Bulletin No. 268 Series 0, Systematic Geology and Paleontology, 75

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM

THE MONTEREY SHALE

OF CALIFORNIA

FEW SPECIES FROM THE TEJON FORMATION

BY

RUFTJS M. BAG-G-, Jr.

WASHINGTON

GQV E R N M E NT P K I N T I N G O ]. ' J:' ICE

1905
t
CONTENTS.

Page.

Letter of transmittal...................................................... 7

Geology, by J. C. Branner................................................ 9

General relations......................................................... 11

Bibliography ............................................................ 17

Descriptions of species....-.-............................................. 19

Index ................................................................... 77

ILLUSTRATIONS.

	Pn{;e. 

PLATE I. Sandstone intrusion in Monterey shale on Graves Creek, 1,000 feet

south of J. H. Henry's ranch house............................ 10

II. Bulimina ...................................................... 58

III. Bulimina and Bolivina .......................................... 60

IV. Bolivina and Lagena............................... ^............ 62

V. Nodosaria....................................................... 64

VI. Cristellaria..........,..............-...............;........... 66

VII. Uvigerina, Sagrina, and Globigerina ..... 1....................... 68

VIII. (jlobigerhiaK Orbulina, Pullenia, Discorbina, and Tnmcatulina...... 70

IX. TrunqatiilffS and Anoraalina .................................... 72

X. Anomalina^-Pulvinujina, Kotalia, and Nonionina.................. 74

XI. Nonionina and Polystomella..................................... 76

Fig. 1.. Geologic sketch map of a portion of San Luis Oblspo County, Cal.... ' 10

2. Section along line A-B on fig. 1, showing general structure ........... 10

5

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

Washington. D. <?., May 12,'1905.

SIR: 1 transmit herewith the manuscript of a report on "Miocene 

Foraminifera from the Monterey Shale of California, with a Few 

Species from the Tej on Formation," by Dr. Rufus M. Bagg, jr., with 

an introduction by Prof. J. C. Branner, and recommend that it be 

published as a bulletin of the Survey.

Very respectfully, C. W. HATES,

Geologist in Charge of Geology. 

Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT,

Director United States Geological Survey.

MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM THE MONTEREY SHALE,

CALIFORNIA, WITH A FEW -SPECIES FROM

THE TEJON FORMATION.

RUFUS M. BAGG, Jr.

GEOLOGY.

By J. C. BRAXNER.

*

The Miocene Foraminifera described in this bulletin were collected 

by me from the Monterey shale, on the Rancho del Encinal, near 

Asuncion station, in San Luis Obispo County, Cal. The exposure 

from which the material was taken is in the bed of Graves Creek, 

about 500 feet south of J. H. Henry's ranch house, and 7,000 feet 

nearly due south of Asuncion station, on the coast division of the 

Southern Pacific Railway. The same, or similar, fossiliferous beds are 

exposed at many places in the hills and gulches northwest of Mr. 

Heniy's house. -

The accompanying map and section on the line A-B (figs. 1 and 2) 

show the general geology of the neighborhood well enough for present 

purposes.

The Monterey shale is between 2,000 and 2,500 feet thick hfere, and 

forms one broad fold, though there are many small faults that are not 

indicated on the section, and considerable variations in the direction 

and amount of the dips. In places the beds are much wrinkled. The 

shale series is not uniform throughout, but contains layers that are 

more or less sandy. On Graves Creek, between its mouth and .the 

ranch house, there are several exposures of a bed of coarse sandstone 

interbedded with the shale that is at least 10 feet thick. The shale 

proper also varies; at some places it is flint}^, at others it is somewhat 

sandy, and at still others it is soft and chocolate-colored, and contains 

an abundance of well-preserved Foraminifera. At one place, about 

1,500 feet below the ranch house, I found in the creek bed an undetermined vertebrate fossil about 4 feet long. This is the only fossil 

observed, in these rocks beside the Foraminifera and diatoms. The
10 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA PROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

bulk of this shale is made of diatom skeletons. In some places the 

rocks are soft and powdery enough to be used for polishing powder. 

In color the shale varies from white through cream colored and gray

Santa Marganta ? 

(SanPablo) formation

FIG. 1. Geologic sketch map of a portion of San Luis Obispo County, Cal.

to amber colored and black. Even when the rocks are flinty they 

often contain good impressions of Foraminifera.

The Monterey shale is exposed at many places along Atascadero 

Creek,.and nearly everywhere in this vicinit}' it contains ForaminifSANTA MARGARITA ? 

(SANPABLO) FORMATION

ATASCADERO (CHICO) 

FORMATION

MONTEREY SHALE

FIG. 2. Section along line A-B in fig. 1. showing general structure.

era, though most of the rocks are too hard to allow them to 'be taken

out.

, It is of interest to note that nearly all of the Monterey shale in this

neighborhood contains a notable amount of hydrocarbon enough, at

least, to cause it to burn with a flame when placed in a hot fire. I have

had the hydrocarbons determined in two typical samples of the shale.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

SANDSTONE INTRUSION IN MONTEREY SHALE ON GRAVES CREEK, 1.000 FEET 
KAGG.] GENERAL RELATIONS. 11

One kind the hard, amber-colored chert from Atascadero Creek and 

from just south of Havel station on the railway yielded 12.8 ounces 

of oil to the ton of rock. The chocolate-colored, soft shale that contains so many Foraminifera was found to contain 102.4 ounces, or 

about 0.86 gallon of oil, to the ton of rock. The specimens examined 

-in both cases came from the surface, and it is quite possible that under 

cover the rocks contain a little more oil.

A matter of considerable interest in connection with this shale is 

that it is traversed at several places along Graves Creek above the 

ranch house by sandstone intrusions or dikes that appear to have come 

from below. (See PL I.) They vary in thickness from less than an 

inch to several" feet. These dikes are described by Prof. J. F. Newsom 

in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. 14, page 227.

The Monterey shale in this region rests upon a series of snuffcolored sandstones which a little farther south, in the San Luis 

Obispo quadrangle, are referred by Fairbanks .to the Atascadero 

(Chico). It is overlain by a series of coarse sands and gravels that 

form the low hills lying between Mr. Henry's ranch house and Asuncion station, and forming also Pine Ridge, the hill just west of 

Atascadero station. These overlying beds are regarded by Doctor 

Fairbanks as Santa Margarita (San Pablo), or upper Miocene. I .am 

inclined to believe that they are Pliocene. Their age is of no especial 

importance in the present discussion, however, further than that they 

are clearly not a part of the Montere}r shale.

GENERAL RELATIONS.

The writer's study of the fossils of the Miocene clay marl of Graves 

Creek, San Luis Obispo Count}^ CaL, collected by Prof. J. C. Branner, has yielded an interesting fauna of sixty-six species, including 

a few varieties, and seventeen genera. These genera are .Bulimina., 

jBolivma. Lagena, IVbdosaria, Cristellaria, Uvigerina, Sagrina, Globigerina, Orbulina, Pullenia, Discorbinci^ Truncatulina,. Anomalina, 

Pulvinulina, Rotalia, jVonionina, and Polystomella.

A glance at the list (pp. 13-15) reveals the absence of arenaceous 

genera and species, of warm-water Miliolidas, the presence of but. one 

member of the jNummulitic group, and the large number of rotaline 

types. The absence of the arenaceous genera undoubtedly shows the 

purity of the waters in oceanic circulation during the Miocene, and 

this evidence is still further substantiated by the fine argillaceous and 

silt character of the deposit in which the Foraminifera are deposited. 

The Foraminifera, in fact, constitute a large portion of the entire 

mass of the marl itself, while sand and coarse pebbles are practically 

absent. Only in one instance was a pebble detected in the material 

washed. This pebble is upward of half an inch in diameter and is 

composed of dark flinty quartz. The majority of the mass in which
12 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 2GS.

the fossils are embedded is rich in aluminum and occasionally there 

are calcareous nodules and irregular-shaped fragments which when 

dissolved in hydrochloric acid leave a small deposit highly aluminous. 

No phosphates were detected in these calcareous masses.

The majority of forms identified are present in abundance to-day in 

the North Atlantic Ocean (see list, pp. 13-15), and the writer is confident 

that the conditions there to-day represent pretty well the oceanic temperatures and depths at which the California beds were laid down. 

These fossils were presumably deposited in waters the depth of which 

was less than 500 fathoms. Forms like Globigerina lulloides and Orbulinauniversa are, of course, surface types and are untrustworthy guides 

when the fauna as a whole is considered. The relative abundance of 

forms of any one species is an important indication of the conditions 

under which a given formation was laid down. The occurrence in 

relative abundance of forms found only in shallow waters, such as 

Bolimna senariensis, Bolimna textilarioides, Bulimina elegantissima, 

Discorbina allomorphinioides, Nodosaria filiformis, Pulvinulina auvicula, and Vvigerina tenuistriata, afford ample evidence that the entire 

fauna was deposited in shoal waters.

The fauna as a whole is remarkably similar to that of the older Pliocene beds of Monte Bartolomeo described, by Egger in 1895." Thisfact has already been pointed out by Chapman, in his report on the 

California Foraminifera. & The foraminiferal contents of the Miocene 

beds examined by the writer and described in the Bulletin of American Paleontology 6 have only a general resemblance to the fossils under 

discussion and are not as closely related as those of the middle Tertiary 

beds in Europe.

The foraminiferal shells in this gray-brown marl are peculiar in 

that their chambers are rarely filled with the exogenous matter composing the matrix in which they are deposited. They will therefore 

float readily on water, which is of assistance in separating them from the 

matrix. This fact is also of importance as indicating the rapidity 

with which the Miocene beds were deposited, since in nearly all cases 

of fossil Foraminifera with which the writer is familiar the shells are 

filled more or less completely'with the material in which. the}T are 

embedded.

The only report on the California Miocene of which the author has 

any knowledge is one by Mr. Frederick Chapman, entitled "Foraminifera from the Tertiary of California," published in the Proceedings 

of the California Academy of Sciences, 3d series, vol. 1, No. 8, 1900 

(San Francisco). Of the species identified and described in this report

aFossile Foraminiferen von Monte Bartolomeo am Gardasee: Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, 

vol. 16, 1895.

b Foraminifera from the Tertiary of California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, 1900.

cTertiary and Pleistocene Foraminifera of the middle Atlantic slope: Bull. American Paleont., 

vol. 2, No. 10.
GENERAL RELATIONS.

by Mr. Chapman, m&ny were found also in tht material investigated 

by myself, and in addition many new forms were recognized. The 

new Cristellarian described by Chapman under the name of Cristellaria miocenica was not recognized although Mr. Chapman found the 

fossil in abundance in his material. Mr. Chapman's material is 

described as a close-textured, gray-brown marl from the Tertiary marl 

of California marked "Miocene?" and a second specimen was from a 

well boring in Santa Clara County similar to the first, somewhat paler, 

and rather shaty. The matrix when seen in thin section Chapman 

describes as consisting of basaltic or palagonitic material crowded with 

hollow-chambered Foraminifera. From this description it appears 

probable that Mr. Chapman's specimens were from the same formation as the material examined by the author of this report.

Before describing the species it is perhaps best to state that the 

references and synonyms given under each species are not complete, 

only the more important and accessible references being included and 

in every case the original description being placed first.

Again, in one or two reports the author has been obliged to use the 

paging given in reprints, especially in the report of Johann Egger, previously referred to, and he does not feel positive that the pages given 

will correspond with what ma}^ be later found in the bound volumes, of 

which these abstracts are a part. The plate, numbers and figures and 

other reference matter should be found without error.

Table shoiving limits of depth of existing representatives of the fossil Foraminifera found in

the Miocene of California.

Nome.

Anomalina grosserugosa

Anomalina rotula ...........

Bolivina senariensis .........

Bolivina dilatata ...... ......

Bolivina punctata var. substriata. 

Bolivina textilarioides. ......

Bulimina affiriis. ............

Bulimina buchiana ..........

Bulimina elegantissima ......

Bulimina elongata ......... '.

Depth.

-To 1,350 fathoms .........

150 to 2,200 fathoms ......

345 to 2, 160 fathoms .. ...

Not known outside Tertiary.

To 1,180 fathoms .........

.....do...................

.....do...................

630 North Atlantic, 1,425

South Atlantic.

Chief locality.

South Pacific.

tic.

North Atlantic.

Do.

Do.

Do.

North Pacific.

Do.

North and South Atlantic.
14 MIOCENE FORAMINIFEKA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

Table showing limits of depth of existing representatives of the fossil Foraminifera found in 

the Miocene of California Continued.

Name.

Bulimina ovata

Bulirnina pupoides .. 

Cristellaria articulata 

Cristellaria cassis....

Cristellaria crepidula

Cristellaria crepidula var. 

gladius.

Cristellaria gerlandi .........

Cristellaria gibba............

Cristellaria rotulata..........

Discorbina alloinorphinoides. 

Globigerina bilobata.........

Globigerina bulloides........

Globigerina cretacea.........

Globigerina 'dubia...........

Lagena apiculata. 

Lagena globosa .. 

.Lagena gracilis...

Depth.

South Atlantic, 2,200; 

South Pacific, 15 to 580; 

North Atlantic, shallow 

to 1,400.

Shoal to 100 fathoms. 

Less than 400.............

Shallow water............

Shoal water, one example, 

2,350 fathoms.

Found in Tejon formation.

Miocene only. ............

Less than 500 fathoms. 

To 2,000 fathoms .........

10 to 155 fathoms .........

Bottom ooze, various depths 

All depths ...............

Fossil....................

Bottom oo/e .............

Lagena marginata. 

Lagena sulcata....

Nodosaria adolphina . 

Nodosaria communis . 

Nodosaria consobrina.

Nodosaria consobrina var. 

emaciata.

Nodosaria farcimen.........

Nodosaria filiformis ........

Nodosaria obliqua..........

Nodosaria pauperata........

Nodosaria radicula .........

Nodosaria roenieri. 

Nodosaria soluta ..

Nonionina boueana.

All depths to 3,000 fathoms 

All depths ...............

Usually shallow water, 

rarely to 2,775.

All depths to 3,125 fathoms

To 2,750 fathoms typically 

* shoal water.

Doubtfully recent.........

All depths ...............

129 to 1,375, mostly moderate.

.....do...................

All depths ...............

To 500 fathoms...........

To 200 fathoms...........

All depths ...............

Shore waters to 2,350 

fathoms.

Less than 400 fathoms 

125 to 1,360 fathoms ......

Few to 200 fathoms

Chief locality.

Wide area.

Adriatic and Mediterranean.

Wide.

Rare to-day. 

All oceans. 

Three localities only. 

Wide range. 

Universal area.

Very limited distribution 

to-day.

Every latitude. 

All oceans. 

Wide area.

All latitudes. 

Wide range.

Every latitude.

South Atlantic and South 

Pacific.

Do.

Every ocean.

Not widely distributed.

Every ocean.

Do. 

Not in North Pacific.

Mostly in North Atlantic.

North and South Atlantic and South Pacific.

Only few places now, 

North Atlantic.
BAGG.] LIMITS OF DEPTH OF EXISTING REPRESENTATIVES. 15

Table showing Limits of depth of existing representatives of tli.e fossil Foraminif era found in 

the Miocene of California Continued.

Name.

Pol ystoinella crispa ........ .

Pulvinulina brongniartii .....

Rotalia beccarii .............

Sagrina elongata ............

Truncatulina variabilis ......

Truncatulina wuellerstorfi . . .

Uvigerina canariensis. .......

Uvigerina tenuistriata .......

Depth. 

Deep water only, 1,000 to

3,000 fathoms. 

30 to 3, 125 fathoms .......

To 355 fathoms ...........

To 3,000 fathoms .........

lantic known to 500 

fathoms.

300 fathoms.

.....do...................

.....do...................

T)pf*r» wfl f~pr

example, 2,000 fathoms). 

200 to 2, 000 fathoms ......

Shore sands to 1,900 fathoms. 

2 to 2, 500 'fathoms ........

Chief locality.

oceans. 

Widely distributed.

'Every ocean

ters.

Adriatic only so far as

known. . 

Inhabits margins of all

great oceans.

AVirlp f\ rpa

All depths.

("Ir^Ti ciirl Arprl T*Q r*o

Wide area.

Do.

Atlantic, etc.

universal also.

LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED (SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED).

Family TEXTULARID.E.

Subfamily BULIMINJD.

