Date

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Time (UT)
of Flare

or Event tt

1967 (continued)

Feb

Feb

Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb

Mar

Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar

May
May

May

May

May

June
June
June
June
June
July
July
July
July

July

July

July
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug

21

22

22

26

27
27
28
28

1
7
14
21

18

24

29
1
1

18

18

1609-
{ -1638
1401-1535
or
1440-1604

1716-1734
~Geil)
(0134)
1344-1418
0022-0240
1603-1622
1603-1619
~and
1630-1750
1718-1800
2107-2205
1732-1806
1909-1934

1558-1615
0037-0110

1832-1935
(2037)
(1805)

2112-2140

2250-

2357-2430

(a) Unusual limb activity

Position

N25
N26

N23.
N27
N24
N24
N26
N27

N29

N20
N24

E70
E62

wol
E66
E50
E40
E25
E02

w38

W68
W68

N18
N24
N25
N24

N26
N25
N23
N23
N25

E35
E68
E46
E02

E05
W23
W24
W37
w33

N20,970

N28
N22
N24

Ell
E28
wai

N22
$20
S17
N24
N23
N24

N29

N23
N22
N14
N28
N30
N23
N17
N15
Nis
N18
$21

ESO
W34
wis
E70
E51
E39

E25

wo2
wo6
E19
W32
W68
E12
E90
E33
E23
W46
W1s

N23
N28
N25

N30

$26
N13
N27
N26
N16

E53
E34
E28

E00

W63
W25
W62
E90
E80

Ho, Imp.

(in-1b)

16

in
1b

2n
ib
Sn
Ib
lb
2n

In

Ib
Ib

in
2b
Sf
1b

3b
in
1b
in
in

in
Sn
2n

2b
3n
Sn
Ib
ib
2n

3b

Sn
1b
2n
2b
in
in
Sb
in
Sb
Sn
1b

Sn
Sn

Sn

2n
Sb
2b
in
2n

McMath
Plage

8704
8704

8698
8704
8704
8704
8704
8704

8704

8704
8704

8733
8740
8740

8740

8740
8740
8740
8740

8740

8751
8760
8760
8798
8791
8809
8818
8818
8818

8818

8818
8818
8821
8818
8818
8831
8863
8863
8863
8863
8875

8905
8905

8905

8901
8907
8905
8942
8942

Profile

abcde

11014

12132

1121-
10213
1111-
1113-
22233

1123-

01010
1121-
0003-
00010
10011
32331
00010

23100

0101-
11112
11111
11111

31202

01010
0001-
12020
00010
02132
23100
2013-
11232
11232
22233

33334

10132
21135
22112
32313
0113-
11230
00010
11133
10130
0003-
0103-
00030
00030
00130

10032

10113

02110
10112
22221
21212
12230

Index


Date

1959
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Noy
Noy
Noy
Nov
Nov
Nov
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
1960
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Feb
Feb

Feb

Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar

Mar

Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
May
May
May

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Time (UT)
of Flare
ox Eventtt
(continued)
17 2046-2113
18 1014-1350
28 0027-0128
31 1850-2054
1 1923-2216
2 0720-0954
2 1602-1645
3 0421-0439
5 1556-1614
ll 2157-2211
15 2110-2150
17 (0150)
20 (0012)
Ww (0657) *
18 (0043)
21 1734-1940
26 0923-1110
28
29
30
30
1
1
2
5
8
8 0747-0839
10 0512-0537
i (0412)
18 0636-0700
21 0043-0350
11 2040-2355
12
15
16
3
4
4 136-2220
5 1350-1400
5 1943-2007
7 1604-1636
13° 2002-2050
18 0122-0327
20
22
29
1
10
28
29
30
20 {Ts20c2034
1
3
5 0215-0530
24 2332-2430
28 0130-0145
29 0107-0908
4 1000-1200
6 (0312)
6 1404-2020

Position

N14
N12
Nil
N10
N12
N10
N25
N25
N13
N14
$13

W27
W23
E71
Ell
E60
w10
w77
W86
W52
EOL
W63

N20
S15
N12
Noo
NOs
NO7
NOo
Noo
NO7
N11
N13
N12
N15

W30
wi7
E31
E18
E16
wo6
wO6
wos
wi6
WO7
W39
W44
w70

$07
S04

N22
$10
$20
N12
N14
si5

$14

N11
N1O
N12
N11
$21
$20
NOs
$32
N22
N24
N14

N12

W53
W53

E02
W37
W68
E76
W30
Wao

W56

W50
W56
W87
E45
E90
E63
E41
W56
wi4
E07
E37
E30

N12

N12
N11
N12
N15
S05
N14
N13

EL

Ell
W36
W63
E35
E34
w2i
W90

S808 E07

Ho Imp.

+

:

PYRE ENRON GHEE @ ENE EO

POR EEN Ne S

cow
4

McMath
Plage

5323
5323
5344
5344
5354
5344
5339
5339
5344
5360
5367

Profile
abcde

22122
33232
21332
21232
22130
222-2
22213
31313
11222
10110
00010
002-0
00202
0-020
20010
11010
122-2
23230
22210
32333
33230
22130
32010
22233
222-3
11213
212-2
12213
10212
11-32
32232

2323-
01132
122-2
21014
22112
12132

10232

21-20
01010
00010
11110
30220
322-0
33232
02010
21222
21212
22232
323-4
30230

32333

333-3
322-0
32332
11030
33230
22232
333--
10010
3323-

Index

13
11
10

28
10
11

22
4
22

27
10
14
11
12
29
27
27
12

210

212
27
13

ii
11
29

Fl1


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho, Imp, McMath Profile Index
of Flare Plage abede
or Event ft

1969 (continued)

Mar 18 0625-0657 N13 E17 1b 9994 11213 8
Mar 18 1908-1938 N18 E42 In 9994 3110- 25
Mar 20 1335-1345 N15 wo2 Sn 9994 00030 3
Mar 21 0139-0330 N20 E17 2 9994 32322 12
Mar 21 1312-1430 N19 E09 2 9994 32333 14
Mar 22 0643-0700 N10 W20 1b 9994 11233 10
Mar 24 1449-1510 N18 W42 In 9994 31100 5
Mar 26 0832-0902 N23 E75 Sn 10011 30100 4
Mar 26 (1230) - - - 30100 4
Mar 27 1115-1132 N24 W65 le 9994 31000 4
Mar 27 1315-1430 N20 W69 2b 9994 22233 12
Mar 30 (0250) great eruptive 9994 22412 29

prom. NW limb
Apr 10 0410-0445 N11 E90 In 10032 21212 8
Apr 21 2004-2100 N24 W33 3b 10035 23302 10
Apr 26 NO7 E38 2n 10057 22233 12
May 2 NO9 w40 lb 10057 21232 10
May 17 N16 W70 In 10085 01031 5
May 17 N11 £90 sb 10109 20220 6
May 19 NO8 E64 Sb 10109 0003- 23
N12 E40

May 22 NOv E21 2 10109 22213 10
May 24 $22 W26 lb 10103 31202 8
May 26 $21 W50 Sb 10103 10133 8
May 28 N10 w59 1b 10109 11112 6
May 29 N11 W64 Ib 10109 11112 6
May 29 N12 W67 In 10109 21110 5
May 29 N11 W73 Ib 10109 21112 7
May 30 N11 w84 In 10109 31000 4
June 1 - - - 00030 3
June 5 N12 E64 2 10134 32333 14
June 5 NO9 E53 3b 10134 13232 i
June 5 N13 E68 Sn 10134 00030 3
June 6 $16 E52 2n 10135 32100 6
June 6 N10 E19 2b 10130 32100 6
June 7 N11 E34 In 10134 31201 7
June 11 N10 W20 2 10134 22233 12
June 13 $23 E69 2n 10146 32110 7
June 14 $12 W63 2b 10135 32121 9
June 18 N10 E06 Sb 10148 10113 6
June 18 N10 E09 sn 10148 00122 5
July 3 1515-1543 $11 W33 lb 10166 31113 9
July 7 053 $19 W03 1b 10181 11213 8
July 7 0615-0620 N14 £63 In 10191 01032 6
July 19 (1814) - “ ~ 00032 5
Aug 7 0901-0955 N21 £28 2n 10253 1201- =4
Aug 11 $21 W57 sn 10250 30002 5
Aug 18 $15 W53 1b 10262 0101- 22
Aug 29 N14 W26 sb 10283 1001~ 22
Aug 29 2304-2430 NO3 E37 In 10289 01010 2
Sept 10 0518-0541 $20 E69 1b 10309 1101- 23
Sept 15 - - - 00112 4
Sept 17 $04 W06 sn 10317 00113 5
Sept 17 804 WO6 Sb 10317 00012 3
Sept 18 $06 W31 Sn 10317 00112 4
Sept 23 (4701) - - - 1001- 22
Sept 25 0658-0900 N13 W15 3n 10326 03101 5
Sept 27 0350-0558 NO9 E02 3b 10333 23232 12
Sept 30 (1922) - - - o001- zl
Oct 3 0245-0311 NO7 w85 In 10333 11210 5
Oct 8 0725-0733 N16 W36 Sn 10351 10013 5
Oct 8 1631-1640 N16 wW40 Sb 10351 10224 9
Oct 9 N16 W48 sn 10351 10113 6
Oct 13 $13 W37 $n 10357 00110 2
Oct 13 - - - 00011 2

20


"an Experimental, Comprehensive Flare Index and Its Derivation for 'Major' Flares, 1955-1969"

by

Helen W. Dodson and E, Ruth Hedeman
McMath-Hulbert Observatory, The University of Michigan

The Need for _a New Type of Flare Evaluation

The abundance of different types of electromagnetic phenomena that accompany certain Ho flares
has led over the years to a felt need for a systematic organization of this information for the re-
spective flares, The current "importance" evaluation of a flare refers only to Ha circumstances and
primarily to flare area, In the absence of a more comprehensive evaluation of the flare event, the
Ho. importance often is used to indicate the magnitude of the phenomenon, It is possible that this
is a good procedure, but there is a certain uneasiness that in this practice important information
may be overlooked. A number of years ago, A. D. Fokker suggested the formulation of a radio frequency
importance evaluation for flares. In Boulder, at the Space Environment Services Center of the Space
Enyironment Laboratory, practical needs have led to the use of a flare classification that reflects
the magnitude of the X-ray or ionizing radiation associated with the event. The current practice in
the Quarterly Bulletin of showing correlated Ha flare, SID, and dynamic spectrum information in jux-
taposition to the distinctive radio frequency events, further reflects the apparent need for compre-
hensive flare information.

