6A

- i 

### APPENDIX 6A. LIGHTING CONTROLS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6A.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 6A-1

6A.2 GENERA L SERVICE FLUORESCENT LAMPS ....................................................... 6A-1

6A.3 INCA NDESCENT REFLECTOR LAMPS .................................................................. 6A-6

6A.4 RESU LTS OF THE ENERGY USE CHARACTERIZATION FOR LIGHTING

CON TROLS ......................................................................................................... 6A-10

6A.4.1 Gene ral Service Fluorescent Lamps ......................................................... 6A-10

6A.4.2 In candescent Reflector Lamps .................................................................. 6A-11

LIS T OF TABL ES

Table 6A.2.1 Dimming Analysis for a Two-Lamp 4-foot MBP System in the Commercial

and Industrial Sectors .......................................................................................................... 6A-4

Table 6A .2.2 Dimming Analysis for a Four-Lamp 4-foot MBP System in the Commercial

and Industrial Sectors .......................................................................................................... 6A-4

Table 6A .2.3 Dimming Analysis for a Two-Lamp 4-foot T5 MiniBP SO System in the

Commercial and Industrial Sectors ..................................................................................... 6A-5

Table 6A .2.4 Dimming Analysis for a Two-Lamp 4-foot T5 MiniBP HO System in the

Commercial and Industrial Sectors ..................................................................................... 6A-5

Table 6A .3.1 Adjustments to LCC Inputs Based on Dimmer Usage ....................................... 6A-7

Table 6A .3.2 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp in the Commercial or Residential Sectors, All Dimmers Scenario ............ 6A-8

Table 6A .3.3 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the Commercial or Residential Sectors, All Dimmers Scenario ......................................... 6A-8

Table 6A .3.4 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp in the Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized ............................................................................................................... 6A-8

Table 6A .3.5 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp in the Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equ alized ............................................................................................................... 6A-8

Table 6A .3.6 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized ....... 6A-9

Table 6A .3.7 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized ......... 6A-9

Table 6A .3.8 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp in the Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With

Percent Lumens Reduction ................................................................................................. 6A-9

Table 6A .3.9 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp in the Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With

Percent Lumens Reduction ................................................................................................. 6A-96A

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### Table 6A.3.10 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Percent Lumens

Reduction ............................................................................................................................ 6A-9

Table 6A .3.11 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Percent Lumens

Reduction .......................................................................................................................... 6A-10

Table 6A .4.1 Annual Energy Consumption for the Dimmed 4-Foot Medium Bipin T8

GSF L 2-Lamp Programmed Start System, Commercial and Industrial Sectors .............. 6A-10

Table 6A .4.2 Annual Energy Consumption for the Dimmed 4-Foot Medium Bipin T8

GSFL 4-Lamp System Programmed Start, Commercial and Industrial Sectors .............. 6A-11

Table 6A .4.3 Annual Energy Consumption for the Dimmed 4-Foot T5 Miniature Bipin

Standa rd Output GSFL 2-Lamp System, Commercial and Industrial Sectors ................. 6A-11

Table 6A .4.4 Annual Energy Consumption for the Dimmed 4-Foot T5 Miniature Bipin High Output GS FL 2-Lamp System, Commercial and Industrial Sectors........................ 6A-11 Table 6A.4.5 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1,500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Commercial or Residential Sectors, All Dimmers Scenario .... 6A-12

Table 6A .4.6 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3,000 hour Improved HIR Baseline Lamp, Commercial or Residential Sectors, All Dimmers Scenario................... 6A-12

Table 6A .4.7 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1,500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized ............................................................................................................. 6A-12

Table 6A .4.8 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1,500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized ............................................................................................................. 6A-13

Table 6A .4.9 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3,000 hour Improved HIR Baseline Lamp, Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equali zed........................................................................................................................... 6A-13

Table 6A .4.10 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3,000 hour Improved HIR Baseline Lamp, Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equ alized ............................................................................................................. 6A-13

Table 6A .4.11 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1,500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With

