DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES -GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DiRECTOK

BULLETIN 396

PALEONTOLOGY

OF THE

COALINGA DISTRICT

FRESNO AND KINGS COUNTIES 

CALIFORNIA

BY

RALPH ARNOLD

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING 

1909

CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction.............................................................. 5

General statement................................'................... 5

Acknowledgments. ...............................;..........:........ 5

Previous paleontologic work in the district............................... 6

Location and topography............................................... 7

Geologic formations....................................................... 8

General statement..................................................... 8

Franciscan formation (Jurassic ?)....................................... 10

General description....'........................................... 10

Age............................................................... 10

Knoxville-Chico rocks (Cretaceous)................................:..... 10

General description............................................... 10

Knoxville fossils.................................................. 11

Chico fossils...................................................... 11

Tejon formation (Eocene).............................................. 12

General description............................................... 12

Fossils............................................................ 13

Faunal relations and age ............................:.............. 15

Vaqueros formation (lower Miocene).................................... 16

' Distribution and character........................................ T . 16

Fossils............................................................ 17

Faunalrelations and age......................................:.... 19

Santa Margarita (?) formation (upper middle Miocene).................. 20

General description............................................... 20

Fossils............................................................ 21

Faunal relations and age........................................... 21

Jacalitos formation (early upper Miocene)................................ 22

General description................................................. 22

Fossils............................................................' 24

Faunal zones..................................................... 27

Faunal relations and age........................................... 27

Etchegoin formation (uppermost Miocene).............................. 28

General description............................................... 28

Fossils........................................................... 29

Faunal zones...................................................... 42

Conditions of deposition........................................... 42

Correlation....................................................... 44

Age................ T .............................................. 45

Tulare formation (Pliocene-lower Pleistocene)............................ 46

General description............................................... 46

Fossils............................................................ 47

Faunal relations and age ........................................... 48

3
4 CONTENTS.

Page.

Descriptions of species..................................................... 49

Tejon (Eocene) species...........................................'..... 49

Pelecypoda........................................................ .49

Gasteropoda....................................................... 51

Vaqueros (lower Miocene) species...................................... 54

Pelecypoda..................................:..................... 54

Gasteropoda ...................................................... 59

Jacalitos (early upper Miocene) species.................................. . 63

Echinodermata................................................... 63

Pelecypoda........................................................ 64

Gasteropoda........................................................ 69

Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) species................................. 71

Pelecypoda........................................................ 71

Gasteropoda........................................................ 83

Tulare (fresh-water Pliocene) species.................................... 91

Pelecypoda........................................................ 91

Gasteropoda...................................................:... 95

Pisces............................................................ 100

Index...................................................................'. 169

ILLUSTRATIONS.

	Page. 

PLATE' I. Chicp fossils.............................................. 104

II-III. Tejon Pelecypoda........................................ 106,110

IV. Tejon Gasteropoda and Echinodermata.................... 114

V-IX. Vaqueros fossils.......................................... 116-124

X. Santa Margarita fossils.................................... 126

XI-XII. Santa Margarita and Jacalitos fossils....................... 128,130

XIII. Jacalitos Echinodermata.................................. 132

XIV-XV. Jacalitos fossils.......................................... 134,136

XVI. Jacalitos Pelecypoda .................................... 138

XVII-XX. Etchegoin fossils.......................................... 140-146

XXI. Jacalitos and Etchegoin fossils............................ 148

XXII-XXVII. Etchegoin fossils.......................................... 150-160

XXVIII. Etchegoin Echinodermata ............................... 162

XXIX. Etchegoin fossils........................................... 164

XXX. Tulare fossils............................................ 168
PALEONTOLOGY OF THE COALINGA DISTRICT, FRESNO 

AND KINGS COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA.

By RALPH ARNOLD.

INTRODUCTION.

General statement. The material on which this paper is based was 

collected during two separate investigations in the Coalinga district 

and adjacent regions. The first was made in the summer of 1905, 

under the direction of William H. Dall, of the United States Geological Survey, in connection with a paleontologic reconnaissance of the 

southern Coast Ranges. During this trip, on which the writer was 

assisted by H. R. Johnson and Frank Stokes, jr., nearly a month was 

spent in the region from Coalinga southward to the vicinity of Dudley. 

The second examination of the district was carried on during the 

whole of the summer of 1907, at which time a detailed geologic map 

of the district was made. This map was primarily prepared to accompany a report on the oil resources of the district, but incidentally 

. the detailed mapping threw much light on various stratigraphic and 

paleontologic problems, several of which are discussed in this paper.

Acknowledgments. Mr. Robert Anderson collaborated in the work 

carried on in 1907 and in the preparation of the geologic reports 

relative to the district, and Mr. Earl Stonebarger assisted in some of 

the paleontologic field work in 1907. The writer wishes also to return 

thanks to Mrs. Hugo Kreyenhagen, Mr. James H. Pierce, Prof. 

Orlando D. Barton, Judge W. H. Kerr, Mr. K. W. Jones, and many 

others in the district for kindly assistance and interest in the paleontologic work. He is especially indebted to Mr. Homer Hamlin and 

Mr. Frank M. Anderson for notes relating to many fossiliferous localities, not only in this district but elsewhere in the southern Coast 

Ranges, which have expedited the collection of much of the material 

on which this and other papers have been based; and to Mr. S. G. . Mason, of the United States Geological Survey, for assistance in the 

pr'eparation of the tables of fossils and fossiliferous localities contained in this bulletin.

5
6 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

The. discussion relating to the topography and geology of the district is largely copied from Bulletin No. 357, United States Geological 

Survey.0

Previous paleontologic work in the district. Practically no paleontologic or geologic data concerning the Coalinga district were available 

until 1894, when W. L. Watts published geologic descriptions accompanied by lists of fossils collected by himself at various localities 

throughout the district- and identified by the late J. G. Cooper. 6 In 

1900 Mr. Watts gave supplemental notes on the geology of the district/

The most important contribution to the paleontology of the district 

is by Frank M. Anderson,d who in 1905 mapped and described the 

formations of the local Coalinga field and described arid figured many 

new and several old species of fossils. The original descriptions and 

figures of all the Tertiary species accredited to Mr. Anderson occur in 

this paper. His report was supplemented by a later one,6 in which 

he revises some of his opinions concerning the age of certain of the 

formations and gives additional notes on others.

On November 23, 1908, a report f issued by the writer in collaboration with Robert Anderson gave a geologic map and a brief description 

of the geology of the region, but contained only the briefest mention 

of the paleontology, although the classification of the formations 

described is based primarily on their contained fossils.

Mention is also made directly or indirectly of the paleontology and 

stratigraphy of the Coalinga district in the following publications, 

among others:

1865. Whitney, J. D., Geol. Survey California, Geology, vol. 1, xxxii+498 pp., 1 pi.

1869. Gabb, W. M., Geol. Survey California, Pal. California, vol. 2, Cretaceous and 

Tertiary fossils, xiv+299 pp., 36 pis.

1888. Cooper, J. G., Catalogue of California fossils, pt. 1: Seventh Ann. Kept. California State Mineralogist for 1887.

1894. Cooper, J. G., Catalogue of California fossils, parts 2, 3, 4, and 5: Bull. California State Min. Bureau, No. 4. Describes Cancellaria irelaniana and 

Potamides carbonicola.

1894. Cooper, J. G., On some Pliocene fresh-water fossils of California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, pp. 166-172, pi. 14. Describes fresh-water 

deposits of Kettleman Hills, and the new species Margaritana subangulata.

1903. Eldridge, Geo. H., The petroleum fields of California: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 213, pp. 306-321. Gives an outline of the stratigraphy.

a Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, Preliminary report on the Coalinga district, 1908.

6 The gas and oil yielding formations of the central valley of California: Bull. California State Min. Bureau 

No. 3,1894, pp. 53-67.

c Oil and gas yielding formations of California: Bull. California State Min. Bureau No. 19,1900, pp. 131-142.

d A stratigraphic study in the Mount Diablo Range of California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser. 

Geology, vol. 2, No. 2,1905, pp. 156-243, pis. 13-35.

« A further stratigraphic study on the Mount Diablo Range of California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., 

4th ser., vol. 3,1908, pp. 1-40.

/ Preliminary report on the geology and oil resources of the Coalinga district, Fresno and Kings counties, California: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 357,1908,142 pp., 3 pis.
INTRODUCTION". 7

1906. Arnold, Ralph, The Tertiary and Quaternary pectens of California: Prof. Paper 

U. S. Geol. Survey No. 47, 264 pp., 53 pis., 2 figs. Describes Pecten 

coalingaensis, P. nutteri, and P. .wattsi.

1908. Weaver, Chas. E., New echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull. Dept. 

. Geology Univ. California, vol. 5, No. 17, pp. 271-274, pis. 21-22. Describes 

Scutella perrini.

1908. Rathbun, Mary J., Descriptions of fossil crabs from California: Proc. U. S. 

Nat. Mus., vol. 35, pp. 341-349, pis. 45-49. Describes Cancer fissus and 

Branchiolambrus altus, new species, and Loxorhynchus grandis Stimpson from 

Coalinga district.

1909. Weaver, Chas. E., Stratigraphy and paleontology of the San Pablo formation in 

middle California: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 5, No. 16, pp. 

243-269.

Notes on the stratigraphy of the general region also occur in some 

of the other publications of the California State Mining Bureau, 

especially in those relating to the San Joaquin coal mine.

Location and topography. The region mapped and referred to in 

the reports of the United States Geological Survey a as the Coalinga 

district is situated in the southern part of Fresno County and the 

western part of Kings County, Cal., and is bounded on the south by 

the Kern County line. It forms a long strip of territory extending 

from 119° 50' west longitude and 35° 47' north latitude at its southeast corner to 120° 37' west longitude and 36° 20' north latitude at 

its northwest corner, along the foot of the Diablo Range. This is the 

easternmost member of the Coast Ranges on the border of the San 

Joaquin Valley of California. The district as mapped is roughly 50 

miles long and 15 miles wide and includes about 700 square miles.

The Coalinga district owes its broader topographic features to its 

position along the border between the Coast Ranges and the San 

Joaquin Valley. It is largely a region of foothills that rise on the west 

into the mountains and merge on the east with the wide level plain. 

The foothills form several groups around the base of spurs descending 

southeastward from the Diablo Range, the groups being separated 

from each other by reentrant valleys that open out to the San Joaquin 

Valley.

The Diablo Range in this latitude is a rugged mountain group made 

up of various component members, some of which, owing to a complication of structures, run at angles oblique to the main trend of the 

range northwest and southeast. The crest of the range has a genera^ 

altitude varying between 2; 500 and 5,000 feet, and declines in height 

from the region northwest of the Coalinga district toward the region 

southwest of it, where it has been assumed as coming to a stop and 

giving place on the southwest to the Temblor Range. The northwest 

corner of the district is marked by a peak nearly 5,000 feet high that

oBull. No. 357, p. 11.
8 TALECCKTTOLOGY OF COALrPTGA DISTBTCT,

.stands at the head of Joaquin Ridge; in the southwest corner, the 

much lower Avenal Ridge,, the southernmost spur of the range, 

appears. In the intermediate region the ridges are in general separated from the main divide of the range by a region of lower .relief 

determined by the presence of transverse structural valleys, of which 

Waltham Valley is the principal example. The general topographic 

development is youthful, but there is evidence in certain localities of 

different stages of development up to advanced youth. A feature of 

the relief of the whole region is the topographic reflection of the geologic structure, a feature that is especially pronounced in the foothills 

belt, with which this report particularly deals.

GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS.

GENERAL STATEMENT.

The eastern slope of the mountains bordering the San Joaquin 

Valley is formed by a great thickness of strata dipping toward the 

valley. The oldest rocks exposed appear in the axis of the mountain 

range at the base of the monocline, and successively younger formations appear eastward as the edge of the valley is approached. The 

different formations that may be recognized as units in this series, 

with the time divisions to which they correspond, are as follows, from 

the oldest to the youngest: Franciscan (Jurassic?), Knoxville (Lower 

Cretaceous), Chico (Upper Cretaceous), Tejon (Eocene), Vaqueros 

(lower Miocene), Santa Margarita(?) (upper middle Miocene), Jacalitos 

(early upper Miocene), Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene), Tulare 

(Pliocene and lower Pleistocene), and late Quaternary alluvium and 

terrace deposits. These formations, with the exception of certain 

igneous and metamorphic rocks associated with the Franciscan, are 

of sedimentary origin, and, with the exception of minor portions 

of the Miocene series and most of the Tulare and later beds, are of 

marine deposition. They indicate that the greater portion of the 

area included within the Coalinga district was beneath the sea during 

intervals occupying probably the major portion of the time from the 

Jurassic to the end of the Miocene. The latest movements of the 

land, which produced the features of topographic relief now to be 

seen, did not take place until Quaternary time.

In the following table is given a tentative correlation of these formations with those of other localities in California:
Tentative correlation of the formations of the Coalinga district with the standard California C

California.

Era.

0

»

§

«j

§

8

System.

£

"S 

a 

a?

Tertiary.

to

go

5 i

Co

S.H

D 'to

1-5

?

Series.

Recent.

Pleistocene.

Oligocene.

Standard Coast Range 

section.

Alluvium.

San Pedro.

Unc

Merced.

San Diego.

San Pablo.

Santa Margarita.

Monterey.

Vaqueros.

San Lorenzo.

Tejon.

Martinez.

Chico.

Horsetown.

Knoxville.

Franciscan.

Granitic rocks, etc.

Schist and limestone.

Coalinga district section.

Alluvium.

Stream deposits, valley 

fillings, and raised 

beaches.

Tulare.

Etchegoin.

Santa Margarita(?)

Lacking (-with possible 

exception of a small 

part).

Vaqueros.

Lacking.

Tejon.

Chico.

Knoxville.

Franciscan.

Santa Maria district 

section.

Alluvium.

Terrace deposits and 

dune sand.

Fernando.

Monterey.

Vaqueros.

Sespe and Tejon, undifferentiated.

(?)

Knoxville.

Santa Cl

tura C

A

Terrace 

and gr

Fernand

6 fShale

~S 1 Uppe

£ j Shale

2 (.Lowe

Vaquero

« [Uppe

SxRed b

Topatop

Graniti

etc.
10 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA. 

FRANCISCAN FORMATION (JURASSIC?).

General description. The Franciscan formation occupies the central 

portion of the Diablo Range and comprises the oldest, most altered, 

and most distorted rocks in the district. The original sedimentary 

rocks of the Franciscan are sandstone, shale, and jasper, with which 

are associated glaucophane, actinolite, and related schists, serpentine, 

and other metamorphosed rocks, and, in one area, soda-bearing hornblende syenite. The serpentine is by far the most important of the 

rocks in or associated directly with the Franciscan.-

Age. No fossils have been found in the Franciscan formation in 

the Coalinga district, and similar conclusive evidence as to its age is 

also lacking in other districts where it is known throughout the Coast 

Ranges. It antedates the Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous) and is 

usually considered Jurassic, but further than this little can be said 

regarding its age.

KNOXVILLE-CHICO ROCKS (CRETACEOUS).

General description. The next oldest rocks exposed in the Coalinga 

district comprise a thick succession of sandstone, shale, and conglomerate overlying with probable unconformity the Franciscan formation 

and covering a wide belt for the most part west of the foothill region. 

They form the high hills north and south of Los Gatos and Waltham 

creeks and may be easily recognized by the dark, thin-bedded, compact 

shale and sandstone of the lower portion and the massive drab concretionary sandstone of the upper portion. These rocks are of Cretaceous age and comprise part or all of the two formations well known 

elsewhere on the west coast as Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous) and 

Chico (Upper Cretaceous). Owing to the lack of fossil or stratigraphic evidence in the Coalinga district sufficient to form the basis 

for a separation between these two formations, they are described 

together for the present.

The rocks, however, may be separated lithologically into three 

divisions. A marked distinction between the lower and upper portions has already been noted, and the thin-bedded shale and sandstone making up the. lower portion is further divided into two parts 

by a conformably interbedded zone of coarser sediments and in places 

by several hundred feet of coarse massive conglomerate, as along 

Alcalde Canyon and on Juniper Ridge.

The beds above and below the conglomerate zone are the same in 

character, consisting of predominantly dark argillaceous shale in thin 

layers with partings of sandstone, but it is possible that the conglomerate zone represents an important stratigraphic separation. Chico 

(Upper Cretaceous) fossils have been found north of White Creek and 

near Alcalde in the shale at horizons higher than the conglomerate, and 

it is possible that the zone of coarsening in the sediments represents the 

base of the Chico. The beds below the conglomerate are at least 3,000 

feet thick, and probably belong to the Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous).
KNOXVILLE-CHICO ROCKS. 11

Knoxville fossils. No fossils of Knoxville age have been found in 

the Coalinga district proper, but in the Devils Den region, a short 

distance southeast of the Kern-Kings County .line, the following 

characteristic Knoxville fossils have been found in a dark greenish 

shale, believed to be the equivalent of a part of the lower portion of 

the Knoxville-Chico of the Coalinga district: Pelecypoda, Aucella 

crassicollis Keyserling; Cephalopoda, Belemnites impressus Gabb. In 

addition to these two species, F. M. Anderson a reports a species of 

Ammonites (Hoplites) from the Knoxville portion of the Cretaceous 

in the Coalinga district or adjacent regions.

CTiico fossils. The Chico, or upper portion of the Knoxville-Chico 

rocks, has yielded a number of fairly representative fossils, but in 

most instances in a. poor state of preservation. The following species, 

all believed to be characteristic of the Chico, have been found at one 

place or another within the district:-

List of Chico (Upper Cretaceous) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

PELECYPODA.

Meekia sella Gabb ......................................

GASTEROPODA.

CEPHALOPODA.

1.

y

V

2.

v

v

3.

X

X

X

v

4. 

X

5. 6. 7. 8.

v

9.

v

10.

V

X

X

11.

V

a Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 1, p. 161.

& Fragments of indeterminate ammonoids have been found by several persons in the hills northwest of 

Coalinga.

1: Ten miles N. 27° W. of Coalinga, at elevation of 2,600 feet, on summit of long ridge north of Los Gatos 

Creek; in center of SW. \ sec. 15, T. 19 S., K. 14 E. About 1,OCO feet stratigraphically above base of Chico 

concretionary sandstone series in a bed of conglomerate and pebbly micaceous sandstone.

2. Hills north of Los Gatos Creek; probably same locality as 1.

3. About one-fourth mile north of 1, on the same ridge. About 600 feet stratigraphically above base of 

Chico concretionary sandstone series in a conglomerate bed through massive sandstone.

4. On long ridge, 3| miles north of junction of White and Los Gatos creeks, on north side of summit of 

2,654-foot hill. Several hundred feet stratigraphically below base of Chico concretionary sandstone series 

in a coarse conglomerate through sandstone and shale.

5. Two miles north of White Creek, at elevation of 3,100 feet, one-fourth mile southeast of summit of 

3,425-foot hill; southeast corner sec. 10, T. 19 S., R. 13 E. About 2,OCO feet stratigraphically below base ol 

concretionary sandstone series in a bed of pebbly sandstone through the shale series.

6. Two miles north of White Creek, at elevation of about 2,800 feet, on long ridge', three-fourths mile 

south of 3,300-foot hill; east side of NE. J sec. 14, T. 19 S., R. 13 E. About 2,000 feet stratigraphically below 

base of Chico concretionary sandstone series in a pebbly sandstone through shale series. Probably the 

same horizon as 5.

7. Hills northwest of Coalinga; locality indefinite. Specimens owned by J. H. Webb.

8. Float in creek 6 miles northwest of Coalinga, north of Wtiite Creek.

9. In Alcade Hills, 3£ miles west-southwest of Coalinga in Anticline Canyon, central part of sec. 2, T. 21 

S., R. 14 E. At contact of Cretaceous and Miocene in a thin bed of pebbly sandstone through thinly bedded 

sandstone and shale.

10. Alcalde Canyon, one-half mile southwest of Alcalde. In shale.

11. Head of Canoas Creek outside of the area mapped. About 1 to 2 miles east of the southeast end of 

Castle Mountain. In sandstone and shale.
12 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

The following additional species are reported by F. M. Andersen ffi 

from the nodular limestone in the shales below the concretionary 

sandstones at different points throughout the Coalinga district:

PELECYPODA.

Glycymeris veatchii Gabb+Pectunculus

id. 

Inoceramus whitneyi Gabb.

Lytoceras sacya Forbes.

GASTEROPODA. J J

CEPHALOPODA.

Baculitessp.

Desmoceras sp., related to D. hoffananni 

Gabb.

Architectonica sp. 

Cinulia obliqua Gabb. 

Gyrodessp.

TEJON FORMATION (EOCENE).

General description. The Knoxville-Chico rocks are overlain 

unconformably by beds belonging to the Tejon (Eocene) formation. 

This is a marine sedimentary formation, which was named from the 

locality near Fort Tejon, in Kern County, where it occurs typically. 

It forms a belt along the western edge of the San Joaquin Valley 

and is exposed intermittently in the region between the type locality 

and the Coalinga district. No sharp line of demarcation is to be 

drawn between the Tejon and the underlying Chico in the northern 

part of the district, and in places there appears to be a gradation 

from the beds of the former into those of the latter, as if they had 

been formed during a continuous period of sedimentation.

The Tejon formation in the Coalinga district is made up entirely 

of sedimentary strata that dip toward the San Joaquin Valley in 

the monocline along the eastern flank of the mountains, and are 

exposed on the surface in a narrow discontinuous belt between the

beds of Cretaceous which underlie them and those of the overlying 

Miocene. Broadly speaking, the Tejon formation here may be 

divided into a lower sandstone portion and an upper shale portion, 

but no sharp division can be made that will be applicable throughout 

the district under discussion. The most important and distinctive 

feature of the. formation is the predominantly fine-grained nature of 

the beds toward the top as compared with those below. Where 

most completely exposed the Tejon comprises a thickness of 1,400 

to 2,300 feet, the upper half of which is made up of thin beds of 

whitish and purplish, siliceous, argillaceous, and locally calcareous 

shale which is easily recognizable and which lends individuality to 

the formation. The lowermost few hundred feet are of variable 

sandy beds, locally fossiliferous. The upper shale is very similar 

especially so in some places, as north of Coalinga to the siliceous 

shale of the formation along Reef Ridge described later as the Santa

a Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, p. 161.
TEJON" FOKMATIOET. 13

Margarita(?), and the two must not be confused. Where the Tejon 

formation is thick the shale portion forms a greater proportion of 

the whole than does the sandstone, the middle beds being chiefly of 

fine grain. The middle beds differ from those at the top in being 

more argillaceous, of a darker color, less prominent, and more 

frequently interbedded with sandy beds.

There are three separate areas in which the Tejon is exposed; one 

in the oil field north of Pleasant Valley, another on the eastern border 

of the Alcalde Hills just west of Coalinga, and the third along Reef 

Ridge. Between the Alcalde Hills and Reef Ridge it is covered, as 

is the Cretaceous .below, by the overlapping Miocene beds.

Fossils. As indicated by the following list, the Tejon formation 

is well represented by fossils, which in several localities are in a fairly 

good or even an excellent state of preservation. Among the species 

collected by Robert Anderson and the writer within the Coalinga 

district are the following:

List of Tejon (Eocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

FORAMINIFERA.

ECHINODERMATA.

PELECYPODA.

GASTEROPODA.

Fu§v?s rempadu Gabb............,,,,,.,, ,,,,..,,,,,

CO

CO

X

X

 4

CO

X

X

X

>rf

CO

X

X

X

X

X

X

V

X

CO

CO

X

t^

CO

y

X

X

X

V

X

oi

CO

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

v

v

X

8

CO

y

X

X

1

X

y

X

X

y

X

I

 X

X 

X

X

X

1

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X 

v

v

§

X

 *'

§

X
14 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTKICT, CALIFORNIA.

List of Tejon (Eocene) fossils from the Coalinga district Continued.

GASTEROPODA continued. 

Galerus excentricus Gabb ..........................

Lunatia sp. a ......................................

Nerita triangulata Gabb ...........................

Pleurotoma domenginei n. sp ....................

Rimella canalifera Gabb. ..........................

Xenophora? sp. ...................................

CO

to

 fl

0

>0

CO

CO

CO

t~

CO

V

V

V

V

v

o

0

Y

Y

X

x

v

8CO

V

CD

y

ao

v

00

v

X

v

X

CO

o

Tjl

0

4613. About 11 miles north of Coalinga, 9n west side of sec. 4, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4614. East flank of AlcaldeHills, 3 to 4 miles northwest of Coalinga, along ridge within three-fourths mile 

of San Joaquin Valley coal mine, in northwest corner of sec. 26 and SE. j sec. 22, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. 

Prominent medium-grained sandstone bed about 200 feet above contact with concretionary sandstone beds 

mapped as Cretaceous.

4015. High point on Reef Ridge about 1 mile south of sharp turn in Zapato Creek and 1 mile east of Sulphur 

Spring Canyon, in sec. 25, T. 22 S., R. 15 E. Basal conglomerate of Tejon.

4616. Eight miles due north of Coalinga, one-half mile east of Oil Canyon road, and just north of Laval 

grade, near center of SE. £ sec. 20, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Siliceous shale in upper portion of Tejon.

4617. On southwest flank of Reef Ridge north of McLure Valley, 2i miles south-southeast of El Cerrito 

Oil well, in sec. 27, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.

4619. Fifteen miles north of Coalinga, southwest of Domengine's ranch.

4620. Coal mine 4£ miles northwest of Coalinga, about 1 mile north of San Joaquin mine, SW. J NE. J 

sec. 22, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. In very gypsiferous variable sand and clay overlying coal seams, 200 to 300 feet 

above base of formation.

4621. About 5£ miles northwest of Coalinga on point of hills (elevation 1,100 feet) south of mouth of Los 

Gatos Creek, in center of NE. £ sec. 15, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. In hard calcareous sandstone bed about 150 feet 

above contact with concretionary sandstone mapped as Cretaceous.

4622. Four miles west-northwest of Coalinga, on top of hill north of road and one-half mile south of San 

Joaquin Valley coal mine, west of center of SW. £ sec. 26, T. 22 S., R. 14 E. Prominent sandstone bed 

about 150 feet above concretionary sandstone mapped as Cretaceous.

4801. Three miles northwest of Coalinga, at San Joaquin Valley coal mine, in NW. £ sec. 26, T. 20 S., 

R. 14 E.

5013. Eight miles northwest of Coalinga, in white siliceous shale at top of Tejon formation east of center 

of sec. 25, T. 19 S., R. 14 E.

5014. About 13 miles north of Coalinga, on east side of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., in dark-colored shale 

just under Miocene oil sand.

To the above list of species should be added the following, among 

others collected by F. M. Anderson® in the same region:

FORAMINIFERA.

Cyclamminasp.

Lagena? sp.

Nodosaria sp.

Polymorphina sp.

Pulvulina sp.

Sagrina sp. . . Vaginulina sp.

ANTHOZOA.

Ellipsosmilia granulifera Gabb (4). 

Trochocyathus striatus Gabb -fTrochosmilia id. (4).

BRACHIOPODA.

Terebratella sp. (2).

PELECYPODA.

Gari texta? Gabb (4). 

Modiola ornata Gabb (3).

GASTEROPODA.

Cancellaria elongata Gabb (1). 

Architectqnica hornii Gabb (1). 

Fusus diaboli Gabb (l). 

Fusus martinez Gabb (1, 3). 

Morio tuberculatus Gabb (4). 

Neverita globosa Gabb (1, 3).

oProc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, No. 2,1905, pp. 164-166.
TEJOST FORMATION. 15

LOCALITIES.

1. Region southeast of Big Tar Canyon.

2. Conglomerate and coarse sandstone near base of Eocene at San Joaquin coal mine 

and northward to Los Gatos Creek.

3. Sandy beds associated with the carbonaceous strata above 2.

4. North of Los Gatos Creek.

Faunal relations and age. With the exception of the new Eocene 

species described in this paper, certain species described by J. G. 

Cooper and F. M. Anderson from this region, and a few forms that 

occur in the Martinez or lower Eocene, the fauna of the Eocene of the 

Coalinga district consists of species heretofore known only from 

Tejon localities.

The new forms discovered by F. M. Anderson and the writer have so 

far escaped observation in other localities, but some of them, at least, 

may eventually be found elsewhere. The species occurring in the 

Coalinga district and also found at the type locality of the Martinez 0 

are as follows:

Cardium cooperi Gabb. 

Cylichna costata Gabb. 

Dentalium cooperi Gabb. 

Lecla gabbi Conrad. 

Lunatia hornii Gabb.

Morio tuberculatus Gabb. 

Tellina hornii Gabb. 

Turritella pachecoensis Stanton. 

Venericardia planico'sta Lamarck (V. 

hornii Gabb).

According to Merriama Cardium cooperi is common in the Martinez 

and rarer in the Tejon; Cylichna. costata is rare in the Martinez and 

common in the Tejon; Dentalium cooperi is common in the Chico 

(Cretaceous), Martinez, and Tejon; -Leda gabbi is common in both the 

Martinez and Tejon; Lunatia Jiornii is rare in the Martinez and common in the Tejon; the occurrence of Morio tuberculatus is questionable in the Martinez; Tellina Jiornii is common in both the Martinez 

and Tejon; and Venericardia planicosta is common throughout the 

Martinez and Tejon and all through the Eocene for that matter. The 

Turritella pachecoensis from the Coalinga district is much smaller than 

the typical form from the Martinez. Pecten peckJiami Gabb extends 

to the Miocene or even higher.

Of a total fauna of 52 recognizable species, in the Tejon of the 

Coalinga district, 10 ,are species so far known only from the district, 

1 has heretofore been known only in the Martinez; 8 are found both 

in the Martinez and the Tejon (but all except 1 are species of which 

the individuals are as common or commoner in the latter than in 

the former); and 33 are known almost exclusively in the Tejon. It 

is obvious, therefore, that the bulk of the Eocene in the Coalinga 

district is of Tejon age, which probably represents a part of the 

middle Eocene. There is also evidence favoring the correlation of 

the fauna with the Jackson formation of Mississippi.

The faunas of all of the localities in. the Tejon in the Coalinga 

district, with the exception of those found associated with the carbonaceous beds west of Coalinga, indicate a marine origin for the

o Merriam, J. C., Jour. Geology, vol. 5, 1897, p. 773.
16 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

deposits. The fauna of the carbonaceous beds (locality 4801, etc.), 

indicate brackish water at this locality during a part of the Tejon. 

This agrees with evidence from other parts of the west coast where 

the middle Eocene is characterized by brackish and even fresh water 

deposits, usually containing more or less coal. The brackish water 

deposits in the Coalinga district are characterized by such species 

as Barbatid morsei Gabb, Placunanomia inornata Gabb, Ostrea aviculiformis Anderson, and Potamides carbonicola Cooper.

The molluscan fauna of the white diatomaceous and foraminiferal 

shale at the top of the Tejon in ,the Coalinga district consists of 

Pecten interradiatus Gabb, Pecten peckJiami Gabb, and Leda gabbi 

Conrad. Leda.gabbi is a common Tejon species, while Pecten peckJiami is so far known elsewhere only in the Oligocene, Miocene, and 

possibly Pliocene. Pecten interradiatus is known elsewhere only in 

shales occupying a similar stratigraphic position to the shales in 

which it occurs in the Coalinga district. The stratigraphic evidence 

is in favor of the diatomaceous shales being a part of the Tejon. 

The faunal evidence is about equally divided; therefore, it seems 

most logical that the rocks in question be assigned to the Tejon, at 

least until the-securing of further and more definite evidence.0

VAQUEROS FORMATION (LOWER MIOCENE).

Distribution and character. The unconformity at the top of the 

Tejon (Eocene) marks an important lapse of time before the beginning of the Miocene epoch. In the early Miocene there was deposited 

in the Coalinga district a sedimentary formation that is the correlative of the formation known as the Vaqueros sandstone in the region 

nearer the coast.

The Vaqueros sandstone in the area under discussion forms an 

elongated belt east of the belt of Tejon in the hills bordering the 

San Joaquin Valley. It consists of hard and soft sandstone, shale,

and conglomerate, varying from 550 feet in the Coalinga field to 

900 feet in the Kreyenhagen field, and may be easily distinguished 

from all other formations by the protruding tendency of the hard 

sandstone, known as the "reef beds," in its central portion. These 

beds outcrop prominently in the northern portion of the district, 

and in the southern portion, in the bold face of Reef Ridge, assume 

such prominence as to dominate the landscape. They are much 

more resistant to erosion than the soft associated beds, and, dipping 

toward the valley on the northeast at angles varying from 50° to 80° 

they form the scarp and double row of pinnacles with which 

Reef Ridge fronts the foothills.

An important distinguishing feature of the Vaqueros is that the 

beds at its base are the chief oil sands of the Coalinga district. In 

many places they are saturated and discolored with petroleum. 

They rest upon the eroded surface of the shale of the Tejon througha S^ also Andersen, F. M., Proc. California Acad. SciV| 4th sen, vol. 3,1908, g. 16,
VAQUEROS FORMATION. 17

out'most of their extent, but overlap in the Alcalde and Jacalitos 

hills upon the Knoxville-Chico (Cretaceous) rocks, thus hiding the 

Tejon (Eocene) from view. Where such overlapping occurs, the basal 

beds lose their petroliferous character at a distance from the Tejon. 

Fossils. Throughout the Coalinga district the Vaqueros sandstone 

is usually fossiliferous at one horizon or another, and yields a fauna 

of many species, sometimes in a fairly good state .of preservation. 

The following species have been found by Robert Anderson and the 

writer in or immediately adjacent to the Coalinga district:

List of Vaqueros (lower Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district,

Name.

PELECYPODA.

Cardlum vaquerosensis Arnold .....................

Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson. . .............

Macoma aft. secta Conrad. . ........................

Phacoides (Miltha) sanctascrucis n. sp. ............

Name.

PELECYPODA.

Cardiiim vaquerosensis Arnold .....................

Chione conradiana F. M. Anderson ................

Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson ...............

Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb. ........................

Metis aS. alta Conrad ..............................

Phacoides acutilineatus Conrad ....................

Phacoides (Miltha) sanctscrucis n. sp. .............

Venus pertenuis Gabb. ............................

Yoldia impressa Conrad. ...........................

IN

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X

y

X

y

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X

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X

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X

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88866 Bull. 396 09-
18 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

List of Vaqueros (lower Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district Continued.

Name.

KCHINODEKMATA.

GASTEROPODA.

Bathy toma piercei n. sp. ..................

Cancellaria vetusta Gabb. .................

Cancellaria andersoni n. sp ...............

Conus owenianus F. M. Anderson. ........

Ficus pyriformis Gabb ....................

Ocinebra topangensis Arnold ..............

Trochita fllosa Gabb ......................

Trophon (Forreria) bartoni n. sp ..........

Trophon (Forreria) gabbianum F. M. AnTrophon (Forreria) gabbianum F. M. Anderson var. cancelharioides n. var. .......

CIERIPEDIA.

Balanus sp. ...............................

CRUSTACEA.

 *J1

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X

§

X

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v

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X

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V

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4624. Turritclla bed, or lower one of "reef beds," in Garza Creek gorge through Reef Ridge, southwest 

corner of SE. J sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.

4625. Sulphur Spring Canyon, in "reef beds," in sec. 23, T. 22 S., R. 15 E^ 

4627. " Reef beds" just west of Big Tar Canyon, in incorth part of sec. 18, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.

4628. Oil sand series, in west fork of canyon west of well 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, in sec. 12, T. 21 

S.,R. 14 E.

4629. Anticline Canyon, about 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, in roughly bedded gypsiferous sand overlying fossiliferous Chico, in center of sec. 2, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. 

4631. Turritella bed on east flank of high hill northeast of Oil City, in SE. \ NE. \ sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4633. TV/. ,dla bed about 11 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, below Big Blue, on ridge in sec. 10, 

T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4634. Hill ^juth of well about 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, in sec. 12, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.

4635. Bed just below Big Blue 1J miles northeast of Oil City, near SE. J SE. J sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4637. Six miles northwest of Coalinga, about 500 feet south of contact of Tejon and Miocene, in center of 

NE.Jsec. 2, T. 20S.,R. 14 E.

4655. About 3J miles due west of Coalinga. From prominent sandstone bed about 100 feet stratigraphically above contact of concretionary sandstone (Chico) beds with Vaqueros.

4667. ''Reef beds," on Reef Ridge about 1J miles east of Jasper Canyon, one-half mile west of 2,710-foot 

hill, 5J miles south-southwest of Alcalde, in east central part of sec. 18, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., 125 feet above 

Cretaceous.

4764. Stone Canyon coal mine, Monterey County, Cal., 40 feet stratigraphically above the coal.

4770. Turritclla ocoyana bed in Canoas Canyon,-1J miles southwest of Hugo Kreyenhagen's NE. J SE. i 

sec. 32, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.

4771. Pecten andersoni bed in Canoas Canyon, 200 feet stratigraphically above 4770.

4772. Scutella merriami bed ("button beds") in Canoas Canyon, 600 feet stratigraphically above 4770.

4773. On Laval grade, 8£ miles north of Coalinga, in "oyster bed" of variable sand, just above oil sand 

at base of Vaqueros.

4774. On hill just east of Laval grade, 8J miles north of Coalinga, in "button bed" about 100 feet stratigraphically above 4773; NW. J sec. 21, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4775. Garza Creek gorge in Reef Ridge, in hard sandstone "button bed" 225 feet stratigraphically above 

4624, in southeast corner of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.

