HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD--REVIEW COVER SHEET

Name of Site: Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination

CERCLIS ID No.: NJD002148799

Date Prepared: March 2012

Contact Persons

Site Investigations: Denise Zeno (212) 637-4319

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

New York, NY

Documentation Record: Ildefonso Acosta (212) 637-4344

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

New York, NY

Pathways, Components, or Threats Not Scored

The surface water, soil exposure, and air pathways were not scored because the listing decision is not significantly affected by 

those pathways. The site score is sufficient to list the site on the ground water pathway score.
This page has been left blank intentionally.
1 

HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD

Name of Site: Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination

CERCLIS ID No.: NJD002148799 [Ref. 3, p. 1]

EPA Region: 2 Date Prepared: March 2012

Street Address of Site: * Gist Place (nearest cross street: North Day St)

County and State: Essex, New Jersey 07051 

General Location in the State: northeastern New Jersey

Topographic Map: Orange, NJ

Latitude: * 40 ̊ 46' 47.77" North Longitude: * 74 ̊ 13' 30.96" West

The site consists of a ground water plume with no identified source(s) of contamination. Therefore, the reference point for the 

street address and site latitude/longitude coordinates is one of the contaminated wells (i.e., Gist Place well) [Figure 1; Ref. 1, p. 

51595; 4, pp. 1-2]. The Gist Place well does not have a specific street address (i.e., no number); the street address listed here 

identifies the nearest intersection to the well, which is located approximately 260 feet west-northwest of the intersection [Ref. 4, 

pp. 1-2]. 

* The street address, coordinates, and contaminant locations presented in this HRS documentation record identify the general area 

in which the site is located. They represent one or more locations EPA considers to be part of the site based on the screening 

information EPA used to evaluate the site for NPL listing. EPA lists national priorities among the known “releases or threatened 

releases” of hazardous substances; thus, the focus is on the release, not precisely delineated boundaries. A site is defined as where 

a hazardous substance has been “deposited, stored, placed, or otherwise come to be located.” Generally, HRS scoring and the 

subsequent listing of a release merely represent the initial determination that a certain area may need to be addressed under

CERCLA. Accordingly, EPA contemplates that the preliminary description of facility boundaries at the time of scoring will be 

refined as more information is developed as to where the contamination has come to be located.

 Scores

Ground Water Pathway 100.00

Surface Water Pathway Not Scored

Soil Exposure Pathway Not Scored

Air Pathway Not Scored

HRS SITE SCORE 50.00
2 

WORKSHEET FOR COMPUTING HRS SITE SCORE

Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination

S S2

1. Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (Sgw) 100.00 10,000

(from Table 3-1, line 13)

2a. Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Not Scored

(from Table 4-1, line 30)

2b. Ground Water to Surface Water Migration Component Not Scored

(from Table 4-25, line 28)

2c. Surface Water Migration Pathway Score (Ssw) Not Scored 

Enter the larger of lines 2a and 2b as the pathway score.

3. Soil Exposure Pathway Score (Ss) Not Scored 

(from Table 5-1, line 22)

4. Air Migration Pathway Score (Sa) Not Scored

(from Table 6-1, line 12)

5. Total of Sgw2 + Ssw2 + Ss

2 + Sa2 10,000 

6. HRS Site Score Divide the value on line 5

 by 4 and take the square root 50.00
3 

GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY SCORESHEET

Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination

GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY

Factor Categories & Factors

MAXIMUM VALUE VALUE ASSIGNED

Likelihood of Release

1. Observed Release 550 550

2. Potential to Release

2a. Containment 10 not scored

2b. Net Precipitation 10 not scored

2c. Depth to Aquifer 5 not scored

2d. Travel Time 35 not scored

2e. Potential to Release

[lines 2a(2b+2c+2d)]

500 not scored

3. Likelihood of Release 550 550

Waste Characteristics

4. Toxicity/Mobility * 1,000

5. Hazardous Waste Quantity * 100

6. Waste Characteristics 100 18

Targets

7. Nearest Well 50 50

8. Population

8a. Level I Concentrations ** 110,000

8b. Level II Concentrations ** 0

8c. Potential Contamination ** not scored

8d. Population (lines 8a+8b+8c) ** 110,000

9. Resources 5 not scored

10. Wellhead Protection Area 20 not scored

11. Targets (lines 7+8d+9+10) ** 110,050

12. Aquifer Score (lines 3x6x11 divided by 82,500) 100 100

13. Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (Sgw) 100 100.00

* Maximum value applies to waste characteristics category.

** Maximum value not applicable.
4 

REFERENCES

Reference

Number Description of the Reference

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Hazard Ranking System, Final Rule. Federal Register, Volume 55, 

No. 241, pp. 51532-51667. December 14, 1990. A complete copy of the rule is available at

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/index.htm#HRS Rule. [138 pages]

2. EPA. Superfund Chemical Data Matrix, SCDM Data Versions: 1/27/2004 and 6/23/2006, (Trichloroethylene 

update), Appendices B-I (Hazardous Substances Factor Values) and B-II (Hazardous Substance Benchmarks);

excerpts downloaded on April 1, 2010. A complete copy of SCDM is available at 

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm. [10 pages]

3. EPA. Superfund Site Information, West Orange Ground Water Contamination, West Orange, New Jersey: Site 

Information. Downloaded from http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0203649 on January 

14, 2010. [1 page]

4. Gilliland, Gerry, Weston Solutions, Inc. (WESTON). Project Note to West Orange Ground Water Contamination 

site file, Subject: Street Address, Latitude and Longitude Determination. April 2, 2010. [2 pages] 

5. WESTON. Field Logbook No. 20113.064.001, Selecto Flash. April 2008 – August 2009. [50 pages]

6. Capriglione, Michele, WESTON. Sampling Trip Report, Selecto Flash Incorporated, Case No. 38724, Sampling 

Dates: July 6-10, 2009. Prepared for Denise Zeno, EPA. July 17, 2009. [54 pages]

7. WESTON. Figure 1, Site Location Map; Figure 2, Sample Location Map – June 2009; Figure 3, Ground Water 

Sample Location Map with Analytical Results; and Figure 4, 4-Mile Radius Map, Selecto Flash Incorporated, West 

Orange, Essex County, NJ, 07052. June-October 2009. [4 pages] 

8. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). Source Water Assessment Report for Orange Water 

Department; Appendices B and C not included. November 2004. [122 pages]

9. EPA Region 2 Laboratory. Case Narrative and Data Report: Selecto Flash, Project Number 09070008. August 19, 

2009. [109 pages]

10. Gilliland, Gerry, WESTON. Project Note to West Orange Ground Water Contamination site file, Subject: Attached 

Orange Water Department Data – Gist Place and Orange Park Wells. June 21, 2010. [92 pages]

11. Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). ATSDR ToxFAQs, Tetrachloroethylene, CAS # 127-

18-4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. September 1997. [2 pages]

12. ATSDR. Division of Toxicology ToxFAQs, Trichloroethylene, CAS # 79-01-6. U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services. July 2003. [2 pages]

13. ATSDR. ATSDR ToxFAQs, 1,2-Dichloroethene, CAS # 540-59-0, 156-59-2, and 156-60-5. U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services. September 1997. [2 pages]

14. Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC). Technical/Regulatory Guidelines, Natural Attenuation of 

Chlorinated Solvents in Ground Water: Principles and Practices; appendices not included. September 1999. [32 

pages]
5 

REFERENCES (continued)

Reference

Number Description of the Reference

15. Capriglione, Michele, WESTON. Sampling Trip Report, Selecto Flash Incorporated, Case No. 38658, Sampling 

Dates: June 15-18, 2009. Prepared for Denise Zeno, EPA. June 26, 2009. [32 pages]

16. EPA Region 2 Hazardous Waste Support Section (HWSS)/Regional Sample Control Center (RSCC). Record of 

Communication (ROC), ROC #1 and Data Transfer Log with attached Organic Data Package, Subject: CLP Data 

Package for Quality Assurance Review, Site: Selecto Flash, Inc., Case # 38658, SDG #: B5PR5, B5PT7. July 14, 

2009 – August 12, 2009. [223 pages]

17. Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR). The EDR Radius MapTM Report with GeoCheck®, Selecto Flash Inc, 

18 Central Avenue, West Orange, NJ 07052, Inquiry Number: 2587353.2s. September 10, 2009. [463 pages]

18. EDR. The EDR Radius MapTM Report with GeoCheck®, WOGC – Gist Place, Gist Place, Orange, NJ 07050, 

Inquiry Number: 2713418.2s. March 4, 2010. [4,283 pages]

19. EDR. The EDR Radius MapTM Report with GeoCheck®, West Orange Ground Water Contamination, Oakwood 

Drive, Orange, NJ 07050, Inquiry Number: 2665251.2s. December 23, 2009. [1,373 pages]

20. Daniels, Anthony, WESTON. Project Note to West Orange Ground Water Contamination, Subject: File Review. 

April 9, 2010. [1,406 pages]

21. EPA. Envirofacts Warehouse, Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), Query Results, Orange Water 

Dept. Downloaded from http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/sdw_form_v2.create_page?state_abbr=NJ on June 29, 2010. 