Percent Lumens Reduction ............................................................................................... 6A-14

Table 6A .4.12 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1,500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With

Percent Lumens Reduction ............................................................................................... 6A-14

Table 6A .4.13 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3,000 hour Improved HIR Baseline Lamp, Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With

Pe rcent Lumens Reduction ............................................................................................... 6A-14

Table 6A .4.14 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3,000 hour Improved HIR Baseline Lamp, Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With

Pe rcent Lumens Reduction ............................................................................................... 6A-156A

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### APPENDIX 6A. LIGHTING CONTROLS

6A.1 INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) evaluated the effects of lighting controls on the

e nergy consumption of general service fluorescent lamps (GSFLs) and incandescent reflector lamps (IRLs). Most lighting controls have one of two impacts: reducing operating wattage or reducing operating hours. DOE refers to these two groups of controls as dimmers/light sensors and occupancy sensors, respectively. The operating hours reported in the 2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization (LMC), which are used to determine the national average operating hours for the energy use characterization of this preliminary analysis (see chapter 6 of this

pre liminary technical support document [TSD] ), already account for occupancy sensors as they are based on building surveys and metering data. Therefore, no additional analysis was conducted to determine the effects of occupancy sensors.

Dimmers reduce the power of lamps, thereby reducing their energy consumption and resulting in lower operating costs. This chapter evaluates the impact of dimmers on the annual energy consumption for GSFLs and IRLs. DOE used these annual energy consumption results to conduct sensitivities for the life-cycle cost (LCC) and payback period (PBP) analysis. See

appe ndix 8B of this TSD for the LCC savings of GSFLs and IRLs operated on dimming systems.

6A .2 GENERAL SERVICE FLUORESCENT LAMPS

DOE assessed the impacts of dimmers on GSFLs by determining the reduction in system

lume n output and system input power as a result of using dimming ballasts. Based on product

rese arch and manufacturer feedback, DOE determined that lamps in the 4-foot medium bipin (MBP), 4-foot T5 miniature bipin (MiniBP) standard output ( SO ), a nd 4 -foot T5 MiniBP high output ( HO ) product classes are most commonly paired with dimming ballasts. Additionally,

DOE de termined that fluorescent dimming is most commonly used in the commercial and industrial sectors and is not frequently employed in the residential sector. Thus, DOE decided to analyze dimming scenarios for 2-lamp 4-foot MBP systems, 4-lamp 4-foot MBP systems, 2-lamp

4 -foot T5 MiniBP SO systems, and 2-lamp 4-foot T5 MiniBP HO systems operating in the

comm ercial and industrial sectors.

DOE identified the most common dimming ballasts on the market and paired them with the representative lamps identified in the engineering analysis. DOE developed a database of

comm ercially available dimming ballasts to determine the most common characteristics o f products designed to operate 4-foot MBP, 4-foot T5 MiniBP SO, and 4-foot T5 MiniBP HO lamps. DOE f

ound that there are two types of dimming ballasts: step dimming and continuous dimming. Step dimming ballasts restrict dimming to fixed percentages of light output, while

conti nuous dimming ballasts allow for dimming across a full range of light output levels. DOE also found that, similar to fixed light output ballasts, multiple starting methods are available for dimming ballasts, including instant start and programmed start (PS). DOE concluded through

manufa cturer feedback and a review of product offerings that continuous dimming, PS ballasts were the most common dimming ballasts across all lamp types analyzed. DOE examined all6A

- 2



### ballasts of this type and selected models with the most common performance characteristics ( i.e.

, ballast factor [BF] an d ballast luminous efficiency [BLE]) in order to best represent the typical

ball asts available on the market.