The types of data that seem both appropriate and available for an overall description of a flare
include evaluations of (a) the Ha flare itself, (b) time-associated ionizing or X-radiation, (c) the
magnitude of radio frequency radiation at both long (metric) and short (centimetric) wavelengths,
and (d) the type of the dynamic spectrum at radio frequencies. Furthermore, it seems desirable to
us that comprehensive information about the flare event be organized into a flare~profile in such a
way that the individual components can be recognized, as well as melded into a single overall flare
index.

An Experimental Comprehensive Flare Index

As a pilot venture in this field, an experimental Comprehensive Flare Index has been developed
at the McMath-Hulbert Observatory. It is based on five components which, when taken sequentially,
constitute a crude profile of the electromagnetic radiation of the flare. The components are listed
in the profile in the order of increasing wavelength. The sum of the five components gives the
Comprehensive Flare Index. The five quantities that comprise the flare profile and Comprehensive
Index are described below.

1. Importance of ionizing radiation as indicated by time-associated Short Wave
Fade or Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance; (Scale 1-3)

2, Importance of Ha flare; (Scale 1-3)

3. Magnitude of V10 cm. flux; (characteristic of log of flux in
units of 10-?*Wm-?(c/s)-*)

4, Dynamic spectrum; (Type II = 1, Continuum = 2, Type IV, with
duration >10 minutes = 3)

5, Magnitude of 1200 MHz flux; (characteristic of log of flux in units
of 10-72wm~?(c/s)-*)

We hold no brief for the special excellence or suitability of the index that we have derived.
It is an index that could be developed on the basis of available tabulations of flare data for solar
cycles 19 and 20, and especially since the IGY (1957-1959). We hope that the availability of this
index will help to test the possible usefulness of a comprehensive flare evaluation.

The user of the index should be aware of known shortcomings of the index here presented. For,
item 1 in the profile, the magnitude of the Short Wave Fade (SWF) has been used as a substitute for
a measure of the more significant X-radiation which generally was not known in past years. Because
of changes in the Solar-Geophysical Data Bulletin, it was necessary in 1969 to replace the Short
Wave Fade by the more general Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance.

In entry 2, the intensity of the Ha flare is not given specific consideration,

For items 3, 4, and 5 of the index the duration of the enhanced radio frequency emission does
not enter into the evaluation and this may be especially regrettable. In item 4 no distinction is
made between Type IV in the various parts of the radio spectrum, nor is the intensity of the Type IV
radiation reflected in the index. In some cases an intense meter~\ burst (item 5) merely reflects
the occurrence of a Type II burst already noted in item 4,

1


Comprehensive Plare Index "Major" Flares t, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho, Imp, McMath Profile Index
of Flare Plage abede
or Event tt

1967 (continued)

Aug 19 0530-0620 N16 E85 Ib 8942 11112 6
Aug 25 $20 E07 1b 8949 11111 5
Aug 26 S819 £00 1b 8949 11232 9
Aug 29 N22 W50 1b 8942 2111- =5
Sept 17 N18 W38 lin 8973 01032 6
Sept 18 N16 W60 2b 8973 12131 8
Sept 29 - - - 00012 3
Oct 25 1327-1445 NO9 W24 In 9034 01031 5
Oct 26 0608-0640 N10 W38 ib 9034 11112 6
Oct 27 (1320) - - - 00030 3
Oct 29 2347-2500 NO w90 2 9034 22302 9
Oct 31 1124-1200 $19 E21 2n 9047 02112 6
Nov 2 0852-0914 $18 WO2 2b 9047 22233 12
Nov 4 $18 W33 1b 9047 11212 7
Nov 8 (0222) - - - 00010 1
1750-1830 S16 E42 Sf ?
Nov 10 or 1013- 25
1825-1850 $25 w90 2 9047

Noy 12 2109-2130 N20 E88 Sn 9073 00010 1
Nov 16 2124-2318 N11 E33 3b 9073 2310- 26
Nov 19 1018-1130 N11 W38 In 9067 010-1 22
Nov 26 1500-1527 N22 woo Sn 9082 0003- 23
Nov 28 $20 W06 Sn 9088 0013- 24
Dec 3 - - - 00010 1
Dec 11 $22 W17 Ib 9108 11213 8
Dec 13 NO9 WO7 Sn 9111 00112 4
Dec 13 $22 W37 Ib 9108 11132 8
Dec 16 N23 E66 3n 9118 13212 9
Dec 17 - - - 1013- 25
Dec 20 820 £26 Sn 9125 0003- 23
Dec 20 N22 W82 lf 9113 1101- 23
Dec 27 S17 E59 in 9132 01113 6
1968

Jan 2 $22 E89 1b 9145 21312 9
Jan 4 N11 E76 2b 9146 12122 8
Jan 5 N12 E72 2b 9146 12212 8
Jan 10 2145-2213 826 W26 Lb 9145 o111- 23
Jan 11 1659-1728 825 W38 1b 9145 11232 9
Jan 12 $25 W53 2b 9145 1221- 26
Jan 14 N15 W42 Sn 9146 1013- 25
Jan 14 N17 W40 2b 9146 22131 9
Jan 15 N17 Wad 2 9146 12112 7
Jan 17 NO8 W90 in 9146 2111- 25
Jan 29 N14 E28 ib 9184 11224 10

NO9 W35 Sb

Feb 1 NU W20 Sb 9184 1021- 24
Feb 1 N16 WL6 In 9184 111i- 24
Feb 2 N15 W24 Ib 9184 11213 8
Feb 8 N32 W15 Sf 9197 00013 4
Feb 10 S17 E57 2n 9206 2223- 29
Feb 14 N20 E00 Sb 9204 1013- =5
Feb 15 $14 Wil 1b 9206 11132 8
Feb 16 NO5 E64 Sn 9216 00012 3
Feb 17 N17 W47 ib 9204 11112 6
Feb 21 N17 E73 . Sf 9222 0001- 21
Feb 25 $30 W17 1b 9218 1111- =4
Feb 27 $30 W52 1b 9218 0101- 22
Mar 14 $20 W53 1f 9268 01012 4
Mar 20 - - - 00031 4
Mar 21 N17 W54 Ib 9266 11010 3
Mar 21 $24 E53 Sb 9279 2011- =4
Mar 21 (2207) - - - 10112 5
Mar 28 0321-0400 $15 W51 in 9273 11110 4
Mar 30 (1423) - - - 00012 3
Apr 1 1306-1325 $15 E30 Sb 9292 00113 5

v7


JULY 16, 1959 FEB. 25, 1969 JUNE 6, 1969

ah jam o9h oom 16h oqm
NIG w3l NI3 W37 NIO E19
33333215 12334213 32100-6
4 °
3 @--0--0--0--o@ e
aN
2
' “
°

Fig. 1. Examples of flare "profiles"

B. Individual Flare Evaluation

The indices here described also can provide a basis for the evaluation of the overall relative
importance of any one flare. According to the data in Table I, an index >10 represents an unusual
flare. In the 15 years covered by this survey, there were 1116 flares that qualified as "major"
flares according to the criteria here used, but of these flares, only 158 had an oyerall index as
great as 11. These truly great flares are rare and have occurred with a frequency of about 20/year
near maximum in cycle 19 (1957-59) and 10/year near maximum in cycle 20 (1967-69). (See Table III
and Figure 2.)

Table III

Number of "Major" Flares Distributed by Value of Comprehensive Flare Index, 1955-1969

Comprehensive Flare Index Total No.
Year/1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 m2 12 13 1 15 36 a7 | Major"

1955-1969
1955 4 0 6 3 1 3 1 1 1 - - 1 - - - - - 21
1956 5 1 7 5 8 10 20 10 5 2 1 2 L - - - - 77
1957 8 8 15 14 18 18 15 19 18 7 12 2 1 4 3 - - 162
1958 4 2 a1 7 11 7 19 14 12 8 4 6 2 3 3 2 - 115
1959 2 6 10 6 7 9 17 12 11 10 5 6 3 3 1 1 - 109
1960 2 4 11 10 7 7 9 11 6 5 9 12 3 3 3 1 - 103
1961 3 2 6 6 5 5 3 4 5 2 4 3 - 1 1 1 - 51
wez}2 3 2 6 3 = 3 3 38 = 3 4a ee ew ee 28
1963 3 1 4 3 8 1 2 4 3 1 3 1 - - L - - 35
eh f- = 2 = = ew ee ee ae ee 3
1965 - - - 1 L - 1 2 1 - - - - - oo co - 6
6/5 6 6 5 5 8 6 9 2 6 2 3 2 2 =~ a e 68
1967 8 6 13 11 16 16 6 10 8 1 - 6 - - - 1 - 102
1968 9 6 18 17 13 10 9 7 17 6 1 2 L 2 - - 1 119
1969 3 9 11 10 19 15 13 10 5 5 2 9 2 4 - - - 117
Total |57 54 122 104 122 109 124 116 97 53 47 54 «15 22 12 7 1 1116