[1 page]

22. Capriglione, Michele, WESTON. Project Note to Selecto Flash, Inc. Site File, Subject: Ground Water Population 

within 4 Miles of the Selecto Flash, Inc. site; with attachments. June 21, 2007. [7 pages]

23. Munch, J.W., ed., EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory. Method 524.2, Measurement of Purgeable Organic 

Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Revision 4.1. EPA Office of 

Research and Development. 1995. [48 pages]

24. EPA. SOM01.2 Volatile Target Compound List and Corresponding CRQLs. Downloaded from 

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/clp/som-vtarget.htm on April 6, 2010. [2 pages]

25. EPA Region 2 Superfund. Record of Decision (ROD), Montclair/West Orange Radium Site, EPA ID: 

NJD98078553, OU 02, Orange, NJ. EPA/ROD/R02-05/026. September 14, 2005. [85 pages]

26. CDM Federal Programs Corporation. Final Remedial Investigation Report, Montclair/West Orange and Glen Ridge 

Radium Sites, Essex County, New Jersey, Work Assignment No. 036-RICO-02A9. Prepared for EPA. January 31, 

2003. [394 pages]

27. WESTON. Figure 1 – Site Location Map, West Orange Ground Water Contamination. June 2010. [1 page]

28. EPA, The NELAC Institute, QC Labs, and NJDEP. NELAC (National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation 

Conference), program information and accreditation of QC Labs. Accessed and downloaded from various websites 

(http://www.epa.gov/nelac/, http://www.nelac-institute.org/, 

http://www.qclaboratories.com/ContactUs/Southampton.htm, and http://www.nj.gov/dep/oqa/certlabs.htm) on June 

22, 2010. [26 pages]

29. EPA Region 2 Laboratory. SOP# DW-1, Revision# 2.1, Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking 

Water by Purge and Trap GC/MS. February 13, 2009. [28 pages]
6 

30. EPA Region 2 Laboratory. Approval Form/Project Checklist and Associated File Documents/VOC Data, Project 

Number: 09070008, Project/Survey Name: Selecto Flash. August 19, 2009. [2,239 pages]

31. EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). Modifications Updating SOM01.1 to SOM01.2; with attached excerpts 

from SOM01.1. April 11, 2007. [117 pages]

32. Gilliland, Gerry, WESTON. Project Note to West Orange Ground Water Contamination site file, Subject: Orange 

Water Department Wells; with attachments. June 29, 2010. [23 pages]

33. Stanford, Scott D., New Jersey Geological Survey (NJGS). Surficial Geology of the Orange Quadrangle, Essex, 

Passaic, Hudson, and Bergen Counties, New Jersey. Open-File Map OFM 41, prepared in cooperation with the 

USGS National Geologic Mapping Program. 2001. [2 sheets]

34. Volkert, Richard A., NJGS. Bedrock Geologic map of the Orange Quadrangle, Essex, Passaic, Bergen, and Hudson 

Counties, New Jersey. Geologic Map Series GMS 07-1, prepared in cooperation with the USGS National Geologic 

Mapping Program. 2007. [1 sheet]

35. Michalski, Andrew. Hydrogeology of the Brunswick (Passaic) Formation and Implications for Ground Water 

Monitoring Practice. Ground Water Monitoring Review, pp. 134-143, Fall 1990. [10 pages]

36. Lucey, Carol S., NJDEP Bureau of Geology and Topography. Geology of Essex and Union Counties in Brief. 

1976. [13 pages]

37. USGS. Water Quality Samples for New Jersey: Sample Data [for Brunswick aquifer]. Downloaded from 

http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nj/nwis/qwdata?site_tp_cd=GW&aqfr_cd=227BRCK&aqfr on June 21, 2010. [135 

pages]

38. DiGiore, Michael, NJDEP, Division of Responsible Party Site Remediation, Bureau of Field Operations. Site 

Inspection, Selecto-Flash Corporation, West Orange, Essex County, EPA ID No. NJD002148799. September 1992. 

 [180 pages]

39. Pederson, Marc J., NJDEP, and James Z. Peepas, Selecto-Flash, Inc. Memorandum of Agreement, Selecto-Flash, 

Inc. November 1995. [5 pages]

40. Capriglione, Michele, WESTON. Phone Conversation Record, Conversation with Gary Greulich, Supervising 

Environmental Specialist, NJDEP, Subject: Current status of the Selecto Flash, Inc. site. June 18, 2007. [1 page]

41. Biddelman, Murray J., Biddelman Inc. Environmental Cleanup Responsibility Act (ECRA) Site Evaluation 

Submission (SES), Biddelman Inc. September 12, 1986. [16 pages]

42. SCDM Volatile Substances and Corresponding Human Toxicity Factor (HTF) Values and Air Inhalation 

Benchmarks. December 2011. 2 Pages. Downloaded from 

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm. on February 15, 2012 

43. Methodology for Determining Screening Concentration Benchmarks for Trichloroethylene (TCE). February 2012. 

Downloaded from http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm on February 15, 2012. 
SS – Site Summary

7 

SITE SUMMARY

The Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination site (CERCLIS ID No. NJD002148799 [formerly known as the West 

Orange Ground Water Contamination site]) consists of a ground water contaminant plume but the contamination cannot be clearly 

attributed to any specific source. The plume is located within the municipalities of West Orange and Orange, Essex County, New 

Jersey [Figure 1; Ref. 3, p. 1]. The geographic coordinates of the site are 40 ̊ 46' 47.77" north latitude and 74 ̊ 13' 30.96" west 

longitude, based on the location of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 1, p. 51595; 3, p. 1; 4, p. 1]. Figure 1 shows the site 

location.

During the course of investigating an industrial facility in West Orange, New Jersey in June-July 2009, EPA collected ground 

water samples from three public supply wells (Gist Place, Orange Park, and Well 6) within the Orange Water Department supply 

system [Ref. 5, pp. 39-40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, pp. 3-4; 8, p. 44]. Analytical results indicated the presence of tetrachloroethylene 

(PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-DCE) in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells, at 

concentrations significantly above the background concentrations detected in Well 6 [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39-40, 43, 46-47]. 

Water department data for the period from January to June 2009 confirms the constant presence of the contaminants in the Gist 

Place and Orange Park wells [Ref. 10, pp. 1-92]. The PCE concentrations in both wells exceed the EPA Maximum Contaminant 

Level (MCL) of 5 micrograms per liter (μg/L), as do the TCE concentrations in the Gist Place well [Ref. 2, pp. 7, 10; 10, p. 2]. In 

addition, the former Brook Alley (a.k.a. Brook Lane) public supply well, which is located about midway between the Gist Place 

and Orange Park wells, is closed because VOC concentrations were reportedly higher than those found in the Gist Place and 

Orange Park wells [Ref. 5, p. 39; 7, p. 4; 8, pp. 44-45; 32, pp. 2-3]. 

PCE and TCE are chlorinated solvents that are commonly used in commercial/industrial operations such as dry cleaning and metal 

degreasing, while cis-1,2-DCE is used to make solvents and is a common breakdown product of PCE and TCE [Ref. 11, p. 1; 12, 

p. 1; 13, p. 1; 14, p. 16]. During the course of its June-July 2009 investigation, EPA discovered PCE and TCE in soil samples 

from two adjacent facilities located approximately 1 mile west of the contaminated wells [Ref. 5, pp. 19-29; 15, pp. 3-11, 13-14, 

20, 24-25, 31; 16, pp. 6-15, 27-33, 44-48, 109-121, 127-139, 144-148]. EPA also discovered shallow ground water contamination 

at and in the vicinity of the two facilities [Ref. 5, pp. 27-29, 35-49; 6, pp. 4-8, 12, 14, 22, 31, 39, 48; 9, pp. 14, 18, 53, 63, 69-71, 

74, 81, 85, 94, 101-102; 15, pp. 3-4, 8, 11, 31; 16, pp. 150-163]. A review of environmental databases indicated that three 

facilities associated with waste codes F001 to F005 (i.e., spent halogenated solvents that might contain PCE or TCE) are located 

within 1⁄4 mile of the study area [Ref. 17, pp. 62-64, 110-114, 131-164]. Similar database searches centered on the Gist Place and 

Orange Park wells indicated that there are 22 facilities (including the two identified by EPA’s investigation) associated with Flisted wastes located within approximately 1 mile of one or both wells [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 372-4126; 19, pp. 181-1098].

File searches at New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) confirmed that PCE or TCE have been detected in 

soil and shallow ground water at some of the facilities associated with F-listed wastes [Ref. 20, all pages]. In addition, the 

environmental database searches listed 44 registered drycleaners and 339 historical cleaners located within 2 miles of the Gist 

Place well, and 9 registered drycleaners and 89 historical cleaners located within 0.75 mile of the Orange Park well [Ref. 18, pp. 

95-96, 104-111, 127; 19, pp. 47, 50-52, 58]. Although there is this multitude of facilities in the region that are or could be 

associated with the site contaminants, there is not sufficient evidence (i.e., data for intervening areas) to attribute the ground water 

contamination in the public supply wells to any specific facility(ies); therefore, there is no identified source(s) of contamination 

[Ref. 17 through 20]. Figure 1 shows the locations of facilities associated with F-listed wastes, including those investigated by 

EPA in June-July 2009 [Ref. 27, p. 1]. 