DOE next considered if dimming ballasts operate both full wattage and reduced wattage lamps in practice. Based on manufacturer feedback and product literature, DOE concluded that full wattage lamps are more frequently paired with dimming ballasts. Further, some manufacturers do not advise using reduced wattage lamps with dimming ballasts and thus do not

cove r such a system under warranty. However, DOE found that the acceptance of reduced

watt age lamps in dimming applications varied by manufacturer and lamp type. DOE determined that a substantial number of dimming ballasts are compatible with reduced wattage 4-foot MBP lamps and thus concluded that reduced wattage lamps should be included in the dimming analysis for the 4-foot MBP product class. DOE found significantly fewer dimming ballasts

adv ertised as compatible with reduced wattage 4-foot T5 MiniBP HO and 4-foot T5 MiniBP SO lamps, and therefore decided not to analyze reduced wattage replacements in the dimming scenario for these lamp types.

Once DOE selected the appropriate dimming ballasts, DOE calculated the system input

power for the ballasts when paired with the representative lamps from the engineering analysis. Throug h manufacturer feedback and research, 1 

### DOE concluded that the average reduction of system lumen output for GSFLs was 33 percent. The BF of the baseline lamp-and-ballast system

was then calculated using the catalog BF at 100 percent light output and adjusting the value to

re flect that the system would be dimmed by 33 percent ( i.e.

, 67 percent of full light output). Next, the system mean lumen output was calculated using the baseline lamp’s catalog mean

lume n output, the number of lamps in the lamp-and-ballast system, and, finally, the BF

a ssociated with 67 percent of full light output. DOE assumed that each higher efficacy lamp-andball ast system would be dimmed to the mean lumen output of the baseline system. Thus, for each representative unit at a higher candidate standard level (CSL), the BF was calculated given the specific lamp’s mean lumen output, number of lamps in the system, and total mean lumen output of the system (assumed to be equal to that of the baseline system). DOE calculated the

pe rcentage each higher efficacy lamp-and-ballast system was dimmed by dividing the calculated

BF by the catalog BF at full light output.

For dimming ballasts, manufacturers’ catalogs report performance characteristics for ballasts operating lamps at both the maximum and minimum possible light outputs. To calculate system input power as a result of dimming, DOE plotted the maximum and minimum light output levels and associated system input powers for the lamp types analyzed. A linear equation

wa s fit to the points and used to derive the system input power for the calculated light output at

ea ch CSL. For 4-ft MBP lamps, separate linear equations were developed for each reduced

watt age system.

DOE also calculated the BLE for each dimming ballast using the calculated system input power, or ballast input power, and total lamp arc power. DOE calculated total lamp arc power by

mul tiplying the high-frequency reference lamp arc power, the BF, and the number of lamps; s ee chapter 5 of this TSD for more information. DOE computed the BLE at the given percentage of lig ht output using Eq. 6A.1

.6A

- 3 

### Eq. 6A. 1

Where:

β = 1.0 for high-frequency ballasts

The following tables present the system performance characteristics at the baseline and

ea ch CSL for the dimming scenario. Note the lamp lifetimes in the dimming lamp-and-ballast

sy stems are consistent with the rated lifetime of the lamp when paired with a PS ballast because fluorescent lamp lifetime is not typically affected by dimming. Additionally, unlike the

eng ineering analysis, separate scenarios for lamp replacement and lamp-and-ballast replacement are not presented for the dimming analysis because energy savings can be achieved for all higher

eff icacy lamp-and-ballast combinations; that is, lamps with more light output are dimmed by a

lar ger percentage to match the light output of the baseline system and therefore consume less

energy.6A

- 4



### Table 6A.2. 1 presents the dimming analysis results for the 2-lamp 4-foot MBP product class in the commercial and industrial

sec tors. As discussed earlier, the BF is adjusted so as to normalize the system mean lumen output across CSLs.

