Bulletin No. 326 Series { J' fjCOD°T ^"p 10?9« \ B, Descriptive Geology, 128

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOK

THE

ARKANSAS COAL FIELD

By ARTHUR J. COLLIER

WITH

REPORTS ON THE PALEONTOLOGY

By DAVID WHITE and G. H. GIRTY

WASHINGTON

G OVEKNMENT P It I N T I N G O F F I C E

1907

CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction ............................................................... 1

Need of investigation ............... ^...........:..................... 1

Personnel............................................................ 1

Itinerary ............................................................. 2

Acknowledgments.................................................... 2

Oieneral conclusions .............-..----------------------.------------ -4

Geography. .............................................................. 4

Position and extent of the coal field ................'........... ........ 4

Maps of the coal field................................................. 5

Commercial relations ................................................. 7

Towns and villages ................................................... 8

Drainage.............................................................. 8

Topographic provinces................................................ 9

General geology............................................................ 10

Stratigraphy ......................................................... 1.0

General description and correlation ................................. 1.0

A toka formation ................................................. 13

Hartshorne sandstone .......................I.................... 1.5

Spadra shale.............'........................................ 17

Fort Smith formation............................................. 18

Paris shale.................................................J..... 20

Savanna formation :............... ................................ 21

Surficial deposits................................................. 22

Paleontology......................................................... 23

Conclusions drawn from studies of the fossils....................... 23

Eeport on fossil plants, by David White ........................... 24

Extent and character of the collections ......................... 24

Flora of the Coal Hill coal.................................... 25

Flora of the Spadra coal ...................................... 26

Flora of the Coal Ridge or Charleston coal ...................... 27

The Paris flora............................................... 28

Lots of doubtful age.....................1..................... 28

The Van Buren flora ......................................... 30

Other collections..................................... .-. ...... 31.

Report on marine Carboniferous fossils from the coal field of Arkansas,- by George H. Girty ........................ . .:..i.......... 31

Structure ............................................................ 35

General features................................................... 35

Anticlines........................................................ 36

Backbone anticline ............................................ 37

Biswell Hill anticline......................................... 37

Massard Prairie anticline...................................... 38

Montreal anticline............................................ 38

Hartford anticline.............................................. 38
IV , CONTENTS.

General geology Continued. 

Structure Continued.

Anticlines Continued. Page.

Mill Creek Ridge anticline .................................... 38

Game Hill anticline............................................ 38

Prairie View anticline ........................................ 38

Coal Hill anticline..... T ........................................ 39

Russellville anticline.......................................... 39

Synclines ........................................................ 39

Fort Smith syncline...................................'........ 39

Central syncline...... . * ........................................ 39

Greenwood syncline .......................................... 39

Sugarloaf syncline............................................ 39

Poteau syncline ................. .f ............................ 39

Paris syncline................................................. 40

Prairie View syncline......................................... 40

Cabin Creek syncline ......................................... 40

London basin ................................................ 40

Ouita and Shinn basins ....................................... 40

Faults..................................._............,.......... 40

General types ................................................ . 40

Backbone Ridge fault......................................... 41

Devils Backbone and Pine Ridge faults ...........__,..;....... 42

Caulksville fault.............................................. 42

Prairie View fault............................................ 42

Clarksville fault.............................................. 42

Big Danger fault ............................................. . 43

Spadra fault...-......................................,...'...... 44

Hartman fault............................................... 44

Coal Hill fault................................................ 45

Altus fault. .................................................. 45

Mill Creek fault. ............................................... 45

Massard fault ................................................. 46

Mulberry fault............................................... 46

Minor structural features. .......................................... 47

Joints ....................................................... 47

Miniature folds............................................... 48

Economic geology................--...................................'... 49

The coal beds..............................................'.......... 49

Distribution ..................................................... 49

Coals of the Hartshorne horizon................................... 50

Character and distribution ..............;..................... 50

Bonanza and Jenny Lind district.............................. 51

Greenwood and Huntington district........................... 56

Location and extent..-......--....--...--.--....-- ------ 56

Character and thickness o.f the coal........................ 56

Hackett region........................................... 57

Greenwood region..............'.........-....-..-.-..-... 59

Montreal, Burma, and Midland regions .................... 60

Huntington region........................................ 61

Depths to the coal.... ........--....-...----......---. ---. G2

Bates and Coaldale district'................................... 62

Charleston and Paris district.....'...................---.-.--.. 63

VanBuren and Alma district.__......__.............---.-.---. 65

Coal Hill and Denning district................................. 66
CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. V

Economic geology Continued. 

The coal beds Continued.

Coals of the Hartshorne horizon Continued. Page.

Spadra district ............................................... ' 68

Prairie View district.......................................... 72

Russellville district........................................... 74

Ouita basin ................................ 1............. 74

Shinn basin.............................................. 75

Philpott district.............................................. 75

Other localities............................................... 76

Coals of the Coal Ridge or Charleston horizon ...................... 77

Charleston district............................................ 77

Bonanza and Jenny Lincl district.............................. 78

Van Buren and Alma district................................. 79

Huntington district...............:...............-........... 79

Paris district.................................................. 79

Spadra district ............................................... 80

Philpott district............................!....-.----------- 80

Coals of the Paris horizon ^........................................ 80

Coals in the Atoka formation........................................ 81

Character of the coal ................................................. 83

Physical characteristics ............... ............................ 83

Classification of the coal.......................................... 84

Efficiency of the coal.......... 1.................................. 86

Special tests and analyses ............................................. 87

Analyses made by Arkansas Geological Survey ..................... 87

Fuel-testing plant samples ........................................ 88

Chemical analyses................................................ 95

Coking tests ..................................................... 99

Briquetting tests ................................................. 100

Boiler tests ....................................................... 101

Conditions of mining and development................................ 103

Production ...................................................... 103

Methods of mining.........................................'...... 105

System of working coal....................................... 105

Mining....................................................... 105

Haulage, ventilation, and drainage ............................ 106

. Minimum limit of thickness................................... 106

Preparation of the coal for market................................. 106

Labor ........................................................... 107

Portion of contract between miners and operators .................. 107

Mines, openings, and exposures of coal ................................. 112

Index ................................................................... 151

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page, 

PLATE I. Generalized columnar section of the coal-bearing rocks ............ 12

II. A, View of Potato Hill; B, Exposure of Hartshorne sandstone south

 of Shinn basin ................................................ 16

III. A, Exposure of the Hartshorne sandstone near Piney Creek, east of 

Knoxville; B, Apparent unconformity in Hartshorne sandstone 

due to false bedding ........................................... . 1.8
VI ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.

PLATE IV. A, Jointing of sandstone in quarry at Cabin Creek; B, Irregular 

bedding in sandstone of Atoka or Winslow formation, one-half 

mile west of Ozark . ............,_.,.,...............-.......... 20

V. Breaker at Scranton Anthracite Coal Company's mine, Spadra

district...................................................... 106

 VI. - Geologic and economic map and sections of the Arkansas coal

field ................................................... In pocket.

Fro. 1. Map showing geographic position and railroad connection of the

Arkansas coal field............................................. 5

. 2. Outline map of Arkansas coal field, showing mining centers, railroads, settlements, etc.......................................... 6

3. Graphic sections of upper part of Atoka formation ................. 14

4. Graphic sections of Hartshorne formation.......................... 16

5. Graphic sections of Spadra shale................................... 18

6. Graphic sections of Fort Smith formation.......................... 20

7. Graphic sections of Paris shale.................................... 21

8. Map showing structural features of Arkansas coal field.............. 36

9. Diagram of Backbone Ridge fault................................. 41

10. Diagram of Clarksville fault ...................................... 43

11. Minor structural features of coal beds.............................. 48

12. Distribution of Plartshorne coal horizon ........................... 51

13. Diagram showing relation of topography to geologic structure at Long

Prairie, near Jenny Lind ....................................... 52

14. Diagram showing relation of topography to geologic structure at

Massard Prairie.. .............................................. 52

15. Profile of coal bed at Jenny Lind.................................. 53

16. Graphic sections of coal along outcrop from Bonanza to Oak Grove.. 54

17. Graphic sections of coal on outcrop from Jenny Lind to Massard

Prairie ........................ .................1. ............. 55

18. Graphic sections of coal on outcrop from Hackett to Greenwood and

Fidelity........................................................ 58

19. Graphic sections of coal on outcrop in Montreal, Burma, and Midland

regions........................................................ 60

20. Graphic sections of coal on outcrop from Huntington through Hartford to Chasteen slope. ......................................... 61

21. Characteristic sections of coal bed on outcrop south of Poteau Mountain ........................................................... 63

22. Map showing structure of Coal Hill-Denning district............... 67

23. Graphic sections of coal at Denning ............................... 68

24. Map of Spadra and Prairie View coal fields ........................ 69

25. Sections showing thickness of coal bed in Spadra district, and in undeveloped field north of Larnar ................................. 71

26. Graphic sections of coal in Prairie View field ...................... 73

27. Characteristic sections of coal bed at Charleston horizon............ 77

28. Diagram showing composition of coals from different parts of the

Arkansas field ................................................. 85

29. Diagram showing relative calorific values of coals from different parts

of the Arkansas field........................................... 87
THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

By ARTHUR J. COLLIER.

INTRODUCTION.

Need of investigation. Both the Carboniferous and the Tertiary 

rocks of Arkansas contain extensive deposits of coal, but only those 

of the older system in a field situated within the valley of Arkansas 

River and adjacent to the western boundary of the State have been 

exploited and are known to the trade. These coals have always 

borne a high reputation, but the demand for them has greatly 

increased in recent years. They grade from bituminous to semianthracite, and comparative experiments at the Geological Survey's 

fuel-testing plant have shown that coals of as good quality are not 

found elsewhere in the United States west of West Virginia." New 

uses for them have been found which indicate their importance in 

the commercial development of the Middle West. At the same 

time mining operations within the field have demonstrated that 

its structure is more complex and the known areas of workable coal 

more limited than the results of earlier surveys would indicate.

For these reasons a number of operators and dealers in Arkansas 

coal called on the United States Geological Survey for more definite 

information regarding the extent and geologic structure of these coal 

beds, and in compliance with this demand a detailed reconnaissance 

investigation of the field was made from March 1 to August 1, 1906, 

the results of which are embodied in this report.

Personnel. In both the field and the office the writer was efficiently assisted by Mr. Carl D. Smith, who was already familiar 

with the problems involved, through his previous connection with 

the survey of adjacent coal fields in Indian Territory, and who was 

identified with this investigation throughout both the field and the 

office work; by Mr. Sidney Paige, who participated in the field work 

during the first two months of the season, before his departure 

for Alaska, and after his return assisted in preparing some of the 

maps; and by Mr. R. D. Mesler, who brought to this work an

o Carapbell, M. R., Classification of coals, in Report on the operations of the coal-testing plant, 1904: 

Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48,1906, pp. 156-173.
2 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

experience gained in adjacent regions north and west, and remained 

with the party through two months of the field season. Much of 

the accuracy of this report is due to the faithful work of these geologists.

Mr. M. R. Campbell, geologist in charge of economic geology of 

fuels, spent two weeks with the party in the field, .making many 

valuable suggestions and directing the course of the work. Prof. 

