Bulletin No. 332

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR

EEPORT

OF THE

UNITED STATES FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 

AT ST, LOUIS, MO.

JANUARY 1, 1906, TO JTHSTE 30, 1907

JOSEPH A. HOLMES

IN CHARGE

.WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1908 "

CONTENTS. .

Page.

Introduction, by J. A. Holmes. ...................1'..........''.,. ......:.... 5

Work done.........................../.................................. 5

The outlook for future work.............................................. 9

Abbreviations.......................................................... 11

Field work, by Edward W. Parker and J. Shober Burrows.................... 12

Introduction.......................................................... 12

Personnel..............................i............................... 12

Designation of samples................................................... 12

Samples received and tested............................................ 13

Work of the chemical laboratory, by N. W. Lord................................ 20

Introduction.................................... .... ...........'...... 20

Equipment............................................................ 20

Changes in analytical methods......................................... 20

Personnel............................................................... 21

Work of the laboratory. ................................................ 21

Steaming tests, by L. P. Breckenridge.......;.............................. 22

Equipment........................................................... 22

Personnel............................................................. 22

Coals tested............................................................ 23

General results. .................................*..................... 24

Producer-gas tests, by Robert H. Fernald................................... 25

Equipment........................................................... 25

Personnel.................................................. 1.......... 25

Regular and special test conditions..................................... 26

Coals tested............................................................. 27

Summary.........................................:.................... 27

Washing tests, by G. R. Delamater......................................... 29

Introduction. ......................................................^ .. 29

Equipment and operation.............................................. 29

Explanation of the washing-test data.................................... 30

Coals tested ................i........................................... 31

Coking tests, by A. W. Belden.............................................. 32

Introduction........................................................... 32

Coals tested.......................................:.................... 32

Future work.......................................................... 33

Cupola tests on coke, by Richard Moklenke.................................. 34

Equipment........................................................... 34

Personnel............................................................. 34

Method of testing. ....................................................... 34

Cokes tested............................................................ 35

Briquetting tests, by C. T. Malcolmson..................................... 36

Introduction.. .......................................................... 36

3
4 CONTENTS.

Briquetting tests Continued. Page.

Personnel.......................................:..................... .36

Equipment........................................................... 36

The briquets.......................................................... 38

Description.............................................. .......... 38

Binders used..................................................^........ 39

Quality of pitch................................. ...................... .39

Percentage of binder................................ '. .................. 41

Sampling and drying................................................ 41

Tests on briquets....................................................... 41

Combustion tests.................................................... 41

Drop tests.....................................:.................. 42

Tumbler tests.../.. J-.............................................. 42

Weathering .tests............ 1.. T.................................. 43

Absorption tests. ........... ."i..........................'.'.......... 43

Density............................................................ 44

Special tests...................................................... 44

Water-gas machine test........................................ 44

Cupola test................................ 1................... 45

Coals tested. ........................................................... 46

Results of tests, by States.................................................. 47

Alabama.............................................................. 47

Argentina................................................'.............. 61

Arkansas............................................................... 63

Florida............................................................... 76

Georgia..........;.........................,............................ 78

Illinois.................................................................. 79

Indiana. .................................................................. 125

Indian Territory...............................................:....... 146

Kansas............................................................... 153

Kentucky............... v ...... 1..................................... 159

Maryland. ............ I................................................ 165

Missouri......................................'......................... 167

Montana.............................................................. 174

New Mexico.......................................................... 177

Ohio........................:........'...................'.............. 187

Pennsylvania........... ... i...^....................................... 193

Rhode Island. ............ I........................................... 223

Tennessee.......................:............... .-. ..................... 224

Texas................................................................. 258

Utah...................................................:...-.......... 262

Virginia.............................................................. 267

Washington............................................................ 272

West Virginia.. ... ............;.........."...":....'.........,........,.... 278

Wyoming............................................................... 284

Miscellaneous tests.................................................... 289

Index..................................................................... 297
REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES FUELTESTING PLANT AT ST. LOUIS, MO., 

JANUARY 1, 1906-JUNE 30, 1907.

JOSEPH A. HOLMES, in cliarge.

INTRODUCTION.

By JOSEPH A. HOLMES. 

WORK DONE.

The authority for continuing at St. Louis, Mo., the investigation of 

the fuel values and possibilities of the coals and lignites of the United 

States, is contained in the act of Congress making appropriation for 

the sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907. This act provides 

For the continuation of the analyzing and testing of the coals, lignites, and other 

mineral fuel substances belonging to the United States, in order to determine their 

" fuel value and so forth, under the supervision of the Director of the United States 

Geological Survey, to be immediately available, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars: Provided, That in examinations, hereby authorized, of fuel materials for the use 

of the Government of the United States, or for the purpose of increasing the general 

efficiency or available supply of the fuel resources in the United States, the Director 

of the Geological Survey may have the necessary materials collected from any part of 

the United States where they represent extensive deposits; and it shall be the duty of 

the Director of the Geological Survey to have examined, without charge, the fuels 

required for use by the Government of the United States, and to give these examinations preference over other work: Provided further, That in publishing the results of 

these investigations the materials examined shall not be credited to any private 

party or corporation, but shall be collected and described as representing such extensive deposits.

The provisos in the above act limiting the examinations and the 

manner of publishing the results of tests, by prohibiting the mention of private parties or corporations furnishing materials, necessarily changed somewhat the general operations of the fuel-testing 

plant, especially in so far as such operations were related to field 

collections of samples for testing.

This appropriation became available on July 1, 1906. The present 

report includes operations for some months prior to the enactment

5
6 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

of the above-quoted legislation, but in view of the fact that the publication of the results is provided for in this act it has been ruled by 

the Department of the Interior that no mention shall be made of 

names of private parties or corporations furnishing materials, even 

though such materials were furnished and tested prior to the enactment of these provisos. The appropriation above recited covers the 

period from July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907, but this report covers the 

period from January 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907, inclusive, or until the 

date of removal of the fuel-testing plant from St. Louis to Norfolk, 

Va., and to Denver, Colo. In point of fact little testing was carried 

on subsequent to March 31, 1907, because of the dismantling of the 

St. Louis plant.

During this period the scope of the work has been largely confined 

to a series of comparative tests, made as nearly as possible under uniform conditions, on samples of bituminous coal and lignite collected 

from different fields of the United States. The samples accepted, 

however, in accordance with the limitations already indicated, have 

been so chosen as to be representative so far as possible of known 

extensive deposits, and thus have typified a fewer number of fields. 

Moreover, the tests have been made more conclusive by using in 

them larger quantities of coal of the same sample or type, the tests 

when occasion demanded being extended over longer periods of time.

The plant in which the investigations were carried on has remained 

at its original location in Forest Park, St. Louis, Mo. The installation of the plant has remained practically as reported in Bulletin No. 

290, and included a chemical laboratory, a boiler and engine house; 

a storage and washery building, two buildings for briquetting purposes, a drying plant, and three full-size beehive coke ovens, all 

except the chemical laboratory being the property of the United 

States Government.

The equipment of the plant during the period covered by this 

report has remained much as it was during 1904, and as described in 

detail in Bulletin No. 290 and Professional Paper No. 48.

In March,' 1907, all active testing of fuels at St. Louis was discontinued and the fuel-testing plant dismantled. The sections of steam, 

producer-gas, and briquetting were transferred to a new plant erected 

at Norfolk, Va., and the sections of coking and washery were transferred to a new plant erected at Denver, Colo. The remainder of the 

fiscal year was occupied in this transfer, so that practically no investigations connected with active fuel testing other than field and 

laboratory work were in progress from March to the close of the fiscal 

year, June 30, 1907.

Most of the experts who conducted the investigations during 1905 

have remained in charge of the tests to the close of the period here 

covered. No general committee has been appointed by the Director
INTKODUCTIOK.

of the Geological Survey to oversee the operation of the plant, as in 

1904 and 1905, the entire direction of the plant being given over to 

the expert in charge, reporting immediately to the Director.

The division of fuels was consolidated with the division of structural materials and with some miscellaneous investigations into a new 

branch of the Geological Survey, the technologic branch, by order of 

the Secretary 'of the Interior, April 2, 1907. The administrative 

office was established in Washington, and to it was removed the official headquarters of both divisions above named, which had heretofore 

been at St. Louis. The permanent organization in Washington thereafter embraced the expert in charge, Joseph A. Holmes; the chief 

engineer, H. M. Wilson, who in the absence of the expert in charge 

assumes his duties, and 'necessary editorial assistants and general 

clerical force engaged in correspondence, records, supplies, shipments, 

accounts, etc.

From the Washington office directions are issued in respect to the 

investigations, tests, and field work conducted at branch testing stations and laboratories.

The names of the experts and assistants employed in connection 

with the several divisions of the testing work are given in the introductions to the accompanying reports covering these tests. Those 

in charge or having special .appointments have remained practically 

as reported in Bulletin No. 290; with the exception of John D. Wick, 

who was succeeded in charge of washing tests by G. R. Delamater, 

and John A. Laird, who was succeeded in charge of opera ting gas 

producers by J. P. Quam, who remained also in charge of the gas 

engine.

The tests reported herein were made on samples of fuel from the 

following States and Territories, the number of samples from each 

being also shown:

Alabama............................ 5

Argentina................... . ....... 1

Arkansas........................... 7

Florida............................. 1

Georgia............................. '. 1

Illinois............................. 28

Indiana............................ 13

Indian Territory................... 4

Kansas.............................. 2

Kentucky .......................... 4

Maryland.......................... 1

Missouri............................ 5

Montana............................ 2

New Mexico........................ 6

Each fuel tested went through one or more of the following operations : Samples of the fuel were taken by inspectors sent to the various mines by the Survey for this purpose, and were forwarded for

Ohio......:....................... 3

Pennsylvania...................... 12

Rhode Island...................... 1

Tennessee........................... 15

Texjis............................. 2

Utah.............................. 2

Virginia............................ 3

Washington.....'................... 3

West Virginia....................... 8

Wyoming.......................... 3

Miscellaneous....................... 7

139
8 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

chemical analyses. Samples were also taken from the -cars, from the 

fuel as fired to the boilers, as fed to the producers, before briquetting, 

before and after washing, and before coking. All these samples 

were forwarded to the chemical laboratory, where proximate analyses, and for many samples ultimate analyses, were made. Samples 

of briquetted coal and of coke, as .well as the gases produced from 

the fuels, were also analyzed. All these analyses are reported herein 

and were made by the methods described in Bulletin No. 323, entitled 

"Experimental work conducted in the chemical laboratory of the 

United States fuel-testing plant at St. Louis, Mo."

Steaming tests were made to determine the calorific value of the 

fuel and the relative amount of energy obtainable from it when used 

under a boiler in connection with a steam engine, as compared to the 

energy obtainable from the fuel .when used in a gas producer and 

gas engine; also to determine methods of burning fuel smokelessly 

and in such a manner as to secure the highest efficiency in the combustion chamber. These tests are summarized in greater detail in 

Bulletin No. 325, entitled "A study of four hundred steaming tests." 

Producer-gas tests were made to determine the absolute efficiency 

of each fuel, as well as the relative efficiency when used under steam 

boilers, as stated above.

Washing tests were made to determine the possibility of improving the quality of the coal and the availability of such washed coals 

for the production of coke, since the coal used in coke must be as 

free as possible from ash, sulphur, and other impurities, because of 

its prospective use in metallurgic processes. Coking tests were made 

to determine the possibility of utilizing the various coals in this way 

or. of improving coking practice. Cupola tests of cokes were made to 

determine the possibility of using these different cokes in actual 

foundry practice and of thereby possibly improving foundry practice. 

Briquetting tests were made to determine the extent to which slack 

and waste coal can be economically made into briquets, and steaming 

tests on briquets were made to determine the relative and absolute 

efficiency obtained when burned under the steam boiler, as compared with that obtained with other forms of fuel.

The results of these investigations, wherein each fuel has been 

tested comparatively in a number of ways, are shown in the accompanying report. The producer-gas investigations have continued 

to show the availability of bituminous coals, lignites, and peat rich 

in volatile matter, for the production of power. Improvements in 

the method of handling of the gas-producer equipment of the plant 

have yielded gratifying results, confirming and augmenting those of 

the preceding year, and have demonstrated the efficiency of the 

commercial producer in developing a good grade of producer gas 

through proper manipulation of scrubbing and purifying appliances 

and tar extractors. These investigations have also indicated the
INTBODtJCTION. ' 9

lines along which improvements in gas-producer construction might 

reasonably be expected, in order that the producer may utilize 

advantageously all varieties of bituminous coal, and especially lowgrade fuels now being wasted.

The briquetting plant has developed new possibilities in the utilization of slack coal and of anthracite culm, when properly briquetted, 

as an efficient fuel for combustion on locomotives,, both in the express 

service, where a smokeless fuel is required on entering large cities, 

and in heavy freight service, where high efficiency in hauling over 

steep grades is required for a limited period. The experiments 

made in burning briquetted coal on the Pennsylvania Railroad and 

the Missouri Pacific Railway are being continued on other lines, and 

have developed results highly gratifying to the transportation interests of the country. These experiments are being extended with a 

view to determining the value of briquetted coal for combustion on 

the naval vessels of the United States, the twofold object being to 

secure a smokeless fuel and a fuel of higher efficiency, especially for 

use on torpedo boats and other naval vessels. The annexed report on 

the operations of the briquetting section is segregated into two parts. 

Under "Briquetting tests" are reported ,those operations which had 

to do with the mechanical, physical, and chemical manufacture and 

testing of briquets. The combustion tests under steam boilers were 

conducted, as a matter of expediency, under the direction of the chief 

of the briquetting section, but are reported under "Steaming tests," 

though the steam-boiler section is in no way responsible for the results 

of these tests. It is contemplated that in the future such combustion tests of briquets, including the locomotive tests, shall be made 

under the direction of the steam-boiler section.

THE OUTLOOK FOR FUTURE WORK.

The fuel problems needing investigation in the immediate future 

include practically all those outlined in Bulletin-No. 290 (p. 10), but 

it will be possible to undertake only a small portion of these during the 

forthcoming year. The more important of these problems are (1) the 

lessening of the waste in mining and (2) greater efficiency in the 

utilization of the coal that is mined. From the data now in hand 

it is estimated that this waste in mining now exceeds 400,000,000 

tons of coal yearly.

The washing and coking appliances which have been removed from 

St. Louis to Denver will be occupied throughout the year on tests 

to determine coking values and the methods of coking the coals found 

on or adjacent to the public lands of the West chiefly coals that 

belong to the United States or are indicative of the possible behavior 

of such coals. Washing tests will be made with a view to determining 

how these fuels may be improved for coking or for combustion.
10 REPORT XT. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

The principal chemical laboratory of the fuel-testing plant has been 

removed to Pittsburg, and to it will be sent all fuel samples for 

analysis, including briquets, coke, etc. At this laboratory will be 

conducted an exhaustive series of investigations into the most efficient 

methods of using, for coke and other purposes, the coals and lignites 

belonging to the Government of the United States, and the by-products of coke, with a view to determining methods for their utilization. 

A branch chemical and physical laboratory will be maintained at the 

Norfolk fuel-testing plant for the purpose of experimenting on the 

gases in different portions of the combustion chambers of steam 

boilers and'of gas producers, analyses to be made of the gases at high 

temperatures, and the highest temperatures to be measured. It is 

expected that the results of these investigations.may have 'an important bearing on the methods of construction of combustion chambers 

and the relation of the heat-transmitting surfaces to the fuel bed. 

Routine chemical work will be conducted as heretofore at the fueltesting plants for analyses of samples, including gas and other 

products of combustion. A special investigation will be undertaken 

to ascertain the nature of cokes made from different coals, with a view 

to determining why good coke can be made from one coal and not 

from another. Field investigations,'will be made with a .view to 

studying the coals where found, and later these investigations will be 

continued in the laboratories at-Washington.

The smoke-abatement investigations at public buildings will be 

supplemented by more detailed experiments along the same lines at 

the Norfolk plant, where different methods of handling the two 

Heine boilers and the new 250-horsepower Babcock & Wilcox water- 

.tube boiler will be attempted. One of these boilers will be hand fired, 

one fired with mechanical overfeed, and one with a mechanical underfeed stoker. All three are equipped for natural draft, for forced 

draft, and for induced draft, and it is believed that it will be possible 

to show just how each type of fuel should be burned in order to secure 

the highest efficiency, which means the complete combustion of all of 

the carbon and the abatement of smoke. This investigation is conducted with special reference to the needs of power and heating plants 

in the Government buildings in the different cities of the country.

The gas producer will be run on prolonged tests with a view to 

determining along commercial lines the fuel values through the gas 

engine of the various fuels tested; also with a view to determining the 

possibility of utilizing the. different classes of fuel through the gas 

producer for naval purposes.

The investigation of coal waste at the mines is being extended with 

a view to determining how far such waste is due to improper methods 

of mining, especially to the improper use of explosives or to the use of 

improper explosives. Investigations are also being made to discover
INTBODXJCTtOtf. . 1.1.

the extent to which less wasteful methods of mining may be introduced without excessive cost to the operators. (See p. 9.)

Under the wording of the act of Congress providing for the continuation of the work to June 30, 1908, the technologic branch is 

engaged in revising the purchases of coals for the Government, with a 

view to adopting better methods of making such purchases, especially 

in regard to specifications which shall consider the ash contained and 

the heating units in the coal. This branch is also engaged in investigating and reporting on explosives and other materials used by the 

Reclamation Service and in the Panama Canal. To it has recently 

been transferred the mine inspection in the Territories, and this part 

of the work of Federal mine inspection will receive particular attention during the coming year.

ABBREVIATIONS.

The following abbreviations are used in the report:

-B. t. u. =British thermal units,

cr. =cmshed.

c. t. p. =coal-tar pitch.

. e. h. p. ^electrical horsepower.

Eng. =English (briquetting machine),

f. c. =fmely crushed. 

Lab. No.=chemical laboratory number.

1. =lump.

Renf. =Renfrow (briquetting machine). '

r. o. m. =run of mine,

r. p. m. =revolutioris per minute.

s. =slack.

1 sc. =screenings. v

w. =washed,

w. g. p. =water-gas pitch.

* =briquets used in locomotive test (see p. 42).

f =briquets used in holise-boiler test (see p. 42).
FIELD WORK.

By EDWARD W. PARKER and J. SHOBER BURROWS

INTRODUCTION.

The conditions for submitting coal to be tested and the methods of 

inspecting the mine and obtaining mine supplies were the same for 

the period covered by this report as during the year 1905.°

PERSONNEL.

John W. Groves and William J. Von Borries inspected and shipped 

most of the samples until March, 1906, when Mr. Von Borries resigned. 

From March until July all the samples were shipped by Messrs. 

Burrows and Groves, with the exception of three from the State of 

Washington, which were secured by M. R. Campbell, of the geologic 

branch. At the beginning of the fiscal year, July 1, 1906, Mr. Parker 

was relieved of his duties in connection with this work and Mr. 

Burrows, who had directed the field work under Mr. Barker's supervision, was placed in'full charge of the corps of inspectors. During 

the summer and autumn F. B. Tough and A. K. Adams were employed for a few months, and K. M. Way and R. T. Carroll joined the 

corps of inspectors during this period. N. H. Darton, of the geologic 

branch, cooperated with the technologic branch in procuring samples 

from Montana.

DESIGNATION OF SAMPLES.

When the sample or car of coal is shipped it is marked with the 

name of the State in which the mine is situated and numbered consecutively in the order of shipment, the numbers for 1906 beginning 

where those for 1905 left off. When two or three cars or lots constituting different grades of coal, such as lump, nut, etc., are shipped 

from a mine, each lot is designated by a letter. For example, Illinois 

No. 23 A, the first shipment, is lump coal, and Illinois No. 23 B is 

slack coal taken from the same mine.

»See Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290,1906, p. 10. . 

12
FIELD WORK. IB 

SAMPLES RECEIVED AND TESTED.

During the period covered by this report 137 samples from 24 States 

and Territories and 1 sample from Argentina were received and 

tested.

The following is a complete list of the carload samples received, with 

the details of the location of the bed, character of the samples, 

inspector, and page references for all the tests made on these fuels 

during the period here included:
u REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

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No. 12 B....

No. 190.... 

No. 19 D....

No. 19 E.... 

No. 20......

No. 21 ...... 

No. 22 A.... 

No. 22 B ....

No. 23 A.... 

No. 23 B.... 

No. 24 A.... 

No. 24 B ....

No. 25 A .... 

 No. 25 B....

No. 2G......

No. 27......

No. 28 A .... 

No. 28 B .... 

No. 28C....

No. 29 A....

No. 29 B.... 

No. 30......

No. 31......

No. 33...... 

 No. 34 A ....

No. 34 B .... 

liana: 

No.lB.....

No. 5B.....

Bituminous; lump, over 6-inch 

shaking screen. 

Bituminous; through IJ-inch. 

shaking screen.

Bituminous; lump, over 2J-inch 

screen. 

Bituminous; lump, over 4-inch 

perforated shaking screen. 

Bituminous; nut, pea, and slack, 

through 2-inch perforated 

screen. 

Bituminous; lump, over 5-inch, 

perforated screen. 

Bituminous; slack, through 2- 

inch perforated screen. 

Bituminous; screenings, through 

2J-inch shaking screen. 

Bituminous: lump, over 54-inch 

bar screen. 

Bituminous; run of mine.. ...... 

Bituminous; lump, over If-inch 

screen.

.....do............................

Bituminous; size 5, washed.. .....

Bituminous; lump, over 3-inch 

round shaking screen. 

Bituminous; screenings, through 

2-inch shaking screen.

Bituminous; nut, through 3-inch 

and over 2-inch shaking screen. 

Bituminous; screenings, over 1Jinch shaking screen. 

Bituminous; screenings, through 

1J- inch shaking screen. 

Bituminous; screenings, over 1Jinch shaking screen.

Bituminous; screenings, through 

1-inch screen. 

Bituminous; screenings, through 

13-inch bar screen.

.....do........

No. 7. ........

.....do........

.....do. .......

No. 6.........

.....do........ 

.....do........ 

.....do........

.....do........ 

.....do........

.....do........

.....do........

.....do. ....... 

.....do........

No. 0.........

No. 7.........

.....do........

.....do........ 

No. 5. ........ 

.....do........

No. 0. ........ 

No. 7.........

No. 5.........

.....do........

No. 6.........

No. 5.........

2i6sl6r

.....do. .......

Troy......... 

Marysville. . . . 

.....do........

Donkville. .... 

.....do........

.....do...'.....

Germantown . 

.....do........

Herrin. ....... 

.....do........

.....do........ 

Livingstou . . . 

.....do........

Shiloh ........

.....do........

Mildred.......

WUliamson . . .

.....do........

.....do........

Macoupin. .... 

Madison. ..... 

.....do........ 

...'.. do. .......

.....do........ 

.....do........

.....do........

.....do........ 

.....do........

Williamson... 

.....do........

.....do........ 

Madison. 

.....do........

St. Clair..... .

.....do........

J... .do. .......

.....do........

St. Lou

Moun

South

Illinois 

......do

.....do.

Litchfle

Madis

St. Lou

and E

.....do

.....do

.....do

.....do

.....do

.....do

.....do

Chicago 

ton. 

.....do

Illinois 

.....do

.....do

Baltim

Ohio.

.....do

Terre 

.....do
16 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Continued. m-ade, States and by Samples fuesreceived of tests 

rt '

cj *S!}S9^ "BJOdnQ

* Jj -s^sa; Supioo °3 - - 

CO °

S : : : : :

i-i ' . . 

1 S '

'co '

: rt :

: 1 : :§3

-. S :::::: 

Oi(M'9' 

CNCOCO T-"-1 coco

 " .w OS CS ** »O t~ ^ o 's^so^ Sniurc9jg \ S2S25

o

C3

O

1 1 *

 a'

I '3

o 

o

I.

t -a

S "8

I

Kind offuel.

13 w

S"o

.:' ! S

O5 ^H 

CO . »

<N CN CO CO CO CO CO ^T 5

c5 CNCOCO coc§co° S

Uninspected. W.J.VonBor Groves. J.W.B. Tough. F. 

d as +j 

o 3 

Evansvi Terre HSouthern. Vandalia. .....do...

. o . .

o . o o c

§ i i i

-3 : : : a . §=! : 1

o^ : o

O3l> .OQ

t ' '°

03 £>

Greene .....do.

H Ws-ifflS

J JJco'Ju:

j ; c 

g $, -c

3s

i *

00 C

O O O O O O 

f !i

XI . 

en" ^ '

ob a ,

§ §*O

885

3 fl '§ 0 C 

3'T H'O'C

fQ ffl i

9« ciwt

^co rtrt^

o c a-c

IOCI

. M 7 a

:-a.§ e

S3 S S S 3 : S .:

CO"5

. . CO

. . . . as

10 oo . T- -<a r^ c

i : ': : s

^i t>- l-» O *H CO O

.

 £ 5; JJ S 3 8 S

; ; 13 o> ' T

! ; 9 S. «

O : O : log w . w

-o -a B > .B

'. '. '&''.£

"S'S : "§ : S.S 1 : os ; «

MM o '~> O O

g p'a ^ 'O t 

2 a) ' o ' 

o : tf :

.....do........... .....do........... Von Borries W J..

CO

1

1

1

8

i

o

EH 

M

>j 'a 

« o ! c ,-! 

- S * g 

o . § : » .£

05 5 S 0 "'S-S «§ 1 § gl§

': 1 ': 1

fe a e 

 6 -2 c 

: o' 3 &

, . . , . . .

C . . . . p

1 j i J Si N 1 

5 1 "I 1 III 1

PP nq H *-i . ' ,rt '

S "S.-S *^ 'S 0 ^-^ 1 ?f 0 

NON° t< "^ « 3"^

pa^« H : ^ :

« U fc-i «*0 i-t ' 3" : ^ ^

J * ' 3 ®

>|f|j 2 o

: § _, « 3^ B ffl i 3 3 = 

 O-«tlDOMO OOJOOMC 

'flg'rtfl^R'g pCfl.Hc

:pq pq pq : . pq pq f

1 <? CO ' CP ' '

 c-i PQ to t~oo oo o o ^

of mine. Semianthracite; run .

Bituminous; slack. .............. IJ-inch lump, Bituminous; over . 

bar screen.

Union .......

) M

60

2

CB

pq"8

6:

K

mine of- Bituminous run ;......... 

 M ..W '

O5 t (N CO K*1*^ °^

no 6666666 6 6 6^ t^6 6 66§6 6 360

M M*" W W
No 9 \

No. 9B.....

_i 

9 Missouri: 

§ No. 5.......

K

j No. C....... ~ 

= No. 7 A .....

$ No. 10......

£ Montana: 

 £ No 2

No. 3.......

- Now Mexico: 

r> No. 3 A..,..

No. 3 B.....

0. 

No. 3C.....

No. 4 A.....

No. 4 B .....

No. 5.......

Ohio: 

No. 10......

No. 12.. ; ...

Pennsylvania: 

No. 7. ......

No. 11......

No. 12......

No. 10......

No. 19......

No. 20......

and over f-inch screen.

.....do...................:........

.....do............................

bar screen.

J-inch shaking screen.

Bituminous-'; run i,-f mine. .......

screen.

inch screen.

inch screen.

bar screen. 

.....do............................

.....do.. ..........................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do...--...-.......----........

.....do............................

.....do..............---....---....

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do.............:..............

.....do.............................

No 9

.....do........

(?)

(?)

(?)

(?)

(?)

Main Raton, 

or Lower 

Laramie. 

.....do........

.....do........

.....do........

.....do........

.....do........

No. 5.........

No. S.........

.....do........

.....do........

.....do........

D.............

port. 

B,or Miller.. .

tanning.

.....do........

Hifirbee

.....do........

Van Houten . . 

.....do........

.....do........

.....do........

.....do. .......

.....do........

Adair. ........

.....do........

.....do........

Colfax........ 

.....do........

.....do........

.....do.. ......

.....do........

......do........

.....do........

'Vllecrhen v

.....do........

.....do..

.....do..

Ohio.

ton.

and Kan

.....do...

ton and 

.....do... 

Atchison, 

and San

.....do..

.....do..

.....do..

.....do..

.....do..

Ohio; 'P

vania li

Ohio.

Ohio; P

vania li

Ohio.

.....do..

.....do..

.....do..

..... do. ..

t....do..

.....do..
Samples of fuels received and tests made, by State

Field number 

of sample.

PennsylvaniaContinued. 

No. 21......

No: 22......

Rhode Island 

No. 1. 

Tennessee: 

No. 1.......

No. 2.......

No. 3. .......

No. 5.......

 No. 6.......

No. 7 A..... 

No.7B..... 

No. 8 A.....

No.SB..... 

No. 9 A.....

No. 9 B..... 

No. 9C.....

No. 10......

No. 11: .....

Texas: 

No. 3.......

Kind of fuel.

.....do............................

Graphitic. ........................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do.... .......................

.....do............................

Bituminous screenings, over Jby 1-inch screen; 

Bituminous slack, through J- by 

1-inch screen. 

Bituminous special, run of mine.

Bituminous screened, run of 

mine. 

Bituminous lump, over f-inch 

screen.

Bituminous washed slack .......

Bituminous slack, through 1Jinch screen.

Lignite; lump, over \ -incfi screen .

Name of bed.

Pittsburg. .... 

.....do. .......

CO

Log Mountain

Windrock, or 

Dean. 

Brushy Mountain. 

Lower Sewanee. 

Wilder

.....do........

First above 

Sewanee.

Sewanee

.....do........

.....do........ 

Battle Creek. .

Locality.

Connellsville.. 

Huff..........

Cranston ..... 

Fork Ridge...

.....do........

Oliver 

Springs.

Waldensia .... 

Wilder

.....do........

Clifty.........

.....do........

Coalmont. .... 

.....do........

.....do........

County.

Westmoreland 

Providence . . .

Claiborne.....

.....do........

Cumberland . .

.....do........

White

.....do........

Grundy. ...... 

.....do........

.....do........

Cumberland . .

Afiln.m

1

Ra

Pennsy

.....do

Louisv

Nash

.....do

.....do

......do

.....do

.....do

.....do

Nashvi

tano

Loui

.....do

.....do

.....do

.....do

.....do

Tennes

Intern

Grea
No. 4.......

UtahNo. 2.......

Virginia: 

No. 5 A .....

No. 5 B ..... 

No. 6.......

Washington : 

No. 1 A..... 

No. 1 B..... 

No. 2. ......

West Virginia: 

No. 11 B ....

'No. 16 A.... 

No. 22 A ....

No. 22 B.... 

No. 23 A. ...

No. 23 B.... 

No. 24......

No. 25......

Wyoming: 

No. 4.......

No. 5.......

No.6.......

Miscellaneous: 

Coke, "miseel 1 a n eous." 

Coke, 

"mixed." 

Collinsville, 

111. 

AV a s h e r y 

refuse. 

No. 5.......

No. 9.......

No. 10......

Bituminous; slack, through 1Jinch screen.

Anthracite; pea ..................

B ituminou s ; screenings, th rough 

IJ-inch screen.

.....do............................

Bituminous; slack, through 1Jinch screen.

Bituminous; lump, over l}-inch 

screen.

.....do............................

.....do............................

Dumpings from washing tests on 

bituminous coals.

.....do............................

(?)

(?)

Coalville, or 

Grass Creek.

Big seam. .... 

.....do........

No. 4 .........

!3(?)

Pocaho n t a s 

No. 3.

(?)

(?) 

Cedar Grove. .

.....do........

Pocaho n t a s 

No. 3. 

Black band . . .

Rock Springs. 

(?)

Hun tington 

Creek.

Blacksburg... 

.....do........

Renton ....... 

.....do........

Hernshaw .... 

.....do........

.....do........

Charleston (8 

miles southeast) . 

Rock Springs.

.....do........

Montgomery . . 

.....do........

King......... 

.....do........

McDowell.....

Kanawha ..... 

.....do........

.....do........

.....do........

McDowell..... 

Kanawha .....

Missouri, 

and Te

Union Pa

Norfol

Wester

.....do..

.....do..

Seattle E

.....do..

Northern 

Norfolk 

Wester

Baltim o

Ohio. 

Chesapea

Ohio. 

.....do..

Kanaw

Michig

Norfol

Wester

Chesapea

Ohio.

.....do..

.....do.
WORK OF THE CHEMICAL LABORATORY.

By N. W. LORD. 

INTRODUCTION.

The principal work of the chemical laboratory for the period 

covered by this report consisted in making routine analyses and 

calorimetric determinations of the various coals tested at the fueltesting plant. In addition to the regular work on coals, over 100 

samples of pig iron from the cupola tests on cokes were analyzed for 

silicon, sulphur, and manganese. Complete analyses were made of 

several slags, also from the cupola tests. A large number of mine 

samples, sent into the laboratory by inspectors *in different parts of 

the country, were analyzed. .

A few special lines of research, involving a certain amount of 

additional analytical work, were also carried on at the plant,, to study 

the characteristics of coals and to devise improvements in the methods 

of analysis employed. A report of this work is published in a bulletin of the Survey."

EQUIPMENT.

The routine and special work has been carried on in the laboratory 

that was fitted up in the foundry building of the plant, as described

in the report of the 1905 work.6 The following additional equipment 

has been installed: A thermoelectric pyrometer, a number of extra 

platinum crucibles, and an arithmometer to facilitate the reduction 

and the tabulation of the results. The addition of a number of new 

filing cases and other new office furniture greatly facilitated the proper 

keeping of laboratory records.

CHANGES IN ANALYTICAL METHODS.

There has been only one change of moment in the methods used in 

the laboratory; this was in the method of determination of the 

"volatile matter" in lignites. The old method of analysis was the 

same as that used in the analysis of coals, and was found to give,

a Lord, N W., Experimental work conducted in the chemical laboratory of the United States fueltesting plant at St. Louis, January 1, 1905, to July 31, 1906: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 323, 1907. 

6 See Bull. U.' S. Geol. Survey No. 290, p. 29, 1906.

20 '
WORK OF THE CHEMICAL LABORATORY. 21

when applied to lignites, results which were too high, owing to the 

excessive moisture present. It was modified by introducing a short 

preliminary heating at a low temperature before applying the full 

heat of the burner. This procedure was found to make practically 

no difference in the results obtained with bituminous coals, while it 

gave much more concordant and satisfactory results when applied to 

lignites. The experiments on this subject and the comparison of 

results by both methods are treated in detail in Bulletin No. 323.

PERSONNEL.

Prof. E. E. Somermeier was associate chemist during the period; 

F. M. Stanton, head chemist; G. A. Burrell, first assistant, and Karl 

M. Way, E. C. Waters, and J. W. Peters, assistants. In April Mr. 

Waters resigned and was succeeded by J. A. McCalip, who resigned 

in September, being succeeded by D. I. Brown. Mr. Way was transferred to the field section in August and was succeeded by G. 0. 

Spitler. K. C. Willis was added to the force in.December and J. H. 

Birdsong in January, 1907.

WORK OF THE LABORATORY.

During the period covered by this report, 2,100 samples of coal 

have been received in the laboratory, representing 21 States, 2 Territories, and 2 foreign fields:

. The proximate analysis and the determination of sulphur was made 

on practically all these samples, and on a large number of them the 

ultimate analysis and the determination of calorific value were also 

made. These determinations, with such other-analyses as were made 

of special materials employed in the tests, involved more than 12,000 

separate determinations.

The reduction of the results from the air-dried samples to the basis 

of condition as received, the calculation of the ultimate analyses and 

of the calorific values of the samples used in the steaming tests and 

the gas-producer tests, and the figuring of these results to the dry-coal 

basis were also performed by the laboratory force, involving practically the entire time of one man as a computer.

The analytical results are presented in the detailed report of tests 

on each sample. (See table, pp. 14-19.)

The analyses of mine and car samples given in this report are 

figured to the sample as received. In reporting the analyses of the 

coals used in steaming tests and all briquets, the proximate analysis 

is figured to the basis of coal ' 'as received/' but the ultimate analysis 

is figured on the dry-coal basis.
By L. P. BKECKENRIDGE.

EQUIPMENT.

The equipment of the steam-boiler section consisted of two Heine 

water-tube boilers,® similar in construction and setting. The principal proportions of the boiler settings are as follows:

Leading proportions of the boilers installed at the fuel-testing plant.

Rated capacity of boiler. ............................

................. square feet. .

Boiler Boiler 

No. 1. No. 2.

210 210 

2,031 2,031 

None. None. 

40.55 .36.4 

45 35 

.75 .75 

115 115 

7.67 7.67 

116 116 

80 80

Each boiler is provided with its own stack and fefd by its own 

injector.

Boiler No. 1 was equipped with a plain grate and boiler No. 2 

with the McClave rocking grate, but all the tests during the latter 

half of the period (tests 402-519) were conducted with a plain 

grate. Unless otherwise stated in the detailed report of steaming tests 

the plain grate was used. The furnace was of the Heine standard 

tile-roof type; no change was at any time made in the design.

PERSONNEL.

The following men were members of the steam-boiler section 

during the period covered by this report: Walter T. Ray, Henry 

Kreisinger, Harry W. Weeks, Charles H. Green, Robert H. Kuss, 

William M. Park, Fred Pahmeyer, Lloyd R. Stowe, R. H. Post, 

Ralph Gait, George S. Pope, G. E. Ryder, Fred W. Bird, Perry 

Barker, Lyman S. Weeks, Carl J. Fletcher, Clarence E. Woodman, 

and Charles E. Augustine. During the period Messrs. Green, Kuss, 

Park, Pahmeyer, Post, and L. S. Weeks resigned, and Messrs. 

Gait, Pope, and Ryder were assigned to other sections of the fuel 

investigations.

<» See Prof. Paper U. S. Geological Survey No. 48, p. 301, and Bulls. U. S. Geol. Survey Nos. 261, p. 74; 

290, p. 33; and 325, p. 173.

22
STEAMING TESTS. 28 

COALS TESTED.

In the scope of this report are included the results of 214 steaming 

tests on 106 coals from 23 domestic States and Territories and from 

Argentina, as follows:

Steaming tests, made, by States.

Coal.

Alabama: 

No. 2 B .............

No. 3................

No. 4................

No. 5.. ..............

No. 6................

No. 7 A. .............

No. 8-. ..............

No. 10. ..............

No. 7E..............

No. 90..............

No. 12 B.............

No. 19C.............

No. 19 D. ............

No. 19 E.. ...........

No. 20...............

No:21...............

No. 22 A...........'..

No. 23 A. ............

No. 24 B. ............

Nos. 25 A and 25 B

No. 26...............

No. 27...............

No. 28 A ............

No. 28 B ............

.No. 28C. ............

No 29 A

No 29 B

No. 30...............

No. 31. ..............

No. 33.... ............

No. 34 B ............

No. 12...............

No. 13...............

No. 15...............

No. 10...............

No. 17...............

No. 18 B ............

Number of 

tests.

 3

2

1

2

3

1

1

1

1

2

1

2

2

3

3

3

4

2

2

2

1

1

q

1

2

.1

0

2

2

9

2

2

Coal.

Indiana Continued . No 19

No. 2B.............

No. 20.....,;........

Nos. 2 B and 2 C

. No. 8................

No. 9................

No. 2 B. .............

No. 6. ...............

No. 8................

No. 9 B. .............

No. 5................

No. 6................

No. 7 A. .............

No. 7B..............

No. 10...............

No. 2................

No. 3. ...............

New Mexico*

No. 3 A. .............

No. 3B..............

No. 30..............

No.4 A..............

No. 4B..............

No. 5................

No. 10...............

No. 12...............

No. 7. ...............

No. 15...............

No. 10...............

No. 17...............

 No. 18...............

No 19

No. 20...............

No. 22...............

Number of 

tests.

1

1

1

1

2

3

2

2

1

3

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

2

 1

1

1

2

1

1

3

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

Coal.

Tennessee: 

No. 1. ...............

No. 2. ...............

No.3. ...............

" No. 5................

No. 0................

No. 7 A..............

No. 7 B. .............

Nos. 8 A and 8 B

(mixed)...........

No. 9 A. .............

Nos. 9 B and 9 C

(mixed) ...........

No. 10...............

Utah:

No. 1 with Rhode

No. 2 with Khode

'No. 2................

Virginia:

No. 5 A. .............

No. 5 B. .............

No. C................

No. IB..............

No. 2................

West Virginia:

No. 10 A.............

No. 22 A. ............

No. 22 B. ............

No. 23 A. ............

No. 23 B. ............

No. 4................

No. 0................

Collinsville..........

Number of 

tests.

5

3

2

3

3

3

3

1

3

3

1

2

3

2

1

3

2

1

1

1

4

2

3

1

2

2

1

2

1

7

1

214

The detailed results of the steaming tests may be found by referring 

to the index table on pages 14-19. The results of eleven additional 

tests, run for special purposes during the period, are not included in 

this report, but will appear later, with.discussions, and those of seven 

tests made during the period on coals received in 1905 are also 

reserved for future publication.

Many interesting conclusions are obtainable from the "boiler 

tests" so far made, but a discussion of them will require so much 

space that it has been decided to present all such conclusions, together 

with a large amount of experimental work, in a separate publication 

entitled "A Study of Four Hundred Steaming Tests." 0

' Bull. U. S. Gcol. Survey No. 325,1907.
24 EEPOKT II. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

GENERAL RESULTS. :

It is the purpose of the boiler section to make a careful detailed 

study of the process. of combustion and heat absorption so as to 

determine what happens everywhere in the furnace with each individual coal, and thus to find the road which may lead to new methods 

of testing the burning qualities of coals, independently of..the consideration of utilizing the heat and temperature thus produced. A 

large amount of such work has already been done and is discussed in 

the above-mentioned "Study;" for instance, the simultaneous taking 

of temperatures and samples for gas analysis at several points along 

the path of combustion, from the surface of the grate bars to the exit 

ot the boiler. Such data are now -at hand for many coals, but as the 

field of work is new it will be necessary to procure an enormous 

amount of information before any safe conclusions can be drawn. 

It is hoped that in the near future a. very long combustion chamber 

will be built for special work of this kind. 

One remarkable result of these investigations, discussed in the 

"Study," is an experimental proof, reached from several directions, 

of the correctness of a surmise sometimes made by engineers, that 

the efficiency of any individual boiler as a heat absorber does not 

change with the amount of fuel burned, but remains fairly constant. 

The trouble seems to be that ordinarily not as much heat as has 

heretofore been supposed comes into contact with the boiler because 

of incomplete combustion. This theory has lately been strengthened by routine analyses which have been run for hydrocarbons and 

free hydrogen in the flue gases, and which show some traces of large 

amounts of these combustible gases. The only mathematical deduction of this theory known to the writer is that made by John Perry 

in his book, "The Steam Engine and Gas and Oil Engines," page 

591, in which he arrives at the following formula from the kinetic 

theory of gases and the laws of heat conductivity:

E = Z-(e)_g

where E = efficiency of boiler as a heat absorber.

e=base of natural system of logarithms, 2.718:

c Si constant for any individual boiler, dependent on the

general layout of the gas passages. 

Z3=length of fire tube in any units. 

D=internal diameter of fire tube in the same units. 

Of course the above equation is deduced only for the case of one 

fire tube, clean inside and out, where there is no heat absorption due to 

radiation, but it ought to apply to any boiler, and the indications are 

that it does so apply, with suitable modifications of the constants, and 

that this true boiler efficiency is surprisingly constant in actual practice. It must be remembered, however, that these results are obtained 

from, one plant necessarily limited in its scope of investigation.
PRODUCER-GAS TESTS.

By ROBERT H. FERNALIX

EQUIPMENT.

During the period covered by this, report the only change in the 

equipment of the producer-gas testing plant 0 aside from minor 

changes in details leading either to higher efficiency or to greater 

ease in manipulation has been the introduction of a crude but 

effective piece of apparatus for extracting .the moisture from the tar. 

The apparatus operates by heating the tar moderately and stirring

it very slowly, and consists of a corrugated-iron tank with a steam

coil in the bottom and a 2-inch outlet for the tar about 6 inches from 

the bottom. The tank holds about 8 barrels of tar, and is provided 

with a stirring device driven by an electric motor at the rate of not 

more than five turns per minute. By means of this apparatus the 

moisture in the tar is reduced to about 10 per cent, but samples 

showing as low as 3 per cent have been procured, the amount of 

moisture left in the tar depending largely on the duration of the 

treatment.

PERSONNEL.

Capt. John A. Laird, a consulting engineer of St. Louis, who 

became connected with the plant in September, 1904, continued the 

-supervision of the operating details of the tests until the first of 

November, 1906. He was assisted by J. P. Quam and Kurt Toensfeldt.

During the period from November 1 to December 15, 1906, C. 0. 

Nordensson, who had formerly been connected with the plant, 

assumed the supervision, at the end of which period Mr. Quam gave 

up his connection with the Westinghouse Machine Company in order 

to devote his entire attention to this position. Mr. Nordensson and 

Mr. Quam were assisted by C. D. Smith and John Laichinger.

Until the latter part of June, 1906, Mr. Quam continued the direction of the operation of the gas engine. At that time he was. called 

away from the testing plant by the Westinghouse Company, his place 

being taken by Clyde A. Gilmore. Messrs. Quam and Gilmore had 

as assistant engine operators R. E. Peshak until May 31, 1906; 

F. V. Roy until July 31, 1906; Curt Adler throughout the entire 

period; W. B. Lemmon after June 1, 1906; John Laichinger after 

July 18, 1906; and John Suter after November 1, 1906.

«See Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290.-

25
26 BEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

W. C. Weidmann, who had been connected with the plant since 

September, 1904, continued in charge of the computations until 

April 5, .1907, and had as his assistant during the period covered by 

this report C. L. Armstrong. Upon the resignation of Mr. Weidmann,. 

Lauson Stone was made head computer and Spencer Howell became 

his assistant.

The chemical work of the producer-gas tests has been under the 

supervision of H. A. Grine. He has had the following assistants: 

J. G. Goodwin until November 30, 1906; W. L. Hempelmann, July 1, 

1905, to October 31, 1906; D. A. Barclay since November 1, 1906; 

J. K. Black since November 21, 1906; and H. M. Cooper since 

February 10, 1907.

January 1, 1907, a series of special investigations on small gas 

engines was begun. The details of these tests were placed in the 

hands of R. M. Strong.

The observations connected with the various tests have been 

made by L. A. Delano until November 30, 1906; S. P. Howell until 

transferred to the computing room; Julian Teza until March 1, 1907; 

W. J. Harris, jr., since February 19, 1906; E. C. Herrling since 

February 1, 1906; W. B. Lemmon, May 1, 1905, to May 31, 1906; 

H. C. Austin from July 20, 1906, to April 5, 1907; A. B. Bridgeman 

during June, 1906; J. C. Barnaby since January 1, 1907; L. C. 

Hopkins since January 1, 1907; B. W. Loye from January 1, 1907, 

to April 30, 1907; P. G. Weidner from January 1, 1907, to March 30, 

1907; and D. F. Smith since November 15, 1906.

REGULAR AND SPECIAL TEST CONDITIONS.

The operating conditions have been maintained practically the 

same as during 1905. The regular schedule consists of two sixtyhour test runs per week. The first eight to twelve hours of each 

run are used for getting the fuel bed into uniform and efficient condition. Although records are taken during this preliminary period, 

the official test, as reported, includes only the last forty-eight or 

fifty hours of the run, during which time the conditions are maintained as uniform as possible.

One test, however, designated as "Producer-gas test 105," was 

carried far beyond the sixty-hour period, in order to establish 

beyond doubt the reliability of the gas producer and the gas engine. 

The report of this test (see p. 90), which was continued for 562 consecutive hours, will therefore be of special interest.

Tests on Massachusetts peat heretofore reported a were not entirely 

successful, because the amount furnished was sufficient only for a 

nine-hour test. It was demonstrated, however, beyond doubt, that 

the fuel would generate an excellent gas Jor power purposes.

a See Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290;
PBODUCEB-GAS TESTS. 27

Subsequent to this test a liberal supply of peat from Florida was 

procured, sufficient to charge the producer properly, and an excellent full-time test (producer-gas test 117, see p. 77) was made on it, 

with no admixture of other fuel. The results were exceedingly 

satisfactory.

COALS TESTED.

During the period covered by this report, 69 a producer-gas tests 

have been made on 61 coals from 16 States and 1 Territory, as 

follows:

Producer-gas tests made, by States.

Coal.

Alabama: 

No. 4. ...............

No. G.. ..............

N0.7A...... .......

No. 8. ...............

No. 10...............

Illinois:

No. 19 C.. ...........

No. 21...............

No. 22 A............

No. 23 A............

No. 23 B............

No. 24 B............

No. 25 B............

No. 26...............

No. 27. ..............

No. 29 B............

No. 30...............

No. 12...............

No. 13. ..............

No. 14...............

No. 15...............

No. 10...............

Number of 

tests.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

2

1

Coal.

Indiana Continued. 

No. 18B............

No.2................

No. 3. ...............

No.3 A.............

No.4 A.............

No. 5.. ..............

Ohio:

No. 10. ..............

No. 11. ..............

No. 12...............

No. 11...............

No. 12...............

No. 13...............

No. 15...............

No. 16...............

No. 17...............

No. 22...............

No.l. ...............

- No.2................

No.3................

No.4................

Number ol 

tests.

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Coal.

Tennessee Continued. 

No. 5. ...............

No. 6. ...............

No. 7 A.....:.......

Nos. 8 A and 8 B

No.3................

No.4................

Utah No.l..............

Virginia:

No.SA.... .........

No. 6.. ..............

No. 1 A.............

No. IB..........:..

. No.2................

No. 11 B............

No. 24...............

No. 25...............

No.4................

No. 5. ...............

No. 6................

Number of

tests.

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

The results of the producer-gas tests are given in brief on subsequent pages, and may be found by referring to the index table (p. 14).

SUMMARY.

In presenting the following brief summary of the tests made during the period covered by this report it has seemed desirable to 

compile the data in such form that a direct comparison could be 

made between the different types of fuel used. The fuels have 

therefore been divided into bituminous coals, lignites, bone coal, and 

peat. The results from peat are confined to those obtained from the 

single test on Florida peat, and might possibly be modified somewhat if they were averaged with results of several tests of peat from 

various sections of the country. The figures given for the mixture 

of tar, water, soot, etc., delivered by the tar extractor per ton of 

coal are very rough. Slight changes in the methods used in operating the plant will vary these figures considerably, although the 

results given represent fair average values.

" Four tests not included in this number were attempted, but the resulting data were insufficient to 

report.
Summary of results of producer-gas tests January 1, 19

Calorific value per pound of f uel j^ J""ed ------------------ B.^t. u. .

uas per pound or ruei-j^ ^Q

Fuel, per square foot of fuel-bed area per hour||^red - - -Pounds. .

Equivalent fuel per electrical horsepower devel-/as fired, .pounds. .

Ratio of total fuel used under boiler per electrical horsepower to

Mixture of tar, water, and soot delivered by tar extractor per ton of 

fuel: 

After water separator was installed. .................pounds..

Composition of fuel:

Composition of gas produced (volumetric):

Ethylene (CjHO .......................................... do. ...

Bituminous 'coal.

Number of 

tests.

56 

56 

56 

38 

38 

42 

42 

42 

41 

41

29

15 

3

56 

56 

56 

56 

56

47 

47 

47 

47 

47 

47 47 '

Average.

12,232 

13,062 

151.0 

61.0 

64.9 

7.35 

6.84 

11,314 

1.57 

1.46

2.84

308 

193.

6.48 

32.21 

50.23 

11.08 

2.30

9.9 

0.0 

19.2 

15.0 

02.2 

53.2 

0.5

Maximum.

14, 170 

14.524 

171.6 

940 

96.4 

10.50 

9.30 

12, 580 

2.24 

1.99

3.66

624 

396

14.77 

42.46 

69.01 

20.57 

5.14

12.2 

0.1 

23.4 

20.5 

2.9 

57.2 

0.7

Minimum.

10,013 

11,547 

122. 5 

45.5 

51.3 

4.67 

4.50 

9,700 

0.99 

0.97

2.43

92 

52

1.62 

9.70 

38.81 

3.70 

0.28

7.9 

0.0 

16.4 

 12.6 

1.0 

48.2 

0.1

Number of 

tests.

10 

10 

10 

3 

3 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5

4

2 

6

10 

10 

10 

10 

10

7

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7

a Estimated. The actual average amount of bone coal consumed in the producer per electrical horsep

It is estimated that the equivalent of this coal required to make the steam used in the producer was 0.2 p
WASHING TESTS.

By G. R. DELAMATER.

INTRODUCTION.

During the first six months of the period covered by this report 

the washing tests were conducted under the direction of John D. 

Wick, assisted by Edward Moore. J. H. Gould was in charge of the 

tests from July 16, 1906, to October 13, 1906, and G. K.Delamater 

was in charge from November 15, 1906, throughout the balance of 

the period.

EQUIPMENT AND OPERATION.

The Stewart jig used during 1905 a was employed in making all 

tests until February 22, 1906, when the washer plant was almost 

entirely destroyed by fire, and with it a few samples of coal that were 

stored in the bins. The plant was immediately rebuilt, and similar 

equipment and methods were used for the tests made till November 

15, 1906.

During December, 1906, a special jig was installed. This jig was 

of the center-plunger type; that is, the plunger was directly beneath 

the screen, and its upward stroke caused the pulsation. The plunger 

had no valves, but instead valves were arranged in the sides of the 

jig body to admit the water supply on the downstroke of the plunger. 

Cams and springs were so arranged that the plunger had a slow downward and a quick upward stroke. The screen of this jig was 4 by 5 

feet in area and was made of strips of No. 10 wire running lengthwise 

of the-screen frame and set one-sixteenth of an inch apart. The 

length of stroke was adjustable up to 4 inches. The depth of the coal 

bed was also adjustable.

Owing to the fact that the power for operating the washer plant 

was furnished by a 12 by 16 inch Frost steam engine, belted to a main 

shaft from which the jigs and other machinery were driven-, it was 

impossible to change the speed of the jigs. Better results could have 

been obtained on some coals tested had it been possible to change the 

speed to suit the length of stroke used.

« Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290,1906, p. 31. 29'
30 EEPOBT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

As the only crusher available for this work was an 18 by 24 inch 

Cornish tooth-roll crusher, it was impossible to crush some coals as 

fine as was desirable. However, an adjustable-mesh bumping screen 

was installed in January, 1907, in such a manner that the coal was 

first passed over this screen and the tailings then passed on to the 

crusher, while the coal which went through the screen dropped into 

the bin over the jig. The product of the crusher was then elevated 

again to the screen, and this cycle of operation was repeated until all 

the coal passed through the screen.

In December, 1906, a "float and sink" testing equipment was 

installed. Before each washing test was made samples of the raw 

coal, quartered down to 2 kilograms each, were tested on four different specific-gravity solutions. In this manner it was possible to 

make a preliminary determination of the result of a separation under 

varying percentages of washed coal and refuse, and the coal was then 

washed with the jig regulated to discharge, as refuse, a percentage 

about equal to the percentage found advisable from the float and sinktests. After a washing test was made a sample of the refuse was 

taken and quartered down to four samples of 2 kilograms each, and 

these were also tested on the specific-gravity solutions. The test 

showing the highest percentage of float coal and having an analysis 

which agreed fairly with that of the washed coal was then used in 

determining the percentage of loss of good coal in the refuse. In this 

manner the efficiency of the test was shown.

EXPLANATION OF THE WASHING-TEST DATA.

The only parts of the washing-test tables requiring explanation are 

the "Per cent reduction" and "Amounts actually removed" as given 

in the note accompanying the tables. The per cent of reduction is 

obtained by comparing the percentages of impurities in the raw coal 

with those in the washed coal. It will be readily understood that if 

the ash alone be reduced by washing the fixed carbon and volatile 

matter will show a higher percentage in the washed coal than in the 

raw coal, flowever, in actual practice it is impossible to make so 

perfect a separation that there will be no portions of constituents 

other than the impurities removed in washing, and therefore the percentage of any one constituent in the washed coal is affected by the 

reduction of each of the other constituents, This is clearly indicated 

in test 192, on Alabama No. 6 (see p. 60), and in test 198, on Virginia 

No. 6 (see p. 271). By comparing the analyses of raw and washed coal 

in test 1'92 we find the same percentage of sulphur in the washed coal 

as in the raw coal, and in test 193 the sulphur in the washed coal is 

higher than it was in the raw coal. It will therefore be seen that a 

simple comparison of the analyses of raw and washed coal does not 

always show whether any of the sulphur in the raw coal was actually 

removed with the refuse in washing.
WASHING TESTS. 31

In order that this point might be determined, the following formulas were derived and used in making up this report. It will be noted 

by referring to the test data that in test 192 (p. 60) 10 per cent of the 

original sulphur in the raw coal was removed with the refuse in washing, and in test 198 (p. 271) 13 per cent of the original sulphur was 

removed. 

Let X = the percentage of reduction of any constituent.

Y = the percentage of the constituent removed by washing.

M = the percentage that 'the amount of the constituent in the

washed coal is of the amount in the raw coal, 

ft the percentage that the washed coal is of the raw coal. 

Z> = the percentage of the constituent in the washed coal. 

c = the percentage of the constituent in the raw coal. 

Then 

c-fr c-M 

* ~ c ~~ ~~ c

COALS TESTED.

During the period covered by this report" 61 washing tests were 

made on 57 coals from 14 domestic States and Territories and Argentina, as follows:

Washing tests made, by States.

Coal.

Alabama: 

No. 2 B .............

No.3. ...............

No. 4................

No. 5................

No. 0................

No.lB.... .........

No. 7 B .............

No. 8................

No. 9................

No. 20...............

No. 21. ..............

No. 22 A ............

No. 22 B ............

No. 23 A ............

'No. 23 B ........ .1. ..

No. 24 A .........'...

No. 24 B ............

No. 25 A ............

No. 20...............

No. 27. ..............

No. 28 C.............

Number of 

tests.

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

I 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Coal.

Illinois Continued. 

No. 29 A............

No. 30...............

No. 34 A............

No. 34 B ............

No. 12...............

No. 20...............

No.2B.............

No. 8. ...............

No. 2 B .............

No.G. ...............

No. 2 B.. ...........

No 9 A

No. 5................

No. 7 A .............

No. 7B. ............

No.3C..... .........

No. 4 B. .............

Number of 

tests.

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Coal.

New Mexico Continued. 

No. 5. ...............

Ohio No. 12.............

No. 12.............'..

No. 15. ..............

No. 17...............

No. 20. ..............

No.l.'.. .............

No.5. ...............

No. 7 B .............

No.9B.............

No. 10...............

No. 11 ...............

No. 22 A............

No. 23B.... ........

Number of 

tests.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

The detailed results of the washing tests may be found on the pages 

referred to in the index table (pp. 14-19).

"Besides these tests, two tests not reported herein were made, 'as follows: Tests ir>5 and 154, 

Missouri Nos. G and 7, respectively (coal burned in the flre at the plant).
COKING TESTS.

By A. W. BELDEN.

INTRODUCTION.

The coking tests for the period covered by this report were made in 

the two beehive ovens that were employed in the 1905 tests, and the 

method of procedure was the same. a

The personnel of the section remained the same, the writer being 

assisted by W. E. Vickers, of Pocaho.ntas, Va.

COALS TESTED.

In the scope of this report, covering the period from January 1, 

1906, to February 20, 1907, are included results from 98 coking tests 

on 57 coals from 17 States and 1 Territory, as follows: .

Cokiny tests made, by States.

Coal.

Alabama: 

No. 2B..............

No.3. .':.........:....

No. 4........'........

No. 5..'..............

No. 6................

Arkansas:

No.lB.............

No. 7B.............

No. 9. ...............

No. 20...............

No. 21...............

No. 22B... ..........

No. 23 A ............

No. 23 B.... .........

No. 24 A.............

No. 24 B. ............

No. 25 A............

No. 26...............

 No. 27.. ...:.........

No. 28 -C. ............

No. 29 A............

No. 34 B............

Number of

tests.

1

2

2

1

2

4

2

5

1

2

2

1

2

2

1

2

1

1

2

1

Coal.

Indiana: 

No. 12...............

No. 17...............

No. 18 A .............

Kansas No. 0. ...........

No.8. ......'.........

No. 9 A. .............

No. 3C...........'...

No. 4B.............

No. 5................

Nos. 3 C, 4 B, and 5

Ohio No. 12.............

No. 11...............

No. 12............:..

No. 15. ..............

No. 17...............

No. 19...............

No. 20...............

No. 21...............

Number of 

tests.

3

1

2

2

o

1

1

2

2

2

1

1

1

9

2

2

2

5

Coal.

Tennessee: 

No. 1. ...............

No. 2................

No.3................

- No. 4................

No. 5................

No.G. ...............

No. 7B.............

No. 8 B .............

No. 9................

No. 10...............

No. 11...............

Utah:

No. 1................

No. 1 (with Rhode

Island No. .1)......

West Virginia No. 25.....

Number of 

tests.

2

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

' 98

Of these 98 tests, 39 were made on raw coal, 51 on washed coal, 

5 on washed, coal with the addition of pitch, 1 on washed coal with 

the addition of asphalt, and 2 on raw coal with the addition of graphitic coal low in Arolatile matter.

a See Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290, 1900.

32
COKING TESTS. . 33

Of the 57 different coals, 4 produced no coke, viz, Illinois No. 21, 

Illinois No. 24 A, Indiana No. 18 A, and Wyoming No. 5.

Two efforts were made (tests 141 and 157) to improve coke from 

Utah No. 1, by mixing with this coal 33$ per cent and 25 per cent, 

respectively, of Rhode Island No. 1, a graphitic coal containing 4.92 

per cent volatile matter, the idea being to reduce the volatile matter 

to approximate that contained in good coking coal. In the test 141 

no coke was produced; test 157 gave 3,504 pounds of very inferior 

coke, and 3,208 pounds of breeze (p 263).

The results of the coking tests may be found in the detailed report 

of each sample presented on the following pages.

FUTURE WORK.

It has been decided to move this section of the plant to Denver, 

Colo., in order to take up the question of producing coke from western 

coals and to experiment further with the addition of volatile hydrocarbons to noncoking coals and to^coals producing an inferior grade 

of coke. Tests will also be made with the mixing of coals, and different degrees of fineness of crushing. The scope of the work will be 

extended to include by-product coke.

19698, Bull. No. 332 OS ^3
CUPOLA TESTS ON COKE.

By RICHARD MOLDENKE.

EQUIPMENT.

Owing to the removal of one of the cupolas which served for the 

tests on foundry coke during the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, all 

the tests made since then were conducted in the 36-inch Whiting 

foundry cupola. The 36-inch shell was relined to 26 inches internal 

diameter. There were four horizontal tuyeres 11 inches above the 

sand bottom, and the total tuyere area was 96 square inches, giving a 

ratio with the cupola area of 1 to 5.96. By training the crew properly 

it was "possible to run off two heats a day without interruption.

PERSONNEL.

The cupola tests were conducted by W. G. Ireland, under the direction of A. W. Belden, the coke expert of the Geological Survey, and 

with the advice of Dr. Richard Moldenke, in charge of the cupola tests 

of the fuel-testing plant.

METHOD OF TESTING. i

The method of testing has been fully described in the report of the 

fuel-testing plant for 1904.° It was sometimes necessary to vary the 

proportion of scrap to pig iron, according to the supply toward the end 

of the tests, but the total amounts were kept correct as planned for 

the general series of tests.

After completing the tests on the available cokes in the regular way, 

so that the results might be comparable with the previous work of the 

section, a further series of tests was made on some of these cokes. In 

these tests the bed coke was not kept at a constant height above the 

tuyeres, but the carbon content was calculated from the analysis of 

the particular coke, and a sufficient amount taken to make up 175 

pounds of carbon,- regardless of the height above the tuyeres. The 

results, which show interesting features, are withheld for a publication

a Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48, pt. 3,1906, pp. 1367-1370. 

34
CUPOLA TESTS ON COKE. 35

dealing with coals received during 1905. Some cokes gave better 

melting ratios and melting rates per hour than with the ordinary test 

methods and others gave inferior results. The tests were made to 

show the advisability, on the part of the manufacturer as well as of 

the foundryman, of studying the conditions of cupola practice with a 

view to adopting those methods which give the best results.

COKES TESTED.

The results of 69 a cupola tests on 33 different cokes made from 

fuels from 11 States and 1 Territory are included in this report. Many 

of these tests are on washed samples, and several of the .tests were 

repeated in order to get more satisfactory results. The origin of the 

samples and the number of tests made are as follows:

Cupola tests made on coke, by Stales.

Coal.

No. 2 B .............

No. 3................

No. 4................

No. IB.............

No.7B.............

No. 9. ...............

No. 22 B ............

No. 29 A ............

No. 12...............

No. 17...............

No. 8................

No. 9 A.............

Number of 

tests.

2

3

4

2

 2

2

1

3

1

1

3

3

Coal.

No. 4B.............

No. 5................

No. 11...............

No. 12...............

No. 21.. .............

No. 1 ......'..........

No. 2................

No. 3.. ..............

No. 4................

No.5. ...............

Number of

tests.

l

2

1

2

0

1

q

2

2

3

2

Coal.

No. 6................

No.7B... ..........

No. 10...............

No. 11.. ..............

Utah No. 1 ..............

Number of 

tests.

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

2

09

The detailed results of the standard series of tests on these cokes 

may be found by referring to the index table (pp. 14-19).

a This number does not include the tests on fuels received during 1905, many of which were conducted during this period. These tests are reserved for future publication.
BRIQUETTING TESTS.

By 0. T. MALCOLMSON.

INTRODUCTION.

During the latter part of 1905 tests were conducted a on briquets 

made in the briquetting machine built by William Johnson & Sons, 

Leeds, England, and hereinafter called the. "English" machine. No 

attempt was made to obtain data on these tests other than superficial 

observations on combustion. The results were entirely satisfactory, 

and it was therefore decided to continue, during 1906, to make 

briquets from the surplus of samples of coal sent to the plant, in 

order to substantiate with practical tests the conclusions reached 

from laboratory experiments made during the previous year.

PERSONNEL.

On January 1, 1906, the writer was instructed to proceed with 

these investigations. W. J. Chapman was placed in charge of the 

operation of the machines, making the briquets used in the tests 

and assisting as observer in obtaining the accompanying data, and 

Robert Strasser, of Vienna, was .placed in charge of the chemical 

laboratory of this section. To this staff were added G. E. Ryder, in 

charge of locomotive tests, assisted by Ralph Gait as gas chemist and 

computer and C. W. Vocke as observer; also C. L. Wright, in charge 

of physical tests.

EQUIPMENT.

The work of briquetting the samples already reported for other 

tests made during 1905 6 was barely started when the briquetting 

plant and all stored briquets and fuels were entirely destroyed or 

ruined by fire. In rebuilding the. plant, provision was made for the 

installation of an experimental briquetting machine of the plunger 

type, 'built in St. Louis after several years of experimentation and 

known herein as the " Renfrew'' machine. The fundamental difference 

between it and the English machine is that the Renfrew machine

a Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290,1906, pp. 40-52. 

6 Bull U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290,1906. ' , 

36
BEIQUETTING TESTS. . 37

makes briquets at each end of the stroke of the plunger. By this 

design the briquets are kept under compression in the dies twice as 

long for the same output as they are in machines of the English type. 

The same length of time for compression being assumed,, however, 

and other conditions being equal, the Renfrew machine has double the 

output of other plunger-type machines. The period of compression 

is determined by experience and fixes the speed of the machine. The 

longer the pressure remains on the warm charge the greater the cohesion and the better the briquet, but the smaller the output.

Twelve briquets are made on the Renfrew machine at each end of 

the stroke, or 24 in each revolution. At 12 revolutions per minute the 

output was 4 tons per hour, on an average, for all fuels. The machine 

was successfully operated at 16 revolutions per minute with a relatively increased capacity, but the lower speed was better adapted to 

the experimental work. The pressure obtainable under ordinary 

working conditions never exceeded 1,000 pounds per square inch, 

whereas a pressure of 2,000 to 2,500 pounds per square inch is considered necessary to make satisfactory briquets. For this reason it was 

found necessary to use a softer pitch and a greater percentage of binder 

than on the English machine, in order to make good briquets. The 

fault was somewhat obviated on the Renfrew machine by the jacketed 

heaters, which made it possible to control absolutely the moisture 

content. Advices have been received that the Renfrow Company 

has begun the construction of a new machine capable of producing 

higher pressure, and much stronger and heavier in every way. The 

briquets will be 3| inches in diameter and will weigh 12 ounces each.

The English machine was not seriously damaged by the fire, but in 

repairing it considerable care was taken to strengthen certain parts, 

to provide better lubrication and alignment, and to replace the tight 

and loose pulleys with friction clutches. The new plant was first 

operated in May, 1906, and as a result of previous experience it contained some improvements in the methods of crushing, mixing, and 

conveying the fuel, and of preparing the fuel and binder before briquetting. The new auxiliary equipment for the two machines was not 

materially different from that originally belonging to the English 

machine.0

The foundation of the Stedman disintegrator was raised to a level 

with the floor so as to be more accessible. A storage bin of 40 tons 

capacity, divided into four equal compartments, was built sufficiently 

high above the charging floor to allow coal to be drawn by gravity 

into the hopper scales placed on this floor. A pitch cracker was so 

placed beside the scales that pitch, from it and coal from the scales 

could pass uniformly to a mixing conveyor directly under the charging 

floor and be discharged into the disintegrator on the floor below. By

oProf. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48,1906, p. 1392;' Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290, 1906, p. 40.
38 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

this arrangement small samples of coal and binder could be turned 

on the charging floor and fed by hand into the conveyor through a 

hole in the floor. A bucket elevator and a divided chute provided 

with a gate served to convey the fuel from the disintegrator either 

to the agglomerating cylinder of the English machine or to the storage bin built above and directly behind the Renfrew machine. This 

bin contained an agitator to prevent the fine fuel from packing. The 

fuel was carried from the bin to the hoppers of the Renfrew machine 

by belt conveyors, the amount delivered being regulated by gates 

in the bottom of the bin. Provision was made for the use of either 

liquid or hard pitch as a binder for briquets made on the Renfrow 

machine. During the hot weather considerable difficulty was experienced in conveying the finely divided and thoroughly mixed 

coal and pitch from the disintegrator to the Renfrow machine. This 

difficulty was obviated by introducing the melted hard pitch into 

the coal as it entered the hoppers of the machine, care being taken 

to maintain uniform temperature and rate of flow of the pitch.

The bronze bushings of the dies in the Renfrow machine were 

renewed toward the end of the period, and it was thought advisable 

to place.heavier springs behind the plungers, as those in the machine 

when it was installed had been tiadly jammed and weakened by 

double charges. Similar renewals were made on the English machine, in which all of the partition walls of the bronze bushings were 

cracked, owing to improper alignment of the plungers and unequal 

loading of the dies.

The necessity of maintaining a comparatively large force of common laborers about the plant for careful handling of samples, both 

in the raw and briquetted form, justified the use of more labor in the 

actual briquetting. operations than would be found in a commercial 

plant. The thorough cleaning of all conveyors, bins, and auxiliary 

apparatus before briquetting each sample was of as much importance 

for comparative results as the actual briquetting of the fuel; consequently no attempt was made to develop mechanical means for 

doing this work.

THE BRIQUETS. 

DESCRIPTION.

The essential differences between finished briquets from the English 

and Renfrow machines are (1) the shape, (2) the size, and (3) the 

cohesion of the warm briquet.

The English briquet is rectangular, 4J by 6f inches, and averages 

2f inches in thickness and 3£ pounds in weight. The Renfrow 

briquet is made in biscuit shape, being a short cylinder 3 inches in 

diameter, having rounded ends, the thickness between the ends 

ranging from 1J to 3 inches according to the fuel. The average 

weight is 8 ounces. 
BBIQUETTING TESTS. 39

The difference in cohesion of these two briquets as they come from 

the machine is due mainly to the method of treating the fuel before 

compressing it into briquets. In the English machine a charge is 

fed into the agglomerating cylinder, where it is heated by passing 

steam through the mass, superheated steam being used if the coal 

is high in moisture. The finished briquet consequently contains an 

excess of moisture, which retards hardening and necessitates careful 

handling until the briquets become cold. In the treatment of fuel 

for the Renfrow machine, uncombined moisture is reduced to as low 

a point as practicable. The mixing of the mass is accomplished 

uniformly and continuously in jacketed cylinders, using superheated 

steam. Toward the end of this process the moisture content is 

raised to the amount requisite to make good briquets by the admission of wet steam or water, according to the temperature of agglomerate desired at the dies. By this means the moisture in the briquet 

is kept constant and at a minimum. The briquets are sprayed with 

water on ejection from the dies, and on delivery from, the machine are 

sufficiently hard to be handled by coke forks and loaded for shipment.

BINDERS USED.

In accordance with the practice well established in Europe and. the 

results of the laboratory experiments of the previous year, no binder 

has been considered except two of'the pitches derived from the distillation of the tar obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of 

illuminating gas. The large and increasing use in this country of 

illuminating gas made by carburetting water gas with oil suggested 

the use of the pitch thereby obtained, which is known in this report 

as water-gas pitch (abbreviated to w. g. p.). The other pitch used 

is that derived from the destructive distillation of coal, and is here 

called coal-tar pitch (abbreviated to c. t. p.). The pitch derived 

from by-product coke ovens was not considered, on account of the small 

number of these ovens in this country. In order to obtain data 

which would be comparative, all briquets in any one lot were made 

with the same binder. The binder was as nearly uniform as would 

be found practicable in commercial operations where the quality of 

the pitch could not be absolutely controlled.

QUALITY OF PITCH.

No effort was made to determine the best quality of binder for each 

coal, or for each machine, because of the small amounts of the samples available. On account of the relatively low pressure obtainable on the Renfrow machine, the binder the smallest percentage of 

which was required to make briquets with satisfactory physical 

properties proved to be pitch just hard enough to be broken easily 

in the pitch cracker, while pitch from which more of the heavy oils had
40 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

been distilled produced less smoke. The hardness of the binder was 

determined by a compromise between these two factors. From 6 

to 8 per cent of binder was used.

The " flowing test" for determining the hardness of the pitch was 

made in the following manner: The bulb of the thermometer was 

covered with a thin layer of melted pitch, which was allowed to 

harden. The thermometer was passed through a cork fitted in the 

mouth of a test tube, which held the bottom of the thermometer 

bulb 2 inches from the bottom of the tube. The test tube was then 

held in a vertical position in a beaker of boiling water. As the pitch 

became soft it gradually dropped from the thermometer in the form 

of a thread, and the temperature recorded when this thread reached 

the bottom of the test tube was called the "flowing point."

A fractional distillation of the pitch was made as another check on 

its quality. From this distillation the oils coming off under 572° F., 

between 572° and 680° F., and between 680° and 743° F. were recorded. The most reliable test that was found for determining the 

binding property of a pitch has already been described.0 Pitch that 

at the temperature of the mouth could be bitten nearly through 

before breaking proved the most satisfactory binder for most coals 

briquetted.

The results of the-tests on binders are given in the following table:

Tests and analyses of pitch binders.

Laboratory No.

2735

2729

2748

2933

3258

3296

3410

3486

3623

3624

3692

3885

3962

4120

4318

4319 -

4543

4625

4683

4806

48^5

4879

Calorific 

value 

(B.t.u.).

15, 937

16,373

16,427

16, 478

16, 407

16,027

16, 193

16, 103

16,870

16, 196

17,060

16, 744

16, 139

16,969

16, 576

16,637

16,864

17, 156

16,805

Flowing 

point 

(°F.).

186.8

255.0

144.0

176.0

179.6

171.5

175.1

186.8

165.2

172 .4

158.0

140.0

159.8

154.4

165.2

158.0

 143.6

156.2

161.6°

143.6

114.8

125.6

Oils by distillation (per cent) .

Up to 

572° F.

Dfita, los

572° to 

680° F.

h in firp.

680° to 

743° F.

Total 

up to 

743° F.

.....do.................................

.....do .................................

.....do..--

3.66

3.08

.85

1.75

.85

1.25

1.89

1.43

3.00

.75

1.00

2.75

1.62

1.61

1.28

1.09

.46

1.33

12.30

11.57

15.21

6.00

11.15

10.35

10.90

14.83

12.75

11.25

11.10

10.35

17.31

9.56

- 11.64

9.44

1.05

16.53

15.23

11.82

9.11

17.00

10.15

9.40

1.03

18.18

10.75

17.25

13.50

9.90

20.12

14.30

16.06

15.23

4.25

15.15

31.19

.26.47

25.17

24.70

25.15

20.00

22.82

34.44

26.50

29.25

25.60

23.00

39.05

25.47

28.98

25.76

5.76

33.01

Extraction

analysis:

Pitch extracted 

(sample 

as received)

byCS3

(per

cent) .

CO Cfi OS. 00

61.20

89.20

64.20

80.27

82.43

79.98

85^57

69.26

99.60

69 .'?!

95.20

77.79

97.70

90.42

66.25.

99.66

.90.56

89.31

96.90

100.00

94.50

Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48, pt. 3, 1906, p. 1396.
BRIQUETTiNG TESTS. 41

PERCENTAGE OF BINDEE. /

In handling a given sample of coal various percentages of binder 

were used in briquetting lots of 600 pounds. The remainder of the 

coal was briquetted with the minimum percentage of binder found 

necessary to make a satisfactory briquet. In all cases the fuel and 

binder were both weighed separately, and the percentages of binder 

given are taken from these figures. The extraction analyses by 

carbon bisulphide, the results of which are given in the above table, 

 were made from carefully selected samples of coals, pitches, and 

briquets, and the percentage of binder in the finished product was 

calculated from these determinations.

SAMPLING AND DRYING.

A majority of the coals sent in for briquetting tests only were slack 

coals and were unloaded on the ground. Unless these samples had 

been subjected to heavy rains they were taken direct to the briquet 

bins. Washed samples, very wet slack, and coals high in moisture 

were passed through the direct-heat rotating drier furnished by the 

C. S. Snow & Bartlett Company. In some cases, where the moisture content was very low, so that it was necessary to add considerable water to the coal, the water was added before grinding, samples 

for moisture being taken during the course of the day's run. 

Ordinarily, however, the coals and the binder were sampled 'as they 

were fed into the disintegrator. The steaming-test analyses of briquets were used where possible and are given in this report.. When 

no steaming tests were made, the samples for analyses were taken 

as the briquets left the machine. All briquets shipped from the 

plant for test were sampled as loaded and not as taken from the 

machine.

TESTS ON BRIQUETS. 

COMBUSTION TESTS.

The only method available for determining the relative heating 

values of briquets consisted in burning them under boilers, the conditions being uniform with those for the steaming tests on coals. 

These tests were made by the boiler section in every case where there 

was a sufficient number of briquets, and are reported under "Steaming tests" in this bulletin. When coal was not available to make 

enough briquets on each machine, with the same percentage of binder, 

for a complete steaming test on both the English and Renfrew briquets, the test was divided into five-hour runs on each machine.

Several small lots of briquets containing various percentages of 

binder were burned under the boiler to note the behavior of the bri-
42 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

quets in the fire and the effect on quantity of smoke, but the main 

test was on briquets of a uniform percentage of binder. In many 

tests it was necessary to break up the English briquets in order to. 

obtain capacity on the boiler, although every effort was made to burn 

them unbroken for comparative results.

Besides these tests on briquets at the plant, two series of tests were 

run one using the briquets in locomotive boilers, and the other in 

boilers for house heating. In the detailed reports given in this volume tests from which the briquets were used in locomotives are indicated by a star (*) attached to the test number, and those from which 

the briquets were used in house boilers by a dagger (f). In many 

tests the product was divided, part being used for a house test and 

part for a locomotive test. The reports on these special tests are 

reserved for publication in a subsequent bulletin.

DROP TESTS.

An effort was made to obtain reliable data on the crushing strength 

of the various briquets. After repeated trials on selected briquets 

from several runs, the record was abandoned, as the results from ' 

briquets made of the same coal and under similar conditions did not 

check. Briquets taken at random from the same lot differed widely. 

The following method of testing the strength of the briquets, called 

the "drop test/' was chosen as an approximation of the handling 

to which they would be subjected in commercial use. A box, 24 

inches square and 12 inches docp, was constructed with a bottom 

consisting of two trapdoors hinged at the sides and so closed as to 

be easily tripped open. This box was supported 6£ feet above a 

cast-iron plate, which was placed at the bottom of a second box 12, 

inches deep. Fifty pounds of briquets, placed in the upper box, 

were suddenly dropped upon the cast-iron plate. The mass was 

then screened on a 1-inch mesh wire screen, and all the pieces held 

were again dropped from the box; and so on until the dropping had 

been performed five times. The percentage of the weight of the 

pieces held at the last screening to the original weight of the briquets 

was called "per cent held by 1-inch screen," and the remainder was 

called "per cent through 1-inch screen."

TUMBLER TESTS.

The tumbler tests were chosen to obtain a fair record of the cohesion of the briquets, especially when subjected to abrasive action. 

The method used follows closely the one adopted by the French 

navy and used as a standard in France. The apparatus consisted 

of a tumbler manufactured by the S. Obermayer Company. A 

number of whole briquets weighing as near 50 pounds as possible
BRIQUETTING TESTS. 48

were placed in the tumbler and rotated for two minutes at a uniform 

speed of 28 r. p. m., after which the contents of the tumbler were 

screened .through a 1-inch mesh screen and the finest again screened 

through a 10-mesh sieve. The pieces held by both screens were 

weighed and the data in the tables determined by these weights.

WEATHERING TESTS.

Small piles of all briquets made were labeled and placed in a 

yard exposed to the weather. Although all the briquets have not 

Lad uniform weather conditions, the length of the exposure is a fair 

basis for comparison. As no ideal briquet is available as a standard for comparison/ it is difficult to give in a concise statement the 

actual condition of these briquets. The following is the key to the 

designation of condition given under "Weathering test:"

Condition A: Briquets practically in same condition as when put

out. Surfaces show no signs of erosion or pitting. Briquets hard, 

with sharp edges, and fracture same as that of new briquets.

Condition B: Shape of briquets unchanged. Surf aces-of those on 

top of pile have lost luster, with evidences of pitting; corners and 

edges worn off by erosion. All briquets .firm, with fracture practically the same as that of new briquets.

Condition C: Top briquets appear similar to those in condition B, 

and show signs of further disintegration, having lost original sharp 

fracture. Erosion more evident on all briquets on outside of the pile. 

Inside briquets still firm, retaining original characteristics..

Condition D: Top briquets so badly disintegrated that they crumble to pieces on handling. Briquets in center of pile show signs of 

disintegration; luster of surfaces gone; edges soft, and break easily in 

the hand. Fracture not so sharp as when newly made, but briquets 

firm, and handled without breaking.

Condition E: Entire pile disintegrated. In many cases the only 

briquets retaining their original shape are those protected from the 

weather. Briquets can not be handled safely, but crush easily in the 

hand.

ABSORPTION TESTS.

The object of the absorption tests was to determine (1) the rate 

of absorption of water by the briquets each day; (2) the time required 

for the absorption to become practically complete; and (3) the time 

at which the absorption actually ceases or the briquet disintegrates. 

The apparatus consisted of a hydrostatic balance with containing 

tank and four galvanized-iron pans 24 by 36 by 6 inches. The total 

number of samples were tested in two sets briquetting tests 138 to 

198 and. 199 to 250.
44 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Four Renfrew briquets or one English briquet were taken as a 

sample from each representative lot of briquets tested. These 

briquets had been stored under cover directly after being made, so 

they may be safely considered as air-dried samples. So far as possible 

briquets with perfect surfaces were used.

The method used in testing was as follows:

(a) The sample was weighed in air to the nearest gram, on the 

upper part of the hydrostatic balance.

(6) The sample was then weighed in water by being submerged 

on the lower shelf of the balance, the hour and minute of this immersion being noted.

(c) The sample was removed from the balance, placed in pans, and 

covered with one-half inch of water.

(d) Each succeeding day "at the same time as the first immersion 

the operation noted in I was repeated.

(e) The gain in weight was noted each day by subtracting the 

observation for that day from the weight noted in &.

(/) This gain in weight was calculated to per cent of the original 

weight of the dry briquet, and so recorded each day.

The hydrostatic balance was brought to perfect adjustment twice 

a day to correct for variation in density of water due to variations in 

its temperature, which was recorded three times daily.

DENSITY.

«= 

The apparent specific gravity, being the weight in air divided by 

the loss of weight in water, was calculated from readings a and 6 of 

the absorption tests.

SPECIAL TESTS.

Water-gas machine test. The object of this test was (1) to determine if the briquets could be used as fuel for the production of water 

gas; (2) to compare the results obtained with those from retort coke; 

(3) to observe the behavior of the briquets in the apparatus.

The briquets made in test 164f (see p. 75) were shipped to the 

Mullanphy street station of the Laclede Gas Company, of St. Louis, 

Mo., and tested in an 8^-foot water-gas machine of the Lowe type. 

This machine has a rated capacity of 1,000,000 cubic feet in twentyfour hours. This test was made under the direction of W. A. Baehr, 

chief engineer of the company, and the observations given below were 

made by Mr. Wright.
BEIQUETTING TESTS. 45

Data from water-gas machine test.

Length of blast. .............................................. .minutes. . 5

Length of run. ................................................. .do. ... 6

Total number of cycles. ............................................... 42

Total number of runs made. ........................................... 213

Total briquets used. .......................................... .pounds. . 85, 100

Total gas recorded by meter in 48 hours. .................... .cubic feet. . 1, 959, 000

Correction for relief holder. ..................................... .do. ... 56, 100

Total gas made in 48 hours. ...................................... .do. ... 1, 902, 900

Average temperature of gas rnetered. ............................. .° F. . 73

Total gas made in 48 hours corrected to 60° F. ............... .cubic feet. .. 1, 854, 000

Total oil used in 48 hours. ..................................... .gallons. . 7, 710

Average pressure of air during blast. ................... .inches of water. . 22. 5

Average steam pressure during runs. .......................... .pounds. . 29. 2

Briquets per 1,000 feet of gas as metered (corrected to 60° F.). ... .do. ... 45. 9

5-hour coke per 1,000 feet of gas as metered (corrected to 60° F.). . .do. ... '31. 5

Oil per 1,000 feet gas as metered (corrected to 60° F.) ........... .gallons. . 4. 1C

Average luminosity of gas made. ..........:............... candlepower . . 19. 4

, , .. [with briquets................... candle feet.. 4.65 Average amount of gas made^^^^^^^^^ g 6Q

. . x , , . [with briquets......... .......... B. t. u.. 624 Average heat value of gas made< .,, c , , , . b fe [with 5-hour coke.................. do.... 643

. . ,, , , (with briquets......... cubic feet.. 8,940 Average yield of gas as metered per run{ . ,, e , , , 0 . ,- & J , . F [with 5-hour coke.. ........ do.... 8,450

Average amount of oil per run. ............................... .gallons. . 36. 2

Cupola test. The briquets made in test 247 (see p. 293) were sent 

to the Madison plant of the American Car and Foundry Company, of 

St. Louis; Mo. ; and were tested in a cupola under the direction of 

Mr. Ireland, of the coking section. The object of this test was to 

determine if the coke breeze when briquetted could be made to 

replace or be used in connection with coke in foundry practice. It 

was hoped that, by the addition of lime to the pitch as a binder, the 

briquets would be able to support the weight above until they became 

thoroughly coked through, the lime being available also as a flux.

Coke was used during the first charges and 150 pounds of briquets 

were used on each of the last five charges, although 100 pounds of fuel 

is the regular practice at the foundry. The briquets were considerably broken up during the charging of the iron, and finally, as they got 

down well into the cupola, they broke down entirely, letting the iron 

down below the melting zone. After dropping the bottom, about 

1,500 pounds of unmelted iron was found in the cupola.
46 REPORT U, S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7. 

