## Date: September 30 , 2011

Subject: Summary

of RBL C and Other Findings to Support Section 112(d)(6) Technology

Review for Pulp and Paper NESHAP EPA Contract No. EP - D - 07 - 019; Work Assignment No. 4 - 09 From: Thomas Holloway

Corey Gooden To: John Bradfield

Bill Schrock U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Under section 112(d)(6) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) , the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to review, and revise as necessary (taking into account devel opments in practices, processes, and control technologies) , the national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) developed under section 112 . The NESHAP are to be reviewed every 8 ye ars following the promulgation of the standards. T he NESH AP for the Pulp and Paper Industry (40 CFR part 63, subpart S) was promulgated on April 15, 199 8 and is due for a review under section 112(d)(6) . Consequently , EPA is conducting a review of available information on developments in practices, processes, and control technologies that appl y to sources subject to subpart S . The purpose of this memorandum is to present (1) results from a search of the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBL C) for information on air pollution control technology in the pulp and paper in dustry and (2) excerpts from a December 20 1 0 d ocument by the European Commission on b est available t echniques in the p ulp and p aper i ndustry . **I. RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse**  Under EPA’s New Source Review (NSR) program, if a compan y is planning to build a new plant or modify

an existing plant such that air pollution emissions will increase by a large amount, the compan y must obtain an NSR permit. The NSR permit is a construction permit which requires the company to minimize air pollution emissions by changing the process to prevent air pollution and/or installing air pollution control equipment. The terms “RACT,” “BACT,” and “LAER” are acronyms for different program requirements under the NSR program. RACT, or Reasonabl y Available Control Technology, is requir ed on sources in areas that are not meeting national ambient air quality standards (i.e., nonattainment areas). BACT, or Best Available Control Technology , is required on major new or modified sources in attainment areas. LAER, or Lowest Achievable Emissio n Rate, is required on major new or modified sources in non - attainment areas.

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BACT and LAER (and sometimes RACT) are determined on a case - by - case basis, usually by State or local permitting agencies. EPA established the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse, or RBLC, to provide a central database of air pollution technology information (including past BACT and LAER decisions contained in NSR permits) to promote the sharing of information among permitting agencies and to aid in future case - by - case determinations. However, data in the RBLC are not limited to sources subject to RACT, BACT, and LAER requirements. Noteworthy prevention and control technology decisions and information are included even if they

are not related to past RACT, BACT, or LAER decisions. The RBLC contains over 5,000 air pollution control permit determinations that can help identify appropriate technologies to mitigate most air pollutant emission streams. It was designed to help permit applicants and reviewers make pollution prevention and control technology decisions for stationary

air pollution sources, and includes data submitted by several U.S. territories and all 50 States on over 200 different air pollutants and 1,000 industrial processes. The RBLC provides several options for searching the database to locate applicable control technologies. To identify technologies appropriate for pulp and paper production, searches of the RBL C were made using the Process Type field for the following Process Ty pe Codes: 30.200

– Kraft Pulp & Paper Process and 30.400

– Non - Kraft Pulp & Paper Process, which were the onl y codes related to the pulp and paper industry . All records from 2000 to 2010 were searched. We extracted both sets of data from the RBL C website and grouped similar subpart S process t ypes un der the emission process groups developed for the September 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI ) risk modeling file. (RTI 2011) The search identified information for 2 7 mills that use some ty pe of emissions control for HAP compounds (e.g., methanol) , t otal reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds (e.g., h ydrogen sulfide [H 2 

## S]) , volatile organic compounds (VOC ) , or other organic compounds (e.g., acetone) for their subpart S process . (Emissions of HAP are expected to be reduced b y the same control technologies that reduce emissions of TRS, VOC , and other organics .) Appendix A summarizes the results of the RBLC search for these 2 7 mills , organized by emission process group . Note: Some of these mills have results for multiple processes. B leaching VOC emissions were c ontrolled b y eliminating the use of chlorine or chlorine dioxide at 1 kraft pulp mill and using only h ydrogen peroxide, sodium hydrosulfite, and sodium borohydride at 1 mech anical pulp mill . P ulping emissions of HAP, VOC, TRS, and/or acetone at 1 2 kraft pu lp mills were controlled by routing them to an incineration device, such as a boiler, lime kiln, recovery

furnace, or thermal oxidizer. Wastewater VOC and TRS emissions at 2 mills were controlled b y biodegradation or good management practices. In each of these cases, the information obtained through the RBL C search d id not represent an y practices, processes, or control technologies not already identified and evaluated during the original standards development for subpart S . P ulping VOC emissions were controlled at 2 mechanical pulp mills by using a regenerative thermal oxidizer ( RTO ) and at 1 mill by using existing fiber scrubber s/ condensers . P apermaking VOC emissions at 1 4 mills were controlled by using good operating practices (for combustion and non - comb ustion sources) , conducting new substance review and limiting VOC