A. H. Purdue, of the University of Arkansas, author of the Winslow 

folio, also visited the party while in the northwestern part of the 

field and contributed valuable information regarding the details of 

the structure there, as indicated.by his interpretation of the geology 

of the Winslow quadrangle.a

Itinerary. The field party began work early in March, 1906, at 

Midland, Ark., and, after carrying the investigation eastward along 

the southern boundary of the coal field to its eastern extremity near 

Dardanelle, turned westward along the northern boundary and completed the greater part of the field work by the last of June. Mr. 

Smith, however, with a smaller outfit, remained in the field until 

the last of July, reviewing many doubtful points regarding which 

the interpretation had not been fully settled during the first examination. Although the underground workings of many of the mines 

were examined and the coal from them was sampled, investigations 

of that character were prevented during the latter part of the season 

by a general strike among the miners. AIL the mines were shut 

down, and the fans and often the pumps were stopped, making the 

workings inaccessible.

' Acknowledgments. In the course of this investigation full use has 

been made of the maps and reports concerning the region- that have 

previously been issued by various geological organizations. The 

most complete report on this field was made by the Geological Survey 

of Arkansas, under the direction of Dr. J. C. Brainier, and published 

in 1888.& This report contains a brief summary of the information 

obtained-by the Arkansas Survey, and was published in advance of a 

more complete description of the field. Further information regarding the structure and geology of this part of Arkansas was subsequently published by Winslow.6 Unfortunately, the final report 

of the Arkansas Survey on the coal field has never been published, 

and the manuscripts were not available. A very large and important 

part of the work of the State Survey in this region consisted in the 

preparation of detailed topographic maps on a scale of 1 mile to the 

inch, with contour intervals of 20 feet, but like the final coal report 

these maps were never issued to the public, though the plates were

" Purdue, A. H., Description of the Winslow quadrangle: Geologic Atlas U. S., folio , U. S. Geol. 

Survey, 1907.

fr Winslow, Arthur, Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, vol. 2,1888.

c Winslow, Arthur, The geotectonic and physiographic geology of western Arkansas: Bull. Geol. 

Soc. America, vol. 2, 1891, pp. 275-287, pi. 8.
INTBODU.CTION. 8

partially engraved by the United States .Geological Survey. A small 

edition was printed from the partially engraved plates and used during 

the season of 1906 as a basis for field mapping, and, although often 

inaccurate in topographic detail and generally deficient in culture, 

they are, nevertheless, the most useful maps of this field yet prepared 

and were of great assistance in the geologic work.

The results obtained and the conclusions reached in this paper 

have to a considerable extent been made possible by the careful 

detailed work which has been done by members of the United States 

Geological Survey in areas north and west of that under discussion. 

Acknowledgments for suggestions and information contained in 

published reports and for advice in the conduct of tho field work are 

due to Mr. Joseph A. Taff,°who has for many years been identified 

with the work of the Survey in the adjacent coal fields of Indian 

Territory, and also to Prof. A. H. Purdue, 6 whose detailed and 

accurate geologic map of the Winslow quadrangle includes a portion 

of the northern part of this field.

Since the disorganization of the State Survey developments within 

the coal field have been very extensive. Many new openings on the 

coal have been made and much prospecting by drilling and other 

means has been done to-determine the extent of the coal beds. The 

greater part of the information thus obtained was available and has 

been used in the preparation of this report. In the course of the 

field work many suggestions relative to the work were received from 

coal operators. and prospectors, to whose cooperation much of the 

value of this report is due.

The various companies and individuals to whom the writer is more 

especially indebted for such information and assistance are as follows: 

The Western Coal and Mining Company of St. Louis, Mo., operating 

in the Jenny Lind and Denning districts, supplied the records -of over 

100 drill holes in various parts of the field. The Cherokee Construction Company of Fort Smith, Ark., operating mines near Midland 

and Hartford, a company that has done much intelligent prospecting 

in the western part of the field, permitted the examination of all 

their well records and mine maps. The Central Coal and Coke 

Company, operating at Bonanza and Huntington, who have accumulated much information regarding various parts of the field, supplied 

copies of their more important records. Mr. H. H. Jackman, man-

«Tafl, Joseph A., and Adams, George I., Geology of the eastern-Choctaw coal field: Twenty-first 

Ann. Rept. U. S. Gcol. Survey, pt. 2,1900, pp. 259-311.

Taff, Joseph A., Description of the Coalgate quadrangle: Geologic Atlas U. S.,, folio 74, 1901; also 

Description of the Atoka quadrangle, folio 79, 1902, U. S. Geol. Survey; The Southwestern coal field: 

Twenty-second Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3,1902, pp. 361-413; maps of segregated coal lands in 

Indian Territory; U. S. Department of the Interior Circulars Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6,1904; Description 

of the Tahlequah quadrangle, folio 122, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1905. (Also Sallisaw and Windingstair 

folios, in preparation.)

fc Purdue, A. H., Description of the Winslow quadrangle: Geriogic Atlas U. S., folio , U. S. Geol. 

Survey, 1907.
4 THE ABKANSAS COAL FIELD.

ager of the Spadra Creek Coal Company of Spadra, furnished records 

of a number of characteristic well sections in various parts of the 

field. Mr. Harry Kelly, president of the Mansfield Gas Company of 

Fort Smith, who has supervised the drilling of many deep wells in 

the rocks below the coal measures, kindly permitted an examination 

of the records of 13 typical wells, each over 1,000 feet deep, near 

Mansfield and Fort Smith, and supplied data obtained from many 

years of intelligent study of local geology. Messrs. Martin Rafter, 

State mine inspector, of Coal Hill; Henry Strother, real estate 

agent, of Fort Smith; Fremont Stokes, of Clarksville, and. many 

others contributed material aid in assembling information regarding the facts herewith presented, and mine operators in general 

throughout the field very courteously granted access to mine maps 

and provided every facility possible for the examination of the underground workings.

General conclusions. It will be shown in the following pages that 

the areas known to contain workable coal are more limited than is 

generally supposed, but that several promising districts of considerable extent have not yet been prospected. The complexity of the 

geologic structure along the northern edge of the field is here indicated 

for the first time, and it is believed that considerable unnecessary 

expense in searching for coal in unfavorable localities may be avoided, 

or if such work is undertaken the chances of success or failure may 

be better understood by use of the information here presented.

GEOGRAPHY.

'Position and extent of the coalfield. The coal field herein described 

is situated in the western part of the State of Arkansas, adjoining the 

Indian Territory line, from which it extends eastward for 75 miles. 

Its general geographic position is shown in fig. 1, and its outline and 

extent are shown in fig. 2. It is about 50 miles wide at its western 

end, but the belt containing workable coal contracts sharply 12 

miles from the boundary, beyond which its average width is not 

more than 20 miles. The areas of workable coal are more or less 

irregularly distributed over the district above described and some 

of them are in detached basins not known to be connected with one 

another. This irregularity and subdivision of the field is due in part 

to a complex geologic structure' and in part to the peculiarities and 

local variations in the coal beds themselves, making them unfit for 

mining in some parts of the field, although their presence there is 

well known. The productive areas of the east end of the field are 

north of and those of the west end are south of Arkansas River.

Since nearly all the workable coal beds occur in or above the 

horizon of the Hartshorne coal of Indian Territory, the limits of the 

coal field have been determined by the presence or absence of rocks
GEOGRAPHY.

overlying this horizon. (See fig. 2.) Coal beds that have been 

prospected at only a few localities also occur in some of the lower 

rocks; and their outcrops are found at considerable distances beyond 

the limits of the field as defined above. Most of these are probably 

not of commercial value but some of them may prove valuable 

locally, so that the extent of the coal fields will probably be increased 

by future discoveries.

Maps of the coal field. This region was surveyed and subdivided 

into townships and sections of conventional size more than fifty 

years ago, but the maps made at that time show very few of the

93°

FIG. 1. Map showing geographic position and railroad connection of the Arkansas coal field.

improvements now existing. The section and 'township corners 

established by these surveys were marked by the customary wooden 

posts and witness trees, but the original monuments have long ago 

rotted away or have been replaced by later ones established by 

local surveyors. At many places old fences and roads, placed on 

the lines when they were new, are the only evidences remaining to 

indicate their positions. These surveys were made with the needle 

compass, and the lines thus established often varied several degrees 

from true meridians and parallels. Nearly all the published maps
6 THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

of Arkansas, however, are based on them and are sufficiently accurate 

for ordinary purposes.

The topographers of the United States Geological Survey made a 

reconnaissance of the field in 1888, the result of their work being 

topographic sheets of several thirty-minute quadrangles on a scale of 

one-half inch to the mile. Unfortunately, these maps were deficient 

both in topographic detail and in culture, a most notable defect 

being the omission of township and section lines, which are of the 

utmost economic value in any map to be used by the residents of 

the district. When the Arkansas Geological Survey undertook to 

interpret the geology of the coal field the existing maps were found 

to be inadequate, and they therefore conducted a topographic sur-

\ R.32W. 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 Z3 22 Zl R.ZOW. 19

R.32W. 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 R.20W. 19

FIG. 2. Outline map of Arkansas coal field, showing mining centers, railroads, settlements, etc.

vey in connection with their geologic work, using the base presented 

by the Land Office maps for control. The topography was sketched 

by a number of assistants, who retraced the section lines and determined elevations by aneroid barometers. This work resulted in the 

preparation of a detailed topographic map on a scale of 1 inch to 

the mile, covering the whole of the coal field. Unfortunately, the 

State survey was discontinued before this map was completed and 

and it has never been published, though the engraving of the plates 

by the United States Geological Survey was nearly completed. In 

many respects it is the most complete map of the Arkansas coal field 

that has been prepared, and a small edition was printed and used in 

the field work on which this report is based. The map (PI. VI)
GEOGEAPHY. 7

herewith presented, however, is based on the United States Geological 

Survey sheets of the region with the addition of the township and 

section lines, the topography being omitted in order to insure more 

speedy publication. Although a contour map would be more 

desirable from a scientific point of view, it is thought that the map 

as prepared will be of nearly equal value to those who are interested 

in the development of the field. The geologic structure is complex, 

but the scale, one-half inch to the mile, is sufficiently large to show 

all that is known or can be learned at present, except in some small 

areas where there have been more extensive developments, the details 

of which are presented in various text figures.

Commercial relations. Fort Smith, the center of the coal-mining 

industry, is the principal town in western Arkansas. Its population 

in 1900, as determined by the Twelfth Census, was 11,587; its present 

population is about 20,000. It is approximately 250 miles from 

Kansas City, 350 miles from St. Louis, and 400 miles from the Gulf of 

Mexico, with which it is connected by the lines of the St. Louis and 

San Francisco, the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern, and the 

Kansas City Southern railway systems (see fig. 1, p. 5). Branch 

lines and independent railroads of less importance, which radiate 

from Fort Smith and afford transportation to the various coal-mining 

districts are as follows:

The Little Rock and Fort Smith branch of the Iron Mountain 

Railway extends through the whole length of the field, north of the 

river, with spurs and branch roads to the mines near Denning, Coal 

Hill, Spadra, and Russellville. South of the river the Arkansas 

Central Railroad extends from. Fort Smith to Paris; a branch of the 

Iron Mountain Railway leads to Greenwood, with a spur to the 

mines at Jenny Lind; the Mansfield branch of the St. Louis and San 

Francisco system affords transportation to the mines at Bonanza, 

Hackett, Montreal, and Huntington and connects with the Choctaw 

(Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific) line from Memphis; the Midland 

Valley Railroad follows the outcrop of the coal from Hackett east 

to Greenwood and thence south past Montreal and Midland to Hartford, affording transportation to a large number of small mines; 

and the extreme southern part of the field is reached by the Waldron 

branch of the Kansas City Southern Railway.