4777. Jasper Canyon through Reef Ridge, 1J miles southwest of fork of Jacalitos Creek, in hard sandstone 

and conglomerate "reef beds."

4803. On Laval grade, 8£ miles north of Coalinga, in "button bed" 200± feet above Eocene unconformity, 

in SW. }, sec. 21, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. (Practically same as 4774.)

4859. Wagonwheel Mountain, Devils Den District, Kern County, Cal., dark gypsum-bearing shale 50 

feet stratigraphically below "reef" or "button bed," NW. i sec. 36, T. 25 S., R. 18 E.

4860. Same locality as 4859, in hard sandstone "reef" or " button bed."

4861. Devils Den District, Kern County, Cal., in "reef beds," i mile south and southeast of Barton's 

cabin, which is in the NW. i sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E.

To this list should be added the following species, among others, 

collected by F. M. Anderson a from the Vaqueros in the Coalinga 

district: Gasteropoda, Agasoma gravida Gabb, Crepidula prserupta

Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, No. 2,1905, pp. 171-172.
VAQUEEOS FORMATION. 19

Conrad, Hemifusus wilkesana F. M. Anderson (may possibly be same 

as Ocinebra topangensis Arnold).

Faunal relations and age. Three distinct fossiliferous horizons 

are recognizable in the Vaqueros section north of Coalinga. The 

lower one is but a short distance above the base of the formation 

and is represented entirely by Ostrea titan Conrad (locality 4773). 

The middle horizon, that of the "reef beds," is about 200 feet above 

the base and is characterized by Pecten andersoni Arnold, Area 

osmonti Dall, and Scutdla merriami F. M. Anderson (localities 4774 and 

4803). The upper horizon, which lies at the top of the Vaqueros and 

just below the Big Blue sandy shale, is characterized by a unique 

fauna, in which occur such forms as Agasoma santacruzana Arnold, 

Cancellaria vetusta Gabb, and Turritella ocoyana Conrad. The 

fauna at locality 4631 is characteristic.of the last horizon.

In the Coalinga district the correlation of the sandstone formation 

of which the "reef beds" are a part, with the Vaqueros formation of 

the outer Coast Ranges, is based on the large number of species common to the two. At one point in particular on the northeastern 

flank of the Temblor Range, near Antelope Valley, in sec. 36, T. 26 S., 

R. 17 E., a few miles south of the south line of the district, the "reef 

beds" contain a typical Vaqueros fauna with such forms as Pecten 

magnolia Conrad, Turritella inezana Conrad, Pecten lowersi Arnold, 

and many other typical Vaqueros species. The region from which 

this fauna comes is believed by the writer to mark an old lower 

Miocene strait joining the water of the San Joaquin lower Miocene 

sea with the lower .Miocene sea which once covered much of t^g territory now occupied by the outer Coast Ranges. ^

F. M. Anderson 0 gave the name "Temblor beds" to the lower 

Miocene in the northeast side of the Coast Ranges, from the Temblor 

Ranch north to Coalinga, but has since 6 recognized the correlation 

of these beds with those of the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) of the 

outer Coast Ranges.

The Vaqueros fauna that is characterized particularly by Turritella 

ocoyana Conrad is best developed in the San Joaquin Valley 0 and 

in the region of the Santa Monica d and Santa Ana ranges of southern California. The Vaqueros fauna that is characterized by Turritella inezana Conrad is best developed in the Santa Cruz,e Santa 

Lucia 7 and Santa Ynez^ mountains.

The assignment of a lower Miocene age to the Vaqueros formation 

is based on the general similarity of certain members of its fauna to

a Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 170.

& Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 3, p. 39.

c Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 188, lists of Vaqueros fossils 

from Kern River. y

d Arnold, Ralph, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, pp. 525-526.

« Haehl, H. L., and Arnold, Ralph, Proc. Am. Philos. Sou., vol. 43, 1904, p. 20; Arnold, Ralph, Proc. 

U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 350.

/ Hamlin, Homer, Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 89,1904, p. 14.

g Arnold, Ralph, Smitnsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 50, pt. 4, p. 421.
20 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

species in the lower Miocene of the Atlantic States and on its relative position in the geologic column of the Pacific coast. This correlation, first made by Conrad, has, so far as the writer is aware, 

never been questioned.

SANTA MARGARITA (?) FORMATION (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE).

General description. A zone of beds full of very large fossil oysters 

and barnacles runs through the midst of the developed oil territory 

in the Eastside Coalinga oil field and is well known to those familiar 

with the region. Its fossils show that it belongs in the same portion 

of the geologic column as the Santa Margarita formation a in San 

Luis Obispo County, nearer the coast. This formation belongs in the 

upper part of the middle Miocene. No fossils have been found in the 

beds immediately below or above the Tamiosoma zone (as the fossil 

beds referred to may be termed from the typical occurrence in them 

of the large barnacle of that genus); but these beds, for a thickness 

of several hundred feet, are mapped in the same formation with the 

fossil beds, because they are closely associated with them and to all 

appearances form a part of the same succession.

The beds carrying Santa Margarita fossils are traceable only as far 

south as the San Joaquin coal mine. Beyond that the beds are either 

lacking or are unfossiliferous, so that it can not positively be stated 

that they are the same. In a region such as this, where the beds are so 

variable from place to place and the different formations are so similar, 

the fossils furnish the only evidence of contemporaneity that holds good. 

In the Kreyenhagen field, therefore, where the portion of the succession between the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) and Jacalitos (upper Miocene), corresponding to the portion occupied by beds carrying Santa 

Margarita fossils farther north, is made up of unfossiliferous, hard, 

largely White, siliceous shales, it can not be stated definitely whether or 

not these beds belong to the same formation. The break in the 

geologic column between the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) and Jacalitos 

(upper Miocene) is great, covering the whole of middle Miocene time, 

and is represented only in its later part by the Tamiosoma zone and 

associated beds. The Monterey formation (early middle Miocene) of 

the region nearer the coast is lacking. It is possible that the beds 

overlying the Vaqueros in the two parts of the Coalinga district 

represent different divisions of the later part of the middle Miocene 

period, that in the Kreyenhagen Hills being perhaps the younger.

The Santa Margarita (?) formation in the region 9 miles north of 

Coalinga is about 900 feet thick, consisting of 300 feet of soft fine 

sand and clay at the base called the Big Blue, above this 175 feet 

of fossiliferous sand of varying consistency called the Tamiosoma zone, 

and still farther up 400 or 500 feet of alternating beds of sand and

a Fairbanks, II. W., Geol. Atlas U. S., San Luis folio (No. 101), U. S. Geol. Survey, 1904.
SANTA MARGARITA FORMATION.

gravelly sand. In the region of Keef Ridge the Santa Margarita(?) 

(believed to be a somewhat higher portion than that just described) 

consists of 400 feet of fairly hard purplish shale at the base, 250 feet 

of hard siliceous thinly bedded shale in the middle, and 400 feet of 

brownish shale and intercalated sands at the top.

Fossils. The Santa Margarita (?) formation, from a point 8 or 9 

miles north of Coalinga northwestward for a distance of at least 6 or 

8 miles, is exceedingly fossiliferous, the principal species being the big 

oyster Ostrea titan Conrad, the big barnacle-like Tamiosoma gregaria 

Conrad, and the scallop shell Pecten estrellanus Conrad. The names 

Tamiosoma zone and "big oyster beds" have been locally applied 

to these fossiliferous strata. Among the species found in this bed by 

James H. Pierce, Robert Anderson, and the writer are the following, 

which comprise the fauna for this formation in the district.

List of Santa Margarita (upper middle Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

ECHINODERMATA.

PELECYPODA.

Solen sicarius Gould. .......................................

Zirphsea dentata Gabb .....................................

GASTEROPODA.

CIRKIPEDIA.

4632.

V

X

V

X

X

X

4651.

Y'

X

4766.

X

X

X

V

V

v

4805.

X

4841.

X

V

4842.

V

X

v

4848.

4632. At and northwest of San Joaquin Valley coal mine near Miocene-Eocene contact.

4651. Tamiosoma zone or "big oyster bed" in canyon between old Standard Oil Company and California 

Oil fields Limited camps, sec. 28; T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 8 miles north-northeast of Coalinga.

4766. Tamiosoma zone or "big oyster bed" above Big Blue, NE. £ sec. 21, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., west of 

Peerless Oil property, 9 miles north of Coalinga.

4805. Waltham Valley, 13 miles southwest of Coalinga; oyster bed 2 miles west of Elmer Frame's house; 

sandstone under shale.

4841. Sandstone next to serpentine, at head of Bray and Secords canyon. 3 miles south of Waltham 

Valley.

4842. Sandstone at mouth of Bray and Secords Canyon, south side of Waltham.Valley, 15 miles west of 

Coalinga. This sandstone underlies the shale in this vicinity.

4848. Nine miles north-northeast of Coalinga, just above Tamiosoma zone or "big oyster bed," one-fourth 

mile northwest of Peerless wells.

Faunal relations and age. The fauna of these 'beds, though small, 

is one of the most characteristic in the southern Coast Ranges. 

The association and abundance ,of certain unique species, such as 

Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad, TropJion (Forreria) carisaensis F. M. 

Anderson, and Pecten estrellanus Conrad, suggest correlation with 

the Santa Margarita formation of the Salinas Valley and Carrizo 

Plain. The correlation of the siliceous shale in Reef Ridge with the 

Santa Margarita is based upon the similar stratigraphic position of
22 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTKICT, CALIFOBNIA.

these shales to beds on the west side of Waltham Valley, near the 

mouth of Bray and Secords Canyon,. which overlie sandstones at 

locality 4842, containing the following Santa Margarita fauna:

Mytilus aff. mathewsonii Gabb.

Ostrea titan Conrad. 

Pecten crassicardo Conrad.

Pecten estrellanus Conrad.

Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad.

Trophon (Forreria) carisaensis F. M. Anderson.

For a number of years the Santa Margarita formation was believed 

to be the equivalent of the San Pablo formation of the Mount Diablo 

region, but the stratigraphic work in the Coalinga district has shown 

it to be older. It is quite evident that the Etchegoin formation represents at least a considerable part of the San Pablo, and as the 

Etchegoin lies well above the beds containing the Santa Margarita 

fossils it seems likely that the Santa Margarita formation is, in part, 

of greater age than the San Pablo.

With the Etchegoin and Jacalitos formations classified as upper 

Miocene it seems most logical to place the Santa Margarita in the upper 

part of the middle Miocene, thus confining the Monterey to the 

lower part of the middle Miocene. Such an arrangement would consign the far-reaching post-Monterey diastrophic period to the middle 

of the Miocene. This classification and correlation is of course more 

or less arbitrary and necessarily tentative, but it seems to best fit the 

information now in hand.

JACALITOS FORMATION (EARLY UPPER MIOCENE).

At most localities along the flanks of the Diablo and Temblor ranges 

south of the Coalinga district it is impossible to separate the post-Santa 

Margarita (?) Tertiary formations, and to these beds the equivalent 

of the Jacalitos, Etchegoin, and possibly Tulare formations of the 

Coalinga district the name McKittrick formation ° has been given 

in the McKittrick district. This name was chosen because of the 

importance of the beds in that district, the basal members yielding 

the petroleum found in the productive McKittrick field.

General description. The formation overlying the Santa Margarita(?) in the Kreyenhagen Hills, which consists of about 3,600 feet of 

sand, gravel, clay, and sandstone, in places very fossiliferous, was 

formed in earlier upper Miocene time. It has been named the 

Jacalitos formation, owing to its characteristic exposures both north 

and south of the creek of that name. Abundant and well-preserved 

fossils, by means of which its age is determined, occur in the type 

locality. It is probably the equivalent of parts of one or more of 

the upper Miocene formations known in other parts of the State, but 

its definite relations to these have not yet been worked out. It is in 

part represented in the northern portion -of the district by similar 

beds aggregating a much smaller thickness.

a Arnold, Ralph, and Johnson, H. R., Preliminary report on the McKittrick-Sunset oil region, California: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 406 (in press).
JACALITOS FOKMATION. , 23

In the field this formation does not stand out prominently as a 

lithologic or stratigraphic unit and is not readily distinguishable by 

itself. On the contrary, it forms merely a portion of the great thickness of apparently conformable Tertiary beds that are exposed in the 

great monocline, dipping at medium and high angles toward the 

valley. The formation may be roughly distinguished as that portion 

of the series between the shale of the Santa Margarita (?) below and 

the major beds of blue sand that characterize the lower part of the 

formation above it (the Etchegoin) throughout the district. The 

Jacalitos, however, includes a great thickness of blue sand beds at 

its summit in the southeastern part of the Kreyenh'agen Hills. A 

feature of this formation is the occurrence in it at intervals of hard 

zones that project like saw teeth and by their resistance protect the 

beds immediately above and below them, thus forming long parallel 

ridges. The same feature is in a greater measure characteristic of 

the Vaqueros sandstone and Santa Margarita (?) formation below and

less so of the Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) formation above. 

Another feature of the Jacalitos is the great number of sand and 

pebble beds, full of sea urchins, that are found in all parts of the 

formation. This feature is likewise one belonging to the formation 

above. The most important features, however, and the only ones 

that can be relied on to separate the Jacalitos from the other sandy 

formations, are its stratigraphic position and its fossils.

The Jacalitos in the Kreyenhagen Hills is probably unconformable 

with the Santa Margarita (?) below, although the two formations appear 

conformable at the contact, and the line between them is arbitrarily 

drawn where the beds that are predominantly shale (Santa Margarita?) 

give place to beds that are sandy (Jacalitos). In the northern part 

of the district the relation of these two formations appears also to 

be one of conformity, although the overlap of the Jacalitos on the 

Vaqueros near Oil Canyon indicates that it is the opposite. The 

line there also is drawn arbitrarily at the base of the prominent 

pebble zone full of fossil wood. The Jacalitos is likewise conformable to all appearances with the later Miocene (Etchegoin) 

beds which rest above it and are largely similar to it in composition, 

the line between these two formations being likewise drawn somewhat 

arbitrarily, chiefly on the basis of the fossil contents. There is a 

possibility that an unconformity between these two formations 

exists in the hills surrounding Pleasant Valley.

From its locality of typical occurrence in the Kreyenhagen and 

Jacalitos hills the Jacalitos formation extends southwestward into 

McLure Valley, where it occupies a similar position between the underlying Santa Margarita (?) and the overlying Etchegoin sands. Toward 

the northwest it reaches into the interior of the Diablo Range through 

the depression formed by the Waltham syncline and toward the 

north it extends across Alcalde Canyon into the region around Pleas-
PALEONTOLOGY OP COALlNGA DlStfRlC?,

ant Valley. North of Jacalitos Creek it no longer rests upon the shale 

of the Santa Margarita (?), that formation being lacking, and the 

Jacalitos ceases to be completely represented. The relations of the 

beds of this age in the northern and southern portions of the district 

are complex and can be deciphered only on the basis of detailed 

paleontologic evidence. The formation will be considered separately 

for the areas lying to the south and to the north of Waltham Creek.

Although the major part of the Jacalitos formation, is known by 

its fossils to be of marine origin, the evidence offered by the fossilized 

wood and extinct horse teeth and bones found abundantly in certain 

of the conglomeratic layers leads to the conclusion that at least some 

of the beds are probably of terrestrial or fluviatile origin.

During the past summer H. R. Johnson and the writer discovered 

a characteristic Jacalitos fauna in soft sandstones exposed in the 

low hills in sec. 34, T. 31 S., R. 21 E., 1 mile south of White's, at the 

northwest end of the Elkhorn Plain, eastern San Luis Obispo County. 

This region is about 75 miles southeast of the type locality, thus 

showing that the Jacalitos has at least fairly widespread distribution.

Fossils. Like the Etchegoin, which lies above it arid with which it 

is closely allied, the Jacalitos is fossiliferous in many localities in the 

Coalinga district and vicinity, especially in the Waltham Valley, 13 

miles southwest of Coalinga. In the upper part of the formation 

the fossils are usually in a very good state of preservation; in the 

lower part the original shell has usually been leached out and replaced 

by other material and some of the fossils are simply casts.

The following species have been found in the Jacalitos formation 

in the Coalinga district or in the Waltham Valley:

List of Jacalitos (upper Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

ECHINODERMATA.

Astrodapsis jacalitosensis n. sp.. 

Echinarachnius gibbsii R6mond,

PELECYPODA.

Area trilineata Conrad...................

Cardium meekianum Gabb...............

Cardium sp. a............................

Cardium sp..............................

Chione securis Shumard..................

Chione sp. indet..........................

Cryptornya ovalis? Conrad...............

Diplodonta harfordi? F. M. Anderson....

Diplodonta parilis Conrad................

Diplodonta sp. indet.....................

Dosinia jacalitosana n. sp.................'.

Glycymeris sp. indet....................

Macoma secta Conrad....................

Macoma jacalitosana n. sp................

Macoma vanylecki n. sp..................

Macoma sp. a!............................

Metis alta? Conrad.......................

Metis sp..................................

Monia macroschisma Deshayes...........

Mulinia densata Conrad ...................

Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. sp. 

Ostrea atwoodi Gabb.....................

Panopea generosa Gould................. X i.
25

List of Jacalitos (upper Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district Continued.

Name.

PELECYPODA continued.

Panopea estrellana Conrad..........

Papma staleyi? Gabb (4- Tapes id.). 

Paphia jacalitosensis n. sp...........

Paphia afl. tenerrima Carpenter.....

Pecten estrellanus Conrad...........

Pecten crassicardo Conrad...........

Pecten oweni Arnold................

Saxidoinus nuttalli Conrad..........

Sehizodesma abscissa Gabb..........

Schizothaerus pajaroanus Conrad....

Tellina aragonia Call................

Thracia jacalitosensis n. sp..........

Zirphffia dentata Gabb..............

GASTEROPODA.

Chrysodomus imperialis Dall..................

Chrysodomus portolaensis Arnold.............

Crepidula princeps Conrad....................

Lunatialewisii? Gould.......................

Margarita johnsoni n. sp.......................

Melongena sp. a...............................

Neverita recluziana Petit......................

Neveritasp....................................

Thais crispatus Chemnitz.....................

Thais kettlemanensis n. sp....................

Trophon (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb........

CIRRIPEDIA.

Balanus sp....................................

Tamiosoma gregaria? Conrad..................

(lish vertebrae.

Pliohippus sp. a.

CD 00 CR O 

CO CO CD CD

TI« 10 co S

-& 

CO

Name.

ECHINODERMATA.

Astrodapsis jacalitosensis n. sp.. 

Echinarachnius gibbsii Remond.

PELECYPODA.

Area trilineata Conrad....................

Cardium meekianum Gabb...............

Cardium sp. o.............................

Cardium sp...............................

Chione securis Shumard...................

Chione sp. indet..........................

Cryptomya ovalis? Conrad................

Diplodonta harfordi ? F. M. Anderson.....

Diplodonta parilis Conrad.................

Diplodonta sp. indet......................

Dosinia jacantosana n. sp ................

Glycymeris sp. indet......................

Macoma secta Conrad.....................

Macoma jacalitosana n. sp .......:........

Macoma vanvlecki n. sp..................

Macoma sp. a.............................

Metis alta ? Conrad........................

Metis sp...................................

Monia macroschisma Deshayes............

Mulinia densata Conrad...................

Mytilus (Mytilpconcha) coalingensis n. sp . Ostrea atwoodi Gabb.....................

Panopea generosa Gould..................

Panopea estrellana Conrad................

Paphia staleyi? Gabb (+ Tapes id.)......

Paphia jacalitosensis n^ sp ................

Paphia atf. tenerrima Carpenter...........

Pecten estrellanus Conrad.................

Pecten crassicardo Conrad................

Pecten oweni Arnold......................

Saxidoinus nuttalli Conrad...............
26 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

List of Jacalitos (upper Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district Continued.

Name.

PELECYPODA continued.

GASTEROPODA.

Chrysodomus imperialis Ball. . .....................

Margarita jolmsoni n. sp ...........................

Neverita sp ........................................

CIKKIPEDIA.

PISCES.

MAMMALIA.

Pliohippus sp. a... .................................

<N

3 i

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 4

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X

X

v

x

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X

X

V

v

v

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X

X

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4636. Hill 4 miles N. 85° W. of Coalinga, riot far from contact with concretionary sandstone beds mapped 

as Cretaceous (Chico); on west side of see. 35, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. Lower beds/ ft

4638. Three hundred feet east of nose of 1,300-foot ridge, three-fourths mile southeast of Alcalde; in center 

of sec. 24, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Olive-gray gypsiferous sand overlying white shale bed, about 700 or 800 feet 

stratigraphically below top of the Jacalitos formation as mapped. Upper beds.

4639. About 2 miles south of Alcalde on south side of 1,548-foot hill; in sand immediately above and below 

white shale bed; in sec. 25, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Same horizon as 4638, upper beds.

4640. Near Commercial Petroleum well, 3 miles southwest of Coalinga. Upper beds.

4642. About 20 miles south of Coalinga, in Kreyenhagen Hills. Gray sand 500 feet southwest of top of 

1,053-foot hill, four-fifths mile southwest of El Cerrito oil well; in NW. 1 SW. £sec. 15, T. 23 S., B. 17 E. 

Pecten estrellanus zone, or upper beds.

4644. Southeast base of 1,300-foot hill, on north side of Jacalitos Creek, just north of old adobe house twothirds mile above fork of Salt Creek, in center of south side of sec. 31, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. Upper beds.

4645. One mile west of Garza Creek on top of ridge north of Clark's place, in NW. J NE. i sec. 3, T. 23 S., 

R. 16 E.; "big Trophon zone," about 900 or 1,000 feet stratigraphically above shale of Santa Margarita (?) 

formation. Lower beds.

4646. About 3 miles west of Coalinga, just north of Commercial Petroleum well No. 1, in canyon. Upper 

beds.

4647. On top of ridge between Salt Creek and Jacalitos Creek, about 5 miles south-southeast of Alcalde, at

elevation Of 1,300 feet, on north line Of sec. G, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., hard sandstone layer through pebbly olivegray sand. "Pecten estrellanus zone" about 700 to 800 feet stratigraphically below summit of formation. 

One of the typical Jacalitos localities. Upper beds.

4649. West point of 1,308-foot ridge three-fourths mile southeast of Alcalde, S W. 4- NE. J sec. 24, T. 21 S. 

R. 14 E. Middle beds.

4650. Lowest fossil bed on west face of 1,900-foot hill southeast of Alcalde. Middle beds.

4652. On point of ridge three-fourths mile south-southwest of Alcalde, one-fourth mile south of south bend 

in road, SE. i sec. 23, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Middle beds.

4653. Nearly 4 miles southwest of Coalinga, one-third mile south of Commercial Petroleum well at point 

of hills on north side of Waltham Creek, just east of Anticline Canyon road, in very southwest corner of 

sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. Upper beds.

4654. On Jacalitos Creek, one-half mile above confluence with Jasper Canyon, on south side of sec. 1, 

T. 22 S., R. 14 E. Lower beds.

4745. On ridge south of Garza Creek, 1 mile southeast of Clark's place, NE. J SW. J sec. 2, T. 23 S., R. 16 

E.; "big Trophon zone" about 800 feet stratigraphically above shale of the Santa Margarita (?) formation. 

Lower beds.

4745a. "Big Echinarachnius gibbsii zone" about 800 feet stratigraphically above 4745, in NW. J SE. J 

sec. 2, T. 23 S., R. 16 E. Middle beds.

4746. Sixteen hundred feet stratigraphically above 4745 on ridge eastof Garza Creek, NE.J sec. 2, T.23 S., 

R. 16 E. Upper beds.

4747. Same locality as 4746,150 feet stratigraphically higher. "Pecten estrellanus bed," or upper beds.

4763. Southwestof Coalinga district,on little ridge200yards north of StoneCanyon-Waltham Creek road 

where it crosses a little stream before reaching Waltham Valley from the west. Uudifferentiated zone.

4765. "Big Trophon zone" on JaspcrCreek just aboveforkof confluence with Jacalitos Creek,on west side 

of center of SW. J sec. 6, T.22 S., R. 15 E. About 2,000 feet stratigraphically below summit of formation. 

One of the typical Jacalitos localities. Lower beds.

4767. On southeast side of Canoas Creek, three-eighths mile above Hugo Kreyenhagen's house, in NW. J 

SW. i sec. 27, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Pecten estrellanus zone, or upper beds. Abundance of beautifully preserved specimens.

4784. On Jacalitos Creek, about 7 miles south of Coalinga; shaly sandstone a few hundred feet stratigraphically above "big Trophon zone" of 4765.

5015. Basal Jacalitos gravel bed, SE. i sec. 15, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., northeast of Octave oil wells.
JACALITOS FOKMATION. 27

Faunal zones. Three fairly easily distinguishable fossiliferous zones 

occur in the Jacalitos. The lowest one of these, sometimes called 

the "big TropJi-on zone," is characterized by such forms as TropTion 

(Forreria} ponderosum Gabb, Macoma vanvleclci n. sp., Panopea 

estrellana Conrad, Dosinia jacalitosana n. sp., and Astrodapsis jacalitosensis n. sp. The fauna of this zone is typically developed at locality 

4765. The same zone is also represented at localities 4636, 4645, 

4654, 4745, 4763, 4765, and 5015.

The middle zone.has a less well characterized fauna but usually 

yields very large specimens of EcfiinaracJinius yibbsii Re'mond, and 

Panopea generosa Gould, and Schizoihserus pajaroanus Conrad. It 

is represented by localities 4646 (?), 4649, 4650, 4652, 4653' (?), and 

4745a.

The upper zone, or "Pecten estrellanus zone" as it is sometimes 

referred to, is characterized by large specimens of Pecten estrellanus 

Conrad, Pecten oweni Arnold, and large individuals of Ecliinarachnius 

gibbsii Remond. The species common to this zone are beautifully 

preserved at locality 4767. The zone is also represented at localities 

4638, 4639, 4640, 4642, 4644, 4646, 4647, 4653, 4746, 4747, and 4767.

Faunal relations and age. The fauna of the Jacalitos formation not 

only contains a considerable number of unique species, but the association in it of species known elsewhere in other formations is peculiar.

Species characteristic of or found more commonly in the Jacalitos, 

in addition to the new species described from it in the present paper, 

are Chione securis Shumard, Echinarachnius gibbsii Esmond, large 

variety, Melongena sp. a, Schizodesma abscissa Gabb, Tellina aragonia 

Dall, and TropTion (Forreria} ponderosum Gabb.

Species which are found in the Jacalitos and in the Santa Margarita formation and which, it is believed, do not extend into the overlying Etchegoin, except possibly in rare instances, are Pecten estrellanus 

Conrad, Pecten crassicardo Conrad, Tamiosoma gregaria? Conrad, and 

ZirpTisea dentata Gabb.

Species which are common to the Jacalitos and the overlying Etchegoin but which are not found in the Santa Margarita are Arca'trilineata Conrad, Cardium meeHarmm Gabb, Cryptomya ovalis? Conrad, 

Diplodonta Jiarfordi F. M. Anderson, Diplodonta parilis Conrad, 

Ecliinarachnius giblsii Esmond, CJirysodomus portolaensis Arnold, 

Macoma secta Conrad, Monia macroschisma Deshayes, Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. sp., Ostrea atwoodi Gabb, Pecten oweni 

Arnold, Schizofhserus pajaroanus Conrad, Paphia staleyit Gabb, and 

PapJiia tenerrima Carpenter.

Thais Icettlemanensis n. sp. should properly belong in the list of 

those species unique to the Jacalitos, as it occurs in the Etchegoin 

only at the type locality of the species (locality 4780, which is included 

in the general locality 4779), on the axis of the Coalinga anticline 

and in beds below the lowest fossiliferous Etchegoin horizon. It is, 

however, abundant toward the base of the Jacalitos.
28 PALEONTOLOGY OP COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

The Jacalitos may be defined as a formation embracing about 3,600 

feet of sand, gravel, clay, and sandstone, lying between the Santa 

Margarita (?) below and the Etchegoin above, and containing in its 

fauna among others at least 15 species which are unique, 4 which 

are common to it and the Santa Margarita but do not extend up into 

the Etchegoin, and 15 which are common to it and to the Etchegoin 

but are not found in the Santa Margarita. In age the Jacalitos is 

believed to belong to the lower part of the upper Miocene. It has 

a known range of about 75 miles along the Diablo and Temblor 

ranges, from Coalinga to the Elkhorn plain. Whether it will be 

possible to recognize the fauna outside of this area is not known; 

for the present it seems advisable to use the name only in a local 

way, and in the general geologic column to place it tentatively as 

an equivalent for the upper part of the Santa Margarita and the 

lower part of the San Pablo.

ETCHEGOIN FORMATION (UPPERMOST MIOCENE).

General description. The Etchegoin formation is the succession of 

slightly consolidated beds of sand, gravel, and clay occurring on 

the summit and flanks of Anticline Ridge and on the southeast end 

of Joaquin Ridge north of Coalinga, above the base of the hill-forming sandstone beds (referred to for convenience as the Glycymeris 

zone), and below the beds described as the Tulare formation. 

Strata in other portions of the Coalinga district are referred to the 

Etchegoin formation on the basis of paleontologic correlation with 

the beds on Anticline Ridge.

The Glycymeris zone is an extremely fossiliferous bed of somewhat 

indurated sand that forms the summit of the hill at the northwest 

end of Anticline Ridge (in the NW. i SW. J sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.) 

and extends continuously from that point along the line mapped a as 

the base of the Etchegoin formation. It is underlain at the locality 

referred to by clay that is classed in the Jacalitos formation and is 

overlain by a thick succession of bluish-gray sand beds interbedded 

with dark-gray sand. The zone affords almost perfect specimens of 

many species of fossils that make up a distinctive fauna. It is 

called the Glycymeris zone for ease of reference, because it is an 

important datum line that may be recognized by the association of 

fossils contained in it.

There are various reasons for assuming this zone to be the base of 

the formation. First, an unconformity is known to occur below it 

in the synclinal basin north of White Creek, for there a zone- containing 

the same fauna rests directly upon Cretaceous (Chico) sandstone; 

and somewhere between Oil Canyon and the Cretaceous area an 

overlap of the Glycymeris zone upon the underlying Cretaceous 

beds must exist. It is therefore appropriate to consider the beds 

above the base of the Glycymeris zone as a distinct formation,

oBull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 357, 1908, PI. I.
ETCHBGOIN FORMATION. 29

although on Anticline Ridge and in the greater portion of their extent 

in the region north of Coalinga," as well as to the south as far as they 

have been studied, they appear to rest conformably upon the beds 

below. A further reason for assuming this .zone as the base is that 

it is at the bottom of a succession of bluish sand beds on Anticline 

Ridge and at some other places in the Coalinga district, thus marking 

a sharp and easily recognizable variation in lithology between the 

beds below and above it. At other places, however, especially in the 

southern portion of the Kreyenhagen Hills, the blue sands occur 

also far below the Glycymeris zone, so that the lithologic feature 

can not be relied upon everywhere as a basis of separation.

In the description of the Jacalitos (early upper Miocene) frequent 

reference has been made to the overlying Etchegoin (late upper 

Miocene). In fact, these formations are.so closely, related and so 

similar that the one can not well be described without reference to 

the other. In places they seem to have originated as a chronologically continuous succession of marine deposits and are only arbitrarily separable, whereas in other places an overlap of the latter 

upon the Cretaceous has taken place. Many of the features of structure, influence on topography, and lithologic variability mentioned 

in connection with the former exist also in the latter.

The Etchegoin formation consists of slightly consolidated sand, 

clay, and gravel, interbedded with occasional indurated beds, and is 

characterized by an abundance of invertebrate fossils, among which 

a few forms, like sand dollars (Echinarachnius), barnacles (Balanus), 

Mulinia, Area, My a, small oysters, Neverita, etc., are particularly 

prevalent. It reaches a thickness of over 3,500 feet in the southern 

portion of the district, but in the northern portion it is at most only 

half as thick. It may be most easily recognized by the dominant 

grayish-blue color of the massive sand beds that comprise a thickness 

of several hundred feet at its base, but an examination of its characteristic fossils is the only means of distinguishing it. accurately 

from the associated formations.

One of the most important of its broad features in the Coalinga 

district is the usual predominance of coarse material, such as sand 

and pebbly deposits, in its lower portion, and of finer material, such 

as extremely fine sand and clay, in its upper portion; but this feature 

varies with the locality, and in some places is hardly noticeable.

Fossils. Fossils are more or less abundant and usually in an excellent state of preservation throughout the Etchegoin formation-in the 

Coalinga district. Several recognizable horizons, each carrying a 

more or less distinctive fauna, occur between the base and top of the 

formation, but these faunas are so closely related and of such local 

extent that they have not been deemed worthy of recognition in 

the mapping of the formation. The following species have been 

found by Robert Anderson and the writer in the district under 

discussion:
List of fossils from the Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) forma

Name.

t

ANTHOZOA.

ECHINODEEMATA.

' BEACHIOPODA.

PELECYPODA.

Mvtilus CMvtiloconcha) coalinKensis n. so ...

S3£CO

. .. .

O

X

X

og

s

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s

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Ostreasp.

itwoodi Gabb .........................

urida Carpenter. ....................

/espertina Conrad ...................

respertina Conrad var. sequens n. var.

p....................................

a generosa Gould ....................

staleyi ? Gabb .......................

tenerrima Carpenter ................

truncata? Gabb .....................

deserti Conrad ......................

nutteri Arnold ......................

oweni Arnold..... ...................

wattsi Arnold .......................

wattsi Arnold var. etchegoini F. M.

les acutilineatus Conrad .............

dea ovoidea Gould ..................

nus nuttalli Conrad ..................

rubropicta Ball .....................

of. nuttalli Conrad ....................

carius Gould .........................

>. indet ..............................

i gabbi Tryon .......................

GASTEROPODA.

jma carpenteriana Gabb var. fernanalifomiana Conrad var. coalingensis

a recluziana Petit. ..................

v

v

X

v

X

v

^

....

v

....

v

....

v

v

X

v

X 

n. var. 

Natica?
List of fossils from the Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) formation, Coa

GASTEROPODA continued.

CIKRIPEDIA.

CRUSTACEA.

PISCES.

CETACEA.

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ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 33

S849. Point- where road from Coalinga to Stone Canyon crosses the Waltham Creek Sheep property. 

Spur of sandstone. Probably middle beds.

4643. Upper Mulinia zone on main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of 1.370-foot hill, in SE. 1 

sec. 20, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Lower middle beds.

4648. Seventy-five feet below summit on south side of 1,375-foot hill just west of Mr. Orr's house in Big 

Tar Canyon. In NE. J NW. Jsec. 8, T. 23 S., R. 17 E. Basal beds.

4656. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge, 6 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, SW. J sec. 34, T. 19 S., 

R. 15 E. Lowest Etchegoin bed or Glycymeris zone, just below bed of 4657.

4657. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge, 6 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, bed just above 4-656, near 

south side of SW. J sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Basal beds.

4658. Near northwest end of Anticline Ridge at southeast end of long 1,200-foot hill, in NE. } sec. 3, T. 

20 S., R. 15 E., near base of Etchegoin.

4659. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge on 1,200-foot hill, and for 1 mile northwest of-that hill along 

Glycymeris zone. Basal beds. See 4656.

4660. About 2£ miles southwest of Coalinga, northeast of West Coalinga well. Glycymeris zone, or basal 

beds. See locality 4674.

4661. Eight miles north of Coalinga, in NW. J sec 29, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Glycymeris zone or basal'beds.

4662. At north edge of Etchegoin area in White Creek basin, one-half mile east of road up White 

Creek and three-fourths mile southeast of Michigan well, center of NW. J sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 13 E. 

Glycymeris zone, 100 feet above base of Etchegoin.

4663. At north edge of Etchegoin area in White Creek basin, on summit of ridge one-half mile west of 

road up White Creek and three-fourths mile southwest of Michigan well, about 1 mile northwest of 4662, 

in basal sandstone of the Etchegoin.

4664. On north side of White Creek about 5 miles northwest of junction with Los Gatos Creek, in basal 

Etchegoin beds on south side of synclinal basin.

4665. On south side of White Creek about 6 miles northwest of junction with Los Gatos Creek. Basal 

beds.

4669. At south end of Kettleman Hills, on summit of 540-foot hill in very southwest corner of map, in 

center of sec. 2, T.25S., R. 19 E., and forlmileS. 15° E.ofthat hill; probably about the lowest Etchegoin 

beds exposed south of Avenal Gap.

4670. At southernmost end of Kettleman Hills, 5J miles south-southeast of .Light's house in Avenal Gap,

on knob of vertical angle bench mark (elevation 505 feet), in center of sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Prominent 

bed of yellowish limestone in uppermost portion of Etchegoin.

4671. On northeast flank of Anticline Ridge, about 6£ miles northeast of Coalinga and about 2 miles 

north-northeast of benchmark 947 feet,several hundred feet above base of Etchegoin,in the lower middle 

beds.

4672. South of Waltham Creek, 3J miles southwest of Coalinga, on northeast nose of 1,200-foot ridge fourfifths mile north-northwest of 1,900-foot hill, center of SE. i sec. 13, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Basal beds.

4673. One mile southeast of Alcalde, at elevation of 1,600 feet on ridge west of 1,900-foot hill, center of 

NE. J sec. 24, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Basal beds.

4674. Halfway between West Coalinga and Commercial Petroleum wells, about 3 miles southwest of 

Coalinga. Glycymeris zone, or basal beds. See locality 4660.