COALS TESTED.

In this report are included 134° briquetting tests on 53 coals from 

16 domestic States and 1 Territory and one sample from Argentina, 

as follows:

Briquetting tests made, by States, etc.

Coal.

Alabama: 

No.2B..............

No. 4................

No. 7B... ...........

No. 13...............

No. 7E... ...........

No.9C. ..............

N0.12B.............

No. 20 (with Kentucky No. 2 B).... 

No. 21. ..............

No. 23 B.............

No. 28 A.............

No. 28B.............

No. 29 A.............

No. 29 B. ............

No. 30.......--....-.

No. 31.. .............

No. 33...............

No.lB..............

No.5B..............

No. 6B..............

Number of 

tests.

1

1

1

1

3

1

4

3

2 1-

1

6

5

2

1

3

4

4

1

2

2

Coal.

Indiana Continued . 

No 19

No. 20. ..............

No.2B. .............

No.2C. .............

No. 9................

No. 15. ...............

No. 15 (with Rhode 

Island No. 1)......

No. 16. ...... ........

No. 18. ..............

No. 18 (with MiscelNo. 18 (with Rhode

Island No. I)..-....

No 19

No. 20...............

No. 22...............

No.l. ...............

No. 4................

Number of 

tests.

1

.1

12

4

1

7

4

5

1

1

3

9

1

0

7

3

1

1

Coal.

Tennessee Continued.

No.7B..... .........

No. 10...............

Utah:

Island No. 1)......

No. 2. ...............

No. 2 (with Rhode 

Island No. 1) ......

No. 5. ...............

No. 9. ...............

;,

Number of 

tests.

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

2

134

The detailed results of the briquetting tests may be found by 

referring to the index table (pp. 14-19).

a This number does not include 14 tests conducted on coals received during 1905, which are withheld 

for future publication.
RESULTS OF TESTS, BY STATES.

The following are the detailed results of tests made on the various 

samples of coals received from January 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907, 

arranged alphabetically according to States, and showing in definite 

order (see index table, p. 14), under the head of each fuel, all the 

tests made on the different samples' of that fuel.

ALABAMA. 

ALABAMA NO. 2.o

Bituminous coal from Carbon Hill, Walker County, on the Frisco 

System, was designated Alabama No. 2 B. The coal as worked at a 

depth of 30 feet at this place averages 4 feet 6 inches in thickness.

One sample of run-of-mine coal was shipped under the supervision 

of J. S. Burrows to the testing plant, and was used'in making steam-, 

ing tests 382, 383, and 410 (on briquets); washing test 163; coking 

test 142 (washed coal); cupola tests 107 and 131; and briquetting 

test 131.

Two .mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3011 was taken 3,500 feet northeast of slope, where the coal measured 

4 feet 5 inches in thickness. Sample 3012 was taken 3,500 feet north 

of slope, where the coal measured 4 feet 6 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Alabama No. 2 B.

Proximate:

 Ash..................................

Ultimate:

Ash..................................

Calorific value (as received) : TWprmiTipd fcalories: .

jjet<pnmea................-jB t u

Mine samples.

3011 

2.70

4.71 

31.80 

53.32 

10.17 

1.33

0,998

12, 596

3012 

2.40

4.51 

31.81 

54.70 

8.92 

1.48

Car 

sample.

c3211 

1.70

3.95 

30.70 

50.76 

14,59 

1.12

4.57 

66.21 

1.49 

12.02

6,547

11, 785

6,433

11,579

Steaming tests.*

382.

3.80 

32.09 

50.47 

13.64 

1.19

4.35 

69.71 

1.57 

8.95 

14.18 

1.24

'

383.

3.95 

30.70 

50.70 

.14.59 

1.12

4.30 

68.94 

1.55 

8.85 

15.19 

1.17

410.

3.43 

32.74 

51.34 

12.49 

1.24

4.77 

72.17 

.1.58 

7.27 

12.93 

1.28

" For tests of coal from this mine made during 1904, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261, 1905, pp. 32, 

0, 88, 122; Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48, 1906, pp. 38, 197, 337, 1017, 1328. 

6 Proximate analysis of coal as fired; ultimate analysis of dry coal figured from car sample, 

c Sample taken from steaming test 383.

47
48 REPORT 17. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Alabama No. 2 B (run of mine).

Test 382. Test 383. Test 410.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch................................................per cent..

£ inch to 1 inch................................................do....

J inch to £ inch................................................do....

Under J inch................................................... do....

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel....................... B. t. u. per pound dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper...............:.................... .inch water..

Above fire..................................................... do....

Furnace temperature ...............................................°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour........pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour..................................................... .pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry fuel........................................ .do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour ..................'........ .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour ............................... do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour ............................... do....

Per electrical horsepower hour :..............................do....

65.4

19.4

6.5

8.7

10.0

12,411

0.69

.14

2,280

23.53

3.87

108.6

6.68

7.93

8.24

9.80

64.12

3.57

4.40

3.43 

' 4.24

48.3

26.7

12.1

12.9

10.03

12,269

0.64

.12

2,020

17.26

2.83

79.2

6.64

7.88

8.20

9.92

64.54

3.59

4.43

3.45

4.26

See p. 49.

9.98

12,856

0.61

.15

2,215

18.13

3.26

91.4

7.5

9.00

10.24

67.60

3.25

4.02

3.14

Remarks. Test 410 on briquets from test 131; Benfrow briquets during the first half 

and English briquets during the last half of the test. No difference was noted in the 

action of the two kinds of briquets while burning, both burning with a long flame without smoke, coldng and holding together well. The Kenfrow briquets as fired were 

badly broken up. No clinker; ash of gray color and medium weight.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Alabama No. 2 B (run of mine).

Washing test 163. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches; jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 

15,860 pounds; washed, 13,700 pounds; refuse, 2,160 pounds.

Coking test 142. Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 51 hours. 

Coal charged, 10,530 pounds. Coke produced, 6,197 pounds; 58.85 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 684 pounds; 6.50 per cent. Total yield, 65.35 pounds. Poor coke, soft and 

dense.

Analyses.

Moisture. .....................................................

Ash. ..........................................................

Washing test 163.

Eaw 

coal.

3.95 

30.70

50.76

14.59 

1.12

Washed 

coal.

6.29

9.39 

1.22

Coking test 142.

Coal.

6.26 

31.99 

52.66 

9.09 

1.36

Coke.

3.04 

1.06 

82.15 

13.75 

1.16
TESTS ALABAMA. 49

Cupola tests of coke made from Alabama No. 2 B coal (washed).

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

.107 

131

Coke.

Test 

No.

142 

142

Phosphorus.

Per ct. 

0.0700

.0700

Specific 

gravity.

1.88 

1.88

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

99.9

99.9

Materials.

Coke.........

Pig iron .....

Pig iron .....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

200 

600 

200 

200 

600 

200

2.

Lbs. 

58 

413 

138 

58 

413 

138

Lbs. 

58 

413 

138 

58 

413 

138

4.

Lbs. 

57 

412 

137 

57 

412 

.137

5.

Lbs. 

57 

412 

137 

57 

412 

137

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

107

131

Blast pressure.

On at 

1.59 p. m....

10.42 a. m...

Maximum.

02.

7

7

running in 

Min.

5

7

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

2,257

1-.852

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

322

365

Total.

.Lbs.

2,579

2,217

Melting.

Time.

Min.

31

29

Kate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

4,991

4,587

Ratio 

iron 

to 

coke.

6.56

5.80

Loss.

Per ct.

6.9

12.33

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

214

413

Coke.

Lbs.

37

48

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1... .........

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8.-.. .........

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

Test 107.

Pounds.

69 

69 

89 

98 

82 

101 

70 

81 

83 

89 

87 

95 

82 

99

Time 

(p.m.).

2.11 

2.11J 

2.16 

2.16i 

2.19 

2.19J 

2.20 

2.22 

2.22$ 

2.23 

2.231 

2.24 

2.25 

2.25J

Test 131.

Pounds.

33 

79 

77 

30 

74 

73 

68 

72 

76 

46 

71 

60 

94 

47

Time 

(a. m.).

10.51 

10.53 

.10. 56 

10.57 

10.58i 

10.59 

11.03 

11.04 

11. 04^ 

11.05 

11.07 

11.07* 11.08" 

11.08J

Ladle No.

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............ 9";

26............

27............

Test 107.

Pounds.

75 

79 

81 

89 

69 

85 

102 

79 

69 

83 

103 

52 

,97

Time 

(p.m.).

2.26 

2.264 

2.27 

2.28 

2.29 

2.30 

2.30J 

2.31 

2.311 

2.33 

2.331 

2.34 

2.35

Test 131.

Pounds.

90 

62 

102 

94 

60 

86 

20 

86 

53 

86 

82 

131

Time 

(a. m.).

11.11 

11.111 

11.12 

11.13 

11.13J 

11.14 

11. 141 

11.15 

11. 151 

11.16 

11.17 

11.18

Remarks. Test 107: Iron very hot and fluid.

BBIQUETTING TEST.

Alabama No. 2 B (run of mine).

Test 131. Size as used: Over \ inch, 2.8 per cent; ^ inch to £ inch, 11.6 per cent; 

 jV inch to -fa inch, 21.2 per cent; ^ inch to ^ inch, 23.4 per cent, through ^ inch, 

41 per cent. Kind of binder, water-gas pitch; laboratory No. 3410 (see p. 4.0); 

weight of fuel briquetted, 14,000 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal as received, 

11,939; per pound of briquets as fired, 12,115; per pound of binder, 16,478. For 

analyses of briquets see page 47 (steaming test 410).

English briquets made at 175° F., average weight 3.31 pounds, with 5 and 6 per cent 

binder, proved to be good briquets; fracture clean; edges and surfaces firmer with 6 

per cent than with 5 per cent binder. In the drop test with 5 per cent binder the 

19698, Bull. No. 352 08 4
50 EEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

1-inch screen'held 91.5 per cent and passed 8.5 per cent. In the weathering test all 

were exposed 197 days; condition, B.

Renfrew briquets made at 149° F., average weight 0.47 pound, with 6 per cent pitch, 

showed evidences of shortage in binder; surfaces crumbled and fracture not clean. 

Seven per cent binder made hard, firm surfaces; broke without crumbling, and surfaces and edges were firm. In the weathering test the 6 per cent binder briquets were 

exposed 201 days and those with 7 per cent 200 days; condition of both, B.

Extraction analyses. 

Extracted by CS2 :

.....................do....

.....................do....

......................do....

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

3211

1.70

1.37

1.35

Briquets, 

test 131.

0.80

4.79

4.75

4.32

ALABAMA NO. 3.

Bituminous coal from. Garnsey, Bibb County, on the Louisville and 

Nashville Railroad, was designated Alabama No. 3. The coal as 

worked at a depth of 700 feet at this place averages 5 feet 6 inches in 

thickness.

Run-of-mine coal shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves 

was used in making steaming tests 390 and 394; washing test 161;. 

coking tests 138 (raw) and 139 (washed); and cupola tests 101, 108, 

and 132.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3018 

was taken 2,700 feet south of the slope, where the coal measured 5 

feet in thickness. Sample 3019 was taken 2,500 feet southwest of the 

slope, where the coal measured 5 feet 8 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Alabama No. 3.

*

Proximate:

Ash. ...........................................:

Ultimate:

Carbon. .........................................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined....... ...................|°al°rif--

1X5. t. U. . .

Mine samples.

3018 

1.60

3.03 

30.94 

55.31 

10.72 

.49

' 7. 241 

13,034

3019 

1.90

3.25 

30.43 

54.16 

12.16 

.53

Car sample.

3255 

1.20

2.72 

29.46 

53.46 

14.36 

.55

4.55 

69.99 

1.14 

9.41

6,923 

12, 461 

6,829 

12, 292

Steaming tests.o

390.

2.93 

28.03 

48.25 

20.79 

.55

4.03 

66. 28 

l.OS 

6.62 

21.42 

.57

394.

2.88 

29.58 

49.12 

18.42 

.58

4.15 

68.34 

. 1.11 

6.83 

18.97 

.60

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
TESTS ALABAMA. 

STEAMING TESTS. 

Alabama No. 3 (run of mine).

51

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature

..............percent..

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

.................hours..

u. per pound dry coal. .

..................do....

.................. °F....

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. ........'........ .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds . _--___--_...._.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F:

Per pound of combustible. ...........................

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

...............percent..

..................do....

..................do....

Test 390.

19.9 

 18.0 

19.4 

42.1 

10.0 

11,806

0.55 

.18 

2,040 

20. C9

3.31 

92.7 

6.69

7.77 

8.00 

10.49 

65.44

3.64 

4.49

3.54

4.36

Test 394.

13.7 

19.5 

19.9 

46.9 

10.0 

12, 175

0.60 

.21 

2,160 

21.04

3.38 

94.8 

6.70

7.82 

8.05 

10.21 

63.85

3.62 

4.47

3.51 

4.34

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Alabama No. 3 (run of mine).

Washing test 161. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart. 

coal, 18,000 pounds; washed, 16,500 pounds; refuse, 1,500 pounds.

Coking tests.

Raw

Total yield. . .............................

/....do....

......................... <per cent 

/pounds . . .

Test 138 Test 139 

(raw) . (washed) .

f c f 1 c

54 44

12, 180 11, 660

7,802 7,072

64. 06 60: 65 

489 258

4. 01 2. 21 

08. 07 62. 86

Remarks. -Test 138: Good, hard, heavy coke with exception of |-inch black butts, 

which should be easily removed. Ash should be very much lowered by washing. 

Test 139: Good, strong, hard, heavy qoke; ash reduced, and much better coke than 

from raw charge; black butts removed.

Analyses.

Ash......................................

Washing test 161.

Kaw coal 

(mine 

sample) .

3.03 

30.94

 55. 31

. 10.71 

.49

Washed 

coal.

5.82

10.01 

.58

Coking test 138.

Coal.

2.77 

28.99 

53.14 

15.10 

.62

Coke.

2.03 

1.80 

74.89 

21.28 

.00

Coking test 139i

Coal.

6.36 

30.54 

53.10 

10.00 

.62

Coke.

0.99 

1.06 

83.51

14.44:

.58
52 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola tests of coke made from Alabama No. 3 coal. 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

132 

101 

108

Coke.

Test 

No.

f!38 

l(raw)

139 (w.) 

139(w.)

Phosphorus.

Per ct. 

j-0.0057'

.0008 

.0008

Specific 

gravity.

1.91 

1.99 

1.99

Ratio 

iron 

to 

coke.

7 

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

97.22

99.9 

94.44

Materials.

[Coke. ........

Coke.........

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

210 

630 

210 

210 

630 

210 

210 

630 

210

2_

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

55 

405 

135 

55 

405 

135

3.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

55 

405 

135 

55 

405 

135

4.

Lbs. 

55 

. 405 

135 

55 

405 

135 

55 

405 

135

5.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

55 

405 

135 

55 

405 

135

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2.250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola

test 

No.

132

101

108

Blast pressure.

On at 

2. 49 p. m.

11.17a.m.

3. 39 p. m.

Maxi02.

7

7

7

ning

Min.

 12

10

5

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

. 740

1,695

1,822

-,

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

214

305

213

Total.

Lbs.

954

2,000

2,035

Melting.

Time.

Min.

26

35

33

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

2,201

3,429

3,700

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

3.21

5.63

6.15

Loss.

Per ct.

4.46

6.43

6.36

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,911

807

774

Coke.

Lbs.

132

75

99

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle "No.

1. .......

2. .......

3........

4........

5........

6........

1. .......

8........

9........

10........

11........

Test 132.

Lbs.

92 

100 

61 

77 

77 

70 

34 

65 

34 

64 

2

Time 

(p.m.).

3.10 

3.10J 

3.11 

3.13 

3.13| 

3.16 

3. 16J 

3.18 

3.19 

3.23 

3.23J

Test 101.

Lbs.

 77 

91 

97 

72 

72 

70 

62 

76 

73 

91 

74

Time 

(a.m.).

11.32 

11.36 

11. 36£ 

11.43 

11. 43& 

11.44 

11.47 

11. 47fc 

11.48 

11.49 

-11. 49£

Test 108.

Lbs.

103 

119 

51 

63 

116 

102 

110 

86 

107 

91 

106

Time 

(p.m.).

3.55 

3.55^ 

3.56 

4.00 

4.00& 

4.01 

4.01J 

4. 03J 

4.04 

4.04i 

4.05

Ladle 

No.

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19

20.......

21 .......

22.......

Test 132.

Lbs.

64

Time 

(p.m.).

3.27

Test 101.

Lbs.

74 

85 

86 

67 

78 

95 

71 

73 

97 

65 

49

Time 

(a.m.).

11.50 

11.53 

11.63i 11.54' 

11.56 

11. 56| 

11.57 

11.59 

11. 59J 

12.00 

12.02

Test 108.

Lbs.

79 

101 

102 

58 

61 

85 

95 

81 

100

Time 

(p.m.).

4.07 

4.07i 

4.08 

4.08* 

4.12 

4.12J 

4.13 

4.16 

 417

Remarks. Test 101: Iron hot. Test 108: Iron hot; slag filled up tuyeres after 

twentieth ladle and bottom had to be dropped.

ALABAMA NO. 4.

Bituminous coal from Cane Creek, 3 miles north of Belle Ellen, 

Bibb County, on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, was designated Alabama No. 4. The coal as worked at a depth of 150 feet 

at this place averages 2 feet 11 inches in thickness.

The sample consisted of run-of-mine coal, inspected by John W. 

Groves, and was used in making steaming tests 375, 376, 377, 378, 

and 413 (on briquets); producer-gas test 109; washing test 159;
TESTS ALABAMA.

coking tests 131 (raw) and 136 (washed); cupola tests 103, 109, 124: 

and 133; and briquetting test 123.

Two mine samples were taken for. chemical analysis. Sample 

3034 was taken 900 feet northeast of the slope, where the coal 

measured 2 feet 10 inches in thickness. Sample 3035 was taken 

1,500 feet northeast of the slope, where the coal measured 2 feet 11 

inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Alabama No. 4.

Proximate:

Ash.............................

Ultimate:

Ash.............................

Calorific value (as received) :

Determined. ..........< -g + u

Mine samples.

3034 

2.60

3.67 

33.55 

59.64 

3.14 

1.22

7,998 

14,396

3035 

2.40

3.60 

34.08 

59.86 

2.46 

1.50

Car 

sample.

3103 

5.50

6.43 

28.50 

52.09 

12.92 

1.08

5.23 

69.07 

1.18 

10.52

6,886 

12,395

6,952

12, 514

Steaming tests/*

375.

4.04 

30. 27 

55.26 

10.48 

1.29

4.98 

' 76. 16 

1.30 

5.30 

10.92 

1.34

376.

4.84 

28.17 

52.70 

14.29 

1.22

4.75 

72.67 

1.24 

5.04 

15.02 

1.28

377.

5.69 

26. 94 

49.48 

17.89 

1.05

4.54 

69.36 

1.19 

4.83 

18.97 

' 1. 11

378.

5.27 

28.72 

52.78 

13.23

4.83 

73.90 

1.27 

5.13 

13.97 

.90

413.

2.46 

32.27 

56.55 

8.72 

1.18

4.72 

76.96 

1.32 

6.85 

8.94 

1.21

STEAMING TESTS.

Alabama No. 4 (run of mine).

Size as used:

Heating value of fuel . . . .B. t. u. per pound dry fuel. . 

Force of draft:

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed. . Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as

Water evaporated from and at 212° F:

Per pound of dry fuel ................... .do ....

Fuel as fired:

Dry fuel:

Test 375.

17.1

20.2

22.1

40. G

. 10.17

13, 671 

0.64

.20

2,461

20.94

3. 81

106.9 

7.37

8.75

9.12 

10. 55

64.42

3.23

3.99

. 3.10

3.83

Test 376.

18.1

18.0

17.3

46.6

9.77

13,041 

0.55

.19

(»)

17.39

2.97

83.2 

6.88

8.14

8.55 

10.46

63.31

3.47

4.29

3.31

4.08

Test 377.

7.1

12.4

16.8

63.7

10.00

12, 447 

0.63

.22

18.45

3. .10

87.0 

6.73

7.95

8.43 

10.81

65.40

3.56

4.39

3.35

4.14

Test 378.

17.1

25.2

38.2

8.03

13,244 

0.60

.18

15.91

2.76

77.4 

7.04

8.24

8.69 

10.46

63.36

3.43

4.24

3.25

4.02

Test 413.

Seep. 56.

9.07

13,932 

0.66

.10

2,430

21.11

3.90

109.5 

7.75

9.02

. 9.25 

10.29

64. 12

3.14

3.87

3.06

3.77

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

6 One-half of observations too low to be read with Wanner pyrometer.
54 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Remarks. Test 413 on briquets: The briquets burned freely, with long flame, coked 

well, and held together well until entirely consumed. The English briquets were 

nearly all fired whole. Clinker was dark and heavy; plastic when hot, and brittle 

when cold; contained a large amount of slag, but did not stick to the grate. Small 

quantity of ash.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Alabama No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 109. Duration of test, 24 hours; average electrical horsepower, 195.0; average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 152.0; total coal fired, 5,850 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer -per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower :

Per brake horsepower:

As fired.

1.33

1.25

1.13

1.06

1.45

1.36

1.23

1.16

Dry.

1.29

1.21

1.09

1.03

1.40

1.32

1.19

1.12

Combustible.

1.12

1.06

.95

.90

1.22

1.15

1.04

.97

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 3.05

Volatile matter............................. 29. 53

Fixed carbon............................... 54. 78

Ash......................................... 12. 64

Sulphur..................................... 1.15

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 10.1

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 17.0

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 14. 5

Methane (CH4 )............................. 1.9

Nitrogen (N2)............................... 56.1

Ethylene (C2HO............................ .4

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Alabama No. 4 (run of mine)

Washing test 159. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches; jig used, Stewart. 

coal, 17,000 pounds; washed, 14,470 pounds; refuse, 2,530 pounds.

Coking tests.

Raw

............................. .pounds. .

f...do....

........................... -Vper cent. . 

/pounds. . .

........................... --|per cent

Test 131 

(raw) .

f.c.

47

12.000

7,706

6422 

281

2.34 

66.56

Test 136 

(washed) .

f.c.

49

12,000

6,809

56. 74 

239

1.99 

58.73

Remarks. Test 131: Good, strong coke, light-gray and silvery color; ash and sulphur high; might be improved by washing. (Compare test 136.) Test 136: Good, 

strong coke; light-gray and silvery color; breakage; good uniform size; ash and sulphur reduced very materially by washing.
TESTS ALABAMA. 55

Analyses.

Ash. .......... ...........................

Washing test 159.

Raw coal.

6.43 

28.56 

52.09

12.92 

1.08

Washed 

coal.

6.82

3.81 

1.03

Coking test 131.

Coal.

4.17 

30.37 

54.50 

10.96 

1.18

Coke.

0.29 

.84 

83.21 

15.66 

1.08

Coking test 136.

Coal.

7.28 

30. 46 

58.38 

3.88 

1.00

Coke.

0.35 

.42 

92.99 

6.24 

.87

Cupola tests of coke made from Alabama No. 4 coal.

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

 No.

103 

124 

109 

133

Coke.

Test 

No.

131 

131 

136(w.) 

136 (w.)

Phosphorus.

Per ct. 

0.0126

.0126 

.008 

.008

Specific 

gravity.

1.95 

1.95 

1.95 

1.95

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7 

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

98.61

80.55 

99.9 

98.61

Materials.

\ Pig iron .....

(Coke.........

< Pig iron .....

{Kg iron.....

<Pig iron .....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

200 

600 

200 

220 

000 

220 

190 

570 

190 

200 

GOO 

200

2.

Us. 

58 

413 

138 

53 

398 

133 

60 

420 

140 

58 

413 

138

3.

Lbs. 

58 

413 

138 

53 

398 

133 

60 

420 

140 

58 

413 

138

4.

Lbs. 

57 

412 

137 

52 

397 

132 

60 

420 

140 

57 

412 

137

5.

Lbs. 

57 

412 

137 

52 

397 

132 

60 

420 

140 

57 

412 

137

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

103

124

109

133

Blast pressure.

On at 

8.19a.m....

10.04 a.m...

10.30a.m...

10.53a.m...

Maximum.

Oz.

1

7

. 7

7

running in 

Min.

11

10

7

. 8

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,451

1,368

2,328

1,952

Additional 

melted.

 Lbs.

217

542

153

178

Total.

Lbs.

1,668

1,910

2,481

2,130

Melting.

Time.

Min.

33

27

27

32

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

3,033

4,244

5,513

4,260

Ratio 

iron 

to 

coke.

5.49

5.76

6.93

6.96

Loss.

Per ct.

4.90

10.66

0.16

5.76

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,185

770

334

697

Coke

Lbs.

126

99

72

124

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. ...................

2....................

3....................

4....................

5....................

6....................

7....................

8....................

9....................

10....................

11....................

12....;...............

13....................

14....................

15....................

16....................

17....................

18....................

19....................

20....................

21....................

22....................

23....................

Test 103.

Pounds.

66 

95 

75 

36 

96 

61 

101 

70 

88 

99 

94 

97 

90 

104 

96 

88 

95

Time 

(a.m.).

8.35 

8.38 

8.41 

8.42 

8.43 

8.45 

8.45* 

8.51 

8.51* 

8.52 

8.56 

8.56| 

8.57 

8.59 

8.59* 

9.00 

9.03

Test 124.

Pounds.

91 

 34 

90 

76 

83 

69 

72 

92 

57 

66 

90 64' 

53 

80 

53 

99 

66 

72 

61

Time 

(a.m.).

10.19 

10.19* 

10.26 

10.26| 

10.27 

10.30 

10.31 

10.32 

10.33 

10.33* 

10.34 

10.34* 

10.35 

10.37 

10.37* 

10.38 

10.38* 

10.40 

10.41

Test 109.

Pounds.

54 

112 

125 

102 

112 

110 

69 

108 

114 

. 92 

113 

104 

105 

108 

100 

97 

118 

110 

80 

110 

96 

80 

109

Time 

(a. m.).

10.41 

10.45 

 10.45* 

10.46 

10.47 

10.47* 

10.48 

10.51* 

10.52 

10.52* 

10.53 

10.55 

10.55* 

10.56 

10.56* 

10.57 

10.57* 

10.58 

10.59 

11.02 

11.03 

11.03* 

11.04

Test 133.

Pounds.

51 

84 

94 

69 

82 

105 

80 

72, 

 116 

92 

83 

107 

102 

80 

106 

68 

101 

104 

77 

84 

52 

103 

40

Time 

(a.m.).

11.07 

11.10 

11.11 

11.13 

11.15 

11.15* 

11.16 

11.18* 

11.19 

11.19* 

11.20 

11.22 

11.22* 

11.23 

11.23* 

11.24 

11.26 

11.27 

11.27* 

11.28 

11.29 

. 11.32 

11.33
56 REPORT ~U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Remarks. Test 103: Temperature of iron, medium. 

109: Iron very hot and fluid.

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Test 124: Iron sluggish. Test

Alabama No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 128. Size as used: Over £ inch, 1.2 per cent; TV inch to \ inch, 4.5 per cent; 

-fa inch to ^inch, 14 per cent; fa inch to -fa inch, 23.5 per cent; through -fa inch, 56.8 

per cent. Kind of binder, water-gas pitch; laboratory No. 3410 (seep. 40). Weight 

of fuel briquetted, 15,200 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal as received, 12,395; per 

pound of briquets as fired, 13,590; per pound of binder, 16,478. For analyses of 

briquets see page 53 (steaming test 413).

English briquets made at 179.6° F., 3.37 pounds average weight, with 5.5 per cent 

binder, had edges that crumbled slightly, but surfaces were firm; fracture slightly 

crumbly. With 6, 6.5, and 7 per cent binder the outer surfaces were smooth and 

hard, fracture clean, and broken surfaces rough but very firm. In the drop test 

with 6 per cent binder the 1-inch screen held 83.3 per cent and passed 16.7 per cent. 

In the weathering test briquets of all binders were exposed 214 days; condition B.

Renfrow briquets made at 149° F., 0.43 pound average weight, with 6 and 6.5 per 

cent binder, were crumbly and broke easily; broken surfaces crumbly. With 7 and 

7.5 per cent binder tough briquets resulted, with hard and smooth outer surfaces; 

broke with clean fracture. In the weathering test all binders were exposed 214 days; 

condition for the 7.5 per cent binder, B, for the others, C.

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSj:

....................do....

....................do....

....................do....

Pitch.

3410

78.98

Fuel.

3103

5.50

.46

.43

Briquets, 

test 123.

0.90

4 on

4.86

5.57

ALABAMA NO. 5.

Bituminous coal from the Black Creek bed at Lehigh, Blount 

County, on the Louisville and Nashville Kailroad, was designated 

Alabama No. 5. The coal, as worked from the outcrop of this place, 

averages 2 feet 8 inches in thickness. .

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in steaming tests 478 

and 480^ washing test 195, and coking test 171.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4090 

was taken 2,000 feet south of the opening, where the coal measured 

3 feet in thickness. Sample 4091 was taken 2,100 feet south of the 

opening, where the coal measured 2 feet 4^- inches in thickness.
TESTS ALABAMA. 57

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Alabama No. 5.

Proximate:

Volatile matter .................................

Ash .............................................

Ultimate: 

Hydrogen. ......................................

Calorific value determined (as received), j^1 ? 3 - '

Mine samples.

4090 

3.60

4.72 

28.69 

62.45 

4.14 

.83

4091 

1.90

2.93 

29.06 

65.28 

2.73 

.65

81.63 

146.93

Car sample.

4252- 

4.40

5.59 

25.05 

53.28 

16.08 

1.40

4.70' 

06.58 

1.27 

9.92

66.16 

119.06

Steaming tests.o

478.

5.51 

24.15 

50.44 

19.90 

1.90

4.09 

66.58 

1.27 

4.99 

21.06 

2.01

480..

5.70 

23.85 

52.74 

17.71 

1.47

4.22 

68.94 

. 1.31 

5.19 

18.18 

1.56

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured frorn car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Alabama No. 5 (run of mine).

Test 478. Test 480.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch..... ^.......................................... . ........per cent..

i inch to 1 inch.......................................................... do..

J inch to £ inch..........................;................ ..........do..

Under J inch............................................................. do..

Average diameter.......................................................inch

Duration of test.. .......................................................... .hours

Heating value of coal..............................B. t. u. per pound of dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper..............................................inch water..

Above fire...............................................................do....

In ash pit (forced draft).................................................do....

Furnace temperature, °F..........................................................

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour..................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour,..................................................................do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212s F.: ' 

Per pound of coal as fired...............................................do...'.

Per pound of dry coal...................................................do....

Per pound of combustible...............................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...................................... .per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.......................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour..........................................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do....

4.8

13.8

19.5

61.9

0.38

9.93

11,932

0.89 

.19

2,561 

'19.01

2.94

82.6

6.08

7.33

7.76

10.34

62.80

3.85

4.76

3.64

4.50

4.1

15.3

22.7

57.9

0.39

9.57

12,335

0.86 

.09 

.25

22.86

3.73

104.6

6.40

7.70

8.17

10.65

63.96

3.67

4.53

3.46

4.27

WASHING TEST.

Alabama No. 5 (run of mine.) 

Test 195 (preliminary float and sink tests on raw coal a}.

Float and sink test 

No.

1.. ...................

2.....................

3.....................

4.....................

Size 

used.

....do...

....do...

Specific 

gravity 

of 

solution 

used.

1.35 

1.40 

1.45 

1.52

Float 

(Per 

cent) .

81

85 

87

87

Sink 

(per 

cent).

19 

15 

13 

13

Float coal analysis.

Ash.

Percent.

2.18 

2.63 

2.66 

3.19

Per 'cent 

reduction.

86 

84 

84 

80

Sulphur.

Percent.

0.81 

.98 

1.05 

1.13

Per cent 

reduction.

42 

30 

25 

19

Not enough coal for other tests.
58 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

COKING. TEST.

Alabama'No. 5 (run of mine).

Test 171. Size as used, raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 42 hours; coal 

charged, 12,110 pounds; coke produced, 7,950 pounds, 65.65 per cent; breeze produced, 390 pounds, 3.22 per cent; total yield, 68.87 per cent. Good coke, light gray 

and silvery. Ash high; washing would improve, reducing both ash and sulphur.

Analyses.

Ash....................................................................................

Coal.

3.98

26.55

56.92

.12.65

1.44

Coke.

0.59

.89

81.10

17.42

1.16

ALABAMA NO. 6.

Bituminous coal from the Pratt bed at Dolomite, Jefferson County, 

was designated Alabama No. 6. This coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 4 feet 8 inches in thickness.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal shipped under the supervison of K. M. Way, and was used in steaming test 484, producer-gas 

test 155, washing test 192, and coking tests 172 and 174 (washed).

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4292 

was taken 2 miles southeast of the opening, where the coal measured 

4 feet 8J- inches in thickness. Sample 4293 was taken 2 miles east of 

the opening, where the coal measured 4 feet 8J inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Q Alabama No. 6,

Proximate:

Ash .............................................

Ultimate:

Ash... ..........................................

Mine samples.

4292 

2.30

3.23 

26.97 

65.97 

3.83 

.57

4293 

2.20

2.81 

26.52 

67.16 

3.51 

.59

81.35 

146. 43

Car samples.

4338 

2.. 40

3.23 

26.16 

63.90 

-6.71 

.61

4.99

78.33

1.42

7.94

78.19 

140.74

4353 

2.80

3.56 

26.24 

63.25 

6.95 

.58

Steaming 

test 484.a

2.86 

25.80 

63.98 

7.36 

.57

4.76 

80.42 

1.46 

5.19 

7.58 

.59

Proximate analysis of fuel a's fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 
TESTS ALABAMA, 59

STEAMING TEST.

Alabama No. 6 (run of mine). '

Test 484.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch.....................................................................per cent.

J inch to 1 inch....................................................... ^.............do...

| inch to $ inch.............................:.......................................do...

Under J inch.................................................;.................... .do...

Average diameter..................................................................inch.

Duration of test......................................................................hours.

Heating value of coal........................................... B. t. u. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper......................................................... inch water.

Above fire..........................................................................do...

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... .do...

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.........................................

 Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired....... ....... ..............pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.......................................................... do...

Per pound of dry coal...................... '. .......................................do...

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.

Per electrical horsepower hour..................................................... .do...

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................... do...

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do...

23,9

23.3

17.6

35.2

.76

9.58

14,447

0.82

.17

20.22

4.00

112.2

7.96

' 9.64 

9.92 

10.99 

60.30

2.93

3.62

2.85

3.52

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Alabama No. 6 (run of mine).

Test 155. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 198.6, average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 143.7, total coal fired, 9,000 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per Jiorsepovter hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake, horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

0.94

.91

.79

.77

 1.02

.99

.87

.84

Dry coal.

0.91

.89

.78

.75

1 00

97

.85

.82

Combustible.

0.85

.82

79

.70

o?

.90

70

.76

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 2.44

Volatile matter............................. 25.96

Fixed carbon............................... 64.70

Ash......................................... 6.90

Sulphur...................'.................. .59

Oas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COt)........................ 9.6

Carbon monoxide (CO)...................... 19.5

Hydrogen (Ha).............................. 14.9

Methane (CH<).............................. 1.7

Nitrogen (N»)............................... 54.2

Ethylene (Cd3.t)............................. .1
60 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-"7.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS. 

Alabama No. 6 (run of mine).

Washing test 192. Duration of test, 1£ hours. Size as used, through 1-inch screen. 

Jig used, special; speed, 70 r. p. m.; stroke, 1\ inches. Raw coal, 12 tons; washed 

coal, 10.75 tons, 90 per cent; refuse, 1.25 tons, 10 per cent.

Analyses.

Sample tested. Lab. No.

4353

4419

Moisture.

3.39

6.69

8.21

A

Per cent.

6.84

4.76

34.92

sh.

Per cent reduction.

30

Sulphur.

Per cent

0.59C9

2.20

Float and sink tests.

No. of test.

On raw coal (preliminary) : 

1. .......................

2. ................ .......

3........................

4........................

On refuse (float): a 

1. .......................

2.........-..-.....-.--..

4........................

Size 

used 

(inch) .

a

3

I

Specific 

gravity 

of solution 

used.

1.36

1.42

1.48 

1.56

1.35 

1.40 

1.45 

1.52

Percentage of 

float.

To 

refuse.

18.40 

20.80 

20.80 

22.30

To 

total 

sample.

87 

90 

91 

94

1.91 

2.16 

2.16 

2.32

Sink 

(per 

cent) .

13 

10 

9

6

Analyses.

Ash.

Per 

cent.

2.81 

3.51 

3.43 

3.75

2.81

3.48

4.06

5.09

Per 

cent reduction.

59 

49 

50 

45

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

0.54 

.57 

.53 

.56

.89

1.01

1.17

1.06

Per 

cent 

reduction.

8.5 

4.0 

10.0 

5.0

a Figures indicate that flner crushing is advantageous. Loss of "good coal" in the refuse will not 

exceed 1 per cent. By "good coal" is meant all coal of a quality equal to or better than that of the 

washed coal. It will be noted that in the washing test the sulphur shows the same percentage in the 

washed coal that it did in the raw coal. This is due to the fact that the reduction of the ash is so much 

greater than the reduction of the sulphur that the resulting percentage of the sulphur to the washed coal

is the same as that of the original sulphur to the raw coal. By the formula Y= ^M it is found that 

10 per cent of the sulphur in the raw coal was removed in washing.

Coking tests. 

............................. . jper cen£ 

[pounds. . . " " ' ' ' " |per cent.. 

...................................do....

Test 172 

(raw) .

 i.e.'

40

12,100

. 8, 350

69.01 

316

2.61 

71.62

Test 174 

(w.).

f />

50

11,880

7,800

65.66 

221

1.86

67.52

Remarks. Test 172: Good heavy coke, light-gray and silvery color; metallic ring; 

cell structure good; breakage good, uniform-sized pieces. Test 174: Good heavy coke, 

light-gray and silvery color; cell structure rather small; breakage good, uniform-sized 

pieces; coke better than from raw charge; improvement does not warrant washing, as 

ash and sulphur are both low.
TESTS ARGENTINA. 

Analyses.

61

(

Ash.........................................................

Washing 

test 192, 

car 

sample 

raw coal.

3.39 

26.20 

63.57 

6.84 

.59

Coking test 172.

Coal.

3.28 

25.30 

64.50 

6.92 

.59

Coke.

0.46 

.35 

89.37 

' 9.82 

.59

Coking test 174.

Coal. 

6.73 

24.84 

63.57 

4.86 

.59

Coke.

0.63 

.27 

92.36 

6.74 

.60

ARGENTINA.

ARGENTINA NO. 1.

Coal received from the Province of Mendoza, Argentina, South 

America, was designated Argentina No. 1.

The coal was taken from two different parts of the mine, the depths 

being 290 and 110 to 140 feet, respectively, and was used in steaming 

tests 451, 458, and 485 (on briquets); washing tests 187 and 187a; 

and briquetting test 180.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Argentina No. 1.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Ash.............................................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined.... ........ :............./«al°ries--

IJB. t. U...

Car samples.

. 4060

7.10 

19.37 

30.97 

42.56 

.82

4079 

3.00

7.67 

18.39 

31.09 

42.85 

1.21

3.40 

36.55 

.95 

15.04

3,511

6.320 

3,504 

6,307

Steaming tests.o

. 451.

6.94 

16.87 

26.03 

50.16 

.60

2.40 

34.42 

.89 

7.74 

53.91 

.64

458.

16.48 

17.96 

34.23 

31.33 

.65

3.26 

46.73 

1.21 

10.51 

37.51 

.78

485.

8.75 

21.45 

33.75 

36.05 

.80

3.41 

47.51 

.92 

7.77 

39.51 

.88

( Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
62 EEPOKT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Argentina No. 1 (run of mine).

Test 

451.

Test 

458 (w.).

Test 

485 (w.).o

Size as used:

Over 1 inch....................'........................... .per cent..

| inch to 1 inch.................................................do....

 J inch to J inch..:............................................do....

Under J inch.................................................. do....

Average diameter.............................................inch..

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel....................B. t. u. per pound of dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper............:...................... .inch water..

Above fire.................................................... do....

In ash pit (forced draft)....................................... do....

Furnace temperaure ........'......'......... .................'....... .°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour..........pounds..

Equivalent-water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.......................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired........pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry fuel......................-..........'........ .do-....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour..................:........ .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................... .do:...

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

2"0.5 

18.8 

18.7 

42.0 

0.63 

8.15 

5,933

0.60 :is

.71

2432

1.22

34.2

I.96

2.34

2.51

6.80

40.85

12.09

14.92

II.27 

13.91

4.1

10.9

13.6

71.4

0.32

0.76 

.11 

.53

c-2,014 

21.58

1.89 

52.9 

a 04

a 66

4.38

7.95

50.97

7.73

9.54

6.46

7.97

See p. 63.

6 2.80.

8,235

0.80 

.02 

.55

31.34

2.65

74.3

3.20

a 87

4.24

8.52

49.72

7.31

9.02

6.67

8.23

<» On Renfrew briquets, made in test 180, briquets burned slowly; did not crack open; gave low furnace temperature, and made 4 per cent black smoke. Ash formed on surface of briquets, and tended 

to form clinker, holding large amount of unconsumed fuel. These lumps were hard to break up. 

Ash and clinker were white and gray; 60 per cent clinker.

6 The test was too short for reliable results.

c 25 per cent of the reading too low to be read by pyrometer.

WASHING TESTS.

Argentina No. 1 (run of mine). 

Preliminary float and sink tests on raw coal.

Float and sink test 

No.

1...... ...............

2..................... 3...:...............:.

4.....................

Size used 

(inch).

i

f

Specific

gravity 

of solution 

used.

1.55 

1.60 

1.65 

1.70

Float 

(per 

cent).

45 

59 

59 

61

 Sink (peicent).

55 

41 

41 

39

Float coal analysis.

Ash.

Per cent.

22.56 

24.96 

27.68 

27.90

Per cent reduction.

47 

41 

35 

34

Sulphur.

Per cent.

0.73

.78 

.72 

.70

Per cent reduction.

12 

12 

12 

12

Washing tests.

Jig adjustment: 

Make or number. .....

Speed....... .r. p. m.. 

Stroke ........ inches . .

Test 187.

Stewart.

35 

6

Test 187a.

Stewart.

35 

6

Washed coal.. {p-ercde°ni--

TJpfnsp Keruse........|1 ---tons.. percen(._

Test 187.

18

g

50 

9

50

Test 187a.

5.5

^ ^

60 

2.2

40
TESTS ARKANSAS. 63

Analyses.

Sample tested.

Washed coal.................{g?Hg- imou j.o'ii' - 

Lab. No.

4060 

4123 

4344

Moisture.

7.10 

17.29 

22.73

Ash.

Per cent.

42.56 

29.67 

34.57

Per cent reduction.

....... ..... 

19

Sulphur.

Per cent.

0.82 

.64 

.55

Per cent reduction.

""""22 

33

BEIQUETTING TEST.

Argentina No. 1 (run of mine, washed). 

Test 180. Size as used: Over £ inch, 3 per cent; -fa inch to % inch, 8.4 per cent 

 fa inch to TV inch, 15 per cent; $$ inch to -fa inch, 19.2 per cent; through ¥V inch, 

54.4 per cent. Briquets very heavy and hard, and gave rough fracture without crun> 

bling when broken, as the coal particles were firmly cemented together and could be 

handled when warm without breaking. For analyses of briquets see page 61 (steaming test 485).

Details of manufacture:

Binder 

Kind.............................

Amount .............. .per cent. . Weight of 

Heat value per pound 

Renf. 

185

w. g.p.

4543

7

6,000 

0.603

6,930 

7,515 

16,969

Drop test (1-inch screen): 

Held......................

Tumbler test Q-inch. screen): 

Held......'................

Fines through 10-mesh sie 

Weathering test: 

Time exposed ............

Water absorption:

.....do....

.....do....

....do....

....days..

.....do....

84.5 

15.5

91.2 

8.8 

94.0

19 

A

9.8 

1.44 

1.467

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSa: 

As received

....................do....

....................do....

....................do....

Pitch.

4543

99.66

Fuel.

4344

18.50

.08

.06

Briquets, 

test 180.

4.30

6.38

6.10

6.06

ARKANSAS.

ARKANSAS 1STO. l.a

Bituminous coal from Huntington, Sebastian County, on the Frisco 

System, was designated Arkansas No. 1 B. The coal as worked at a 

depth of 110 feet at this place averages 7 feet in thickness.

This sample consisted of slack coal. It was loaded under the supervision of John W. Groves, and was used in making washing test 139; 

coking tests 95, 96, 97, and 100 (washed), and cupola tests 96 and 115.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2586 

was cut 900 feet west of the shaft, where the coal measured 7 feet 9 

inches in thickness. Sample 2585 was cut one-half mile south of the 

shaft, where the coal measured 7 feet 3 inches in thickness.

a For other tests on coal from this locality made in 1904, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261, 1905, 

pp. 33, 80,122, and 148; and Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48, 1906, pp. 42,198, 345,1328,1430.
64 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. , 

Arkansas No. IB.

Proximate: 

Moisture ......... . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .................'..

Ash. ........... . . ........... . . . . . . . . . ................. .

Ultimate:

Carbon. .............................................................

O-yvfypTI

Calorific value (as received):

Mine samples.

f

2585 

2.90

3.53 

16.66 

72.04 

7.77 

1.29

7,787

14,017'

. 2586 

3.50

4.00 

16.82 

72.04 

7.14 

1.32

,Car 

sample.

2689 

6.70

7.49 

15.16 

59.38 

17.97 

1.06

4.34 

65.54 

1.36 

9.73

6,316 

11,369 

6,394 

11,509

Washing test 139. Jig used, Stewart. 

pounds; refuse, 15,190 pounds.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Arkansas No. 1 B (slack). .

Raw coal, 61,190 pounds; washed, 46,000

Coking tests (on washed coal).

Coal charged. .................... .................. .pounds . . 

V....do....

.................. |per cent 

(pounds. . .

..... .................do....

Test 

95.

s.

49

10.000 

5,832

58.32 

574

5. 74 

64.06

Test 

96.

f. c.

71

10,000 

5,806

58.06 

1,290

12.90 

70.96

Test 

97.o

f. c.

48

10,000 

6,055

60.55 

214

2.14 

62.69

Test 

100.6

f. C.

50

10,000 

5,976

59.76 

391

3.91 

63.67

a Plus 10 per cent pitch. 6 Plus 15 per cent pitch.

Remarks. Test 95: Soft and punky; dense; breakage very irregular; large and small 

lumps. Test 96: Soft and punky with no cell structure; very soft and dense coke. 

This test was run slowly to save burning fixed..carbon and to compare with test 95. 

Could not get heat, and noncementing action, due to this cause, probably accounts for 

high breeze. Test 97: Dull-gray color; dense; breakage very bad and irregular; large 

and small chunks. Test 100: Dull-gray color; soft and punky; dense; practically 

same as test 97, possibly a little better.

Analyses.

Ash...............

Washing test 139.

Raw 

coal.

7.49 

15.16

59.38

17.97 

1.06

Washed 

coal.

6.32

8.62 

1.12

Coking test 95.

Coal.

10.96 

16.66 

66.51 

5.87 

1.01

Coke.

2.89 

3.67 

85.23 

8.21 

1.25

Coking test 96.

Coal.

6.77 

15.04 

69.32 

8.87 

1.14

Coke.

1.31 

2.44 

84.53 

11.72 

1.11

Coking test 97.

Coal.

7.80 

18.93 

64.92 

8.35 

1.08

Coke.

2.74 

1.29 

85.81 

10.16 

1.02

Coking test 100.

Coal.

5.69 

17.34 

68.67 

8.30 

1.12

Coke.

0.18 

2.03 

87.26 

10.53 

1.07
TESTS ARKANSAS. 65

Cupola tests of coke made from Arkansas No. 1 E coal (washed, phis 10 per cent, pitch}.

CHARGE.

Cupola

test 

No.

90 

115

Coke.o

Test 

No.

97 

97

Specific 

gravity.

1.9G 

1.96

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

93. 06

94.44

Materials.

Coke. .......

Pig iron.. ..

{Pig iron... .

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

190 

570 

190

2.

Lbs. 

GO 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

3.

Lbs. 

60 420- 

140 

60 

420 

140

4.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

CO 

420 

140

5.

Lbs. 

CO 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2, 250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

RECORD OP MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

96

115

Blast pressure.

On at '

3.50 p. m....

3.33 p. in ... . 

Maximum.

 Oz.

7

7

running 

in 

Min.

8

14

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,C63

1,648

Additional 

melted.

7,6s.

319

404

Total.

Lbs.

1,982

2,052

'Melting.

Time.

Min.

36

25

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

Ratio 

iron 

to 

coke'.

3,303 ' 5.33

4,925 i 5.58

Loss.

Per ct.

9.60

10.70

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

730

627

Coke.

Lbs.

58

62

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1..... .......

9

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8.....'.......

9............

10............

11............

Test 96.

Pounds.

G4 

78 

85 

65 

73 

41 

79 

70 

70 

75 

61

Time 

(p.m.).

4.02 

4.07 

4.07* 

4.12 

4.124 

4.13 

4.13J 

4.14 

4.19 

4.194 

4.20

Test 115.

Pounds.

10C 

107 

104 

110 

.112 111- 

129 

107 

128 

111 

108

Time 

(p.m.).

3. 57 

3: 574 

3.58 

4.05 

- 4.06 

4.- 064 

4.07 

4.074 

4.08 

4.09 

4.10

Ladle No.

12............

13............

14............

15............

16. ...........

17............ 

18. ...........

19............

20. ...........

21............

.22............

Test 96.

Pounds.

108 

115 

61 

. 97 

112 

58 

77 

98 

55 

80 

41

Time 

(p. m.).

4.22 

4.22* 4.23" 

4.24 

4. 244 

. 4.25 

4.28 

4. 284 

4.20 

4.31 

4.34

Test 115.

Pounds.

100 

126 

95 

94

..........

Time 

(p.m.).

4.104 

4.11 

4. 1.1 J 

4.12

a Phosphorus in coke, 0.0135 per cent; sulphur in ash, 0.05 per cent.

Remarks. Test 90: Iron hot. Test 115: Iron hot; bed burned out and charges 

hung; bottom had to be dropped after the fifteenth ladle.

ARKANSAS NO. 7.

Bituminous coal from a mine located 4 miles southwest of Midland, 

Sebastian County, on the Midland Valley Railroad, was designated 

Arkansas No. 7. The coal as worked at a depth of 190 feet at this 

place averages 7 feet 6 inches in thickness.

Two lots of coal were shipped from this mine under the supervision 

of John W. Groves. Arkansas No. 7 A consisted of domestic lump 

which had passed over a 2-inch perforated screen. It was used in 

making steaming tests 293 and 294 and producer7gas test 96. Arkansas No. 7 B consisted of slack coal which had passed through a 2-inch 

19698, Bull. No. 332 08 5
66 EEPOET U. 'S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

perforated screen. It was used in making washing test 14 1, coking 

tests 104 and 105, cupola tests 116 and 142, and briquetting test 106. 

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2593 

was cut 950 feet northwest of the foot of the slope, where the coal 

measured 8 feet in thickne'ss. Sample 2594 was taken 900 feet northeast of the foot of the slope, where the coal measured 7 feet 11 inches 

in thickness. :

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Arkansas No. 7.

Proximate:

Ash..................................

Ultimate:

O y-VfTPll

Ash..................................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined................ IS^T" [Jj. I. U . . .

Calculated from ultimate [Calories..

Mine samples.

2593

aso

3.97 

10.86 

73.26 

5.91 

1.53

7,909

14, 236

2594 

4.90

-5.38 

16.02 

69.76 

8.84 

3.20

Car samples. 

A.

2088 

4.90

5.47 

16.27 

66.57 

11.69 

2.02

4.33 

72.133 

1.20 

8.07

7,050 

12, 690 

7,058 

12, 704

B.

2722 

5.90

6.89 

15.23 

62.88 

15.00 

2.24

4.44

68.28 

1.26 

8. 78

6,700 

12, 000 

6,718 

12, 092

Steaming tests."

293

5.41 

16.10 

' 68.34 

10.15 

1.81

4.03 

78.49 

1.36 

3.48 

10.73 

1.91

294 .

! 5.55 

15.88 

67.40 

11.17 

1.86

a 97

77.47 

1.34 

3.42 

11.83 

1.97

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Arkansas No. 7 A (lump).

Size as used: .

£ inch to 1 inch ................................. . . .

J inch to $ inch ..................................

Force of draft : Under stack damper ..................................

In ash pit (forced draft) ..............................

....... ....... ..:.do....

..................do....

per pound of dry coal. .

............inch water.. 

..................do....

..................do....

............ ........°F..

....... . . ....nounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per 

hour. . ................................ . ............................. Doiinas..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................dor...

Test 293.

0.3 

11.9 

18.5

eas

9.8 

13, 705

 0.62 

.15

1,972 

U71

2.60

72.8 

7.55

8.97 

9.48 

11.02 

66.80

3.15 

3.89

2.98 

3.68

Test 294.

7.0 

8.8 

14.1 

70.1 

10.0 

13, 531

0.62

.25 

2,060 

17.34

3.06

85.7 

7.01

8.35 

 8. 84 

30.34 

63.09

3.39 

4.18

3.20 

3.95
TESTS 'ARKANSAS.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Arkansas No. 7 A (lump).

Test 96. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 28 per cent; £ inch to ] inch, 10 per cent; £ 

inch to $' inch, 15 per cent; under | inch, 47 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours; 

average electrical horsepower, 137.3; average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 125.5; 

total coal fired, 12,900 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.00

1.88

1.75

l.CO

2.24

2.04

1.90

1.74

Dry 

coal.

1.97

1.80

1.07

1.53

2.14

1.9G

1.82

1.00

Combustible.

1.72

1.57

1.40

1.34

1.87

1.71

1.59

1.45

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 4.27

Volatile matter............................. 16.04

Fixed carbon............................... 07. 43

Ash......................................... 12.26

Sulphur...................................... 2.15

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COz)........................ 14.8

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 12.1

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 16.1

Methane (CR,)............................. 1.6

Nitrogen (N2)............................... 55. 4

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Arkansas No. 7 B (slack).

Washing test 141- Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 50.000 pounds; washed, 38,000 

pounds; refuse, 12.000 pounds.

 Coking tests' (on washed coal).

Test 104. Test 105."

Total yield ..................................

/pounds...

............................ P.er.don ."

67 57

10, 000 10, 000

2,730 4,868

27. 30 48. 68 

3, 750 1, 604

a Plus 5 per cent pitch.

Remarks. Test 104: Dull-gray color; very soft and light weight; breaking up 

in oven, on pulling, into large and small chunks; has appearance of being cemented 

together after volatile was driven off; practically no cell structure; high yield of 

breeze due to noncementing action, all volatile, as analysis shows, being driven off 

finely crushing before charging. Test 105: Soft and punky; very dense; dull and not 

gray color; physically better than coke from coal without pitch; percentage of breeze 

very high; breaks into large and small chunks; better weight than coke in test 104, 

but light.
68 KEPOBT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7. 

Analyses.

Ash......................................

Washing test 141.

Raw 

coal.

6.89 

15.23

62.88

15.00 

2.24-

Washed 

coal.

6.45

7.i9 

1.89

Coking test 104.

Coal.

6.98 

14.86 

70.97 

7.19 

1.78

Coke.

0.13 

.53

89.72 

9.62 

1.70

Coking test 10 3.

Coal.

7.52 

16.66 

68.85 

6.97 

1.65

Coke.

0.67 

.85 

89.14 

9.34 

1.60

Cupola tests of coke made from Arkansas No. 7 B coal (washed, plus 5 per cent pitch).

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

116 

142

Coke.a

Test 

No.

105 

105

Specific gravity.

1.97 

197

Ratio 

iron, 

to coke.

7 

7

Fluidity strip 

full.

Per ct. 

99.9

93.05

Materials.

{Pig iron.....

(Coke........

 jPig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

220 

660 

220 

220 

660 

220

2.

Lbs. 

53 

398 

133 

53 

398 

133

3.

Lbs. 

53 

398 

133 

53 

398 

133

4.

Lbs. 

52 

397 

132 

52 

397 

132

5.

Lbs. 

52 397" 

132 

52 

397 

132

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

a Phosphorus in coke, 0.0135 per cent; sulphur in ash, 0.07 per cent. 

RECORD OF MELT.

test 

No.

116

142

Blast pressure.

On at 

10.41 a. m...

10. 55 a. m. . .

MaxiOz.

7

7

running

Min.

12

6

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

772

1,637

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

318

399

Total.

Lbs.

1,090

2,036

Melting.

Time.

Min.

33

35

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

1,982

3,490

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

3.25

5.72

Loss.

Per ct.

3.13

7.60

Recovered.

Iron

Lbs.

1,816

736

Cok.:.

Lbs.

95

74

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. ...........

4............

7............

0

9

10............

Test 116.

Pounds.-

. 83 

94 

74 

90 

97 

23 

. 65 

72 

89 

61 

24

Time, 

(a. m.).

11.05 

11. 00 

11.11 

11.12 

11. 12J 

11.13 

11.17 

11.17* 11. 18" 

11.25 

11.26

Test 142.

Pounds.

81 

87 

75 

73 

70 

80 

75 

80 

84 

61 

99

Time 

(a. m.).

11.07 

11.10 

11. 10^ 

11.12 

11. 12J 

11.17 

11. 17J 

11.18 

11.19 

11.23 

11. 23 J

Ladle No.

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21 ...........

22 ...........

Test 116.

Pounds. Time 

(a.m.).

Test 142.

Pounds.

83 

64 

104 

77 

55 

98 

72 

58 

03 

58 

40

Time 

(a. m.).

11.24 

11.25 

11.25* 

11.26 

11.28 

11. 11.29" 28i 

11.33 

11. 334 

11.34 

11.36

Remarks. Test 116: Iron hot; charges hung and bottom dropped after eleventh 

ladle. Test 142: Iron medium temperature.
TESTS ARKANSAS. . 69

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Arkansas No. 7 B (washed slack).

Test 106. Machine used, English. Temperature of briquets, 179.6° F. Kind of 

binder," coal-tar pitch; laboratory No. 2735 (see p. 40). Amount of binder, 4, 5, 

and 6 per .cent. Weight of fuel briquetted, 4,000 pounds.

Briquets made with 4, 5, and 6 per cent of binder were equally satisfactory, with 

hard, fine structure, glossy fracture, and well-molded, sharp edges. In the drop 

test with 4 per cent binder the 1-inch screen held 31.4 per cent and passed 68.6 per 

cent. In the weathering test all binders were exposed 80 days; condition for the 4 

per cent C, for the others B.

ARKANSAS NO. 8.

Semi anthracite coal from Spadra, Johnson County, on the St. 

Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, was designated Arkansas No. 8. The coal as worked at a depth of 87 feet at this place 

'averages 2 feet 10 inches in thickness.

.The sample, which was shipped under the supervision of W. J. Von 

Borries, consisted of No. 4 coal screened on a IJ-inch round perforated screen. It was used in making steaming tests 297, 308, and 

(washed coal) 309; producer-gas test 95, and washing test 144. 

, Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2587 

was cut 1,300 feet northeast of the .shaft, where the coal measured 

2 feet 11 inches in thickness. Sample 2588 was cut 1,650 feet northwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 2 feet !! $ inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Arkansas No. 8.

Proximate:

Ash. ..................................

Ultimate:

Ash. ..................................

Calorific value (as received): 

Determined................ {Sf1?"®8 "

1 Jj. 1*. U. . .

Mine samples.

2587 

2.50

3.12 

11.39 

77.03 

. 8.40 

1.84

7,007 

13, 793

2588 

2.10

2.72 

11.20 

77.71 

8.37 

2.78

Car 

sample.

2744 

4.40

5.19 

10.49 

70.31 

14.01 

2.05

3.78 

72.43 

.51 

7.22

0,922 

12, 460 

6,891

12, 404

Steaming tests.*

297.

3.24 

9.90 

' 71.93 

14.93 

 2.40

3.34 

75.46 

.53 

2.70 

15.43 

2.54

308.

5.93 

11.21 

74.80 

8.06 

2.08

3.03 

82.06 

.57 

2.96 

8.57 

2.21

309.

5.93 

10.79 

75. 43 ' 

7.85 

2.03

3.64 

82.30 

.59 

2.97 

8.34 

 2.16

o The flowing point of the binder used was 188.8° F., and 58.56 per cent of the sample as received was 

extracted by CSj. All other data concerning this binder were lost in the fire. 

& Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
70 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

Arkansas No. 8 (washed).

Test 297. Test 308. Test 309

46.6.

16.0

8.7

28.7

9.72

13,000

0.63

Size as used:

Over 1 inch................................................per cent..

\ inch to 1 inch................................................do....

\ inch to \ inch................................................ do....

Under J inch................................................. .do....

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of coal.................... B. t. u. per pound of dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper................'................... .inch water..

Above fire..................................................... do ....

In ash pit.....................................................do....

Furnace temperature...............................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour....... .pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed......................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...... .pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212b F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.................................... .do....

Per pound of dry coal.........................................do. ...

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate............................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................... .do....

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

6.03

1,964

18.55

3.03 

85". 0 

6.69

7.93

8.19

10.49

60.84

3.57

4.40

3.45

4.26

24.0

17.0

18.0

41.0

5.03

14,125

0.72 

(a)

1,961

16.13

2.89

80.9

7.01

8.42

8.96

10.82

61.26

3.36

4.15

3.16

3.90

15.4

14.8

18.5

15.3

5.03

14,153

0.62

2,403

22.12

3.79

106. 3

6.69

8.59

10.06

58.61

3.50 

4.-32

3.29

4.07

Natural draft. f> Forced draft.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Arkansas No. 8.

Test 95. Size as shipped, 4 inches; size as used: -Over 1 inch, 68 per cent; $ inch 

to 1 inch, 13 per cent; J inch to \ inch, 6 per cent;- under \ inch, 13 per cent. Duration of test, 26 hours; average electrical horsepower, 177.2; average B. t. u. per cubic 

foot of gas, 130; total coal fired, 8,550 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepo/rer Jwur (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower: .

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1 Qfi

1.86

1.66

1 CO

2.13

2.02

1.81

1.72

Dry coal.

1 Qfl

1.81

1.62

1 14

2.07

1.97

1.76

1.67

Combustible.

1.60

1.52

1.36

1.29

1.74

1.65

1.48

1.40

Analyses.

Gas by volume.

Moisture.................................... 2.74

Volatile matter............................. 9.70

 Fixed carbon............................... 71.95

Ash......................................... 15.61

Sulphur..................................... 2.45

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 11.3

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 15.9

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 14.7

Methane (CH4 )............................. 1.0

Nitrogen (N2).............................. 56.7

Oxygen (O2)................................ .2

Ethylene (C2H4 )............. j.............. .2
TESTS ABKANSAS. 71

WASHING TESTS.

Arkansas No. 8.

Test 144. Size as shipped and used, No. 4 nut. Jigused, Stewart. Raw coal, 23,000 

pounds; washed, 19,570 pounds; refuse, 3,430 pounds.

Analyses. Raw coal: See car sample No. 2744 (p. 69). Washed coal: Moisture, 

5.03; ash, 7.85; sulphur, 2.03.

ARKANSAS NO. 9.

Bituminous coal from Bonanza, Sebastian County, on the Frisco 

System, was designated Arkansas No. 9. The coal, as worked at a 

depth of 350 feet at this place, averages 3 feet 3 inches in thickness.

This sample consisted of slack coal through a l|-inch bar screen. 

It was shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, and the 

following tests were made: Washing test, 140; coking tests, 98, 99, 

101, 102, and 103 on washed coal; and cupola tests 95 and 117.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2599 

was cut 1,400 feet southeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 

3 feet 1£ inches in thickness. Sample 2600 was cut 1,100 feet west 

of the shaft, where the coal measured 3 feet 2 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Arkansas No. 9.

Proximate:

Ash..................................................................

Ultimate:

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined. ......................................... .....l^1 ^8 --

Calculated from ultimate analysis ........................ fell(j)ri1(? s ' '

^.13 . U. U. . .

Mine samples.

2599 

1.70

1.99 

15.90 

75.05 

7.06 

.1.05

7,'826 

14,087

2000 

1.80

2.12 

16.17 

75.01 

6.70 

1.78

Car

'sample.

2690 

4.20

5.26 

14.71 

55.22 

24.81 

1.00

3.91 

59.87 

1.23 

9.18

5,806 

10,451 

5,812 

10, 462

WASHING AND COKING TESTS. f

Arkansas No. 9 (slack).

Washing test 140. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 77,300 pounds; washed, 57,350 

pounds; refuse, 19,950 pounds.

Coking tests (on washed coal).

Coke produced.............. ............ {p^.^.--

Breeze produced. .". ........... ../....... .'{{EJ^V '

\JJU I l^UIJ t . .

Total yield. . ............................... .do. ...

Test 98. Test 99.

»i 

f.c. 

28

H

H

24

Test lOl.o

T 14 

f.c.

39

Test 102.fr

, 1J 

f.c.

43 

10,000 

C,252 

02.52 

458 

4.58 

07.10

Test 103. "

14* 

H46 

10,000 

' 5, 107 

51.07 

1,693 

10.93 

08.00

a Plus 3.44 per cent asphalt. & Plus 10 per cent pitch. Plus 5 per cent pitch.
72 BEPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Remarks. Test 98: No coke produced; ashed down about 5 inches. Test 99 on 

washed slack not crushed gave same result; no coke. Test 101: No coke produced; 

ashed down about 6 inches. Test 102: Dull-gray color; soft and punky; dense with 

good weight; breakage very irregular, large and small chunks. Test 103: Very soft 

and punky; has appearance of being cemented together after volatile was driven off; 

high yield of breeze due to noncementing action, all volatile being driven off; 5 

per cent pitch, not enough, as results from test 102, 10 per cent pitch, show. '

Analyses.

Ash.................

Washing test 140.

Raw 

coal.

5.26 

1471 

55.22

24.81 

1.00

Washed, 

coal.

7.78

14.30 

.98

Coking 

test 98 

(coal) .

7.43 

13.84 

65.55 

13.18 

.96

Coking 

test 101 

(coal) .

6.30 

1474 

65.01 

13.95 

.98

Coking test 102.

Coal. 

5.60 

17.22 

6403 

13.15 

1.01

Coke.

0.30 

.81 

81.48 

17.41 

1.07

Coking test 103.

Coal.

5.76 

14.84 

66.63 

12.77 

1.02

Coke.

0.33 

.80 

83.70 

15.17 

1.07

Cupola tests of coke made from Arkansas No. 9 coal, washed, plus 10 per-cent pitch.

CHARGE.

Cupola

test 

No.

95 

117

Coke. a

Test 

No.

102 

102

Specific 

gravity.

2.04 

2.04

Ratio 

iron to 

coke. 

7 

7

Fluidity 

stnp 

full.

Per ct. 

88.89

98.61

Materials.

fCokc.....'...

 /Pig iron.....

Coke........

<Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

210 

630 

210 

220 

660 

220

2

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

53 

398 

133

3.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

53 

398 

133

4.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

 52 

397 

132

5.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

52 

r 397 

132

Total.

Lbs. 

. 430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test. 

No.

95

117

Blast pressure.

On at 

10. 50 a. m.

8. 02 a. m.

Maximum.

Oz.

7

o*

running 

in 

Min.

12

16

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

679

1,005

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

354

288

Total.

Lbs.

1,033

1,293

Melting.

Time.

Min.

28

25

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs..

2,214

3,103

Ratio 

iron 

to

coke.

3.56

4.01

Loss.

Perct.

5.07

8.10

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,815

1,464

Coke.

Lbs.

140

108

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

I...............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

Test 95.

Pounds.

' 82 

50 

92 

53 

58 

72 

91 

61 

59

Time 

(a.m.).

11.16 

 11.19 

U. 19§ 

11.20 

11.26 

11. 26J 

11.27 

11.29 

11. 29i

Test 117.

Pounds.

78 

52 

53 

- 70 

67 

37 

60 

66 

83

Time 

(a.m.).

8.26 

8.31 

8. 31§ 

8.32 

8. 32J 

8.34 

8. 34i 

8.35 

8. 35*

Ladle No.

10............

11...........

12...........

13........:..

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

Test 95.

Pounds.

61

Time 

(a.m.).

11.30

Test 117.

Pounds.

77 

54 

55 

64 

70 

48 

45 

26 '<>

Time . 

(a.m.).

8.38 

8.38J 

8.39 

8. 39J 

8.41J 

8.42 

8.42J 

8.43

a Phosphorus in coke, 0.0329 per cent; sulphur in ash, 0.17 per cent. 

Remarks. Test 95: Iron cold and dull. Test 117: Iron hot and fluid.
TESTS AEKANSAS. 73

ARKANSAS NO. 1O.

Lignite from a mine located 7 miles west of Lester, Ouachita 

County, on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, was 

designated Arkansas No. 10. The lignite, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 5 feet 6 inches in thickness.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine lignite and was shipped 

under the supervision of John W. Groves. It was used in steaming 

test 340 and producer-gas test 91.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2647 was taken 300 feet from the drift mouth, where the coal measured 6 feet 6 inches in thickness. Sample 2648 was taken in the air 

course 300 feet from the drift mouth, where the coal measured 5 feet 

in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Arkansas No. 10.

Proximate:

Ash.......................................................

Ultimate:

Ash.......................................................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined. ............................... .....ftalf 'f--

I ij. L. 11. ..

Mine samples.

2647 

32. 60

39.50 

25.35 

22.57 

12.58 

.53

" 3,265

5,877

2648 

35. 70

41.2& 

27.96 

22.98 

7.81 

 .50

Car 

sample."

2726 

25.10

39.43 

26.49 

24.37 

9.71 

.49

6.98 

36.33 

.68 

45. 81

3, 531

6, 356 

3,377

6,079

Steaming 

test 340.6

38. 75 

25.82 

22.20 

13. 23 

.57

4.00 

55.88 

1.04 

16.55 

21, 60 

.93

a Car sample figured from producer-gas test 91.

t> Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TEST.

Arkansas No. 10 (run of mine).

Size as used:

3 inch to ij inch................................................................per cent.

1J inch to 1 inch.................................................................... .do...

i inch to 1 inch.....................................................................do...

| inch to $ inch.................................................................... .do...

Under | inch.......................................................................do.-..

Duration of test......................................................................hours.

Heating value of fuel.......................................... .15. t. u. per pound dry fuel.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.........................................................inch water.

Above fire.......................................................................... d o...

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour........................ '..... .pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... .do...

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed................;.........................

Water apparently'evaporated per pound of fuel as fired............................pounds.

36.3

8.1

19.3

15.0

21.3

9.0

9,549

'.82

«. 12

35. 33

3.71

6 104. 0

2.99

« Forced draft. 6 Test represents maximum capacity.
74 EEPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TEST Continued. 

Arkansas No. 10 (run of mine).

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired ......................................................pounds..

Per pound of dry fuel..............................................................do....

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................ .per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour..................................................'. .do....

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

3.59

5.86

7.60

59.26

7.88

9.72

4.83

5.96

PKODUCER-GAS TEST.

Arkansas No. 10 (run of mine).

Test 91. Duration of test, 18 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 128.7. 

age B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 125.3. Total coal fired, 8,250 pounds.

AverCoal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower: 

Commercially available ..............................................

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

3.87

3.56

3.29

3.03

4.41

4.07

3.75

3.45

Dry coal.

2.34

2.16

1.99

1.83

2.67

2.46

2.27

2.09

Combustible.

1.96

1.81

1.67

1.54

2.24

2.07

1.91

1.76

Analysis of gas by volume.a 

Carbon dioxide(C02)..................\........................................... 13.5

Carbon monoxide (CO). ............................................................ 14. 0

Hydrogen (H2 ) .................................................................... 9. 2

Methane (HO,) ..........................................................:......... 2. 4

Nitrogen (N2 )...................................................................... CO. 9

ARKANSAS NO. 13.

Bituminous slack from mines at Denning, on the St. Louis, Iron 

Mountain and Southern. Railway, was designated Arkansas No. 13.

Three cars (100 tons) of this coal were shipped by the operator 

uninspected, and used for briquetting tests 164f6 , 214, and 221.

« For analysis of coal see p. 73 (car sample No. 2726).

& Briquets from this test were used in water-gas machine test. (See p. 44.)
TESTS ARKANSAS. 75

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Arkansas No. 13.

Proximate:

Ash.......................................................

Ultimate:

Ash.......................................................

Calorific value (ns received): 

Determined.. A.... ........................ ....{^neS --

I Jj. t. U . . . .

fcflilorios

Car 

sample.

3798

1.70

2.91 

12.65 

66.93 

17.51

3.60

70.88 

1.17 

3.72 

. 17. 51 

3.12

6, 840

12,312 

6,876 

12,377

Briquetting tests."

164f.

1.49 

15. 11 

68.30 

15. 10

2.58

3.84 

' 75.03 

1.35 

1.83 

15. 33 

2.62

214.

1.05 

16.50 

68.84 

13.61

2.48

3.85 

75.63 

1.24 

1.70 

15. 23 

2.33

221.

4620 

0.80

' 1.76 

15. 98 

67. 30 

14.96 

2.29

3.84 

75. 65 

1.24 

1.71 

15. 23 

2.33

7, 181 

12, 926

« Proximate analysis of coal as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis. 

BRIQUETTING TESTS. 

Arkansas No. 13 (slack).'

Tests 164\, 214, 221. Size as used: Over £ inch, 1.4 per cent; TV inch to £ inch, 6.2 

per cent; $ $ inch to TV inch, 10.6 per cent; ^ inch to ^ inch, 15.8 per cent; through 

 ^ inch, 66 per cent. There was no apparent difference in appearance between 

briquets made with 7 and 8 per cent binder. Both were excellent briquets, with 

hard, smooth surface, clean fracture, easily handled, and piled while warm. Less 

binder could be used with increased pressure. The briquets with 8 per cent binder 

made less slack in handling when cold. Those with 9 per cent binder were not satisfactory, as the pitch used had a much higher melting point and could not be successfully worked at the pressure available.

Details of manufacture:

Binder 

Kind....................................

Weight of 

Heat value per pound '

Drop test (1-inch screen) : Held........................................

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : Held .;.......................................

Weathering test:

Condition ...................................

Water absorption: 

In 19 days ..................................

In 13 days .....................,.......:.....

.................... °1'\.

..................do....

................. B.t.u..

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

.........."........do....

..................do....

..................do....

............. .per cent. .

..................do....

..................do....

.........................

Test 

1641 « .

Renf.

185

w. g- P3S85

7

140,000

0. 451

12,312

12,917

16, 870

54.5

45.5

79.0

21.0

87.7

106

B.

17.2

1. 130

Test 

214.

Renf.

185

w. g. p.

f 3885

1 4683 

8

40, 000

0.464

12,312

12,926

16, 812

49.5

50.5

81.5

18.5

87.3

13.6

/ 2. 36

1.161

Test 

221.

Renf.

185

w. g. p.

} 4625

9

' 5,000

0.489

12,312

 16, 576

51.0

49.0

86.0

14.0

88.9

16.2

1.72

1.247

aBriquets from this test were used in water-gas machine test (p. 44).
76 EEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

Pitches.

3885

95.20

4625

90.56

4683

89.31

Fuel.

3798 

1.70

.10 

.09

Briquets.

Test 

164.

4892 

0.70

5.80 

5. 76 

5.97

Tests 

214, 221.

4626 

0.80

6.34 

6.29 

6.63

FLORIDA.

FLORIDA XO. 1.

Peat from a bog located at Orlando, Orange County, on the Seaboard Air Line Railway, was designated Florida No. 1.

This sample consisted of machined peat made by a commercial 

process and sun dried, and was used in steaming test 386 and producergas test 117.

By this process the peat first passes through a condenser, which disintegrates the material and destroys the fiber. From the condenser 

the peat is elevated to a molding machine, consisting of a cylinder and 

two vertical molding wheels. Through the cylinder passes a vertical 

shaft to which are attached revolving arms set in a screw form. 

Between these arms perforated plates are set. The peat passing into 

the top .of the cylinder is forced down through the plates to the molding wheel. From the molding wheel the bricks, which are 8 by 4 by 

2-k inches, are dropped on boards which are being continually pushed 

under the machine by a link-belt carrier. These boards, containing 

6 bricks each, are loaded on wagons, 50 to the load, and are hauled to 

the drying ground, where they are allowed to lose from 60 to 75 per 

cent of their moisture content.

Two samples were taken for analysis. Sample 3268 is raw peat 

just as it comes from the bog, and sample 3269 is one of the bricks 

as it-came from the machine before delivery to the drying ground. ,
TESTS FLORIDA. 77

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Florida No. 1.

Proximate:

Ash......... ............. ±..... ...... .....................

Ultimate:

Oxygen

Bog samples.

'3268 

91.70

92.41 

4.68 

2.58 

.33 

.05

Sulphur

Calorific value (as received): 

Determined....................... ..............{^ri,f".

Calculated from ultimate annlvsis ........... -{yf 1 j^8 ' - - 

3269 

84.70

88.40 

v 7.28 

3.57 

.75 

.08

Car 

sample."

3270 

9.00

21.00 

. 51. 72 

22.11 

5.17 

.45

6.51 

46. 57 

2.33 

38.97

4,515

8,127 

4,338

7,808

Steaming test 

380.6

17.21 

51.01 

24.85 

6.93 

.49

'5.18 

57. 77 

2.89 

25.20 

8.37 

.59

a Figured from sample taken from producer-gas test 117.

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TEST. 

Florida No. 1 (compressed peat).

Test 386.

Duration of test.... ...................................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel.........................................B. t. u. per pound of dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper........'...,............................................ .inch water..

Above fire. ......................................................................... .do....

Furnace temperature....................................................................°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour.............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot-of water-heating surface per hour.......do....

percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed...........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired...............:........... .pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................................'.....................do....

Per pQund of dry fuel..............................................................do....

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour..................................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour..................................................... do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hou r.................................................... do....

Per electrical horsepower hour.........................:.........'................. .do....

4.07

10,082

O.C9

.13

2,457

33.49

4.04 

113.2

4.27

5.00

6.04

6.63

57.85

5.66

0.98

4.68

5.78

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Florida No. 1 (compressed peat).

Test 117. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 205. Average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 175.2. Total fuel fired, 29,250 pounds.

Peat consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds'). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per'brake horsepower: >

Peat as 

fired.

2.98

2.85

2.53

2.43

O AO

2.69

2.57

Dry

peat.

2.35

2.25

9 rin

1 09

2

CA

2 Of)

2.12

2.03

Combustible.

2.20

2 1 1

1 Q7

1 7Q

2

00

2 94

1 98

1 90
78 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

Analysis of gas by volume.a

Carbon dioxide (C02).............................................................. 12.4

Carbon monoxide (CO)........................................................... 21.0

Hydrogen (H2) ....................................:......................."...... 18.5

Methane (CH4 ) ................................................................... 2.2

Nitrogen (H2) .................'.................................................... 45.5

Ethylene (C2H2 )................................................................... 4

.GEORGIA.

GEORGIA NO. 1.

Bituminous coal from the Little River bed at Menlo, Chattooga 

County, on the Chattanooga Southern Railway, was designated 

Georgia No. 1. This coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, 

averages 1 foot 1.1 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of A. K. Adams, consisted of lump coal over a IJ-inch perforated stationary screen, and 

was used in steaming test 481 and coking test 173.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

4155 was taken 1,600 feet east of the opening, where the coal measured 2 feet in thickness. Sample 4156 was taken 2,800 feet east of 

the opening, where the coal measured 1 foot 11 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Georgia No. 1.

Proximate:

Ash........................................................

Sulphur ...................................................

Ultimate: '

Mine samples.

4155 

1.90

2.40 

18.17 

70.09 

9.34

1.12

4156 

2.30

2.85 

17.14 

72.17 

7.84 

.67

7,888 

14,198

Car 

sample.

4320 

3.20'

3.80 

15.88 

65.83 

14.49 

1.27

4.32 

70.59 

1.09 

8.24

7,106 

12, 791

Steaming test 

481.6

3.11 

16.90 

62.77 

17.22 

1.29

3.92 

70.99 

1.09 

4.90 

17.77 

1.33

a For analysis of the peat used, see p. 77 (car sample 3270). 

b Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of cdry fuel figured from car sample.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 79

STEAMING TEST.

Georgia No. 1.

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour

Water evaporated from and at 212s F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

. . .percent. .

......do....

......do....

......do....

id dry coal..

......do....

......do....

......do....

......do....

......do....

..percent..

...pounds..

......do....

......do....

Test 481.

'37. 9 

15.8 

14.5 

31.8 

0.89 

9.47 

12,865

0.81 

.19 

22.32 

3.99 

111.8 

7.20

8.67 

8.95 

11.39 

07.18

3.20 

4.03

3.16 

3.90

COKING TEST.. 

Georgia No. 1.

Tect 173. Size as shipped, 1$ inches and-larger; as used, raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 58 hours; coal charged, 12,180 pounds; cok'e produced, 8,100 pounds, 66.50 

percent; breeze produced, 549 pounds, 4.51 per cent;* total yield, 71.01 percent. 

Poor, dense coke. Large pieces of irregular size. Washing would probably improve 

and make fair grade of coke.

Analyses.

'

Ash. ...................................................................................

Coal.

3.35

10.54

00.07

14.04

1.29

Coke:

0.45

ss

81.69

17.51

1.00

ILLINOIS. 

ILLINOIS NO. 7.o

Screened nut coal from a mine near Collinsville was designated 

Illinois No. 7 E, and was used in steaming test 516 and briquetting 

test 244f.

o For other tests of coal from this mine, made during 1905, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290, 1906, 

pp. 57-60.
80 REPORT TJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

CHEMICAL " ANALYSES. 

Illinois No. 7 E.

Proximate:

Ash..........'..... .

Steaming 

test 516. a.

14.47

28.14

35.16

22.23

3.73

Briquetting test 

244f.6

6.06

30.09

40.34

23.51

5.09

Ultimate:

Steaming 

test 516. o

3.84

56. 08.

.91

'8.82

25. 99

4.36

Briquetting test 

244f. &

3.57

59.48

.83

5.67

25.03

5.42

« Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

& Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TEST.

Illinois No. 7 E. '

Size as used:

1 Over 1 inch.....................................'.......................... ......percent..

£ inch to 1 inch .................................................................... .do ..,.

| inch to £ inch .................................................................... .do....

Under J inch .......................................................................do....

Average diameter ...................................................................inch..

Duration of test......................................................................hours..

Heating value of coal............................................B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft: ,

Under stack damper ......................................................... inch water..

Above fire.......................................................................... do....

In ash pit....'.............................................................................

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour ............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heatirg surface per hour........do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed .............. ...................'.:.......

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired............................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired. .. .^.................................................... .do....

Per pound of dry coal....:........................................................ .do....

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ..........................'.......... .......... .per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour..................................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.....................................................do..

. Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Test 516.

4.8

24.7

25.1

45.4

0.47

7.85

10,283

0.87

.13

.31

31.99

3.70

103.7

4.09

4.95.

5.79

8.21

54.38

5.71

7.05

4.88

6.03

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Illinois No. 7 E (slack).

Test -244^- Size as used: Over \ inch, 1.5 per cent; TV inch to \ inch, 6.6 per cent; 

-fa inch to TV inch, 14.2 per cent; %$ inch to ^V inch, 22.0 per cent; through £ $ inch, 55.7 

per cent. Briquets with 8 per cent binder were satisfactory, were easily handled from 

the machine without breaking, and became very hard when cold; fracture was rough 

and edges easily crumbled, owing to excessive amount of clay present; outer surfaces 

smooth, with dull color. For analyses of briquets see top of this page .

Details of manufacture:

Machine used........................

Temperature of briquets........ °F..

Binder...... 1.........................

Kind ............................

Laboratory No.(see p. 40) .......

' Amount................per cent.

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted.........pounds.

Briquets, average......... do...

Heat value per poundFuel as received..........B. t. u.

Fuel as fired...............do....

 Binder.....................do....

Renf. 

167

w.g. 

48

12,000

0.472

8,797

16,021

16,864

Drop test (1-inch screen): 

. Held........................per cent.

Passed...:.................... .do...

Tumbler test (1-inch screen):

Held ..........................do...

Passed (fines)..................do...

Fines through 10-mesh sieve... .do... 

Water absorption:

In 10 days......................do...

 Average for first 3 days........do...

Specific gravity (apparent)..............

87.5

12.5

97.2

7.4

1.9

1.257
TESTS ILLINOIS. 81

Extraction analyses.

Laboratory No ..............................

Extracted by CSs:

.....................do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

' 4806

96.90

Fuel.

4760

10.60

' .47

.42

Briquets, 

test 244f.

4928

1.70

8.24

8.09

7.96

NO. 9.a

Bituminous slack coal from a mine near Staunton was designated 

Illinois No. 9 C. One carload, shipped uninspected, was used in 

steaming tests (on briquets) 492 and 497 and briquetting tests 189, 

190, 233, and 234f.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 9 C.

Proximate:

Ash.....................................:.................

Ultimate : Hydrogen. ................................................

Calorific value (as received): 

Determined....................................lcnal?rif--

1 I J . t . 11 ...

[J5. I. U. . .

Car 

sample.

4247 

13.30

15.25 

28.57 

40.83 

15.35 

3.81

5.22 

53.95 

 .82 

20.85

5,439

9,790 

5,344 

9,619

Steaming tests."

492.

4406

14.62 

32.38 

39.13 

13.87 

3.51

4.33 

65. C7 

.88 

8.77 

16.24 

4.11

497.

4473 

1'5. 10

17.43 

28.98 

39.99 

13.60 

 3.30

4.31 

66.29 

.99 

7.94 

16. 47 

4.00

5, 524 

9,943

Briquetting test m\.b

4874 

3.10

5.43 

33.55 

47.63 

13.39 

3.52

4.44 

68.44 

.94 

8.30 

14.16 

3.72

6,507 

11,713

« Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Illinois No. 9 C (English briquets).

Test 492. Test 497

Duration of test...............................................;.'......... .hou rs..

Heating value of fuel................................. B. t. u. per pound dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.............................................. inch water..

Above fire.................................................'.............. do....

In ash pit................................................................ do....

Furnace temperature.....;...................................................°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour..................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per 

hour.............................'.._................................... .pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired.................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212* F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired................................................do....

Per pound of dry fuel..................................................... do....

'Per pound of combustible.........................................;.... .do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate (item 73)............................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour. ........................................ .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do....

Dry fuel: 

 Per indicated horsepower hour...........................................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do....

10.00

12,037

0.91 

.05 

.16

9.38

12,042

0.84 

.18

22.52

3.50

98.2

5.51

J3.65 

7.79 

9.37 

62.50

4.25

5.25

3.63

4.48

2,605

19.75

3.06

85.9

5.32

6.42

7.77

9.49

62.31

4.40

5.44

3.64

4.49

"For other tests of coal from this mine (Illinois No. 9 A and Illinois No. 9 B), made during 1905, seo> 

Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290,1906, pp. 63-66. 