With the development of the mining industry new railroads have 

been projected, and during the last season surveys were in progress 

for a line connecting Fort Smith with the undeveloped district near 

Prairie View, 10 miles east of Paris, in Logan County. A railroad is 

also in course of construction from Dardanelle southward across a district that lies outside of the coal field as at present recognized but 

contains prospects of coal, some of which will probably be developed 

into mines.
8 THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

The coal field is well supplied with, wagon roads, very few of which 

are in good condition in either winter or summer, though in many 

places, where they are located along the .outcrops of ridge-making 

sandstones, the road bed is firm but rough. Nearly all the roads 

for a few miles out of Fort Smith are macadamized and dressed with 

crushed chert from the northern part of the State. They are in good 

good condition the year round and effectually demonstrate the practicability and value of such improvements. The cost of such roads 

is so great, however, that it will doubtless be many years before they 

are extended over the whole of this field.

Towns and villages. Outside of Fort Smith the important towns 

are the county seats and the villages around the mines. The county 

seats are supported mainly by agricultural trade and most of them 

present a thrifty and attractive appearance. , They are: Van Buren, 

Oawford County, population 2,573; Greenwood, Sebastian County, 

population 491; Ozark, Franklin County, population 848; Paris, 

Logan County, population 836; Clarksville, Johnson County, population, 1,086; Russellville, Pope County, population 1,832; and 

Dardanelle, Yell County, population 1,602."

The more important coal-mining towns are Bonanza, population 

906; Jenny Lind, population 425; Huntington, population 1,298; 

Hartford, population 460; Coal Hill, population 1,341; Denning, 

population 700; and Spadra, population 260.

Drainage. The coal field is drained by Arkansas River and its 

tributaries. Arkansas River is the main waterway and extends through 

the whole length of the field. It rises in the Rocky Mountains about 

400 miles northwest of this region and joins the Mississippi at the 

eastern boundary of the State, where it carries a large volume of water. 

Before the building of railroads it was the principal method of transportation in this part of the State, but it is very little used at present, 

no steamers having been seen on the river during the last field season. 

It flows over a wide bed filled with many sandbars and was probably 

never navigable during extremely low stages. The river bed is 

generally from 50 to 100 feet below the general lowland level of the 

region. Its banks are bordered by flood plains, at some places several 

miles wide, that are overflowed every few years, back of which there 

is in many localities a low escarpment rising to the general lowland 

plain.

Most of the tributaries of the Arkansas that enter the main stream 

from the south rise within the coal-bearing district and are always 

heavily charged with very fine sediment. Poteau River, one of the 

largest of these, is the source of water supply for Fort Smith, and 

although the water is said to be wholesome it is never clear. This

a The population stated is that given by the Twelfth Census. Since 1900 the population of many of 

these towns has increased rapidly and that of some of them has probably more than doubled.
GEOGEAPHY. 9

river rises south of Poteau Mountain but within a short distance 

crosses the State line into Indian Territory, in which the major part 

of its course is located. It again reaches the State line near its 

mouth, which is in Arkansas. The other notable streams south of 

the river are Vache Grasse, Sixmile, Hurricane, and Shoal creeks, 

all of which are sluggish and muddy, like Poteau River.

Nearly all the streams that enter Arkansas River from the north 

rise within the Boston Mountain area and are clear except at times of 

freshet. They carry larger volumes of water than the streams entering the river from the south. The more important northern tributaries of the Arkansas within the coal district are Lee Creek, Frog 

Bayou, Mulberry River, Horsehead, Spadra, and Piney creeks, and 

Illinois Bayou. None of these tributaries, except possibly a part of 

Poteau River, can be regarded as navigable.

Topographic provinces. In this region three topographic provinces, 

the Boston Mountains, the Arkansas Valley, and the Ouachita Mountains, extending from Arkansas westward into Indian Territory, are 

recognized by geologists.

The Boston Mountains, which comprise the southern part of the 

Ozark Mountain region, consist of broad, flat-topped hills forming a 

dissected plateau whose highest point is about 2,000 feet above the 

sea.a In this region the strata are approximately horizontal; the 

flat-topped hills are capped by beds of hard sandstone, and the valleys, which are regarded as of comparatively recent origin, are deep 

and narrow. The southern edge of this mountain district in Arkansas 

is marked in many places by rather abrupt escarpments that rise 

from the lowlands of the valley to the lower plateau levels.

The Arkansas Valley province, comprising a belt about 50 miles 

wide, in which the coal fields are situated, lies south of the Boston 

Mountains, and is characterized by elevations averaging not more 

than 500 feet above the sea. Its more definite features are a baselevel plain comprising a network of broad alluvial valleys surmounted by many ridges and flat-topped hills, most of whose summits blend in an even sky line about 650 to 700 feet above the sea. 

Where the strata are moderately inclined the topography is marked 

by many long, persistent, even-topped ridges, whose summits are 

from 50 to 100 feet above the base-level plain. A few of the hills 

take the form of low, broad domes mantled with hard sandstone, and 

at some places where the rocks are nearly horizontal there are buttes 

whose summits reach from 1,000 to 3,000 feet above tide, and from 

400 to 2,000 feet above the general lowland. Notable among elevations of this character are Sugarloaf and Poteau mountains, near the 

western end of the coal field, and Magazine, Short, and Nebo mounoPurdue, A. H., Physiography of the Boston Mountains, Arkansas: Jour. Geol., vol. 9, 1901, pp. 

694-701. Hershey, O. H., Peneplain of the Ozark highland: Am. Geologist, vol. 27,1901, pp. 25-41.

10616 Bull. 326 07 2
10 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

tains, near its eastern end. Magazine Mountain, with an elevation of 

3,000 feet, is the highest eminence in Arkansas. Potato Hill, a coneshaped butte of this type,'is shown in PL II, A. All of these features 

are direct resultants of the erosion of diverse bed-rock structures, the 

long, narrow ridges indicating moderately inclined rocks, while the 

buttes (PI. II, A} indicate horizontal rocks in synclinal basins, and 

the domes are short anticlines. As a general rule the ridges are more 

pronounced in the southern part of the field, while the topography of 

the northern part partakes more of the nature of that found in the 

Boston Mountains.

The Ouachita Mountain province, which lies south of Arkansas 

Valley, is characterized by many sharp, ridges, produced by the 

erosion of steeply dipping beds striking approximately east and west. a 

These ridges rise to a nearly uniform height, suggesting an old baselevel erosion plain which has been so unequally elevated that while it 

is over 2,000 feet above the sea at the Arkansas-Indian Territory 

boundary it declines to only about 500 feet at its eastern end near 

Hot Springs.6 From this description it will be seen that Arkansas 

Valley, in which these coal fields lie, is situated between two mountain masses of very distinct types, and that its topography is to a 

considerable extent intermediate in character between the two.

GENERAL GEOLOGY.

STRATIGRAPHY. 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND CORRELATION.

The Arkansas field comprises the eastern end of a large area of 

coal land which has its greatest extent in Indian Territory. The 

stratigraphic relations of the rocks of that part of the field which 

lies in Indian Territory have already been studied in detail and 

mapped by geologists of the Survey. 0 A part of the northern edge 

of the coal field in Arkansas has also been mapped, and the results 

of investigations made there have been submitted for publication.^ 

The formations comprising the stratigraphic column in Arkansas are 

directly comparable to those of Indian Territory, and there is also a 

marked similarity in the general type of geologic structure in the 

two districts. The various rock formations as defined and named

aGriswold, L. S., Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Arkansas for 1890, vol. 3,1892, pp. 195-202.

b Ashley, G. H., Geology of the Paleozoic area of Arkansas south of the novaculite region: Proc. 

Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 36, 1897, pp. 217-318.

cTaff, Joseph A., and Adams, George I., Geology of the eastern Choctaw coal field: Twenty-first 

Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, pp. 259-311.

Tafl, Joseph A., Coalgate folio (No. 74), 1901, and Atoka folio (No. 79), 1902, U. S. Geol. Survey; The 

Southwestern coal field, Twenty-second Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3,1902, pp. 361-413; Maps of 

segregated coal lands in Indian Territory, U. S. Department of the Interior Circulars Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 

and 6, 1904; Tahlequah folio (No. 122), U. S. Geol. Survey, 1905. (Also Sallisawand Windingstair folios, 

in preparation.)

d Purdue, A. H., Winslow folio (No. ), U. S. Geol. Survey, 1907.
STRATIGRAPHY. 11

in Indian Territory will therefore be described as they occur in 

Arkansas.

All the rocks herein described belong to the middle Carboniferous 

or Pennsylvanian series. They present a-rather monotonous sequence 

of sandstones and shales with little contrast between individual beds. 

Except for the coal beds themselves there are no members that can 

be identified with certainty by lithologic characters. Limestone 

beds, which are intersp'ersed through the series in other fields and aid 

the geologist by serving as horizon markers, are here almost totally 

wanting. Moreover, there is much local variation in the character 

of the rocks, and especially in the sandstone lenses, and correlations 

from one part of the field to another that are based on lithologic 

similarity alone are of little value.

In the region north of the coal field, near Fayetteville, lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) shales, sandstones, and limestones are

exposed, and farther south these are overlapped by about 1,500 feet 

of shales and sandstones called the Winslow formation. The Winslow, extends to the edge of the coal field, and the upper bed of this 

formation, as described by Purdue, apparently forms the base of the 

coal-bearing rocks of Arkansas. In Indian Territory the basal bed 

of the coal-bearing strata is a thick, often massive, sandstone, named 

for the town of Hartshorne. This sandstone overlies several thousand feet of shale, with only occasional sandstone beds interspersed, 

which has been called the Atoka shale in the southern part of the 

coal field, but occupies a position equivalent to that of the Winslow 

formation in. the northern part. It is therefore evident that the 

Pennsylvanian rocks below the coal-bearing beds rapidly increase' in 

thickness toward the south.

The coal-bearing rocks in Indian Territory comprise several thousand feet of sandstone and shale, which has been divided as follows:

Coal-bearing rocks in Indian Territory.

Feet. 

Boggy shale....... v ..............:.....'.................................. 2, 000

Savanna sandstone......................................................... 1, 000

McAlester shale.. .....................................^ ................... 2, 000

Hartshorne sandstone. ....................................................... 200

The Hartshorne sandstone, at the base of the series, is a thin but 

very persistent formation, which has been traced for 150 miles across 

the southern edge of the Indian Territory field, but has not heretofore been identified at its northern edge. The McAlester shale, 

which overlies the Hartshorne sandstone, contains the Hartshorne 

and McAlester coals. A group of- massive sandstones and interbedded shales, including the Witteville coal bed, make up the Savanna 

formation, which is overlain by the Boggy shale, also including one 

or two coal beds.
12 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

The coal-bearing rocks of Arkansas were separated by the Geological Survey of Arkansas into three divisions, as follows : a

Coal-bearing rocks in Arkansas, according to the Geological Survey of Arkansas.

