3 5 gal/mi n Figur e 4-16 . Correlatio n fo rflooding rat e i n randomlypacke

d towers. ! 12

)

4.7.3. 2 Colum n Diamete r Onc e th e ga s an d liqui d stream s enterin g an d leav in g th e absorbe rcolum n an d thei rconcentration s ar e identified , flo wrate s calculated , an d operatin g condition s (typ e o fpacking ) determined , th e phys ica l dimension s o fth e colum n ca n b e calculated
. Th e colum n mus tb e o fsufficien tdiamete rt o ac commodat e th e ga s an d liqui d streams
. Th e calculatio n o fth e colum n diamete ri s base d o n floodin g considerations , th e usua l operatin g rang e bein g take n a s 6 0 t o 7 5 percen to fth e floodin g rate
. On e o fth e commonl yuse d correlation s i n deter minin g th e colum n diamete ri s show n i n Figur e 4 - 16.(12 ) Th e procedur e t o calculat e th e colum n di amete ri s a s follows : First , calculat e th e absciss a (ABS) : AB S = (L/G ) (PQ/PL) 0 5W.7-6 ) where : L= solven tflo wrate , lb/h r G = ga s strea m flo wrate , lb/h r P G = densit yo femissio n stream , lb/ft 3 Th e value s fo rth e variable s Lan d G ca n b e calcu late d b ymultiplyin g L mo i an d G mo i wit h thei rre spectiv e molecula rweights
. The n procee d t o th e floodin g lin e i n Figur e 4-1 6 an d rea d th e ordinat e (ORD) , an d solv e th e ordinat e expressio n fo rG arM , f a tflooding : (4.7-7 ) OR D = [(G are8 . f > 2 (a/€ 3 ) (n L 0

- 2 ) ] / PG p L g c Thus , Garea. f= {[OR D p G P_g e ]/[(a/€ 3 ) (|__ a2 )l}°- 5 where : Garea. f (4.7-8 )

= ga s strea m flo wrat e base d o n colum n cros s sectiona l are a (a t floodin g condi tions) , Ib/ft^-se c a, e = packin g factor s (se e referenc e 21 ) M- L= viscosit yo fsolvent , centipoise s g c= gravitationa l constant , ft/sec 2 Assumin g fa s th e fractio n o ffloodin g velocit yap propriat e fo rth e propose d operation , th e ga s 72 ^ . 0.0 1 o

0.00 1

0.0 1 0.04 5 0. 1 ':•< ; (L/G)WPL) 0

- 9 10. 0
Exampl e Cas e Using Equations

4.7-6, -7, -8, -9, -10, and -11: L=MW 80lvent xU, 0 . = 18x97 0
= 17,46 0 lb/h r G = MW , xG mo i = 28. 4 x46 5 = 13,20 0 lb/h r (se e Appendi xB.1 , referenc e 8 , fo r calculatin g MW. ) P G = 0.07 1 lb/ft 3(fro m idea l ga s la wat85°F ) (se e referenc e 2 1 fo rcalculatin g p G ) p L= 62.1 8 lb/ft 3(referenc e 18 ; a t85°F) AB S = (17,460/13,200 ) (0.071/62.18) ° 5 = 0.04 5 Fro m Figur e 4-16 , a t AB S = 0.045 , th e valu e o f OR D a t floodin g condition s i s abou t0.15
. Fo r2 - inc h cerami cRaschi g rings , fro m referenc e 21 : a = 2 8 € =0.7 4 Also , g e = 32. 2 ft/sec 2 O L= 0.8 5 c p (referenc e 18 , a t85°F ) Thus , G.„.. f= |(0.1 5 x0.07 1 x62.1 8 x3 2

(28/(0.74) 3 ] (0.85) ° G,re_. f= 0.5 6 Ib/sec-ft 2 (a tflooding ) I2.2)1 0 S

.. 2 J
Gar,
. = 0.6 0 x0.5 6 = 0.3 4 Ib/sec-ft 2 Thus , Aeoiumo =13,200/(3,600x0.34 ) Acolum o = 10. 8 ft 2 Dcofum n = 1.1 3 (10.8) ° 6 = 3.7 - 4 ft