19698, Bull. No. 332 08 6
82 KEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Remarks. Forced draft was used in test 492 (on English briquets made in test 189) 

and natural draft in test 497 (briquetting test 190).. . Briquets were burned whole in 

both tests, but did not burn well with natural draft; 4.3 per cent black smoke. Test 

492 made 51 per cent clinker; test 497 made 36 per cent clinker.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Illinois No. 9 C (slack).

Tests 189, 190, 2SS, 234. Size as used: Over \ inch, 0.4 per cent; TV inch to J inch, 

3.9 per cent; ^ inch to ^ inch, 14.4 per cent; -fa inch to ^ inch, 25.1 per cent; 

through -fa inch, 56.2 per cent. Briquets with 6 and 7 per cent binder were satisfactory,-having hard surface but rough fracture without crumbling; outer surface of 

Renfrow briquets soft, although they stood handling from machine; fracture crumbly 

but briquets tough. This coal requires high pressure to make good briquets. For 

analyses of briquets see page 81 (briquets from test ISg^under "Steaming test 492," 

from test 190 under "Steaming test 497 ").

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind...............................

Weight of 

Heat value per pound 

Drop test (1-inch screen) : Held...................................

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : Held................:.................

Weathering test:

Water absorption:

In 13 days .............................

...............°F..

...........B.t.u..

.............do....

.............do....

.............do....

........... ..do.

.............do.*..

.............do....

.........percent..

.............do....

......'.......do....

Test 189.

Eng. 

167

w. g. p. 

4543 

6

12,000 

3.85

9,790 

10,276 

16,969

62.0 

38.0

77.2 

22.8 

80.3

6 

B

9.4

1.67 

1.146

Test 190.

Eng. 

167

w. g. p. 

4543

7

12,000 

3.73

9,790 

9,943 

16,969

57.0 

43.0

76.2 

23.8 

81.4

6 

B

12.0

2.03 

1.124

Test 233. Test234f.

Renf . 

149

w. g. p. 

4806

8

18,000 

0.448

9,790 

(a) 

16,864

54.5 

45.5

87.5 

12.5 

95.5

10.2 

2.43 

1.098

Renf. 

149

w. g. p. 

4806 

9

5,000 

0.426

9,790 

11,713 

16,864

64.5 

35.5

88.5 

11.5 

84.6

9.1 

2.17 

1.128

a No test. 

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by 82:

Pitches.

4543

99.66

4806

96,90

Fuel.

4247 

13. SO

.73 

.63

Briquets.

Test 18S.

4406 

12.30

7.18 

6.30 

5.75

Test 190.

4473 

15.10

7.28 

6.18 

5.50

Test234f.

4874 

3.10

9.71 

9.41 

9.12
TESTS ILLINOIS. 

ILLINOIS NO. 12."

83

Bituminous coal from Bush, Williamson County, designated Illinois 

No. 12 B, was No. 5 washed, and this sample was shipped uninspected 

and used washed in steaming test 463 (on briquets) and briquetting 

tests 166*,177*f, and 181*.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Illinois No. 12 B.

1

Proximate:

Ash..................................

; Sulphur.....'.....-....................

Ultimate:

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined............... g11^8 --

Calculated from ultimate/calories., 

analysis. ................ . \B. t. u. . .

Car samples, washed.

4201 

13. 30

15. 87 

28.19 

46.42 

9.'52 

2.34

5.60 

59.66 

1.06 

21.82

5,991 

10,784 

5,862 

10,552

3907 

9.00

12.61 

30.08 

46..81 

10.50 

2.37

5.37 

62.15 

.93 

18.68

6,148 

11,066 

6,119 

11,014

4085 

12. 40

15.31 

28.93 

45.29 

10.47

2.32

5.61 

59.88 

1.04 

20.68

6,011 

10,820 

5,932 

10,693

Steaming 

test 463."

4228

6.99 

32. 36 

.50.24 

10. 41 

2.41

4.49 

72.03 

1.09 

8.61 

.11.19 

2.59

Briquetting tests. 6

177*f.

5.57 

32. 38 

50.96 

' 11.09 

2.41

4.20 

70.09 

1.11 

10.28 

11.77 

2.55

181*.

5.78 

,S2. 62 

49. 80 

11.80

2.58

4. 59 

71.48 

1.09 

7.57 

.12.53 

2.74

« Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TEST. 

Illinois No. 12 B (Renfrew briquets.)

Test 463.

Duration of test......................................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel.......................................'.... .B. t. u. per pound dry fuel..

Force of draft with reference to atmospheric pressure:

Under stack damper.........................................................inch water..

Above fire..........................................................................do....

Furnace temperature ................................................................... .°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hoiir.............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... .do....

Percentage of-rated horsepower of boiler developed..........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired............................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F:

Per pound of fuel as fired..........................................................do....

' Per pound of dry fuel..............................................................do....

Per pound of combustible.. ........................................................ .do.....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................... .do....

Per electrical horsepower hour...............'..................................... .do....

10.03

12,859

0.81

.11

2,490

18.67

3.20

89.7

6.61

7.98

8.58

9.84

64. 44

3.54

4.37

3.30

4.07

"For other tests of coal from this mine, made during 1905, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290,1906, 

pp. 74-76.
84 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Remarks. Test 463 made on briquets from test 166*. Burned slowly with short 

flame and hot bed; 5 per cent black smoke; 41 per cent clinker, dark-gray color, 

stuck to grate. Ash contained fine unburned coal due to breaking up of fuel during 

combustion. .

BKIftUETTING TESTS.

Illinois No. 12 B (washed).

Tests 166*, ^77*f, 181*. Size as shipped: No. 5. Size as used: Over \ inch, 0.2 

per cent; -fa inch to J inch, 3.4 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 15.2 per cent; -fa inch 

to fa inch, 24.4 per cent; through fa inch, 56.8 per.cent. For analyses of briquets 

see page 83. Analysis of briquets from test 166* given under "Steaming test 463." 

Excellent English briquets made with 6.25 per cent binder and Renfrew briquets 

with 7 per cent binder. Briquets easily handled when warm, although some difficulty was experienced in piling Renfrow briquets, which stuck together owing to 

low melting point of binder. Surfaces of all briquets were hard and smooth, with 

rough, clean fracture and sharp edges.

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind..............................

Weight of 

Heat value per pound 

Drop test (1-inch screen) : Held..................................

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : Held.................................

Weathering test :

Water absorption: 

In 19 days. ...........................

.......................... ° F..

............. ....... .....do....

...................... B. t. u..

............;........... do....

...............;........ do....

........................ .do....

........................do....

........................do....

........................do....

.....................percent..

Test 166*.

Renf.

131

w. g. p.

4120

8

100,000

0.463

10,784

11,961

17, 060

66.5

33.3

83.5

16.5

96.5

63

B.

13.3

2.15

1.074

Test 

177*f.

Eng.

185

w. g. p.

0.25

51,000

3.66

10,784

12, 155

16,969

85.1

14.9

84.5

15.5

78.3

 12

A.

8.5

1.00

1.101

Test 181*.

Rent.

131

w. g. p.

4543

7

53,000

0.432

10,784

12, 076

16, 969

65.5

34.5

84.0

16.0

96.0

19

B.

15.0

2.13

1.041

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

Pitches.

4120

97.70

4543

 99.66

Fuel.

4201 

13.30

.02

Briquets.

Test 166*.

4228 

4.10

6.54

6.27 

6.40

Test 

177*f.

6.35' 

 6.35

Test 181*.

6.05 

6.05
TESTS ILLINOIS. 85

Bituminous coal from bed No. 7 at Zeigler, Franklin County, was 

designated Illinois No. .19. The coal, as worked at a depth of 420 

feet at this place, averages 6 feet 9 inches in thickness. 

Three samples were shipped under the supervision of John W. 

Groves, as follows: Illinois No. 19 C consisted of run-of-mine coal, 

and was used in steaming tests 420 and 423 and producer-gas tests 

128. Illinois No. 19 D consisted of lump coal over a 6-inch shaking 

screen and was used in steaming tests 424 and 425. Illinois No. 

19 E consisted of screenings through a 1^-inch shaking screen and 

was used in steaming tests 421 and 422.

One mine sample (No. 3408) was taken for chemical analysis 

1,500 feet southwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 11 feet 2 

inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 19. 

Proximate:

Ash........................

Ultimate:

Ash......'..................

Mine 

sample.

. 3408

9.05 

30. 87 

53.23 

6.25 

.45

Steaming tests."

C.

420.

8.72 

28.41 

50. 58 

12.29 

.03

4.64 

71.08 

' 1.50 

8.57 

13.40 

.69

423.

9.42 

28.05 

50.72 

11.81 

.01

4.07 

71.44 

1.57 

8.61 

 13.04 

.07

D.

424.

8.45 

29.65 

50. 24 

11. GO 

.53

4.12 

70.23 

1.59 

10.74 

12.74 

.58

425.

8.51 

30.27 

49.85 

11.37 

,51

4.13 

70.51 

1.60 

10.77 

12.43 

.56

E.

421.

9.22 

29.28 

50. 25 

11.25 

.59

4.13 

70.47 

1.60 

10.76 

12.39 

.65

422.

9.75 

28.45 

50.67 

11. 13 

.61

4.13 

' 71.48 

1.58 

9.80 

12. 33 

.68

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.'

STEAMING TESTS.

.Illinois No. 19.

Size as used:

Heating value of coal, B. t. u. per pound

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper . . . .inch water. . 

Above fire. ..................:. do....

Test 420.

20.2

24.2

19.1

36.5

0.06

10.03

12,431

0.65 

.12

-1

Test 423.

15.8

19.5

18.3

46,4

0.57

10.03

12, 496

0.59 

.14

E

Test 424.

No. 6

lump. 

23.9

24.5

18.7

32.9

0.71

10.0

12, 416

0.04 

.12

.

Test 425.

No. 0

lump. 

37.9

27.4

15.0

19.7

0.91

10.00

12, 460

0.65 

.14

E

Test 421.

No. 2

nut. 

18.0

45.9

10.0

19.5

0.78

10.0

12, 454

0.60 

.11

Test 422.

No. 2

nut. 

'14.4

44.0

17.8

23.8

0.72

10.07

12.578

O.Oa 

.lo

a For other tests of coal from this mine, made during 1905, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290, 1906, 

pp. 91-94.
86 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS Continued. 

Illinois No. 19.

.

Dry coal used per square foot of grate

Equivalent water evaporated per square 

foot of water-heating surface per hour.

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler

Water apparently evaporated per pound 

of coal as fired. .............. .pounds. . Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired . . . pounds . .

Efficiency of . boiler, including grate,

Coal as fired : Per indicated horsepower hour,

Per electrical horsepower hour,

'Dry coal: , 

Per indicated horsepower hour,

Per electrical horsepower hour,

C

Test 420.

19.95

3.35

93.9

6.61

7.67 

8.40

10.00

65.26

3.69

4.55

3.37

4.16

Test 423.

16.94

2.89

81.0

6.66

7.73 

8.53

10.12

65.92

3.66

4.52

3.32

4.09

E

Test 424.

18.67

3.18

89.1

6.73

7.81 

8.53

10.00

66.35

3.62

4.47

3.32

4.- 09

.

Test 425.

19.33

3.32

93.0

6.79

7.87 

8.61

10.09

66.73

3.59

4.44

3.28

4.05

E

Test 421.

19.46

3.30

92:5

6.63

7.70 

8.48

9.93

65.76

3.67

4.53

3 33

4.12

Test 422.

 19.46

. 3.39

95.0

6.78

7.88 

8.73

10.20

67.03

3.59

4.43

3

f)A

. 4.00

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Illinois No. ]9 C (run of mine).

Test 128. Duration of test, 50 hours; average electrical horsepower, 141.0; average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 137.8; total coal fired, 14,400 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Commercially available..................... ........

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horespower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.20

2.04

1.87

1.74

2.40

2.23

2.04

1.90

Dry 

coal.

1.98

1 84

1.68

1.57

2.10

2.01

1.84

1.71

Combustible.

1.76

1 fi4

1.49

1.39

1.92

1.78

1.63

1.52

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 9.82

Volatile matter............................. 29.64

Fixed carbon............................... 50.34

Ash......................................... 10. 20

'Sulphur.................................... .49

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 11.6

Carbon monoxide (CO).. '. .................. 16.8

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 16.5.

Methane (CB^)............................. 1.9

Nitrogen (N2).............................. 52.9

Ethylene (C2R4 )............................ .3
TESTS ILLINOIS. 87

ILLINOIS NO. 2O.

Bituminous coal from Staunton, Macoupin County, on the Litchfield and Madison Railroad, was designated Illinois No. 20.

This sample consisted of screenings, and was shipped by the operator, primarily for washing tests. It was used in^ steaming tests 

(washed coal) 292, 301, and 302; washing test 142; coking tests 106 

(raw) and 107 (washed); and mixed with Kentucky No. 2 B (coke 

breeze, see p. 159) in briquetting tests 103 and 104.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 20:

Proximate:

Fixed carbon ..............................................

Ash.......................................................

Ultimate: 

Hydrogen ...........................:.....................

O wfrpn

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined.......... ................ .......... j^f'f "

li>. t. U. . ..

Calculated from ultimate analysis. ........... .{]f ^y8 ' '

Car 

sample.

2731 

12.40

14.68 

31. 32 

40.32 

13.68 

3.88

5.41 

55.21 

1.00 

20.82

5,585 

10,053 

5,517 

- 9,931

Steaming tests."

292.

14.52 

31.98 

38.01 

15. 49 

4.32

4.28 

62.59 

1.14 

8.82 

18. 12 

5. 05

301.

16.51 

32.17 

40.87 

10.45 

3.25

4. CO 

68.11 

1.23 

9.60 

12.51 

3.89

302.

16.36 

33.54 

39.84 

10.26 

3.22

4.68 

68.34 

1.23 

9.63 

12.27 

3.85

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Illinois No. 20 (washed screenings).

Size as used:

Over 1 inch.................................................per cent..

J inch to 1 inch....................................'............do....

J inch to i inch................................................do....

Under 1 inch..................................................do....

Duration or test..................................................hours..

Kind of grate....:.......................................................

Heating value of coal.........................B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.................................... inch water..

Above fire............................................'........ .do....

Furnace temperature..............................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.......... .pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...... .pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry coal.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible.'....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............'............. .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour............'................... .do....

Test 202. Test 301. Test 302.

20.1

22.9

18.7

38.3

9.8

11,425

0.53

.10

2,020

15. 49

2.37

66.3

5.47

6.55

7.66

9.61

64.75

4.32

5.33

3.69

4.56

17.1 

27.7 

23.7 

31.5 

9.95

Rocking. 

12,506

0.57 

.30

24.61

3.54

99.3

5.57

6.71

8.04

9.43

62.08

4.22

5.20

3.52

4.34

22.5 

28.1 

21.9 

27.5 

9.02

Rocking/ 

12,,r;48

0. 53

.17

2,708-

25.69

3.81 

106.7- 

5.74

6.91 

8.27 

9.57 

C3.65

4.09

5.05

3.42

4.22
REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Illinois No. 20 (screenings).

Washing test 142. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 63,280 pounds: washed, 57,00$ 

pounds; refuse, 6,280 pounds.

Coking tests.

'

Total yield. . ................................

f....do....

........................... -|per cent. . 

(pounds...

.................................do....

i

Tqst 100 

(raw).

f. c.

47

10,000

4,255

42.55 

628

6.28- 

48.83

Test 107 

(w.)

f. c.

36

10,000

4,659

46.59 

398

3.98 

50.57

Remarks. Test 106: Dull-gray color; dense; cross fracture of coke bad; ash. and 

sulphur very high. Test 107: Dull-gray color; a little deposited carbon; ash and sulphur not materially reduced by washing; physically better than coke from raw coal; 

percentage of breeze shows large reduction.

Analyses.

Moisture. ................................

Ash......................................

Washing test 142.

Raw 

coal.

14.68 

31.32

40.32

13.68 

3.88

Washed 

coal.

16.80

10.26 

- 3. 21

Coking test 106.

Coal.

17.04 

32.59 

40.77 

9.60 

- 3. 23

Coke.

0.57 

.66 

82.49 

- 16.28 

3.01

Coking test 107.

Coal.

14.36 

34.61 

42.63 

8.40 

3.23

Coke.

0.53 

.29 

84.87 

14.31 

2.73

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Illinois No. 20 mixed with Kentucky No. 2 B.

Tests 103, 104. Siz'e as shipped, breeze through 1-inch coke fork and coal screenings. Machine used, English. Temperature of briquets, 179.6 p F. Kind of binder, 

coal-tar pitch. Amount of binder, 6 per cent. The flowing point of the binder used 

(laboratory No. 2729) was 255° F., and 61.2 per cent of the sample as received was 

extracted by CS2 . All other data concerning this binder were lost in the fire. Weight 

of fuel briquetted, 2,000 pounds.

Briquets made from coke breeze with 20 per cent, 33^ per cent, and 47 per cent coal, 

using 6 per cent pitch, were easily broken in handling; .eoke breeze was washed, onehalf used wet and one-half put through drier. Briquets made with dried fuel handled 

better when hot, but there was no difference in the two briquets when cold. Washed 

breeze was too high in ash for satisfactory fuel.

These briquets were used in a preliminary test in switching locomotives. Briquets 

with 20 per cent coal burned too slowly for switching service. Briquets with 33-^ per 

cent coal were satisfactory for switching, but burned too slowly for freight or passenger 

service. Briquets with 47 per cent coal were satisfactory for all services.
TESTS- ILLINOIS.. 89

ILLINOIS NO. 21.

Bituminous coal from Troy, Madison County, on.the St. Louis, 

Troy and Eastern Railroad, was designated Illinois No. 21. The 

coal as worked at a depth of 275 feet at this place averages 5 feet in 

thiclcness.

This sample which was taken under the inspection of John W. 

Groves, consisted of lump coal over a 2|-inch screen. Five 4.0-ton 

cars were shipped to the testing plant, three of which were sent for 

an endurance test on the producer and the other two for a complete 

series-of tests, as follows: Steaming tests 315 and 316 (washed coal) 

and 318 (on briquets), producer-gas test 105, washing test 160, coking 

tests 126 and 137 (washed coal), and briquetting test 113.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2771 

was cut .800 feet northwest of the bottom of the shaft, where the coal 

measured 5 feet 8 inches in thickness. Sample 2770 was cut 1,500 

feet southeast of the bottom of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 

feet 11 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 21.

Proximate:

Ash........................

Ultimate :

Carbon "

Mine samples.

2770 

10.50

15.23 

31.42 

44.32 

9.03 

1.59

Oxygen ...:................

- Ash........................

Calorific value (as received) : 

DetennAied.....^1 ^8 --

Calculated from] , ,

ultimate anal-&al°r ,f "

J SIS. .......... .J

6,056 

10,901

2771 

13.30

17.79 

28.78 

42. 34 

11.09 

1.40

Car samples.

2852 

10. 40

15.54 

31.26 

42.27 

10.93 

1.38

5.59

58.02

1 09

22.99

5,837 

10, 507

' 5,655 

10, 179

2920 

8.20

15.30 

30.59 

43.40 

10.71 

1. 43

Steaming tests."

315.

14.95 

30.33 

40.90 

13.76 

1.60

4.39 

65.89 

1.23 

10.43 

16.18 

1.88-

316.

15.07 

30.78 

41. 90 

12.25 

1.27.

4.50 

' 67. 62 

1.27 

10.69 

14.42 

1.50

318.

17. 31 

30. 40 

42.28 

10.01 

1.28

4.41 

70.01 

1.32 

10.61 

12.10 

1.55

" Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. . 

Illinois No. 21 (lump).

Size as used:

Under i inch ........................

..........................do....

......................../do....

Test 315.

34.0

21.3

18.1

26.6

Test 316.

33.6

20.6

16.2

29.6

Test 318.

(")

a On briquets which were broken in two. The fuel cracked to center, into coke fragments and held 

together until consumed. Percentage of clinker large.
90 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS Continued. 

Illinois No. 21 (lump).

Test 315. Test 316. Test 318.

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel..................... I .B. t. u. per pound dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack dainper....................................inch water..

Above fire.....................................................do....

Furnace temperature............................................... °F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour...... ..pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour..;...........................,..... .^............... .pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry fuel.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible.................................... .do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour........ ; ...................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour ...............................do....

04.88

11,945

0.63

.16

2,499

20.05

3.27

91.6

5.76

6.94

8.16

9.95

65.97

4.07

5.03

3.'46

4.28

10:03

12,240

0.59

.15

2,401

20.05

3.19

89.3

5.67

'6.76 

7.96 

9.53

62.80

4.18

5.16

3.55

4.39

7.3

12,469

0.76

.04

2,508

25.30

4.11

115.3

5.6

6.73

8.14

9.40

63.04

4.20

5.19

3.47

4.29

. a Too short for reliable results. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Illinois No. 21 (lump).

Test 105. Duration of test,0 562 hours; average electrical horsepower, 191.7; average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 156.1; total coal fired, 208,350 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower: " . .

Developed at engine. ................................................

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

.fired.

2.04

1.93

1.73

1.64

2.18

2.07

1.85

1.76

Dry coal.

1.74

1.65

1.47

1.40

1.86

1.77

1.58

. .1.50

Combus,- 

tible.

1.50

1.43

1.28

1.22

1.61

1.53

1.37

1.30

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................. '.. 14.68

Volatile matter............................. 30.98

Fixed carbon............:.................. 42.93

Ash......................................... 11.41

Sulphur..................................... 1.33

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COa)....................... 9.2

Carbon monoxide (CO)...................... 20.9

Hydrogen (H2).............................. 15.6

Methane (CH<).............................. 1.9

Nitrogen (-Na)................................ 52.0

Ethylene (C2H4 ).............................. .4

a See p. 26.
TESTS ILLINOIS.

' 91

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Illinois No. 21 (lump).

Washing test 160. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart. Kaw coal, 

17,000 pounds; washed, 14.640 pounds; refuse, 2,360 pounds.

Coking tesU;.

1 Test 120 

(raw) .

f.c.

44

12,000

Test Io7 

(washed) .

I.e.

45

11,690

Remarks. Test 137: Product a mixture of unburned coal and slightly coherent 

mass of coal of original size, showing no trace of cell structure. All volatile expelled.

Analyses.

Ash ...........................................................

Washing test 160.

Raw 

coal.

15.30 

30.59

43.40

10.71 

1.43

Washed 

coal.

8.25

8.09 

1.25

Coking 

test 120 

(coal) .

13. 37 

31.17 

43.15 

12.31 

1.46

Coking 

test 137 

(coal) .

1.7. 45 

30. 01 

44.74 

7.80 

1.10

BRIQUETTING TEST. 

Illinois No. 21 (lump).

Test 113. Machine used, English; temperature, of briquets, 179.6° F.; kind of 

binder, coal-tar pitch; laboratory No. 2933 (see p. 40); amount of binder, 5 and 6 

per cent; weight of fuel briquetted, 14,000 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal as 

received, 12,440; per pound of briquets as fired, 12,469; per pound of binder, 15,937. 

Briquets made with 5 per cent binder were hard and firm, and stood rough handling. Weathering test: Days' exposure, 75; condition of briquets made with 5 per 

cent binder, B.

II/UNOIS NO. 22.

Bituminous coal from Maryville, Madison County, oh the St. 

Louis, Troy and Eastern Railroad, was designated Illinois No. 22. 

The coal, as worked, at a depth of 260 feet at this place, averages 7 

feet 6 inches in thickness.

Two lots of coal were shipped from this locality under the supervision of John W. Groves. The first lot, Illinois No. 22 A, consisted 

of lump ooal over a 4-inch perforated shaker screen. It was used 

in making steaming tests 324 (raw), 325 (raw), and 328 (washed); 

producer-gas test 102; and washing test 151. The second lot, 

Illinois No. 22 B, consisted of nut, pea, and slack coal which was 

screened through a 2-inch perforated screen. It was used in making washing test 150; coking tests 117 (raw) and 118 (washed); 

and cupola test 125.
92 '

REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2772 was cut 300 feet south of the bottom of the shaft, where the 

coal measured 8 feet 2 inches in thickness. Sample 2773 was taken 

2,500 feet north of the bottom of the shaft, where the coal measured 

7 feet 11 inches In thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 22.

Proximate:

Ash........................

Ultimate:

Ash........................

Calorific value (as received) :

JL/Cl/oi-J-illllvU.. . . . . s T> *- ..,

Calculated from [ ! -: ,

ultimate anaH?, ° ,? 

ysis ........... (

Mine samples.

2772 

9.20

13. 51" 

34.64 

41.70 

10.15 

4.01

6,045

10,881

2773 

9.90

13.83 

34. 16 

42.24 

9.77 

4.10

,.

Car samples.

A.

2905 

5.90

11.91 

35.65 

39.43 

13.01 

5.34

' 5.21 

57.35 

1.00 

18.09

5, 897 

10,615

5, 771 

10, 388

B.

2896 

11.20

13.03 

 32.65 

39.79 

14. 53 

4.35

5.25 

55.94 

.89 

19.04

5,662 

10,192

5, 607 

.10,093

Steaming tests, a

324.

11.50 

33.44 

39.27 

15. 79 

6.24

4.18 

61. 77 

1.07 

8.09 

17.84 

7.05

325.

10.53 

35.63 

40.04 

13.80 

6.07

4.33 

63.97 

1.12 

8.37 

15.43 

6.78

328.

14.35 

36.86 

40.57 

8.22 

3.75

4.79 

70.73 

1.23 

9.27 

9. CO 

4.38

. <» Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Illinois No. 22 A (lump).

Test 324 

(raw).

Test 325 

(raw). (washed)

Size as used:

Over 1 inch................................................per cent..

J inch to 1 inch................................................do....

\ inch to J inch..................:.............. ; .............do....

Under J inch................................................. .do....

Average diameter........................................... inches..

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of coal.................:.... B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft: . . '

Under stack damper.................................... inch water..

Above fire. .................................................... .do....

Furnace temperature................................................ °F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.......pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.......,....'.........

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired....... pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212°F.:

Per pound of coal as fired..................................pounds..

Per pound of dry coal.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible..................................... do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate........................... per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour............................... .do....

84. G

5.8

3.5

6.1

.4

9.93 

11,484

0.'59

.20

2,850

23.08

3.60 

 100.9

5.78

6.91

7.81

9.70

65.67

4.09

5.05

3.62

4.47

87.4

5.4

0.2

4.6

4

10

11,876

0.54 

.18

2,828

22.61

3. CO 

101.0 

5.92

Z.14

7.97

9.C1

64.81

3.96

4.89

3.55

4.38

34.1

27.0

22,0

16.9.

9.9

12, 924

0.78

.14

2,829

26.73

4.34

121.8

5.78

6.97

. 8.14

9.16

4.06

5.01

3.47

4.29
TESTS ILLINOIS. 93

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Illinois No. 22 A (lump).

Test 102. Duration of test, 47 hours; average electrical horsepower, 196.5; average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas,' 159.6; total coal fired, 16,300 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower :

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower

Coal as 

fired.

1.88

1.77

1.60

1.50

2.00

1.88

1.70-

1.59

Dry coal.

1.67

1.57

1.42

1.33

1.77

1.66

1.51

1.41

Combustible.

1.42

1.33

1.21

1.13

1.51

1.42

1.28

1.20

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture............................;....... 11.29

Volatile matter........................... 35.60

Fixed carbon............................... 39.94

Ash......................................... 13.17

Sulphur................... .'................ 4.88

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)........................ 9.4

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 20.2

Hydrogen (Hz)..'....:...................... 13.7

Methane (CH<)............................. 2.0

Nitrogen (N<).....................:........ 54.0

Ethylene (C2 H«)............................ .7

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

.Illinois No. 22. 

Washing tests.

Test 151 

(A).

1. 

cr. to 2" 

Stewart.

Test 150 

(B).

sc. 

sc. 

Stewart.

Raw coal........... pounds..

Test 151 

. (A).

19,400 

17,000 

2,400

Test 150 

(B).'

40,000 

 32,000 

8,000

Coking tests (B).:

f....do....

.......................... -1 pcr Cent. . 

jpounds...

.......................... - j,per cen t. .

Test 117 

(raw).

f. c.

45

10,000

5,046

50.46 

534

5.34 

55.80

Test 118 

(washed).

f. c.

76

12,000

5,616

46.80 

574

4.78 

51.58

Remarks. Test 117: Dull-gray color; breakage very irregular, due to high percentage 

of .slate; ash and sulphur high; poor coke. Test 118: Light-gray color, with heavy 

black butt due to necessity of closing draft after 24 hours. Charge held in oven 148 

hours. Ash reduced by washing. Will probably make fair coke under proper 

conditions.
94 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7. 

Analyses.

Ash.............................

Washing test 151 

(A).

Raw 

coal.

11.91 

35.65

39.43

13.01 

5.34

Washed 

coal.

14.02

8.58 

3.69

Washing test 150 

(B).

Raw 

coal.

13.03 

32.65

39.79

14.53 

4.35

Washed 

coal.

16. 78 '

9.99 

3.79

Coking test 117 

(B).

Coal.

11.98 

33.87 

37.72 

 16.43 

474

Coke.

0.98 

.72 

72.18 

26.12 

' 461

Coking test 118 

(B).

Coal.

16.19 

34.14 

39.53 

10.14 

3.79

Coke.

0.65 

1.60 

80.76 

16.99 

3.65

Cupola test of coke made from Illinois No. 22 B coal (washed).

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

125

Test 

No.

118

Coke, a

Specific 

gravity.

1.84

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

1 to 7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

98.61

Materials.

(Coke...:....

 ( Pig iron ....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

210 

630 

210

 

2.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135

3.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135

4.

 Lbs. 

55 

405 

135

5.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750

Sulphur in ash, 0.05 per cent. 

RECORD OF MELT. .

Cupola 

test

No.

125

Blast pressure.

On at 

3.04 p. m....

Maximum.

02.

i

running in 

Min.

8

Weight of ir<5n.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,191

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

325

Total.

Lbs.

1,516

Melting.

Time.

Min.

34

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

2,675

Ratio 

iron 

to 

coke.

3.92

Loss.

Per ct.

6.80

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,280

Coke.

Lbs.

43

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1..............................

4..............................

5..............................

7.. ............................

8..............................

9..............................

Test 125.

Pounds.

80 

74 

96 

81 

94 

62 

62 

74 

78

Time 

(p.m.).

3.20 

3.20J 

3.23 

3.24 

3.26 

3.26J 

3.31 

3.32 

3.32$

Ladle No.

10............................

11............................

12............................

13............................

14............................

15.....".......................

16............................

17............................

Test 125.

Pounds.

79 

60 

68 

105 

29 

. 92 

24 

33

Time 

(p.m.).

3.33 

3.38 

3.38J 

3.39 

3.39* 

3.44 

3.45 

3.46

Remarks. Test 125: Iron hot.

ILLINOIS HfO. 23.

.Bituminous coal from Donkville, Madison County, on the St. 

Louis, Troy and Eastern Railroad, was designated Illinois No. 23. 

The coal, as worked at a depth of 145 feet at this place, averages 6 

feet in thickness.

This sample consisted of two lots of coal and was shipped under the 

supervision of John W. Groves. Illinois No. 23 A consisted of 

"superior lump" over a 5-inch perforated screen, and was used in 

steaming tests 306 (raw) and 317 (washed); producer-gas test 98;
TESTS ILLINOIS. 95

washing test 146; and coking test 111. Illinois No. 23 B consisted 

of slack coal through a 2-inch perforated screen, and was used in 

steaming tests (on briquets) 321 and 322; producer-gas test 100; 

washing test 147; coking .tests 112 and 114, both on washed coal; 

and briquetting test 116.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2774 

was cut 3,800 feet northeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 6 

feet 1 inch in thickness. Sample 2775 was cut 4,000 feet northwest 

'of the shaft, where the coal measured 6 feet 2 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 23.

Air-drying loss................

Proximate:

Ash........................

Ultima.te:

Ash........................

Calorific value-(as received) : 

Determined..... {g11^;; 

Calculated from) . ,

ultimate analy-vS11? ,f ' '

Mine samples. '

2774 

8.90

13.07 

34.85 

42.02 

10.00 

3.59

2775 

9.70

12.79 

35.07 

40.25 

11.29 

3.94

!

6,083 

10,949

1

Car samples.

A.

2819 

' 11.50

13.47 

34.35 

40.05 

11.53 

4.41

5.03 

57.01 

.91 

19.91

5,839 

10,510

5,830 

10, 505

B.

2803 

13.20

15.08 

31.28 

37.45 

15.59 

3.98

5.42 

52.89 

.90 

21.22

 5,304 

9, 055

5,317 

9,571

Steaming tests.«

300.

14.49 

32.37 

39.09 

13.45 

4.02

4.02 

04.30 

1.02 

8.87 

15.73 

5.40

........ 

..........

317.

14.04 

35.72 

40.70 

8.88 

3.23

5.03 

70.04 

1.10 

9.05 

10.40 

3.78

321 find 

322.

13.54 

30.33 

41.67 

8.41 

3.21

' 4.80. 

09.30 

1.14 

11.26 

9.73 

3.71

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Illinois No. 23.

Size as used :

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper .......................

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot o 

ing surf ace per hour. .......................... 

Percentage 01 rated horsepower of boiler develo 

Water apparently evaporated per pound of :

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

Per pound of fuel as fired ...................

Fuel as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. ............

Dry coal:

........do....

........do....

d of dry fuel..

.inch water.. 

........do....

..........°J?..

hour. pounds, 

f water-heat- 

..... pounds..

uel as fired,

.....pounds..

........do....

.....pounds.. 

........do....

........do.:..

........do....

A (lump).

Test 300.

37.3 

19.5 

10.2 

27.0 

9.4 

11,759

0.40 

.13 

2,402 

18.50

3.01 

84.3

5.80

0.97 

8.15 

9.87 

00.93

 4.00 

5.01

3.47 

4.29

Test 317 

(w).

18.9 

20.7 

24.3 

- 30.1 

8.12 

12,794

0.55 

.13 

2,397 

19. .03

3.23 

90.4

5.89

7.02 

8.23 

9.31 

02.12

4.03 

 4.97

3.44 

4.24

B (slack).

Test 321.

lseep.96

4.4 

12,990

0.75 

.27

23.75

3.78 

100.0

5.72

0.89 

7.97 

8.92 

59.22

4.10 

5.07

3.55 

4.38

Test 322.

See p. 90.

3.05 

12,990

' 0'.05 

.16

24.54

3.80 

100.6

5.02

0.71 

7.76 

8.08 

57.06

4.21 

5.20

3.04 

4.50
96 EEPORT 17. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT,, 1906-7.

Remarks. Tests 321 and 322 on briquets which were broken in two. They burned 

freely and quickly, giving a long flame and small percentage of smoke, coking and 

holding together well. No ash and very small amount of clinker..

PKODUCEB-GAS TESTS.

. Illinois No. 23.

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch.................................... ..............percent..

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

Test 98 (A).

81

3

4

12

50

198.3

147.9

18,000

 Test 100 

(B,w.).

34

24

20

22

50

181.5

145.0

17,250

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant 

(pounds'). -

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.91

1.82

1.63

1.54

2. 02

1.91

1.71

1.63

Test 98.

Dry coal.

1.69

1.60

1.43

1.36

1.78

1.69

1.51

1.43

Combustible.

1.46

1.38

1.24

1.18

1 "vl

1.46

1.31

1.24

Coal as 

fired.

2.00

1.90

1.70

1.62

2.17

2.07

1.85

1.76

Test 100.

Dry coal.

1.70

1.62

1.45

1.38

1.85

1.76

1.57

1.50

Combustible.

1.52

1.45

1.29

1.23

1.66

1.57

 1.41

1.34

Analyses.

Coal.

Ash.........'..................

Test 98.

11.87

36.37

39.87

11.89

4.65

Test 100.

14.77

35.23

40.98

9.02

3.46

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH4 ) ..............

Ethylene (dH.t) .............

Test 98.

8.4

20.9

12.9

1.6

55.7

.5

Test 100.

10 9

17.2

 13.8

2.1

55.3

.7

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Illinois No. 23. 

Washing tests.

Test 146 

(A).

lump.

Test 147 

(B).

Raw coal ........... pounds . .

Test 146 

(A).

28,000 

24,000

4,000

Test 147 

(B).

80,000 

63,000

17,000
TESTS ILLINOIS. 97

Coking tests (on washed coal).

1. ..do...

............ ^per ccnt 

fpounds. .

 "(per cent.

A.

Test 111.

1.

f f

39

10, 000

4,211

42.11 

347

3. 47

AC CO

I

Test 112.

f p

43

10 000

4,407

44.07 

389

3.89 

47.96

}.

Test 11 4.

f c

72

14,000

6,443

46.02 

601

4.29 

50.31

Remarks. Tests 111 and 112: Good heavy coke; light gray and silvery; ash and sulphur high. Test 114: Light gray and silvery, not as good as coke from smaller charge 

(test 112); ash and sulphur high.

Analyses.

Volatile matter.

Ash............

Sulphur ........

Washing test 

146 (A).

Raw 

coal.

13.47 

34.35 

40.65

11.53

4.41

Washed 

coal.

13.81

8.78 

3.54

Washing test 

147 (B).

Haw 

coal.

15. 68 

31.28

37.45

15.59 

3.98

Washed 

coal.

16.83

8.75 

3.22

Coking test 

111 (A).

Coal.

13.74 

36.47 

41.01 

8.78 

3.57

Coke.

0.66 

0.74 

83.45 

15. 15 

3.09

Coking test 

112 (B).

Coal.

15. 85 

35.02 

40.57 

8.56 

3.27

Coke.

0.96 

1.14 

82.66 

15.24 

2.87

Coking test 

114 (B).

Coal.

15.93 

35.88 

40.16 

8.03 

3.25

Coke.

1.36 

1.19 

82.83 

14.62 

2.34

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Illinois No. 23 B (slack).

Test 116. Size as shipped, through 2^-inch round shaker screen. Machine used, 

English. Temperature of briquets, 179.6° F. Kind of binder, coal-tar pitch; laboratory No. 2933 (see p. 40). Amount of binder, 5, 6, and 6.5 per cent. Weight of 

coal briquetted, 12,000 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal as received, 11,450; per 

pound of briquets as fired, 12,996; per pound of binder, 15,937. For analyses of 

briquets see page 95 (steaming tests 321 and 322).

Briquets made with 5 and 6 per cent binder broke "up in handling. Those made 

with 6.5 per cent were satisfactory. In the weathering test'all binders were exposed 

seventy days; condition of the 5 per cent D, of the 6 per cent C, of the 6.5 per cent B.

ILLINOIS NO. 24.

Bituminous coal from New Baden, Clinton County, 'on the Southern 

Ilailway, was designated Illinois No. 24. The coal, as worked at a 

depth of 320 feet at this place, averages 7 feet 6 inches in thickness.

Two lots of coal were shipped under the supervision of W. J. Von 

Borries, as follows: Illinois No. 24 A consisted of screenings which 

had passed through a 2^-inch shaking screen, and was used in washing 

test 169 and coking tests 119 and 155. Illinois No. 24 B consisted of 

lump coal over a 5£-inch bar screen, and was used in steaming tests 

335, 336, and 337; producer-gas test 103; washing test 166; and 

coking test 145.

19698, Bull. No. 332 08 7
98 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2854 

was cut 400 feet northwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 7 

feet 8 inches in thickness. Sample 2855 was cut 600 feet northeast 

of the shaft, where the coal measured 8 feet in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 24.

Proximate:

Ash..................................

Ultimate:

Ash..................................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined................ {^f" l^ij . t . 11 ...

Mine samples.

2854 

10.10

13.43 

33. 02 

44.37 

9.18 

3.35

6,076 

10,937

2855 

9.60

12. 73 

33.35 

44.32 

-9.60 

3.60

CarB 

sample.0

2972 

7.40

11.44 

33.93 

43.92 

10. 71 

4.94

5.39 

60.06 

1.02 

17.88

6.088

10,958 

6,049 

10,888

Steaming tests.fr

335.

12.14 

33.71 

42.48 

11.67 

4.53

4.61' 

67.18 

1.14 

8.63 

13.28 

5.16

336.

12.60 

34.40 

43.13 

9.87 

3.83.

4.77 

69.47 

1.18 

8.91 

. 11. 29 

4.38

- 337.

13.52 

32.84 

43.17 

 10. 47 

3.97

4.71 

68.61 

1.17 

8.81 

12.11 

4.59

« Sample from producer-gas test 103 treated as car sample.

>> Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Illinois No. 24 B (lump).

Size as used:

Over 1 inch ...........................................

| inch to 1 inch.......................... . . .

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature .....................................

........do....

........do....

........do....

........do....

jnd dry coal. .

........do....

......... .°F..

. . . _r>oiinds_ .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour . "* nonnds

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired . 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Efficiency of boiler, including grate ........................ 

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

. ./..pounds.. 

........do....

........do....

........do....

....per cent..

........do....

....... :do....

........do....

Test 335.

49.7 

19.9 

12.4 

18.0 

9.62 

12,245

0.55 

.22 

2,708. 

20.49

3.30 

92.6 

5.90

7.09 

8.07 

9.50 

63.64

3.99 

4.93

3.50 

4.33

Test 336.

22.1 

25.2 

19.6 

33.1 

6.05 

12, 623

0.63

.26

21.48

3.29 

92.3 

5.59

6.71 

7.67 

8.97 

58.68

4.21 

5.20

3.69 

4.55

Test 337.

' 92.0

3.2 

1.6 

3.2 

a 3. 88 

12, 474

0.61 

.20

23.63

3.82 

107.0 

5.84

7.00 

8.10 

9.43 

62.71

4.04 

4.99

3.49 

4.31

a Too short for reliable results.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 99

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Illinois No. 24 B (lump).

Test 103. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 63 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 16 per cent; 

\ inch to \ inch, 10 per cent; under \ inch, 11 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours; 

average electrical horsepower, 200.4; average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 160.5; 

total coal fired, 14,650 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower: 

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Developed at switch board .........................................

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.54

1.46

1.31

1.24

1.63

1.55

1.39

l.- 32

Dry 

coal.

1.36

1.29

1.16

1.10

1.45'

1.38

1.23

1.17

Combustible.

1.19

1.14

1.02

0.97

1 97

1.21

1.08

1.03

Analysis of gas, by volume. 0-

Carbon dioxide (C02 )...................... 8.4

Carbon monoxide (CO).................... 22.6

Hydrogen (H2 )............................. 13. 8

Methane (CHO............................. 2.1

Nitrogen (N2 ).............................. 52.5

Oxygen (O2 )................................ .1

Ethylene (C2H4 )........................... .5

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Illinois No. 24. 

Washing tests.

Test 

169 (A).

Test. 

166 (B).

1.

cr. to 2".

Test. 

169 (A).

20, 000

15, 000

5,000

Test 

166 (B).

' 18,745

16,660

2,085

Coking tests.

Coke produced ........................

f....do....

fpouncls.. .

...................... -|per cent

Test 

119 

(raw).

- 24

10,000

None.

V. '

Test 

155 

(w.).

f. c.

78

11,410

None.

B.

Test 

145 

(w.).

1.

f. c.

55

11,830

4,710

39.81 

1,350

11.41 

51.22

Remarks. Test 119: Ashed over whole oven about 4- inches down. Test 155: All 

volatile driven off. High heat of by-product ovens might coke. Test 145: Poor, soft, 

dense coke; sulphur high.

a For analysis of the fuel used see p. 98 (car sample 2972).
100 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Analyses.

Volatile matter. ...............

Ash............................

Washing test 169 

(A).

Raw 

coal. a

11.44 

33.93

43.92

10.71 

4.94

washed 

coal.

15.10

9.75 

3.18

Washing 

test 166 

(B, 

washed 

coal).

14.36

8.38 

3.31

Coking 

test 119 

(A coal).

13.28 

29.93 

39.03 

17.76 

4.05

Coking 

test 155 

(A coal).

15.18 

32.13 

43.46 

9.23 

3.07

Coking test 145 

(B).

Coal.

8.93 

35.22 

46.29 

9.56 

3.41

Coke.

5.62 

1.64 

79. 01 

13.73 

2.97

a Sample from producer-gas test 103 (on B coal).

ILLINOIS NO. 25.

Bituminous coal from a mine located one-half mile east of Germantown, Clinton County, on the Southern Railway, was designated 

Illinois No. 25. The coal, as worked at a depth of 345 feet at this 

place, averages 4 feet 8 inches in thickness.

This sample was shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves. 

Two lots of coal, consisting of run of mine (designated A) and lump 

(designated B), the latter over a If-inch screen, were shipped in the 

same car, and separated from, each other by a partition. The following tests were made: On A and B mixed, steaming tests 338 and 339; 

on A, washing test 162 and coking tests 120 (raw) and 140 (washed), 

and on B, producer-gas test 104.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2856 

was cut 2,100 feet north of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 

10 inches in thickness. Sample 2857 was taken 2,200 feet northwest 

of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 6 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 25.

Air~drvin£r loss

Proximate:

Ash..............................................

Ultimate:

Oyvrrpn

Ash.............................................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined. ...................... ...{^f^8 - '

Mine samples.

2856 

6.70

11.64 

35.41 

44.29 

8.66 

3.41

6,272

2857 

7.60

12.15 

35.60 

42.97 

9.28 

4.01

Car 

sample 

(B).«

2991 

5.90

11.35 

34.62 

40.63 

13.40 

4.76

5.41 

57.36 

1.05 

18.02

5,963 

10, 733 

5,831 

10, 496

Steaming tests.6

338.

12.28 

35.52 

40.53 

11.67 

3.57

4.87 

67.23 

1.23 

9.30 

13.30 

4.07

339.

11.53 

34.93 

39.75 

13.79 

4.89

4.65 

64.20 

1.18 

8.85 

15.59 

5.53

a Sample from producer-gas test 104 treated as car sample.

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 

STEAMING TESTS.

Illinois No. 25'(run of mine and lump mixed).

101

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Above fire

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

u. per pound dry coal. .

rlo ...

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. ..............:.. .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot 'of water-rheating surface per 

hour ....... ........... . . ......... _-______-_-_. ...fiounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

Test 338.

3.33

28.1

14.3 

9.1 

15.2 

9.C7 

12,519

0. 75 

.21 

21.30

3.10 

87.0 

5.35

6.38 

7.28

8.68 

50.10

4.43

.5.47

3.88 

4.80

Test 339.

56.0 

26.4 

' 7.2 

4.0 

6.4 

10.0 

12,022

0.74 

.21 

23.63

3.54 

99.1 

5.55

0.63 

7.50

9.19 

60.25

4.26 

5.27

3.77 

4.66

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Illinois No. 25 B (lump).

Test 104- Duration of test, 50 hours; average electrical horsepower, 200.6; average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 168.0; total coal fired, 16,000 pounds.

 Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer pl'int (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.08

1.60

1.43

1.36

1.78

1.51

1.43

Dry coal.

1.49

1.41

1.27

1.20

1.58

1 4O

1.34

1.27

Combustible.

1.27

1.20

1.08

1.02

1.34

1.14

1.08

Analysis of gas by volume.®

Carbon dioxide (CO2 ).............................................................. 8.3

Carbon monoxide (CO).................:.......................................... 22.5

Hydrogen (Hs)..........................................:.........................; 13.6

Mathane (CHo..................................................................... 2.2

Nitrogen (Nj)...................................................................... 52.9

Ethylene (C2H<)........................'............................................ .5

oFor analysis of the fuel used, see p. 100 (car sample 2991).
102 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Illinois No. 25 A (run of mine).

Washing test 162. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 

14,550 pounds; washed, 12,000 pounds; refuse, 2,550 pounds.

Coking tests.

Total yield.......................

/....do....

....................................... |per cen£ 

(pounds... -

....................................... -j per cent 

.......... .................................. do....

Test 120 

(raw) .

79

10,000

None.

Test 140 

(w.).

f. c.

62

11,830

5,355

45.27 

710

C.OO 

51-.- 27

Remarks. Test 140: Dull-gray color, cell structure close; soft, dense coke; breakage, 

poor. Coked in two distinct layers of 16 inches and 8 inches, the lower coming out in 

chunks. . . Analyses.

Ash...........................................................

Washing 

test 162 

(washed 

coal) .0

14.14

8.98 

3.05

Coking 

test 120 

(coal) .

12. 96 

33.01 

39.60 

14. 43 

4.09

Coking test 140.

Coal.

13.40 

33.83 

43.66 

9.'11 

2.99

Coke.

2.71 

4.67 

77.69 

14 93 

2.32

i For analysis of raw coal from this mine, see p. 100 (analysis 2991, of B (lump) coal1 !.

ILLINOIS NO. 26.

Bituminous coal from Lincoln, Logan Count}7 , on the Chicago and 

Alton Railroad, was designated Illinois No. 26. The coal, as worked

at a depth of 276 feet at this place, averages 4 feet 11 inches in 

thickness.

This sample was shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves. 

It consisted of run-of-mine coal'and was used in making steaming 

tests 341 and 342, producer-gas test 126, washing test 164, and coking 

test 143 (on washed coal).

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2881 

was taken 1,500 feet southeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 

4 feet 11 inches in thickness. Sample 2882 was taken 1,600 feet 

northeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 11 inches in 

thickness.
TESTS ILLINOIS.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Illinois No. 26.

103

Mine sample. Car 

sample.

Stemming tests.o

341. 342.

Laboratory No ....'..........

Air-drying loss ..............

Proximate:

Moisture. ................

Volatile matter ..........

Fixed carbon ............

Ash ......................

Sulphur ..................

Ultimate:

Hydrogen. . ..............

Carbon ..................

Nitrogen. ................

Oxygen ...................

' Ash ......................

Sulphur ..................

Calorific value (as received):

Determined ..............

Calculated from ultimate analysis...

2881

11.30

14.77 

32.90 39. 75- 

12.58 

3.95

5,781

10,400

2882

12.10

15.52

32.27

39.86

12.35

3.05

t> 3003 

12.70

15.68

32.41

39.82

12.09

3.51

5.50

56.76

1.06

21.02

5,675

10,215

5,743

10,337

13.55

33.11

40.24

13.10

4.45

4.43

65.81

1.23

8.23

15.15

5.15

15.08

32.41

39.82

12.09

3.51

4.53

67.31

1.26

8.40

14.34

4.16

n Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

6 Results figured from sample from steaming test 342.

STEAMING TESTS.

Illinois No. 26 (run of mine).

Test 341. Test 342.

Size as used:

3J inches.............................................................per cent............ 61.0

3 inches..................................................................do....1 58.6 ..........

2£ inches to 1 inch.......................................................do.... 1 .......... 17.1

1£inches to 1 inch........................................................do.... 19.9 ..........

J inch to 1 inch..........................................................do.... 8.9 . 9.2

t

inch to i inch..........................................................do.... 4.4 5. S 

ncler J inch...........'............................:.................... .do.... 8.2 6.9

Duration of test............................................................hours.. 10.0 8.87

Kind of grate...................................................................... Rocking. Rocking.

Heating value of coal............................'.... ..B. t. u. per pound dry coal.. 12,029 12,260

Force of draft:

Under stack damper..............................................inch water.. 0.65 0.64

Above fire................'.............................................. .do.... .34 .30

Furnace temperature............................. J............................°F..' .......... ' 2.264

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour..................pounds.. 20.91 23.02

Equivalent water evaporated' per square foot of water-heating surface per 

hour....................................................................pounds.'. 2.84 .3.16

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed................................ 79.7 88.6

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.................pounds.. 5.52 5.40

Water evaporated from and at 212* F.:

Per pound of coal as fired...............................................do.... 6.56 6.47

Per pound of dry coal....................................................do.... 7.58 7.67 

Per pound of combustible...............................................do.... 9.29 9.29

Efficiency of boiler, including grate......................................per cent.. 60.85 60.42

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.......................................pounds.. 4.31 4.37

Per electrical horsepower hour......................................... .do.... 5.32 5.40

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour..........................................do.... 3.73 3.69

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.... 4.01 4.55
104 REPORT TL S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Illinois No. 26 (run of mine).

Test 126. Duration of test,^50 hours; average electrical horsepower, 174.5; average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 147.2; total coal fired, 16,050 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available. .............................................

Per brake horsepower: '.

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.96

1.84

1.67

1.56

2.13

2.00

1.81

1.70

Dry coal.

1.70

1.59

1.45

1.36

1.85

1.73

1.57

1.47

Combustible.

1.39

1.30

1.18

1.11

1.51

1.41

1.28

1.20

Analyses

Coal.

Moisture..................................... 13.29

Volatile matter. .........................'..'. 32.02

Fixed carbon.............................:. 38.81

Ash........................................ 15.88

Sulphur..................................... 3. 52

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02 )....................... 10.5

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 19.4

Hydrogen (H2).............................. 15.5

Methane (CH<)............................:. 1.7

Nitrogen (H2 )............................... 52.5

Ethylene (C2H4)............................ .4

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Illinois No. 26 (run of mine).

Washing test 164- Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used. Stewart. Raw coal 

18,000 pounds; washed coal, 16,000 pounds; refuse, 2,000 pounds.

Coking test 143. Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 59 hours. 

Coal charged, 11,750 pounds; coke produced, 5,850 pounds; 49.79 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 1,250 pounds; 10.64 per cent. Total yield, 60.43 per cent. Soft dense 

coke. Coal particles stuck together after volatile expelled.

Analyses.

Ash...........................................................

Washing test 164.

Raw 

coal.o

15.68 

32.41

39.82

12.09 

3.51

iVVasned 

coal.

15.96

9.40

2.76

Coking test 143.

Coal.

15.18 

33.46 

41.53 

9.83 

2.73

Coke.

5.27 

3.35 

75.98 

15.40 

2.80

Sample taken from steaming test 342.

EDUNOIS NO. 27.

Bituminous coal from Auburn, Sangamon County, on the Chicago and Alton Railroad, was designated Illinois No. 27. The coal 

is reached by shaft at this place, and averages 6 feet 6 inches in 

thickness.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 105

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was shipped under 

the supervision of John W. Groves. It was used in making steaming 

tests 353 and 354; producer-gas test 127; washing test 165; and coking test 144 (washed coal).

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2897 

was taken 2,000 feet southeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 

6 feet 10 inches in thickness. Sample 2898 was taken 1,400 feet south 

of the shaft, where the coal measured 6 feet 10 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 27.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Calorific value: 

Determined. ................. .......j^11 ?1^- Ir5. t. U

 Mine sample.

2897 

10.20

14.29

37.17 

40.36 

8.18 

4.41

6,115

11,007

2898 

10.50

14.18 

34.85 

41.11 

9.86 

4.36

Car 

sample.^

3052 

10.00

16.00 

32.41 

37.82 

13.77 

4.05

5.55 

53.89 

.91 

21.83

5,522

9,940 

5,417 

9,751

Steaming test.&

353.

*

16.00 

32.41 

37.82 

13.77 

4.05

4.49 

64.15 

1.08 

9.07 

16.39 

4.82

354.

15.82 

32.50 

37.73 

13.95 

4.80

4.43 

63.29 

1.07 

8.94 

16.57 

5.70

« Sample taken from steaming test 353.

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

' Illinois No. 27.

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature

................do....

................do....

................do....

per pound dry coal . .

... . ..........do....

OJ?

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.. ................ pounds.. 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per 

hour . ...........;........ ........ . - -. . -Hounds. _

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

Test 353.

72.4 

11.1 

6.8 

9.7 

2.29 

10.00 

11.831

0.60 

.18 

2,360 

19.83

3.14 

88.0 

6.57

6.66 

7.93 

9.65 

64.73

4.24 

5.24

3.56 

4.40

Test 354.

34.6 

25.7 

17.6 

22.1 

.93 

10.02 

11,713

0.72 

.17 

2,162 

19.26

3.08 

86.4 

5.60

6.75 

8.0?. 

9.85 

66. 12

4.19 

5.17

3.53 

4.36
106 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Illinois No. 27 (run of mine).

i

Test 127. Average electrical horsepower, 124.8; average B.t. u. per cubic foot of 

gas, 122.5; total coal fired, 16,050 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per elec.trical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.83

2.57

2.40

2.19

3.06

2.78

2.00

2.36

Dry coal.

2.- 51

2.28

2.13

1.94

'2.72

2.47

2.31

2.10

Combustible.

2.12

1.92

l.SO

. 1.63

2.'29

2.08

1.95

1.77

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 11.35

Volatile matter............................. 33.59

Fixed carbon........................;...... 41\ 20

Ash......................................... 13.86

Sulphur..................................... 4.54

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)....................... 12. 4

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 15. 0

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 12.9

Methane (CH4 )..." 1......................... 1.6

Nitrogen (H2)............................. 57. 7

Ethylene' (Cs H4 ).............:............. .4

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Illinois No. 27 (run of mine).

Washing test 165. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart. 'Raw coal, 

18,000 pounds; washed, 15,545 pounds; refuse, 2,455 pounds.

Coking test 144- Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 53 hours; 

oal charged, ll,550 pounds; coke produced, 5,067 pounds; 43.87 per cent; breeze

reduced, 405 pounds; 3.51 per cent. Total yield, 47.38 per cent. Soft, dense coke; 

ery little cell structure; high sulphur.

Analyses.

Washing test 165.

Raw 

coal.ox

16.00 

' 32. 41 

37.82

13.77 

4.05

Washed 

coal.

16.11

7.76 

3.26

Coking test 144.

Coal.

16.39 

3426 

41. 57

7.78

a 22

Coke.

3.51 

1.55 

81.14 

13.80 

-3.40

Sample taken from steaming test 353.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 107

ILLINOIS NO. 28,

Bituminous coal from bed No. 7 at Herrin, Williamson County, 

was designated Illinois No. 28. This coal, as worke'd at a depth of 

167 feet at this place, averages 6 feet 11 inches in thickness.

Three shipments of coal for testing purposes were made from this 

mine. Illinois No. 28 A consisted of No. 5 washed coal, was shipped 

uninspected, and was used in steaming test 459 (on briquets) and in 

briquetting tests 140*, 141*, 142*, 143*, 162, and 163. Illinois No. 

28 B consisted of unwashed screenings shipped uninspected, and 

was used in steaming test 457 (on briquets) and briquetting tests 

144*, 158*, 159, 160*, and 161. Illinois No. 28 C consisted of lump 

coal which passed over a 3-inch round shaking screen, was shipped 

under the supervision of K. M. W&y, and was used in steaming 

tests 448 and 452, washing test 181, and coking test 166.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3629 was taken 2,400 feet west of the shaft, where the coal measured 7 feet in thickness. Sample 3632 was taken 2,250 feet northwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 6 feet 11 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 28.

Air-drying loss ............

Proximate: 

Moisture...............

Ash...................

Ultimate:

Carbon ................

Nitrogen ..............

Ash. ...................

Calorific value 1 .j

determined tff1 ?^8 --- (as received) J^- l- u- ---

Mine sample.

3029

8.72 

30.38 

5a28 

7. 02 

1.00

0,77:

12, 200

3632

8.88 

29.49

saeo

8.03 .'99

'Car 

sample 

(C).

3789 

3.00

7.78 

29. 85 

52.39 

. 9.98 

1.32

5.00 

07.45 

1.21 

14.98

0, 044

11,959

Steaming tests."

A.

459.

7.32 

30.72 

49.84 

12.12 

1.29

421

71.88 

1.59

7.85 iaos

1.39

B.

457.

4121

5.81 

30.80 

52.41 

10.92 

2.03

4. GO 

71.92 

1.37 

8.30 

11.59 

2.10

C.

448.

4.82 

30.81 

5a82 

10.55 

1.47

4.54 

72.85 

1.30 

8.08 

11.09 

1.54

452.

7.02 

29.93 

5a51 

9.54 

1.18

4.59 

7a75 

1.32

a si

10.26 

1.27

Briquetting tests. t>

A.

140*.

5.81 

30.31 

49.58 

14.30 

1.25

421 

69.09 

1.30 

8-23 

15.18 

1.33

142*.

5.75 

31.00 

51.50 

12.01 

1.21

410 

71.92 

1.35 

7.95 

U34 

1.28

143*.

4000

5.78 

30.58 

51.02 

12.02 

.95

4.35 

71.89 

1.30 

8.00 

ia39 

1.01

B.

144*.

4144

0.38 

31.07 

51.19 

11.30 

1.55

4.22 

71.82 

1.39 

8.78 

12.13 

1.00

158*. 

159, 

and 

160*.

4150

5.45 

31.05 

51.74 

11.10 

2.04

4.19 

71.02 

1.43 

8.80 

11.80 

2.]0

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.
108 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7. 

STEAMING TESTS.

Illinois No. 28.

i

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch. ...................

Force of draft :

Dry fuel used per square foot of 

pounds

................percent..

....................do....

....................do....

t. u. per pound dry fuel. .

....................do....

........ ..... ..... .°F..

grate surface per hour,

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating 

surface per hour . .. nnnnds

Percentage of rated horsepower of b< 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212°

Per pound of combustible. ....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate 

Fuel as fired :

Dry fuel:

pound of fuel as fired,

F.: 

....................do....

...................do....

....................do....

....................do....

....................do....

............ ........do....

A.

Test 459 

(w.).

00

9.95 

12, 557

0.80 

.15 

2,601

18.72

a is

87.7 

6.43

7.75 

8.36 

9.79 

64.29

3.65 

450

3.38 

418

B.

Test 457.

(a)

9.13 

12,859

0.81 

.16 

2,606

19.85

a 42

95.9

6.78

8.13 

8.64 

10.11 

 6499

3.48 

429

a 27

4.04

C.

Test 448.

f 32.3 

22.1 

\ 13.7 

31.9 

I .79 

10.03 

12, 920

0.76 

.17 

2,862

22.52

a 88 

' 108. 8

7.01

8.21 

8.63 

9.99 

6450

a 44

425

a 28 

405

Test 452.

58.4 

21.3 

9.0 

11.13 

1.12 

10.00 

13, 070

0.74 

.14 

2,833

21.97

3.94 

110.5

6.97

8.35 

8.98 

10.36 

66.35

a39 

418

3.15

a 89

a See p. 109. i

j Remarks. Test 459 on briquets from, tests 162 and 163 (equal weights) and English 

briquets; fired whole; no smoke from either kind. Test 457 on briquets from tests 

159 and 161 (equal weights); made 4 per cent black smoke.

WASHING ANDJ COKING TEST.

Illinois No. 28 C (lump).

Washing test 181. Size as used, 2-inch; jig used, Stewart; raw coal, 24,000 pounds; 

washed coal, 19,925 pounds, 74 per cent; refuse, 4,075 pounds, 26 per cent.

Coking test 166. Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 60 

hours. Coal charged, 12,600 pounds; coke produced, 6,350 pounds, 50.40 per cent; 

breeze produced, 661 pounds, 5:25 per cent. Total yield, 55.65 per cent; dark-gray 

color; poor, dense coke.

Analysis.

Ash...........................................................

Washing test 181.

Raw 

coal.

7.78 

29.85

52.39

9.98 

1.32

Washed 

coal.

9.75

7.12 

1.05

Coking test 166.

Coal.

9.37 

30.38 

53.36 

6.89 

1.09

Coke.

2.82 

.60 

86.12 

10.46 

.98 

.0075
TESTS ILLINOIS. 109

BEIQUETTING TESTS.

Illinois No. 28.

Tests 140*, Ul*, 142*, US*, 162, 168 (coal A, washed screenings.} Size as used: TV 

inch to | inch, 3.0 per cent; -fa inch to TV inch, 13.0 per cent; -fa inch to ^ inch, 20.2 

per cent; through -fa inch, 63.8 per cent. There was no appreciable difference in 

briquets with 6, 7, and 8 per cent binder made on English machine and 8 per cent on 

Renfrew machine. Renfrew briquets made with less than 8 per cent binder were 

not satisfactory. The satisfactory briquets had hard, smooth outer surfaces, broke 

with clean rough fracture without crumbling, and edges were hard and sharp. Renfrew briquets could be handled warm and piled without crushing.

For analyses of briquets from tests 162 and 163 see page 108 (steaming test 459).

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind.............................

Amount. .............. .per cent. . Weight of 

Heat value per pound 

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : 

.Held. ......................... .do....

Weathering test: 

Time exposed. :............... .days. .

Water absorption:

Test 140*.

Eng.

w.g.p.

6 

10.000

3.44

10, Gil

16, 478

182 

A.

Test 141*.

Eng.

185

W.g.p.

3410

7 

16,000

3.54

10, 611

11,567

' 16,478

182 

B.

Test 142*.

Knsr

185

w.g.p.

3410

8 

16,000

3.45

10, 611

11,927

16,478

182 

A.

Test 143*.

131

w.g.p.

3410

8 

' 134,000

.502

10,611

12,020

16,478

173 

B.

Test 162.

Renf.

131

w.g.p.

3885

8 

40,000

.463

10, 611

11, 637

16,870

01.5

38.5

73.5

26.5

94.5

127 

B.

13.0

1.84

1.041

Test 163.

Eng.

w.g.p.

3885

7 

8,000

3.02

10, 611

11,637

10, 870

173 

B.

Extraction analyses.

ExtractedDy CSj:

As received ...............................

.....................do....

.....................do....

........:........ ....do....

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

3409

9.30

.23

.21

Briquets., 

test 143*.

4000

9.15

11.21

Tests 144*, 158*, 159, 160*, 161 (coal B, raw screenings). Size as used: Over \ 

inch, 0.4 per cent; ^ inch to \ inch, 3.8 per cent; -fa inch to y^ inch, 13.4 per cent; 

-fa inch to fa inch, 24.8 per cent; through -fa inch, 57.6 per cent. These briquets 

showed the same characteristics as those made from Illinois No. 28 A, except that 

when cold their surfaces were tougher and less liable to break down from abrasion 

than those of the briquets from the washed fuel. For analyses of briquets from test 

161 see page 108 (steaming test 457).
110 EEPOKT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind........................................

Weight of 

Heat value per poundDrop test (1-inch screen) : 

Held................... ................... do....

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : 

Held.. ................................... .do....

Fines through 10-mesh sieve ............. do. ... 

Weathering test : 

Time exposed ............................ days. .

Water absorption:

Test 144*.

Renf.

. 131

w. g. p.

f 3486

\ 3624

8

123,000

0 524

U 39Q

12,094

016,300

49 0

51.0

79 0

21.0

85.0

141 

C.

15.5

1 98

1.075

Test 158*.

Eng.

185

j- 3692

6

on nnn

3.50

11,329

12, 161

16,103

77 9

99 1

77.8

22.2

80.0

143 

B.

14.3

1.40

1 OQ9

Test 159.

Eng.

185

3692

7

28,000

3.51

11,329

12, 161

16,103

72.3

27.7

 72.1

27.9

87.7

137 

B.

12.6

1.30

1.112

Test 160*.

Eng.

3692

8

20,000

.3.63

11,329

16, 103

80.6

19 4

66.4

33.6

78.3

137 

B.

13.9

1.40

1. 075

Test 161 .

Renf.

131

f 3692

I 3885

on (\f\f\

0.481

11,329

12,092

16,870

CQ A

*>;Q i

40.5

89.5

112 

C.

16.0

2.14

1.038

a Equal weights of two binders were used and the calorific value determined from the separate 

calorific values of the binders.

Extraction analysesExtracted by CS2 : Air dried. ................ .do. ...

Pitches.

3486

85.57

3624

99.60

3692

69. 71

3885

95.20

Fuel.

3423 

6.20

.25

.23

Briquets.

Test 

144*.

4144

7.54 

8.57

Tests 

158*, 

159, 

160*.

4150

5.12 

7.02

Test 

161.

4121 

2.90

5.96 

5.79 

6.77

ILLINOIS NO. 29. .

Bituminous coal from bed No. 5 at Livings ton, Madison County, 

was designated Illinois No. 29. This coal, as worked at a depth of 

286 feet at this place, averages 6 feet 10 inches in thickness.

Two samples were shipped under the supervision of K. M. Way, as 

follows: Illinois No. 29 A consisted of screenings through a 2-inch 

shaking screen and was used in steaming test 465 (on briquets); 

washing tests 183 and 184; coking tests 169 and 170; cupola tests 

150, 157, and 164; and briquetting tests 170 and 171f. Illinois No. 

29 B consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in steaming tests 

460, 461, and 466 (on briquets); producer-gas test 139, and briquetting 

test 175f.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3911 

was taken 1,600 feet south of the shaft, where the coal measured 7 

feet 1J inches in thickness. Sample 3913 was taken 1,200 feet
TESTS ILLINOIS. Ill

northwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 6 feet 6f inches in 

thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Illinois No. 29.

Proximate:

Ash...................

Ultimate: 

Hydrogen.............

Nitrogen. .............

Ash...................

Sulphur...............

Calorific value ) . -rioQ determined IS11?1 f - 

(as received).. J l3-t - u -- '

Mine samples.

3911

14.25 

35.52 

40.79 

9.44 

3.72

0,051 

10, 892

3913

12.69 

37.40 

41.15 

8.76 

3.62

0,242 

11,236

Car samples.

B.

3958 

7.30

12.47 

33.12 

41.85 

12.56 

4.37

5.37 

57.17 

1.00 

19.53

5,920 

10, 667

A.

3903 

8.60

13. 10 

30.73 

40. 12 

16.00 

4.17

5.26 

54.26 

.89 

19.42

5,540 

9,983

B.

3980 

5.50

12.25 

33.70 

41.66 

12.33 

' 4.42

5.44 

58.30 

.80 

18.71

5,955 

10, 719

Steaming tests. « 

A.

465.

4233

14.23 

34.63 

43.96 

7.18 

2.84

4.78 

72.39 

1.08 

10.07 

8.37 

3.31

B.

460.

11.09 

33.68 

41.17 

14.06 

4.63

4.45 

63.96 

1.11 

9.46 

15. 81 

5.21

461.

12.41 

35.42 

42.15 

10.02 

3.51

4.77 

68.47 

1.20 

10.11 

11.44 

4.01

466.

4245

10.00 

36.33 

43.01 

10.66 

3.24

4.82 

69.45 

1.20 

9.03 

11. 84 

3.00

Briquetting test 

171 f (A). f>

12.29 

37.16 

43.99 

0.56 

3.56

4.91 

72.23 

- 1.07 

10. 26 

7.47 

4.00

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

& Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TESTS.

Illinois No. 29.

Size as used:

Under J inch ...................

Force of draft :

.I............ ......dO....

....................do....

....................do....

t. u. per pound dry fuel. .

....................do....

....................do....

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour.pounds . . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating

Percentage of rated horsepower of I 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212°

Efficiency of boiler, including grate 

Fuel as fired:

Per electrical horsepower hour. 

Dry fuel:

pound of fuel as fired,

F.:

.....................do....

....................do....

....................do.... 

....................do....

....................do....

A.

Test 405.

See p'. 

114.

9.98

13, 120

0.81 

.15

2,665 

20.35

3.02 

101. 5

 6.34

7.65 

8.91

9.89 

65.58

3.70 

4.56

3.17 

3.92

B.

Test 460.

34.1 

21. 5 

13.2 

31.2 

0.81 

10.05 

11,945

0.80 

.18

2,759 

21.38

3.44 

96.3

5.93

7.10 

 8.05 

9.88 

05.08

3.95 

4.88

3.51 

4.34

Test 461.

51.4 

22.4 

10.7 

1'5.5 

1.04 

5.42 

12, 728

0.84 

.18

2,810 

22.32

3.72 

104.2

0.05

7.31 

8.34 

9.58 

03.28

3.87 

4. 78

3.39 

4.19

Test 466.

See p. 

114.

10.07 

12, 762

0.82 

.10

2,784 

22.32

3.90 

109. 2

0.52

7.87 

8.74 

10.03. 

60.14

3.59 

4.44

3.24 

3.99

Remarks. Test 465 on English and Renfrew briquets from tests 170 and 171f (equal 

weights) burned with medium-length flame, making 6 per cent black smoke; 42 per 

cent clinker, very hard, brittle, and of a dark-gray color and glassy fracture. Test 

466 on briquets from test 175f burned with a hot fire, medium flame, making 13 per 

cent black smoke; 38 per cent clinker, gray, hard, porous; steam jet used to keep 

from sticking to grates- ash gray in color, gritty.
112 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Illinois No. 29 B (run of mine).

Test 189. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 66 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 17 per cent; ^inch 

to \ inch, 7 per cent; under \ inch, 10 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average 

electrical horsepower, 194.3; average B. t. 11. per cubic foot of gas, 141.2; total coal 

fired, 17,250 pounds.

Coal consumed in -producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

, 

1.86

1.70

1.58

1.51

2.00

1.91

1.70

1.62

Dry 

coal.

1.63

1.56

1.39

1.33

1.75

1.67

1.49

1.42

Combustible.

1.40

1.34

1.19

1.14

1.51

1.44

1.28

1.22

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture........

Volatile matter. 

Fixed carbon... 

Ash.............

Sulphur..........

12.25

33.76

41.66

12.33

4.42

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02) ........................ 11.4

Carbon monoxide (CO) .......-.....:......... 17.3

Hydrogen (H2) ............................... 14.0

Methane (CH4 ) .............................. 2.0

Nitrogen (Na) ............................... 54.8

Ethylene (C2 H4 ) ............................ .5

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

 Illinois No. 29 A (screenings). 

Washing tests.

Refuse.... ....................'...................................... {P°u^--

Test 183.

Stewart.

18, 000

13,750

76 

4,250

24

Test 184.

59,500

41,500

70 

18,000

30

Coking tests (on washed coal).

Total yield.......................

-

(....do....

(pounds...

...........................................do....

Test 169.

f. c. '74

12, 010

4,950

41.22 

6S4

5.70 

46.92

Test 170.

f. c.

54

11, 680

4,950

42.38 

338

2.89 

45.27

Remarks. Test 169: Poor, dense coke; high sulphur, 

but poor coke with high sulphur content.

Test 170: Better than test 169,
TESTS-^ILLINOIS. 113

Analyses.

Fixed carbon

Ash......................................

Washing test 

183.

Raw 

coal.

13.10 

30.73

40.12

16.00 

4.17

Washed 

coal.

15.86

7.70 

3. 06

Washing 

test 184 

(washed 

coal) .

15.86

7.70 

3.06

Coking test 

109.

Coal.

15.63 

33.88 

42.81 

7.68 

3.13

Coke.

0.72 

.90 

84.62 

13.76 

2.57

Coking test 

170.

Coal.

18. 39 

32.87 

41.53 

7.21 

3.00

Coke.

2.78 

.74 

83.35 

13.13 

2.49

Cupola tests of coke made from Illinois No. 29 A coal (washed).

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

 150 

' 157 

164

Coke.

Test 

No.

170 

170 

170

Specific 

gravity.

1.83 

1.83 

1.S3

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

6 

8

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

.94.44

97.22 

94.44.

Materials.

\Pig iron'.....

Pig iron.....

Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

760 

190 

760 

200 

800

2.

Lbs. 

60 

500 

78 

5GO 

44 

550

3.

Lbs.

60 

560 78 

500 

44 

550

4.

Lbs.

60 

560 

77 

560 

44 

550

5.

Lbs. 

60 

560 

77 

500 

43 

550

Total.

Lbt. 

430 

3,000 

500 

3,000 

375 

3,000

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

150

157

104

Blast pressure.

On at 

10.59 a. m . . .

3. 15 p. m....

11.10 a. m...

Maximum.

Oz.

7

7

7

Iron 

running in 

Min.

12

30

9

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

2,095

 2,195

1,331

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

329

466

295

Total.

Lbs.

2,424

2,661

1,626

Melting.

Time.

M in.

34

31

30

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

4,278

5,150

3,252

Ratio, 

iron 

to 

coke.

0.12

6.02

4.85

Loss.

Per ct.

5.53

5.37

0.77

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

410

178

1,171

Coke.

Lbs.

34

58

40

SILICON, MANGANESE, ETC.

Cupola

test 

No.

150 

157 

104

Materials.

Melted iron:

Coke..:...........

Melted iron:

Melted iron: 

Amount. ......

Coke..............

Amount 

used 

(Ibs.).

399

448

339

Silicon.

Percent.

2.12

1.91 

- 9.90

2.12

1.84 

-13.21

2.10

1.68 -20.00

Pounds.

51.39

46. 30 

- 5.09

56.41

48.96 

- 7.45

34.15

27.32 

-6.83

Manganese.

Percent.

0.178

.155 

-12.93

.178

.133 

-25.29

.163

.111 

-31.90

Pounds.

4.315

3.757

- .558

4737

' 3.539 

-1. 198

2.650

1.805 

- .845

Sulphur.

Percent.

0.059

.086 

4- .027 

2.49 

.059

.108 

+ .049 

2.49 

.098

.133 

+ .035 

2.49

Pounds.

1. 4302

2. 0840 

4- .6544 

9. 9351 

1. 5700

2. 8739 

+1. 3039 

11.1552 

1. 5935

2. 1626 

+ .5691 

8. 4411

Content 

of coke 

combined 

with iron 

melted

 (p^ cent).

' ' 6.59 

I 1.1. 69 

1 6.74

19698 Bull. No. 332 08 8
114 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola tests of coke made from Illinois No. 29 A coal (washed) Continued. 

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle 

No.

1. . . 

2. . . 

3. . . 

4. . . 

5. . 

6. . 

7. . 

8. . 

9. . 

10. . 

11. . 

12. ..

Test 150.0

Lbs.

55 

96 

110 

69 

103 

103 

75 

98 

103 

70 

102 

103

Time 

(a.m.).

11.14 

11.18 

11.19 

11.23 

11.23! 

11.24 

11.25 

11. 25| 

11.26 

11.27 

11. 27i 

11.28

Test 157.«

Lbs.

19 

95 

107 

86 

87 

107 

85 

81 

100 

80 

101 

101

Time 

(p.m.).

3.28 

3.32 

3.32! 

3.33 

3.36 

3.36^ 

3.37 

3.40 

3.40! 

3.41 

3.43 

3.43*

Test 164.&

Lbs.

86 

32 

93 

88 

52 

90 

69 

65 

83 

82 

 60 

83

Time 

(a.m.).

11.25 

11. 25! 

11.28 

11.28! 

11.29 

11.30 

11,31 

11.38 

11. 38! 

11.39 

11.43 

11.43*

Ladle 

No.

13.. . 

14.. . 

15.. 

16.. 

17.. 

18.. 

19.. 

20.. 

21.. 

22.. 

23.. . 

24.. .

Test 150.0

Lbs.

66 

99 

97 

90 

98 

100 

97 

94 

88 

92 

67 

20

Time 

(a.m.).

11.30 

11.30! 

11.31 

11.34 

11. 34! 

11.35 

11.40 

11. 40! 

11.41 

11.43 

11.44 

11.45

Test 157.o

Lbs.

88 

107 

97 

98 

106 

102 

90 88' 

109 

85 

83 

93

Time 

(p.m.;.

3.44 

3.45 

3.45! 

3.46 

3.48 

3.48! 

3.49 

3.52 

3.52! 

3.53 

3.55 

3.56

Test 164.6

Lbs.

84 

57 

78 

136 

53 

40

Time 

(a. m.)

11.44 

11.46

11. 46*;

11.47 

11.48 

11.49

i

a Pig iron used from car 27633. & Pig iron used from car 131943.

Remarks. Test 150: Temperature of iron, medium. Test 157: Iron hot. Test 164:

Iron cold.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Illinois No. 29.

Tests 170 and 171^ (coal A, washed screenings.). Size as used: Over \ inch, 3.6 per cent; 

TV inch to J inch, 8.6 per cent; ^ inch to TV inch, 16.2 per cent; ^ inch to ^ inch, 20.8 

per cent; through ^ inch, 50.8 per cent. Satisfactory briquets were made on both 

machines with 7 per cent binder. Briquets were very hard and tough, and broke with, 

rough fracture and hard edges. Renfrew briqiiets were well molded and stood handling 

when warm. For analyses of briquets from test 170 see page 111 (steaming test 465).

Test .775 f (coal B, raw, run of mine). Size as used: Over \ inch, 3.2 per cent; -fa 

inch to \ inch, 9.8 per cent; -fa inch to TV inch, 16.4 per cent; ^j- inch to ^.inch, 25.8 

per cent; through ^ inch, 44.8 per cent. The briquets were identical with those made 

of the washed coal, except that fracture was rougher and harder. as fuel did not crush so 

fine in grinding. For analyses of briquets from test 175t, see page 111 (steaming test 466).

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind.........................................

Weight of 

Heat value per pound 

Drop test (1-inch screen) : Held .............................................

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : Held..................................:..........

Weathering test :

Water absorption:

Average for first 

............. °F..

........B.t. u..

..........do....

..........do....

..........do....

....... '...do....

..........do....

/

Test 170.

Eng.

203

f w.g.p.

1 4319

\ 4543

7

. 6,000

3.84

11,844

11,254

a 16, 554

74.4

25.6

94.0

.06

 81.2

56

C.

17.0

5.15

v..

Test 1.711.

Renf.

131

| w.g.p.

| 4543

7

24,000

.437

11,844

 11,671

' 16,969

47.0

>w n

75.0

25.0

87.3

55

B.

21.5

5.05

969

B.

Test 175f.

Renf.

131

w. g. p.

4^4^

7

1 ^ ni¥>

.465

10, 667

11,486

16,969

>;n "i

4Q ^

 77.5

22.5

90.2

53

B.

.18.8

2.42

1.042

a Equal weights of two pitches were used and the calorific value determined from the separate calorific values of these pitches.
TESTS ILLINOIS. . 115

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by 682:

Pitch in briquets, as received,

Pitches.

4319

6G.25

4543

99.66

A.

Fuel.

3963 

8.60

.83

.76

'

Briquets.

Test 170.

4233 

11.80

C.61 

5.83

0.17

Test 171J.

4581 

10.40

7.57 

6.77

6.09

B.

Fuel.

3958 

7.30

.99 

.92

Briquets, 

test 175f.

4245 

7.80

6.92 

C.38

5.53

ILLINOIS NO. 30.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 7 at Shiloh station, St. Clair County, 

on the Southern Railway,.was designated Illinois No. 30. The coal 

as worked at a depth of 126 feet at this place averages 6 feet 8 inches 

in thickness.

One sample, shipped under trie, supervision of K. M. Way, consisted of nut coal through a 3-inch and over a 2-inch shaking screen, 

and was used in steaming test 511 (on briquets); producer-gas test 

157; washing tests 190 and 190a; and briquetting tests 225, 226, and 

228.

^

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3910 

was taken 900 feet southwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 

6 feet 9 inches in thickness. Sample 3912 was taken 800 feet northeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 6 feet 8 inches in tllickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 30.

Proximate:

Ash.....................................................

Ultimate:

Ash .....................................................

Mine sr

3910

2.30

10. 73

39.60

40.41

9.26

4.12

imples.

3912

9.88

42.26

37.05

10.81

3.83

6,355

11, 439

Car sample. .

4364

8.70

11.69

35.70

39.42

13.19

4.38

5.46

57.15

.94

18.88

5,944

10, 699

Steaming 

test 511.0

4714

. 9.75

39. 25

42.69

8.13

3.21

4.80

71.76

1.13

9.60

9.21

3.50

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
116 . REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TEST.

Illinois No. 30 (washed).

Test 511.

Duration of test......................................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel............................................ B. t. u. per p'ound dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper........................................................inch water..

Above fire ..........................-............................_................. .do....

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour ............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour .... .do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed ...........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired ...........................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired ...................................................... .do....

Per pound of dry fuel .......................... ^........ v..........................do....

Per pound of combustible .........................................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate ................................................pei cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................'............ .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour........................... ^....^................... .do....

8.58

13.. 271

0.87

.19

20.94

3.59

100.7

6.41

7.76

8.60

9.59

 62. 58

3.64

4.50

3.29

4.06

Remarks. Test made on English briquets from tests 225 and 226 (equal parts). 

Fuel burned slowly with hot fire, medium flame," and no smoke; 40 per cent clinker.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Illinois No. 30 (washed).

Test 157. Duration of test, 50hours. 'Average electrical horsepower, 199; average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 154.4; total coal fired; 16,200 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.69

1.03

1.44

1.38

1.78

1,71

1.51

'Dry coal.

. 1.60

1.54

1.36

1.31

1.68

1.61

1.43

1.37

Combustible.

1.44

1.38

1.22

1.17

1.51

1.45

1.28

1.23

Analyses.'

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 5.59

Volatile matter............................ 39. 30

Fixed carbon............................... 45. 45

Ash...............................:.......... 9. 66

Sulphur.................................... 3. 37

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)....................... 9. 3

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 19. 6

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 13. 8

Methane (CH<)............................. 2. 0

Nitrogen (N2).............................. 54. 7

Ethylene (C2H4 )............................ .6
TESTS ILLINOIS. 

WASHING TESTS.

Illinois No. 30.

117

Size as used . .through screen.

Jig adjustment:

Speed............ r. -p.m.. 

Stroke. ......... .inches . .

Test 190.

2

2%-mch.

35 

6

Test 190a.

4

1-inch.

70 

21

Washed coal..... {pe-r-Je°ni--

Rpfnso Keiuse............|/tons...... per ceQt

Test 190.

15

11.00

77 

3.40

23

Test 190a.

12.45

10.1

81 

2.35

19

Analyses.

Sample tested.

Washed coal.......... ...... ...{^^0.-

Refuse, test 190a. .........................

Lab. No.

4364 

4379 

4621

Moisture.

11.69 

12.36 

13.67 

11.22

Ash.

Percent.

13.19

9.44 

7.89 

46.50

Per cent reduction.

28.3 

40

Sulphur.

Percent.

4.38

3.26 

3.15 

9.59

Per cent reduction.

25.6 

28

Float and sink tests.

No. of test.

On raw coal (preliminary) : 

1.. ......................

2........................

q

On refuse (float)o of test 190a 

1. .......................

o

3........................

Size 

used 

(inch) .

J 

J

!

Specific 

gravity 

of solution 

used.

1.36 

1.41 

1.47 

1.56

1.36 

1.40 

1.45 

1.51

Percentage of 

floatTo refuse.

15.8 

20.18 

29.90 

33.50

To total sample.

73 

84 

88 

90

2.98 

4.13 

5.63 

'6.31

Sink 

(per 

cent).

27 

16 

12 

10

Analyses.

Ash.

Per 

cent.

7.10 

8.69 

8.98 

9.59

8.00

11,30

12.00

14.00

Per 

cent reduction.

46 

34 

31

27

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

3.29 

3.29 

3.33 

3.41

3.12

7 49

3.43

4.63

Per 

cent reduction.

23 

23 

23 

22

'

o Loss of good coal 2.98 per cent.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Illinois No. 30 (nut, washed).

Tests 225, 226, 228. Size as used: Over £ inch, 2 per cent; fa inch to finch, 7 

per cent; ^V *ncn to jV incn> I7 - 4 Per cent; ?V ^ncn to aV incn) 20-8 per cent; through 

^5- inch, 52.8 per cent. Briquets satisfactory.; had a hard, rough exterior and broke 

with a rough, uneven fracture, with crumbly edges. All briquets had a bluish color 

and fracture, which showed an excess of pitch. The Renfrew briquets showed insufficient pressure. For analysis of briquets from tests 225 and 226 see page 115 (steaming test 511).
118 REPORT TJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Details, of manufacture:

Binder 

Kind....................................

Weight of 

Heat value per poundFuel as fired. .............................

Drop test (1-inch screen) : 

Held.........................................

Tumbler test 1-inch screen) : 

Held.........................................

Water absorption:

....................°F..

............ ....B.t.u..

..................do....

..................do....

.:............ per cent..

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

Test 

225.

Eng.

185

w. g. p.

. 4806

6

6,000

3.50

11,921

11,977

16, 864

80.2

19.8

75.9

24.1

82.6

8.6

1.35

1.08.7

Test 

226.

Eng.

w. g. p.