Tab le 6A.2.1 Dimming Analysis for a Two-Lamp 4- fo ot MBP System in the Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Candidate

Standard

Level Lamp

Diameter Nominal

Wattage Rated

Wattage Rated

Efficacy Initial

Lamp Light Output Mean

Lamp Light Output Rated

Life Starting

Method Ballast

Factor Percent

of Light Output Sy stem

Input

Power BLE System

Initial Light Output System

Mean Light Output

W W lm/W lm lm hr W lm lm

Baseline T8 32 32.5 89.2 2

, 900 2

, 725 40

, 000 PS 0.59 67% 42.1 81.3 3

, 420 3

, 213

CSL 1 T8 32 32.5 90.0 2

, 925 2

, 770 30

, 000 PS 0.58 66% 41.6 80.9 3

, 393 3

, 213

CSL 2 T8 25 26.6 93.0 2

, 475 2

, 350 40

, 000 PS 0.68 78% 36.7 90.1 3

, 384 3

, 213

CSL 2 T8 32 32.5 95.4 3

, 100 2

, 941 40

, 000 PS 0.55 62% 39.8 79.5 3

, 387 3

, 213

CSL 2 T8 28 28.4 96.0 2

, 725 2

, 560 40

, 000 PS 0.63 71% 38.1 85.6 3

, 420 3

, 213



### Table 6A.2.2 presents the dimming analysis results for the 4-lamp 4-foot MBP product class in the commercial and industrial

sec tors. As discussed earlier, the BF is adjusted so as to normalize the system mean lumen output across CSLs.

Table 6A.2.2 Dimming Analysis for a Four-Lamp 4-foot MBP System in the Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Candidate

Standard

Level Lamp

Diameter Nominal

Wattage Rated

Wattage Rated

Efficacy Initial

Lamp Light Output Mean

Lam p Light Output Rated

Life Starting

Method Ballast

Factor Percent

of Light Output System

Input

Power BLE System

Initial Light Output System

Mean Light Output

W W lm/W lm lm hr W lm lm

Baseline T8 32 32.5 89.2 2

, 900 2

, 725 40

, 000 PS 0.59 67% 81.2 84.3 6

, 839 6

, 427

CSL 1 T8 32 32.5 90.0 2

, 925 2

, 770 30

, 000 PS 0.58 66% 80.2 83.9 6

, 786 6

, 427

CSL 2 T8 25 26.6 93.0 2

, 475 2

, 350 40

, 000 PS 0.68 78% 73.7 89.8 6

, 768 6

, 427

CSL 2 T8 32 32.5 95.4 3

, 100 2

, 941 40

, 000 PS 0.55 62% 76.9 82.4 6

, 774 6

, 427

CSL 2 T8 28 28 .4 96.0 2

, 725 2

, 560 40

, 000 PS 0.63 71% 73.9 88.4 6

, 841 6

, 427



### Table 6A.2. 3 presents the dimming analysis results for the 2-lamp 4-foot T5 MiniBP SO product class in the commercial and

industrial se ctors. As discussed earlier, the BF is adjusted so as to normalize the system mean lumen output across CSLs.6A

- 5



### Table 6A.2.3 Dimming Analysis for a Two-Lamp 4-foot T5 MiniBP SO System in the Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Candidate

Standard

Level Lamp

Diameter Nominal

Wattage Rated

Wattage Rated

Efficacy Initial

Lamp Light Output Mean

Lamp Light Output Rated

Life Starting

Method Ballast

Factor Percent

of Light Output System

Input

Power BLE System

Initial Light Output System

Mean Light Output

W W lm/W lm lm hr W lm lm

Baseline T5 28 27.8 104.3 2

, 900 2

, 697 30

, 000 PS 0.67 67% 44.7 83.4 3

, 886 3

, 614

CSL 1 T5 28 27.8 109.7 3

, 050 2

, 898 30

, 000 PS 0.62 62% 42.2 82.1 3

, 804 3

, 614



### Table 6A.2. 4 presents the dimming analysis results for the 2-lamp 4-foot T5 MiniBP HO product class in the commercial and

indus trial sectors. As discussed earlier, the BF is adjusted so as to normalize the system mean lumen output across CSLs.