. Feet.

Western and upper division, including Huntington and other coal beds.. 3, 000± 

Intermediate barren division, a succession of shale and sandstone beds which,

though variable in magnitude, have an aggregate thickness not less than. 500 , 

Eastern and lower division, including the coal beds in Coal Hill, Spadra, 

Ouita, and Shinn basins................................................ 250±

These divisions were not clearly defined, and the rocks below the 

coal-bearing formations were not discussed. The correlation of these 

groups into which the coal measures of Arkansas and Indian Territory 

have been subdivided by various surveys is set forth in the following 

table:

Stratigraphic relations in the Arkansas-Indian Territory coal field as exhibited in 

reports already published and in the present report.

Arkansas Survey preliminary report.

Upper or western coalbearing division, 3,000 

feet.

Intermediate barren di- 

 vision, 500± feet.

Lower or eastern coalbearing division, 250+ 

feet.

Indian Territory-southwestern Arkansas 

coal fields, J. A. Taff.b

Boggy shale, 3,000 feet.

Savanna sandstone, 

1,200-1,500 feet.

McAlester shale, 2,000- 

2,500 feet.

Hartshorne sandstone, 

100-200 feet

Atoka shale, 2,000-7,000 

feet.

Winslow folio, U. S. 

Geol. Survey, A. H. 

Purdue.

Winslow formation, 

1,500 feet.

Lower Carboniferous or 

Mississippian rocks.

Arkansas coal field 

Collier and others 

(this report).

Savanna formation.

Paris shale, 700 feet.

Fort Smith formation, 

400 feet.

Spadra shale,350-500 feet.

Hartshorne sandstone, 

100-300 feet.

Atoka formation, 1,500- 

5,000 feet.

In the course of the present investigation the formations mapped 

in the Indian Territory coal field were traced from the ArkansasIndian Territory boundary eastward into Arkansas with a considerable 

degree of success. The Hartshorne sandstone had already been 

located on the boundary line at three localities, Bonanza, Hackett, 

and the south slope of Poteau Mountain,0 from which points its outcrop was traced without a single break in continuity eastward along 

the southern margin for 75 miles to the eastern end of the field. Its

o Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol. 3, pp. 10-11.

6 Twenty-first Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, pp. 257-329.

cTaff, J. A., op. cit., PI. XXXVII.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 326 PL.

Names of coal beds.

Formation and 

thickness in 

feet. .

General character of formations.

Paris.

Charleston ,

Upper Hartshorne . 

Hartshorne. ........

Savanna. 

100-1,000.

In Indian Territory this formation comprises three 

sandstone members with interbedded shales; only the 

lower part is present in Arkansas.

Paris. 

GOO-700.

Sandy shale with thin beds of shaly sandstone. Paris 

coal bed about 400 feet from top. °

Fort Smith. 

375-420.

Sandstone interbedded with shale. Formation yields 

building stones, flagstones, and brick shale. Coal beds 

are usually too thin for mining.

Spadra.

400-500.

Shale with lenses of sandstone. Hartshorne coal at base 

is most important bed in Arkansas.

Hartshorne. Typically massive sandstone, but varying to sandy shale 

in some places.

Atoka. 

1,500-5,000+.

Mainly shale, but sandstone lenses comprise from onetenth to one-third of the section. Coal beds in the 

eastern part of the field may bo thick enough in some 

places for mining.

GENERALIZED COLUMNAR SECTION OF THE COAL-BEARING ROCKS OF ARKANSAS.
STRATIGRAPHY. 13

continuity along the north side of the field is broken at a number of 

places and its recognition here depended on stratigraphic evidences 

other than continuous exposures. Nevertheless, the formation has 

been identified with a considerable degree of certainty in several 

disconnected areas within the field, along its northern border, and its 

character over the whole field is fairly'well known.

The McAlester shale formation extends from Indian Territory 

into Arkansas, where it comprises the whole of- the coal-bearing 

series. Some of the lower beds of the Savanna formation are probably also present in Arkansas, though it has not been possible to 

identify them with certainty at any point.

The McAlester formation as represented in Arkansas contains a 

group of sandstone beds near its middle portion. ' These were traced 

over a large part of the field and their stratigraphic position determined. On the geologic map herewith presented this group of sandstones is differentiated from the more shaly parts of the McAlester 

formation, subdividing it into three members called Spadra shale, 

Fort Smith formation, and Paris shale, which can be recognized 

throughout the field. The economic value of such a subdivision will 

not fail to be appreciated, since the boundaries of the formations 

mapped will serve as contour lines indicating approximately the 

depth of the Hartshorne coal horizon.

The rocks that underlie the Hartshorne formation in Arkansas have 

received little attention. They comprise a succession of shale and sandstone known to exceed 5,000 feet in thickness near the southern edge, 

but they are probably not more than 2,000 feet thick near the northern boundary of the field. In the southern part this group consists 

mainly of shale, but along the northern boundary the sandstone beds 

are much more important, making up possibly.one-third of the section.

The subdivisions of the coal-bearing rocks of Arkansas, as differentiated and described in this report, are briefly tabulated as follows:

Coal-beariny rocks of Arkansas.

Feet.

Savanna formation............................:................... 200+

McAlester group:

Paris shale..................................................... 600

Fort Smith formation.......................................... 400-500

Spadra shale................................................... 400-500

Hartshorne sandstone. ............................................. 50-400

Atoka formation................................................... ]., 500-5.000

The general relations and lithologic features of these subdivisions 

are set forth in PI. I.

ATOKA FORMATION.

The rocks belonging to this formation outcrop in the surrounding 

regions both north and south of the coal field and also occur in a 

number of limited areas included in it, the best known of which is
14 THE ABKANSAS COAL FIELD.

that in the Backbone Ridge between Hackett and Bonanza. They 

have also been penetrated at a number of places by deep drill holes 

through the overlying rocks. South of the coal field the rocks of the 

Atoka formation are tilted at high angles, and extensive sections 

of them can be measured, but on the north their attitude is more 

commonly horizontal and only the upper members are exposed. In 

the latter region these rocks correspond in stratigraphic position 

with the Winslow formation as mapped by Purdue in the Winslow 

quadrangle.

In general the Atoka formation consists of shales with occasional 

sandstone beds, which in the northern part make up possibly as 

much as one-third of the section, while farther south the proportion 

of sandstone is very much less. The thickness of these rocks north

Scale 

1000

FIG. 3. Graphic sections of the upper part of the Atoka formation. A, north of Van Buren; B, Massard Prairie; C, Jenny Lind; D, south of Huntington; E, Denniiig; F, Dardanelle.

of the coal field has been estimated to be approximately 1,500 feet, 

but near Mansfield, in the southern part, over 3,000 feet are exposed 

and 2,000 more have been pierced by deep drilling. The shales vary 

from fine-grained, black or blue clay stones to gray argillaceous sandstories. Generally the more sandy beds are harder, and where they 

outcrop form ridges and other prominent topographic features. 

Although the rocks of this formation have not been investigated in 

close detail, the observations made and the records of deep wells 

drilled through them show that the sandstone members are lenticular 

bodies, having no general distribution over the field. In many 

places where they have been examined the sandstones are very 

irregularly bedded, and in some places finger out into shale beds. A 

characteristic exposure of one of these beds is shown in PI. IV, A.
STEATIGEAPHY. 15

The variation in the succession of sandstones and shales making 

up the Atoka formation is graphically shown in the sections presented 

in fig. 3. Lentils of coal, most of which are too thin to be of value, 

occur at rather infrequent intervals. Such coals seem to be more 

common in the eastern part of the field than in the western, a condition which may be partly due to the better exposures in the eastern 

portion. Some of these beds have been mined locally, and attempts 

to exploit them at various places are still in progress, though nearly 

all the old openings are deserted.

Though fossil plants have been found associated with the coal beds 

at several points, no satisfactory collections of them have been made. 

Several collections of marine invertebrates, which are described under 

the heading "Paleontology" (pp. 31-35), were obtained from some of 

the upper beds near Van Buren.

These rocks have been prospected successfully at a number of 

places in the search for oil and gas. The natural gas used at Fort 

Smith is obtained from sandstone lenses 1,000 to 2,000 feet below the 

top of the formation, while that at Mansfield and Huntington comes 

from sands 4,000 feet stratigraphically below the top of the formation.

HARTSHORNE SANDSTONE.

The Hartshorne sandstone is economically the most important 

formation, outside of the coal beds themselves, to be described in 

the district, since its outcrop indicates the position of the most 

important coal horizon. It had been identified at Bonanza and 

Hackett, on the Arkansas-Indian Territory boundary, previous to 

the beginning of this investigation. From these points its outcrop 

has been traced eastward around'the end of the Backbone Ridge 

anticline, and its identity with the sandstone of Devils Backbone 

Ridge, which underlies the coal bed at Montreal and Burma, is established by drill holes at short intervals across the Greenwood syncline. 

From the latter localities it has been traced by continuous exposure 

eastward through the whole length of. the coal field. The outcrop of 

this sandstone marks the northern boundary of the coal field through 

most of its length, and the xock also occurs in a number of isolated 

areas within the coal district, as is shown on the "accompanyinggeologic map.

This formation is essentially sandstone, but does not differ materially from many of the heavier sandstone beds contained in the underlying rocks, except for its.more general distribution over the field. 

Usually it can be identified by the presence of one or more'coal beds 

in the rocks immediately above it. In its typical exposures it consists of massive, irregularly bedded rock, at most places more than 

100 feet thick, and where the dips are moderately high it almost
16 THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

invariably makes a prominent ridge. Locally, however, the sandstone becomes shaly and in places it may consist of two comparatively thin sandstone members with sandy shale between, or it may 

thin out to a single sandstone less than 20 feet thick. For example, 

at Burma the Hartshorne is a heavy sandstone over 50 feet thick, 

above which there is a coal bed overlain by another sandstone of 

nearly equal thickness, the two beds together forming the Devils 

Backbone Ridge. On the north side of the Huntington basin, a few 

miles east of Burma, the Hartshorne formation contains only 15 feet 

of hard rock, and the sandstone which overlies it at Burma is absent. 

Though the rocks stand at a comparatively high angle, the northern 

rim of the basin is not marked by any noticeable ridge. A similar 

variation in the Hartshorne sandstone occurs near Russellville, on 

the north side of Shinn basin, where it consists only of sandy shales, 

which do not appear in the topography, although they dip at a rather 

high angle. South of Shinn basin, only half a mile away, the Hartshorne formation is represented by a 75-foot bed of hard sandstone,

A B

E__ .COAL ._ __j COAL COAL 

COAL

3PO feet

FIG. 4. Graphic sections of the Hartshorne formation. A, Jenny Land; B, Hackett; C, Chismville; 

D, Denning; E, Shinn basin; F, Ouita basin.

which makes a prominent ridge. Where exposed on Massard Prairie, 

near Fort Smith, the Hartshorne sandstone is only 10 to 12 feet 

thick, while farther northeast it is still thinner, and near Arkansas 

River it consists only of disconnected lenses of hard sandstone in a 

black shale. These variations in the sandstone and some detail as to 

its composition are shown in fig. 4. The peculiarities of bedding are 

illustrated in PL II, B, and PL III, A and B.