The Orange Water Department supply system (Water System ID NJ0717001), which currently serves approximately 33,000 

people, consists of six active wells including Gist Place and Orange Park [Ref. 8, pp. 44-45; 21, p. 1; 32, pp. 1-2]. No single well 

contributes more than 40 percent of the total blended system, so the population is apportioned equally among the six wells; 

therefore, the Gist Place and Orange Park wells serve a combined population of approximately 11,000 people [Ref. 1, p. 51603; 8, 

p. 44; 32, pp. 1-2]. The water department treats the extracted ground water to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) prior to 

distribution, and monitors the water quality and treatment system effectiveness regularly [Ref. 5, p. 39; 8, p. 112; 10, p. 1; 22, p. 

3]. The water department closed the former Brook Alley (a.k.a. Brook Lane) public supply well prior to 1988 because VOC 

concentrations were reportedly higher than those found in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells[Ref. 5, p. 39; 7, p. 4; 8, pp. 44-45; 

32, pp. 2-3]. There are also several other public supply wells located in the site vicinity [Ref. 7, p. 4; 22, pp. 1-7; 32, pp. 5-11]. 
A!

A!

A!

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!C

!C!C !C

!C

!C

!C

!C!C

!C

!C

!C

!C

!C

!C

!C

!C

!C

!C!C

Orange Park Well

SFI-PSW02

Gist Place Well (Well 8)

SFI-PSW01

H Reisman Corp

377 Crane St

Cozzolino Inc

20 Standish Ave

George's Auto Body Inc

522 Beach St

Bell Atlantic

650 Park Ave Romm 101C

239 Central Ave, LLC

239 Central Ave

Water Works Lab Inc

364 Glenwood Ave

Biddelman, Incorporated

4 Central Ave

Brick Church Dry Cleaners

519 Main St

Du Rite Auto Body Inc.

43 Central Ave

Kaye & McDonald Inc.

11-15 Central Ave

E & Y Scotland Cleaners

675 Scotland Rd

Floridian Cleaners Inc

68 City Hall Plz

Mastro Craft Woodworking

540 Mitchell St

Selecto Flash, Incorporated

18 Central Ave

Veterans Admin. Medical Center

Tremont Ave

East Orange General Hospital

300 Central Ave

Parker Precision Products Company

32 Bell St

Tryco Tool & Mfg Co Inc.

363 S. Jefferson St

Maaco Auto Painting & Body Work

46 Central Ave

East Orange Bd of Ed Service Building

16 Winans St

NJ Transit Auth Bus Oper Orange Garage

420 Thomas Boulevard

Electronic Control Security Incorporated

101 Halsted St

Brook Alley Well

(closed; no sample)

Well 6

SFI-PSW03/SFI-PSW04 - duplicate

CLIENT NAME: DATE:

PROJECT:

TITLE: LEGEND:

Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination

Environmental Protection Agency

1. USGS. 7.5 Minute Series Topographic Quadrangles: Caldwell, NJ; Orange, NJ; Roselle, NJ; Elizabeth, NJ.

2. ESRI World Street Map: http://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/services

3. Weston Solutions, Inc. Region 2 Site Assessment Team 2, Site Logbook 20113.064.001, June - July, 2009.

4. EDR. Radius MapTM with GeoCheck®

, WOGC-GistPlace, Inquiry #2713418.2s. March 4, 2010.

West Orange Township

Essex County, New Jersey 07052

Figure 1 - Site Location Map

June 2010

SOURCES:

West Orange

SCALE: 2,000 1,000 0 2,000

Feet

!C Possible Source

Area of Observed Ground Water Contamination 

A! Well Location / Sample Number

P:\SAT2\West_Orange_GW\MXD\07959_WOGW_Contaminated_Sites.mxd

±
9 

SD-Characterization and Containment

Source No.: 1

SOURCE DESCRIPTION

2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

Number of the source: 1 

Source Type of the source: Other

Name and description of the source: Ground Water Plume – West Orange, New Jersey

Source 1 is considered a contaminated ground water plume of unknown volume without an identified source. EPA collected 

ground water samples from three public supply wells (Gist Place, Orange Park, and Well 6) in July 2009 [Ref. 5, pp. 39-40; 6, pp. 

4, 8, 12, 22; 7, pp. 3-4]. Analytical results indicated the presence of PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE in the Orange Park and Gist 

Place wells, at concentrations significantly above the background concentrations detected in Well 6 [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39-40, 

43, 46-47]. Water department data for the period from January to June 2009 confirms the constant presence of the contaminants in 

the Gist Place and Orange Park wells at concentrations above method detection limits (MDL) [Ref. 10, pp. 1-92]. The PCE 

concentrations in both wells exceed the EPA MCL of 5 μg/L, as do the TCE concentrations in the Gist Place well [Ref. 2, pp. 7, 

10; 10, p. 2]. The water department treats the extracted ground water to remove VOCs prior to distribution, and monitors the 

water quality and treatment system effectiveness regularly [Ref. 5, p. 39; 8, p. 112; 10, p. 1]. Prior to 1988, the water department 

closed the former Brook Alley (a.k.a. Brook Lane) public supply well, which is located about midway between the Gist Place and 

Orange Park wells, because VOC concentrations were reportedly higher than those found in the other wells [Ref. 5, p. 39; 7, p. 4; 

8, pp. 44-45; 32, pp. 2-3]. Although the Brook Alley well has not been sealed, water-quality data for the well are not available, and 

EPA did not collect a ground water sample from the well because the water department representative had no way of turning on the 

pump [Ref. 5, p. 39; 32, pp. 2-3].

Location of the source, with reference to a map of the site:

The ground water plume is identified by contamination found in the Gist Place and Orange Park public supply wells, and the 

closed Brook Alley well. For the purpose of this report, these wells represent a minimum of the plume extent. The site is located 

in northeastern New Jersey and is shown in Figure 1 [Ref. 27, p. 1].

Containment

Release to ground water:

Based on evidence of hazardous substance migration (contamination detected in ground water samples collected from the Gist 

Place and Orange Park wells) and due to the fact that there is nothing to prevent the plume from migrating further, a containment 

factor of 10 is assigned [Ref. 1, p. 51596; 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39-40, 43, 46-47]. 
10

SD- Hazardous Substances

Source No.: 1

2.4.1 Hazardous Substances

Ground water samples collected by Orange Water Department and EPA in 2009 showed the presence of chlorinated solvents in the 

Gist Place and Orange Park public supply wells, as described below. Background sample locations and contaminant levels for 

comparison to the contaminated samples are discussed in Section 3.1.1.

Orange Water Department Sampling – Ground Water Samples: January-June 2009

Orange Water Department regularly performs compliance monitoring of ground water quality in the Gist Place and Orange Park 

wells [Ref. 5, p. 39; 10, p. 1]. As an example, the water department collected raw and treated ground water samples from the wells 

for regulatory compliance twice per month from January to June 2009 [Ref. 10, pp. 1-92]. The samples were analyzed by a 

NELAC-accredited laboratory (QC Laboratories of Southampton, PA) according to EPA Method 524.2 [Ref. 10, pp. 3-92]. The 

purpose of NELAC is to foster the generation of environmental data of known and documented quality [Ref. 28, pp. 1-2]. QC 

Laboratories is certified by NJDEP, the applicable NELAC accrediting authority, to perform analysis and report data for PCE, 

TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE in drinking water according to EPA Method 524.2 [Ref. 28, pp. 1-10, 16, 24-25]. The applicable 

concentration range of Method 524.2 can be 0.02–200 μg/L or 0.02–20 μg/L [Ref. 23, p. 4]. The method requires a number of 

quality controls, including demonstrations of capability, accuracy, and precision; analysis of blanks and surrogates; and 

determinations of method detection limits (MDL) for each analyte [Ref. 23, pp. 16-19].

The analytical results for the January-June 2009 water department samples demonstrate the constant presence of PCE, TCE, and 

cis-1,2-DCE in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells, at the following concentration ranges [Ref. 10, pp. 1-92]:

• Gist Place Well

o PCE: 24.5 μg/L to 37.1 μg/L

o TCE: 9.55 μg/L to 13.7 μg/L

o cis-1,2-DCE: 1.66 μg/L to 2.50 μg/L

• Orange Park Well

o PCE: 8.89 μg/L to 13.0 μg/L

o TCE: 2.08 μg/L to 3.20 μg/L

o cis-1,2-DCE: non-detect to 1.27 μg/L

The detections for all three parameters were all above MDLs, which ranged from 0.140 μg/L to 0.490 μg/L for PCE, 0.150 μg/L to 

0.310 μg/L for TCE, and 0.210 μg/L to 0.290 μg/L for cis-1,2-DCE [Ref. 10, pp. 1-2]. The PCE concentrations in both wells 

exceeded the EPA MCL of 5 μg/L, as did the TCE concentrations in the Gist Place well [Ref. 2, pp. 7, 10; 10, p. 2]. The 

concentrations coincide with results for the samples collected from the wells by EPA in July 2009, as shown below [Ref. 10, p. 1]. 
11

SD- Hazardous Substances

Source No.: 1

EPA Sampling Event – Ground Water Samples: July 2009

In July 2009, EPA collected untreated ground water samples SFI-PSW01 from the Gist Place well and SFI-PSW02 from the 

Orange Park well, and background untreated ground water samples SFI-PSW03 and SFI-PSW04 from Well 6 [Ref. 5, pp. 39-40; 

6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, pp. 3-4]. The EPA Region 2 Laboratory analyzed the samples for Target Compound List (TCL) trace 

concentration VOCs according to its Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) # DW-1, “Analysis of VOCs in Drinking Water by

Purge & Trap GC/MS”, dated February 13, 2009 [Ref. 29, p. 1; 30, pp. 3, 150-151]. The SOP is based on EPA Method 524.2, as 

is the analytical method used by EPA’s Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) for trace concentration VOC analyses [Ref. 29, p. 3; 

31, p. 68]. Although the analyses were not performed under the CLP, the EPA laboratory was able to achieve sample quantitation 

limits (SQL; the quantity of the substance that could be reasonably quantified given the limits of detection for the methods of 

analysis and sample characteristics) equal to the CLP Contract-Required Quantitation Limits (CRQL) [Ref. 1, p. 51585-51586, 

51589; 9, p. 1; 24, pp. 1-2]. Therefore, the SQL for PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE in all samples was 0.50 μg/L [Ref. 9, p. 1; 24, 

pp. 1-2]. Chain-of-custody was maintained for the samples throughout collection, shipping, and analysis [Ref. 30, pp. 116, 131, 

137, 150-151, 614-615].

PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE were detected in the Gist Place and Orange Park well samples at individual concentrations ranging 

from 1.2 μg/L to 36 μg/L [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39-40; 30, pp. 150, 525-540]. PCE was detected at significantly lower 

concentrations in the background samples, and TCE and cis-1,2-DCE were not detected (ND) in the background samples [Ref. 6, 

p. 8; 9, pp. 43, 46-47; 30, pp. 151, 546-558, 599-602]. Additional information regarding background levels is presented in Section 

3.1.1.

Hazardous 

Substance

Sample Number Date 

Sampled

Result 

(μg/L)

SQL (μg/L) Reference

PCE SFI-PSW01 07/07/2009 36 0.50 9, p. 36; 30, pp. 

526, 529

SFI-PSW02 07/07/2009 12 0.50 9, p. 40; 30, pp. 

536, 540

SFI-PSW03* 07/07/2009 0.95 0.50 9, p. 43; 30, pp. 

547, 549

SFI-PSW04* 07/07/2009 0.86 0.50 9, p. 47; 30, pp. 

556, 558

TCE SFI-PSW01 07/07/2009 11 0.50 9, p. 36; 30, pp. 

526, 529

SFI-PSW02 07/07/2009 2.8 0.50 9, p. 39; 30, pp. 

536, 539

SFI-PSW03* 07/07/2009 ND 0.50 9, p. 43; 30, pp. 547

SFI-PSW04* 07/07/2009 ND 0.50 9, p. 46; 30, pp. 556

cis-1,2-DCE SFI-PSW01 07/07/2009 2.2 0.50 9, p. 36; 30, pp. 

526-527

SFI-PSW02 07/07/2009 1.2 0.50 9, p. 39; 30, pp. 

536-537

SFI-PSW03* 07/07/2009 ND 0.50 9, p. 43; 30, pp. 547

SFI-PSW04* 07/07/2009 ND 0.50 9, p. 46; 30, pp. 556

ND - contaminant not detected

* - representative of background levels [see Section 3.1.1]
12

SD-Hazardous Waste Quantity

Source No.: 1

2.4.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity

The information available is not sufficient to evaluate Tier A source hazardous waste quantity; therefore, hazardous constituent 

quantity is not scored (NS).

Hazardous Constituent Quantity (C) Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

The information available is not sufficient to evaluate Tier B source hazardous waste quantity; therefore, hazardous wastestream 

quantity is not scored.

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity (W) Value: NS

2.4.2.1.3 Volume

Because there are wells with samples showing contamination in the ground water but the volume of the contaminated area has not 

been determined, the volume of the ground water contamination is considered to be greater than 0 cubic yards but unknown 

[Figure 1; Ref. 9, pp. 36, 39-40]. The source type is ‘Other,’ so the volume value is divided by 2.5 to obtain the assigned value, as 

shown below [Ref. 1, p. 51591, Section 2.4.2.1.3, Table 2-5].

Dimension of source (yd3

): >0 yd3

2.4.2.1.4 Area

Tier D is not evaluated for source type “other” [Ref. 1, p. 51591, Table 2-5, Section 2.4.2.1.3].

Area of source (ft2

): N/A

Area (A) Assigned Value: 0

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value

The source hazardous waste quantity value for Source 1 is >0 for Tier C - Volume [Ref. 1, p. 51591].

Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value: >0
13

SD-Summary

SITE SUMMARY OF SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS

Source Number Source Hazardous 

Waste Quantity 

Value

Containment

Ground Water Surface 

Water 

Air (Gas) Air 

(Particulate)

1 >0 10 NS NS NS

NS = Not Scored
14

GW-General

3.0 GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY

3.0.1 General Considerations

The surficial stratigraphic unit in the Orange-West Orange area consists of unconsolidated glacial deposits, which are underlain 

directly by the Brunswick Formation (a.k.a. Passaic Formation, but hereinafter referred to as “Brunswick”) bedrock unit [Ref. 25, 

p. 12; 26, pp. 42-43; 33, pp. 1-2]. The thickness of the glacial deposits at the subject wells ranges from 17 to 38 feet, and in the 

vicinity of the site (i.e., within 2 miles of the subject wells) it ranges from 3 to 84 feet [Ref. 26, pp. 43, 47, 324; 32, pp. 1, 22; 33, 

pp. 1-2]. The thickness of the Brunswick Formation bedrock unit at and in the vicinity of the site is approximately 6,000 feet [Ref. 

25, p. 12; 26, pp. 105, 112, 114; 34, p. 1]. Ground water is present under unconfined conditions in both the glacial deposits and 

the upper 500 to 600 feet of bedrock, and the units are hydraulically interconnected [Ref. 4, p. 2; 8, p. 44; 25, p. 12; 26, pp. 43-45, 

105, 112, 114; 32, pp. 6-8]. The Gist Place and Orange Park wells withdraw water from the Brunswick aquifer, as did the Brook 

Alley well, and most other public supply wells in the region withdraw water from either the glacial sand and gravel or the

Brunswick aquifer [Ref. 7, p. 4; 8, p. 44; 22, pp. 1-2]. Based on these considerations, the glacial deposits and bedrock are 

combined into a single hydrologic unit for HRS scoring purposes (i.e., the “Glacial/Brunswick aquifer”) [Ref. 1, p. 51595].

The general direction of ground water flow in both the unconsolidated and bedrock units is east-southeast, which is the same as the

general topographic gradient in the site vicinity [Figure 1; Ref. 25, pp. 12-13, 30-32; 26, pp. 41, 119-123]. Based on slug tests 

conducted by EPA, average hydraulic conductivity for the Brunswick aquifer is 4.3 x 10-4 centimeters per second (cm/s) [Ref. 25, 

p. 13]. The Gist Place, Orange Park, and former Brook Alley wells are 500, 551, and 506 feet deep, respectively, and public

supply wells in the study area range in depth from 40 to 551 feet [Ref. 22, p. 2; 32, pp. 1, 6-8, 22]. 

Stratum 1 (shallowest)

Stratum Name: Alluvium

Description: The surficial, unconsolidated deposits in Orange and West Orange consist of sandy glacial till including clay and 

hardpan, local deposits of sandy stratified drift, and fill material [Ref. 25, p. 12; 26, p. 42; 33, pp. 1-2]. The thickness of 

unconsolidated deposits ranges from 3 to 84 feet in the site vicinity [Ref. 26, p. 43; 33, pp. 1-2]. 

Stratum 2

Stratum/Aquifer Name: Brunswick Aquifer

Description: The Brunswick Formation consists of an interbedded sequence of sandstones, siltstones, shales, and conglomerates 

[Ref. 25, p. 12; 26, p. 43; 34, p. 1]. The outcrop area of the formation stretches from southern New York state, across much of 

northeastern and central New Jersey, and into eastern Pennsylvania, and the unit has a maximum thickness of about 10,000 feet 

regionally [Ref. 34, p. 1; 35, pp. 1-2; 36, pp. 5-9]. The only possible discontinuity in the aquifer within 4 miles of the site, is a 

southwest-northeast trending intrusive basalt located approximately 2 miles west of the site, however even if the basalt formation 

constitutes a discontinuity for HRS purposes, which is unclear, there were no target wells scored west of the basalt formation [Ref. 

34, p. 1; 36, pp. 5, 7]. The thickness of the formation containing the Brunswick aquifer at and in the vicinity of the site is 

approximately 6,000 feet, but it is only the top 500 to 600 feet of the formation that constitutes the unconfined aquifer [Ref. 8, p. 