23


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho, Imp. McMath Profile Index
of Flare Plage abcde
or Event tt
1968 (continued)
~ 1515-1525 N15 w82 sn 9735
Oct 29 or 00333 9
1515-1558 $14 w9 sn 9740
Oct 30 $18 W26 2b 9740 32130 9
Oct 30 NO5 E26 Sn 9747 00030 3
Oct 30 $14 W37 3b 9740 23332 13
Oct 31 $14 w49 2b 9740 12232 10
Nov 1 $16 W47 2n 9740 22312 10
Nov 1 $13 W56 1b 9740 1122- 26
Nov 2 S15 W65 2b 9740 32212 10
Nov 2 - - - 00010 1
Nov 2 $13 W67 Sn 9740 10130 5
$13 W89 in
Nov 4 $19 W389 tb 9740 0101- 22
Nov 4 0524-0606 $15 W90 ib 9740 2122- 27
Nov 11 1439-1512 N17 E03 Sn 9760 00033 6
Nov 18 N21 W87 1b 9760 31303 10
N20 E89 in
Dec 2 Mio neo 3 9802 1323- 29
Dec 11 - - - 10233 9
Dec 12 - - - 00112 4
Dec 13 $32 E07 Sn 9811 00112 4
Dec 14 - - - 00012 3
Dec 23 N18 E50 In 9842 01113, 6
Dec 24 N17 E38 Sn 9842 00112 4
Dec 24 N19 E29 lb 9842 11232 9
Dec 25 N19 E25 in 9842 1111- 24
Dec 27 N16 E03 2b 9842 22213 10
Dec 28 S11 W85 Sn 9826 30200 5
Dec 28 N15 W55 1b 9836 0101- 22
Dec 29 N16 W33 1b 9842 3120- 26
Dec 30 N13 £26 Sn 9847 00113 5
1969
Jan 13 { $13 W35 Sf 9859 0003- 23
Jan 17 N16 E45 sb 9873 1023- >6
Jan 18 N16 E42 Sn 9873 10212 6
Jan 24 0706-0930 N20 wos 3n 9879 132-2 28
Feb 1 2125-2205 N11 E77 Ib 9911 3112- 27
Feb 2 NO9 E73 2n 9911 1221- 26
Feb 8 N13 E07 Sn 9911 00012 3
Feb 8 N12 E06 Sn 9911 1021- 24
Feb 8 N18 E13 Sb 9918 2013- 26
Feb 9 N18 E02 Sb 9918 00113 5
Feb 9 N18 EOO Sb 9918 2021- 25
Feb 20 N14 E38 2b 9946 1220- 25
Feb 23 N12 woo in 9946 11212 7
Feb 24 N12 W31 2b 9946 22233 12
Feb 25 N13 W37 2 9946 12334 3
Feb 25 N12 W41 in 9946 11233 10
Feb 25 N13 W43 lin 9946 3122- 28
Feb 26 N13 W46 2b 9946 22323 12
Feb 27 N13 W66 sn 9946 30100 4
Feb 27 N13 W65 2b 9946 22233 12
Mar { N1O w89 dn 9946 21112 7
0251-0320 $26 WO5 2b 9957
Mar 2 or 12211 7
0251-0320 N16 E47 in 9966
Mar 2 1110-1132 N1l E66 Sn 9966 00010 1
Mar 3 2215-2300 N12 B46 In 9966 11113 7
Mar 12 1739-1809 N12 w80 2b 9966 32333 14
Mar 13 1315-1328 N12 W85 Ib 9966 31100 5
Mar 16 2011-2035 N16 E07 lf 9996 0113- 25
Mar 17 2334-2355 N13 E19 sn 9994 10112 5

19


Date

1963
Aug
Aug
Aug
Sept
Sept

Sept

Sept
Sept
Sept

Sept

Sept
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct.
Oct
1964
Mar
Apr
Apr
1965
Feb
May
May
June
June
Oct
1966
Jan
Jan
Feb
Feb
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar

Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar

Apr

May
May
May
May
May
May

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flares}, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Time (UT)
of Flare
or Event tt
(continued)
11 2357-2406
12 (2057)
7 1540-1640
8
13
14 and
2202-2221
15 O01. 219
16 0325-0617
16
20 {
26 0638-0944
18 1625-1710
18 2006-2058
19 1650-1725
22 1321-1610
28 0135-0335
16 1553-1700
7 0125-0300
11 0025.
5
1
25
5
13
4
16 1845-2010
v7 1029-1250
2 1510-1607
7
15
15
16
16
16 2252-2322
18 2345-2410
19 0338-0527
20 {Tertti30
21
23
24
25
28
28
29
29
30
31
12 1621-1643
and
1717-1745
2 (1216)
8 0429-0435
9
il
24
25

Position

wis

w90

$12
S09
$10
N12

Nil
N15
N11
N12

NLO

N13
N12
N16
Nil
N11
N12

NOS
N18

E09
E90
E42
E72

E71
E75
E57
E48

woo

E78
E90
E90
E90
E50
W24

w73
E67

NOs
N28
Nig
$10
N23
$21

N20
N19
N26
N27
N23
N16
nis
nis
N16
Nis
N21
N21
N15
N19
N16
N20
N20
N28
N27
N28
N28
N28
N28
N22

N21

N21

was
E85
W73
w50
wWo3
W30

E34
E27
E27
W38
E75
E70
E60
E58
E59
E27
E33
E25
E08
W10
W33
W42
W54
E80
E68
E66
E60
E50
E35
W80

W383
W80

N26
N24
N31
N12

W83
E90
E88
E19

Ho, Imp.

14

BPeRORIE
=

NEQHOAN

$n

In
in
in
Sn
Ib
1b
Sb
In
3n

2b

2b
in
2n
2n
1b
Ib
2b
Ib
2n
2n
Sn

in
dn
Sn

Sn
In

McMath
Plage

6909
6909
6924
6961
6961

6964

6964
6964
6964

6964

6964
7003
7003
7003
7003
7003

7113
7213

7661
7794
7809
7842
7847
8012

8131
8131
8154
8154
8207
8207
8207
8207
8207
8207
8207

8207

8207
8207
8207
8207
8223
8223
8223
8223
8223
8223

8240

8279
8294
8300
8310

Profile
abcde

01010
0-030
21222
1003-
31102

01220

32312
23100
32220

32334

33302
21133
21212
22130
32331
332--

31232
02010
00030

12132
10012
01132
20132
111-2
02132

00132
2232
01030
01010
11312
0003-
11132
11132
00132
01112
33200

323-3

12113
01133
22233
32212
11110
21212
22213
21232
32234
32100

21130

00030
10010
00011
21130
00032
0-010

Index

HUN Nw


Date

Oct
Noy
Nov
Noy
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov

Nov

Nov

Nov
Nov
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec

Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
1958
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Feb

31
4
5
6

22
22
23
23
23
24
24

7
15
15
16
16
18
25

9

{

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Time (UT)
of Flare
or Eyent t+
1957 (continued)
(2119)*
(2240)
1205-1257

(0321)
(0040)
0404-0446

1100-1202
1817-1939
or
1825-1950
0457-0509
0045-0600
0347-0443
(2346)
0000-0030
1750-1859
0227-0346
1245-1450
0757-1015
0543-0606
2334-2400
or
2334-2402
or
2349-2425
0237-0301
0437-0505
or
0438-0443
or
0438-0445
or
0439-0504
1022-1101
(1543)
0025-0040
0038-0052
1436-1523
(0018)
(0103)
(0127)
0221-0234
0435-0437
(0529)
1632-1655

(0245) *
(0435) *
2229-2331

1820-1939
(0335)
1640-1757
1414-1447
2255-2347
2253-2335
0915-1107
1330-1501

Position

$24 W54

$28
$25
N18

W67
E27
W45

N31
N26
$14
$12
$12

S16
N29
N41
NLS

w28
W54
E37
E35
E12

E24
W71
E63
E45

$22
N15
N15
N18
N20
N16
s15

N25
N17
$27
Nis
$21
$20

$26
nig

W25
W41
E90
E78
E13
E00
E60

E27
W27
E30
W26
E16
W35

E41
w28

N18
N26
N18

W38
E40
w45

N21
$07

E01
w59

N21
S07

w72
w70

N25

S18

w50

E39

$13
N18
S15
sil
$23
$20

W58
E23
E47
W32
w70
wo2

Ho Imp.

BRNRIN

AwWWNN

HORE

:

v

McMath
Plage

4207
4207
4237
4230

4246
4246
4263

4257

4263
4246
4282
4295
4288
4295
4314
4314
4314
4314
4323

4321

4314
4319
4314

4319
4313

4322
4314
4314
4321
4314

4321
4315

4314
4315

4321
4355

4355
4370
4377
4368
4372
4400

Profile
abcde

0-012
00010
222-4
00210
322-2
11212
012-0
002-0
20213
32213
222-2

352-4

60131

11012
03010
22210
102-0
012-0
12111
31302
323-3
32223
21213

002-0

012-0

002-0

312-2
00030
11200
12200
21230
00200
00200
00200
01200
212-0
002-2
30222
31222
2-3-3
1-2-0
22033

12131
00010
32320
31100
02010
01012
332-2
311-2

Index

23

210

29

23
22

i
28

212


Publication Notice

WORLD DATA CENTER A - UPPER ATMOSPHERE GEOPHYSICS REPORT VAG
(Prepared by Environmental Research Laboratories, Bou2ier, Colorado)

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Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Report UAG-1, "IQSY Night Airglow Data" by L. L.
Smith, F. E. Roach and J. M. McKennan of Aeronomy Laboratory, ESSA Research
Laboratories, July 1968, single copy price $1.75. [Catalog No. C52.16/2:1]

Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Report UAG-2, "A Reevaluation of Solar Flares, 1964~-
1966" by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman of McMath-Hulbert Observatory, The
University of Michigan, August 1968, single copy price 30 cents. [catalog No.
€52.16/2:2]

Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Report UAG-3, “Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic
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Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Report UAG-4, "Abbreviated Calendar Record 1966-
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Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Report UAG-6, "International Geophysical Calendars
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C52,16:12/2], Part 3 [Catalog No. C52.16:12/3]
USCOMM-NOAA-ASHEVILLE--7-30-71--1125,


