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STATE OF VERMONT

SUPERIOR COURT ENVIRONMENTAL DIVISION

Vermont Unit Docket No. 181-12-13 Vtec

Buchwald Home Occ. Cond.Use Permit ENTRY ORDER 

Decision on Motions

 On September 10, 2012, the City of Burlington Development Review Board (the DRB) 

granted Adam Buchwald a permit to operate a musical instrument repair and construction shop 

as a home occupation in half of the garage located at his residence at 292 South Prospect 

Street, Burlington, Vermont (the 2012 permit). The 2012 permit did not allow customer visits 

to Mr. Buchwald’s home occupation. This 2012 permit was not appealed and is not before the 

Court. Barbara Headrick, a neighboring property owner, appeals the December 2, 2013 DRB 

approval of Mr. Buchwald’s application to expand his home occupation to include the entire 

garage and to allow customers, one at a time, to visit the home occupation. Pending before the 

Court are four motions in this appeal. 

The first is Ms. Headrick’s motion to amend her Statement of Questions. At the initial 

status conference in this matter, pursuant to Vermont Rules for Environmental Court 

Proceedings Rule 2, the Court expressed concern that Ms. Headrick’s Statement of Questions 

was in narrative form and contained commentary and other evidence not appropriate for the 

Statement of Questions. In response, Ms. Headrick filed her motion and an Amended 

Statement of Questions. 

The second motion we consider is Mr. Buchwald’s request that the court strike or 

dismiss certain questions as irrelevant or outside the scope of the appeal. 

Third, Ms. Headrick filed a “Motion to Request a Technical Review.” Although unclear, 

this motion seems to ask the Court to direct some third party of the Court’s choosing to test the 

noise resulting from Mr. Buchwald’s home occupation. 

Finally, Ms. Headrick filed a motion to compel discovery. Subsequent to her Motion to 

Request a Technical Review, Ms. Headrick asked Mr. Buchwald to allow her and her own sound 

engineer onto the premises to conduct the desired sound tests. Mr. Buchwald objected to this 

request. He argues that the testing is inappropriate and unnecessary because the use of the 

equipment in question was approved in 2012 and the pending appeal relates only to the 

approved expansion of the space in which he operates that equipment. Ms. Headrick’s motion 

to compel asks the Court to require Mr. Buchwald to cooperate with her request for access in 

order to conduct the testing. We address these four motions in turn. 
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I. Motion to Amend Statement of Questions.

 “Like motions to amend a complaint under V.R.C.P. 15, motions to amend a Statement 

of Questions are to be liberally granted . . . .” In re Ridgewood Estates Homeowners’ Ass’n & 

Indian Creek Homeowners’ Ass’n, No. 57-4-10 Vtec, slip op. at 7 (Vt. Super. Ct. Envtl. Div. Jan. 

26, 2011) (Wright, J.). In determining whether to grant a motion to amend the Statement of 

Questions we consider the same factors as the civil division considering a motion to amend a 

complaint; that is, we consider whether there has been undue delay or bad faith by the moving 

party, whether the amendment will prejudice other parties, and whether the amendment is 

futile. Colby v. Umbrella, Inc., 2008 VT 20, ¶ 4, 184 Vt. 1; In re Huntington Remodeling 

Application, No. 210-10-07 Vtec, slip op. at 4–5 (Vt. Envtl. Ct. Nov. 5, 2008) (Durkin, J.). 

 Ms. Headrick filed her Amended Statement of Questions well before trial and within the 

specific timeframe established by the Court during the initial pre-trial conference. The 

Amended Statement of Questions focuses on the legal issues for which Ms. Headrick seeks this 

Court’s review and omits the background facts and narrative contained within her initial filing. 

Mr. Buchwald seeks to strike or dismiss a number of the questions as irrelevant or outside the 

scope of the appeal, but these issues relate to the substance of Ms. Headrick’s concerns which 

are simply presented with greater clarity in the amended Statement of Questions. As we find 

the motion to amend was filed in a timely manner, in good faith, and does not prejudice any 

party we GRANT Ms. Headrick’s motion to amend her Statement of Questions. 

II. Motion to Strike or Dismiss Questions.

 We next consider Mr. Buchwald’s request that the Court strike, or dismiss, a number of 

Ms. Headrick’s amended questions. Specifically, Mr. Buchwald asks the Court to dismiss 

questions 1–13, 15, 16, and 19–26 as not relevant and/or beyond the scope of the appeal. We 

consider this motion under Vermont Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) as it seeks dismissal of Ms. 