## 3

use and content ( of additives, cleaning agents , etc. ) , using clean water in the papermaking process, using best management practices for pulp washing, using carbon adsorption to collect and reuse VOC solvents, or limiting pulp use . T all oil recovery s ys tem VOC emissions at 1 mill were controlled b y venting them to a lime kiln and thermal oxidizer. L ime slaker VOC and TRS emissions at 1 mill were controlled by a wet scrubber . Some of the pract ices, processes, and control technologies found in the RBL C search for these processes were not identified and evaluated during the original standards development for subpart S and warrant further study. **II. European Commission Document**  A general search of th e Internet was conducted for information on control technologies applicable to pulp and paper production. The search identified a December 20 1 0 European Commission document entitled Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control ( IPPC ): Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry . (EC 20 1 0 ) Excerpts of the best available techniques (BAT) from EC 20 1 0 are presented in Appendix B of this memorandum. The most relevant of th es e techniques , relating to HAP control of subpart S sources , were already identified and evaluated during the original standards development for subpart S . **III. References**  RTI2011 Memorandum from T. Holloway , K. Hanks, C. Gooden, and M. Hakos, RTI , to J.

Bradfield and B. Schrock, EPA. Inputs to the Pulp and Paper Industry September 2011 Residual Risk Modeling . September 26, 2011. EC 20 1 0 European Commission . Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC):

Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry . December 20 1 0 .

## Appendix A

**Summary of RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Search Results for Process Type Codes**

**30.200 and 30.400 (Kraft/Non -**  **Kraft Pulp & Paper Processes)**

## A - 1

**Appendix A. Summary of RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Search Results for Process Type Codes 30.200 and 30.400 (Kraft/** **Non -**  **Kraft Pulp & Paper Processes) RBLCID**  **CORPORATE_OR_**

**COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME**  **FACILITY_ COUNTY**  **FACILITY_**

**STATE PROCESS_ NAME**  **POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION**  **CASE -**  **BY**   ** CASE_** **BASIS E**  **MISSION_**

**PROCESS_ GROUP**  OK- 0112 FORT JAMES OPERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILL MUSKOGEE OK PULPI NG SYSTEM 5 Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) EXI STING CONTROL - NO USE OF CHLORINE OR CHLORINE

DIOXIDE BACT - PSD Bleaching WI - 0205 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA WHITING MILL PORTAGE WI MECHANICAL PULP BLEA CHING, P35, S35 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) PULP BLEA CHING MAY ONLY BE CONDUCTED USI NG HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, SODI UM HYDROSULFITE, AND SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE, BASED BLEACHING TECHNIQUES BACT - PSD Bleaching LA - 0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER -

MANSFIELD MILL MANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARI SH LA LIME SLAKER Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) WET SCRUBBER BACT - PSD Causticizing: Lime Mud LA - 0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER -

MANSFIELD MILL MANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARI SH LA LIME SLAKER Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) WET SCRUBBER BACT - PSD Causticizing: Lime Mud LA - 0207 INTE RNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA LIME SLAKER (EQT014) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) WET SCRUBBER BACT - PSD Causticizing: Lime Mud LA - 0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA LIME SLAKER (EQT014) Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) WET SCR UBBER BACT - PSD Causticizing: Lime Mud TX - 0485 INLAND PAPERBOARD AND

PAC KAGING INC INLAND PAPERBOARD AND PACKAGING ORANGE MILL ORANGE TX NO. 1/NO.2 SLAKER Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PULP WASHING, AND

THE REDUCTION OF VOC ADDITIVES TO THE PAPERMAKING SYSTEM LAER Causticizing: Lime Mud LA - 0201 WEYERHAEUSER CO RED RI VER MILL NATCHITOCHES LA SOFTWOOD HD TANK Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) COLLECTING OFFGASES AND BURNI NG THEM I

N EITHER THE NO. 2 HOGGED FUEL BOILER OR RECOVE RY BOILER NO. 3. BACT - PSD Kraft Pulp Storage WI - 0208 DOMTAR INDUSTRIES INC. DOMTAR NEKOOSA MILL WOOD WI KRAFT PULPING PROCESS, P14 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) EMI SSI ONS FROM DIGESTERS SENT TO LVHC SYSTEM (FOR

COMBUSTION IN BOILERS); EMISSIONS FROM BR OWNSTOCK WASHER SENT TO HVLC SYSTEM (FOR COMBUSTION IN BLRF ). MACT Kraft Pulping

WI - 0208 DOMTAR INDUSTRIES INC. DOMTAR NEKOOSA MILL WOOD WI KRAFT PULPING PROCESS, P14 Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) EMI SSI ONS FROM DIGESTERS SENT TO LVHC SYSTEM (FOR

COMBUSTION IN BOILERS); EMISSIONS FROM BROWNSTOCK WASHER SENT TO HVLC SYSTEM (FOR COMBUSTION IN BLRF ). MACT Kraft Pulping

AR - 0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) EMI SSI ONS TO THE LIME KILN FOR THERMAL O XIDATION BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC AR - 0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Methanol ROUTED TO LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC AR - 0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Acetone ROUTED THROUGH LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC AR - 0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) ROUTED TO LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC

## A - 2

**RBLCID CORPORATE_OR_** 

**COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME**  **FACILITY_ COUNTY**  **FACILITY_**

**STATE PROCESS_ NAME**  **POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION**  **CASE -**  **BY**   ** CASE_** **BASIS E**  **MISSION_**

**PROCESS_ GROUP**  AR - 0088 GEORGIA PACIFIC

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATION - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR DIGESTERS (SN - 59) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) INC INERATOR CONTROLS DIGESTER RELIEF AND BLOW GAS

EMI SSI ONS. HOWEVER, PERMITTED EMISSIONS ARE DURI NG FILL AND ARE UNCONTROLLED. CONTROLLED EMI SSIONS ARE BASED UPON 15.5 LB VOC/ADTP (FROM NCASI 858, TABLES 9A - 9FAND 9J) BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC

AR - 0088 GEORGIA PACIFIC

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATION - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR DIGESTERS (SN - 59) Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) INC INERATOR CONTROLS DIGESTER RELIEF AND BLOW GAS

EMI SSI ONS. HOWEVER, PERMITTED EMISSIONS ARE DURI NG FILL AND ARE UNCONTROLLED. CONTROLLED EMI SSI ONS ARE BASED UPON 8.7 LB TRS/ADTP (FROM NCASI 858, TABLES 9A - 9F AND 9J) BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC

GA - 0113 INTERNATIONAL PAPER INTERNATIONAL PAPER - AUGUSTA MILL RICHMOND GA NO. 3 DIGESTER SYSTEM Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) CURRENT NCG COLLECTION SYSTEM ROUTES EM IS SI ONS TO

THE LIME KILNS. NO NEW CONTROLS FEASIBLE. FACILITY PRODUCTION LIMIT Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC LA - 0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUIS IANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA A & B - LINE DIGESTER SYSTEMS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) EMI SSI ONS ROUTED TO EXI S TING LIME KILN OR NCG

INC INERATOR BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC LA - 0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUIS IANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA A & B - LINE DIGESTER SYSTEMS Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) EMI SSI ONS ROUTED TO EXI STING LIME KILN OR NCG

INC INERATOR BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC LA - 0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA DIGESTER SYSTEMS, PRIMARY, SECONDARY, & SEMI - CHEMI CAL Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCG

INC INERATOR BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping : Digester LVHC LA - 0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA DIGESTER SYSTEMS, PRIMARY, SECONDARY, & SEMI - CHEMI CAL Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCG

INC INERATOR BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC M S - 0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWRENCE MS DIGESTER SYSTEM Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) EMI SSI ONS COLLECTED AND COMBUSTED I N THE NCG SYSTEM BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC AL - 0237 INTERNATIONAL PAPER

CO RPERATION - COURTLAND MILL ID COURTLAND LAWRENECE AL NO. 3 DIGESTION SYSTEM Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) VOC WAS INCLUDED IN THIS PROCESS, COLLECT &

INC INERATE LVHC & HVLC'S BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC TN - 0128 PAC KAGING CORPORATION

OF AMERI CA COU NCE MILL HARDIN TN DIGESTERS, TURPENTINE RECOVERY, AND EVAPORATOR SYS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) EMI SSI ONS ARE ROUTED TO THE LIME KILNS FOR

THERMAL OXIDATION. BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC TN - 0128 PAC KAGING CORPORATION

OF AMERI CA COUNCE MIL L HARDIN TN DIGESTERS, TURPENTINE RECOVERY, AND EVAPORATOR SYS Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) EMI SSI ONS ARE ROUTED TO THE LIME KILNS FOR

THERMAL OXIDATION BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Digester LVHC FL - 0254 STONE CONTAINER

CORPORATION PANAM A CITY MILL/ STONE CONTA INER CORP. BAY FL BATCH DIGESTER SYSTEM (21 UNITS) Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) ADJUSTMENT OF THE PH OF THE BOILER'S SCRUBBER

WATER TO 8.0 PRIOR TO INCINERATION OF TRS Other Case by- Case Kraft Pulping:

Digester LVHC

## A - 3

**RBLCID CORPORATE_OR_** 

**COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME**  **FACILITY_ COUNTY**  **FACILITY_**

**STATE PROCESS_ NAME**  **POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION**  **CASE -**  **BY**   ** CASE_** **BASIS E**  **MISSION_**

**PROCESS_ GROUP**  LA - 0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUIS IANA M ILL MOREHOUSE LA EVAPORATOR SYSTEMS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) EMI SSI ONS ROUTED TO EXI STING LIME KILN OR NCG

INC INERATOR BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Evaporator LVHC LA - 0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUIS IANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA EVAPORATOR SYSTEMS Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) EMI SSI ONS ROUTED TO EXI STING LIME KILN OR NCG

INC INERATOR BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Evaporator LVHC MS - 0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE - EFFECT EVAPORATOR SYSTEMS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) INC INERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Evaporator LVHC MS - 0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE - EFFECT EVAPORATOR SYSTEMS Hydrogen Sulfide INC INERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Evaporator LVHC MS - 0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE - EFFECT EVAPORATOR SYSTEMS Odor INC INERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT - PSD Kraft P ulping: Evaporator LVHC AL - 0237 INTERNATIONAL PAPER