The coal bed which occurs in the rocks immediately above the 

sandstone and is called the Hartshorne coal has been traced westward 

into Indian Territory for 150 miles and to the eastern limits of the 

field in Arkansas. It is not probable that any one coal bed is continuous through" this whole distance, but that there are several beds 

within a few feet of one another vertically, s'ome one of which is nearly 

always present. In a large part of the Indian Territory field there 

are two coal beds, called the lower and upper Hartshorne coals, with 

an interval of 50 to 100 feet between them. The same two coal beds
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 326 PL.

,4. VIEW OF POTATO HILL. 

A cone-shaped butte formed by the erosion of horizontally bedded shales in a synclinal basin.

EXPOSURE OF HARTSHORNE SANDSTONE SOUTH OF SHINN BASIN. 

Showing one of many phases of the Hartshorns sandstone.
STRATIGRAPHY. 17

are present in the southwestern part of the Arkansas field, near 

Montreal and Burma, but in other parts of the field only one of them, 

probably the lower, has been found.

This formation is barren of fossil remains, neither plants nor invertebrates having been found in it, with the exception, possibly, of a few 

fragments of Stigmaria. At many places, however, lumps of mud 

are included in the sand, which on weathering out leave cavities 

resembling those left by fossil invertebrates. This sandstone is not 

known to have yielded natural gas or oil, though it has yielded good 

flows of artesian water at several places, where drill holes have penetrated it.

SPADRAa SHALE.

The Spadra shale, named from the town of Spadra, in Johnson 

County, stands next in economic importance to the Hartshorne 

sandstone, which it overlies, since at its base it contains the most 

important coal beds. It is well known to coal operators and miners 

in Arkansas, being represented at nearly all of the mining towns.. 

This formation is distributed over the whole of the workable coal 

field and its outcrop is eroded in many places to form broad valleys, 

many of which were indicated on the older maps of the region, where 

they are described as prairies. The residual soil it produces seems to 

be comparatively poor and the vegetation on it is relatively scant. In 

general this formation consists of fine-grained blue, black, or gray 

clay shales, but locally it contains sandy beds and in some places thin 

sandstone lenses, none of which extend for very great distances. The 

most prominent sandstone lens observed is one near Burma, in 

Sebastian County, which forms the parting between the upper and 

lower Hartshorne coals. This sandstone which has a maximum thickness, of 60 feet, is irregularly cross-bedded, contains mud lumps, and 

resembles the Hartshorne sandstone in hardness, but it thins out and 

disappears within a few miles in each direction from its thickest part. 

At many other places sandstones having a thickness as great as 20 feet 

occur, but these are of irregular distribution and of no great extent. 

The thickness of the formation, which is well known not only from 

surface observations but from many drill holes that have penetrated 

it, varies from 350 to 500 feet. These differences may be due to 

either one of two causes either the shale beds themselves vary in 

thickness in different parts of the field, or, as seems more likely, 

some of the sandy members at the base of the overlying formation 

thin out locally and disappear. The formation appears to be abnormally thin where it outcrops along the southern edge of the central 

part of the field, in some sections not exceeding 200 fegt in thickness.

a The name Spadra stage, applied to the time this formation was deposited, was published by John 

J. Stevenson in 1895. Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 15,189C, p. 51.
18 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

This condition is attributed tentatively to the rather intense local 

folding of the beds, it being inferred that the softer shale has been either 

squeezed or sheared. A number of characteristic sections of the 

Spadra shale taken from various parts of the field are shown in fig. 5. 

Fossil plants and occasionally invertebrate animal remains occur 

in the shale overlying the Hartshorne coal bed and representative 

collections were made from it at several localities. These collections 

have been examined by David White and G. H. Girty, whose reports 

on them are given in full on pages 24-35 of this paper. Although 

the Spadra shale has a flora that is to a certain extent characteristic of it, many of the species represented have also been collected 

from beds much higher in the stratigraphic column and therefore

Feeif 

500 -

300-

100-

=

t^±Mi

H

====

mm

|B

=^=

|

^58V:

COAL

 . . : m

iH

ppi

i==

=^=

|H

m

=!=

lH

 

COA?

B D E F G

FIG. 5. Graphic sections of Spadra shale. A, north of Jenny Lind; B, north west of Midland; C, southwest of Hartford; D, east of Greenwood; E, north of Prairie View; F, east of Spadra; G, Shinn 

basin.

such collections of fossils are of little value in correlating formations 

in different parts of the field. The various fossils collected from 

these coal measures indicate that they were deposited very rapidly 

as compared with those of eastern coal fields.

These shales have been used to a limited extent near Fort Smith 

for brickmaking, but otherwise they have no economic value except 

for the coal beds.

< FORT SMITH FORMATION.

The outcrops of the Fort Smith formation are more widely distributed than those of any other formation within the coal field, as
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 326 PL. I

A. EXPOSURE OF THE HARTSHORNE SANDSTONE NEAR PINEY CREEK EAST OF KNOXVILLE.

Showingthe false bedding characteristic of this formation in some places, i - <.

-<

!-.'»

... , ";'' Vv'41^.* 

"«^fe. '- -i-*^ . i'V'Si A W

APPARENT UNCONFORMITY IN HARTSHORNE SANDSTONE, DUE TO FALSE BEDDING. 

Illustrating another phase of irregularity in the bedding.
STBATIGKAPHY. 19

is shown by the geologic map. The formation consists of a group of 

thin and to some extent variable sandstone beds, with interbedded 

shale members, and is named from the city of Fort Smith, in Sebastian 

County. In general the sandstones are ripple-marked, the markings 

presenting considerable variety in both size and form, and many of 

the individual beds are characterized by a wavy cleavage approximately parallel to the minor undulations. of the bedding planes. 

False bedding or cross-bedding, which is a common feature of the 

Hartshorne sandstone, is unusual in the Fort Smith formation, though 

it is not entirely absent. The shales are nearly everywhere more or less 

arenaceous and the resulting soils are reddish or yellowish and sandy. 

At Fort Smith the lower sandstone member is extensively quarried and 

has yielded most of the flagstones with which the city is paved. The 

formation here consists of a lower member, 20 to 50 feet thick, of 

hard, flaggy, ripple-marked sandstone, above which there are 40 to 

60 feet of shale overlain by hard sandstone and shaly sandstone 

nearly 100 feet thick. Near the upper part of the formation there is 

a coal bed which was formerly mined and which appears on the map 

prepared by the Geological Survey of Arkansas as the Hermann and 

Wilson pits.

One of the best exposures of the formation is found in the region 

east of Greenwood. Here the lower sandstone member, which is 

probably identical with that at Fort Smith, forms a prominent ridge 

constituting the rim of a synclinal basin in which the town of Bloomer 

is situated. Above this sandstone is nearly 200 feet of shale, which 

is overlain by a series of hard, shaly sandstones forming Grand and 

Coal ridges, aggregating-about 200 feet in thickness. There are two 

coal beds in the upper part of the formation here, the lower one of 

which has been opened in a number of pits and varies in thickness 

from 18 inches to 3 feet. The lower sandstone member of the formation is also typically exposed in Tennessee Ridge, which forms the 

northern wall of Long Prairie at Jenny Lind, and from this occurrence 

it has been locally called the "Tennessee sandstone."

The individual beds comprising this formation in the eastern end of 

the field have not been definitely correlated with those in the western 

part. In the vicinity of Spadra it is probable that the lower sandstone member corresponding to the sandstone of Tennessee Ridge is 

either absent or so shaly that it can not be identified, while a bed a 

little higher stratigraphically has taken its place as the first distinct 

sandstone above the Spadra shale. This sandstone forms the escarpment at the front of Big Danger Hill south of Clarksville and is 

about 60 feet thick.

. The upper part of the Fort Smith formation is probably not represented in this part of the field. In general the formation here is much 

more sandy than the Spadra shale. It contains several small, unim-
THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

portant coal beds, which have not been examined in detail nor correlated with those in the western part of the field.

The average thickness of the Fort Smith formation is estimated at 

400 feet. Detailed sections exposed at various localities are shown 

in fig. 6.

Fossil plants occur in association with some of the coal beds, and 

several collections made, from them have been examined by David 

White, who refers to them as the Coal Ridge flora. This flora seems 

to differ only slightly from that of the Hartshorne horizon, though it 

can be distinguished.

The sandstones of this formation have been quarried for paving 

and building stones at several places. At Fort Smith the lower sandstone member has been extensively worked, yielding flagstones from which most of the 

city's sidewalks are made. 

These flags are from 3 to 6 

inches thick and, though hard 

and durable, their surfaces are 

invariably ripple-marked and 

rough.

At Cabin Creek station 

(Lamar post-office), in the 

eastern part of the field, a 

more massive bed, somewhat 

higher in the formation, is 

quarried, yielding a good stone, 

^ ,.. . * ^ T, . n -^ c which is shipped to more dis- FIG. G. Graphic sections of the Fort Smith forma- i < 

tion. A, section at Fort Smith; B, section north tant markets, SOHie of it gOing

of Auburn; C, section north of Prairie View; D, ^ far &s New Orleans. A 

section northeast or Lamar. * .

view of this quarry showing

the characteristic bedding and joint planes of the rock is shown in 

PL IV, A.

The rock quarried at.Spielerville and used in the construction of the 

Subiaco College buildings is probably taken from a sandstone bed in 

this formation, and most of the brick factories near Fort Smith 

have obtained their material from shale beds that are included in it.

PAEIS SHALE.

The Paris shale, which takes'its name from the town of Paris in 

Logan County, covers two large areas, essentially broad synclinal 

basins, in the central part of the field. One syncline near Paris is 

surmounted by Short and Little Short mountains. The other, south 

of Charleston, surrounds the base of Potato Hill. It also occurs in 

smaller areas in Sugarloaf, Poteau, and Magazine mountains. The 

base of the formation is believed to be nowhere less than 800 feet 

above the horizon of the Hartshorne coal. This formation resembles

OAL

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COAL 18"

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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 326 PL. IV

A. QUARRY AT CABIN CREEK, 

llustrating the system of jointing which prevails over the Arkansas coal field.

B. SANDSTONE OF ATOKA OR WINSLOW FORMATION, ONE-HALF MILE WEST OF OZARK, 

Illustrating a type of irregular bedding characteristic of certain sandstones below the coal-bearing rocks.
STRATIGRAPHY. 21

300 -

200-

SAVANNA FORMATION.

the Spadra shale, but is. almost invariably more sandy and contains a 

greater number of sandstone lenses, whose distribution has not been 

determined in close detail. The sandstone lenses, however, are generally softer than those included in the Spadra formation and do not contrast so strongly in topographic expression with the including shales.