Bulimina affinis d'Orbigny. 

buchiana d'Orbigny. 

elegans d'Orbigny. 

elegantissirna d'Orbigny. 

elongata d'Orbigny. 

ovata d'Orbigny. 

pupoides d'Orbigny.
16 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

DIMORPHOUS FORM.

Bolivina senariensis (Costa), 

dilatata Reuss. 

dilatata var. angusta Egger. 

punctata d'Orbigny. 

punctata var. substriata Egger. 

textilarioides Reuss.

Family LAGENID^E.

Subfamily LAGENIN^E. 

Lagena apiculata Reuss. 

globosa (Montagu), 

gracilis Williamson. 

marginata (Walker and Boys), 

sulcata (Walker and Jacob).

Subfamily NODOSARIISLE.

Nodosaria adolphina d'Orbigny.

com munis (d'Orbigny).

consobrina d'Orbigny.

consobrina var. emaciata Reuss.

farcimen (Soldahi).

filiformis (d'Orbigny).

obliqua (Linns').

pauperata (d'Orbigny).

radicula (Linne").'

roemeri (Neugeboren).

soluta (Reuss). 

Cristellaria articulata (Reuss).

cassis (Fichtel and Moll).

crepidula (Fichtel and Moll).

crepidula var. gladius Philippi.

(Robulina) gerlandi Andreae.

gibba d'Orbigny.

rotulata (Lamarck).

Subfamily POLYMORPHISM.

DIMORPHOUS F6RM.

Uvigerina canariensis d'Orbigny.

pygmsea d'Orbigny.

tenuistriata Reuss. , 

Sagrina branneri Bagg.

californiensis Bagg.

elongata Bagg.

Family GLOBIGERINID^E.

Globigerina bilobata d'Orbigny.

bulloides d'Orbigny.

cretacea d'Orbigny.

dubia Egger.

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. 

Pullenia sphseroides (d'Orbigny).
BAGG.] ' LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED. 17

Family JJOTALIDJS. 

Subfamily ROTALINJE.

Discorbina alloniorphinoides (Reuss). 

Truncatulina lobatula (Walker and Jacob).

pygmsea Hantken.

variabilis d'Orbigny.

wuellerstorfi (Schwager). 

Anomalina ammonoides (Reuss).

ariminensis (d'Orbigny).

grosserugosa (Gumbel).

rotula d'Orbigny. 

Pulvinulina auricula (Fichtel and Moll).

brongniartii (d'Orbigny). 

Rotalia beccarii (Linne").

soldanii (d'Orbigny.)

Family NUMMULINID^. 

Subfamily POLYSTOMELLIN^;.

Nonionina boueana d'Orbigny.

communis d'Orbigny. 

pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll).

umbilicatula (Montagu). 

Polystomella crispa (Linne").

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

AGASSIZ, ALEXANDER. A contribution to American Thalassography. Three cruises 

 of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey steamer Blake. Bull. Mus. 

Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., vols. 14, 15, 1888; and two vols., 8°., London.

 :. Report upon deep-sea dredgings in the Gulf Stream during the third cruise of 

the United States steamer .Bibb. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., vol. 1, 

pp. 363-386. 1867.

ANDREAE, A. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Elsiisser Tertiilrs. Abhandl. Geol. 

Specialkarte Elsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, pp. 331, pis. 12. 1884.

 . Die Forarniniferen-Fauna im Septarienthon von Frankfurt a. M. und .ihre 

vertikale Verteilung. Bericht Senckenbergische naturf. Gesellsch. in Frankfurt 

a. M., pp. 43-51, 2 figs, in text. 1894.

BAGG, R. M. The Cretaceous Foraminifera of New Jersey. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, pp. 89, pis. 6. 1898.

 . The Tertiary and Pleistocene Foraminifera of the "Middle Atlantic Slope. 

Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 68, pis. 3. March, 1898. Ithaca, N. Y. 

Systematic Paleontology, Eocene Protozoa. Maryland Geological Survey,

Eocene, pp. 233-258, pis. Ixii-lxiv. 

BAILEY, J. W. Microscopical examination of soundings made by the United States

Coast Survey of the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Smithsonian Contrib.

Knowledge, vol. 11, art. 3, pp. 15, pi. 1851. 

BBADY, H. B. Report on the Foraminifera dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during

the years 1873-1876. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. IS.

Challenger, vol.9 (Zoology), pp. 814, with volume of pis. 115,

Bull. 268 05 2
18 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FEOM CALIFORNIA. (BULL. 268.

BROECK, ERNEST VAN DEN. Etude sur les Foraminiferes de la Barbade (Antilles) 

recueillis par L. Agassiz, etc. Ann. de la Soc. beige microsc., vol. 11, p. 55, pis. 

ii, iii. 1876. Bruxelles.

BURROWS, H. W. The Foraminifera of the Thanet beds of Pegwell Bay. Proc. Geol. 

Assoc., vol. 15, pts. 1, 2, 1897, pis. 5. 1897.

BURROWS, CHAPMAN, and BAILEY. The Foraminifera of the Bed Chalk of Yorkshire, 

Norfolk, and Lincolnshire. Jour.' Koy. Microsc. Soc., pp. 549-566, pis. viii-xi. 

1890. London.

CARPENTER, W. B., PARKER, and JONES. Introduction to the Study of the Foraminifera. Ray Society, 4°, pp. 319, pis. 22. 1862. London.

CHAPMAN, FREDERICK. Foraminifera from the Tertiary of California. Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, pp. 241-260, pis. xix, xxx. 1900. San 

Francisco.

DERVIEUX. EKMANNO. Le Cristellarie terziarie del Piemonte. Boll. Soc. geol. 

italiana, vol. 10, No. 1, with one plate. Roma.

 . II genere Cristellaria Lamarck, studiato nelle sue specie. Boll. Soc. geol. 

italiana, vol. 10, pp. 557-642. 1892. Roma.

 . Le Nodosarie tertiarie del Piemonte. Boll. Soc. geol. italiana, vol. 12, pt.

4, pp. 597-626, pi. v. 1893. Roma.

EGGER, JOHANN GEORG. Foraminiferen aus den Meeresgrundproben gelothet von 

1874 bis 1876 von B. M. S. Gazelle. Abhandl. K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., pp. v+266, 

pis. 21. 1893.

 . Fossile Foraminiferen von Monte Bartolomeo am Gardasee. Jahrsber.

Naturhist. Vereins Passau, vol. 16, 1895, pis. 5. 

D'ORBIGNY, A. D. Voyage dans 1'Ame'rique Meridionale. Foraminiferes, vol. 5, pt.

5, pp. 86, pis. 9. 1839. Paris and Strasburg.

 . Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne. Pis. 21. 1846. 

PARKER, W. K., and JONES, T. R. On some Foraminifera from the North Atlantic

and Arctic oceans, etc. Philos. Trans., vol. 155, pp. 325-441, pis. xii-xix. 1865.

London. 

SCHUBERT, RICH. JOH. Ueber die Foraminiferenfauna und Verbreitung des nordmahrischen Miocantegels. Sitzungsber. Deutsch. naturw.-med. Vereines fur

Bohmen "Lotos." -1900. pis. 2. 

SHERBORN, C. D. A Bibliography of the Foraminifera, Recent and Fossil. From

1565-1888. 1888. London.

 . An Index to the Genera and Species of the Foraminifera. (Part I) Smithsonian Misc. Coll., No. 856, Nov., 1893; (Part II) ditto, No. 1031, Feb., 1896. 

8°. Washington. 

TOUTKOWSKI, PAUL. Index bibliographique de la litterature sur les Foraminiferes

vivants et fossiles. (1888-1898.) 1898.

. N. B. Only the more important reports are given in this bibliographic list. A 

fuller account of American papers in which reference to Foraminifera is made is 

found in the author's preceding papers referred to in the above list.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES.

Family TBXTULARID^.

Subfamily BULIMINA.

Genus BULIMINA d'Orbigny (1826).

BULIMINA AFFINIS d'Orbigny.

PL II, fig. 1

Bulimina affinis d'Orbigny, 1839, De la Sagra, Hist. Physiq., etc., de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 105, pi. ii, figs. 25, 26.

Bulimina ovulum Reuss, 1850, Haidinger's Naturw. Abhandl., vol. 4, p. 38, pi. iv, fig. 9. 

Bulimina affinis Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 4'00, 401, pi. 1, figs. 14a, b. 

Bulimina affinis Sherborn and Chapman, 1886, Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc., ser. 2, vol. 6,

p. 743, pi. xvi, fig. 1. 

Bulimina affinis Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, pp. 14, 1.5,

pi. iv, figs. 4, 5. 

Bulimina affinis Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, p.

244, pi. xxix, fig. 4.

Bulimina affinis in its ovate character and few chambers resembles 

B. ovata d'Orbign}^ and B. pupoides d'Orbign}^. The arrangement of 

chambers in B. affinis is, however, more tapering at the distal end, 

while B. pupoides has -shorter segments. The species occurs frequently in the California Miocene. Its geological range is very 

extensive, as it is found in the lower Greensand of the English Cretaceous. At the present time it is found in the North Pacific and west 

of Patagonia. D'Orbigny's single specimen came from the shore sands 

of Cuba.

BULIMINA BUCHIANA d'Orbigny.

PI. II, fig. 2.

Bulimina buchiana d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p.' 186, pi. xi, figs. 15-18. 

Bulimina buchiana Carpenter, Parker, and Jones, 1862, Introd. Study Foram.,

pi. xii, fig. 19. 

Bulimina buchiana Brady, 1384, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 407, 408, pi. li, figs.

. 18, 19. 

Bulimina buchiana Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 11, No. 10, pp. 315, H16,

. pi. xxii (2), fig. 4.

Bulimina buchiana Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, 

pp. 244, 245, pi. xxix, fig. 5.

10
20 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA F.ROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

Test short and stout, triserial, tapering; posterior end acutely 

rounded, anterior, obtuse; segments distinct, slightly inflated; surface 

of shell marked by definite longitudinal costte, which extend with 

varying lengths two-thirds or less upward from initial chamber. In 

typical forms these reach to within one-third the end of the final 

segment.

The length and size of this species are variable, but the stoutly built 

form and surface decoration serve to identify it. Sometimes, as in the 

California specimens, the striee are so delicate as only to be visible in 

reflected light, while again, as in the specimens the author found in 

well borings at Norfolk, Va., they are large, deep, and remarkably 

sharp.

The geological range of the species is from Eocene to Recent. 

. Prof. H. B. Brady remarks that this species Inhabits fairly deep 

water, and further adds that while it is ab.undant in the North Atlantic 

it has not been found in the North Pacific. He considers that Bulimina 

inftata and Bulimina rostrata are closely related to the present species. 

Compared with the present form, Bulimina inftata is of similar size, 

but the. costte are short and are extended beyond the margin of the 

chambers in the form of spines; Bulimina rostrata is smaller, has 

indistinct segmentation, and the costa; cover the entire shell.

BULIMINA ELEGANS d'Orbigny. 

Pi. n, fig. 3.

Bulimina elegans d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 270, No. 10,

 Modele No. 9. 

Bulimina elegans Parker, Jones, and Brady, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol.

16, p. 20, pi. ii, fig. 64. . .. 

Bulimina elegans Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 398, pi. 1, figs. 1-4. 

Bulimina elegans Jones, 1895, Mon. Foram. Crag, pt., 2 (Pal. Soc.), pp. 162, 163,

woodcut, fig. 17. . . Bulimina elegans Woodward, 1898, Jour. New York Microsc. Soc., pp. 1, 3. 

Bulimina elegans Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 244, pi. xxix, fig. 3.

Test small, with rapidly expanding triserial chambers, which are 

globose, with deep depressions between each. Professor Bradj^ considered this form as a central type of a somewhat numerous group of 

recent Buliminge. .

The geological range of the species is from Upper Cretaceous to 

Recent.

Mr. Chapman describes it from the upper Chalk, Egger from the 

older Pliocene, T. Rupert Jones from the Pliocene of England, and 

Woodward from the Miocene of New Jersey and Alabama. The species is common in the California Miocene material.
BAGG.] DESCBIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 21

BULIMINA ELEGANTISSIMA d'Orbigny. 

PI. II, fig. 4.

Bulimina elegantissima d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Arne'rique Me"rid., p. 51, pi. vii, figs.

13, 14. 

Bulimina elegantissima Williamson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Britain, p. 64, pi. v,.

figs. 134, 135. . 

Bulimina pulchra Terquem, 1882, Me"m. Soc. G6ol. France, se"r. 3, vol. 2, rn<§m. 3,

p. 114, pi. xii, figs. 8-12. 

Bulimina elegantissima Brady, 1884, Challenger' Report, vol. 9, pp. 402, 403, pi. 1.

figs. 20-22.

Bulimina elegantissima Woodward, 1898, Jour. New York Microsc. Soc., p. 3. 

Bulimina elegantissima Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No.

8, p. 243, pi. xxix, fig. 2.

"The test of Bulimina elegantissima, as portrayed by d'Orbigny, 

is distinctly and regularly spiral. It consists of from two to three 

convolutions, the last of which occupies more than three-fourths of 

the visible shell. The chambers number from seven to ten in the 

final whorl; the}r are long in the direction of the axis of the test, narrow and obliquely set, and the sutures are only slightly excavated.""

The California forms which belong under this species are smaller 

than some of the other Buliminte associated with it, and their chambers are not so definitely arranged in triserial oblique spire as in the 

more typical forms. The species is not uncommon, and Chapman 

states that it is frequent in the Miocene of Santa Clara County, Cal.

As a fossil it is first recorded from the Eocene of the Isle of Wight 

(Brady), in the Eocene of Paris (Terquem), and in the post-Tertiary 

clays of Norway. It is found at very shallow depths in existing 

oceans. .

BULIMINA ELONGATA d'Orbigny.

PI. II, fig. 5. .

Bulimina elongata d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 269, No. 9- 

Bulimina elongata d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 187, pi. xi, figs. 19, 20. 

Bulimina eocena ,Hantken, 1872, Jahr. K. ungar. geol. Anstalt, vol. 1, p. 136, pi. ii,

fig. 16. . . 

Bulimina elongata Hantken, 1875 (1876), A magy. kir. foldt. int. evkonyve, vol. 4,

p. 52, pi. x, fig. 7. 

Bulimina elongata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 401, 402> pi. li, figs. 1

(and 2?).'

Bulimina elongata Woodward, 1898, Jour. New York Microsc. Soc., p. 1. 

Bulimina elongata Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, p. 316. 

Bulimina elongata Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 243, pi. xxix, fig. 1. 

The test of Bulimina elongata is, as its name implies, much attenuated, though it tapers but slightly from end to end. The segments are

« Brady, Challenger Keport, vol. 9,1884, p. 402.
22 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 26S.

short, oval, and somewhat irregularly arranged with lobulated margins, not smooth as in 13. i-mbricata Reuss, which it somewhat resembles. The primordial end is sharply, the anterior obtusely, rounded, 

with numerous chambers of irregular size separated by depressed 

septa. The ultimate chamber is provided on its lower surface with a 

comma-shaped aperture.

This is a very common form in the-California Miocene. As a fossil 

its earliest appearance is in the lower Tertiary. Brady mentions the 

species at depths of 630 fathoms in the North Atlantic and of 1,425 

fathoms in the South Atlantic.

BULIMINA OVATA d'Orbigny. 

PL III, fig. 1.

Bulimina ovata d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 185, pi. xi, figs. 13, 14. 

Bulimina pedunculata Costa, 1856, Atti Accacl. Pontaniana, vol. 7, p. 334, pi. xviii,

fig. 13. 

Bulimina ovata Parker and Jones, 1865, Philos. Trans., vol. 155, p. 374, pi. xvii,

fig. 67a, 67b.

Bulimina.ovata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 400, pi. 1, fig. 13a, b. 

Bulimina ovata Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist, Ver. Passau, vol. 16, p. 15, pi. iii,

fig. Ha, b.

The test is characterized by its oval outline. From the cylindrical 

center the shell tapers rapidly at each end and these are rounded', not 

pointed as in Bulimina affinis. This species is less frequent than B. 

affinis, which it closely resembles. Its geological distribution begins 

with the Eocene and it is common in shore sands of the British Isles. 

In the North Atlantic it occurs at various depths down to 1,400 

fathoms. In the South Atlantic, Brady records its occurrence as deep

as 2,200 fathoms and in the South Pacific at from 3 5 to 580 fathoms.

\

BULIMINA PUPOIDES d'Orbigny. 

PI. Ill, fig. 2.

Buliminapupoides d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 185, pi. xi, figs. 11, 12. 