Table 6A.2.4 Dimming Analysis for a Two-Lamp 4-foot T5 MiniBP HO System in the Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Candidate

Standard

Level Lamp

Diameter Nominal

Wattage Rated

Wattage Rated

Efficacy Initial

Lamp Light Output Mean

Lamp Light Output Rated

Life St arting

Method Ballast

Factor Percent

of Light Output System

Input

Power BLE System

Initial Light Output System

Mean Light Output

W W lm/W lm lm hr W lm lm

Baseline T5 54 53.8 92.9 5

, 000 4

, 850 24

, 000 PS 0.67 67% 84.0 85.8 6

, 700 6

, 499

CSL 1 T5 54 53 .8 97.3 5

, 237 4

, 871 30

, 000 PS 0.67 67% 83.7 85.8 6

, 988 6

, 4996A

- 6



### 6A.3 INCANDESCENT REFLECTOR LAMPS

For IRLs, DOE evaluated two dimming scenarios. In one scenario (hereafter “A ll

Dimmers ”)

, DOE considered the performance characteristics of individual lamps when operated

on dimmers. In an other scenario (hereafter “Distribution of Dimmers ”)

, DOE considered performance characteristics that were representative of national behavior; that is, DOE used the percent of consumers that use dimmers to calculate weighted-average performance

characteristics.

Based on research, DOE determined that on average, consumers using dimmers reduce

wa ttage by 20 percent, corresponding to a lumen reduction of 25 percent. 2 3 

### Th erefore, for the All Dimmers scenario, the reduction in energy use wa s 20 percent for lamps at the baseline. For

the Distribution of Dimmers scenario, this reduction in energy use wa s coup led with the estimated distribution of dimmers. Based on data from the 2010 LMC, DOE estimated that 29

pe rcent of halogen IRLs operate on dimmers or light sensors in the residential sector and 5

perc ent of halogen IRLs operate on dimmers in the commercial sector. 4 

### This results in an average reduction in energy use of 7.25 percent and 1.25 percent across the population for the

re sidential and commercial sectors, respectively. DOE applied these reduction factors to the performance characteristics of the baseline lamps.

As discussed in chapter 3 of this TSD, dimmed lamps often have increased lifetimes

c ompared to lamps that operate at full light output. Given the reduction in power and lumen output described above, DOE calculated the increased lifetime of dimmed lamps in this analysis. To make these adjustments, DOE identified a relationship between the amount of dimming ( i.e.

, reduction in lumens) and the change in power rating and lifetime, 5 

### outlined in Table 6A.3. 1

. For example, for a 25 percent lumen reduction, the wattage was reduced by 20 percent and the

life time was multiplied by 3.94.6A

- 7



### Table 6A.3.1 Adjustments to LCC Inputs Based on Dimmer Usage

Reduction in

Lumens

% Power Rating

Wattage Reduction

% Lifetime

Multiplier *

0 0 1.00

2.5 2 1. 23

5 4 1. 46

10 10 2.04

15 15 2.48

20 18 3.21

25 20 3.94

30 24 5.55

35 28 7.45

40 32 10.95

45 36 13.87

50 40 14.60

* Calculated from source data by comparing the change in reference lamp lifetime from a 0 percent reduction to the selected reduction in lumens. DOE applied this multiplier to its lamp lifetime estimates. The maximum mu ltiplier is

14.60 at a 50 percent reduction in lumens. After this point,

all further reductions in lumens receive a constant lifetime multiplier of 14.60

.



### DOE assumed that consumers who have higher efficacy lamps with higher lumen output

would use their

dimmer to equalize lumen output with that of the baseline lamp. Once DOE

deter mined th e necessary reduction in lumen output, DOE identified the corresponding reduction in power rating and increase in lamp lifetime using Table 6A.3.1

.

Ad dit ionally, for the Distribution of Dimmers scenario, DOE also evaluated an alternative assumption that consumers who have higher efficacy lamps with dimmers do not maintain the lumen output of the ba seline lamp but instead reduce the lumen output of the higher

eff icacy lamp by the same percentage lumen reduction that occurs for lamps at the baseline.