44; 22, p. 2; 25, p. 12; 26, pp. 43-45, 105, 112; 34, p. 1]. The upper 5 to 25 feet of the Brunswick Formation are typically 

weathered extensively, and the formation dips about 10 degrees in a northwesterly direction [Ref. 25, p. 12; 26, p. 43]. Average 

hydraulic conductivity for the Brunswick aquifer is 4.3 x 10-4 centimeters per second (cm/s) [Ref. 25, p. 13]. The heterogeneity of 

the Brunswick Formation produces an anisotropic flow pattern within the aquifer [Ref. 35, pp. 1-3]. The formation is a principal 

source of water supply throughout most of its outcrop area, including the site [Ref. 32, pp. 5-11, 16; 35, p. 1]. The Gist Place, 

Orange Park, and Brook Alley wells are screened in the Brunswick aquifer at depths of 61.5-500 feet (87.5 to -351 ft mean sea 

level [MSL]), 56.25-551 feet (143.75 to -351 ft MSL), and 56-506 feet (134 to -316 ft MSL), respectively [Ref. 8, p. 44; 32, pp. 1, 

6-8, 22]. According to the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS), wells located in several 

counties (Mercer, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Somerset, Union, Essex, and Bergen) are completed in the New Jersey portion of the 

aquifer [Ref. 37, pp. 1-135].
15

GW-Observed Release

3.1 LIKELIHOOD OF RELEASE

3.1.1 Observed Release

Aquifer Being Evaluated: Glacial/Brunswick aquifer

An observed release is documented for the Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination site. Chemical analyses for 

ground water samples collected from the Gist Place and Orange Park wells in July 2009 show the presence of chlorinated solvents 

[Ref. 5, pp. 39-40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, pp. 3-4; 9, pp. 36, 39-40, 43, 46-47]. 

Direct Observation

The aquifer is not evaluated for observed release by direct observation.

Chemical Analysis

In July 2009, EPA collected untreated ground water samples SFI-PSW01 from the Gist Place well and SFI-PSW02 from the 

Orange Park well, and background untreated ground water samples SFI-PSW03 and SFI-PSW04 from Well 6 [Ref. 5, pp. 39-40; 

6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, pp. 3-4]. The EPA Region 2 Laboratory analyzed the samples for TCL trace concentration VOCs according 

to its SOP # DW-1, “Analysis of VOCs in Drinking Water by Purge & Trap GC/MS”, dated February 13, 2009 [Ref. 29, p. 1; 30, 

pp. 3, 150-151]. The SOP is based on EPA Method 524.2, as is the analytical method used by EPA’s CLP for trace concentration 

VOC analyses [Ref. 29, p. 3; 31, p. 68]. Although the analyses were not performed under the CLP, the EPA laboratory was able to 

achieve SQLs (the quantity of the substance that could be reasonably quantified given the limits of detection for the methods of 

analysis and sample characteristics) equal to the CLP CRQLs[Ref. 1, p. 51585-51586, 51589; 9, p. 1; 24, pp. 1-2]. Therefore, the 

SQL for PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE in all samples was 0.50 μg/L [Ref. 9, p. 1; 24, pp. 1-2]. Chain-of-custody was maintained 

for the samples throughout collection, shipping, and analysis [Ref. 30, pp. 116, 131, 137, 150-151, 614-615].

PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE were detected in the Gist Place and Orange Park well samples at individual concentrations ranging 

from 1.2 μg/L to 36 μg/L [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 36, 39-40; 30, pp. 150, 525-540]. PCE was detected at significantly lower 

concentrations in the background samples, and TCE and cis-1,2-DCE were not detected (ND) in the background samples [Ref. 6, 

p. 8; 9, pp. 43, 46-47; 30, pp. 151, 546-558, 599-602].

Note about background conditions: 

The compounds (PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE) found in the Gist Place and Orange Park wells are not naturally occurring [Ref. 11, 

p. 1; 12, p. 1; 13, p. 1]. PCE and TCE are man-made chlorinated solvents that are commonly used in commercial/industrial 

operations such as dry cleaning and metal degreasing, while cis-1,2-DCE is used to make solvents and is a common breakdown 

product of PCE and TCE [Ref. 11, p. 1; 12, p. 1; 13, p. 1; 14, p. 16]. For the site-specific samples, all background and 

contaminated samples documenting the observed release were collected from the hydrologic unit being evaluated (i.e., the 

combined glacial/bedrock aquifer) [Ref. 6, p. 8; 8, p. 44; 9, pp. 36, 39-40, 43, 46-47]. Sample collection and analysis procedures 

for the background and release samples, which were all collected on the same day, were identical [Ref. 5, pp. 39-40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 

12, 22]. Although PCE was detected at trace levels in the background samples, the values were two orders of magnitude lower 

than the release concentrations [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 43, 46-47; 30, pp. 151, 546-558, 599-602]. Additionally, available USGS 

water-quality data for wells completed in the aquifer throughout several New Jersey counties demonstrate regional background 

levels: PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE were not detected in the majority of wells and are not ubiquitous in the aquifer at any depth 

ranging from 8 to 1,450 feet (bottom elevations ranging from 570 ft MSL to -1,180 ft MSL) [Ref. 37, pp. 1-135]. The historical 

USGS database includes a well completed to a depth of 400 feet in the Brunswick Aquifer and located approximately 2.5 miles 

northeast of the Gist Place well, which indicated contaminant levels comparable to the background levels found in Well 6 (i.e., > 3 

times lower than the release concentrations) [Ref. 6, p. 8; 9, pp. 43, 46-47; 30, pp. 151, 546-558, 599-602; 37, pp. 66-67]. Based 

on these considerations, the Well 6 samples are considered to be representative of background levels within the aquifer, and are 

used for comparison to the release samples collected from the Gist Place and Orange Park wells.
16

GW-Observed Release

Background Concentrations

During the July 2009 sampling event, EPA collected ground water samples SFI-PSW03 and SFI-PSW04 from the Orange Water 

Department Well 6 [Ref. 5, pp. 39-40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, pp. 3-4]. See the previous paragraph for a full discussion of 

background levels. 

Well Location Screened Interval

(ft MSL)

Sample

Station ID

Sample

Date 

Reference(s)

Well 6 259 to 208 SFI-PSW03 07/07/2009 5, p. 40; 6, p. 22; 32, 

pp. 1, 6-8

SFI-PSW04 07/07/2009 5, p. 40; 6, p. 22; 32, 

pp. 1, 6-8

Sample ID Hazardous Substance Level (μg/L) SQL (μg/L) Reference(s)

SFI-PSW03 cis-1,2-DCE ND 0.50 6, p. 22; 9, p. 43; 24, 

pp. 1-2; 30, pp. 547, 

549

PCE 0.95 0.50

TCE ND 0.50

SFI-PSW04 cis-1,2-DCE ND 0.50 6, p. 22; 9, pp. 46-47; 

24, pp. 1-2; 30, pp. 

556, 558

PCE 0.86 0.50

TCE ND 0.50

Contaminated Samples

During the July 2009 sampling event, EPA collected ground water sample SFI-PSW01 from the Gist Place and ground water 

sample SFI-PSW02 from the Orange Park well, and the results confirmed the presence of PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2- DCE at 

concentrations significantly above background [Ref. 5, pp. 39-40; 6, pp. 4, 8, 12, 22; 7, pp. 3-4; 9, pp. 36, 39-40, 43, 46-47].

Well Location Screened Interval

(ft MSL)

Sample

Station ID

Sample

Date 

Reference(s)

Gist Place 87.5 to -351 SFI-PSW01 07/07/2009 5, p. 40; 6, p. 22; 32, 

pp. 1, 6-8

Orange Park 143.75 to -351 SFI-PSW02 07/07/2009 5, p. 40; 6, p. 22; 32, 

pp. 1, 6-8

Sample ID Hazardous Substance Concentration

(μg/L)

SQL (μg/L) Reference(s)

SFI-PSW01 cis-1,2-DCE 2.2 0.50 6, p. 22; 9, p. 36; 24, 

pp. 1-2; 30, pp. 526-

529

PCE 36 0.50

TCE 11 0.50

SFI-PSW02 cis-1,2-DCE 1.2 0.50 6, p. 22; 9, pp. 39-40; 

24, pp. 1-2; 30, pp. 

536-540

PCE 12 0.50

TCE 2.8 0.50
17

Attribution:

EPA has not yet identified a surface source of the ground water contaminants in the Orange Water Department wells. PCE and 

TCE are man-made chlorinated solvents that are commonly used in commercial/industrial operations such as dry cleaning and 

metal degreasing, while cis-1,2-DCE is used to make solvents and is a common breakdown product of PCE and TCE [Ref. 11, p. 

1; 12, p. 1; 13, p. 1; 14, p. 16]. The site is located in a heavily urbanized area where hundreds of contaminated sites have been 

identified [Ref. 18, pp. 3-123; 19, pp. 3-54; 27, p. 1]. The anisotropic nature of flow in the fractured bedrock aquifer makes it 

difficult to determine where contamination originates[Ref. 35, pp. 1-5]. Drawdown along the strike of the Brunswick Formation 

(northeast-southwest) is typically much greater than other directions, leading to an elongated cone of depression along that axis for 

the supply wells, as demonstrated by designated wellhead protection areas [Ref. 7, p. 4; 8, pp. 114-122; 35, pp. 1-5]. Studies have 

shown that fracture permeability dominates formation permeability, even in zones with matrix porosity up to 20 percent, and it has 

been theorized that water in some fractures could flow for 2 to 3 miles without interruption [Ref. 35, p. 2]. 