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho Imp. McMath Profile Index

of Flare Plage abcde

or Event tt
1956 (continued)
Feb 21 1330-1338 N40 W72 3 3401 030-0 23
Feb 23 0331-0510 N23 w80 3 3400 333-4 213
Feb 29 2220-2335 $29 W24 3 3413 332-0 28
Mar 1 1730-1745 N20 W55 2 3412 222-1 =
Mar 2 1220-1314 N21 W64 3 3412 230-2 27
Mar 8 (0320) * - - - 0-213 26
Mar 10 N16 E88 2 3431 322-0 27
Mar 13 N21 E50 2 3432 322-0 27
Mar 15 N22 E21 2+ 3432 323-2 210
Mar 19 - - - 300-0 23
Mar 20 S17 WO4 1 3435 312-3 29
Mar 31 N30 W80 1 3440 312-0 26
Apr 9 N33 E27 3 3457 230-2 27
Apr 12 N19 E67 2 3464 22010 5
Apr 25 (2348) - - - 00010 1
May 16 (0007) - - - 00010 1
May 17 2230-2404 $24 W18 3 3497 031-0 24
May 18 1600-1610 $26 E45 s 3503 102-2 25
May 30 (0230) * - - - 3-202 27
May 30 2320-2357 S20 E02 1 3513 01010 2
May 31 N24 E38 at 3518 320-2 2
June 14 - - - 300-0 23
June 24 N30 W90 s 3535 302-2 27
July 6 0246-0300 N20 E47 1 3565 21213 9
July 22 1624-1720 N29 W54 2 3577 222-0 26
July 25 (0310) - - - 300-3 26
July 25 0535-0545 N27 w90 1+ 3577 310-0 24
Aug 9 0141-0204 N21 E48 2 3607 322-0 27
Aug 19 0120-0129 S21 E67 1 3630 312-0 26
Aug 21 (0140) * - - - 3-200 25
Aug 23 0215-0220 $19 W35 1 3625 312-3 29
Aug 27 0942-1018 N30 W35 it 3629 310-0 24
Aug 29 0937-1053 N30 W69 3 3629 230-0 25
Aug 30 (0157) * - - - 3-2-2 27
Aug 31 N15 E15 3 3643 332-4 212
Sept 5 $25 E77 3 3658 030-0 23
Sept 5 1645-1800 $24 E82 i+ 3658 310-0 24
Sept 10 (O134)* - - - 0-010 21
Sept 14 0813-0907 $22 E29 3 3666 030-3 26
Sept 17. 1942-2120 $20 WL7 a 3666 322-1 =8
Oct 1 N45 W48 3 3691 030-0 23
Oct 7 N24 E07 3 3694 032-2 27
Oct IL N22 w58 3 3694 330-0 26
Nov 7 S17 E32 3+ 3751 230-3 =8
Nov 8 N14 E62 1 3753 11202 6
Nov 10 - - - 30020 5
Nov 10 0840-0904 N27 wO7 1 3750 310-2 26
Nov 12 (2309) - - - 00010 1
Nov 13 0157-0254 N28 W58 3 3747 23200 7
Nov 14 1037-1400 $20 W55 3 3751 23003 8
Nov 19 (O135)* - - - 0-210 23
Nov 20 1002-1318 S15 W56 3 3755 330-3 29
Nov 22 1312-1415 S15 W84 2 3755 323-3 zl
Dec 2 1400-1406 S15 E81 1+ 3785 31201 7
Dec 6 1405-1415 $21 E41 3 3785 332-2 210
Dec 7 (0457) - - - 302-0 25
Dec 15 0520-0545 $25 W30 2 3788 322-0 27
Dee 17 $24 W52 3 3788 33200 8
Dee 18 0830-1020 $25 W69 2 3788 320-0 25
Dee 18 2045-2313 $22 W78 2 3788 32200 7
Dec 19 0725-0810 $22 W72 2 3788 320-0 25
Dec 19 0835-0930 $15 E84 2 3800 320-2 27
Dec 20 0456-0523 $25 w90 1+ 3788 31200 6
Dec 22 0955-1058 N32 E90 3 3804 030-0 23
Dec 26 0507-0626 SL5 WO6 2 3800 322-0 27


Values of the Comprehensive Flare Index range from 0 for subflares without significant ionizing
or radio frequency emission to 15, 16, and 17 for flares that were outstanding in all aspects of
electromagnetic flare radiation, For a large number of flares in past years, needed observations
were not obtained and for these events the Comprehensive Index must remain incomplete. In such cases
the derived value represents only a lower limit for the Comprehensive Index

Comprehensive Flare Indices for "Major" flares in Cycles 19 and 20 (to 1969)

The Comprehensive Flare Index described above has been derived for all flares in solar cycles

19 and 20 (to 1969) which are considered to have been well above average in either Ha, ionizing, or
radio frequency radiation. Specifically, the index has been determined for all flares that satisfied
any one of the following criteria:

Short wave fade (or Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance) importance 23.

Ho flare, importance 23.

10_cm flux, 2500 x 10-??Wm-*(c/s)-?,

Type IT burst

Type IV radio emission, duration >10 minutes.

Accordingly each flare for which the Comprehensive Index has been derived in this program can in
some sense be considered as a "major" flare, The times of these "major" flares, with their respective
profiles and comprehensive indices, are listed in Table I. .In this table, the reported time refers
to the Ho flare or subflare, when known, When no Ha event has been reported, a nominal time is given
in parentheses and refers to the approximate time of the short wave fade or the radio frequency emis-
sion, Careful distinction has been made between "no flare reported" and "Ho observations not in pro-
gress." An asterisk in the Time column of Table I identifies the latter situation.

Table I

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flares t, 1955-1969

Date Time (UT) Position Ho Imp. McMath Profile Index
of Flare Plage abcde
or Event tt

1955

Jan 16 2130-2220 N33 W41 3 3065 03222 9
Feb 24 (0104) - - - 00013 4
June 9 (0001)* - - . 0-012 23
June 15 (0400) * - - - 0-012 23
June 18 1218-1315 $23 W25 3 3182 131-2 27
June 18 1905-1940 $22 W21 3 3182 23322 2
June 21 (2329)* - - - 0-01- 21
July 5 (0215) * - - - 0-012 23
July 7 (0206) * - - - 0-012 23
Sept 10 (0509) * - - - 0-010 =.
Sept 19 - - - 0-212 25
Oct 25 $22 B42 2 3309 321-0 26
Nov 12 N27 E27 3 3326 230-3 28
Nov 15 N26 WO9 1t 3326 21012 6
Nov 15 (1734)* - - - 2-200 24
Nov 15 (2205) - - - 00010 1
Nov 18 (0238) - - - 10210 4
Novy 24 (0442) * - - - 0-010 21
Nov 28 (2230)* - - i 3-000 23
Nov 30 (0539) * - - - 0-210 23
Dec 3 1058-1245 N20 E08 3 3342 330-0 26
1956

Jan 16 (0031) - - - 00010 1
Jan 19 (0015) * - - - 2-012 25
Jan 19 0535-0710 N22 E19 3 3379 13000 4
Feb 10 N22 E90 3(2) 3400 332-0 28
Feb 13 N19 E44 2 3400 322-1 28
Feb 14 N12 £32 2 3400 32313 12
Feb 16 1805-2039 N20 E08 2 3400 322-2 29
Feb 17 0446-0652 $20 E25 3 3403 33200 8
Feb 17 1100-1242 N20 WOd 3 3400 330-2 28
Feb 19 1430-1627 N25 W23 a+ 3400 312-2 28

2


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flares t, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho Imp. McMath Profile Index

of Flare Plage abcde

or Eyent tt
1966 (continued)
May 25 N12 £04 1b 8310 11133 9
May 28 N15 W40 2b 8310 32131 10
June 2 NO4 W50 Sb 8318 00010 1
June 11 N20 E22 Sb 8336 00032 5
June 18 - - - 00010 1
June 25 $24 WO9 lb 8348 31133 am
July 7 N35 W48 2b 8362 32332 13
July 9 N35 W73 2b 8362 32232 12
July 11 N35 W90 3n 8362 03102 6
July 28 N36 E33 3b 8413 03232 10
Aug 24 N23 E55 Sn 8461 00020 2
Aug 26 N23 E22 2n 8461 1203- 26
Aug 28 N22 E05 3b 8461 33334 16
Aug 29 N21 W1i in 8461 21122 8
Aug 29 N24 WL8 Ib 8461 01132 7

2b
Aug 31 {0154-0235 N22 W30 In 8461 32203 10
and

0250-0421 in
Sept 2 0542-0800 N24 W56 3b 8461 33313 13
Sept 4 0407-0579 N21 W87 3n 8461 33233 14
Sept 4 1430-1502 N23 W88 Sn 8461 00010 1
Sept 8 N25 E60 Sn 8496 00011 2
Sept 16 N22 E67 in 8509 11220 6
Sept 18 N22 E42 1b 8509 21211 7
Sept 19 N20 E05 sn 8506 20110 4
Sept 19 N22 E22 ln 8509 3100- 24
Sept 20 NO6 W14 2b 8505 32223 12
Sept 21 0930-0950 N22 E06 Sb 8509 202-0 24
Sept 22 1615-1700 NO3 w42 Sf 8505 00010 1
Sept 25 312) - - - 00030 3
Sept 27 (1313) - - - 00111 3
Oct 9 1045-1150 N21 woo 2n 8530 021-0 23
Oct 24 1502-1520 N14 E09 Sb 8556 00213 6
Noy 22 1835-2000 N30 E19 Ib 8584 1103- 25
Dec 1 1746-1825 N26 E10 Sn 8594 00030 3
Dec 10 2305-2335 N21 E90 Qn 8612 12112 7
Dec 13 2300-2350 N24 E56 2b 8612 12210 6
Dee 21 1511-1534 N26 E66 SE 8620 10123 7
Dec 30 2231-2254 $23 E32 1b 8629 01133 8
Dec 31 1610-1700 N24 w29 In 8625 0101- 22
Dec 31 1648-1710 $22 E23 Sb 8629 1013- 25
1967
Jan 2 1512-1540 $25 WO4 sn 8629 00114 6
Jan 4 0204-0217 $22 W33 in 8629 01011 3
Jan 11 S27 W45 3b 8632 03110 5
Jan 11 2016-2034 N16 W88 Sb 8631 1013- 25
Jan 12 0231-0305 N19 W90 lf 8631 21210 6
Jan 15 0316-0404 N27 E80 Sf 8649 00112 4
Jan 15 2310-2332 N18 E82 In 8650 0101- 22
Jan 20 2044-2130 N23 E63 In 8659 0112- 24
Jan 21 2131-2230 N22 E48 1b 8659 11110 4
Jan 24 0100-0124 N22 E21 Sn 8659 00012 3
Jan 24 2023-2108 N22 £09 1b 8659 1113+ 26
Jan 28 0743-0850 $23 E19 Sb 8667 00012 3
Jan 31 0024-0034 N20 E17 Sn 8670 10112 5
Feb 2 0145-0228 N26 E62 In 8680 11110 4
Feb 2 (1838) - ~ - 0011- 22
Feb 3 0252-0400 N13 E61 1b 8682 21232 10
Feb 4 1641-1916 N11 E40 2b 8682 1223- =8
Feb 13 1747-2130 N21 W11 3b 8687 1313- 28
Feb 18 0943-1200 N22 E55 3n 8698 03100 4