Headrick’s questions for their failure to state issues on which the Court can grant Ms. Headrick 

relief. In ruling on Mr. Buchwald’s Rule 12(b)(6) motion, we must assume the factual 

allegations made by Ms. Headrick are true and can only grant dismissal if “it appears beyond 

doubt that there exist no facts or circumstances that would entitle [Ms. Headrick] to relief.” 

Colby, 2008 VT 20, ¶ 5 (citing Alger v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 2006 VT 115, ¶ 12, 181 Vt. 309). 

 Question 1 asks whether the Court will consider Mr. Buchwald’s compliance with the 

2012 permit, discrepancies in Mr. Buchwald’s representations, and whether such evidence 

would be helpful in setting conditions on the expansion application. To the extent this question 

relates to whether Mr. Buchwald is in compliance with the 2012 permit he received, it raises an 

issue not before the Court. This appeal is not an enforcement action, and the 2012 permit was 

not appealed and is therefore final. 24 V.S.A. § 4472(d). The remainder of the question asks 

about the admissibility or relevance of evidence not yet before the Court and does not ask a 

question for which the Court could grant relief to Ms. Headrick. Question 1 is therefore 

DISMISSED. 

 Question 2 asks whether the City had a conflict of interest during the DRB hearing and 

regarding permit enforcement. Although bias of a decision maker can be a legitimate concern 

before this Court, we caution that in our de novo review we consider the matter anew and are 
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generally not concerned with the details of the proceedings below. 10 V.S.A. § 8504(h); In re 

Poole, 136 Vt. 242, 245 (1978) (“A de novo hearing is one where the case is heard as though no 

action whatever has been held prior thereto.”). Potential bias of a municipal decision maker is 

generally cured by this de novo review. In re JLD Props. of St. Albans, LLC, 2011 VT 87, ¶ 10, 

190 Vt. 259. We cannot say, however, that it is beyond doubt that there are no facts that could 

entitle Ms. Headrick to relief at this time, so the motion to dismiss Question 2 is DENIED.

 Questions 3–11 ask about the nature of the project, originally approved in 2012, and 

how it should be defined regarding its use category and whether based on that definition it is a 

permitted use, a conditional use, or a nonconforming use. While Mr. Buchwald is correct that 

Ms. Headrick is precluded from collaterally attacking the original permit granting him the right 

to use half of his garage as a home occupation, these questions may be relevant to the 

determination of how to consider his expansion application. At this early stage of the 

proceedings, we find that it is not “beyond doubt that there exist no facts or circumstances that 

would entitle [Ms. Headrick] to relief” pursuant to Questions 3-11. 

Questions 12, 13, 16, and 21 all ask whether certain impacts on Ms. Headrick are 

grounds for the Court to deny Mr. Buchwald’s expansion application. These are proper 

questions before the Court. Mr. Buchwald has failed to show that it is beyond doubt that under 

these questions there are no facts or circumstances that could entitle Ms. Headrick to relief. 

Therefore, the motion to dismiss Questions 3–13, 16, and 21 is DENIED. Many of Ms. 

Headrick’s questions refer to “the enterprise.” We stress that in the appeal before us, we will 

review the application to modify the previously approved home occupation; we will not review 

the 2012 approved home occupation. 

 Question 15 asks whether Mr. Buchwald should be required to obtain space elsewhere 

for his expansion because Ms. Headrick can already hear noise from the existing permitted use. 

To the extent Question 15 and other questions ask whether the expansion will cause adverse 

effects on Ms. Headrick, this issue is properly before the Court and is contained elsewhere in 

her Amended Statement of Questions. The Court cannot, however, require Mr. Buchwald to 

seek some other space but can only decide whether his proposal complies with the regulations. 

In Question 19, Ms. Headrick asks whether an additional worker should be prohibited. Mr. 

Buchwald has not requested or applied for permission to hire an additional worker and 

therefore this question is not before the Court in this appeal. Questions 15 and 19 are 

therefore DISMISSED.

 Question 20 asks whether the Findings of Fact in the DRB’s 2012 permit approval can be 

revised in subsequent hearings. Question 22 asks whether noise from Mr. Buchwald’s 

operation in the area of his garage approved by the 2012 permit should be grounds for denial 

of his permit to expand. As mentioned above, the earlier permit was not appealed, is therefore 

final, and cannot now be collaterally challenged in this appeal. These two questions related 

entirely to the existing permit and the purported impacts of that permitted use on Ms. 