CORPERATION - COURTLAND MILL ID COURTLAND LAWRENECE AL NO. 3 EVAPORATION SYSTEM Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) VOC WAS ANOTHER POLLUTANT IN THIS PROCESS, COLLECT

& INC INERATE HVLC & LVHC GASES BACT - PSD Kraf t Pulping: Evaporator LVHC LA - 0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA NOS. 1 & 2 EVAPORATOR AND CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCG

INC INERATOR BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Evaporator LVHC LA - 0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA NOS. 1 & 2 EVAPORATOR AND CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCG

INC INERATOR BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Evaporator LVHC LA - 0158 STONE CONTAINER

CORPORATION STONE CONTAINER CORPORATION JAC KSON PARISH LA NCG/SOG THERMAL OXIDIZER Methanol PROPER COMBUSTION AND OPERATION OF THE INC INERATOR. BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Incinerator SC - 0083 WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY WEYERHEAUSER COMPANY - MARLBORO PAPE R MILL MARLBORO SC INC INERATOR, NCG Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) MINIMUM TEMPERATURE AND RESIDENCE TIME/PULP

PRODUCTION LIMIT (1410 ADTBP/D) BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Incinerator SC - 0083 WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY WEYERHEAUSER COMPANY - MARLBORO PAPER MILL MAR LB ORO SC INC INERATOR, NCG Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) MINIMUM TEMPERATURE: 1200 DEGREES F; AND 0.5

SECOND RESIDENCE TIME. PULP PRODUCTION LIMI T (1410 ADTBP/D) BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Incinerator MS - 0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWRENCE MS TURPENTINE RECOVERY SYSTEM Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) INC INERATOR: LIME KILN AND THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Turpentine LVHC MS - 0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWREN CE MS BROWN STOCK WASHER Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) EMI SSI ONS ARE FED TO THE LIME KILN OR THERMAL

OXIDIZER FOR COMBUSTION. BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Washing

## A - 4

**RBLCID CORPORATE_OR_** 

**COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME**  **FACILITY_ COUNTY**  **FACILITY_**

**STATE PROCESS_ NAME**  **POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION**  **CASE -**  **BY**   ** CASE_** **BASIS E**  **MISSION_**

**PROCESS_ GROUP**  MS - 0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWRENCE MS BROWN S TOCK WASHER Hydrogen Sulfide INC INERATORS BACT - PSD Kraft Pulping: Washing MN - 0041 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA STORA ENSO - DUL UTH MILL ST. L OUIS MN PRESSURIZED GROUNDWOOD PULP MILL Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZER (RTO). PRIMARY LIMIT

UNITS IN PERCENT DESTRUCTION EFFICIENCY. ALTERNATIVE LIMIT UNITS IN LB OF VOC/T OF OVEN - DRY PULP. BACT - PSD Mechanical Pulping MN - 0076 BLANDIN PAPER

COMPANY/MINNESOTA POWER BLANDIN PAPER/RAPIDS ENERGY CENTER ITASCA MN PRESSURIZED GROUNDWOOD MILL Vo latile Organic Compounds (VOC) REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZER BACT - PSD Mechanical Pulping MN - 0076 BLANDIN PAPER

COMPANY/MINNESOTA POWER BLANDIN PAPER/RAPIDS ENERGY CENTER ITASCA MN THERMOMECHANIC AL PULP MILL Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) REGENERATIVE TH ERMAL OXIDIZER BACT - PSD Mechanical Pulping WI - 0197 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA - BIRON MILL SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P01 - THERMO MECHANICAL PULPI NG Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBER SCRUBBER. BACT - PSD Mechanical Pulping WI - 0197 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA - BIRON MILL SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P02 - THERMO MECHANICAL PULPI NG (TM - II) PROCESS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBER SCRUBBERS /

CONDENSERS. BACT - PSD Mechanical Pulping WI - 0197 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMER IC A - BIRON MILL SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P03 - THERMO MECHANICAL PULPI NG (TM - III) PROCESS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBER SCRUBBERS /

CONDENSERS. BACT - PSD Mechanical Pulping WI - 0214 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA SENA - NIAGARA M ILL MARI NETTE WI PRESSURIZED GROUNDWOOD PULPI NG (P04) Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) EXCLUSIVE USE OF ASPEN CORDWOOD BACT - PSD Mechanical Pulping WI - 0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA, BLEA CHING Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) TE CHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTE

LOWEST POSS IB LE VOC EMI SSIONS WHILE MAINTAINING PRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COST EFFECTIVENESS BACT - PSD Paper Stock Prep

WI - 0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA, DEI NKING Volatile O rganic

Compounds (VOC) TECHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTE

LOWEST POSS IB LE VOC EMI SSIONS WHILE MAINTAINING PRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COST EFFECTIVENESS BACT - PSD Paper Stock Prep

WI - 0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA, WATER CLARIFICATION OPERATIONS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) TECHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTE

LOWEST POSS IB LE VOC EMI SSIONS WHILE MAINTAINING PRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COST EFFECTIVENESS BACT - PSD Paper Stock Prep