### V .P. 4

Exampl e Cas e 1
. Calculatio n o fN 0 G Using Equation

4.7-13: HAP e = 20,00 0 ppm v HAP 0 = 20,00 0 ( 1 - 0.98 ) = 40 0 ppm v N O G = ln[(20,000/400 ) 0.37 5 + 0.625]/0.37 5 N 0 G =7. 9 Using Figure 4 -17: HAPe/HAP 0 = 20,000/40 0 = 5 0 A tA F = 1.6 , 1/A F = 0.63 , an d N O G = 8 2
. Calculatio n o fH 0 G : Using Equations

4.7-14, -15, -16, and

-17: L " = 17,460/10. 8 = 1,61 7 Ib/hr-ft 2 3,60 0 Gare a = 1.22 4 lb/hr-ft 2 Fro m referenc e 12 , th e packin g factor s are : b = 3.8 2 c= 0.4 1 d = 0.4 5 Y= 0.012 5 

### s = 0.2 2 Althoug h 1,22 4 lb/hr-ft 2 i s outsid e th e rang e show n i n th e table , assum e tha tth e packin g factor s ar e applicabl e an d th e erro rintro duce d int o th e calculation s wil l b e negligible
. Fro m referenc e 12 : Sc G = 0.6 6 Sc L= 57 0 Also , p. L " = 0.8 5 x2.4 2 = 2.0 6 Ib/ft-h r (Th e facto r2.4 2 i s use d t o conver tfro m centi pois e t o Ib/ft-hr. ) Hence , H G = [3.82(1,224)°- 41 /(1,617)°- 45 ](0.66) o s
= 2.0 6 H L= 0.0125(1,617/2.06) a22 (570) a 5
= 1.2 9 3 Usin g A F = 1.6 , H O G = 2.0 6 + (1/1.6 ) 1.2 9 - 2.8 7 -2. 9 " 7 3
. Calculatio n o fNtcoitmn : _ Using Equation

4.7-12: ~" * Htc 0lum n = 7. 9 x2. 9 = 22. 9 ^2 3 f t



# t s 4
. Calculatio n o fHt total : Using Equation

4.7-18: Ht tota l = 2 3 + 2 + (0.2 5 x4 ) = 2 6 f t 

### 7~7 Fo rcostin g purposes , i ti s necessar yt o calculat e th e colum n weight
. Us e the-fOHowin g equation:(24 ) Wtcoium n = (4 8 Deoi u m n XHttotat ) + 395(0^^5,) ? ^ —*<«7-19 ) 

### where : Wteoium n = colum n weigh t l b Also , t o determin e packin g costs , volum e occupied ' -byth e packin g materia l (Vpack.ng)hast o b e calculated
. Us e th e followin g expression : 'packin g = ^'^l^coiumni * Ht c o | u m n vcolum n = "•'85(D C O | umn ) Xn^Qium n (4.7-20 )

Exampl e Case Using Equation

4.7-19: <-»colum n = 4 r t Ht to ta
. = 2 6 f t Wtc 0tum n = (4 8 x4 x26 ) + 39(4) 2 Wtc 0lum n =5,60 0 l b Using Equation

4.7-20: Htc 0 | um n = 2 3 f t r packin g 'packin g = 0.78 5 x(4) 2 x2 3

= 29 0 ft 3 4.7.3. 4 Pressure Dro p Throug h th e Colum n Th e pressur e dro p throug h a packe d colum n fo r an ycombinatio n o fliqui d an d ga s flow s i n th e operabl e rang e i s a n importan tc<nomi cconsider atio n i n th e desig n o fsuc h col u <s. Fo ra particu la rpacking , th e mos taccurat e dat a wil l b e thos e availabl e fro m th e manufacturer
. Fo rpurpose s o f estimation , us e th e followin g correlation:(12 ) AP , = ( g x10~ 8 ) [10°j H (3,60 0 G a .) 2 /p G (4.7-21 ) where : i^^Xk» ' L" AP a= pressur&drop , Ib/fr'-f t g , r= packin g constant s (se e referenc e 12 ) Th e tota l pressur e dro p throug h th e colum n i s the n expresse d as : . AP«ot_
. = AP
. xHtco lum „ / 5 •2
. (4.7-22 )

Exampl e Cas e Using Equation

4.7-21 : Fro m referenc e 12 : g = 11.1 3 r= 0.0029 5 Also , L " 3,60 0 G a r u P G P t Thus , - 1,61 7 lb/hr-ft 2