As discusse d in chapter 5 of this TSD, DOE evaluated two baselines for IRLs, a 1,500-

h ou r improved halogen lamp and a 3,000-hour halogen-infrared (HIR) lamp. The tables below

pre sent the system performance characteristics at each baseline and CSL for each dimming

sce nario. Table 6A.3. 2 and Table 6A.3. 3 present the dimming analysis results for the All Dimmers scenario in the commercial and residential sectors for a 55 W PAR38 improved HIR lamp at CSL 1 relative to each baseline.6A

- 8



### Table 6A.3.2 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline

L amp in the Commercial or Residential Sectors, All Dimmers Scenario

Candidate Standard

Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Efficacy Initial Lamp Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 Improved Halogen 48 .0 16.7 803 5,913

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 44 .0 18.2 803 17

, 345



### Table 6A.3.3 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the

Com mercial or Residential Sectors, All Dimmers Scenario

Candidate Standard

Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Effica cy Initial Lamp Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 HIR 48 .0 17.2 825 11,826

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 44 .0 18.8 825 17,345



### Table 6A.3. 4 through Table 6A.3. 11 present the dimming analysis results for the

Distributi on of Dimmers scenario in which lumens are equalized with the baseline lamp lumens

in the commercial and residential sectors for a 55 W PAR38 improved HIR lamp at CSL 1

relative to e ach baseline.

Table 6A.3.4 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline

Lam p in the Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized

Candidate Standard

Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Efficacy Initial Lam p Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 Improved Halogen 60.0 17. 6 1,0 57 1,500

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 53.9 19. 6 1,0 57 5,412



### Table 6A.3.5 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline

Lam p in the Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized

Candidate Standard

Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Efficacy Initial Lamp Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 Improved Halogen 5 7.6 17. 2 992 2 ,190

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 49.5 20.0 992 8,9946A

- 9



### Table 6A.3.6 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the

Com mercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized

Candidate Standard Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Efficacy Initial Lamp Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 HIR 60.0 18. 1 1,0 86 3,000

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 55.0 19. 8 1,0 86 4,400



### Table 6A.3.7 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the

Resid ential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized

Candidate Standard Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Efficacy Initial Lamp Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Ba seline PAR38 HIR 57.6 17.7 1,0 20 4,380

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 5 2.8 19. 3 1,0 20 6,424



### Table 6A.3. 8 through Table 6A.3. 11 present the dimming analysis results for the Distribution of Dimmers scenario in which lumen output for higher efficacy lamps is reduced by the same pe rcentage lumen reduction that occurs at the baseline in the commercial and

residenti al sectors for a 55 W PAR38 improved HIR lamp at CSL 1 relative to each baseline.

Tab le 6A.3.8 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline

L amp in the Commercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Percent Lumens

Reduction

Candidate Standard

Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Ef ficacy Initial Lamp Light

Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 Improved Halogen 60.0 17.6 1,057 1,500

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 55.0 19.8 1,086 4,400



### Table 6A.3.9 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 1,500 Hour Improved Halogen Baseline

Lam p in the Residential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Percent Lumens

Reduction

Candidate Standard

Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Efficacy Initial Lamp Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 Improv ed Halogen 57.6 17.2 992 2,190

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 52.8 19.3 1,020 6,424



### Table 6A.3.10 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the

Co mmercial Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Percent Lumens Reduction

Candidate Standard Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Efficacy Initial Lamp Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 HIR 60.0 18.1 1,086 3,000

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 55.0 19.8 1,086 4,4006A

- 10



### Table 6A.3.11 Dimming Analysis for a 60 W PAR38 3,000 Hour HIR Baseline Lamp in the

Re sidential Sector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Percent Lumens Reduction

Candidate Standard Level Lamp Descriptor Wattage Efficacy Initia l Lamp Light Output Life

W lm/W lm hr

Baseline PAR38 HIR 57.6 17.7 1,020 4,380

CSL 1 PAR38 Improved HIR 52.8 19.3 1,020 6,424



### 6A.4 RESULTS OF THE ENERGY USE CHARACTERIZATION FOR

LIGHTING CONTROLS

DOE calculated the annual energy consumption using the power rating estimates

de termined for dimming scenarios analyzed (see section 6A.2 for GSFLs and section 6A.3 for IRLs) and the annual operating hours. The annual energy use estimates for GSFLs and IRLs in

these dim ming scenarios are presented in the sections below.