Bulimina pupoides Williamson, 1858, Recent Forani. Great Britain, p. 62, pi. v, figs.

124, 125. 

Bulimina pupoides Terrigi, 1880, Atti Accad. Pontificia Nuovi Lincei, vol. 33, p. 193,

pi. ii, figs. 30-34.

Bulimina pupoides Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 400, 401, pi. 1, fig. 15a, b. 

Bulimina pupoides Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, p. 14, pi.

iv, figs. 6a, 6b, 7, 8. '

Test composed of rapidly enlarging oval segments arranged spiral!}7 

and with depressed septal lines between each. The initial chamber is 

riot as sharp and the termination is-less acute than in .Bulimina affinis, 

which it closely resembles. It is not so regularly built as Bulimina 

ovata and the segments are more distinct and separate. The three 

forms are so nearly related that it is difficult to 'decide with certain t}7
BAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 23

into which division the specimens should be placed. It would have 

been wise to have made these forms varieties of oue species, but they 

have been held as distinct so long and by so many authors that it 

seems best to keep them as species still. This form is rare as compared with other types in the California Miocene. The species has a 

length of 0.25 mm. Geologically the species has the same range as 

its relatives, but Woodward and Thomas report it in the Cretaceous of 

Minnesota. The shallow-water deposits of many oceans yield specimens of Buliminapupoides, and it ranges from shoal depths down to 

1,000 fathoms.

Genus BOLIVINA d'Orbigny (1839).

BOLIVINA ^ENAKIENSIS (Costa).

PL III, fig. 3.

.Brizalina xnariemis Costa, 1856, Atti Accad. Pontaniaria, vol. 7, p. 297, pi. xv, fig.

1, A, B.

Bolivina imariensis Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 423, pi. liii, figs. 10, 11. 

Bolivina xnariensis Jones, 1895, Mon. Foram. Crag (Pal. Soc.), pt. 2, pp. 169, 170,

pi. vi, fig. 21. 

Bolir/ma imarienm Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 246, pi. xxix, fig. 8.

The genus .Bolivina is one of the most common types found in the 

California Miocene and it is represented by many species. The form 

described by Costa under the term Brizalina has a fairly regular outline, elongated, tapering, and having the surface marked by lines which 

resemble delicate costte, but which are said to be due to two tubular 

internal siphons. The striae in the California specimens run about 

two-thirds up and are very delicate and not easily discernible. The 

presence of striations, the sharp peripheral margin, and the elongated 

flattened outline aiford means of identifying this shallow-water species.

At the present time the best specimens, according to Prof. H. B. 

Brady, come from the North Atlantic, but the species is found northwest of Ireland, in the Faroe Channel, near the Philippine Islands., on 

the south coast of Japan, and at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata. 

Mr. Chapman's specimens were from a well in Santa Clara County, 

Cal. Costa's specimens were from the Tertiary beds of Casamicciola, 

Ischia.

The geological range is from the Miocene to Recent, but the form 

is more abundant in the middle and late Tertiary.

BOLIVINA DILATATA Reuss.

PI. Ill, fig. 4.

Bolivina dilatata, Reuss, 1849, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 1, p. 381, pi.

xlviii, fig. 15. 

Bolir/ma, dilatata Terrigi, 1880, Atti Accad. Pontificia Nnovi Lincei, vol. 33, p. 1!)7, pi.

ii, fig. 42.
24 . MIOCENE FORAMINI.FERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

Bolivina dilatata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 418, pi. Hi, figs. 20, 21. 

Bolivina dilatata Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, pp. 10, 11,

pi. i, figs. 6a-c. 

Bolivina dilatata Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 245, pi. xxix, fig. 6.

The test of Bolivina dilatata is broadly expanded at its final segment, and the long rather narrow intermediate chambers taper rapidly 

to the initial chamber. The lateral margins terminate acutely, and 

the form varies considerably in size, length, and amount of expansion, but the fossil specimens so abundant in the California Miocene 

are typical.

As a fossil Bolivina dilatata first appears in the Miocene, and is 

living to-day at various stations in the North Atlantic Ocean. It occurs 

in dredgings from a few to 1,180 fathoms.

BOLIVINA DILATATA var. ANGUSTA Egger. 

PI, III, fig. 5.

Bolivina, dilatata var. angusta Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, 

p. 11, pi. i, figs. 7, 12a, b. .

Bolivina dilatata var. angusta Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 

vol. 1, No. 8, p. 245, pi. xxix,. fig. 7.

The variety of Bolivina dilatata figured by Egger under the name 

angusta differs from the type on\y in the unimportant features of a 

longer, more tapering test, an increased number of lateral chambers, 

and more acute ending of the distal chamber. Egger's forms were 

from the Pliocene of Monte Bartolomeo. The variety is a little less 

frequent than the type in the California Miocene.

BOLIVINA PUNCTATA d'Orbigny.

PI. Ill, fig. 6.

Bolivina punctata d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Ame'rique Me"rid., p. 63, pi. viii, figs. 10-12. 

'Bolivina anliqua d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 240, pi. xiv, figs. 11-13. 

Bolivina punctata Macdonald, 1857, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 20, p. 193, pi.

vi, figs. 26, 27.

Bolivina punctata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 417, pi. Hi, figs. 18, 19. 

Bolivina punctata Woodward and Thomas, 1884 (1885), Thirteenth Ann. Rept.'Geol.

Nat. Hist. Survey Minnesota, p. 169, pi. iii, fig. 12. 

Bolivina punctata Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 33, pi. ii, fig. 3.

The test .of Bolivina punctata is typically represented by an elongated textulariform arrangement of short chambers and the segments 

are more numerous than in most of the Bolivina forms. The term 

Bolivina antigua has been used by d'Orbigny, Bronn, Costa, Egger, 

Terrigi, and perhaps others for this same species, but it seems best to 

the writer to regard B. antigua as a synonym of the earlier name
BAGG.i DESCRIPTIONS or THE SPECIES. 25

given by d'Orbigny. The specimen d'Orbigny described as B. antiqua 

is undoubtedly only a modification of B. punctata^nd there is no good 

ground for separating the two even under varieties.

This species is from the Tertiary to the Recent. It occurs to-day 

in all oceans and at all possible depths.

BOLIVINA PUNCTATA var. SUBSTRIATA Egger.

PI. Ill, fig. 7.

Bolivina punctata var. substriata Egger, 1893, Abhandl. K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., p.

298, pi. viii, figs. 4-6. 

Bolivina punctata var. substriata Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol.

16, p. 11, pi. i, fig. 14, a,b. .

The form figured by Egger as a variety of B. punctata differs from 

the type by the presence of a number of striations which run from the 

primordial chamber for about one-half the distance of the entire shell. 

The forms from California are more slender than B. punctata and are 

less abundant. The geological range is similar to that of B. punctata.

BOLIVINA TEXTILARIOIDES Reuss.

Pi. IV, fig. l. .

Bolivina texlilarioides Reuss, 1862, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 46, p. 81,

. pi. x, fig. 1. 

Bolivina texlilarioides (textularioides) Berthelin, 1880, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3,

vol. 1, p. 28, pi. i (xxiv), fig. 5. 

Bolivina texlilarioides Terrigi, 1883, Atti Accad. -Pontiticia Nuovi Lincei. vol. 35,

p. 191, pi. iii, fig. 32.

Bolivina texlilarioides Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 419, pi. lii, figs. 23-25. 

Bolimna texlilarioides Brady, Parker, and Jones, 1888, Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. 12, pt. 7,

p. 221, pi! xliii, fig. 1. 

Bolivina lextilarioides (textularioides) Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau,'

vol. 16, p. 12, pi. i, fig. 8. .

Bolivina textilarioides is shorter and considerabty broader than Bolivina punctata or B. antiqua, which it closely resembles. Is has 

chambers less high or arched and the margin is more nearly round. 

Chambers vary from six to eight on each side and the shell in general 

appearance resembles Textularia, but the test is calcareous with fine 

but very distinct pores. The original spelling of the species is textilarioides, not textularioides as is adopted by many authors. The original name should stand, although Reuss used the old spelling for the 

species, evidently after Textularia, the well-known genus which the 

species resembles. The fossil is rather rare in the California Miocene. 

Its geological range extends from the Cretaceous through the Tertiary, 

and at the present day it is found in many localities in comparatively 

shoal waters and occasionally at considerable depths.
26 MIOCENE FORAMINIFEKA FEOM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

Family 

Subfamily LAGENIN^E. 

Genus LAGENA Walker and Boys (1784). 

LAGENA APICULATA Reuss.

PL IV, fig. 2.

Oolina apiculata Reuss, 1850, Haidinger's Naturvv. Abhandl., vol. 4, p. 22, pi. i, fig. 1. 

Lagena apiculala Reuss, 1862, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 46, p. 319,

pi. i, fig. 1. 

LagerM apiculata Jones, Parker, and Brady, 1866, Foram. Crag, Pal. Soc., vol. 19,

p. 44, pi. i, fig. 27.

Lagena apiculata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 453, pi. Ivi, figs. 4, 15-18. 

Lagena apiculata Sherborn and Chapman, 1886, Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc., ser. 2, vol.

6, p. 744, pi. xiv, fig. 14.

This form is found more frequently in fossil beds than an}^ other 

species of Lagena, occurring as far back as the Lias and extending to 

the present. It is present in all oceans and at every depth down to 

nearly 3,000 fathoms. The form is similar to Lagena globosa, but is 

separated from it by the spinous prolongation on the posterior portion 

of the shell. The short diameter of the only specimen of this species 

in the present collection measures 0.15 mm.

LAGENA GLOBOSA (Montagu). 

PI. IV, fig. 3.

Vermiculum globosum Montagu, 1803, Test, Brit., p. 523.

Enlosolenia globosa Parker and Jones, 1857, Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 19,

p. 278, pi. xi, figs. 25-29. 

Entosolenia globosa Williamson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Britain, p. 8, pi. i, figs.

15, 16. - 

Lagena globosa Reuss, 1863, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 46, p. 318, pi. i,

figs. 1-3.

Lagena globosa Terquem, 1876, Anim. Plage Dunkerque (2), p. 67, pi. vii, figs. 3, 4. 

Lagena globosa Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 452, 453, pi. Ivi, figs. 1, 2, 3. 

Lagena globosa Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont./vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 317, 318.

Test subglobular, elliptical or pyriform, smooth, anterior margin 

somewhat projecting; cell w-alls thin, hyaline, aperture typically an 

entosolenian neck. It was discovered by the writer in the Pleistocene 

marl of Cornfield Harbor, Md., and the California Miocene has furnished one specimen. Its geological range is from the Jura to the 

present; it is possible that it existed in Carboniferous time. It is 

known in every ocean and at all depths.
KAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 27

LAGENA GRACILIS Willianison.

PL IV, fig. 4.

Lagena graciiis Willianison, 1848, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 1, p. 13, pi. i,

figs. 3, 4. 

Lagena graciiis Reuss, 1862, Sitzungsber. K. Akacl. Wiss. Wien., vol. 46, p. 331,

pi. iv, figs. 58-61; pi. v, fig. 62. 

Lagena graciiis Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 464, pi. Iviii, figs. 2; 3, 7--10,

19,22-24.

This finely costate or striated Lagena is much longer than Lagena 

sulcata, and is further distinguished by the presence of a small spine 

at the distal end. The neck is long, tubular, and in our specimen, 

there are only a few striations along the shell surface. Brady considers the typical forms a modification . of Lagena clavata. The only 

specimen in the present collection is 0.2 mm. in length.

It is of world-wide distribution at the present day, and is usually 

found in shallow waters, but it is known in many instances to occur as 

deep as 2,775 fathoms in the South Atlantic Ocean. Its geological 

range is from Cretaceous to Recent.

LAGENA MARGINATA (Walker and Boys). 

Pi. IV, fig. 5.

Serpula marginata Walker and Boys, 1784, Test. Min., p. 2, pi. i, fig. 7. 

Vermiculummarginalum Montagu, 1803, Test. Brit., p. 524.

Ooiina compressa d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Am6rique M6rid., p. 18, pi. v, figs. 1, 2. 

Lagena salcata var. marginata Parker and Jones, 1865, Philos. Trans., vol. 155,

p. 355, pi. xiii, figs. 42-44; pi. xvi, fig. 12a, b. 

Lagena marginata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 476,477, pi. lix, figs.

21-23.

The interesting species Lagena marginata Avas observed in the California Miocene, but unfortunately the single specimen was lost in 

transferring and no duplicate was discovered.

The form observed was similar to fig. 22, pi. lix, Challenger Report. 

The test of Lagena marginata\s oval or rounded in outline, with more 

or less lateral compression, and with the periphery ending in a carina, 

or double ridge or groove, or in exceptional cases extended into a flangelike lamella, with a width of one-third the diameter of the shell. 

Aperture is an external fissurine opening, extending from an entosolenian neck. The species is widely distributed at the present time, 

being found from the most northern arctic waters southward, to the 

Antarctic Circle, and at eveiy depth down to 3,125 fathoms.

As a fossil it first appears in the Cretaceous, and is described from 

every subsequent formation.
28 MIOCENE FOEAMINIFERA PROM CALIFOBNIA. [BULL. 268.

LAGENA SULCATA (Walker and Ja.cob).

PI. IV, fig. 6.

Serpula sulcata Walker and Jacob, 1798, Adam's Essays, Kanmacher's ed., p. 634,

pi. xiv, fig. 5.

Ovulina sulcata Seguenza, 1862, Foram. Monotal. Messina, p. 41, pi. i, fig. 8. 

Lagena sulcata Parker and Jones, 1865, Philos. Trans., vol. 155, p. 351, pi. xiii, figs.

24m, 28-32; pi. xvi, figs. 6, 7. 

Lagena sulcata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 462, 463, pi. Ivii, figs. 23,

26, 33, 34; apiculate forms, pi. Iviii, figs. 4, 17, 18. 

Lagena sulcata, Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 246, pi. xxix, fig. 9.

The species includes noncompressed forms which have their surface 

ornamented by longitudinal costse. Only one specimen was found, 

the California Miocene, and it has about ten or twelve delicate superficial striations distinctly visible under low power. The form is 

elongated oval with a slightly extended aperture of the tissurine type.

Geologically the form is one of the oldest types of Lagena known, 

and has been discovered in upper Silurian shales at Woolhope by 

John Smith. It is known in every latitude at depths of from a few 

down to 2,750 fathoms, though the species is normally present in 

shallow waters.

Subfamily NODOSARIN^E.

Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck (1816).

NODOSARIA ADOLPirrNA d'Orbigiiy.

PI. V, fig. 1.

Dentalina adolphina. d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 51, pi. ii, figs. 18-20. 

Dentalina adolphina Bornemann, 1855, Zeitschr. Deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 7, p.

324, pi. xiii, fig. 5. 

Dentalina adolphina Sherborn and Chapman, 1886, Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc., ser. 2,

vol. 6, p. 750, pi. xv, figs, lla, b, 12. 

Nodosaria adolphina Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 37 (spelled

erroneously adolphinula). 

Nodosaria adolphina Chapman, 1900, Proc. Acad. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1,

No. 8, p. 249, pi. xxix, fig. 16. .

In large typical specimens of N. adolphina the segments are ornamented upon the posterior margin by spines, but in the California 

forms these appear to be wanting and the shells are apparently J7 oung 

and very minute. The peculiar shape of the constrictions and segmentation serves to furnish a basis for the placing of these California 

. specimens under the above-named species. The species occurs from 

the Cretaceous to Recent, but is chiefty found in the .Tertiary.
BAGG.] . DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 29

NODOSAKIA COMMUNIS (d'Orbigny).

 . PL V, fig. 2.

Dentalina communis ?d'0rbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 254,

No. 35. 

 Dentalina communis d'Orbigny, 1840, Mem. Soc. Ge"ol. France, vol. 4, p. 13, pi. i,

fig. 4. ' '..' 

Nodosaria communis Reuss, 1845, Verstein. bohm. Kreid., pt. 1, p. 28, pi. xii, fig. 21. 

Dentalina communis Reuss, 1860, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 40,

p. 186. 

Dentalina legumen Reuss, 1860, Sitzurigsber. K. Akad. Wigs. Wien, vol. 40, p. 186. 

Nodosaria communis Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 504,- 505, pi. Ixii,

figs. 19-22. ' 

Nodosaria communis Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, p. 20,

pi. ii, figs. 1, 2.