EPA attempted to identify the source(s) of observed ground water contamination. During the course of the investigation in JuneJuly 2009, EPA discovered PCE and TCE in soil samples from two adjacent facilities located approximately 1 mile west of the 

contaminated wells [Ref. 5, pp. 19-29; 7, p. 4; 15, pp. 3-11, 13-14, 20, 24-25, 31; 16, pp. 6-15, 27-33, 44-48, 109-121, 127-139, 

144-148]. EPA also discovered shallow ground water contamination at and in the vicinity of the two facilities [Ref. 5, pp. 27-29, 

35-49; 6, pp. 4-8, 12, 14, 22, 31, 39, 48; 9, pp. 14, 18, 53, 63, 69-71, 74, 81, 85, 94, 101-102; 15, pp. 3-4, 8, 11, 31; 16, pp. 150-

163]. A review of environmental databases indicated that three facilities associated with waste codes F001 to F005 (a.k.a. F-listed 

wastes) (i.e., spent halogenated solvents that might contain PCE or TCE) are located within 1⁄4 mile of the study area [Ref. 17, pp. 

62-64, 110-114, 131-164].

Based on the results of the June-July 2009 investigation, EPA conducted database searches centered on the Gist Place and Orange 

Park wells. The findings indicated that there are 22 facilities (including the two identified by EPA’s investigation) associated with 

F001 to F005 wastes located within approximately 1 mile of one or both wells [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 372-4126; 19, pp. 181-

1098]. Figure 1 shows the locations of the facilities associated with F-listed wastes, including the facilities investigated by EPA in 

June-July 2009 [Ref. 27, p. 1].

EPA requested file searches at NJDEP for the facilities associated with F-listed wastes (except the two that had already been 

investigated). File reviews by EPA for 12 sites (other sites did not have files available) confirmed that PCE or TCE have been 

detected in soil or shallow ground water at six facilities, and that PCE was used at another facility. Some other investigations 

revolved around gasoline constituents or did not include sampling activities, leaving the presence or absence of site contaminants 

at some facilities as yet undetermined [Ref. 20, all pages].

In addition to the facilities discussed above, the environmental database searches indicated that there are 44 registered drycleaners 

and 339 historical cleaners located within 2 miles of the Gist Place well, and 9 registered drycleaners and 89 historical cleaners 

located within 0.75 mile of the Orange Park well [Ref. 18, pp. 95-96, 104-111, 127; 19, pp. 47, 50-52, 58]. Although there is this 

multitude of facilities in the region that are or could be associated with the site contaminants, there is not sufficient evidence (i.e., 

data for intervening areas) to attribute the ground water contamination in the public supply wells to any specific facility(ies); 

therefore, there is no identified source(s) of contamination [Ref. 17 through 20]. 

The 22 facilities associated with F-listed wastes and located within approximately 1 mile of the area of observed ground water 

contamination, including the two facilities investigated by EPA in June-July 2009, are described below: 

Selecto Flash, Inc.

Selecto Flash, Inc. (SFI), an active facility involved in the silk-screening of large-scale decals, is located at 18 Central 

Avenue, West Orange, approximately 0.95 mile northwest of the Orange Park well and 1.25 miles southwest of the Gist 

Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 5, pp. 2, 4-5; 38, p. 5]. The facility was owned and occupied by a stapling machine 

manufacturer (Bates Manufacturing Company) from 1926 to 1980, and by SFI since 1980 [Ref. 38, pp. 5, 49]. SFI used 

solvent-based inks until the late 1980s, at which time the facility converted to ultraviolet (UV)-curable inks [Ref. 5, p. 5; 

38, pp. 5, 38-39, 49]. The SFI facility was classified as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) large 

quantity generator (LQG) from 1985-1992, and it is currently classified as a small quantity generator (SQG) [Ref. 5, p. 4; 

17, pp. 26, 30-31]. The facility has received several notices of violation, including “significant non-complier” in 

November 2006 [Ref. 18, pp. 2340-2344]. From 1985-1988, wastes classified as F003-Unknown or F005-Unknown 
18

were removed from the facility and transported to a registered treatment, storage and disposal facility (TSDF) for 

material recovery [Ref. 18, pp. 2350-2356]. Spent solvents and rags are containerized and stored on site prior to off-site 

hazardous waste disposal [Ref. 5, pp. 4-5; 38, pp. 5, 51-54]. In May 2009, EPA observed numerous drums and 5-gallon 

buckets of paints and solvents in a one-story storage building on the western corner of the property [Ref. 5, pp. 2-10].

Analytical results for soil samples collected from the SFI property in 1987-1988 indicated the presence of several VOCs, 

including TCE, PCE, and trans-1,2-DCE [Ref. 38, pp. 9-10, 133-169]. Ground water samples collected from on-site 

monitoring wells from 1987-1994 indicated the presence of TCE, PCE, trans-1,2-DCE, and vinyl chloride [Ref. 38, pp. 

7-8, 149-150, 162, 172-180]. SFI entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with NJDEP in November 1995 for 

the purpose of conducting remedial investigation and action, but as of 2009 there had been no remedial actions [Ref. 5, 

pp. 2-50; 39, pp. 1-5; 40, p. 1]. In June 2009, EPA collected surface and subsurface soil samples from the SFI property; 

TCE was detected at concentrations up to 20,000 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg) and PCE was detected up to 870 

μg/kg [Ref. 5, pp. 18-28; 7, p. 2; 15, pp. 1-15; 16, pp. 6-15, 45, 48]. In July 2009, EPA collected ground water samples 

from monitoring wells at and in the vicinity of the SFI property [Ref. 5, pp. 35-46; 6, pp. 1-12]. TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and 

vinyl chloride were detected in a monitoring well located on the SFI property [Ref. 7, p. 3; 9, pp. 70-74].

Biddelman, Inc.

The Biddelman, Inc. (Biddelman) property, located adjacent to SFI at 4 Central Avenue in West Orange, is the former 

location of a wholesale dry cleaning supply distributor [Ref. 5, p. 6; 38, p. 5; 41, pp. 1, 6]. Biddelman sold and 

distributed a wide range of dry cleaning supplies, including Perchlor (a.k.a. PCE), which was stored in a 4,000-gallon 

aboveground storage tank until February 1986 when the tank was removed [Ref. 41, pp. 6-7, 10]. In June 2009, EPA 

collected surface and subsurface soil samples from the Biddelman property [Ref. 5, pp. 18-28; 7, p. 2; 15, pp. 5-8, 11, 24-

32]. PCE was detected at concentrations up to 93,000 μg/kg and TCE was detected as high as 9,200 μg/kg in soil samples 

from the Biddelman property [Ref. 15, pp. 5-8; 16, pp. 27-33, 109-121, 127-148].

During the soil sampling event in June 2009, EPA collected four grab ground water samples from temporary monitoring 

wells on the Biddelman property [Ref. 5, pp. 27-29; 15, pp. 8, 11, 31]. In July 2009, EPA collected two additional 

ground water samples from monitoring wells installed on the Biddelman property [Ref. 5, pp. 34, 46-47; 6, pp. 7, 12, 48-

50]. PCE was detected at concentrations up to 3,300 μg/L and TCE was detected as high as 510 μg/L in the ground water 

samples from the Biddelman property; cis-1,2-DCE and vinyl chloride were also detected in some of the ground water 

samples [Ref. 7, p. 3; 9, pp. 101-105; 16, pp. 150-163].

 

During the July 2009 sampling event, EPA collected ground water samples from monitoring wells in the vicinity of the 

SFI and Biddelman properties [Ref. 5, pp. 36-47; 6, pp. 6-8, 12, 14-54]. These samples showed TCE concentrations 

ranging from non-detect to 12 μg/L and PCE concentrations ranging from non-detect to 35 μg/L [Ref. 9, pp. 2-18, 52-69, 

81-95]. The sampling results indicate that TCE, PCE, and other contaminants are present in monitoring wells located 

more than 400 feet from the SFI and Biddelman properties [Ref. 6, p. 12]. A review of environmental databases indicated 

that three facilities associated with waste codes F001 to F005 (i.e., spent halogenated solvents that might contain PCE or 

TCE) are located within 1⁄4 mile of the SFI facility [Ref. 17, pp. 62-64, 110-114, 131-164].

Kaye & MacDonald Inc.

The Kaye & MacDonald Inc. (K&M) facility, EPA ID No. NJD986651586, is located at 11-15 Central Avenue in West 

Orange, approximately 0.95 mile northwest of the Orange Park well and 1.25 miles southwest of the Gist Place well 

[Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2394-2401]. K&M manufactured pressure valves at the facility for more than 50 years [Ref. 20, p. 

10]. The facility was classified as an SQG from 1993-2003, and it is currently classified as a conditionally exempt small 

quantity generator (CESQG) [Ref. 18, pp. 2399-2400]. Hazardous wastes associated with this facility include F001, 

F003, and F005 wastes [Ref. 18, pp. 2400-2401]. NJDEP files indicate that environmental concerns at the K&M facility 

were first identified in 1994 and that there have been several investigation activities since that time [Ref. 20, pp. 10-17]. 