Headrick. We cannot grant Ms. Headrick relief based on the existing permitted use or the 

unappealed 2012 Permit, nor can we reconsider, alter, or amend the DRB decision. Mr. 

Buchwald’s motion to dismiss these questions is GRANTED and Questions 20 and 22 are 

DISMISSED. 
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 Questions 23–25 ask about other home occupations or other uses in the area and how 

they operate. The issues before the Court are limited to the permit application to expand an 

existing, permitted home occupation. Questions about other home business operations 

elsewhere in the City are not issues for which the Court could grant Ms. Headrick relief and are 

not relevant to this appeal. Again, we note that the prior decision approving Mr. Buchwald’s 

instrument repair and construction business as a home occupation is not before the Court and 

cannot be challenged. Questions 23–25 are therefore DISMISSED. 

Finally, Question 26 asks about amending the Findings of Fact in the 2013 DRB decision 

that is the subject of this de novo appeal. We review Mr. Buchwald’s application as though no 

action was taken by the DRB and therefore the accuracy of the DRB’s Findings of Fact is not a 

question properly before the Court. Question 26 is DISMISSED. 

III. Motion for Technical Review and Motion to Compel Discovery.

 Ms. Headrick’s initial motion to request technical review, although unclear, appears to 

ask the Court, at the State’s expense, to hire a sound engineer to test the noise impacts of Mr. 

Buchwald’s proposed home occupation expansion. The Court has no such authority. Each 

party before the Court bears its own burden of proving its case. Therefore, the motion to 

request a technical review is DENIED. 

 Ms. Headrick’s motion to compel discovery asks the Court to require Mr. Buchwald to 

accommodate Ms. Headrick and her engineer and allow them to test the noise caused by his 

home occupation. We consider this request as being brought under Vermont Rule of Civil 

Procedure 34 for purposes of inspection and measuring the operation of Mr. Buckwald. Mr. 

Buchwald, in his response to Ms. Headrick’s motion to request a technical review, indicates that 

regardless of who pays for the study he is opposed to allowing access because the review is 

unnecessary and irrelevant. We disagree. 

Although Ms. Headrick cannot challenge the 2012 permit, an analysis of the noise 

caused by Mr. Buchwald’s expansion activities as experienced from Ms. Headrick’s property 

may be relevant to the question of whether the expansion of Mr. Buchwald’s space will have 

adverse noise impacts on Ms. Headrick. As this information falls within the broad scope of 

discoverable information under Vermont Rule of Civil Procedure 26, Ms. Headrick is entitled to 

undertake this review. It is unclear to the Court whether the equipment used by Mr. Buchwald 

has already been moved to the DRB approved expansion area in the garage or whether locating 

the equipment in that half of the garage for the purpose of testing would be a reasonable 

accommodation Mr. Buchwald could make in allowing Ms. Headrick and her expert to collect 

the identified information. While we require Mr. Buchwald to cooperate with Ms. Headrick’s 

request for access, we recognize that he need only make reasonable accommodation in allow 

Ms. Headrick access to his property to conduct the tests. These reasonable accommodations 

may include running certain pieces of equipment at specific times to allow for sound and noise 

observation and measurements. Ms. Headrick’s Motion to Compel is therefore GRANTED, 

although limited in scope. 
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Conclusion 

 Ms. Headrick’s motion to amend her statement of questions is GRANTED. Mr. 

Buchwald’s motion to dismiss certain of Ms. Headrick’s questions is GRANTED in part and 

DENIED in Part; Questions 1, 15, 19, 20, and 22–26 are DISMISSED, while all other Questions 

remain at issue. Ms. Headrick’s motion to request a technical review is DENIED. Ms. Headrick’s 

motion to compel discovery to allow access to Mr. Buchwald’s property in order to conduct a 

noise study of Mr. Buchwald’s proposed expanded operationsis GRANTED. 

Electronically signed on April 01, 2014 at 03:51 PM pursuant to V.R.E.F. 7(d). 

_________________________________________ 

Thomas G. Walsh, Judge 

Superior Court, Environmental Division 

Notifications: 

Appellant Barbara Headrick 

Kimberlee J. Sturtevant (ERN 4778), Attorney for Appellee City of Burlington 

Appellee Adam Buchwald 

rkane