4675. Two and one-half miles due west of Coalinga, at elevation of about 1,200 feet on road, north line of 

sec. 1, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Lower middle beds.

4676. Six miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, where old road crosses main ridge onehalf mile east of 1,332-foot hill. Lower Mya zone, or lower middle beds.

4677. Ten miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills on northeast side of summit of 1,370-foot 

hill, west side of N W. J sec. 20, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Lower Mya zone, or lower middle beds.

4678. On road north of locality 4676, one-half mile east-northeast of i;332-foot hill. Lower middle beds.

4679. Area about 10 to 12 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills; Mulinia beds on both 

sides of anticline, between 1,370-foot and 1,277-foot hills on main ridge and within 1 mile northeast of those 

hills on opposite side of anticline. Lower middle beds.

4681. On east side of Kettleman Hills 3 miles northeast of Light's place in Avenal Gap, on southwest side 

of long, low ridge near axis of anticline; middle of west side of NE. J sec. 4, T. 24 S.,R.19 E. Upper (?) 

Mulinia zone, or lower middle beds.

4682. One-third mile west of locality 4681, north-central part of NW. J sec. 4, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Upper 

Mulinia zone, or lower middle beds.

4683. South of Avenal Gap in Kettleman Hills; extremely fossiliferous sand on summit of 500-foot knob 

just north of old house, 24 miles S. 45° E. of Light's place, northern part of NW. J sec. 27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. 

Upper Mulinia zone, or lower middle beds.

4684. South-central part of Kettleman Hills, about 5 miles northwest of Dudlev-Lemoore road, in second 

main canyon 1J miles N. 45° E. of 1,030-foot hill, center of S W.} sec. 35, T. 22 S., R. 18. E. Lower Mulinia 

zone, about 3,000 feet below top of Etchegoin; lower middle or basal beds.

4688. On Anticline Ridge, southwestof Turner well No. 2, middle of S.$ sec. 2, T.20S., R. 15 E. Several 

hundred feet above base of Etchegoin in the lower middle beds.

4690. Two miles southwest of Coalinga, south of Lucile well, S W. J sec. 6. Lower middle beds.

88866 Bull. 396 09 3
List of fossils from the Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) formation, 

Name.

ANTHOZOA.

ECHTNODERMATA.

BHACH1OPODA.

PEtECYPODA.

Diplodonta harfordi F. M. Anderson. .......

Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. sp. . .

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X

S 

^?

....

o

CJ

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-*

X

00

3

X

v

en o

o o s 0

^ 

o 8

v

0 & §
Ostrea vespertina Conrad var. sequens n . var .

Pecten wattsi Arnold var. etehegoini F. M.

GASTEROPODA.

Bathytoma carpenteriana Gabb var. fernanLittorina mariana n. sp. and var. alta n.var.

Nassa califomiana Conrad var. coalingensis

^o4-if>Q 7

Never! ta recluziana Petit. ................... Y

v

11""

V

y

v

Y

v

Y Y Y

v

Y

v

X 

v
List of fossils from the Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) formation, 

Name.

GASTEROPODA continued.

CIREIPEDIA.

CKUSTACEA.

PISCES.

CETACEA.

CO

o

CO

X

1

0 

Ci

o

v

sC£>

X

X

X

8o§CO

X

v

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CO

o 

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X

X
ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 37

4693. South-central part of Kettleman Hills, about 9 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, 1,000 feet north-. 

east of 1,030-foot hill, S W. \ NE. $ sec. 3, T. 23 S., E. 18 E., 950 feet stratigraphically below summit of Etchegoin. About same as Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4695. East side of Kettleman Hills, south of Avenal Gap, from gravelly surface of ground, NE. £ SE. i sec. 

27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Lower middle beds.

4696. About 2,000 feet east of main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of Light's place, SW. J 

NW. J sec. 21, T. 24 S., R. 19. E. In dark gypsiferous sand and clay about 750 feet stratigraphically below 

top of Etchegoin; probably the equivalent of the Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4697. Near south end of Kettleman Hills, along summit of ridge (elevation 592 feet) 4 miles S. about 20° 

E. of Light's place in Avenal Gap, on west side of sec. 3, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Prominent pebble bed 1,600 

to 2,000 feet below summit of Etchegoin. Probably same horizon as 4695, in lower middle beds.

4698. North of White Creek syncline, about three-fourths mile north of White Creek and 3£ miles north-

'

on northeastern

side of knoll in western part of sec. 26, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. About same horizon as 4695 and 4697, in lower 

middle beds.

4700. Kettleman Hills. Float. Undifferentiated lower or middle beds.

4701. East side of Kettleman Hills, at base of upper Mya zone or uppermost beds on Dudley-Lemoore 

road, in east-central part of sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.

4702. South-central part of Kettleman Hills, on northwest side of 813-foot hill 4£ miles northwest of 

Avenal Gap, 400 feet east of main ridge where old road crosses, NW. \ NW. £ sec. 25, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. 

Gypsiferous sand and pebble bed about 900 feet stratigraphically below summit of Etchegoin. Probably 

equivalent to Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4703. Central part of Kettleman Hills, 10 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, three-fourths mile N. 30° W. 

of 1,030-foot hill, SW. J SW. J sec. 34, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. About 900 feet stratigraphically below summit of 

Etchegoin. Probably equivalent of Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4704. Central part of Kettleman Hills, 11 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, on south base of 1,145-foot 

hill, in very southeast corner of sec. 28, T. 22 S...R. 18 E. Just above upper Mulinia zone, in lower middle 

beds.

4705. One-third mile south of bench mark 923 feet on Zapato Creek, from hard layers in sand forming a 

ridge that runs along 1 mile from there on south side of road to Canoas Creek, on west side of NW. { sec. 

17, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. About 450 feet below summit of Etchegoin. Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper 

middle beds.

4706. Just across the gully east of the Call well, 7 miles north-northwest from Coalinga, in northwest 

corner of sec. 32, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Lower middle beds (?).

4707. About one-fourth mile northeast of Hugo Kreyenhagen's house between two roads that run east 

from Canoas Creek, center of sec. 27, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Sea-urchin bed immediately above upper Millinia 

zone, about 9.00 feet stratigraphically above base of Etchegoin, in lower middle beds.

4708. On 1,245-foot hill 4 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, east side of sec. 32, T. 21 

S., R. 17 E. Area bed in upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4709. East side of Kettleman Hills, on summit of ridge in center of SE. i sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Drab 

sand with hard sandstone layers, 750 to 800 feet stratigraphically below summit of Etchegoin. Pecten 

coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4710. Three-fourths mile northwest of Zapato Creek bench mark, 806 feet, on north side of ravine, westcentral part of NE. J sec. 5, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4711. West side. of 1,245-foot hill, 4 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, central part of 

sec. 32, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. Oyster bed 50' feet above Area bed of locality 4708; upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4712. East of Zapato Creek, one-half mile south of Adolph Kreyenhagen's house, SW. J SE. \ sec. 8, T. 

22 S., R. 16 E. Variable pebbly sand, very fossiliferous. Pecten coalingaensis zone, cr upper middle beds.

4713. On top of 1,332-foot hill, 5£ miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, in south-central 

part of sec. 3, T. 22 S., R. 17 E. Sand dollar bed of drab sand overlying blue and gray sand of lower Mya 

zone, both being in the lower middle beds.

4714. Two miles southwest of Coalinga, at elevation of 900 feet near edge of Alcalde Hills, on ridge 

descending east from prominent hill (elevation 1,410 feet). Just east of center of SW. J sec. 6, T. 21 S., R. 

15 E. Coarse sand and pebble conglomerate about 050 feet stratigraphically above base of Etchegoin. 

Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4715. South end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Upper middle and uppermost Etchegoin 

beds.

4716. Near northwest end of Kettleman Hills, 2 miles north-northwest of 1,245-foot hill, east of center 

of SW. J sec. 20, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. In sand just below flinty white shale bed that marks top of Etchegoin. 

Just below 4740. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4717. Near northwest end of Kettleman Hills, 1J miles northwest of 1,244-foot hill, just east of old house, 

northwest corner of sec. 29, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. A rca sand below white shale at top of Etchegoin. Upper 

Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4718. Main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 4 miles north of Dudley-Lemoore road, on summit of 1,020-foot 

hill, east side of sec. 11, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4720. One mile due north of Light's place in Avenal Gap on south side of hill (elevation 555 feet), in 

center of SW. J sec. 8, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Very gypsiferous sand at base of upper Mya zone, or uppermost 

beds.

4722. Three-fourths mile southeast of Adolph Kreyenhagen's on Zapato Creek, northwest corner of sec. 

10, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4723. South group of Kettleman Hills, on point of main ridge facing Avenal Gap one-half mile eastsoutheast of Light's place, south side of SE. i sec. 17, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost 

beds.

4724. Main ridge of south group of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile south of Avenal Gap, NW. i SE. J sec. 20, 

T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4725. East side of Kettleman Hills, on 500-foot ridge at contact of Etchegoin and Tulare north of sharp 

turn in Dudley-Lemoore road, southwest corner of sec. 8, T. 23 S., R. 19 E. Upper Mya zone, or 

uppermost beds.
lAst of fossils from the Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) formation, C

Name. " 

ANTHOZOA.

ECHINODERMATA.

BRACHIOPODA.

PELECYPODA.

Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalineensis n. sp. . .

00 

<N 

f~

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g

Tt«

x

o

STP

X

X

CO

J2 ^P

X

?

Tp 

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^

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t^.

^*

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t*-

Tt^

X

X

o 

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y

X

K 

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W

§

S

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^

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S3

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v
Pecten wattsi Arnold var. etchegoinl F. M.

GASTEROPODA. '

BathytomacarpenterianaGabb var. fernanNassa californiana Conrad var. coalingensis

Natica?.. ...................................

Neverita recluziana Petit. . .................

'

X

^

,

v

V

v
40 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

X

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Hill
ETCHEGOIF FOEMATION. 41

4728. On northeast border of Kettleman Hills, on southwest flank of 900-foot hill just east of old road, 

in north part of sec. 35, T.21 S., R. 17 E. Upper Mya zone at top of Etchegoin immediately underlying 

Tulare fresh-water beds of 4731.

4729. At west foot of hill (elevation 1,174 feet), 1£ miles east of Garza Creek, just north of road, southeast 

corner of NE. J sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 16 B. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4730. Central part of Kettleman Hills, on summit of 1,030-foot hill on main ridge 9J miles northwest of 

Light's place in Avenal Gap, center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4736. East side of Kettleman Hills, east of Dudley-Lemoore road, NE. J SW. J sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E. 

Upper Mya zone just below fresh-water bed (Tulare) of locality 4737,' uppermost beds.

4741. In Kettleman Hills, 3i miles north of Dudley-Lemoore road on little hill (elevation 000+ feet), 

northeast corner sec. 12, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. In lower middle beds just above lower Mya zone.

4744. West of Canoas Creek, north of road leading to Zapato Creek, SW. J NW. \ sec. 22, T. 22 S., R. 

10 E. Upper Mya zone, uppermost beds.

4749. On ridge east of .Garza Creek, in NE. J sec. 1, T. 23 S., R. 16 E. Lower Mulinia zone, basal beds 

of Etchegoin.

4750. On ridge east of Garza Creek, about 1,200 feet stratigraphically above 4749, SW. J sec. 30, T. 22 S., 

R. 10 E. Lower middle beds.

4751. On ridge east of Garza Creek and immediately west of road from Garza Creek to Big Tar Canyon, 

NW. J sec. 30, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. About 1,000 feet stratigraphically above 4750, or in upper middle beds.

4752. On ridge east of Garza Creek and immediately northeast of road connecting Garza Creek and Big 

Tar Canyon, NE. J sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Upper Mya zone, about 1,000 feet stratigraphically above 

4751, uppermost beds.

4753. On Waltham Creek 13 miles southwest of Coalinga, 200 yards north of Elmer Frame's house. In 

gray sandstone well up in Etchegoin formation, probably in middle beds.

4754. Waltham Creek, 13 miles southwest of Coalinga, three-fourths mile east of Elmer Frame's place. 

Gray sandstone 200 feet stratigraphically below 38*9; also probably in middle beds.

4755. About 4 miles south of Coalinga in Jacalitos Hills, SW. J sec. 21, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.. Undiflerentiated 

lower or middle beds.

4750. Vicinity of Henry Spring, 4 miles south-southwest of Coalinga, on east side of 1,900-foot hill, SW. J 

sec. 18, T. 21 S., 11.15 E. Lower middle or basal beds.

4757. Same locality, but 150 feet stratigraphically above 4750. Lower middle or basal beds.

4758. Same locality, but 490 feet stratigraphically above 4750. Upper middle beds.

4759. Same locality, but 500 to 900 feet stratigraphically above 4750. Upper middle beds.

4700. On old road crossing north end of Kettleman Hills, three-fourths mile northeast of 1,332-foot hill, 

SE. -J NW. J sec. 2, T. 22 S., R. 17 E. In lower middle beds, 1,900 feet stratigraphically below summit of 

Etchegoin, about equivalent of lower Mya zone.

4761. On ridge one-half mile south of junction of Jacalitos and Salt creeks, southeast corner of sec. 31, 

T. 21 S., R. 15 E. Cardium bed at base of Etchegoin, about equivalent of Glycymeris zone, basal beds.

4762. Southwest of Coalinga district, in Waltham Valley three-fourths mi'le east of Elmer Frame's 

house. Area and Mactra bed, probably basal beds.

4703. Southwest of Coalinga district, on Stone Canyon-Waltham'Creek road just west of Waltham 

Valley. Probably middle beds.

4769. On east side of Canoas Creek, just south pf Hugo Kreyenhagen's home, northwest corner of SW. J 

sec. 27, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Lower Mulinia zone, at contact between Etchegoin and Jacalitos.

4778. About three-fourths mile east of Adolph Kreyenhagen's house on Zapato Creek, west side of sec. 9, 

T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Small Ostrea bed, about 100 feet stratigraphically below Mya bed at top of Etchegoin 

formation in upper Mya zone.

4780. One-fourth mile west of locality 4778. Area bed about 350 feet below summit of Etchegoin, in 

uppermost beds.

4781. Areas from north-central part of Kettleman Hills. Basal Mulinia beds.

4782. On southwest flank of high hill (elevation 1,458 feet) east of lower part of Canoas Creek, at elevation 

of 1,200 feet, SW. i SW. J sec. 23, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4783. On the'southeast bank of Canoas Creek, three-fourths mile below H. Kreyenhagen's, 10 miles 

southeast of Coalinga, northeast corner SW. £ sec. 22, T. 22 S., R. 10 E.; 125 feet stratigraphically below 

top of Etchegoin formation, in uppermost beds.

4799. Coalinga district. Exact locality unknown.

4800. Two miles southeast of Coalinga, on north side of Alcalde Canyon, center of SW. J sec. 7, T. 21 S., 

R. 15 E. Glycymeris zone, near base of Etchegoin.

4857. Extreme southeast end of Kettleman Hills, in sees. 11, 12, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Pecten oweni bed, 

probably lowest Etchegoin.
42 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Faunal zones. The lowest fossiliferous bed in the Etchegoin is in 

a zone in which Glycymeris coalingensis n. sp. and G. septentrionalis 

Middendorf are exceedingly abundant; this zone is called the Glycymeris zone; above this are beds in which Mulinia densata Conrad is 

very abundant; this is the Mulinia zone; still higher in certain parts 

of the field Ecliinarachnius gibbsii Remond is very common, but other 

fossils rare, and this is sometimes called the Echinaraclinius zone. 

A few hundred feet below the top of the Etchegoin is an exceedingly 

fossiliferous horizon in which Pecten coalingaensis Arnold is a common 

species, and this is called the Pecten coalingaensis zone; above it and 

practically at the top of the Etchegoin is the upper Mya zone, 

characterized by numerous Mya japonica Jay. In the Kettleman 

Hills is another horizon, between the Mulinia and Pecten coalingaensis 

zones, in which Mya japonica is practically the only fossil; this horizon 

is called the lower Mya zone.

The Glycymeris zone, or zone of the" basal beds, is characterized by 

the two species of this genus previously mentioned and by Diplodonta 

Tiarfordi F. M. Anderson, D. parilis Conrad, Cardium meekianum 

Gabb, and Pecten oweni Arnold. Locality 4806 is typical of this zone. 

Localities representative of this zone are 4648, 4656, 4657, 4658, 4659, 

4660, 4661, .4662, 4663, 4664, 4665, 4669, 4672, 4673, 4674, 4684, 

4749, 4756, 4757, 4761, 4762, 4769, 4781, 4806, and 4857.

The Mulinia zone, or zone of the lower middle beds, contains 

numerous Mulinia densata Conrad, Ostrea atwoodi Gabb, and. Area 

trilineata Conrad. It is represented by localities 4643, 4671, 4675, 

4676, 4677, 4678, 4679, 4681, 4682, 4683, 4688, 4690 (?), 4695, 4697, 

4699, 4704, 4706 (?), 4707, 4713, 4741, 4750, and 4760.

The Pecten coalingaensis zone, or zone of the upper middle beds, is 

characterized by Pecten coalingaensis Arnold, P. wattsi Arnold and its 

variety etcliegoini F. M. Anderson, Terebmtalia smitU Arnold, and 

Ostrea vespertina Conrad. Locality 4712 yields a fauna typical of 

this horizon. It is also represented at localities 4693, 4696, 4698, 

4702, 4703, 4705, 4709, 4710, 4712, 4714, 4715, 4751, 4758, and 4759.

The upper Mya zone, or zone of the uppermost Etchegoin beds, 

carries Mya japonica Jay, Littorina mariana n. sp., and its variety 

alta n. var., Trocliita flosa Gabb, and Solen sicarius Gould. Just 

above the upper Mya zone is usually found a bed in which are numerous Ostrea vespertina Conrad var. sequens n. var. This zone is represented at'localities 4670,4701,4708,4711, 4716, 4717, 4718, 4720, 

4722, 4723, 4724, 4725, 4728, 4729, 4730, 4736, 4744, 4752, 4778, 

4780, 4782, and 4783.

Localities 3849, 4700, 4753, 4754, 4755, 4763, and 4799 are undifferentiated.

Conditions of deposition, A study of the faunas of the various 

zones of the Etchegoin leads to some interesting conclusions concern-
ETCHEGODvT FOBMATION. 43

ing the physical conditions which surrounded the deposition of the 

strata at various times throughout the Etchegoin epoch, and also to 

some important correlations,' not only with formations in other 

parts of the Coast Ranges but with horizons of the Tertiary of the 

Eastern States.

The abundance of Area in the Glycymeris and Mulinia zones leads 

to the conclusion that the water in which the lower part of the Etchegoin was laid down was somewhat warmer than that now prevalent 

on the Pacific coast at the latitude of Coalinga.

Following the deposition of the two lower zones came a period in 

which estuarine conditions prevailed over at least a part of the 

Coalinga shore line, for in the Kettleman Hills is a bed in which is to 

be found large numbers of Mya japonica Jay, a noted cold-water 

species preferring mud flats'. This Mya bed in turn is followed by 

strata containing a fauna having many characteristics in common 

with the fauna of the Gulf of California, a province that has been 

subject to tropical conditions at least since the beginning of Miocene 

time. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that a subsidence and 

change of conditions to those favoring the immigration of warmer 

water species took place some time after the deposition of the middle 

Etchegoin. These conditions Were suddenly altered near the close 

of the Etchegoin epoch, as is indicated by the fauna of the upper 

Mya zone, which contains Mya japonica Jay, Macoma inguinata 

Deshayes, and Littorina mariana n. sp. (closely allied to the northern 

L. (jrandis Midd.), species supposed to have been best suited to cold 

and possibly estuarine conditions. It is a noteworthy fact in connection with this late Etchegoin cold-water invasion that it exterminated most of the species found in the subjacent beds, at least for 

the local Coalinga province, and that the only important species of 

the preceding fauna, Ostrea vespertina Conrad, which persisted into 

the last part of the Etchegoin, was so adversely influenced by the new 

conditions that it became a dwarf of its former self and took up new 

characteristics of at least varietal importance. The uppermost 

Etchegoin representative of the beautiful well-developed Ostrea vespertina is the dwarfed, thin variety sequens.

Other evidence showing the varying conditions which prevailed 

during the latter half of the Etchegoin is to be found in the occurrence 

within the formation of curious bulbous growths of fishes, such as are 

later mentioned as occurring associated with the fresh-water fossils 

in the basal Tulare. The lowest horizon at which they were found 

is at locality 4697, which is 1,600 to 2,000 feet below the summit 

of the formation. These growths occur alone, with marine fossils, or 

with fresh-water fossils. At one horizon, about 900 below the summit 

of the Etchegoin, along the eastern foot of the main ridge in the 

southern portion of the Kettleman Hills, abundant specimens of
44 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Goniobasis, a fresh-water (?) genus, were found in gypsiferous beds 

associated, with the curious fish bones. This horizon is represented 

by locality 4696, and is about equivalent to that of Pecten coaling aensis. 

These bones and shells indicate that a close connection existed between 

salt-water areas and nearly if not entirely fresh-water areas during 

much of the Etchegoin period, and that especially in the later portion 

of the period conditions were on the verge of becoming such as 

existed during early Tulare time. The great thickness of inky-blue 

fine clay in the upper portion of the Etchegoin of the Kettleman 

Hills below the sands of the upper Mya zone is believed to have 

originated as fine delta deposits, possibly subaerially and above the 

reach of the tide.

The presence of enormous quantities of Ecliinamchnius, accompanied by no other forms of fossils, in some of the middle or upper 

middle Etchegoin sands, and somewhat similar deposits in the upper 

Jacalitos, indicate that at various periods throughout the upper 

Miocene extensive, shallow sand flats prevailed along the edge of the 

vSan Joaquin sea.

Correlation. F. M. Anderson a correlates the lower portion of 

the Etchegoin with the typical San Pablo beds of the Mount Diablo 

province, and this correlation agrees in general with that made by 

the writer. To be more exact it is believed that the upper Jacalitos 

and lower Etchegoin are probably the equivalent of the typical San 

Pablo and that the upper Etchegoin is possibly younger than the 

latest San Pablo, and agrees in age more nearly with the lower part 

of the fossiliferous Purisima beds on the southwestern flanks of the 

Santa Cruz Mountains. 6

The resemblance of the fauna of the upper Etchegoin to the fauna 

of the latest marine formation in the Carrizo Creek district of eastern 

San Diego County and to similar beds at Santa Rosalia and other 

points in lower California, has led the- writer to correlate it with 

these latter, and on the basis of this correlation to suppose that the 

upper Miocene sea occupied the upper end of the Gulf of California 

depression. This last correlation agrees with that of Gabb and Cooper, 

who considered. the beds at Carrizo Creek to be Pliocene (some of 

their Pliocene is now recognized as upper Miocene by the writer). 

The number of species common to the two faunas is not large but 

the abundance of the individuals and the uniqueness of the forms 

compensate for this. Among the forms common to the two faunas 

are Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Pecten deserti Conrad, and Neverita 

recluziana Petit.

The similarity between Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Mytilus (Mytiloconcha). coalingensis n. sp., and Pecten deserti Conrad of the Etchea Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 180. 

b Arnold, Ralph, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 353.
ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. ' 45

goin fauna and Ostrea sculpturata Conrad, Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) 

incurvus Conrad, Pecten gilibus Linnaeus var. concentncus Say of the 

Miocene and Pliocene of the Atlantic States, points strongly to a 

direct connection between the Atlantic and Pacific provinces during 

the Miocene. If such a connection existed it was possibly through 

southern Arizona and New Mexico and thence along the course of 

the Rio Grande to the Gulf of Mexico, although it might have been 

farther south.

Age: The age of the Etchegoin in terms of the standard time scale 

is now, and probably will for some time to come, be a question on 

which opinions differ. F. M. Anderson and the writer agree on the 

general correlation of the San Pablo and Etchegoin; about this 

there can be very little doubt. But when it comes to assigning the 

San Pablo and Etchegoin to the Pliocene, the writer differs with 

Anderson a and also with Weaver. 6

According to the list given in this paper the Etchegoin is represented 

by 84 recognizable species. Of these, 55 species or varieties (65 per 

cent) are extinct, while but 29 species (35 per cent) are still living 

in the Pacific Ocean. According to Lyell's classification this would 

place the formation decidedly in the Miocene. Furthermore, of the 

fauna of 18 recognizable species at locality 4712, a fauna typical of 

the upper part of the Etchegoin, 16 species and varieties (89 per 

cent) are extinct and only 2 species (11 per cent) are now living.

In addition to the line of evidence presented above, which at best 

is largely dependent on the personal interpretation of the meaning 

of species, there is the evidence of the position of the Etchegoin in 

the geologic series of California. An examination of its fauna 

indicates that its upper portion is equivalent to the lowest Purisima 

of the western side of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and there is no 

question but that in places at least 4,000 or 5,000 feet 0 of strata 

separate this lower Purisima fauna from the lower Merced fauna 

and that between 3,000 and 5,000 feet of Merced (both Pliocene and 

Pleistocene) overlie the lower Merced fauna. Therefore it is evident 

that since the deposition of the Etchegoin enough time has elapsed 

for the deposition of between 7,000 and 10,000 feet of strata on the 

California coast. Taking 25,000 feet as a conservative estimate of 

the total maximum thickness of the Tertiary on the west coast, this 

7,000 to 10,000 feet of strata above the Etchegoin would place the 

top of the Etchegoin at least a third of the way down toward the 

base of the Tertiary. Arguing along this line it seems to the writer 

more consistent to place the Etchegoin in the Miocene rather than 

in the Pliocene.

« Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, pp. ISO et scq.; 4th scr., vol. 3, pp. 28 et seq.

6 Bull. Dept. Geology, Univ. California, vol. 5, p. 269.

"See Santa Cruz folio (No. 163), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1909.
46 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALING A DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

TULARE FORMATION (PLIOCENE-LOWER PLEISTOCENE).

General description. The Etchegoin in the Coalinga district is 

overlain along the border of the San Joaquin Valley by a thick succession of beds of gravel, sand, clay, sandstone, conglomerate, and some 

limestone, \%hich forms the uppermost member of the upturned 

formations exposed in the monocline on the eastern flank of the 

Diablo Range. It differs materially from the formations so far 

described in that its origin is doubtful, being in part fresh water, in 

part marine, and in large part probably of subaerial origin. In the 

Kettleman Hills, where these beds are best exposed, the basal sand, 

which appears to lie conformably upon the marine bed at the top of 

the Etchegoin, contains many fresh-water fossils. The beds above 

this have a thickness of several thousand feet, and as far as observed 

are unfossiliferous except at one horizon near the summit, at which 

a few marine fossils have been found. Along the foothills of the 

Diablo Range in the Coalinga district the basal fresh-water beds 

have not been recognized and may be lacking. Gravel and sand 

beds belonging to the same succession overlie the Etchegoin with 

local appearances of unconformity.

The whole series of tilted beds overlying the Etchegoin is referred 

to as one formation, the Tulare, for the reason that it appears to 

be continuous and can not be consistently subdivided in different 

regions. It was formed without doubt under varying conditions of 

deposition, but it may or may not represent a continuous period. 

It began to be formed in some portion (probably the earlier portion) 

of the Pliocene epoch, and probably represents a continuation of 

deposition well into the Pleistocene. Its summit may be considered 

as the highest bed markedly affected by the great uplift that took 

place early in Pleistocene time throughout the Coast Range region, 

and as unconformably overlain by the more recent horizontal terrace 

deposits and alluvium.

The highest part of the formation exposed is near the edge of 

Kettleman Plain in the south-central part of the Kettleman Hills, 

but the summit of the formation as above defined is not exposed, 

though it is probable that the edge of the Kettleman Hills' marks the 

approximate summit of the tilted beds. The maximum thickness 

of the Tulare at this locality is a little over 3,000 feet. The 

formation may be recognized most easily by the fresh-water fossils 

and strange bone beds at its base, by its position overlying all the 

other formations and bordering the valley, and by the prevalence in 

it of prominent beds of bowlder gravel, which is much coarser and 

more abundant than in any of the other Tertiary formations. Otherwise this formation resembles some of the others closely, and it is 

frequently difficult to differentiate them.

This formation was first described by F. M. Anderson, a the section 

in the Kettleman Hills being his type. Lists of fossils accompanied

oProc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2,1902, p. 181.
TULAKE FORMATION. 47

his original description. In Bulletin 357 of the United States Geological Survey the beds now called Tulare were correlated with Fairbanks's Paso Robles formation. 0 Late work by Robert Anderson 

has shown the Paso Robles to be composed in part of various marine 

strata extending from the upper Miocene upward. F. M. Anderson's 

later name, Tulare, is therefore adopted for the formation to which 

it was originally given.

Fossils. The only important fossiliferous zone in the Tulare 

lies near its base and is called the Anodonta zone because of the 

abundance in it of fresh-water mussels of this genus. Commonly 

there is but one fossil bed in the zone, but toward the south-central 

part of the Kettleman Hills, two, and locally three, beds carrying 

fresh-water shells are found. The folio whig species have been found 

in the Tulare formation in the Coalinga district by Robert Anderson and the writer:

List of Tulare (Pliocene-lower Pleistocene} fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

PELECYPODA.

GASTEROPODA.

PISCES.

ui

X

<N CO

v

v

v

V

V

V

c^i

CO

v

v

v

v

v

v

v

£

X

v

K

n

X

$ &

X

O

^

v

<A-tf

X

a San Luis folio (No. 101), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1904.

4715. South end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 10 E.

4721. Northeast border of Kettleman Hills, 4 miles west of Tulare Lake, on summit of 758-foot hill, NE. J 

sec. 15, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Fresh-water zone at base of Tulare.

4731. Northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, on top of hill (elevation 005 feet) just 

east of old road and cabin, NW. £ NE. J sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. Fresh-water zone just above oyster 

bed of locality 4728.

4732. About 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on south side of main ridge 1* miles northwest of 1,245-foot hill, SW. i- NE. i sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. Fresh-water zone at base of Tulare.

4735. Central part of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1 mile southwest of 1,370-foot hill and onethird mile northwest of oil derrick, in center of south line of SW. \ sec. 19, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Fresh-water 

zone at base of Tulare.

4737. East side of Kettleman Hills, east of Dudley-Lemoore road, NE. J SW. J sec. 17, T. 23 S., 11.19 E. 

Fresh-water zone overlying upper Etchegoin bed of locality 4736.

4738. In Kreyenhagen Hills, 20 miles southeast of Coalinga, one-fourth mile east of bench mark 872 feet, 

just south of El Cerrito well, SE. J NW. £ sec. 14, T. 23 S., R. 17 E. In whiteshale zone at base of Tulare 

as mapped.

4739. Same general locality as 4738, on point of 900-foot hill, nearly 1 mile northwest of bench mark 872 

feet, SE. \ sec. 10, T. 23 S., R. 17 E. At contact of Etchegoin and Tulare.

4740. Near northwest end of Kettleman Hills, 2 miles north-northwest of 1,245-foot hill, east of center 

of SW. \ sec. 20, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. Fresh-water zone just above Etchegoin oyster beds and white shale 

of locality 4710.

4743. On west side of Kettleman Hills, along Dudley-Lemoore road, in steeply dipping beds of pebbly 

sand exposed in bed of arroyo, 1,000 feet up gully from edge of plain, north part of S w. \ sec. 35, T. 23 S., 

R. 18 E. About 2,500 feet above fresh-water zone at base of formation.
48

The marine and fresh-water fossils at locality 4715, in the southern 

part of the Kettleman Hills, are more or less mixed, owing to their 

scattered occurrence over the surface of the eroded upturned beds, 

and it is uncertain whether the marine forms EchinaracJinius and 

Paphia, listed from this locality, originally occurred with the freshwater A mnicola, Goniobasis, and Planorbis.

Faunal relations and age. A comparison of the above list with the 

list of species from the same locality prepared by Dr. J. G. Cooper a 

shows a marked discrepancy between the two. This is caused by the 

different identifications of Doctor Cooper and the writer. Cooper 

identified the Kettleman Hill species, with the exception of two 

forms, as species now living, while the writer, after a careful comparison of the fossils with the series of recent fresh-water-mollusks in 

the United States National Museum, concluded that with three 

exceptions the fossils were new, although in most cases allied to recent 

forms. A comparison of the two lists discloses the following relations:

Cooper's identification. Arnold's identification.

Anodonta decurtata Conrad.... 1....... Anodonta kettlemanensis n. sp.

Anodonta nuttalliana Lea............. Probably same as above.

Amnicola turbiniformis Tryon.......... Amnicola andersoni n. sp.

Carinifex newberryi Lea.............. Carinifex marshalli n. sp.

Goniobasis occata Hinds............... Goniobasis kettlemanensis n. sp.

Goniobasis nigrina? Lea. 

Margaritana subangulata Cooper ....... Gonidea coalingensis n. sp.

Gonidea coalingensis var. cooperi n. var. 

Physa costata Newcomb................ Physa wattsi n. sp.

Physa humerosa Gould. 

Planorbis' tumens Carpenter........... Planorbis vanvlecki n. sp.

Sphaerium dentatum Haldeman ....... Sphserium cooperi n. sp.

Sphserium kettlemanensis n. sp.

This fauna, as interpreted by the writer, indicates that the basal

Tulare in the Coalinga district is possibly older than the lowest 

known fossiliferous beds in the Santa Clara formation of the Santa 

Cruz region, and certainly very much older than the fresh-water 

fossils from the Colorado Desert of southern California. In fact, the 

basal Tulare is believed to be the fresh-water equivalent of the 

San Diego formation and lower Pliocene in age. About 2,500 feet 

above the base of the Tulare, Ostrea lurida Carpenter, a species 

so far known outside of this district only from Pleistocene and 

recent faunas, has been found. This fact is interpreted as indicating a recurrence of marine or estuarine conditions during upper 

Tulare time and the extension of the Tulare into the Pleistocene.

aProc. California Acacl. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 107; Bull. California State Min. Bureau, 

No. 3, p. 55; Proc..California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 180.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 

TEJON (EOCENE) SPECIES.

PELECYPODA.

Genus TELLINA Linnaeus.

TELLINA JOAQUINENSIS n. sp.

Plate II, figure 11.

Description. Shell attaining a length of 22 millimeters, oblong, compressed, inequivalve, inequilateral. Beaks slightly posterior, small; 

anterior extremity regularly rounded; posterior extremity more 

attenuated than anterior, the posterior dorsal margin sloping from 

beaks at a somewhat steeper angle than the anterior dorsal margin; 

posterior fold practically obsolete. Surface smooth, except for 

numerous very fine lines of growth. Hinge and interior unknown.

Dimensions. Longitude 22 mm.; latitude 15 mm.; diameter of 

single valve, 1.1 mm.

Notes. This small species reminds one somewhat of Angulus, but 

is more nearly equilateral and has a less attenuated posterior extremity. T. joaguinensis is characterized and may be distinguished 

from other California Eocene species by its small size, approximate 

bilateral symmetry, and the moderately steep slopes of its dorsal 

margins. It is apparently closest allied to the Chico (upper Cretaceous) T. ^tarilis Gabb, but may be distinguished from the latter by 

its slightly more posterior beaks and broader outline. It is named 

for the San Joaquin coal mine, near Coalinga.

Type Left valve; catalogue No. 165619, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey 'locality 4801; hard, 

fi.ne sandstone at San Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coalinga, 

in NW. i sec. 26, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert 

Anderson).

Horizon. Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus MERETRIX Lamarck.

MERETRIX GABBI n. sp.

Plate III, figure 4.

Description. Shell attaining a length of 30 millimeters, inequilaterally trigonal in outline, gibbous, finely concentrically striated. 

88866 Bull. 396 09 4 49
50 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT; CALIFORNIA.

Beaks prominent, turbid, bent forward, situated well toward the 

front of the shell; anterior dorsal margin sloping abruptly down, to 

the narrow, sharply rounded extremity; posterior dorsal margin 

only slightly curved except near beak and near extremity, where it 

bends abruptly down, obliquely truncating the end; lower angle of 

extremity sharper than upper; base regularly rounded, lunule not 

large; sculpture consisting of numerous sharp, fine, close-set concentric lines and a few lines of interrupted growth, the latter appearing closer together on the later stages of growth. Hinge and interior 

unknown.

Dimensions. Longitude 29 mm,; latitude 24 mm.; diameter of 

single valve, 11 mm.

Notes. Meretrix gabbi differs from M. uvasana Conrad (PL III, 

fig. 13), from the Tejon by its much finer surface sculpture and much 

more abruptly truncated anterior extremity. It differs from M. 

Jiorni Gabb (PI. Ill, fig. 9), from the Tejon, by the same characters. 

It differs from M. ovalis Gabb (PL III, fig. 5), from the Tejon, by its 

more trigonal outline, more abrupt anterior end, and rougher surface. It is named in honor of the late W. M. Gabb, the Nestor of 

California paleontology.

Type. Catalogue No. 165640, U.S.N.M., from locality 4801.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4614, in low 

hills 3£ miles northwest of Coalinga and between the two coal mines; 

locality 4621, about 150 feet above Chico (Cretaceous) contact, in 

hills just south of Los Gatos Creek, 5£ miles north 45° west of Coalinga; locality 4801, San Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coalinga 

(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus OSTREA Linnaeus. 

OSTREA AVICULIFORMIS F. M. Anderson.

Plate II, figure 12.

1905. Ostrea aviculiformis F. M. Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, 

vol. 2, December, 1905, p. 194, pi. 13, figs. 3, 4, and 5.