Only one specimen of Nodosaria communis was found in the material 

under investigation. This has but three segments, and is probably a 

young form. It is 0.4 mm. long. The segments are obliquely set, 

marked by depressed septa, not flush as in JV. roemeri, and the shell is 

slightly arcuate as in typical specimens of greater length. The geological distribution of the species is, from the Permian to Recent, like 

N. farcimen. It is found to-day at ever}' depth and in every latitude.

NODOSARIA CONSOBRINA d'Orbigny. 

PI. V, fig. 3.

Denlaiina, consobrina d'Orbigny, 1846> Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 46, pi. ii, figs. 1-3. 

Dentalina consobrina Neugeboren, 1856, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 12,

. p. 86, pi. iii, fig. 15.

Nodosaria consobrina Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 501, pi. Ixii, figs. 

23, 24.

The typical forms of Nodosaria consobrina are marked b}^ smooth, 

attenuate, elongated shells with frequently irregular chambers, which 

are not as compactly built as in the variety of this species, and with a 

more enlarged ultimate and initial chambers, the latter often provided 

with a spine, as in d'Orbigny's original figure. There are only a few 

specimens of this species in the California Miocene. They are more 

regular than t}^pical forms, and there is "no terminal spine upon the 

primordial segment. The shells are similar to JV. consobrina var. 

emaciata, but the smaller number of chambers and their larger size 

may be used to distinguish the two forms.

The geological and geographical range is similar to the variety 

emaciata, described on page 30. The broken segments of the specimens with eight chambers are 0.8 mm. in length.
30 MIOCENE FORAMIFIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BOLL. 26S.

NODOSARIA CONSOBRINA Vai'. EMACIATA ReUSS. 

PI. V, fig. 4.

Dentalina emadata Reuss, 1851, Zeitschr. Deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 3, p. 63, pi. iii,

fig. 9. 

Nodosaria (]).} consobrina var. emadata Reuss, 1865, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss.

Wien, vol. 25, p. 132, pi. ii, figs. 12, 13. 

Nodosaria consobrina var. emadata Bracly, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 502, pi.

Ixii, figs. 25, 26.

Nodosaria consobrina var. emadata Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 38. 

Nodosaria consobrina var. emadata Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No.

10, p. 319.

Test very long-, smooth, tapering- gracefully, with numerous compact, closely set segments, only slightly expanding, separated by septa 

but little depressed, set straight across the chambers. Similar to 

Nodosaria consobrina, but more slender and elongated and with more 

chambers in proportion to its length. Initial segment neatly rounded, 

but little marked off from the second and third chambers, which can 

not be easily distinguished. Only a few specimens are present in the 

California Miocene. The species is found in all rocks from Cretaceous 

to Recent.

Brady, in the Challenger Report, states that the species is living in 

the North Atlantic at depths of from 290 to 725 fathoms; in the South 

Atlantic at 350 fathoms; off the Cape of Good Hope at 150 fathoms, 

and in the South Pacific from 129 to 1,375 fathoms. No specimens 

were obtained by the Challenger from the North Pacific. Length of 

broken specimen of ten chambers is 1.1 mm.

NODOSAKIA FARCIMEN (Soldani). 

PI. V, fig. 5.

Orthoceras fardmen Soldani, 1791, Testaceographia, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 98, pi. cv, fig. 0. 

Dentalina fardmen Reuss, 1861 (1863), Bull. Acad. Roy. Belgique, se"r. 2, vol.

15, p. 146, pi. i, fig. 18. 

Nodosaria fardmen Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 498, 499, pi. Ixii, figs.

17, 18, and woodcuts, p. 499.

Nodosaria fardmen Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, pp. 38, 39. 

Nodosaria fardmen Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 25, 26,

pi. i, fig, 2. 

Nodosaria fardmen .Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 248, pi. xxix, fig. 13.

The test of Nodosaria fardmen consists of a small number of smooth 

segments (generally less than ten) separated b}^ straight instead of 

oblique septa, as in N. com/munis, which the species resembles. The 

chambers are longer than in N. soluta, and in the typical forms constricted rather deeply, each succeeding chamber enlarging rapidly. 

The shell is curved and the nipple-shaped aperture is located on the 

inner margin of the curve in a prolongation of the ultimate segment.
BAGO.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 31

The length is extremely variable, being 2.82 mm. in the Cretaceous 

specimens and only 1.10 mm. in the Maryland Eocene. The California 

forms are smaller yet, and are so fragile that entire specimens are 

extremely difficult to obtain. The best form in the present collection 

has eight segments. The geological age of the species goes back to 

the Permian, and in existing seas it is known at almost every depth 

and in every ocean.

NODOSAKIA FILIFORMIS (d'Orbigny). 

PI. V, fig. 6:

Nodosaria filiformis d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, No. 14,

p. 253. 

Nodosaria filiformis Brady, 1884, Challenger Eeport, vol. 9, p. 500, pi. Ixiii, figs. 3-5,

The type represented by Nodosaria filiformis has been described 

under a variety of names which are given in the list of references in 

the Challenger Report. . This synonymy is probably incomplete.

The shell is very long, slender, delicately built, slightly curved, 

and with many short, oval, smooth segments which taper gracefully to 

the primordial end. The septa are straight, depressed, not obliquely 

set as in N. com munis and the ultimate chamber is prolonged into a 

nipple-shaped aperture.

This species is not uncommon in the California Miocene, but only 

fragments can be obtained. It is found in the Lias and every succeeding formation. It occurs in dredgings from a depth of a few feet 

to about 500 fathoms, but is not widely distributed.

NODOSAKIA OBLTQUA (Liline). 

PI. V, fig. 7

Nautilus obliquus Linn<§, 1767, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., pp. 281, 1163; 1788, ibid., 13th

(Gmelin's) ed., p. 3372, No. 14.

Orthocera obliqua Lamarck, 1822, Anim. sans Vert., vol. 7, No. 4, p. 594. 

Dentalina obliqua Jones, Parker, and Brady, 1866, Foram. Crag, Pal. Soc., vol. 19, p. 54,

pi. i, fig. 9. 

Nodosaria obliqua- Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 513, 514, pi. Ixiv, figs.

20-22.

Nodosaria obliqua Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 41. 

Nodosaria obliqua Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, p. 320. 

Nodosaria obliqua Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 249, pi. xxix, fig. 17.

This species is exceeding!}7 variable in size, length, and arcuate 

character, but the obliquely set striations, which run in more or less 

conflicting ends, together with the distinct ventricose segments with 

depressed septa, serve as sufficient aids in the determination .of. even 

fragments of this interesting species. If, as Brad}7 and other authors 

have done? we include all forms with very numerous oblique stria-
32 MIOCENE FORAM1NIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [HUM,. 268.

tions, such as Dentalina confluens, Nodosaria sulcata Nilsson, Dentalina 

steenstrupi Reuss, etc., the synonymy becomes enormous. The species 

first appears in the lower Lias and is present in increasing numbers 

in all subsequent formations. In existing oceans it is found in every 

sea and at all possible depths down to 2,000 fathoms.

The California specimens of Nodosarise, are nearly always broken 

and compared with the forms found in the New Jersey Cretaceous are 

exceedingly small. Nbdosaria- obligua is one of the rarest species 

found by the writer in the material submitted from California. This 

species was also found in material from the calcareous Tejon beds near 

New Idria, in De los Reyes Can}ron, given to the author by Mr. T. W. 

Stanton, of the United States Geological Survey.

NODOSARIA PAUPERATA (d'Orbigny).

Pi. V, fig. 8.

Dentalinapauperata d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 46, pi. i, figs. 57, 58. 

Dentalina pauperata Bornemann, 1855, Zeitschr. Deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 7, p. 324,

pi. xiii, fig. 7. 

Dentalina pauperata Jones and Parker, 1860, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol.

16, p. 453, pi. xix, fig. 22.

Nodosaria pauperata Brady, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 500, woodcuts a, b, c. 

Dentalina pauperata Sherborn and Chapman, 1886, Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc., ser. 2.

vol. 6, p. 750, pi. xv, fig. 9. 

Nodosaria pauperata Jones, 1896, Mon. Foram. Crag, pt. 3, 1895, pp. 224-226, pi. i,

figs. 13-18, 20.

Nodosaria pauperata Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 42. 

Nodosaria pauperata Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 247, pi. xxix, fig. 12.

Test smooth, somewhat arcuate, tapering very slightly and with 

chambers of nearly uniform size, with little or no constrictions in 

lower portion. The sutures become more pronounced at the ultimate 

end. In the California specimens the initial segment is enlarged and 

the posterior rounded, not aciculate as in some of the specimens placed 

under this species. The geological range begins with the Lias and 

extends to the present. Found at all depths and in all oceans.

NODOSARIA RADICULA (Linne). 

PL V, fig. 9.

Nautilus radicula Linne", 1767, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., pp. 285, 1164; 1788; Gmelin's

ed., vol. 1, pt. 6, p. 3373, No. 18.

Nautilus radicula Montagu, 1803, Test. Brit., p. 197, pi. vi, fig. 4. Nodosaria radicula d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 252, No. 3,

Modele No. 1.

Nodosaria radicula Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 495, pi. Ixi, figs. 28-31. 

Nodosaria radicula Agassiz, 1888, Three Cruises "Blake," vol. 2, p. 166, fig. 504. 

Nodosaria radicula Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 42. 

Nodosaria radicula Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 247, pi. xxix, fig. 11.
BAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 33

The test of Nodosaria radicula is characterized by a straight, closely 

built shell of but few chambers, having a smooth surface and straight 

septa. The chambers are globular, constricted, and relative^ large in 

proportion to the length of the shell as compared with some of the 

more tapering Nodosariae. The California forms have the primordial 

chamber slightly enlarged, and in some specimens there are six or 

seven chambers preserved, although every one of them examined is 

broken. The constrictions become more pronounced toward the ultimate segment. The specimens obtained by the writer from the Ne'w 

Jersey Cretaceous measured 2 mm. in length. The California forms 

are much smaller. Brady, in the Challenger Report, speaks of the distribution of the species as follows: (i Nodosaria radicula has a wide 

area of distribution. It is found in the Arctic seas, and on the shores 

of Norway and of the British islands; in the North Atlantic, from 

shallow water to a depth of 1,360 fathoms; in the South Atlantic as 

deep as 2,350 fathoms, and- in the South Pacific from 37 to 1,100 

fathoms, and it also occurs in the Adriatic. It has not been observed 

in the North Pacific."

Its fossil range dates from the Permian, and it is known throughout 

the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations in many regions.

NODOSARIA ROEMERI (Neugeboren).

PI. V, fig. 10.

Dentalina roemeri Neugeboren, 1856, Denksch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 12, p. 82,

pi. ii, figs. 13-17.

Nodosaria roemeri Keuss, 1870, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, -vol. 62, p. 475. 

Nodosaria roemeri Sehlicht, 1870, Forain. Pietzpuhl., pi. x> figs. 21, 22, 24. 

Nodosaria roemeri Brady, 1884, Challenger Keport, vol. 9, pp. 505, 506, pi. Ixiii, fig. 1.

The shell of Nodosaria roemeri resembles Nodosaria communis in 

its obliquely set septal partitions, but in the latter the sutures are 

depressed, while in N. roemeri they remain flush with the surface of 

the test. The form is stoutly built in proportion to its length, and the 

later chambers are much longer and larger than the earlier segments. 

The form is approximately straight, but in some specimens figured 

there is a limited amount of curvature, as in the earlier Dentalina 

types. The distal end is neatly rounded, in which respect it differs 

from N. mucronata. It is very rare in the California Miocene, and " 

only one specimen was found, with four chambers preserved, the length 

of which is 2.3 mm.

The species is not common in existing oceans, but Prof. H. B. Brady 

reports its occurrence in the North Atlantic, where it chiefly occurs at 

depths of less than 400 fathoms. Its geological range is from Creta- 

. ceous to Recent.

Bull. 268 05 3
34 x MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 208.

NODOSARIA SOLUTA (ReUSs).

PL V, fig. 11.

Dentalina soluta Reuss, 1851, Zeitachr. Deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 3, p. 60, pi. iii, fig.

4, a, b. 

Nodosaria soluta Reuss, 1865, Denkschr. K. Akacl. AViss. Wien, vol. 25, p. 131, pi. ii,

figs. 4-8. 

Nodosaria soluta Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 503, pi. Ixii, figs. 13-16,

var. pi. Ixiv, fig. 28. 

Nodosaria soluta 1886, Sherborn and Chapman, Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc., ser. 2, vol.

6, p. 746, pi. xiv, figs.-25, 26. 

Nodosaria soluta Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, p.

248, pi. xxix, fig. 14.

The above species is represented only by fragments, the smaller of 

which pass into N. adolp/iina with their deep constricted segments. 

The large almost globular segments with smooth surface of only a 

small number of chambers serve to distinguish the species. The forms 

in the collection studied are not mucronate. The shell is either bent 

or straight, and varies greatly in size and length. Common to-day in 

the North Atlantic at depths from 300 to as low as 1,360 fathoms 

(Brady); South Atlantic, 350 to 675 fathoms; South Pacific, only from 

125 to 410 fathoms (one instance 1,350) (Brady). The geological range 

i§ from Cretaceous to Recent. It is one of the most common JVodosa-. 

rise in the California material.

Genus CR1STELLARIA Lamarck (1816). 

CRISTELLARIA ARTICULATA (Reuss).

PL VI, fig. 1.

Robulina articulata Reuss, 1863, Siteungsber. K. Akad. AViss. Wien, vol. 48, p. 53,

pi. v, fig. 62.

CristeUaria articulata Reuss, 1870, Sitzungaber. K. Akad. AViss. AVien, vol. 62, p. 483. 

Oristellaria articulata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 547, pi. Ixix, figs.

10-12. 

Oristellaria articulata Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 54.

The test of CristeUaria articulata is to be regarded as a thickened 

form of Oristellaria rotulata, and it must not be confounded with Oristellaria articulata Seguenza. The shell is nearl}7 circular, smooth, 

thickened, flattened at the sides, and with an obtusely angular periphery. There are six or seven broadly triangular chambers, separated 

by depressed septa, which are somewhat curved backward and sickleshaped. The aperture is an oval fissured opening close to the outer 

margin of the ultimate segment. The diameter of the specimens which 

the author found in the New Jersey Cretaceous measured 1.3 mm.

The writer has but one specimen, nearly perfect, from California, a 

trifle smaller than the above, The geological distribution is from the
BAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 35

Cretaceous to Recent. The species in existing oceans is mentioned 

by Brady as occurring at several stations at depths of less than 400 

fathoms.

CRISTELLARIA CASSIS (Fichtel and Moll). 

PL VI, fig. 2.

Nautilus cassis Fichtel and Moll, 1798, Test. Microsc., p. 95, pi. xvii, figs, a, 1. 

Cristellaria cassis Lamarck, 1816, Tabl. Encycl. et Method., pi. cccclxvii, figs. 3 a-cl. 

Cristellaria cassis Brady, 1884, Challenger Keport, vol. 9, pp. 552, 553, pi. Ixviii, fig. 10. 

Cristellaria cassis Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 54. 

Cristellaria cassis Silvestri, 1899, Mem. Accad. Lincei, vol. 15, pp. 206-212, pi. vii, figs.

13-17. 

Cristellaria cassis Chapman, 1900, Proc. California 1 Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 250,

pi. xxix, fig. 18.

There are several types of Cristellaria cassis given in descriptions of 

earlier authors. The test is complanate or nearly so in all, but frequently the exogenous tubercles or surface beading is entirely absent, 

and the presence of a well-defined keel, with complanate seginenta, 

serves to mark the species. The number of chambers in the final 

volution is fifteen in the New Jersey forms, but there are only six in 

the single California form. The sutures are depressed, arcuate, surface smooth, not beaded as in typical specimens. Mr. Chapman 

figures a variety from California with a serrated keel, but the margin 

is smooth, sharp, transparent, and of small width in the specimen we 

have identified. Breadth of shell is 0.25 mm. The geological range 

is from the Cretaceous to Recent. The bathymetric range at present 

is in shallow coral sands, and in the Adriatic, Mediterranean, etc., of 

shoal depths. The list of sjmonyms for the species is large, and there 

are many records of the species in the Tertiary deposits.

CRISTELLARIA CREPIDULA (Fichtel and Moll). 

PI. VI, fig. 3.

Nautilus crepidula Fichtel and Moll, 1803, Test. Microsc., p. 107, pi. xix, figs. g-i. 

Cristellaria crepidula d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Cuba, p. 64, pi. viii, figs 17, 18. 