6A.4.1 General Service Fluorescent Lamps

Using annual operating hours and system input power, DOE calculated the annual energy

consum ption of the dimmed lamp-and-ballast system. The following tables detail (1) the system input powe r for all GSFLs operated on dimming systems; and (2) average annual energy

c onsumption using the U.S. weighted average of annual operating hours in each sector. The average GSFL annual operating hours for the U.S. residential, commercial, and industrial sectors

a re 648 hours, 4,058 hours, and 4,585 hours, respectively. (For further information on operating hours, se e chapter 6 of this TSD.)

Tab le 6A.4.1 Annual Energy Consumption for the Dimmed 4-Foot Medium Bipin T8

GS FL 2-Lamp Programmed Start System, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Technology Option System Input Power Annual Energy Consumption

Commercial Industrial

W kWh kWh

0. 59 BF32 Elec 42.1 170.7 192.8

0. 58 BF 32 Elec 41.6 168.7 190.6

0. 68 BF 2 5 Elec 36.7 149.0 168.3

0. 55 BF 32 Elec 39.8 161.7 182.6

0. 63 BF 28 Elec 38.1 154.7 174.86A

- 11



### Table 6A.4.2 Annual Energy Consumption for the Dimmed 4-Foot Medium Bipin T8

G SFL 4-Lamp Syste m Programmed Start, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Technology Option System Input Power Annual Energy Consumption

Commercial Industrial

W kWh kWh

0. 59BF32 Elec 81.2 329.4 372.1

0. 58 BF 32 Elec 80.2 325.5 367.8

0. 68 BF 25 Elec 73.7 299.2 338.1

0. 55 B F 32 Elec 76.9 311.9 352.4

0. 63 BF 28 Elec 73.9 299.8 338.7



### Table 6A.4.3 Annual Energy Consumption for the Dimmed 4-Foot T5 Miniature Bipin Standard Output GSFL 2-Lamp System, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Technology Option System Input Power Annual Energy Consumption

Commercial Industrial

W kWh kWh

0.67 BF28 Elec 44.7 181.3 204.8

0.62BF28 Elec 42.2 171.4 193.6



### Table 6A.4.4 Annual Energy Consumption for the Dimmed 4-Foot T5 Miniature Bipin

Hi gh Output GSFL 2-Lamp System, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Technology Option System Input Power Annual Energy Consumption

Commercial Industrial

W kWh kWh

0.67 BF54 Elec 84.0 340.9 385.1

0.67BF54 Elec 83.7 33 9.7 383.8



### 6A.4.2 Incandescent Reflector Lamps

Because an IRL does not require a ballast to operate, the rate of energy usage is simply the power of the dimmed lamp. DOE calculated the annual energy consumption based on the

U. S. weighted-average annual operating hours for IRLs in the residential and commercial

se ctors, which are 761 hours and 4,496 hours, respectively. (For further information on operating

hours , see chapter 6 of this TSD.)

Table 6A.4. 5 and Table 6A.4. 6 present annual energy consumption in the All Dimmers

sce nario in the commercial and residential sectors for a 55 W PAR38 improved HIR lamp at

CS L 1 relative to each baseline.6A

- 12



### Table 6A.4.5 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1, 500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Commercial or Residential Sectors, All Dimmers Scenario

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy Consumption

Commercial Residential

lm/W W kWh kWh

Ba seline 16.7 48 215.8 36.5

CSL 1 18.2 44 197.8 33.5



### Table 6A.4.6 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3, 000 hour Improved HIR Baseline Lamp, Commercial or Residential Sectors, All Dimmers Scenario

Tech nology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy Consumption

Commercial Residential

lm/W W kWh kWh

Baseline 17.2 48 215.8 36.5

CSL 1 18.8 44 197.8 33.5



### Tab le 6A.4. 7 through Table 6A.4. 10 present annual energy consumption in the

Distributi on of Dimmers scenario, in which lumens are equalized with the baseline lamp lumens

in the commercial and residential sectors for a 55 W PAR38 improved HIR lamp at CSL 1

relative to each baseline.