This species is very closely allied to, if not the same as, Ostrea 

(Gryphostrea] subeversa Conrad from the Jackson formation of Alabama. This close relationship between the Jackson formation and 

the Tejon, also shown by many other species, leads to the conclusion 

that the two formations are practically contemporaneous.

Figured specimen. Catalogue No. 165627, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4801, San 

Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coalinga, in NW. I sec. 26, T. 20 

S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold); west and north of Coalinga (F. M. 

Anderson).

Horizon.- -Tejon formation, Eocene.
TEJON SPECIES. 51

GASTEROPODA. 

Genus SPIROGLYPHUS Daudin,

SPIEOGLYPHUS ? TEJONENSIS n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 18.

Description. Shell attaining a diameter of over 7 millimeters, 

discoidal coil, with no spire. Whorls three, circular in cross section, 

the first one impressed slightly below plane of periphery; sculpture 

consisting of numerous fine, sharp lines of growth and a more or less 

prominent revolving sulcation near suture -on the inner side of che 

top of the whorl.

Dimensions. Maximum diameter, 7.5 mm.; height of coil, 1 mm.

Notes. Owing to the uncertainty attending the identification of 

forms belonging to this group, it is impossible to assign the species 

definitely to this genus. Its common occurrence and apparent restriction to the Eocene, fauna has, in the writer's opinion, warranted 

a name. It is named for the Tejoh formation, in which it is common 

in the Coalinga district.

Type. Catalogue No. 165658, U.S.N.M., from locality 4617.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4617, hills 

just northwest of the headwaters of Little Tar Canyon, north of 

Dudley; locality 4619, west part of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles 

north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus TRITONIDEA Swainson. 

TRITONIDEA KKEYENHAGENI n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 10.

Description. Shell attaining a length of over 15 millimeters, fusiform, apex acute, canal short; axially ribbed and spirally sculptured. 

Whorls about five or six, moderately convex, angulate and' tabulate 

above middle of whorl; a wavy sulcated sutural line or riblet adorns 

top of whorl. Sculpture consisting of several (11 on penultimate 

whorl) prominent, bulging,' close set varices extending from suture 

to suture, but becoming obsolete, or nearly so, on the body whorl; 

spiral sculpture consists of three prominent rounded, raised lines separated by interspaces, somewhat wider than the lines, in each of which 

is a minor line, and sometimes a threadlet or two; between the uppermost prominent line, which usually adorns the angle, and the sutural 

riblet are two or three minor riblets; body whorl tapering rapidly in 

front and sculptured in a similar manner to the lower parts of the 

upper whorls. Aperture ovate, narrowed in.front, canal short, curved; 

outer lip thin, describing a compound curve bowing from and below
52 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT; CALIFORNIA.

middle; inner lip smooth; columella with external, rather smooth 

fold.

Dimensions. Longitude, of slightly decollete type, 16 mm.; latitude 9.5 mm.; longitude of body whorl 12 mm.; longitude of aperture and canal 9 mm.

This species is characterized by its numerous close-set bulging 

varices and well-defined spiral lines. It is named in honor of Adolph 

and Hugo Kreyenhagen, to whom the writer is under obligations for 

many favors received during the course of work in the region of 

their ranches south of Coalinga.

Type. Catalogue No. 165657, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4801, San 

Joaquiri coal mine, 3 miles northwest of Coalinga, in NW. \ sec. 26, 

T. 20 S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck. 

CANCELLARIA IRELANIANA Cooper.

Plate IV, figure 22.

1894. Cancellaria (Narona) irelaniana Cooper, California State Min. Bureau, Bull. 

' No. 4, p. 42, pi. 1, fig. 5.

Notes. The specimen from the Coalinga locality has less prominent tubercles on the body whorl, has a higher angle on each whorl, 

and shows more spiral sculpture, especially below the angle, than is 

indicated by Cooper's original description and figure. These differences are easily accounted for by the individual variability usually 

encountered in species of this genus. Cooper reports only a single 

specimen, the type, from the Marysville Buttes, Sutter County, collected by W. L. Watts. A single specimen only was found in the 

Coalinga locality. The species was named after William Irelan, jr., 

former state mineralogist of California.

Figured specimen. No. 165645 U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4619, west part 

of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga (James H. 

Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.

PLEUKOTOMA DOMENGINEI n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 16.

Description. Perfect shell about 15 millimeters in length, spindleshaped, whorls angulated, sculpture largely spiral. Whorls about six,
TEJON SPECIES. 53

sharply angulated posterior to middle, tabulate above with a prominent nearly vertical revolving sutural ridge or carina just below 

suture. The sculpture on the sutural ridge consists of numerous 

sharp, more or less regular incremental lines bowing backward in 

conformity with the curvature of the posterior sinus at each period 

of growth; a small rugose spiral thread runs along the base of the 

sutural ridge and another along the top in certain of the whorls; 

the sculpture of the rest of the whorl consists of several (four on the 

lower part of the penultimate whorl) rather prominent rugose revolving threadlets; the lower part of the body whorl is nearly straight or 

only slightly convex and is sculptured by lines similar to those on 

the basal parts of the other whorls. Aperture and columella of type 

are missing, so these can not be characterized.

Dimensions. Of broken type, longitude 11 mm.; latitude 6.5 rnm.

Notes. This beautifully sculptured little species is characterized 

by its tabulate whorls, prominent sutural ridge, and the peculiar 

sculpture of the ridge and lower part of whorl. Only the type is 

known. It is named for the Domengine ranch, near which the type 

was found.

Type. Catalogue No. 165647, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4619, in the 

west part of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga 

(Jas. H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Tejon formation, Eocene.

PLEUROTOMA FRESNOENSIS n. sp. 

Plate IV, figure 23.

Description. Shell attaining a length of over 20 millimeters, 

spindle-shaped, very slender, apex acute, whorls nodose and spirally 

sculptured. Whorls 10, convex and sharply angulated in middle; 

about eight sharp, spirally elongated nodes adorn the angle of each 

whorl, becoming obsolete toward sutures; upper surface of whorls 

flat to concave and strongly sculptured by 'backward bowing incremental lines which record shape of sinus; lower portion of whorl 

sculptured by two or three subequal spiral lines; lower part of body 

whorl with alternating rugose spiral lines. Suture wavy, distinct. 

Aperture elliptical; canal unknown; posterior sinus well developed; 

outer lip sharp, bowing forward in middle; inner lip smooth.

Dimensions. Longitude of type from which the canal is broken, 

21 mm.; latitude 8 mm.; longitude of spire 11 mm.; longitude of 

aperture 7 mm.

Notes. This beautiful species is at once distinguishable by its 

slender form, peculiar spirally elongated sharp nodes and strong 

spiral sculpture below angle, and strong incremental sculpture above
54 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALING A DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

angle. The species reminds one somewhat of P. (Drillia) torosa 

Carpenter. Named for Fresno County, in the western part of which 

is the type locality.

Type. Catalogue No. 165631, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4619, west part 

of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga (James H. 

Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Tejon formation, Eocene.

PLEUROTOMA GUIBERSONI n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 20.

Description. Shell attaining a length of at least 14 millimeters, 

narrowly spindle-shaped, prominently nodose. Whorls seven, regularly convex, each whorl carrying five or six very prominent, slightly 

oblique rounded varices; the spiral sculpture consists of a small 

sutural riblet or wavy line just below the suture, three or four prominent sharp, equidistant, widely separated spiral lines, and between 

each pair of these four to six microscopic revolving lines; suture 

deeply impressed, distinct. Canal broken and aperture covered up 

in type.

Dimensions. Longitude 13.5 mm.; latitude 5.8 mm.; longitude of 

spire above body whorl 6 mm.

Notes. This species is characterized by its moderately small size, 

very convex whorls, very prominent bulging varices and few distinct widely separated spiral lines. It is named in honor of Mr. S. 

A. Guiberson, jr., superintendent of the Associated Oil Company, 

Coalinga, Cal., to whom the writer is indebted for favors while working in the Coalinga district.

Type. Catalogue No. 165648, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4619, in the 

west part of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga 

(James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Tejon formation, Eocene.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) SPECIES.

PELECYPODA. 

Genus MULINIA Gray.

MULINIA DENSATA Conrad var. MINOR n. var.

. Plate V, figure 6. . (See alsaPL XVII, figs. 3 and 4, and PL XXI, fig. 3.)

Notes. This variety is characterized by its smaller size, and 

more inequilateral form than the typical M. densata Conrad. (Pacific Railroad Repts., vol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 12.) The typical M.
VAQUEKOS SPECIES. 55

densata is found most abundantly in the upper Miocene; var. minor 

is commoner in the lower Miocene (Vaqueros), although specimens 

indistinguishable from the Vaqueros forms are found in the Etchegoin. Mulinia densata is also known as Pseudocardium gabbi R6mond.

Type. Catalogue No. 165601 U.S.N.M., from locality 4777.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4625, "reef 

bed" in Sulphur Spring branch of Zapato Creek, in sec. 23, T. 22 S., 

R. 15 E.; locality 4627, "reef bed" just west of Tar Canyon, in north 

part of sec. 18, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4667, "reef bed" H miles 

east of Jacalitos Creek, 5£ miles southwest of Alcalde, in east-central 

part of sec. 18, T. 22 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4770, Turritella ocoyana bed 

in Canoas Creek, 1£ miles southwest of Hugo Kreyenhagen's place, 

NE. i SE. i sec. 32, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4777, "reef bed" 

on Jasper Creek, above Ramirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek 

(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson); also several localities in 

Etchegoin formation (Arnold and Anderson),

Horizon. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene, to Etchegoin 

formation, upper Miocene.

Genus MACOMA Leach. 

MACOMA PIERCEI n. sp.

Plate VII, figure 6.

Description. Shell attaining a length of 75 millimeters, oval, 

compressed, inequivalve, inequilateral, concentrically sculptured 

and with a prominent posterior dorsal ridge or fold. Beaks small, 

turned slightly forward, .situated somewhat anterior to middle; 

 anterior dorsal margin straight for a short distance and sloping at a 

moderate steep angle away from the beak, then curving gently 

around the regularly convex anterior extremity; posterior extremity 

straight, moderately angulated at juncture with rounded posterior 

extremity; in the left valve the surface is flexed downward dorsally 

in the rear, a sharply defined anterior dorsal ridge or carina marking 

the border; in the right valve the disk flexes upward dorsally in the 

rear, a sharp ridge or carina joining the beak and posterior extremity 

a short distance below the dorsal margin. Surface sculptured by 

fine, sharp, regular incremental lines.

Dimensions. Longitude 75 mm.; latitude 55 mm.; diameter of 

both valves together 14 mm.

Notes. M. piercei is more closely allied to M. secta Conrad (living 

from Strait of Fuca to Lower California) than to any other west 

coast form, but is readily distinguished from the latter by its longer 

and narrower outline, more compressed disk, more advanced position 

of the beak, and sharper anterior dorsal ridge; the sculpture of the
56 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

former is also apparently sharper and more regular than that of the 

latter species. It is named in honor of James PI. Pierce, Coalinga, 

Cal.

Type.^ A rather poorly preserved pair, catalogue No. 165595, 

U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

Locality. U. S. Geological Survey locality 4631, Turritella ocoyana 

bed, SE. i NE. £ sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles north of Coalinga 

(Ralph Arnold; James H. Pierce); locality 4633, same horizon as last, 

sec. 10, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold); locality 4861, "reef bed," 

NW. £ sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., Devils Den District, near Barton's 

cabin (0. D. Barton; H. R. Johnson; Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus SAXIDOMUS Conrad.

SAXIDOMUS VAQUEROSENSIS n. sp.

Plate VII, figure 7.

Description. Shell averaging about 70 millimeters in length, transversely oval, equivalve, inequilateral, moderately gibbous. Beak 

tumid, situated about two-fifths of the distance from anterior to 

posterior extremity, turned slightly forward; posterior dorsal margin 

nearly straight, posterior extremity oblique and meeting dorsal margin in a faint angle, lower part of posterior extremity rounded; base 

slightly but regularly rounded; anterior extremity regularly rounded, 

excavated immediately in front of beak. Surface sculptured by 

sharp, subequal incremental laminae. There is no lunule, but an 

impressed line runs part way from beak to anterior extremity and a 

broad, shallow groove extends from the beak to the posterior angle.

Dimensions. Longitude 69 mm.; latitude 45 mm.; diameter, both 

valves together, 31 mm.

Notes. This beautiful species is closely allied and is probably the 

precursor of S. nuttalli Conrad, which is found in the upper Miocene, 

Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent faunas. It is distinguished from 

the latter by its narrower outline and more regular and finer concentric sculpture. It is named for the Vaqueros formation, of which it 

is believed to be characteristic.

Type. Catalogue No. 165570, U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4627, " reef 

bed" just west of Tar Canyon, in north part of sec. 18, T. 23 S., R. 

16 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson); locality 4631, Turritella 

ocoyana bed, SE. J NE. J sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. (James H. Pierce: 

Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.
VAQUEROS SPECIES. 57 

Genus CARDIUM (Linnaeus) Lamarck. 

Subgenus TRACHYCARDIUM Morch. 

CARDIUM (TKACHYCARDIUM) VAQUEKOSENSIS Arnold.

Plate IX, figure 2.

1908. Cardium (Tr achy car dium) vaquerosensis Arnold,.Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 

August 8, 1908, p. 378, pi. 34, fig. 3.

Notes. The specimen figured in this report has four more (33) ribs 

than the type of the species, thus approaching more closely to the 

recent, G. guadrigenarium Conrad, which has about 10 more (40) ribs 

than the typical C. vaquerosensis. This fact is accounted for by the 

higher stratigraphic position of the beds from which the Coalinga 

specimen comes, namely, from the top of the Vaqueros; the type 

locality of the species is well down in the formation.

Figured specimen. Catalogue No. 165598, U.S.N.M., from locality 

4631'.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4631, Turntella ocoyana bed, in SE. J NE. J sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles 

north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Kalph Arnold); locality No. 

4860, "reef bed," Wagon Wheel Mountain, Kern County, 9 miles southeast of Dudley, NW. \ sec. 36, T. 25 S., R. 18 E. (0. D. Barton; 

H. R. Johnson; Ralph Arnold); Santa Cruz quadrangle, San Mateo 

County; locality 12, Mindego Creek, 1 mile above its confluence with 

Alpine Creek (Ralph Arnold; H. H. Holly; L. C. Mills).

Horizon. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus PHACOIDES Blainville.

Subgenus MILTHA H. & A. Adams.

PHACOIDES (MILTHA) SANCT^ECRUCIS n. sp.

Plate VI, figure 6.

Description. Shell averaging about 75 millimeters in altitude, circular in outline, compressed, concentrically striate. Beaks central, 

prominent, turned sharply toward the front. Both margins faintly 

angulated at a point down about one-fourth the distance from beak 

to base; the posterior dorsal margin the higher and more regularly 

curved; the anterior dorsal margin shorter and less regular; anterior 

extremity and base evenly rounded; posterior extremity somewhat 

truncate. Lunule rather narrow, separated from disk by impressed 

line and a more or less elevated carina; posterior area broadly 

grooved, extending from beak to extremity, separated from disk by
58 PALEONTOLOGY OP COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA. ,

a faint carina and groove. Surface sculptured by fine regular incremental lines and a few faint irregularities of growth. Hinge not 

exposed in type but believed to be similar to P. cfiildreni Gray.

Dimensions. Longitude 75 mm.; latitude 75 mm.; diameter of 

both valves 28 mm.

Notes. This species, which is not rare in many of the Vaqueros 

(lower Miocene) faunas of the Coast Ranges and is believed to extend 

to the upper Miocene and possibly lower Pliocene, is characterized by 

its large size, circular outline, slight angulation dorsally, compressed 

disk, prominent lunule and dorsal areas, and finely concentrically 

striate but otherwise unsculptured surface. It is closely allied to P. 

childreni Gray, the type of the subgenus, from the Gulf of California, 

but may be distinguished by its shorter lunule and relatively greater 

breadth. The species is named in honor of the Santa Cruz Mountains, 

where it is quite abundant in the Vaqueros formation.

Type, Catalogue No. 165569, U.S.N.M., from locality 4861, Coalinga district.

Localities. Mindego Creek (L. S. J. U. locality 12) Santa Cruz 

Mountains, San Mateo County (Ralph Arnold); United States Geological Survey locality 4861, sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., in "reef bed" 

one-fourth of a mile southeast of Barton's cabin, Devils Den district, 

Kern County (0. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold). Lower Miocene.

Fernando and Newhall, Los Angeles County (Ralph Arnold). 

Upper Miocene or lower Pliocene.

Horizon. Lower Miocene to upper Miocene and possibly lower 

Pliocene.

Genus SEPTIFER Recluz.

SEPTIFER COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Plate V, figure 4.

Description. Shell averaging about 45 millimeters in length, 

wedge-shaped, slender, convex, radially striate. Beaks subterminal, 

curved, sharp, anterior margin moderately concave, slightly angular 

at about middle; posterior margin considerably more curved than 

the anterior, slightly angulated opposite angle in anterior margin; 

base slightly convex, moderately abruptly truncated at right angles 

to margins on both sides. Surface sculptured by numerous regular, 

close-set small rounded radiating ribs and a considerable number of 

prominent lines of growth; all of the specimens examined are more 

or less decorticated and show the radial sculpture around the periphery only; the sculpture in the younger stages of growth is believed 

to be coarser than that in the later stages. Hinge without teeth, 

furnished with a lamellar septum; ligamental pits linear, marginal.
VAQUBROS SPECIES. 59

Dimensions. Longitude 45 mm.; latitude 18.5 mm.; diameter of 

both valves together, 18 mm.

Notes. This unique species is characterized by its slender form, 

regularly convex surface, and fine radial sculpture. It is closely allied 

to the recent 8. Oifurcatus Reeve (range, San Francisco to Lower California), but is narrower, more falcate, and more regularly but less 

markedly convex. It is much larger, narrower, less angulate, and 

finer sculptured than the Tejon (Eocene) 8. dichotomus Gabb.

Type. Catalogue No. 165580, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality No. 4634, hill 

south of oil well in the NE. J sec. 12, T. 21 S., R. 14 E., 3 miles 

southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

GASTEROPODA.

Genus TROPHON Montfort.

Subgenus FORRERIA Jousseaume, 1880.

TROPHON (FORKERIA) BARTONI n. sp.

Plate VII, figure 3. . '

Description. Shell averaging about 50 millimeters in length, spire 

elevated, canal long and narrow, whorls angular and prominently 

spinose. Whorls three or four, sharply angular a short distance below 

middle; upper surface smooth and nearly flat, lower surface vertical 

or sloping slightly inward, suture distinct and wavy. Sculpture consists of about seven prominent, straight, sharp spines on the angle of 

each whorl; each spine is continued below into a more or less prominently forward-flexing nodose varix, the nodes being formed by the 

crossing of several (seven on the body whorl of the type) ridges; faint 

lines of growth and minor spiral ridges also adorn the shell. Aperture ovate; canal moderately long and slightly recurved.

Dimensions. Of imperfect type, altitude 33 mm.; latitude 40 mm.; 

altitude of aperture, not including canal, 17 mm.

Notes. This species is doubtless closely allied to T. (Forreria) 

Tcernensis F. M. Anderson, described from the Vaqueros formation on 

Kern River. It may, however, be distinguished from the latter by 

its longer and sharper varices, broader outline, and more prominent 

varices and spiral ridges. It is named in honor of Prof. Orlando D. 

Barton, Dudley, Cal., to whom the writer is under the deepest obligations for assistance rendered during various expeditions in the 

region of his home.

. Catalogue No. 165571, U.S.N.M., from locality 4861.
60 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4803, " reef 

bed " about 200 feet stratigraphically above the Eocene unconformity 

on Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga, SW. \ sec. 21, T. 19 S., 

R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Frank Stokes, jr.); locality 

4861, "reef bed" in NW. \ sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., near Barton's 

cabin (0. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

TROPHON (FORRERIA) GABBIANUM F. M. Anderson var. CANCELLARIOIDES n. var.

Plate VI, figure 5.

Notes. As is indicated by the figures, T. gdbbianuma is a most variable species. The specimen from Wagon Wheel Mountain (PI. V, 

fig. 5) superficially resembles a Siphonalia, exhibits practically spineless upper whorls, a prominent overlapping carina on the upper portion of the whorl and the characteristic spiral sculpture, best 

developed below the angle. The individual obtained near Barton's 

cabin (PL VI, fig. -5) suggests a Cancellaria, has numerous sharply 

angular, well-defined spiny whorls, in addition to the peculiar spiral 

sculpture. This latter characteristic, together with certain other 

points of detail, at once disclose the identity of the various mutations. 

In recognition of the resemblance of the extremely nodose or spiny 

form to a Cancellaria the varietal name cancellarioides is proposed.

Type of variety. Catalogue No. 165605, U.S.N.M., locality 486.1.

Figured specimen of typical form. Catalogue No. 165572, locality 

4860.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4860, "reef 

bed," Wagon Wheel Mountain, Devils Den district, Kern County, 

NW. i sec. 36, T. 25 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4861, "reef bed" in NW. \

sec. 23, T. 25 S.', R. 18 E., near Barton's cabin, 6 miles south of 

Dudley (Ralph Arnold; O. D. Barton; H.R.Johnson); type locality, 

Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga (F. M. Anderson). 

Horizon. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck

CANCELLARIA ANDERSONI n. sp. 

Plate IX, figure 5.

1905. Purpura lima. F. M. Anderson (not of Martyn), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d 

ser., Geology, vol. 2,.December 4/1905, p. 202, pi. 15, figs. 62-63.

Description. Shell attaining a length of over 20 millimeters, 

broadly oval in outline, the last whorl much larger than the antecedent ones, surface cancellate. Whorls four, convex and angular, with

a Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 203, pi. 16, flgs. 79, 80.
VAQUEROS SPECIES. 61

exception of body whorl, which is, with the exception of a faint tabulation, regularly ventricose and relatively smooth. Penultimate and 

earlier whorls sculptured by several (10 in the penultimate whorl) 

prominent rounded varices which become obsolete above angle; the 

body whorl is only faintly axially ribbed, if at all, but is spirally 

sculptured, the latter sculpture becoming subdued or obsolete in the 

'upper whorls; suture distinct. Aperture oblong; outer lip simple; 

inner lip incrusted, smooth, with a prominent callus posteriorly; 

columella with two prominent oblique spiral plaits.

Dimensions. Longitude 21 mm.; latitude 12 mm.; longitude of 

spire above body whorl, 3.5 mm.

Notes. This species is characterized by its inornate body whorl 

and strongly sculptured upper whorls, and is easily distinguished by 

these characters from the other west coast species. Mr. Anderson 

was probably unable to uncover the columella of his specimen, else his 

generic determination would not have been as quoted.

Named in honor of Mr. Frank M. Anderson, Berkeley, Cal., to 

whom we are indebted for so many paleontologic data concerning 

both the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Pacific coast.

Type. Catalogue No. 165607, U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4631, Turritella ocoyana bed in SE. £ NE. £sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles 

north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold); Kern River, 

Vaqueros locality, Kern County (F. M. Anderson).

Horizon. Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.

Subgenus BATHYTOMA. 

PLEUROTOMA (BATHYTOMA) PIERCEI n. sp.

Plate IX, figure 7.

Description. Shell averaging about 50 millimeters in length, turriculated, fusiform. Whorls probably about six (type decollete) 

moderately prominently angulated about middle of whorl; posterior 

surface slightly concave, anterior surface prominently convex; the 

convexity of the posterior portion of the body whorl is most pronounced just back of the angle; body whorl regularly rounded below. 

Surface of whorls faintly spirally sculptured below; lines of growth 

are also visible in well-preserved specimens. Suture impressed, distinct. Aperture and canal imperfect but believed to be similar to 

B. carpenteriana.

Dimensions. Longitude of imperfect type 38 mm.; latitude 

19.5 mm.; longitude of restored spire above body whorl about 16 mm.

Notes. B. piercei at once suggests the group of which B. carpenteriana Gabb is by far the commonest west coast representative; it
62 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTKICT, CALIFORNIA.

may be distinguished from the latter by its relatively shorter whorls, 

much higher angle, and consequently shorter posterior portion of 

whorl; the suture is usually better marked in B. piercei than in 

B. carpenteriana, owing to the greater convexity of the basal portion 

of the whorl in the former species. B. piercei may be distinguished 

from B. carpenteriana var. fernandoana Arnold, from the Fernando 

formation (probably Pliocene portion), by its more acute spire and 

the higher position of the revolving angle on each whorl. B. piercei 

bears practically the same relation to B. carpenteriana that B. Iceepi 

Arnold, from the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) of the Santa Monica 

Mountains, bears to the recent B. tryoniana Gabb.

The species is named in honor of James H. Pierce, superintendent 

Standard Oil Company, Coalinga, Cal., whose work among the fossiliferous localities of the Coalinga district has been of the utmost assistance to the writer.

Type. Specimen from which lower portion of body whorl has been 

broken, catalogue No. 165578, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4631, Turritella 

ocoyana bed in the SE. £ NE. £ sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. ; 10 miles 

north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Near top of Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus CONUS Linnaeus.

CONUS HAYESI n. Sp.

Plate VI, figure 3.

Description. Shell averaging over 60 millimeters in length, obconic, 

whorls enrolled upon themselves, the spire short, tapering slightly 

more acutely in the younger stages of growth, shell thick. Spire elevated about one-twelfth of the length of shell above body whorl; 

whorls about seven, nearly flat, but showing a faint carina posteriorly 

next to suture; the type shows faint traces of three or four spiral 

lines; body whorl moderately sharply angulated and carrying a faint 

sutural carina, sides straight. Aperture long and narrow; the imperfect condition of the type prevents a full description of the aperture 

and canal.

Dimensions. Longitude 60 mm.; latitude 44 mm.; altitude of 

spire 5 mm.

Notes. C. Jiayesi closely resembles both the recent Gulf of California species C. fergusoni Sowerby and the tropical west American 

C. purpuraceus Broderip. It is relatively broader and slightly less 

sharply angulated than the former and is spirally sculptured above, 

while it has a less elevated spire and more sharply angulated body 

whorl than the latter. The species is supposed to be characteristic 

of the Vaqueros or lower Miocene horizon. It is named in honor of 

C. Willard Hayes, chief geologist, United States Geological Survey.
JACALITOS SPECIES. -63

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4626, "reef 

bed" on Wagon Wheel Mountain, Kern County, 10 miles south of 

Dudley; locality 4861, "reef bed" in sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., 

near Barton's cabin, which is in the NW. £ sec. 23, Kings County 

(0. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold); (?)E1 Toro, Orange County (Delos 

Arnold; Stephen Bowers).

Horizon. Vaqueros sandstone, lower Miocene.

JACALITOS (EARLY UPPER MIOCENE) SPECIES.

ECHINODERMATA. 

Genus ASTRODAPSIS Conrad.

ASTHODAPSIS JACALITOSENSIS n. Sp.

Plate XV, figure 5.

Description. Specimen similar in general aspects to A. wliitneyi 

Re"mond, but distinguished by its larger size (sometimes 80 millimeters in maximum diameter), and oblong instead of circular outline; 

the petals are also less prominently elevated and broader in jacalitosensis than in the latter.

Dimensions. Maximum diameter 80 mm.; minimum diameter 70 

mm.; maximum latitude of petals 12 mm.

Notes. As this form has a definite stratigraphic value, being so far 

as known confined to the Jacalitos formation, it has been deemed 

worthy of a specific name, although its close relationship to the previously described A. whitneyi is freely admitted. In the Coalinga 

district A. wliitneyi (see PI. XI, fig. 1) is found in the Santa Margarita(?) formation (upper middle Miocene), while A. jacalitosensis 

occurs in the Jacalitos formation, which lies stratigraphically above 

the Santa Margarita(?). Merriam 0 states that in the Mount Diablo 

region A. whitneyi probably occurs in the upper beds of the San 

Pablo formation, which would correspond to the Etchegoin of the 

Coalinga district. This discrepancy between the horizons in which 

A. whitneyi occurs in the two regions is worthy of further study. 

For a fuller discussion of the stratigraphic relations of the various 

west American sea urchins the reader is referred to papers on this 

subject by J. C. Merriam,6 C. E. Weaver, 0 and R. W. Pack.d

o Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 1, p. 167.

6 The distribution of the Neocene sea urchins of middle California and its bearing on the classification of 

the Neocene formations: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 2, May, 1898, pp. 109-118. The Tertiary 

sea urchins of middle California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 1, March C, 1899, pp. 161- 

174, pis. 21-22.

c New echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 5, 1909, pp. 

271-274, pis. 21-22.

dNotes on echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. CaJifornia, vol. 5, 

July, 1909, pp. 275-283, pis. 23-24.
64 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Type. Catalogue No. 165610, U.S.N.M., from locality 4745.

Localities. U. S. Geological Survey locality 4654, on Jacalitos 

Creek, one-half mile above the junction with Jasper Creek, on south 

side of sec. 1, T. 22 S:, R. 14 E. (A. E. Preston; Ralph Arnold); 

locality 4745, on ridge southeast of Garza Creek, in sec. 2, T. 23 S., 

R. 16 E., Kings County (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

PELECYPODA.

Genus PANOPEA Menard.

PANOPEA ESTRELLANA Conrad.

Plate XV, figure 1.

1857. Glycymeris estrellana. Conrad, Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 7, 1857, p. 194, pi. 7, 

figs. 5, 5a.

1869. Glycymeris generosa Gould, Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, p. 89, California 

Miocene records only.

1888. Glycymeris generosa Gould, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept. California State Mineralogist, 1888, p. 241, California Miocene records only.

1898. Panopea estrellanus Conrad, Dall, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4, 

1898, p. 830, California Miocene records only.

Notes. Comparisons of the type of this species (catalogue 13320 

U.S.N.M.) with specimens from the Coalinga district show the type 

to be smaller, relatively narrower, and with -the beaks much more 

anterior to the middle of the shell than in P. generosa Gould; P. 

estrellana may be distinguished from P. abrupta Conrad by its longer 

posterior extremity and more steeply sloping dorsal anterior margin.

Figured specimen. Catalogue No. 165568, U.S.N.M., from locality 

4765.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4765, just 

east of Ramirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek, Coalinga district, 

Fresno County, on west side of center of SW. i sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 

15 E. (Ralph Arnold); Estrella Valley, San Luis Obispo County, California (Pacific R. R. Expl. Exped.); ?Walnut Creek, Contra Costa 

County, ?Foxin's, Santa Barbara County (Cooper).

Horizon. Upper half of the Miocene.

Genus MACOMA Leach. 

MACOMA sp. a. 

Plate XV, figure 3.

Notes. This species, which is characterized by its short form, 

steeply sloping dorsal margins, and angulated anterior extremity, is 

believed to be characteristic of the Jacalitos. The material is in too
JACALITOS SPECIES. 65

poor a state of preservation to permit a specific diagnosis warranting 

a name.

Specimen figured. Catalogue No. 165588, U.S.N.M.

 Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4763, 200 yards 

north of Jacalitos.Creek crossing on Stone Canyon and Coalinga road 

14 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.).

Horizon. Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

MACOMA JACALITOSANA n. sp.

Plate XVI, figure 2.

Description. Shell attaining a length of 70 millimeters, oblong, 

attenuated posteriorly, inflated, inequivalve, inequilateral, surface 

smooth. Beaks slightly anterior to middle, small, tumid, curved 

slightly forward; anterior extremity regularly rounded; posterior dorsal margin only slightly curved, sloping more steeply from beak than

anterior dorsal margin; posterior extremity moderately sharply truncated near base of shell, posterior surface of right valve flexed into 

a prominent carina or fold which extends from the beak to the posterior angle at base; the carina being separated from the dorsal 

margin by a space equal in width to nearly one-third the width of 

the shell; base line curved to conform to flexure of disk, otherwise 

nearly straight; left valve flexed downward and with carina less 

prominent and nearer dorsal margin than in right. Surface sculptured 

by fine sharp incremental lines and occasional lines of interrupted 

growth.

Dimensions. Longitude 70 mm.; latitude 46 mm.; diameter of 

right valve, 15 mm.

Notes. M. jacalitosana belongs to the same general group as M. na-. 

suta Conrad (range lower Miocene to Recent) but is very much more 

inflated, narrower posteriorly, and carries the posterior carina or fold 

much farther below the dorsal margin than the latter. It is named for 

the Jacalitos formation, of which it is believed to be characteristic.

Type. Nearly perfect right valve, catalogue No. 156613, U.S.N.M.

Locality.-^-United States Geological Survey locality 4765, just east 

of Ramirez place at junction of Jacalitos Creek and Jasper Creek, 

east of Reef Ridge, on west side of center of SW. £ sec. 6, T. 22 S., 

R. 15 E., about 2,000 feet stratigraphically below summit of formation (Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; W. H. Kerr).

Horizon. Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

MACOMA VANVLECKI n. sp. 

Plate XII, figure 2; Plate XVI, figure 1.

Description. Shell averaging between 50 and 60 millimeters in 

length, elongate oval, attenuated anteriorly, beaks anterior, inequi3 Bull. 396 09 5
66 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

valve, tumid, the left valve much more tumid than the right and 

having the anterior extremity flexed upward instead of downward. 

Beak, small and not prominent, located a little over two-fifths the 

length of shell from anterior extremity; anterior dorsal margin 

faintly angulated in middle, sloping steeply downward from beak 

toward extremity which is sharply angulated at a point somewhat 

below the horizontal medial line of the valve; posterior extremity 

nearly straight; posterior extremity curved, the point of greatest 

convexity occurring above middle line of valve; base slightly curved 

and practically parallel with posterior dorsal margin except for faint 

convex curve caused by the flexing of the valve; a prominent angle 

joins the beaks and the anterior extremity; in the left valve this 

angle flexes upward, in the right valve downward. Surface smooth 

except for fine incremental lines. Hinge unknown.

Dimensions. Longitude 54 mm.; latitude 31.5 mm.; diameter, 

right valve, 7 mm.; left valve, 12 mm.

Notes, M. vanvlecki is more closely related to M. indentata Carpenter (living from San Pedro to San Diego), than to any other member of this genus from the west coast, but may be distinguished by 

its narrower outline, relatively longer anterior extremity, and less 

show of flexuosity on the anterior ventral margin. It is believed to 

be a characteristic species of the Jacalitos formation. It is named 

in honor of Robert Van Vleck Anderson, Menlo Park, Cal., the 

writer's collaborator in the Coalinga and Santa Maria oil districts.

Type. Catalogue No. 165576, U.S.N.M. from locality 4763.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4763, 200 

yards north of Jacalitos Creek crossing on Stone Canyon-Coalinga 

road, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold; Frank Stokes, 

jr.); locality No. 4765, just east of Ramirez place on forks of Jacalitos 

Creek, a short distance below Reef Ridge, on west side of center of

SW. i sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., about 2,000 feet 'stratigraphically 

below summit of formation (H. R. Johnson; Ralph Arnold; W. H. 

Kerr); northwest end of Elkhorn Plain, 1 mile south of White's 

(Ralph Arnold). 

Horizon. Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus PAPHIA Bolten.

PAPHIA JACALITOSENSIS n. sp.

Plate XVI, figure 3.

Description. Shell attaining an altitude of over 50 millimeters, 

subcircular in outline, compressed, concentrically and finely radiately 

sculptured. Beaks small, turned sharply forward, situated about 

one-third the length from anterior to posterior extremity; both
JACALITOS SPECIES. 67

anterior and posterior margins and base regularly rounded. Lunule 

small, impressed. Surface sculptured by numerous equidistant 

slightly elevated concentric laminae and numerous fine, close-set 

radiating raised lines. Hinge and interior not visible.

Dimensions. Longitude 55 mm.; altitude 57 mm.; diameter of 

both valves together, 24 mm.

Notes. This species is readily distinguishable by its moderate size, 

circular outline, compressed form, and rather inconspicuous radiating 

sculpture. It is named for the Jacalitos formation, of which it is 

believed to be characteristic.

Type. Catalogue No. 165587, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4765, on 

Ramirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek a short distance northeast 

of Reef Ridge, on west side of center of SW. £ sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E.

(Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene. 

Genus DOSINIA Scopoli.

DOSINIA JAOALITOSANA n. Sp.

Plate XVI, figure 5.

Description. Shell attaining a length of nearly 100 millimeters, 

subovate, equivalve, rather inflated, beaks anterior, surface concentrically sculptured. Beak about one-sixth the length from anterior 

end, tumid, turned prominently forward; posterior dorsal margin 

regularly rounded; posterior extremity more sharply curved; anterior dorsal margin short, excavated in front for a deep broad lunule; 

anterior extremity short, narrow and regularly rounded; base 

moderately curved. Surface sculptured by.numerous, regular, low 

rounded concentric ridges. Hinge unknown.

Dimensions. Longitude 95 mm.; latitude 83 mm.; diameter of 

single valve 23 mm.

Notes. The hinge of this species is not exposed, but from the 

characteristic, glazed, concentrically sculptured surface it seems 

almost certain that it is a Dosinia. It is characterized by its great 

size, elongate outline, anterior beak'and glazed, concentrically ridged 

surface.

D. jacalitosana is much larger, very much more elongated, and has, 

on the whole, finer concentric sculpture than D. mathewsonii Gabb 

from the lower Miocene; it is very much larger and more elongate and 

has more numerous concentric lines than D. conradi Gabb (D. alta of 

Conrad); it differs from D. montana Conrad, from the Salinas Valley, 

by its larger size, much more elongated outline and more gibbous 

disk; it differs from D. ponderosa Gray by its much more elongated
68 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

outline, more anterior beak, deeper and broader lunule, and usually 

more inflated disk. "D. longula Conrad," which is from the "bed of 

Salinas River" is probably a Callista; D. subobliqua, Conrad, of which 

the type was not examined but of which there is a figure in the 

Pacific Railroad Reports (vol. 7, pi. 6, fig. 5), is probably a CJiione, 

possibly C. temblorensis.