Cristellana crepidula Parker and Jones, 1865, Philos. Trans., vol. 155, p. 344, pi. xiii,

figs. 15, 16, pi. xvi, fig. 4. 

Cristellaria crepidula Brady, 1.884, Challenger Keport, vol. 9, pp. 542, 543, pi. Ixvii,

figs. 17, 19, 20; pi. Ixviii, figs. 1, 2. 

Cristellaria crepidula, Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 55.

The above list contains only a few of the man}7 references for this 

interesting Cristellaria. The only specimen we have is broken, but 

exhibits the typical compressed elongate-oval outline, with oblique segments separated by depressed septa. The margin is sharp but not 

keeled, and the surface is smooth and white and glistening. The short 

diameter of this form is 0.25 mm.
36 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BOLL. 268.

The geographical range is very wide and it belongs to the shoalwater fauna, and only in one instance in the Challenger dredgings was 

the species detected in deep water (2,350 fathoms). Geologically it is 

known from the Lias and is present in greater abundance in succeeding formations.

CRISTELLAEJA CREPIDULA (F. & M.) var. GLADIUS Philippi.

PI. VI, tig. 4.

Marginulina gladius Philippi, 1843, Tertiiir. nordwest. Deutsch., p. 40, pi. i, fig. 37. 

Orislellaria crepidula var. gladius Burrows and Holland, 1897, Proc. Geologists' 

Assoc., vol. 15, pts. 1, 2, pp. 39, 40, pi. .i, figs. 6, 9, 16.

Of all possible modifications, with an indefinite number of synonyms, 

various!}7 described under both Marginulina and Cristellaria, this 

variety marks but one of perhaps the most variable of specific forms 

known among the Foraminifera. It is impossible, when the material 

from one locality shows such gradations as Burrows and Holland 

give, in their paper on the Foraminifera of the Thanet Beds of Pegwell 

Bay, to consider more than mere varieties the large list of fossilfigured forms included under such names as Cristellaria intermedia, 

C. simplex, C. cymboides, C. varians, C. protracta, C. karpa, etc., 

of Reuss, d'Orbigny, d'Orbigny, Bornemann, Bornemann, and Reuss, 

respectively.

In De los Reyes Canyon and in the Tejon formation, near New Idria, 

Cal., there is one large (diameter long axis 1.1 rum.) ensiform Cristellaria belonging to the crepidula type and consisting of twelve chambers. The shell is compressed into an oval, slightly involute on the 

posterior end, and with extended evolute chambers on the anterior 

portion. There is a suggestion of1 angularity at the outer periphery 

without keel and the shell is arcuate. The form studied is most similar to the form figured by Burrows and Holland on pi. 1, fig. 6, in 

the above reference. The species must be considered a shallow-water 

form, and only in one instance were specimens dredged by the Challenger at a depth of over 2,000 fathoms (2,350).

The geological distribution of this species in some of its varieties is 

very extensive and is known in deposits as earl}7 as the Lias. It 

is also reported in the English chalk, the London clay, and in the 

later Tertiaries.

CRISTELLARIA (ROBULINA) GERLANDI Andreae.

PI. VI, fig. 5.

Cristellaria (Robulina) gerlandi Andreae, 1884, Abhandl. Geol. Specialkarte ElsassLothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 208, pi. ix, fig. 25.

The form figured by Andreae under the name Robulina gerlandi is 

characterized by an exceedingly complanate suboval test with periph-
BAGG.J DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 37 

x

ery definitely-keeled as in 6. cultrata. The septal markings are wide 

and slightly depressed, and the septa are curved backward in the 

California specimen somewhat more than in the figure shown by 

Andreae. There are fourteen chambers in the California specimen, 

fifteen in Andreae's type.- This complanate Cristellaria resembles 

Cristellaria alberti of Andreae, but the chambers are more numerous 

and the inner volution is distinct. Mr. Chapman in his report on the 

California fossils figures a new species of Cristellaria under the name 

C. miocenica, which is also closely related to the form under consideration, but his specimens did not exhibit the carinate feature seen in 

C. gei"landi. Andreae's form came from the Septaria cla}^ of UnterElsass. There appears to be no other description of his peculiar 

species. The important feature of Andreae's type is the unsymmetrical 

development of the initial chamber which is slightty.raised upon one 

side. This is less clearly seen in the California form, but the distinction is apparent upon close examination.

CRISTELLAEJA GIBBA d'Orbigny. 

PL V, fig. 6.

Cristellaria gibba d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Cuba, p. 63, pi. vii, figs. 20, 21. 

Cristellaria gibba Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 546, 547, pi. Ixix, figs. 8, 9. 

Crislellaria gibba Chapman, 1900, Proc. California A cad. Sci.. ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, 

pi. xxx, fig. 3.

Test oblong, biconvex, smooth; subcarinate, narrow; chambers few, 

seven or eight, slightly arcuate, separated by distinct septa; aperture 

marginate. The specimens found by the author in the New Jersey 

Cretaceous measured 1.3 mm. in length; 0.87 mm. in breadth." This 

species resembles C. acutauricularis, but the septal face is more narrow. The above is exceedingly rare in the material under examination, and the writer has observed onl}^ one specimen. There are only 

five chambers in the elongated oblong-oval shell. The geological 

range is from the Cretaceous, possibly earlier, to the present time. 

The species does not seem to be abundant in existing oceans, and 

occurs sporadically at depths of less than. 500 fathoms.

CRISTELLARIA ROTULATA (Lamarck).

PL V, fig. 7.

Lenliculites rolulata Lamarck, 1804, Ann. du Mus., vol. 5, p. 188, No. 3. 

Cristellaria rotulata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 547, pi. Ixix, fig. 13. 

Cristellaria rotulata Dervieux, 1892, Boll. Soc. Geol. Italiana, vol. 10, p. 626. 

Cristellaria rotylala Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, pp. 57, 58.

Test involute, biconvex, smooth; peripheral margin sharp, noncarinate; chambers numerous, but only eight or nine in final volution; 

septa moderately curved, visible externally as fine lines; aperture 

elliptical, radiate. The size of the shell is extremely variable. In

a Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 56.
38 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 263.

the lime sand of New Jersey the author found specimens which measured over 2 mm. .in diameter. The species is exceedingly rare in the 

California Miocene, and the genus is poorly represented in other types 

of Cristellaria. The geological range is from the Triassic to Recent. 

In nearly all existing oceans Cristellaria rotulata is abundant, arid 

occurs at every depth from shore sands down to below 2,000 fathoms. 

The synonymy is altogether too cumbersome to be given here in full.

Subfamily POLYMORPHIN^E. 

Genus UVIGERINA d'Orbigny (1826).

UVIGERINA CANARIENSIS d'Orbigny. 

PL VI, fig. 1.

Uvigerina canariensis d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Canaries, p. 138,-pi. i, figs. 25-27. 

Uvigerina canariensis Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 573, 574, pi. Ixxiv,

figs. 1-3. 

Uvigerina canariensis Woodward and Thomas, 1884 (1885), Thirteenth Ann. Rept.

Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey Minnesota, p. 171, pi. iv, fig. 37. 

Uvigerina canariensis Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, pp. (31, 32),

325, 326.

The test of Uvigerina canariensis may well serve as a type of the 

rather uncommon, smooth-shelled forms of Uvigerinoe, nearly all being 

more or less ornamented with some form of surface striations. The 

form is irregularly triserial, elongate, built of projecting globose segments with well-defined septal constrictions between. It is quite 

likely that the form described as Uvigerina urnula by d'Orbigny in 

his Memoir on the Miocene Foraminifera of Vienna belongs under 

this species and the writer has so included it in a former publication.

The species is rather common in the California Miocene, but not 

nearly so frequent as its congenitor Uvigerina tenuistriata. It appears 

in the middle Tertiaries of many localities, and is rather widely distributed at the present time in existing oceans. Professor Brady 

mentions its occurrence in shore sands of Teneriffe, at a depth of 435 

fathoms off Bermuda, of 150 fathoms near Cape of Good Hope, of 

1,900 fathoms in the South Atlantic, and of 40 and 1,375 fathoms in the 

South Pacific. It has been found by several scientists on the coasts of 

the British Isles. The writer obtained this form from a well boring at 

Crisfield, Md. (Miocene), and also at Norfolk, Va.

UVIGERINA PYGOLEA d'Orbigny.

PI. VII, fig. 2.

Uvigerina pygmsea d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 269, pi.

xii, figs. 8, 9, Modeles No. 67.

Uvigerina pygmsea d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 190, pi. xi, figs. 25, 26. 

Uvigerina pygmsea Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 575, pi. Ixxiv, typical

figs. 11, 12 elongate forms figs. 13, 14.
BAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 39

The species was described and figured by the author" from the wellboring material of the Miocene from Crisfield, Md., and Norfolk, Va. 

The test is more or less broadly ovate and stoutly built with thick 

shell walls. The "chambers are numerous, large, and globose, and are 

separated by depressed septa. The species is easy to recognize, for in 

addition to the above features the surface is marked by a number of 

longitudinal costse, which are more abundant and more definite than 

in its congenitor Uvigerina tenuistriata Reuss. Both forms are fre- 

.quently found in the same deposits. Its range is from the middle 

Tertiary to Recent, and the shell is universally distributed over nearly 

all waters at the present d&y. Its bathymetric range is from 200 to 

more than 2,500 fathoms. The fossil forms in California appear to 

belong mostly to Uvigerina tenuistriata, and only a few forms of the 

species under discussion were obtained.

UVIGERINA TENUISTKIATA Reuss.

PL VII, fig. 3.

Umgerina tenuistriata Reuss, 1870, Sitsungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, p. 485. 

Umgerina tenuistriata Schlicht, 1870, Foram. Pietzpuhl., pi. xxii, figs. 34-37. 

Umgerina tenuistriata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 574, pi. Ixxiv, figs.

4-7. 

Umgerina tenuistriata Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, pp. (32,

33) 326, 327. 

Uoigerina tenuistriata Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No.

10, p. 252, pi. xxx, fig. 5.

The test of the above species is much more finely costate>than 

Uvigerina pygmaea and it is more slender. It tapers to a neat wellrounded primordial segment, and enlarges by irregular sized chambers 

to the ultimate chamber. The septa are not as depressed as in U. 

pygms&a and the segments are less globose. The species terminates 

its ultimate chamber in the flaring tubular neck. Not uncommon in 

the California Miocene; rarer than U. pygmsea in the Maryland and 

Virginia Miocene. The shell is known from a number of localities in 

shallow waters. Its geological range is from Miocene to Recent.

Genus SAGRINA (d'Orbigny 1839) Parker and Jones.

The name Sagrina as given by d'Orbigny was applied to a biserial 

or Textulariform shell related to Uvigerina and provided with longitudinal striations. In his report of the Forarninif era of Cuba, d'Orbigny 

again applies the term to a rough dimorphous Textularian which differs from Gaudryina simpty in the terminal aperture. The name 

appears therefore -to have been used in different descriptions, but it 

has been revived and restricted by Parker and Jones to apply to a

"Tertiary and Pleistocene Foraminifera of the middle Atlantic slope: Bull. American Paleont., 

vol. 2, No. 10, p. 326, pi. xxii (2), fig. 3.
40 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FKOM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

group of dimorphous Uvigerinse* whose biserial initial segments become 

Nodosarian in their ultimate growth. There seems to be but one stepfarther from a form which has but one or two biserial chambers to one 

in which the entire shell becomes a true Nodosarian in its t}^pe of development. The remarkable peculiarity of the aperture, however, is 

something altogether different from the typical Nodosarist, and the 

arrangement of the chambers serves at once to separate the two genera as at present understood. While, therefore, at first the biserial 

growth, followed in its later stages by moniliform segmentation, must 

be regarded as representative of the t\^pe of the genus, we are forced 

to admit under the same a number of genera whose growth is altogether 

Nodosarian. The walls of the shell are invariably hyaline and perforate, and the surface decoration is extremely varied and beautiful. The 

genus first makes its appearance in the middle Tertiaiy, being known 

in Miocene, Pliocene, and Recent deposits.

In shallow waters of tropical oceans it exists to-day, and according to 

Brady it is generally limited to depths less "than 200 fathoms. It is 

not a common form, though fairly widely distributed at the present 

time.

S}7 nonymous terms for this genus are given by Prof. H. B. Bradj7 

in the Challenger Report, vol. 9, page 580. These are Sagrina (d'Orbigny, 1839); Parker and Jones (1865); Carpenter, Brady, Biitscbli: 

Sagraina, Reuss (1861), Zittel, Schwager, Marsson; DimorpMna, 

Schwager (1866), Hantken; Siphogenerina, Schlumberger (1883).

SAGRINA BRANNERI n. sp. 

PI. VIi, fig. 4.

In the material from California occur a large number of Nodosarian 

types with expanded elongated apertures of the Sagrina type. The 

surface is decorated with a large number of longitudinal costee, as 

many as twenty occurring on some specimens. There are three distinct types of these, possibty more. These types are closely allied with 

the forms described and figured by Professor Brady in the Challenger 

Report under the name Sagrina raphanus Parker and Jones. They 

all differ from these figured types in the larger.number of striations. 

and in the method of septal formation. In the California .specimen 

the septa are arched between chambers and the arches extend from 

one surface costal ridge to another, and furthermore the striations are 

continuous, not broken, and extend to the very aperture, though the 

last chamber has them as fine lines running to the phialine aperture. 

The form selected to represent the species Sagrina branneri is acuminate and has about ten successive chambers closely set and with the 

surface marked by about sixteen longitudinal striations. Aperture 

raised, tubular, with flaring opening. Shell walls white, perforate. 

The form is large, nearly one-sixteenth inch in length.
BAGG,] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SlPEClES. 41

SAGRINA CALIFORNIENSIS n. sp. 

Pi. VII, fig. 5.

The Sagrina selected as a type for this species consists of a number 

of obtusely rounded shells with a more or less barrel-shaped outline 

due to an enlargement of the median chambers and a very slight 

tapering at both ends. There are ten chambers in most forms, which 

are compactly joined along a zigzag suture line, and the surface is 

deeply inset between large longitudinal costas which run the entire 

length in unbroken ridges upon the shell. The aperture is tubular, 

flaring, short. This is the most common of the three types observed.

SAGRINA ELONGATA n. sp. 

PI. VII, fig. 6.

The form of /Sagrina elongata is but little longer than its associate 

species, but it is considerably smaller and more slender, so that the 

test appears to possess considerable length. There is no swelling in 

the median portion and the margins are neatly rounded. Segments 

are ornamented similarly with the other types, though less prominently so. Common in the California Miocene.

Family GLOBIGERINID^.

Genus GLOBIGERINA d'Orbigny (1826).

GLOBIGERINA BULLOIDES d'Orbigny.

PL VII, fig. 7.

Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 277, No.

1, Module No. 17 (young) and No. 76.

Globigerina hirsuta d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Canaries, p. 132, pi. ii, figs. 4-6. 

Globigerina bulioides Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 593, 594, 595, pis.

Ixxvii, Ixxix, figs. 3-7.

Globigerina bulloides Bagg, 1898, Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 63. 

Globigerina bulloides Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, p. 33.

Globigerina Bulloides is one of the most widely distributed Foraminifera, occurring at the present time in every latitude and at all 

possible depths and being also found in numberless fossil localities in 

Cretaceous and later rocks. It is characterized by a spiral, subtrochoicl test with globular chambers with deeply sunken umbilicus 

around which on the reverse side the spiral segments are wound and 

the number of chambers is varied in size, shape, and arrangement. In 

recent specimens about seven globose segments compose the .final convolution. The forms found in the California Miocene are typical, for 

the species are frequent.
42 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

GLOBIGERINA BILOBATA d'Orbigny.

PI. VII, fig. 8.

Globigerina bilobata d'Orbigny, 1846, Forarn. Foss. Vienne, pp. 164, 165, pi. ix,

figs. 11-14. 

Globigerina bilobata Costa, 1856, Atti Accad. Pontaniana (2), vol. 7, p. 241, pi. xxi,

fig. 6A, B. 

Globigerina bilobata Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 608, pi. Ixxxi, figs.

20, 21; pi. Ixxxii, figs. 2 and (3 ?) (here described under Orbulina univena). 

Orbulina bilobata Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, p. 39, pi. iv,

fig. 20, a, b.