Table 6A.4.7 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1, 500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Commercial Sector, D istribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy

Consumption

lm/W W kWh

Baseline 17.6 60.0 269.7

CSL 1 19.6 53.9 242.36A

- 13



### Table 6A.4.8 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1, 500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Residen tial S ector, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With
Lumens Equalized

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy

Consumption

lm/W W kWh

Baseline 17.2 57.6 43.8

CSL 1 20.0 49.5 37.7



### Table 6A.4.9 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3, 000 hour Improved HIR

Baseline Lamp, Commercial Sector

, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lumens Equalized

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy

Consumption

lm/W W kWh

Baseline 18.1 60.0 269.7

CSL 1 19.8 55.0 247.3



### Table 6A.4.10 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3

, 000 hour Improved HIR

Baseline Lamp, Residential Sector

, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Lum ens Equalized

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy

Consumption

lm/W W kWh

Baseline 17.7 57.6 43.8

CSL 1 19.3 52.8 40.2



### Table 6A.4. 11 through Table 6A.4. 14 present annual energy consumption in the Distribution of Dimmers scenario in which lumen output for higher efficacy lamps is reduced by the same percentage lumen reduction that occurs at the baseline in the commercial and residential sectors for a 55 W PAR38 improved HIR lamp at CSL 1 relative to each baseline.6A

- 14



### Table 6A.4.11 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1

, 500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Commercial Sector, D istribution of Dimmers Scenario With

Percent Lu mens Reduction

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy

Consumption

lm/W W kWh

Baseline 17.6 60.0 269.7

CSL 1 19.8 55.0 247.3



### Table 6A.4.12 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 1

, 500 hour Improved Halogen Baseline Lamp, Residential Sector, Dis tribution of Dimmers Scenario With

Percent Lumens Reduction

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy

Consumption

lm/W W kWh

Baseline 17.2 57.6 43.8

CSL 1 19.3 52.8 40.2



### Table 6A.4.13 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3

, 000 hour Improved HIR Baseline Lamp, Commercial Sector

, Distr ibution of Dimmers Scenario With Percent

Lumens Reduction

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy

Consumption

lm/W W kWh

Baseline 18.1 60.0 269.7

CSL 1 19.8 55.0 247.36A

- 15



### Table 6A.4.14 Annual Energy Consumption for a 60 W PAR38, 3

, 000 hour Improved HIR

Basel ine Lamp, Residential Sector

, Distribution of Dimmers Scenario With Percent

Lumens Reduction

Technology Option Lamp

Efficacy Lamp Power

Rating Annual Energy

Consumption

lm/W W kWh

Baseline 17.7 57.6 43.8

CSL 1 19.3 52.8 40.26A

- 16 

### REFERENCES

1 

### Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute . Reducing Barriers to Use of High Efficiency Lighting Systems . January 2003. (Last accessed November 5, 2012)

< http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/researchAreas/reducingBarriers/pdf/year2FinalReport.pdf >

2 

### Rowbottom, I. “The Economics of Dimming.” May 26, 2010. Lutron. Available at: < http://www.lut ron.com/TechnicalDocumentLibrary/economics%20white%20paper%205-26- 10%20A.pdf

>

3 

### Lutron Energy Savings Calculator. Inputs: 1 halogen lamp at 60 W for 12 hrs a day.

Available at: < http:// www.lutron.com/Education-Training/Tools/Pages/EnergySavingCalc.aspx >

4 

### U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Energy

Conservation P rogram for Consumer Products: 2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization.

2012. Washington, D.C. < http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/2010-

lmc -final-jan -2012.pdf

>