In 1999, historical soil contamination was reported for the facility [Ref. 18, p. 2395]. Analytical results for soil samples

collected in July 1999 indicated the presence of PCE, and ground water samples collected between June 2000 and 

November 2002 indicated the presence of PCE and TCE [Ref. 20, pp. 46-182]. In addition, a sample of free-floating 

gasoline collected from a ground-water monitoring well in December 2001 contained 237 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of 

PCE [Ref. 20, pp. 51-52, 107].

Mastro Craft Woodworking (a.k.a. Joe Berardi Furniture Refinishing)
19

The Mastro Craft Woodworking (a.k.a. Joe Berardi Furniture Refinishing) facility, EPA ID No. NJR000033225, is 

located at 540 Mitchell Street in Orange, approximately 0.88 mile northwest of the Orange Park well and 1.27 miles 

southwest of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2423-2429]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 2000, but it 

is currently classified as a non-generator [Ref. 18, pp. 2424-2425]. In 2007, waste classified as F003 was removed from 

the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, p. 2426].

Tryco Tool & Mfg Co Inc.

The Tryco Tool & Mfg Co Inc. facility, EPA ID No. NJD002145001, is located at 363 South Jefferson Street in Orange, 

approximately 0.87 mile northwest of the Orange Park well and 1.35 miles southwest of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; 

Ref. 18, pp. 2607-2640]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1980 and an LQG from 1990-2002, and it is currently 

classified as an SQG [Ref. 18, pp. 2607-2608]. The facility received several notices of violation, including “significant 

non-complier” in January 1998 [Ref. 18, pp. 2608-2612]. From 1989-1999, wastes classified as F001-Unknown were 

removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF for material recovery [Ref. 18, pp. 2626-2639].

NJ Transit Auth Bus Oper Orange Garage (a.k.a. Orange Bus Garage)

The NJ Transit Auth Bus Oper Orange Garage (a.k.a. Orange Bus Garage) facility, EPA ID No. NJD981134828, is 

located at 420 Thomas Boulevard in Orange, approximately 0.3 mile northeast of the Gist Place well and 1.65 miles 

north-northeast of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, p. 372-389]. The facility, which has operated as a bus garage 

since 1967, was classified as an LQG from 1990-1994, and it is currently classified as a CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 372-374; 

20, p. 588]. In 1993, wastes classified as F005-Unknown were removed from the facility and transported to a registered 

TSDF for incineration [Ref. 18, pp. 375-378]. A 1,000-gallon waste oil underground storage tank (UST) was installed at 

the facility in 1986 and is still in use [Ref. 18, pp. 384, 388; 20, p. 525]. The facility has received written notices of 

violation (NOV) [Ref. 18, p. 374]. In 1996, there was a leak from the oil/water separator that might have entered the 

storm drain system [Ref. 18, pp. 382-383].

NJDEP files indicate that various environmental investigations have occurred at the facility since the 1980s and that 

several areas of concern (AOC) have been identified, with an apparent focus on petroleum hydrocarbons [Ref. 20, pp. 

457-1372]. TCE, PCE, and cis-1,2-DCE have been detected in numerous ground water samples collected at the facility 

from 1994-2006, and TCE was detected in at least one soil sample [Ref. 20, pp. 473-537, 597-608, 629-651, 868-877, 

901-926, 964, 1026-1040, 1125-1129, 1177-1187, 1222-1237, 1307-1327].

Parker Precision Products Company

The Parker Precision Products Company facility, EPA ID No. NJD986628105, is located at 32 Bell Street in Orange, 

approximately 0.73 mile southwest of the Gist Place well and 0.98 mile north-northwest of the Orange Park well [Figure 

1; Ref. 18, pp. 1257-1261]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1992, but it is currently not classified as a generator 

[Ref. 18, p. 1259]. In 1993, wastes classified as F001-Unknown were removed from the facility and transported to a 

registered TSDF for incineration [Ref. 18, p. 1260]. Electronic data obtained from NJDEP indicates that PCE was 

detected in solid samples collected at the facility in 1999, and that PCE and TCE were detected in ground water samples 

collected from 1999-2004 [Ref. 20, pp. 275-425].

H Reisman Corp (a.k.a. Lycored Corp)

The H Reisman Corp (a.k.a. Lycored Corp) facility, EPA ID No. NJD052789823, is located at 377 Crane Street in 

Orange, approximately 0.76 mile southwest of the Gist Place well and 0.76 mile north-northwest of the Orange Park well 

[Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 1347-1377]. The facility was classified as an LQG from 1992-2001, and it is currently classified 

as an SQG [Ref. 18, pp. 1349-1351]. In 2009, waste classified as F001 wasremoved from the facility and transported to a 

registered TSDF [Ref. 18, p. 1363]. In 1993, there was a report to NJDEP of contaminated soil and ground water at the 

facility [Ref. 18, pp. 1376-1377].

Water Works Lab Inc.

The Water Works Lab Inc facility, EPA ID No. NJD982738551, is located at 364 Glenwood Avenue in East Orange, 

approximately 0.77 mile east of the Gist Place well and 1.71 miles northeast of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, 

pp. 1378-1392]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1989 and an LQG in 1992, and it is currently classified as a 

CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 1378-1380]. From 1991-1994, wastes classified as F001-Unknown were removed from the facility
20

and transported to a registered TSDF for material recovery [Ref. 18, pp. 1381-1389]. In 2008-2009, wastes classified as 

F002 were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 1390-1392].

Electronic Control Security Incorporated (a.k.a. Otis Elevator Company)

The Electronic Control Security Incorporated (a.k.a. Otis Elevator Company) facility, EPA ID No. NJD000261347, is 

located at 101 Halsted Street in East Orange, approximately 0.6 mile east-northeast of the Orange Park well and 1.21 

miles south-southeast of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 2313-2315]. In 1990, waste classified as F001-

Unknown was removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF for material recovery [Ref. 18, pp. 2313-

2314]. The NJDEP files for this facility contain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a product that contained 35 

percent PCE [Ref. 20, pp. 190-201].

East Orange Bd of Ed Service Building

The East Orange Bd of Ed Service Building facility, EPA ID No. NJD986649523, is located at 16 Winans Street in East 

Orange, approximately 1.06 miles east of the Orange Park well and 1.47 miles southeast of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; 

Ref. 18, pp. 2742-2752]. The facility was classified as a CESQG from 1993-2001, and it is currently classified as an SQG

[Ref. 18, pp. 2744-2745]. Hazardous wastes associated with this facility include carbon tetrachloride and F002 waste

[Ref. 18, pp. 2745-2746].

Floridian Cleaners Inc.

The Floridian Cleaners Inc. facility, EPA ID No. NJD071170351, is located at 68 City Hall Plaza in East Orange, 

approximately 1.05 miles east of the Orange Park well and 1.47 miles southeast of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18,

pp. 2959-2971]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1985 and an SQG in 2009, and it is currently classified as an 

LQG [Ref. 18, pp. 2959-2961]. In 2009, wastes classified as F002 were removed from the facility and transported to a 

registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 2962-2971]. NJDEP files indicate that PCE was detected in a soil sample collected at the 

facility in September 2004 [Ref. 20, pp. 426-456].

Veterans Admin. Medical Center

The Veterans Admin. Medical Center facility, EPA ID No. NJ0360010375, is located on Tremont Avenue in East 

Orange, approximately 0.52 mile south-southwest of the Orange Park well and 1.86 miles south-southwest of the Gist 

Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 3869-3900]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1997 and an LQG from 2001-

2004, and it is currently classified as an SQG [Ref. 18, pp. 3870-3872]. The facility received several notices of violation, 

including “significant non-complier” in June 1997 [Ref. 18, pp. 3874-3877]. From 1989-1990, wastes classified as F003-

Unknown were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF for treatment [Ref. 18, pp. 3893-3900].

E&Y Scotland Cleaners

The E&Y Scotland Cleaners facility, EPA ID No. NJD042913442, is located at 675 Scotland Road in Orange, 

approximately 0.97 mile west-southwest of the Orange Park well and 1.91 miles southwest of the Gist Place well[Figure 

1; Ref. 18, pp. 3980-3983]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1984 and a CESQG in 2006, but it is currently 

classified as a non-generator [Ref. 18, pp. 3980-3981]. Hazardous wastes associated with this facility include PCE, F001, 

and F002 waste [Ref. 18, pp. 3981-3982].

239 Central Ave. LLC

The 239 Central Ave. LLC facility, EPA ID No. NJR000066167, is located at 239 Central Avenue in East Orange,

approximately 1.06 miles southeast of the Orange Park well and 1.98 miles south-southeast of the Gist Place well[Figure 

1; Ref. 18, pp. 4090-4095]. The facility has been classified as an LQG since 2007 [Ref. 18, pp. 4092-4094]. In 2007, 

waste PCE and F002 waste were removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 4090-

4095].

Brick Church Dry Cleaners

The Brick Church Dry Cleaners facility, EPA ID No. NJD986615128, is located at 519 Main Street in East Orange, 

approximately 0.85 mile east-northeast of the Orange Park well and 1.18 miles south-southeast of the Gist Place well
21

[Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 1953-1955]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1991, but it is currently classified as a nongenerator [Ref. 18, pp. 1953-1954]. In 1996, waste classified as “F002-HALO SOLV + STILLBOTTOMS FM REC OF

SOLV” was removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF for incineration [Ref. 18, pp. 1954-1955].