4806

7

6,000

3.45

11,921

11,977

16, 864

. 81.5

18.5

79.0

21.0

85.0

8.5

1 98

1.080

Test 

228.

158

w. g..p.

4806

8.5

6,500

0.463

11,921

(a)

16, 864

47.0

53.0

82.5

17.5

95.0

16.2

2.10

1.060

a No test. 

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSs:

As received

.....................do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

4806

96.90

Fuel.

4364

8.70

.65

.61

Briquets, 

tests 

225, 226.

4714

5.30

6.53

6.18

5.80

II/LINOIS NO. 31.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 6 at Warden, St. Clair County, on 

th.6 Wabash Railroad, was designated Illinois. No. 31. The coal, as, 

worked at a depth of 300 feet at this place, averages 6 feet 8 inches 

in thickness.

' One sample, shipped under the supervision of K. M. Way, consisted of screenings over a IJ-inch shaking screen, and was used in 

steaming tests (on briquets) 489 and 491, and briquetting tests 185, 

186, 224f, and 237f.

Two-mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

4250 was taken 1,000 feet southwest of the shaft, where the coal 

measured 5 feet lOf inches in thickness. Sample 4251 was taken 

1,600 feet north of the shaft, where the coal measured 7 feet 5f inches 

in thickness.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 119

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 31.

Proximate:

Ash........................

"Ultimate:

Ash........................

Calorific value d eter-f calories.

Mine samples.

4250 

8.00

13.17 

34.79 

41.75 

10.29 

3.22

4251 

9.40

14.38 

33.92 

42.95 

8.75 

3.13

6,032 

10,858

Car 

sample.

4376 

9.70

13.10 

32.16 

41.49 

13.25 

3.G6

5.44 

57.31 

1.03 

19. 31

5,774 

10,363

Steaming tests."

489.

4382

14.52 

33.74 

39.40 

12.34 

3.36

4.68 

'67.91 

1.12 

7.92 

14.44 

3.93

491.

4397

10.81 

33.72 

42.74 

12.73 

3.50

4.54 

07.31 

1.04 

8.92 

14.27 

3.92

Briquetting tests.b

224f.

< 

9.17 

33.03 

43.90 

13.90 

 3.90

4.33 

66.14 

1.01 

8.93 

15.30 

4.29

 237-f.

6.98 

35.21 

42.85 

14.96 

3.78

3.57 

59.48 

.83 

5.67 

25.03 

5.42

« Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

b Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TESTS.

Illinois No. 31 (briquets).

Force of draft:

Equivalent water evaporated per square loot of water-heating

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired ............. 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. : 

Per pound of fuel as fired ........................................

Per pound of combustible. .......................................

Fuel as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour ...................................

Dry fuel:

and dry fuel..

.......do....

surface per

....pounds.. 

....pounds..

........ do....

. . . .pounds. .

.......do....

.......do....

Test 489.

 9.47 

12, 303

0.74 

.14 

21.16

3.49

97.7 

5.84

7.06 

8.25 

9.81 

04.76

4.01 

4.94

3.43 

4.23

Test 491.

9.75 

12,335

' 0.87 

.20 

21.65

3.56 

100. 0 

6.09

7.35 

8.24 

9.77 

64.51

3.85 

.4.75

3.43 

4.24

Remarks. Test 489 on briquets from test 186; test 491 on briquets from test 185: 

Fuel gave good results with thick fire; burned with a medium long flame, and gave 

2 per cent black smoke. Renfrow briquets gave 47 per cent and English briquets 45 

per cent clinker; brittle, porous, dark-gray color, and did not stick to grates.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Illinois No. 31 (screenings).

Tests 185, 186, 224}, 237^. Size as used: Over t inch, 3 per cent; TV inch to 

} inch, 8.5 per cent; ^ inch to ^ inch, 17 per cent; ^ inch to ? $ inch, 24 per cent; 

through ¥ <j- inch, 47.5 per cent. Briquets were porous, with soft surfaces, rough 

fracture, and easily crumbled edges. English briquets were handled from ma-
120 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

chine without breaking. Renfrew briquets were not satisfactory, owing to low pressure. This should be a good briquetting coal, although dirty. For analyses of briquets see page 119 (briquets from test 185 under "Steaming test 491," from test 186 

under" Steaming test 489).' ? ' .

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind................................ ..

Weight of 

Heat value per pound 

Drop test (1-inch screen) : Held.......................................

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : Held.......................................

Weathering test:

Water absorption:

........... °F..

.......B.t.u..

.........do....

.........do....

.........do....

.........do....

..........do....

.........do....

........days..

.....percent..

.........do....

.........do....

Test 185.

Renf.

140

\v. g. p.

4543

7

12, 000

0.4CO

10, 393

10,012

16,969

64.5

35.5

91.5

8.5

94.1

11

B.

14.5

2.70.

1.053

Test 186.

Eng.

176

w. g. p.

4543

7

12, 000

3.77

10,393

10, 517 '

16,969

79.7

20.3

78.8

21.2

75.7

10

A.

9.2

1.60

1.144

Test224f.

Eng.

149

w. g. p.

4683

7

11,600

3.91

in 3<M

10,921

16,637

24,2

75.8

43.3

56.7

65.0

7.4

1.67

1.167

Test 237f149

\v. g. p.

4806

' 8

10,000

0.442

10,393

11, 158

16,864

34.5

65.5

80.5

19.5

87.5

13.1

1 01

1.123

Extraction analyses.

Air-drying loss ........... .per cent . . 

Extracted by CSS : 

As received. ............. .do. . . . 

Pitch in briquets, as received, .do. ...

 

Pitches.

4543

99.66

4683

89.31

4806

96.90

Fuel.

4376 

9.70

.49 

.44

Briquets.

Test 

185.

4397 

8.00

7.07 

6.50 

6.11

Test 

186.

4382 

11.10

6.99 

6.21 

5.86

Test 

224f.

4830 

4.70

7.05 

6.72 

7.08

Test 

237f.

4890 

2.80

7.80 

7.58 

7.41

II/LTNOIS NO. 33.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 7 at Trenton, Clinton County, on the 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was designated Illinois No. 33. This 

coal, as worked at a depth of 320 feet at this place, averages 5 feet 3 

inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of K. M. Way, consisted of screenings through a 1 £-inch shaking screen, and was used in 

steaming test 513 and briquetting tests 206, 207, 210, and 235f.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4384 

was taken 1,800 feet west of the shaft, where the coal measured 5 feet 

6 inches in thickness. Sample 4385 was taken 2,000 feet northwest 

of the shaft, where the coal measured 5 feet in thickness.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 121

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 38.

Proximate:

Ash .......................................................

Ultimate:

Mine samples.

4384 

4.70

14.45 

29.70

40.16 

9.03 

2.09

4385 

4.80

15.06 

29.48 

45.81 

9.05 

1.05

5, 959

10, 720

Steaming test 

513.a

4728

11.50 

25.44 

42.37 

20. 09 

1.52

3.72 

01. 46 

1.02 

8.70 

23.38

1.72

Briquetting test 

235f.»

4888 

3.90

9.47 

28.25 

40.75 

21.53 

1.50

3.93 

00.07 

1.03 

9.47 

23. 78 

1. 72 

5,423 

9,761

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from c&i samples. 

b Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TEST.

Illinois No. 33 (screenings).

Test 513.0

Duration of test......................................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel............................................B. t.u. per pound dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper...................................................... .inches water..

Above fire..........................................................................do....

In ash pit (forced draft) ...................................................................

Furnace temperature.................................................................... °F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour...... do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.......................... .pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.......................................................... do....

Per pound of dry fuel.............................................................. do....

Per pound of combustible......................................................... .do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent..

Fuel as fired: '

Per indicated horsepower hour.............'....................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour........... ; .......................................: .do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour................................................... .do....

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

8.68

11,099

1.01

.10

.34

2,465

20. 41

3.23

90.7

4.49

5.43

0.13

8.53

53.34

5.21

0.43

4.01

5.09

a Oil English briquets. 

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Illinois No. 33 (screenings).

Tests 206, 207, 210, 235}. Size as used: Over \ inch, 2.0 per cent; ^ inch to J inch, 

9.8 per cent; ^ inch to ^ inch, 26.4 per cent; ^ inch to ^V inch, 27.0 per cent; 

through £$ inch, 34.8 per cent. The surface of all briquets was soft, fracture ragged, 

and edges easily broken. Greater percentage of binder had no apparent effect on 

appearance. Increased moisture content made a very soft, warm briquet, which 

hardened on cooling with a harder surface than those with less moisture. For analyses of briquets see above (briquets from tests 206 and 207 under " Steaming test 513").
122 KEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Details of manufacture:

Binder 

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted ....................

Heat value per poundBinder. ............................

Drop test (1-inch screen): 

field.. .................................

Tumbler test (1-inch screen): 

Held...................................

Water absorption:

>

°F

..........pounds..

...........B.t.u..

.............do....

.............do....

.............do....

.............do....

.............do....

.............do....

.............do....

Test 206.

Eng.

149

w.g.p.

4683

7

8,000 

4.07

7,634

9,823

16,637

50.0

50.0

55.6

44.4

66.6

7.6

2.3

1.291

Test 207.

Eng.

149

w.g.p.

46836'

7,000 

4.12

7,634

9,823

16,637

61.8

38.2

60.3

39.7

72.1

9.4

2.40

1.280

Test 210.

Renf.

158

w.g.p.

4683

7

6,000 

0.474

7, 634

(a)

16, 637

74.5

25.5

94.0

6.0

90.8

11.1

2.93

- 1.232

Test 235f.

Renf.

167

w.g.p.

8

15,000 

0.484

7,634

16, 864

34.5

65.5

89.5

10.5

94.7

6.5

1.70

1.298

a No test. 

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

Pitches.

4683

89.31

4806

96.90

Fuel.

4385 

4.80

0.29 

0.28

Briquets.

Test 206.

4728 

5.50

5.22 

4.93 

5.23

Test 235t.

4888 

3.90

7.66 

7.42 

7.40

ILLINOIS ]STO. 34.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 5 at Harrisburg, .Saline County, on 

the Big Four System, was designated Illinois No. 34. The coal, as

worked at a. depth of 165 feet at this place, averages 7 feet 1 inch in 

thickness.

Two samples were shipped under the, supervision of K. M. Way, as 

follows: Illinois No. 34 A consisted of screenings over a IJ-inch 

shaking screen, and was used in washing test 196. Illinois No. 34 B 

consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in steaming test 509, 

washing test 197, and coking test 190.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4413 

was taken 2,000 feet southwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 

7 feet 3 inches in thickness. Sample 441.4 was taken 1,000 feet north 

of the shaft, where the coal measured 6 feet 11 inches in thickness.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 123

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Illinois No. 34.

Air-drying loss. ....................................

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Asli .............................................

Calorific value determined (as received) -j^"^3 " '

Mine samples.

4413 

4.20

7.55 

33.85 

51. 45 

7.15 

1.56

4414

7.51 

32.81 

52.20 

7.48 

1.58

 7,048 

12,686

Car samples.

A.

4636 

6.60

 9.33 

30.92

47.86 

11.89

2.76

5.12 

62.85 

1.29 

16.09

6,429 

11,572

B.

4622 

5.80

7.81 

33.54 

50. 27 

.8.38 

2.36

5.31 

67.90 

1. 44 

15.11

6, 899 

12,418

Steaming test 

509." .

6. 56 

34. 15 

51.57 

7.72 

2.17

4.87 

74.00 

1.58 

8.98 

8.26 

2. 31

<* Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TEST. 

Illinois No. 34 B (run of mine).

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heatin

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Efficiency of boiler, including gra^e. .......................... 

Coal as fired:

.Dry coal:

.........................do....

.........................do....

.........................do....

.........................do....

..........................do....

.........................do....

.........................do....

.................... .per cent. .

.........................do....

..........................do....

.........................do....

Test 509.

44.3 

22.8 

13.4 

19.5 

1.23 

9.00

13,621

0.83 

.22 

21.50 

3.79 

106. 2 

6.80

8.24 

8.' 82 

9.79 

62. 53

3.43 

4.24

3.2L 

3.96

WASHING TESTS.

Illinois No. 34.

Jig adjustment: 

Make or number ..........

Test 196 

CA).

41

Special.

70

Test 197 

(B).

2

Special.

70

Washed coal.. ....{pe - dc°eni; :

Test 196. 

(A).

24. 65

19.55

80 

5. 10

20

Test 197 

(B).

14

11.81

85 

2.19

15
124 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Analyses.

Sample tested.

Washed coal, test 196. .................

Washed coal, test 197 ..'................

Lab. No.

4636 

4709

4622 

4628

Moisture.

9.33 

8.68 

9.29 

7.81 

10.12 

15.35

Ash.

Percent.

11.89 

77.44 

58.43 

8.38 

. 6.52 

61.00

Per centreduction.

37

21

Sulphur.

Percent.

2.76

2.19 

11.91

2.36

1.76 

15.90

Per cent 

reduction.

21

26

Float and sink tests.

No. of test.

On raw coal (preliminary) :

ri.. ...................

.J2.:. .................. A^o

14.....................

fl.... .................

B 9 2.. ...................

u............ .........

On refuse (float) :

ri. ...................

Aj;. 2 ...................

u....... ............. fl. ...................

B&{2........... .........

9 .

Size 

used 

(inch) .

f

3 

I' 

1 

1 

1

Specific 

gravity of solution 

used.

1.36 

l.,41 

1.45 

1.51 

1.35 

1.41 

1.46 

1.51

1.35 

1.41 

1.45 

1.51 

1.35 

1.40 

1.45

Percentage 

of floatTo refuse.

12.10 

13.59 

14.21 

16.78 

50 

52 

55

To total 

sample.

84 

88 

90 

92 

87 

90 

92 

92

2.52 

2.82 

2.95 

3.43 

7.80 

8.14 

8.60

Sink 

(per 

cent) .

16 

12 

10 

8 

13 

10 

8 

8

Analyses.

Ash.

Per 

cent.

6.07 

6.12 

' 7.06 

7.10 

5.91 

6.15 

6.20 

7.23

6.95

7.78

9.58

11.20

6.27

5.99 

7.40

Per 

cent reduction.

49 

48 

41 

40 

29 

27 

26 

14

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

1.90 

1.83 

2.18 

1.97 

1.71 

1.64 

1.68 

2.17

2.05

2.33

2.45

3.05

2.36

2.50

2.79

Per 

cent 

 reduction.

31 

34 

21 

29 

28 

31 

29 

8

i

« Loss of good coal, 2.52 per cent.

i> Figures indicate that finer crushing is advantageous. Loss of "good coal" in the n 

exceed 1.75 per cent. By "good coal" is meant all coal of a quality equal to or better th* 

wa.shp.rl coal. ?

_ refuse will not 

than that of the

COKING TEST. 

Illinois No. 34 B (run of mine).

Test 190. Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 51 hours. Coal 

charged, 12,980 pounds. Coke produced, 6,523 pounds; 50.25 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 316 pounds; 2.43 per cent. Total yield, 52.68 per cent. Coke, light 

gray and silvery. Yield low on account of burning to obtain heat; could be easily 

increased on better acquaintance. Good coke, but sulphur a little high.

Analyses.

Ash........ ............................................................................

Coal.

9.91

33.33

50.65

6.11

1.75

Coke.

0.19

.35

87.91

11.55

1.48
TESTS INDIANA. 125

INDIANA. 

INDIANA NO. l.a

A sample of bituminous screenings (through 1-inch screen) from 

Mildred, Sullivan County, on the Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad, was designated Indiana No. 1 B. This sample was used in 

briquetting test 217*f.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Indiana No. 1 B.

Proximate:

Ash..............................

Briquetting 

test 217*f.o

8.29 '-tn ^

47.01

14.15

2.38

Ultimate: 

Ash.............................

Briquetting 

test 217*f.a

4.43

68.76

1.19

 7.59

15.43

2. CO

G Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

BRIQUETTING TEST. 

Indiana No. 1 B (screenings).

. Test 217*\. Size as used: Over £-inch, 5.0 per cent; TV~incn to i-inch, 12.4 per cent; 

^-inch to TVinch, 22.4 per cent; ¥Vincn to ^-inch, 23.4 per cent; through ^-inch, 

3G.8 per cent. Briquets with 8.5 per cent binder on Renfrew machine satisfactory 

when fuel was very dry; excess of moisture made a briquet that was soft when warm 

and crumbled easily when cold. Briquets had a porous, dull surface; rough fracture 

with ragged edges, but tough and hard, producing a small amount of slack in handling; 

showed no evidence of sticking together when piled warm.

Details of manufacture: 

Machine used.

Temperature of briquets 

Binder 

Kind

Laboratory No. (see p. 40).......

Amount...............per cent..

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted..................

Briquets, average..... .per cent..

Heat value per pound 

Fuel as received.........B. t. u..

Fuel as fired...............do....

Binder..................... do....

Eenf. 

141

w. g. p.

4083

88,000

0. 485

9,806

11,444

10,637

Drop test (1-inch screen):

Held.......................per cent.

Passed........................do...

Tumbler test (1-inch screen):

Held............................do...

Passed (fines).................do...

Fines through 10-mesh sieve...do... 

Water absorption: 

' In22 days.....................do...

Average for first 5 days....... do...

Specific gravity (apparent).............

54.5

45.5

80.5

13.5

95.0

14.0

1.92

1.114

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

.....................do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

4683

89. 31

Fuel.

4590

1^.90

.81

.09

Briquets, 

test217*f.

4680

3.60

7.35

7.08

7.21

a For other tests of fuel from this mine, made during 1904, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261,1905, 

pp.33. SO, 94, 119,123,and 154; and Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48,1906, pp. 03,212,473,1068, 

1336,1438, and 1403.
126 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

INDIANA NO. 5.o

A sample of bituminous screenings (through IJ-inch bar screen) 

from Hymera, Sullivan County, on the Evansville .and Terre Haute 

Railroad, was designated Indiana No. 5 B, and was used in briquetting tests 229* and 230*f.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 5 B.

Proximate:

Ash......................

Briquetting tests.a

229*.

7.27 

37.73 

44.37 

10.63 

4.29

230*|.

C.34 

37.53 

44.74 

11.39

4.76

Ultimate:

Briquetting tests."

229*.

4.49 

68.47 

1.13 

9.80 

11.49 

4.62

.230*f.

4.62 

68.06 

1.10 

8.96 

12.18 

5.08

o Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Indiana No. 5 B (screenings).

Tests 229* and 230*}. Size as used: Over \ inch, 1 per cent; T^ inch, to \ inch, 5.6 

per cent; -fa inch to ^ inch, 11.8 per cent; TV incn to ^ inch, 20.4 per cent; through 

^ inch; 61.2 per cent. The briquets were identical in character with those made 

from Indiana No. 1 B (p. 125) and Indiana No. 6 B (p. 127).

V

Details of manufacture:

Temperature of briquets, 

°F............ ..........

Binder 

Laboratory No. (see 

p. 40). ..............

Fuel briquette d,

Briquets, average,

Fuel as received, 

B. t. u.... .........

Fuel as fired. B. t. u..

Test 

229*.

Eng.

176

w. g. p.

4806

7

24,000

3.69

10', 822

11,945

Test 

230*f.

140

w. g. p.

4806

9

30,000

0.424

10,822

12,046

Details of manufacture Con.

Con.

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Passed.. .... ......do....

Fines through 10-mesh

Water absorption:

Average for first 5 days,

Specific gravity (apparent) . .

Test 

229*.

16,864

81.6

18.4

7Q 1

20.7

72.5

7.4

1.20

1.078

Test 

230*f.

50.0

50.0

81.5

09 ?

13.8

1.86

1.097

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

Pitch.

4806

96.90

Fuel.

4708 

10.00

1.46

1.31

Briquets.

Test 229*.

4822

6.87 

5.82

Test 

230*f.

8.50 

7.52

a For other tests of coal from this mine, made during 1905, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290,1906, 

pp. 10C-102.
TESTS INDIANA. 127

NO. 6.a

Bituminous screenings (through IJ-inch bar screen) from vein No. 

4 at Hymera, Sullivan County; on the Evansville and! Terre Haute 

Uailroad, were designated Indiana No. 6 B, shipped uninspected) 

and used in briquetting tests 220* and 227f.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 6 B.

Proximate:

Fixed carbon........:...

Ash......................

Briquetting tests."

220*.

5.84 

38.08 

44.22 

11.86 

4.49

227f.

5.72 

37.83 

43.16 

13.29 

4.87

Ultimate:

Carbon..................

Ash......................

Briquetting tests.i

220*.

5.04 

70.61 

1.14 

5.85 

12.59 

4.77

227f.

4.76 

C6.48 

1.07 

8.42 

14.10 

5.17

a Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

BRIQUETTING TESTS. 

Indiana No. 6 B (screenings).

Tests £20*, 2W\. Size as used: Over i-inch, 1.2 per cent; TVinch to Hnch, 5.6 

per cent; -fa inch to T\y inch, 10.2 per cent; -fa inch to ^V inch, 20.4 per cent; 

through -fa inch, 62.6 per cent. Renfrow briquets were similar to those made from 

Indiana 1 B coal. Seven per cent binder gave satisfactory English briquets when 

coal was thoroughly dried; otherwise briquets were soft and easily broken when cold. 

Briquets were soft and spongy when warm, although cohesive enough to be handled 

without breaking. When cold they became tough with porous surfaces, rough fractures, and ragged edges.

Details of manufacture:

Temperature of briquets, 

°F. ..................... BinderKind.................

p. 40).. ............

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted,

Briquets, average,

Heat value per pound 

B. t. u.^.. .........

Fuel as fired. B. t. u . .

Test 

220*.

Renf.

140

w.g.p.

4806

8.5

64,000

0.484

10,987

12, 132

Test 

227f.

Eng.

168

w. g. p.

4806

7

8,000

3.84

10,987

11,839

Details of manufacture Con.

Con. 

Binder ...... B.t.u..

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Fines through 10-mesh

Water absorption:

Average for first 5 days,

Test 220*-

16,864

58.5

41.5

84.0

16.0

90.0

12.5

2.04

1.083

Test 

227f.

16,864

83.7

16.3

81.2

18.8

78.3

6.7

1 06

1.156

o For other tests of coal from this mine, made during 1905, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290,1906, 

pp. 102-105.
128 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT/ 1906-7.

Extraction analyses. 

Extracted by CS2 :

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

Pitch.

4806

96.90

Fuel.

4604 

7.00

.82 

.76

Briquets.

Test 220*.

4835 

3.30

8.38 

8.10 

7.64

Test 227f.

4872 

2.70

7.68 

7.47 

6.99

INDIANA NO. 12.

Bituminous coal from Hartwell, Pike County, on the Southern 

Railway, was designated Indiana No. 12. The coal, as worked from 

the outcrop at this place, averages 4 feet 10 inches in thickness.

This sample, shipped under the supervision of W. J. Von Borries, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in making steaming tests 

299, 300, and 310 (on washed coal); producer-gas test 99; washing test 

145; coking tests 108 (raw), 109 (washed), and 110 (washed); and 

cupola test 121 (washed coal).

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2701 was taken 1,200 feet nothwest of the opening, where the coal 

measured 4 feet 9 inches in thickness. Sample 2702 was taken 900 

feet northwest of the opening, where the coal measured 5 feet in 

thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 12.

Proximate:

Ash........................

Ultimate:

O YVPPPTI

Ash........................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined..... {|al° s;; 

Calculated from ] p9lor{p<,

ultimate anal-^f1? 8 - 

Mine samples.

2701 

8.20

11.29 

38.35 

43.49 

6.87 

3.09

6,623 

11,921

2702 

8.50

11.10 

37.11 

43.27 

8.52 

3.86

Car samples.

2759 

6.40

10.57 

35.03 

42.75 

11.65 

3.87

5.40

61.11

1.17

16.80

6,259 

11, 266

6,161

11,090

2825 

11.00

12.99 

34.27 

40.55 

12.19 

3.97

Steaming tests, a

299.

12.81 

33.48 

39.63 

14.08 

3.84

4.54 

65.66 

'1.26 

7.99 

16.15 

4.40

300.

12.41 

34.12 

39.61 

13.86 

4.21

4.54 

65.61 

1.26 

7.96 

15.82 

4.81

310.

12.87 

35.85 

43.34 

7.94 

3.02

5.00 

72.27 

1.39 

8.76 

9.11 

3.47

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
TESTS INDIANA. 129

STEAMING TESTS. 

Indiana No. 12 (run of mine).

Test 299. Test 300. Test 310 

(w.).

Size as used:

Over 1 inch ................................................ .per cent..

i inch to 1 inch.....;..........................................do....

1 inch to J inch.................................................do....

Under J inch.................................................. do....

Duration of test................................................ .hours..

Kind of grate......................................:.....................

Heating value of coal......................B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper............................'........inch water..

Above fire..................................................... do....

Furnace temperature..........................'..............'.....'. .°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour........pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour.........:.......-.................................... .pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired..................................... do....

Pei' pound of dry coal......................................... do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate............................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour................................ do....

Per electrical horsepower hour............................... .do....

27.5

21.8

18.3

32.4

10.08

Booking.

12,116

0.50

.16

2,359

22.99

3.32

93.1

5.85

7.02

8.05

9.78

64.16

4.03

4.97

3.51

4.34

30.5

24.3

18.9

26.3

10.05

Booking

12,130

0.54

.19

2,397

25.13

3.71

103.9

5.99

7.20

8.22

10.02

65.44

3.93 

 4.85

3.44

4.25

28.9

24.8

23.6

22.7

13,271

0.49

.11

2.722

19.04

3.49

97.8

6.69

8.00

9.18

10.29

66.80

3.53 

.4.36

3.08

3.80

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Indiana No. 12 (run of mine).

Test 99. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 47 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 23 per cent; 

i inch to $ inch, 12 per cent; under ^ inch, 18 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours; 

average electrical horsepower, 194.4; average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 149.4; 

total coal fired, 17,200 pounds.

'

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.86

1.77

1.58

1.50

1.97

1.87

1.67

1.59

Dry 

coal.

1.66

1 f\Q

1.41

1.35

1.76

1.68

1.50

1.43

Combustible.

1 <M

1 36

1 99

1.16

1.52

1.44

1.29

1.23

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 10.42

Volatile matter............................. 36.29

Fixed carbon............................... 40.75

Ash......................................... 12.54

Sulphur..................................... 3.96

19698 Bull. No. 332 08 9

Qas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COj)....................... 9.0

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 19.0

Hydrogen (Hj)............................. 13. 0

Methane (CH<)............................. 2.0

Nitrogen (Na).............................. 56.0

Eithylene (CzHO............................ 1.0
130 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS. 

Indiana No. 12 (run of mine).

Washing Lest 145. Size as used, crushed to 2-inch. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 

40,000 pounds; washed coal, 35,060 pounds; refuse, 4,940 pounds.

Coking tests.

/....do....

...................... .<per cent 

/pounds. . .

............................do....

Test 108 

(raw) .

f.c.

37

10,000

5,258

52.58 

464

57.22

Test 109 

(w.).

f.c.

. 35

10,000

5,304

53.04 

255

. 00

55.59

Test 110 

(w.).

r. o.: m.

44

12,000

6,355

52.96 

296

2.47 

55.43

Remarks. Test 108: Light-gray color; some little silvery; breakage, good-sized 

pieces; cell structure rather large; high ash and sulphur Test 109: Light gray and 

silvery; better than coke from raw coal; breakage, good-sized pieces; cell structure rather large; good weight; sulphur not much reduced by washing. Test 110: 

Light gray and silvery; practically same as test 109; breakage little better, larger 

size; cell structure not quite so large; good weight coke; sulphur not materially 

reduced by washing.

Analyses.

Ash. ...............................

Washing test 145.

Raw 

coal.

10.57 

35.03

42.75

11.65 

3.87

Washed 

coal.

14.16

7.85 

3.29

Coking test 108.

Coal.

11.77 

33.78 

40.00 

14.45 

4.32

Coke.

0.88 

0.62 

75.95 

22.55 

3.84

Coking test 109.

Coal.

13.79 

35.43 

42.75 

8.03 

3.22

Coke.

0.60 

1.15 

84.32 

13.93 

2.86

Coking test 110.

Coal.

12.82 

37.25 

41.52 

8.41 

3.33

Coke.

0.42 

1.03 

84. 37 

14.18 

2.89

Cupola test of coke made from Indiana No. 12 coal (washed).

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

121

Coke."

Test 

No.

110

Specific 

gravity.

1.87

Ratio 

iron 

to coke.

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

96.53

Material.

(Coke........

 I Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

180 

540 

180

2.

Lbs. 

63 

428 

143

3.

Lbs. 

63 

428 

143

4.

Lbs. 

62 

427 

142

5.

Lbs. 

62 

427 

142

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2.250 

750

Sulphur in ash, 0.06 per cent. 

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

121

Blast pressure:

. On at 

10.42 a. in...

Maximum.

02.

7

running in 

Mm.

12

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,752

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

199

Total.

Lbs.

1,951

Melting.

Time.

Min.

25

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

4,682

Ratio 

iron 

to 

coke.

5.48

Loss.

Per ct.

6.57

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

852

Coke.

Lbs.

74
TESTS INDIANA. 131

Cupola test of coke made from Indiana No. 12 coal (washed) Continued. 

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

2...........................

3. ..:.......... . ............

4................... .........

8...........................

9

10...........................

1.1 ...........................

Test 121.

Pounds.

80 

77 

110 

60 

" 83 

58 

106 

95 

57 

99 

95

Time 

(a.m.).

10. 57' 

10.58 

10. 59 

11.02 

11. 02i 

11. 03 

11.05 

11. 05i 

11.06 

11.08 

11.08J

Ladle No.

12.........................

13..........................

14..........................

15 ..........................

16..........................

17..........................

18..........................

19.................;........

20..........................

21 .......................... 22.: r. .......................

Test 121.

Pounds.

76 

106 

100 

32 

102 

96 

49 

24 

27 

94 

126

Time 

(a.m.).

11. 09 

11.10 11.104

11. 11 

11. 13 

11. 13J 

11. 14 

11. 15 

11.16 

11.18 

11.19

Remarks. Test 121: Iron dull:

INDIANA NO, 13.

Bituminous coal from bed-No. 6 at Terre Haute, Vigo County, on 

the Vandalia line, was designated Indiana No. 13. The coal, as 

worked at a depth of 65 feet at this place, averages 5 feet 3 inches in 

thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of J. W. Groves, consisted of run-of-mine coal, which was used in steaming tests 432 and 

433 and producer-gas tests 132 and 138.

. Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3467 

was taken 3,000 feet south of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 

10£ inches in thickness. Sample 3468 was taken 3,000 feet southwest 

of the shaft, where the coal measured 5 feet 8 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. .1.3.

Proximate:

Ash ....................:........................

Ultimate:

Calorific value determined (as received) . . Vg^ ^ s ' '

Mine samples.

3467 

.8.00

13. 43 

36.72 

42.51 

7.34 

2.16

6,360 

11,448

3468 

8.30

13.88 

35.89 

41.54 

8.69 

3.26

Car 

sample.

3748 

5.60

12.97 

37.45 

39.67 

12. 09 

3.18

5.58 

59.84 

.82 

18. 49

6,055 

10, 899

Steaming tests."

432.

12.79 

35.45 

39. 67 

12.09 

3.18

4.77 

68.61 

.94 

8.17 

13.86 

3.65

433.

13.58 

33.93 

40.81 

11.68 

2.92

4.80 

69.13 

.95 

8.22 

13.52 

3.38

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
132 BEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Indiana No. 13.

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch ................................ .........

£ inch to J inch ............................. .........

Force of draft:

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

u. per pound dry coal. .

..................do....

.............. .....°F..

. . . . .Bounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds ...... ....... ...

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

............. ......do....

..................do....

Test 432.

46.5

21.1 

12.7

19 7

1.33

10.08 

12, 497

' 0.69 

.13 

2.290 

19.90

3.42 

95.8 

6.45

7.50' 

8.60 

10.23 

66.46

3.77 

4.65

3. .29 

4.06

Test 433.

3.75 

12,577

0.74 

.16 

2, 260 

20.52

3.29 

92.1 

5.97

6.93 

8.02 

9.70 

61.58

4.08 

5.04

3.53 

4.35

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS. 

Indiana No. 13 (run of mine).

Size as used:

Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas. ................

......................do....

......................do....

....:................. do....

Test 132.

36

24

16

24

50

160.0

131.9

15,300

Test 138.

54

26

12

8

24

189.8

.178.0

6,750

*

Coal consumed in producer per horse- 

 power hour (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant 

(pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

 Coal as 

fired.

2.02

1.91

1.72

1.63

2.21

2.09.

1.88

1.77

Test 132.

Dry coal.

1 70

1.69

1.52

1.44

1.95

1.85

1.66

1.57

Combustible.

1.52

1.44

1.30

1.23

1.66

1.57

1.41

1.33

Coal as . 

fired.

1.55

. 1.48

1.32

1.26

1.68

1.61

1.43

1.39

Test 138.

Dry coal.

1.38

1.32

1.18

1.13

1.50

1.44

1.27

1.22

Combustible.

1.21

1.16

1.03

0.99

1.32

1.46

1.12

1.07
TESTS INDIANA. 

Analyses.

133

Coal.

Ash. ..........................

Test 132.

11.53 

34.80 

40. 44 

13.23 

3.11

Test 138.

10.70 

35.58 

42.85 

10.87 

3.06

Gas by volume.

Oxygen(02). ................

Ethylene (Ca BM ............

Test 132.

12.5 

14.9 

12.8 

1.9 

57.5

.0 

.4

Test 138.

10.9 

18.0 

15.2 

1.9 

53. 0 

.0 

.4

INDIANA NO. 14.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 3 at Seelyville, Vigo County, on the 

Vandalia line, was designated Indiana No. 14. The coal, as worked 

at a depth of 90 feet at this place, averages 7 feet 5 inches in thickness.

One sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal, shipped under the 

supervision of F. B. Tough, was used in steaming tests 430 and 431 and 

producer-gas test 131.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3491 was taken 2,400 feet northeast of the shaft, where the coal 

measured 7 feet 5J inches in thickness. Sample 3492 was taken 900 

feet southeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 7 feet 6£ inches 

in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 14.

Proximate:

Ash .............................................

Ultimate:

Ash.............................................

Mine samples-.

3491 

8.70

13.62 

38.21 

41.06 

7.11 

3.28

6,413

11, 543

3492 

7.00

11.46 

37.45 

40.39 

10.70 

5.45

Car 

sample.

3775 

3.70

7.88 

36.85 

41.07 

14.20 

5.14

 5.22

59.75 

.93 

14.76

6,192 

11, 146

Steaming tests."

430.

8.52 

35.99 

41. 10 

14.39 

5.62

4.66 

64.15 

1.00 

8.32 

15.73 

6.14

431.

9.39 

33.58 

36.89 

20.14 

5.47

4.28 

58. 90 

.92 

7.03 

22.23 

6.04

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 
134 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

Indiana No. 14 (run of mine).

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch.... ...................................... . .......

. £ inch to 1 inch. . .................................................

Average diameter. ..............................................

Force of draft:

Above fire. ......................................................

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed ..................

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Coal as fired :

Dry coal:

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

md dry coal..

.......do....

surface per

.......do....

....:.. do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

Test 430.

67.3 

15.4 

8.0 

9.3 

1.68 

9.92 

11, 986

0.69 

.18 

18.89

3.03 

84.9 

6.30

7.35 

8.03 

9.80 

6470

3.85 

4.75

3.52 

4.35

Test 431.

36.9 

18.7 

14.2 

30.2 

1.13 

10.00 

11,021

0.68 

.16 

19.31

3.02 

'840 

6.10

7.09 

7.83 

10.42 

68.61

3.99 

4.92

3. 61 

446

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Indiana No. 14 (run of mine).

Test 131. Size as used, over 1 inch, 50 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 26 per cent; £ inch 

to \ inch, 12 per cent; under \ inch, 12 per cent. Duration ofc test, 50 hours. Average 

electrical horsepower, 189.8. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 154.1. Total 

coal fired, 16,200 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower :

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pound.*).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as

fired.

1.80

1.71

. 1.53

1. 45

1.91

1.81

1.62

1.54

Dry

coal.

1. 66

1.57

1.41

] 34

1.76

1.67

1.49

1.42

Com--

bustible.

1.40

1.33

1. 19

1. 13

1.49

1.41

1.26

1.20

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 7.88

Volatile matter............................. 36.85

Fixed carbon............................... 41.07

Ash......................................... 14 20

Sulphur......................:.............. 5.14

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 9.8

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 20. 4

Hydrogen (H2 ).............................. 14 4

Methane (CH4 ).............................. 2. 2

Nitrogen (N2)............................... 52. 7

Ethylene(CaH4)............................. .5
TESTS INDIANA: 135

INDIANA NO. 15.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 4 at Linton, Greene County, on 

the Southern Indiana Railroad, was designated Indiana No. 15. 

The coal, as worked at a depth of 90 feet at this place, averages 4 

feet 4 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of F. B. Tough, consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in steaming tests 428 and 

429 and producer-gas tests 134 and 137.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3473 was taken 2,000 feet southeast of the shaft, where the coal 

measured 4 feet 7 inches in thickness. Sample 3474 was taken 1,900 

feet northeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 1 inch in 

thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 15. 

Proximate: 

Moisture. .......................................

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Calorific value determined (as received) . -{^'^u8 ' "

Mine samples.

3473 

5.10

13.53 

33.54 

45. 38 

7.55 

.95

6.521 

11,738

3474 

7.80

13.98 

32.57 

46. 35 

7.10 

.96

Car 

sample.

3567 

9.10

13.58 

32.07 

46.20 

8.15 

.91

5.65 

63.53 1.42' 

20.34

6,344 

11.419

Steaming tests."

428.

13.05 

31.34 

46.78 

8.83 

.99

4.75 

72.85 

1.63 

9.47 

10.16 

1.14

429.

12.83 

32.49 

46.45 

8.23 

.97

4.78 

73.45 

1.64 

9.58 

9.44 

1.11

<» Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car samples.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Indiana No. 15 (run of mine).

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

Per electrical horsenower hour. ..................................

.......do....

.......do....

nd dry coal..

.......do....

surface per 

....pounds..

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

...percent..

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

Test 428.

44.6 

21. 2 

12.1 

22.1 

.1.03 

9.7 

13,099

' 0.76 

.14 

20.12

3.41 

95.6 

6.34

7.39 

8.50 

9.71 

62.66

3.83 

4.72

3.33 

4.11

Test 429.

33.9 

19.5 

13.4 

33.2 

.85 

10. 05 

13,207

0.73 

.13 

, 18. 27

3.13

87.9 

6.43

7.49 

8:59 

9.73 

62.81

3.78 

4.66

3.29 

4.06
REPORT U. S. -FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS.

Indiana No. 15 (run of mine).

Size as used:

£ inch to 1 inch........................................................... .....

per cent., 

do

Under J inch. ............................. . ...........................do....

Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas. .............................................

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower 

hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used byproducerplant(pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Test 134.

Coal as 

fired.

1.63 

1.55

1.38 

1.31

1.75 

1. Oi6

1.48 

1.41

Dry coal.

1.44 

1.37

1.23 

1.16

1.55 

1.47

1.32 

1.25

Combustible.

1.30 

1.24

1.11 

1.05

1.39 

1.32

1.16 

1.12

.pounds..

Test 134.

53 

19 

12 

16 

50 

189.7 

144.1 

14,650

Test 137.

48 

20 

11 

21 

50 

193.8 

145.7 

14,050

Test 137.

Coal as 

fired.

1.53 

1.45

1.30 

1.23

1.65 

1.56

1.40 

1.33

Dry coal.

1.35 

1.29

1.15 

1.09

1.46 

1.38

1.24 

1.18

Combus- 

' tible.

1.22 

1.16

1.04 

0.99

1.32 

1.25

1.12 

1.06

Analyses.

Coal.

Tests 134 

and 137.

11,42

34.11

45.82

1.03

-

Gas by volume.

Carbon monoxide (CO) .............

Ethylene (C2H<) .....................

Test 134.

11.2

17.2

15.2

53.8

.4

Test 137.

10.6

18.3

14.9

53.8

.4

INDIANA NO. 16.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 5, at Linton, Greene County, on the 

Vandalia line, was designated Indiana No. 16. The coal, as worked 

at a depth of 95 feet at this place, averages 7 feet 2 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of J. W. Groves, consisted of run-of-mine coal, which was used in steaming tests 426 and 

427 and producer-gas test 130.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3475 

was taken 650 feet west of the shaft, where the coal measured 7 feet 

4 inches in thickness. Sample 3476 was taken 500 feet southeast of 

the shaft, where the coal measured 7 feet in thickness.
TESTS INDIANA. 137

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 16.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate :

Mine samples.

' 3475 

6.00

10.91 

37.86 

42.02 

9.21 

3.16

3476 

8.60

11.51 

36.78 

40.49 

11.22 

4.17

Car 

sample.

' 3564 

5.90

10.30 

36.31 

41.64 

11.75 

4.23-

5.38 

61.00 

1.06 

16.58

6, 232 

11,218

Steaming tests.o

 426.

9.09 

35.20 

43.21 

12.50 

4.77

4.66 

67.02 

1.17 

8.15 

13.75 

5.25

427.

10.09 

33.62 

43.-51 

12. 78 

4.34

4.66 

66.99 

1.17 

8.14 

14.21 

4.83

« Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Indiana No. 16 (run of mine).

Size as used:

Force of draft:

............percent..

................do....

................do....

.................do....

................inch..

per pound dry coal. .

................do....

_T)onnds .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds ... ... ................... ...... ...................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired .... 

Water evaporated from and at 212* F. :

Coal as fired: «

Dry coal:

.............pounds.. 

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

....:........... do....

................do....

Test 426.'

38.0 

21.8 

14.0 

26.2 

0.86 

10.03 

12,350

0.69 

.13 

19.26

3.18 

89.1 

6.47

7.51 

8.26 

9.83 

64.59

3.77 

4.65

3.42 

4.23

Test 427.

27.1 

25.3 

17.0 

30.6 

0.76 

9.0 

12, 328

0.67 

.15 

17.24

2.80 

78.6 

6.30

7.32 

8.14 

9.72 

63.76

3.86

4.77

3.47 

4.29

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Indiana No. 16 (run of mine).

Test 180. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 177.4. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 136.7. Total coal fired, 16,100 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available..... ............ \............................

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine.'. ...............................................

Coal as 

fired.

1.92

1.82

1.63

1.54

Dry coal.

1.77

1.68

1.51

1.42

Combustible.

1.54

1.46

1.31

1.24
138 . REPORT IT. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST Continued. 

Indiana No. 16 (run of mine).

Equivalent used by producer plant '(pounds') .

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available ........ . ....... ....... . . : . . . .

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.06

1.95

1.75

1.60

Dry coal.

1.90

1.80

1.62

1.53

Combustible.

1.66

1.57

1.41

1.33

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture ....................................... 7.79

Volatile matter............................... 32.32

Fixed carbon................................. 44.97

Ash........................................... 11.92

Sulphur....................................... 4.01

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (CQ2)...................... 11. 4

Carbon monoxide (CO).................... 16.8

Hydrogen (1T2)............................ 13.3

Methane (CH4 1.7

Nitrogen (N2)............................. 56.3

Ethylene (C2H.,):.......................... .5

INDIANA NO. 17.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 5 at Bicknell, Knox County, on 

the Vandalia line, was designated Indiana No. 17. The coal, as 

worked at a depth of 190 feet at this place, averages 5 feet 6 inches in 

thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of J. W. Groves, consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in steaming tests 441 and 442, 

coking test 163, and cupola test 148.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3516 

was taken 500 feet northeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 

5 feet 2 inches in thickness. Sample 3517 was taken 250 feet northwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 5'feet 11 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. . 

Indiana No. .1.7.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Calorific value determined (as received) . --re^"^8 ' "

Mine samples.

3516 

6.10

10.60 

38.06 

43.04 

8.30 

3. 69

6,529 

11,752

3517 

6.90

11.87 

36.23 

43.84 

8.06 

4.05

Car. 

sample.

3981 

5.10

' 12. 08 

32.48 

44.42 

11.02 

3.65

.5.34 

60.45 

.89 

18.65

6,117 

11,011

Steaming tests."

441.

9.70 

35.78 

45.63 

8.89 

3.67

4.70 

71.05 

1.04 

9.30 

 9.85 

4.06

442.

12.08 

32.48 

44.42 

11.02 

3.65

4.55 

68.75 

1.01 

9.00 

12.54 

4.15

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
TESTS INDIANA.

STEAMING TESTS.

Indiana No. 17 (run of mine).

139

Size as used:

Force of draft:

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

u. per pound dry coal. .

..................do....

.................... °F..

. --noiinds- .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds. .................... ..... .. ....................'..-.......

Water evaporated front and at 212 °F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

...............pounds..

..................do....

..................do....

......'............do....

..................do....

Test 441.

47.3 

26. 9 

13.0 

12.2 

1.20 

9.88 

12,929

0.75 

.13 

2,545 

19. Cl

3.23 

90.7 

0.41

7.40 

8:26 

9.53 

61.70

3.7) 

4.08

3.42

4.23

Test 442.

10.8 

22.7 

18.0 

42.5 

0.60 

10.13 

12, 524

0.74 

.15 

2,544 

17.98

2.79 

78.2 

5.85

6.83 

7.77 

9.35 

59.91

4.14 

5.11

3. 64 

4.49

COKING TEST.

Indiana No. 17 (run of mine).

Test 168. Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 50 hours. Coal 

charged, 12,050 pounds. Coke produced, 7,200 pounds; 59.75 per cent. Breeze produced, 332 pounds; 2.76 per cent. Total yield, 62.51 per cent. Dark-gray color; 

poor, dense coke; ash and sulphur high.

Analyses.

Ash ....................................................................................

Coal.

10. 57

35. 05

43.77

10.01

3. 76

Coke.

1.65

.07

81. 42

10.20

3. 39

Cupola test of coke made from Indiana vVo. 17 coal ('washed). 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

148

Coke.

Test 

No.

103

Specific 

gravity.

1.92

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

94.44

Materials.

/Coke........

\Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

760

2.

Lbs. 

,00 

560

3.

Lbs. 

60 

560

4.

Lbs. 

00 

560

5. .

Lbs. 

(iO 

560

Total.

Lbn. 

430 

' 3,000
140 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola test of coke made from Indiana No. 17 coal (washed) Continued.

RECORD OF MELT.

test

No.

148

Blast pressure.

On at 

11.17a.m...

Maxi02.

7

running

Min,

11

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,548

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

274

Total.

Lbs.

1,822

Melting.

Time.

Min.

32

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

3,410

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

4.82

Loss.

Per ct.

4.50

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs:

1,043

Coke.

Lbs.

52

SILICON, MANGANESE, ETC.

Cupola 

test 

No.

148

Materials.

Melted iron :

Amount 

used 

(pounds) .

383

Silicon.

Per 

cent.

2.12

1.75

 17.47

Pounds.

38.63

31.88

 0.75

Manganese.

Per 

cent.

0.178

.126

 29.20

Pounds.

3.243

2.296

 .947

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

0.059

.108

+ .049

3.39

Pounds.

1.0750

1.9078

+ .8Q28

12.9837

Content

of coke 

combined 

with iron

melted

(percent).

0.88

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. .........................

2....'......................

3..........................

4..........................

5..........................

6..........................

7............ ..............

8..........................

9..........................

10..........................

Pounds.

. 24

95

101

79

94

108

76

98

78

68

Time 

(a.m.).

11.30

- 11.34

11.34J

11.39

11.39J

11.40

11.41

11.42

11.46

11.461

Ladle No.

11..........................

12..........................

13..........................

14..........................

15..........................

16..........................

17..........................

18..........................

19..........................

Pounds.

' 96

80

73

96

65

68

85

56

108

Time 

(a.m.).

11.47

11 49

11.50

11.54

11.54J

11.55

11.59

12.00

Remarks. Pig iron used from car 27633. Temperature of iron, medium.

INDIANA NO. 18.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 5 at Ayrshire, Pike Courity, on the 

Southern Railway, was designated -Indiana No. 18. The coal, as 

worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 4 feet 9 inches in 

thickness.

Two samples were shipped under the supervision of John W. 

Groves, as follows: Indiana No. 18 A consisted of washed slack 

screened through a J-inch wire-mesh revolving screen, and was used 

in coking tests 158 and 168. Indiana No. 18 B consisted of lump 

coal over a If-inch round shaking screen, and was used in steaming 

tests' 435 and 436 and producer-gas tests 133 and 135.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3525 was taken 3,400 feet south of the opening, where the coal
TESTS INDIANA. 141

measured 4 feet 9 inches in thickness. Sample 3526 was taken 

3,400 feet southwest of the opening, where the coal measured 4 feet 

10 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 18.

Proximate:

Ash ..........................:..................

Ultimate:

Ash .............................................

Calorific value determined (as received).. {g11 "1'^8 ' "

 «*.

Mine samples.

3525 

5.30

12.88 

34.71 

46.27 

6.14 

1.70

6,556 

11,801

3526 

7.40

13.83 

34.24 

45.91 

6.02 

1.41

Car 

sample 

(B).

3801 

3.10

11.13 

35.11 

46.78 

6.98 

1.64

5.65 

66.94 

1.34 

17.45

6,684 

12,031

Steaming tests."

435.

 12.04 

34.09 

46.84 

7.03 

1.65

4.92 

74.22 

1.30 

 9.69 

7.99 

1.88

436.

12.09 

34.10 

47.03 

6.78 

1.37

4.96 

74.72 

1.30 

9.75 

7.71 

1.56

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Indiana No. 18 B (lump).

 -

Size as used:

Force of draft:

..................do....

..................do....

u. per pound dry coal. .

..................do....

......... ..'.... nounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds . .......... . . ..................------------------------.

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired. . Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired.: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. ......................

Dry coal:

...............pounds.. 

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

........ ........pounds.. 

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

Test 

435.

30.4 

17.4 

21.8 

30.4 

0.77 

10.1 

13,545

0.64 

.05 

20.47

3.62 

101.4 

6.70

7.79 

8.85 

9.86 

63.10

3.63 

4.48

3.20 

3.94

Test 

436..

'45.1 

23.5 

12.8 

18.6 

0.97 

9.67 

13, 617

0.73 

.07 

21.85

3.91 

109.7 

6.76

7.89 

 8.97 

10.05 

63.61

3.58 

4.42

3.15 

3.89
142 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS.

Indiana No. 18 B (lump).

Size as used:

Coal consumed in 'producer 'per horsepower hour (povnds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant 

(pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.75

1.67

1.49

1.42

1.88

1.79

1.60

1.52

Test 135.

Dry 

coal.

1.54

1.46

1.31

1.24

1.65

1.57

. 1.40

1.34

Combustible.

1.42

1.35

1.21

1.15

1.52

1.45

1.29

1.23

...do....

...do....

Coal a,s 

fired.

1.55

1.48

1.32

1.26

1.67

1.59

1.42

- 1.35

Test 135.

65

15

8

12

50

196.3

152.6

16,350

Test 133.

Dry 

coal.

1.38

1.31

1.17

,. 1.12

1.48

1.41

1.26

1.20

Test 133.

62

17

9

12

36

194.5

154.7

10,350

Combustible.

1.27

1.21

1.08

1.03

1.37

1.30

1.16

1.11

Analyses.

Coal.

Ash...........................

Test 135.

12.11

34.19

46.87

6.83

1.44

Test 133.

11.13

35.11

46.78

6.98,

1.64

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) ...............

Ethylene(CjH4 )....... ........

Test 135.

10.8

18.6

16.9

2.1

51.3

Test 133.

10.0

1Q 4

16.0

2.1

52.2

.3

COKING TESTS.

Indiana No. 18 A (washed slack).

Test 158.

16

11,800

Test 168.

f. c.

24

12,740

Remarks. Test 158: Charge ashed down about 2 inches and blaze lost. 

Charge ashed down about 3 inches and blaze lost.

Test 168:
TESTS INDIANA. 

Coking analyses of coal.

143

Ash ................................................................................

Tost 158.

15.09

31. 00

46.42

7.43

1.48

Test 1(58.

13.97

30. 97

48.07

6.99

1.49

INDIANA NO. 19.

Bituminous coal from the "Brazil Block top bed," at Diamond, 

Parke County, on the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad, was 

designated Indiana No. 19. The coal, as worked at a depth of 121 

feet at this place, averages 4 feet 4 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of screenings (through H-inch stationary bar screen), and 

was used in steaming test 464 (on briquets) and briquetting test 165*.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3534 was taken 1,200 feet southwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 9 inches in thickness. Sample 3535 was taken 500 feet 

east of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 1 inch in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 19.

Air-dried sample: 

Proximate 

Ash...................................................

UltimateMine samples.

3534 

6.70

13.70 

35. 94 

44.45 

5.91 

2.06

0,028 

11,930

3535 

8.90

13.93 

35. 18 

45.82 

5.07 

1.93

Steaming test 

464.a

9.09. 

34.61 

40.70 

15.60 

3.04

4.34 

' 03.67 

1.13 

10. 30 

17. 10 

3.34

Briquetting test 

105*.&

4315

4.89 

30.53 

44.00 

20. 58 

3.36

4.18 

61. 71 

.1.00 

7.94 

21.04 

3.53

o Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.
144 EEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TEST.

Indiana No. 19 (Renfrew briquets).

Test 464.

Duration of test......................................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel............................................ B. t. u. per pound dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper......................................................... inch water..

Above fire........................................................................... do....

Furnace temperature.................................................................... °F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour.............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour......do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired.......'.................... .pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired..........................................................do....

Per pound of dry fuel.............................................................. do....

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.............;.................................. .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour..................................................... do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated h'orsepower hour.................................................... do....

Per electrical horsepower hour..................................................... do....

7.57

11,930

0.79

.16

2,613

20.86

3.28

91.8

5.92

7.15

7.86

9.62

63.62

3.96

4.88

3.60

4.44

Remarks. Test made on briquets from test 165*, which burned well with short 

flame, making 5.5 per cent of black smoke. Briquets broke enough in burning to 

allow small percentage of fine unconsumed fuel to pass through grate. Ash and 

clinker of dark-gray color, not sufficient to retard draft. Clinker was easily broken 

with hook, but stuck to burning fuel; 33 per cent clinker was formed.

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Indiana No. 19 (raw screenings).

Test 165*. Size as used: Over J inch, 3.6 per cent; TV inch to £ inch, 12.4 per 

cent; ^ inch to TV inch, 20 per cent; ^ inch to ^ inch, 24 per cent; through 

¥V inch, 40 per cent. When made with dry coal and 8 per cent binder briquets 

were hard, with firm surfaces and very rough fracture. With moist coal satisfactory 

briquets were made regardless of percentage of binder used. These briquets had a 

dull-gray color, due to the presence of a large amount of clay. For analyses of briquets see page 143.

Details of .manufacture:

Machine used.......................

Temperature of briquets........°F.

Binder 

Kind...........................

Laboratory No. (see p. 40).....

Amount................per cent.

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted........pounds.

Briquets, average........do...

Heat value per pound 

Fuel as received........B. t. u.

Fuel as fired..............do...

Binder....................do...

Renf. 

131

w. g. p. 

f «3962 

\ 4120

80,000

0.562

9,524

10,710

16,946

Drop test (i-inch screen):

Held.....................per cent.

Passed.:.. v ................ :do...

Tumbler test (1-inch screen):

Held.........................do...

Passed (fines)...............do...

Fines through 10-mesh sieve.do... 

Weathering test:

Time exposed...............days.

Condition.........................

Water absorption:

In 16 days................per cent.

Average for first 5 days..... .do...

Specific gravity (apparent)...........

64.0

36.0

89.0' 

11.0 

91.5

95 

C.

12.6

1.90

1.211

a Binder contained 6 parts No. 4120 and 1 part No. 3962.
TESTS INDIANA. 145

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSs:

'............ .7. do....

...............do....

...............do....

Pitches.

3962

77.79

4120

97.70

Fuel.

3979 

13.10

.97 

1.12

Briquets 

test 165*.

4315 

5.40

7.81 

7.39 

6.90

INDIANA NO. 2O.

Bituminous coal from the " Brazil Block bottom bed," at Brazil, Clay 

County, on the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad, was designated 

Indiana No. 20. This coal, as worked at a depth of 148 feet at this 

place, averages 3 feet 7 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, consisted of screenings through a l|-inch bar screen, and was used in 

washing test 185 and briquetting test 169*.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3536 was taken 800 feet southeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 3 feet 5 inches in thickness. Sample 3537 was taken 600 feet 

northwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 3 feet 8 inches in 

thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indiana No. 20.

Proximate:

Ash. ......................................................

Ultimate:

Ash. ...............................;.......................

Sulphur. ..................................................

Mine samples.

3536 

11.30

15.38 

32.66 

46.08 

5.88 

1.95

"

6.489

11,680

3537 

10.40

15.91 

33.19 

46.05 

4.85 

1.22

Car sample.

3979 

13.10

16.91 

26.85 

38.87 

17.37 

1.89

5.48 

52.97 

1.01 

21.28

5.291

9,524

Briqueting test 

169*.a

'4627

9.67 

35. 75 

47.65 

6.93 

1.40

5.06 

75.14 

1.25 

9.33 

7.67 

1.55

o Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry b asis.

WASHING TEST.

Indiana No. 20 (screenings).

Test 185. Size as used, screenings. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 60,000 pounds. 

Washed coal, 40,000 pounds; 67 per cent. Refuse, 20,000 pounds; 33 per cent. For 

analysis of raw coal used see above (car sample 3979). Washed-coal analysis: Moisture, 16.86; ash, 7.09; culphur, 1.35.

19698 Bull. No. 332 08 10
146 BEPORT TJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Indiana No. 20 (washed screenings).

Test 169*. Size as used: % $ inch to £ inch, 3.0 per cent; ^V inch to YQ- inch, 16.2 per 

cent; ^ inch to -^ inch, 26.6 per cent; through ^ inch, 54.2 per cent. Briquets 

satisfactory when made warm, using 7 per cent binder; surface became soft and easily 

abraded as briquets cooled; were easily handled from machine, but produced high 

percentage of slack in handling afterwards. Fracture was rough and color brighter 

than in briquets from unwashed fuel. For analyses of briquets see page 145.

Details of manufacture:

Machine used.......................

Temperature of briquets...... .°F.

Binder 

Kind...........................

Laboratory No. (see p. 40) ......

Amount...............per cent..

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted........pdunds..

Briquets, average.........do....

Heat value per pound .

Fuel as received........B. t. u..

Fuel as fired........... ..do....

Binder....................do....

Eenf. 

131

f. g. p. 

4318 

4543

7

30,000

0.427

12,994

12,391

1.0,811

Drop test (1-inch screen):

Held......................per cent.

Passed........................do...

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) :

Heid..........................do...

Passed (fines)................. do...

Fines through 10-mesh sieve.. do... 

Weathering test:

Time exposed..............'.. .days.

Condition...........................

Water absorption:. 

In 19 days.................per cent.

Average for first 4 days.......do!..

Specific gravity (apparent)............

39.0

61.0

71.0

29.0

93.8

B.

28.5

4.0

0.903

Extraction analyses.

Air-drving loss. .........................

Extracted by CSa:

Air-dried. ..........................

r

...............do....

...............do....

do

Pitches.

4318

90.42

i

4543

99.66

Fuel.

3979

- 13. 10

.73

.63

Briquets,

test

169*.

4627

7.90

9.12

8.40

8.39

INDIAN TERRITORY. 

INDIAN TERRITORY NO. 2.a

- Bituminous coal from the Hartshorne bed, at Hartshorne, on the 

Rock Island Railroad, was designated " Indian Territory No. 2." The 

coal, as worked from the outcrop and by shafts at this place, averages 4 feet 1 inch in thickness.

. Two samples of coal were shipped, as follows: Indian Territory 

No. 2 B, uninspected, consisted of slack screenings (through a f-inch 

shaking screen) and was used in steaming tests 418, 453 (on briquets), 

and 456 (on briquets); .washing test 176; and briquetting tests 135, 

136, 137, 138, 139, 145, 146, 147, 148*f, 149*, 157f, and 168. Indian 

Territory No. 2 C, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

Consisted of lump coal over a 1-inch shaking screen, and.was used in 

steaming test 455 and briquetting tests 153, 154, 155, and 156. 

Indian Territory Nos. 2 B and 2 C were used (mixed) in steaming 

test 417.

<* For other tests of coal from this mine, made1 during 1904, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261, 1905, 

pp. 39, 67, 81,124,155; and Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48, 1906, pp. 69, 215, 505, 1337, 1439, 1467.'
TESTS INDIAN TEBEITOBYo 147

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Indian Territory No. 2.

Proximate:

Ash.'................

Ultimate:

Steaming tests. »

B.

418.

2.92 

36.14 

52.42 

8.52 

1.98

4.94 

75.63 

1.91 

6.70 

8.78 

2.04

453.

3.29 

35.25 

53.15 

8.31 

1.52

4.93 

76.11 

1.69 

7.11 

8.59 

1.57

456.

2.85 

34.91 

54.03 

8.21 

1.50

4.87 

76.28 

1.71 

7.15 

8.45 

1.54

417 

(Band 

C).

2.88 

35.40 

51.87 

9.85 

1.80

4.89 

74.63 

1.88 

6.61 

10.14 

1.85

455 (C).

2.70 

35.84 

53.40 

8.06 

1.46

4.95 

76.57 

1.79 

6.91 

8.28 

1.50

. Briquetting tests.6

B.

135, 136.

3.61 

33.03 

49. 64 

13.72 

1.76

4.65 

71.08 

1.46 

6.75 

14.23 

1.83

137, 168.

3.85 

34.06 

49.36 

12.73 

1.71

4.54 

73.17 

1.01 

5.60 

13.24 

1.78

145, 146, 

147.

2.87 

35.02 

50.60 

11.51 

1.72

4.48 

73.39 

1.49 

7.02 

11.85 

1.77

139.'

2.80 

35.67 

53.77 

7.76 

1.58

4.91 

75.63 

1.52 

8.33 

7..9S 

1.63

149*.

2.13 

36.97 

54.14 

6. 70 

1.47

5.04 

77.98 

1.78 

6.79 

6.91 

1.50

o Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

b Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Indian Territory No. 2.

Size as used:

Average diameter. ...................... .inch. .

Heating val ue of fuel-. . B . t . u. per pound of dry fuel . . 

Force of draft:

Above fire. .............................. .do. ...

furnace temperature ......................... .°F . .

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed. . 

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as

Water evaporated from and at 212° F..: 

Per pound of fuel as fired. . ............. .do. . . . 

Per pound of dry fuel.................... do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. .... .per cent. . 

Fuel as fired:

Per electrical horsepower hour. ......... .do. . . .

Dry fuel: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. ........ .do. ...

B (slack).

Test 418.

25.5 

. 31.4 

18.6 

24.5 

0.78 

10.05 

13,721

0.63 

.11

18.10

3.39 

95.0

7.81

9.10 

9.38 

10.65 

66.02

3.11 

3.84

3.01 

3.72

Test 453.

See "Remarks" 

(below).

10.05 

. 13,687

0.78 

.17 

2,653

19.93

3.75 

105.1

7.60

9.12 

9.42 

10.80 

66.46

3.10 

3.83

3.00 

3.71

Test 

456 (w.)

See "Re- marks" 

(below).

10.08 

13,856

0.87 

.14 

2,704

21.38

3.80 

106.6

7.23

8.65 

8.90 

10.00 

62.03

3.27 

4.04

3.18 

3.92

B and C.

Test 417.

f 25.2 

27.6 

\ 18.7 

28.5 

I 0.75 

10.15 

13,534

0.58 

.09

17.81

3.23 

90.5

7.57

8.83 

9.09 

10.62 

64.86

3.20 

3.95

3.11 

3.84

C (lump) .

Test 455.

(»)

9.92 

13,957

0.64 

.17 

2,807

19.90

3.34 

93.5

0.82

8.17 

8.39 

9.52 

58.05

3.46 

4.27

3. 37 

4.10

<» See page 148.

Remarks. Test 453 on briquets from test 148*f- Briquets were badly broken up 

from weathering and handling. Fuel burned quickly, with medium flame, intense 

heat, and 4.5 per cent black smoke. Considerable of the slack from the briquets fell 

through the grates. Clinker was thin, dark gray in color, not porous, and stuck to 

the grate.

Test 456 on briquets from tests 138 and 15?t: Briquets from test 138 burned readily, 

with short, yellow flame, intense heat, and"? per cent black smoke. Briquets from 

test 157f burned well until clinker formed over the grate. Best results were obtained 

when briquets were fired whole; 8.5 per cent black smoke. Clinker on both tests was
148 REPORT IT. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

very heavy and of a dark-purple color, and formed in layers. Water thrown into ash 

pit did not prevent clinker from sticking to grate.

Test 455 on briquets from tests 153,154, 155, and 156 (equal parts): Square briquets 

did not give as good results as round ones, owing to holes in the fire, although they 

made less clinker on account of cooler fire; 8 per cent black smoke. Clinker was 

tough, purple in color; formed a thin layer over and stuck to the grate.

WASHING TEST

Indian Territory No. 2 B.

Test 176. Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, slack. Jig used, modified Stewart. 

Raw coal, 38,000 pounds. Washed, coal, 29,060 pounds; 78 per cent. Refuse, 8,940 

pounds; 22 per cent.

Analyses.

Ash:. ..............................................................................

Raw 

coal.

6.27

32.37

47.07

14.29

1.79

Washed 

coal.

6.61

8.27

1.55

BRIQUETTING TESTS. 

Indian Territory No. 2.

Tests 135,-136, 137, 145, 146, 147, 148*], and 168 (coal B, raw slack). There was no 

apparent difference in English briquets with 6, 7, and 8 per cent binder. A small lot 

with 5 per cent binder showed shortage of pitch. Pressure on machine was changed 

during making of Renfrew briquets, as .indicated in tests. All briquets were satisfactory, having sharp edges, hard surfaces, and clean, rough fracture; could be handled 

from machine while warm and .piled 5 feet high without sticking together or crushing. 

For analyses of briquets see page 147 (briquets from test 148*f under "Steaming test 

453").

Details of manufacture:

Temperature of briquets . . .°F. . 

' Binder 

Kind........................ 

Laboratory No. (see p. 40) ... 

Amount. . ........ .per cent. . 

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted. . . .pounds. .

Heat value per pound 

Fuelasreceived.....B. t. u..

Binder............... do.... 

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : 

Held. ........... ..........do....

Fines through 10-mesh sieve,

Weathering test : 

Time exposed. . ......... .days. .

Water absorption:

Average for first 

Test 

135.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3258 

6

11,000 

3.46

12, 400 

12,317

16,373

239 

B.

Test 

136.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3258

7

22, 000 

3.88

12, 400 

12,317

16) 373

74.8

25.2

75.0

239 

C.

Test 

137.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3296 

8

70, 000 

3.77

12, 400 

12, 481

16,427

239 

B.

Test 

145.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3486 

6

16,000 ? >w

12,033 

12,811

16, 241 

81.7

18.3

73.3

26.7

86.5

145 

B.

8.6

1.62

1.151

Test 

146.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3623

7

16, 000

9 fi4

12,033 

12,811

16, 241 

82.8

17.2

79.8

20.2

85.6

145 

A.

10.2

.72

1.133

Test 

147.

185

w.g.p. 

3624 

8

16,000

'} A1

12,033 

12, 811

16, 241 

84.2

15.8

80.8

19.2

75.5

145 

A.

11.4

.84

1.076

Test 

148*f.

149

w.g.p. 

3486 

8

19, 400 

0.515

12,033

19 419

16, 407

f;s ^

41.5

81.0

19 0

95.4

144 

B.

12.9

1.117

Test 

168.

Renf.

149

w.g.p. 

3296 

8

99, 000 

0.508

12, 400 

12,481

16,427

239 

B.
TESTS INDIAN TERRITORY,

Extraction analyses.®

149

Extracted by CSa:

Pitch in briquets as received,

Fuel.

3381 

.1.50

.33 -.32

3472 

3.80

.43 

.41

Briquets.

Tests 

135, 130.

3262 

1.50

4.80 

' 4.72

5.50

Test 

137.

3342

C.32 

7.32

Tests 

145, 146, 

147.

3520 

1.00

8.87 

8.78

10.19

Test 

148*t.

4086 

1.30

6.11 

6.00

6.57

. Test 

168.

3343

8.84 

10.40

a The extraction analyses of the pitches used can be found by referring to page 40.

Tests 138, 139, 149*, and 157} (coal B, washed slack); tests 153,154, 155, and 156 (coal 

C, lump). Tests 138 and 139 were made from the first sample sent to the plant, and 

tests 149* and 157f from the second sample. Excellent briquets were made with 8 

per cent binder. The English briquets showed, the advantage of higher pressure by 

being harder and closer grained and having smoother surfaces and sharper edges. 

Similar differences mark the superiority of these briquets over those from the same 

slack unwashed.

The briquets made from lump coal (C) may be considered as standing in value 

between those made from washed and those made from unwashed slack from the same 

mine; they are identical in appearance.

For analyses of briquets see page 147 (briquets from, tests 138 and 157f under "Steaming test 456," from testa 153, 154, 155, and 156 under "Steaming test 455").

Details of manufacture:

Temperature of briquets . . . ° F . . 

Binder 

Kind. ....................... 

Laboratory No. (see p. 40) . . 

Amount. ......... .per cent. . Weight of 

Fuel briquetted . . . . pounds..

Heat value per pound 

Drop test (1-inch screen) : Held ................. .per cent. .

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : Held. ............. ........do....

Fines through 10-mesh sieve,

Weathering test: 

Time exposed. .......... .days. .

Water absorption:

In 15 days................ do....

Average for first 

12 days. ...... ....... .do....

Test 

138.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3024 

8

16, 000 

3.31

13,562

16,427

88. 9 

11.1

85.0

15.0

79.5

128 

 B.

9.6

1.20

1.097

I

Test 

139.

Renf.

149

w.g.p. 

3296 

' 8

20,000 

0.451

13, 541

16,427

60.0 

40.0

79.0

21.0

90.5

127 

C.

14.7

2.0

1.061

J.

Test 149*. '

Keiif.

149

w.g.p. 

3624

8

40,000 

0.476

13, 707

16, 193

56. 0 

44.0

76^0

24.0

93.7

149 

B.

16.0

2.26

1.024

Test 

157f.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3624 

8

8,000 

3.34

13, 707

16, 193

85.5 

14.5

82.5

17.5

78.1

128 

A.

10.3

1.06

1.096

Test 

153.

185

w.g.p. 

3486 

6

1,000 

3.11

13,630

13,581

16, 407

79.8 

20.2

71.0

29.0

82.3

239 

C.

12.6

0.93

1.070

C

Test 

154.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3486

7

1,000 

3.19

13,630

13, 581

16,407

84.6 

15.4

76.6

23.4

80.6

239 

C.

11.1

1.34

1

Test 

155.

Eng.

185

w.g.p. 

3486 

8

1,000 

3.14

13,630

13, 581

16,407

86.4 

13.6

83.5

16.5

78.4

239 

C.

10.2

1.57

1.088

Test 

156.

14

w.g.p. 

3486 

8

8,000 

0.490

13,630

13, 581

16, 407

70.0 

30. 0

81.5

18.5

90.9

182 

B.

13.5

1.84

1.077
15,0 REPORT U, S, FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7. .

Extraction analyses. a

Extracted by .CSj:

Pitch in briquets, as received,

Ft

3281

n 41

- .41

lei.

3487

4 60

1 06

1.01

B.

Test 139.

. 3896

1.20

7.67

 7.58

8.75

Briquets.

Test 149*.

' 3559

0.5

6.43

C.40

6.22

Tests 

138, 157f.

4108

0.90

6.10

6.04

6.32

C

Fuel.

3657

1.00

Briquets,

lOoto luOj

154,155, 

156.

4099

0.80

5.75

5.70

5.56

'a The extraction analysis of the pitches used can be found by referring to p. 40.

INDIAN TERRITORY NO. 8.

Bituminous coal sent in uninspected, designated Indian Territory 

No. 8, was used in steaming test 437 and washing test 175.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indian Territory No. 8.

Proximate:

Ash...............................

Sulphur. .....:....................

. Steaming 

test 437. a

2.80

35.67

53.77

7.76

1.58

Ultimate:

f) YVfPTl

Ash..............................

Steaming 

test 437. «

4.91

75.63

1.52

8.33

7.98

1.63

o Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TEST.

Indian Territory No. 8 (washed. Renfrew briquets).

Test 437.

Duration of test..................... r ....................../...............'........ .hours.

Heating value of coal........................................... B. t. u. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper...........................................................inch water.

Above fire......................................................................... do...

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour........do...

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.........................................

Water apparently evaporated per ponud of coal as fired............................pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired..........................................................do...

Per pound of dry coal..............................................................do...

Per pound of combustible.........................................................do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................ .per cent.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.

Per electrical horsepower hour.................................................... .do...

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do...

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................'. .........................do...

7.45

13,932

0.70

.05

19.31

3.43

96.0

7.45

10.08

61.62

3.27

4.04

3.18

3.93
TESTS INDIAN' TERBITORY, 151

WASHING TEST. 

Indian Territory No. 8.

Test 175. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 37,600 pounds. Washed coal, 32,300 

pounds; 86 per cent. Refuse, 5,300 pounds; 14 per cent.

Analyses..

Ash. ...............................................................................

Raw 

coal.

3.77

32.65

51.15

13.43

1.79

Washed 

coal.

8.97

8.46

1.56

INDIAN TERRITORY NO. 9.

Semianthracite coal from Panama, on the Kansas City Southern 

Railroad, was designated Indian Territory No. 9.

One sample,. shipped uninspected,'consisted of run-of-mine coal, 

and was used in steaming tests 449 and 450 (on briquets), and briquetting test 167. . 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Indian Territory No. 9.

Proximate:

Ash..................................................................

Ultimate:

Ash...................................:..............................

Calorific value determined (as received) .'.................... .{?f1?ri°s' '

l-D. t. u . . .

Car sample.

4020 

4.50

5.11 

13.65 

73.21 

8.03 

1.18

4.65 

78.37 

1.60 

6.17

7,590

Steaming tests. <*

449.

3:81 

13.62 

76.16 

 6.41 

.1.17

4.39 

84.26 

1.72 

1.75 

6.66 

1.22

450.

4325

3.39 

 17.15 

72.04 

7.42 

1.15

4.23 

82.89 

1.61 

2.40 

. 7.68 

1.19

o Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Indian Territory No. 9 (run of mine).

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Above fire. . .......................

.......................................do....

......................................do....

......................................do....

Test 449. Test 450.

7.5

8.1

12.4 lSeep.152

72.0

0.35

10.2 9.97

14,.682 14, 602

0.77 0.77

.14 .12
152 REPORT TJ, S, FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7,

STEAMING TESTS Continued. 

Indian Territory No. 9 (run of mine).

....... .......°F..

nnnnds

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds............ ...... . ....... . . .................. ....... '

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of combustible. .................................

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ............................

Fuel as fired:

Dry fuel:

............do....

............do....

............do....

............do....

............do....

Test 449.

2, 513 

18.62

3.46 

97.0 

7.51

8.96 

9.3-1 

10.62 

61.24

3.16 

3.90

3.04 

3.75

Test 450.

2,738 

' 18.47

3.65 

102.2 

8.00

9.56 

9.89 

11.10 

65.41

2.96 

3.65

2.86 

3.53

 Remarks. Test 450 on briquets from test 167: Fuel burned with short flame, developing very high temperature and no smoke. A small amount of clinker was formed, 

which did not stick to grates.

BBIQUETTING TEST. 

Indian Territory No. 9 (run of mine).

Test 167. Size as used: Over \ inch, 0.8 per cent; TV inch to \ inch, 3.6 per cent;

 ^ inch to TV inch, 12.6 per cent; -fa inch to ^ inch, 25.2 per cent; through -fa inch, 

57.8 per cent. Excellent briquets made with 7 per cent pitch, which could be reduced 

by increasing pressure of machine. Briquets were hard, with smooth surface and 

glossy, clean fracture; easily handled from machine while hot, but became somewhat 

brittle when cold. For analyses of briquets see page 151 (steaming test 450).

Details of manufacture:

Machine used........................

Temperature of briquets....... °F..

Binder 

Kind............................

Laboratory No. (see p. 40)......

Amount...............per cent..

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted........pounds..

Briquets, average.........do....

Heat value per pound 

Fuel as received........B. t. u..

Fuel as fired.............. do....

Binder....................do....

Renf. 

176

w. g. p. 

4120

7

70,000

0.459

13,662

14,103

17,060

Drop test (1-inch screen):

Held.....................per cent.

Passed....................... do...

Tumbler test (1-inch screen):

Held.........................do...

Passed (fines)................do...

Fines through 10-mesh sieve .do... 

Weathering test:

Time exposed...............days.

Condition.........................

Water, absorption:

In 18 days................per cent.

Average for first 5 days.... .do... 

Specific gravity (apparent)...........

62.5

37.5

82.6

17.5

93.0

31 

B.

16.6

2.62

1.090

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

.....................do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

4120

97.70

Fuel.

4020

4.50

.50

.48

Briquets, 

test 167.

4325

0.90

6.20

6.14

5.83
TESTS KANSAS. 153

KANSAS.

KANSAS 2.«

Bituminous coal from the lower Weir-Pittsburg bed at Yale, Crawford County, was designated Kansas No. 2 B. The coal, as worked at 

a depth of 36 feet at this place, averages 3 feet in thickness.

One sample consisted of slack coal, shipped uninspected, and was 

used in steaming tests (on briquets) 487, 488, and 495; washing tests 

191 and 191a;. and briquetting tests 182*f, 183*, 194*, 195, 199*, 

203*, and 204*.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Kansas No. 2 B. 

Proximate:

Ash.............................

Ultimate:

Car 

sample 

43G1.

8.01 

2&39 

45.22 

20.38 

4.70

Steaming tests."

4S7.

9.43 

29.71 

43.67 

17.19 

4.15

4.28 

66.12 

1.03 

5.01 

18.98 

4.58

488.

4.64 

28.40 

46.56 

20.40 

4.49

5.03 

64.05 

1.20 

3.62 

21.39 

4.71

495.

7.64 

32.49 

51.52 

8.35 

3.60

4.61 

74.58 

1.25 

, 6.62 

9.04 

3.90

Briquetting tests.''

195.

4.23 

32.64 

53.57 

9.56 

3.36

4.81 

76.20 

1.20 

4.34 

9.99 

3. 51

199*

2.78 

31.67 

46.78 

18.77 

4.36

4.35 

66.00 

.96 

4.89 

19.32 

4.78

203.*

2.89 

33.04 

52.26 

11. 81 

3.84

4.32 

72.13 

1.09 

6.33 

12.18 

3.95

204.*

3.20 

33.95 

51. 53 

11. 32 

3.82

4.55 

73.25 

1.12 

5.40 

11.73 

3.95

« Proximate analysis of fuel 'as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

t> Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TESTS.

Kansas No. 2 B (briquets).

.Test 487. Test 488. Test 

495 (w ).

Duration of tost............................'........'............ .hours..

Heating value of fuel.......................B.. t. u. per pound dry fuel..

Force of draft with reference to atmospheric pressure:

Under stack damper..................................... inch water..

Above fire.................................................... do....

Furnace temperature,..............................................°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour.,......pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed......................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212* F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................................do....

' Per pound of dry fuel.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour............................... do....

9.65 

12/193

0.82 

.17

7.70

11,767

0.80 

.17

19.43

3.10

86.8

5.97

7.22

7.97

10.11

63.12

3.92

4.84

3.55

4.38

22.00

3.44

96.6

6.19

7:48

7.84

10.20

64.34

3.78

4.67

3.61

4.45

9.72 

13,811'

0.84

.18

2,862

20.30

3.81

106.8

7.18

8.67

9.39

10.53

65.66

3.26

4.03

3.01

3.72

o For other tests of coal from this mine, made during 1904, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261, 1905, 

pp. 44, 81,125,159, and Prof. Paper U. S. Qeol. Survey No. 48,*1906, pp. 84, 227, 593,1345,1443.
154 REPORT TJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Remarks. Test 487 on briquets from test 182 *f; test 488 on briquets from test 183*. 

English briquets fired whole burned freely with hot fire and 2.5 per cent black smoke. 

Renfrew briquets burned quickly with medium flame, intense heat, and no smoke. 

English briquets made 40 per cent and Renfrow briquets 51 per cent clinker. Clinker 

in both tests was very thick, nonporous, hard to break up, and nearly black in color. 

It did not stick to grates.

Test 495 on briquets from test 194*. Burned freely with short flame, and high 

furnace temperature; without breaking; made 1.5 per cent black smoke; 46 per cent 

clinker; ash contained unburnt, fine coal, due to disintegration of briquets during 

combustion. (Seep. 155.)

WASHING TESTS.

Kansas No. 2 B (slack).

Duration of test. . . . .hours. . 

Jig adjustment:

Speed. ..........r. p. m..

Test 191.

2

Special. 

70 

2J

Test'191a.

3J

Special. 

- 70 

2*

Washed coal ...".. .{ " 'A0"; ' '

Refuse (tons..

Test 191.

23.00 

18.1 

79 

4.9 

21

Test 191a.

39.00 

25.25 

65 

13.75 

35

Analyses.

Sample tested.

Washed coal: 

, Testl91..... .........................

Testl91a.............................

Lab. 

No.

4361

4410 

4518

Moisture.

. 8.01

12.11 

9.53

Ash.

Per 

cent.

20.38

8.88 

10.87 

76.50

Per cent reduction.

i 

56

47

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

4.70

3.72 

3.80 

11.32

Per cent reduction.

21 

19

Float and sink tests.

No. of test.

On raw coal (preliminary) :

2.................................

0

4.................................

On refuse (float)o of test 191: 

1.......... ......... ...............

3.................................

4....... ...........................

Specific 

gravity 

of solution 

used.

1.36

1.41

1.47

1.56

1.35 

1.40 

1.46 

1.53

Percentage of 

float.

To 

refuse.

9 

10 

10 

10

To 

total 

sample.

66 

74 

78 

81

1.94 

2.16 

2.16 

2.16

Sink 

(per 

cent) .

34 

26 

22 

19

Analyses.

Ash.

Per 

cent.

4.48 

5.31 

5.73 

6.18

4.30

5.04

7.53 

7.71

Per 

cent 

reduction.

78 

74 

72 

70

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

2.63 

2.78 

3.19 

3.31

2.58

2.92

3.57 

3.81

Per 

cent reduction. ,

44 

41 

32 

30

Loss of good coal, 2.10 per cent.
TESTS KANSAS. 155

BEiaUETTING TESTS.

Kansas No. 2 B.

Tests 182*, 183*, 199* (raw slack). Size as used: Over £ inch, 1.0 per cent;^ inch 

to £ inch, 4.8 per cent; fa inch to -fa inch, 12.6 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 23.6 

per cent; through fa inch, 58.0 per cent. Briquets showed the same characteristics 

as those made from washed coal, except that they were harder when cold; fracture 

harder and rougher, owing to high ash present. For analyses of briquets see page 153 

(briquetsfrom test 182*f under " Steaming test 487," from test 183* under "Steaming 

test 488").

Tests 194*, 195, 203*, 204* (washed slack}. Size as used: Over£ inch, 0.8 per cent; 

 fa inch to ] inch, 4.8 per'cent; fa inch to fa inch, 12.6 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 

21.4 per cent; through fa inch, 60.4 per cent. Satisfactory English briquets were 

made with 7 per cent binder and Renfrew briquets with 8 and 9 per cent binder; there 

being no apparent difference in these two kinds. All had smooth outer surf ace, were 

well molded, with sharp edges, clean, rough fracture, and did not break in handling 

while warm. After the briquets became cold those with 9 per cent binder showed 

less effect of abrasion than those with 8 per cent binder. Renfrew briquets showed 

deficiency of pressure. For analyses of briquets see page 153 (those from test 194* 

under "Steaming test 495 ").

Details of manufacture:

BinderWeight of 

Fuel briquetted. . ......... .pounds. .

Heat value per poundFuel as fired................... do....

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : 

Held ............................. .do. ...

Weathering test:

Water absorption: 

In 19 days .................... .per cent. .

From raw slack.

Test 

182*f.

Eng. 

158

w.g.p. 

4543

7

40,000 

3.95

10.640 

11,043 

16,969

89.1 

10.9

85.2 

14.8 

71.6

12 

B.

9.2.

1.15 

1.198

Test 

183*.

Renf. 

149

w.g.p. 

4543

7

40,000 

0.482

10, 640 

11,221 

16,969

69.0 

31.0

91.0 

9.0 

94.7

12 

A.

12.6

1.95 

1.170

Test 

199*.

Renf. 

149

w. g. p. 

 4683 

8

68,000 

0.455

10,640 

11,795 

16,637

61.0 

39.0

88.5 

11.5 

97.5

12'.4 

2.23 

1.143

From washed slack.

Test 

194*.

Eng. 

176

w. g. p. 

4543

7

12,000 

3.65

13.243 

12,841 

16,969

84.9 

15.1

80.8 

19.2 

87.2

4 

A.

8.7 

1.35 

1.122

Test 

195.

Eng. 

176

w. g. p. 

4683

7

24,000 

3.61

13,243 

12,982 

16,637

81.4 

18.6

83.5 

16.5 

74.6

3 

A.

9.7 

1.43 

1.105

Test 

203*.

Renf. 

149

w. g. p. 

4683 

8

16,000 

0.441

13,243 

13,012 

16,637

64.0 

36.0

84.5 

15.5 

94.7

13.6 

2.50 

1.044

Test 

204*.

Renf. 

149

w.g.p. 

4683 

9

24,000 

0.417

13, 243 

13, 104 

16,637

52.5 

47.5

80.5 

19.5 

94.3

12.9 

2.23 

1.098

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSa:

Pitch in briquets as received,

Pitches.

4543

99.66

4683

89.31

Fuel.

4361 

6.60

50

.47

4518 

8.20

.59

.54

Briquets.

Test 

182*f.

4374 

7.00

7.12

6.62 

6.21

Test 

183*.

4380 

3.00

6.99

6.78 

6.36

Test 

199*.

6.61 

6.91

Test 

194*.

4422 

6.20

7.14

6.70 

6.30

Test 

195.

4660

6. CO 

6.83

Test 

203*.

4654

7.02 

7.30

Test 

204*.

4655

7.83 

8.21
156 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

KANSAS NO. 6.

Bituminous coal from Jewett, Linn County, on the Missouri 

Pacific Railroad, was designated Kansas No. 6. The coal, as worked 

at a depth .of 88 feet at this place, averages 2 feet 10 inches in 

thickness.

This sample, shipped under the supervision of W. J. Von Borries, 

consisted of lump coal over a l|-inch bar screen and was used in 

making steaming tests 311 and 323; producer-gas test 101; washing 

test 148; coking tests 113 (raw) and 115 (washed); and cupola test 

122 (washed coal)!

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2790 was cut 2,000 feet northeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 2 feet 10 inches in thickness. Sample 2791 was cut 1,200 feet 

northwest of the bottom of the shaft, where the coal measured 2 feet 

3 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Kansas No. G.

Laboratory No .........................

Air-drying loss .............................. .....

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Ash.............................................

Calorific value (as received): 

Determined................... ...... .{calories..

-

Mine samples.

2790 

9.20

11.13 

28.83 

47.44 

12.60 

2.41

2791 

7.60

10.12 

30.25 

46.82 

12.81 

2.66

i

1

i

6,233 

11,219

Car 

sample.