= 3,600x0.3 4 = 1,22 4 lb/hr-ft 2
= 0.07 1 lb/ft 3
= 62.1 8 lb/ft 3 CL .• 0 AP . = [11.1 3 XIO * X1Q">00a9»»<'>617/82.18)( 1 224) 2 )

(0.071 ) AP , = 2. 8 Ib/f^-f t Using Equation

4.7-22: Htcolum n = 2 3 f t AP«o_i i = 2. 8 x2 3 = 64. 4 lb/ft 2 AP«ot_ i - 64.4/5. 2 = 1 2 i n H 2 0 (Th e facto r5. 2 i s use d t o conver tfro m lb/ft 2 t o i n H 2 0. ) 

### 74

# r mimmmmmmm i 

### __HB__
_ 

## •Ba a P. 5

Figure 5-6 . Price s fo rcusto m carbo n adsorber* , laaa

carbon.(5) -

o


## s o

a. E o t o 3 u £

. o 

## 3 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 20 0

Carbo n Weight
. C^ , (1,00 0 lb ) Pric e include s beds , instrumentatio n an d controls , an d a stea m regenerator
. 

### Al l auxiliaryequipmen t(ductwork , fan , an d stack ) purchase d costs an d freigh tan d taxe s mustbe add ed t o obtai n th e tota l purchase d cost . Th e costcurve fo rabsorbers (Figure 5-6 ) doe s not includ e th e costofpacking , platforms , an d ladders . Th e costofplatfor m an d ladders (Figure 5-7) an d packin g (Tabl e 5-4 ) mus tbe adde d t o obtai n th e majo requipmen tpurchase d cost . Al l auxiliar y equipmen t(ductwork , fan , an d stack ) purchase d costs , th e costo finstrumentatio n an d controls , an d freigh tan d taxe s mus tbe adde d t o obtai n th e tota l purchase d cost .

1 0 s o 10 0 50 0 1.00 0 Colum n Weigh tWU**TM(1,00 0 lb ) Price include s manholes , skirts , an d painting . Figur e 5-7 . Prics a fo rabsorbe rplatfor m an d ladder , ,6 )
( Alla o • o m-6/8 4 0 3 0 2 0

*
. 1 5

o • o • o < a

_ f • o c I S 

### E w 

# 1 a: 1 0 9 8 7 6 -

-

1 'y^

•H 0= 4 0 f

t ' •H c= 3 3 f t 4 H c= 27 ft 1 « i J 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 Colum n Diameter , t> ootum„ 1 5 (ft )

Tabl e S-4 . Prie s ofPackin g tarAbaorbe rSystem s (6 1 Packin g Typ e an d Materia l Packin g Diameter , i i Pai l Ring a Carbo n stee l Stainles s stee l Polypropylen e Ber t Saddle a Stonewar e Porcelai n Intalo xSaddles . Polypropylen e Porcelai n Stonewar e Peakin g Ring a Carbo n stee l Porcelai n SUttftiSMStse l iche s Cost/Ft * (#8 1 Dollars ) 1 1. 5 24. 3 16. 5 92. 1 70. 3 21. 9 14. 8 28. 1 21. 7 34. 5 26. 6 21. 9 — 19. 4 14. 8 18. 2 13. 3 30. 3 19. 8 13. 2 10, 6 109. 0 82. 6 2

15. 1 0. 8 13. 8

— — 13. 6 13. 3 12. 2

- " N <O7. 0 "9. 7 22. 9 2

0

3

— — —

— — 7. 0 12. 2 11. 0 13. 9 8. 1 — Oy. 

### Th e costcurve fo rcondensers (Figure 5-8)/yield s th e tota l capita l costfo rcol d wate rcondense rsystems . Fo rsystem s needin g refrigeran t (ethylen e glycol) , th e applicabl e costfro m Figure 5- 9 must b e adde d t o th e costobtaine d fro m Figure 5-8 . Since a tota l capita l costi s determined , n o additiona l cos t estimate s ar e necessary ; therefore , procee d t o Sectio n 5. 3 t o calculat e annualize d operatin g costs . Th e costcurve fo ra negative pressure fabric filter (Figure 5-10 ) doe s no tinclud e th e th e costofbag s (Tabl e 5-5) , whic h depen d upo n typ e offabri c used . Thi s costmus tb e adde d t o obtai n th e majo requip men tpurchase d cost . Al l auxiliar yequipmen t (ductwork , fan , an d stack ) purchase d costs , th e cos t 

### 100