15


Date

Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug,
Aug
Aug
Sept
Sept
Sept

Sept

Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept

Sept

Sept

Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct

Oct

Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct

6
6
9
10
28
28
30
31
1
1
2

19

30

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flares, 1955-1969 (Continued

Time (UT)
of Flare
or Eventtt
1957 (continued)
(0229)

0913-1404
2010-2048
(2210) *
1257-1455
0204-0224
0946-1030
0409-0445
fet

or
1313-1410
0037-0116
1018-1103
1656
0845

226-(

1410-1508
303

{i228 1600
1722-
1815-2110
0350-0555
0529-0552

0534-0641
(2150)*
0144-0155
0152-0202
0816-1022
0406-0415
(0239)*
0838-1120
1637-1644
1644-1804
(2145) *

Position

N25 W22
$33 W77
N26 W71
$31 E33
$28 E30
N25 WO2
N13 WO8
N12 Woo
N14 W25
N1O W26

S34 W36
N24 W24
N15 W40
N23 W30
N15 W88
$13 E25
N14 E16
N15 E90
N13 WO2
NOO W15
Nill W18
S17 W76
$16 W24
NO9 W32
N11 W39
NO7 E69
N11 wW64
N11 W77
N23 E10
N20 E04
N23 E08
N20 E03
N23 E02
N23 W13
NO7 W14
N23 W23
NLO W06
N15 E90
N15 E90
N22 E15
N25 W37
N17 WO5S
$38 W14
N25 E38
N12 E40
N22 W56
$25 E21
$24 WO4
$28 W20
$25 W32
$26 W45
$26 W35
$28 W50
$18 W79
N15 W42
N27 W44

Ho, Imp.

BENET NROPHO!

Y

="

RERNE LHRH LEBLERHN NE EENN I LOLORLKEY

++

RIPE

7"

&

11 nares

McMath
Plage

4083
4082
4083
4125
4125

4124
4124
4124
4124
4124

4125
4124
4124
4124
4124
4138
4134
4148
4134
4134
4134
4136
4141
4134
4134
4152
4134
4134

4151

4151

4151
4151
4152
4151
4152
4162
4162
4159
4159
4172
4173
4183
4186
4179
4189
4189
4189

4189
4189

4189
4189
4195
4194

Profile

abcde

00210
00012
31100
31320
33332
22212
2-233
33333
310-3
222-3
11210

22202

21222
222-0
33320
313-2
00022
23200
20210
33333
20200
32213
22232
21212
11202
31232
322-0
322-0
21212
21212

33120

33232

33333
11200
12222
322-1
33230
20010
01010
23132
33200
22203
12210
31200
122-0
1-300
212-0
230-0
312-0
11202
2-3-3
320-2

33332

1-210
01211
01022
10012
00010
2-2-0
0-200

Index

26
11
29

=3
15

i
il

il
27
27


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued

Date Time (UT) Position Ho, Imp. McMath Profile Index
of Flare Plage abcde
or Event tt

1969 (continued)

Oct 13 (2336) - - - 00210 3
Oct 14 0539-0616 N25 W71 2n 10352 02010 3
Oct 14 (1853) - - - 00011 2
Noy 2 1102-1220 N14 w90 In 10385 31322 1
Noy 4 NO8 E89 In 10411 11231 8
Noy 5 N12 E32 in 10406 01033 7
Noy 5 N25 E60 1b 10412 01121 5
Noy 10 N23 E04 Sf 10412 00030 3
Nov 18 N14 E40 2b 10432 32333 14
Nov 19 N14 E33 2n 10432 12321 9
Noy 19 NO7 E29 Ib 10432 01302 6
Noy 19 N13 E25 ib 10432 31121 8
Nov 21 NO8 WO3 2b 10432 3210- 26
Noy 22 NO9 W15 In 10432 31102 7
Novy 23 N15 W19 ib 10432 312-1 27
Noy 24 N13 W31 2b 10432 323-4 212
Noy 27 N16 W82 2b 10432 32224 13
Noy 28 - - - 30100 4
Nov 28 S15 E21 In 10449 01112 5
Nov 30 1700-1727 N23 E02 Sn 10447 00233 8
Noy 30 (2206) - - - 00020 2
Dec 18 (1450) - - - 00132 6
Dec 19 0335-0357 N12 E65 Sn 10493 00210 2
Dec 19 (2330) - - - 0001- al
Dec 26 0240-0313 $22 WO4 Sb 10495 20212 7
Dec 30 $14 w85 In 10491 21211 7
Notes: + This list of "major" flares includes all flares that satisfied any one of the

five criteria stated on page 2 of this report.

abede The successive entries in the "profile" refer respectively to evaluations of the
ionizing radiation, the Ha flare, the V10 cm. flux, the type of eyent in the
dynamic spectrum, and the V200 MHz flux. See page 1 of this report.

w When no flare or subflare was reported the time of the SID or the radio frequency
event is shown in parentheses,

* Ha flare patrol was not in progress.

Table I above provides summarized information about the principal "major" flares for the years
1955-1969, Flare observations and evaluations have not been uniform throughout this time interval
and Table I unavoidably reflects certain of these inhomogeneities. For example, the number of en-
tries per year in Table I has been influenced in part by the increased coverage in recent years in
the dynamic spectrum, For solar cycle 19, many of the indices are only lower limits since there
were numerous cases of incomplete observational data in these earlier years.

It should be noted that Ha flares of importance 2 without either ionizing or radio frequency
emission great enough to qualify them for inclusion in this study are omitted from Table 1, Some
of these omitted flares represent important solar events with relatively high values of the Compre-
hensive Index. When desired, their indices generally can be derived on the basis of information
given in the Quarterly Bulletin on Solar Activity of the IAU and the Solar-Geophysical Data Bulletin
of NOAA (formerly ESSA). On the other hand, the inclusion in the survey of all flares with Type IL
bursts has led to the listing in Table I of a relatively large number of events with no other out-
standing characteristic. For many of these flares the value of the Comprehensive Index is small

Comparison of Ho Importance and Comprehensive Flare Indices for "Major" Flares

Relationships between Ha importance and Comprehensive Indices for the "major" flares included
in this survey are shown in Table II. Thirty-nine percent of the "major" flares listed in Table I
were of Ho importance 2 and 3 and 31 percent were of importance 1. Sixteen percent of the events
that qualified as "major" flares in this study were associated with subflares. For the remaining

21


REPORT UAG -14

WORLD DATA CENTER A

Upper Atmosphere Geophysics

AN EXPERIMENTAL,
COMPREHENSIVE FLARE INDEX
AND ITS DERIVATION
FOR "MAJOR' FLARES, 1955-1969

July 1971



Date

1958
July
July
July
July
Aug
Aug,
Aug,
Aug,
Aug,
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Nov
Noy
Nov
Nov
Noy
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
1959
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Time (UT)
of Flare
or Eventtt
(continued)
29 0259-0408
29 0458-0526
30
31
2
4 0409:
4 2112
7 1457
14 2137
16 0433.
19 2118:
20 0042.
22 1428.
26 0005:
2 2102.
7 1639.
14 0822.
18 0728.
22 0738:
28
2
8
10
21 2318-0127
23 1655-1803
24
24
14
24
27
27
30
9
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
15
17
17
18
19
23 0545-0730
31 1656-1741
3 1600-1702
7 0215-0404
14 2140-2152
21
22
26 0842-1000
26 1027-1315
1 0352-0458
2 225
2
3
7
7 2318-2324
8 1343-1350
9 0058-0246

Position

S14 W44
$14 W38
S13 W64
$13 W72
$14 w90
N30 W31
S07 W10
$16 E71
$14 W36
$14 W50
N18 E26
N16 E18
N18 W10
N20 W54
$08 E84
$32 E18
$10 W30
$11 W53
S19 W42
N32 W66
S06 W38
N12 E25
S04 W32
$32 E50
S05-W57
$19 E51
S11 wos
N18 W12
N19 W19
N13 E22
N1O w90
NO1 E20
S03 E18
$02 E00
$02 E10
S07 W88
$02 E00
$02 wO2
$02 E02
$03 WO8
S04 W49
S04 W82
NO7 W35

S15 E66
$18 W54

$12 W90
$10 W10
N21 Ell
N10 E48
NO8 WO8
N16 W61
N16 W61
N12 E82
N22 W30
NO9 E60
N12 E08
N14 W60
N17 W58
N10 E90
N1O E90

Ho. Imp,

WRHHNHW
+

cand

a

YI OPEN ERNE LENGE

y

TRH ORMOND OEENPOHE YUN
+ + ¥

wrt
eR

+

RE OENLELLO RANE

McMath
Plage

4659
4659
4659
4659
4659
4667
4670
4686
4686
4686
4708
4708
4708
4708
4741
4739
4741
4750
4765
4777
4781
4806
4826
4838

4826
4877
4883
4884
4884
4898
4898
4913
4913
4913
4913
4905
4913
4913
4913
4913
4913
4913
4919

4934
4934

4934
4947
4962
4976
4973
4969
4969
4997
4983
4997
4992
4992
4992
5009
5009

Profile
abcde

33332
01202
32200
31201
30312
33210
01122
33200
21112
33334
22231
23312
33333
33333
12-13
32200
323-2
032-1
222-1
10112
01223
00012
302-0
32333
11123
00010
32232
330--
33232
11122
01-12
0001-
21113
12223
01233
20233
00030
00030
22333
10132
22233
22332
00031
012-2
11212
00011
00011
32302
23232

31210
22033
00300
23212
21222
232-0
033-1
33--3
130-0
33222
12-10
01012
00012
21212
32233

Index


Date

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Time (UT)
of Flare

or Event tt

1958 (continued)

Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr

Apr

May
May

May

May

June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
July
July

July

July
July
July
July
July

9

7
12
19
20
25

0905-1007
(041)
(0009)
(1134)

1005-1411

0500-0632

1540-1740

0030-0042
(1510)

0024-0233

1454-1541

0947-1445

1607-1643
(2320)

0036-0040

1534-1710

or

1930-2005
1932-2015

- or
2032-2115
(1826)
2147-2356
0835-0956

{oe

1905-2030

(0251)
0000-0128

Position

$12 W14
$13 W64
S14 W64
$18 W61
S11 W45

$16 E60
$12 E46
N34 W32
N11 E12
NO8 E02
$21 W85
$14 E78
S15 E57
N21 W50
$16 E23
$24 E26
$15 E09
N20 W85
$24 E21
N35 E78
N26 W70
N20 w90
$24 E08
N35 E74
$16 W20
$17 W22
S08 W23
$15 E23
S15 W27
N14 E32
$17 W44

$17 E27

N10 W50
$18 E15
$18 W29
N24 W50

$15 w39
N14 W58
N15 W65
$18 E69
N16 W78
N14 E38
N14 W21
N10 E49
N10 E37
N30 E37
N29 E26
$23 E32

$23 E32
N25 WO8
N20 W78
N23 E13

N10 E85

Ho Imp.