WI - 0243 ST ORA ENSO STORA ENSO WISCONSIN RAPIDS PAPER MILL WOOD WI P83 STOCK PREPARATION (JACKSON MILL) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) NO ADD ON CONTROL FEASIBLE. POLLUTION PREVENTION IS

LIMI TI NG THE AMOUNTS OF VOC APPLIED TO THE PAPER MACHI NE. BACT - PSD Paper Stock Prep

## A - 5

**RBLCID CORPORATE_OR_** 

**COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME**  **FACILITY_ COUNTY**  **FACILITY_**

**STATE PROCESS_ NAME**  **POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION**  **CASE -**  **BY**   ** CASE_** **BASIS E**  **MISSION_**

**PROCESS_ GROUP**  OK- 0103 WEYERHAEUSER WEYERHAEUSER -- VALLIANT MCCURTAIN OK OCC PLANTS (3) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) GOOD OPERATING PRACTICE BACT - PSD Paper Stock Prep WI - 0216 APPLETON COATED LLC APPLETON COATED - COMBI NED L OCKS MILL OUTAGAMIE WI PAPER MACHIN E #6 (S62A, P62A) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) LIMI TS ON THE RAW MATERIALS VOC ADDITIVES AND USE

OF MARKET PULP. BACT - PSD Papermaking WI - 0247 APPLETON COATED PAPERS APPLETON COATED - COMBI NED L OCKS MILL OUTAGAMIE WI PROCESS P62, STACK S62 - PAPER MACH INE #1 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) LIMI TS ON THE VOC CONTENT (RETENTION AID AND

COATING) AND USAGE OF VOC ON THE PAPER MACHI NE (LBS/ADT). REQUIRED UNDER PSD BACT AND STATE LACT. BACT - PSD Papermaking WI - 0202 APPLETON COATED LLC COMBI NED L OCKS MILL OUT AGAM IE WI PAPER MACHINE #7, COATINGS (P63 / S63) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) COATING VOC LIMI T, NO VOC FROM PULP BACT - PSD Papermaking TN - 0127 PAC KAGING CORPORATION

OF AMERI CA COUNCE MILL HARDIN TN PAPER MACHINES Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) USE O F WHITE WATER ON THE MACHI NES AND GOOD OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICES BACT - PSD Papermaking MS - 0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWRENCE MS PAPER MACHINE BUILDING Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) USE OF CLEAN WA TER I N THE PAPER MAKING PROCESS. N/A Papermaking AR - 0099 GEORGIA - PA CIFI C

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATION - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR FINE PAPER MACHI NE #1 AND #2 Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL UTILIZE A LOWER VOC - CONTAINI NG CHEMI CAL

WHENEVER ONE I S AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMI CALS BEING USED. BACT - PSD Papermaking

AR - 0099 GEORGIA - PA CIFI C

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATION - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #3 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL UTILIZE A LOWER VOC - CONTAINI NG CHEMI CAL

WHENEVER ONE I S AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS BEING USED. BACT - PSD Papermaking

AR - 0099 GEORGIA - PA CIFI C

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATION - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #4 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL UTILIZE A LOWER VOC - CONTAINI NG CHEMI CAL

WHENEVER ONE I S AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMI CALS BEING USED. BACT - PSD Papermaking

AR - 0099 GEORGIA - PA CIFI C

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATION - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #5 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL UTILIZE A LOWER VOC - CONTAINI NG CHEMI CAL

WHENEVER ONE I S AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS BEING USED. BACT - PSD Papermaking

AR - 0099 GEORGIA - PA CIFI C

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATION - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #6 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NE W SUBSTANCE

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL UTILIZE A LOWER VOC - CONTAINI NG CHEMI CAL

WHENEVER ONE I S AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMI CALS BEING USED. BACT - PSD Papermaking

## A - 6

**RBLCID CORPORATE_OR_** 

**COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME**  **FACILITY_ COUNTY**  **FACILITY_**

**STATE PROCESS_ NAME**  **POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION**  **CASE -**  **BY**   ** CASE_** **BASIS E**  **MISSION_**

**PROCESS_ GROUP**  AR - 0099 GEORGIA - PA CIFI C

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATI ON - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #7 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL UTILIZE A LOWER VOC - CONTAINI NG CHEMI CAL

WHENEVER ONE I S AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS BEING USED. BACT - PSD Papermaking

AR - 0099 GEORGIA - PA CIFI C

CORPORATION GEORGIA - PA CIFI C CORPORATION - CROSSETT PAPER OPERATIONS ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #8 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL UTILIZE A LOWER VOC - CONTAINI NG CHEMI CAL

WHENEVER ONE I S AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMI CALS BEING USED. BACT - PSD Papermaking

GA - 0114 TEMPLE I NLAND, INC. INLAND PAPERBOARD AND PACKAGING , I

NC. - ROME LINERBOARD MILL FLOYD GA KRAFT PULP MILLS - LINERBOARD MACHI NES Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) GOOD WORK PRACTICES BACT - PSD Papermaking WA - 0303 LONGV IE W FIBRE PAPER