This bilobate form resembles Orbulina universa, from which it is 

distinguished by being formed of two chambers which are not wholly 

distinct, but are united along a straight septal division and perhaps 

without aperture, although some figures show this feature. The "perforations of the test are similar to those of Orbulina universa. One 

chamber is invariably somewhat larger than the other, although in 

some specimens this character is not pronounced. The species is not 

common and but few specimens have been detected in the material 

investigated. The longer diameter is 0.85 mm. and the diameter of 

the larger segment 0.6 mm. Fornasini has described this species in the 

Tertiary of Messina in 1893 and it is known in the Miocene of Monte 

Bartolomeo (Egger), the Miocene of the Vienna basin (d'Orbigny), 

and it is possibly coextensive with Orbulina universa, although this is 

not certain (Lias to Recent). It is present in existing oceans in bottom 

oozes from many localities and at various depths.

GLOBIGERINA CRETACEA d'Orbigny. 

PI..VIII, fig. 1.

Globigerina creiacea d'Orbigny, 1840, Me"m. Soc. Geol. France, vol. 4, p. 34, pi. iii,

figs. 12-14. 

Globigerina cretacea Brady, 1879, Quart. Jour. Microsc. Sci., new series, vol. 19,

p. 285. 

Globigerina cretacea Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 596, 597, pi. Ixxxii,

fig. lOa-c. (Fossilformfig.il.) 

Globigerina cretacea Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 64.

Test rotaliform, but strongly depressed; superior surface flattened 

or but slightly convex, inferior side depressed toward the center and 

excavated at the umbilicus; periphery obtuse and lobulated; shell consisting of from five to seven segments, the latter relatively small, subglobular aperture opening into the umbilical vestibule. Diameter less 

than 1 mm. Geological range is from Cretaceous to Recent.

In the California Miocene Globigerina lulloides is extremely common. Globigerina cliMa, is also numerous, but typical specimens of 

Globigerina cretacea are hard to find. There are undoubtedly present 

better specimens than the writer could obtain by boiling the marl, but
BAGG.] . DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 43

a number of perfect forms were obtained of Globigerinse by collecting 

the forms which float and drying- them on a cloth by straining the 

water.

GLOBIGERINA DUBIA Egger. 

PI. VIII, fig. 2.

Globigerina dubiaEgger, 1857, Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., Geol., Pal., p. 281, pi. ix, figs. 7-9. 

Globigerina dubia Brady, 1879, Quart. Jour. Microsc. Sci., new series, vol. 19, p. 71. 

Globigerina dubia Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 595, 596, pi. Ixxix,

fig. 17. 

Globigerina dubia Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, p. 37, pi. iv,

fig. 17.

"Test rotaliform, subglobular, somewhat compressed; margin 

rounded and lobulated; inferior umbilicus large and deeply sunk; 

composed of about three convolutions, the outermost of which consists 

of five or six relative^ small, inflated segments; ,the apertures of the 

chambers opening directly into the umbilical vestibule. Diameter 

often nearly one thirty-fifth of an inch (0.73 mm.)." ffl

This species is rather common in the California material though less 

frequent than Globigerina Imlloides. The specimens are much larger 

than the latter species, are more stoutly built, and the pores of the 

cell walls are larger and coarser. Its geological range is apparently 

confined to the later Tertiary and Recent period and the writer has no 

record of its occurring in the Eocene. The present range of the species 

is also limited, and while it occupies bottom oozes it is by no means 

widely diffused or as abundant as many of its congenitors.

Genus ORBULINA d'Orbigny (1839).

ORBULINA UNIVERSA d'Orbigny.

PL VIII, fig. 3.

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Cuba, p. 3, pi. i, fig. 1.

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Canaries, p. 122, pi. i, fig. 1.

Orbulina universa Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 608, 609, pi. Ixxviii;

pi. Ixxxi, figs. 8-26; pi. Ixxxii, figs. 1-3. 

Orbulina universa Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, p. 38, pi. :iv,

figs. 18, 19.

Test globular or nearly so, composed of only one chamber, or perhaps in variable types two indistinct chambers, or of one chamber 

inclosing a polythalamous, globigerina-like shell, which in recent specimens can be seen occasionally through the transparent hyaline walls 

of the outer enveloping chamber. This outer chamber is frequently 

spinous, though these spines are absent apparently in fossil forms and 

perhaps are broken off, although it is not certain that they are always

« Brady, Challenger Report, vol. 9,1884, p. 595.
44 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268,

present. There is a roughness about the outer surface which may 

represent these spinous markings in recent forms, but they are so 

minute that it is doubtful if this character is of value in determination 

of the species and if it is constant^ a characteristic. There seems to 

be a marked difference in the size of the shell, but on an average good 

specimens measure about 0.15 mm. in diameter. The test is often 

broken and it is possible that some of the single-shell chambers seen 

in the washed marl are fragments of Globigerina, but in some almost 

perfectly globular forms there can be no question but that this species 

is present in rather considerable abundance. The species first occurs 

in the Lias (Terquem), and it is found in the Jurassic limestones of 

Switzerland'(Haeusler), in the chalk of the island of Rugen, and at 

Volsk, Russia (Reuss), in Septaria clays and upper Oligocene of 

Germany (Reuss), in the Miocene of Vienna (d'Orbigny), in the later 

Tertiaries of Italy (Costa, Terrigi, etc.), and elsewhere. It is the 

commonest of all pelagic Foraminifera to-day and is known in bottom 

specimens and surface dredgings at every depth and in all latitudes.

Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones (1862). 

PULLENIA SPHJEROIDES (d'Orbigny).

PL VIII, fig. 4.

Nonionina sphseroides d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 293,

No. 1, Modele,-No. 43.

Pullenia sphteroides Carpenter, 1862; Introd. Study Foram., p. 184, pi. xii, fig. 12. 

Pullenia sphxroides Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 615, 616, pi. Ixxxiv,

figs. 12, 13, and cut in text, p. 616, fig. 18. 

Pullenia, sphxroides Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 252, pi, xxx, fig. 6.

Chapman reports this species as frequent in the California Miocene 

of Santa Clara Count}^. It appears to be very rare in the material the 

writer investigated. The species in its outer appearance resembles the 

thick forms of the genus Nonionina. It is, as its name implies, nearly 

spheroidal in outline, but is slightly compressed at the umbilici. 

The few large outer segments, five or six in number, completely 

envelope the earlier chambers. Surface of shell smooth, glistening. 

The test is tinel}7 perforate, much more so than in Globigerinse. Professor Brady stated in the Challenger Report that these pores do not 

exceed'0.001 mm. in diameter. The septal lines are only faintly indicated on the exterior surface and are not depressed in the slightest, 

but they can be seen in reflected light and appear as nearly straight 

lines running to the shell margin. The septal face is very narrow, 

very broadly oval, and the aperture occurs as a long cavity extending 

nearty the entire width of the shell upon the inner margin of the final 

segment. Cross sections show three or four convolutions.
BAGG.] DESCEIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 45

Geologically the species is found from Cretaceous to Recent. In

/ ' existing oceans Pullenia spha&roides is widely distributed both areally

and bathymetrically, since it is found from a few fathoms down to nearly

3,000 fathoms. It has been described from man}^ Tertiary deposits

) where the species seems to have its greatest development.

; 

Family ROTALID^. i

Subfamily ROTALIN^E. 

'Genus DISCORBINA Parker and Jones (1862).

DlSCOKBINA ALLOMOKPHLNOIDES (Reuss). . 

PL VIII, fig. 5.

Valvulina allomorpllinoides Reuss, 1860, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 40, 

1 p. 223, pi. xi, fig. 6.

Discorbina allomorpllinoides Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 654, pi. xci(

figs. 5, 8. 

Discorbina allomorpllinoides Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., aer. 3, vol. 1,

No. 8, p. 253, pi. xxx. fig. 8. . .

The Challenger expedition (Brady) reports the finding of this species 

at three stations at a depth of 10 fathoms off Port Jackson, at 155 

fathoms off Raine Island, and at 95 fathoms off the Philippines. Reuss:'s 

specimens were from the Cretaceous of Westphalia.

Test discoidal, thick, built of a few massive chambers, six or seven 

in the final convolution, separated by nearly straight depressed septa. 

Ultimate chamber much the largest, with the opening under the margin 

upon the inferior side. Chapman reports the species as very abundant. 

The author finds numerous examples also in the material studied.

Genus TRUNCATULINA d'Orbigny (1826).

TKUNCATULINA PYGM^EA Hantken.

Pi. VIII, fig. 6.

Truncal'idina pycpmea' Hantken, 1875, Mitth. K. ung. geol. Anstalt, vol. 4, p. 78, pi. x, 

fig. 8. . . . Trimcahdina pygmxa Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 666, 667, pi. xcv, 

figs. 9, 10. .

'Tmncatulina pygm&a Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, 

p. 254, pi. xxx, fig. 11.'

The test of Truncatulinapygmsea is circular, vaulted on both sides, 

with nine or ten chambers in the .final volution separated by slightly 

arched septa on the inferior surface. On the superior side there are 

a few more chambers in the final volution separated b}^ curving septa 

and with from two and a half to three convolutions, all of which are 

j seen on the superior aspect. The shell is rather common in the Call-
46 MIOCENE FORAMINIFEKA FEOM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

forma Miocene. As a fossil it was recorded by Hantken from the 

Oligocene of Hungary. In existing seas it is rare and is essentially 

a deep-water foraminifer.

TRUNCATULINA LOBATULA (Walker and Jacob).

PI. IX, fig. 1.

Nautilus lobatulus Walker and Jacob, 1798, Adam's Essays, Kanmacher's ed., p. 642,

' pi. xiv, fig. 36. 

Truncatulina lobatula Brady,-1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 660, 661, pi. xcii,

fig. 10; pi. xciii, figs. 1, 4, 5; pi. cxv, figs. 4, 5. 

Truncatulina lobatula Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, p. 31,

pi. v,'fig. 5, a, b, c. 

Truncaiulina lobatula Bagg, 1898, Bull. "U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 65.

The species designated Truncatulina lob.atula is probably as widely 

diffused as G-lobigerina bulloides which is known in every ocean, in 

every sea, and at all depths. The earliest record of the form as a fossil is in carboniferous strata and it is well known in every subsequent 

deposit.

The characteristic features of this very variable species are its planoconvex habit; only moderately vaulted on the inferior surface; last 

volution with from six to eight chambers, separated by very slightly 

depressed septa which are more arcuate upon the superior surface and 

more nearly straight upon the lower or vaulted side. The aperture is 

typically located in an extended cavernous slit at and along the inner 

margin of the ultimate segment upon the superior surface.

The varieties of the species are interminable and some are sessile as 

in fig. 10, pi. xcii, of the Challenger Report. The more convex varieties merge into Truncatulina refulgens and the flattened varieties constitute 'Truncatulina wuellerstorfi. Regular built forms comprise the 

species Truncatulina boueana d'Orbigny, while irregular wide-growing 

specimens belong under Truncatulina varidbilis d'Orbigny. The 

specimens are very coarsely porous in California, and are not very 

frequent considering the large amount of material examined.

TRUNCATULINA VARIABILIS d'Orbigny.

PL IX, fig. 2.

Truncatulina variabilis d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, No. 8,

p. 279., 

Truncatulina variabilis Terquem, 1878, Me'm. Soc. G6ol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1, me'm. 3,

p. 20, pi. i, figs. 18-25. 

Truncatulina variabilis Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 661,662, pi. xciii,

figs. 6,7.

D'Orbigny groups about twenty plates of Soldani's figures in his 

Testaceographia under the single species Truncatulina variabilis. 

There are probably no two of these wide-growing, flattened Truncatu-
BAGO.] DESCEIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 47

Una exactly alike, but the general features of irregular chambers are 

similar. The California Miocene furnishes two or three forms which 

seem to belong here. The species is a shallow-water form and only 

in one instance was a specimen dredged from 2,000 fathoms. Usually 

it is present in shallow margins of tropical and temperate seas. It 

has been found in the Eocene of Paris basin, and is known throughout the later Tertiaries. The California specimens are broken at the 

ultimate segment. The portion remaining measures in short diameter 

0.9 mm. . 

TIIUNCATUXITXTA wuELLERSTORFi (Schwager).

PI. IX, fig. 3.

AnomaUnawuellerstorfiSchvf&ger, 1866, Novara-Exped., Geol., vol. 2, p. 258, pi. vii,

figs. 105,107. 

Truncatulina wuellerstorft Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 662, pi. xciii,

figs. 8,9. 

Jbuncatulina wuellerstorfi Uhlig, 1886, Jahrb. K.-k. geol. Reichsanstalt, vol. 36,

p. 174, fig. 3. 

Truncatulina wuellerslorfi (louellerstorfii) Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver.

Passau, vol. 16, p. 31, pi. v, fig. 6 a, b', c. 

Wuncatulina wuellerstorfi'Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 66.

Test circular, coarsely porous; inferior surface convex, superior 

complanate; peripheral edge acute; chambers narrow; septa strongly 

curved, crescent-shaped with broad septal ridges, nine in the last convolution; aperture a small marginal slit. The specimens the writer 

. obtained in the New Jersey Cretaceous measured 0.5 mm. in diametei:. 

These specimens were much more vaulted than the typical forms, 

while the specimens (not common) in the California strata are very 

strongly depressed and are typical for the species. The pores are 

remarkably large and coarse. The form occupies an intermediate 

position between Truncatulina lobatula and Anotnalina arimensis.

The species is known as early as the Cretaceous (Bagg); is reported 

from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar (Schwager), but is not abundantly 

noted in fossil strata. In the deep-water oozes of existing seas Truncatulina wuellerstorfi is frequently present and it has been dredged 

from about 200 to over 2,000 fathoms.

Genus ANOMALINA d'Orbigny (1826). 

ANOMALINA AMMONOIDES (Reuss).

PL IX, fig. 4.

Rosalina ammonoides Reuss, 1845, Verstein. bohm. Kreid., pt. 1, p. 36, pi. xiii, fig.

66; pi. viii, fig. 53.

Rotalia ammonoides Giimbel, 1870, Sitzungsber. K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., p. 283. 

Planorbulina ammonoides Jones and Parker, 1872, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London,

vol. 28, p. 106; table, p. 109.
48 MIOCENE FOKAMINIFEBA FBQM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

Anomalina ammonoides Brady, 1884 Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 672, 673, pi. xciv,

fig. 2, 3. 

Anomalina ammonoides Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 67, pi. vi,

fig. 5.

Test nautiloid, coarsely porous, small, compressed; lateral surfaces 

nearly equally convex; depressed at the umbilici. The peripheral 

margin is round and the aperture is a nearly median arched slit upon 

the inner margin of the ultimate segment. The diameter measures 

from 0.5 to 0.8 mm.

Geological distribution is from Cretaceous to Recent. The Challenger dredged only one station in the North Atlantic which yielded 

the above species from a depth of 435 fathoms. In the South Pacific 

many dredgings from a few fathoms to 1,350 furnished specimens and 

the species is widely distributed, being found in the Red Sea, off 

Bombay, Hongkong, New Zealand, Humboldt Bay, Papua, and in shore 

sands from Melbourne.

ANOMALINA AKIMINENSIS (d'Orbigny,. 

PL IX, fig. 5.

Planulina ariminensis d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 280,

pi. v, figs. 1-3, bis; Modele No. 49. 

Planorbulina ariminensis Parker, Jones and Brady, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.

3, vol. 16, p. 26, pi. iii, fig. 78. 

Anomalina ariminensis Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 674, 675, pi. xciii,

figs. 10, 11.

Test perfectly complanate or nearly so, sides flat, periphery nearly 

square, sutures deeply incised, septa curved, aperture nearly median. 

The shell closely resembles Anomalina ammonoides, but is much more 

depressed. Its nearest isomorph is DiscorUna biconcava, Parker and 

Jones.. It appears first as a fossil in the chalk of England, and is 

present in succeeding formations down to the present time. In the 

North Atlantic it is widely distributed and ranges from 150 to 1,600 

fathoms. Two localities in the South Atlantic yielded specimens at 

depths of 350 and 2,200 fathoms. At the greater depth specimens 

were rare, the species being more abundant at the lesser depth and of 

typical forms. It is common in the Mediterranean at every depth 

down to 500 fathoms. Parker and Jones detected it in material from 

the Abrolhos Bank at a depth from 47 to 940 fathoms. It is rare in 

the California Miocene. Diameter, short axis, 0.5 mm.

ANOMALUSTA GHOSSERUGOSA (Giimbel). 

Pi. IX, fig. 6.

Truncatulina grosserugosa Giimbel, 1868, Abhandl. m.-ph. Cl. K. bayer. Akad. Wiss.,

. vol. 10, p. 660, pi. ii, fig. 104 a, b.