NIPNRweI
Y

y

RYUNNVNET EWN
eS

PROP ENN Noe

Heo OK
+ +

B
=

eR Eee yes

3t
ot

ot

McMath
Plage

4400
4400
4400
4426

4436

4445
4445
4h
4449

4449
4445
4476
4476
4465
4476
4478
4476
4465
4478
4484
4469
4465
4478
4484
4476
4476
4476
4483
4483
4493
4483

4530

4519
4530
4530
4529

4530
4578
4578
4598
4578
4607
4607
4623
4623
4630
4630
4636

4638
4634
4634
4651

4665

Profile

abcde

12133
32222
31212
22310
302-0
232-2
00030
00010
102-2
33334
03000
32100
31210
30100
32210
32201
33332
21212
00-12
01022
32200
322-0
32200
22212
22200
32222
21110
30012
32300
22203
322-2
22202
32202
21224
01132
232-0
11213
30121

11110

13200
333-0

21200

00012
22233
222-2
32201
22032
11110
232-2
22210
21200
01200
11200

30000

33333
11010
32223
10213
22222

Index

a vN Be
AUEWOUMOES

w

Mi

Nv

Bb
NOUV RSM SOCMAUEACYNNUULORMOORUOY

Nv

Bb

N

~

Vv


Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Report UAG-13, “Data on the Solar Proton Event of November 2, 1969
through the Geomagnetic Storm of November 8-10, 1969," compiled by Dale B. Bucknam and J. Virginia
Lincoln, World Date Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, NOAA, May 1971, single copy price

50 cents. [Catalog No. C52.16/2:13]

Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Report UAG-14, "An Experimental Comprehensive Flare Index and its
Derivation or 'Major' Flares 1955-1969," by Helen W. Dodson and B. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Holbert
Observatory, University of Michigan, July 1971, single copy price 30 cents.


Date

1956
Dec
Dec
1957
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Jan
Feb
Feb
Feb
Feb
Mar
Mar
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
Apr
May
May
May
May
May
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
July

July

July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July

July

Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Time (UT)
of Flare
or Eventtt
(continued)
26 = 1401-1508
29 0040-0255
5 0116-0200
6 1038-1404
6 1822
7 1830-1840
20. 1100-1417
24 1225-1354
24 1638-1653
24 (2328) *
28 (2348)
31 0358-0550
8 1550-1615
12 1542-1620
21 1605-2205
28 0005-0420
1 (0036)
26 (0412)
2 0255-0444
2 1959-2120
3 0825-1026
5 (0004) *
8 0342-0359
9 0510-0522
11
12
15
16
7
7
17 2000-2300
18 1310-1353
9 2325-2338
14 0222-0230
14 1840-1850
19 (0008)
21 1900-1935
1 2329-2356
4
4
5
6
19
22
27
2
0712-0830
{003 1145
16 0731-0816
16 © 1742-2008
7
20
21
21
21
21
21 2215-2302
22 0953-4150
2 (ere
1801-2025
1
2
3 a
5 1900-1954.

Position

$17 Wil
N16 E59

N17 W31
$21 E40
N16 W53
N20 W65
$30 W18
N16 W31
$27 W80

N24 E05
$28 E38
N19 E80
N20 W33
N18 W35

S16 W46
N25 w90
$14 W60
$22 E50
N13 W70
$23 E05
$25 W73
N25 E90
N30 E85
N29 E76
$18 E73
N20 E69
S16 E64
$22 w90
$20 E87
NO9 W50
$12 E63
$25 w44
$17 W22
$17 W27
S18 W44
$14 W27
N20 E45
N23 E12
N20 W62
N14 W40
N1O W42
N31 E80
$33 W28
N1l £30
N29 E18
N30 ELS
N29 E12
N11 E62
N22 W12
N20 W15
N15 E51

$24 W27

$35 E04
N26 E32
N26 E17
N26 E08

Ho Imp.

+

McMath
Plage

3800
3808

3808
3813
3808
3808
3820
3823
3820

3830
3844
3856
3856
3863

3907
3908
3907
3923
3918
3923
3916
3941
3941
3941
3944
3941
3944
3969
3980
3974
3990
3993
3996
3996
3996
3997
4024
4024
4024
4039
4039
4065
4061
4065
4065
4065
4065
4075
4065
4065
4075

4070

4082
4083
4083
4083

Profile
abcde

322-0
313-0

222-2
030-1
30232
32020
132-0
232-2
223-0
0-010
00010
13210
22211
00010
03111
13212
00210
00010
322-2
31202
230-1
0-010
11212
00010
32200
32210
32213
333-2
330-0
20111
33332
22222
10110
312-0
11210
00013
21010
321-2
32200
322-2
32212
012-2
32312
22200
11202
20202

332-3

310-0
31212
21212
31200
322-2
222-2
11030
01211
00132
030-2

33332

01130
21121
21121
11112

Index

Vv

vv

y v
URUUHASAMOH

Vv

Vv

anu


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho Imp. McMath Profile Index
of Flare Plage abcde
or Event tt

1968 (continued)

Apr 15 1320-1345 $24 E37 Sn 9326 00010 1
Apr 19 {Heit a738 N20 W62 sn 9313 00032 5
Apr 22 (1436) - - - 00030 3
Apr 22 (1752) - - - 3003- 26
Apr 26 (1529) - - - 00010 1
May 3 2123-2150 N18 E49 1b 9372 31212 9
May 8 1415-1419 N23 E58 Sf 9382 00212 5
May 10 1937-1949 N19 W76 sb 9364 1011- 23
May 13 $33 290 sn 9399 0003~ 23
May 19 $30 E32 Sb 9399 00032 5
May 21 N19 E90 Sn 9410 1011- 23
May 29 N28 E09 Sn 9413 00030 3
May 30 $12 E29 in 9418 01010 2
June 1 NO8 E04 Sb 9419 10213 7
June 3 $30 W15 in 9420 11130 6
June 9 N14 £38 2n 9443 02220 6
Sune 9 $14 woo 3b 9429 33233 4
June 11 815 E34 1b 9449 11213 8
June 17 N26 E41 in 9459 01020 3
June 25 N13 W62 Sb 9462 00010 1
Sune 26 2250-2350 $38 E65 2n 9485 02020 4
July 3 (0036) - - - 00010 1
July 5 2029-2043 N12 £86 In 9503 01010 2
uly 6 9943-1033 N13 E89 in 9503 212-4 29
suly 7 (320) - - - 00010 1
July 8 1708-1815 N13 E58 3b 9503 33335 17
July 9 1809-1915 N13 E40 2 9503 32200 7
July 29 1143-1205 NO8 E21 In 9545 31000 4
Aug 3 0313-0442 N10 E75 2n 9567 22212 9
Aug 7 (0241) - - - 00010 1
Aug 11 2159-2212 N18 E21 sn 9582 00012 3
Aug 13 S19 E65 in 9593 11113 7
Aug 14 { N13 w80 2 9567 31210 7
Aug 18 1330-1415 $816 WO in 9593 11020 4
Aug 20 1115-1138 816 W35 Sn 9593 30000 3
Aug 21 S16 W43 in 9593 21212 8
Aug 23 N12 w49 sb 9598 00010 1
Aug 24 S17 E06 Sb 9610 30000 3
Aug 19 N12 E68 Sn 9630 10110 3
Sept 1 N16 W90 Sn 9611 10030 4
Sept 4 N13 W14 ln 9630 11232 9
Sept 8 $28 W11 lf 9641 01-10 =2
Sept 9 $17 E77 in 9658 1101- 23
Sept 26 N14 E34 2b 9687 22212 9
Sept 28 $18 E39 2b 9692 222-2 28
Sept 29 N13 W13 2b 9687 222-3 29
Sept 29 N17 W51 2b 9678 22233 12
oct 2 N19 E68 in 9705 2113- 27
Oct 3 S17 W36 2b 9692 22122 9
Oct 4 N19 E40 2b 9705 12132 9
oct 6 N14 Wo9 in 9700 113- 26
oct 12 NO9 W90 Sn 9701 30000 3
oct 13 0650-0755 Nod w90 Sf 9701 30101 5
Oct 20 0649-0720 N17 B42 In 9735 311-0 25
Oct 21 0604-0655 N18 E29 2b 9735 32200 7
Oct 23 $13 E59 2b 9740 22232 il
Oct 24 2051-2200 $18 E52 lb 9740 1123- 27
Oct 27 a 308 $17 E17 2 9740 32232 12
Oct 28 1629-1648 N15 W77 Sb 9735 1012- 24
Oct 29 1222-1300 $16 W12 2b 9740 32234 14

18


NO.
140-

120-
100 -

1116 "MAJOR" FLARES
80-

158 WITH INDEX >10
40-
20-

o-F 5 ne

COMPREHENSIVE INDEX

Fig. 2. Distribution of Comprehensive Indices for “majox" flares, 1955-1969

The flare profile and Comprehensive Flare Index also permit recognition of the smal] number of
minor Ha flares with strong ionizing and radio frequency emission.

Statistical Studies

On the basis of the Comprehensive Flare Index some of the old and vexing problems can be re-
examined. For example, preliminary investigations suggest that "major" flares as here defined, do

not as a group provide evidence for statistical association with subsequent geomagnetic disturbance
unless the Comprehensive Index is >10. (See Figure 3.)