The species is named for the Jacalitos formation, of which it is 

believed to be characteristic.

Type. Catalogue No. 165575, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4763, 200 

yards north of Jacalitos Creek on the Stone Canyon and Coalinga 

road, on the flanks of Waltham Valley, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga 

(Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.).

Horizon. Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus THRACIA (Leach) Blainville.

THRACIA JACALITOS ANA n. sp.

Plate XVI, figure 4.

Description. Shell averaging about 50 millimeters in length, 

oblong, only slightly inflated, subequivalve, inequilateral. Beak 

small, subcentral; posterior extremity slightly shorter than anterior; 

obliquely truncated, dorsal posterior margin rather short, concave, 

joins posterior line of truncation in angle slightly greater than 90°; 

a distinct ridge joins the beak and lower posterior angle; base regularly rounded; anterior extremity angulated above where the low 

sloping dorsal margin meets the rounded anterior periphery; the 

extreme anterior end is slightly below the horizontal medial line of 

shell. Sculpture consists of incremental lines and, near the base, of 

Very faint small concentric undulations. Hinge and interior unknown,

Dimensions. Of somewhat imperfect type, longitude 51 mm.; 

latitude 44 mm.; diameter of single valve, 8 mm.

Notes. This peculiar shell recalls both TTirada and Panomya, the 

external characters of both apparently being united in it. A careful 

examination, however, leaves little doubt as to which group it properly belongs, and it is placed provisionally with Thracia. It differs 

from T. tmpezoides Conrad by its much broader outline, shorter and 

broader posterior extremity, and shorter and more concave dorsal 

posterior margin; the posterior flexure or angle is not as well developed in T. jacalitosana as in T. trapezoides. It is named for the 

Jacalitos formation, of which it is believed to be characteristic. 

 Type. An imperfect left valve, catalogue No. 165579, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4763, on 

Stone Canyon and Coalinga-road 200 yards north of Jacahtos Creek
JACALITOS SPECIES. 69

crossing, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Frank 

Stokes, jr.).

Horizon. Jacalitos formation, lower portion of upper Miocene.

GASTEROPODA. 

Genus MARGARITA Leach. 

MARGARITA JOHNSONI n. sp.

Plate XV, figure 6.

Description. Shell attaining an altitude of 6 millimeters, globularconical, umbilicated, spirally sculptured, apex subacute. Whorls 

four, slightly convex, ornamented by several (five on penultimate 

whorl of type) prominent, regular, equidistant, rounded threadlike 

spiral ridges and numerous fine sharp regular equidistant incremental 

lines which slope obliquely downward to the right. Suture impressed, rather inconspicuous. Body whorl faintly angular, ornamented on base by five or six spiral ridges only very slightly less 

'prominent than those on sides of whorls. Aperture rounded; lips 

simple; umbilicus perforate.

Dimensions. Altitude 6 mm.; latitude 6.2 mm.; altitude of body 

whorl 5 mm.

Notes. M. joJinsoni is allied to M. pupilla Gould (Recent range 

Alaska to Puget Sound), but may be distinguished by its smaller 

size, less convex whorls, less conspicuous suture, and much coarser 

but fewer spiral lines on base. The species is easily distinguishable 

from LeptotJiyra by its higher spire, perforate umbilicus, and more 

prominent oblique incremental sculpture. Believed to be characteristic of the Jacalitos formation. It is named in.honor of Mr. Harry 

Roland Johnson, of the U. S. Geological Survey.

Type. Catalogue No. 165663, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4765, on Jasper 

Creek just above its confluence with Jacalitos Creek, on west side 

of center of SW. £ sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E. About 2,000 feet stratigraphically below summit of formation. One of typical Jacalitos 

localities (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus THAIS Link.

THAIS KETTLEMANENSIS n. Sp.

Plate XV, figure 4; Plate XXI, figures 1 and la.

Description. Shell about 85 millimeters in length, broadly fusiform 

in outline, spire moderately elevated, surface sharply spirally sculptured. Whorls five, ventricose, faintly angulated in the middle and
70 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

carrying about nine low rounded nodes which become obsolete a 

short distance above and below the angle; body whorl somewhat 

more tabulated above than the others. The sculpture consists of 

three systems of prominent, squarish revolving ridges; on the body 

whorl there are two ridges of the major system above the angle, one 

line on it and seven equidistant lines below it; between each pair of 

these major ridges is a slightly less prominent ridge, and between each 

of these secondary ridges and each major ridge is still a smaller one; 

a prominent wavy sulcated sutural ridge adorns the top of the 

whorl; imbricating lamellae of growth are prominent over much of 

the surface, especially on the sutural riblet. Suture distinct, wavy. 

Aperture oval, narrowed anteriorly; canal open, slightly recurved; 

outer lip advanced anteriorly; inner lip smooth, reflected anteriorly; 

umbilicus wide, rough with lines of growth.

Dimensions. Type, from which a part of the columella is broken: 

Altitude, 82 mm.; latitude, 58 mm.; altitude of body whorl, 65 mm.; 

altitude of aperture, including canal, 45 mm.; latitude of aperture, 

25 mm.

Notes. This magnificent species, is quite different from any other 

fossil found in the Coalinga district,"and may be readily recognized 

by its large size, broadly fusiform outline, low nodes, and sharp 

spiral ridges. T. Jcettlemanensis ranges throughout the Jacalitos 

formation, the type coming from beds at the extreme top of the 

Jacalitos or the base of the Etchegoin. At the type locality it was 

associated with no other species.

Several specimens, believed to be the young of this species, were 

found at localities 4763 and 4765. They show the characteristic 

spiral sculpture and sutural riblet exhibited by the type, and in 

addition indicate that the upper whorls are crossed by prominent 

rounded varices, about 15 to a whorl, and about 8 strong rounded

revolving lines. These young specimens suggest (Jhrysodomus in 

general appearance, although the adult form bears only a remote 

resemblance to this genus. Thais was formerly known as Purpura.

Type. Catalogue No. 165585, U.S.N.M.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4680, on 

plunging anticline in central part of Kettleman Hills, 1\ miles southwest of point where the Dudley-Lemoore road enters Tulare Plain 

(Kalph Arnold); locality 4763, 200 yards north of Jacalitos Creek 

on the Stone Canyon-Coalinga road, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga 

(Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.); locality 4765, on Jasper Creek 

just above confluence with Jacalitos Creek northeast of Reef Ridge, 

on west side of center of SW. \ sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph 

Arnold).

Horizon. Jacalitos formation to basal Etchegoin, upper middle 

Miocene to upper Miocene.
ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 71

ETCHEGOIN (UPPERMOST MIOCENE) SPECIES.

PELECYPODA. 

Genus CRYPTOMYA Conrad.

CRYPTOMYA QUADRAT A n. sp.

Plate XXI, figures 2 and 2a.

Description. Shell averaging about 35 millimeters in length, subquadrate in outline, width about four-fifths the length, inequivalve, 

compressed, moderately thin. Beaks subcentral, small, very slightly 

overlapping. Left valve with anterior extremity evenly rounded, 

dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping only slightly; posterior extremity rectangularly truncated, the line of truncation joining dorsal 

and ventral margins in rounded right angles; beak and posterior extremity joined by a low broad sulcation. Right valve with shorter 

and more steeply sloping dorsal margin, and somewhat more convex 

'surface than left; sulcation not as prominently developed as in left. 

Surface of both valves prominently sculptured with irregular incremental lines and lamellae. Hinge and interior not observable, but 

believed to be similar to G. californica Conrad.

Dimensions. Longitude 35 mm.; latitude 28 mm.; diameter, both 

valves, 12.5 mm.

Notes. This species is characterized by its large size, subquadrate 

outline, and posterior sulcation. It differs from C. ovalis Conrad by 

its greater size, more rectangularly truncate posterior extremity and 

less sloping dorsal margins; it differs from the recent C. californica 

Conrad in the same way. C. ovalis has the anterior extremity evenly 

rounded rather than subangular ventrally as in C. californica, otherwise the two are similar.

Type. Catalogue No. 165525, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4665, on south 

side of White Creek, about 6 miles above junction with Los Gatos 

Creek, Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold; Robert Anderson; E. P. 

Davis).

Horizon. Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus MACTRA Linnaeus.

MACTRA COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Plate XXV, figure 4.

Description. Shell averaging about 52 millimeters in width, equivalve, trigonal in outline, rounded behind, slightly attenuated in 

front; beaks not prominent, situated slightly anterior to middle of
72 PALEONTOLOGY OP COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

shell; anterior superior margin only slightly excavated in front of 

beaks, nearly straight to anterior extremity, which is quite abruptly 

truncated; posterior inferior margin slightly curved, and merging 

imperceptibly into the regularly convex posterior extremity; basal 

margin moderately curved; Hinge and cartilage areas concealed in 

type, but believed to be similar to M.falcata Gould.

Dimensions. Longitude 65 mm.; latitude 52 mm.; anterior extremity 30 mm.

Notes. This species is closely related to M. falcata Gould from the 

Recent fauna of the west coast, but may be distinguished by its relatively broader outline and abruptly truncated anterior extremity. It 

also bears some resemblance to Spisula albaria Conrad'but is less 

ventricose, relatively narrower and more attenuated, but more abruptly truncated in front. Named for the Coalinga district, in which 

the type locality is situated.

Type. Catalogue No. 165513, U.S.N.M.,,from locality 4806.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4665, on 

south side of White Creek about 6 miles northwest of junction with 

Los Gatos Creek; locality 4762, three-fourths mile east of Elmer 

Frame's place in Waltham Creek Valley, 13 miles southwest of 

Coalinga; locality 4806, Glycymeris bed on the north side of Alcalde 

Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde; center of SW. J sec. 7, T. 21 S., 

R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and Robert 

Anderson).

Horizon. Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus TRANSENNELLA Dall.

TEANSENNELLA CALIFOKNICA n. sp.

Plate XXVI, figures 7 and 7a.

Description Shell averaging between 5 and 6 millimeters in length, 

trigonal, moderately convex, equivalve, concentrically sculptured. 

Beaks prominent, somewhat anterior to the middle, turned forward; 

anterior extremity rounded, the point of greatest curvature being the 

extreme end; posterior extremity longer than the anterior and more 

sharply curved at extreme end which lies below the middle of the 

shell; surface sculptured by numerous regularly spaced incised concentric lines. Lunule relatively large, bounded by a deeply impressed 

line. Hinge of right valve consists of three cardinals, the middle one 

the most prominent, bowed and situated immediately under the beak, 

the anterior one very short, the posterior one straight and only 

slightly inferior to the middle one; anterior sulcus short, deep, with a 

prominent tooth or process on each side; a faint groove extends posteriorly from the beak for one-third the length of shell. Internal 

muscle and pallial impressions not visible in type.
ETCHEG01N SPECIES. 73

Dimensions. Longitude 5.5 mm.; latitude 4.2 mm.; diameter of 

single valve, 1.2 mm.

Notes. T. californica is closely allied to T. tantilla Gould (formerly 

known as PsepJiis id.), the two having practically the same surface 

sculpture and general outline. T. californica, however, has a perceptibly shorter and less acute posterior extremity, a more prominent 

beak, and a more deeply sulcated and more anteriorly located forward 

cardinal tooth. The species is so far represented by but one specimen, 

which, fortunately, is a beautifully preserved right valve. It is 

named for the State of California.

Type. Catalogue No. 165553, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south 

end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19E. (0. D. Barton; H. R. 

Johnson and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Upper Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus MYTILUS (Linnaeus) Bolten.

Subgenus MYTILOCONCHA Conrad.

MYTILUS (MYTILOCONCHA) COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Plate XIX, figure 5; Plate XXII, figure 6.

Description. Shell attaining an enormous size, over 200 millimeters in length, elongate-ovate in outline, falcate toward beaks, 

gibbous, equivalve; surface comparatively smooth; shell moderately 

thick; beaks prominent, terminal, acute, ^curved sharply forward; 

posterior margin gently and regularly curved except for a faint suggestion of an angle a little above middle; base only very slightly 

curved; anterior margin gently and regularly concave; surface convex, the angle or region of greatest convexity being somewhat anterior to the middle of the shell, thus causing the anterior slope of the 

surface to be much steeper than the posterior; surface sculptured by 

numerous fine lines of growth, radiating striae, and more or less conspicuous concentric irregularities. Apical region thickened, extended; 

cardinal area exceedingly long, its width being two-thirds of its 

length, and carrying two ridges on the left valve and one on the right, 

each ridge representing teeth in the younger stages of growth; hinge 

area concentrically and radially sculptured; a deep triangular, longitudinally sulcated pit occupies the space immediately back of the 

ridged hinge area; a well-defined groove on the interior of the shell 

corresponds to the angle on the surface.

Dimensions. Longitude of fragment (type), 110 mm.; maximum 

latitude 52 mm.; maximum diameter 35 mm.

Notes. This magnificent species is easily recognized by its elongate falcate and longitudinally grooved and ridged apical region,
74 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT; CALIFORNIA.

where this is visible. It is closely allied to the type of the subgenus, 

M. (M.) incurvus Conrad, which occurs 0 in the Oligocene of Florida 

and in the Miocene from New Jersey to South Carolina, but may be 

distinguished from the latter by its greater size, broader outline, and 

prominent muscle pit just anterior to the beaks. The occurrence of 

these two closely allied and unique forms is one more piece of evidence indicating closer relations between the Atlantic and Pacific 

coast of North America during the upper Miocene than has as yet 

been definitely recognized. M. (M.) coalingensis is broader and 

more falcate toward the beaks than Mytilus maihewsonii Gabb from 

the lower Miocene; is relatively narrower and more falcate than M. 

mafhewsonii var. expansus Arnold, from the lower Miocene; and 

lacks the corrugations of M. californicus Conrad, of the recent fauna. 

It is common in the basal Etchegoin and may usually be taken as a 

good horizon marker. No perfect specimen of the species is known, 

the shells always being broken approximately in the middle or near 

the beaks. It is named for the Coalinga district.

Type. Fragment showing upper portion of a right valve, catalogue No. 165551,U.S.N.M. ; from locality 4556.

Localities. Jacalitos formation: Locality 4652, on point of ridge 

three-fourths mile south-southwest of Alcalde, one-fourth mile 

south of bend in road, Coalinga district, Fresno County, SE. £ sec. 

23, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson). Upper 

middle Miocene.

Etchegoin formation: Locality 4656, lowest Etchegoin bed, SW. \ 

sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4658, on Anticline Ridge, about 

3£ miles northwest of Kenny B. M.; locality 4660, Glycymeris bed 

just northeast of West Coalinga Oil Company's well, 2| miles 

west of Coalinga; locality 4664, north side of White Creek, about

5 miles northwest of junction with Los Gatos Creek; locality 4671,

on Anticline Ridge, about 2 miles north of Kenny B. M., 7 miles 

northeast of Coalinga; locality 4672, northeast nose of 1,200-foot 

ridge, four-fifths mile north-northwest of prominent hill on south 

side Alcalde Canyon, center of SE. \ sec. 13, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.; 

locality 4674, Glycymeris bed, halfway between Commercial Petroleum -and West Coalinga wells; locality 4688, middle of S. -| 

sec. 2, T. 20 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4693, south-central part Kettleman Hills, about 9| miles northwest of Light's place, SW. J NE. £ 

sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4715, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E., at 

south end Kettleman Hills; locality 4749, station "f," on ridge on 

south side of Garza Creek about 1 mile from Kettleman Plain, in 

NE. i sec. 1, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4750, station "g," about 

one-half mile northeast of locality 4749, SW. \ sec. 36, T. 22 S., R.

« Dall, W. H., Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 789-790.
ETCHEGOIST SPECIES. 75

16 E.; locality 4758, bed C, near top of section at Henry Spring, 

4 miles south of Coalinga, SW. 1 sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; locality 

4806, Glycymeris bed, on north side of Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles 

northeast of Alcalde, center of SW. J sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph 

Arnold and Robert Anderson). Several localities in eastern 

Monterey County (Homer Hamlin and Ralph Arnold). Upper 

Miocene.

Horizon. Upper half of the Miocene, Jacalitos, and Etchegoin 

formations, usually in the basal Etchegoin.

Genus PLACUNANOMIA a Broderip. 

PLACUNANOMIA CALIFORNICA n. sp.

Plate XXIV, figures 2, 2a, and 3.

Description. Shell averaging about 65 millimeters in length, subcircular in outline, inequivale, compressed. Right valve irregular, 

somewhat convex, the surface sculptured by numerous small, threadlike, rugose, radiating ridges and several laminae of growth; byssal 

foramen, though closed, leaves an oblique semicovered pit near the 

beak; two strong elevated rough crests the auricular crura diverge from the beak at a very acute angle; immediately behind the 

auricular crura is the broadly V-shaped scar of the byssal muscle, 

on each side of which is a deeply impressed groove, and in the middle of which is an oblique V-shaped pit which was once connected 

with the external pit forming the byssal foramen; adductor scar subcircular to irregular and equal in diameter to over one-third the 

length of shell. Left valve flat to slightly concave; surface sculpture 

similar to but less prominent than that of right valve; a broad Vshaped socket, into which the crura of the right valve fits, occupies 

the area below the beaks; adductor scar same as in right valve.

Dimensions. Altitude 66 mm.; latitude 60 mm.; diameter of 

both valves together, 17 mm. .

Notes. This rare shell, of which the type, paratype, and a fragment are the only specimens so far known, is characterized by the 

elevated auricular crura of the right valve and V-shaped socket of 

the left. .Its external sculpture is quite similar to certain specimens 

of Pododesmus (Monia) macroschisma Deshayes, found Recent and 

fossil on the Pacific coast. The only other member of the genus 

Placunanomia on the Pacific coast is the Recent P. cumingi Reeve, 

of the Recent Gulf of California province, which is characterized by 

one or two very strong plications. P. californica is thinner and more 

nearly circular in outline than P. plicata Tuomey and Holmes, of the 

upper Miocene of the Carolinas; it also has radial sculpture, which

<* See Dall, W. H., Trails. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 770-771, for description of this genus.
76 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

is lacking in the latter. It is named in honor of the State of 

California.

Type. Right valve, catalogue No. 165546, U.S.N.M.

Paratype. Left valve, same number.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south 

end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E., Coalinga district. 

(0. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold.)

Horizon. Upper portion, Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus PECTEN Miiller.

Subgenus PLAGIOCTENIUM Dall.

PECTEN (PLAGIOCTENIUM) DESERTI Conrad.

Plate XXVI, figures 3 and 4.

1855. Pecten deserti Conrad', Descr. Fos. and Shells, House Doc. 129, July, 1855, p. 15 

(fide Dall).

1856. Pecten deserti Conrad, Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 5, 1856, p. 325, pi. 5. fig. 41. 

1888. Pecten deserti Conrad, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept. California State Mineralogist,

for 1887, p. 257. 

1894. Pecten (Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad, Dall, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci.,

vol. 3, pt. 4, 1898, p. 703. 

1906. Pecten (Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad, Arnold, Prof. Paper TJ. S. Geol. Survey

No. 47, 1906, p. 85, pi. 26, figs. 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, and 4a.

Notes. Some of the specimens of this species from the Kettleman 

Hills (locality 4715) are indistinguishable from individuals from the 

type locality on Carrizo Creek, San Diego County. The Kettleman 

Hill specimens vary in size considerably, the largest one in hand 

attaining an altitude of over 50 millimeters. A prominent characteristic which is developed in some of the Carrizo Creek shells, but is 

more common in the Kettleman Hills individuals, is the occurrence 

of one to three radiating lines or riblets in the bottom of each interspace or on the lower portions of the ribs in the later stages of growth. 

There is also a noticeable tendency for the disks to become contracted 

or show lines of interrupted growth from a diameter of about 25 

millimeters upward.

Figured specimens. Catalogue No. 165518, U.S.N.M., from locality 

4715.

Localities. In the Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene, Coalinga 

district, at United States Geological Survey locality 4712, east of 

Zapato Creek, three-fourths mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's house, SW. £ SE. J sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Fresno County); 

locality 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. 

(Kings County). In the Carrizo Creek beds, upper Miocene, San Diego
ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 77

County, at east end of Carrizo Mountain, and at Ulsa oil well, north 

of the Mexican boundary (Conrad; H. W. Fairbanks; S. Bowers; 

W. C. Mendenhall).

Horizons Upper Miocene.

Subgenus' CHLAMYS Bolten. 

PECTEN (CHLAMYS) WATTSI Arnold var. ETCHEGOINI F. M. Anderson.

1905. Pecten etchegoini Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci.,3d ser., Geology, vol.2, 

p. 198, pi. 18, figs. 92-93, Dec. 4, 1905.

1906. Pecten (Chlamys) wattsi var. morani Arnold, Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey 

No. 47, 1906, pp. 121-122, pi. 10, figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6.

This variety is characterized by a lack of the concentric constrictions common in the typical form. As Anderson's name antedates 

the writer's variety morani, it will have to replace the latter. (See 

Pi. XXVII, figs, l and 2, for typical P. wattsi Arnold.)

Localities, United States Geological Survey locality 4712, east 

side Zapata Creek, three-fourths mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's house, Coalinga district, Fresno County, SW. J SE. \ sec. 8, 

T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (F. M. Anderson; Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson). T. H. Moran's place, SW. \ sec. 14, T. 20 S., R. 12 E., Priest 

Valley, Monterey County (Homer Hamlin and Ralph Arnold).

Genus OSTREA Linnaeus. 

OSTREA VESPERTINA Conrad.

Plate XXIV, figures 4 and 5.

1853. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Jour. Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2,

p. 300, Jan., 1853. 

1856. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 5, p. 325-326, pi. 5, figs. 36,

37, 38.

1869. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, pp. 34, 106, pi. 11, fig.^9. 

1869. Ostrea vespertina Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, p. 107. 

1888. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept., California State Mineralogist,

p. 256.

1888. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Cooper, ibid., p. 256. 

1895. Ostrea haitensis Ball (not Sowerby, 1850), Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3,

pt. 4, p. 685 (California references only). 

1907. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, June 15, 1907,

p. 544, pi. 49, fig. 1. 

1907. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 309, Oct. 23, 1907,

p. 250, pi. 39, fig. 1, .

1907.'0strea veatchii Gabb, Arnold,. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 50, pt. 4, Dec. 13, 

1907, p. 445, pi. 56, fig. 10.

1908. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 322, Jan. 4, 1908, 

p. 148, pi. 23, fig. 10.
78 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT; CALIFORNIA.

Description. This species attains a length of about 70 to 80 millimeters, and is characterized by its oblong to subfalcate outline, 

sharply plaited surface of both valves, and more or less prominent 

beaks.

Dimensions. Longitude 50 mm.; latitude 38 mm.; diameter of 

single valve, 17 mm.

Notes.-. The writer can not agree with Dall a in assigning 0. vespertina 

Conrad and 0. veatcliii Gabb to the synonymy of 0. Tiaitensis Sowerby, 

although it is evident to the most casual observer that 0. vespertina 

and 0. veatchii are the same species. The association of each of these 

last two with faunas having several other species in common adds 

weight to the argument that the beds on Carrizo Creek from which 

0. vespertina were originally described, and the beds along the .Pacific 

coast of California and Lower California, where 0. veatchii are abundant, are not far separated geologically.

An examination of the material in the United States National 

Museum discloses the following facts as interpreted by the writer: 

0. vespertina is smaller, relatively much narrower, and usually more 

falcate in outline and carries plaits more regular in size and generally 

fewer in number than 0. haitensis. The former occurs in the upper 

Miocene and lower Pliocene on the Pacific coast, while the latter is 

found in the Oligocene of the West Indies and Florida.

0. vespertina is, however, very closely allied to 0. sculpturata 

Conrad, which occurs b in the Miocene from Virginia to Florida and 

in the Pliocene of South Carolina and Florida. 0. vespertina is distinguished from 0. atwoodi Gabb, from the lower Etchegoin, by its 

fewer but more prominent plications and by the sculptured condition 

of both valves instead of one, as in the latter.

Specimens figured. Catalogue No. 165536, U.S.N.M., from 

locality 4715.

Localities. Carrizo Creek, San Diego County, at localities 2673, 

3921, and 3922 (W. C. Mendenhall; Stephen Bowers); near Camulos, 

Ventura County (W. L. Watts); Coalinga district, Fresno, Kings, 

and Kern counties; locality 4708, in Area bed, 4 miles southeast of 

the northwest end of Kettleman Hills, east side of sec. 32, T. 21 S., 

R. 17 E.; locality 4711, in layer 50 feet above Area bed at same 

locality as 4758; locality 4712, east of Zapato Creek, three-fourths 

mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's house, SW. J SE. I sec. 8, 

T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, 

T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4722, in upper Mya bed, three-fourths 

mile southeast of A. Kreyenhagen's, northwest corner of sec. 16, 

T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4728, just below Anodonta bed, on northeast border of Kettleman Hills, nearly 6 miles east-southeast of 

northwest end of hills, in north part of sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.;

a Dall, W. H., op. cit., p. 085. b Call, W. H., op. cit., p. 680'.
ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. ' 79

locality 4758, near top of section at Henry Spring, 4 miles south of 

Coalinga, SW. J sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4778, oyster bed, 

just below Mya bed, three-fourths mile southeast of A. Kreyenhagen's house, west side of sec. 9, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Ralph Arnold 

and Robert Anderson). Upper Miocene.

Cerros Island, and near Loreto, Lower California (Dr. J. A. Veatch); 

Pacific Beach, Russ School, San Diego well, San Diego County 

(Henry Hemphill: W. H. Dall; Homer Hamlin; Delos and Ralph 

Arnold, and others); Third street tunnel, Los Angeles oil wells, 

Brown Canyon, Los Angeles County (Homer Hamlin; W. L. Watts); 

locality 4473, Waldorf asphalt mine, 3 miles south-southeast of 

Guadalupe; and locality 4474, railroad cut 1 mile north of Schumann, 

Santa Barbara County (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson). Lower 

Pliocene.

Horizon. Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene; 

lower portion of Fernando formation, which extends from the upper

Miocene to the Pleistocene; San Diego formation, lower Pliocene.

OSTREA VESPERTINA Conrad Vai'. SEQUENS 11. Vai1 . 

Plate XXIX, figures 5 and 6.

Description. Shell averaging about 42 millimeters in length, subcircular in outline, irregular, plaited, usually with three major plaits, 

each of these sometimes sulcate or divided into minor plaits; foliaceous lines of growth not as prominent as in many species of Ostrea; 

beak prominent, curved toward right when viewed from exterior. 

Right valve nearly flat or only slightly folded, the plaits practically 

obsolete; incremental laminae as in left valve; hinge not strong, subdentate laterally in left valve; muscle scars prominent.

Dimensions. Longitude 45 mm.; latitude 43 mm.; diameter of 

both valves together, about 15 mm.

Notes. This species is smaller, thinner, more circular in outline, 

and decidedly less plaited than the typical 0. vespertina. The right 

valve of 0. vespertine, var. seguens is less ornate than the same valve 

in 0. vespertina. 0. vespertina var. seguens is found in the beds at the 

extreme top of the Etchegoin formation and lived during the period 

of unstable conditions, when the great inland sea of Etchegoin time 

was giving place to the great fresh-water Tulare lake which followed. The waters during this period of change were doubtless 

transformed from salt through brackish to fresh, and the poor development of this oyster, which, though living in great numbers, never 

attained the size of its predecessor, 0. vespertina, was doubtless due 

to this changing environment. There is evidence also to show that 

the water was colder as well as less saline in the period during which 

0. vespertina var. seguens lived; and this, also, may account for some
80 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALIFGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

of the differences between the typical and varietal form. 0. vespertina lived in decidedly marine conditions, and is found in beds immediately underlying those in which the variety occurs. The fact that 

the variety is found in beds younger than those in which the typical 

form abounds led to the adoption of the varietal name, sequens. 

The shells of this variety are gathered in large quantities and used for 

chicken feed by the residents of this region.

Type. Left valve, catalogue No. 165545, U.S.N.M., from locality 

4728.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4702, southcentral part of Kettleman Hills, 5J miles N. 20° W. of Light's place, 

NW. i NW.. i sec. 25, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4716, near north 

end of Kettleman Hills, 1|- miles north-northwest of 1,244-foot hill, 

in bed below flinty white shale, east of center of SW. \ sec. 20, T. 

21 S., R. 17 E.; locality 4718, main ridge of Kettleman Hills, central 

part, 8 miles northwest of Light's place, east side of sec. 11, T. 23 

S., R. 18 E.; locality 4723, south group of Kettleman Hills, in Mya 

bed, one-half mile east-southeast of Light's place; south side of 

SE. £ sec. 17, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4725, east side of Kettleman 

Hills, immediately west of where Dudley-Lemoore road enters plain 

west of Tulare Lake, SW. comer of sec. 8, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.; locality 

4728, just below Anodonta bed on northeast border of Kettleman 

Hills, nearly 6 miles east-southeast of northwest end, in north part of 

sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Extreme top of the Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene, just below Tulare bed (Anodonta fresh-water bed).

Genus GLYCYMERIS Da Costa.

GLYCYMERIS COALINGENSIS n. sp,

Plate XIX, figure 3.

1905. Pectunculus septentrionalis Anderson (not Middendorf), Proc. California Acad. 

Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 197, pi. 17, figs. 86, 87, not text.

Description. Adult shell averaging about 40 millimeters in altitude, 

suborbicular in outline, equivalve, moderately convex, beaks central, 

surface radiately ribbed. Beaks small, projecting only slightly 

beyond dorsal margin; anterior dorsal margin sloping slightly more 

steeply than posterior. Surface sculptured by 34 well-defined, 

squarish, radiating ribs, separated by canal-like interspaces, each about 

as wide as a rib; the ribs and interspaces become narrower and finally 

obsolete near the anterior and posterior margins, and also flatten out 

and become less regular and less well denned in the later stages of 

growth; the incremental lines are imbricating, sharp and wavy, and, 

where the surface is slightly worn, loop downward in more or less
ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 81

regular festoons in the interspaces, this being one of the unique 

characteristics of the species. Ligamental area divaricately and 

sharply striate. Hinge with a semicircular row of transverse teeth, 

which in the adult shell are partially obliterated by encroachment of 

the ligamental area; the anterior portion of the hinge usually carries 

1 or 2 more teeth than the posterior.

Dimensions. Altitude 42 mm.; latitude 42 mm.-; diameter of both 

valves together, 22.5 mm.

Notes. The separation of the different forms of this genus is usually 

attended with much difficulty arid uncertainty, owing to the worn 

condition of the surface in most specimens, especially in those available for study. A comparison of G. coalingensis with some of the 

recent and fossil species in the collections of the National Museum 

discloses the following differences: G. coalingensis is relatively 

smaller, higher, and more convex and has relatively 'higher but

narrower ribs than G. gabli Dall from the Empire formation at 

Coos Bay; it is more convex and has less prominent beaks, but 

more and narrower ribs than G. conradi Dall from the Empire beds, 

Coos Bay; it closely resembles G. grewinglci Dall from the Coos 

Bay Empire beds, but has much wider interspaces and relatively 

narrower and taller ribs than the latter and lacks the fine superficial radial striae; it is smaller, more symmetrical, and has entirely 

different sculpture from G. Iranneri Arnold from the Vaqueros, 

lower Miocene, of the Coast Kanges; it differs from the recent 

G. septentrionalis Middendorf by its larger size, more symmetrical 

outline, and wider interspaces, and also in lacking the superficial 

radial striae of this last-mentioned species and also of the Recent 

G. intermedia Broderip and the Pleistocene G. larbarensis Conrad; it 

is also less convex and more symmetrical and has wider interspaces 

than either of the latter. A recent shell in a box labeled G. sep- 

'tentrionalis Middendorf var. subolsoletus Carpenter (U.S.N.M. 

catalogue No. 15475), from Neah Bay, Washington, has the widely 

separated ribs of G. coalingensis, but is narrower than the latter 

and has its anterior dorsal margin sloping more steeply. The" 

species is named in honor of the Coalinga district, in which it is found 

abundantly at several localities.

Type. Catalogue No. 165526, U.S.N.M., from locality 4806.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4656, lowest 

Etchegoin bed, in SW. i sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality 

4661, Glycymeris bed, in NW. J sec. 29, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality 

4664, north side of White Creek about 5 miles northwest 6f junction 

with Los Gatos Creek; locality 4672, northeast nose of 1,200-foot 

ridge, four-fifths mile north-northwest of prominent hill on south 

side of Alcalde Canyon, 3£ miles south-southwest of Coalinga, center 

88866 Bull. 396 09 G ' 
82 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

of SE. 1 sec. 13, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.; locality 4750, station "g" on 

ridge on south side of Garza Creek, SW. | sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; 

locality 4756, bed "A," near Henry Spring, 4 miles south of Coalinga, 

SW. 1 sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4758, bed U C," 500 feet 

stratigraphically above bed "A," same locality as 4756; locality 

4762, three-fourths mile east of Elmer Frame's house, in Waltham 

Valley, 13 miles southwest of Coalinga; locality 4806, Glycymeris 

bed on north side Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde, 

center of SW. J sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district 

(Ralph Arnold, F. M. Anderson, and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene, usually in the 

basal portions.

GLYCYMERIS SEPTENTKIONALIS Middendorf. 

Plate XX, figures 3 and 3a.

1849. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf, Beitr. Mal. Boss, vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 21,

figs. 1 to 3. 

1856. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf, Carpenter, Brit. Assn. Kept., 1856,

p. 219. 

1903. Glycymeris septentrionalis Middendorf, Arnold, Mem. California Acad. Sci.,

vol. 3, 1903, p. 101, pi. 18, fig. 10. 

1905. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf, Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci.,

3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 197. (Not pi. 17, figs. 86, 87=Gr. coalingensis

Arnold, n. sp.)

This species, which is found living in the Strait of Juan de Fuca 

and northward, is characterized by its subangular outline, close-set 

ribs, and minute superficial radial striae. It is smaller than G. 

coalingensis and less symmetrical in outline. G. grewinglci Dall from 

the Empire formation at Coos Bay is very closely related to G. 

septentrionalis, the only points of difference being the slightly larger

size, slightly less angular anterior extremity, and the 5 or 6 more 

ribs of the former.

Figured specimen. Catalogue No. 165527, U.S.N.M., from locality 

4806.

Localities. In the Etchegoin: Coalinga district at United States 

Geological Survey locality 4657, bed just above bed "A," near south 

side of SW. £ sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4659, Anticline Ridge, 

4 miles northwest of Kenny bench mark and 6 miles northeast of 

Coalinga; locality 4660, Glycymeris bed, about 2£ miles west of 

Coalinga; locality 4662, basal Etchegoin beds at north edge of White 

Creek basin, one-half mile west of White Creek and three-fourths 

mile southwest of Michigan Oil Company's well, center of NW. £ sec. 

16, T. 19 S., R. 13 E.; locality 4673, at elevation of 1,600 feet on 

ridge on west side of prominent hill 1 mile southeast of Alcalde, center of NE. \ sec. 24, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.; locality 4684, south-central
ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 83

part of Kettleman Hills, about 11 miles northwest of Light's place, 

center of SW. i sec. 35, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4806, Glycymeris 

bed on north side of Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles northeast. of Alcalde, 

center of SW. £ sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (F. M. Anderson, Ralph 

Arnold, and Robert Anderson.)

In the upper San Pedro formation: Pleistocene, at San Pedro,. Cal. 

(Delos and Ralph Arnold); Recent from Strait of Fuca north to 

Ukamok Island and coast of Alaska (Carpenter, J. G. Swan, and 

others).

Horizon. Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene; San Pedro formation, Pleistocene; Recent.

. GASTEROPODA. 

Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson.

CALLIOSTOMA COALINGENSIS n. sp. 

Plate XXVII, figure 7.

Description. Shell averaging about 20 millimeters in altitude, 

trochiform, conical, not umbilicated; apex subacute. Whorls five 

or six; moderately convex, enlarging rapidly anteriorly, the body 

whorl being nearly twice as wide as the penultimate whorl; a narrow 

revolving band at the top of the whorl gives it a faint tabulate appearance; body whorl flat to slightly concave above, moderately sharply 

angulated below. The sculpture of the penultimate whorl usually 

consists of about five sharp revolving ridges'or lines, the upper and 

middle ones the more prominent; the ribs above the middle of the 

whorl, especially the uppermost one, are often more or less nodose; 

the interspaces are concave, smooth, and each usually carries a fine 

intercalary; fine incremental lines are visible on well preserved portions of the surface; sculpture of other whorls similar to that of 

penultimate except number of spiral ridges variable. The suture is 

quite sharply impressed and distinct;' aperture subquadrangular; 

lip simple; columella concealed in type.

Dimensions. Altitude 21 mm.; latitude 20 mm.; altitude of body 

whorl, 15 mm.; altitude of aperture, 10 mm.

Notes. This species is closely allied to the Recent Calliostoma costata Martyn (range, Puget Sound to Catalina Island), from which it 

differs by its relatively lower spire, more convex and angulated 

whorls, narrower, more numerous, more markedly unequal, and often 

sligthly nodose revolving ribs. It is named after the Coalinga 

district.