Truncatulina grosserugosa Hantken, 1875, Mittheil. K. ung. geol. Anstalt, vol. 4, p. 74, 

pl. ix, fig. 6, a, b
BAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 49

Anomalind grosserugosa Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 673, pi. xciv,-

figs. 4, 5- 

Anomalina grosserugosa Bagg, 1898, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 88, p. 67, pi. vi,

fig. 4. 

Anomalina grosserugosa Sherborn and Chapman, 1889, Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc., p.

487, pi. xi, fig. 34. 

Anomalina grosserugosa Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acacl. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1,

No. 1, pp. 253, 254, pi. xxx, fig.- 9.

Test nautiloid, very coarsely porous, pores larger and more numerous upon the inferior surface; both sides convex; umbilici distinct; 

peripheral margin round; chambers large, inflated, only eight in final 

convolution; septa nearly straight; aperture median or nearly so,, 

arched. The form is closely related to Nonionina 'umbilicatula, but 

its chambers are more strongly inflated and the pores are larger. It 

is also very closely related to Anomalina ammonoides^bui there are a 

much smaller number of chambers in the former, and the form is more

massive and the volutions are not so distinct as in A. ammonoides.

The geological distribution begins with the upper Cretaceous (Bagg), 

and the species is found in the Eocene of Bavaria (Gumbel), the Clavulina-szaboi formation of Hungary (Hantken), the Miocene of Vienna 

(d'Orbigny). It seems to be a rather abundant species in the Tertiary. 

In existing oceans, Professor Brady noted its occurrence at four stations in the North Atlantic at depths ranging from 450 to 1,000 fathoms; 

at three stations in the South Atlantic at depths ranging from 420 to 

1,415 fathoms; at two in the South Pacific at depths of 610 and 2,160 

fathoms, and at two in the North Pacific at depths of 345 and 2,050 

fathoms.

ANOMALINA KOTULA d'Orbigny.

PI. X, fig. 1.

Anomalina rotula d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 172, pi. x, figs. 10-12. 

Planorbulina rotula Sherborn and Chapman, 1886, Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc., ser. 2,

vol. 6, p. 757, cut in text No. 155. 

Planorbulina rotula Terrigi, 1889, Mem. R. Accad. Lincei, ser. 4, vol. 6, p. 116, pi.

vii, fig. 4. 

Anomalina rotula Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8,

p. 254, pi. xxx, fig. 10.

The test of Anomalina rotula represents the extreme variation from 

the symmetrical form of the genus being closely allied with Planorbuline types. The entire convolutions are visible upon one side, and 

reveal about twent}7 -two chambers, of which nine or ten constitute the 

last volution. The aperture is nearly median as in normal species, and 

the reverse side is umbilicated, and the margin is neatly rounded. 

The shell is veiy abundant in the California Miocene. Its earliest 

appearance is from the Eocene, and it appears to be limited to the 

Tertiary.

Bull. 268 05 4
50 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

Genus PULVINULINA Parker and Jones (1862). 

PULVINULINA AUEICULA (Fichtel and Moll).

PL X, fig. 3.

Nautilus auricula var. a. Fichtel and Moll, 1803, Test. Microsc., p. 108, pi. xx, figs.

a, b, c.

Valvulina excavata, d'Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Canaries, p. 137, pi. i, figs. 43-45. 

Pulvinulina auricula, Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 688, 689, pi. cvi,

fig. 5, a, b, c.

The test of Pulvinulina, auricula is elongate-oval, with rather 

square-set anterior margin made by prolongation of the ultimate chamber. There is scarcety any difference between the vaulting of each 

side, but if anything the superior is the lower of the two. The form 

resembles. P. brongniartii, already described in this report, but it is 

only one-half the size (0.3 mm.), is much whiter, cleaner, more delicate, and appears to possess fully as sharp a keel as the more pronounced acute-margined forms of the species. Only a few specimens 

of this species are present. The geological distribution of Pulvinulina auricula commences with the Eocene and extends to the present 

dajr . It has been described under many synonyms and has been 

placed under several genera, such as Rotalina, Valvulina, Nautilus, 

etc. The bathymetric range of the species in the North Atlantic, 

where it is most common, is from the littoral zone down to 200 

fathoms, and specimens have been dredged at over 500 fathoms, but 

the form is typically a shallow-water species.

PULVINULINA BRONGNIARTII (d'Orbigny). 

PI. X, fig. 2.

Rotaliabrongniartii d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 273, No. 27. 

Botalina brongniarti Reuss, 1845-46, in Geinitz, Grundr. Verstein., p. 673, pi. xxiv,

fig. 55. 

Rolalina brongniartii d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, .pp. 158, 159, pi. viii,

figs. 23-24. 

Pulvinulina brogniarti (brongniartii) Hantken, 1875 (1876), A magy. kir. foldt. int.

evkonyve, vol. 4, p. 68, pi. ix, fig. 5.

Test similar to typical " auricula" Pulvinulina forms with obliquety 

set chambers on the superior surface and with nearly straight depressed 

septa on the inferior side. The margin terminates in sharp obtuseangled periphery and both surfaces are vaulted with the ultimate 

chamber so much enlarged as to .'give an unsymmetrical appearance 

when the shell is viewed from the anterior aspect. D'Orbigny considered the species closely related to Rotalina elliptica, from which it 

is distinguished by its more elliptical form and its less rugose character. 

The form Pulvinulina brongniartii appears to be very closely related 

to Pulvinulina oblong a, but the latter has curved septa and more
BAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OF-THE SPECIES. 51 

i

numerous chambers on its superior surface. It also resembles Pulmnulina auricula, but the latter has a somewhat greater quadrangular 

elongation.

It is barely possible that the species under discussion may be considered a variety of the more commonly described species Pulvinulina 

auricula. D'Orbigny's specimens were from the Miocene of Nussdorf 

and from Baden, Austria, and he states that it is living in the 

Adriatic Sea.

Genus ROTALIA (Lamarck), 1804. 

ROTALIA BECCARII (Linne").

PI. X, fig. 4.

Nautilus beccarii Linn6, 1767, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 1162; 1788, Gmelin's ed., p.

3370, No. 4.

Streblus beccarii Fischer, 1819, Adversaria Zoologica, fasc. ii, p. 75. 

Tarbinulina beccarii d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 275, No.

42; Modele No. 74. 

Rotalia beccarii (sp. becarii) Brown, 1844, Illustr. Recent Conch. Great Britain, ed.

2, p. i, pi. i, fig. 12.

Rotalia beccarii Brady, 1884, Challenger Keport, vol. 9, p. 704, pi. cvii, figs. 2, 3. 

Rotalia beccarii Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, p. 38, pi. iii, fig. 3.

Test finely porous, formed of a nearly circular low turbinate spire 

with an. obtusely rounded, lobulated peripheral margin. The test is 

composed of three or four convolutions compactly built, and with a 

large number of chambers which are separated from one another by 

highly curved septa. The inferior surface is often beaded b}^ exogenous granules at or near the umbilicus. As a fossil the form first occurs 

in the Miocene and it is known in the later Tertiaries in many regions. 

It is veiy abundant in the Pleistocene of Cornfield Harbor, Md., and 

was found by the writer in the Miocene of Darlington, S. C. It is a 

shallow-water foraminifer, and according to Professor Brady it 

inhabits the margins of all great oceans.

ROTALIA SOLDANII (d'Orbigny). 

PL X, fig. 5.

Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 278, No. 5,

Modele No. 36. 

Rotalia soldanii (after d'Orbigny) Parker, Jones, and Brady, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist, ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 176, pi. xii, fig. 151.

Rotalia soldanii Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 706, 707, pi. cvii, figs. 6, 7. 

Rotalina soldanii Egger, 1895, Jahrsber. Naturhist. Ver. Passau, vol. 16, p. 34, pi. v,

fig. 10. 

Rotalia soldanii Bagg, 1898, Bull. American Paleont., vol. 2, No. 10, p. 333.

Test plano-convex or nearly so, circular, and with slightly lobulated 

periphery, superior side showing numerous curved septa, inferior side
52 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

much vaulted, with approximately straight septa which are excavated 

at the umbilicus.

"The plano-convex habit of growth reaches its' extreme development, so far as the present genus is concerned, in Rotalia soldanii, 

the test of which resembles that of Rotalia orbicularis, except that 

the convexity of the inferior side is considerably greater. The species 

corresponds morphologically to Truncatulina refulgens and Truncatulina micheliniana, but the shell is more neatly and compactly built, 

the outline is more rounded, and the walls more finely perforated than 

in either of the latter species. Sections of the test show that the 

septal walls are double, and that there is a considerable deposit of 

shell substance in the region of the umbilicus, but without any trace 

of canals. " a

The species is known as far back as the Cretaceous, and is present 

in*every succeeding formation. In existing oceans it is universally 

distributed in deep waters, and is seldom found at depths of less than 

300 fathoms. The California Miocene contains only a f.ew specimens 

of this species.

Family NUMMULINID^.

Subfamily POLYSTOMELLIN^E.

Genus NONIONINA d'Obigny (1826).'

NONIONINA POMPILIOIDES (Fichtel and Moll).

PL X, fig. 6.

Nautiluspompilioides Fichtel and Moll, 1798, Test. Brit., p. 31, pi. ii, figs. a-e. 

Nonionina umbilicatula d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 293,

pi. xv, figs. 10-12, No. 5, Modele No. 86. 

Nonionina pompilioides Parker, Jones, and Brady, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4,

vol. 8, p. 246, pi. xii, fig. 158. 

Nonionina pompilioides Brady, Challenger Keport, 1884, vol. 9, p. 727, pi. cix, figs.

10, 11. 

Nonionina, pompilioides Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1,

No. 8, p. 256, pi. xxx, figs. 16, 16a.

The test of Nonionina pompilioides is characterized by a few large, 

thick, closely involuted chambers, the ultimate of which ends in a 

broad, flat, terminal septal face. Most of our forms have six chambers 

visible in the final volution. The septa are straight, or nearly so, and 

the" aperture is a centrally placed slit upon the inner side of the ultimate chamber. The form resembles Nonionina wribiUcatula, but the 

form is thicker, has fewer chambers, and is of smaller diameter. At 

the present time it seems to be almost exclusively a deep-water form, 

and in the Challenger Report it is recognized from seven stations in

a Challenger Report, vol. 9, pp. 700, 707.
BAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OP THE SPECIES. 53

the North Atlantic at from 1,000 to 2,750 fathoms; from one in the 

South Atlantic at 2,200 fathoms; from two in the Southern Ocean 

at 1,570 and 1,950 fathoms; from eight in the South Pacific Ocean 

from 1,350 to 2,421 fathoms; and from two in the North Pacific from 

1,850 and 2,250 fathoms. Its geological distribution begins with the 

middle Tertiary.

Mr. Chapman recognizes it as a rare form in the Miocene of Santa 

Clara County, Cal. It is present in the present collection, and is 

common.

NONIONINA BOUEANA d'Orbigny.

PI. XI, fig. 1.

Nonionina boueana d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 108, pi. v., figs. 11, 12. 

Nonionina boueana Brady, 1884, Challenger Keport, vol. 9, p. 729, pi. cix, figs. 12,13.

Nonionina boueana Chapman, 1900, Proc; California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, 

pp. 255, 256, pi. xxx, figs. 14, 14a.

This beautiful species of Nonionina is rather rare in the material we 

are investigating, although Chapman reports that it is frequent in the 

California Miocene of Santa Clara County. The sutures are remarkably wide and gracefully curved with somewhat depressed umbo and 

with very sharp periphery, though without definite keel. The septal 

face is veiy long oval and with the slit-like aperture on the inner margin. There are about ten chambers in the final volution, the inner two 

are not easily distinguished and the outline of the shell is elongate-oval, 

due to,lengthening of the ultimate chamber. This species has been 

recorded in several other places than those given above. The writer 

discovered it in the Miocene well-boring material from Norfolk, Va., 

and described it in the "Tertiary and Pleistocene Foraininifera of the 

Middle Atlantic Slope. " a The small diameter of the shell measures 

0.35 mm. The geological range is from the Oligocene to Kecent. 

There are seven localities mentioned by Brady in the Challenger Report 

where this species was found, but in every case the shells were in very 

shoal waters, the deepest being in the Bay of Biscay, at a depth of 200 

fathoms.

NONIONINA COMMUNIS d'Orbigny.

PI. XI, fig. 2.

Nonionina communis d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 294, 

. . No. 20.

Nonionina communis d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 106, pi. v, figs. 7, 8. 

Nonionina communis Chapman, 1900, Proc.. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, No. 8, 

p. 255, pi. xxx, fig. 13.

Mr. Chapman records this species as frequent in the Miocene of 

Santa Clara County, and it is not rare in the material of similar age

a Bull. American Paleont, vol. 2, No. 10, p. 334.
54 MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM CALIFORNIA. [BULL. 268.

under investigation. The form occupies an intermediate position 

between Nonioninci scapha and Nonionina boueana. The shell is composed of rapidly enlarging rather narrow chambers, of which the last 

is much the largest and longest, as in N. scapha. There are about eight 

or nine chambers visible in the final volution. Shell shows slightly 

depressed'septa, but little arched, and the peripheral margin is broadly 

angular with a large oval septal face. The geological range is from 

Tertiary to Recent.

NONIONINA UMBILICATDLA (Montagu). 

PI. XI, fig. 3.

Nautilus umbilicatulus Montagu, 1803, Test. Brit., p. 191; Suppl., p. 78, pi. xviii,

fig. 1.

Robulinaplanciana.d'Orbigny, 1826, Annales Sciences Naturelles, vol. 7, p. 290, No. 20. 

Nonionina soldanii d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 109, pi. v, figs. 15, 16. 

Nonionina umbilicalula Terrigi, 1883, Atti Accad. Pontificia Nuovi Lincei, vol. 35,

p. 203, pi. iv, fig. 48.

Nonionina umbilicalula Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 726, pi. cix, figs. 8, 9. 

Nonionina umbilicatula Chapman, 1900, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1,

No. 8, p. 256, pi. xxx, fig. 15.

Test large and compactly built, with six or seven chambers in the 

outer volution, separated by nearly straight septa. The umbilicus is 

deeply sunken and the chambers increase rapidly in size and the ultimate segment ending in an oval almost globular septal face on the 

inner part of which is the elliptical aperture on the median plane. 

The shell is abundant in the California Miocene. It is closely related 

to Nonionina depressula and Nonionina pompilioides.

In existing oceans Nonionina umbilicatula is everywhere. recognizable, and it is known in dredgings from as low as 30 to 3,125 fathoms.

Its geological occurrence dates from the Eocene, and it has been 

recorded in every subsequent formation.

Genus POLYSTOMELLA Lamarck (1822). 

POLYSTOMELLA CRispA (Linne).

PI. XI, fig. 4.

Nautilus crispus Linne", 1767, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 1162; 275. 

Polystomella crispa Lamarck, 1822, Anim. sans Vert., vol. 7, p. 625, No. 1. 

Polystomella crispa d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 125, pi. vi, figs. 9-14. 

Polystomella crispa Williamson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Britain, p. 40, pi. iii, figs.

78-80. 

Polystomella crispa Brady, 1884, Challenger Report, vol. 9, p. 736, pi. ex, figs. 6, 7.

The species known as Polystomella crispa has been described by 

many authors in addition to the references given above. It is widely 

known in fossil beds from the Eocene, in the Septaria clays; in the 

Miocene of Germany, Austria, Bavaria, France, and Italy; it is also
BAGG.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 55

described from the salt clay of Wieliczka by Reuss; from the Pliocene 

of Italy and Spain; from the Crag of England, and from the Quaternary of Europe. In existing oceans the species is abundant from a 

depth of a few fathoms down to 355 fathoms, and is known in arctic 

as well as tropical regions.

The shell is characterized by a moderately vaulted nautiloid biconvex test; sharp peripheral margin, well-defined-umbo; numerous narrow, slightly curved chambers, separated by prominent septa, with 

broad septal bridges between them, which are not as numerous as the 

bridges in forms like Polystomella, cratieulata (Fichtel and Moll). 

The test is similar to Polystomella macella (Fichtel and Moll), but is 

not depressed at the umbo as in the latter species. The aperture consists of a V-shaped row of pores along the inner margin of the final 

segment. There is only one specimen in the California Miocene. 

Diameter, short axis, 0.5 mm.

PLATE II.
PLATE II.

Page. 