NUMBER OF
INDEX CASES

MEAN Kp >10 38
32 121
30 44
28

26

24

22

20

MEAN DAYS — "0" = DAY OF FLARE

Fig. 3. Comparison of mean values of daily Ikp for six days before and
six days after the occurrence of "major" flares, 1958-1959,
separated according to values of the Comprehensive Index

Additionally, the Comprehensive Index shows the abnormally great magnitude of flares associated
with energetic particle emission when compared to the total group of "major" flares as defined in
this study. Figure 4 gives the percentage distribution of Comprehensive Flare Indices for "major"
flares in Table I and the distribution for the flares associated with polar cap absorption, 1953-
1961, according to the identifications by Warwick and Haurwitz (J.G.R. 67, 1317, 1962). For PCA
flares, 70% of the comprehensive indices were 211, but for "major" flares in general, only 14% had

indices of this magnitude. These figures suggest that only under unusual circumstances is an ener-
getic particle event associated with a flare with small Comprehensive Index.

24




Date

1960
May
May

May
May
May
May
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
July
July
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug,
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Aug
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Noy

Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flares +, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Time (UT)
of Flare

or Event tt

(continued)

9
12
13
15
17
26
27

0704-1021
1342-1546
0519-0733

°
&
8
a

ny
oS
3
s

IO}
ols
S15)
GIGI

Position

$11 E52
N30 W59
N30 W67

N14 W15
N13 E69
N29 E46.
N18 W90
N26 W24
N31 W62
S14 E53
N17 W36
N18 W13
$13 .W59
N12 W23
N19 E03
N21 E06
N19 WO1
N18 WO4
N20 wos
$08 E34
N20 W19
N22 W27
N20 W50
N29 E39
NO7 W33
NO9 W31
NO6 W55
N18 E88
N20 E78
N21 £35
N22 E26
$24 W58
N22 w06
N20 E36
N16 W85
N27 wo2
NO7 E17
$18 W49
$17 W57
N18 W80
N18 E88
N17 Ww90
NO4 E66
N18 E90
S17 E90
$22 E67
$22 W64
$17 W23
$17 W36
Nil W24
$16 E83
NO9 W42
N15 W66

N22 E90
N22 E27
N13 E07
N28 E28
N28 E12
N27 wo4
N28 W18

Ho Imp.

B
ob

HONPENN
+

Pa

WH&wWREW
"

y.

Beh tore

RYB
FOF

BHR
+

TRONEPNERHOOHONEHED
$F aa

+

RYNBwWLWEHI
ea

McMath
Plage

5657
5654
5654

5669
5678
5680
5669
5680
5680
5695
5693
5694
5695
5706
5713
5713
5713
5713
5713
5719
5713
5713
5713
5724
5732
5765
5775

5794
5794
5794
5788
5794
5799
5794
5806
5814
5825
5825
5816
5837
5816
5840
5848
5858
5858
5858
5880
5880
5884
5900
5884
5884

5909
5909
5921
5925
5925
5925
5925

Profile

abcde

231-0
31232
33333
3-0-0
00031
223-3
01130
333-3
21032
11110
12210
320-0
11210
11222
12212
00012
21232
2323-
11231
22232
132-2
23133
11232
23232
21333
01110
02010
11112
00012
10012
310-0
21132
22233
22332
00030
323-3
32200
21112
31l1l-
20010
01023
21213
21110
32333
30232
01010
00112
30100
31332
31332
012-2
32232
21112
02010
00112
321-1
30000
30000
21230
332-3
13110
232-4
32334
33333
22110

Index

26
11
15

23

210

212

bOOUUAR©


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho. Imp, Meath Profile Index
of Flare Plage abede
or Eventtt
1961 (continued)
Nov 10 1434-1450 N19 W90 ut 6264 21230 8
Nov 11 1346-1357 N16 W13 8 6270 00012 3
Dec 1 ~ (1324) - ~ - 30000 3
Dec 3 1447-1514 N11 w42 1 6280 11010 3
2100-2140 $07 E90 1
Dec 23 and 6304 01030 4
2209-2225 $12 £90 1
1962
Jan 23 (1500) - - - 1-020 23
Feb 6 (2113) - - - 20030 5
Feb 23 2202-2209 N11 £28 s 6352 10030 4
Mar 1 1634-1730 $13 W57 2 6351 22232 cm
Mar 13 1444-1640 N10 E66 a 6366 32202 9
Mar 22 0233-0236 N12 E12 1 6370 01010 2
Mar 22 2220-2310 NO? E36 3 6373 03100 4
Apr 12 (1648) - - - 00032 25
Apr 12 244 N11 E19 8 6386 10232 8
Apr 18 173 NO9 05 3 6393 33132 12
Apr 20 NO9 w27 2 6393 22112 8
Apr 21 N13 Wad 8 6393 00011 2
Apr 22 NOB W48 2 6393 32132 iL
Apr 27 NO8 E49 2 6403 12233 i
May 1 N19 E61 1 6411 11132 8
May 18 $10 W55 1 6416 01112 5
May 23 ~ (0245) - - - 3-010 24
1511-1524 S11 £00 8
May 27 and 6427 00133 7
1527-1539 $05 EOL 8
May 28 $16 E78 2 6432 12312 9
June 1 808 W66 2 6426 12010 4
Aug 13 NO7 WO5 8 6514 10110 3
Aug 14 NO6 WO9 L 6514 11113, 7
Aug 19 NOL E08 8 6522 10012 4
Aug 28 - - - 00010 1
Sept 7 S14 E25 2 6548 12231 9
Oct 19 NO8 E80 1 6591. 01030 4
get 23 NO3 W70 2 6581 02131 7
Nov 30 - - - 00110 2
1963
Feb 15 2020-2035 NO8 E72 s 6701 00010 1
Mar 3 (2350) - - - 00010 1
Apr 15 1613-1713 $10 wo9 2 6766 32000 5
Apr 16 1640-1710 S15 W22 8 6766 0013- 23
Apr 24  ~ (2005) - - - 00030 3
Apr 26 (0352) - - - 10112 5
May 1 0525-0835 N15 E46 2 6790 22313 ua
May 20 NOS W19 s 6805 00030 3
May 23 NOS Wo5 1 6814 2113- 27
1
May 23 NO4 W70 6814 0113- 25
8
May 24 N10 W70 8 6805 10112 5
May 25 0129-0135 NO8 W78 1 6805, 01021 4
May 25 1622-1638 NOS w85 1 6805 21132 9
June 7 2337-0102 $12 E14 1 6827 01121 5
0220-0247 N10 W32 1
June 14 and 6832 11120 5
(0247-0330 NO9 W35 1
June 26 0252-0346 NO7 W68 1 6847 11110 4
July 9 (0222) - - - 00010 1
Aug 9 2234-2340 NO7 W80 1 6908 11231 8
1827-1900 N19 W90
Aug 11 and 2 6909 1-130 25
1935-2005 N14 W90

13


WORLD DATA CENTER A

Upper Atmosphere Geophysics

REPORT UAG-14

AN EXPERIMENTAL, COMPREHENSIVE
FLARE INDEX AND ITS DERIVATION
FOR "MAJOR' FLARES, 1955-1969

compiled by
Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman
McMath-Hulbert Observatory
The University of Michigan

Prepared by Research Laboratories, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado s
and published by

G
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION \

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE
Asheville, North Carolina, USA 28801

July 1971

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $9.00 a year; $2.50 additional for foreign mailing; single copy
price varies.* Checks and money orders should be made payable to the Superintendent of
Documents. Remittance and correspondence regarding subscriptions should be sent to the
Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

* Price this issue .30


14 percent, no Ha event was reported through either lack of solar patrol or no detection of an Ha
flare. These data confirm the well known fact that significant radio frequency and ionizing radia~
tions sometimes occur concomitantly with apparently minor Ha flares. The flare profiles and Compre-
hensive Flare Indices identify such flares.

0, "

It is only for flares of importance 3 that the present survey of "major" flares provides com-
plete data on the distribution of Comprehensive Indices within an Ho importance category. For

flares of importance 3, 1955-1969, 47 percent had comprehensive indices 210. For almost a quarter

of the flares of importance 3, however, the Comprehensive Index was no greater than 6, and indicated
that for these large flares the known associated ionizing and radio frequency emission was relatively
weak. Comparison of the data in Table II with general figures relating to flares of importance 2,
shows that fewer than 20% of all flares of importance 2 qualified as "major" flares for the survey
and that for not even half of these highly selected flares was the Comprehensive Index 210, It is
clear that a relatively large number of Ha flares of importance 2 and 3 occur without unusually
strong ionizing and radio frequency emission.

Table IL

Ho Importance of Flares in Survey of "Major" Flares 1955-1969

Value of Comprehensive Index
Ho,

Importance 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15 eis Total

Number of Flares
3 5 33 48 40 30 8 164
2 7 39 117 87 19 O 269
1 42 141 137 23 0 0O 343
8 83 78 19 3 0 0O 183
? 96 44 16 1 0 oO 157
Total 233 335 337 154 49 8 1116

Percent of Flares
3 2 lo 14 26 61 100 15
2 3 12 35 56 39 0 24
1 18 42 40 15 te) O 31
Ss 36 23 6 2 0 0 16
? 41 13 5 1 0 i) 14
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

For flares of lesser Ho importance (importance 1 and subflares) the suryey indicates that while
certain of these flares were accompanied by strong ionizing and radio frequency emission, such eyents
represent an exceedingly small proportion of the totality of flares of importance 1 and subflares.

Of the many thousands of flares of importance 1 from 1955 to 1969, only 343 qualified as "major"
flares according to the criteria in this survey, and of these highly selected flares only 7 percent
had comprehensive indices.210. For the same 15 years, the survey identified only 22 subflares for
which the comprehensive index was as great as 7, (See Table TI)

Possible Applications and Usefulness of the Comprehensive Flare Index

A. Flare Profiles

A comprehensive flare index of the type here described should prove useful in efforts to dis~
tinguish between different types of flares. According to the data in Table I, some flares are great
in all aspects. Other flares have disproportionately strong radio frequency emission. A third type
is outstanding primarily in the optical range. Examples of the profiles of these three types of
flare are shown in Figure 1.