2843 

7.10

9.04 

29.69 

45.55 

15. 72 

3.72

5.01 

60.99 

1.06 

13.50

6,190 

11,142 

6,156

11,081

Steaming tests.®

311.

8.28 

30.33 

45.86 

15. 53 

3.42

4.45 

67.64 

1.18 

' 6.07 

16.93 

. . 3. 73

V

'.

323. '

11.71 

30.23 

47. 61 

10.45 

' 2. 64

4.78 

72.62 

1.26 

6.52 

11.83 

2.99

« Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Kansas No. 6 (lump).

Test 311. Test 

323 (w.).

Size as used:

Over 1 inch..........................................................per cent..

J inch to 1 inch.....................................:.................... .do....

 1 inch to.^.inch..........................................................do....

Under J inch.............................................................do....

Duration of test............................................................hours..

Heating value of coal................................B. t.u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.....'.........................:............. .inch water. 1

Above fire...............................................................do. I..

Furnace temperature..........................................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.................pounds..

42.8

21.4

13.7

22.1

9.98

12,343

0.58

.13

2,313

18.62

 38.7 

25.3 

17.7 

18.3 

7.20

13,135

0.52

.15

2,670

22.34
TESTS KANSAS. 157

STEAMING TESTS Continued. 

Kansas No. 6 (lump).

Equivalent water evaporated per .square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds ...... .......--.- ---......

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired :

Dry coal:

...........do....

...........do....

...........do....

...........do....

...........do....

Test 311.

.2.93 

82.2 

6.03

7.23' 

7.88 

' 9.89 

61.65

1 3.91- 

4.83

3.59 

4.43

Test 

323 (w.)

3.80 

106.6 

6.24

7.53 

8.52 

9.92 

62.64

3.75 

4.64

3.32 

4.10

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Kansas.No. 6 (lump).

Test 101. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 64 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 17 per cent; 

\ inch to % inch, 9 per cent; under J inch,.10 per cent. Duration of test, 13J hours. 

Average electrical horsepower, 198.9. Average b. t. u. gas per cubic foot, 155.2. 

Total coal fired, 4,500 pounds.

. Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer -plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.73

1.66

1.47

1.41

1.84

1.76

1.56

.1.49

Dry coal.

1.56

1.49

1.33

1.27

1.66

1.58

1.41

1.35

Combustible.

1.33

1.27

1, 13

1.08

1.41

1.35

1.20

1.15

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 9.85

Volatile matter............................. 30.19

Fixed carbon............................... 46. 68

Ash......................................... 13. 28

Sulphur..................................... 3.04

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (CDs)....................... 8.2

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 21.0

Hydrogen (H2)................I........'.... 12.7

Methane (CE<)............................. 2.1

Nitrogen (N2).............................. 55. 4

Ethylenc (C2H<).....:...................... .6

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Kansas No. 6 (lump).

Washing test 148. Size as used, crushed to 2-inch. Jig used, Stewart. 

24,000 pounds; washed, 22,000 pounds; refuse, 2,000 pounds.

Raw coal,
158 REPORT U. .S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT 1906-7,

Coking tests.

Total yield .................................

/...do....

........................... -^per cent. . 

fpounds. . .

....... .................... ^per cen^.

Test 113 

(raw) .

I.e.

47

10,000

5,443

54.43 

341

3.41 

57.84

Test 115 

(w.).

f. C.

49

12, 000

6,439

53.66 

299

2.49 

IK i 1;

Remarks. Test 113: Light-gray color; strong, heavy coke; ash and sulphur high. 

Test 115: Light gray and silvery; strong, heavy coke; ash and sulphur reduced by 

washing (compare test 113), but still high.

Analyses.

Ash......................................

Washing

Rawcoal.

9.04

29.69

45.55

15.72

3.72

test 148.

Washed 

coal.

12.63

10.16

 2.47

Coking

Cpal.

8.58

30.27

45.92

15.23

3.47

test 113.

Coke.

1.01

.64

75.07

23.28

3.45

Coking

Coal.

 12.29

30.30

47.21

10. 20

2.63

test 115.

Coke.

0.59

.56

82.78

16.07

2.49

Cupola test of coke made from Kansas No. 6 coal (washed).

CHARGE. "

Cupola 

test 

No.

122

Coke. «

Test 

No.

115

Specific 

gravity.

1.90

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

97.22

Materials.

^Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

180 

540 

180

2.

Lbs. 

63 

428 

143

3.

Lbs. 

63 

428 

143

4.

Lbs. 

62 

427 

142

5.

Lbs. 

62 

427 

142

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola

test . No.

122

Blast pressure.

On at 

8.57 a. ra. ...

Maxi02.

7

rung

Min.

7

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,468

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

230

Total.

Lbs.

1,698

Melting.

Time.

Min.

33

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

3,087

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

5.70

Loss.

Per ct.

6.80

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,098

Coke.

Lbs.

132

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. ...........................

o

4. ...... ....:.....:....... ... 5............................

6.............-..-..---..-...

8

-

9............................

Pounds.

133

111

102

83

100

98

89

103

80

Time 

(a.m.).

9.16

9.16J

9.19$

9.20

9.22

9.22£

9.23

9.23J

9.24.

Ladle No.

10..........................

11..........................

12..........................

13..........................

14..........................

If,.. ........................

16.. ........................

17..........................

Pounds.

80

99

82

61

75

71

47

54

Time 

(a.m.).

9.26

9.27

9.28

9.34

9.35

9.36

9.36J

9.37

a Sulphur in ash, 0.02 per cent.
TESTS KENTUCKY. 159

KENTUCKY.

' . KENTUCKY NO. 2.a

Coke breeze from Earlington, Hopkins County, on the Louisville 

and Nashville Railroad, was designated Kentucky No. 2 B. A 

sample shipped uninspected was used in washing test 143, in briquetting test 102, and mixed with Illinois No. 20 in briquetting tests 103 

and 104 (p. 88).

WASHING TEST. 

Kentucky No. 2 B (coke breeze).

Test 148. Jig used, Stewart. Ash: Raw, 4.6.30 per cent; washed, 26.10 percent 

reduction, 44 per cent.

BRIftUETTING TEST.

Kentucky No. 2 B (coke breeze).

Test 102. Size as used: Over | inch, 10.25 per cent; fa inch to J inch, 31 per 

cent; fa inch to fa inch, 18.75 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 18.55 per cent; through fa 

inch, 21.45 per cent. Machine used, English; temperature of. briquets, 179.6° F. 

Binder: Kind, c. t. p. and w. g. p.; amount, 6 and 7 per cent. Weight of fuel 

briquetted, 50,000 pounds.

Briquets were soft when hot, but on cooling were hard enough to handle satisfactorily. Various mixtures made no apparent difference. All briquets showed coarse 

structure and were easily fractured. Attempted boiler tests were discontinued owing 

to difficulty in maintaining steam. Broken briquets burned better than whole ones. 

For pitch analyses see page 40 (Nos. 2729, 2735, and 2748). All these briquets were 

sent to the Big Four Railway for preliminary locomotive test. The results were 

unsatisfactory.

KENTUCKY NO. 8.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 1 B, or "Bell-coal" bed, at Sturges,. 

Union County, on the Illinois Central Railroad, was designated 

Kentucky No. 8. The coal, as worked at a depth of 40 feet at this 

place, averages 2 feet 8 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of F. B. Tough, consisted of run-of-mine. coal, and was used in steaming tests 434 and 443; 

coking tests 164 and 165; and cupola tests 147, 155, and 156.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3678 

was taken 100 feet north of the opening, where the coal measured 2 

feet 71 inches in thickness. Sample 3679 was taken 60 feet north of 

the opening, where the coal measured 2 feet 9£ inches in thickness.

aFor results of earlier tests of Kentucky No. 2 coal, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261,1905, pp. 

46,81,159; and Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48,1906, pp. 91, 232, 649,1348,1444.
160 REPORT U, S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Kentucky No. 8.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Calorific value determined (as received) . J ^ t"^8

Mine samples.

. 3678 

5.10

7.46 

30.69 

57.25 

4.60 

 .97

7,494

13,489

3679 

5.70

8.09 

30.10 

56.65 

5.16 

1.07

Car sample.

3860 

3.20

5.46 

30.99 

55.63 

7.92 

1.18

5.07 

72.59 

1.19 

12.05

7,355

13,239

Steaming tests, o

434.

5.76 

30.36 

56.21 

7.67 

1.28

4.72 

76.87 

1.26 

7.65 

8.14 

1.36

443.

5.53 

29.68 

57.05 

7.74 

1.10

4.73 

77.01 

1.26 

7.65 

8.19 

1.16

-

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Kentucky No. 8.

,

Size as used:

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper. ....................................

...........*. ...do....

...............do....

...............do....

per pound dry coal. .

........ .inch water. . 

...............do....

o F

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hoar. ................ .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heati ng surface per hour, 

pounds. .......................................... ... .-----....

.Water evaporated from and at 212* F. :

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ......................... 

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. .........................

Dry coal:

................do....

...............do....

...............do....

...........percent.. 

............pounds..

...............do....

...............do....

Test 434.

29.9 

23.4 

15.6 

31.1 

0.77 

9.1 

14,026

0.66 

.05

19.65

3.57 

100.0 

7.35

8.56 

9.08 

10.12 

62.52

3.30 

. 4.08

3.11 

3.84

Test 443.

27.7 

20.6 

15.4 

36..3 

0.80 

9.72 

14,044

0.79 

.14 

 2,778 

20.12

. 3.71 

104.1 

7.44

8.73 

9.24 

10.36 

63.54

3.24 

4.00

3.06 

3.78

COKING TESTS.

Kentucky No. 8.

Total yield. . ........................................

/...do....

.................... ^per cent 

(pounds. . .

................... -|per cent. .

Test 164.

f. c.

49

12, 450

7,200

57.83 

371

2.98 

60.81

Test 165.

f P

51

12,840

7,845

61.10 

361

2.81 

63.91
TESTS KENTUCKY. 161

Remarks. Test 164: Gray color, with a little silvery deposit of carbon; breakage 

regular-sized pieces;, cell structure large. Test 165: Gray color, with a little 

silvery deposit of carbon; breakage good, large pieces of regular size; cell structure 

large. Some improvement over test 164; yield somewhat higher, with increase in 

ash and sulphur.

Analyses.

Volatile matter. ..............................................

Ash ...........................................................

Test 164.

Coal.

4.97 

30.87 

56.66 

7.50 

1.23

Coke.

0.50 

.65 

87.96 

10.89 

.93

Test 165.

Coal.

5.49 

30.36 

55.49 

8.66 

1.27

Coke.

0.47 

.50 

86.10 

. 12. 93 

1.14

Cupola tests of coke made from Kentucky No. 8 coal. 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

147 

155 

156

Coke.

Test 

No.

104 

164 

164

Specific 

gravity.

1.90 

1.90 

1.90

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

6 

8

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

97.22

93.05 

93.06

Materials.

Coke.......

Pig iron.... 

Coke.......

Pig iron. . . . 

Coke.......

Pig iron....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

200 

800 

210 

840 

200 

800

2.

Lbs. 

58 

550 

73 

540 

44 

550

.3.

Lbs. 

58 

550 

73 

540 

44 

550

4.

,Lbs. 

57 

550 

72 

540 

44 

550

5.

Lbs. 

57 

550 

72 

540 

43 

550

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

3,000 

500 

3,000 

375 

3,000

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

147

155

156

Blast pressure.

On at 

3.30p.m.....

3.40p.m..0...

10.56a.m.....

MaxiOz.

1

1

7

running

Min.

11

8

11

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,556

2,101

2,124

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

403

361

203

Total.

Lbs.

1,959

2,462

2,327

Melting.

Time.

Min.

31

38

32

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

3,791

3,887

4,551

Ratio 

iron

to 

coke.

5.53

5.85

7.94

Loss.

Per ct.

4.70

5.93

5.80

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

900

360

499

Coke.

Lbs.

76

79

82

SILICON, MANGANESE, ETC.

Cupola

test 

No.

147

155

156

Materials.

Melted iron:

Amount. .

Gain or loss..

Coke.............

Melted iron:

Gain or loss. .

Coke.............

f Pig iron..........

Melted iron:

Amount. .....

Gain or loss'. .

Coke.............

Amount

used 

(pounds)

362

429

301

Silicon.

Per 

cent.

2.12

1.80

-15.12

2.12

1.72

-18.85

2.12

1.82

-14.15

Pounds.

41.53

35.26

-.6.27

0 52.19

42.35

- 9.84

49.33

42.35

- 6.98

Manganese.

Per 

cent.

0.178

.096

-46.06

.178

.123

-30.90

.178

.111

-37.64

Pounds.

3.487

1.881

-1.606

4.382

3.028

-1.354

4.142

 2.583

-1.559

Sulphur.

Per 

' cent.

0.59

067

+.008

.93

.059

079

+ .020

93

.059

.083

+ .024

.93

Pounds.

1. 1558

1.3125

+ .1567

3. 3666

1. 4526

1.9450

+ .4924

3.9897

1.3729

1.9314

+ .5585

2.7993

Content

of coko

combined 

with 

. iron

melted

(per

cent) .

| 4.65

12.37

19.95

19698 Bull, No. 332 08 11
162 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola tests of coke made from Kentucky No. 8 coal Continued.

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle 

No.

1. ...

2. .. 

3. . 

4. . 

5. . 

G. .

7. .

8. .

9. .

10 .

11

12.. ..

13.. ..

Tes

Pounds.

86 

86 

40 

72 

91 

94

67

102

98

88

84

94

168

t 147.

Time 

(p.m.).

3.47 

3.47* 3.48* 

3.52 3.521 

3.53

3.56.

3.56J

3.57

4.03

4.03$

4.04

 4. 04*.

Tes

Pounds.

67 

.97 

39 

81 

113 

85

87

103

90

79

108

84

75

t 155.

Time 

(p.m.).

3.54 

3.57 

3. 57*. 

4.00 

4,01 

4.03

4.03*.

4.04

4.07

4.07*.

4.08

4.11

4.114.

Tes

Pounds.

32 

94 

.82 

70 

102 

100

70

101

102

59

104

92

77

t 156.

Time 

(a. m.).

11.10 

11.13 

11. 13J 

11.18 

11. 184 

11.19

11.22

11. 22*.

11.23

11.24

11. 24*

11.27

11.27*.

Ladle

No.

14.... 

15. . . . 

16.... 

17.... 

18.... 

19....

20....

21....

22...

23....

24....

25....

26....

Tes

Pounds.

86 

90 

84 

82 

44

t 147.

Time 

(p. m.).

4.08 

4.08*. 

4.09 

4.11 

4.12

Tes

Pounds.

106 

85 

81 

105

76 

76

104

66

64

85

65

55

25

t 155.

Time 

(p.m.).

4.12 

4.14 

4.144 

4.15 

4.17 

4.17*

4.18"

4.23

4.23*.

4.24

4.25

4 O^l

4.26

Tes

Pounds.

107 

94 

91 

.93 

89 

102

100

85

100

103

75

t 156.

Time 

(a. m.).

11.28 

11.29 

11. 294 

11.30 

11.32 

11. 324

11.33

11. 36

11.364

11.37

11.39

Remarks. Tests 147, 155, 156: Pig iron used from car 27633; temperature of iron, 

medium.

KENTUCKY NO. 9.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 9, at McHenry, Ohio County, on the 

Illinois Central Railroad, was designated Kentucky No. 9. The coal, 

as mined at a depth of 50 feet at this place, averages 4 feet 6 inches in 

thickness.

Two samples were shipped under the supervision of K. M. Way, as 

follows: Kentucky No. 9 A consisted of nut coal through a 1^-inch 

screen and over a f-inch screen, and was used in washing test 182, 

coking test 167, and cupola tests 149, 162, and 163. Kentucky No. 9 B 

consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in steaming test 462.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3722 

was taken 200 feet north of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 

6 inches in thickness. Sample 3723 was taken 550 feet north of the 

shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet 5f inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Kentucky No. 9.

Proximate:

Ash........................................................

Ultimate: ' 

OwfPTl

Mine samples.

3722 

.3.30

10.03 

36.06 

46.24 

7.67 

2.56

 6,709 

12,076

3723. 

2.90

9.89 

35.70 

45.72 

8.69 

2.45

6,626 

11, 927

Car sample (A).

3865 

3.50

8.70 

35.00 

47.34 

8.96 

3.14

5.61 

65.63 

1.20 

15.46

6,710 

12,078

Steaming 

test 462.o

8.04 

32.63 

49.28 

10.05 

2.9?

4.83 

71.12 

1.45 

8.44 

10.93 

3.23

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from'car sample.
TESTS KENTUCKY. 163

STEAMING TEST. 

Kentucky No. 9 B.

Test 462.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch...'................................................................. .per cent.

4 inch to 1 inch.......... ............................................................do...

| inch to i inch..................................................................^.. do...

Under i inch....................................v..................................do...

Average diameter................................................................. .inch.

Duration of test......................................................................hours.

Heating value of .coal ........................................... B. t. u. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper......................................................... inch water.

Above fire.......................................................................... .do...

Furnace temperature.................................................................... °F.

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... .do...

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...........................pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212s F.:

Per pound of coal as fired..........................................................do...

Per pound of dry coal..............................................................do...

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do...

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do...

Per electrical horsepower hour.................................................... .do...

32.3

26.4

16.6

24.7

0.83

10

13,084

0.70 

.19 

2,742 

21.48-

3.69 

103.5

6.55

7.92

8.61

9.97

63.55

3.57

4.41

3.28

4.05

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Kentucky No. 9 A (nut).

Washing test 182. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 19,125 pounds; washed coal, 15,698 

pounds, 82 per cent; refuse, 3,427 pounds, 18 per cent.

Coking test 167. Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 51 hours. 

Coal charged, 12,190 pounds. Coke produced, 6,360 pounds, 52.17 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 309 pounds, 2.54 per cent. Total'yield, 54.71 per cent. ; Light "gray and 

silvery; fine-fingered coke; high in sulphur; good coke.

Analyses.

Washing test 182.

Raw. 

coal.'

8.70 

35.00

47 Id

8.96 

3.14

Washed 

coal.

9.09

7.22 

2.61

Coking test 167.

Coal.

9.12 

35.42 

47.88 

7.58 

2.58

Coke.

 1.01 

.69 

86.46 

11.84 

1.96

Cupola tests of coke made from Kentucky No. 9 A'coal (washed).

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

149 

' 162 

163

Coke.

Test

No.

107 

167 

167

Specific 

gravity.

1.86 

1.86 

1.86

Ratio, 

iron to 

coke.

7 

8 

6

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per cl. 

95. '83

94.44 

/ 

98.61

Materials.

Pig iron... .

Pig iron... .

Pig iron... .

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

170 

680 

170 

680 

 190 

760

2.

Lbs. 

65 

580 '52 

580 

78 

560

3.

Lbs. 

65 

580 

51 

580 

78 

560

. 4.

Lbs. 

65 

580 

51 

580 

77 

560

5.

Lbs. 

65 

580 

51 

580 

77 

560

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

3, 000 

 375 

3,000 

500 

3,000
164 EEPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola tests of coke made from Kentucky No. 9 A coal (washed) Continued.

RECORD QF MELT.

test 

No.

149

. 162

163

Blast pressure.

Onat 

-

3.08 p. m....

10.45 a. m:..

3.35 p. m ....

Maxi02.

7

7

7

Iron

running

Min.

9

10

10

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

2,282

2,161

2,230

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

228

356

123

Total.

Lbs.

2,510

2,517

2,353

Melting.

Time.

Min.

28

32

42

Ratio 

per

hour.

Lbs.

5,378

4,719

3,361

Ratio, 

iron to

coke.

6.66

7.70

5.00

Loss.

Per ct.

8.0

5.47'

2.97

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

250

319

558

Coke.

Lbs.

53

48

29

SILICON, MANGANESE, ETC.

Cupola 

test 

No.

149 

162 

163

Materials.

Melted iron:

Coke..............

Melted iron:

Coke..............

Melted iron:

ICoke..............

Amount 

used 

(pounds).

383

332

474

Silicon.

Per 

cent.

2.12

1.83 

-13.68

2.10

1.76 

-16.19

2.10

1.73

-17.61

Pounds.

53.21

45.93

- 7.28

52.86

 44.30 

- 8.56

49.41

40.71 

- 8.70

Manganese.

Per 

cent.

0.178

133 

-25. 29

.163

.120 

-26.39

.163

.096 

-41.09

Pounds.

4468

3.338 

-1.130

4.103

3.020 

-1.083

3.835

2.259 

-1.576

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

0.059

.079 

+ .020 

1.96 

.098

.118 

+ .020 

1.96 

.098

.135 

+ .037 

1.96

Pounds.

1. 4809

1. 9829 

+ .5020 

7.5068 

2. 4667

2. 9701 

+ ..5034 

6. 5072 

2. 4059

3. 1765 

+ .7706 

9. 2924

Content 

of coke 

combined 

with iron 

melted 

(per 

cent) .

6.69 

7.73 

8.29

LADLE RECORD.

No.

1.....

2.....

3.....

4...:.

5.....

6.....

7.....

8.....

9.....

10.....

11.....

12..'...

13.....

Test 149.

Lbs.

90

50

78

96

69

88

102

118.

91

100

115

79

98

Time 

(p.m.).

3.23

3. 23*

3.25

3.25*

3.26

3.28

3.28*

3-29

3.31

3.31*

3-32

3-33

3-33*

Test 162.

Lbs.

84

96

105

96

80

101

89

82

97

82

83

93

88

Time 

(a.m.).

H. 00 .

11.03

11.03*

11.04

11.07

11.07*

11.08

11.09

11. 09*

11.11

oil. 11*

11.12

11.14

Test 163.

Lbs.

66

114

110

103

30

128

96

97

100

91

126

100

100

Time 

(p.m.).

3.49

3.51

3.54

3.55

3.55J

 4.02

4.02A

4.03

4.07

4.07*

4.08

4.11

4.11*

No.

14....

15...-

16....

17...-

18...-

19..-.

20...-

21 ....

22....

23....

24....

25....

Test 149.

Lbs.

106

83

96

110

83

104

102

78

97

97

67

85

Time 

(p.m.).

3.34

3.35

3.35*

3.36

3.37

3.37*

3.39

3.39*

3.40

3.41

3.43

3.45

Test 162.

Lbs.

84

100

80

86

96

126

69

' 79

66

130

69

Time

(a.m.).

11.14*

11.15

11.18

11. 18*

11.19

11.23

11. 23*

11.24

11.25

11.26

11.27

Test 163.

Lbs.

136

86

95

130

90

148

98

88

98

Tim)e 

(p.m..

4.12

4.17

4.17*

4.18

4.24

4.24*

4.25

4.20

4.27

Remarks. Test 149: Pig iron used from car 27633. Iron hot. Tests 162 and 163: 

Pig iron used from car 131943. Temperature of iron, medium. - .
 MARYLAND. 165

MARYLAND. 

MARYLAND NO. 2.

Bituminous coal from the Big vein or Pittsburg bed at Frostburg, 

Allegany County, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was designated Maryland No.^2. The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this 

place, averages 8 feet 10 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal'and was used in steaming tests 490, 493 

(on briquets), and 518 (on briquets),and briquetting tests 1.91,192,193,

and 231f.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

4334 was taken 6,600 feet southwest of the opening, where the coal 

measured 9 feet 4 inches in thickness. Sample 4335 was taken 4,500 

feet south of the opening, where the coal measured 8 feet 3f inches 

in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Maryland No. 2.

Proximate:

Volatile matter . 

Fixed carbon.... 

Ash.............

Mine samples.

4334 

2.00

2.54 

18.23 

73.09 

6.14

.87

4335 

1.80

2.47 

18.17 

73.06 

6.30 

.79

 Steaming tests.o

490.

2.35 

16.97 

72.53 

8.15 

.76

493.

4415

6.83 

19 71 

66.01 

7.45 

.86

518.

4767

4.21 

20." 71 

68.54 

6.54 

.94

'

Ultimate:

O YVfpn

Ash............

Steaming tests."

490.

4.44 

82. 18 

1.48 

' 2.77 

8.35 

.78

493.

4.33 

81.52 

1.79 

3.44 

8.00 

.92

518.

4.61 

83.26 

1.64 

2.68 

6.83 

" .98

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Maryland No. 2.

Size as used:

£ inch to 1 inch. . ....................................

Under £ inch .........................................

Average diameter ....................................

Duration of test .........................................

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper ................................. 

Above fire. ..

.........do....

.........do....

>und dry fuel..

..inch water..

... . .do ...

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour. . ..... .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour.............. . . . nnnnrls

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired . Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

Per pound of fuel as fired. ...........................

Per pound of dry fuel .................... ...........

Per pound of combustible. .............. ...........

Efficiency of boiler, including grate... ........ ...........

Fuel as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. .....;................

Per electrical horsepower hour. .....................

Dry fuel: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. ......................

Per electrical horsepower hour .......................

.......pounds.. 

.........do....

.........do....

.........do....

.........do....

.........do....

.........do....

Test 490.

17.4 

20.8 

20.2 

41.6 

.60 

9.63 

14,515

0.83 

.22 

20.12

4.06 

113.9 

8.16

9.87 

10.11 

11.24 

67.26

2.87 

3.54

2.80 

3.45

Test 493.

Seep.166.

10.00 

14, 576

' 0.85 

.21 

21.13

4.32 

121.2

7.87

9.52 

10.22 

11.35 

67. 71.

2.97 

3.67

2.77 

3.42

Test 518.

Seep,. 166.

5.42 

14,717

0.29 

.16 

22.81

2.44 

68.4 

8.45

10.25 

10.70 

12.23 

70.21

2.76 

3.41

2.64 

3.26
166 REPORT tJ, S, FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1006-1

Remarks. Test 493 on equal weights of briquets from tests 191, 192, and 193; test 

518 on briquets from test 231f; grate area reduced to 20.3 square feet. Square briquets 

were fired whole, burned freely, with intense heat, and no smoke. Bed more uniform 

with round briquets and temperature higherj.no smoke. Square briquets made 56 

per cent clinker; round briquets made 47 per cent clinker.

BRIftUETTING TESTS.

Maryland No. 2 (run of mine).

Tests 191, 192, 193, 231^. Size as used: Over £ inch, 2.2 per cent; ^ inch to £ inch, 

9.8 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 26 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 28.2 per cent; through 

fa inch, 33.8 per cent. Various proportions of binder (5, 6, and 7 per cent) made 

. equally good briquets on English machine. Briquet surfaces were smooth, firm, with 

characteristic glossy fracture, and sharp edges. Renfrow briquets were satisfactory, 

but owing to faulty operation in heater best results were not obtained. Excellent 

briquets can be made from this coal with 5 per cent of binder. For analyses of briquets see page 165.(briquets from test 191, 192, and 193 under "Steaming test 493," 

trom test 231f under " Steaming test 518 ").

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind...........................

Weight of 

Heat value per poundDrop test (1-inch screen) : 

Held................................

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) : Held............................:...

Fines through 10-mesh sieve. .......

Weathering test:

Water absorption:

............. .....°F..

............percent..

......?.... ..pounds..

.......... ...... do....

............!. B.tu..

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

Test 191.

Eng.

185

w.g.p.

4543

5

4,000

3.35

14,162

13,581

16,969

75.9

21.1

74.0

26.0

75.6

5

A.

11.9

1.45

1. 118

Test 192.

Eng.

185

w. g. p.

4543

6

4,000

3.32

14,162

13,581

16,969

.79.3

20.7

78.2

21.8

77.8

5

A.

15.6

1.85

1.076

Test 193.

Eng.

185

w. g. p.

4543

7

4,000

3.47

14,162

13,581

16,969

82.5

17.5

80.2

19.8

63.0

5

A.

10.5

1.30

1.143

Test 231f.

Renf.

131

w. g. p.

4806

8

17,000

0.453

14,162

14,098

16,864

24.0

'76.0

66.5

33.5

85.0

14.4

2.25

1.071

Extraction analyses.

*

Extracted by CS2 :

Pitches.

4543

99.66

Fuel.

4806

96.90

4335 

1.80

.21 

.20

Briquets.

Tests 

191, 192, 

193.

4415 

6.00

5.77 

5.42 

5.25

Test 

231f.

4767 

. 3.40

7.88 

7.61 

7.69
TESTS MISSOURI.

MISSOURI,

MISSOURI NO. 5.

Bituminous coal from Higbee, Randolph County, on the Chicago 

and Alton Railroad, was designated Missouri No. 5. The coal, as 

worked at a depth of 170 feet at this place, averages 3 feet 10 inches 

in thickness.

This sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in steaming tests 319 and 

320, washing test 149, coking test 116 (washed coal), and cupola test 

123.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2795 

was cut 3,400 feet northwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 3 

feet 10 inches in thickness. Sample 2796 was cut 5,000 north of the 

shaft, where the coal measured 3 feet 10 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Missouri No. 5.

Proximate:

Ash ............................................

Ultimate: 

U v cl r OECH

O YVPTTl

Calorific value (as received): 

Determined.. .................... ....W* *-' IB. t. U.. .

Mine samples.

2795 

10.-80

13.38 

. 34. 17 

42.43 

10.02 

4.48

6,158 

11,084

2796 

11.50

13.89 

33.36 

41.23 

11.52 

4.19

Car 

sample.

2865 

11.40

12.92 

33. 64 

39.82 

13.62 

5.03

5.43 

57.16 

.90 

17.86

5,860 

10, 548 

5,834

10,501

Steaming tests.o

319.

13. 37 

31. 46 

39.78 

15.39 

5.35

4.43 

63.53 

1.01 

7.90 

17.76 

6.18

320.

12.24 

31. 55 

40.10 

1C. 11 

5.33

4.40 

63.13 

1.00 

7.04 

18.36 

6.07

» Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Missouri No. 5 (run of mine). '

Test 319. Test 320.

Sizo as used:

Over 1 inch..........................................................per cent..

£ inch to 1 inch..........................................................do....

| inch to J inch..........................................................do....

Under i inch............................................................. do....

Duration of test............................................................hours..

Heating value of coal................................. B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.............................................. .inch water..

Above fire ...............................................................do....

Furnace temperature..........................................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour....................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per 

hour....................................................................pounds..

23.5

22.9

19.3

34.3

9.63

11,747

0.61

.22

2,308

18.64

2.79

20.1 21.0- 

18.8 

40.1 

8.35 

11,668

0.73 

.34

22.24

3.38
168 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS Continued. 

Missouri No. 5 (run of mine).

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired ........

Water evaporated from and at 2126 F: 

Per pound of coal as fired ......................

Per pound of dry coal .......................................

Coal as fired :

Dry coal:

.........pounds..

............do....

............do....

............do....

............do....

............do....

Test 319.

87.1

5.39

6.49

7.49

9.36

61.57

4. 36

5.38

3.77

4.66

Test 320.

94.7

5.54

6.67

7.60

9.60

62.90

4.24

5.24

3.72

4.59

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Missouri No. 5 (run of mine).

Washing test 149. Size as used, crushed to 2-inch. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 

15,300 pounds; washed coal, 12,900 pounds; refuse, 2,400 pounds.

Coking test 116. Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 33 hours. 

Coal charged, 10,000 pounds. Coke produced, 4,903 pounds; 49.03 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 299 pounds; 2.99 per cent. Total yield, 52.02 per cent. Light gray and 

silvery. Washing does not sufficiently reduce ash and sulphur; too high in sulphur 

for metallurgical purposes.

Analyses.

«

Ash...........................................................

Washing test 149.

Raw coal.

12.92 

33.64

39.82

13.62 

5.03

Washed 

coal.

13.93

9.08 

3.62

Coking test 116.

Coal.

13.68 

34.82 

42.26 

9.24 

3.60

Coke.

1.12 

.73 

82.64 

15.51 

3.40

Cupola test of coke made from Missouri No. 5 coal (washed}.

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

123

Coke.

Test 

No.

116

Specific 

gravity.

1.88

Ratio 

iron to 

coke^

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

92.36

Materials.

(Coke........

i. Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190

2.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140

4.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140

5.

Lbs. 

.60 

420 

140

Total,

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

123

Blast pressure.

On at 

3.16p.m.

Maximum.

Oz.

7

running in 

Min.

 5

Weight of iron.

Poured

Lbs.

1,964

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

423

Total.

Lbs.

2,387

Melting.

Time.

Min.

34

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

4,212

Ratio 

iron 

to 

coke.

6.25

Loss.

Per ct.

9.06

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

341

Coke.

Lbs.

48
TESTS MISSOURI. 169

Cupola test of coke made from Missouri No. 5 coal (washed) Continued. 

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. ...........................

2............................

3............................

4............................

5............................

0. ...........................

7............................

8............................

9. ...........................

10...........................

11...........................

19

13

14.................;.........

15.........'..................

Test 123.

Pounds.

67 

85 

81 

54 

53 

92 

02 

CO 

69 

51 

63 

60 

79 

91 

62

Time 

(p.m.).

3.29 

3.33 

3.34 

3.37 

3.37£ 

3.38 

3.39 

3.40 

3.41 

3.42 

3. 43 

3.43i 

3.44 

3.45 

3.45^

Ladle No.

16..........................

17..........................

18..........................

19..........................

20..........................

21..........................

22..........................

23..........................

24..........................

25..........................

26..........................

27..........................

28..........................

29..........................

Test 123.

Pounds.

58 

70 

94 

59 

45 

90 

70 

56 

90 

45 

69 

92 

52 

39

Time 

(p.m.).

3.' 46 

3.46J 

3.47 

3.48 

3.48J 

3.49 

3.50 

3. 51 

3.52 

3. 52J 

3.53 

3.54 

3. 54J 

3.55

Remarks. Test 123: temperature of iron, medium. 

MISSOURI NO. 6.

Bituminous coal from a mine 1 mile east of Huntsville, Randolph 

County, on the Wabash Railroad, was designated Missouri No. 6. 

The coal, as worked at a depth of 77 feet at this place, averages 3 feet 

8 inches in thickness. This sample, shipped under the supervision 

of John W. Groves, consisted of lump coal over a 6-inch bar screen, 

and was used in making steaming tests 326 and 327. This sample 

was also allotted to be used in washing test 155, but the coal was 

burned in the fire at the plant.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2817 

was cut 900 feet north of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 feet in 

thickness. Sample 2818 was cut 4,000 feet southwest of the shaft, 

where the coal measured 3 feet 6 inches in thickness:

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Missouri No. 6.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined. ........................ .I 1 ?*" l-t>, I. U . . .

Calculated from ultimate analysis . . .{g11^^ -

Mine samples.

2817 

11.80

14.01 

33.49 

42.21 

10.29 

5.23

6,128 

11,030

2818 

8.60

11.38 

37.10 

43.07 

8.45 

3.57

...... .\ ..

Car sample.

2904 

11.60

13.80 

34.29 

' 40.17 

11.74 

5.60

5.48 

. 58.09 

.96 

18.13

5,998

10,796 

5,926 

0,667

Steaming tests. °

326.

13.73 

32.82 

39.96 

13.49 

6.05

4.44 

65.24 

1.08 

6.59 

15.64 

7.01

327:

12.93 

34.21 

41.63 

11.23 

5.31

4.65 

68.33 

1.13 

6.89 

12.90 

6.10

o Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis oi dry fuel figured from car sample.
170 REPORT 17..S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

Missouri No. 6 (lump).

Test 326. Test 327.

Size as used:

Over 2 inches........................................................per cent............ 25.7

2 inches to 1£ inches..................................................... do.............. 27.4

Over 1 inch.............................................................. do.... 36.5 ..........

J inch to 1£ inches.....................................\....^............ do.... ......... 1 19.2

£ inch to 1 inch..........................................................do.... 23.3 ..........

J inch to J inch.......................................................... do.... 16.6 12.0

Under i inch................/........................................... .do.... 23.6 15.7

Duration of test............................................................hours.. 9.92 10.03

Heating value of coal.................................. B. t. u. per pound dry coal.. 12,155 12, fi77

Force of draft: '.

Under stack*damper..............................................inch water.. 0.73 0.75

Above fire.....:........................................................ .do.... .19 .18

Furnace temperature..........................................................°F.. 2,476 2,561

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour..................pounds.. 21.82 23.06

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds ............................................................................ 3.47 3.66

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed................................ 97.4 102.7

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired................. pounds.. . 5.71 5.75

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Per pound of coal as fired............................................... do.... 6.88 6.93

Per pound of dry coal................................................... do.... 7.98 7.96

Perpound of combustible...............................................do.... 9.64 . 9.30

Efficiency of boiler, including grate......................................per cent.. 63.40 60.64

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.......................................pounds.. .4.11 4.08

Per electrical horsepower hour.......................................... do.... 5.08 5.04

_>rycoal:

Per indicated horsepower hour..........................................do.... 3.54 3.55

Per electrical horsepower hour........................................... do.... 4.38 4.39

MISSOURI NO. 7.

Bituminous coal from a mine one-half mile northwest of Novinger, 

Adair County, on the Quincy, Omaha and Kansas City Railroad, 

was designated Missouri No. 7. The coal, as worked at a depth of 

88 feet at this place, averages 3 feet in thickness. This sample, 

shipped under the supervision of W. J. Von Borries, consisted of two 

lots of coal No. 1 nut, designated Missouri 7 A, used in steaming 

tests 329 and 330 and washing test 152, and No. 2 nut, designated 

Missouri No. 7 B, used in steaming test 332 and washing test 153. 

This sample was also allotted to be used in washing test 154, but the 

coal was burned in the fire at the plant.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. "Sample 2823 

was cut 1,700 feet northeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 

3 feet 3 inches in thickness. Sample 2824 was cut 1,750 feet south 

of the shaft, where the coal measured 3 feet in thickness. .
TESTS MISSOURI. . 171

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Missouri No. 7.

Air-drying loss. ..................... 

Proximate:

Ash.............................

Sulphur. ........................

Ultimate:

O YVfPll

Calorific value (as received'):

DGtGnmnGCl. ......... . {g ^ ^

Mine samples.

2823 

14.00

17.19 

34.05 

39.48 

9.28 

2. 70

5,888 

10,598

2824 

13. 70

10.19 

31. 25 

39. 87 

12. 69 

3.03

Car samples.

No. 1 

nut.

2930 

14.50

16.30 

29. 12 

35. 01 

19.51 

3. 53

K 99

49.44 

.87 

21.42

5,004 

 9,007 

4,953 

8,915

Slack.

2942 

15.20

17.30 

20.43 

32.89 

23.38 

2.94

5.04 

45.41 

.83 

22.40

4,578 

8,240 

4,507 

8,113

No. 2 

nut.

2937 

9.70

10.39 

29. 01 

34.42 

20.18 

3.12

5.28 

49. 03 

.91 

21. 48

4,970 

'8,946 

4,924 

8,863

Steaming tests."

A.

329.

17.26 

32. 11 

40. 32 

10. 31 

3.27

4.70 

08. 20 

1.20 

9.49 

12.46 

3.95

330.

17.74 

32.65 

39. 20 

10. 35 

 3.24

4.09 

08.11 

1.20 

9.48 

12.58 

3.94

B.

332.

17. 70 

32. 00 

v 39.95 

10.29 

'3. 19

4.80 

07. 97 

1.20 

9.58 

12.51 

3.88

oProximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Missouri No. 7 (washed nut).

A.

Test 329. Test 330

B.

Test 332.

Size as shipped.........................................................

Size as used:

Over 1 inch............................................... .per cent.

i inch to 1 inch................................................do...

J inch to J inch................................................do..;

Under J inch...................:............................. .do...

Duration of test.................................................hours.

Heating value of coal......................B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper....................................inch water..

Above fire..:................................................. .do...

In ash pit (forced draft)......:.............................. .do...

Furnace temperature...............................................°F.

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.......pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour....... I..............................................pounds.

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired .... ...pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Per pound of coal as fired...................................... do....

Per pound of dry coal.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds.,

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

No. 1

47.0

21.0

14.9

16.5

9.78

12,659

0.60 

.14

21.90

3.51

98.4

5.53

6.04

8.03

9.32

01. 26

4.26

5.26

3.52

4.35

No. 1

46.3

23.2

15.0

15.5

5.73

12,643

0.71 

.13

25.92

4.10

115.0

5.42

6.52

7.92

9.29

60.49

4.34

5.36

3.57

4.41

No. 2

21.4

43.0

21.4

13.6

' 9.75

12,409

0.71

""."62 

2,080 

32.03

4.02

a.129, 4

4.93

5.94

7.22

8.30

55. 92

4.70 

.5.88

3.92

4.84

Test made for maximum capacity.
172 REPORT ti. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

WASHING TESTS.

Missouri No. 7 (fiut).

..................................do....

..................................do....

Test 152 

(A).

No. 1

Stewart.

25,000

21,470

3,530

Test 153 

(B).

No. 2

Stewart.

23,500

18,600

4.900

Analyses. Test 152: For raw coal analyses see page 171 (sample 2936). Washed coal: 

Moisture, 17.30; ash, 9.45; sulphur, 3.04. Test 153: For raw coal analyses see page 

171 (sample 2937). . Washed coal: Moisture, 19.70; ash, 11.05; sulphur, 3.07. .

MISSOURI NO. 1O.

Bituminous coal from the Bevier bed, at Bevier, Macon County, 

on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, was designated 

Missouri No. 10. The coal, as worked at a depth of 124 feet at 

this place, averages 4 feet 7 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the direction of K. M. Way, consisted 

of screenings (through a f-inch shaking screen) and was used in 

steaming test 486 (on briquets) and briquetting tests 178f, 179, 

241*, 245*, and 246*.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

4196 Was taken 400 feet south of the shaft, where the coal measured 

4 feet 3 inches in thickness. Sample 4197 was taken 2,500 feet west 

of shaft, where the coal measured 5 feet in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Missouri No. 10. -: -

Proximate:

Ash.............................

Ultimate:

Ash.............................

(as received)............ \B. t. u...

Mine samples.

4196 

8.50

15.26 

33.91 

42. 13 

8.70 

4.37

4197 

8.80

15.41 

32.76 

40.22 

11.61

3.78

5,879 

10,582

Car 

sample.

4257 

13.70

15. 23 

26.32 

37.95 

20. 50 

3.69

5.02 

49.41 

.84 

20.54

5,055 

9,099

Steaming test 

486.0

"' 4362 

1.30

4.51 

35.53 

41.37 

18.59 

3.90

4.34 

64.29 

.91 

6.91 

19.47

4.08

Briquetting tests.6

178f.c

4515 

9.40

11.03 

32.24 

38.67 

18.06 

3.72

241*. -

4898-

8.91 

31.81 

38.17 

21.11 

4.49

4.16 

60.16 

.84 

6.73 

23.18 

4.93

245*.

4876

7.79 

31.46 

39.87 

20.88 

4.66

4.12 

60.63 

.84 

6.71 

22.65 

. 5.05

246*.

' 4908

7.75 

32.48 

40.95 

18.82 

4.53

4.24 

62.77 

.91 

6.76 

20.41 

4.91

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

b Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis, 

c No ultimate analysis made.
TESTS MISSOURI,

STEAMING TEST.

Missouri No. 10 (briquets).

173

Test 486.

Duration of test..................................................................... ."hours.

Heating value of fuel............................................8. t. u. per pound dry fuel.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper......................................................... inch water.

Above fire.....!.................................................................... do...

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour.............................pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... .do...

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired............................pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired ..................................~........................ .do...

Per pound of dry fuel..............................................................do...

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent.

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.

Per electrical horsepower hour.................................................... .do...

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do...

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do...

9.63

11,653

0.79

.15

24.69

3.28

92.0

5.25

6.36

6.06

8.41

55.19

4.45

5.49

4.25

5.24

Remarks. Test made on briquets from tests 178f and 179. These burned freely, 

although the rate ~of combustion decreased as ash formed on the surface, particularly 

on the English briquets, where the ash could not be separated from the briquets; 2.4 

per cent black smoke; ash heavy, gray, and fine; no clinker.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Missouri No. 10 (slack).

Tests 178^, 179, 241*, 245*. 246*. Size as used: Over £ inch, 3.0 per cent; fa inch 

to i inch, 10.2 per cent; fa. inch to fa inch, 17.2 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 21.2 

per cent; through fa inch, 48.4 per cent. Equally satisfactory briquets were made 

with 7 and 8 per cent binder on English machine and 8 and 9 per cent on Renfrew 

machine. The large amount of clay present made briquets soft when warm, but very 

hard when cold, when fuel was worked with high moisture content. Tests 178f and 

179 were made on coal from the same car and under greater pressure than in other 

tests. These briquets were harder, more cohesive, and made less slack in handling. 

All the briquets had rough surfaces and broke with ragged fracture. They were of a 

dull gray color, owing to the amount of clay present. For analyses of briquets see 

page 172 (those from test 179 under " Steaming .test 486 ").

I

Details of manufacture:

Binder 

Amount. . ....................... .per cent. . Weight of 

Fuel bi iquetted .................. .pounds. .

Heat value per pound 

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) :

Fines through 10-mesh sieve ............. do. ...

Test 178f.

Renf.

176

4543

8

42.000 

0. 476

9,099

16,969

80.5

19.5

94.0

6.0

99.0

Test 179.

Eng.

185

w. g. p.

4543

7

5.000 

4.43

0 099

Il'l28

16,969

63.3

36.7

90.9

9.1

80.9

Test 241*.

Renf.

149

9

66.000 

0.481

9,081

10,082

16,864

73.0

27.0

91.5

8.5

95.0

Test 245*.

Renf.

149

w. g. p.

8.5

176,000 

0.523

9,081

10,262

10,805

58.0

42.0

87.0

13.0

90.3

Test 246*

Eng.

149

w. g. p.

4879

8

10.000 

3.91

9,081

10.580

16,805

64.4

35.6

64.2

35.8

50.0
174 REPORT U, S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7,

BKIQUETTING TESTS Continued

». Missouri' No. 10 (slack).

Weathering test:

Water absorption:

Average for first 

Test 178f.

19

B.

14.5

1.94

1.172

Test 179.

19

C.

7.6

2.2

1.238

Test 241*.

9.6

1.54

1.207

Test 245*.

13.1

2.24

1.108

Test 246*.

6.6

1 19

1.248

Extraction analyses.

Air-drying loss. . . . .per cent. . 

Extracted by CSs:

Pitch in briquets as received,

Pitches.

4543

99.60

4806

96.90

4879

94.50

Fuel.

4257 

13.70

.54

.47

4803 

10.30

.59

.47

Briquets.

Test 

178f.

4515 

9.40

8.21

7.44 

7.03

Test 

179.

4362 

1.30

7.64

7.54 

7.13

T.est 

241*.

4898

8.44 

8.27

Test 

245*.

4876

8.68 

8.73

Test 

246*.

4908

7.63 

7.62

MONTANA.

MONTANA NO. 2.

Lignite from the Bridger bed at Fromberg, Carbon County, on the 

Northern Pacific Railway, was designated Montana No. 2. One 

sample, shipped under the supervision of N. H. Darton, was used in 

steaming test 470 and producer-gas test 149. Mine sample 3954 was 

taken by N. H. Darton. ,

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Montana No. 2.

- Ash............

Mine 

sample.

3954

8.93

33.43

46.92

10.72

.61

Car 

sample.

4234

3.30

8.51

31.58

44.52

15.39

.60

Steaming 

test 470. a

9.29

31.20

42:96

16.55

.57

Ultimate:

O WffPT)

Ash. ....................

Calorific value de-1 , ,

termined (as re-}?al°r 1f - ' ceived)......../18 -*- 11 

Car 

sample.

4.96

58.96

1.10

18.99

 U^l

10,478

Steaming 

test 470. o

4.31

63.36

1.18

12.28

18.24

.63

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis,of dry fuel figured from car sample.
TESTS MONTANA. 175

STEAMING TEST.

Montana No. 2.

Test 470.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch....................................................................per cent.

J inch to 1 inch.....................................................................do...

1 inch to i inch......................................................................do...

Under J inch................................'...................................... .do...

Average diameter................................................................. .inch.

Duratiqn of test......................................................................hours.

Heating value of coal...........................................B. t. u. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper......................................................... inch water..

Above lire.......................................................................... do....

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... ..do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...........................pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

 Per pound of coal as fired............................. '. ............................ do....

Per pound of dry coal.............................................................. do...

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent..

.Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do...

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do...,

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

38.2

24.1

13.7

24.0

0.89

6.50

11,257

0.88

.23

26.51

4.04

113.30

5.75

6.93

7.64

9.71

65.54

4.08

5.04

3.70 

.4.57

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Montana No. 2.

Test 149. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 51 percent; $ inch to 1 inch, 21 per cent; 

I inch to \ inch, 20 per cent; under % inch, 18 per cent. Duration of test, 40 hours; 

average electrical horsepower, 188.9; average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 147.5; 

total coal fired, 15,450 pounds.

Coal consumed in produceT per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Commercially available. .............................................

Per brake horsepower: 

Developed at engine. ................................................

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.13

2.05

1.81

1.74

2.34

2.25

1 99

1.91

Dry coal.

1.95

1.87

1.66

1.59

2.14

2.06

1.82

1.75

Combustible.

1.62

1.56

1.38

1.32

1.78

1.71

1.52

1.45

Analysis of gas by volume."

Carbon dioxide (CCh).................................................................. 13.2

Carbon monoxide (CO)................................................................ 14.2

Hydrogen (H2)......................................................................... 16.0

Methane (CE4 2.9

Nitrogen (N2).......................................................................... 25.9

Oxygen (Oa)............................................................................ .2

Ethylene (C2H4 )........................................................................ .6

a JFor analysis of fuel used see page 174 (sample 4234).
176 BEPOBT U. S, FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

MONTANA NO. 3.

Lignite from the Bridger bed at Bridger, Carbon County, on the 

Northern Pacific Railway, was designated Montana No. 3. One 

sample, shipped under the supervision of N. H. Darton, was used in 

steaming test 477 and producer-gas test 150. Two mine samples, 

3955 and 3956, were taken by N. H. Darton.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Montana No. 3.

Proximate:

Ash........................................................

Ultimate:

Carbon. ...................................................

Oxygen. ...................................................

Mine samples.

3955

8.47 

31.47 

41.88 

18.18 

.84

3956

8.70 

34.03 

49.07 

8.20 

.63

Car 

sample.

4271 

3.10

8.56 

32.36 

45.69 

13.39 

.54

5.06 

60.39 

1.06 

19.56

5,936

10,685

Steaming test 

477.a

9-29 32.22 

44.93 

13.63 

.6°

4.47 

65.70 

1.16 

13.00 

15.01 

.66

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TEST.

Montana No. 3.

Test 477.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch........................................ ; ...........................per cent..

£ inch to 1 inch.....................................................................do....

1 inch to $ inch..................................................................... do....

Under J inch ...........c........................................................... do....

Average diameter......................................................"......... .inches..

Duration of test..................................................................... .hours..

Heating value of coal.. ......................................... .B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.........................................................inch water..

Above fire.......................................................................... do....

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... do.....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...........................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.......................................................... do....

Per pound of dry coal..............................................................do....

Per pound of combustible.......................................................... do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour. ...... ~........................................ .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour..................................................... do....

52.9

21.6

10.9

14.6

1.46

8.97

11,628

0.86

.14

26.98

4.11

115.2

5.75

6.92

7.63

9.32

63.37

4.09

5.04

3.71

4.58
TESTS NEW MEXICO.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Montana No. 3.

177

Test 150. Duration of test, 49 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 199.6; average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 181.5; total coal fired, 15,950 pounds.

Coal consumed in 'producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.69

1.63

1.44

1.39

1.80

1.74

1.53

1.48

Dry coal.

1.55

1.49

1.31

1-.27

1.65.

1.59

1.40

1.35

Combustible.

1.32

1.27

1.12

1.08

1.41

1.36

1'.20

' 1.15

Analysis of gas by volume.®

Carbon doxide (C0a)...............................'................................ 8.0

Carbon monoxide (CO)............................................................ 23.2

Hydrogen (H2) .................................................................... 15.9

Methane (CH<).................................................................... 3.3

Nitrogen (N2 )...................................................................... 49.2

Kthylene (CjH<) .................................................................. .4

NEW MEXICO. 

NEW MEXICO NO. 3.

Bituminous coal from Van Houten, Colfax County, on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, was designated New Mexico No. 

' 3. The coal, as worked from an outcrop at this place, averages 6 

feet 6 inches in thickness.

Three kinds of coal were shipped from this mine under the supervision of J. S. Burrows: New Mexico No. 3 A consisted of run-ofmine coal used in steaming test 396 and producer-gas test 121. New 

Mexico No. 3 B consisted of 10 tons of lump and was used in steaming tests 389 and 391; also, together with equal portions of washed 

New Mexico No. 4 B and No. 5, in coking test 152 and cupola tests 

98 and 130. New Mexico No. 3 C consisted of 40 tons of slack, and 

was used in steaming test 392 -(on washed coal); washing test 168; 

and coking tests 148 and 149 (on washed coal). At this mine coal 

that passes through a f-inch screen is called "slack," and that passing over the f-inch screen is graded as "lump."

Two mine samples taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3221 was 

taken 2,000 feet northwest of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 6 feet 11 inches in thickness. Sample 3222 was taken 3,000 

feet from the drift mouth, where the coal measured 6 feet 11 inches 

in thickness.

a For analysis of fuel used, see page 176 (sample4271). 

1960S Bull. No. 332 08 12
178 REPORT II. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

New Mexico No. 3.

Proximate:

Ash.....................

Ultimate:

Ash.....................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined.. {^al° s --

Calculated from] . . 

ultimate anal- >?, ? 

ysis. ......... j

Mine samples.

3221 

1.00

2.50 

35.47 

52.90 

9.13 

.72

7.293 

13, 127

3222 

2.00

3.48 

33.02 

50.58 

12.92 

.64

Car samples.

A.

3295 

2.00

3.45 

32.00 

47.82 

16.67 

.73

4.95 

66.19 

1.23 

10.23

6,607 

11,893

6,629 

11,932

C.

3307 

3.00

4.36 

32.21 

47.51 

15.92

, *

4.79 

65.96 

1.18 

11.32

6,618 

11,912

6.509 

11,716

B.

3308 

1.40

2.75 

33.19 

48.54 

15.52 

.64

4.84 

67.70 

1.18 

10.12

6,759 

12,166

6,715 

12,087

Steaming tests.a

A.

396.

2.82 

32.72 

47.56 

16.90 

.72

4.72 

68.45 

1.28 

7.42 

17.39 

.74

B.

389.

3.01 

32.61 

47.05 

17.33 

.72

4.55 

67.93 1.19' 

7.72 

17.87 

.74

391.

2.47 

32.99 

47.63 

16.91 

.67

4.58 

68.43 

1.19 

7.77 

17.34 

.69

C.

 392.

4.77 

33.10 

49.90 

12.23 

.71

4.83 

72.14 

1.26 

8.17 

12.85 

.75

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

STEAMING TESTS. 

New Mexico No. 3.

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of grate 

pounds

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

per pound dry coal. .

...............do....

........ .........°F..

surface per hour,

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heatsurface per hour ........ .................... Dounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler c Water apparently evaporated per pou

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. . . . .

ad of coal as fired,

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

...............do.... 

...............do....

 A.

Test 396.

r. o. m.

. 14.8 

23.2 

22.2 

39.8 

10.0 

12,301

0.60 

.22 

2,333

23.48

3.86 

108.2

6.84

8.00 

8.23 

10.36 

64.61

3.54 

4.36

3.44 

4.24

B.

Test 389.

1.

30.6 

27.1 

18.3 

24.0 

10.0 

12,213

0.54 

.18 

2,225

20.91

 - 3.51 

98.5

7.02

8. 10 

'8.42 

10.54 

66.58

3.46 

4.28

3.36 

4.15

Test 391.

1.

34.5 

27 9

i&8

20.8 

10.0 

12,301

0.57 

.21 

2,432

23.82

 4.09 

114.8

7.18

8.40 

8.61 

10.66 

67.59

3.37 

4.16

3.28 

4.06

C.

Test 392 

(w.).

s.

5.6 

27.'9 

31.3 

35.2 

9.37 

13,059

0.64 

.22 

2,420

24.56

4.25 

119.2

7.08

8.26 

8.68 

10.16 

64,19

3.42 

4.23

3.26 

4.02
TESTS NEW MEXICO. 179

PRODUCEE-GAS TEST.

New Mexico No. 3 A (run of mine).

Test 121. Duration of test, 50 hours; average electrical horsepower, 198.4; average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 155.1; total coal fired, 12,850 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower :

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.37

1.30

1.17

1.10

1.47

1.39

1.25

1.18

Dry coal.

1.32

1.25

1.12

1.06

1.42

1.34

1.21

1.14

Combustible.

1.05

.99

.90

.85

1.13

1.07

.96

.91

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture......... '......................... 3.62

Volatile matter............................. 31.56

Fixed carbon............................... 45.19

Ash........................................ 19.63

Sulphur.................................... .72

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COs)....................... 9.2

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 20.5

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 14.5

Methane (CH<)............................. 2.0

Nitrogen (H2).............................. 53.4

Ethylene (CsH.i)............................ .4

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

New Mexico No. 3.

Washing test 168 (coal C, slack). Jig used, Stewart. 

washed coal, 38,000 pounds; refuse 5,000 pounds.

Coking tests.

Raw coal, 43,000 pounds;

'Duration of test. .....................

Bree/.e produced. . .....................

Total yield .................. .......

/...do.....

....................... < per cen^ 

mounds...

....................... ^per cent

3C(s.).

Test 148 Test 149 

(raw). (w.).

f c f c

CO AO

12 120 11 710

1, 655 7' 233'

63. 16 61. 77 

410 360

3. 38 3. 07 GO 54 64 84

3 B(10, 

4B (s.), 

and 5 

(r. o.m.).

Test 152 

(w.).

f c

AQ

I9 000

7,596

63.30 

328

2.73 

06. 03

Remarks. Test 148: Light gray and silvery; good heavy coke; ash high. Test 149: 

Light gray and silvery; good heavy coke; ash reduced by washing, but still high. 

Test 152: Light gray and silvery; good, strong, heavy coke; good ring, breakage, and 

cell structure.
180 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Analyses.

Ash...............................

Washing test 168.

Eaw 

coal.

4.36 

32.21

47.51

15.92 

.83

Washed 

coal.

6.01

12.43 

. ..71

Coking test 148.

Coal.

3.68 

33.06 

48.94 

14.32

.78

Coke.

0.76 

.67 

78.14 

20.43 

.71

Coking test 149.

Coal.

. 5. 74 

33.02 

48.99 

12.25

.72

Coke.

0.88 

1.51 

80.42 

17.19 

.65

Coking test 152.

Coal.

5. 13 

33.88 

50.06 

10.93 

.69

Coke.

0.69 

1.48 

82.18 

15.65 

.63

Cupola tests of coke made from New Mexico Nos. 3 B, 4 B, and 5 coal (washed).

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

98 

130

Coke."

Test 

No.

152 

152

Specific 

gravity.

1.91 

1.91

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

99.9

99.9

Materials.

Pig iron.....

Prtlrp

Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

210 

630 

210 

200 

600 

200

2.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

58 

413 

138

3.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

58 

413 

138

4.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

57 

412 

137

5.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135 

57 

412 

137

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

Phosphorus in coke, 0.0348 per cent.

RECORD OF MELT.

test 

No.

98

130

Blast pressure.

.On at 

1.48 p. in....

3.18 p. m...-.

Maximum.

Oz.

7

7

running 

in 

Min.

11

10

Weight of iron.

0

Poured.

Lbs.

1,162

v 1,778

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

325

252

Total.

Lbs.

1,487

2,030

Melting.

Time.

Min.

29

28

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

3,076

4,511

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

4.31

6.51

Loss.

Per ct.

7.50

7.03

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,288

759

Coke.

Lbs.

85

118

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle 

No.

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4. ........

5. ........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10........

11. .......

12........

Test 98.

Pounds.

83 

86 

39 

78 

79 

86 

58 

66 

70 

52 

61 

56

Time 

(p.m.).

2.07 

2.07! 

2.08 

2.15 

2.15! 

2.16 

2.18 

2.18! 

2.19 

2.21 

2.22 

2.221

Test 130.

Pounds.

94 

52 97 

88 

79 

109 

83 

82 

91 

95 

75 

48

Time 

(p.m.).

3.34 

3.34! 

3.38 

3.383 

3.39 

3. 39J 

3. 40J 

3.41 

3.42 

3.42! 

3. 43.J 

3.44

Ladle 

No.

13

14........

15........

16........

17.........

1C

19

20........

21........

22........

93

Test 98.

Pounds.

55 

64 

53 

68 

42 

66

Time 

(p.m.).

. 2.24 

2.24! 

2.25 

2.27 

2.27! 

2.28

Test 130.

Pounds.

94 

84 82- 

24 

86 

99 

84 

64 

86 

25 

57

Time 

(p.m.).

3.45 

3.45J 

3.46 

3.47 

3.49! 

3.50 

3.51 

3.51* 

3.53! 

3.54 

 3.55

Remarks. Test 98: Iron very hot and fluid, 

tuyeres after sixteenth ladle.

Large quantities of slag cdosed up
TESTS NEW MEXICO. 181

NEW MEXICO NO. 4.

Bituminous coal from Brilliant, Colfax County, on the Atchison, 

Topeka and'Santa Fe Railway, was designated New Mexico No. 4. 

The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 5 feet 

in thickness.

Two samples of coal were taken from these mines for testing 

purposes under the supervision of J. S. Burrows.. New Mexico No. 

4 A consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in making steaming tests 397 (raw) and 398 (washed), producer-gas test 122, and 

washing test 174. New Mexico No. 4 B consisted of slack coal 

through a IJ-inch perforated screen, and was used in making steaming test 395, washing test 170, coking tests 150 (raw) and 1.51 

(washed), and cupola test 119. Mixed with New Mexico No. 3 B and 

No. 5 (equal portions, washed), No. 4 B was also used in coking test 

152 (see p. 179) and cupola tests 98 and 130 (see p. 180).

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3228 

was taken 475 feet southwest of the drift mouth, where the coal 

measured 5 feet 8 inches in thickness. Sample 3229 was taken 800 

feet south of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 4 feet 3 inches 

in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. : 

New Mexico No. 4.

Proximate:

Ash........................

Ultimate:

Ash........................

Calorific values (as received): 

Determined.. ...{^f.;- 

Calculated from) , ,

ultimate anal-ft,? ?

yaia .......... . |

Mine samples.

3228 

1.00

2.19 

35.95 

50.75 

11.11

.57

7,257 

13,063

3229 

1.30

2.67 

36.25 

51.26 9.82' 

.58

Car samples.

A.

3331 

1.40

2.78 

34.31 

48.34 

14.57 '.61

5.06 

68. 51 

1.51 

9.74

6,830 

12,294

6,873 

12/371

B.

3315 

1.70

3.38 

34.63 

48.45 

13. 54 

.61

5.13 

68. 67 

1.50 

10.55

6,914 

12, 445

6,875 

12,375

Steaming tests, <*

 A. .

397.

2.30 

34.59 

48.53 

14.58 

.60

4.89 

70.54 

1.56 

7.48 

.61 

14. 92

' 398'.

3.86 

34.06 

50.68 

11.40 

.63

5.07 

73.07 

1.61 

7.73 

.66 

11.86

B.

395.

3.37 

34.70 

48.18 

13.75 

.62

4.91 

70.90 

1.55 

7.77 

.64 

14.23

.o Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
182 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1.906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

New Mexico No. 4.

Test 397. Test 398

B.

Test 395.

Size as shipped..........................................................

Size as used:

Over 1 inch....................................... '........ .per cent..

£ inch to 1 inch.........'........................................do....

J inch to $ inch.......'.........................................do....

Under i inch.. ................................................. .do....

Duration of test.....................................'............ .hours..

Heating value of coal............. i..........B. t. u. per pound dry coal .

Force of draft:

Under stack damper .................................. inch water..

Above fire..................................................... do....

Furnace temperature ..............................................° F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour........pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour.....................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry coal......................................... .do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate............................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour............................... .do....

Dry coal: .

Per indicated horsepower hour............................... .do....

Per electrical horsepower hour............................... .do....

r. o. m.

21.3

23.2

18.8

36.7

10.0

12,659

0.64

.25

2,336

22.76

3.71

103.9

6.79

7.97

8.16

9.84

62.25

3.55

4.38

3.47

4.28

r. o. m.

 17.4 

21.6 

25.2 

35.8 

10.07 

13,149

0.64

.25

2,534-

21.92

3.86

108.1

7.23

8.47

8.81

10.17

64.70

3.34

4.12

3.21

3.96

1.7

17.8

27.4

53.1

10.08

12,847

0.61

.22

2,285

21.33

3.59

100.6

6.96

8.14

8.43

10.10

63.37

3.47

4.29

3.35

4.14

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

New Mexico No. 4 A (run of mine).

Test 122. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 1.89.5. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 135.3. Total coal fired, 13,110 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Developed at switchboard ............................................

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.48

1.38

1.25

1.18

1.62

1.52

1.38

1.29

Dry 

coal. .

1.44

1.35

1.22

1.15

1.58

1.48

1.34

1.26

Com- , 

bustible. 

 1.24

1.16

1.05

0.99

1.36

1.28

1.16

1.08

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 2.42

Volatile matter ............................. 34.82

Fixed carbon ............................... 49.23

Ash......................................... 13.53

Sulphur.................................... .63

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COS)........'............. 10.6

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 17.0

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 12.6

Methane (CH4 2.0

Nitrogen (H2).............................. 57.2

Ethylene (CaH^)............................ .6
TESTS NEW MEXICO. 183

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

New Mexico No. 4. 

Washing tests.

................................ .do....

Test 174 

(A).

cr. to 2"

20,000

10,275

3,725

Test 170 

(B).

24,000

21.000

3,000

Coking tests (B).

Size as used ................................

Coke produced ..............................

Total yield. .................................

l....do....

........... - |per cent., 

/pounds ..

...................... -^per cenf;

Test 

150 (raw) .

f. c.

49

11,700

7,610

64.55 

362

3.07 

67. 62

Test 

151 (w.).

f. c.

43

11, 430

6,980

61. 12 

307

2.69 

63.81

Remarks. Test 150: Light gray and silvery; good heavy coke; ash high. Test 151 

Light gray and silvery; good heavy coke; ash reduced by washing.

Analyses.

Ash. .............................

Sulphur . ........................

Washing test 

174 (A).

Raw.

2.78 

34.31

48.34 

14. 57 

.61

Washed.

3.71

11.39 

.58

Washing test 

170 (B).

Raw.

3.38 

34.63

48.45 

13.54 

.61

Washed.

5.97

9.4i. 

.65

Coking test 150 

(B).

Coal.

3.69 

34.62 

47.83 

13. 86 

.66

Coke.

1.10 

.94 

78.48 

19. 48 

.58

Coking test 151 

(B).

Coal.

5.52 

35. 29 

49.87 

9.32 

.67

Coke.

1.39 

.85 

83.66 

14.10 

.60

Cupola test of coke made from New Mexico No. 4 B coal (washed). 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

119

Coke.a

Test 

No.

151

Specific 

gravity.

1.92

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Perct. 

98.61

Materials.

 (Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

200 

600 

200

2.

Lbs. 

58 

413 

138

3.

Lbs. 

58 

413 

138

4.

Lbs. 

57 

412 

137

5.

Lbs. 

57 

412 

137

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750

o Phosphorus in coke, 0.0946 per cent. 

RECORD OF MELT.

test 

No.

119

Blast pressure. .

On at 

8.57 a. in....

MaxOz.

7

running in 

Min.

6

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

2,210

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

351

Total.

Lbs.

2; 561

Melting.

Time.

 Min.

31

Rate 

per .

hour.

Lbs.

4,957

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

7.30

Loss.

Per ct.

9.23

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

162

Coke.

Lbs. 79'
184 BEPORT II. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola test of coke made from New Mexico No. 4 B coal (washed) Continued.

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1.............................

2.............................

3.............................

4.............................

5.............................

6.............................

7.............................

8.............................

9............................. 10...........:................. 11............................. 12.........:...................

13.............................

Test 119.

Pounds.

95 

53 

96 

94 

28 

88 

102 

70 

89 

66 

86 

' 85 

106

Time 

(a.m.).

9.12 

9.12£ 

9.16 

9.16J 

9.17 

9.19 

9.20 

9.20J 

9.21 

9.23 

9.23J 

9.24 

9.24£

 Ladle No.

14.............................

15.............................

16.....:.......................

17..... ........................

18.............................

19.............................

20. ............................

21.......................:.....

22.............................

23.............................

94

25.............................

26. ............................

Test 119.

Pounds.

83 

76 

103 

81 

88 

106 

86 

70 

101 

' 82 

65 

69 

142

Time 

(a.m.).

9.25 

9.26 

'9.26J 

9.27 

9.28 

9.28J 

9.29 

9.29J 

9.31 

9.32 

9.32J 

9.33 

'9.34

NEW MEXICO NO. 5.

Bituminous coal from Blossburg, Colfax County, on the Atchison, 

Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, was designated New Mexico No. 5. 

The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 7 feet 6 

inches in thickness.

This sample was run-of-mine coal loaded under the supervision of 

J. S. Burrows, and was used in making steaming test 387, producergas test 120, washing test 167, coking tests 146 (raw) and 147 (washed), 

and cupola test 120. Mixed with New Mexico No. 3 B and No. 

4 B (equal portions, washed), it was also used in coking test 152 (see 

p. 179) and cupola tests 98 and 130 (see p. 180).

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3226 

was taken 5,300 feet north of the slope, where the coal measured 7 

feet in thickness. Sample 3227 was taken 4,200 feet southwest of the 

slope, where the coal measured 7 feet 8 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

New Mexico No. 5.

Proximate:

Volatile matter. ............... . ......................

Fixed carbon .............................................

. Ash.......................................................

Sulphur. ..................................................

Ultimate:

Nitrogen. .................................................

OlfV£*PTl

Sulphur ...................................................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined.................:.... .......'..... ...|^al?rif--

Mine samples.

3226 

1.20

2.25 

33.19 

52.19 

12.37 

.75

7,239 

13,030

3227 

1.20

2.31 

33.01 

51.58 

13.10

.66

Car sample.

3294 

1.40

2.72 

31.85 

50.86 

14.57 

.69

4.88 

69.96 

1.17 

8.73

6,966

6,974

12,553

Steaming test 

387.o

2.32 

31.80 

50.23 

15.65 

.79

4.65 

70.94 

1.19 

6.39 

16.02 

.81

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
TESTS NEW MEXICO. 

STEAMING TEST.

New Mexico No. 5 (run of mine).

185

Test 387.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch.....................................................................per cent.

J inch to 1 inch.....................................................................do...

J to i inch..........................................................................do...

Under \ inch.......................................................................do...

Duration of test..................................................................... .hours.

Heating value of coal............................................B. t. u. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper......................................................... inch water.

Above fire..........................................................................do...

Furnace temperature............................................:...°....................°E.

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.............................pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..'.. .do... 

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired............................pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired...........................................................do...

Per pound of dry coal...................................................".......... .do...

Per pound of combustible...............................'.......................... .do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour..................................................pounds.

Per electrical horsepower hour ....................................................do...

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.....................................................do...

Per electrical horsepower hour..................:................................. .do...

21.2

19.9

20.8' 38-1

10.07

12,721

0.58

.21

2,371

21.11

. 3.54

99.13

7.0

8.19

8.39

10.23

03. 09

3.45

4.26

3.37

4.16

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

New Mexico No. 5 (run of mine).

Test 1W. Duration of test, 45 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 197.2. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 159.6. Total coal fired, 12,500 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available ..............................................

Per brake horsepower:

Coal 

as fired.

1.49

1.41

1.27

1.20

1.60

1.51

1.36

1.29

Dry 

coal.

1.47

1.38

1.25

1.18

1.57

1.48

1.34

1.26

Combustible.

1 94

1.17

1.05

0 99

1.33

1. 25

11^

1.06

Analyses:

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 1.79

Volatile matter............................. 31.32

Fixed carbon............................... 51.40

Ash......................................... 15.49

Sulphur..................................... .66

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COa)....................... 8.6

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 21.4

Hydrogen (Ha)............................. 14.0

Methane (CH<)............................. 2.2

Nitrogen (II8).............................. 52.7

Ethylene (C3H«)................'............ .5
186 REPORT TJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

New Mexico No. 5 (run of mine).

Washing test 167. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches; jig used, Stewart; raw coal, 15,000 

pounds; washed coal, 13,300 pounds; refuse, 1,700 pounds.

Coking tests.

Duration of test ..........................................

Total yield ................................................

................hours..

?....do ...

............. |per cer,t 

/pounds. ..

..................do....

Test 146 

(raw)

f.c.

56

11,810

7,500

63. 51 

320

. 1 1

66.22

Test 147 

(w.)

f.c.

50

11,770

7,650

65. 00 

280

. oo

67.38

Remarks. Test 146: Light.gray color; good heavy coke; high ash. Test 147: Light 

gray and silvery; good heavy coke; ash reduced by washing, but still high. 

Analyses.

Washing test 167.

Raw 

coal.

2.72 

31.85

50.86

.69

Washed 

coal.

4.68

11.87 

-.91

Coking test 146.

Coal.

3.05 

31.96 

49.71 

15.28 

.76

Coke.

1.04 

1.44 

76.93 

20.59

 .86

Coking test 147. '

Coal.

4.23 

32.25

. 51: 79

11.73 

.89

Coke.

0.99 

.84 

81.38 

16.79 

.76

Cupola test of coke made from New Afexico No. 5 coal (washed).

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

120

Coke.o

Test 

No.

147

Specific 

gravity.

1.91

Ratio, 

iron to 

coke.

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Perct. 

99.9

Materials.

< Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

220 

660 

220

2.

Lbs. 

53 

398 

133

3.

Lbs. 

53 

398 

133

4.

Lbs. 

52 

397 

132

5.

Lbs. 

52 

397 

132

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750

Phosphorus in coke, 0.001 per cent. 

RECORD OF MELT.

test 

No.

120. ....

Blast pressure.

On at 

2.17p.m....

MaxiOz.

7

running in 

Min.

10

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,354

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

124

Total.

Lbs.

1,478

Melting.

Time.

Min.

28

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

3,167

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

4.58

Loss.

Per ct.

7.40

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,300

Coke.

Lbs.

107 t
TESTS OHIO. 187

Cupola test of coke made from New Mexico No. 5 coal (washed) Continued. 

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. .............................

2..............................

3..............................

4.............................

5.............................

0. .............................

7... ..........................

8..............................

9..............................

Test 120.

Pounds.

93 

50 

57 

107 

99 

43 

83 

92 

95

Time 

(p.m.).

2.34 

2.344 

2.39 

2.394 

2.40 

2.404 

2.41 

2.42 

2.43

Ladle No.

10............................

11............................

12............................

13............................

14............................

15............................

16............................

17............................

Test 120.

Pounds.

99 

90 

101 

90 

50 

92 

32 

69

Time 

(p. m.).

2.434 

2.444 

2.47 

2.48 

2.47 

2.524 

2.53 

2. .55

Remarks. Test 120: Iron hot and fluid.

OHIO.

OHIO NO. 1O.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 5, at Mineral City, Tuscarawas 

County, was designated Ohio No. 10. The coal, as worked from 

the outcrop at this place, averages 3 feet 5 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of lump coal over a 1^-inch bar screen, and was used in 

steaming test 469 and producer-gas' test 142.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3968 was taken 7,000 feet southeast of the opening, where the coal 

measured 3 feet 3 inches in thickness. Sample 3969 was taken 

6,600 feet southeast of the opening, where the coal measured 3 feet 

7 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Ohio No. 10.

Proximate:

Fixed carbon ..............................................

Ash.......................................................

. Sulphur. . .................................................

Ultimate:

Ash.......................................................

Mine samples.

1. 

3908 

1.30

5.01 

36.25 

49.42 

' 8.72 

2.89

3969 

1.10

4.46 

39.89 

47.11 

8.54 

3.73

7,136 

12,845

Car 

sample.

4059 

2.30

4.49 

40.55 

47. 43 

7.53 

2.93

5.68 

69.64 

1.29 

12.93

7,199 

12,958

Steaming test' 

469.0

4.10 

39.55 

47.54 

8.81 

3.00

'5.30 

71.28 

1.32 

9.15 

9.19 

3.70

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
188 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TEST. 

Ohio No. 10.

Test 469.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch..............................:.....:........................-........ .per cent.

£ inch to 1 inch............................................ ^........................ do...

i inch to $ inch.....................................................................do...

Under £ inch.......................................................................do...

Average diameter.................................................................inches.

Duration of test...................................................................... .hours.

Heating value of coal...........................................B. t. u. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft: J

Under stack damper.........................................................inch water.

Above fire ..........................................................................do...

Furnace temperature .................................................................... °F.

Dry coal used per square toot of grate surface per hour............................pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... .do...

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired............................pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.......................................................... do...

Per pound of dry coal..............................................................do...

Per pound of combustible.........................."........................ 7 .......do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........;................................... .per cent.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do...

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do...

Per electrical horsepower hour....................:............................... .do...

58.3

13.9

9.1

18.7

1.30

10.02

13,291

0.81

..19

2,877

22.91

4.25

119.1

7.38

9.28

10.39

67.43

3.18

3.92

3.05

3.76

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Ohio No. 10 (lump).

Test 142. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 64 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 17 per cent; \ 

inch to \ inch, 8 per cent; under £ inch, 11 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower, 199.0. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 165.6. 

Total coal fired, 12,650 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.32

1.27

1.12

1.08

1.40

1.35

1.19

1.15

Dry coal.

1.27

1.22

1.08

1.04

1.35

1.30-

1.15

1.10

Combustible.

1. 15

1.11

.98

.94

1.22

1.18

1.04

1.00

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 4:05

Volatile matter............................. 39.28

Fixed carbon............................... 47.75

Ash......................................... 8.92

Sulphur..........".....................:..... 3.02

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (CCh) ....................... 9. 4

Carbon monoxide (CO) .................... . 20.7

Hydrogen (Hs) ...........^.>..........1.... 14.2

Methane (CH4) ............................. 2. 6

Nitrogen (N2) .............................. 52. 6

Ethylene (CSH4) ........................... .5
TESTS OHIO. 189

OHIO NO. 11.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 8 at Flushing, Belmont" County, on 

the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was designated Ohio No. 11. The 

coal, as worked at a. depth of 89 feet at this place, averages 4 feet 10 

inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of lump coal over a 1 J-inch screen and was used in steaming 

tests 474 and 475 and producer-gas test 145.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3985 

was taken 2,000 feet.west of the shaft, where the coal measured 4 

feet~S£ inches in thickness. Sample 3986 was taken 1,,500 feet southwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 5 feet 1 inch in thickness.

CHEMICAL. ANALYSES.

Ohio No. 11.

Air-drying loss .....................................

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Owppn

Ash. .............................................

Calorific value determined (as received) . - {g8'1 " 8 ' '

Mine samples.

3985 

1.70

3.96 

38.09 

48.91 

9.04 

425

3986 

1.90

4" 13 

39.22 

48. 69 ' 

7.96 

4.12

7,271 

13,088

Car 

sample.

4157 

1.60

3.44 

36.04

' 47. 58 

12.94 

4.32

481 

66. 64 

1.17 

10.12

. 6,826 

12,287

Steaming tests.o

474.

3.56 

37.86 

47.91 

10.67 

403

474 

71.23 

1.25 

7.54 

11. 06 

4.18

475.

3.53 

37.33 

47.92 

11.22 

5.24

463 

69. 70 

1.22 

7.39 

11.63 

5.43

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Ohio No. 11.

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Furnncc temperature .

................do....

................do....

................do....

per pound dry cool..

................do....

................. °l'\.

Dry coal used per square toot; of grate surface per hour. .................. .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated pur square foot of water-heating surface pur hour, 

pounds . . . .. .,..------.--_.

Water apparently evaporated per pound of noal as fired. . . . 

Water evaporated from and at 212° $.:

lilliciencv of boiler, including Krate .............................

......... ....pounds.. 

................do....

................do....

................do....

.. . ........percent..

Test 474.

65.7 

16.8 

7.6 

9.9 

1.72

- -13,115

0.78 

.20

2,748 

20. 84

a. (15

.102. 4 

7.04

8.47 

8.79 

10. 14 

0472

Test 475.

71.7 

12.9 

6.7 

&7 

2.06 

9.28 

12,890

0.77 

.19 

2,893 

20. (17

'A. 66 

102. 5 

7. 08

8. 55 

8. 86 

10.21 

66.38
190 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS Continued. 

Ohio No. 11.

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

......................do....

.......................do....

Test 474.

3.34

4.12

3.22

3.97

Test 475.

3.31

. 4.08

3.19

3.94

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Ohio No. 11 (lump).

Test 145. Size as used, over 1 inch, 66 per cent.; £ inch to 1 inch, 14 per cent.; J 

inch to $ inch, 7 per cent. Under J inch, 13 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower, 199.5. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 165.200. 

Total coal fired, 13,850 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1 AK

. 1.23

1.18

1.49

1.32

1.26

Dry 

coal.

1 40

1.19

1.14

1.50

1.44

1.27

1.22

Combustible.

1.21

1.16

1.03

.99

1.30

1.24

1.10

1.06

Analysis of gas by volume. a

Carbon dioxide (COj)..........................................................'.... 9.0

Carbon monoxide (CO)............................................................ 20.2

Hydrogen (Hi)...............................s.................................... 15.3

Methane (CEU).................................................................... 2. 7 '

Nitrogen (N2 )..................................................................'.... 52.3

Ethylene (C2H4 )................................................................... 0.5

OHIO :NX>. 12.

Bituminous coal from bed No. 8, at Bellaire, Belmont County, was 

designated Ohio No. 12, The coal, as worked from the outcrop at 

this place, averages 5 feet 5 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of K. M. Way, consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in steaming test 483, producer-gas tests 146 and 147, washing test 193, and coking test 180.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3987 was taken at a face where the coal measured 5 feet 6| inches in 

thickness. Sample 3988 was taken at a lace where the coal measured 

5 feet 4^ inches in thickness.

For analysis of fuel used see page 189 (sample 4157).
TESTS OHIO. 191

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Ohio No. 12.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Ash .............................................

Mine samples.

3987 

1.20

3.32 

40. 80 

49.11

6.77:

3.55

3988 

1.10

3.10 

40.76 

50.11 

6.03 

3.42

Car samples.

4151 

2.60

4.14 

39.30 

47.18 

9.38 

3.96

5.19 

69.58 

1.20 

10.69

7,152 

12,874

4178 

1.30

'2.97 

37.61 

49.45 

9.97 

3.65

5.14 

70.21 

'1.23 

9.80

7,185 

12,933

Steaming test 

483.i

3.55 

38.35 

48.37 

9.73 

4.00

4.91 

72.32 

1.24 

7.29 

10.09 

4.15

« Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TEST.

Ohio No. 12.

Test 483.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch ....................................................................per cent..

i inch to 1 inch..................................................................... do....

1 inch to J inch.....................................................................do....

Under J inch....................................................................... do....

Average diameter ..................................................................inch..

Duration of te"st.....................................................................hours..

Heating value of coal.............:.............................B. t.u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack'damper........................................................ inch water..

Above fire..........................................................................do....

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour..............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour........do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired............................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired...................................................... .pounds..

Per pound of dry coal..........................................................'....do....

 Per pound of combustible...........................................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate........................'....................... .per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds..

' Per electrical horsepower hour..................................................... do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour....................................................do....

23.8

25.7

20.5

30.0

0.72

9.05

13,381

.85

.21

22.98

4.20

117.6

7.28

8.81

9.14

10.40

65.96

3.21

3.96

3.09

3.82

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS. 

Ohio No. 12 (run of mine).

1

Size as used:

Total coal fired. .......................................

......................do....

......................do....

......................do....

.................. .pounds. .

Test 146.

62 

21 

10 

7 

34 

198.8 

164.8 

10, 650

Test 147.

52 

18 

11 

19 

50 

198.6 

164.6 

14,350
192 REPORT IT. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS Continued. 

Ohio No. 12 (run of mine).

Coal consumed in. producer -per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant

(pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

.1.65

1 40

1.34

1.77

1.69

1.50

1.43

Test 146.

Dry 

coal.

1.60 1 w

1.36

1.30

1.72

1.64

1.46

1.39

Combustible.

1.44

1 07

1 99

1.17

1.54

1.47

1.31

1.25

Coal as 

fired.

1.51

1.45

1 9Q

1 93

1.62

1.56

1.38

1.32

Test 147.

Dry 

coal.

1 A^

1 'VI

1 9'*

1 18

1.56

1.50

i 11

1.27

Combustible.

1 OQ

1 93

i no

1.05

1 3S

i 33

1 1 R

1.13

Analyses.

Coal.

A aVi

Test 146.

2.97

37.61

'49.45

' 9.97

3.65

Test 147.

3.82

37.77

47.42

10.99

3.39

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH4 ) ...............

Nitrogen (N2) ................

Ethylene(C2H4).............

Test 146.

9 4

19.8

15.7

2.9

51.8

 '.4

Test 147.

9 3

19 9

2.5

52.6

.5

WASHING TEST.

Ohio No. 12. .

Test 193. Duration of test, 50 minutes. Size as used, through 2-inch screen. 

Jig used, Stewart; speed, 35 r. p. m.; stroke, 6 inches. Raw coal, 6.7 tons; washed 

coal, 5.1 tons, 76 per cent; refuse, 1.6 tons, 24 per cent.

Analyses.

Sample tested.

Refuse

Laboratory No.

4151 

4519

Moisture.

4.14 

6.85 

5.78

Ash.

Per cent.

9'. 38 

6.19 

19.91

Per cent induction.

33

 Sulphur.

Per cent.

3.96

3.60 

6.62

Per cent reduction.

9
I 

TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 193

Float and sink tests.

No. of test.

On raw coal (preliminary) :

3....................

4....................

On refuse (float) : <» 

1. ...................

2....................

3....................

4....................

Sizes as 

used 

(inch).

!

Specific 

gravity 

of soluused.

1.35 

1.40 

1.45 

1.52

1.35 

1.41 

1.45 

1.53

Percentage of 

float.

To 

refuse.

*

39 

57 

59 

81

To 

total 

sample.

77 

89 

92 

94

9.35 

13.29 

14.09 

19.30

Sink 

(per 

cent).

23 

11 

8 

6

Analyses.

Ash.

Per 

cent.

5.'12 

0.43 

fi.78 

7.31

5.75

6.42

9.12

10.17

Per cent 

reduction.

45 

32 

28 

22

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

3.23 

3.-03 

3.88 

3.98

3.67

4.04

5.26

4.97

Per 

cent 

reduction.

18 

.8 

2

a Loss of good coal, 9 per cent.

COKING TEST. 

Ohio No. 12 (run of mine).

Test 180. Size as used, washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 45 hours. Coal 

charged, 9,270 pounds. Coke produced, 5,190 pounds; 55.99 per cent. Breeze produced, 223 pounds; 2.41 per cent. Total yield, 58.40 per cent. Light gray, with some 

silvery deposit of carbon; sulphur high.

Analyses.

Ash....................................................................................

Coal.

5.19

39.04

48.36

6.41

3.63

Coke.

0.73

.51

87.96

10.80

3.08

PENNSYLVANIA. 

PENNSYLVANIA NO. T.«

Bituminous coal from a mine 3 miles north" of Ligonier, Westmoreland County, on the Ligonier Valley Railroad, was designated " Pennsylvania No. 7."

This sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal loaded under the supervision of J. S. Burrows; was used in making steaming test 307. ,

o For other tests of coal from this mine, made during 1905, see Bull. U. S. Gcol. Survey No. 290,1906, 

pp. 176-178.