AND PACKAGING, INC LONGV IE W FIBRE PAPER AND PACKAGING, INC LONGV IE W WA PAP ER MACHINES Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) USE OF LOW VOC ADDITIVES. THERE I S NO ASSOCIATED

PERMIT LIMI T ON VOC EMI SSIONS. ANTICIPATED NET EMI SSI ONS INCREASE IS 72.5 TPY. BACT - PSD Papermaking MI - 0261 MEAD

CORPORATION/ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY MEAD CORPORATION/ESCANAB A PAPER COMPANY DELTA MI PAPER MACHINE, NO. 4, VALMET Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) VOC LIMIT INCLUDES ADDITIVES AND CLEANING, AS WELL

AS PULP. PRODUCT LIMI T OF 251,000 TON PAPER PER YEAR Other Case by- Case Papermaking OK- 0112 FORT JAMES O PERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILL MUSKOGEE OK PAPER MACHINE Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) NEW SUBSTANCE REVIEW BACT - PSD Papermaking OK- 0112 FORT JAMES OPERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILL MUSKOGEE OK PAPER MACHINE COMBUSTION #11 - 14 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) EXI ST ING CONTROL - GOOD COMBUSTION PRACTI CES BACT - PSD Papermaking WI - 0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #1 (S14/P40) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) LIMI TI NG THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKING ADD IT IVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE. BACT - PSD Papermaking WI - 0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #2 (S15/P42) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) LIMI TI NG THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKING ADD IT IVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE. BACT - PSD Papermaking WI - 0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #3 (S16/P44) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) LIMI TI NG THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKING ADD IT IVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE. VOC SOLVENT USAGE IS SHARED BETWEEN MACHI NES #3 AND #4. USE OF CARBON ADSORPTION TO COLLECT / REUSE A PORTION OF THE SOLVENTS. BACT - PSD Papermaking

WI - 0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #4 (S18/P46) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) LIMI TI NG THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKING ADD IT IVES ) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE. VOC SOLVENT USAGE IS SHARED BETWEEN MACHI NES #3 AND #4. USE OF CARBON ADSORPTION TO COLLECT / REUSE A PORTION OF THE SOLVENTS. BACT - PSD Papermaking

WI - 0197 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA - BIRON MILL SENA BIRON MILL WOOD W I P40 - PAPER MACHI NE #24 W/ COATER Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) PAPER MAKING ADDITIVE LIMITS BACT - PSD Papermaking

## A - 7

**RBLCID CORPORATE_OR_** 

**COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME**  **FACILITY_ COUNTY**  **FACILITY_**

**STATE PROCESS_ NAME**  **POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION**  **CASE -**  **BY**   ** CASE_** **BASIS E**  **MISSION_**

**PROCESS_ GROUP**  WI - 0197 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA - BIRON MILL SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P60 - PAPER MACHI NE #26 W/ COATER Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) PAPER MAKING ADDITIVE LIMITS BACT - PSD Papermaking WI - 0089 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA STORA ENSO NORTH AMERI CA WOOD WI #12 PAPER MACHI NE Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) AND

LATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THE PAPER MACHINE: VOC CONTENT LIMITS - LIM ITS ARE LISTED IN THE FACILITY NOTES BACT - PSD Papermaking

WI - 0089 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA STORA ENSO NORTH AMERI CA WOOD WI #13 PAPER MACHI NE Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) AND

LATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THE PAPER MACHINE: VOC LIMI TS LISTED IN FACILITY NOTES. BACT - PSD Papermaking

WI - 0089 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA STORA ENSO NORTH AMERI CA WOOD WI #14 PAPER MACHI NE Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) B EST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) AND

LATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THE PAPER MACHINE: VOC CONTENT LIMITS, LISTED IN FACILITY NOTES. BACT - PSD Papermaking

WI - 0089 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA STORA ENSO NORTH AMERI CA WOOD WI #16 PAPER MACHI NE COMPLEX Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) AND

LATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THE PAPER MACHINE: RESTRICTI ON ON VOC CONTENT OF MATERIALS. VOC CONTENTS ARE LISTED I N THE FACILITY NOTES. BACT - PSD P apermaking

WI - 0243 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA STORA ENSO WISCONSIN RAPIDS PAPER MILL WOOD WI P12 (PAPER / BOARD MACHI NE #12) Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) NO ADD - ON CONTROLS FEASIBLE, LIMI T THE ADDITION OF

VOC CONTAINING ADDITIVES, CLEANING AGENTS. BACT - PSD Papermaking OK- 0103 WEYERHAEUSER WEYERHAEUSER -- VALLIANT MCCURTAIN OK PAPER MACHINE Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) GOOD OPERATING PRACTICES BACT - PSD Papermaking WI - 0205 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA WHITING MILL PORTAGE WI PAPER MACHINE #64 W/ I N LINE COATER Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) IND IVIDUAL LIMI TS ON RETENTION AIDS (30 WT.%),