Type. Catalogue No. 165499, U.S.N.M., from United States Geological Survey locality 4758,
84 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTBICT, CALIFOBNIA.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4710, second 

ravine branching north from Zapato Creek, below A. Kreyenhagen's 

place, west-central part of NE. £ sec. 5, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 

4758, bed "C," immediately east of Henry Spring, 4 miles south 

of Coalinga, SW. | sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold and 

Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Pecten coalingaensis horizon near top of Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

CALLIOSTOMA KEREI n. sp.

. Plate XXVII, figure 6.

Description. Shell averaging about 18 millimeters in altitude, 

trochiform, conical, not umbilicated, spiral sculpture nodose; apex 

subacute. Whorls five, with straight sloping sides, enlarging rapidly 

anteriorly, the body whorl being nearly twice as wide as the penultimate whorl; the angle of the body whorl is quite sharp and the 

base nearly flat. The sculpture consists of more or less nodose 

revolving ridges; on the penultimate whorl of the type are four 

major ridges, and intercalaries between each pair of these except 

the bottom pair; there are also the same number of major ridges on 

the body whorl but the intercalaries are more nearly equal to them, 

and an intercalary also appears between the lower pair; the upper 

two ridges are usually more nodose than the lower. The suture is 

moderately impressed and very distinct, giving the top of the whorl 

a semitabulate appearance and the base an excavated aspect; the 

base of the body whorl is ornamented by about nine concentric 

ridges, the outer three or four and the inner two are the most prominent and somewhat rougher than the remainder, which are squarish 

and partly smooth; occasional intercalaries and numerous microscopic revolving striae occur between the ribs on the base; fine incremental lines are visible over most of the surface of the shell. Aperture subquadrangular; lips simple, thin; columella simple and may 

possibly be toothed in front.

Dimensions. Altitude, 18.5 mm.; latitude, 19 mm.; altitude erf 

body whorl, 13 mm.; altitude of aperture, 8 mm.

Notes. This species is closely allied to the recent C. variegatum 

Carpenter (range, Strait of Fuca to Point Conception) from which 

it may be distinguished by its relatively broader outline, more nearly 

flat base, less prominently nodose revolving sculpture, and smaller 

and smoother concentric ribs on the base; also by the greater inequality between the outer and inner basal ribs on the one hand and 

the intermediate ones on the other. It is named in honor of Judge 

W. H. Kerr, Coalinga, Cal., who has assisted the writer during his 

investigations in this district,
ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 85

Type. Catalogue No. 165500, U.S.N.M., from locality 4758.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4693, southcentral part of Kettleman Hills, about 9f miles northwest of Light's 

place, SW. I NE. I sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4712, east of 

Zapato Creek and three-fourths mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's home, SW. { SE. i sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4758, 

immediately east of Henry Spring, 4 miles south of Coalinga, in bed 

"A," SW. i sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E., all in the Coalinga district 

(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Micoene.

Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck.

TURBITELLA VANVLECKI n. sp. 

Plate XXII, figure 3.

Description. Adult shell at least 75 millimeters in length, elongated, with acute apex. Whorls 10 or more, regularly and moderately convex, the convexity becoming accentuated near each margin 

where it bows over into the suture, thus giving the whorls a narrow 

tabulate appearance above and below. Sculpture consists of five 

equidistant rounded revolving ribs, the middle one of which is 

slightly more prominent than the others, and a single rounded riblet 

in each interspace; oblique lines of growth are noticeable in the later 

whorls, but are invisible in the earlier stages of growth. Suture 

deeply impressed. Aperture between rounded and subquadrate in 

outline; lip simple; columella short and not flattened.

Dimensions. Type, which is broken: Longitude 57 mm.; latitude 

21 mm.; longitude of body whorl, 22 mm.; longitude of aperture, 

10 mm.

Notes. This species, of which the type is poorly preserved, is 

characterized and may be distinguished by its deeply impressed 

suture, regularly and moderately convex whorls, and regular spiral 

sculpture. It reminds one more of certain varieties of Turritella 

uvasana Conrad, from the Eocene, than, any other of the west coast 

Tertiary species, although it may readily be separated from the latter 

by its intercalated riblets. It is named in honor of Robert Van 

Vleck Anderson, Menlo Park, Cal., the writer's collaborator in the 

work in the Coalinga district.

Type. Catalogue No. 165496, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4658, Anticline 

Ridge, northeast of Coalinga and 3£ miles northwest of Kenny bench 

mark, in NE. £ sec. 3, T. 20 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert 

Anderson); 3 miles north of Bradley, Monterey County (Robert 

Anderson).

Horizon. Near the base of the Etchegoin formation, upper 

Miocene.
86 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA. .

Genus LITTORINA Ferussac.

LlTTOEINA MARIANA n. Sp. 

Plate XXIX, figure 1.

Description. Shell averaging about 15 millimeters in altitude, turbinated, thick, pointed. Whorls four, moderately convex, enlarging 

rapidly anteriorly, the whole body being almost twice as wide as the 

penultimate; a faint spiral groove adorns each whorl immediately 

in front of the suture and gives'the shell a slightly tabulate appearance. The sculpture consists of very faint incremental lines and 

about seven or eight narrow impressed lines, separated by much 

broader smooth bands, these latter sometimes carrying faint spiral 

sculpture. Suture appressed and distinct. Aperture rounded; 

outer lip acute, and having a slightly flaring appearance when viewed 

from within; columella rather flattened and imperforate.

Dimensions. Altitude 14.5 mm.; latitude 11.5 mm.; altitude of 

body whorl, 10.2 mm.; altitude of aperture, 8.5 mm.

Notes. This species is characterized by its large size as compared 

with many members of the genus, by its spiral sculpture, and by its 

extreme variability in height. It is very closely allied to L. grandis 

Middendorf, but may be distinguished from the latter by its somewhat slenderer form and coarser sculpture. Its affinity to this 

northern species is evidence in favor of subboreal conditions in the 

Goalinga region during the late Miocene. L. mariana is also closely 

related to L. petricola Dall, from Fossil Rock, Coos Bay, Oregon, but 

may be distinguished from the latter by its smaller size, thinner shell, 

slenderer outline, and less prominent spiral sculpture. L. mariana 

is usually associated with Mya japonica Jay, Macoma inguinata 

Deshayes, and Ostrea vespertim Conrad var. seguens n. var. Named

in honor of Mrs. Maria M. Kreyenhagen, Coalinga, Cal., who has 

materially assisted the writer in making collections from this region.

Type. Catalogue No. 165481, U.S.N.M., from U. S. G. S. locality 

4718.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4701, southeast-central part of Kettleman Hills, on Dudley-Lemoore road, Similes northeast of Light's place, sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.; locality 

4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, in sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; 

locality 4718, main ridge of Kettleman Hills, central part, on summit of 1,020-foot hill, 8 miles northwest of Light's place, east side of 

sec. 11, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4720, south side of 555-foot hill, 

1 mile due north of Light's place, in center of SW. \ sec. 8, T. 24 S., 

R. 19 E.; locality 4722, south side of Zapato Creek, f mile southeast 

of A. Kreyenhagen's place, northwest corner of sec. 16, T. 22 S., R.
ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 87

16 E.; locality 4723, south group of Kettleman Hills, on point onehalf mile east-southeast of Light's place, south side of SE. £ sec. 17, T. 

24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4724, main ridge, south group of Kettleman 

Hills, seven-eighths mile southeast of Light's place, NW. £ SE. | sec. 

20, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4730, central part of Kettleman Hills, 

on summit of 1,030-foot hill on main ridge, 9| miles northwest of 

Light's place, center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; all in Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson, 1907).

Horizon. Upper Mya horizon at top of Etchegoin formation, top 

of upper Miocene.

LlTTORINA MARIANA Var. ALTA n. Vai1 . 

Plate XXIX, figure 2.

Description. This variety differs from the typical mariana in having a much higher spire, less convex whorls, and Usually less prominently spirally sculptured body whorl.

Dimensions. Altitude 17 mm.; latitude 10.4 mm.; altitude of 

body whorl, 12 mm.; altitude of aperture 9 mm.

Type. Catalogue No. 165487, U.S.N.M., from United States 

Geological Survey locality 4730, in central part of Kettleman Hills, 9| 

miles northwest of Light's place, center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E, 

Coalinga district.-

Localities. Associated with Littorina mariana n. sp. at the localities mentioned under that species. (See preceding page.)

Genus TROPHON Montfort. 

Subgenus FORRERIA Jousseaume, 1880. 

TROPHON (FORRERIA) COALINGENSE n. sp.

Plate XXII, figure 4.

Description. Adult shell attaining over 75 millimeters in length, 

oblong, oval to fusiform, spire tall, apex subacute. Whorls, five or 

more, sharply angulate a little anterior to middle, tabulate above, 

very slightly convex below. Sculpture consists of numerous (15 

on penultimate whorl of type) straight varices and one sharp spiral 

ridge near base of whorl; the varices become more numerous, more 

irregular in size and less regularly spaced on the body whorl; the varices 

become faintly spinose on the angle, this characteristic being more 

pronounced in the later stages of growth, especially on the body 

whorls of adults; at the base of the body whorl is a very pronounced 

stricture or canal, in which the lines of growth protrude as much as 

5 millimeters toward the front; the body whorl usually carries three
88 PALEONTOLOGY OP COALINGA DISTRICT, .CALIFORNIA.

or four prominent sharp spiral ridges above this stricture. Aperture 

ovate; outer lip simple; canal turned toward left; columella silicate. 

at base. 

 Dimensions. Of imperfect type, longitude 65 mm.; latitude 45 mm.

Notes. This fine species, which appears to be the descendant of 

T. (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb, resembles T. stuarti Smith in certain external characteristics. It differs from the former in its smaller 

size, slenderer outline, more numerous and less spinose varices and 

the prominent spiral ridge near base of whorl; it differs from T. 

stuarti in being larger in size, broader in outline, and in having more 

numerous but generally less elevated varices.

Named for the Coalinga district, in which it is believed to be characteristic of the Etchegoin formation.

Type. Catalogue No. 165540, U.S.N.M., from locality 4857.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4749, on 

ridge on south side of Garza Creek, at station "f," in NE. £ sec. 1, 

T. 23 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4857, extreme southeastern end of Kettleman Hills, in sees. 11 and 12, T. 25 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold and 

Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus NASSA Lamarck. 

NASSA CALIFORNIANA Conrad var. COALINGENSIS n. var.

Plate XXVII, figure 9.

Description. Shell averaging from 30 to 35 millimeters in length 

and having the general characteristics of outline and cancellate sculpture of the typical N. californiana, but being slenderer, constricted 

below the sutural riblet in the later stages of growth, having more 

prominently tabulate whorls, and having practically no axial sculpture on the major part of the body whorl.

Dimensions. Longitude 32 mm.; latitude 16 mm.; longitude of 

body whorl 21.5 mm.; longitude of aperture, including canal, 16 mm.

Notes. This elongated, peculiarly constricted variety is found 

replacing the typical form in certain of the Etchegoin faunas of the 

Coalinga district. A similar variety is known from other localities 

outside the Coalinga region.

Type. Catalogue No. 165511, U.S.N.M., from locality 4758.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4657, near 

south side of the SW. i sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4659, in 

Glycymeris bed, on Anticline Ridge, northeast of Coalinga and 4 miles 

northwest of Kenny bench mark, SW. | sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; 

locality 4670, Kettleman Hills, at southernmost end, 5i miles southeast of Light's place, in center of sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality 

4673, on ridge west of 1,900-foot hill, 1 mile southeast of Alcalde, center
ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 89

of NE. 1 sec. 24, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.; locality 4712, east of Zapato 

Creek, one-half mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's house, 

SW. i SE. 1 sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4758, bed "C," near top 

of section at Henry Spring, 4 miles south of Coalinga, SW. £ sec. 18, 

T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and 

Robert Anderson). 

Horizon. Ranges through Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus THAIS Link. 

THAIS ETCHEGOINENSIS n. sp.

Plate XVIII, figure 2.

Description. Shell averaging about 40 millimeters in length, 

oblong-oval in shape, last whorl large, spire short, apex subacute, 

shell thick. Whorls five, very moderately convex, slightly compressed a little above middle, giving whorls a faint 'carinate appearance. Sculpture consists of well-defined incremental lines sloping 

downward obliquely toward the right; very faint spiral sculpture is 

visible q'n the lower half of the body whorl, becoming quite distinct 

at the base of the canal. Suture distinct, appressed. Aperture oval, 

broadest anteriorly; outer lip slightly flaring, subdentate internally; 

inner lip smooth; columella flattened, showing an umbilical groove 

between lip and twisted carina of columella. Canal short, curved 

backward from aperture. >

Dimensions. De'collete type: Longitude 38 mm.; latitude 28 mm.; 

longitude of body whorl 32 mm.; longitude of aperture, including 

canal, 24 mm.

Notes. This solid little shell is closely allied to the variable T. 

crispatus Chemnitz (commonly known as Purpura crispata), but is 

much smoother than any of the specimens of the latter species found 

in the large series in the United States National Museum. It is also 

more solid and has a relatively shorter canal than most of the specimens of T. crispatus examined. It is distinguishable from T. trancosana Arnold, from the Pliocene of the Santa Cruz Mountains, by its 

more convex whorls, less pronounced spiral sculpture, and longer 

aperture and canal. It is named in honor of the Etchegoin formation, of which it is believed to be characteristic.

Type. Catalogue No. 165533, U.S.N.M., from locality 4697.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4695, south 

group of Kettleman Hills, about 3£ miles S. 65° E. of Light's place, 

NE. i SE. i sec. 27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4697, near south end 

of Kettleman Hills, about 4 miles S. 20° E. of Light's place, on west 

side of sec. 3, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4712, east of Zapato Creek, 

three-fourths mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's house, SW. £ 

SE. i sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.
90 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINOA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.

PLEUROTOMA COALINGENSIS n. sp. 

Plate XXII, figure 2.

Description. Shell averaging about 20 millimeters in length, terriculated, fusiform, prominently spirally and axially sculptured; apex 

acute. The whorls are eight or nine in number, prominently angulated just above the middle, concave and comparatively smooth posteriorly and overlapping sinuously upon the antecedent whorl; lower 

part of whorl convex and strongly sculptured; body whorl sharply 

angulated near posterior margin, regularly and moderately convex 

below angle. The axial sculpture consists of very prominent, rounded 

ribs (10 on penultimate whorl of type), which slope slightly obliquely 

from just above the angle downward to the left as far as the suture; 

sharp incremental lines are more or less prominent on the body whorl, 

and also posterior to the angle on the other whorls. The spiral sculpture on each whorl consists of two prominent rounded ridges, separated by an interspace of equal width to the ridges; below these and 

sometimes above also, is a less prominent ridge, the lower one sometimes overlapped by the following whorl; the body whorl and columella combined carry about 16 subequal, equidistant prominent 

revolving ribs, those on the base of the columella being the smaller. 

Aperture narrow, elliptical; posterior sinus very marked; anterior 

sinus short and curved backward; outer lip thin, prominently convex 

forward, retreating rapidly below; coluniellar lip smooth, slightly 

curved.

Dimensions. Longitude, 20 mm.; latitude, 8 mm.; longitude of 

body whorl 13.5 mm.; longitude of aperture, 10 mm.

Notes. This beautiful and highly ornate species is quite unlike any

previously described from the Pacific coast. It is characterized by 

its regularly spindle-shaped outline, prominent peripheral angle, 

strong axial and spiral ridging, and sharp, beautifully bowing outer 

lip and deep posterior sinus. Named for the Coalinga district, in 

which the type locality occurs.

Type. Catalogue No. 165509, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4806, Glycymeris 

bed, on north side of Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde, 

center of SW. \ sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. Basal portion of the Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.
TULARE SPECIES. 91

TULARE (FRESH-WATER PLIOCENE) SPECIES.

PELECYPODA. 

Genus ANODONTA Cuvier.

ANODONTA KETTLEMANENSIS n. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 10.

1894. Anodonta decurtata Cooper (not Conrad, Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, 1871, p. 200, 

pi. 11, fig. 8), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 168, 

pi. 14, figs. 5-8.

1905. Anodonta decurtata Cooper (not Conrad), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. 

Sci., 3d ser., vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. Shell subtrapezbidal in outline, relatively short, averaging about 60 millimeters in longitude by 36 millimeters in latitude,

gibbous, moderately thin. Beaks anterior, turned slightly forward, 

inconspicuous. Anterior extremity about one-half as long as posterior, rounded except for extreme end which is only slightly curved 

for one-fourth width of shell, and meets dorsal margin with a faint 

suggestion of an angle; surface of anterior extremity noticeably flattened; posterior extremity angulated about five-eighths the distance 

from umbo to end and. also sharply angular at base; an approximately straight line joins the two angles; dorsal margin slightly convex. Surface of umbones, up to latitude of about 5 millimeters, is 

ornamented by seven or eight prominent rounded, rather irregular 

and wavy concentric ridges, which are discontinuous about halfway 

from anterior to posterior extremity, the disconnected ends of what 

appears to be the same rib being irregularly en Echelon with each 

other; rest of disk ornamented by numerous fine incremental 

lamellaa. Hinge narrow, frail, without teeth; muscular scars shallow.

Dimensions. Longitude, 59 mm.; latitude 36 mm.; diameter of 

both valves together, 25 mm.

Notes. It is very evident from a comparison of the Kettleman 

Hills species with the original description and figure of Conrad's A. 

decurtata that the former is an entirely different form, and the likeness of outline only superficial. A. Icettlemanensis is slightly narrower, more attenuated anteriorly, less sharply angular above posteriorly, and has the beaks considerably farther in advance than A. 

decurtata. As Conrad's species is based on a cast, and his figure is 

rather poor, it is impossible to make comparisons regarding the surface ornamentation of the two.

A. kettlemanensis differs from A. oregonensis Lea by its more gibbous 

form, more nearly rectangularly truncated posterior extremity, and 

finer crenulations on the umbo; it differs from A. nuttalliana Lea and
92 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

A. californiensis Lea by its more gibbous form and more nearly 

rectangularly truncated posterior extremity; it differs from A. walilametensis Lea by its more gibbous form and more nearly rectangularly 

truncated posterior extremity, less sharply angulated dorsal posterior 

margin, and straight instead of concave posterior end. It is closer 

to A. walilametensis var. exilior Lea, found Recent in the Pacific 

drainage of Mexico, than to any other living species. It is named for 

the Kettleman Hills, in which at certain horizons the species occurs 

abundantly.

Type. Catalogue No. 165522, U.S.N.M., from locality 4731.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4721, east 

border of Kettleman Hills, 3$ miles S. 60° W. of road house at northwest corner of Tulare Lake, NE. £ sec. 15, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.; locality

4731. northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, on 

top of 905-foot hill, NW. i NE. £ sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locality

4732. about 2 miles from the northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on 

south side of main ridge, SW. 1 NE. £ -sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; 

locality 4735, central part of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1 

mile southwest of 1,376-foot hill and one-third mile northwest of old 

oil derrick, in center of south line of SW. \ sec. 19, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.; 

locality 4737, just above .Mi/abed on east side of south-central part of 

Kettleman Hills just east of Dudley-Lemoore road NE. £ SW. £ sec. 

17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.; all in Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and 

Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Basal Tulare, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus GONIDEA Conrad.

GONIDEA COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 11.

Description. This species belongs to the same group as Gonidea 

angulata Lea, found Recent in the streams of the Pacific States, and 

is characterized by its practically obsolete angle, only moderately 

angulated posterior dorsal margin (which is fairly regularl}r convex), and its slightly concave ventral margin, which, in connection 

with the convex posterior dorsal margin, often gives the shell a 

faintly falcate appearance. It differs from G. angulata Lea by its 

obsolete angle, less ventricose and narrower shell; the beaks of 

G. coalingensis are also more finely undulated than in G. angulata. 

It approaches nearest to G. angulata Lea var. haroldi Dall, but is 

distinguishable from the latter by its smaller size, less ventricose 

and much narrower shell, and less angulated posterior dorsal mar-
TULAEE SPECIES. 93

gin. It differs from G. coalingensis var. coopert, n. var., by its 

narrower and more nearly rectangularly truncated posterior extremity, rounded rather than angulated posterior dorsal margin, and 

shallower excavation in front of beaks.

Dimensions. Longitude 73 mm.; maximum latitude 33 mm.; 

beak to anterior extremity, 14 mm.; diameter of both valves together, 16 mm.

Notes. -This species seems to be more common than the variety 

eooperi in the localities visited by the writer. It is a beautiful shell, 

and at certain places in the Kettleman Hills may be gathered in large 

quantities? and in a perfect though somewhat fragile state of preservation. Named for the Coalinga district, in which the type locality 

is situated.

T^e.-^-Catalogue No. 165521, U.S.N.M., perfect pair of valves 

from locality 4739.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality No. 4721, 

east border of Kettleman Hills, 3$ miles S. 60° W. of road house at 

northwest corner of Tulare Lake, bed just below Anodonta layer, 

NE. | sejj. 15, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4731, east border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, on top of 905-foot hill, just above 

oyster bed; NW. J NE. J, sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locality 4739, 

1 mile northwest of Anderson well, 25 miles south of Coalinga, SE. | 

sec. 10, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.; all in Coalinga district. (Ralph Arnold; 

Robert Anderson; H. R. Johnson.)

Horizon. Extreme base of Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

GONIDEA COALINGENSIS Var. COOPERI 11. Var.

1894. Margaritana subangulata Cooper (= Gonidea id.), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d 

SQI-., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 166, pi. 14, figs. 1 to 4.

1891. Not Anodonta angulata var. subangulata Hemphill (= Gonidea id.), in A collector's notes on variations in shells with some new varieties; Zoe, vol. 1, No. 

it, January, 1891, p. 325, pi. 10, figs. 1 and 2.

Description. This variety differs from the typical Gonidea coalingensili n. sp. by its broader and more protracted posterior extremity, mojre angulated posterior dorsal margin and deeper excavation 

in front of beaks. It approaches a little more closely to the Recent 

G. angulata Lea var. Jiaroldi Dall. It is named in honor of the late 

Dr. J. 0. Cooper, of California.

Locality and liorizon. This species occurs at the same horizon and 

is associated with the typical form in some of the localities mentioned ;for G, coaling ensis.
94 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA. '

Genus SPH^RIUM Scopoli. 

SPILERIUM COOPERI n. sp.

Plate XXX, figures 2 and 2a.

1894; Sphserium dentatum? Haldeman, Cooper, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser.,

vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 167. 

1905. Sphserium dentatum Haldeman, Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci.,

3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4,1905, p. 182.

Description. Shell averaging about 10 millimeters in length, oval, 

inflated, especially toward umbones; beaks central or very slightly 

in the rear of the middle; anterior extremity slightly more attenuate 

than posterior, which has the faintest suggestion of an angle slightly 

above middle; base evenly and moderately rounded; surface of type 

somewhat worn, but showing only fine concentric lines from umbo 

to periphery. Cardinal teeth very small and too much worn in type 

to disclose characteristics.

Dimensions. Longitude 9.5-mm.; altitude 7.5 mm.; diameter of 

single valve, 2.4 mm.

Notes. This species is more oval and ventricose than S. Tcettlemanensis n. sp., has a longer anterior extremity and is relatively 

broader than S. striatum Lamarck (Recent) and more trigonal in 

outline and more inflated near the umbones than S. dentatum Haldeman (Recent). In some respects S. cooperi appears to be more closely 

related to specimens in the National Museum collection labeled 

"Sphserium magnum Sterki, Pleistocene, Arroyo Pecos Las Vegas, 

New Mexico." It is named in honor of the late Dr. J. G. Cooper.

Type. Catalogue No. 165528, U.S.N.M., a somewhat worn right 

valve from locality 4732.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4731, northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end on top of 905- 

foot hill, just above oyster bed, NW. I NE. J sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 

E.; locality 4732, about 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman 

Hills, on south side of main ridge, SW. \ NE. \ sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; 

both localities in Coalinga district. (Ralph Arnold; Robert Anderson; 

H. R. Johnson.)

Horizon. Base of Tulare, fresh-water Pliocene.

SPHSERIUM KETTLEMANENSIS n. sp.

Plate XXX, figures 1 and la.

Description. Shell averaging about 8 millimeters in length, thin, 

between oval and trigonal in shape, equivalve, slightly inflated; beaks 

well defined, but neither high nor prominent, situated in advance of
TULABE SPECIES. 95

middle; anterior extremity shorter than posterior and more regularly convex; posterior extremity quite sharply rounded below 

middle; base moderately rounded; the surface of the shell in the 

younger stages up to an altitude of H to 2 millimeters is ornamented 

by several prominent, sometimes sulcated, concentric ridges; in the 

later stages the concentric ridges become finer and closer set. Cardinal teeth small; one posterior bifurcated tooth and one small simple 

anterior; one in right valve; left valve carries a moderately long 

simple posterior tooth, a middle bifurcated one, and an anterior 

rudimentary; lateral teeth compressed, lamelliform, the anterior 

shortest,, Muscular and pallial impressions concealed in type.

Dimensions. Longitude 8 mm.; altitude 6.5 nun.; diameter of 

single valve 1.8 mm.

Notes. This species is different from any of those known and 

may be recognized by its subtrigonal outline, compressed form, and 

prominent concentric ribbing on umbones. It is probably nearer-to

S. strialtum Lamarck than to any other described form, but may 

be distinguished from the latter by its more advanced umbones, 

more trigonal outline and more compressed form. S. Jcetilemanensis 

is found abundantly in the fresh-water Pliocene Etchegoin formation, of the Kettleman Hills, after which it is named.

Typi. Catalogue No. 165519, U.S.N.M., left valve, from locality 

4731.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4731, northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near *northwest end, on top of 905- 

foot hill, just above oyster bed, NW. \. NE. \ sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; 

locality 4732, about 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, 

on south side of main ridge, SW. \ NE. J sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; 

both iin Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold; Robert Anderson; H. R. 

Johnson).

Horizon. Base of the Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

i GASTEROPODA. 

I Genus PLANORBIS Guettard. 

- PLANORBIS VANVLECKI n. sp. 

Plate XXX, figures 4 and 4a.

1894. 'Valvata virens Cooper (not Tryon), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,

! May 26, 1894, p. 167. 

1905. Valvata virens Cooper (not Tryon), F. M. Anderson, Proc. California Acad.

I Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. Shell averaging about 4.5 millimeters in maximum 

diameter, the whorls visible both from above and below. Whorls
96 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

four, prominently angulated above and with a faint suggestion of a 

sutural ridge along the inner margin; base of whorl flat and triangulate, a with a faint spiral ridge between the angles in some of the 

specimens; incremental sculpture sharply marked both above and 

below. Aperture rounded above, subangulate below, . retreating 

obliquely from top to bottom at an angle of about 45° with the 

plane of the base; lip simple; umbilicus deep and relatively narrow.

Dimensions. Maximum diameter 4.5 mm.; altitude 1.4 mm.

Notes. This beautiful little species is characterized by its angular 

whorls and suggestions of spiral ridging above near the suture, and 

below, between the angles. It resembles certain members of the 

genus Valvata, but has a more oblique aperture and depressed spire 

than any examined by the writer. Its nearest affinity is probably 

P. opercularis Gould. It is named in honor of Robert 'Van Vleck 

Anderson, United States Geological Survey, the writer's collaborator 

in 'the investigations in the Coalinga district.

Type. Catalogue No, 165506, U.S.N.M., from locality 4731.

Localities. United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south 

end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. (in a mixture (?) of Etchegoin marine and Tulare fresh-water fossils) (Ralph 

Arnold and 0. D. Barton); locality 4731,northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest 'end on top of 905-foot hill above uppermost Etchegoin bed, NW. £ NE. J sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locality 

4732, about 2 mile's from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on 

south side of main ridge, 1£ miles northwest of 1,245-foot hill, SW. J 

NE. I sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; all in Coalinga district (Ralph 

Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Base of Tulare, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus CARINIFEX Binney. 

CABINIFEX MARSHALLI n. sp.

Plate XXX, figures 3, 3a and 3b.

1894. Carinifex newberryi Cooper (not Lea), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,

May 26, 1894, p. 167. 

1905. Carinifex newberryi Cooper (not Lea), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.

Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. Shell attaining a diameter of 5 millimeters or more, 

dextral, nearly planorbiform, the spire being depressed or only 

slightly raised. Whorls 3£ or more; the last whorl very large, broad 

above, rapidly attenuated below; all whorls convex, even the nuclear; 

from about 1J whorls onward a rounded sutural carina is developed 

on the inner edge of the whorl; from this carina the surface of the 

whorl slopes downward at a low angle, and is often shallowly sulcated
TULABE SPECIES. 97

between the carina and the periphery of the whorl; no outer angle is 

developed on the whorls, the upper surface bowing over regularly to 

the under surface. The sculpture consists of numerous fine, somewhat unequal incremental lines; no spiral sculpture is visible, although 

the somewhat worn condition of the specimens examined may 

account for its absence. The suture is V-shaped, profound and 

distinct. Umbilicus funnel-shaped; aperture slightly pblique to 

plane of spiral axis, subtriangular, broad above, narrowed below; 

lip simple, thin.

Dimensions. Maximum diameter 3.5 mm.; altitude 2 mm.

Notes,. This small species, the largest specimen of which is little 

over 5 rrim. in diameter, is closely allied to 0. newberryi Lea, at present 

found living in the .lakes of the Pacific and adjacent States. .A 

careful comparison of G. marshalli with the series of 0. newberryi in 

the United States National Museum discloses the fact that the 

former is smaller and lacks the flat-topped whorls in the younger 

stages <;»f growth and the prominent peripheral angle of the latter, 

and usually has the carina on the inner edge of the whorl much more 

prominent. Other minor differences are the more involute spire, 

the less prominently downward projecting aperture, and the deeper 

V-shaped, more-pronounced suture of G. marshalli. The species is 

named In honor of William Blanchard Marshall, of the United States 

National Museum, whose assistance in many instances is here gratefully acknowledged.

Type Catalogue No. 165507, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4732, about 

2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on south side of 

main ridge, SW. J NE. 1 sec. 30, T. 21 S., K. 17 E. (Ralph Arnold; 

Robert Anderson; H. R. Johnson).

Horizon. Base of Tulare formation fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus PHYSA Draparnaud.

PHYSA WATTSI n. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 6.

1894. Physa costata Cooper (not Newcomb), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,

May, 1894, p. 167. 

1905. Physa costata Cooper (not Newcomb), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.

Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. Shell averaging about 6 millimeters in longitude, 

sinistrally spiral, moderately thin, spire moderately elevated and 

acute. Whorls about 3£, subangular, the point of greatest convexity 

occurring just posterior to middle, giving the whorls a tabulate

88866 Bull. 396 09 7
98 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

appearance; surface sculptured by numerous more or less irregular 

and unevenly spaced rounded varices each ornamented by fine longitudinal corrugations and lines; the interspaces are somewhat narrower than the varices and are similarly sculptured; the varices 

become obsolete toward the base of the body whorl. Suture appressed and very distinct. Aperture rounded in front, angular behind; outer lip simple; columellar lip nearly straight, flaring slightly.

Dimensions. Longitude 6 mm.; latitude 3.5 mm.; longitude of 

body whorl, 4.8 mm.; longitude of aperture 3.8 mm.

Notes. This beautiful little shell is closely allied to and is probably the precursor of P. costata Newcomb, but is smaller, less fragile, 

less bubble-shaped, and has the spire more exserted than the latter. 

It is named in honor of W. L. Watts, Los Angeles, Cal., who, during 

the course of field work in the oil districts of the State, gathered material that has added greatly to the knowledge of west coast paleontology.

Type. Catalogue No. 165503, U.S.N.M.

 Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4732, on south 

side of main ridge about 2 miles from the northwest end of the Kettleman Hills, in SW.iNE.i sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. (W. L. Watts; 

Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Robert Anderson.)

Horizon. Basal Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus AMNICOLA Gould and Haldeman. 

AMNICOLA ANDERSONI n. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 9.

1894. Amnicola turbiniformis Cooper (not Tryon), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d 8er.,

vol.4, May, 1894, p.-167. 

1905. Amnicola turbiniformis Cooper (not Tryon), Anderson, P.M., Proc. California

Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December, 1905, p. 182.

Description. Shell averaging about 4 millimeters in length, elongate, turbinate-globose, thin; spire tall for member of this genus. 

Whorls six, subcircular in cross section, giving the surface of the 

whorl a strongly but regularly convex contour with just the slightest 

suggestion of an angle about one-third the distance from posterior to 

anterior margin; faint lines of growth are visible over certain areas 

of the surface in the type; suture very deeply impressed. Aperture 

between subcircular and subovate; lip thin, simple; umbilicus perforate.

Dimensions. Longitude 4 mm.; latitude 2.4 mm.; longitude of 

body whorl 2.5 mm.; longitude of aperture 1.3 mm.

Notes. This beautiful little shell is characterized by its tall manywhorled spire and regular!}7 convex whorls. It appears to be most 

closely related to A. longingua Gould, found Recent and in Pleisto-
TULARE SPECIES. 99

cene lake deposits in California, but differs from the latter in having one more whorl, in having more convex whorls and deeper sutures 

and in having the posterior end of the aperture rounded rather than 

subangular. A. andersoni is very much taller than A. turbiniformis 

Tryon, with which it was confused by Cooper. It occurs abundantly 

in the fresh-water deposits (Tulare formation) of the Kettleman 

Hills. It is named in honor of Mr. Frank M. Anderson, Berkeley, 

Cal., whose pioneer work on the east side of the Coast Ranges has 

added so much to our knowledge of their geology.

TVpe. Catalogue No. 165505, U.S.N.M.

Locality. United States Geological Survey locality 4732, on south 

side of main ridge about 2 miles from the northwest end of the Kettleman Hills, SW. i NE. i sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. (W. L. Watts; 

Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Robert Anderson.)

Horizon. Basal Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus GONIOBASIS Lea.

GONIOBASIS KETTLEMANENSIS n. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 7.

1894. Goniob'asis occata Cooper (not Hinds), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d eer., vol. 4,

May 26, 1894, p. 167. 

1905. Goniobasis occata, Cooper (not Hinds), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.

Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. Shell averaging about 22 millimeters in length, spire 

long, apex blunt. Whorls seven or eight, the nuclear one without 

sculpture or worn smooth in those specimens examined; the second, 

third, and fourth whorls flat or angulated, the next moderately and 

evenly convex. The sculpture consists of six or more rounded 

thread-like revolving ridges, those in the upper part of the whorl 

usually being the most prominent; intercalaries of varying degrees of 

importance often occur in the interspaces; incremental lines and also 

lines of Interrupted or unequal growth are also usually visible. Suture 

moderately deeply impressed. Aperture ovate, slightly angulate in 

front; Lip thin and simple, concave above, bowing convexly outward 

below, slightly thickened toward columella, which is thick, and 

bowed; umbilicus imperforate to subperforate.

Dimensions. Longitude 22.5 mm.; latitude 8.5 mm.; longitude of 

body whorl 12 mm.; longitude of aperture 7 mm.

Noteii. This species is distinct from any of the other west-coast 

species* Its almost exact counterpart may be found in a certain 

variety of G. virginica Say, inhabiting water which sometimes becomes 

brackish, thus illustrating parallel development under similar conditions of increasing salinity of habitat, although the two forms are
100 PALEONTOLOGY OP COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

found in widely separated localities and geologic horizons. G. IcetilemaneTisis is characterized by strong spiral and almost total lack of 

axial sculpture. At one locality (4715) it is found in the upper 

Etchegoin associated with a marine or mixed marine and brackish 

water fauna, while at another (4735) it is found only with freshwater shells in the Tulare formation. It is named for the Kettleman 

Hills, the type locality.

Type. Catalogue No. 165501, U.S.N.M., from locality 4715.

Localities. Tulare formation, Pliocene: United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, 

T. 25 S., R. 19 E. (R. Arnold and 0. D. Barton); locality 4735, 

central part of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1 mile southwest 

of 1,376-foot hill and one-third mile northwest of oil derrick, in center 

of south line of SW. J sec. 19, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. (Robert Anderson).

Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene: Locality 4696, northeast side 

of south group of Kettleman Hills, about 1TV miles due southeast of 

Light's place, SW. £ NW. J sec. 21, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4715 

(see same locality, Tulare); all in Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold 

and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. Top of the Etchegoin (upper Miocene) and base of the 

Tulare (fresh-water Pliocene). It is quite possible that .at locality 

4715 the G. ketilemanensis may be from a horizon just above that of 

its marine associates. It is mixed with the marine shells on the 

surface of the low hill at this place.

PISCES.

FISH SPINES and BULBOUS GROWTHS. 

Plate XXV, figures 6, 6a, 6b, 7, 7a, and 8.

Among the fossils found in the upper Etchegoin and lower Tulare 

are some peculiar shaped objects of bony material. By far the 

commonest form is one somewhat resembling in outline one valve 

of certain areas (see PI. XXV, figs. 6, 6a, 6b) but having an irregular 

base in which is a pit. The surface of the bone is reddish brown, 

rather rough, and usually showing fibery structure. Some of these 

bones have been recognized with the aid of J. W. Gidley, of the ,U. S. 

National Museum; David Starr Jordan, of Stanford University, and 

J. C. Merriam, of the University of California, as being the bulbous 

growths from the anterior portion of the back or the anterior end of 

the ventral fin of some kind of fish. Not even the order to which, 

these belong is determinable, and they may be either marine or freshwater fishes. They occur in both marine and fresh-water deposits. 