The total thickness is estimated from the dips of the outcrops to 

be between 600 and 700 feet. Its upper limit is marked in the Paris 

basin by the base of the heavy sandstone which caps Short and Little 

Short mountains. Detailed sections of the formation as exposed at 

Short Mountain and Potato Hill are given in fig. 7.

The Paris coal bed occurs from 200 to 

300 feet above the base of the Paris formation and about 400 feet below its upper 

limit. A large collection of fossil plants 

and invertebrate animal remains from the

sandy shale in the roof of this bed was 

submitted to David White and G. H. Girty, 

whose reports are given on pages 24-35.

The flora resembles that from the Coal 

Ridge horizon but is provisionally correlated with that from above the McAlester 

coal bed of Indian Territory, which occupies a similar relation to the Hartshorne 

coal horizon. Except' for its coal this 

formation yields no minerals of economic 

value. Its sandstones are usually too 

soft for building purposes and its shales 

have not been utilized in brick-making.

A B

!FiG. 7. Graphic suctions of Paris 

shale. A, Potato Hill; B, Short 

Mountain.

The Savanna sandstone occurs in only 

a few small areas in Arkansas, where it 

caps several isolated mountains and buttes. 

This formation as represented in Indian 

Territory is described as a group of three more or less massive and 

thick sandstone beds with intervening shaly members, the total 

thickness being approximately 1,000 feet. In Arkansas only the 

lower part of this formation is present. Short and Little Short 

mountains near Paris are regarded as type localities. At Short 

Mountain the Savanna is represented by a massive sandstone 

nearly 100 feet thick, which lies as a flat cap forming a mesa on the 

summit. The conditions are similar at Little Short Mountain, which 

is capped by the same bed. The sandstone beds at the top of Magazine Mountain, which are provisionally correlated with the Savanna, 

have a total thickness of several hundred feet and contain some conglomeratic beds with quartz and chert pebbles as large as one-eighth
22 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

of an inch in diameter. This formation is also represented in Sugarloaf and Poteau mountains, where the detail of its beds is so obscured 

by talus that it has not been mapped closely.

In general the Savanna formation has little economic value in 

Arkansas. No coal beds have yet been discovered in it, though such 

beds may be present in Poteau and Sugarloaf mountains. The sandstone beds in Short Mountain are massive and could probably be used 

for bujlding stones where large blocks are required.

SURFICIAL DEPOSITS.

Many of the lowland areas within the coal field are mantled over 

with deposits of silt, sand, or gravel that were laid down on surfaces 

formed by the erosion of the coal-bearing rocks. As noted above, 

there are remnants of several old plain surfaces representing different 

stages of erosional development in Arkansas Valley. The most recent 

stage is represented, by the flood plains of Arkansas River and its 

tributary streams. IA somewhat earlier stage is indicated by the 

general lowland area above the flood-plain level, while a much earlier 

stage is represented by .the level-topped ridges and hills surmounting 

this lowland. The difference.in elevation between the highest and 

lowest plain is about 400 feet. Deposits of gravel and sand are of 

wide distribution on the surfaces representing the two later-stages, 

where they have received casual attention. These deposits are evidently distinct in age, though it is often hard to differentiate them in 

the field. On the accompanying geologic map, PI. VI, they are indicated only in those areas where they are so thick as to conceal effectually the underlying strata and render it impossible to discover the 

geologic relations of the coal-bearing rocks. The recent deposits are 

not differentiated from the earlier ones.

The recent deposits, which are most extensively represented in the

flood plains of Arkansas River, are composed generally of rather fine 

silt and sand, gravels and coarse pebbles being of rare occurrence. 

Their surfaces are marked by oxbow lakes and other ordinary floodplain features. They comprise much of the richest agricultural land 

in this district, though they are subject to overflow at long intervals.

The earlier of these deposits, where identified, usually consist of 

sand and moderately fine gravel containing many pebbles of chert. 

Generally they are indicated by waterworn pebbles strewn over the 

surface, but in good exposures, such as banks of streams and road cuts, 

they are stratified and are often 20 feet or more in thickness. Such 

deposits are invariably more or less eroded and show none of the 

original surface features of flood-plain deposits.

Flat surf aces _of this lowland plain of the earlier period are in many 

places marked by scattered low mounds 0 averaging 2£ feet in height

a Campbell, M. R., Natural mounds: Jour. Geol., vol. 14, No. 8, November-December, 1906. This paper 

is one of the latest and most comprehensive discussions of this subject and contains a. bibliography of 

the literature relating to it.
PALEONTOLOGY. « 23

by 50 feet in diameter, whose origin has been the subject of much 

speculation.

The mounds generally occur in localities of poor drainage, and in 

Arkansas are especially common over clay soils formed by the disintegration of the shale beds, though not confined to them exclusively. 

The general distribution of the mounds, not only here but in other 

States, disproves the theory very common in Arkansas that they are 

formed by escaping gases and are therefore good indications of gas, 

oil, or coal. Of the other hypotheses regarding tliem the one that they 

were built by burrowing animals of some kind now extinct seems to 

the writer most probable. At any rate they were produced under 

conditions not now existing in Arkansas Valley, and they can safely 

be taken as an infallible diagnostic feature of the older erosion levels 

and surficial deposits.

PALEONTOLOGY.

CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FEOM STUDIES OF THE FOSSILS.

Fossils representing the plant and animal life of the coal period are 

not generally distributed through the Arkansas coal measures, though 

they are abundant in certain beds at a few horizons where a number 

of fairly representative collections have been made. The fossil plants 

collected for the Arkansas Geological Survey were examined and reported on in a paper by H. L. Fairchild and David White which, like 

several other reports of that organization, has unfortunately never 

been published. Several collections of invertebrate fossils from the 

coal field were identified, described, and illustrated by Prof. J. P. 

Smith, 0 formerly of the Arkansas Survey, and the correlation of the 

coal measures with Carboniferous rocks of other regions was adequately discussed by him in several papers published by private 

organizations, which are available for reference in any good geological 

library.

Since the discontinuance of the Arkansas Geological Survey, many 

collections, of both plants and marine invertebrates, from corresponding rocks in Indian Territory, have been examined by David White 6 

and G. H. Girty,c and are described in the publications of the United 

States Geological Survey.

The collections made in the course of the present investigations 

in Arkansas have been examined by Messrs. White and Girty, whose 

reports on them are presented on pages 24-35. In general these

o Smith, James Perrin, The Arkansas coal measures in their relation to the Pacific Carboniferous 

province: Jour. Geol., vol. 2,1894, pp. 187-203; Marine fossils from the coal measures of Arkansas: Proc. 

Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 35, 1896, pp. 214-285, Pis. XVI-XXIV. , _

& White, David, Report on fossil plants from the McAlester coal field, Indian Territory, collected 

by Messrs. Taff and Richardson in 1897: Nineteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3, 1899, pp. 457- 

534, Pis. LXVII-LXXVIII. .

c Girty, G. H:, Preliminary report on Paleozoic invertebrate fossils from the region of the McAlester 

coal field, Indian Territory: Nineteeath. Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3, 1899, pp. 539-593,'Pis. 

LXIX-LXXII.
24 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

fossils afford little ground for the stratigraphic correlation of individual beds and horizons, though they determine in a general way the 

age or time relations of the coals of Arkansas as compared with those 

of other States. Two conclusions of general interest may be drawn 

from a study of the fossils:

1. The Arkansas coal measures correspond to a lower part of the 

Pennsylvanian series of the Carboniferous. They are somewhat 

older than the coals of Kansas and younger than those of Alabama.

2. The great thickness of coal-bearing sediments of Arkansas was 

deposited in a relatively short time as compared with that required 

for the deposition of the corresponding rocks in Pennsylvania and 

West Virginia. The rapid sedimentation may account for the great 

stratigraphic intervals between the several coal beds and for much of 

the irregularity in the bedding.

REPORT ON FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE COAL MEASURES OF ARKANSAS.

By DAVID WHITE.

EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF THE COLLECTIONS.

The fossil plants collected by Mr. Arthur J. Collier and assistants 

from the Arkansas coal fields have been examined very closely, and 

the identifications listed below are, for the most part, final, though 

a portion are subject to revision and must be regarded as preliminary.

A fact that becomes at once apparent on inspecting the plants 

collected by Mr. Collier is the remarkable lack of strong or characteristic differences between the ferns of the upper and lower horizons 

represented in the collections. The entire period covered by the 

approximately 1,200 feet represented therein is not greater than that 

embraced in less than 200 feet of a corresponding portion of the 

Allegheny formation in the Appalachian trough. The Coal Hill 

coal appears paleobotanically at the level of the Brookville coal in 

the Allegheny formation. The Coal Ridge flora, on the other hand, 

is perhaps not younger than the lower Kittanning coal of the Allegheny formation, while the Paris coal furnishes no evidence of a date 

later than upper Kittanning. The entire interval falls within the 

limits of the Cherokee formation in Kansas; and. of the basal coal 

measures in Henry County, Mo., including beds probably not over 

150 feet above the Mississippian surface.

In view of this great dilation of the basal Allegheny and consequent 

extraordinarily rapid sedimentation it is not surprising that very 

little distinct change is to be observed from one point to another, or 

that the horizons can with difficulty be detected paleobotanically 

without elaborate collections. Some of the lots contain but few 

species, many of which have considerable vertical range. It is impossible, therefore, to foresee what similarities between certain lots would
FOSSIL PLANTS. 25

appear if the collections were more complete. On the contrary, 

where the collections are from very different horizons it is safe to 

infer that larger collections would show greater paleontological 

differences.

In listing and discussing the collections I shall treat them in several 

natural groups, which are assumed to represent as many horizons or 

phases of the floras. A small number of lots will be omitted on 

account of the absolute insufficiency of the material.

FLORA OF THE COAL HILL COAL.

The collections which I regard as probably belonging to this horizon 

represent a basal Alleghenian flora in which a few traces of Pottsville 

development are still to be seen, as illustrated particularly in MariO'pteris and Neuropteris.

sec. 29, T. 9 N.,R. 25 W., below Coal Hill coal.

Alethopteris serlii (lax). 

Neuropteris capitata. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Neuropteris rogersii. 

Linopteris squarrosa?. 

Dolerophyllum angularis. 

Cardiocarppn bicuspidatum?. 

Rhabdocarpos sulcatus.

Fossil plants (lot D) from NE. \ SE. -

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Sphenophyllum suspectum. 

Pseudopecopteris macilenta. 

Cheilanthites trifoliolatus. 

Cheilanthites squamosus. 

Mariopteris occidentalis. 

Mariopteris nervosa. 

Pecopteris vestita. 

Pecopteris (Scolecopteris) cf. miltoni.

Fossil plants (lot E)from NE.

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum var. minor. 

Sphenophyllum suspectum. 

Cheilanthites squamosus. 

Mariopteris occidentalis. 

Mariopteris nervosa.

sec. 24, T. 9 N., R. 26 W., west of Coal Hill

Pecopteris plumosa. 

Pecopteris vestita?. 

Pecopteris sp., indet. fragment. 

Alethopteris serlii. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Wing of cockroach.