CLEA NERS (5 WT.%), I

NTERNAL SIZE (1 WT.%), DEFOAMERS (25 WT.%), BIOCIDES (55 WT. %), DYES (45 WT.%). BACT - PSD Papermaking WI - 0200 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA WISCONSIN RAP IDS PAPER MILL WOOD WI P13/S13 - PAPERBOARD MACHI NE Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON - LINE

CLEA NERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AIDS <= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; INTERNAL SIZE <= 0.15% VOC; BACT - PS D Papermaking

WI - 0200 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA WISCONSIN RAPIDS PAPER MILL WOOD WI P14/S14 - #14 PAPER MACHI NE W/ COATERS Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON - LINE

CLEA NERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AID S <= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; SIZE / PRECOAT COATING <= 0.12 WT% VOC OF DRY COATING; INTERNAL SIZE <= 0.15% VOC; BACT - PSD Papermaking

WI - 0200 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA WISCONSIN RAPIDS PAPER MILL WOOD WI P82 / S82 - PAPER MACHI NE #16 W/ COATERS Volat ile Organic Compounds (VOC) BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON - LINE

CLEA NERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AIDS <= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; SIZE / PRECOAT COATING <= 0.12 WT% VOC OF DRY COATING; INTERNAL SIZE <= 0.15% VOC; BACT - PSD Papermaking

## A - 8

**RBLCID CORPORATE_OR_** 

**COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME**  **FACILITY_ COUNTY**  **FACILITY_**

**STATE PROCESS_ NAME**  **POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION**  **CASE -**  **BY**   ** CASE_** **BASIS E**  **MISSION_**

**PROCESS_ GROUP**  MS - 0075 GEORGIA - PA CIFI C

CORPORATION GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION, MONTICELLO MILL LAWRENCE MS TALL OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) INC INERATORS: LIME KILN AND THERMAL OXIDIZER. RACT Tall Oil LA - 0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARI SH LA WASTEWATER TREATMENT Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) BIODEGRATION SYSTEM BACT - PSD Wastewater LA - 0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARI SH LA WASTEWATER TREATMENT Sulfur, Total Reduced (TRS) BIODEGRATION SY STEM BACT - PSD Wastewater WI - 0205 STORA ENSO NORTH

AMERI CA WHITING MILL PORTAGE WI WATER RENEWAL CENTER, P02; S02 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) OPERATE USING GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (NO

NUMERI CAL

LIMI T) BACT - PSD Wastewater

## Appendix B **Excerpts from European Commission’s December 20**  **1 0 Document**  **Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry** 

## B - 1

**Appendix B. Excerpts from European Commission’s December 20**  **1 0 Document**  **Integra ted**  **Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry**  **BAT for k**  **raft pulp processing** Best available techniques for kraft pulp mills are considered to be :  Dry debarking of wood;  In crease d delignification before the bleach plant by extended or modified cooking and additional oxygen stages ;  Highl y efficient brown stock washing and closed cycle brown stock screening;  Elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching with low AOX or Totall y chlorine fr ee (TCF) bleaching;  Recycling of some, mainly alkaline process water from the bleach plant;  Effective spill monitoring, containment and recovery s ys tem;  Stripping and reuse of the condensates from the evaporation plant;  Sufficient capacity of the black liq uor evaporation plant and the recovery boiler to cope with the additional liquor and dry solids load;  Collection and reuse of clean cooling waters;  Provision of sufficiently large buffer tanks for storage of spilled cooking and recovery liquors and dirty

c ondensates to prevent sudden peaks of loading and occasional upsets in the external effluent treatment plant;  In addition to process - integrated measures, primary treatment and biological treatment is considered BAT for kraft pulp mills. Best available tec hniques for reducing emissions to air are :  Collection and incineration of concentrated malodorous gases and control the resulting SO 2 

## emission s. The strong gases can be burnt in the recovery boiler, in the lime kiln or a separate, low NOx furnace. The flue gases of the latter have a high concentration of SO 2 

## that is recovered in a scrubber.  Diluted malodorous gases from various sources are also collected and incinerated and the resulting SO 2 

## controlled.  TRS emissions of the recovery boiler are mitigated by efficient combustion control and CO measurement;  TRS emissions of the lime kiln are mitigated b y controlling the excess ox yg en, by using low S fuel, and b y controlling the residual soluble sodium in the lime mud fed to the kiln.  The SO 2 

## emissions from the recovery boilers are controlled by firing high dry

solids concentration black liquor in the recovery boiler and/or by

using a flue gas scrubber;  BAT is further the control of NOx emissions from the recovery boiler (i.e. ensuring proper mixing and division of air in the boiler), lime kiln and from auxiliary boilers by

controlling the firing conditions, and for new or altered installations also by appropriate design;  SO 2 