Another form (PI. XXV, fig. 8) is nearly bilaterally symmetrical, with 

a groove down the middle and extended processes at either end; it is
TULAEE SPECIES. 101

rounded at the back. Still another form (PI. XXV, figs. 7, 7a) has 

been identified as a fish spine; it has a deep longitudinal V-shaped 

groove in the base, a sharp ridge, and a few irregular longitudinal 

lines on the two sides.

Figured specimens. Catalogue Nos. 165493, 165494, and 165495, 

U.S.N.M.

Localities. Etchegoin: United States Geological Survey locality 

4695, on east side of Kettleman Hills south of Avenal Gap, NE. \ 

SE. \ sec. 27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4696, northeast side of 

south group of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of Light's place, 

SW. i NW. \ sec. 21, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4697, near south 

end of Kettleman Hills, on summit 4 miles S. 20° E. of Light's place 

in Avenal Gap, on west side of sec. 3, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4698, 

1 mile north of White Creek and 3| miles northwest of junction with 

Los Gatos Creek, in center of sec. 23, T. 19 S., R, 13 E.; locality

4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality 

4741, east side of Kettleman Hills at point 3| miles west of entrance 

of Dudley-Lemoore road into hills, northeast corner of sec. 12, T. 23 

S., R. 18 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Tulare: Locality 4731, northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near 

northwest end on top of hill just east of old road and cabin, 

NW. \ NE. i sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locality 4738, about 20 miles 

southeast of Coalinga, near Etchegoin-Tulare contact; SE. \ NW. \ 

sec. 14, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.; 1 mile northwest of El Cerrito well, 

25 miles south of Coalinga, near north end of Kettleman Hills, If 

miles north-northwest of 1,244-foot hill (Ralph Arnold and Robert 

Anderson).

Horizon. Upper portion of Etchegoin (upper Miocene) and base 

of Tulare (fresh-water Pliocene).

PLATE I.

103
PLATE I. 

CHICO (UPPER CRETACEOUS) FOSSILS.

VOLUTODERMA GABBI White.

Page.

Figure 1. Natural size. Catalogue' No. 20112, U.S.N.M.; copied from Bull. 

U. S. Geol. Survey No. 51, pi. 3, fig. 1. Found at locality 3 

in the Coalinga district; also occurs as far north as Puget Sound 

region...................................................... 11

PERISSOLAX BREVIROSTRIS Gabb.

Figure 2. Natural size. Copied from Whiteaves, Geol. Surv. Canada, Mes. 

FOBS., vol. 1, pt. 5, pi. 43, fig. 3,1903. Found at locality 4 in the 

Coalinga district; a not uncommon species in the Chico of the 

Pacific coast................................................ 11

TELLINA? OOIDES Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of imperfect left valve, showing a little of the original shell 

material, altitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 31075, 

U.S.N.M. Found at locality 3 in the Coalinga district, and 

at other Chico localities on the west coast..................... 11

MACTRA ASHBURNERI Gabb.

Figure 4. Exterior of email right valve, longitude 28 mm., X 2. Catalogue 

" No. 31074, U.S.N.M. Found at locality 3 in the Coalinga

district; also common at most Chico localities.................. 11

MEEKIA SELLA Gabb.

Figure 5. Exterior of cast of right'valve, altitude 18 mm., X 2. Catalogue 

No. 31073, U.S.N.M. Locality 3 in Coalinga district; also 

common at other Chico localities on the Pacific coast.......... 11

AVICULA LINGU^EFORMIS Evans and Shumard.

Figure 6. Exterior of cast of small left valve, altitude 14 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 31076, U.S.N.M. Locality 11............................ 11

BACULITES CHICOENSIS Trask.

Figure 7. Natural size. Copied from Gabb; Pal. California, vol. 1, pi. 17, figs.

27, 27a, 1864................................................ 11

7a. Cross section. Ibid., figure 27a.

7b. Septum. Ibid., plate 14, figure 28b.

104
U. S. GEOLOQICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE I

CHICO FOSSILS
PLATE II.

105
PLATE II. 

TEJON (EOCENE) PELECYPODA.

VENERICARDIA PLANICOSTA Lamarck.

Page.

Figure 1. Left valve; longitude 84 mm. Eocene; Little Falls, Wash. Catalogue 

No. 164973, U.S.N.M. This is the most widespread and 

characteristic Eocene species in the world.................... 13

CORBULA PARILIS Gabb.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve restored, longitude 6 mm,, X 2. Catalogue

No. 165621, U.S.N.M. Locality4801......................... 13

SEPTIFER DICHOTOMUS Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve restored, longitude 22 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 165623, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801.......................... 13

OSTREA IDRIAENSIS Gabb.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 27 mm.; natural size. Catalogue

No. 165674, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801......................... 13

OSTREA IDRIAENSIS Gabb.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 35.5 mm.; natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165674, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A common species in 

certain California Eocene localities........................... 13

SPONDYLUS CARLOSENSIS F. M. Anderson.

Figure 6. Exterior of imperfect specimen, altitude 20 mm.; natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165628, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. So far unknown outside the Coalinga district ........................... 13

Figure 7. Natural size. Copied from Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., 

Geology, vol. 2, no. 2, pi. 13, fig. 1.

LEDA GABBI Conrad.

Figure 8. Exterior of cast of left valve, longitude 13 mm., X 2. Catalogue ' 

, No. 165662, U.S.N.M. Locality 5014. A common species in

the Tejon.................................................... 13

TELLINA HORNII Gabb.

Figure 9. Exterior of left valve of slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 

42 mm.; natural size. Catalogue No. 165656, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A species found at many Tejon localities............ 13

CRASSATELLITES GRANDIS Gabb.

Figure 10. Exterior of imperfect right valve, altitude 50 mm.; natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165638, U.S.N.M. Locality 4613. A common 

Tejon species............................................... 13

lOa. Interior of same specimen.

TELLINA JOAQUINENSIS n. sp.

Figure 11. Exterior of left valve, longitude 22 mm.; natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165619, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801 .................. 49

OSTREA AVICULIFORMIS F. M. Anderson.

Figure 12. Exterior of left valve, longitude 16 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165627, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801............................. 50

106
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE II

2 1 

TEJON PELECYPODA.
PLATE III.

107
PLATE III. 

TEJON (EOCENE) PELECYPODA.

PLACUNANOMIA INORNATA Gabb.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of upper or convex valve, longitude 20 mm., X 2 Catalogue No. 165632, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A common form 

in the supposed brackish-water facies of the Tejon.............. 13

PECTEN PECKHAMI Gabb.

Figure 2. Exterior of gutta-percha cast of right valve, altitude 13 mm., natural 

size. Catalogue No. 165642, U.S.N.M. Locality 4616. Ranges 

from the Eocene to the Miocene............................... 13

2a. Exterior of left valve. Altitude 13.5 mm., natural size.

CARDIUM COOPERI Gabb.

Figure 3. Exteriorof slightlybrokenrightvalve,altitude21.5 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165637, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A species found ' 

most abundantly in the lower Eocene, but»sometimes also in the 

Tejon....................................................... 13

MERETRIX GABBI n. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 29 mm., naturalsize. Type, Catalogue No. 165640, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801.................. 49

MERETRIX OVALIS Gabb.

Figure 5. Exteriorof left valve, longitude 13mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165629,

U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A rather rare species............. 13

ORBITOLITES sp. a.

Figure 6. Top, maximum diameter 7.5 mm., X 3. Catalogue No. 165625, 

U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A species of foraminifer common in 

the Tejon.................................................... 13

PECTEN INTERRADIATUS Gabb.

Figure 7. Exteriorof cast of right valve, altitude 9mm., X 3. Catalogue No. 

165667, U.S.N.M. Locality 5013. Also known in the Tejon 

shales at New Idria.......................................... 13

BARBATIA MORSEI Gabb.

Figure 8. Exterior of slightly imperfect left valve,longitude 16.5 mm., X 2. 

Catalogue No. 165635, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A common . 

species in the Eocene........................................ 13

108
MERETRIX HORNII Gabb.

Page. 

Figure 9. Exteriorof rightvalve,longitude 20mm., X2. CatalogueNo.165641,

U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common Eocene species....... 13

PLACUNANOMTA INORNATA Gabb.

Figure 10. Exterior of lower or flatvalve, longitude 20 mm., X 2. CatalogueNo.

165633, U.S.N.M. Locality 4609.............................. 13

PECTEN INTERRADIATUS Gabb.

Figure 11. Exterior of gutta-percha cast, showing external surface somewhat distorted, altitude 7 mm., X 4. Catalogue No. 165634, U.S.N.M. 

Locality 4616............................................... 13

VENERICARDIA ALTICOSTA Gabb.

Figure 12. Exterior of slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 41 mm., natural 

'size. Catalogue No. 165626, U.S.N.M. Locality 4621. Much 

rarer than V. planicosta Lamarck.............................. 13

MERETRIX UVASANA Conrad.

Figure 13. Exterior of lower or flat valve, longitude 20 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165633, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619. A common Tejon species... 13

CRASSATELLITES GRANDIS Gabb.

Figure 14. Exterior of left valve, altitude 38 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165639, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619.............................. 13

109

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE II!

14

TEJON PELECYPODA.
PLATE IV.

ill
PLATE IV.

TEJON (EOCENE) GASTEROPODA AND ECHINODERMATA.

CASSIDULUS CALIFORNICUS F. M. Anderson.

Page.

Figure 1. Top view of imperfect specimen, longitude 21 mm., X 2. Catalogue 

No. 165664, U.S.N.M. Locality 4622. So far known only from 

this locality.................................................. 13

la. Bottom of same specimen.

POTAMIDES CARBONICOLA Cooper.

Figure 2. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 19mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 

165651, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. So far known only from the 

type locality................................................ 14

3. Back of another specimen, longitude 16 mm., -X 2. Catalogue No.

165651, U.S.N.M. Same locality as 2............'............ 14

TRITONIUM CALIFORNICUM Gabb.

Figure 4. Front of young and imperfect specimen, longitude 8mm., X 4. Catalogue No. 165644, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619. A rather rare species; grows to much larger size than the figured specimen...... 14

SERPULORBIS sp. a.

Figure 5. Top, maximum diameter of specimen 15 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 

165659, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common form at some

localities of the Tejon....................................... 14

RlMELLA CANALIFERA Gabb.

Figure 6. Front of imperfect specimen, longitude 15 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 

165646, U.S.N.M. Locality 4618. This species has .an expanded lip which is produced upward along the body and penultimate whorls. A common and characteristic Eocene form,..... 14

AMAUROPSIS OVIFORMIS? Gabb.

Figure 7. Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 29 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165654, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617................... 13

GALERUS EXCENTRICUS Gabb.

Figure 8. Side view, altitude 12 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165643, 

U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A very common and characteristic 

Eocene species.............................................. 14

112
LUNATIA HORNii Gabb.

Page. 

Figure 9. Front view, altitude 13.3 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165620,

U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. Often grows much larger than the 

specimen figured............................................. 14

TRITONIDEA KREYENHAGENI n. sp.

Figure 10. Front of de'collete' and slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 16 

mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165657, U.S.N.M. Locality 

4801....................................................... 51

TURRITELLA UVASANA Conrad.

Figure 11. Side of a de'collete' specimen; longitude 31 mm., X 2. Catalogue 

No. 165653, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617.' A common and characteristic Eocene species, showing considerable variation as 

regards sculpture............................................ 14

NEKITA TRIANGULATA Gabb.

Figure 12. Back and part of top, maximum diameter 12 mm., natural size. 

Catalogue No, 165700, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A characteristic Eocene species.......................................... 14

12a. Top of same specimen.

LUNATIA sp. a.

Figure 13. Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 27 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165652, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801................... 14

TURRITELLA PACHECOENSIS Stanton.

Figure 14. Exterior of imperfect young specimen, longitude 44.5 mm., X 2. 

Catalogue No. 165636, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. Usually more 

common in the lower Eocene, but also found in the Tejon....... 14

DENTALIUM COOPERI Gabb.

Figure 15. Side, longitude 9 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165622, U.S.N.M.

Locality 4619. A common and long-lived species.............. 13

PLEUROTOMA DOMENGINEI n. sp.

Figure 16. Side of imperfect specimen, longitude 11 mm., X 3. Type, catalogue

No. 165647, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619.......................... 52

LOXOTREMA TURRITA Gabb.

Figure 17. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 20 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165649, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A peculiar and 

characteristic Tejon species.................................. 14

SPIROGLYPHUS ? TEJONENSIS n. sp.

Figure 18. Top of coil, maximum diameter 7.5 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue

No. 165658, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617.......................... 51

88866 Bull. 396 09 8 113
CYLICHNA COSTATA Gabb.

Page.

Figure 19. Front view of imperfect specimen, longitude 13 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165655, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common Eocene 

form very much like some later species......................... 13

PLEUROTOMA GUIBERSONI n. sp.

Figure 20. Rear view of imperfect specimen, longitude 13.5 mm., X 3. Type,

catalogue No. 165648, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619................ 54

AMAUROPSIS ALVEATA Conrad.

Figure 21. Front view of specimen with slightly broken lip, altitude 43 mm., 

natural size. Catalogue No. 165650, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619. 

An exceedingly widespread. and characteristic species in the 

Eocene...................................................... 13

CANCELLARIA IRELANIANA Cooper.

Figure 22. Front view of imperfect specimen, longitude 39 mm., natural size.

Catalogue No. 165645, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619............... 52

PLEUROTOMA FRESNOENSIS n. sp.

Figure 23. Front view of specimen from which the canal is missing, longitude 21 

mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165631, U.S.N.M. Locality 

4619....................................;...,...,,...,,,.,.,,, 53

114
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE IV

20 21 22

TEJON GASTEROPODA AND ECHINODERMATA.
PLATE V.

115
PLATE V. 

VAQUEfcOS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

OSTREA TITAN Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 90 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165565, U.S.N.M. Lower Vaqueros formation; locality 

4773. This rather diminutive variety is found abundantly 

below the reef bed on Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga.... 17

DOSINIA MATHEWSONII Gabb.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, altitude 56 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165596, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803. This 

species is believed to be characteristic of the lower and middle 

Miocene................................'.................... 18

MYTILUS MATHEWSONII Gabb var. EXPANSUS Arnold.

Figure3. Exterior of nearly perfect right valve, longitude 157-mm., natural 

size. Catalogue No. 165661, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; 

locality 4803. This species is believed to be characteristic of the 

Vaqueros; the typical form is usually found in the upper half of 

the Miocene.................................................. 18

SEPTIFER COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 45 mm., natural size. . Type, catalogue No. 165580, U.S.N.M. Supposed Vaqueros formation; 

locality 4634................................................. 58

TROPHON (FORRERIA) GABBIANUM F. M. Anderson.

Figure 5. Back of imperfect' specimen, altitude 44 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165572, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 

4860. (SeePl. VI, fig. 5)..................................... 60

MULINIA DENSATA Conrad var. MINOR n. var.

Figure 6. Exterior of slightly imperfect right valve. Type, catalogue No.

165601, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4777....... 1 54

116
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE V

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.
PLATE VI.

117
PLATE VI. 

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

METIS aff. ALTA Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, longitude 32 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165567, 

U.S.N.M.; Vaqueros formation; locality 4627. This lower 

Miocene Metis may be different from the Recent M. alta, but ^ 

the state of preservation of the fossils precludes a definite determination..... ............................................... 17

Figure 2. Left valve of same specimen.

CONUS HAYESI II. Sf).

Figure 3. Back of slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 60 mm., natural 

size. Type, catalogue No. 165566, U.S.N.M.; Vaqueros formation; locality 4861.......................................... 62

SCUTELLA MEERIAMI F. M. Anderson.

Figure 4. Top, maximum diameter 21 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165584, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4775. This 

little echinoid from which the "button bed" in the Vaqueros 

derives its name, is found at many localities in the Coalinga 

district, and is believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros or 

lower Miocene............................................. 18

TROPHON (FORRERIA) GABBIANUM F. M. Anderson var. CANCELLARIOIDES n. var.

Figure 5. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 56 mm., natural size. Type, 

catalogue No. 165605, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 

4861. (SeePl. V, fig. 5.)................................... 60

PHACOIDES (MILTHA) SANCTJSCRUCIS n. sp.

Figure 6. Exterior of nearly perfect right valve, longitude 75 mm., natural 

size. Type, catalogue No. 165569, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4861........................................... 57

118
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLAJE VI

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.
PLATE VII.

119
PLATE VII.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER AND 

UPPER HORIZONS.

AECA OSMONTI Dall.

Paga 

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 49 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165563, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4859.

This species is believed to be characteristic of the lower Miocene.

The specimen- figured id from the type locality. Found also

in Santa Monica Mountains, near Los Angeles................. 18

la. Umbones of same specimen.

2. Exterior of left valve of a broader specimen, longitude 39 mm.,

natural size. Catalogue No. 165563, U.S.N.M................. 18

TROPHON (FORRERIA) BARTONI n. sp.

Figure 3. Imperfect specimen, altitude 33 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165571, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 

4861....................... .'. .............................. 59

PECTEN ANDERSONI Arnold.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165583, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803. 

This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene. It 

is found abundantly in certain layers of the "reef beds," where 

it makes up the entire rock for small thicknesses.............. 17

ZlRPH^EA DENTATA Gabb.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 73 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165573, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803.

This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene.... 17

MACOMA PIERCEI n. sp.

Figure 6. Exterior of left valve of imperfect specimen, longitude 75 mm., 

natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165595, U.S.N.M. Upper 

Vaqueros formation; locality 4631............................ 55

SAXIDOMUS VAQUEROSENSIS n. sp.

Figure 7. Exterior of left valve, longitude 69 mm., natural size. Type, cata- 

.logue No. 165570, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631.................................................... 56

120 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE VII

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.
PLATE VIII.

121
PLATE VIII. 

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

TURRITELLA OCOYANA Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 50 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165593, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 

4631. This is one of the most characteristic fossils of the 

Vaqueros, especially in the San Joaquin Valley and in southern 

California. ................................................. 17

2. Back of two whorls of an exceedingly large specimen, altitude 42 mm., 

natural size. Catalogue No. 165574, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631............................... 17

VENUS PERTENUIS Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, longitude 88 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165597, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. 

This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene.... 17

PHACOIDES ACUTILINEATUS Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, altitude 35.5 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165564, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 

4803. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the lower 

Pliocene fauna. Formerly called Ludna acutilineata.......... 17

AGASOMA SANTACRUZANA Arnold.

Figure 5. Front of imperfect specimen, consisting of spirej and part of body 

whorl, latitude 19 mm., natural size. Catalogue -No. 165609, 

U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This species is 

believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros................. 17

CORBICULA DUMBLEI F. M. Andersen.

Figure 6. Exterior of right valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165581, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4628. This 

species, is found abundantly in the Vaqueros oil sand where it 

outcrops in Anticline Canyon southwest of Coalinga........... 17

CHIONE TEMBLORENSIS F. M. Anderson.

Figure 7. Exterior of imperfect and decorticated left valve, longitude 92 mm., 

natural size. Catalogue No. 165612, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This species, which is characterized by its central beaks and narrow form, is believed to be 

characteristic of the Vaqueros formation...................... 17

122
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE VIII

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.
PLATE .IX.

123
PLATE IX. 

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

DOSINIA PONDEEOSA Gray.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, altitude 78 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165660, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 

4631. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the Kecent fauna.................................................... 17

CARDIUM (TRACHYCARDIUM) VAQUEROSENSIS Arnold.

Figure 2. Exterior of imperfect right valve, altitude 98 mm., natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165598, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; 

locality 4631.................................................. 57

CONUS OWENIANUS F. M. Anderson.

Figure 3. Front, altitude 16 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. -165606, 

U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This 

species, which is characterized by spiral striations, is believed 

to be characteristic of the Vaqueros............................ 17

OCINEBRA TOPANGENSIS Arnold.

Figure 4. Back, longitude 25 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165608, 

U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This 

species, which is also found in the Santa Monica Mountains, is 

believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros formation........ 17

CANCELLARIA ANDERSONI n. sp.

Figure 5. Back, longitude 21 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165607,

U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631.......... 60

CANCELLARIA VETUSTA Gabb.

Figure 6. Back, longitude 51 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165600, 

U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This 

species is believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros......... 17

PLEUROTOMA (BATHYTOMA) PIERCEI n. sp.

Figure 7. Back of imperfect specimen, altitude 39.5 mm., natural size. Type, 

catalogue No. 165578 U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; 

locality 4631................................................ 61

124
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE IX

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.
PLATE X.

125
PLATE X. 

SAT^TA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

TAMIOSOMA' GEEGAEIA Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Side, group of individuals, maximum altitude 187 mm., one-half 

natural size. Catalogue No. 165618, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) .formation; locality 4766. This unique form, which 

is closely related to. the barnacles, is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene and is usually found abundantly in the fossiliferous portions of the Santa Margarita (?) 

formation................................................... 21

HINNITES GIGANTEUS Gray.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 52 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165586, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; locality 

4651. This species ranges from the middle Miocene to the Recent fauna. The specimen figured is an immature, fair-sized 

individual................................................... 21

PECTEN ESTRELLANUS Conrad.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valvfe, altitude 111 mm., one-half natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165616, U.S.N.M. SantaMargarita(?) formation; 

locality 4766. This species is exceedingly common in the Santa 

Margarita (?) and Jacalitos formations, but may extend into the 

Vaqueros .................................................. 21

TROPHON (FORRERIA) CARISAENSIS F. M. Anderson.

Figure 4. Front, longitude 41 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165591,

U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; locality 4766. This . 

species is characterized by its moderate size, and the spines which 

are located in the middle of the whorl. It is believed to be 

characteristic of the Santa Margarita formation................ ' 21

* OSTREA TITAN Conrad.

Figure 5. Exterior of right valve; longitude 174 mm., one-half natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165617, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; 

locality 4766............................................... 21

126
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE X

SANTA MARGARITA FOSSILS.
PLATE XI.

127
PLATE XI.

SANTA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) AND 

JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

ASTRODAPSIS WHITNEYI Remond.

Page.

Figure 1. Top of back of imperfect specimen, maximum diameter 76 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165594, U.S.N.M. SantaMargarita(?) 

formation; locality 4766. This species is believed to be characteristic of the Santa Margarita (?) formation in the Coalinga 

district...................................................... 63

OSTREA TITAN Conrad.

Figure 2. Exterior of left valve, altitude 290 mm., one-half natural size. Catalogue No. 165617, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; 

locality 4766. This magnificent Ostrea is found abundantly 

throughout the Miocene, especially in the upper half of the 

middle Miocene; it sometimes attains a length of 20 inches and 

a weight-of over 20 pounds.................................... 21

PLIOHIPPUS sp. a.

Figure 3. Side, longitude 49 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165665, U.S.N.M. 

Jacalitos formation, NW £ sec. 22', T. 19 S., R. 15 E. The extinct horse, of which this tooth is all that was found, is believed 

to be characteristic of the upper Miocene....................... 26

3a. Crown of same specimen.

THAIS CRISPATUS Chemnitz.

Figure 4. Front of de"collet6 and otherwise slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 44 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165532 U.S.N.M. 

Upper Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. This species ranges 

from the upper Miocene to the Recent fauna, and is an exceedingly variable species, some specimens being almost smooth, 

others strongly sculptured. The'genus Thais has heretofore 

been commonly known as Purpura ............................ 26

128
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XI

SANTA MARGARITA AND JACALITOS FOSSILS.
PLATE XII.

88866 Bull. 396 09 9 129
PLATE XII.

SANTA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) AND 

JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

PECTEN CRASSICAKDO Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, altitude 165 mm., one-half natural size. Catalogue No. 165615, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; locality No. 4766. This species is characterized by its large size, fine 

radial striations and lack of prominent intercalary rib. Ranges 

throughout the Miocene. Is usually more abundant in the middle and upper portions........................................ 21

MACOMA VANVLECKI n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 54 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165576, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763 

(See PI. XVI, fig. 1)......................................... 65

SCHIZODESMA ABSCISSA Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, longitude 100 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165604, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. This 

species is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene..,, 26

130
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XII

SANTA MARGARITA AND JACALITOS FOSSILS.
PLATE XIII.

131
PLATE 

JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) ECHINODERMATA.

ECHINARACHNIUS GiBBsii Remond.

Page.

Figure 1. Top, longitude 81 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165611, U.S.N.M. 

Jacalitos formation; locality 4747. This large variety is believed to be characteristic of the lower part of the Jacalitos........ 25

2. Bottom of another specimen, longitude 87 mm., natural size. Same 

locality.

132 :
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XIII

/ 

- JACALITOS ECHINODERMATA.
PLATE XIV.

133
PLATE XIV. 

JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

MONIA MACROSCHISMA Deshayes.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 66 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165602, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4767. This species ranges from upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. Erroneously called Placunanomia macroschisma. ..................... 25

TELLINA ARAGONIA Dall.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 48 mm., natural size. Catalogue No1. 

165577, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. This 

species which was originally described from the Empire formation at Coos Bay, Oregon, is believed to be characteristic of the 

upper Miocene............. ................................... 26

TROPHON (FORRERIA) PONDEROSUM Gabb.

Figure 3. Back of young specimen, longitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue. 

No. 165590, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4642. 

This species is common in the Jacalitos formation and rare in 

the Etchegoin............................................... 25

CHRYSODOMUS IMPERIALIS Dall.

Figure 4. Back of nearly perfect specimen, longitude 57 mm., natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165582, U.S.N.M. Upper Jacalitos formation; 

locality 4767. This species, which is characterized by its broad

outline and peculiar reflexed varices, is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene. It is found in Oregon, in Santa 

Cruz County, and at one or two localities in the Coalinga district. 26

TROPHON (FORRERIA) PONDEROSUM Gabb.

Figure 5. Side of imperfect specimen; altitude 86 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165562, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4847. 

6. Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 72 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165555, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. 25

134
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XIV

JACALITOS FOSSILS.
PLATE XV.

135
PLATE XV. 

JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

PANOPEA ESTRELLANA Conrad.

Page

Figure 1. Exterior of imperfect right valve, longitude 80 mm., natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165568,. U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 

4765....................:.................................... 64

CHIONE SECURIS Shumarcl.

Figure 2. Exterior of slightly imperfect left valve, longitude 87 mm., natural 

size. Catalogue No. 165599, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; 

locality 4763. ' This species, which is more inequilateral than 

Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson, is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene..................................... 25

MACOMA sp. a.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, altitude 29 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165588, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763.......... 64

THAIS KETTLEMANENSIS n. Sp.

Figure 4. Back of a decollete' and otherwise imperfect specimen, longitude 53 

mm., natural size. Paratype, catalogue No. 165614, U.S.N.M. 

Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. This genus was formerly 

known as Purpura........................................... 69

ASTROD APSIS JACALITOSENSIS n. sp.

Figure 5. Top, longitude 79 mm.,, natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165610,

U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4745.................. 63

MARGARET A JOHNSONI n. sp.

Figure 6. Front, altitude 6 mm., X 3. Type, catalogue No. 165663, U.S.N.M.

Jacalitos formation; locality 4765.............................. 69

136
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XV

JACALITOS FOSSILS.
PLATE XVI.

137
PLATE XVI. 

JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) PELECYPODA.

MACOMA VANVLECKI n. sp.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 54 mm. Type, catalogue No. 165576, 

U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. (See PI. XII, 

fig. 2)...............................................:....... 65

MACOMA JACALITOSANA n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 70 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165613, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. 65

PAPHIA JACALITOSENSIS n. sp.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude 57 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165587, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765.. 66

THRACIA JACALITOSANA n. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of cast of left valve, longitude 51 mm., natural size. Type, 

catalogue No. 165579, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 

^ 4763......................................................... 68

DOSINIA JACALITOSANA II. Sp.

Figure 5. Exterior of right valve, longitude 95 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165575, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763.. 67

138
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XVI

JACALITOS PELECYPODA.
PLATE XVII.

139
PLATE XVII. 

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

OSTREA ATWOODI Gabb.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 59 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165531, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4678. 

This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper Jacalitos and lower Etchegoin formations, or middle portion of upper 

Miocene.................................................... 31

2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 48 mm. Same locality.

MULINIA DENSATA Conrad.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, longitude 65 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165559, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 

4682. This species ranges throughout the Miocene, but is more 

commonly found in the upper Miocene. It is sometimes known 

as Pseudocardiumgabbi.. ..................................... 54

4. Interior of left valve, longitude 75 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165559 U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4679.... 54

DIPLODONTA PARILIS Conrad.

Figure 5. Exterior of right valve, longitude 31 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165484, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 

4806. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper 

Miocene; it is known also from Oregon....................... 30

DIPLODONTA HARFORDI F. M. Anderson.

Figure 6. Exterior of right valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165485, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 

4806. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper

Miocene and has so far been recognized only in the Coalinga 

district.....................................-................ 30

CARDIUM MEEKIANUM Gabb.

Figure 7. Exterior of decorticated left valve, altitude 70 mm., natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165542, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; 

 locality 4806. The external surface of this fossil is almost always 

gone. It is an abundant species in one or two of the layers of 

the lower Etchegoin, but has a range elsewhere from the upper 

Miocene to the lower Pliocene................................ 30

140
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XVII

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XVIII.

141
PLATE XVIII.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

ARCA TRILINEATA Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165534, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 

4665. This species, which is variable both in outline and 

number and sculpture of ribs, ranges from the upper Miocene 

to the Pliocene. It is abundant in the upper Miocene marine 

faunas in the Coalinga district................................ 30

la. Umbones of same specimen.

THAIS ETCHEGOINENSIS n. sp.

Figure 2. Front of slightly de'collete' specimen, longitude 38 mm., natural 

size. Type, catalogue No. 165533, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality No. 4697. The genus Thais was formerl y known as Purpura. ................................... 89

PAPHIA TENERRIMA Carpenter.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, longitude 83 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165544, U.S.N.M. Middle Etchegoin formation; locality 

4664. This species is quite abundant in the middle Etchegoin 

beds on White Creek and Anticline Ridge. It ranges from the 

upper Miocene to the Recent fauna.......................... 31

PANOPEA GENEROSA Gould.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 104 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165556, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 

4658. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the Recent 

fauna....................................................... 31

142
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XVIII

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XIX.

143
PLATE XIX. 

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

ECHINARACHNIUS GiBBSii Remond var. ASHLEYI Arnold.

1'age.

Figure 1. Top, longitude 60 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165548, U.S.N.M. 

Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4767. An abundant form 

at this locality, also in the Santa Maria district.

ECHINARACHNITJS GIBBSII Remond.

Figure 2. Top, longitude 54 mm. Catalogue No. 165547, U.S.N.M. Locality 

4661. A relatively narrower specimen than that shown in 

Plate XX, figure 7.......................................... 30

GLYCYMERIS COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 3. Exterior of decorticated right valve, longitude-42 mml, natural size. 

Type, catalogue No. 165526, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4806. This genus was formerly known as 

Pectunculus ................................................ 80

MACTRA ALBARIA Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of an imperfect right valve from which a portion of the 

anterior extremity has been eroded; altitude 63 mm.,'natural 

size. Catalogue No. 165552, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin 

formation;, locality 4665. This species, which is believed to 

be characteristic of the upper Miocene, is found abundantly 

in Oregon, but only a few specimens were obtained in the 

Coalinga district...................-..-..------.-..-..-..--. 30

MYTILUS (MYTILOCONCHA) COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 5. Exterior of imperfect left valve, altitude 100 mm., natural size. 

Paratype, catalogue No. 165557, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin 

formation; locality 4668..................................... 73

144
U. S. QEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XIX

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XX..

88866 Bull. 396 09 10 145
PLATE XX. 

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

MACOMA SECTA Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 75 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165592, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4806. 

This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. 30

NEVERITA RECLUZIANA Petit.

Figure 2. Front view of decorticated and slightly imperfect specimen,'altitude 

36 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165486, U.S.N.M. Upper 

Etchegoin formation; locality 4710. This species ranges from 

the upper Miocene to the Recent fauna....................... 31

GLYCYMERIS SEPTENTRIONALIS Middendorf. ,

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, longitude 24 mm. Catalogue No. 165527, 

U.S.N.M. Lower part of the Etehegoin formation; locality 

4806. This genus was formerly known as Pectunculus......... 82

3a. Interior view of same specimen.

MODIOLUS RECTUS Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve from which the outer surface of the shell has 

been removed,.longitude 86 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165535, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality, 4698. 

This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent and is 

characterized by its angular posterior outline ................. 3.0

NEVERITA RECLUZIANA Petit var. ALTA Dall.

Figure 5. Front of slightly imperfect specimen, altitude 28 mm., natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165489, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; 

locality 4709. This variety ranges from the upper Miocene to the 

Recent fauna.............................................. 32

5a. Back of same specimen.

MACOMA NASUTA Conrad.

Figure 6. Exterior of slightly imperfect right valve, longitude 70 mm., natural 

size. Catalogue No. 165514, U.S.N.M. Lower part of the 

Etchegoin formation; locality 4756. This species ranges from 

the lower Miocene to the Recent fauna....................... 30

ECHINARACHNIUS GiBBSii Re'mond. ,

Figure 7. Top, longitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165547, U.S.N.M. 

Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4661. This figure illustrates a typical undistorted specimen. The specimens found 

in this district are usually more or less distorted. The species 

ranges through the Jacalitos and Etchegoin formations. (See 

PI. XIX, fig.2)............................................. 30

146
U. S. GEOLOQICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XX

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XXI.

147
PLATE XXL

JACALITOS (EARLY UPPER MIOCENE) AND ETCHEGOIN 

(UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

THAIS KETTLEMANENSIS n. sp.

Figure 1. Front of decorticated and slightly imperfect specimen; altitude 82 

mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165585, U.S.N.M. 

Lower Etchegoin and Jacalitos formation; locality 4680 ........ 69

la. Back of same specimen.

CRYPTOMYA QUADKATA n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 35 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165525, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; 

locality 4665................................................ 71

2a. Exterior of left valve of same specimen.

MULINIA DENSATA Conrad.

Figure 3. Front of both valves, altitude 50 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165554, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4754. 

This species is usually confined to the upper Miocene, although 

it is known to extend down into the Vaqueros. It is sometimes 

listed as Pseudocardium gabbi Esmond ....................... 54

SAXIDOMUS NUTTALLI Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve 105 mm., two-thirds natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165529, U.S.N.M. Upper part of Jacalitos formation; 

locality 4656. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to 

tne Recent fauna............................................ 31

148
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XX!

JACALITOS AND ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XXII.

149
PLATE XXII. 

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

LUNATIA LEWISII Gould.

Page.

Figure 1. Front of slightly imperfect internal cast which, however, shows the 

general outline of the shell. Altitude 90 mm., natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165541, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; 

locality 4665. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the 

Recent fauna............................................... 31

PLEUROTOMA COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 2. Front, longitude 20 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165509,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4806......... 90

TUREITELLA VANVLECKI n. Sp.

Figure 3. Back of decollet6 and otherwise somewhat imperfect specimen; 

longitude 57 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165496, 

U.S.N.M. Middle Etchegoin formation; locality 4658 ......... 85

TROPHON (FORRERIA) COALINGENSE n. sp.

Figure 4. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 65 mm., natural size. Type, 

catalogue No. 165540, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; 

locality 4857................................................. 87

CRYPTOMYA OVALIS Conrad.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165589, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4845. 

This specimen appears to be intermediate between the typical 

Cryptomya ovalis Conrad and Cryptomya quddrata n. sp......... 30

MYTILUS (MYTILOCONCHA) COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 6. Exterior of umbonal region of a moderate-sized right valve, longitude 

105 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165551, U.S.N.M. 

Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4656..................... 73

150
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXII

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XXIII.

151
PLATE XXIII. 

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

PECTEN (PATINOPECTEN) OWENI Arnold.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, anterior ear slightly broken, altitude 85 mm., 

slightly reduced. Type; Coll. Univ. California. Foxin's 

ranch, Santa Barbara County. A characteristic species in the 

upper Miocene............................................... 31

CREPIDULA PRINCEPS Conrad.

Figure 2. View of interior; longitude 106 mm., slightly reduced. Catalogue 

No. 165315, U.S.N.M. Packard's Hill, Santa Barbara. Found 

throughout the Miocene and Pliocene in California............ 31

ASTRANGIA COAL1NGENSIS Vailghan.

Figure 3. View of top of group of specimens, maximum altitude 20 mm., X 3. 

Type, catalogue No. 165666, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin 

formation; locality 4710. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene............................... 34

152
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXIII

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XXIV.

153
PLATE XXIV.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

#

SIGARETUS SCOPULOSUS Conrad.

Figure 1. Top, maximum diameter 36 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165524, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4662. 

This species ranges from the Oligocene to the lower Pliocene... 32

PLACUNANOMIA CALIFORNICA n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, altitude 66 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165546, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; 

locality 4715................................................ 75

2a. Interior of same specimen. 

3. Interior of left valve, paratype, altitude 67 mm., natural size.

OSTREA VESPERTINA Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 57 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165536, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4715.. 77 

5. Right valve, longitude 67 mm. Same locality.

154
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXIV

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XXY.

155
PLATE XXV.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON, 

AND TULARE (PLIOCENE) FOSSILS.

ASTYRIS RICHTHOFENI Gabb.

 . Page.

Figure 1. Front of a rather poorly preserved specimen, altitude 11 mm., X 2. 

Catalogue No. 165510, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; 

locality 4806. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to 

the Pliocene................................................ 30

TROPHON (BOREOTROPHON) STUARTI Smith.