19698 Bull. No. 332 08 13
194 REPORT II. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-1.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Pennsylvania No. 7.

Proximate:

A ah

.

Steaming 

test 307 >

5.80

21.79

58.78

13.68

2.22

Ultimate:

O Yvc'pn

Steaming 

test .307.o

4.37

74.41

1.53

2.86

14.47

2.36

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TEST. 

Pennsylvania No. 7 (run of mine).

Test 307.

Siseasused: . Over 1 inch.................................................................... per cent..

i inch to 1 inch.....................................................................do....

i inch to J inch.....................................................................do....

Under § inch.................................................................^.... :do.....

Duration of test......................................................................hours..

Heating value of coal...........................................B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper........................................................ .inch water..

Above fire..........................................................................do....

Furnace temperature.................................. ^...............................^ .°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... .do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..... .v...................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired............................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.......................................................... do....

Per pound of dry coal.............................................................. do....

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent..

Coal as fired: .

Per indicated horsepower hour..........................:...................... .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour. ............^...................................... .do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

16.8

21.7

19.5

42.0

10.07

13,455

0.54

. .13

 2,220

16.35

3.03

85.0

7.34

8.76

9.29

11.16

66.68

3.23

3.99

3.04

3.76

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 11.

Bituminous coal from the Pittsburg bed at Charleroi, Washington 

County, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was designated " Pennsjdvania 

No. 11." The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 

5 feet 6 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in producer-gas test 129, 

coking test 159, and cupola tests 143 and 161.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3421 was taken 4,000 feet southwest of the opening, where the coal 

measured 5 feet 5| inches in thickness. Sample 3422 was taken 

4,000 feet northwest of the opening, where the coal measured 5 feet 

6f inches in thickness.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 195

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 11.

Proximate:

Ash. ..................

Sulphur..............

Mino samples.

3421 

1.20

2.50 

34.65 

57.51 

5.34 

1.14

3422 

1.30

2.56 

34.55 

55.94 

6.95 

2.27

Car 

sample.

3532 

0.60

1.95 

34.07 

56.69 

7.29 

1.18

Ultimate:

OwfyPTl

Calorific value ], ri 

determined &t .?' (as received). P- t<uMine samples.

7,859 

14, 146

Car 

sample.

5.13 

76.86 

1.44 

8.10

7,653 

13,775

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Pennsylvania No. 11 (run of mine).

Test 129. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 170.7. Average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 146.4. Total coal fired, 12,200 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower-hour (pounds') .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower: 

Per brake horsepower:

Developed v at ensrinc

Coal as 

fired.

1.53

1.43

1.30

1.22

1.66

1.55

1.41

1.32

Dry coal.

1.50

1.40

1.27

1.19

1.63

1.52

1.38

1.29

Combustible.

1.39

.1.30

1.18

1.10

1.51

1.41

1.28

1.20

Analysis of gas by volume.®

Carbon dioxide (CO2)..........................-'............... i.................... 10.4

Carbon monoxide (CO)............................................................ 18.5

Hydrogen (Hj)..................................................................... 16.3

Methane (CH«).................................................................... 2.0

Nitrogen (N2 )...................................................................... 52.6

Ethylene(CsH4 ).................................................................... .2

COKING TEST.

Pennsylvania No. 11 (run of mine).

Test 159. Size as used, raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 41 hours. Coal 

charged, 12,040 pounds. Coke produced, 8,100 pounds; 67.28 per cent. Breeze produced, 296 pounds; 2.46 per cent. Total yield, 69.74 per cent. Light-gray color. 

Good coke.

Analysis.

-

Ash. ................................................................................

Coal.

2.20

33.18

55.46

9.16

1.36

Coke.

0.52

.97

85.02

13.49

1.19

.0307

a For analyses of fuel used, see above (sample 3532).
196 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola tests of coke made from Pennsylvania No. 11 coal.

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

143 

161

Coke.

Test 

No.

159 

' 159

Specific 

gravity.

1.92 

1.92

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

6

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

97.22

93.75

Materials.

f

Coke........

Pig iron..... 

Coke........

Pig iron. ....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

200 

800 

220 

880

2.

Lbs.

58 550- 

70 

530

3.

Lbs. 

58 

550 

70 

530

4.

Lbs. 

57 

550 

70 

530

5.

Lbs. 

57 

550 

70 

530

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

3,000 

500 

3,000

RECORD OF MELT.

test

No.

143

161

Blast pressure.

On at 

3.08p.m.

1.58p.m.

imum.

Oz.

1

7

runin 

Min.

10

10

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,636

2,054

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

278

542

Total.

Lbs.

1,914

2,596

Melting.

Time.

Min.

34

28

Rate

per 

hour.

Lbs.

3,378

5,563

Ratio

iron to 

coke.

5.33

6.12

Loss.

Per ct.

4.63

4.40

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

947

272

Coke.

Lbs.

71

76

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No..

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9......... 10..:..... 11........

12........

Test 143.

Pounds.

68 

72 

104 

90 

90 

101 

87 

93 

99 

87 

86 

102

Time 

(p.m.)

3.22 

3.24 

3.26 

3.27 

3.32 

3.321 

3.33 

3.35 

3.351 

3.36 

3.38 

3.38J

Test 161.

Pounds.

93 

110 

80 

82 

125 

68 

73 

59 

109 

137 

70 

119

Time 

(p.m.)

2.12 

2.13 

2.1fi 

2.16J 

2.17 

2.22 

2.221 

2.23 

2.231 

2.24 

2.25 

2.25J

Ladle No.

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.... ..

23.......

. Test 143.

Pounds.

80 

93 

85 

93 

78 

100 

28

Time 

(p. m.)

3.39 

3.43 

3.431 

3.44 

3.48 

3.49 

3.52

. Test 161.

Pounds.

73 

64 

86 

132 

66 

94 

134 

61 

83 

99

37

Time 

(p.m.)

2.26 

2.28 

2.281 

2.29 

2.30 

2.301 

2.31 

2.33 

2.331 

2.34 

2.36

SILICON, MANGANESE, ETC.

Cupola

test 

No.

143

161

Materials.

Melted iron:

Melted iron:

Amount

used 

(pounds)

366

432

Silicon.

Per 

cent.

2.12

1.85

-12.74

2.10

1.74

-17.15

Pounds.

40.58

35.41

- 5.17

54.52

45.17

Manganese.

Per 

cent.

0. 178

.111

-37. 66

.163

.113

-30.68

Pounds.

3.407

2.124

-1.283

4.231

, 2. 933

^-1.298

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

0.059

.070

+ .011

1 19

.098

.113

+ .015

1.19

Pounds.

1. 1293

1. 3398

+ .2105

4. 3554

2. 5441

2. 9335

+ .3894

. 5. 1408

Content

of coke

combined 

with iron 

melted

(per

cent) .

I 4.83

I 7.57

Remarks. Test 143: Pig iron used from car 27633. Iron hot. Test 161: Pig iron 

used from car 131943. Iron cold.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 12.

197

Bituminous coal from the Pittsburg bed at Acheson, Washington 

County, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was designated Pennsylvania No. 12. The coal, ,as worked from the outcrop at this place, 

averages 5 feet 1 inch in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisting of run-of-mine coal, was used in producer-gas test 143, 

washing test 179, coking tests 161 and.162, and cupola tests 145, 146, 

151, 152, 153, and 154.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3441 

was taken 1,100 feet west of the opening, where the coal measured 5 feet 

3J inches in thickness. Sample 3442 was taken 1,600 feet southwest 

of the opening, where the coal measured 4 feet 11 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Pennsylvania No. 12 (run of mine).

Proximate:

Fixed carbon .........

Ash...................

Mine samples.'

3441 

1.40

2.60 

32. 40 

59.31 

5.63 

1.19

3442 

2.00

3.21 

32.27) 

58.64 

5.88 

1.22 

I

Car 

sample.

4098 

0.70

1.96 

30.55 

58.24 

9.25 

2.19

Ultimate:

Calorific value] ,, determined^1? 63 -- 

(as received) J u- l- u "- '

Mine samples.

7,880 

14, 184

Car 

sample.

4.81 

74.37 

1.45 

7.93

7,568 

13, 022

PKODUCER-GAS TEST.

Pennsylvania No. 12 (run of mine).

Test US. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 20 per cent; £ to 1 inch, 17 per cent; J inch to 

$ inch, 18 per cent; under J inch,!45 per cent. Duration of test, 28 hours. Average 

electrical horsepower, 195.3. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 147.5. Total coal 

fired, 6,100 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower: ]

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producei 

Per electrical horsepower:

Developed at switchboard

1 plant (pounds) .

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

- 1.16 

1.12

.99 

.95

1.28 

1.23

1.09 

1.05

Dry coal.

1.14 

1.09

.97 

.93

1.26 

1.21

1.07 

1.03

Combustible.

1.03 

.99

.88 

.84

1.14 

1.09

.97 

.93

Carbon dioxide (COs)--- 

Carbon monoxide (CO) 

Hydrogen (Hz).........

Methane (CH<)..........

Nittogen (Na) ..........

Ethylene (C2H4 ) ........

Analysis of gas by volume.0*

10.8

16.6

14.9

2.4

54.8

.5

a For analysis of fuel used see above (sample 4098).
198 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 12 (run of mine).

Washing test 179. Size as used, 2-inch. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 21,200 

pounds. Washed coal, 16,900 pounds; 80 per cent. Refuse, 4,300 pounds; 20 per

cent.

Coking tests.

........................hours..

f ...do....

.................. . -iper cent. . 

/pounds . .

.........................do....

Test 161 

(raw) .

f. c.

- 47

11,950

7,885

65.98 

286

. oy 

68.37

Test 162 

(w.).

f. c.

48

12,140

8,100

66.72 

257

2.12 

68.84

Remarks. Test 161: Light gray and silvery; fair coke. Test 162: Light gray and 

silvery; good coke. Ash and sulphur reduced by- washing.

Analyses.

Ash......................................

Washing test 179.

Raw 

coal.

1.96 

30.55

58.24

9.25 

2.19

Washed 

coal.

4.63

6.40 

1.39

Coking test 161.

Coal.

2.46 

31.28 

56.70 

9.56 

2.03

Coke.

0.69 

.29 

86.29 

12. 73 

1.66 

.0184

Coking test 162.

Coal.

4.50 

31.35 

57.66 

6.49 

1.40

Coke;

0.52 

1.28 

89.13 

9.07 

1.11 

.0087

Cupola tests of coke made from Pennsylvania No. 12 coal. 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No145 

146 

151 

152 

153 

154

Coke.

Test 

No.

161 

162 (w.) 

161 

161 

162 (w.) 

162 (w.)

Specific 

gravity.

1.97 

1.95 

1.97 

1.97 

1.95 

1.95

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7 

6 

.8 

6 

8

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

 -97.22

99.9. 

96! 53 

98.61 

99.9 

97.22

Materials.

\Pigiron......

Pig iron.....

Pig iron.....

Pig iron..... 

iCoke........

Pig iron.....

Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

~Lbs. 

210 

840 

210 

840 

220 

880 

200 800' 

210 

840 

220 

880

2.

Lbs. 

55 

540 

55 

540 

70 

530 

44 

 550 

73 

540 

38J 

530

, 3.

Lbs. 

55 

540 

55 

540 

70 

.530 

44 

550 

73 

540 

38| 530

4.

'Lbs. 

55 

540 

. 55 

540 

70 

530 

44 

550 

72 

540 

38f 

530 

5.

Lbs. 55 

540 

55 

540 

70 

530 

43 

550 

72 

540 

38? 

530

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

3,000 

430 

 3,000 

*00 

3,000 

375 

3,000 

500 

3,000 

375 

3,000

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

145

146

151

152

153

154

Blast pressure.

On at 

3.13 p. m

11.14 a. m

3.29 p. m

10.39 a. m

2.56 p. m

10.57 a. m

Maximum.

Oz.

'77

7

7

7

, 7

Iron run-' 

ning in 

Min.

11

12

11

8

11

9

Weight of iron.

Poured

Lbs.

1,439

1,831

2,382

1,841

2,352

2,162

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

1,139

205

256

450

120

355

Total.

Lbs.

2,578

2,036

2,638

2,291

2,472

2,517

_ Melting.

Time.

Min.

41

34

. 35

33

36

31

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

7,031

3,590

4,522

4,165

3,917

4,872

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

7.41

.6.08

6.26

7.61

5.96

8.50

Loss.

Per ct.

. 9.17,

4.07

5.03

4.10

4.66

5.80

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs:

147

812

211 586

388 309 s

Coke.

Lbs.

82

S5

79

74

85

79
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 199

Cupola tests of coke made from Pennsylvania No. 12 coal Continued. 

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

C. .............

7..............

8..............

9. .............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18...........:..

IQ

20..............

21..............

22..............

23................

24..............

25..............

Test 145.

Lbs.

106 

112 

103 

91 

100 

97 

89 

87 

106 

59 

50 

68 

72 

82 

65 

59 

70 

23

Time, 

(p.m.).

3.32 

3.321 

3.35 

3.351 

3.36 3. 37- 

3.38 

3.381 

3.39 

3.52 

3.521 

3.59 

4.00 

4.01 

4.02. 

4.04 

4.041 

4.05

Test 146.

Lbs.

100 

97 

100 

101 

88 

110 

69 

151 

111 

112 

103 

163 

95 

96 

114 

89 

60 

72

Time 

(a.m.).

11.30 

11.32 

11.33 

11.34 

11.38 

11.38i 

11.39 

11.42 

11.421 

11.43 

11.48 

11.481 

11.49 

11.55 

11.551 

11.56 

11.58 

12.00

Test 151.

Lbs.

55 

98 

55 

94 

103 

96 

90 

10.1 

105 

77 

107 

145 

106 

100 

99 

117 

83 

76 

107 

105 

109 

71 

108

109 

66

Time 

(p.m.).

3.43 

3.46 

3.461 

3.49 

3.491 

3.50. 

3.53 

3.531 

3.54 

3.59 

3.591 

4.00 

4.001 

4.01 

4.03 

4.03* 

4.04 

4.08 

4.08J 

4.09 

4.10 

4.101 

4.11

4. Hi 

4.15

Test 152.

Lbs.

97 

96 

110 

91 

95 

101 

112 

118 

100 

107 

106 

89 

104 

107 

105 

110 

111 

' 57 

25

Time 

(a.m.;.

10.53 

10.59 

10. 591 

11.00 

11.04 

11. 041 

11.05 

11. 051 

11.07 

11. 071 

11.08 

11.10 

11. 101 

11.11 

11.14 

11.141 

11.15 

11.19 

11.20

Test 153.

Lbs.

95 

29 

97 

95 

108 

108 

108 

102 

108 

112 

99 

100 

100 

101 

100 

115 

90 

99 

109 

85. 

98 

102 

103 

89

Time 

(p.m.).

3.11 

3.111 

3.14 

3. 14J 

3.18 

3. 181 

3.19 

3.23 

3.231 

3.24 

3.25 

3.251 

3.26 

3.29 

3.291 

3.30 

3.32 

3.34 

3.341 

3.35 

3.40 

3.401 

3.41 

'3.43

Test 154.

Lbs.

92 

133 

78 

122 

93 

93 

93 

135 

95 

109 

101 

73 

86 

113 

73 

93 

118 

73 

100 

114 

70 

88 

17

Time 

(a.m.).

11.15 

11. 151 

11.16 

11. 16i 

11.19 

11. 191 

11.20 

11.22 

 11.221 

11.23 

11.25 

11. 251 

11.26 

11.28 

11.281 

11.29 

11.31 

11.31J 

11.32 

11.35 

11.35J 

11.36 

11.37

SILICON, MANGANESE, ETC.

Cupola 

. test 

No.

145 

146 

151 

152 

153 

154

Materials.

Melted iron: 

Amount ......

Coke..............

Melted iron:

Coke..L...........

Melted iron:

. Gain or loss. . . 

Coke..............

Melted iron:

Coke..............

Melted iron:

Pig iron........... 

Melted iron:

Amount used- 

(pounds) .

...*.....

356

344

"""429

308

423

Silicon.

Per 

cent.

2.12

1.89 

 10. 85

2. 12

1.84 

 13. 21

2.12

 1.91 

- 9.90

2.12

1.86 

 12.28

2.12

1.78 

 16. 05

 2.12

1.81 

 14. 62

Pounds.

54. 65

48.72 

 5.93

43.16

37. 46 

 5.70

55. 93

50.39 

 5.54

48.57

42.61 

 5. 96

52. 41

44.00 

 8.41

53. 36

45.56 

 7.80

Manganese.

Per 

cent.

0.178

.133 

-25.28

.178

.141 

 20. 78

.178

.123 

 30.90

.178

'.130 

 26. 97

.178

.218 

 28.09

.178

.136 

 23. 59

Pounds.

4.589

3,429 

 1. 160

3. 624

2.871 

 .753

4.696

3.245 

 1. 451

4.078

2.978 

 1. 100

4.400

3. 164 

 1.236

4., 480

3.423 

 1. 057

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

0.059

.069 

+ .010 

1.66 

.059

.080 

+ .021 

1.11 

.059

.078 

+ .019 

1.66 

.059

.,070 

+ .011 

.1.66 

.059

.088 

+ .029 

1.11 

.059

.074 

+ .016 

1.11

Pounds.

.1.5216

1.7788 

+ .2572 

5.9096 

1. 2012

1.6288 

+ .4276 

3. 8184 

1. 5564

2. 0576 

+ .5012 

8. 4414 

1.3517

1. 6037 

+ .2520 

5. 1128 

1.4585 

i 

2. 1754 

+ .7169 

4. 69. 53 

1. 4850

1. 8626 

+ .3776 

3. 3744

Content 

of coke 

combined 

with iron 

melted 

(per ct.)

4. 35 

11.20 

5. 94 

4.92 

'l5.27 

11.13

Remarks. Pig iron used from car 27633. Test 145: Iron hot. Blast off 19 minutes; melting too fast to handle. Tests 146, 151, 152, and 153: Iron hot. Test 154-: 

Temperature of iron medium.
200 REPORT TJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7. '

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 13.

Bituminous coal from the Freeport bed at Creighton, Allegheny 

County, on the Pennsylvania Kailroad, was designated Pennsylvania 

No. 13. The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 5 feet 10 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in producer-gas tests 

136 and 140.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3437 was taken 4,800 feet northwest of the opening, where the coal 

measured 6 feet 1 inch in thickness. Sample 3438 was taken 5,500 

feet northwest of the opening, where the coal measured 5 feet 8 

inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 13.

Proximate :

Fixed carbon ........

Sulphur.............

Mine samples.

3437 

1.00

2.53 

33.99 

54. 50 

8.98 

2.21

3438 

1.30

2.93 

34.02 

55. 52 

7.53 

1.87

Car 

sample.

3879 

1.40

2.65 

33.02 

51.17 

13. 16 

2.16

Ultimate: '

Carbon..............

OYvo'pn

Calorific value 1,: 

determined [Sf !°n .f" (asreceived).,1 *5 - 1 - u "

Mine samples.

7,420 

13,356

Car 

sample

5.11 

70.25 

1.21 

8.11

7,120 

12,816

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 13 (run of mine).

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch. ........ :

J inch to 1 inch. ............ .......

J inch to $ inch. ...........................

Under £ inch................ ... .......

Duration of test. . ............................

Total coal fired ...............................

0

O

..............................do....

..............................do....

..............................do....

Test 136.

65 '15

8

12

50

193.2

153.0

12, 600

Test 140.

49

24

12

15

50

196.5

144.9

11,750

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant 

(pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.30

1.30

1.16

l; 11

1.49

1.42

1.26

1.21

Pest 136.

Dry coal.

1.33

1.27

1.13

1.08

1.45

1.38

1.23

1.18

Combustible.

1.15

1.10

.98

.93

1.25

1.20

1.06

1.02

Coal as 

fired.

1.25

1.20

1.06

1.02

1.36

1.30

1.16

1.10

Test 140.

Dry coal.

1.23

1.18

1.04

1.00

1.34

1.28

1.14

1.09

Combustible.

1.08

1.03

.92

.08

1.19

1.12

1.00

.95
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 

Analyses.

201

Coal.

Ash..........................

Test 136.

2.65

33.02

51.17

13.16

2.16

Test 140.

1.65

33.06

53.22

12.07

' 1.80

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) ...............

Ethylene (C2H<) ..............

Test 136.

11.0

17.2

14.9

1 2.4

54 0

.5

Test 140.

11.1

11.5

12.6

2.1

<V7 1

.0

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 15,

Bituminous coal from the "Miller)} or B bed at Wehrum, Indiana 

County, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was designated Pennsylvania 

No. 15. The coal, as worked at a depth of 187 feet at this place, 

averages 3 feet 10 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in steaming tests 467 

(on briquets), 472, and 473; pro.ducer-gas test 144; washing test 

188; coking tests 185 and 188; and briquetting tests 176 and 184f 

(mixed with Rhode Island No. 1, see p. 223).

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4026 

was taken 2,000 feet northeast of the shaft, where the coal measured 

4 feet 2£ inches in thickness. Sample 4027 was taken 1,900 feet 

southwest of the shaft, where the coal measured 3 feet 6 inches in 

thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 15.

Proximate:

Ash...........................

Ultimate: .

Ash...........................

mined (as received).. \B. t. u. . .

Mine samples.

4026 

3.30

3.83 

19.03 

67.89 

9.25 

4.57

4027 

2.40

2.84 

17.47 

71.42 

8.27 

3.11

7,821 

14,079

Car samples.

4082 

2.80

3.13 

17.61 

69.45 

9.81 

3.77

4.62 

76.41 

1.14 

4.25

7.664 

13, 795

4104 

2.10

2.57 

18.09 

69.01 

10. 33 

3.97

4.43 

75.89 

1.16 

4.22

7.618 

13, 712

Steaming tests.o

472.

' '1.88 

17.60 

69.06 

11.46 

5.37

4.13 

75.63 

1.15 

1.94 

11.68 

5.47

473.

2.45 

17.55 

70.56 

9.44 

3.87

4.31 

78.83 

1.21 

2.00 

9.68 

3.97

467.

3.90 

23.35 

64.65 

8.10 

3.11

4.35 

78.71 

1.09 

4.18 

8.43 

3.24

Briquetting test 

184t.<>

4913

0.74 

15.96 

69.71 

13.59 

2.61

3.05 

77.48 

.49 

2.65 

13.70 

2.63

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

bPro: Proxiiuate.analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.
202 REPORT IT. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 15 (run of mine).

Test 472. Test 473. Test 467.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch................................................per cent..

i inch to 1 inch.......... 7...... ........................ ....... do....

| inch to J inch...............................................do....

Under \ inch..................................................do....

Average diameter............................................. .inch..

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel....................B. t. n. per pound of dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper....................................inch water..

Above fire.....................................................do....

Furnace temperature...............................................°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour........pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating'Surface 

per hour.....................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of. boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212* F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry fuel.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible..................................... .do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Fuel as fired-:

Per indicated horsepower hour ........................... .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour............................... .do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do.:..

Per electrical horsepower hour..................'............. .do....

8.2

11.1

19.2

61.5

0.41

8.75

13,729

0.81

.27

2.512

16.87

3.00

84.2

7.27

8.76

8.93

10. 57

62.81

3,23

3.99

3.17

3.91

' 4.6 

6.9 

13.9 

74.6 

0.31 

9.77

14,240

0.82

.23

2,615

17.24

3.25

91.2

7.65

9.22

9.45

10.85

64.09

3.07

3.79

2.99 

3! 69

 Seep.204.

8.87

14,258

0.76

.17

2,753

17.63

3.53

99.00

7.98

9.65

10.04

11.30

68.00

2.93

3.62

-2.82 

3.48

Remarks. Test 467 on Renfrew briquets from test 176, which burned freely with 

short.flame, 5.4 per cent black smoke, and very hot fire; briquets coking well and 

throwing off fragments of coke in ash during combustion; 39 per cent clinker, thin, 

metallic, red and black, brittle when cold; ash of dark gray color, looked like coke.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Pennsylvania No. 15 (lump).

Test 144- Size as used: Over 1 inch, 7 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 14 per cent; \ inch 

to \ inch, 18 per cent; under \ inch, 61 per cent. Duration of test, 24 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 191.8. Average B; t. xi. per cubic foot of gas, 144.4. Total 

coal fired, 5,700. pounds. . . ' ...._.-.......

Coal consumed in -producer per horsepower hour (pounds'). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal 

as fired.

1.29

1.24

1.10

1.05

1.43

1.37

1.22

1.17

Dry 

coal.

1.26

1.21

1.07

1.03

1.39

1.34

1,18

1.14

Combustible.

1.12

1.08

.96

.92

1.25

1.20

LOG

1.02

Carbon dioxide (CO2).'.. 

Carbon monoxide (CO). 

Hydrogen (H2).........

Methane (CH<) .........

Nitrogen (Ni)...........

Ethylene (C2H<)........

Analysis of gas by volume.0-

10.7'

17.2

15.8

2.2

53.8

.3

a For analyses of fuel used see p. 201 (sample 4104).
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 203

WASHING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 15.

Test 188. Duration of test, 2 hours. . Size as used, through 1-inch screen. Jig used, 

special; speed, 70 r. p. m.; stroke, 2\ inches. Raw coal, 20.37 tons; washed coal, 15.25 

tons, 75 per cent; refuse, 5.12 tons, 25 per cent.

Analyses.

Sample tested. Lab, No.

4082 

4597

Moisture.

3.13 

C.45 

5.78

Ash.

Percent.

9.81 

5.38 

47.18

Per cent reduction.

45

Sulphur.

Percent.

3.77 

1.53 

19.78

Per cent reduction.

59

Float and sink tests.

No. of test.

On raw coal (preliminary) :

2...'...................

3......................

4......................

On refuse (float) : » 

1......................

2.................. ...

3......................

4......................

Size 

used 

(inch) .

' 1 

J 

i 

i

Specific 

gravity 

of solution 

used.

1.35 

1.41 

1.45 

1.52

1.35 

1.41 

1.46 

1.51

Percentage 

of float.

To 

refuse.

4

11.80 

13.20 

14.50 

17.20

To 

total 

sample.

72 

78 

80 

81

2.95 

3.30 

3.64 

4.30

Sink 

(per 

cent) .

28 

22 

20 

19

Analysis.

Ash.

Per 

cent.

5.47 

5.27 

5.54 

(i. 20 .

4 95

C.50

7.C5

8.15

Per ' 

cent reduction.

44 

46 

43 

3G

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

1.30 

1.45 

1.54 

1.71

1.71

2.13

2.29

2.88

Per 

cent reduction.

. GO 

62 

59 

55

n Figures indicate that finer crushing is advantageous. Loss of "good coal" in the refuse will not 

exceed 2 per cent. By "good coal" is meant all coal of a quality equal to or better than that of the 

washed coal.

COKING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 15 (run of mine, washed).

Breeze produced ............................

Total yield. .................................

f....do....

.......................... - -|per Cent. . 

(pounds...

Test 185.

f. n.

61

 9,750

5, 779

59.27 

 262

2. 69

Test 188.

54

12, 460

8,144

65. 36 

332

2.66

Remarks. Test 185: Dull-gray color; soft dense coke; high sulphur. Test 188: Light 

gray and silvery; much better than coke from finely ground coal; high sulphur.

Analyses.

Ash......... .........................................................

Test 185.

Coal.

7.19 

17.86 

69.57 

5.38 

1.63

Coke.

0.56 

.32 

91.10 

8.02 

1.46

Test 188.

Coal.

4.53 

18.56 

70.63 

 6.28 

 1.85

Coke.

0.57 

.55 

90.23 

8.65 

1.54
204 BBPOET II. S. .FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

BBIQUETTING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 15 (run of mine.) .

Test 176. Size as used: Over \ inch, 2.2 per cent; fa inch to 1 inch, 6 per cent; 

 fa inch, to TV inch, 12 per cent; ^ inch to -fa inch, 19 per cent; through fa inch, 

60.8 per cent. This test, with 7 per cent binder, gave satisfactory briquets, which 

were tough and easily handled without breaking when warm, but brittle when cold. 

Broke with characteristic smooth glossy fracture, hard surface, and sharp edges. For 

analyses of briquets see page 201 (steaming test 467).

Test 184\- Size as used:. Over \ inch, 0.8 per cent; fa inch, to \ inch, 7 per cent; 

fa inch to TV inch, 15 per cent; -fa inch to fa inch, 22.2 per cent; through fa inch, 

55 per cent. Pennsylvania No. 15 was mixed with an equal portion of Rhode Island 

No. 1 (run of mine) in this test. Excellent briquets were made with 6.25 per cent 

binder on the Renfrew machine. Although the pitch used had a low melting point, 

the briquets handled well from the machine, and piled without sticking. The outer 

surface was very hard and smooth, and broke without crumbling, giving a smooth 

fracture and sharp edges. For analyses of briquets see page 201.

Details of manufacture:

Temperature of briquets. °F. 

BinderKind.....................

Laboratory No. (see p. 40)

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted. pounds..

Fuel as received. .B. t. u. .

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Passed ................ do. ...

Test 

170.

Renf.

185 

w. g. p.

4553

8,000 

0.420

13,712

13,702

10,969

50.5

49.5

Test 

184-f.

' ttenf.

185 

w. g. p.

4543 

6.25

10,000 

0.5

fa!3, 712 

1*10,996

12,793

16,969

'68. 5

31.5

Tumbler test (1-inch .screen) :

Passed (fines) ........ .do. ... 

Fines through 10-mesh sieve

Weathering test:

Water absorption:

Average for first 

Test 

176.

70.5

29.5 

85.0

53

A.

22.0

4.05

1.043

" Test 

184|.

93.0

.7.0 

91.4

11

A.

13.3

1.90

1.275

a Pennsylvania No. 15. 6 Rhode Island No. 1 (see p. 223). 

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

Pitch.

4543

99.66

Fuel.

Pa. No. 

15.

4104 

2.10

.79

.77

R. I. No. 

1.

3141 

3.40

.02 

.02

Briquets.

Test 176.

2.80

5.89 

5.72 

5.02

Test 184f.

4913 

0.03

6.27 

6.25 

5.91

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 16.

Bituminous coal from the D bed at Hastings, Cambria County, 

on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was designated Pennsylvania No. 16. 

The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 4 feet 4 

inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of K. M. Way, consisted 

of run-of-mine coal, and was used in steaming tests 468 (on briquets) 

and 471, producer-gas test 148, and briqueting tests 172, 173, and 

174.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 205

.Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4028 

was taken several hundred feet from the opening, where the coal 

measured 4 feet 6 inches in thickness. Sample 4029- was taken on 

the other side of the mine, where the coal measured 4 feet 2 inches in 

thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 16.

Proximate :

Ash................................../..........

Ultimate:

Calorific value determined (as received)../^ 8 --

Mine samples.

4028 

2.30

2.8G 

22.04 

07.71 

0.79 

1.42

4029 

2.30

2.74 

22.00 

07.37 

7.23 

1.51

-

7,858 

14, 144

Car 

Sample.

4109 

3.90

4.25 

21.79 

00.09 

7.87 

1.59

4.72 

75. 92 

1.28 

8.62

7,507 

13,513

Steaming tests."

408.

4253

5.27 

23. 09 

02.09 

8.35 

1.08

4.30 

79.42 

1.29 

4.35 

8.81 

1.77

471.

4.16 

21.07 

05.84 

8.93 

1.00

4.38 

78.32 

1.33 

4.98 

9.32 

1.67

a. Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Pennsylvania No. 16 (run of nune).

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch. ..........................................

Under J inch. ........................................'..

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper. .................................

..................do....

..................do....

u. per pound dry fuel. .

...........inch water.. 

..................do....

............... ....."F..

. . . - nniiiids.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour,

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired . . Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Per pound of dry fuel ..................................

Fuel as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. .......................

Bryfuel:

..... .........pounds.. 

..................do...'.

..................do....

..................do....

.............. .pounds. . 

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

Test 408.

See p. 

200.

8.10 

14, 238

0.73 

.14 

2,855 

19.04

3.77 

105.7

7.78

9.40 

9.92 

11.03 

67.28

3.01 

3.71

2.85 

3.52

Test 471.

7.2 

11.6 

 18.8 

02.4 

.39 

10.03 

13, 939

0.70 

.20 

2,785 

18.52

3.53 

98.90 

7.59

9.15 

9.55 

11.03 

66.16

3.09 

. 3.82

2.96 

3.66

Remarks. Test 468 on briquets, equal weights, from tests 172, 173, and 174. Briquets from both machines burned slowly with very hot lire, medium length flame, 

and no smoke; 41 per cent heavy, rough, brittle clinker of gray color; small amount 

of fine unburnt coal contained in ash.
206 KEPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PKODUCER-GAS TEST.

Pennsylvania No. 16 (run of mine).

Test 148. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 399.2. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 149.5. Total coal fired, 9,950 pounds. '

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.04

1.00

.89

.85

1.17

1.12

.99

.95

Dry 

coal.

0.99

.95

.84

.80

1.11

1.06

.94

.90

Combustible.

0.90

.87

.77

.74

1.01

.97

.86

.82

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture................................'..... 5.32

Volatile matter........................ i.... 21. 75

Fixed carbon............................... 64.94

Ash......................................... 7.-90

Sulphur..................................... 1.60

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 10.1

Carbon monoxide (CO).................... 18.2

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 15.8

Methane (CH<).............................. 2.3

Nitrogen (N8)............................... 53.2

Ethylene (CsH,)............................ .4

BRIQITETTING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 16 (run of mine).

Tests 172, 178, 174. Size as used: Over | inch, 2.2 per cent; T^ inch to $ inch, 

5.4 per cent; £$ inch to TV inch, 11.2 -per cent; -^ inch to ^ inch, 21.4 per cent; 

through 5^5- inch, 59.8 per cent. There was no difference in physical appearance 

between English briquets with 6 and those with 7 per cent binder. All briquets were 

satisfactory, with smooth, very hard surface, characteristic glossy fracture, and sharp 

edges. Renfrew briquets broke without crumbling and were easily handled from 

machine when warm. For analyses of briquets see page 205 (steaming test 468).

Details of manufacture:

Machine used........................................................

Temperature of briquets...........................'.'............ °'Jb'..

Binder 

Kind.............................................................

Laboratory No. (see p. 4t)).......................................

Amount...............................................per cent..

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted........................................pounds..

Briquets, average.........................................do....

Heat value per poundFuel as received.........................................B. t. u..

Fuel as fired............................................... do....

Binder................................................... .do....

Drop test (1-inch screen):

Held.......................................................per cent..

Passed........................................................do....

Tumbler test (1-inch screen):

Held..........................................................do....

Passed (fines)..............:..................................do....

Fines through 10-mesh sieve..................................do....

Weathering test:

Time exposed.................................................days..

Condition............................................................

Water absorption:

In 19 days.................................................per cent..

Average for first 4 days....................................... do....

Specific gravity (apparent)....'..........................................

Test 172.

Eng. 

203

c. t. p. 

4319 

6

3, 500 

3.66

13,513 

13,487 

16, 139

76.1 

 23.9

78.8 

21.2 

64.0

54 

A.

13.9 

1.35 

1.113

Test 173.

Eng. 

203

c. t: p. 

4319

7

3;500 

3.69

13,513 

13, 487 

16, 139

80.4 

19.6

81.7 

18.3 

63.9

50 

A.

14.7 

1.30 

1.110

Test 174.

Renf. 

185

c. t. p. 

4319

7

5,000 

0.428

 13,513 

13. 487 

16, 139

44.5 

55.5

69.5 

30.5 

91.0

54 

B.

19.0 

3.30 

1.056
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 207

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2:

...................'.........do....

............................do....

............................do....

Fitch.

4319

GO. 25

Fuel.

4169

3.90

.06

.06

Briquets, 

tests 

172, 173, 

174.

4253

4.50

5.60

5.35

8.00

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 17.

Bituminous coa*l from the Upper Freeport or E bed at White, 

Indiana County, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was designated 

Pennsylvania No. 17. The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this 

place, averages 3 feet 3 inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of A. K.- Adams, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in steaming tests 496 

rind 506, producer-gas test 158, washing test 189, and coking tests 

178 (raw) and 186 (washed).

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

4336 was taken 700 feet southwest of the opening, where^ the coal 

measured 3 feet 3£ inches in thickness. Sample. 4337 was taken 

485 feet west of the opening, where the coal measured 3 feet 3 inches 

in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 17.

Proximate:

Ash .............................................

Ultimate: 

Hydrogen

Mine samples.

4336 

1.30

2.22 

30.91 

59.67 

7.20 

1.39

Sulphur . ........... . . .... .......' ------- -

~,._ , ... . , . ' . ,. (calories Calorific value determined (as received) . .<^ ^ ^ ' ----------

4337 

1.30

2.22 

30.95 

58.41 

8.42 

1.54

7,767 

13,801

Car 

sample.

4421 

. 3.30

4. 35 

27.76 

. 55. 99 

11.90 

 1.51

5.04 

71.62 

1.39 

8. 54

7,202 

12, 964

1 Steaming tests."

496.

3.45 

28.33 

55.62 

12.60 

1.55

4.73 

74.32 

1.44 

4.85 

13.05 

1.61

506.

2.81 

27.91 

57.85 

11.43 

1.66

4.79 

75.36 

1.46 

4.92 

11.76 

1.71

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured^from car sample.
208 KEPORT U. S.- FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 17 (run of mine).

Test 496. Test 506.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch..........................................................per cent..

£ inch to 1 inch:........................................................ .do....

J inch to J inch..........................................................do....

Under J inch........... ; .................................................do....

Average diameter........................................................inch..

Duration of test.............................................................hours..

Heating value of coal..............................B. t.-u. per pound of dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper............................................. .inch water..

Above fire...............................................................do....

In ash pit................................................................do....

Furnace temperature......................................................... °F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour..................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds...........................................................................

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired................................................do....

Per pound of dry coal....................................................do....

Per pound of combustible. -.............................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate......................................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.......................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour..........................................do.

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.

14.4

28.1

22.3

35.2

0.62

10.00

13,455

0.86 

.21

2,768

20.00

3.63

101.8

7.28

8.78

9.09

10.76

65.24

3.22

3.98

3.11

3.84

6.3

15.8

22.1

55.8

0.43

9.23

13,644

0.76

.06

.32

2,444

20.00

3.50

98.00

7.02

8.51

8.76

10.16

62.00

3.32

4.10

3.23

3.99

PBODUCER-GAS TEST.

Pennsylvania No. 17 (run of mine).

Test 158. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 188.4. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 141.2. Total coal fired, 13,200 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available. ............................. .......... .

Developed at switchboard ... .

Per brake horsepower :

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.46

1 4fl

1.24

1.19

1.55

1.49

1.31

1.26

D$y 

coal.

1 39 *1.U

1.19

1.14

1.48

1.42

1.26

1.21

Combustible.

1 91

1.16

1.03

0.99

1.2S

1.23

1.09

1.05

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture..............^..................... 4.40

Volatile matter............................. 28.01

Fixed carbon............................... 54.87

Ash......................................... 12.72

Sulphur..................................... 1.75

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)........................ 10.0

Carbon monoxide (CO) ...................... 17.5

Hydrogen (H2)............................... 13.7

Methane (CH<)............................... 2.2

Nitrogen (N2)...,..:.. 1...................... 56.1

Oxygen (Os)..........'...................-... .1

Ethylene (CsH<).............................. .4
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 209

WASHING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 17.

Test 189. Duration of test, 1£ hours. Size as used, through 1-inch screen. Jig 

used, special; speed, 70 r. p. m.; stroke, 2£ inches. Haw coal, 7.28 tons; washed 

coal, 6.30 tons, 87 per cent; refuse, 0.98 ton, 13 per cent.

Analyses.

Sample tested.

Washed coal, test 189. ..................

Lab. No.

4421 

4598

Moisture.

4.35 

5.18 

4.58

Ash. '

Percent.

11.90 

8.02 

41.50

Per cent reduction.

33

Sulphur.

Percent.

1.51

1.16 

8.85

Per cent reduction.

23

Float and sink tests.

No. of test.

On raw coal (preliminary) : 

1. ............... .....

2. .....................

3......................

4......................

On refuse (float) : <*

2......................

3.....................'.

4......................

Size 

used 

(inch).

' I

* 

*

Specific

gravity 

of solution 

used.

1.35 

1. 40 

1.45 

1.52

1.35 

1. 41 

1.45 

1.51

Percentage of 

float.

To 

refuse.

iaoo

1400 

19.30 

23.75

To

total 

sample.

86 

90 

91 

91

1.70 

l.SO 

2.60 

. 3.20

Sink 

(per 

cent).

14 

10 

9 

9

Analyses.

Ash.

Per

cent.

a 14

5.69 

6.20 

7.51

5.39 

6.20 

8.15 

9.51

' Per 

cent, 

reduction.

57 

52 

48 

37

Sulphur.

Per . 

cent.

1. 00 

1.08 

1.26 

1.13

1.28

1.40

1.47

1.67

Per 

cent, 

reduction.

34 

28 

17 

25

a Loss of good coal as calculated, 1.5 per cent. By "good coal" is meant all coal of a quality equal to 

or better than that of the washed coal.

COKING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 17 (run of mine).

Total yield. .......................'.....

f....do....

................................ jper cent 

/pounds...

Test 178 

(raw).

f.c.

52

12, 220

7,923

64.94 

356

2.92 

67.86

Test 

186 (w.).

f.c.

44

11, 920

7,523

eau

307

. Oo

65.69

Remarks. Test 178: Light-gray and silvery; good weight coke; ash high. Test 186: 

Good, strong, heavy coke; light:gray and silvery. Washing improves both physical 

appearance and chemical analysis, reducing ash and sulphur.

Analyses.

Ash...................................................................

Test 178.

Coal.

4.41 

28.83 

57.86 

8.90 

1.39

Coke.

0.22 

'.36 

8455 

 14 87 

1.37

Test 186.

Coal.

6.30 

28.24 

57.22 

8.24 

1.19

Coke.

0.29 

.56 

87.96 

11.19 

1.00

19698 Bull. No. 332 08-^-14
210 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7. 

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 18.

Bituminous coal from a mine working the "Miller" bed, outcropping at Lloyolell, Cambria County, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, 

was designated Pennsylvania No'.- 18.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal shipped under the 

supervision of K. M. Way, and was used in steaming tests 499 and 

515 (on briquets); briquetting tests 196*, 197*, 200*, 201, 202, 205, 

232*f, 236f, and 250f; mixed with Rhode Island No1. 1 in briquetting test 243f; and mixed with Miscellaneous No..9 in briquetting 

tests 238f, 239f, 240f, and 248. Four cars were shipped to the plant, 

and one car was shipped to the Pennsylvania Railroad locomotivetesting plant at Altoona.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4347 

was cut from the left.entry, 2,500 feet south of the mouth of the drift. 

Sample 4348 was taken from the face of the fifth left entry, 3,200 

feet south of the mouth of the drift.

Six car samples were taken sample 4509 for complete chemical 

^analysis, and five others for air-drying loss and moisture, as follows;

Moisture. .....................................................

4490

8.10

8.72

4514

a so

432

4547

4.40

5.01

4505

6.20

6.60

449

461

5.1

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 18.

Proximate:

Fixed carbon. ..................................

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Mine samples.

 4347 

1.90

 2.43 

17.75 

73.21 

6.61 

1.34

4348 

2.20

2.66 

17.60 

71.18 

8.56 

2.97

7,775 

13,995

Car 

sample.

4509 

4.10

4.46 

15.44 

71.63 

8.47 

1.49

4.80 

77.43 

11.28 

6.53

7,601 

13,682

Steaming tests. «

499.

1512

4.05 

19.68 

66.56 

9.71 

1.72

4.29 

79.76 

1.05 

2.99 

10.12 

1.79

515.

4755

5.95 

18.41 

67.00 

8.64 

1.34

4.16 

 80.41 

1.19 

3.63 

9.19 

1.42

Proximate:

Ash............................

Ultimate: 

Hydrogen. .....................

Carbon. ........................

Ash....:.......................

Briquetting tests. &

196*.

3.25 

18.17 

69.87 

8.71 

1.42

4.12 

81.41 

1.19 

2.81 

9.00 

1.47

200*.

3.01 

17.84 

70.53 

8.62 

1.38

4.13 

82.27 

1.27 

2.02 

8.89 

1.42

232*t,205.

2.41 

19.41 

68.86 

9.32 

1.75

4.10 

81.20 

1.11 

2.25 

9.55 

1.79

236f.

4.71 

18.43 

69.14 

7.72 

1.19

4.40 

81.77 

1.26 

3.22 

8.10 

1.25

238f.

1.83 

15.05 

69.52 

13.60 

1.61

3.12 

77.24 

.70 

3.48 

13.82 

1.64

239f.

1.30 

13.73 

69.67 

13.50 

1.19

2.81 

70.94 

.75 

8.79 

15.50 

1.21

240f.

1.1)6 

15.87 

69.24 

13.83 

1.44

2.81 

76.02 

.81 

4.92 

13.98 

1.46

243f.

1.34 

16.39 

70.34 

11.93 

1.37

3.46 

77.79 

.53 

4.74 

12.09 

1.39

250f.

2/55 

24.23 

62.80 

10.42 

1.99

4.36 

78.64 

.88 

3.39 

10.69 

2.04

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample, 

& Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Pennsylvania No. 18 (briquets).

211

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature. . ................................................

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired ............

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Fuel as nred:

Dry fuel:

md dry fuel. .

.......do....

.........°F..

surface per

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

Test 499.

8.58 

14,119

0.81 

.19 

2,854 

21.50

4.09 

114.7 

7.54

9.14 

 9.52 

10.72 

65.11

3.09 

3.82

2.97 

3.66

Test 515.

9.22 

14,292

0.84 

.18 

2,709 

21.13

4.02 

112.6 

7.38

8.95 

9.52 

10.62 

64.33

3.16 

3.90

2.97 

3.67

Remarks. Test 499 on Renfrow briquets from tests 201 and 202; test 515 on English 

briquets from test 197*. English briquets fired whole, both burned with short flame, 

intense white heat, and no smoke. English briquets made 26 per cent clinker; 

Renfrow briquets made 44 per cent clinker.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 18 (run of mine).

Tests 196*, 197*, 200*, 201, 202, 205, 282*, 236], and 250]. Size as used: Over J inch, 

1.4 per cent; ^ inch to £ inch, 5 per cent; ^ inch to .jff inch, 10.6 per cent; ^ inch 

to -fa inch, 24.8 per cent; through ^ inch, 58.2 per cent. Excellent briquets were 

made with 5, 6, and 7 per cent binder on the English machine; 8 per cent binder gave 

good results on the Renfrow machine, but those with 6 and 7 per cent binder were 

not satisfactory. This coal worked equally well with high and low moisture content, 

making briquets with hard surfaces that were easily handled and piled. The fracture 

was smooth, the particles of coal being so thoroughly cemented that the appearance 

was like a Solid mass. For analyses of briquets see page 210 (briquets from tests 

201 and 202 under "Steaming test 499," from test 197* under "Steaming test 515").

Details of manufacture:

Temperature of briBinder 

Kind........'....... 

Laboratory No. 

(seep. 40). 

Amount, per cent. . Weight of 

Fuel briquetted,

Briquets, average,

Heat value per poundFuel as received, 

B. t. u... ........

Fuel as fired, 

. B. t. u...........

; Binder. ...B. t. u..

Test 

196*.

158

w.g.p.

4683

'6 

24,000

3.57

13, 682

14,029

16,637

Test 

197*.

140

w. g. p.

4683

7 

128,000

3.02

13,682

13, 442

16,637

Test 

200*.

Eng.

185

w. g. p. 

5 

24,000

3.66

13, 682

13,946

16,637

Test 

201.

149

w. g. p. 

6 

3,000

0.456

13,682

13, 547

16,637

Test 

202.

Kenf.

149

w«

7 

0,500

0.439

13,682

13, 547

16,637

Test 

205.

Renf.

158

w. g. p. 

4806

8 

6,000

0.407

13, 682

13,937

16,637

Test 

232*f.

167

w. g. p.

4806

8 

140,000

0.409

13, 082

13,937

1G,864S

Test 

236f.

Eng.

158

w. g. p.

4800

7 

40,000

3.02

13, 082

13,873

10,864

Test 

250f.

157

(«) 

4825

8 

1,800

3.91

13, 682

13,680

17, 156

o Wax tailings.
212 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

BRIQUETTING TESTS Continued. 

Pennsylvania No. 18 (run of mine).

Drop test (1-inch screen):

Tumbler test (1-in. screen) : 

Held ....... .per cent . .

Fines through 10-mesh

Weathering test:

Water absorption:

Average for first 4 days,

Specific gravity (apparent) .

Test 

196*.

70.6

29.4

66.0 

34.0

76.0

1

A.

14.9

1.85

1.129

Test 

197*.

66.7

33.3

66.1 

33.9

59.5

12.0

1.55

1.161

Test 

200*.

62.5

37.5

72.2

27.8'

77.6

11.5

2.10

1.131

Test 

201.

21.0

.79.0

51.0 

49.0

89.7

17.4

3.12

1.088

Test 

202.

41.0

59.0

71.0 

29.0

89.2

16.0

2.88

1.106

Test 

205.

54.5

45.5

85.0 

15.0

89.7

15.3

2.33

1.102

Test 

232*f.

54.5

45.5

89/5 

10.5

90.3

11.0

1.83

1.164

Test 

236f.

67. 5

32.5

61.8 

38.2

53.4

11.7

2.13

1.156

Test 

250f.

89.0

11.0

91.9 

8.1

46.2

5.9

0.95

1.240

Extraction analyses.a

Extracted by CSz: 

Air-dried. ...... ..........do.... 

As received ............... do. ..'.

Fuel.

4490

8.10

.76 

.69

Test 

196*.

5061

5.44 

5.36

Test 

197*.

4755

5.10

5. 91 

5. 61

]

Test 

200*.

5052

""4." 68" 

4.51

Sriquets

Tests 

201, 

202.

4512

3.90

5.96 

5.73 

5.70

Tests 

205, 

232*f.

5049

""8."ii"

7.78

Test 

236t4797

3.80

7.69 

7.38 

6.98

Test 

250f.

4906

1.70

. 8.10 

7.96 

7.33

a For extraction analyses of pitches used, see p. 40.

Test 238^. Pennsylvania No. 18, 75 per cent; miscellaneous No. 9 (coke breeze), 

25 per cent. Satisfactory briquets were made with 8 per cent binder; similar to 

briquets from Pennsylvania .No. 18, alone. Surfaces smooth and hard; fracture/! 

surface smooth with sharp edges; could be handled easily while warm, and did not 

crush or stick together when piled warm.

Test %S9\. Equal parts of Pennsylvania No. 18 and miscellaneous No. 9. The 

briquets were softer when warm than in test 238f, but could be handled without 

breaking; very hard when cold; broke without crumbling; fractured surface rough 

but firm.

Test 240\. Pennsylvania No. 18, 25 per cent; miscellaneous No. 9, 75 per cent. 

The briquets were very soft when warm and could not be handled without considerable breakage, but hard when cold; fractured surface very rough, with edges that 

crumbled easily. This test showed the necessity of handling fuel mechanically until 

cold to prevent breakage.

Test 243\. Equal parts of Pennsylvania No. 18 and Rhode Island No. 1, both run 

of mine.- An effort was made to improve the burning qualities by increasing the 

melting point of the binder, but owing to the hardness of the pitch used and insufficient 

pressure, these briquets were not satisfactory. They could not be handled when warm 

without many being broken, but when cold were brittle, producing considerable slack 

in_handling. No physical tests were made.

Test 248. Pennsylvania No. 18, 10 per cent; miscellaneous No. 9, 90 per cent. 

Characteristics of briquets noted in test 240f were more pronounced. The breakage 

of warm briquets in falling from machine and during handling with coke fork was
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 213

fully 50 per cent, showing the necessity of careful handling of briquets on a belt conveyor until they are cool. The cold briquets were handled satisfactorily. 

For analyses of briquets, see page 210.

Size as used:

Details of manufacture:

Binder 

Kind........................................

. Weight of 

Heat value per pound 

(Pa. No. 18........B.t. u..

|\fi(j/> ^Jf) 0 flri

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Tumbler test (1-inch semen) : Held. .................................... .do. ...

Water ahsorptionr

Average for firstTest 

238f.

1.0

6.8

14.2

21.8

56.2

Renf.

167

w. g- P4806

8.0

10,000

0.485

13,682

10,870

13,185

16,864

48.0

52. 0

87.0

13.0

84.4

13.9

2.42

1.165

Test 

239f.

0.6

6.2

15.0

23.4

54.8

Renf.

167

4806

8.0

8,000

0.479

13, 082

10,870

12,787

16,864

' 56. 5

43.5

78.5

21.5

92.0

15.8

2.07

1. 177

Test 

240f.

1.4

7.8

10.0

26.2

48.0

Renf.

167

v. g. p.

. 4806

8.0

8,000

0. 568

13,082

10,870

12,721

10,804

40.0

00.0

90.0

10.0

100.0

14.0

2.4

1.280

Test 

243f.

1.0

6.8

17.6

25.2

49.4

Renf.

185

w. g. p.

4625

8.0

2,000

13,082 

10,990

i3, 387

16,570

.

Test 

248.

1.4

8.4

10.8

29.0

44.4

Renf.

158

w. g. p.

4879

8.0

2,000

0.479

13,082

10,870

16,805

61.0

39.0

. 80.0

20.0

85.2

19.5

2.68

1.148

Extraction analyses.

'

Extracted bvCS2 :

As received ...... .do. ... 

Pitch in briquets as rePitches.

4625

80. 50

4806

90. 90

Fuels.

Pa. No. 

18.

4490 

8.10

.76 

.69

R.I.

No. 1.

3141 

3.40

.02 

.02

Misc. 

No. 9.

4763 

1.30

.15 

.15

Briquets.

Test 

238f.

4930 

1.00

7.21 

7.21

7.17

Test 

239f.

4932 

0.90

7.55 

7. 52

7. 35

Test 

240f.

4977

7.43 

7.14

Test 

243f.

4832 

0.70

8.91 

8.84

9.41

1STO. 1.9.

Bituminous coal from the Pittsburg bed one-fourth mile north of 

Herminie, Westmoreland. County, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was 

designated Pennsylvania No. 19. The coal, as worked at a depth of 

300 feet at this place, averages 6 feet 2£ inches in thickness.

One sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal shipped under the 

supervision of A. K. Adams, was used in steaming tests 498 and 508 

(on briquets), coking tests 176 and 177, and briquetting tests 218, 

219, and 242.
214 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Two. mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

4351 was taken 1,400 feet north of the opening, where the coal 

measured 5 feet 8f inches in thickness. Sample 4352 was taken 

4,000 feet south of the opening, where the coal measured 6 feet 7f 

inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 1.9.

Proximate:

Volatile matter. .....................

Ash..................................

Ultimate:

O YVjypTi

Ash..................................

Calorific value determined (as /calories..

Mine samples.

4351 

1.70

2.81 

32.21 

58.71 

6.27 

.99

4352 

1.00

2.01 

33.56 

58.11 

6.32 

1.39

7,862 

14, 152

Car 

sample.

4489 

2.40

3.39 

31.79 

56. 46 

8.36 

1.05

5.07 

74.42 

1.39 

9.71

7,566 

13, 699

Steaming tests.a

498.

3.20 

31.65 

57.32 

7.83 

1.51

4.86 

77.11 

1.44 

6.94 

8.09 

1.56

508.

4648

- 5. '12 

33.00 

54.36 

7.52 

1.05

4.76 

77.93 

1.41 

6.86 

7.93 

1.11

Briquetting test 

242.0

4828 

0.50

1.75 

33.50 

55.24 

9.51 

1.36

4.52 

75.91 

1.35 

7.16 

9.69 

1.38 

7,.581 

13, 646

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 19 (run of mine).

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch .................................................

Average diameter. ...:......................................

Force of draft:

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour ....... 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired. ....... 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Fuel as fired :

Dry fuel:

............do....

............. do....

)ound of dry fuel. .

............do.,..

........... ...°F..

.........pounds., 

surface per hour,

.........pounds.. 

...........!do....

............do....

............do....

............do....

............do....

.............do....

Test 498.

67.1 

12.4 

1.8 

12.7 

1.99 

9.50 

14,128

0.86 

.19

2,828

20.42

q Qi

106.8

7.48

9.05 

9.35 

10.48 

63.91

3.12 

3.86

3.02

3.73

Test 508.

Seep.215.

9.38 

14, 270

0.97 

.23

20. 96

4.05 

113.7 

7.58

9.20 

9.69 

10.79 

65.58

3.07 

3.79

2.92 

3.60

Remarks. Test 508 on briquets, equal parts from tests 218 and 219.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. '

COKING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 19 (run of mine).

Total yield. .................................

f...do....

........................... -|per cent. . 

(pounds..

................................do.....

Test 176.

30

12. 110

7,800

64.41 

315

2.60 

67.01

Test 177.

f c

40

12, 100

8,490

70.17 

336

. ia

72:95

Remarks. Test 176: Good heavy coke; light gray with a little silvery deposit of carbon. Brittleness probably due to unbroken pieces of slate. Test 177: Good heavy 

coke; light gray and silvery. Crushing improves physical properties of coke and 

increases yield. Breakage, good large uniform-sized pieces.

Analyses.

Moisture. ............ s ................ ......... ......................

Ash...................................................................

Test 176.

Coal.

3.01 

30. GO 

57. 17 

9.16 

1.16

Coke.

0.24 

.19 

88.06 

11.51 

.95

Test 177.

Coal.

3.57 

29.50 

59. 17 

7.70 

.98

Coke.

0.13 

.49 

87.45 

11.93 

.83

BRIQUETTING TESTS. , .

Pennsylvania No. 19 (run of'mine).

Tests 218, 219, %42. Size as used: Over ^-inch, 3 per cent; TVinch to £-inch, 8.8 

per cent; ^V'incn to TVincn > 17 per cent; ?Vincn to Tirincn > 2fi-3 per cent; through 

^-inch, 47.6 per cent.

Briquets with 6, 7, and 8 per cent binder appeared equally satisfactory. Edges 

were sharp, surfaces hard and smooth, fracture clear with firm edges. Renfrow briquets had a glossy surface. All briquets handled and piled well. For analyses of 

briquets see page 214 (those from tests 218 and 219 under " Steaming test 508").

Test 

218.

Test 

219.

Test 

242.

Details of manufacture:

Machine used.............................................'...........

Temperature of briquets........................................ °F..

Binder 

Kind.............................................................

Laboratory No. (see p. 40)......................................

Amount...............................................per cent..

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted........................................pounds..

Briquets, average.............................................do....

Heat value per poundFuel as received ....................................... i. .B. t. u..

Fuel as fired.............................................. do....

Binder....................................................do....

Drop test (1-inch screen):

Held.......................................................per cent..

Passed........................................................ do....

Tumbler test (1-inch screen):

Held...........................................................do....

Passed (fines)................................................. do....

Fines through 10-mesh sieve.................................. do....

Water absorption:

In 13 days.....................................................do....

In 10 

Average or first 8 days........................................do....

Specific gravity (apparent)..............................................

Eng. 

185

w. g. p.

4683

0

8,000

3.65

13,699

13,540

16,637

73.8

20.2

75.6

24.4

70.0

8.6

Eng. 

185

w. g. p.

4683

7

4,000

3.74

13,699

13.540

16,637

78.5

21.5

78.8

21.2

65.0

8.4

Renf. 

149

w. g. p.

4806

8

4,000

0.431

13,699

13,046

16,864

,78.5 

21.5

91.5

8.5

90.09

1.0

1.124

1.0

1.133

7.9

1.0

1.125
216 EEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7. 

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSa: 

Air-dried ................................ .do. ...

Pitches.

4683

89.31

4806

96.90

Fuel.

 4681 

1.00

.75 

.74

Briquets.

Tests 

218, 219.

4648 

4.00

6.04 

5.80 

5.71

Test 242.

4828 

0.50

9.75 

9.16 

8.21

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 2O.

Bituminous coal from the Lower Kittanning or B bed, 1£ 

miles .east of Seward, Westmoreland County, on the Pennsylvania 

Railroad, was designated Pennsylvania No. 20. This coal, as 

worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 3 feet 7 inches in 

thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in steaming tests (on briquets) 

512 and 514; washing test 194; coking tests 179 and 182; and briquetting tests 198f, 208, 209, 212, 213f, 215, and 216.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

4349 was taken 1,850 feet south of the opening, where the coal 

measured 3 feet 9 inches in .thickness. Sample 4350 was taken 1,050 

feet southwest of the opening, where the coal measured 3 feet 5 inches 

in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 20.

Proximate:

Ash......................................

Ultimate: 

Hvdrosen

Ash.............:...,....................

Mine samples.

4349 

2. 30

2.80 

17..92 

71.32 

7.90 

2.29

4350 

2.00

2.48 

. 17. 87 

70.41 

9.24 

3.03

7,679 

13,822

Car

sample.

4517

400 

15.89 

69.57 

10.54 

2.85

7,4ij> 

13,347

Steaming

tests, a

512.

4726

3.50 

19.98 

67.71 

8.81 

1.59

4.39 

81.06 

1.06 

2.72 

9.13

1.64

514.

4713

2.79 

21.11 

67.79 

8.31 

1.91

4.42 

80. 25 

1.09 

3.73 

S.55 

1.96

Briquetting 

tests. &

198f.

4769

C. 16 

19.23 

64.38 

10.23

2:68

4.20 

78.12 

1.09 

2.83 

10.90 

2.86

213f.

4885

1.23 

20.58 

67.74 

10.45 

2.98

4.56 

79.21 

1.12 

1.51 

10.58 

3.02

a Proximate analysis of fuel as flred; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAMING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 20 (briquets).

217

Duration of test ............................................

Force of draft:

Above fire .............................................

................hours..

per pound of dry fuel. .

..................do....

. . . . . _ . _ nonnds. .

Equivalent water evaporated .per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds ...................................................-.----.-----------------

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Fuel as fired: 

Dry fuel:

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

Test 512 

(w.).

7.77 

14, 495

0.93 

.19 

19. 93

3.84 

107. 7 

7.70

9.32 

9.05 

10. 7G 

04.29

3.03 

3.75

2.93 

3.02

Test 514.

7.93 

14,382

0.93 

.23 

27.52

4.47 

125.3 

0.54

7.91 

8.14 

9.06 

54.66

3.58 

4.41

3.47 

 4.29

Remarks. Test 512 on briquets from tests 215 and 216 (equal weights); briquets 

burned freely, with intense heat and no smoke; 31 per cent clinker. Test 514 on 

briquets from tests 208 and 209 (equal weights); briquets burned freely, with intense 

heat and no smoke; 50 per cent clinker.

WASHING TESTS. ,

. Pennsylvania No. 20.

Test 19^ Duration of test, 2$ hours. Size as used, through 1-inch screen. Jig 

used, special; speed, 70 r. p. m.; stroke, 2$ inches. Raw coal, 22.21 tons; washed 

coal, 17.25 tons, 78 per cent; refuse, 4.96 tons, 22 per cent.

Analyses.

Sample tested. Lab. 

No.

4517 

4553.

Moisture.

. 4.00 

6.48 

10.21

Ash.

Per 

cent.

10.54 

6.76 

46.25

Per cent reduction.

36

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

2.85

1.30 

17.40

Per cent reduction.

54

Float and sink tests.

Number of test.

On raw coal (preliminary) :

2......................

3......................

4......................

On refuse (float) : o

o

3......................

4. .............. ......t

Size 

used 

(inch) .

J

Specific 

gravity 

of solution 

used.

1.35 

1.42 

1.45 

.1.52

1.35 

1.41 

1.45 

1.53

Percentage of 

float.

To 

refuse.

17.20 

18.50 

19.88 

20.20

To 

total 

sample.

83

88 

88 

89

3.91 

4.20 

4.51 

4.59

Sink 

(per 

cent).

17 

12 

12 

11

Analyses.

Ash.

Per

cent.

4.95 

5. 66 

4.72 

6.07

5. 42

5.69

6.45

7.89

Per 

cent reduction.

53 

46 

55 

42

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

0.93 

1.24 

1.02 

1.09

1.69

1.69

2.15

2.08

Per 

cent reduction.

67 

57 

64 

02

o Figures indicate that finer crushing is advantageous. Loss of " good coal" in the refuse will not 

exceed 2 per cent. By "good coal" is meant all coal of a quality equal to.or better than that of the 

washed coal.
218 BEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

.COKING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 20 (run of mine).

l....do....

..................... ^per cent 

/pounds. . .

...-.........--..-. jper cent. .

Test 179 

(raw) .-

f. c.

68

13, 070

8,129'

62.20 

420

. £t 1

65.41

Test 182 

(w.).

f. C.

78

11, 760

7,350

62.50 

529

67.00

Remarks. Test 179: Light-gray and silvery color; soft, dense coke; high ash and 

sulphur. Test 182: Gray color; soft, dense coke; ash and sulphur reduced by washing; no improvement in physical appearance.

Analyses.

Ash. ...................................................................

Test 179.

Coal.

3.91 

16.35 

68.30 

11.44 

2.78

Coke.

0.30 

.28 

84.95 

14.47 

2.31

Test 182.

Coal.

6.30 

17.04 

69.58 

7.08 

1.34

Coke.

0.51 

.58 

89.85 

9.06 

1.11

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 20 (run of mine).

Tests 198, 208, and 209. Size as used: Over J inch, 0.8 per cent; fa inch to £ inch, 

3.6 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 11.2 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 27.0 per cent; 

through fa inch, 57.4 per cent. Briquets from both machines had similar appearance, with smooth, hard surface; were very brittle, and broke with a glossy fracture 

and sharp edges. The percentage of binder seemed to have little effect on.brittleness, 

although Renfrew briquets, with 8 per cent binder, handled with less breakage.

Tests 212, 213^, 215, and 216 (on ivashed coal). Size as used: Over \ inch, 0.8 per 

cent; T\> inch to \ inch, 4.8 per cent; -^ inch to fa inch, 16.0 per cent; fa inch 

to fa inch, 26.0 per cent; through fa inch, 52,4. per cent. There was no noticeable difference between these briquets and those made from raw coal.

For analyses of briquets see page 216 (those from tests 208 and 209 under "Steaming 

test 514;" from tests 212, 215, and 216 under " Steaming test 512 ").

.

Details of manufacture:

Binder 

Kind.................................

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted ........... .pounds . .

Heat value per pound 

Drop test (1-inch screen) : 

Held .......................... .per cent . . 

Passed. .......................... .do ....

Test 

198t.

Eng. 

158

w. g. p. 

4683 

6

3,200 

3.52

13,347 

13,198 

16,637

74.8 

25.2

Test 

208.

Eenf. 

158

w. g. p. 

4683

7

4,500 

0.451

13,347 

13,981 

16,637.

19.5 

80.5

Test 

209.

Renf. 

158

w. g. p. 

4683 

8

8,000 

0.457

13,347 

13,981 

16,637

26.0 

74.0

Test 

212.

Renf. 

158

w. g. p. 

4683

7

6,500 

0.427

14,639

16,637

23.0 

77.0

Test 

213f.

Renf. 

158

w. g. p. 

4683 

8

6,500 

0.458

14,639 

13,896 

16,637

19.5 

80.5

Test 

215.

Eng. 

176

w. g. p. 

4683 

6

6,400 

3.63

14,639 

13,988 

16,637

74.6 

25.4

Test 

216.

Eng. 

176

w.g.p. 

4683

7

3,300 

3.44

14,639 

13,988 

16,637

71.9 

28.1
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 219

BRIQUETTING TESTS Continued. 

Pennsylvania No. 20 (run of mine).

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) :

Passed (fines) ....:............... .do. ...

Fines through 10-mesh sieve. .... .do. . . . Water absorption:

Test 

198f71.0

29.0

65.4

H e

1.141

Test 

208.

54.0

46.0

86.8 

15.5

2.78

1.11

Test 

209.

61.5

88.5

86.4 

15.0

2.66

1. 127

Test 

212.

67.0

33.0

91.6 

19 0

i i

1.043

Test 

213f.

64.0

36.0

87.3 

14.5

9 V\

1.144

Test 

215.

74.0

26.0

63.2 

9 5

i zfi

Test 

216.

70. 5

29.5

70.4 

11.0

1.56

1.121

Extraction analyses..

Extracted by CSj:

Pitch.

4683

89.31

Fuel.

4498 

3.10

1.02 

.99

Briquets.

Test 

198f.

. 4769 

5.50

5.60 

5.29 

5.00

Tests 

208, 209.

4713 

2.00

6.86 

6.72 

6.49

Test 

213f.

4885 

0.60

8.03 

7.98 

7.92

Tests 

215, 216.

4726 

3.10

6.90 

6.61 

6.37

NO. 21.

Bituminous coal from the Pittsburg bed, 2 miles southwest of Connellsville, Fayette County, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was designated Pennsylvania No. 21. The coal, as worked at a depth of 315 

feet at this place, averages 7 feet 6J inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of A. K. Adams, consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in coking tests 183, 187, 189, 

191, and 192, and cupola test 190.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4411 

was taken 6,500 feet northwest of the opening, where the coal measured 7 feet 5£ inches in thickness. Sample 4412 was taken 9,000 feet 

northwest of the opening, where the coal measured 7 feet 8 inches in 

thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 21.

Proximate:

Fixed carbon .........

Mine samples.

4412 

1.80

2.82 

29.97 

59.84 

7.37 

1.22

4411 

1.40

2.40 

29.90 

60.48 

7.22 

.97

Car 

sample.

4609 

4.20

5.13

27.87 

58.29 

8.71 

.86

Ultimate:

Calorific value] ,. determine d^al°"f- ' 

(as received)] i$ - t- u " 

Mine samples.

7,773 

13,991

Car

sample.

4.91 

73.13 

1.50 

10.89

7,525 

13,365
220 REPORT TJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

COKING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 21 (run of mine).

Coal charged. ............................. .pounds. . 

'Coke produced ......................... ./ ; : ,'^?-;- '

 Iper cent.. 

Breeze produced ........'................ .$??£*: * (per cent. . 

Total yield ................................... do. ...

Test 183.

Not

crushed. 

70

15,140 

10,200

67.37 

401

2.65 

70.'02

Test 187.

f. c.

78

14,360 

9,982

69.51 

326

2.27 

71.78

Test 189.

'Not

crushed. 

51

12, 450 

8,457

67.93 

319

2.56 

78.49

Test 191.

1-inch 

screen. 

47

11,940 

7,963

66. 69 

368

3.08 

69.77

Test 192.

J-inch 

screen. 

43

11,500 

7,733

67.24 

339

2.95 

70.19

Remarks. Light gray and silvery; good heavy coke.

Analyses.

Volatile matter ....

Ash................

Test 183.

Coal.

5.37 

28.33 

59.07 

8.23 

.89

Coke.

0.71 

.12 

88.24 

10.93

.82

Test 187.

Coal.

5.53 

27.97 

57.81 

8.69 

.86

Coke.

0.63 

.66 

87.78 

10.93 

.62

Test 189.

Coal.

4.05 

29.26 

58.29 

8.40 

.93

Coke.

0.82 

.21 

88.22 

' 10. 75 

.81

Test 191.

Coal.

4.28 

29.92 

58.22 

7.58 

.95

Coke.

0.33 

.15 

88.54 

10.98 

.87

Test 192.

Coal.

3.58 

28.86 

60.13 

7.43 

.91

Coke.

0.29 

.69 

88.54 

10.48 

.76

Cupola test of coke made from Pennsylvania No. 21 coal.

CHARGE.

Cupola, 

test 

No.

190

Coke.a

Test 

No.

187

Specific 

gravity.

1.90

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7'

Materials.

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

210 

630 

210

2.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135

3.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135

4.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135

5.

Lbs. 

55 

405 

135

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750

Sulphur in ash, 0.0115 per cent. 

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

'190

Blast pressure.

On at 

11.00a.m...

Maximum.

Oz.

1

Iron

running in 

Mm.

6

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,793

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

691

Total.

Lbs.

2,484

Melting.

Time.

Min.

25

Rate 

' per 

hour.

Lbs.

5,962

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7.31

Loss.

Per ct.

10.16

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

211

Coke.

7,6s.

90

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1........ ..................:..

2

3

-

4.....................:.......

5.............................

6.. ...........................

7.............................

9

10.............................

11.............................

12.................. ...........

Pounds.

61

132

80

62

147

55

49

136

73

52

19^

83

Time 

(a. m.) .

11.10

11.13

11.15

11.17

11. 17*

11.18

11.20

11.20*

11.21

11.22

11.22*

11.23

Ladle No.

13.....-......,...........:..-..

14.............................

15.............................

16.............................

17............................. '

18.............................

19.............................

20.............................

21.............................

22.............................

OQ

24.............................

Pounds.

52

72

30

89

132

64

44

28

100

23

87

17

Time 

(a. m.).

11.25

.11. 25J

11.26

11. 26J

11. 28

11. 28J

11.29

11. 29*

11.38

11.38J

11.39

11.39

Remarks. Test 190: Temperature of iron, medium. Blast off 8 minutes.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 221

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 22.

Bituminous coal from the Pittsburg bed at Huff, Westmoreland 

County, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was designated Pennsylvania 

No. 22.

One sample of this coal, which is worked from the outcrop at this 

place, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, consisted of 

run-of-mine coal and was used in steaming test 510 (on briquets), 

producer-gas test 159, and briquetting tests 21 If, 222, and 223f. 

No mine samples .covering this shipment were taken.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Pennsylvania No. 22.

Proximate:

Ash .......................................................

Ultimate:

I.O. L. U . . .

Car 

sample.

4498 

3.10

3.98 

28.13 

57.73 

10.10 

1.00

4. 90 

73. 34

1 W

9.01

7, 395

13, 311.

Steaming test 

510.0'

4704

5. If) 

29.00 

55. 08 

10. 1.7 

1. 17

4.40 

75. 40 

1. 39 

0.80 

10. 72 

' 1.23

Briquetting tests. &

211f.

4084'

2.21 

32. 11 

55.12 

10. 50 

1.13

4.53 

75.71 

1.39 

0.41 

10.80 

1.10

223f.

4700

3. 55 

30.57 

54.27 

11.01 

1.07

3.55 

75.94 

1.24 

0.12 

12. 04 

1.11

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

b Proximate analysis of fuel as received; -ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TEST. X

Pennsylvania No. 22 (English briquets).

Test 510.

Duration of test......................................................................hour;

Heating value of fuel............................................ B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper......................................................... inch water..

Above fire........................................................................... do.

In ash pit (forced draft)...............................................................

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................. pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour..... .do.

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed .................'.................. do.

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired............................ pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.......................................................... do.

Per pound of dry fuel...............................................................do.

Per pound of combustible......................................................... .do.

Efficiency' of boiler, including grate..............................................'.. per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour................................................. pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour..................................................... do....

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

9.17

.13,900

0.86

.08

.46

19.63

3.50

98.1

6.99

' 8.46 

8.92 

10.33 

61.97

3.34- 

4.13

3.17

3.91

Remarks. Test made on briquets from tests 222 and 223f (equal weights); fuel 

bxu-aed freely, with intense heat and no smoke; 47 per cent clinker.
222 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Pennsylvania No. 22 (run of mine).

Test 159. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 197.7. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 145.6. Total coal fired, 11,700 pounds.

Coal consumed in -producer per horsepower-hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available. .............................................

Developed at switchboard ......................:....................

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine.. . ...............................................

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal 

as fired.

1.23

1.18

1.05

1.01

1.31

1.26

1.11

1.07

Dry 

coal.

1.18

1.14

1.00

.97

1.26

1.21

1.07

1.03

Combustible.

1.06

1.02

.90

.86

1.12

1.08

.95

.92

Analysis of gas by volume. °

Carbon dioxide (COS ).............................................................. 10.1

Carbon monoxide (CO)........................:................................... 17.6

Hydrogen (HY)..................................................................... 13.3

Methane (CH<)..................................................................... 2.2

Nitrogen (N2)...................................................................... 56.4

Ethylene (CsH^.................................................................... .4

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Pennsylvania No. 22 (run of mine).

Tests 211], 222, and 228}. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 1.6 per cent; TV inch to | inch, 

17.8 per cent; ^ inch" to TV inch, 33.4 per cent; ¥V inch to ^ inch, 23.2 per cent; 

through 3^ inch, 24 per cent. English briquets with 7 per cent binder showed 

better outer surface than those with 6 per cent binder. In all briquets surfaces were 

hard, clean, sharp, and glossy, with characteristic fracture. Renfrow briquets dropped 

from belt without breakage.

For analyses of briquets see page 221 (those from test 222 under " Steaming test 510 ").

Test 2llt. Test 222. Test 223f.

Details of manufacture:

Machine used........................................................

Temperature of briquets........................................ °F.. BinderKind.............................................................

Laboratory No. (see p. 40)......................................

Amount...............................................per cent..

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted. t i...-....................................pounds..

Briquets, average.........................................do....

Heat value per pound . . '

Fuel as received.........................................B. t. u..

Fuel as fired...............................................do....

Binder....................................................do....

Drop test (1-inch screen):

Help......................................................per cent..

Passed........................................................do....

Tumbler test (1-inch screen):

Held..........................................................do....

Passed (fines).................................................do....

Fines through 10-mesh sieve..................................do....

Water absorption:

In 13 days.....................................................do....

Average for first 5 days.......................................do....

Specific gravity (apparent)..............................................

Kertf. 

158

w. g. p.

4683

7

4,000

0.442

13,311

13,561

16,637

54.5

45.5

85.0

15.0

90.8

11.7 

1:78 

1.11Q

' Eng. 

185

w. g. p.

4683

7

19,000

3.87

13,311

13,183

16,637

79.8

20.2

73.7

26.3

65.0

9.6

1.48

1.160

Eng. 

158

w. g. p. 

4683

3,200

3.93

13,311

13,275

16,637

62.2

37.8

67.8

32.2

70.0

8.9

1.38

1.164

For analyses of fuel used see p. 221 (sample 4498),
TESTS RHODE ISLAND. 223

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

4683

89.31

Fuel.

4650

0.90

.77

.76

Test 211t4684

1.10

6.85

6.77

6.78

Briquets.

Test 222.

4704

4.00

5.45

5.30

Test223f.

4706

2.30

6.35

6.20

6.09

RHODE ISLAND. 

RHODE ISLAND NO. 1.

Anthracite graphitic coal from Cranston, Providence County (near 

Providence), was designated Rhode Island No. 1. This sample was 

mined from surface workings at Cranston, and commercially would 

be classed as run-of-mine coal. It was shipped under the inspection of 

J. S. Burrows, and was used in making steaming test 401; also mixed 

with Utah No. 1 in steaming "tests (on briquets) 414 and 415, coking 

tests 141 and 157 (see p. 263), and briquetting test 127 (seep. 264); 

mixed with Utah No. 2 in steaming test 416 (on briquets) and briquetting test 133' (see p. 266); mixed with Pennsylvania No. 15 in briquetting test 184f (see p. 204); and mixed with Pennsylvania No. 18 in 

briquetting test 243f (see pp. 212, 213).

CHEMICAL. ANALYSES. 

Rhode Island No. 1.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Nitrogen ................... ..............'.......

Ash .............................................

Calorific value (as received): 

Determined. ..................... ...../cRal°ri,f--

lU. t. U. . .

Calculated from ultimate analysis . . .{B11" 8 ' '

Car sample."

3216 

2.00

2.41 

4.92 

73.61 

19.06 

.07

.90 

75.10 

.17 

4.70

6,109

6,176 

11,117

Steaming tests.6

401.

2:33 

2.47 

78.72 

16.48 

. .08

.67 

79.49 

.18 

2.71 

16.87 

.08

414.

2.45 

24. 21. 

62.60 

10.74 

.41

2.95 

78.63 

.74 

6.25 

11.01 

.42

415.

2.27 

22.20 

65.29 

10.24 

.41

3.13 

77.64 

.74 

7.59 

. 10.48 

.42

416.

5.85 

25.20 

59.56 

9.39 

.85

2:94 

76.42 

.73 

9.04 

9.97 

.90

» Sample from producer-gas test 113 (failure) treated as car sample.

b Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.'
224 BEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

Rhode Island No. 1 (briquets).

Force of draft:

Dry fuel used per square foot of 

hour

per pound dry fuel. .

................do....

............... ...°F..

grate surface per 

nonnns

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating 

surface per hour. .................................. .tiounds. .

Percentage of rated horsepower of boile 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F. :

Per pound of combustible ..........

Fuel as fired : 

Per indicated horsepower hour. ....

Dry fuel:

pound of fuel as

................do....

................do....

................do....

.............pounds.. 

................do....

................do....

................do....

Test 401.

8.05 

11,639

0.54 

.18 

(a)

20.22

1.99 

55.8

4.19

4.81 

4.93 

7.70 

40.91,

5.88 

7.26

5.74 

7.08

Test 414.

5.0 

12,845

0.67 

.21

18.42

2.96 

83.0

6.75

7.86 

8.05 

9.35 

60.52

3.60 

4.44

3.51 

4.34

Test 415.

5.0 

12, 823

0.62 

.06 

2,119

19.01

3.25 

91.0

7.17

8.36 

8.55 

9.75 

64.39

3.38 

4.18

3.31 

4.08

Test 416.

10.02 

12,244

0.58 

.20 

2,053

21.51

2.78 

78.0

4.26

4.95 

5.26 

7.70 

41.49

5.71 

7.05

5.38 

6.64

a Too low to be read with Wanner optical pyrometer. Forced draft used on this test.

Remarks. Tests 414jind 415 an briquets made from Rhode Island No. 1 and Utah 

No. 1, mixed. (See p. 264.) The briquets burned freely, with short yellow flame; did 

not crack 6pen, but coked throughout and held together well. No smoke; burned 

very much like anthracite except for color of flame. These comparative tests on 

Rhode Island No. 1 coal gave only 55.8 per cent capacity and were unsatisfactory. (See 

test 401 above.) Heavy clinker, which was tough and plastic when hot and brittle 

when cold, but did not stick to the grate. «

Test 416 on briquets from test 133 made from Rhode Island No. 1 and Utah No. 2, 

mixed. (See p. 266.) With natural draft the briquets burned with a very short flame; 

with forced draft they burned with a longer flame, giving a hotter fire. Briquets did 

not coke or hold together well in the fire. No smoke; see briquetting test 127 (p. 264) 

for comparative data. No clinker; a large amount of ash resulted, due to the crumbling of the briquets and the falling of the loose particles through the grate.

TENNESSEE. 

TENNESSEE NO. 1. . .

Bituminous coal from Fork Ridge, Claiborne County, on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, was designated Tennessee No. 1. The 

coal, as worked at a depth of 52 feet at this place, averages 4 feet 3 

inches in thickness.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal, was shipped under the 

supervision of W. J. Von Borries, and was used in making steaming 

tests 344, 345, and 346; also steaming tests 409 and 411 on briquets 

made from washed coal; producer-gas test 115; washing test 171; 

coking tests 133 (raw) and 153 (washed ); cupola tests 99, 126, and 

128; and briquet-ting test 130 (washed coal).
TESTS TENNESSEE. 225

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2907 

was taken 4,000 feet northeast of the slope, where the coal measured 

4 feet 4 inches in thickness. Sample 2908 was taken 4,400 feet east 

of the slope, where the coal measured 4 feet 3 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 1.

Proximate:

Ash.......................'.......

Ultimate: 

TIvdroGrcn

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined.. ...... ...^?ri«s "

Mine samples.

' 2907 

, 1.80

3.71 

35.01 

55.94 

4.74 

1.28

7,609 

13,804

2908 

1.80

3.66 

34.58 

54.93 

6.83 

.99

Car 

sample. « 

3016 

3.00

4.81 

32.91 

51.13 

11.15

1.58

5.13

09.22 

1.60 

11. 32

6,983 

12,509

0,007

19 433

Steaming tests.6

344.

4.81 

32.91 

51. 13 

11.15 

1.58

4.83 

72.72

.1.68

7.40 

11.71 

1. 66

345.

4.06 

33. 80. 

50.97 

11. 17 

1.67

4.84 

72. 71

 1.68

 7.39 

11.64 

1.74

340.

4.20 

31.75 

50.02 

14.03 

1.45

4.68 

70.37 

1.63 

7.17 

14.04 

1.51

.

409.

2.62 

37.09 

54.32 

5.97 

1.17

5.08 

79.02 

1.70 

6.87 

0. 13 

1.20

411.

1.99 

30.50 

54.14 

7.30 

1. 12

4.84 

77.39 

1, 53 

7.64 

7.46 

.1.14

" Sample from steaming test 344 treated as car sample.'

t> Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 1 (run of mine).

Size as used:

Heating value of fuel . . . . B. t. u< per pound dry fuel. . 

Force of draft:

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed. 

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as

Water evaporated f rom-and at 212° F : 

Per pound of fuel as fired. ........... .pounds. .

Per pound of combustible. .............. .do. . . .

Fuel as fired:

Dry fuel:

Test 344.

38.2

24.5

14.7

8.8

13.8

10.0

13,207 

0.55

.15

2,499

20.81

3.70

103. 7 

7.05

8.47 

8.90

10.31

05.08

3. 34

4.12

3.18

3.92

Test 345.

40.8

17.1

19.1

9.8

13.2

7.28

13,207 

0.80

.18

2,458

22. 70

3.98

111.7 

7.00

8.42 

8.77

10. 23

64.13

3. 36

4.15

3.22

3.94

Test 346.

43.8

27.2

12.4

7.4

9.2

7.03

12,773 

0.74

.20

2,393

22.22

3.90

109. 5 

7.02

8.43 

8.80

10. 53

06. 53

3. 35

4. 14.

3.21

3.97

Test 409.

Seep.228

14,092 

0.65

.1.3

2,408

20.02

3.93

110. 3 

8.23

9.59 

9.84

10.58

67.43

2.95

3.64

2.87

3.55

Test 411.

4.48

13,900 

0.62

.10

2,775

23. 97

4.80

134.7 

8.44

9.83 

10.03

10. 93

69.68

2.88

3.55

2.82

3.48

Remarks. Tests 4.09 and 411 on English briquets broken in two, which burned 

with a long flame and gave a very hot fire,'with little smoke. They cracked open to 

a depth of about 1$ inches, but coked and held together until entirely consumed. 

No clinker; fine brown ash.

19698 Bull. No. 332 08 15
226 KEPORT U. S.. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Tennessee No. 1 (run of mine).

Test 115. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 169. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 154.5. Total coal fired, 12,300 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds).

Coal as 

fired.

1 dfi

1.24

1.56

1.32

Drycoal.

1 49

1.20

1.51

1.29

Combustible.

1 94

1.05

1.32

1.12

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 2.72

Volatile matter............................. 31.81

Fixed carbon............................... 53.20

Ash...............:......................... 12.27

Sulphur...................................... 1.26

Qas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 10.0

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 19.6

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 15.3

Methane (CEU)............................. 2.1

Nitrogen (H2 )..............'................ 52.6

Ethylene (CjH«)............................ -4

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 1 (run of mine).

Washing test 171. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches, jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 

21,600 pounds; washed coal, 18,600 pounds; refuse, 3,000 pounds.

Coking tests.

.

............................... .hours. .

/...do....

........................... -^per cent 

mounds . .

.................................do....

Test 

133 

(raw).

f C

49

12,000

7,720

64.33 

347

2.89 

67.22

Test 

153 (w.).

f P

43

11 900

7,270

61.09 

273

2.29 

63.38

Remarks. Test 133: Light gray and silvery; strong, hard, heavy coke. Test 153: 

Light gray and silvery; good, strong, heavy coke; washing reduces ash and sulphur.