Bell Atlantic

The Bell Atlantic facility, EPA ID No. NJD980772099, is located at 650 Park Avenue in East Orange, approximately 0.6

mile southeast of the Gist Place well and 1.1 miles north-northeast of the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 848-

856]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1984, but it is currently classified as a non-generator [Ref. 18, pp. 848-

849]. In 2006, waste classified as F003 wasremoved from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 

851-852].

Maaco Auto Painting & Bodyworks

The Maaco Auto Painting & Bodyworks facility, EPA ID No. NJD063146716, is located at 46 Central Avenue in 

Orange, approximately 0.24 mile northeast of the Orange Park well and 1.21 miles south of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; 

Ref. 18, pp. 2229-2236]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1983 and an LQG in 1994, and it is currently classified 

as a CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 2229-2230]. In 2007, waste classified as F003 was removed from the facility and transported 

to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 2232-2233].

Du Rite Auto Body Inc.

The Du Rite Auto Body Inc. facility, EPA ID No. NJD982718330, is located at 43 Central Avenue in Orange, 

approximately 0.24 mile northeast of the Orange Park well and 1.18 miles south of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, 

pp. 2259-2263]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1988, and it is currently classified as a CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 

2259-2261]. In 2008-2009, wastes classified as F003 were removed from the facility and transported to a registered 

TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 2262-2263].

George’s Auto Body Inc. (a.k.a. George’s Body Shop)

The George’s Auto Body Inc. (a.k.a. George’s Body Shop) facility, EPA RCRA handler ID No. NJD054898457, is 

located at 522 Beach Street in Orange, approximately 0.97 mile west of the Orange Park well and 1.85 miles southwest of 

the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 3779-3783]. The facility was classified as an LQG in 1984 and an SQG in 

1992, but it is currently classified as a non-generator [Ref. 18, pp. 3780-3781]. In 2008, waste classified as F003 was 

removed from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, p. 3779].

East Orange General Hospital

The East Orange General Hospital facility, EPA RCRA-CESQG ID No. NJD067521070, is located at 300 Central 

Avenue in East Orange, approximately 0.97 mile east-southeast of the Orange Park well and 1.88 miles south-southeast 

of the Gist Place well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 3808-3825]. The facility was classified as an SQG in 1996, and it is 

currently classified as a CESQG [Ref. 18, pp. 3820-3821]. In 2007 and 2009, wastes classified as F003 were removed 

from the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 3823-3825].

Cozzolino Inc. (a.k.a. Cozzolino Furniture Design Inc)

The Cozzolino Inc. (a.k.a. Cozzolino Furniture Design Inc) facility, EPA ID No. NJX000277822, is located at 20 

Standish Avenue in West Orange, approximately 0.48 mile west of the Gist Place well and 1.41 miles north-northwest of 

the Orange Park well [Figure 1; Ref. 18, pp. 620-634]. From 2007-2009, wastes classified as F005 were removed from 

the facility and transported to a registered TSDF [Ref. 18, pp. 622-629]. NJDEP files indicate that TCE and 1,2-DCE 

were detected in a ground water sample collected at the facility in March 1991 [Ref. 20, pp. 1373-1406].

Hazardous Substances Released:

Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-DCE) CAS No. 000156-59-2 

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) CAS No. 000127-18-4 
22

Trichloroethylene (TCE) CAS No. 000079-01-6 

==================================================================================

 Ground Water Observed Release Factor Value: 550
23

GW-Waste Characteristics

3.2 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

3.2.1 Toxicity/Mobility

Hazardous Substance Source 

Numbers

Toxicity 

Factor Value

Mobility 

Factor Value

Toxicity/ 

Mobility

Reference

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 1, OR 100 1.0 100 2, p. 4

Tetrachloroethylene 1, OR 100 1.0 100 2, p. 5

Trichloroethylene 1, OR 1,000 1.0 1,000 42, p. 2; 43, pp. 

1-12

OR = Observed Release

3.2.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity

Source Number Source Hazardous Waste Quantity 

(HWQ) Value (Section 2.4.2.1.5)

Is source hazardous constituent 

quantity data complete? (yes/no)

1 >0 No

Sum of Values: 1 (rounded to 1 as specified in HRS Section 2.4.2.2)

The sum corresponds to a hazardous waste quantity factor value of 1 in Table 2-6 of the HRS [Ref. 1, p. 51591]. However, based 

on the fact that targets are subject to Level I concentrations (see Section 3.3.2.3), a hazardous waste quantity factor value of 100 is 

assigned if it is greater than the hazardous waste quantity value from Table 2-6 (i.e., 1) [Ref. 1, pp 51591-51592]. Therefore, a 

hazardous waste quantity factor value of 100 is assigned for the ground water pathway [Ref. 1, pp 51591-51592]. 

3.2.3 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value

TCE corresponds to the toxicity/mobility factor value of 1,000, as shown previously (see Section 3.2.1).

Toxicity/Mobility Factor Value (1,000) x Hazardous

Waste Quantity Factor Value (100): 1 x 105

The product (1 x 105

) corresponds to a Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value of 18 in Table 2-7 of the HRS [Ref. 1, p. 

51592].

==================================================================================

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 100

Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 18
24

GW-Targets

3.3 TARGETS

The Orange Water Department system consists of six active wells and serves a population of 33,000 people [Ref. 8, p. 44; 21, p. 1; 

32, p. 2]. No single well contributes more than 40 percent of the total blended system, so the population is apportioned equally 

among the system components (i.e., six wells) [Ref. 1, p. 51603; 8, p. 44; 32, pp. 1-2] . Therefore, the Gist Place and Orange Park

wells each is apportioned a population of 5,500 people [Ref. 8, p. 44; 21, p. 1; 32, pp. 1-2]. The apportioned populations and 

levels of contamination are presented below:

Well Distance from 

Source (mi.)*

Population Level I Conc. 

(Y/N)**

Level II Conc. 

(Y/N)**

Potential 

Contam. (Y/N)

Reference(s)

Gist 

Place

0.7 5,500 Y N N Figure 1; 21, p. 

1; 32, pp. 1-2

Orange 

Park

0.7 5,500 Y N N Figure 1; 21, p. 

1; 32, pp. 1-2

* Distance is measured from the center of the area of observed ground water contamination [Figure 1].

** Maximum Contaminant Level/Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCL/MCLG), Reference Dose Screen Concentration

(RfD), and Cancer Risk Screen Concentration (CRSC) were used as benchmarks to evaluate the level of contamination [Ref. 1, p.

51593]. Applicable benchmarks for the contaminants detected in the observed release, presented here in μg/L for consistency with 

reported data, are as follows:

Substance MCL/MCLG RfD CRSC Reference(s)

cis-1,2-DCE 70 360 --- 2, p. 6

PCE 5 360 1.6 2, p. 7

TCE 5 11 1.0 2, p. 10; 43, p. 

12

Level I Concentrations

Well Sample Substance Conc. (μg/L) Benchmark (μg/L) Reference(s)

Gist Place SFI-PSW01 PCE 36 1.6 (CRSC) 2, p. 7; 9, p. 36

TCE 11 1.0 (CRSC) 9, p. 36; 43, p. 12

Orange Park SFI-PSW02 PCE 12 1.6 (CRSC) 2, p. 7; 9, p. 40

TCE 2.8 1.0 (CRSC) 9, p. 39; 43, p. 12
25

GW-Nearest Well/Population

3.3.1 Nearest Well

As identified in Section 3.3 of this document, the Gist Place and Orange Park drinking water wells are subject to Level I 

concentrations. Therefore, a nearest well factor value of 50 is assigned [Ref. 1, pp. 51602, 51603].

==================================================================================

Nearest Well Factor Value: 50

3.3.2 Population

3.3.2.2 Level I Concentrations

As identified in Section 3.3, the Gist Place and Orange Park drinking water wells are subject to Level I concentrations. The 

populations assigned to the wells are also explained in Section 3.3.

Level I Well Population Reference(s)

Gist Place 5,500 2, pp. 7, 10; 9, p. 36; 21, p. 1; 32, pp. 1-2; 

42, p. 2; 43, p. 12

Orange Park 5,500 2, pp. 7, 10; 9, p. 40; 21, p. 1; 32, pp. 1-2; 

42, p. 2; 43, p. 12

==================================================================================

Population Served by Level I Wells: 11,000 Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 110,000 

3.3.2.3 Level II Concentrations

The populations served by the contaminated drinking water wells (Gist Place and Orange Park) are already counted under the 

Level I concentrations factor. The Level II concentrations factor value is 0 because there are no other points of withdrawal subject 

to Level II concentrations [Ref. 1, p. 51603].

Level II Well Population Reference(s)

N/A N/A N/A

==================================================================================

Population Served by Level II Wells: 0 Level II Concentrations Factor Value: 0

3.3.2.4 Potential Contamination

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Potential 

Contamination Factor Value was not scored.

=================================================================================

Potential Contamination Factor Value: NS
26

GW-Resources/Wellhead Protection Area

3.3.3 Resources

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Resources Factor

Value was not scored.

==================================================================================

Resources Factor Value: NS

3.3.4 Wellhead Protection Area

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Wellhead 

Protection Area Factor Value was not scored.

===================================================================================

Wellhead Protection Area Factor Value: NS