22


WORLD DATA CENTER A

National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C. U.S.A., 20418

World Data Center A consists of the Coordination Office

and nine subcenters:

World Data Center A
Coordination Office

National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D. C., U.S.A. 20418
Telephone (202) 961-1478

Solar and Interplanetary Phenomena, Meteorology (and Nuclear Radiation):
Tonospheric Phenomena, Flare-Associated World Data Center A:
Events, Aurora, Cosmic Rays, Airglow: Meteorology
World Data Center A: National Climatic Center
Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Federal Building
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Asheville, North Carolina, U.S.A. 28601
Administration Telephone (704) 254-0961

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 60302
Telephone (303) 447-1000 Ext. 3361

Oceanography:
World Data Center A:
Geomagnetism, Seismology and Gravity: Oceanography
World Data Center A: National Oceanic and
Geomagnetism, Seismology and Gravity Atmospheric Administration
Environmental Data Service, NOAA Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A. 20852
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80302 Telephone (202) 698-3753

Telephone (303) 447-1000
Rockets and Satellites:

Glaciology: World Data Center A:
World Data Center A: Rockets and Satellites
Glaciology Goddard Space Flight Center
U. 8. Geological Survey Code 601
1305 Tacoma Avenue South : Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A. 20771
Tacoma, Washington, U.S.A. 98402 Telephone (301) 982-6695
Telephone (206) 383-2861 ext. 318
‘Tsunami:
Longitude and Latitude: World Data Center A:
World Data Center A: : Tsunami
Longitude and Letitude National Oceanic and Atmospheric
U. 8. Naval Observatory Administration
Washington, D. C., U.S.A. 20390 P. 0. Box 3687
Telephone (202) 698-8422 Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. 96812

Telephone (808) 546-5698

Upper Mantle Project:
World Data Center A:
Upper Mantle Project
Iamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Palisades, New York, U.S.A. 10964
Telephoné (914) 359-2900 Ext. 209

Notes:

(1) World Data Centers conduct international exchange of geophysical observations in accordance
with the principles set forth by the International Council of Scientific Unions. WDC-A is established
in the United States under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences.

(2) Communications regarding data interchange matters in general and World Data Center A as a
whole should be addressed to: World Data Center A, Coordination Office (see address above).

(3) Inquiries and communications concerning data in specific disciplines should be addressed to
the appropriate subcenter listed above.


PERCENT ---- "MAJOR" FLARES (TABLE |, 1955-1969) 1116 CASES

20 - —— PCA FLARES (1953-1961) 5! CASES

Oo - T T T 1
° 5 10 15 20
COMPREHENSIVE INDEX

Fig. 4. Comparison of percentage distributions of Comprehensive
Flare Indices for "major" and PCA flares,

Tt is hoped that experience with this experimental Comprehensive Flare Index can provide a basis
for determining the possible usefulness of some type of composite flare eyaluation and give needed
guidance to the form such an index should take.

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge with gratitude support from grant NASA NGL~23-005-275 and the Nayy
contract NO0014-67-A-0181-0001 during the years in which the work for this study was carried out.

25


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho. Imp. McMath Profile Index
of Flare Plage abede
or Event tt

1959 (continued)

Feb 9 0943-1019 NO9 E88 at 5009 322-2 =9
Feb 9 1641-1720 NO6 E80 1 5009 21132 9
Feb 12 2301-2515 N13 E48 3 5009 23-32 210
Feb 18 (0508)* - - - 2-212 27
Feb 18 (2241) * - - - 2-010 23
Feb 19 2032-2244 N11 W10 3 5016 13200 6
Feb 20 1735-1905 N23 E06 1 5018 1121- 25
Mar 7 1723-1750 NO1 E90 2 5048 32100 6
Mar 9 = 1715-1757 N14 W67 2 5035 22110 6
Mar 10 0614-0644 N12 E66 s 5048 30000 3
Mar 13 (0441) - - - 00011. 2
Mar 21 0158-0259 N12 W37 2 5052 322-0 27
Mar 21 0903-1043 N15 W42 2 5052 322-1 28
Mar 21 1309-1344 N28 W46 at 5054 11200 4
Mar 22 1338 N29 W50 at 5054 31200 6
Mar 24 0958. N29 W77 3 5054 333-0 29
Mar 28 2113: N24 W33 3 5061 13200 6
Mar 29 0747, N17 £37 2 5071 322-0 27
Apr 52316 N16 W67 3t 5071 33-02 28
Apr 8 0905: N27 E85 3 5093 233-5 213
Apr 9 1645: N25 E70 2 5093 12222 9
Apr 11 2145. S16 E35 a+ 5089 1112 5
Apr 13 0830. N27 E19 3 5093 232-0 27
Apr 14 182m NOS W14 2 5090 22100 5
Apr 22 1130-1300 N17 W18 s 5098 302-2 27
May 2 2355-2514 N15 W48 1 5120 11013 6
May 8 2252-2346 N21 E83 2 5148 22323 12
May 9 0123-0212 N20 E78 3 5148 030-3 26
May 10 2102-2610 N18 E47 3+ 5148 33233 14
May 11 2006-2150 N10 E41 3 5148 33233 14
May 13 0509-0553 N22 £26 2+ 5148 22033 10
1416-1438 N11 E14 s 5148
May 13 or 01010 2
1416-1435 $08 E84 1 5156
May 13 2339-2418 S07 E87 1+ 5156 11210 5
May 17 0104-0204 N20 W26 s 5148 30200 5
May 17 0700-0722 N21 W30 1 5148 213-2 28
May 18 (0407) * - - - 2-212 7
May 19 N21 W57 2 5148 12214 10
May 23 N14 E43 1 5165 01010 2
June 5 $14 E12 s 5179 00012 3
June 9 — 1707-1900 N17 E90 2 5204 32331 12
June 10 (0247) - - - 00014 5
June 16 0618-0810 N16 E15 3 5204 23--0 25
June 18 1130-1310 N16 W12 3t 5204 23300 8
June 22 (0503) - - - 00010 1
July 5 NO9 w23 s 5244 10012 4
July 7 N19 E90 s 5265 00-12 23
July 9 N19 E60 2 5265 12233 ul
July 10 N20 E60 3t 5265 33312 12
July 13 N15 E18 3 5265 23200 7
July 14 N17 E04 3 5265 33334 16
July 14 $25 E37 3 5273 23120 8
July 16 N14 W27 3 5265 23212 10
July 16 N16 W31 3t 5265 33333 15
July 17 N16 W40 at 5265 01010 2
July 27 N14 E50 2 5294 22322 1
July 27 2050-2250 N27 E26 3 5291 13122 9
July 29 1202-1408 N11 E26 2 5294 22201 7
July 29 2117-2243 N15 E22 2+ 5294 22222 10
Aug 1 1746-1754 NLS W37 s 5298 00120 3
Aug 11 1203-1232 N20 w24 2 5315 02212 7
Aug 14 0040-0326 N11 E26 3 5323 33-02 28
Aug 17 0328-0348 N14 W15 1 5323 21213 9
Aug 17 1218-1248 N15 W20 a+ 5323 212-2 27


Comprehensive Flare Index "Major" Flarest, 1955-1969 (Continued)

Date Time (UT) Position Ho Imp. McMath Profile Index

of Flare Plage abede

or Event tt
1960 (continued)
Nov 14 0246-0520 N27 w20 ot 5925 32332 13
Nov 15 0207-0427 N25 W35 3 5925 33433 16

1543-1649 2
Nov 19 } and N28 W90 5925 12010 4

1657-1735 1

1

Nov 20 N28 w90 5925 32232 12

2126-2258 2
Nov 27 523) - - - 10010 2
Dec 5 1825-2350 N26 E74 3t 5959 33233 14
Dec 8 1555-1736 $09 W49 8 5953 00010 1
Dec 16 1517-1630 N17 W35 2 5961 12010 4
1961
Jan 3 0224-0240 S15 E36 1 5990 01010 2
Jan 30 1418-1440 N11 E06 1 6013 11223 9
Jan 30 1958-2014 N11 E03 8 6013 10112 5
Jan 31 1500-1535 N10 W10 1 6013 11222 8
Feb 21 2259-2342 $13 E78 1 6042 01030 4
Mar 14  ~ (2145) - ~ - 10030 4
Mar 18 1604-1715 N20 w13 s 6057 00010 1
Mar 18 1738-1812 NOS B07 8 6059 20112 6
Mar 21 - - - 00030 3
Mar 26 $15 E74 3 6069 332-2 210
Apr 4 N13 E18 1 6077 11132 8
Apr 26 S11 E53 3 6098 3310- 27
May Soae ash $10 W56 3 6098 13130 8
May 7 (452) - - - 0010 1
June 9 { 2129-2150 $03 W52 s 6134 00031 4
June 11 NO2 w49 at 6135 22232 lu
June 13 NO2 E28 1 6140 01122 6
June 14 NO2 E08 1 6140 11122 7

NOS wO7
June 15 No? 406 2 6140 12233 u
June 29 NO6 W21 8 6155 00010 1
July 11 $07 B32 3 6171 33332 4
July 12 $07 E23 3 6171 33334 16
Jaly 15 N13 E15 3 6172 33122 iL
July 15 $07 W20 2 6171 32232 2
July 18 $07 W59 3+ 6171 333-3 212
July 20 $06 w90 3 6171 33333 15
July 22 - - - 00032 5
July 23 $06 W49 1 6174 10032 6
N12 E15

July 24 { Mts ate ot 6178 22132 10
July 28 N12 W38 2 6178 22232 un
July 30 - - - 00030 3
Aug 10 2307-2353 NO8 E71 1 6199 01112 5
Aug 11 12 NO9 E69 s 6199 00012 3
Aug 12 640 N17 W49 1 6197 01112 5
Aug 17 226 NOB W23 1 6199 01030 4
Aug 18 203 NO8 W37 2 6199 12130 9
Sept 3 125 N10 EOL 1 6212 11210 5
Sept 8 650 $10 E89 1 6223 21132 9
Sept 10 cose wee wo 1 6212 31230 9
Sept 15 139 $15 W1L ra 6223 21210 6
Sept 16 158 N18 E77 2 6227 222-3 29
Sept 27 644 N14 E63 8 6237 10032 6
Sept 27 015 N13 E72 1 6237 1113 7
Sept 28 530 N13 E29 3 6235 23232 2
Oct 9 417 NOS WOS s 6249 00020 2
Noy 5 410 NO9 W24 1 6264 31000 4

12