Analyses.

Ash......................................

Washing test 171.

Raw 

coal, a

' 4.81 

32.91

51.13

11.15 

1.58

Washed 

coal.

5.28

5.33 

1.32

Coking test 133.

Coal..

3.71 

32.81 

51.69 

11.79 

1.58

Coke.

0.37 

.73 

83.00 

15.90 

1.35

Coking test 153.

Coal.

4.86 

35.06 

54.72 

5.36 

1.17

Coke.

0.93 

.77 

89.61 

8.69 

.93

Sample taken from steaming test 344.
TESTS TENNESSEE.

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 1 coal (washed}.

CHARGE.

Cupola

test 

No.

126

99

128

Coke.

Test 

No.

133

153

153

Specific 

gravity.

1.96

1.87

1.87

Phosphorus.

Perct.

0. 0238

.0253

.0253

Ratio 

iron 

to

coke.

7

7

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct.

97.22

92. 00

99.9

Materials.

(Coke.... .

^ Pig iron .

[Scrap... .

[Coke.... .

< Pig iron .

[Scrap... .

(Coke...'. .

{Pig iron ..

[Scrap .....

Divisions of charge.

1 .

Lbs.

190

570

190

200

600

200

200

GOO

200

2.

Lbs.

60

420

140

57

412

137

58

413

138

3.

Lbs.

60

420

140

57

412

137

58

413

138

4.

Lbs.

60

420

140

58

413

138

57

412

137

5.

Lbs.

60

420

140

58

413

138

57 '412

137

Total.

Lbs.

430

2,250

750

430

2,250

750

430

2,250

750

RECORD OF MELT.

test 

No.

126

99

128

Blast pressure.

On at 

9.58 a. m.

8.47 a. m.

3.11p.m.

Maximum.

02.

7

7

7

Iron

running in 

Min.

10

7

5

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,240

1,443

1,833

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

244

563

210

Total.

Lbs.

1,484

2,006

2,043

Melting.

Time.

Min.

33

34

34

Rate 

per 

.hour./

Lbs.

2,098

3,540

3,605

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

4.07

6.19

6.57

Loss.

Perct.

5.80

11.60

6.26

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,342

646

769

Coke.

Lbs.

112

106

119

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1.......... ................................

2..........................................

3'........... ...............................

4..........................................

6..........................................

7. .........................................

8..........................................

9..........................................

10.........................................

11.........................................

12.........................................

13.........................................

14.........................................

15.........................................

16.........................................

17.........................................

18.........................................

19.........................................

20.........................................

21.........................................

22.........................................

23.........................................

24.........................................

Test 126.

Pounds.

85 

95 

98 

82 

82 

81 

76 

08 

95 

74 

108 

71 

87 

53 

85

Time 

(a.m.).

10.13 

10.19 

10. 194 

10.20 

10.22 10. 224

10.23 

10.28 

10. 284 

10.29 

10.34 

10. 344 

10. 35 

10. 354 

10.41

Test 99. ,

Pounds.

00 

59 

68 

01 

02 

51 

51 

01 

43 

58 

52 

42 

88 

. 50 

45 

73 

43 

.00 

02 

35 

111 

03 

39 

100

Time 

(a.m.).

9.05 

9.00 

9.09 

9.10 

9.11 

'9.12 

9.13 

9.14 

9.15 

9.10 

9. 164 

9.17 

 9.18 

'9.19 

. 9.20 

9.21 

9.22 

9.23 

9.24 

9.25 

9.26 

9.27 

9.274 

9.28

Test 128.

Pounds.

05 

110 

100 

75 

 104 

117 

41 

91 

108 

72 

98 

108 

87 

123 

92 

93 

92 

103 

85 

09

Time 

(p.m.).

3.29 

3.294 

3.30 

3.32 

3.324 

3.33 

3. 354 

3. 30 

3.364 

3.38 

3.39 

3.40 

3.404 

3.41 

3.46 

3. 464 

3.47 

3.49 

3.50 

3.51

Remarks. Test 99: Iron very hot. Test 128: Blast off 1 minute.
228 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

BEIQUETTING TEST.

Tennessee No. 1 (run of mine).

Test 130. Size as used: Over £ inch, 2.5 per cent; TV inch to J inch, 7.7 per cent; 

-£$ inch to T^ inch, 17.8 per cent; -^ inch to -fa inch, 24.1 per cent; through -fa inch, 

47.9 per cent. ' Kind of binder, water-gas pitch (lab. No. 3410, p. 40). Weight of 

fuel briquetted, 18,600 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal as received, 12,569; per 

pound of briquets as fired, 13,723; per pound of binder, 16,478. Weathering test: 

Days exposed, 201; condition, B. For analyses of briquets see page 225 (steaming 

tests 409 and 411).

English briquets with 5 and 6 per cent binder made at 179.6° F., average weight, 3.28 

pounds, were good and firm; edges and surfaces harder with 6 per cent than with 5 

per cent binder. Fractures of both were sharp and clear. In the drop test with 5 

per cent binder the 1-inch screen held 84.4 per cent and passed 15.6 per cent.

Renfrew briquets made at 149° F., average weight 0.5 pound, with 6 and 6^5 per 

cent binder, showed dull fracture; edges broke easily, surfaces too soft. Those made 

with 7 per cent binder were'satisfactory; fracture clear; edges sharp; briquets broke 

without crumbling.

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSi:

.....................do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

3.50

2.23

9 11

Briquets 

test 130.

1.00

A KQ

 4.54

3.07

TENNESSEE NO. 2.

Bituminous coal from a mine located 2} miles northeast of GatlifT, 

'Campbell County, on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, was 

designated Tennessee No. 2. The coal, as worked from the outcrop 

at this place, averages 3 feet 6 inches in thickness.

This sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal loaded under the supervision of John W. Groves, was used in making steaming tests 367, 

368, and 369; producer-gas test 107; coking test 127, and cupola 

tests 100 and 140.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analyses. Sample .2931 

was taken 687 feet northeast of the opening, where the coal measured 3 feet 8 inches in thickness. Sample 2932 was taken 675 feet 

south of the opening, where the coal measured 3 feet 7 inches in 

thickness;
TESTS TENNESSEE. 229

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Tennessee No. 2.

Proximate:

Ash...................................

Ultimate:

O Yvprpn ^

Ash...................................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined................ {ff n8 --

Mine samples.

2931 

1.50

3.C1 

37. 29 

55. 09

3.41 

.83

7,850 

14, 130

2932 

1.20

3.19 

38.08 

50. 35 

2.38 

.88

Car samples."

3129 

3.20

5.09 

35. 79 

52. 31 

0.81 

.98

5.39 

73. 54 

1. 75 

11.53

7,380 

13,295 

7,325 

13,185

Steaming tests. >>

307.

4. 08 

30.00 

53. 39 

5. 93 

.98

5.13 

78.28 

1.87 

7.47 

G 22 

1.03

308.

5.09 

35.79 

52. 31 

0.81 

.98

5.08 

77.48 

1.84 

7.39 

7.18 

1.03

309.

5.17 

35. 55 

52.85 

(i. 43 

.95

5.10 

77.84 

1. 80 

7.42 

0.78 

1.00

« Sample from steaming test 308 treated as car sample.

t> Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample

STEAMING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 2 (run of mine).

Test 3G7.a Test 308. Test 309.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch............................................ .. .per cent.

J inch to 1 inch................................................do...

 J- inch to £ inch.......................................'.... .....do...

Under } inch..................................................do...

Duration of test.................................................hours.

Heating value of coal..........'............ B. t. u. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper....................................inch water.

Above fire....................................................do...

Furnace temperature............................................... °F.

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour........pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating 

surface per hour..............................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired ..................................... .do....

Per pound of dry coal.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour...............................do..'..

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour.............'.................. .do....

43.2

23.9

13.0

19.9

9.97

14,153

O.GS 

.19

2,788

20. 41

4.03

129.9

7.10

8.38

8.79

9.40

59.98

3.37

4.17

3.22

3.97

42.8

. 18.4

12.2

20.0

9.98

14,008

0.48

.11

2,488

19.10

3.05

102.3

7.03

9.00

9.54

10.52

05.77

3.12

3.85

2.90

3.00

49.4

22.4

11.8

10. 4

9.97

14,009

0.33

.08

2,250

J5.24

2.93

82.3

7.75

9.14

9.04

10. 57

00.17

3.09

3.82

2.93

3.02

<* Test run for maximum capacity.
230 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Tennessee No. 2 (run of mine).

Test 107. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 201.3. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 167.9. Total coal fired, 11,250 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds'). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower :

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower :

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.18

.1.12

1.00

.95

1.30

1.24

1.11

1.05

Dry coal.

1.14

1.08

' .97

.92

1.26

1.20

1.07

1.02

Combustible.

1.08

1.03

.92

.87

1.20

1.14

1.02

.96

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.............. i..................... 3. 40

Volatile matter............................. 37.58

Fixed carbon................................ 54.27

Ash......................................... 4. 75

Sulphur..................................... .83

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COs)........................ 10.9

Carbon monoxide (CO)...................... 18.8

Hydrogen (Hs)......:....................... 18.6

Methane (CH4 )...... ...........i............. 2.2

Nitrogen (N2)................................ 49.0

Ethylene (C2H<)............................. .5

COKING TEST.

Tennessee No. 2 (run of mine).

Test 127. Size as used: Raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 54 hours. Coal 

charged, 12,000 pounds. Coke procluced," 7,213 pounds; 60.11 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 343 pounds; 2.86 per cent. Total yield, 62.97 per cent. Fine-fingered 

coke; very brittle and breaks very easily on handling; light gray, with large carbon 

deposit.

Analyses.

/-

Moisture ............................................ ... ..................

Ash ....................................................................................

Coal.

3. 56

30.53

55.32

4.59

.95

Coke.

1.13

.63

91.00

7.23

.78

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 2 coal.

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

100 

140

Coke, o

Test 

No.

127 

127

Specific 

gravity.

1.81 

1.81

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

1 to 7 

Ito 7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

99.9

94.44

Materials.

(Coke.. ......

 {Pig iron.....

(Coke........

|Pigiron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

190 

570 

190

2.

Lbs! 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

: 60 

420 

140

4. 

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

5.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2.2oO 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

<» Phosphorus in coke, 0.0094 per cent.
TESTS TENNESSEE. 231

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 2 coal Continued.

RECORD OF MELT.

test 

No.

100

140

Blast pressure.

On at 

1.20 p. in....

2.47p.m....

Maximum.

02.

7

7

Iron

running in 

Min.

7

G

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,551

2,080

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

55G

270

Total.

Lbs.

2,107

2.350

Melting.

Time.

Min.

33

34

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

3,830

4,147

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

5.79

5.97

Loss.

Per ct.

G.4G

5.77

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

099

477

Coke.

Lbs.

CO

30

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle, 

No.

1. ....:...

2.........

3.........

4.........

0. ........

7.........

8.........

9

10...:....

11........

12........

13........

Test 100.

Pounds.

52 

34 

04 

70 

52 

94 

79 

73 

80 

G7 

60 

68 

60

Time 

(p.m.).

1.35 

1.35J 

1.40 

1.40i 

1.41 

1.42 

1.42J 

1.43 

1.45J 

1.46 

1.46J 

1.48 

1.48J

Test 140.

Pounds.

28 

110 

44 

90 

78 

106 

102 

80 

101 

82 

83 

78 

83

Time 

(p.m.).

2.59 

3.01 

3.01J 

3.04 

. 3.07 

3.07J 

3.08 

3.10 

3.10J 

3.11 

3.13 

3.13^ 

3.15

Ladle 

No.

14.......

15.......

10.......

17.......

1ft

19.......

20.......

21.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

Test 100.

Pounds.

51 

61 

53 

50 

81 

58 

40 

82 

49 

49 

GO 

58

Time 

(p.m.).

1.49 

1.50 

1.50J 

1.51 

1.52 

1.524 1.53" 

1.55 

1.55i 

1.50 

1.59 

2.00

Test 140.

Pounds.

107 

61 

80 

. Ill 

57 

79 

108 

71 

77 

101 

57 

63 

43

Time 

(p. in.).

3.15i 

3.10 

3.18

3.18* 

3.19 

3.21 

3.21J 

 3.22 

3.23 

3.23J 

3.24 

3.2GJ 

3.27

Remarks. Test. 100: Iron very hot and fluid. Test 140: Iron medium.

TENNESSEE NO. 3. .

Bituminous coal from Gatliffe, Campbell County, on the Louisville 

and Nashville Railroad, was designated Tennessee No. 3. The coal, as 

worked at the outcrop at this place, averages 4 feet 6 inches in thickness.

This sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal, shipped under the 

supervision of John W. Groves, was used in making steaming tests 

349 and 350; producer-gas test 106; coking test 128, and cupola 

tests 104 and 139.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2929 was taken 500 feet south of the drift mouth, where the coal 

measured 5.feet 2 inches in thickness. Sample 2930 was taken 1,050 

feet southwest of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 4 feet 

5£ inches in thickness.
232 BEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 3.

Proximate:

Ash ..............................................

Ultimate:

Ash.............................................

Calorific value (as received): 

Determined.......................... (cRaltoi;;es -- 1 o . t . U . . . .

Calculated from ultimate analysis . . -l 1^8 ' '

Mine .samples.

2929 

1.80

4.25 

35.31 

.56.31 

4.13 

.93

7,592

2930 

1.90

4.42 

35.35 

57.53 

2.70 

.SO

Car 

samples. a 

 s

3040 

3.20

5.38 

34.54 

53.03 

7.05 

.99

5.50 

72.41 

1.72 

12.33

7,249

13, 048 

7,238 

13,028

Steaming tests. &

349.

5.38 

34.54 

53.03 

7.05 

.99

5.18 

76.52 

1.82 

7.98 

7.45 

1.05

350.

6.47 

33.92 

52.13 

7.48 

1.13

5.14 

75.93 

1.81 

7.91 

8.00 

1.21

o Sample from steaming test 349 treated as car sample.

b Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 3 (run of mine).

Size as used: 

Over 3 inches. .................... . .....................

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper. ....................................

Furnace temperature ........................................

......... ...per cent. .

............. ...do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

............. .hours .

per pound dry coal. .

.........inch water.. 

................do....

.................°F..

.rmnnds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds .... ...... .......... - .............

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

................do ..

...............do....

................do....

.............pounds..

................do....

................do....

................do....

Test 349.

67.8 

19.3 

5.4 

2.7 

4.8 

8.97 

13, 788

0.57 

.14 

2,C64 

21.70

3.75 

105.0 

0.81

8.18 

8.05 

9.49 

60.58

3.46 

4.27

3.27 

4.04

Test 350.

59.1 

20.0 

9.1 

4.6 

7.2 

10.0 

13,689

0.80 

.14

0 KftO L} i)Ui

21.63

4.07 

114.0 

7.31

8.82 

9.43 

10.35 

06.52

3.21 

3.9b

3.00 

3.70
TESTS TEN NESSEE. 233

'PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Tennessee No. 3 (run of mine). .

Test 106. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 201. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 159.7. Total coal fired, 12,950 pounds..

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds'). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine .................................................

Equivalent used by producer plant, (pounds'). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine. ................................................

Coal as 

fired.

1.38

1.29

 1. 17

1.10

1.50

1.40

1.27

1.19

Dry coal.

1.31

1.23

1.11

1.04

1.42

1.33

1.21

1.13

Combustible.

1.22

1.14

1.04

.97

1.32

1.24

1.12

1.05

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 4.88

Volatile matter............................. 34.84

Fixed carbon................................ 53. 57

Ash.......................;................. 6.71

Sulphur..................................... 1.10

(fas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 9.8

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 20.2

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 10. 5

Methane (CH<).............................. 2.4

Nitrogen (Ns)............................... 50.7

Ethylene (CSH«)............................. .4

COKING TEST.

Tennessee No. 3 (run of mine).

Test 1%S. Size as used: Raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 42 hours. Coal 

charged, 11,280 pounds. Coke produced, 7,136 pounds; G3.26 per cent. Breeze produced, 394 pounds; 3.49 per cent. Total yield, 66.75 per cent. Fingered coke; light 

gray, with large deposit of carbon.

Analyses.

Ash ....................................................................................

Coal.

4.32

33.90

55.56

C.22

1.05

Coke.

0.67

.81

87.44

11.08

.88

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 3 coal. 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test No..

104 

139

Coke."

Test 

No.

128 

128

Specific 

gravity.

x 1.87 

1.87

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

95.83

97.81

Materials.

{Pig iron.....

{Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

190 

570 

190

2.

Lbs. 

00 

420. 

140 

60 

420 

140

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

4.

Lbs. 

00 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

5.

Lb#. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2.250 

750 

430 

2,250 

.750

o Phosphorus in coke, 0.0125 per ceut.
REPOBT XT. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT,, 1906-7.

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 3 coal Continued. 

RECORD. OF MELT.

Cupola

test 

No.

104

139

Blast pressure.

On at 

9.08a.m...

10. 43 a. m. . .

Maxi02. ' 7J

6i

ning

Min.

8

9

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,477

1,913

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

429

239

Total.

Lbs.

1,906

2,152

Melting.

Time.

Min.

35

32

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

3,267

4,035

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

5.51

5.55

Loss.

Perct.

7.93

6.60

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

856

650

Coke.

Lbs.

84

50

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. ........

2... ......

3.........

4... . ...

5.........

6.........

7.........

g

10........

11........

12........

1 **

14........

Test 104.

Pounds.

50 

64 

62 

77 

82 

20 

57 68 

64 

61 

50 

42 

84 

43

Time 

(a.m.).

9.21 

9.21£ 

9.22 

9.24 

9.25 

9.25^ 

9.31 

9.31i 

9.32 

9.36 

9. 36£ 

9.37 

9.38 

9.38J

Test 139.

Pounds.

93 

93 

100 

81 

62 

89 

81 

101 

87 

117 

108 

85 

122 

101

Time 

(a.m.).

10. 56 

10.59 

10. 11.02" 59^ 

11.02i 

11.06 

ll.OfiJ 

11. 07 

11.09 

11. 09^ 

11.10 

11.13 

11. 13J 

11.14.

Ladle No.

15...'.....

16........

17........

18........

19........

20. .......

21........

99

23........

24;.......

25.......:

2fi. .......

27........

Test 101.

Pounds.

36 

101 

39 

42 

77 

41 

38 

74 

24 

29 

63 

27 

62

Time 

(a. m.).

9.40 

9.40| 

9.41 

9.42 

9.42£ 

9.43 

9.44 

9.44J 

9.45 

9.48 

9.48J 

9.49 

9.51

Test 139.

Pounds.

76 

115 

110 

65 

112 

115

Time 

(a.m.).

11. 17 

11.17* 

11.18 

11.23 

11.23* 

11.24

Remarks. Test 104: Iron hot and fluid. Test 139: Iron hot.

TENNESSEE NO. 4.

Bituminous coal from a mine located 3 miles north of Oliver 

Springs, Roane County, on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 

was designated Tennessee No. 4. The coal, as worked at the outcrop 

at this place, averages 4 feet 8 inches in thickness.

This sample, consisting of nm-of-mine coal, loaded under the supervision o-f John W. Groves, was used in making steaming tests 355, 

356, and (on briquets) 405; producer-gas test 111; coking tests 125 

and 129; cupola tests 102, 105, and 138; and briquetting tests 120 and 

(mixed with miscellaneous No. 5, p. 292) 150 and 151.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2956 was taken 1,300 feet northeast of the drift mouth, where the coal 

measured 4 feet 5£ inches in thickness. Sample 2957 was taken 

2,000 feet south of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 5 feet 

2 inches in thickness.
TESTS TENNESSEE. 285

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 4.

Air-drying loss. .....................

Proximate: 

Moisture ...... '. .................

Ash.............................

Sulphur. ........................

Ultimate:

Carbon. .........................

Nitrogen. .......................

Oxygen..........................

Ash.............................

Calorific value (as received) :

Determined..... ...... {f^88 "

Mine samples.

2950 

1.90

3.25 

35.63 

54.51 

G. 61 

.85

7,508 

13,514

2957 

1.70

3.12 

35.15 

55.52 

0.21 

,86

Car 

sample."

3058 

470

6.39 

32.32 

51.76 

9.53 

.98

5.41 

70.16 

1.56 

12.30

6,988

12,578 

7,023

12, 641

Steaming tests.&

355.

6.39 

32.32 

51.76 

9.53 

.98

5.02 

74.95 

1.67 

7.13 

10,18 

1.05

338.

5.72 

31.78 

51.91 

10.59 

.92

4.96 

74.13 

1.64 

7.06 

11.23 

.98

405.

2.88 

35.78 

53.84 

7.50 

.91

4.73 

77.93 

1.79 

6.89 

7.72 

.94

Briquetting 

tests. c

150.

3380

2.55 

31.91 

57.42 

8.12 

.92

4.34 

78.53 

1.71 

6.15 

8.33 

.94

151.

3367

2.71 

29.56 

58. 41 

9.32 

.93

4.15 

78.40 

1.C7 

5. 60 

9. 58 

.96

a Sample from steaming test 355 treated as car sample.

6 Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

c Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 355. Test 356.o Test 405.

Size as used: v Over 1 inch................................................per cent..

J inch to 1 inch................................................do...:

J inch to $ inch................................................do....

Under 1 inch..................................................do....

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of fuel.......................B. t. u. per pound, dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper....................................inch water..

Above fire.....................................................do....

Furnace temperature...........................................°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour.........pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface, 

per hour...................................................... pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower ot boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired........pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry fuel..................................'....... do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate........................... .per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour............................... .do....

20.1

25.2

21.6

33.1

10

13,441

0.74

.16

2,584

21.49

3.95

110.8

7.36

8.02

9.21

10.39

06.17

3.28

4.05

3.07

3.79

32.0

19.0

19.0

29.4

9.97

13,288

0.76

.22

2,719

24.34

4.48

125. 6

7.48

8.69

9.22

10. 53

67.01

3.25

4.02

3.07

3.79

Seep. 238

8.25

13,936

0.04

.18

2,294

19.10

3.76

105.3

8.22

9.54 

9.82 

10.79 

OS. 05

2.96

3.00

2.88

3.55

a Test made for maximum capacity.

Remarks. Test 405 on briquets, which burned with a long flame and cracked open to 

a depth of three-fourths inch; coked and held together until entirely consumed; made 

very little smoke. Fine gray ash of medium weight, with very little green coal, loss 

of coal falling through grate and over bridge wall being very small.
236 REPORT IT. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7,

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Tennessee No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 111. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 182. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 161.:7. Total coal fired, 12,150 pounds.

Coal consumed in 'producer per horsepower hour (pounds'} .

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available. .............................................

Developed at switchboard ...................... ....... ......

Per brake horsepower: .

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.42

1.34

1.21

1.13

1.54

1.45

1.31

1.23

Dry coal.

1.37

1.29

1.17

1.10

1.49

1.40

1.27

1.19

Combustible.

1.27

1.19

1.08

1.01

1.38

1.29

1.17

1. 10

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 3.29

Volatile matter............................. 34.49

Fixed carbon..........'..................... 54.82

Ash......................................... 7.40

Sulphur..................................... .88

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COs)....................... 10.4

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 19.0

Hydrogen (H2)... ......................... 16.7

Methane (CHO.............................. 2.4

Nitrogen (N2)............................... 51.0

Ethylene (C2H<)............................ .5

COKING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 4 (run of mine).

Total yield. . ................................

(....do....

............................ ^per cent 

/pounds . .

.................................do....

Test 125.

f. c.

60

10 ooo

7,471

62. 26 

313

2.61

64.87

Test 129.

f. c.

53

11,270

7,500

266

2.36 

68.91

Remarks. Test 125: Light gray and silvery color; fingered coke f-inch black butts; 

asli somewhat high; better coke probably from washed coal. Test 129: Light gray and 

silvery; fingered coke; black butts removed; heavier and better than coke of test 125; 

resultant coke probably improved by washing.

Analyses.

Ash......................................................................

Coal.

3.82 

33.17 

53.17 

9.84 

.89

Coke.

Test 125.

0.54 

1.56 

84.27 

13.63 

.72

Test 129.

1.43 

0.28 

86.73 

11.56 

.69
TESTS TENNESSEE. 237

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 4 coal.

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

102 

105 

138

Coke. »

Test 

No.

125 

129 

129

Specific 

gravity.

1.93 

1.91 

1.91 .

Phosphorus.

Per ct. 

0.0215

.0233 

.0233

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7 

7

Fluids ity

strip 

full.'

Perct. 

98.61

99.0 

94.44

Materials.

 (Pig iron .. 

(Scrap.. ..

Pig iron... 

Scrap.. .. 

Coke... ..

Pig iron... 

Scrap .....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

190 

570 

190 

190 

570 

190

2.

Lbs.' 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

 4.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

5.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

Total.

Lbs. 

' 430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2, 250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

a Sulphur in ash, test 102, 0.03 per cent. 

RECORD OF MELT.

test 

No.

102

105

138

Blast pressure.

On at 

3. 15 p. m....

2.25p.m....

3. 51 p.m....

Max02.

7

7-4

7

running

Min.

8

7

9

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,731

1,915

1,875

Additional

melted.

Lbs.

219

131

252

Total.

Lbs.

1,950

2,046

2,127

Melting.

Time.

Min.

32

31

40

Rate 

per

hour.

Lbs.

3,656

3,960

'3, 191

Ratio 

iron to

coke.

5.57

5.81

6.09

Loss.

Per ct.

 6.60

6.70

6.16

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

852

753

688

Coke.

Lbs.

79

78

81

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1.... ......................................

2..........................................

3..........................................

4..........................................

5. .........................................

G. .........................................

7..........................................

8..........................................

9..........................................

10. ........................................

11.........................................

12................................:........

13. ........................................

14.........................................

15... .......................................

16". ........................................

17.........................................

18.........................................

19. ........................................

20. ........................................

21.........................................

22.........................................

23.........................................

24.........................................

Test 102.

Pounds.

104 

62 

95 

79 

86 

22 

79 

91 

76 

107 

107 

81 

103 

110 

55 

103 

84 

74 

108 

105

Time 

(p.m.).

3.32 

3.324 

3.35 

3.354 

3.38 

3. 3.40" 38* 

3. 3.42" 41* 

3.45 

3.454 

3.46 

3.48 

3.484 

3.49 

3.50 

3.51 

3.54 

3.54* 

3.55"

Test 105.

Pounds.

94 

98 

48 

89 

111 

, 113 

87 

104 

97 

95 

98 

89 

88 

91 

105 

34 

91 

100 

86 

70 

127

Time 

(p. m.).

2.38 

2. 384 

2.39 

2.42 

2.43 

2.434 

2.46 

2.464 

2.47 

2.48 

2.484 

2.50 

2.51 

2. 2.53" 514 

2.54 

2.56 

2.574 

2. 58 

3.00 

3.03

Test 138.

Pounds.

87 

73 

84 

46 

89 

79 

106 

60 

98 

31 

78 

116 

93 

71 

92 

122 

92 

102 

77 

103 

26 

74 

27 

49

Time 

(p. m.).

4.03 

4.06 

4.064 

4.07 

4.09 

4.11 

4.114 

4.12 

4.14 

4.144 

4.18 

4.184 

4.19 

4.23 

4.234 

4.24 

4.28 

4.284 

4.29 

4.32 

4.324 

4.35 

4.354 

4.40

Remarks. Tests 102 and 138: Iron hot. Test 105: Iron very hot and fluid. 

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 120. English briquets-made at 179.6° F., average weight 3.3 pounds, with 5 

per cent binder, were easily broken, showing cracks with soft edges; those made with 

5.5 per cent binder showed improvement, but the edges were not sharp, and the
238 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

briquets were easily broken; those with 6 per cent binder were satisfactory, showing 

firm edges, hard surfaces, and clean, sharp fracture; those with 6.5 per cent binder 

showed'improvement on surfaces and edges. In the drop test with briquets containing 5 per cent binder the 1-inch screen held 83.3 per cent and passed 15.7 per 

cent; with 5.5 per cent binder 85.4 per cent was held and 14.6 per cent passed. Renfrew briquets made at 149° F., average weight 0.4 pound, with 6, 6.5, and 7 per cent 

binder, had smooth, firm surfaces and edges slightly soft,' though generally satisfactory; 

7.5 per cent binder made the best briquets of the lot; all surfaces and fractures were 

entirely satisfactory. For analyses of briquets see page 235 (steaming test 405).

Test 150. Tennessee No. 4, 80 per cent; miscellaneous No. 5 (coke breeze, p. 292) 20 

per cent. Briquets with 8 per cent binder were satisfactory, with no difference in appearance from those made from Tennessee No. 4 alone. They were tough when warm, 

easily handled and stored, and had rough but hard surfaces. The briquets were 

difficult to break; the fracture was uneven, although the edges were firm. The 

structure-was porous.

Test 151. Tennessee No. 4, 75 per cent; miscellaneous No. 5, 25 per cent. With 

the.increased percentage of coke breeze (see test 150) the briquets were easily broken 

when warm, although sufficiently tough after cooling.

Size as- used:

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind........-..............:.................

Weight of 

Heat value per pound 

FiiPl fl s ra>pivc>rl/Tennessce No. 4. ............ 

a uei as received |Miscellaneoug NO. 5 .........

Weathering test: 

Time exposed ....................................

.............do....

.............do....

.............do....

...... .........°F..

...........B.t.u.. 

........ .....do....

.............do....

.............do....

............days..

Test 120.

3.2

11.4

19.9

25.0

40.0

(«)

(«)

w.g. p.

3410

00

44,000

(«)

12,578

13,578

16, 478

214

B.

Test 150.

3.2

10.9

18.6

25.8

41.5

Renf.

149

w.g. p.

3410

8

40,000

.532

12,578 

11,036

13,536

16,478

214

B.

Tesl 151.

3.2

10.9

18.6

25.8

41.5

Renf.

149

w. g. p.

3410

8

40,000

.513

12,576 

11,036

13,154

16, 478

214

B.

See notes preceding table. 

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

As received .................... do. ...

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuels.

Tenn. 

No. 4.

3058 

4.70

1.50 

1.38

Misc. 

No. 5.

3366 

8.70

.65 

.59

Briquets.

Test 120.

1.10

5.82 

5.75 

' 5.56

Test 150.

3380 

0.60

6.27 

6.23 

7.29

Test 151.

3367 

0.60

6.56 

6.52 

7.51

TENNESSEE NO. 5.

Bituminous coal from Petros, Morgan County, on the Southern 

Railway, was designated Tennessee No. 5. The coal, as worked from 

the outcrop at this place, averages 2 feet 10 inches in thickness.
TESTS TENNESSEE. 239

This sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal inspected and loaded 

under the supervision of John W. Groves, was used in making steaming tests 352, 357, and 358; producer-gas test 125; washing test 172; 

coking test 154 (washed coal); and cupola tests 106 and 129.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2958 was taken 2,500 feet southeast of the drift mouth, where the 

coal measured 2 feet 8| inches in thickness. Sample 2959 was taken 

3,800 feet east of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 3 feet ^ 

inch in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 5.

Air-drying loss. . .........................

Proximate:

Ash.......................:..........

Ultimate:

TT vH rfH^pn

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined..... '........... (cRal?ri,f--

\D. t. U.. .

Mine samples.

2958 

1.30

2.25 

35.37 

55.47 

6.91 

2.96

7,695 

13,851

2959 

0.90

2.20 

36.76 

52.84 

8.20 

3.84

Car samples."

3050 

4.30

5.59 

33.62 

51.03 

9.76 

3.23

5.24 

70/08 

1.62 

10.07

7,135 

12,841 

7,107 

12,793

Steaming tests.*

352.

5. 59* 

33.62 

51.03 

9.76 

3.33

4.89 

74.23 

1.72 

5.40 

10.34 

 3.42

357.

5.82 

33.59 

51.73 

8.86

4.89 

74.23 

1.72 

5.40 

' 10. 34 

3.42

358.

6.73 

32. 84 

- 51. 12 

9.31 

2.95

4.93 

74.76 

1.73 

5.44 

9.98 

3.16

« Sample from steaming test 352 treated as car sample.

b Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 5 (run of mine).

Test 352. Test 357. Test 358.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch................................................per cent..

$ inch to 1 inch.................................................do....

1 inch to $ inch................................................do....

tinder J inch................................................. do....

Average diameter.............................................inch..

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of coal....................... B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.......;............................inch water..

Above fire......................................................do....

Furnace temperature...............................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.......pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour.......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry coal...............'......................... .do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

29.1

17.3

20.9

32.7

.86

9.98

13,604

0.62

.13

2,456

18.89

3.40

95.4

7.08

8.52

9.02

10.31

64.03

3.32

4.10

3.13

3.87

' 12.9

25/8

21.9

39.4

.58

10.00

13,792

0.74

.21

2,575

22.49

3.97

111.2

7.14

8.33

8.84

9.89

61.80

3.39 

. 4.19

3.20

3.95

19.9

28.2

20.6

31.3

.69

10.00

13,085

0.75

.20

2,520

22.12

4.12

115.5

7.49

8.69

9.32

10.52

65.77

3.25

4.02

3.03

3.75
240 EEPORT u. s. 'FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PEODUCEE-GAS TEST.

Tennessee No. 5 (run of mine).

Test 125. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 186.7. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 142.1. Total coal fired, 12,900 pounds.

Coal consumed in -producer -per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by -producer -plant (-pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower: rCoal as 

fired.

1.48

1.38

1.20

1.18

1.61

1.51

1.37

1.28

Dry coal.

1.35

1 93

1.15

1.57

1.47

1.34

1.25

Combustible.

1 *31

1.23

1.11

1.04

1.43

1 *}(t

1.24

1.14

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 2. 54

Volatile matter............................. 34 64

Fixed carbon............................... 53.96

Ash......................................... 8. 86

Sulphur................................:.... 3. 39

Carbon dioxide (C02)........................ 11.3

Carbon monoxide (CO)...................... 17.0

Hydrogen (-H2).............................. 15. 3

Methane (CHO.............................. 1.7

Nitrogen (H2)............................... 54. 2

Ethylene (C2H4 )............................. .5

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Washing test 172. Size, as used: Crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 

18,450 pounds; washed, 16,000 pounds; refuse, 2,450 pounds.

Coking test 154- Size as used: Washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 49 hours. 

Coal charged, 11,570 pounds. Coke produced, 6,807 pounds, 58.83 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 354 pounds, 2.20 per cent. Total yield, 61.03 per cent. Light gray and

silvery. Good, strong, heavy coke. High sulphur not removed by washing.

Analyses.

.

A eh

Washing test 172.

Raw coal.

5.59 

33.62

51.03

9.76

3.23

Washed 

coal.

5.29

5.64 

 2.46

Coking test 154.

Coal.

5.53 

35.06 

53.28 

6.13 

. 2.44

Coke.

0.56 

.42 

90.46 

8.56 

2.08
TESTS TENNESSEE. 241

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 5 coal (washed). 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

106 

129

Coke.

Test 

No.

154. 

154

Specific gravity.

1.91 

1.91

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

98.51

93.05

Materials.

< Pig iron .....

Coke........

< Pig iron .....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

190 

' 570 

190

2.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

4.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

5.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

106 

129

Blast pressure.

On at 

9.13.........

9. 44. ........

Maximum.

Oz.

7 

7

Iron 

running in 

Min. 

7 

6

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs. 

2,328 

1,825

Additional 

melted.

Lbs. 

144

418

Total.

Lbs.

2,472 

2,243

Melting.

Time.

Min. 

31 

34

Rn.to 

per 

hour.

Lbs. 

4,784 

3,958

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

6.92 

6.30

Loss.

Per ct. 

8.30 

6.13

-Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs. 

279 

573

Coke.

Lbs. 

73 

74

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle 

No.

1. ........

2. ........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10........

11........

12........

Test 106. '

Pounds.

103 

107 

80 

86 

109 

116 

89 

108 

89 

81 

100 

87

Time 

(a. in.).

9.25 

9.25i 

9.26 

9.29 

9.30 

9.31 

9.32 

9.32J 

9.35 

9. 25i 

9.36 

9.38

Test 129.

Pounds.

80 

65 

91 

64 

87 

88 

64 

76 

84 

102 

95 

80

Time 

(a. m) .

'9.58 

9.59 

10.05 

10.06 

10.09 

10. 09* 

10.10 

10.10, 

10.12 

10. 12J 

. 10.13 

10. 13*

Ladle Nc.

13.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19

20. ......

21.......

22. ......

23.......

24. ......

Test'106.

Pounds.

Ill 

103 

88 

111 

111 

98 

101 

97 

74 

105 

124 

50

Time 

(a. in.).

9.38J 

9.39 

9.40 

9.40J 

9.41 

9.42 

9. 42i 

9.43 

9. 46£ 

9.46 

9.47 

9.51

Test 129.

Pounds.

1 80 

104 

YS 

115 

108 

84 

83 

32 

90 

75

Time 

(a. m.).

10.14 

10.14J 

10. 15J 

10.16 

10. 10$ 

10.17 

10. 17i 

10.18 

10.23 

10.24

Remarks. Test 106: Iron very hot and fluid.

TENNESSEE NO. .6.

Bituminous coal from a mine located 3 miles northwest of Waldensia, Cumberland County, on" the Southern Railway, was designated Tennessee No. 6. The coal, as worked from the outcrop at 

this place, averages 4 feet in thickness.

The sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal inspected by John W. 

Groves, was used in making steaming tests 379, 380, and 381; producer-gas test 110; coking test 122; and cupola tests 112 and 141.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2977 was taken 200 feet west of the drift mouth, where the coal 

measured 3 feet 6 inches in thickness. Sample 2978 was taken 350 

feet northeast of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 4 feet 6 

inches in thickness.

19698 Bull. No. 332 08 16 
242 REPOBT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-*7.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 6.

-

Proximate:

Ash. ..................................

Ultimate:

Carbon ...............................

Nitrogen. ............................

Ash..............'.....................

Calorific value (as received): 

Determined................ l^ff--

\D. t. U. . .

Mine samples.

2977 

2.70

3.80 

30.72 

60.98 

4.50

.78

7,879

14,182

2978 

1.90

3.00 

30.88 

59.96 

6.16 

1.08

Car 

sample.

3102 

2.90

3.89 

27.61 

54.07 

14.43

.78

4.84 

70.04 

.98 

8.93

6,952 

12,514 

6,959

12,526

Steaming tests."

379.

2.74 

26.95 

51.77 

18.54 

.74

4.37 

69.42 

.98 

5.41 

19.06 

.76

380.

3.18" 

27.21 

53.93 

15.68

.77

4.52 

71.88 

1.00 

5.61 

16.19 

.80

381.

3.16 

26.77 

52.27 

17.80 

.75

4.41 

69.98 

.98 

5.47 

18.38 

.78

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired: ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 6 (run of mine).

Test 379. Test 380. Test 381.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch................................................per cent..

i inch to 1 inch................................................do....

i inch to i inch................................................do....

Under \ inch..................................................do....

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Heating value of coal...................... B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper....................................inch water..

Above fire.....................................................do....

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour....... .pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...... .pounds.. Watcr'evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

. Per pound of coal as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry coal.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate............................per cent.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hoiy............................. .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour................................ do...

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do...

27.7

27.8

19.8

24.7

12,406

0.59

.14

18.42

3.25

9.12

. 7.30

8.61

8.85

11.29

68.87

3.28

4.05

3.20

3.94

10.03

12,839

0.67

.19

18.57

a2.98 

08.35 

o6.59

"7.78 

a8.04 

o9.87 

a60.47

o3.63 

o4.49

03.52 

o4.34

21.7

17.4

19.6

. 41.3

10.02

12,505

0.70

.19

18.35

2.88

80.7

6.42

7.61

7.86

10.04

60.70

3.72

4.59

3.60

4.44

o Questionable.
TESTS TENNESSEE. 243

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Tennessee No. 6 (run of mine).

Test 110. Duration of test, 30 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 156. Average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 133.3. Total coal fired, 7,950 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepoiver hour (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.84

1.70

1.50

1.45

2.02

1.87

1.72

1.59

Dry coal.

1.78

1.64

1.51

1.39

1.95

1.80

1.66

1.53

Combustible.

1. 40

1.28

1.19

1.10

1.53

1.42

1.30

1.20

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 3. 55

Volatile matter............................. 20.00

Fixed carbon................................ 49.88

Ash..........'............................... 20.57

Sulphur..................................... .76

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)........................ 12.3

Carbon monoxide (CO)...................... 15.0

Hydrogen (H3).............................'.. 14.0

Methane (CH4 )............................... .19

Nitrogen (N2 )...................:............ 66.4

Ethylene (C2H<)............................. .4

COKING TEST.

Tennessee No. 6 (run of mine).

Test 122. Size .as used: Raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 43 hours. Coal 

charged, 12,000 pounds. Coke produced, 7,712 pounds; 64.27 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 314 pound?; 2.62 per cent. Total yield, 66.89 per cent. Light gray and 

silvery. Good, heavy, strong coke. Could be improved by washing to reduce ash.

Analyses. *

Ash ....................................................................................

Coal.

2.05

27.30

55. 12

15. 47

.90

Coke.

0.22

.91

79.01

19.80

.69

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 6 coal. 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

112 

141

Coke, a

Test 

No.

122 

122

Specific 

gravity.

1..95 

1.95

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct.

99.9

Materials.

Coke........

Pig iron.....

Coke........

Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

230 

690 

230 

220 

660 

220

2.

Lbs. 

50 

390 

130 

53 

398 

133

3.

Lbs. 

50 

390 

130 

53 

308 

133

4.

Lbs; 

50 

390 

130 

52 

397 

132

5.

Lbs. 

50 

390 

130 

52 

397 

132

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

Sulphur in ash 0.03 per cent. Phosphorus in coke, 0.0834 per cent.
244 REPOKT U.'S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 6 coal Continued.

EECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

112 

141

Blast pressure.

On at 

(a)

8.05 a. m....

Maximum.

Oz.

7 

1

Iron 

running in 

Mins.

5

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Us.

749

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

296

Total.

Lbs.

1,045

Melting.

Time.

Mins.

30

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

2,090

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

4.48

Loss.

Per ct.

4.90

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,808

Coke.

Lbs.

197

a Blast on 30 minutes; no iron melted. Coke very high in ash, and dirty.

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1.. ............................

2..............................

3........... ....................

5..............................

6..............................

7..............................

Test 141.

Pounds.

36

78 

88 

78 

69 

40 

57

Time 

(a. m.).

8.18 

8.23 

8.24 

8.28 

8.28J 

8.29 

S..32

Ladle No.

8.............................

9.............................

10.............................

11............................

12............................

13............................

14............................

Test 141.

Pounds.

57 

.45 

55 

51 

24 '56 

15

Time 

(a. m.).

8. 32$ 

.8.33 

8.36 

8.36J 

8.37 

8.39 

8.40

Remarks. Test, 141: Iron cold.

TENNESSEE NO. 7.

Bituminous coal from Wilder, Fentress County, on the Southern 

Railway, was designated Tennessee No. 7. The coal, as worked 

from the outcrop at this place, averages 4 feet 4 inches in thickness.

Two samples of coal were shipped from this mine, both inspected by 

John W. Groves. Tennessee No. 7 A consisted of run-of-mine screened 

over a J-incn by 1-inch shaker screen, and was used in making steaming tests 372, 373, and 374 and producer-gas test 108. Tennessee

No. 7 B consisted of slack coal through a plate perforated with J-inch 

by 1-inch holes, and was used in making steaming test 406 (on 

briquets); washing test 156; coking tests 121 (raw) and 123 (washed); 

cupola tests 113 and 137; and briquetting test 121.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2979 

was taken 2,000 feet north of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 

4 feet 7 inches in thickness. Sample 2980 was taken 1,500 feet east of 

the drift mouth, where the coal measured 4 feet £ inch in thickness.
TESTS TENNESSEE. 245

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 7.

Proximate:

Ash........................

Sulphur....................

Ultimate: 

UvdrofiGii

O YVPPTl

Calorific value (as received) : 

Detemiined.....^1 ^8 --

Calculated from ) calories

ultimate apal- &al2 

Mine samples.

2979 

2.00

3. 46 

34.73 

52.' 73 

9.08 

2.42

7,213 

12,983

2980 

1.80

3.04 

30.37 

50. 46 

10.13 

3.84

Car samplc.a

3133 

1.70

3.03 

34.91 

49.21 

12.85 

3.26

5.03 

69. 26 

1.27 

8.33

7,001

12, 602

7,045 

12,681

Steaming tests. &

372.

2.98 

34. 40 

49.58 

12.98 

3. 35

4.83 

71. 23 

1.31 

5.79 

13. 39

3. 45

373.

>

3.06 

34. 30 

48.49 

. 14. 15 

4.18

4.70 

69. 47 

1.27 

5.65 

14.60 

4.31

374.

3.36 

33.62 

49.45 

13.57 

3.34

4.79 

70. C7 

1.29 

5. 75 

14.04 

3.46

406.

' 3. 37 

35.80 

50.77 

10.06 

2.09

5.02 

75.58 

1.36 

5.47 

10.41 

2.16

a Sample from producer-gas teat 108 treated as car sample.

t> Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; xiltimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 7.

Size as used :

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature

................do....

................do....

.............. .hours. .

. per pound dry fuel. .

................do....

................ °F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per 

hour. ...............................:............. .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour Tinnnds

Percentage or rated horsepower of boile 

Water apparently evaporated per 

fired ....................:.............

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Fuel as fired:

Dry fuel:

pound of fuel as

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

A.

Test 372.

51. 6 

 22 0 

12.4 

13.4 

9.98 

.12,965

0.48 

.15 

2,660

20.94

3.59 

100.7

7.04

8.33 

. 8.59 

10.11 

03.98

3.39 

4.19

3.29 

4.00

Test 373."

26.1 

37.5 

18.5 

17.9 

9.93 

12, 681

0.69 

.23 

2,958

20. 76

4.53 

127.1

6.93*

8.23 

8.49 

10.06 

04.65

3.44 

4.24

3.33 

4.11

Test 374.

.47.3 

20.4 

12.6 

19.7 

9.95 

12,866

0.49 

.15 

2, 461

18.45

3.20 

91.4

7.22

8.56 

8.86 

10.48 

06.50

3.30 

4: 08

3.19 

3.94

B.

Test 400.

lseep.247

6. 15 

13,547

0.64 

.17 

2,420

20.91

3.85 

108.0

7. 60

8.92 

9.23 

10.42 

65.80

3.17 

3.91

3.06 

3.78

a Maximum capacity test.

Remarks. Test 406 on briquets from test 121. The briquets burned with a long 

flame, cracked open to a depth of three-fourths of an inch, coked, and held together 

well until entirely consumed. No smoke; very little clinker; reddish-brown ash.
246 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

PRODTJCER-GAS TEST.

Tennessee No. 7 A (run of mine).

Test 108. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 192.5. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 154.6. Total coal fired, 14,400 pounds.

 r

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds').

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available ..............................................

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.60

1.36

1.27

. 1.74

1.63

1.48

1.38

Dry coal.

1.55

1 4^

1.32

1.69

1.58

1.43

1.35

Combustible.

1.35

1.26

1.14

1.07

1 46

1 V7

1.24

1.16

Analysis of gas by volume.0

Carbon dioxide (C02 )................................................................. 11.2

Carbon monoxide (CO).................................._............................. 17.4

Hydrogen (H2 )....................................................................... 15.3

Methane (CH<)...............'........................................................ 2. 3

Nitrogen (N8 ) ........................................................................ 53.3

Ethylene (C2H4 )...................................................................... .5

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 7 B (slack).

Washing test 156. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 31,000 pounds; washed' coal, 

21,000 pounds; refuse, 10,000 pounds.

Coking tests.

Size as used. ...............................

*

............................... .hours. .

f....do....

/pounds ..

Test 121 

(raw) .

f c

46

12,000

6,680

55.67 

716

5.97 

61.64

Test 123 

(w.).

f c

50

12,000

6,911

57.59 

323

2.69 

AH 9ft

Remarks. Test 121: Poor coke, soft and punky; coal high in ash and sulphur; 

might be improved b'y washing. Test 123: Light gray and silvery, with good ring; 

great improvement over raw charge; sulphur still too high.

Analyses.

Ash......................................

Washing test 156.

Raw 

coal.

7.88 

28.28

46.43

17.41 

3.43

Washed 

coal.

7.04

10.12 

2.26

Coking test 121.

Coal.

7.88 

28.28 

46.43 

17.41 

3.43

Coke.

0.43 

.36 

74.43 

2478 

2.98

Coking test 123.

Coal.

8.37 

32.29 

49.02 

10.32 

2.21

Coke.

0.57 

.87 

83.59 

14.97 

1.77

a For analyses of fuel used see p. 245 (sample 3133).
TESTS TENNESSEE. 247

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 7 B coal (washed). 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

113 

137

Coke.o

Test 

No.

123 

123

Specific 

gravity.

1.93 

1.93

Ratio 

iron 

to coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct. 

98.61

95.83

Materials.

Pig iron. ....

Pig iron. ....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

190 

570 

190

2.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

 140

4.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

5.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

60 

420 

140

Total.

Lbs. 

4SO 

2,250 

 750 

4SO 

2,250 

750

Sulphur in ash, 0.04 per cent. Phosphorus in coke, 0.0468 per cent. 

RECORD OP MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

113

137

Blast pressure.

' On at 

-3.30p.m....

10.30 a.m...

Maximum;

OZ.

7

«i

running in 

Min.

8

9

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

2,384

1,446

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

132

444

Total.

Lbs.

2,516

1,890

Melting.

Time.

Min.

30

34

Kate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

5,032

3,336

Ratio 

iron 

to 

coke.

8.70

6.26

Loss.

Per ct.

12.06

5.60

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

122

942

Coke.

Lbs. 

141

128

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. .......

2........

3........

4........

5........

6........

T. .......

8........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13........

Test 113.

Pounds.

93 

56 

102 

93 

78 

102 

83 

71 

106 

97 

87 

110 

93

Time 

(p.m.).

3.47 

3.474 

3.514 

3.52 

3.56 

3.564 

3.57 

3.59 

3.594 

4.00 

4.01 

' 4.01J 

4.02

Test 137.

Pounds.

88 

96 

61 

76 

88 

93 

67 

70 

76 

97 

92 

100 

40

Time 

(a.m.).

10.48 

10.484 

10.49 

10.53 

10.534 

10.54 

10.55 

10. 554 

10.564 

10.57 

, 10.58 

10.594 

11.01

Ladle No.

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21 .......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

Test 113. .

Pounds.

105 

87 

94 

105 

88 

90 

106 

83 « 

90 

106 

84 

96 

79

Time 

(p.m.).

4.03 

4.034 

4.04 

4.05 

4.054 

4.06 

4.07 

4.074 

4.08 

4.084 

4.09 

4.094 

 4.11

Test .137.

Pounds.

63 

35 

86 

61 

67 

84

Time 

(a. m.).

11.02 

11.03 

11.06 

11.07 

11.12 

11.13

Remarks. Test 113: Iron very hot and fluid. Blast off, 3 minutes. Test 137: Iron 

cold. . BKIQUETTING TEST.

Tennessee No. 7 B (washed slack).

Test J21. Size as used: Over | inch, 1.8 per cent; ^ inch to £ inch, 10.8 per cent; 

 fa inch to -jV inch, 19 per cent; £$ inch to ^ inch, 21 per cent; through ^ inch, 47.4 

per cent. Machine used, English. Temperature of briquets,-179.6° F. Kind of 

binder, water-gas pitch; laboratory No. 3410 (see p. 40). Amount of binder, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 

and 7 per cent. Weight of fuel briquetted, 7,000 pounds; average weight of briquets, 

3.08 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal as received, 12,447; per pound of briquets as 

fired, 13,090; per pound of binder, 16,478. Weathering test: Days exposed, 200; condition, B. For analyses of briquets see page 245 (steaming test 406).
248 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Briquets with 5.5 and 6 per cent of binder had firm edges, but surfaces were slightly 

crumbly when rubbed; broke with a clean fracture, leaving a firm surface; those with 

6.5 and 7 per cent of binder had hard and smooth surfaces; fracture hard and firm. 

Not enough coal was furnished to make tests on Renfrew machine or steaming tests 

on unbriquetted fuel. ^ ' »

Drop test.

5.5

78.3

21.7

0

79.9

20.1

0.5

' 89.5

10.5

7

95.2

4.8

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 : 

Air-dried ................................

Pitch in briquets as received ................

.....................do....

...........:......... do....

......................do....

. Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

6'. 10

1.96

1.84

Briquets, 

test 121.

1.80

6.16

6.05

5.39

TENNESSEE.NO. 8.

Bituminous coal from Clifty, White County, on the Nashville, 

Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway, was designated Tennessee No. 8. 

The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 3 feet 

6 inches in thickness.

Two lots of coal were shipped from this mine, both inspected by 

John W. Groves. Tennessee No. 8 A consisted of "special run of 

mine," which is made by passing coal over a f-inch screen and returning about 8 per cent slack to the sample. Tennessee No. 8 B consisted of "screened run of mine," which was passed over a f-inch 

screen and had about 18 per cent of slack returned to it. These 

samples were used mixed in making steaming tests 384 (raw), 385 

(raw), and 388 (washed); producer-gas tests (washed) 116 and 119; 

washing test 157; coking test 134 (washed coal), and cupola tests 114 

and 135.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3005 

was taken 2,100 feet north of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 3 feet f inch in thickness. Sample 3006 was taken 1,900 feet 

north of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 4 feet in thickness.
TESTS TENNESSEE. 249

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Tennessee No. 8.

Air~drvinff logg *

Proximate:

Ash. . .....................

Ultimate:

Carbon.....................

Nitrogen...................

OxVffPTl

Ash................

Calorific value (as received): .. 

Determined..-.. (cBal °ri«s- -

Calculated from 1 . . ultimate ano.l- fo"1 '?"?8 "

J SIS .......... .J

Mine samples.

3005 

1.90

3.01 

'34.70 

51. 53 

10. 76 

3.42

7,280' 

13,104

3006 

2.20

3.23 

32.18 

53. 43 

11.16 

3. 58

Car samples.

A.

3127 

1.60

2.63 

33.51 

50. 44 

13.42 

4.38

4.89 

69.32 

1.15 

6.84

7,064 

12,715

7,092 

12, 766

B.

3128 

2.00

3.12 

32.91 

. 49.85 

14.12 

4.74

4.68 

68.20 

1.23 

7.03

. 6,954 

12,517

6,027

12, 469

Steaming .tests."

384.

2.40 

32.61 

50. 12 

14.87 

5.28

4.41 

69.37 

1.25 

4.32 

15.24 

5.41

385.

2. 36 

33.60 

50. 72 

13.32 

4.32

4.74 

71.37 

1.19 

4.63 

13.64 

4.43

388.

2.83 

'34.70 

52.24 

10.23 

2.92

5.00 

75.31 

1.25 

4.91 

10.53 

3.00

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Tennessee No. 8 (run of mine).

.

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch ................... i ................;.....

J inch to i inch ............................'..........

Under J inch ........................................

Duration of test ........................................

Heating value of coal. ............... .........'.. .B. t. n.

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper ................................

Furnace tetnperatifre. .

............percent..

................do....

................do....

per pound dry coal. . 

.........inch water. .

..:..... .......do...:

...............do....

.... ........... °F.

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. ........... .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour. ............................. ......... .......... ....... .Bounds. .

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

............'....do....

Test 

384.

36.6 

28.1 

15.8 

19.5 

10.02 

12, 758

0.58 

.14

15. 64

2.60 

72.8 

6.87

8.12 

8.32 

10.19 

62.98

3. '48 

4.30

3.40 

4.20

Test 

385.

37.0 

26.1. 

14.6 

22.3 

10.08 

13,090

0.62

.25

2,243 

18.40

3.08 

86.5. 

6.98

8.20 

8.40 

9.94 

61.97

3.45 

4.26

3.37 

4.16

Test 

388 

(w.).

27.5 

25.6 

19.4 

27.5 

10.03 

13, 532

0.56 

.18

2,309 

20.47

3.78 

106.1 

7.68

8.99 

9.26 

10.52 

66.08

3.15 

3.88

3.05 

3.77

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS.

Tennessee No. 8, washed (run of mine).

Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas. . ................

Total coal fired........................................ ..................pounds..

Test 116. Test 119.

50 24

147.4 197.0

 144.6 157.5

11,250 6,550
250 EEPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS Continued.

Tennessee No. 8, washed (run of mine).

Coal apnsumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available ..............

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant 

(pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available ..............

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine. . ................

Coal as 

fired.

1.56

1 69

1.43

Test 116.a

Dry 

coal.

1.53

1 66

1.41

 Combustible.

-

1 37

1.16

1.48

1.26

Coal as 

fired.

1.48

1 39

1.26

1.18

1.58

1.48

1.34

1.26

Test 119.

 Dry 

coal.

1.44

1.35

1'.23

1.15

1.54

1.41

1.31

1.23

Combustible.

1.30

. 1.22

1.10

1.03

1.39

1.30

1.18

1.10

« Without tar extractor. 

Analyses:

Coal.

Ash. ..........................

Sulphur.......................

Test 116.

1.62

34.44

53.32

10.62

3.05

Test 119.

9 43

35.41

CO OQ

Q Q7

3.06

Gas by volume.

Ethylene (C2H4) .............

Test 116.

9.9

19.7

14.3

1.9

53.8

.4

Test 119.

9.7

19.1

15.1

2.1

53.5

.5

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 8 (run of mine).

Washing test 157. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches; jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 

98,000 pounds; washed coal, 86,000 pounds; refuse, 12,000 pounds.

Coking test 134- Size as used, washed,-finely crushed. Duration of test, 45 hours. 

Coal charged, 12,000 pounds. Coke produced, 6,870 pounds, 57.25 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 320 pounds, 2.67 per cent. Total yield, 59.92 per cent. Light gray and 

silvery. Good coke physically, but washing does not reduce sulphur sufficiently.

Analyses.

Ash ...........................................................

Washing test 157.

Raw 

coal.

3.12 

32.91

49.85

14.12 

4.74

Washed 

coal.

1.71

9.99 

2.94

Coking test 134.

Coal.

3.09 

35.32 

51.70 

9.89 

2.95

Coke.

0.32 

.11 

85.66 

13.91 

2.45
TESTS TENNESSEE. 251

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 8 coal (washed). 

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

114 

135

Coke.o

Test 

No.

134 

134

Specific 

gravity.

1.98 

1.98

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

FluidiT 

strip

full.

Per ct. 

93.14

97.22

Materials.-

Coke........

Pig iron.....

Coke........

Pig iron. ....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

180 

540 

180

'2.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

63 

428 

143

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

63 

428 

143

4.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

62 

427 

142

5.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

62 

427 

142

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2.250 

750

<* Phosphorus in coke, 0.0238 per cent.

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola 

test 

No.

114

135

Blast pressure.

On at 

11.05a.m...

9.47a.m....

Maximum.

Oz.

7

7

running 

in 

Min.

7

7

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

2.301

1,547

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

217

1,034

Total.

Lbs.

2,518

2,581

Melting.

Time.

Min.

36

27

Rate 

per

Lbs.

3,918

5,956

Ratio 

 iron 

to

coke.

6.92

6.59

Loss.

Per ct.

8.36

8.33

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

231

369

Coke.

7,6s.

66

38

LADLE RECORD. .

Ladle 

No.

1. .......

2........

3........

4........

5........ 6.......;

7........

8........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13........

14........

Test 114.

Pounds.

61 

92 

' 105 

64 

74 

98 

87 

78 

61 

83 

101 

109 

104 

90

Time 

(a. m.).

11. 18 

11.24 

11. 24J 

11.25 

11.27 

11. 27J 

11.28 

11. 28J 

11.30 

11. 30J 

11.31 

11.31J 

11.33 

11.33J

Test 135.

Pounds.

30' 

72 

102 

75 

87 

87 

. 84 

78 

21 

89 

80 

85 

65 

69

Time 

(a.m.).

. 9.56 

9.58 

10.00 

10.01 

10.04 

 10. 04J 

10. 06J 

10.07 

10. 07i 

10- 09 

10. 11J 

10.12 

10. 12* 

10. 134

Ladle 

No.

15........

16........

17........

18........

19........

20........

21 ........

22........

23........

24........

25........

26........

27........

Test 114.

Pounds.

95 

64 

78 

103 

96 

77 

92 

74 83- 

104 

57 

' - 67 

104

Time 

(a. m.).

11.34 

11.34J 

11.36 

11. 36J 

11.37 

11. 37J 

11. 38i 

11.39 

11. 39£ 

11.40 

11. 46J 

11.47 

11.48

Test 135.

Pounds.

73 

74 

82 

107 

76 

111

Time 

(a. m.).

10.14 

10.15 

10.17 

10. 17J 

10.18 

10.21

Remarks. Test 114: Iron, very hot. 

hole cut out and iron run over trough.

Test 135: Iron hot. Blast off 1 minute; top

TENNESSEE NO. 9.

Bituminous coal from Coalmont, Grundy County, on the Nashville, 

Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway, was designated Tennessee No. 9. 

The coal, as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 3 feet 4 

inches in thickness.

One car of coal was shipped from this mine under the supervision 

of John W. Groves. Twenty tons of lump, over a f-inch screen, 

designated A, was used in making steaming tests 363, 364, and 365.
252 EEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Ten tons of slack, designated B, was used in making washing test 158; 

and this coal, washed, in addition to 14 tons of slack, designated C, 

as shipped, was used in making steaming test (on briquets) 393; also 

in coking test 124, cupola tests 110 and 136, and briquetting test 122. 

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2995 

was taken 1,900 feet north of the drift mouth, where the coal measured 

3 feet in thickness. Sample 2996 was taken 2,000 feet south of the 

drift* mouth, where the coal measured 3 feet 6 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 9.

Proximate:

Ash.....................

Ultimate:

Carbon.................

Ash.....................

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined.. {^Hf'"

Calculated)

mate anal-|B. t. u ...

Mine samples.

2995 

2.30

3.44 

29.24 

58.11 

9.21 

.73

7,344 

13,219

2996 

2.40

3.77 

28.60 

59.46 

8.17 

.68

Car samples.

A.

3113 

2.60

 3.92 

27. 23 

54.76 

14.09 

.94

4.81 

69.97 

1.29 

8.90

6,949 

12, 508

6,950 

12, 510

B.

3114 

4.70

5.68 

25.36 

50. 41 

18.55 

.74

5.02 

64.58 

1.20 

9.91

6,378 

11, 480

0,537 

11,767

C.

3115 

3.30

4.68 

28.75 

57.31 

9.26 

.65

5.04 

73.85 

1.24 

9.96

7,313 

13,163

7,288 

13,118

Steaming tests. o

A.

363.

4.46 

27.36 

55.70 

12.48 

1.01

4.63 

74.13 

1.37 

5.75 

13.06 

1.06

364.

3.48 

27. 86 

56.34 

12.32 

.79

4.66 

74.62 

1.38 

5.76 

12.76 

.82

365.

3.60 

28.40 

 53.26 

14.74 

.78

4.52 

72.43 

1.34 

5.61 

15.29 

.81

BandC

383.

4.24 

29.80 

56.10 

9.86 

.79

4.60 

77.00 

1.43 

5.84 

10.30 

.83

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

- STEAMING TESTS. 

Tennessee No. 9.

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Above fire

Dry fuel used per square foot of 

pounds

....................do....

....................do....

t. u. per pound dry coal. .

....................do.... ....................'.. °F..

grate surface per hour,

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed. . ......... 

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired, 

pounds ......................................................

Water evaporated from and at 212° 

Per pound of fuel as fired. .". . . .

Per Bound of combustible. ....

F.: 

................ .pounds. . 

....................do....

.....................do....

A.

Test 363.

f-ih. 1.

12.6 

24.5 

24.5 

38.4 

10.0 

13, 257

0.65 

.15 

2, 263

19.80

3.51 

98.5

7.21

8.50 

8.89 

' 10. 47

Test 364.

f-in. 1.

13.8 

22.4 

23.8 

40.0 

9.95 

13, 333

0.70 

.19 

2,296

21.90

3.81 

106.9

7.20

8.41 

8.71 

10.15

Test 365.

J-in. 1-

7.1 

17.3

22.8 

52.8 

9.98 

12, 938

0.71 

.24 

2,284

21.01

3.52 

98.8

6.92

8.10 

8.40 

10.16

B and C.

Test 393.

See p. 254

10.13 

13, 613

0.62 

.23 

2,276

21.60

4.07 

114.0

7.71

9.03 

9.43 

10.62
TESTS TENNESSEE.

STEAMING TESTS Continued.

Tennessee No. 9.

253

Fuel as fired:

Dry fuel: .,

......'...pounds..

............do....

............do....

.............do....

Test 363.

64. 76

3.33

4.11

3.18

3.93

A.

Test 364.

63.09

3.36

4.15

3.25

4.01

Test 365.

62.70

3.49

4.31

3.37

4.16

B and C.

Test 393.

66.90

3.13

3.87

3.00

3.70

Remarks. Test 393 on briquets, which were very firm and burned freely, with 

long flame and without smoke. They swelled in the fire and then fell to pieces. 

Nearly all of the briquets were fired whole. Clinker solid, heavy and brittle, and 

of a light-brown color.

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 9.

Washing test 158 (coal B, slack). Jig used, Stewart. Baw coal, 19,385 pounds; 

washed coal, 14,420 pounds; refuse, 4,965 pounds.

Coking test 124 (coals B and C, slack). Size as used: Finely crushed. Duration 

of test, 49 hours. Coal charged, 12,000 pounds. Coke produced, 7,948 pounds; 66.23 

per cent. Breeze produced, 283 pounds; 2.36 per cent. Total yield, 68.59 per cent. 

Light gray with some little deposit of carbon. Good coke.

Analyses.

Ash...........................................................

Washing test 158.

Raw 

coal.

5.68' 

25.36 

50. 41 

18.55 

.74

Washed 

coal.

4.02 

27 79 

58.28 

9.91 

.85

Coking test 124.

Coal.

4.02 

27.79 

58.28 

9.91 

.85

Coke.

0.39 

.39 

85.78 

13.44 

.61

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee Nos. 'J B and 9 C coal (washed).

CHARGE.

 Cupola 

test 

No.

110 

136

Coke.a

Test 

No.

124 

124

Specific 

gravity.

1.93 

 1.93

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip

full.

Per ct. 

99.9

93.05

Materials.

Pig iron.....

 Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

200 

600 

200

2.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

58 

413 

138

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

58 

413 

138

4.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

57 

412 

137

5.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

57 

412 

137

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

a Sulphur in ash, 0.04 per cent. Phosphorus in coke, 0.0968 per cent.
254 EEPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee Nos. 9 B and 9 C coal (washed) Continued.

RECORD OF MELT.

Cupola

test 

No.

110

136

Blast pressure.

On at 

3.27p.m....

3.41 p.m....

Maximum.

02.

6i

7

ning in 

Min.

6

7

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

1,950

2,106

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

110

250

Total.

Lbs.

2,060

2,356

. Melting.

Time.

Min.

34

26

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

3,635

5,437

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

6.28

6.83

Loss.

Per ct.

6.83

1.13

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

735

615

Coke.

Lbs.

102

85

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1. ........

 Z. ........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

10........

11........

12........

Test 110.

Pounds.

' 46 

86 

103 

24 

95 

100 

101 

94 

103 

55 

96 

104

Time 

(p.m.).

3.37 

3.42 

3. 42J 

3.43 

3.45£ 

3.46 

3.47 

3.49 

3.49J 

3.50 

3.53 

3.53J

Test 136.

Pounds.

96 

110 

43 

77 

103 

111 

30 

88 

101 

104 

72 

93

Time 

(p.m.).

3.57 

3.57£ 

3.58 

3.59 

4.00 

4.00J 

4.01 

4.01J 

4.03 

4.03£ 

4.04 

4.06

Ladle No.

13

14........

15........

16........

17........

18. .......

19........

20........

.21........

22........

23........

24........

Test 110.

Pounds.

97 

87 

100 

105 

88 

98 

93 

86 

91 

98

Time 

(p.m.).

3.54 

3.57£ 

3.58 

3.59 

4.01 

4.02 

4.02J 

4.05J 

4.06 

4.07.

Test 136.

Pounds.

107 

88 

84 

100 

93 

84 

91 

109 

92 

108 

57 

65

Time 

(p.m.).

4.06J 

4.07 

4.07$ 

4.09 

4.09J 

4.10 

4.10J 

4.11 

4.11i 

4.13 

4.13& 

4.14

Remarks. Test 110: Iron very hot and fluid.

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Tennessee Nos. 9 B and 9 C (washed slack).

Test 1%2. Size as'used: Over £ inch, 1.2 per cent; ^ inch to £ inch, 5.5 per cent; 

fa inch to T^ inch, 12.5 per cent; -fa inch to -fa inch, 23.8 per cent; through fa inch, 

57 per cent. Machine used, English. Temperature of briquets, 179.6° F. Kind .of 

binder, water-gas pitch; laboratory No. 3410 (see p. 40). Weight of fuel briquetted, 

14,400 pounds; average weight of briquets, 3.24 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal as 

received, 13,163; per pound of briquets as fired, 13,047; per pound of binder, 16,478. 

For analyses of briquets see page 252 (steaming test 393).

With 5.4 and 5.6 per cent binder, briquets were fairly good, but somewhat crumbly 

at ecTges. With 6.6, 7, and 8 per cent binder, outer surfaces were very firm and smooth, 

fracture coarse, but not crumbly; broken surfaces very hard. In drop test, with 7 per 

cent binder, the 1-inch screen held 85.6 per cent and passed 14.4 per cent. Weathering 

test: All binders exposed.222 days; condition, B. Not enough coal was furnished to 

make briquets on Renfrew machine for comparative tests.

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSj: .

.....................do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

3338

4.7

.2

.19

Briquets, 

test 122.

2.5

5.45

5.31

6.41
TESTS TENNESSEE, 255

TENNESSEE NO. 1O.

Bituminous coal from a mine located 1 mile north of Orme, Marion 

County, on the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway, was 

designated Tennessee No. 10. This coal, as worked from the outcrop 

at this place, averages 5 feet 8 inches in thickness.

This sample, consisting of slack coal shipped under the supervision 

of W. J. Von Borries, was used in making steaming tests (on briquets) 

407 and 408, washing test 173, coking test 156, cupola tests 111 and 

127, and briquetting test 128.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

3009 was taken 2,200 feet northeast of the opening, where the coal 

measured 5 feet 8 inches in thickness. Sample 3010 was taken 2,500 

feet northwest of the opening, where the coal measured 5 feet 8 inches 

in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 10.

Proximate:

Ash .......................................................

Ultimate:

Ash .......................................................

Mine samples.

3009 

2.00

3.31 

31.71 

51.87 

13.11 

1.30

6,774

12, 193

3010 

2.00

3.37 

32.38 

53.13 

11.12 

.65

Steaming tests."

407.

2.46 

30.89 

51.80 

14.85 

1.02

4.47 

71.53 

1.30 

6.43 

15.22 

1.05

408.

,

2.88 

30.84 

49.55 

16.73 

.96

4.56 

69.82 

. .92 

6.48 

17.23 

.99

o Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Tennessee No. 10 (washed briquets),

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper. ................................

Furnace temperature. .......

t. u. per pound dry fuel..

............. inch water.. 

....................do....

..................... "F._

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour. ................ .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per 

 hour. ...................................... ..................... .noimds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Fuel as fired :

Dry fuel:

....................do....

...................do....

....................do....

........... ........do....

....................do....

Test 407.

4.72 

12, 667

0.68 

.18 

"1,184 

18.05

2.80 

78.6 

6.53

7.58 

7.77 

9.42 

59.24

3.73 

4.61

3.64 

4.49

Test 408.

3.87 

12,272

0.68 

.15 

2,226 

19.28

3.32 

93.1 

7.21

8.38 

8.63 

10.83 

67.91

3.37 

4.17

3.28 

4.05

a Average is not representative of test. In one-third of the observations the temperature was too 

low to be read by Wanner'optical pyrometer.
256 REPOKT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Remarks. Tests made on English briquets, which were broken in two before firing. 

They cracked open to a depth of 1$ inches, but coked and kept their shape until 

entirely consumed. No smoke. Ash and clinker were brown..

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

 Tennessee No. 10 (1-inch slack).

Washing test 173. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 60,500 pounds; washed coal, 47,400 

pounds; refuse, 13,100 pounds.

Coking test 156. Size as used: Washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 53 hours. 

Coal charged, 11,690 pounds. Coke produced, 6,900 pounds; 59.02 per cent. Breeze 

produced, 757 pounds; 6.48 per cent. Total yield, 65.50 per cent. Poor coke; soft 

and dense; heavy black butt; practically no cell structure; high ash.

Analyses.

Volatile matter. ...............................................

Ash. . .........................................................

Washing test 173.

Raw 

coal.

2.92

22.74 

.95

Washed 

coal.

7.02

3.75 

.98

Coking test 156.

Coal.

7.80 

29.29 

49.32 

13.59 

1.05

Coke.

1.67 

.81 

77.81 

19.71 

.95

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 10 coal (washed).

CHARGE.

Cupola test 

No.

Ill 

127

Coke.a

Test 

No.

156 

150

Specific 

gravity.

1.90 

1.90

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7

Materials.

Coke.............

 Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

230 

690 

230 

250

2.

Lbs. 

50 

390 

130

3.

Lbs. 

50 

390 

130

4.

Lbs. 

50 

 390 

130

5.

Lbs. 

50 

. 390 

130

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750

a Phosphorus in coke, 0.0390 per cent.

Remarks. Test 111: Blast on from 10.51 a. m. for 30 minutes, at maximum pressure 

of 7 ounces; no iron melted. Test 127: Coke bed put in and blast put on for 20 

minutes; coke would not ignite; bottom dropped without charging iron.

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Tennessee No. 10 (1-inch slack, washed). .

Test 128. Kind of binder, water-gas pitch; laboratory No. 3410 (see p. 40).. Weight 

of fuel briquetted, 35,400 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal from car sample, 11,596; 

per pound of briquets as fired, 11,920; per pound of binder, 16,478. The briquets 

made with the three percentages of pitch (5.5, 6.5, and 6.7) were all good.

English briquets made at 175° F., average weight 3.63 pounds, with 5.5 per cent 

binder, could be roughened slightly by rubbing; outer surfaces crumbled slightly 

when broken. Briquets with 6 and 6.5 per cent binder could be roughened slightly 

by rubbing; outer surfaces hard and smooth; broken surfaces very hard and rough. 

In the drop test of English briquets with 5.5 per cent.binder the 1-inch screen held 

81.7 per cent and passed 18.3 per cent; with 6 per cent binder the screenheld 90.1
TESTS TENNESSEE. 257

per cent and passed 9.9 per cent; with 6.5 per cent binder the screen held 89.1 per 

cent and passed 10.9 per cent. In the weathering test all briquets were exposed 

203 days, condition B. For analyses of briquets see page 255 (steaming tests 407 

and 408). ' '

Kenfrow briquets made at 149° F., average weight 0.53 pound, with 6 per cent 

binder, showed crumbly, fractured surfaces. With 6.5 per cent binder briquets were 

tougher and did not break as easily, and broken surfaces were firm, but still appeared 

short on pitch. In the weathering test briquets with both binders were exposed 204 

days; condition B.

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSj:

Pitch in briquets as. received ................:

.....................do....

.................. ....do....

.....................do....

Fitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

3359

5.20

1.39

1.32

Briquets, 

test 128.

1.3

7.07

0.98

7.19

TENNESSEE NO. 11.

Bituminous coal from Ozone, Cumberland County, on the Tennessee Central Railway was designated Tennessee No. 11.

This sample consisted of slack coal through l|-inch bar screen. 

It was shipped without inspection,'as additional sarhples of the runof-mine coal are to be obtained later when an inspector will be sent 

to the mine and mine samples taken. The following tests were made 

on this coal: Washing test 178, coking test 160 (washed coal), and 

cupola tests 144 and 179.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Tennessee No. 11.

Ash .................................

Car 

sample.

3471

2.30

3.53

20.75

47.85

27.87

.90 Determined.............. j^1 ? 8 --

Calculated from ultimatefcalories.. 

analysis. .............. .\B. t. u-- .

Car 

sample.

4.13

59. 07

1.10

0.83

5,702

10,204

5,931 

10, 070

WASHING AND COKING TESTS.

Tennessee No. 11 (slack).

Washing test 178. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 42,000 pounds; washed coal, 27,500 

pounds; refuse, 14,500 pounds.

Coking test 160. Size as used: Washed, finely crushed. Duration of test, 40 hours; 

coal charged, 11,890 pounds; coke produced, 7,650 pounds; 64.34 percent. Breeze

19698 Bull. No. 332 08 17
258 BEPOBT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

produced, 550 pounds; 4.63 per cent. Total yield 68,97. per cent. Poor, dense 

coke; ash very high.

Analyses.

Ash. ..........................................................

Washing test 178.

Baw 

coal.

3.53 

20.75

47.85

27.87 

.90

Washed 

coal.

5.60

13.47 

.92

Coking 

Coal.

5.29 

. 23. 61 

56.58 

14. 52 

.86

test 160. 

Coke.

.1.14 

1.60 

80.14 

17. 12 

.69

Cupola tests of coke made from Tennessee No. 11 coal (washed).

CHABGE.

Cupola

test 

No.

144 

179

Coke.

Test

No.

160 

160

Specific 

gravity.

1.97 

1.97

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip 

full.

Per ct.

86.11

Materials.

Coke........

Pig iron..... 

Coke........

Pig iron. ....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

240 

960 

220 

 660 

220

2.

Lbs. 

48 

510 

53 

398 

133

3. 

Lbs. 

48 

510 

53 

398 

133

4.

Lbs. 

47 

 510 

52 

,.397 

132

5.

Lbs. 

47 

510 

52 

397 

132

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

3,000 

430 

2,250 

750

RECOBD OF MELT.

Cupola

test 

No.

144 

179

Blast pressure.

On at 

10.50 a. m...

11.28 a. m...

Maximum.

Oz.

6

Iron 

running in 

Min.

16

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

424

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

317

Total.

Lbs.

741

Melting.

Time.

Min.

20

Bate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

2,223

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

2.58

Loss.

Per ct.

2.03

Becovered.

iron.

Lbs.

2,189

Coke.

Lbs.

143

..LADLE BECOBD.

Ladle No.

0

Test 179.

Pounds.

84 

41

75

Time 

(a. m.).

11. 51 

11.52 

11.56

Ladle No.

4.............................

5.............................

6.............................

Test 179.

Pounds.

92

55 

77

* Time 

(a. m.).

11.57 

12.03 

12.04

Remarks. Jest 144. Blast on 32 minutes; no iron melted; all pig iron used to 

determine effect of sulphur. Test 179: Iron cold and sluggish.

TEXAS. 

TEXAS NO. 3. .

Lignite from Olsen, Milan County, on the International and Great 

Northern Railroad, was designated Texas No. 3. The lignite, as 

worked at a depth of 63 feet at this place, averages 6 feet 6 inches in 

thickness.
TESTS TEXAS. 259

This sample was shipped under the supervision of W. J. Von Borries. It consisted of lump lignite over a f-irich screen and was used 

in making producer-gas test 93.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2'562 was taken 400 feet east of the shaft where the coal measured 6 

feet 5 inches in thickness. Sample 2563 was taken 500 feet east of 

the shaft, where the coal measured 6 feet 7 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Texas No. 3.

Proximate:

Ash.................

Sulphur............."

Ultimate:

Mino samples.

2562 

29.10

36.01 

27.95 

28.66 

7.38

.77

2563 

29.00

35.56 

28.91 

27.49 

8.04 

. .75

Car 

sample.

2734 

23.50

31.06 

27.67 

33.39 

7.88 

.99

6.53 

44.70

Ultimate Continued.

Oxygen..............

Calorific value (as received):

Determined I??1 ? 8

(_Jj. L. U ..

Calculated] 

from ulti-lcalories.

alysis ....J

Mine samples.

3,902 

7,132

. Car 

sample.

0.90 

39.00

4,372 

7,870

4,203 

7,565

PBODUCER-GAS TEST.

Texas No. 3 (lump).

Test 98. Size as used: Over 1 inch, 61 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 18 per cent; J 

inch to $ inch, 8 per cent; under £ inch, 13 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower, 200.1. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 171.8. 

Total coal fired, 25,500 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant, (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Pei' brake horsepower: j

Coal as ' 

fired.

2.70

2.29

2.17

2.90

2.75

2.47

2.33

Dry coal.

1.83

1 73

1-.55

1.47

1.97

1.80

1.07

1.58

Combustible.

1.59

1.35

1.28

1.71

1.62

1. 40

1.38

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 32.20

Volatile matter............................. 30.11

Fixed carbon............................... 28.82

Ash......................................... 8.87

Sulphur..................................... 0.88

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)........................ 10.3

Carbon monoxide (CO)...................... 19.8

Hydrogen (H2).............................. 14.8

Methane (CH<).............................. 2.4

Nitrogen (N2)............................... 51.3

Oxygen (02)................................. .7

Ethylene (CsH*) ............................ .7
260 EEPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

TEXAS NO. 4. ' ' '

Lignite from Hoyt, Wood .-County, on the Missouri, Kansas and 

Texas Railway was designated Texas No. 4. The coal, as worked at 

a depth of 45 feet at this place,. averages 7 feet in thickness.

This sample was shipped under the supervision of* W. J. Von Borries. 

It consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in making steaming 

tests 291, 298, and 303; producer-gas test 92, and briquetting test 112.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2635 

was taken 1 ; 100 feet southeast of the slope, where the coal measured 

6 feet 6 inches in thickness. Sample 2636 was taken 400 feet north 

of the slope, where the coal measured 8 feet in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Texas No. 4.

Proximate:

Ash..................................

Ultimate:

O YVfPTl

Sulphur. .............................

Calorific value (as received) :

Determined................ fiff "

Mine samples.

2635 

29.90

36.80 

28.86 

28.09 

6.25 

.53

3,945 

7,101

2636 

28.40

34.87 

29.80 

27.69 

7.64 

.50

Car 

sample.

2717 

26.70

33.85 

27.50 

31.35 

7.30 

.51

6.68 

43.12 

.71 

41.68

4,165 

7,497

4,002 

7,204'

Steaming tests.®

201.^

36.27 

 30. 58 

25.14 

8.01 

.51

4.33 

64.02 

1.05 

17.23 

12.57 

.80

298.

36.30 

30.61 

24.90 

8.19 

.50

4.32 

63.83 

1.05 

17.15 

12.86 

.79

303.

33.43 

37.80 

18.17 

10.60 

.68

4.31 

' 63. 72 

1.05 

17.14 

12. 95 

.83

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Texas No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 291. Test 298. Test 303.

Si/.e as used:

Over 1 inch................................................per cent..

' J inch to 1 inch................................................do....

| inch to J inch................................................do....

Under J inch.........................;....................... .do....

Duration of test.................................................hours..

Kind of grate............................................................

Heating value of coal......................B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper...................................inch water..

Above fire.....................................................do....

In ash pit.......................... .............'..............do....

Furnace temperature...............................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour..........pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.-....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired........pounds..

10.18

11,131

0.70

44.2 

21.7 

14.0 

20.1 

7.15 

Rocking.

0.61 

.19

 14.7

15.2

14.7

55.4

«4.32

Rocking.

11,077

0.65

'.49 

2,119 

23.06

3.18

89.1

3.68

2,269

35.22

3.71

104.1

3.11

2,299

34.15

3.44

96.4

3.81

a Too short for reliable results. 6 Forced draft.
TESTS TEXAS.

STEAMING TESTS Continued. 

Texas No. 4 (run of mine).

261

Water evaporated from and at 212° .F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

.:....:.. ....... do....

Test 291.

4. -10

0.90

8.09

59.86

6.43

 7.94

4.10

5.06

Test 298.

3.75

5.88

6.8C

51.16

7.54

9.32

4.81

5. 94

Test 303.

4.60

5.62

6.99

49.00

6.15

7.59

5,03

6.22

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Texas No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 92 Size as used: Over 1 inch, 68 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 16 per cent; £ inch

to £ inch, 7 per cent; under £ inch, 9 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average 

electrical horsepower, 193.4; average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 156.1; total coal 

fired, 24,550 pounds. .

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.66

2.54

2.26-

2.16

2.87

2.74

 2.43

2.33

Dry coal.

1.75

1.67

1.49

1.42

1.89

1.81

1.61

1.54

Combustible.

1.55 1:43

1.32

1.26

1.67

1.60.

1.42

1.36

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 34.08

Volatile matter............................. 33.15

Fixed carbon............................... 25.32

Ash.......................................... 7.45

Sulphur..................................... .49

volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 10.3

Carbon monoxide <CO)..................... 20.0

Hydrogen (H2)............................. ; 15.4

Methane (CH<)............................. 2.5

Nitrogen (Ns).............................. 51.8

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Texas No. 4.

Test jC72. Machine used, English. Temperature of briquets, 179.6° F. Kind of 

binder, coal-tar pitch; laboratory No. 2933 (see- p. 40). Amount of binder, 5, 6, 7, 

and 8 per cent. Weight of fuel briquetted, 4,500 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of fuel 

as received, 11,333; per pound of binder, 15,937.

Briquets were of a brown color and full of cracks. The different-percentages of 

binder had no relative effect on the firmness; all fell apart when the pitch hardened. 

None was satisfactory; did not burn well. They did not swell nor crack, but gradually 

disintegrated in the fire, burning slowly with characteristic lignite sparking. In the 

weathering test all briquets were exposed 75 days; condition D.
262 REPORT u. s. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1006-7.

UTAH.

UTAH NO. 1.

Bituminous coal from prospect on Huntington Creek, Carbon 

County, was designated Utah No. 1.

Run-of-mine coal was shipped with considerable difficulty and 

without inspection from this prospect to the testing plant. It was 

furnished principally for coking tests and no mine samples were taken. 

The coal was used in making producer-gas test 118, coking test 130, 

cupola test 1.18, and briquetting test 126; also mixed with Rhode 

Island No. 1 in steaming tests (on briquets) 414 and 415 (see p. 223), 

coking tests 141 and 157, and briquetting test 127. 

*

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Utah No. 1.

Proximate:

Ash.......................'.........

Sulphur ............................

Car 

sample.

3199 

3.80

6.05 

42.02 

47.06

4.87. 

.55

Ultimate:

OwfTPTI

Calorific value (as received)

/calories . .

(&< I. U . . .

Calculated from . ulti- /calories . . 

mate analysis ........ .\B. t. u ...

Car 

sample.

5. 70 

72.32 

1.38 

15.12

7,300 

33, 151 

7,189 

12,940

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Utah No. 1 (run of mine).

Test -118. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 206.2. Average B. t. u. gas per cubic foot, 171.4. Total coal fired, 14,250 pounds.

Coal consumed in produc 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

°,r per horsepower hour (pounds) .

Coal as 

fired.

1.46

1.38

1.24

1.17

Dry coal.

1.38

1.30

1.17

1.11

Combustible.

1.31

1.24

1.11

1.05

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture............^.:..................... 5.83

Volatile matter............................. 42. 46

Fixed carbon............................... 47.05

Ash.................................'........ 4.66

Sulphur..................................... .57

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 8.5

Carbon-monoxide (CO)..................... 22.2

Hydrogen (B^)............................. 15.7

Methane (CH4)............................. 2. 6

Nitrogen (Hz).............................. 50.5

Ethylene (CjEU)............................ .5
TESTS UTAH.

COKING TESTS. .

Utah No. 1 (run of mine).

263

Coke produced ........................