FIG. 1. BULIMINA AFFINIS d'Orbigny. Magnified.96 diameters.............. 19

FIG. 2. BULIMINA BUCHIANA d'Orbigny. Magnified 115 diameters ........... 19

FIG. 3. BULIMINA ELEGANS d'Orbigny. Magnified 175 diameters ............ 20

FIG. 4. BULIMINA ELEGANTISSIMA d'Orbigny. Magnified 115 diameters ...... 21

FIG. 5. BULIMINA ELONGATA d'Orbigny. Magnified 96 diameters............ 21

58
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. II

BULIMINA.
PLATE III.

59
PLATE III.

Page.

FIG. 1. BULIMINA OVATA d'Orbigny. Magnified 115 diameters............... 22

FIG. 2. BULIMINA PUPOIDES d'Orbigny. Magnified 175 diameters ............ 22

FIG. 3. BOLIVINA ^ENARIENSIS (Costa). Magnified 68 diameters.............. 23

FIG. 4. BOLIVINA DILATATA Reuss. Magnified 80 diameters.................. 23

FIG. 5. BOLIVINA DILATATA var. ANGUSTA Egger. Magnified 80 diameters..... 24

FIG. 6. BOLIVINA PUNCTATA d'Orbigny. Magnified 140 diameters ............ 24

FIG. 7. BOLIVINA PUNCTATA var. SUBSTEIATA Egger. Magnified 110diameters.. 25

60
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. Ill

BULIMINA AND BOLIVINA.
PLATE IV.

61
PLATE IV.

Page.

FIG. 1. BOLIVINA TEXTILARIOIDES Reuss. Magnified 140 diameters........... 25

FIG. 2. LAGENA APICULATA Reuss. Magnified 140 diameters ................ 26

FIG. 3. LAGENA GLOBOSA (Montagu). Magnified 240 diameters ............. 26

FIG. 4. LAGENA GRACILIS Williamson. Magnified240 diameters......-...--. 27

FIG. 5. LAGENA MARGINATA (Walker and Boys). Magnified 175 diameters... 27

FIG. 6. LAGENA SULCATA (Walker and Jacob). Magnified 175 diameters .... 28

62
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. IV

BOLIVINA AND LAGENA.
PLATE V.

63
PLATE V.

Page.

FIG. 1. NODOSARIA ADOLPHINA d'Orbigny. Magnified 54 diameters......... 28

FIG. 2. NODOSARIA COMMUNIS (d'Orbigny). Magnified 110 diameters....... 29

FIG. 3. NODOSARIA CONSOBRINA d'Orbigny. Magnified .54 diameters........ 29

FIG. 4. NODOSARIA CONSOBRINA var. EMACIATA Reuss. Magnified 54 diameters; 30

FIG. 5. NODOSARIA FARCIMRN (Soldani). Magnified 23 diameters .. ......... 30

FIG. 6. NODOSARIA PILIFORMIS (d'Orbigny). Magnified 23 diameters ....... 31

FIG. 7. NODOSARIA OBLIQUA (Linne"). Magnified 11 diameters ............. 31

FIG. 8. NODOSARIA PAUPERATA (d'Orbigny). Magnified 23 diameters....... 32

FIG. 9. NODOSARIA RADICULA (Linne"). Magnified 23 diameters ............ 32

FIG. 10. NODOSARIA ROEMERI (Netlgeboren). Magnified %54 diameters........ 33

FIG. 11. NODOSARIA SOLUTA (Reuss). Magnified 23 diameters............... 34

64
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. V

j

f

11

NODOSARIA.
PLATE VI.

Bull. 268 05 5 65
PLATE VI.

Page.

FIG. 1. CRISTELLARIA ARTICULATA (Reuss). Magnified 54 diameters ......... 34

FIG. 2. CRISTELLARIA CASSIS (Fichtel and Moll). Magnified 80 diameters .... 35

FIG. 3. CRISTELLARIA CREPIDULA (Fichtel and Moll). Magnified 23 diameters. 35 

FIG. 4. CRISTELLARIA CREPIDULA var. GLADIUS Philippi. Magnified 110 diame- 

	ters ............................................................ 36

FIG. 5. CRISTELLARIA (ROBULINA) G£3LANDiAndreae. Magnified 23 diameters. 36

FIG. 6. CRISTELLARIA GIBBA d'Orbigny. Magnified 80 diameters............. 37

FIG. 7. CRISTELLARIA ROTULATA (Lamarck). Magnified 54 diameters ........ 37

66 ,
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. VI

 ^^^^B

CRISTELLARIA.
PLATE VII.

67
PLATE VII.

FIG. 1. UVIGERINA CANARIENSIS d'Orbigny. Magnified 80 diameters..

FIG. 2. UVIGERINA PYGM.«A d'Orbigny. Magnified 68 diameters

FIG. 3. UVIGERINA TENUISTRIATA Reuss. Magnified 80 diameters.....

FIG. 4. SAGRINA BRANNERI Bagg. Magnified 23 diameters ...........

FIG. 5. SAGRINA CALIPORNIENSIS Bagg. Magnified 23 diameters......

FIG. 6. SAGRINA ELONGATA Bagg. Magnified 23 diameters...........

FIG. 7. GLOBIGERINA BULLOIDES d'Orbigny. Magnified 80 diameters.

FIG. 8. GLOBIGERINA BILOBATA d'Orbigny. Magnified 175 diameters.

68
U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. VII

UVIGERINA, SAGRINA, AND GLOB IGER! N A.
PLATE VIII.

69
PLATE VIII.

Page.

FIG. 1. GLOBIGERINA CRETACEA d'Orbigny. Magnified 80 diameters ......... 42

FIG. 2. GLOBIGERINA DUBIA Egger. Magnified 175 diameters ............... 43

FIG. 3. ORBULINA UNIVERSA d'Orbigny. Magnified 115 diameters........... 43

FIG. 4. PULLENIA SPH^ROIDES (d'Orbigny). Magnified 68 diameters........ 44

FIG. 5. DISCORBINA ALLOMORpftiNOiDES (Reuss). Magnified 54 diameters .... 45

FIG. 6. TRUNCATULINA PYGMJEA Hantken. Magnified 115 diameters......... 45

70 .
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. VIII

\5LOBIGERINA, ORBULINA, PULLENIA, DISCORBINA, AND TRU NCATU LI N A.
PLATE IX.

71
PLATE IX.

Page.

FIG. 1. TRUNCATULINA LOBATULA( Walker and Jacob). Magnified 80 diameters. 46

FIG. 2. TRUNCATULINA VARIABILIS d'Orbigny. Magnified 30 diameters ....... 46

FIG. 3. TRUNCATULINA WUELLERSTORFI (Schwager). Magnified 68 diameters.. 47

FIG. 4. ANOMALINA AMMONOIDES (Reuss). Magnified 68 diameters........... 47

FIG. 5. ANOMALINA ARIMINENSIS (d'Orbigny). Magnified 65 diameters....... 48

FIG. 6. ANOMALINA GROSSERUGOSA (Giimbel). Magnified 54 diameters....... 48

72
U. 5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

^

BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. IX

TRUNCATULINA AND ANOMALINA.
PLATE X.

73
PLATE X.

FIG. 1. ANOMALINA ROTULA d'Orbigny. Magnified 65 diameters............. 49

FIG. 2. PULVINULINA BRONGNIARTII (d'Orbigny). Magnified 23 diameters.... 50

FIG. 3. PULVINULINA AURICULA (Fichtel and Moll). Magnified 54 diameters.. 50

FIG. 4. ROTALIA BECCARII (Linne"). Magnified 80 diameters................. 51

FIG. 5. ROTALIA SOLDANII (d'Orbigny). Magnified 240 diameters............ 51

FIG. 6. NONIONINA POMt> iL"iOiDEs(Fich-tel and Moll).- - Magnified 54 diameters. 52

74
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. X

ANOMALINA, PULVINULINA, ROTAL1A, AND NONIONINA.
PLATE XI.

75
PLATE XI.

/ Page.

FIG. 1. NONIONINA BOUEANA d'Orbigny. Magnified 68 diameters........... 53

FIG. 2. NONIONINA COMMUNIS d'Orbigny. Magnified 160diameters.......... 53

FIG. 3. NONIONINA UMBILICATULA (Montagu). Magnified 160 diameters..... 54

FIG. 4. POLYSTOMELLA CRisPA (Linn6) after Brady......................... 54

76
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 268 PL. XI

NONIONINA AND POLYSTOMELLA.
INDEX.

[Names in italic are synonyms; figures in black-face type indicate pages on which descriptions are 

given;' figures in italic refer to plates.]

Page. 

Aiiomalina.............................. 11,47-49

ammonoides................. 13,17,47-48, 72

ariminensis...................... 13,17,48, 72

grosserugosa ................. 13,17,48-49, 72

rotula ........................... 13,17,49,74

ivuellerstorfi ............................. 47

Asuncion station, fossils from.............. 9

Atascadero Creek, fossils from ............. 10

Atascadero formation, occurrence of....... 11

Bolivina................................. 11,23-25

amariensis.................... 12,13,16,23,60

antiqua ................................. 24

dilatata .:.................... 13,16,28-24,60

dilatata var. angusta............ 13,16,24, 60

punctata ..................... 13,16, 24-25, 60

punctata var. substriata......... 13,16,25, 60

textilarioides................. 12,13,16,25, 62

(lextularioides) ...................... 25

Branner, J. C., fossils collected by ......... 11

Bulimina................................ 11,19,23

afflnis............................ 13,15,19, 5S

buchiana..................... 13,15,19-20, 58

elegans.......................... 13,15,20, 55

elegantissima................. 12,13,15,21, 58

elongata ..................... 13,15,21-22, 58

ovata............................ 14,15,22, 60

ovulum. ........................ .. ..:.... 19

pedunculata. ............................ 22

pidchra .................................. 21

pupoides..................... 14,15,22-23, 60

Bulimince ............................... 15,19-25

Chapman, Frederick, on California Miocene 

Foraminif era............................. 12-13

Chico formation, occurrence of ............ 11

Cristellaria .............................. 11,34-38

articulata .................... 14,16,34-35, G6

cassis ............................ 14,16,35, 66

crepidula .................... 14,16,35-3«, 66

crepidula var. gladius.....'...... 34,16,36, 66

gerlandi...................... 14,16,36-37, 66

gibba ............................ 14,16,37, 66

rotulata...................... 14,16,37-38, 66

Dentalina adolphina ........................ 28

communis............................... 29

consobrina .............................. 29

cmaciala................................ 30

farcimcn................................ 30

legumen................................. 29

oUiqua ................................. 31

pauperata. .............................. 32

roemeri ................................. 33

soluta ................................... 84

Page. 

Depth, limits of range of, for Miocene

Poraminifera............................. 13-15

Discorbina...................................11,45

1 allomorphinoides ............ 12,14,17,45,70

Egger, Johann, on Monte Bartolomeo fossiis.. I..................................... 12-13

Encinal, Rancho del, fossils from .......... 9

Entosolenia globosa. ...................:..... 26

Fairbanks, H. \V., on San Luis Obispo 

County rocks............................. 11

Foraminifera, bibliography of............. 17-18

descriptions of ......................... 19-55

figures showing ........................ 55-7C

list of................................... 15-17

occurrence of........................... 31-13

range in depth of ...................... 13-15

Globigerina ............................. 11,41-43

bilobata ......................... 14,16,42, 68

bulloides ..................... 12,14,16,41, 68

cretacea ..................... 14,16,42-43, 70

dubia............................. 14,16.43, 70

hirsuta.................................. 41

Globigerinidae........................... 16,41-45

Graves Creek, bed of, fossils from.......... 9

dikes on................................ 11

plates showing ..... 1............... 10

Gyroidina soldanil. ......................... 51

Havel station, chert near, oil from......... H

Henry, J. H., ranch of, fossils from near... 9 

Lagena................................... 11,26-28

apiculata ........................ 14,16,26, .62

globosa .......................... 14,16,26, 62

gracilis .......................... 14,16,27,62

marginata .........'.............. 14,16,27, 62

sulcata .......................... 14,1C, 28, 62

var. marginata...................... 27

Lagenidse ............................... 16,26-41

Lageninee ............................... 1C, 26-28

Lenticulites rotulata......................... 87

Map, geologic, of San Luis Obispo County.. 10 

Marginulinagladius........................ 36

Miliolidsc, nonoccurrence of ............... 11

Monte Bartolomeo, fossils from ............ 12

Monterey shale, fossils of...................' 11-17

inflammability of ...................... 10-11

occurrence and character of........... 9-11

oil in ................................... 10-11

Nautilus, auricula var. a.................... 50

beccarii ................................. 51

cassis ................................... 35

crepidula ............................... 35

crispus ...........................:...... 54
78 INDEX.

Page.

Jfauittus, lobalulus .......................... 46

obliquus. ................................ 31

radiciUa ................................ 32

pompilioides ............................. 52

umbilicaiulus............................ 54

INewsom, J. F., ou sandstone dikes of San 

Luis Obispo County ....................... 11

Uodosaria ................................ 11,28,34

adolphina ........................14,16, 2S,-64

cornmunis ....................... 14,16, 29, 64

consobrina ...................... 14,16,29, 64

consobrina var. emaciata........ 14,16,30, 6/t

farcimen ..................... 14,16,30-31,64

filiformis...................... 12,14,16,31, 64

obliqua ...................... 14,16,31-32, 64

pnuperata ....................... 14,16,32, 64

radicula...................... 14,16,32-33, 64

roemeri.......................... 14,16,33, 64

soluta............................ 14,16,34, 64

Uodosarinfe.............................. 16,28-38

^Nouionina.....-.....................:.... 11,52-54

boueana......................... 14,17, 53, 76

cornmunis ................... 15,17,53-54, 76

pompilioides................. 15,17, 52-53, 74

sphxroides .............................. 44

umbilicatula .....................15,17, 54, 76

'Nummulinidse .......................... 17,52-55

 Oolina apiculata ............................ 26

compressu. .............................. 27

 Orbulina ................................ 11,43-44

uni versa .................. ]2,15,16, 43-44, 70

Ort/iocera obliqua ........................... 31

Oi'thoceras farcimen. ........................ 30

 Ovulina sulcata............................. 28

Pebbles, occurrence of ..................... 11

Pine Ridge, rocks of........................ 11

.Planorbwlina ammonoides...............i... 47

ariminensis ............................. 48

rotula. .................................. 49

Planulina ariminensis ...................... 48

Tolymorphinte ............................. 16,38

Polystomella............................ 11,54-55

crispa !...........'............ 15,16,54-55, 76

Polystomellinae ............................ 17,52

Pullenia................................. 11,44-45

Pullenia sphieroides ............. 15,16,44-45, 70

Page. 

Pul vinulina............................. 11,50-51

auricula ...................... 12,15,17,50,7 A

brongniartii.................. 15,17,50-51, 7U

Range, limits of, for Miocene Foraminifera. 13-15 

Robulina articulata .........:............... 34

placiana ................................ 54

Rosalina ammonoides....................... 47

Rotalia.................................. 11,51-52

ammonoides. ............................ 47

beccarii.......................... 15,17,51,74

brongniarti ............................. 50

soldanii ...................... 15,17,51-52,74

Rotalidse ................................ 17,45-52

Rotalinffi ................................ 17,45-52

Sagrina ............................. 11,39-40, 41

braiineri......................... 15,16,40, 65

californiensis.................... 15,16,41, 6S

 elongata......................... 15,16,41, 65

San Luis Obispo Co., fossils from........... 9

geologic sketch map of................. 10

. section across........................... 10

San Pablo formation, occurrence of........ 11

Sandstone dikes, plate showing............ 10

Santa Clara Co., fossils from................ 13

Santa Margarita formation, occurrence of.. 11 

Serpula marginata .......................... 27

sulcata.................................. 28

Strebhis beccarii. ............................ 51

Tejon formation, fossils from .............. 14, 32

Textularidfe............................. 15,19-25

Truncatulina............................ 11,45-47

lobatula ......................... 15,17,46, 72

pygmam...................... 15,17,45-46, 70

variabilis .................... 15,17,46-47, 72

wuellerstorfi..................... 15,17,47, 72

Turbinulina beccarii ........................ 51

Uvigerina .'.............................. 11,38-39

canariensis ...................... 15,16,38, 68

pygmsea.................... v 15,16,38-39, 6S

tenuistriata................... 12,15,16,39, 6S

Valvulina allomorphinoides .......

excavata .....................

V'ermictilum globosum. ............

marginatnm. .................

Vertebrate fossils, occurrence of

45

50

26

0

K