Figure 2. Back of body whorl and portion of penultimate whorl, longitude 25 

mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165492, U.S.N.M. Upper 

Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. This species ranges from 

the upper Miocene to the Recent and is a boreal type.......... 32

SEMELE RUBROPICTA Dall.

Figure 3. Slightly imperfect right valve, longitude 31 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165517, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; 

locality 4758. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to 

the Recent fauna ........................................... 31

MACTRA COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of imperfect left valve, altitude 52 mm., natural size. 

Type, catalogue No. 165513, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4806......................................... 71

MACOMA NASUTA Conrad.

Figure 5. Imperfect left valve, longitude 69 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165515, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758.. 30

BULBOUS GROWTH ON FISH SKELETON.

Figure 6. Top, longitude 52 mm., natural size. CatalogueNo.165495,U.S.N.M.

Tulare formation; locality 4740............................... 100

6a. Bottom of same specimen. 

6b. Side of same specimen.

FISH SPINE.

Figure 7. Side,longitude49mm.,naturalsize. CatalogueNo.165493,U.S.N.M.

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4740................... 100

7a. Base of same specimen.

BULBOUS GROWTH ON FISH SKELETON.

Figure 8. Grooved base, longitude 40 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

. 165494, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4731............ 100

CARCHARODON ARNOLDI Jordan.

Figure 9. Back,longitude50mm.,naturalsize. Catalogue No. 165488, U.S.N.M. 

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4709. This extinct species of shark is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene 

and lower Pliocene.......................................... 36

156
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXV

ETCHEGOIN AND TULARE FOSSILS.
PLATE XXVI.

157
PLATE XXVL 

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

PECTEN COALINGAENSIS Arnold.

Page. .

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, longitude 58 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165530, U.S.N.M. Upper part of Etchegoin formation; locality 

4710. This speciesas believed to be characteristic of the upper 

part of the Etchegoin formation at the top of the Miocene...... 31

2. Left valve, longitude 55 mm., natural size. Same locality.

PECTEN (PLAGIOCTENIUM) DESERTI Conrad.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165518, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4715... 76 

4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Same locality.

CHAMA PELLUCIDA Sowerby.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, altitude 42 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

 165482, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4710. 

This species ranges from the upper Miocene to Recent, but is 

found in the Coalinga district only in the upper Etchegoin... 30 

6. Exterior of right valve; altitude 24 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165482, U.S.N.M. Locality same as last,

TRANSENNELLA CALIFORNICA n. sp.

Figure 7. Exterior of right valve; longitude 5.5mm., X 5. Type, catalogueNo.

165553, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4715. 72 

7a. Interior of same specimen.

PAPHIA STALEYI? Gabb.

Figure 8. Right valve of young specimen; longitude 8.5 mm., X 3. Catalogue 

No. 165516, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 

4715. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper 

Miocene and Pliocene. It was formerly called Tapes staleyi.. 31

CHRYSODOMUS PORTOLAENSIS Arnold.

Figure 9. Front, longitude 64 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165473, 

U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4665. This species 

is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene, and is 

found abundantly in the lower Purisima formation near Portola 

in San- Mateo County and in several other localities south of 

there.....................................;.................. 31

CANCELLARIA TRITONIDEA Gabb.

Figure 10. Front, longitude 78 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165561, 

U.S.N.M. Upper San Pedro formation, San Pedro, California. 

This species is believed to range from the upper Miocene to the 

Pleistocene. The specimen figured is from the type locality.... 31 

158
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXVI

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XXVII.

159
PLATE XXVII. 

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

PECTEN (CHLAMYS) WATTSI Arnold.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, altitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165550, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 

4712. This specimen is also from the type locality. The species 

ranges from the upper Miocene to the lower Pliocene and is 

found in the Coalinga district only in the upper Etchegoin.... 77 

2. Exterior of left valve, altitude 76 mm., natural size. Same locality.

PECTEN NUTTERI Arnold.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude, 67 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165549, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 

4712. This specimen is from the type locality of the species, 

where it is moderately abundant. It is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene and possibly lower Pliocene...... 31

4. Exterior of left valve, altitude .63 mm. Same locality.

TEREBRATALIA SMITHI Arnold.

Figure 5. Exterior of dorsal valve showing beak Of ventral valve, altitude of 

former 22 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165512, U.S.N.M. 

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758. This brachiopod is 

very abundant in the Pecten coalingaensis horizon............. 30

5a. Ventral valve of same specimen. Longitude 27.5 mm., natural size.

CALLIOSTOMA KERRI n. sp. 1 a

Figure 6. Front of slightly distorted specimen, altitude 18.5 mm., natural 

size. Type, catalogue No. 165500, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758................................ 84

CALLIOSTOMA COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 7. Front view of slightly distorted specimen, altitude 21 mm., natural 

size. Type, catalogue No. 165499, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin 

formation; locality 4758...................................... 83

NASSA CALIFORNIANA Conrad.

Figure 8. Front of a slightly imperfect young and unusually nodose specimen, 

altitude 13.5 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165508, U.S.N.M. 

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4806. This species ranges 

from the upper Miocene to the Pleistocene and may possibly 

have living representatives. This nodose form is apparently 

characteristic of the upper Miocene.......................... 31

NASSA CALIFORNIANA Conrad var. COALINGENSIS n. var.

Figure 9. Front, altitude 32 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165511,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758.......... 88

CLIDIOPHORA PUNCTATA Conrad.

Figure 10. Exterior of left valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165497, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 

4806. This species, in which the right valve is somewhat flatter 

than the left, ranges from the upper Miocene to Recent fauna.. 30 

160
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXVII

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
88866 Bull. 396-^097 II' '.'.'"' ' ', ' '' ' . ' 161
PLATE XXVIII.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) ECHINODERMATA: UPPER

HORIZON.

SCUTELLA PERRINI Weaver.

Page.

Figure 1. Top, longitude 46 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165560, U.S.N.M. 

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. This species ij 

believed to be characteristic of the uppermost Miocene and 

possibly lower Pliocene...................................... 30

2. Bottom, longitude 45 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165560, 

U.S.N.M. Same locality.

ASTROD APSIS? sp. a.

Figure 3. Top; longitude 28 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165701, U.S.N.M. 

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. A common form in 

this horizon.................................................. 30

3a. Bottom of same specimen.

ECHINARACHNIUS GiBBSii Remond.

Figure 4. Top of young specimen, longitude 33 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165537. U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4710. 

This is the most abundant sand dollar in the district and is found 

throughout both the Jacaiitos and Etchegoin formations....... 30

4a. Bottom of same specimen.

ASTROD APSIS sp. indet.

Figures. Top of young specimen, longitude 10.5 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165538. U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4708. 

Found in the upper Etchegoin formation....................... 30

5a. Bottom of same specimen.

162
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXVIII

ETCHEGOIN ECHINODERMATA.
PLATE XXIX.

163
PLATE XXIX.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPERMOST

FOSSIL BED.

LlTTORINA MARIANA n. Sp.

Page. 

Figure 1. Front, longitude 14.5 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165481,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4718.......... 86

LITTORINA MARIANA var. ALTA n. var.

Figure 2. Front, longitude 17 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165487,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4730.......... 87

MACOMA INQUINATA Deshayes.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, longitude 46 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165483, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 

4736. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent 

fauna....................................................... 30

G0uld.( '. 'i

Figure 4. Exterior of imperfect left valve; longitude 45 mm., natural size. 

Catalogue No. 165491, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; 

locality 4728. This species ranges from the Miocene to the 

Recent fauna, and is particularly abundant in the Coalinga district in the upper Mya zone.................................. 31

OSTREA VESPERTINA Conrad var. SEQUENS n. var.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 42 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165545, U.S.N.M. Uppermost Etchegoin formation;

locality 4728................................................ 79

6. Exterior of right valve, longitude 41 mm. Same locality.

MYA JAPONICA Jay.

Figure 7. Interior of left valve, longitude 56 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 

165479, U.S.N.M. (Perry's voyage). Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4736. This species is intermediate between M. 

truncata Linn, and M. arenaria Linn., and extends from the upper 

Miocene to the Recent fauna; it is a cold-water form.......... 30

8. Exterior of left valve, longitude 66 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165480, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 

4736....................................................... 30

164
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXIX

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.
PLATE XXX.

165
PLATE XXX.

TULARE (FRESH AND BRACKISH WATER PLIOCENE)

FOSSILS.

SPEUEKIUM KETTLEMANENSIS n. sp.

Page. 

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve; longitude 8 mm., X 4. Type, catalogue No.

165519. Tulare formation; locality 4731..................... 94

la. Interior of same specimen.

SPH^RIUM COOPERI n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve; longitude 9.5 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No.

165528, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4732............. '94

2a. Interior of same specimen.

CARINIFEX MARSHALLI n. sp.

FigureS. Front, maximum diameter 3.7 mm., X 5. Type, catalogue No. 165507,

U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4732.................... 96

3a. Top of same specimen. 

3b. Bottom of same specimen.

PLANORBIS VANVLECKI n. sp.

Figure 4. Top maximum diameter 4.5 mm., Xj>. Type, catalogue No. 165506,

U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4731................... 95

4a. Bottom of same specimen.

PHYSA HUMEROSA Gould.

Figures. Front, longitude 8.5 mm., X 3. Catalogue No. 165502, U.S.N.M. 

Tulare formation; .locality 4732. .This species ranges from the 

Pliocene to the Recent fauna................................. 47

PHYSA WATTSI n. sp.

Figure 6. Back, longitude 6 mm., X 3. Type, catalogue No. 165503, U.S.N.M.

Tulare formation; locality 4732............................... 97

GONIOBASIS KETTLEMANENSIS n. sp.

Figure 7. 'Front of a rather large specimen, altitude 22.5 mm, X2. Type, catalogue No. 165501, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4715. 

Also found in the Etchegoin formation........................ 99

GONIOBASIS NIGRINA? Lea.

Figure 8. Front of somewhat imperfect specimen, longitude 6 mm., X 5. Catalogue No. 165504, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4732. 

This species is rather rare in the Tulare. It extends to the 

Recent fauna................................................ 47

166
AMNICOLA ANDERSONI n. sp.

Page. 

Figure 9. Front, longitude 4 mm., X 5. Type, catalogue No. 165505, U.S.N.M.

Tulare formation; locality 4732................................ 98

ANODONTA KETTLEMANENSIS n. sp.

Figure 10. Exterior of left valve, longitude 59 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165522, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4731 91

GONIDEA COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 11. Exterior of left valve, longitude 73 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165521, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4739.. 92

OSTREA LURIDA Carpenter.

Figure 12. Exterior of left valve, altitude 36.5 mm., natural size. Catalogue 

No. 165520, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4743. This 

species, which is much less prominently corrugated than Ostrea 

vespertina Conrad, ranges from the uppermost Etchegoin (upper 

Miocene) to the Recent fauna........ ........................ 47

167
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XXX

TULARE FOSSILS.
I N D E

Names In italic are synonyms; figures in italic denote illustrations; figures in black face refer to

descriptions.

A.

... ' ^ageAcknowledgments to those aiding. .......... 5-6

Actseon sp.................................... 13

Agasoma gravida Gabb .:................... 18

ke'rriianum Conrad ...................... 18

santacruzana Arnold........:....... 18,19, 19%

Amauropsis alveata Conrad .....;.......... 13, 114

oviformis Gabb ....'....'....:. '....../.. 13,112

Ammonites sp.............^.'......:,.,'.'...... 11

Amnicola.Gqulol and H'aideman ......... 48,98-99

.andersoni n. sp ............ I..., 47J 48) 98-99. 167

longinqua Gould........................ 98

turbiniformis Cooper..................... 98

.turbiniformis Tryon............... 1...... 48,99

sp....................................... 47

Anderson, F. M., fossils determined by... 12,14,18 

on Temblor beds........................ 19

work of................................. 6

Anderson, Robert) fossils collected by-.-.:-.-... 13,

 17,21,'29 

wo'rk'of .' ..'."..'.-...'. '..-. !-.'. .'.r.............. -'5, 6

Ano'donta'Cuvie'r '. .':.'.. .". .=. '..'.:...'.:.. : :'.-... "91,92 

califorriiensis Lea......].'...........'...:." 92

decurtata Conrad ....................... ,48,'91

'decurtatd Cooper..............:.:....:.'.. 91

kettlemanensis n. sp.......... 47,48,91-92, 167

nuttaliana Lea...............:.......:.: '48,91

bregohensis Lea .................'.....'...-'. 91

wahlametensis var. exilior Lea ..'...-.. ...- 92

Anomia lineata Gabb ......... .-..'.....:; ..'.. 11

Anthozoa ......................... 14,30,34,38; 152

Area ........................................ 29,43

 oblspoana Conrad ....................... 17

osmonti Ball...............'......... 17,19, ISO

trilineata Conrad. ..:. 24,25,27,30,34,38,42, 142 

vancouverensisMeek.................... 11

sp................................... 30,34,38

Architectonica hornii Gabb ................. 14

sp....................................... 12

Arnold, Ralph, fossils determined by.. 13,17,21,29 

work of.................................. 6

Astrangia coalingensis Vaughari...... 30,34,38, 162

Astrodapsis Conrad ......................... 63-64

 jacalitosensisn.sp......... 24,25,27,63-64, 1S6

tumidus R6mond .................... 30,34,38

whitneyl Remond................... 21,63, 128

sp.'.............'.................. 30,34,38, 168

Astyrls richthofeni Gabb............. 31,35,39, 156

Aucella crassicollis Keyserling............... 11

Avicula linguseformis Evans and Shumard. 11,104

B.

: ; . Page. 

Baculiteschicoensis'Trask.......:.......... 11^0$

sp................ ...:.,................. 12

Balanus......:.......... .....-................. .. 29

concavus Bronn...................... 32,36,4(1

sp........................... 18,25,26,32,36,40

Barbatia morsel Gabb................... 13,16, 108

Bathytoma................................. 61

carpenteriana Gabb.........::.......... 01

var. fernandoana Arnold ...... 31,35,39,62

keepi Arnold...'......................... 6'.J

pierce! n. sp ..............'....... 18, 61-62, 184

tryoniana Gabb......................... 62

Belemnites impressus Gabb................. 11

Bibliography, outline of..................... 6-7

Boreotrophon stuarti Smith....... 32,36,40,88, -15G

Brachiopoda ...................... 14,30,34,38; 160

Branchiolambrus altus Rath bun ............ . 13

C. ' 

Calliostoma Swainson....................... 88-85

 coalingensis n. sp .......... 31,35,39,83-84, 160

costata Martyn........................... 83

kerri n. sp '.^.............. 31,35,39,84-85, 160

variegatum Carpenter................... 84,

Callista...................................... ' 68

Cancellaria Lamarck ..................... 52,60-61

andersoni n. sp.................. 18,60-61, Ity

elongata Gabb........................... 14

irelaniana Cooper..;.....'.'.......... 13,52, 114

tritonidea Gabb ..............'.... 31,35,39, 168

vetusta Gabb .....................'... 18,19,1514

Cancer fissus Rathbun...:....;........... 32,36,40

Carcharodon arnoldi Jordan.......... 32,36,40, 1G6

Cardium (Linnseus) Lamarck............... 57

breweri Gabb.......'.................... 13

cpbperi Gabb........................ 13,15, 108

coosense Ball......................... 30,34,38

meekianum Gabb.... 24,25,27,30,34,38,42, 140

quadrigenarium Conrad .... :............. 57

(Trachycardium) vaquerosensis Arnold.. 17,

: 57, 1?4

sp ..............:............ 13,24,25,30,34,38

Carinifex Binney........................'.... 96-97

marshalli n. sp ................ 47,48,96-97, 166

newberryi Cooper. ...................:. .-. ' 96-

newberryi Lea.......................... 48,97

Cassidulus californicus F. M. Anderson..... 13, 112

Cephalopoda............................ 11,12, 104

Cetaceffi................................... 32,36,40

Chama pellucida Brpderip............ 30,34,38, 158

169
170 INDEX.

Page. 

Chico rocks, correlation of................... 9

fossils of............................. 11-12, 104

Chione..:......'...................:......... 68

conradiana F. M. Anderson............. 17,21

securis Shumard................. 24,25,27, 136

temblorensis F. M. Anderson........ 17,68, 188

sp....................................... 24,25

Chlamys Bolten............................. 77

wattsi Arnold........................... 160

wattsi Arnold var. etchegoini F. M. Anderson. ............................... 77

Chrysodomus............................... 70

imperialis Dall ............ 25,26,31,35,39, 134

portolaensis Arnold...... 25,26,27,31,35,39, 158

Cinulia obliqua Gabb....................... 12

Cirripedia ................ 18,21,25,26,32,36,40, 1S6

Clidiophora punctata Conrad......... 30,34,38, 160

Coast Range, rocks of, correlation of......... 9

Conus LinnEeus..............................62-63

fergusoni Sowerby,...................... 62

hayesin. sp..................... 18,62-63,^8

owenianus F. M. Anderson............. 18, 124

purpuraceus Broderip................... 62

Cooper, J. G., fossils determined by ......... 6

Corbicula dumblei F. M. Anderson......... 17, 188

Corbulaparilis Gabb........................ 106

Correlation, table showing................... 9

Crassatellites grandis Gabb ............ 13, 106,109

Crepidula prEerupta Conrad................. 18

princeps Conrad............ 25,26,31,35,39, 158

sp....................................... 18

Cretaceous rocks, occurrence and character of. 10-12 

Crustacea............................. 18,32,36, 40

Cryptomya Conrad.......................... 71

californica Conrad....................... .71

ovalis Conrad..... 21,24,25,27,30,34,38,71, 150

quadrata n. sp................ 30,34,38,71, 148

Cumingia californica Conrad.............. 30,34,38

Cyclammina sp ............................. 14

Cylichna costata Gabb.................. 13,15, 114

D. 

Dall, W. H., supervision of.................. 5

Dentalium cooperi Gabb ............... 13,15, 113

Desmoceras hofimanni Gabb................ 12

Diablo Range, description of...'............. 7-8

Diplodonta harfordi F. M. Anderson........ 24,

25,27,30,34,38,42,^0 

parilis Conrad ........ 24,25,27,30,34,38,42, HO

sf....................................... 24,'^5

Dosinia Scopoli............................. 67-68

conradi Gabb ........................... 67

jacalitosana n. sp .......... 24,25,27, 67-68, 1S8

longula Conrad.......................... 68

mathewsonii Gabb.................. 17,67,116

montana Conrad........................ 67

ponderosa Gray.................. 17,21,67, 124

subobliqua Conrad...................... 68

Drillia torosa Carpenter..................... 24

E. 

Echinarachnius.......................... 29,44,48

gibbsii Remond......................... 24,

25,27,30,34,38,42, 438,144,146,168 

var. ashleyi Arnold................. 144

sp....................................... 47

Page. 

Echinodermata ............. 13,18,21,24,25,30,34,

38,47,63-64, 118,118,188,132,136,144-146,168 

Ellipsosmilia granulifera Gabb.............. 14

Eocene rocks, occurrence and character of... 12-16 

Etchegoin formation, age of................. 45

correlation of.......................... 9,44-45

description of........................... 28-29

fossils of.................. 29-41,71-90, Ufl, 164

zones of............................. 42-44

F.

Ficus pyriformis Gabb...................... 18

Field work, outline of....................... 5

Field work, former, outline of............... 6-7

Foraminifera................................ 13,14

Forreria Jousseaume................. 59-60,87-88

bartoni n. sp..................... 18,59-60, 120

carisaensis F. M. Anderson.......... 21,22,126

coalingense n. sp........... 32,36,40,87-88, ISO

gabbianum F. M. Anderson......... 18,60, 116

var. cancellarioides n. var....... 18,60, US

kernensis F. M. Anderson............... 59

ponderosum Gabb.... 25,26,27,32,36,40,88, 134

Franciscan formation, description of......... 10

fossils of................................. 10

Fusus diaboli Gabb......................... 14

martinez Gabb....................... ; .. 14

remondii Gabb.......................... 13

G.

Galerus excentricus Gabb.................. 14, 112

Gari texta Gabb............................ 14

Gasteropoda........ 11,12,13-14,18,21,25,26,31-32,

35-36,39-40,47, 51-54,59-63, 69-70,83-90,95-

100, 104, 116-128,134-136, 148,146-160, 164-167

Geology, outline of.......................... 8-48

Glycymeris Da Costa................. 28-29,80-83

barbarensis Conrad...................... 81

branneri Arnold.......................... 81

coalingensis n. sp....... 30,34,38,42,80-82, 144

conradi Dall............................. 81

estrellana Conrad........................ 64

gabbi Dall............................... 81

generosa Gould.......................... 64

grewingki Dall.................'......... 81,82

intermedia Broderip.................... 81

septentrionalis Middendorf............. 30,

34,38,42,81,82-83, LfG 

var. subobsoletus Carpenter.......... 81

veatchii Gabb........................... 12

sp.............................. 24,25,30,34,38

Gonidea Conrad............................ 92-93

angulata Lea............................ 92

var. haroldi Dall.................... 92,93

coalingensis n. sp............. 47,48,92-93, 167

var. cooperi n. var................. 47,48,93

Goniobasis Lea...................... 44,48,99-100

kettlemanensisn.sp.................:... 31

35,39, 47, 48,99-100, 166 

nigrina Lea......................... 47,48, 166

occata Cooper............................ 99

occata Hinds............................. 48

virginica Say............................ 99
INDEX. 171

Gryphostrea subeversa Conrad. 

Gyrodes sp.....................

Page.

50

12

H.

Hemifusus wilkesana F. M. Anderson....... 18

Hinnites giganteus Gray................... 21, 186

Hoplites..'.................................. 11

I.

Inoceramus whitneyi Gabb. 

sp......................

J.

Jacalitos formation, correlation of............ 9

definition of............................. 28

description of .......................... 22-24

fossils of.......................... 24-26,63-70

zones of................. 27-28, 128-138,148

Johnson, H. R., aid of....................... 5

Jurassic rocks, occurrence and character of.. 10

Knoxville-Chico rocks, description of........ 10

fossils of................................. 11-12

Knoxville rocks, correlation of.............. 9

fossils of................................. 11

L. 

Lagena sp................................... 14

Leda gabbi Conrad................... 13,15,10, 100

Leptothyra................................. 69

Literature,list of............................ 6-7

Littorina Ferussac.......................... 86-87

grandis Middendorf..................... 43,86

mariana n. sp..... 31,35,39,42, 43,47,86-87, 164

var. alta n. sp.......... 31,35,39,42,87, 164

petricola Dall........................... 86

Location of region........................... 7

Los Angeles, rocks at, correlation of......... 9

Loxorhynchus grandis Stimpson......... 32,36,40

Loxotrema turrita Gabb.................... 14, 113

Lucina acutilineata......................... 123

Lunatiahornii Gabb.................... 14,15, US

levvisii Gould............... 25,20,31,35,39, 150

sp'................................... 11,14, 118

Lytocerassacya Forbes.................... ; . 12

 M.

McKittrick formation, correlation of......... 22

Macoma Leach....................... 55-56,64-66

indentata Conrad....................... 66

inquinata Deshayes........ 30,34,38,43,86, 164

jacalitosana n.sp................. 24,25,65, 138

nasuta Conrad......... 21, 30,34,38,05, 146,156

piercei n. sp..................... 17,55-56, ISO

secta Conrad ...... 17,24,25,27,30,34,38,55, 146

vanvlecki n. sp........ 24,25,27,65-66, ISO, 138

sp................... 24,25,30,34,38, 64-65, 136

Mactra Linnaeus............................ 71-72

albaria Conrad ................... 30,34,38, HZ

ashburneri Gabb....................... 11, 104

coalingensis. n. sp .......... 30,34,38,71-72, 156

falcata Gould..........................'.. 72

Page. 

Mammalia.............................. 25,26, 128

Margarita Leach............................ 96

johnsoni n. sp.................... 25,26,69, 136

pupilla Gould........................... 69

sp..................:................. 31,35,39

Margaritana subangulata Cooper............. 48

Meekia sella Gabb........................... 11, 104

Melongena sp............................. 25,26,27

Meretrix.................................... 49-50

gabbi n. sp....................... 13,49-50, 108

hornii Gabb......................... 13,50, 109

ovalis Gabb......................... 13,50, 108

uvasana Conrad..................... 13,50, 109

Metis alta Conrad.................... 17,24,25,118

sp................................. 24,25,30,34

Miltha H. and A. Adams ...'................ 57-58

sanctaecrucis n. sp............... 18,57-58, 118

Miocene rocks, occurrence and character of.. 16-45 

Modiola ornata Gabb........................ 14

Modiolus directus Dall................... 30,34,38

rectus Conrad.................... 30,34,38, 146

Monia macroschisma Deshayes.... 24,25,27,75, 134

Morio tuberculatus Gabb.................... 14,15

Mulinia Gray............................ 29,54-55

densata Conrad......................... 17,

24,25,34,38,42,54-55, lift, 148 

var. minor n. var............ 17,54-55, 116

Mya ........................................ 29

japonica Jay............. 30,34,38,42,43,86, 164

Mytiloconcha coalingensis n. sp.............. 24,

25,27,73-74, 144,150 

incurvus Conrad......................... 45,74

Mytilus (Linnaeus) Bolten.................. 78-76

californicus Conrad....................... 74

(Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. sp........ 24,

25,27,30,34,38,44,78-75, 144,150 

(Mytiloconcha) incurvus Conrad ........ 45,74

mathewsoni Gabb....................... 22,74

var. expansus Arnold........... 17,74, 116

N.

Narona irelaniana Cooper.................... 52

Nassa Lamarck............................. 88-89

californiana Conrad......:.... 31,35,39,88, 160

var. coalingensis n. var. 31,35,39,88-89, 160 

Natica................................... 31,35,39

Nerita triangulata Gabb.................... 14, 113

Neverita.................................... 29

callosa Gabb............................ 18

globosa Gabb........................... 14

recluziana Petit......... 25,26,31,35,40,44, 146

var. alta Dall................. 32,36,40, 146

sp....................................... 25,26

Nodosariasp......................'.......... 14

Nucula castrensis Hinds.................. 31,35,39

sp....................................... 11

0.

Ocinebra topangensis Arnold............... 18, 124

Oli vella biplicata Conrad................. 32,36,40

pedroana Conrad..................... 32,36,40

Opalia sp................................ 32,36,40

Orbitolites sp.............................. 13, 108
172 INDEX-.-

; Page. 

Ostrea.............\.................... 5Q, 77-80

atwoodi^Gabb....'. 24,25,27,31,35,.39,42,78, 140 

ayac.uliformis F. M. Anderson.... 13,15,50, 106

,haitensis Dall.............................. 77,78

 .idriaensis Gabb. ....................... 13,106

. lurida Carpenter............ 31,35,39,47,48, 167

sculpturata Conrad....................... 45,78

(Gryphostrea) subeversa Conrad........ 50;

 . titan Conrad.......... 17,19,21,22, 116,126,128

veatchii Gabb............... ............. 77,78

vespertina Conrad........... ...;....... 31,

35,39,42,43,44,7 <-79, 80,86, 154 

var. sequens n.var. ................. .31,

35,39,42,43,79-80,;_<?4 

sp. ................................. 13,31,35,39

P.

Pachydiscus sp............................. 11

Panomya......................... 1......... 68

Panopea Menard............................ 64

abrupta Conrad......................... 64

estrellana Conrad................ 25,27,64, 136

estrelldnus Conrad. '. ..................... 04

generosa Gould....... 24,25,27,31,35,39,64, 1J$.

Paph'ia Bolten........................... 48,66-67

jacalitosensis n. sp............... 25,66-67,' 138

staleyi Gabb............ 25,27,31,35,39,47, 158

tene'rrinia Conrad.......... 25,27,31,35,39, 142

truncata Gabb....................... 31,35,39 :

Patinopecten oweni Arnold................. ' 152

Pecten Miiller...............'..........'....... 76-77

ahdersoni Arnold................... 17,19. ISO

bowersi Arnold..................'.'....... 19

'coalingaensis Arnold.:..... 31,35,39,42,44, 158

crassicardo Conrad......... 17,21,22,25,27, ISO

(Plagioctenium) desertl Conrad. .. .... .. "31,

' ' ' 35,39,44,76-77, 158 

'estrellanus Conrad.......... : 17,21,22,25,27, 126

gibbus Linnaeus var. concentricus Say..'.' 45 

interradiatus Gabb .; ........:.. .13, Hi, 108,109

magnolia Conrad........................ 19

miguelensis Arnold....................... 17

morani Arnold............................ 77.

nutteri Arnold ......... J.:....... 31,35,39, 160

( £atinopecten) oweni Arnold..".....:.'...' 25'j

27,31,35,39,42, JS2 

peckhanii Arnold.....:..,........ 13,15,16, 108

(Chlamys) wattsi Arnold...... 31,35,39,42; 160

var. etchegoini F. M. Andersen...... 31,

35,39,42, 77 

Pectunculus........................:....'.... .: 12

. septentrionalis Anderson.........:...;..... 80,82

. See also. Glycymeris.

Pelecypoda. 11,12,13,14,17,21,24,25,26,30-31,34-35,

38-39, 47, 49-50, 54-59, 64-69, 7^83,

91-95, 104-112,116-130,134-160,164-167

Perissolax brevirostris Gabb................ 1.1, 10£-

Petricola sp.................................. \, 13

Phacoides Blainville........................ 67-58

acutilineatus Conrad........... 17,31,35,39, 122

children! Gray.......................... 58

(Miltha) sanctsecrucis n. sp.-.... .. 17j,57-58, 418.

Pholadidea ovoidea Gould.............. ;'.... 31,35,.39.

Physa Draparnaud.......................... ;97-98

costata Cooper.......... .'................. 97,

costata Newcomb................'........ : 4&

humerosa Gould..................... 47,48',166

wattsin.sp................... 47,48,97-98, 166

Pierce, J. H., fossils collected by............. 21

.;..., Page. 

Pisaniafortis Carpenter var. angulataArnold. . .32,

36/40 

Pisces.................. 25,26,32,36,40,47,100, 156

Placunanomia Broderip..................... 75-76

californican.sp.........:... 3,1,35,.39^75-76, 154

cumingi Reeve........................... 75.

. .inornata Gabb................... 13,15, 108,109

macroschisma.......................... 134

plicata Tuomey and Holmes ............ 75

Plagioctenium Dall.........................76-77

desertiConrad........:.'................ 76-77

Planorbis Guettard..............:....... 48,95-96

tumens Carpenter........................ 48

vanvlecki n. sp............... 47,48,95-96, 166

virens Cooper. ........................... 95

Pleurotoma Lamarck............. 52-54,61-62,90

.. .coalingensis n. sp ............. 32,36,40,90, 150

'dbmenginein.sp................. 14,52-53, 113

fresnoensis n. sp.................. 14,53-54, 114

guibersoni n. sp...................... 14,54, 114

(Bathytoma) piercei n. sp'.'... /..'!.'. 61-62, 1&4 

(Drillia) torosa Carpenter................ 54

Pliohippus sp........................... 25, 26, 1S8

Pododesmus(Monia)macroschismaDeshayes. . 75 

Polymorphina sp............................. 14

Potamides carbonicola Cooper.............. 14, 112

Psephistantilla Gould....................... 73

Pseudocardiumgabbi Remond............ 55, 148

Puente Hills, rocks of, section of............. 9

Pulvulina sp................................ . 14

Purpura crispata Chemnitz.................. 89

lima F. M. Anderson.................... 60

See also Thais. 

_., .. R. , ..' '.

Rimella canalifera Gabb.... .V.... '..':.'...'.'!. U,112

S.

Sagrina sp...................................... 14

Santa Clara Valley, rocks' of, correlation of... -9 

Santa Craz Mountains, rocks of, correlation

 of......... :. :' ':..::-............. 9

Santa 'Maria district, rocks of, correlation

of..................:.'.......!..'. 9

Santa'-Margarita formation, age of.:..'..-..':... 21-22

.' cofrelatfon of. ..................-. ...'.... 9

 description of............................ 20-21

. fossils of....................-:::".: .-.21-22; 126*130

Saxidomus Conrad.......................... 66

nuttalli Conrad. ....... .'.... 25,31,35,39,56, 148

vaquerosensis n, sp.................... 17,56,^0

Schizodesma^abscissa Gabb.. 1.'. '. ..... 25,26,27, ISO

SchizdthEerus nuttalli Conrad...,...".".'..'.. 31,35,39 

pajaroaniis'Conrad........... 25i26,27,31,35,39

Scutella rnerriami F. M: Andersob...','...'..'.. 18,118 

perrini Weaver............:... J.. 30,34,38, 162

Semele rubropicta'D'all...........'. : .'. '31,35,39, 156

Septifer Recluz. .......... ............'...:...' 58-59

. bifiircatus'Reeve'... ..':......... :": ..'.'... 59

coalingensis n. sp............:...' 17,58-59, 116

dichotomus Gabb.................... 13,.59, 106

Seitpulorbis sp.......................-.-... : ... .. 14, 112

Sigaretus scopulosus Conrad............32,36,40, 154

Siliqua nuttalli Conrad.................; ... 31,35,39

-,^p.- -.-';.'..- -,.' ....<................. -..,-.. '-"-,,.. .31

Siphonali'a.!.....!....'......"....... r .,,.: ...... . 60

Solen parallelus" Gabb'.'....'....'.............. 13

sicarius Gould.............. 21,31,35,39,42, 164

sp................................. 11,31,35,39
INDEX. 173

Page. 

Sphaerium scopoli........................... 94-95

cooperi n. sp..................... 47,48,94, 166

dentatum Haldeman..................... 48,94

kettlemanensis n. sp......... 47,48,94-95, 166

magnum Sterki.......................... 94

striatum Lamarck ...................... 94,95

Spiroglyphus Daudin........................ 51

tejonensis n. sp..................... 14,51, 113

Spisula albaria Conrad...................... 72

Spondylus carlosensis F. M. Anderson...... 13, 106

Stokes, Frank, jr., aid of.................... 5

Stonebarger, Earl, work of.................. 5

Stratigraphy, description of................. 8

table of................................. 9

T.

Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad................. 20,

21,22,25,26,27,32,36,40, 1S6 

Tapes staley i................................ 158

Tejon formation, age of...................... 15-16

correlation of............................ 9

description of........................... 12-13

fossils of.....'............: 13-16,49-54, 106-114

Tellina...................................... 49

aragonia Ball.................... 25,26,27, 184

hornii Gabb......................... 13,15, 106

joaquinensis n. sp.................. 13,49, 106

ooides Gabb........................... 11, 104

sp....................................... ' 13

Terebratalia occidentalis Ball............ 30,34,38

smithi Arnold................. 30,34,38,42, 160

Terebratella sp.............................. 14

Tertiary rocks, .occurrence and character of.. 12-45 

Thais Link.............................. 69-70,89

crispatus Chemnitz...... 25,26,32,36,40,89, 188

etchegoinensis n. sp........... 32,36,40,89, 148

kettlemanensis n. sp... 2§, 26,27,69-70, 136,148 

trancosana Arnold...................... 89

sp....................................... 32

Thracia (Leach) Blainville................. 68-69

jacalitosensis n. sp........... 25,26,68-69, 138

trapezoides Conrad...................... 68

Tivela inezana Conrad...................... 17

Topography, description of;................. 7-8

Trachycardium Morch...................... 67

vaquerosensis ......................... 51,124

TransennellaDall........................... 72-73

californican.sp............ 31,35,39,72-73, 158

tantilla Gould........................... 73

Tritonidea S wainson........................ 51-52

kreyenhageni n. sp.............. 14,51-52, 113

Tritonium californicum Gabb.............. 14, 112

Page. 

Trochita fllosa Gabb............... 18,32,36,40,42

sp....................................... 18

Trochocyathus striatus Gabb................ 14

Trochosmilia sp............-................'. 14

Trophon Montfort................... 59-60, 87-83

(Forreria) bartoni n. sp......... 18,59-60, 180

(Forreria) carisaensis F. M. Anderson... 21,

22, 186

(Forreria) gabbianum F. M. Anderson... 18,

60, 116 

var. cancellarioides n. var....... 18,60, 118

(Forreria) coalingense n. sp 32,36,40,87-88, 150 

(Forreria) kernensis F. M. Anderson.... 59

(Forreria) ponderosum Gabb............ 25,

26,27,32,36,40,88, 134

(Boreotrophon) stuarti Smith.. 32,36,40,88, 166 

Tulare formation, age of..................... 48

correlation of............................ 9

description of........................... 46-47

fossils of............. 47-48,91-101, 156,166-167

Turritella Lamarck......................... 85

inezana Conrad.......................... 19

ocoyana Conrad......... 18,19,55,56,57,62, m

pachecoensis Stanton................ 14,15, 113

, uvasana Conrad..................... 14,85, US

vanvlecki n. sp................ 32,36,40,85, 160

. V.

Vaginulina sp............................... 14

Vaqueros formation, age of.................. 19-20

correlation of............................ 9

description of........................... I(hl7

fossils of.................. 17-20,54-68, 116-124

Venericardia alticostata Gabb.............. 13, 109

planicosta Lamarck................. 13,15, 106

sp....................................... 13

Venus pertenuis Gabb..................... 17, 188

varians Gabb........................... 11

Volutoderma gabbi (White)................ 11, 104

W. 

Watts, W. L., on Coalinga species........... 6

X.

Xenophora sp............................... 14

Xylotrya sp .......................... 18,32,36,40

Yoldia impressa Conrad.

Zirphaea dentata Gabb......... 17,21,25,26,27, UO

gabbi Tryon......................... 31,35,39

o