## emissions from auxiliary boilers are reduced by using bark, gas, low sulphur oil and coal or controlling S emissions with a scrubber.  Flue gases from recovery boilers, auxiliary boilers (in which other biofuels and/or fossil fuels are incinerated) and lime kiln are cleaned with efficient electrostatic precipitators to mitigate dust emissions. **BAT for sulph ite pulp processing**  Best available techniques for sulph ite pulp mills are considered to be:  Dry debarking of wood;  In creased delignification before the bleach plant by extended or modified cooking ;  Highl y efficient brown stock washing and cl osed cycle brown stock screening ;  Effective spill monitoring containment and recovery s ys tem ;  Closure of the bleach plant when sodium based cooking processes is being used ;  TCF bleaching ;  Neutrali z ing of weak liquor before evaporation followed by re - use of most condensate in the process or anaerobic treatment;

## B - 2

 For prevention of unnecessary loading and occasionally upsets in the external effluent treatment due to process cooking and recovery liquors and dirt y condensates sufficientl y large buffer tanks for s torage are considered as necessary ;  In addition to process - integrated measures, primary and biological treatment is considered BAT for sulph ite pulp mills. Best available techniques for reducing emissions to air are:  Collection of concentrated SO 2 

## release s and recovery in tanks with different pressure levels;  Collection of diffuse SO 2 

## releases from various sources and introducing them in the recovery boiler as combustion air;  Control of SO 2 

## emissions from the recovery boiler(s) by

use of electrostatic prec ipitators and multi - stage flue gas scrubbers and collection and scrubbing of various vents;  Reduction of SO 2 

## emissions from auxiliary boilers by

using bark, gas, low sulphur oil and coal or controlling S emissions;  Reduction of odorous gases by efficient c ollection sy stems;  Reduction of NOx emissions from the recovery boiler and from auxiliary boilers by controlling the firing conditions;  Cleaning of the auxiliary boilers flue gases with efficient electrostatic precipitators to mitigate dust emissions;  Emis sion optimi s ed incineration of residues with energy recovery . **BAT for mechanical pulping and chemi -**  **mechanical pulping** Best available techniques for mechanical pulp mills are considered to be:  Dry debarking of wood  Minimi s ation of reject losses by using e fficient reject handling stages  Water recirculation in the mechanical pulping department  Effective separation of the water s ys tems of the pulp and paper miill by use of thickeners  Counter - current white water s ys tem from paper mill to pulp mill depending on the degree of integration  Use of sufficiently

large buffer tanks for storage of concentrated wastewater streams from the process (mainl y for CTMP)  Primary

and biological treatment of the effluents, and in some cases also flocculation or chemical precipitation. Best available techniques for reducing emissions to air are:  Efficient heat recovery from refiners ;  Abatement of VOC em issions from contaminated steam **BAT for recycled fibr e**  **processing** Best available techniques for recovered paper processing mills are considered to be **:**  Separation of less contaminated water from contaminated one and recycling of process water;  Optimal water management (water loop arangement), water clarification by sedimentation, flotation or filtration techniques and recycling of p rocess water for different purposes;  Strict separation of water loops and counter - currents flow of process water;  Generation of clarified water for de - inking plants (flotation);  Installation of an equali s ation basin and primary treatment;  Biological efflue nt treatment. An effective option for de - inked grades and depending on the conditions also for non - de - inked grades is aerobic biological treatment and in some cases also flocculation and chemical precipitation. Mechanical treatment with subsequent anaerobi c - aerobic biological treatment is the preferable option for non - deinked grades. These mills usually

have to treat more concentrated wastewater because of higher degree of water circuit closure;  Partial recycling of treated water after biological treatment. The possible degree of water recycling is depending on the specific paper grades produced. For non - deinked paper grades this technique is BAT. However, the advantages and drawbacks need to be carefully investigated and will usually require additional poli shing (tertiary treatment);  Treating internal water circuits .

## B - 3

Air emissions in RCF based paper mills are mainly related to plants installed for the production of heat and in some cases for co - generation of electricity . Saving of energy corresponds therefo re with reduction of air emissions. The power plants are usuall y standard boilers and can be treated like an y other power plants. To decrease energy consumption and air emission the following measures are considered as BAT:  Co - generation of heat and power;  Improving existing boilers;  When equipment is replaced use of less energy consuming equipment **BAT for papermaking and related processes** Air emissions from non - integrated paper mills are mainly related to steam boilers and power plants. These plants are generall y standard boilers and do not differ from any other combustion plants. In general in this sector BAT is considered to be the use of energy efficient technologies. A lot of options for energy

saving in many

stages within the manufacturing process are available. Usually these measures are linked with investments to replace, rebuild or upgrade process equipment. Energy savings can be achieved by :  Implementation of a s ys tem for monitoring energy usage and performance,  M ore effective dewatering of the p aper web in the press section of the paper machine b y using wide nip (shoe) pressing technologies  U se of other energy

efficient technologies , e.g. , high consistency slushing, energy

efficient refining, twin wire forming, optimi s ed vacuum s ystems, speed adj ustable drives for fans and pumps, high efficiency

electric motors, well sized electric motors, steam condensate recovery , increasing size press solids or exhaust air heat recovery s ys tems  A reduction of direct use of steam can be achieved by careful proce ss integration by using pinch anal ys is. **Use of chemicals and additives** For chemical usage, the availability of a database for all used chemicals and additives and the application of the principle of substitution is considered as BAT.