Total yield. . ..........................

......................... .hours. .

(pounds...

Test 130.

f. c.

49

11,810

5,550

1,418

12.01 

59.00

Test 141.

f. c.

60

12,000

None.

Test 157.

f. c.

48

12,000

3,504

29.20 

3,208

26. 73 

55. 93

Remarks. Test 130: Dull-gray color; very finely fingered, with practically no cell 

structure. Test 141: A.ttempt was made to improve coke from Utah No. 1 by lowering volatile of Utah No. 1 by addition of one-third Rhode Island No. 1 (graphitic), but 

with no success. Test 157: Mixed with one-fourth Rhode Island No. 1; coke very 

poor; half did not stick together; other, half very poor and finely fingered, as in 

test 130.

.Analyses.

Ash ...........................................................

Test 130.

Coal.

<\ as

41.89 

47.44 

4.84 

.56

Coke.

2.53

1.37 

88. 05 

8.04 

.64

Coal, 

test 

141.

4.08 

28.43 

57.52 

9.97 

.45

Test 157.

Coal.

4.60 

35. 38 

53.07 

6.95 

.46

Coke.

1.50 

1.38 

86.07 

11.05 

.57

Cupola test of coke made from Utah No. 1 coal.

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

118

Coke."

Test 

No.

130

Specific 

gravity.

1.78

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7

Materials.

iPnlrp

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

200 

600 

200

2'.

Lbs. 

58 

413 

138

3.

.Lbs. 

58 

413 

138

4.

Lbs. 

57 

412 

137

5.

Lbs. 

57 

412 

137

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 750'

a Phosphorus in coke, 0.005 per cent.

Remarks. Blast on at 10.41 a. m. for 20 minutes at maximum pressure of 7 ounces; 

no iron melted; bed burned out. 

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Utah No. 1 (run of mine).

Test 126. Size as used: Over £ inch, 1.4 per cent; -fa inch to { inch, 5.6 per cent; 

fa inch to fa inch, 14.4 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 25 per cent; through fa inch, 

53 per cent. This coal was briquetted with low percentages of binder, with the idea 

of utilizing the natural resin (probably copalite) contained in the coal. With 4 and 5 

per cent binder the heat in the machine would not melt the natural resin, and the 

briquets were very short on binder and crumbled badly. With 6 per cent binder the 

surfaces of whole briquets and of fracture crumbled. The use of a still higher per-
264 BEPOBT XJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

centage of pitch would improve the briquets. No drop tests were made on these 

briquets and no other regular data were obtained, on account of the small amount of 

the sample.

Test 127 (with Rhode Island No. 1). Size as used: Over finch, 1 per cent; TV inch to 

J inch, 5.8 per cent; ^V inch to ^ inch, 9.'4 per cent; £$ inch to ^ inch, 26.4 per cent; 

through ?V inch, 57.4 per cent. This test was made to prove the value of briquetting 

a good fuel with one that is commercially worthless. A high volatile coal low in ash 

was chosen to mix with the graphitic coal. Various percentages were tried, but 47 

per cent of each coal and 6 per cent binder made an entirely satisfactory briquet. 

Six per cent binder made excellent briquets; outer surface smooth and polished, 

and very hard; briquets broke without crumbling, and broken surfaces were smooth 

and hard. For analyses of briquets see page 223 (steaming tests 414 and 415).

Details of manufacture:

Temperature of briquets, 

0 F .....................

p. 40)..............

Amount . . .per cent. .

Fuel.br i q net ted,

Briquets, average,

Test 126.

Rent.

149

w. g. p.

3410

4,5,6

2,000

0.43

Test 127.

Rent. ,

. 149

v- g- P3410

6

iG, 000

0.5

'

Details of manufacture 

Heat value per pound 

B.t.u.. ...........

Fuel as fired .B.t.u..

Time exposed. . . . .days. .

Test I2fi.

13, 151

16, 473

214 

C

Test 127.

12,259

12, 532

16, 478

214 

B

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSa:

......'......... .do....

............... .do....

................do....

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuels.

Utah 

No. 1.

3199 

3.80

3.98 

3.83

R.I. 

No. 1.

3141 

3.4

.02 

.02

Briquets,

test 127.

0.80

6.95 

6.89 

G. 40

UTAH NO. 2.

Bituminous coal from Coalville, Summit County, on the Union 

Pacific Railroad, was designated Utah No. 2. The coal, as worked 

at a depth of 295 feet at this place, averages 10 feet in thickness.

The sample consisted of slack through a IJ-inch screen and was 

shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves. It was used in 

steaming tests (on briquets) 402, 403, and 404, and briquetting test 

132; also mixed with Rhode Island No. 1 in steaming test 416 (on 

briquets, see p. 224) and briquetting test 133.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3200 

was taken 5,000 feet east of the slope bottom on the 500-foot level, 

where the coal measured 10 feet 2 inches in thickness. Sample 3201 

was taken 4,500 feet east of the slope on the 400-foot level, where 

the coal measured 10 feet 7 inches in thickness.
TESTS UTAH.. -265

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Utah No. 2.

Proximate:

Ash..................................

Ultimate:

Ash..................................

Calorific value determined (as /calories . . .

Mine samples.

3200 

5.70

14.07 

. 37.21 

42.46 

0.20 

1.23

3201 

5.20

13.86 

39.69 

41.19 

5.26 

1.32

i1

5,817 

10, 471

Car 

sample.

3259 

2.30

12.66 

38.30 

43.19 

5.85 

1.39

Steaming tests. <»

402.

11.53 

38.91 

43.83 

5.73 

1.30

4.70 

72.15 

1.27 

13'. 86 

0. 48 

1.54

403.

9.32 

39.08 

45.05 

5.95 

1.37

4.75 

73.30 

1.27 

12.61 

0.50 

1.51

404.

10.02 

39/82 

43.41 

6.75 

1.34

4.63 

71.62 

1.29 

13.47 

7.50 

1.49

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Utah No. 2 (briquets.)

Test 402. Test 403. Test 404.

Duration of test ................................................ .hours..

Heating value of fuel...................... B. t. u. per pound dry fuel..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.....................................inch water..

Above fire...................................................... do....

Furnace temperature. ............................................. .°F..

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour........pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour..................................................... .pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired..................................... do....

Per pound of dry fuel........................................ do....

Per pound of combustible.....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.'...:...................... .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour................................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

6.15

12,636

0.65

.18

2,054

24.83

2.87

80.4

4.43

5.12

5.78

7.23

44.18

5.52

6.82

4.89

6.04

2.75

12,791

0.43

.20

2,253

16.28

2.58

72.4

6.19

7.21

7.95

9.22

60.02

3.92

4.84

3.56

4.39

10.08 

12,586'

0.55 

.22

17.19

2.47

69.2

5.64

6.48

7.20

8.56

55.24

4.36

5.39

3.93

4.85

Remarks. Test 402 on English briquets, from test 132 (see p. 266), which were broken 

in two before firing; they burned with some flame and held together well in the fire, 

with no smoke. Tests 403 and 404 on Kenfrow briquets from test 132, which 

burned with a medium flame and very little smoke, and disintegrated badly in the 

fire. Very fine dark ash fell through the grate in large quantities, mixed with a good 

deal of green coal. No clinker formed with the English briquets, and very little with 

the Renfrew briquets.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

Utah No. 2..

Test 132. This coal,*sent primarily for briquetting, had all the characteristics of 

lignite. Oil shale was sent to be used as a binder, but all efforts to use it for this purpose utterly failed. The English briquets with 5 and 6 per cent binder indicated a
266 EEPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

shortage of pitch; outer surfaces rough, but crumbly and porous; crumbly at fracture, 

and broken and fractured surfaces were not firm. Briquets with 7 per cent binder 

showed improvement over the others, but were not satisfactory; outer surface harder, 

but could be roughened by rubbing; did.not break clean; fractured surfaces not hard. 

In the drop test, with 6 per cent binder, the 1-inch screen held 54.4 per cent and passed 

44.6 per cent. The Renfrew briquets with 6 per cent binder were soft and showed 

shortage of pitch. Those with 7 per cent binder showed improvement; broke with 

crumbly fracture and broken surfaces.not firm. Eight per cent binder made good 

briquets, with hard outer surface; broke clean, and broken surfaces firm. For analyses 

of briquets see page 265 (steaming tests 402, 403, 404).

Test 133. In this test Rhode Island No. 1, the only available high-volatile coal, was 

chosen in order to supplement the data of test 127 (p. 264). Test 133 was not successful, as coal showed characteristics of lignite, both in briquetting and burning. The 

mixture contained 47 per cent of each coal. Briquets with 6 per cent binder were 

tough and hard; outer surface smooth and very hard, the fracture rough, but clean 

and firm. No drop tests were made. For analyses of briquets see page 223 (steaming 

test 416).

Size as used: v

5*5 inch to ifo inch ...................;........

3V inch to ^ inch. . ..........................

Binder: 

Kind ....................................

Weight of 

Fuel briquetted .........................

Briquets, average. ......................

Heat value per pound 

Weathering test :

..................do....

..................do....

............ ......do... . 

op

................ B.t.u..

..................do....

..................do....

'

Test 132.

0.8

8.0

21.4

29.8

40.0

Eng. Renf.

175 149

3,410 . 3,410

6,7,8 - 5,6,7

29,000 29,000

3.03 0.42

10, 697 10, 697

11, 180 11, 180

16, 478 16, 478

190 190

D. C.

Test 133.

1.2

6.0

19.2

25.6

48.0

Renf.

149

w.g.p.

3,410

6

37,000

0.52

11,032

11, 527

16,478

190

E.

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSz:

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

Utah 

No. 2.

3259 

2.30

.27 

.26

R.I. 

No. 1.

3141 

3.40

.02 

.02

Briquets.

Test 

132.

1.60

4.69 

4.61 

5.46

Test' 

133.

1.40

6.15 

6.06

7.54
TESTS VIRGINIA, 267

VIRGINIA.

YIKGESTIA NO. 5»

Anthracite coal from the bed known as the "Big seam." (Brush 

Mountain field) 10 miles west of Blacksburg, Montgomery County, 

was designated Virginia No. 5. The coal, as worked from the. outcrop 

at this place, averages 7 feet 8 inches in thickness.

Two samples were shipped under the supervision of R. T. Carroll, 

Virginia No. 5 A consisted of pea coal, and was used in steaming tests 

476 and 482 and producer-gas test 154. Virginia No. 5 B consisted 

of 10 tons of slack coal, and was used in steaming test 494 (on briquets) 

and briquetting tests 187 f and 188.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4092 

was taken 750 feet south of the opening, where the coal measured 7 

feet 10 inches in thickness. Sample 4093 was taken. 15 feet away, 

 where the coal measured 7 feet 6 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Virginia No. 5.

Proximate:

Ash...........................

Sulphur. ......................

Ultimate:

Nitrogen ................... .

Oxygen. . ..........:...........

Ash...........................

mined (as received) . . _. \B . t . u . . .

Mine samples.

4092 

3.10

3.51 

11.06

67.79 

17.04 

.84

4093 

2.40

2.98 

 10.94 

04.14 

21.94

.68

0,483 

11,069

Car samples.

A.

4287 

4.10

4.80 

10.12 

07.05 

18.03 

.63

3.91 

09.27 

.00 

7.50

0,045 

11,901

B.

4294 

7.10

7.52 

10.29 

05.90 

10.23 

.65

4.37 

69.05 

.09 

9.01

0,007 

11,893

Steaming tests."

A.

470.

4.73 

11.04 

05.05 

18.58 

.07

3.53 

72.22 

.09 

3. 30 

19.50 

.70

482.

4.00 

11.51 

60.51 

17.38 

.60

3.58 

73.45 

.70 

3.42 

18.22 

.03

B.

494.

4417

5.02 

15.52 

04.51 

14.95

.84

3.66 

75.82 

.88 

3.02 

15.74 

.88

Briquetting

test 

187 \.b

4545

4.52 

14.28 

05.93 

15.27 

.79

3.68 

70.17 

.81 

2.51 

10.00 

.83

^Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

l> Proximate analysis of fuel as received; ultimate analysis on dry basis.

STEAMING TESTS.

Virginia No. 5.

Size as used:

Heatine value of fuel ............

..................................do....

...............:................. -dO....

................................. .inch. .

.... .......................... .hours. .

.......... .B. t. u. per -pound dry fuel. .

A

Test 470.

4.0

31.1

37.7

2.72

0.53

9.40

12,472

L.

Test 482.

2.1

23.0

30.4

38.5

0.45

0.53

12,079

' B.

Test 494.a

>Seep.2G8.

7.00

13,122

o On briquets, equal weights from tests 187f and 188.
268 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS Continued. 

Virginia No. 5.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper....................................inch water..

'Above fire............... '. ..................................... do.....

In ash pit.............................;' .....................'. .do....

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour..........pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour......................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed......................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired.......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................................do....

Per pound of dry fuel.........................................do....

Per pound of combustible..................................... do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour..................:..,........; .do....

Dry fuel:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour................................do....

A.

Test 476. Test 482,

0.83

.22

o.32

22.74

3.56

99.7

6.20

7.46

7.83

10.77

60.63

3.79

4.68

3.61

4.46

0.63

1.03

.08

35.31

5.27

147.7

. 5.89

7.13

7.47

9.67

56.90

3.97

4.90

3.79

4.67

B.

Test 494.

0.84 

.20

20.07

3.58

100.4

7.02

8.48

8.93

11.05

65.72

3.33

4.12

3.17

3.91

o During the last two hours. 

PKODTICEK-GAS TEST.

Virginia No. 5 A (pea).

Test 154- Duration of test, 30 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 199.6. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 160.7. Total, coal fired, 7,950 pounds. -

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available. .............................................

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds'). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.37

1.33

1.17

1.13

1.49

1.'44

1.27

1.22

Dry coal.

1.33

1.29

1.13

1.09

1.44

1.39

1.22

' 1.18

Combustible.

1.08

1.04

Q9

.89

1.17

1.13

99

.96

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 3.34

Volatile matter............................. 11.28

Fixed carbon............................... 67.24

Ash......................................... 18.14

Sulphur..................................... .75

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COa)......................... 10.2

Carbon monoxide (CO)...................... 19.1

Hydrogen (&).............................. 20.5

Methane (CH*).............................. 1.9

Nitrogen (N2)............................... 48.2

Ethylene (C2H<)............................. .1

BEIQUETTING TESTS.

Virginia No. 5 B (slack).

Tests 187^ and 188. Size as used: Over \ inch, 0.6 per cent; -fa inch to -J- inch, 8.8 

per cent; ^ inch.to TV inch, 23.6 per cent; ^ inch to ^ inch, 27.6 per cent; through 

?V inch, 39.4 per cent. A very hard, nonporous briquet was made with 6 per cent
TESTS VIRGINIA. 269

binder on the English machine. Renfrow briquets with 7 per cent binder stuck 

together in piling, showing excess of pitch; otherwise these briquets were satisfactory. 

This is an exceptionally good briquetting coal, requiring but a small percentage of 

binder and making briquets with firm, smooth outer surfaces, sharp edges, and characteristic glossy fracture. For analyses of briquets see page 267 (briquets from test 

188 under steaming test 494).'

Details of manufacture:

quets... ........ ...°F..

BinderKind.................

 Laboratory No. (see

n dC\"\

Amount . . .per cent. . Weight of 

Briquets, average,

Heat value per poundFuel as received, 

B. t. u..............

Fuel as fired.. B.t.u. .

Test 

187f.

185

w. g. p.

4543

7

8,000

0.457

11,893

12,542 

16,969

Test 

188.

185

w. g. p.

4543

0.25

. 4,000

4.11

11, 893

12,463 

16^969

Drop test (1-inch screen) :

Fines through 10-mesh

Weathering test: 

Time exposed. .... .days. .

In 19 days. .. ..percent.. 

Average for first 5 days,

percent................

Specific gravity (apparent) . .

Test 

187f.

' 78.5

21.5

94.0

G.O

96.9

10 

A.

14.8

2.0

1.182

Test 

188.

85.7

14.3

89.3

10.7

79.1

6 

A.

12.6

1.12

1.209

 fExtraction analyses.

Extractedby CSa :

................do....

................do....

...............do....

Pitch.

.4543

99. 66

Fuel.

4294 

7.10

.29

.27

Briquets.

Test 

187f4545 

3.60

6.47 

6.24 

6.01

Test 

188.

4417 

4.10

5.99 

5.74 

5.51

VIRGINIA NO. 6.

Bitumino.us coal from the bed locally known as No. 4, 5 miles 

northwest of Richlands, Tazewell County, on the Norfolk and Western Railway, was designated Virginia No. 6. The coal, as worked 

from the outcrop at this place, averages 5 feet £ inch in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal and was used in steaming test 507, 

 producer-gas test 160, washing test 198, and coking tests 181 (raw) 

and 184 (washed coal).

Two. mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

4304 was taken 2,000 feet southeast of the opening, where the coal 

measured 5 feet 5 inches in thickness. Sample 4305 was taken 1,600 

feet east of the opening, where the coal measured 4 feet 8 inches in 

thickness.
270 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7,

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Virginia No. 6.

Proximate:

Ash.......................................................

Sulphur ...................................................

Ultimate: 

Hydrogen .................................................

Nitrogen ...................................................

Mine samples.

4304 

2.40

3.03 

25.82 

66.53 

4.62 

1.70

4305 

1.90

2.60 

24.47 

68.45- 

4.48 

1.35

8,131 

14,636

Car 

sample.

4573 

5.00

5.62 

23.07 

61.52 

9.79 

1.21

4.78 

73.35 

1.26 

9.61

7,369 

13,264

Steaming 

test 507.o

3.78 

23.08 

63.85 

9.29 

1.16

4.45 

78.41 

1.35 

4.93 

* 9.65 

1.21

o Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.,

STEAMING TEST. 

Virginia No. 6.

Test 507.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch. ...........:.............'.......................................... .per cent. .

£ inch to 1 inch.. ...................................................................do....

| inch to £ inch ..................................................................... do ....

Under £ inch. .'..................................................................... do. ...

Average diameter. ............................................................... . .inch. .

Duration of test ...................................................................... .hours. .

Heating value of coal. .......................................... B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper. .................................................. J ... .inch water. .

Above fire...... ....................................................... \..... ... ...do....

In ash pit .................:........................................................ do ....

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. ........................... .pounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour . . . . .do. . . .

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed .........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired .......................... .pounds. . Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Per pound of coal as fired....... ................................... ... ............do....

Per pound of dry coal ............................................................. .do

Per pound of combustible. . ....................................................... .do

Efficiency of boiler, including grate ............................................... .per cent. .

Coal as fired:

Per indicated -horsepower hour. ......................................;........ .pounds. .

Per electrical horsepower hour. ..............*........-............................. .do. . . .

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour. ................................................. .do. . . .

Per electrical horsepower hour .................................................... .do

13.5

9.0

61.2

.46

8.87

8.87

14,177

.87

.05

.24

20.59

3.63

101.8

7.01

8.49

8.83

10.30

60.15

3.33

4.11

3.20

3.95

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Virginia No. 6 (run of mine).

Test 160. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 193.1. Average B. t. n. per cubic foot of gas, 138.1. Total coal fired, 11,000 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . . 

Per electrical horsepower:

.Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine .................................................

Coal as 

fired.

1.18

1.14

1.00

.97

Dry coal.

! »

1.12

1.09

.95

.92

Combustible.

. 1.00

.97

.85

.83
TESTS VIRGINIA. 271

PRODUCER-GAS TEST Continued. 

Virginia No. 6. (run of mine).

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per b rake horsepower :

Coal as 

fired.

1.29

1.25

'1.09

1.06

Dry coal.

1.23

1.19

1.05

1.01

Combustible.

1.10

1.07

.93

.91

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 4.51

Volatile matter............................. 22.77

Fixed carbon................................ 62.64

Ash......................................... 10.08

Sulphur. .................................. 1.59

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)..................... 10.5

Carbon monoxide (CO).................... 17.4

Hydrogen (Hs)............................ 14.3

Methane (CH^)............................. 2.0

Nitrogen (Nj)............................. 55.5

Ethylene (C2H«)........................... -3

WASHING TESTS.

Virginia No. 6.

Test 198. Duration of test, 1£ hours. Size as used, through 1-inch screen. Jig 

used, special; speed, 70 r. p. ni.; stroke, 2$ inches. Raw coal, 8.31 tons; washed 

coal, 6.75 tons, 81 per cent; refuse, 1.56 tons, 19 per cent.

Analyses.

Sample tested.

Washed coal, test 198 ......:........................

Lab. No.

4573

4578

Moisture.

5.62

6.36

3.64

A

Percent.

. 9.79

4.38

63.98

sh.

Percent reduction .

57

(per 

cent).

1.21

1.30

6.15

Float and sink tests.

No. of test.

On rawcoal (preliminary) :

2.....:................

3......................

4...... .........

On refuse (float):" 

1......................

2......................

3......................

4......................

Size 

used 

(inch).

f

Specific 

gravity 

of solution used.

1.35 

1. 41 

1.45 

1.53

1.35 

1.41 

1.45 

,1.51

Perce 

of fl

To 

refuse.

15.30 

15.75 

15.90 

19.25

ntago

To 

total 

sample.

84

85 

85 

87

2.90 

2.99 

.3.02 

3.65

Sink 

(per 

cent) .

16 

15 

15 

13

Analyses.

Ash.

Per 

cent.

2.60 

2.98 

3.44 

3.53

4.80 

5.35

5.62

9 31

Per 

cent reduction.

54 

48 

42 

41

Sulphur.

Per 

cent.

.95 

.92 

.95 

.97

1.39

1.78

1.75

2.79

Per 

cent reduction.

21 

24 

21 

20

a Figures indicate that finer crushing is advantageous. It will be noted that in the washing test the 

sulphur shows a higher percentage in the washed coal than it did in the raw coal. This is caused by the 

reduction of the ash being so much greater than the reduction of the'sulphur that the resulting percentage of the sulphur to the washed coal is higher than that of the original sulphur to the raw coal. By

formula Y=£nM. it is found that 13 per cent of the sulphur in the raw coal was removed in washing.

Loss of "good coal" in the refuse will not exceed 2.2 per cent, 

quality equal to or better than that of the .washed coal.

By "good coal" is meant all coal of a
27''2 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

COKING TESTS. ..

Virginia No. 6 (run of mine).

j....do....

................................ . jper cent 

(pounds . .

................................ jjjQf cent.. 

......................................do....

Test 181 

(raw) .

i.e.

50

10,910

6,698

61.39 

267

63.84

Test.184 

(w.).

f. c.

48

11,180

6,150

55.01 

191

1.72 

56.71

Remarks. Test 181: Light gray color; dense coke; breakage very irregular. Test 

184: Light gray and silvery; good strong coke; washing reduced ash and sulphur.

Analyses.

Ash...................................................................

Sulphur. . .............................................................

Test 181.

Coal.

5.05 

22.95 

62.11 

9.89 

1.49

Coke.

0.38 

1.35 

86.05 

12.22 

1.44

Test 184.

Coal.

5.48 

24.77 

64.96 

. 4.79 

1.45'

Coke.

0.24 

.32 

93.73 

5.71 

1.24

WASHINGTON. 

WASHINGTON NO. 1.

Subbituminous coal from Renton, King County, on the Seattle and 

Tacoma electric line, and also on a branch of the Great Northern Railway, was designated Washington No. 1. The. coal is-reached by a 

slope at this place.

These samples were shipp.ed under the supervision of M. R. Campbell, as follows: Washington No. 1 A consisted of pea coal and was 

used in producer-gas test 90. Washington No. 1 B consisted of runof-mine coal, and was used in steaming test 290 and producer-gas tests 

89 and 94.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 2455 

was taken 2,400 feet south of the slope and 4,300 feet from the mouth 

of the mine. Sample 2456 was obtained 150 feet from the slope and 

2,300 feet from the mouth of the mine.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Washington No. 1.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Sulohur . . ..................'...................

Mine samples.

2455 

9 90

16.18 

35.65 

39.31 

8.86 

.46

2456 

12.90

17.97 

35.13 

39.12 

7.78 

.43

Car samples.

2687 

10.70

16. 04 

31.39 

41.04 

11. 53 

.61

2686' 

9.60

14.30 

33.03 

41.30 

11.37 

.72

Steaming 

test 290."

. 15.96 

34.53 

37.43 

12.08 

.58

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired.
TESTS WASHINGTON.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES Continued. 

Washington No. 1.

273

Ultimate:

Ash.............................................

Sulphur. . .................................. ....

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined..... .................... .(cRal° 8 -- V±s. i. u. .

Calculated from ultimate analysis. . --m11""^' '

Mine samples.

'5, 559 

10, 000

Car samples.

5.57 

56.51 

1.1G 

24.62

5.73 

57.27 

1.17 

23.74

i

5,521 

9,938 

5,438 

9,788

5,671 

10, 208 

5,595 

10, 071

Steaming 

test 290. o

4.77 

66.09 

1.34 

12.74 

14.37 

.69

Ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TEST. 

Washington No. 1 B (run of mine).

Test 290.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch....................................................................per cent..

J inch to 1 inch....................................................................do....

| inch to} inch.......................................................................do....

Under J inch.......................................................................do....

Duration of test......................................................................hours..

Heating value of coal,.......................................... B. t. u. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.........................................................inch water..

Above lire.......................................................................... .do....

Furnace temperature.................................................................... °F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour........do....

Percentage of fated horsepower of boiler developed..........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...........................pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired......................................................... .do....

Per pound of dry coal..............................................................do....

Per pound of combustible.....:................................................... .do....

E fficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per c*ent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

Dry coal: <"

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do....

38.9

23.9

14.

22.

10.0

11,772

0.59

.12

2,047

19. 63

2.92

81.8

5.22

6.25

7.44

9.26

61.03

4.52 

5.59,

3.80

4.69

PRODUCEK-GAS TESTS. 

Washington No. 1.

Size as used:

Total coal fired ...................................

............... .do....

................do....

.............pounds..

A.

Test 90.

Pea.

'9

35

31

25

40

144.2

145.9

18,900

]

Test 89.

r. o. m.

45

10

30' 15

40

156.2

159.2

16, 450

!. '

Test 94.

r. o. m.

68

10

9

13

14

195.6.

144.1

C,550

19698 Bull. No. 332 08- -18
274 REPOBT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PKODUCEE-GAS TESTS Continued. 

Washington No. 1.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower 

hour (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds} . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Test 90 (A.)

Coal 

as 

fired.

3.53 

3.28

3.00 

2.79

3.71 

3.44

3.15 

2.93

Dry 

coal.

2.96 

2.75

2.52 

2.34

3.11 

2.89

2.64 

2.45

Combustible.

2.51 

2.34

2.14 

1.99

2.64 

2.45

2.24 

2.08

Test 89 (B).

Coal 

as 

fired.

2.83 

2.63

2.40 

2.24

3.03 

2.82

2.57 

2.40

Dry 

coal.

2.37 

2.21

2.01 

1.88

2.54 

2.37

2.16 

2.01

Combustible.

1.99 

1.86

1.69 

1.58

2.14 

1.99

1.81 

1.69

Test 94 (B).

Coal 

as 

fired.

2.52 

2.39

2.14 

2.03

2.73 

2.59

2.32 

2.20

Dry 

coal.

2.12 

2.01

1.80 

1.71

2.29 

2.17

1.94 

1.85

Combustible.

1.77 

1.68

1.50 

1.43

1.91 

1.81

1.62 

1.54

Analyses.

Coal.

Ash................

Test 90.

16.17

34.00

37.27

12.56

W

Test 89.

16.21

34.07

36.35

 13.37

.58

Test 94.

16.02

33.27

36.81

13.90

<M

Gas by volume.

(CO,).. ...........

(CO)..............

Methane (CH-i) ..... 

Nitrogen (N2> ......

Ethylene(C2H<)....

Test SO.

11.3

 15.4

10.5

3.6 

59.2 

.0

Test 89.

13.4

14 ^

16.7

3.8 

51.6 

.0

Test 94.

12.6

13 9

19 a

2.6 

57.4 

.2

.7

WASHINGTON NO. 2.

Bituminous coal from Roslyn, Kittitas County, on the Northern 

Pacific Railway, was designated Washington No. 2. The coal is 

worked at a depth of 625 feet at this place.

The sample, consisting of lump coal loaded under the supervision 

of M. R,. Campbell, was used in steaming tests 359, 360, 361, and 

(on briquets) 412; producer-gas test 112; coking test 135; cupola tests 

97 and 134; and briquetting test 125.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 

2457 was taken about 6,000 feet from the mouth of the mine. Sample 2458 was taken about 2,000 feet from the foot of the shaft.
TESTS WASHINGTON.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Washington No. 2.

275

Proximate:

Ash........................

Ultimate:

Ash ........................

'Calorific value (as received) : 

Detennined..--.^ 8 --

Calculated from) , .

ultimate anal4CRa 1(? ,,

Mine samples.

2458 

1.30

3.39 

37.34 

48. -88 

10.39 

.33

7, 137 '

2457 

.90

3.36 

36.15 

46.58 

13.91 

.36

Car 

sample.

3098 

1.30

3.16 

36.49 

48.09 

12.26 

. .38

5.15 

69.35 

1.24 

11.02

6,992 

12,586

6,879 

12, 382

Steaming tests.o

359.

3.16 

36.49 

48.09 

12.26 

.38

4.96 

71.62 

1.28 

9.09 

12. 66 

.39

360.

3.61 

35.63 

48.95 

11.81 

.39

4.98 

71.95 

1.29 

9.12 

12.25 

.41

361.

3.59 

35.97 

48.85 

11.59 

.37

4.99 

72.16 

1.29 

9.15 

12.03 

.38

412. .

2.66 

37. 39 

48.89 

11.06 

.39

4.86 

73.02 

1.48 

8.88 

11.36 

.40

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Washington No. 2 (lump).

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Dry fuel used pgr square foot of 

pounds

....................do....

.....................do....

t. u. per pound dry fuel. .

....................do....

...................... °F..

grate surface per hour,

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surf ace per hour.. ......... - . - . . nonnrls

Percentage of rated horsepower of bo 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212 ° 

Per pound of fuel as fired ......

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. 

Fuel as fired:

Dry fuel: 

Per indicated horsepower hour.

pound of fuel as fired,

F.: 

... .............pounds..

....................do....

.......... .....per-cent..

...................do....

....................do.... 

....................do....

Test 359.

20.9 

21.3 

18.0 

39.8 

10.0 

12,996

0.60 

.13 

2,362

19.83

3.47 

97.4

7.13

8.50 

8.78 

10. 27 

65.25

3.33 

4.11

3.22 

3.98'

Test 360.

41.4 

22.3 

15.3 

21.0 

10.05 

13,059

0.67 

.12 

2,469

22.69

3.86 

108.4

6.93

8.23 

8.54 

9.86 

63.15

3.44 

4.24

3.31 

4.09

Test 361.

33.5 

22.8 

15.8 

27.9 

10.0 

13,095

0.68 

.12 

2,405

21.92

' 3.82 

107.1

7.08

8.42 

8.73 

10.07 

64.38

3.36 

4.15

3.24 

4.00

Test 412.

See p. 277

9.47 

13,243

0.63 

.11 

2,155

19.78

3.54 

99.3

7.49

8.74 

8.98 

10.22 

65.48

3.24 

3.99

3.15 

3.89

Remarks. Test 412 on briquets.' English briquets burned very freely and cracked 

open to a depth of 2 inches, but coked and held together well. Renfrow briquets 

made a hotter fire than the others, probably owing to the fact that they were small 

and made a more compact fuel bed. The different percentages of pitch do not affect 

the burning qualities. No smoke. Refuse: Clinker was heavy and was brittle when 

hot, and slightly porous. Ash was heavy and of a reddish-brown color.
276 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Washington No. 2 (lump).

Test 112. Duration of test, 35 hours. Average electrical horsepower .195.7. 

Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 168.6. Total coal fired, 9,300 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per braV.e horsepower:

Coal 

as fired.

1.44

1.36

1.22

1.15

1.52

1.44

1.29

1.22

Dry coal.

1.38

1.30

1.17

1.11

1.46

1.38

1.24

1.17

Combustible.

1.18

1.12

1.00

.95

1.25

1.18

1.06

1.01

Analyses. ,

-Coal.

Moisture.................................... 4.01

Volatile matter .............................. 34.61

Fixed carbon ............................... 47.49

Ash......................................... 13.89

Sulphur.................................... .38

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)....................... 7.9

Carbon monoxide(CO)...................... 22.2

Hydrogen (H2 ) .............................. 15.4

Methane (CH<).........:.................... 2.6

Nitrogen (N2). .............................. 51.5

Ethylene (C2HO ............................. .4

COKING TEST.

Washington No. 2 (lump).

Test 135. Size as used: Raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 36 hours; coal 

charged, 10,000 pounds; coke produced, 5,477-pounds, 54.77 per cent; breeze produced, 

444 pounds, 4.44 per cent. Total percentage yield, 59.21. Light gray, with deposit 

of carbon; fingered and brittle. Ash should be lowered and coke probably otherwise 

improved by washing..

Analyses.

Ash.... ................................................................................

Coal.

3.07

37.42

47.35

12.16

.44

Coke.

1.02

2.10

 77.53

19.35

.44

Cupola tests of coke made from Washington No. 2 coal.

CHARGE.

Cupola 

test 

No.

97 

134

Coke.o

Test 

No:

135 

135

Specific 

gravity.

1.90 

1.90

Ratio 

iron to 

coke.

7 

7

Fluidity 

strip

full.

Per ct. 

91.60

97.22

Materials.

Coke. .......

Pig iron.....

Coke........

Pig iron.....

Divisions of charge.

1.

Lbs. 

190 

570 

190 

200 

600 

200

2.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

58 

413 

' 138

3.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

58 

413 

138

4.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

57 

412 

137

5.

Lbs. 

60 

420 

140 

57 

412 

137

Total.

Lbs. 

430 

2,250 

750 

430 

2,250 

750

Phosphorus in coke, 0.0847 per cent.
TESTS WASHINGTON. 277

Cupola tests of coke made from Washington No. 2 coal Continued.

EBCORD OF MELT.

test 

No.

97

134

Blast pressure.

On at 

9.41a.m....

427 p. m...

Maximum.

02.

7

7

Iron

running in 

Mm.

9

7

Weight of iron.

Poured.

Lbs.

903

1,411

Additional 

melted.

Lbs.

299

3G5

Total.

Lbs.

1,202

1,776

Melting.

Time.

Min.

29

30

Rate 

per 

hour.

Lbs.

2,487

3,552

Ratio 

iron 

to coke

3.03

440

Loss.

Per ct.

8.96

3.40

Recovered.

Iron.

Lbs.

1,529

1,112

Coke.

Lbs.

33

32

LADLE RECORD.

Ladle No.

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

(i.........

7...:.....

8.........

9.........

10........

11........

Test 97.

Pounds.

24 

36 

83 

91 

96 

17 

58 

76 

64 

59 

60

Time 

(a.m.).

9.53 

9. SO 

10.00 

10.04 

10.04$ 

10.05 

10.08 

10.09 

10.10 

10. 10J 

10. 12

Test 134.

Pounds.

78 

30 

80, 

44 

78 

41 

73 

98 

26 

88 

84

Time 

(p.m.).

443 

443J 

446 

446J 

448 

448J 

449 

450 

450J 

451J 

453

Ladle No.

12........

13........

14........

15........

16........

17........

18........

19

20........

21........

Test 97.

Pounds.

51 

55 

94 

30 

9

Time 

(a. m.).

10.13 

10. 13J 

10.15 

10.18 

10.19

Test 134.

Pounds.

73 

68 

72 

68 

107 

79 

21 

56 

59 

88

Time 

(p. m.)

455 

455J 

4.57 

457J 

458 

459 

5.00 

5.01& 

5.02 

5.04

Remarks. Test 97: Iron cold. 

BRIQUETTING TEST. 

Washington No. 2 (lump).

Test 125. Size as used: Over J inch, 2.4 per cent; ^ inch to £ inch, 11 per cent; 

sV inch to T\j inch, 19.6 per cent; ^ inch to ^V inch, 2G.2 per cent; through ^ inch, 

40.8 per cent. Kind of binder, water-gas pitch; laboratory No. 3410 (see p. 40). 

Weight of fuel briquetted, 12,000 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of coal as received 

12,586; per pound of briquets as fired, 12,890; per pound of binder, 16,478.

English .briquets, average weight 3.24 pounds, proved that 5.5 per cent binder 

was insufficient, as shown by general lack of cohesion at edges and surfaces of whole ' 

briquets and of fracture. With 6 per cent binder, briquets were still crumbly, but 

better than those with 5.5 per cent. With 6.5 and 7 per cent binder, briquets were 

cohesive, with firm edges and surfaces hard and smooth. In the drop test with 6 per 

cent binder the 1-inch screen held 87.4 per cent and passed 12.6 per cent. In the 

weathering test all briquets were exposed 214 days; condition of those with 5.5 per 

cent binder C, of the others B.

Benfrow -briquets, average weight 0.46 pound, in weathering test were exposed 

214 days; condition of those with 6.5 per cent binder, C; of those with 7 and 7.5 per 

cent binder, B.

For analyses of briquets see page 275 (steaming test 412).

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSa:

.....................do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

3098

1.30

1.26

1.24

Briquets, 

test 125.

0.20

6.90

0.89

7.19
REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT; 1906-7.

WEST VIRGINIA. 

WEST VIRGINIA NO. ll.o

A car of bone coal from Pocahontas bed No. 3 at Zenith (Grumpier station), Monroe County, on the Norfolk and Western Railway, was designated West Virginia No. 11 B. This sample was 

shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves and used in 

producer-gas test 161.

This carload was picked up by hand beside the tipple, where it 

had accumulated in ridges along the tracks by being thrown away 

while cleaning and loading cars. The process of picking up the 

lumps by hand naturally eliminated .the fine coal that was broken 

off the lumps, making a smaller per cent of good coal than would 

be the case in loading from a bin.

. No mine samples were taken at the time of shipment. One sample 

of representative bone coal was carefully cleaned of all good coal 

adhering to it and sent in for chemical analysis.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

West Virginia No. 11 B (bone coal).

Laboratory No................................................................... 42.31

Air-drying loss.................................................................... .60

Moisture.......................................................................... 1.02

Volatile matter................................................................... 9.08

Fixed carbon..................................................................... 44.47

Ash...........................................................:................... 45.43

Sulphur........................................................................... .30 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

West Virginia No. 11 B (bone coal).

Test 161. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 194.3. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 144.0. Total coal fired, 18,900 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.00

1.95

1.70

1.65

Dry coal.

1.99

1.94

.1.69

1.64

Combustible.

1.12

1.09

.95

.92

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 0.47

Volatile matter............................. 8.83

Fixed carbon............................... 46.96

Ash......................................... 43. 74

Sulphur...................................... .27

Gas by volume.-

Carbon dioxide (COs)........................ 9.7

Carbon monoxide (CO)...................... 19.5

Hydrogen (H2).............................. 16. 6

Methane (CH<)............................... 1. 6

Nitrogen (N3)................................ 52. 6

a For other tests of coal from this mine, made during 1904, see Bulk U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261,1905, 

pp. 58, 83,129; Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48,1906, pp. 133, 259, 905,1365.
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA. 279

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 16.<*

Bituminous lump coal from Monongah, Marion County, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was designated West Virginia No. .16 A. 

Coal over a f-inch screen, loaded under the supervision of J. S. Burrows, was used in steaming tests 304 and 305.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

West Virginia No. 16 A.

Proximate:

Ash.......................

Sulphur...................

Steaming tests.a

 304.

4.12 

33.83 

54.05 

8.00 

1.17

305.

6.79 

31.71 

53.01 

7.89 

1.09

Ultimate:

Ash......................

Steaming tests.a

304.

4.99 

77.43 

1.58 

0.44 

8.34 

1.22

305.

4.98 

77.38 

1.57 

6.44 

8. 40 

1.17

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

West Virginia No. 16 A (lump).

Size as used: 

Over 1 inch ...........................................

$ inch to 1 inch .......................................

Duration of test ...........................................

Force of draft:

Above fire ............................................

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

u. per pound dry coal. .

..................do....

................... °F..

nnnnds

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds. . .......

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired . . Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Efficiency of boiler, including grate ....................... 

Coal as fired :

Dry coal:

...............pounds.. 

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..............percent..

..................do....

..................do....

Test 304.

50.6 

22.8 

10.1 

16.5 

5.3 

Hocking. 

13,896

0.42 

.14 

2,864 

20.88

3.85 

108.0 

8.18

9.88 

10.30 

11.56 

71.58

2.86 

3.53

2.74

3

QQ

Test 305.

33.9 

19.6 

19.0 

27.5 

5.33

13,964

0.49 

.09 

2,548 

16.37

3.33 

93.4 

7.89

9.50 

10. 20 

11.29 

70.54

2.98 

3.68

2.77 

3.42

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 22.

Bituminous coal from a bed at Hernshaw, Kanawha County, on the 

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, was designated " West Virginia 

No. 22." This coal has not been definitely correlated with any of the 

well-known coals of the region. As mined at the outcrop, it is 5 feet 

9f inches in average thickness.

Two samples were shipped under the supervision of John W. 

Groves/ West Virginia No. 22 A consisted of screenings through a

a For otber tests of this coal, made during 1905, seu'Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 290, 1900, p. 209.
280 EBPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

l^-inch screen, and was used in steaming tests 446, 447, and (washed 

coal) 454, and in washing test 186. West Virginia No. 22 B consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in steaming test 438.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3456 

was taken 400 feet east of the opening, where the coal measured 6 feet 

6£ inches in thickness. Sample 3457 was taken 1,200 feet east of the 

opening, where the coal measured 4 feet 3 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

West Virginia No. 22. 

Proximate: 

Moisture

Ash........................

Ultimate: 

HvdroKen

Ash ........................

Calorific value deter- 1 calories. . 

mined(as received)\B. t. u. . .

Mine samples.

3456 

0.90

2.75 

35.49 

56.27 

5.49 

.63

7,674 

13,813

3457 

1.50

3.49 

33.67 

56.40 

6.44 

.63

7,674 

13,813

Car 

sample.

3905 

2.00

3.42 

33.49 

55.27 

7.82 

.83

5.27 

74. 49 

1.20 

10.39

7,492 

13, 486

Steaming tests.o

A.

'446.

5.44 

29.31 

51.64 

13.61 

.95

4.72 

72.02 

1.15 

6.72 

14.39 

1.00

447.

5.55 

29.65 

51.33 

13.47 

1.04

4.72 

72.03 

1.15 

6.74 

14.26 

1.10

454.

5.24 

33.67 

54.99 

6.10 

' .90

5.17 

78.82 

1.26 

7.36 

6.44 

.95

B.

438.

3.42 

33.49 

55.27 

7.82 

.83

4.96 

77.13 

1.24 

7.71 

8.10 

.86

Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.

STEAMING TESTS. 

West Virginia No. 22.

Size as used:

Average diameter. ............. 

Duration of test ....................

Force of draft : 

" Under stack damper............

Dry coal used per square foot of

Equivalent water evaporated per sq 

surface per hour....... ........... 

Percentage of rated horsepower of I 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212°

Efficiency of boiler, including grate 

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

Per electrical horsepower hour.

....................do....

....................do....

....................do....

..................inches.. 

...................hours., 

t. u. per pound dry coal. .

............ .inch.^ater. .

o-p

grate surface per hour,

uare foot of water-heating 

.................pounds..

pound of coal as fired,

F.:

....................do....

..............:.....do....

....................do....

A.

Test 446.

9.7 

17.8 

21.5 

51.0 

0.48 

10.22 

12,838

0.81 

.17 

2,616

18.94

3.08 

86.4

6.58

7.71 

8.16 

10.00 

61.38

3.67 

4.53

3.47 

4.28

Test 447.

5.6 

15.8 

20.8 

57.8 

0.41 

9.68 

12, 843

0.81 

.19 

2,801

20.22

3.54 

99.1

7.06

8.28 

8.76 

10.61 

65.87

3.42 

4.22

3.23 

3.99

Test 454 

(w.).

15.2 

26.8 

21.7 

36.3 

0.61

14, 152

0.75 

.16 

2,793

20.99

3.93 

110.3

7.42

8.90 

9.39 

10.33 

64.08

3.18 

3.92

3.01 

3.72

B.

Test 438.

53.6 

20.0 

10.0 

16.4 

1.27 

9.55 

13,963

0.79 

.09

21.97

' 4.20 

117. C

7.89

 9.24 

9.57 

10.60 

66. 19

3.06 

3.78

. 2.96 

3.65
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA. .281

WASHING TEST.

West Virginia No. 22 A (nut and slack). 

Test 186. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 38,250 pounds. Washed coal, 32,250

pounds; 84 per cent. Refuse, 6,000 pounds; 16 per cent. 

Analyses.

Moisture.. . .................. '. ......................................................

Volatile matter .....................................................................

Ash.................................................................................

Raw 

coal.

4.59

33.38

52.23

9.80

1.01

Washed 

coal.

7.00

33.34

53. 84

5.70

.97

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 23.

Bituminous coal from the Cedar Grove bed, one-fourth mile 

northeast of Monarch, Kanawha County, on the Kanawha and 

Michigan Railroad, was designated West Virginia No. 33. The coal, 

as worked from the outcrop at this place, averages 3 feet 1£ inches 

in thickness.

Two samples were shipped under the supervision of John W. 

Groves. West Virginia No. 23 .A consisted of run-of-mine coal and 

was used in steaming tests 439 and 440. West Virginia No. 23 B 

consisted of slack through a 1^-inch screen, and was used in steaming 

tests 444 (washed) and 445 and washing test 180.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3458 

was taken 1,500 feet north of the opening, where the coal measured 

3 feet 1J-inches in thickness. Sample 3459 was taken 1,500 feet 

northwest of the opening, where the coal measured 3 feet 2 inches in 

thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

.West Virginia No. 23.

Proximate:

Ash..............................

Ultimate:

Ash................. ............

Calorific value determined (calories..

Mine samples.

3458 

1.40

3.13 

35. 51 

57.82 

3.54 

.59

7,757 

13,963

3459 

2.50

4.17 

35.36 

54. 17 

6.30 

1.24

Car samples.

A.

3965 

.00

2.05 

34.71 

55. 14 

8.10 

1.35

5.08 

75. 56 

1.18 

8.73

7,615 

13, 707

B.

3625 

1.70

3.25 

34.61 

54.56 

7.58 

1.22

5.23 

75.27 

1.43 

9.27

7,513 

13,523

Steaming tests.a

A.

439.

2.05 

34. 71 

55.14 

8.10 

1.35

4.95 

77.14 

1.21 

7.05 

8.27 

1.38

440.

2.61 

34.15 

53.96 

9.28 

1.52

4.88 

75.91 

1.18 

6.94 

9.53 

1.56

B.

444.

4.06 

35.70 

55. 44 

4.80 

.95

5.20 

80.44 

1.53 

6.84 

5.00 

.99

445.

2.44 

33.30 

53.67 

10. 59 

1.40

4.86 

75.06 

1.42 

6.38 

10.85 

1.43

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired: ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
282 EEPORT TJ. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

West 'Virginia No. 23.

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature

....................do....

....................do....

....................do....

t. u. per pound dry coal. .

....................do....

..................... °F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour, pounds 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour. ..............----.--_-..-... .Tiounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of I 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212°

Efficiency of boiler, including grate 

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

pound of coal as fired,

F.:

....................do....

....................do....

....................do....

A.

Test 439.

56.3 

21.9 

12.0 

9.8 1.31- 

9.95 

13,995

0.77 

.12 

2,657 

19.98

3.56 

99.7

7.49

8.73 

8.92 

10.20 

61.55

3.24 

4.00

3.17 

3.91

Test 440.

32.9 

20.0 

15.4 

31.7 

. .87 

9.83 

13, 781

0.75 

.12 

2,572- 

18.82

3.41 

95.6

7.63

8.84 

9.08 

10.49 

63.62

3.20 

3.95

3.11 

3.84

B.

Test 444 

(w.).

12.1 

23.2 

24.6 

40.1 

.56 

10.05 

14, 483

0.78 

.10 

2,536 

17.51

3.14 

88.0

7.37

8.61 

8.98 

9.92 

59.88

3.28 

4.05

3.15 

3.89

Test 445.

25.2 

21.6 

16.6 

36.6 

.70 

10. 00 

13, 498

0.77 

.13 

2,638 

19.11

3.42 

95.9

7.47

8.75 

8.97 

10.65 

64.17

3.23 

3.99

3.15 

3.89

WASHING TEST.

West Virginia No. 23 B (nut and slack).

Test 180. Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 36,000 pounds. Washed coal, 33,980 

pounds; 94 per cent. Refuse, 2,020 pounds; 6 per cent. Analyses: For analyses of 

the fuel used see page 281 (sample 3625). Analysis of. the washed coal: Moisture, 4.24; 

ash, 4.87; sulphur, 0.93.

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 24.

A sample of bone coal from the Pocahontas bed No. 3 at Gary, 

McDowell County, on the Norfolk and Western Railway, was designated West Virignia No. 24. This sample was shipped under the 

supervision of A. K. Adams and was used in producer-gas test 162.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

West Virginia No. 24 (bone coal).

Test 162. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 148.8. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 106.3. Total coal fired, 11,000 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) .

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available ..............................................

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.55 

1.48

1.32 

1.26

Dry 

coal.

1.51 

1.44

1.28 

1.22

Combustible.

1.07 

1.02

.91

.87
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA. 283

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture..................................... 2.91

Volatile matter.............................. 11.81

Fixed carbon................................ 57.19

Ash.......................................... 28.08

Sulphur...................................... .54

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COa)....................... 12.4

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 14.0

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 13.8

Methane (CHi)............................. 1.2

Nitrogen (Ns) ............................... 58.0

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 25. .

Bituminous coal from the Black Band bed, 8 miles southeast of 

Charleston, Kanawha County, on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, 

was designated West Virginia No. 25. The coal, as worked from the 

outcrop at this place, averages 2 feet 9f inches in thickness.

One sample, shipped under the supervision of John W. Groves, 

consisted of lump coal over a 1 J-inch screen, and was used in producergas test 156 and coking test 175.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 4290

was taken 1,300 feet south of the opening, where the coal measured 

2 feet 8f inches in thickness. Sample 4291 was taken 800 feet west 

of the opening, where the coal measured 2 feet 11 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

West Virginia No. 25.

Proximate:

Volatile matter...... 

Fixed carbon. ....... 

Ash.................

Sulphur .............

Mine samples.

4290 

1.80

3.46 

34.55 

53.79 

. 8.20 

.58

4291 

2.10

3.91 

34.83 

54.48 

6.78 

.64

Car 

sample.

4360 

2.30

4.21 

35.41 

53.16 

7.22 

.64

Ultimate:

O YvPon

Calorific value) ,= 

determined|?,al?nIf- (as received), j^- 1 - 11 --

Mine samples.

7,484 

13, 471

Car 

sample.

5.16 

72.89 

1.40 

12.69

7, 433 

13,379

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

West Virginia No. 25 (lump).

Test 156. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 199.2. Average 

B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 17L6. Total coal fired, 13,000 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (poundu) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.35

1.31

1. 15

1. 11

1.42

1. 37

1.17

Dry coal.

1.26

1.11

1.07

1.37

1.32

1.16

1.12

Combustible.

1 19

1.16

1.01

.98

1.25

1.21

1.06

1.03
284 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT,, 1906-7.

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 3.83

Volatile matter............................. 34.34

Fixed carbon............................... 53.61

Ash......................................... £.22

Sulphur..................................... .62

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02 )....................... 7.9

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 23.4

Hydrogen (H2 ).............................. 17.1

Methane (CH<)............................. 2.1

Nitrogen (N2).............................. 49.1

Ethylene (C2HO............................ .4

COKING TEST.

West Virginia No. 25 (lump).

Test 175. Size as used: Raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 43 hours. Coal 

charged, 11,340 pounds. Coke produced, 6,920 pounds, 61.02 percent. Breeze produced, 381 pounds, 3.36 per cent. Total yield, 64.38 per cent. Good strong coke; 

gray color with a little silvery deposit of carbon.

Analyses.

Ash. ....................................................................................

Coal.

 4.56

34.38

53.39

7.67

.61

Coke.

0.30

.49

86.71

12.50

.47

WYOMING. 

WYOMING NO. 4.

Bituminous coal from Hanna, Carbon County, on the Union 

Pacific Railroad, was designated Wyoming No. 4. The coal, as 

worked at a depth of 387 feet at this place, averages 35 feet in thickness.

This sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal shipped under the 

supervision of John W. Groves, was used in steaming test 399 and 

producer-gas test 123. 

. Four mine samples were taken for analysis. Sample 3160 was

taken 1,900 feet south of the slope. Sample 3161 was taken 2,000 

feet south of the slope. Sample 3162 was taken 1 ; 700 feet south of 

the slope. Sample 3163 was taken immediately above the point 

where sample 3162 was taken. The two benches combined measured 

35 feet.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Wyoming No. 4.

Proximate:

Ash........................

Sulphur ....................

Mine samples.

3160 

3.80

12.32 

40.80 

41.69 

5.19 -.23

31C1 

4.10

12.66 

40.36 

43.10 

3.88 

.21

3162 

4.00

11.49 

40.38 

42.24 

5.89 

.44

3163 

3.50

11.73 

41.30 

41.40 

5.57 

.29

Car samples.

63363 

2.30

11.30 

40.32 

41.07 

7.31 

.28

. c339G 

3.80

12.40 

39.75 

41.08 

6.77 

.26

Steaming test 

399.o

12.40 

39.75 

41.08

6.77 

.26

» Proximate'analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

& Sample from producer-gas test 123 treated as car sample. 

c Sample from steaming test 399 treated as car sample.
TESTS WYOMING. 285

CHEMICAL ANALYSES Continued. 

Wyoming No. 4.

Ultimate':

Nitrogen...................

Ash........................

Calorific value (as received) :

Calculated froml . .

ultimate anal- ^°n.f- ysis............)i$ ' T" " 

Mine samples.

0,108 

11, 102

Car samples.

5.50 

01.24 

.88 

24.73

5,975 

10, 755

5,806 

10, 451

6.37 

61.58 

.85 

24.17

5,948 

10, 700

6, 136 

11,045

Steaming test 

399.

5.70 

70.30 

.97 

15.00 

7.73 

.30

STEAMING TEST.

Wyoming No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 399.

Size its used:

Over ] inch......................................................................per cent.

4 inch to 1 inch ....................................................................do...

linch to § inch ....................................................................do...

Under 1 inch....................................................................... do...

Duration or test......................................................................hours.

Heating value of coal............................................B. t. u. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper......................................................... inch water;

Above fire..........................................................................do...

Furnace tempcr-ature....................................................................°F.

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour ............................pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour.. .pounds. 

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired ...........................pounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired..........................................................do...

Per pound of dry coal.............................................................. do...

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate ................................................per cent.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour .............................I...................pounds.

Per electrical horsepower hour..................................................... do...

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour ....................................................do...

Per electrical horsepower hour.................................................... .do...

23.1

18.3

19.2

39.4

10.02

12,222

0.60

.38

26.26

23.97

3.40

95.2

5.32

6.22

7.10

8.18

56.10

4.55

5.62

3.98

4.92

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Wyoming No. 4 (run of mine).

Test 1%S. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 195.5. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 151.6. Total coal fired, 20,200 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds') .

Per electrical horsepower: 

Commercially available. ..............................................

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.20

2.07

1.87

1.76

2.38

2.24

2.02

1.91

Dry coal.

1.05

1.83

1.66

1.56

2.11

1.99

1.80

1.69

Combustible.

1.79

1.68

1.52

1.43

1.94

1.83

1.65

1.55
286 . REPORT IT. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Analysis of gas by volume. «

Carbon dioxide (C02)............................................................. 12.2

Carbon monoxide (CC)........................................................... 16.4

Hydrogen (H2)................................................................... 15.1

Methane (CH*) ................................................................... 2.7

Nitrogen (N2V.................................................................... 53.2

Ethylene (02H4)................................................................. .4

WYOMING NO. 5.

Bituminous coal from Rock Springs, Sweetwater County, on the 

Union Pacific Railroad, was designated Wyoming No. 5. The coal, 

as worked at a depth of 493 feet at this place, averages 7 feet 6 inches 

in thickness.

The sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal, shipped under .the 

inspection of John W. Groves, was used in producer-gas test 114 and 

coking test 132.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3164 

was taken 5,200 feet north of the slope, where the coal measured 

7 feet 6 inches in thickness. Sample 3165 was taken 7,000 feet 

north of the slope, where the coal measured 7 feet 2 inches in thickness.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Wyoming No. 5.

Proximate:

Ash.......:..........................................................

Ultimate:

Carbon. .............................................................

OYVPPOTI

Calorific value (as received) : 

Determined......... .............................. ........j£ll?r'f-- IK. t. U

Calculated from ultimate analysis. ...................... . fell<j! s- '

Mine samples.

3164 

4.00

12.41 

36.57 

48.50 

2.52 

.80

6,622

3165 

4.40

13.10 

34.97 

48.59 

3.34 

1.04

1

Car 

sample.

3213 

6.00

11.64 

36.37 

48.58 

3.41 

.81

5.72 

66.08 

1.43 

22.55

6,538 

11, 768 

6,357 

11,443

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Wyoming No. 5 (run of mine).

Test 114. Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 194.5. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 168. Total coal fired, 15,600 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds) . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower: /

Coal as 

fired.

1.72

1.60

1.46

1.36

Dry coal.

1.52

1.42

1.29

1.21

Combustible.

1.46

1.36

1.24

1.16

a For analysis of fuel used see p. 284 (sample 3363).
TESTS WYOMING. 287

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 11.44

Volatile matter............................. 36.37

Fixed carbon............................... 48.49

Ash......................................... 3.70

Sulphur...................................... .91

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (C02)............... ....... 10.1

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 20.4

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 18.2

Methane (CH4 2.6

Nitrogen (Nj).... I........................'. 48.3

Ethylene (CjH,)............................ .4

COKING TEST.

Wyoming No. 5 (run of mine).

Test 132. Size as used: Raw, finely crushed. Duration of test, 39 hours. Coal 

charged, 8,000 pounds. Coke produced, none. Analysis of coal: Moisture, 11.09; 

volatile matter, 34.53; fixed carbon, 50.5; ash, 3.88; sulphur, 0.84.

WYOMING ]STO. 6.

Subbituminous coal 3 miles west of Kemmerer, Uinta County, 2 

miles from the Union Pacific Railroad, was designated Wyoming 

No. 6.

This sample, consisting of run-of-mine coal, loaded under the supervision of John W. Groves, Was used in steaming tests 400 and (on 

briquets) 419, producer-gas test 124,- and briquetting test 134.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. Sample 3202 

was taken 150 feet north of the opening. Sample 3203 was taken 

180 feet north of the drift opening. These two samples combined 

represent a thickness of 23 feet. The total thickness of the bed 

worked in this mine is 83 feet; consequently these two samples represent only a part of the entire bed.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Wyoming No. 6.

Proximate:

Ash.............................................

Ultimate:

Calorific 'value (as received): 

Determined. ......................I.. j°al?ri,f-- |i>. t. u. . .

Calculated from ultimate analysis. ..|gftl°n°s--

Mine samples.

3202 

10.20

20.57 

36.31 

40.49 

2.63 

.51

5,687 

10,237

3203 

10.60

20.88 

35.91 

TO. 65 

2.56 

.54

Car 

sample.

3390 

11.30

19.00 

36.64 

41.24 

3.12 

.49

6.41 

59.38 

.98 

29. 62

5,726

10,307 

5,743 

10,337

Steaming tests. «

400.

18.44 

36.35 

40.68 

4.53 

.57

5.21 

71.93 

1.19 

15.42 

5.55 

.70

419.

15.57 

38. 74 

42. 87 

2.82 

.59

4.99 

74.59 

1.03 

15.35 

3.34 

.70

Proximate analysis of fuel as' fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample.
288 KEPOET U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

STEAMING TESTS.

Wyoming No. 6 (run of mine.)

Size as used:

Force of draft:

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired 

Water evaporated from and at 212s F. :

Fuel as fired :

Dry fuel:

......................do....

......................do....

......................do....

3. t. u. per pound dry fuel. .

......:.... ........ ...do....

water-heating surface per

......................do....

......................do....

......................do....

.....................do....

............:..... ....do....

Test 400.

13.3 

25.5 

25.4 

35.8 

10.02 

12, 488

0.62 

.33

2,465

24.41

3.32 

93.1 

4.76

5.56- 

6.82 

7.92 

52.74

5.08 

6.28

4.15 

5.12

Test 419.

>Seep.289

9.45 

13, 021

0.56 

.24

14.06

1.99 

55.7 

5.13

5.97 

7.07 

8.44 

52.43

4.74 

5.85

4.00 

4.94

Remarks. Test 419 on briquets, which in burning gave a shower of sparks instead of a 

flame. For the first five hours too thick a fire was carried. ' With a 5-inch fire during 

the second five hours the briquets burned far better. No smoke. Briquets held together for about seven minutes, burning very slowly, and then crumbled. No clinker; 

ash fell through grate freely.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Wyoming No. 6 (run of mine).

Test 124- Duration of test, 50 hours. Average electrical hch-sepower, 200. Aver- 

'age B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 171.8. Total coal fired, 21,900 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds'). 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant (pounds') . 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.32

2 1Q

1 97

1.86

2.52

2.38

2.14

2.02

Dry 

coal.

1.90

1 79

1.61

1.52

2.06

1.94

1.75

1.65

Combustible.

1.83

1.73

1.56

1.47

1.99

1.88

1.69

1.59

 Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture................................... 18.26

Volatile matter............................. 37.18

Fixed carbon............................... 41.82

Ash......................................... 2. 74

Sulphur..................................... .47

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COa)........................ 12.1

Carbon monoxide (CO)....................... 18.7

Hydrogen (Ha)............................... 19.3

Methane (CH().............................. 3.0

Nitrogen (N 2)............................... 46.5

Ethylene (CaH*)............................. .4
TESTS MISCELLANEOUS. 289

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Wyoming No. 6 (run of mine).

Test 134. Size.as used: Over \ inch, 2.4 per cent; fa inch to \ inch, 9.2 per cent; 

-fa inch to fa inch, 22.2 per cent; fa inch to -fa inch, 26 per cent; through fa inch, 40.2 

percent. Kind of binder, water-gas pitch; laboratory No. 3486 (see p. 40). Weight 

of fuel briquetted, 24,000 pounds. B. t. u. per pound of fuel as received, 10,106; per 

pound of briquets as fired, 10,994; per pound of binder, 16,407.

English briquets made at 179° F., average weight 3.18 pounds, with 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 

per cent of binder, would not cohere; all the briquets could be crushed in the hand. 

In the weathering test-they were exposed 180 days; condition of those with 5 and 6 

per cent binder, D; of those with 7 and 8 per cent binder, E.

Drop test.

5

35.4

04.6

6

01.3

38.7

7

74

26

8

79

21

Renfrew briquets made at' 149° F., average weight 0.42 pound, with 7, 8, and 10 per 

cent binder, were not improved by increase in percentage of pitch; all briquets were 

bad and could be crushed in the hand. Weathering test, exposed 180 days, condition E. For analyses of briquets see page 287 (steaming test 419).

' +" Extraction analyses.

Extracted by'CSj:

,'j

............. ......... do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

3486

85.57

Fuel.

3390

U Ofl

94Q 1}

Briquets, 

test 134.

4 00

G. 12

5.82

0.13

MISCELLANEOUS TESTS.

MISCELLANEOUS COKE.

Fuel designated miscellaneous coke was used in producer-gas 

test 151. - . .

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Miscellaneous coke.

Test 151. Duration of test, 41 hours. Average electrical horsepower, 199.5. Average B. t. u. per cubic foot of gas, 120.6. Total coal fired, 8,400 pounds.

Coal consumed in producer per horsepower hour (pounds).

Per elefttrical horsepower: 

Commercially available .................................

Developed at switchboard .................:......-...................

Per brake horsepower: 

Commercially available ..................................... .

Coal as 

fired.

1.03

1.03

.87

.87

coal.

0.95

.95

sn

80

Combustible.

O QO

.83

.70

.70

19698 Bull. No. 332 08- -19
290 REPOKT II. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

Analyses.

Coal.

Moisture.................................... 7.86

Volatile matter............................. .69

Fixed carbon............................... 79.94

Ash......................................... 11.51

Sulphur..................................... 1.14

Gas by volume.

Carbon dioxide (COz)....................... 9.2

Carbon monoxide (CO)..................... 21.9

Hydrogen (H2)............................. 11.1

Methane (CH4 0.2

Nitrogen (N2).............................. 57.5

Ethylene (CzH^............................ .1

MIXED COKE.

Fuel taken from a pile containing a mixture of the products of the 

coking tests was designated mixed coke. This sample was used in 

steaming test 519, to determine the effect of the absence of volatile 

matter in fuel on the completeness of combustion.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES."

Mixed coke.

Proximate: Ultimate:

Moisture ............................... 6.55 Hydrogen............................... 0.57

Volatile matter......................... .81 Carbon................................. 81.34

Fixed carbon............................ 79.78 Nitrogen..,.............................. .89

Ash..................................... 12.86 Oxygen...........:.............,....... 2.40

Sulphur......................'........... .97 Ash..................................... 13.76

	Sulphur................................ 1.04'

STEAMING TEST.

Mixed coke.

Test 519.

Duration of test. ..................^....'....................'........................ .hours.. 8.92

Heating value of fuel....................:....................:. .B. t. u. per pound dry fuel.. 12, 366

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.........................................................inch water.. 0.89

Above fire....................................................'.................... .do.... .07

In ash pit..........................................................................do.... .25

Furnace temperature.......................................;............................°F.. 2, 560

Dry fuel used per square foot of grate surface per hour...:........................ .pounds.. 27.92

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water heating surface per hour..... .do.... 4.65 

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.......................................... 130.3

Water apparently evaporated per pound of fuel as fired............................pounds.. 6. 44

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of fuel as fired.....................;................................... .do.... 7. so

Per pound of dry fuel.............................................................. do.... 8. 35

 Per pound of combustible....................................................... 1. .do.... 10.00

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent.. 65.21

Fuel as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.. 3.63

Per electrical horsepower hour................................................... .do.... 4. 48

Dry fuel: . . " .. 

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do.... 3.39

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do.... 4.18

mLESTOIS, COULINSVIULE.

Nut coal from Collinsville, 111., was purchased, uninspected, by the 

Government for special steaming tests to determine the best method 

of firing Illinois coal, as follows: Test 500, alternate method of firing; 

test 501, spreading method; test 502, coking method; test 503, ribbon method (firing alternately in narrow strips across the full length 

of the grate); test 504, alternate method; and test 505, alternate

a Steaming test 519. Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from 

car sample.
TESTS---MISCELLANEOTJS. 291

method with forced draft. This fuel was also used in test 517 to 

determine the effect of reduced grate area on efficiency.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

Illinois, Collinsville.

Proximate:

Ash ........................

Ultimate:

O wfpn

Ash ........................

Steaming tests. «

500.

12.59 

35.94 

42.34 

9.13 

3.24

4.95 

70.33 

1.11 

9.46 

10.44 

. 3.71

501.

13.08 

 35.34 

42.02 

8.94 

3. 10

4.97 

70.51 

1.12 

9.47 

10.29 

3.04

.502.

14.00 

33.85 

42.43 

- 9.70 

3.?5

4.90 

09.48 

1.09 

9.34 

11.28 

3.91

503.

14.05 

33. 64 

. 41. 37 

10.94 

3.35

4/81 

68.30 

1.08 

9.18 

12.73 

3.90

504.

10.80 

36. 76 

42.81 

9.63 

3.31

4.93 

70.03 

1.11 

9.42 

10.80 

3.71

505.

13. CO 

35.17 

41.51 

9.72 

3.22

4.91 

69.65 

1.10 

9.36 

11.25 

3.73

517.

11.98 

35.11 

43.83 

9.08 

2.85

4.99 

70.81 

1.11 

9.53 

10.32 

. 3.24

a Proximate analysis of fuel as fired;, ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from car sample. 

STEAMING TESTS.

Illinois, Collinsville (nut).

Heating value of coal, B. t. u. per pound dry

Force of draft:

In ash pit (forced draft) ......... .do. ...

Dry coal usedper square foot of grate surface

Equivalent water evaporated per square 

foot of water-heating surface per hour,

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler deWater apparently evaporated per pound of

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

P.er pound of coal as fired ..... .pounds. . 

Per pound of dry coal. ............do....

E fficiency of boiler, i ncluding grate.per cent . . 

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. pounds. .'

Dry coal: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. . . .do. ; . .

Test 

500.

9.02

Alternate. 

12,586

0.93 . 22

2,555

25. 10

4.00

5.75

6.98 

7.99 

9.10

61.31

4.05 

5.00

3.54 

' 4.37

Test 

501.

6.42

ing. 

12,823

0.64

.16

2,531

22.17

3.31

6.49

7.47 

8.52

56. 26

4.36 

5.38

3.79 

4.67

Test 

502.

8.82 Coking. 

12,649

0.85

19

2,158

21.87

3.39

95.0

5.50

6.67 

7.76 

8.93

59. 24

4.24 

5.23

3.64

A cf\

 Test 

503.

7.27 Ribbon. 

12,434

0.91

.14

2,552

24.49

3.81

106.7

5.51

6.69 

7.78 

9 18

60.42

4.23 

5.22

3.63 

4 49

Test 

504.

6.37

Alternate. 

12,739

0.91

19

2,484

24.17

3.59

100.8

5.49

6.64 

7.45 

8.46

56.48 

4.26

c f)(\

3.80 

4.69

Test 

505.

7.37

Alternate. 

12, 670

0.99

.13

.25

2,755

30.36

4 69

131. 6 .

5.52

6.69 

7.74 

8 90

58.99

4.23 

5.22

3.65 

4.51

Test 

517.0

6.33.

12,861

0.50

97

28.77'

 > Q1

64 6

5.82

7.06 

8.02 

9 41

60.22

4.01 4 04

3.53

A *jft

« Grate area reduced to 20.3 square feet. 

WASHERY REFUSE.

Fuel taken from the dumping pile of the coal washery of the fueltesting plant was designated washery refuse. This sample was composed of the dumpings of many bituminous coals and had been 

exposed several months before it was taken up for test. Steaming 

test 479 was made on it to determine whether such refuse can be used 

for steaming purposes.
292 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.a

Washery refuse.

Proximate: Ultimate:

Moisture ............................... 10.83 . Hydrogen............................... 2.83

Volatile matter......................... 17.21 Carbon ................................. 39.81

Fixed carbon............................ 30.14 Nitrogen................................ .68

Ash.:................................... 41.82 Oxygen................................. 7.09

Sulphur................................. 2. 40 Ash..................................... 46.90

	Sulphur................................. 2.69

STEAMING TEST.

Washery refuse.

Test 479.

Size as used:

Over 1 inch.......... : ..............................................:......... .per cent.. 5.6

ijnch to 1 inch.....................................................................do.... 13.8

J inch to J inch..................................................................... do.... 16.6

Under i inch. .......................................................................do.... 64.0

Average diameter.................................................................. inch.. . 38

Duration of test......................................:.............................. .hours.. 7.18

Heating value of coal....................................... II. t. u. per pound of dry coal.. 7,241

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.......................^.................................inch water.. . 92

Above fire. ......................................... 1................................do.... .06

In ash pit (forced draft)...........................................................do.... .73

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds.. 3,645

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour.... .do.... 2.59

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed....................... i.:..... .......... 72.6

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired............................pounds.. 2.63

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired...........................................................do.... 3.17

Per pound of dry coal .............................................................do.... 3.56

Per pound of combustible..............'..............................'........'...... do.... S. 06

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ............................................... .per cent.. 47.48

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.. S. 92

Per electrical horsepower hour........:........................................... .do.... 11.01

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour..........................................'............ .do.... 7.94

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do.... 9.81

MISCELLANEOUS

A sample of coke breeze was furnished by a gas company for use 

in briquet-ting tests 152 and (mixed with Tennessee No. 4, p. 234) 150 

and 151. One sample (No. 3386) was taken for chemical anatysis.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Miscellaneous No. 5 (coke breeze).

Sample.

Briquetting test 

152.6

Laboratory No....:.....................

Air-drying loss..........................

Moisture.-...........................'.'...

Volatile matter.........................

Fixed carbon............................

Ash.....................................

Sulphur.................................

Calorific value determined (as received).

3386

8.80

10.72

4.08

73.25

11.95

1.02

6,131

11,036

3385

5.01

10.70

72.05

12. 24

1.05

a Steaming test 479. Proximate analysis of fuel as fired; ultimate analysis of dry fuel figured from 

car sample. . 

t> Proximate analysis of fuel as received; no ultimate analysis of briquets was made.
TESTS MISCELLANEOUS. 293

BRIQUETTING TEST.

Miscellaneous No. 5 (coke breeze).

Test 152. Size as used: Over J inch, 2.8 per cent; fa inch to i inch, 11 per cent; fa 

inch to xtf inch, 21.2 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 30.4 per cent; through fa inch, 

34.6 per cent. These briquets were very soft when warm, giving nearly 25 per cent 

breakage in falling from delivery belt of machine and in handling with coke forks. 

They could not be piled satisfactorily while warm. When cold, they had a rough, 

hard surface, with coating of brown from the dies, and broke without crumbling, 

giving a rough fracture surface.

Details of manufacture:

Machine used.........................

Temperature of briquets.........°F..

Binder 

Kind.............................

Laboratory No. (see p. 40).......

Amount................per cent..

' Weight of 

Fuel briquetted.........pounds..

Briquets, average..........do....

Heat value per poundFuel as received ..........B.t.u..

Fuel as fired...............do....

Binder.....................do....

Renf. 

149

w. g. k. 

3410

20,000

0.437

11,036 

12,119 

1C,478

Drop test (1-inch screen):

Held........................per cent..

Passed.........................do....

Tumbler test (1-inch screen):

Held...........................do....

Passed (fines)................ .do....

Fines through 10-mesh sieve...do.... 

Weathering test:

Time exposed................ .days..

Condition............................

Water absorption:

In 15 days..................per cent..

Average for first 5 days....... .do....

Specific gravity (apparent)..............

60.5

39.5

72.5

27.5

90.0

198 

A.

20.6

2.64

1.030

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CS2 :

.....................do....

.....................do....

.....................do....

Pitch.

3410

79.98

Fuel.

3386 

8.70

.65 

.59

Briquets, 

test 152.

3385 

3.10

6.96 

6.74 

7.75

MISCELLANEOUS NO. 9.

The sample designated Miscellaneous No. 9 consisted of coke 

breeze which was shipped from a plant in Madison, 111.

This sample was used in briquetting tests 247 a and 249; also 

mixed with Pennsylvania No. 18 in briquetting tests 238f, 239f, 240f, 

and 248. (See pp. 211-213.)

One car sample (No. 4763) was taken for chemical analysis.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Miscellaneous No. 9 (coke breeze).

Ash............................................................................

Calorific value determined (as received) ........................... . .{B110^'^" '

Sample.

4763

1.30

1.95

89

75.50

21.66

.66

6,039

' 10, 870

Briquetting t'ests 

247, 249. l>

4827

1.30

2.61

10.71

58.55

28.13

.98

5,514

9,925

«The briquets made in this test wore used in a special cupola test; see p. 45. 

b Proximate ana.Jysis of fuel as received; no ultimate analysis of briquets made.
294 REPORT U. S. FUEL-TESTING PLANT, 1906-7.

BBIQUETTING TESTS. 

Miscellaneous No. 9 (coke breeze).

Test 247. Size as used: Over \ inch, 2.2 per cent; fa inch to \ inch, 8 per cent; 

 fa inch to fa inch, 15 per cent; fa inch to fa inch, 25.6 per cent; through fa inch, 

49.2 per cent. Attempts to briquet coke breeze with unslacked lime as a binder 

were unsatisfactory. Briquets were made, by the addition of pitch to the lime, and 

showed when warm characteristics similar to those of the briquets made in test 249. 

The cold briquets, however, were much harder and continued to increase in hardness for several weeks. The hardened briquets had a smooth outer surface and a 

rough, hard fracture surface, with firm edges.

Test 249. Size as used: Over £ inch, 1.6 per cent; -fa inch to J inch,.7.6 per cent; 

fa inch to fa inch, 15.8 percent; fa inch to fa inch, 25.8 per cent; through fa inch, 

49.2 per cent. The characteristics of these briquets are similar to those noted in 

the report of test 248 (p. 212). These briquets had a coating of bronze from the dies, 

which showed perceptibly the erosive effect of the coke. Satisfactory briquets were 

made with 8 per cent binder, and ho increase in cohesion was observed by increasing this percentage.

Details of manufacture:

BinderKind..................

Laboratory No. (see

P

4/T)

Weight of 

Briquets, average,

Heat value per pound 

Fuel as received, 

B.t.u. .............

Fuel as fired.. B. t. u..

Test 247.a

176

(*>)

4879

6,000

0.642

10,870

9,925 

16,805

Test 249.

Renf.

158

w. g. p.

' 4J79

8

2,000

0.520

10,870 ""iejsos"

Drop test (1-inch screen) : Held .......... .per cent . .

Tumbler test (1-inch screen) :

Passed (fines) . . . . .do. . . .

Water absorption:

Average for first 

5 days......... do.... 

Specific, gravity (apparent) . .

Test 247.0

66.0

34.0

86! 5

13.5

65.0

10.0

1.50 ""i.W

Test 249.

67.0

33.0

79.5

20.5

81.0

18.8

2.60 

1.178

a The briquets made in this test were used in a special cupola test; see p. 45. 

& Water-gas pitch and unslacked lime, .8 per cent each.

Extraction analyses.

Extracted by CSs:

.........percent..

............do..,.

.............do....

.............do....

Pitch.

4879

94.50

Fuel.

4763

1.30

.15

.15

Briquets, 

test 247.

4827

1.30

7.32

7.22

7.50
TESTS MISCELLANEOUS. 295 

MISCELLANEOUS NO. 10.

Coal designated Miscellaneous No. 10 was used in washing test 177.

WASHING TEST.

Miscellaneous No. 10 (slack).

Test 177.~Jig used, Stewart. Raw coal, 56,560 pounds. Washed coal, 40,160 

pounds; 71 per cent. Refuse, 16,400 pounds; 29 per cent.

Analyses.

9

Volatile matter... . .................................................................

fixed carbon. ......................................................................

ASh... ..............................................................................

Raw 

coal.

6.67

31.61

51.19

10.53

1.55

Washed 

coal.

11.00

6.38

1.30

INDEX.

A.

Abbreviations, explanation of. 

Adams, A. K., work of........

Adler, Curt, work of...........

Alabama coals, data on.......

Page. 

....... 11

....... 12

.......' 25

....... 14

tests of................................. 47-01

Analyses, making of........................ 8

results of, index to..................... 14-19

Argentina coal, data on.................... 14

tests of................................. 61-63

Arkansas coal, data on..................... 14

tests of................................. 63-76

Armstrong, C. L., work of.................. 20

Augustine, C. E., work of ........*.......... 22

Austin, H. C., work of..................... 26

B.

Barclay, D. A., work of.................... 26

Barker, Perry, work of..................... 22

Barnaby, J. C., work of.................... 20

Belden, A. W., on coking tests............. 32-33

 work of................................. 34

Bird, F. W., work of.....'.......'........... 22

Birdsong, J. H., work of.................... 21

Bituminous coal, producer-gas tests of,

summary of.................... 28

Black, J. K., work of....................... 26

Boilers, absorption of heat by.............. 24

See also Steaming tests.

Boilers used, proportions of................ 22

Borries, W. J. von, work of................. 12

Breckenridge, L. P., on steaming tests..... 22-24

Bridgeman, A. B., work of................. 26

Briquets, binders used in.-.. '. ............... 39-41

description............................. 38-39

tests of................................. 41-45

Briquetting tests, account of............... 30-46

coals for, sampling and drying of....... 41

coals tested by......................... 46

equipment of........................... 30-38

objects of............................... 8,9

personnel of............................ 30

results of, index to............'.......'.. 14-19

Brown, D. I., work of...................... 21

Burrell, G. A., work of..................... 21

Burrows, J. S., work of.................:... 12

Burrows, J. S. See Parker and Burrows.

C.

/

Carroll, R. T., work of..................... 12

Chapman, W. J., work of................... 30

Chemical laboratory, analytical methods of. 20-21 

equipment of........................... 20

personnel-of............................ 21

' work of.............................. 20-21,47

Page. 

Coal, purchase of, for Government-use..... 11

waste of, in mining................... 9,10-11

Coke, cupola tests of..........:............ 34-35

tests of............................... 289-290

Coking tests, account of.................... 32-33

coals tested by......................... 32-33

.future work in.......................... 33

objects of.............................. 8,9,10

results of, index to..................... 14-19

Cooper, H. M., work of..................... 20

Cupola tests of coke, account of............ 34-35

cokes tested by......................... 35

equipment for.......................... 35

methods of............................. 34-35

results of, index to..................... 14-19

Cupola tests of briquets.................... 45

D.

Barton, N. H., cooperation of.............. 12

Delamater, G. R., on washing tests........ 29-31

work of................................. 7,29

Delano, L. A., work of..................... 26

Denver, Colo., fuel-testing plant at......... 6,33

E.

English briquetting machine, use of........ 36-39

Explosives, investigation of................ 11

Fernald, R. H., on producer-gas tests...... 25-28

Field work, description of.................. 12-19

Fletcher, C. J., work of..................... 22

Florida peat, data on ...................... 14

tests of.............................. 27,76-78

Fuels, tests of, by States................... 7

character of..........'.................. 7-9

Fuel-testing plant, authorization of work of 5-9 

future work of.......................... 9

removals of...............'.............. 6

personnel of............................ 7

G. 

Gait, Ralph, work of....................... 22,36

Gases, analysis of.......................... 10

Gas-producer. See Producer gas.

Georgia coal, data on....................... 14

tests of................................. 78-79

Gilmore, C. A., work of................. .. 25

Goodwin, J. G., work of.................... 26

Gould, J. H., work of....................... . 29

Green, C. H., work of....................... 22

Grine, H. A., work of....................... 26

Groves, J. W., work of..................... 12

297
298 INDEX.

H.

Page. 

Harris, W. J., jr., work of.................. 26

Hempelmann, W. L., work of.............. 26

Herrling, G. C., work of..................... 26

Holmes, J. A., introduction by............. 5-11

.Hopkins, L. C., work of ..................... 26

Howell, Spencer, work of................... 26

Ho\vell, S, P., work of...................... 26

I.

Illinois coals, data on...................... 14-15

tests of....:................... 79-124,290-291

Indiana coals, data on..................... 15-16

tests of..............................^ 125-146

Indian Territory coals, data on............. 16

testsof............................... 146-152

Ireland, N. G., work of..................... .34

K.

Kansas coals, data on...................... 16

tests of............................... 153-158

Kentucky coals, data on................... 16-17

tests of....................... ....... 159-164

Kreisinger, Henry, work of................. ' 22

Kuss, R. H., work of....................... 22

L.

Laichinger, John, work of.................. 25

Laird, J. A., work of....................... 7,25

Lemmon, W. B., work of................... 25,26

Lignite, producer-gas tests of, summary of. 28 

Lord, N. W., on work of chemical laboratory. ........................... 20-21

Loye, B. W., work of..........'... .. \...... 26

M.

McCalip, J. A., work of..................... 21

Malcolmson, C. T., on briquetting tests..... 36-46

Maryland coals, data on.................... 17

tests of..........................:.... 165-166

Massachusetts peat, test of................. 26

Mine inspection, work of................... 11

Mining, waste of coal in.................... 9,10

Missouri coals, data on..................... 17

tests of............................... 167-174

Moldenke, Richard, on cupola tests of coke.. 34-35

work of.......................'.......... 34

Montana coals, data on.................'... 17

tests of............................... 174-177

. Moore, Edward, work of................... 29

N. 

* 

New Mexico coals, data on................. 17

tests of............................... 177-187

Nordensen, C. 0., work of.................. 25

Norfolk, Va., fuel-testing plant at......... 6,10

0. 

Ohio coals, data on......................... 17

' tests of............................... 187-193

P.

Pahmeyer, Fred, work of. 

Park, W. M., work of.... 

Parker, E. W., work of...

Page. 

Parker, E. W., and Burrows, J. S., on field

work............................ 12-19

Peat, tests of............................... 26-27

Pennsylvania coals, data on................ 17-18

tests of............................... 193-224

Peshak, R. E., work of..................... 25

Peters, J. W., work of...................... 21

Pitch for binders, quality of................ 39-40

Pittsburg, chemical work at.'............... ' 10

Pope, G. S. work of........................ 22

Post, R. H., work of....................... 22

Private parties, mention of, prohibition of. 5 

Producer-gas tests, account of............. 25-28

coals tested by......................... 27

 conditions of........................... 26-27

equipment for.......................... 25

objects of..'............................. 8,10

personnel of............................ 25-26

results of............................... 27-28

index to............................ 14-19

summary of......................... 28

QQuam, J. P., work of.....................'.. 7,25

R.

Railroads, use of briquets by............... 9

Ray, W. T., work of..................:..... 22

Renfrew briqjueting machine, use of........ 36-39

Roy, F. V., work of........................ 25

Ryder, G. E., work of...................... 22,36

S.

St. Louis, fuel-testing plant at............. 6

Samples, designation of.................... 12

listof................:.................. 13-19

Smith, C. P., work of.........'.............. 25

Smith, D. F., work of....................... 26

Smoke, prevention of....................... 10

Somermeier, E. E., work of ................. 21

Spitler, G.O., work of...................... 21

Stanton, F. M., work of.................... 21

Steaming tests, account of.................. 22-24

coals tested by......................... 23

equipment for.......................... 22

objects of......:........................ 8

personnel of............................. 22

results of............................... 24

index to............................. 14-19

Steamships, use of briquets by............. 9

Stone, Lauson, work of..................... 26

Stowe, L. R., work of I..................... 22

' Strasser, Robert,' work of.................. 36

Strong, R. M., work of..................... 26

Suter, John, work of....................... 25

T. 

Technologic branch, organization and work

of.......... <s.................... 7

Tennessee coals, data on................... -18

testsof............................... 224-258

Texas coals, data on....................... 18-19

tests of............................... 258-261

Teza, Julian, work of....................... 26

Toensfeldt, Kurt, work of.................. 25

Tough, F. B., work of...................... 12
INDEX. 299

U. Page. 

Utah coals, data on........................ 19

tests of............................... 262-266

V. 

Vickers, W. E., work of.................... 32

Virginia coals, data on..................... 19

tests of............................... 267-272

Vocke, C. W., work of...................... 36

W.

Washery refuse, -tests of.....;.........-... 291-295

Washing tests, account of.................. 29-31

coals tested by.......................... 31

equipment of........................... 29-30

explanation of.......................... 30-31

objects of............................... 8,9

results of, index to..................... 14-19

Page. 

Washington coals, data on................. 19

tests of....................'......:.... 272-277

Waters, E. C., work of..................... 21

Way, K. M., work of....................'... 12,21

Weeks, H. W., work of..................... 22

Weidmann, W. C., work of................. 26

Weidner, P. G., work of.................... 26

Welks,L. S., workof....................... 22

West Virginia coals, data on............... 19

tests of............................... 277-284

Wick, J. D., work of........................ 7,29

Willis, R. C., work of....................... 21

Woodman, C. E., work of.................. 22

Wright, C. L., work of..................... 36

Wyoming coals, data on.................... 19

tests of............................... 284-289