Fossil plants (lot B) from Southern Anthracite Coal Company*'s shaft No. 1, at Russell- 

 . mile, Ark., in sec. 16, T. 7 N., R. 21 W.

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Calamostachys sp. 

Sphenophyllum fasciculatum. 

Cheilanthites squamosus. 

Mariopteris occidentalis. 

Pecopteris vestita?. 

Alethopteris serlii.

Aphlebia cf. hirsuta. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris capitata. 

Nouropteris scheuchzeri. 

Sigillariostrobus quadrangularis. 

Wing of cockroach.

Fossil plants (lot C) from Humphrey's shaft, north of Russelhille, Ark., in sec. 28,

T. 8 N., R. 21 W.

'> Annularia radiata. 

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum var. minor. 

Mariopteris latifolia?. 

Neuropteris cf. tenuifolia.

10610 Bull. 320 07 3

Neuropteris harrisii?. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Wing of cockroach.
26 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Fossil plants (lot M) from Woodson's strip pit, one-fourth mile north of Burma station 

on the Frisco Railway, in sec. 19, T. 5 N., R. 31 W. ,

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Alethopteris serlii. 

Neuropteris harrisii.

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris ovata. 

Neuropteris cf. tenuifolia.

Fossil plants (lot C)from old No. 1 mine at Denning,

R. 26 W.

., in SE. % sec. 22, T. 9 N.,

Annularia stellata. 

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Phyllotheca ? sp. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Sphenophyllum majus. 

Sphenophyllum suspectum. 

Cheilanthites squamosus. 

Mariopteris incompleta. 

Mariopteris muricata. 

Mariopteris occidentalis. 

Mariopteris nervosa.

Sphenopteris sp. 

Pecopteris emarginata. 

Pecopteris cf. robusta. 

Pecopteris vestita. 

Pecopteris clintoni?. 

Alethopteris serlii (lax). 

Neuropteris capitata. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Lepidophloios scoticus?. 

Sigillariostrobus quadrangularis.

The four lots first listed above appear to represent an identical flora. 

The plants in lot C show so close a relation to the flora of the Hartshorne coal of Indian Territory as in my judgment to justify the 

belief that it belongs to the same horizon a conclusion sustained 

also by lot M.

Fossil plants (lot I) from NE. i SW. i sec. 29, T. 9 N., R. 25 W., southwest of Coal Hill.

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Mariopteris occidentalis. 

Mariopteris nervosa. 

Alethopteris serlii.

Neuropteris missouriensis?. 

Rhabdocarpos sulcatus. 

Rhabdocarpos ? sp.

The very small collection listed above is placed here on account 

only of its lack of difference from the preceding. In itself it is insufficient for paleontological correlation.

xFossil plants (lot K)from mine No. 4 Western Coal Company, in NW. \ SE. \, sec. 19, 

T.9N., R. 25 W., west of Coal Hill.

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Lepidophyllum missouriense.

Asolanus camptotsenia. 

Cardiocarpon cf. circulate

This very meager collection differs from the other floras by the 

addition of two lepidophytes and by the relatively small number of 

ferns. Its inclusion with the Coal Hill flora is based purely on the 

stratigraphic data furnished by Mr. Collier. *

FLORA OP THE SPADRA COAL.

The two collections next listed come from below the Spadra coal.
FOSSIL PLANTS. 27

Fossil plants (lot H) from shale 4 feet below Spadra coal in old Alien slope, in NE. 

sec 13, T. 9 N., R. 25 W., northwest of Hartman, Ark.

Aimularia spheuophylloides. 

Eremopteris cf. lincolniana. 

Pseudopecopteris macilenta. 

Mariopteris sp. cf. sphenopteroides?

indet. fragment. 

Sphenopteris cf. cristata.

Pecopteris vestita.

Alethopteri's serlii.

Neuropteris ovata.

Neuropteris capitata?.

Neuropteris jenneyi.

Linopteris cf. squarrosa; small fragment.

Fossil plants (lot G) from SE.$ sec. 24, T. ION., R. 25 W., 4 miles north of Hartman, Ark.

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Eremopteris cf. lincolniana. 

Pseudopecopteris macilenta. 

Sphenopteris (Hawlea) cf.

Small fragment. 

Pecopteris vestita?.

cristata?.

Aphlebia hirsuta. 

Alethopteris serlii. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Neuropteris jenneyi. 

Linopteris cf. squarrosa. 

Sigillariostrobus quadrangularis.

While apparently as old as the Coal Hill flora these two lots are not 

so far identical with the latter as might be expected. The two lots 

are very nearly identical in composition and it is possible that their 

difference from the flora of the Coal Hill coal may be due only to the 

fact that the fossils come from below the coal rather than from the 

roof shale.

The interesting feature connected with the Spadra flora is the occurrence of Pseudopecopteris macilenta, Neuropteris jenneyi, and Linopteris squarrosa, three species originally described from the small 

outlying basin in the zinc region of southwestern Missouri.

FLORA OP THE COAL RIDGE OR CHARLESTON COAL.

l^ossil plants (lot L)from Carter's coal mine, in sec. 17, T. 7 N., R. 28 W., southeast of

Charleston, Ark.

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum var. minor. 

Sphenophyllum fasciculatum. 

Sphenopteris sp. indet. fragment. 

Aloiopteris winslovii. 

Pecopteris vestita.

Pecopteris miltoni?. 

Callipteridium membranaceum. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Lepidophyllum lanceolatum. 

Cordaites (communis?).

Fossil plants (lot Q)from point 50 paces south of iron bridge, one-half mile east of Caulksville, Ark., in sec. 3, T.7 N., R. 17 W.

Annularia sp.

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Sphenophyllum majus. 

Eremopteris spinosa. 

Neuropteris cf. rarinervis.

Fossil plants (lot N)from sec. 3, south center, south of bridge east of Caulksville, Ark., 

in sec. 3, T. 7 N., R. 27 W.

Neuropteris cf. missouriensis?. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Linopteris munsteri. 

Lepidocystis vesicularis.

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenopteris cf. illinoisensis. 

Renaultia sp. indet. 

Pecopteris villosa?. 

Pecopteris oreopteridia.

Pecopteris candolliana. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Linopteris munsteri. 

Lepidophyllum ovatifolium?.
28 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Fossil plants (lot P)from shale over Coal Ridge or Charleston coal in northeast corner sec. 

6, T.7 N., R. 28 W., north of Charleston, Ark.

Asterophyllites equisetiformis. 

Sphenopteris ? sp. indet. 

Pecopteris vestita.

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Linopteris munsteri.

The plants contained in lots L, Q, and N belong to a flora which, 

though very closely allied to that of the Coal Hill coal, appears, 

nevertheless, to differ from the latter by the absence of some of the 

earlier forms related to Cheilanihites, Mariopteris, and Neuropteris. 

The flora is fairly homogeneous, though not rich. It is characterized 

by the presence of a considerable number of species which were not 

collected from the Coal Hill coal and which point to an approximate 

contemporaneity with the lower coal in Henry County, Mo. It is 

doubtful whether the flora here represented is younger than the 

Lower or Middle Kittanning, though it is possible that more complete 

collections will prove it to be young as the Upper Kittanning. 

Strictly speaking, this flora is perhaps as high as any that is represented in the collections. The five species of lot P are tentatively 

placed in the same group with L and Q, on account of the identity 

of the Lino'pteris munsteri. The flora of lot P itself is too small for 

correlative value.

THE PARIS FLORA. ,

Fossil plants (lot 0) from coal seams of the Paris Coal Company., in sec. 10, T. 7 N., 

R. 26 W., one-half mile west of Paris, Ark.

Calamites suckowii. 

Cheilanthites trifoliolatus. 

Linopteris munsteri (abundant). 

Lepidophyllum lanceolatum.

Lepidostrobus sp. (small). 

Sigillaria discophora. 

Androstachys? sp. indet.

This flora, which is possibly the youngest represented in the collections, appears to be closely joined to the preceding by the very 

abundant Linopteris munsteri. The remaining species are, however, 

largely unrepresented in the other collections, but their general 

stratigraphical significance is .not such as to permit of regarding the 

Paris coal as very much later in date than the Cpal Ridge coal. I do 

not regard it as younger than Upper Kittanning.

LOTS OF DOUBTFUL AGE.

Hereunder I list the collections in lots V, W, U, and X, all of which 

are probably from the same horizon. It would seem that these lots 

can not be younger than the Coal Ridge flora, while, on the other 

hand, the number of species which they hold in common with the 

Coal Hill flora would at first make them seem susceptible of reference 

to the latter horizon. At the same time each lot contains so large a
FOSSIL PLANTS. 29

proportion of forms not represented in the collections from Coal 

Hill coal as to leave some doubt as to the correctness of such a reference. The general indications of some of these extraneous species 

would seem to preclude considering the material as later, at furthest, 

than Coal Ridge flora. This is particularly true of lot V, whose connection with the Coal Hill flora is less evident than appears in the 

case of lot U. I am, on the whole, slightly more disposed to regard 

them as representing the Coal Hill coal. At the same time the 

presence of the species whose general status would seem to point to 

a higher horizon must leave doubt as to whether collections U and V 

are not, perhaps, .as young as the Coal Ridge coal. Lots X and W 

are listed in connection with lots U and V for the reason only that 

they are too limited in species to present any differences from the 

other lots.

Fossil plants (lot V)fromNW.%NE.^sec.28, T.9N.,R.%7 W.,5mileSWestofAltlLS, Ark.

Calamites sp. indet. 

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Sphenophyllum fasciculatum. 

Mariopteris sphenopteroides. 

Mariopteris nervosa. 

Sphenopteris cf. pinnatifida. 

Crossotheca ophioglossoides. 

Pachypteris gracillima.

Pecopteris vestita. 

Neuropteris rarinervis. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris clarksoni?. 

Neuropteris ovata. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Odontopteris bradleyi?. 

Lepidodendron sp., indet. twig. 

Lepidophyllum oblongifolium.

Fossil plants (lot W)from SW. \ sec. 17, T. 9 R. 26 W., N. 2, miles west of Altusj Ark.

Calamites ramosus. 

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Mariopteris nervosa.

Pecopteris villosa?. Fragments. 

Wing of cockroach.

Fossil plants (lot IT) from near Central Coal and Coke Company's mine at Hartford, in

sec. 15, T. 4 N., R. 82 W.

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum var. minor. 

Sphenophyllum cf. majus. 

Cheilanthites squamosus. 

Mariopteris occidentalis. 

Mariopteris incompleta. 

Mariopteris sphenopteroides. 

Aloiopteris winslovii.

Pecopteris vestita.

Pecopteris candolliana.

Pecopteris dentata.

Pecopteris jenneyi?.

Alethopteris serlii var missouriensis.

Neuropteris ovata.

Neuropteris scheuchzeri.

Fossil plants (lot X)from sec. 21, T. 10 N-., R. 29 W.,2 miles west of Pleasant Hill, on

old wire road.

Sphenopteris sp. 

Alethopteris serlii.

Neuropteris ovata. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri.
30 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

THE VAN BUREN FLORA.

Fossil plants (lot T)from E. % SE. \ sec. 9,' T. 9 N., R. 31 W.

Asterophyllites equisetiformis. 

Annularia radiata. 

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Sphenophyllunrfasciculatum?. 

Cheilanthites pluckenetii. 

Mariopteris sphenopteroides. 

Mariopteris occidentails. 

Mariopteris nervosa. 

Crossotheca ophioglossoides. 

Sphenopteris cf. mixta. 

Pecopteris vestita?. 

Pecopteris villosa. 

Pecopteris robusta?.

Pecopteris dentata. 

Aphlebia hirsuta. 

Alethopteris serlii. 

Callipteridium insequale?. 

Callipteridium sullivantii. 

Neuropteris ovata. 

Neuropteris fimbriata. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Neuropteris clarksoni?. 

Cordaites cf. principalis. 

Cordaianthus sp. 

Cardiocarpon fluitans. 

Rhabdocarpus sp.

The review of the species listed above shows at once that the Van 

Buren flora is most intimately associated with that represented by 

lots U and V. Its species are identical with the former, but they are, 

by the generally recognized range of the forms, shown to be of approximately the same age. The Van Buren flora (lot T) is therefore, I 

believe, to be considered as not younger than the Coal Eidge flora. 

If it can be shown that lots V and W are as old as Coal Hill it will 

then be possible to refer lot T to nearly as low an horizon. In this 

connection it may be of interest to compare lots U and V, as well as T, 

with two collections made by Mr. Taff from the Poteau and Sallisaw 

quadrangles of Indian Territory. I am not informed as to the stratigraphical position of the Indian Territory floras, though it is probable 

that Mr. Taff can readily supply the data; but it is desirable to call 

attention to the strong evidence of approximate contemporaneity 

which would appear to exist between these localities and those of the 

lots last discussed.

Fossil plant-s (lot 2180) from lower coal at Witteville, Ind. T. (Poteau quadrangle), in

NE. i- sec. 15, T. 7 N., R. 25 E.

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Cheilanthites squamosus. 

Mariopteris sphenopteroides. 

Mariopteris nervosa. 

Mariopteris incompleta. 

Mariopteris occidentalis.

Pecopteris vestita. 

Neuropteris ovata. 

Neuropteris rarinervis. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Odontopteris bradleyi.
MARINE FOSSILS.

Fossil plants (lot 2737) from center of sec. 13, T. 11 N., R. 23 E., Sallisaw (Ind. T.)

quadrangle.

Annuluria stellata. 

Annularia sphenophylloides. 

Sphenophyllum emarginatum. 

Sphenophyllum fasciculatum. 

Sphenophyllum cf. thoni. 

Mariopteris sphenopteroides. 

Mariopteris occidentalis. 

Mariopteris incompleta. 

Sphenopteris pinnatifida.

Sphenopteris cf. cristata?. 

Pecopteris vestita?. 

Pecopteris robusta?. 

Alethopteris ambigua. 

Callipteridium sullivantii. 

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Neuropteris scheuchzeri. 

Linopteris 'cf. munsteri. 

Cordaianthus ovatus.

Sphenopteris mixta.

OTHER COLLECTIONS.

The following localities are represented by collections too small 

and of too little value to deserve formal consideration from a correlative standpoint, especially in a case like the present, where the

expansion of the formations is so great as to show but little floral 

change in an interval of hundreds of feet.

The first of these lots, from shale just above the quarry at the Catholic church, may belong to the Coal Ridge or Van Buren stage.

Fossil plants (lot S)from sec. 2, T.7 N.,R.25W.

Pecopteris vestita. Cardiocarpon branneri. 

Pecopteris ofeopteridia. ' Cardiocarpon cf. circulare.

Fossil plants (lot J)from sec. 31, T.7 N., R. 28 W.

Neuropteris missouriensis.

Fossil plantsf (lot R) from Caulk's pit, east of Caulksville. 

Alethopteris serlii. | Linopteris sp.

Fossil plants (lot A) from sec. 16, T. 9 N., R. 22 W.

Neuropteris missouriensis. 

Mariopteris occidentalis.

Mariopteris sp.

REPORT ON MARINE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS FROM THE COAL FIELDS

OF ARKANSAS.

By GEORGE H. GIRTY.

From Sixmile Creek, south of bridge east of Caulksville. 

Aviculipecten whitei.

From No. 1 mine of Consolidated Anthracite Coal Company, Spadra, Ark:, in sec. 24,

T. 9 N., R. 24 W.

Pleurophorus subcostatus?.
32 THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

No label. 

Pleurophorus subcostatus. | Aviculipecten whitei.

From shale on Little Piney Creek above junction with.Big Piney.

Euomphalus catilloides?. 

From southeast corner sec. 30, T. 7 N., R. 29 W., in sandstone over coal.

Sedgwickia aff. topekensis. 

From Sixmile P. 0., in sec. 25, T. 8 N., R. 28 W.

Marginifera muricata. 

Composita subtilita. 

Edmondia aff. E. subtruncata. 

Edmondia? sp. 

Leda aff. L. nasuta. 

Schizodus? sp. 

Astartella varica? 

Deltopecten aff. D. occidentalis.

Yoldia aff. Y.' carbonaria. 

Pleurophorus angulatus. 

.Euphemus nodicarinatus. 

Platyceras aff. P. nebraskense. 

Nautilus sp. 

Orthoceras sp. 

Various small undet. gasteropods.

From south side of Spadra Hill, in sec. 29, T. 9 N., R. 24 W.

Crania? sp.

Aviculipecten whitei. 

Aviculipecten sp. 

Leda? sp. 

Pleurophorus oblongus.

| Naticopsis nana. 

Naticopsis sp. 

Pleurotomaria? sp. 

Murchisonia? sp. 

Ostracoda.

From southwest corner NW. % NE. % sec. 15, T. 9 N.,, R. 32 W.

Lophophyllum profundum. 

Derbya sp. (not crassa). 

Productus sp. 

Squamularia perplexa. 

Spirifer rockymontanus. 

Composita subtilita. 

Hustedia mormoni. 

Aviculipecten sp.

Myalina perniformis. 

Astartella vera, 

Nucula ventricosa. 

Edmondia aff. E. nebraskensis. 

Pleurophorus angulatus. 

Macrodon obsoletus. 

Patellostium? sp. 

Orthoceras sp.

From NW. \ sec. 15, T. 9 N., R. 32 W.,3 miles northwest of Van Buren.

Crinoidal.

Lophophyllum profundum.

Composita subtilita.

Pleurophorus angulatus. 

Soleniscus klipparti. 

Pleurotomaria sp.

From, road 50 paces south of railroad, in sec. 9, T. 9 N., R. 31 W. (C. D. S).

Crinoidal. 

Prismopora sp. 

Rhombopora sp. 

Derbya sp. (not crassa). 

Marginifera muricata. 

Composita subtilita. 

Dielasma? sp. 

Spirifer rockymontanus.

Hustedia mormoni. 

Macrodon obsoletus. 

Deltopecten occidentalis. 

Schizodus sp. 

Pleurophorus immaturus? 

Naticopsis sp. 

Pleurotomaria sp.
MARINE FOSSILS. 33

From vicinity of Plymouth, Ark., on road 100 paces north of town, in NW. \ sec. 35

' T. 11 N., R. 29 W.

Michelinia sp. 

Polypora ? sp. 

Fistulipora ? sp. 

Derbya sp. (not crassa). 

Marginifera ingrata?. 

Spirifer rockyraontanus. 

Composita subtilita.

Hustedia mormoni. 

Macrodon obsoletus?. 

Leda aff. L. nasuta. 

Astartella concentrica Conrad. 

Euomphalus catilloides. 

Euphemus nodicarinatus. 

Nautilus sp.

From W. i sec. 35, T. 9 N., R. 28 W., just south of hill.

Marginifera muricata. 

Hustedia mormoni 

Derbya crassa?. 

Composita subtilita. 

Avicula acosta?. 

Lima retifera?. 

Aviculipecten sp. a.

Nucula ventricosa.

Leda sp.

Astartella ? sp.

Pteria ohioensis?

Astartella contentrica Conrad.

Pleurotomaria aff. brazoensis.

From one-fourth mile north of Burma station, on Frisco Railroad, Woodson's strip pit,

sec. 19, T. 5 N., R. 31 W.

Naiadites elongatus. | Allerisma ? sp.

From near southwest corner of sec. 15, T. 9 N., R. 32 W.

Monilipora sp.

Crinoidal.

Lophophyllum profundum.

Bhombopora sp.

Spirifer sp.

Spirifer rockymontanus.

Spirifer cameratus.

Spiriferina kentuckyensis?.

Composita subtilita.

Dielasma sp.

Deltopecten occidentalis.

Deltopecten aff. D. texanum. 

Aviculipecten sp. a. 

Nucula ventricosa?. 

Astartella varica. 

Schizodus sp.

Modiola aff. M. subelliptica. 

Euomphalus catilloides. 

Bellerophon sp. 

Loxonema ? sp. 

Griffithides sp. a.

From mine of Union Coal Company, west of Paris, Ark. 

Aviculipecten whitei. | Pleurophorus subcostatus.

From point 3 miles northeast of Fort Smith, Ark., on Wilson farm, in sec. 1, T. 8 N.,

R. 32 W.

Marginifera ? sp. 

Spirifer rockymontanus.

Spiriferina kentuckyensis. 

Composita subtilita.
34 THE ABKANSAS COAL FIELD.

From west end ofPoteau Mountain, Indian Territory, 2\ miles northwest of Coaldale, Ark.

Lophophyllum profundum. 

Crinoidal fragments. 

Stenopora ? sp. 

Fistulipora sp.

Rhombopora lepidodendroides. 

Septopora biserialis. 

Lingulidiscina aff. L. convexa. 

Derbya crassa. 

Productus cora.

. Productus cf. P. nebraskensis. . Margin if era ingrata. 

Spirifer rockymontanus. 

Spirifer cameratus. 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis. 

Composita subtilita. 

Hustedia mormoni. 

Pugnax osagensis. 

Dielasma bovidens?. 

Aviculipecten aff. A. coxanus. 

Aviculipecten gerraanus. 

Lima retifera?. 

Pteria ohioensis?. 

Pseudomonotis ? sp.

Leda bellistriata. 

Myalina aff. M. perniformis. 

Solenomya sp. 

Schizodus affinis?. 

Allerisma terminale?.. 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus. 

Cypricardinia carbonaria. 

Astartella concentrica?. 

Astartella varica. 

Edmondia mortonana?. 

Pleurophorus immaturus?. 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus. 

Euconospira n. sp. 

Pleurotomaria aff. P. tenuicincta. 

Pleurotomaria aff. P. subconstricta. 

Pleurotomaria aff. P. giffordi. 

Patellostium marcouanum. 

Bellerophon harrodi?. , 

Aclis stevensana. 

Sphaerodoma sp. 

Orthoceras cribrosum?. 

Nautilus sp. 

Phillipsia cliftonensis?.

From west end of Pote.au Mountain, Indian Territory, Z\ miles northwest of Coaldale, 

Ark., at point 150 feet above shale fossils.

Deltopecten occidentalis?. 

Myalina perattenuata. 

Myalina aviculoides. 

Aviculipinna americaua.

Allerisma terminale. 

Schizodus -compressus. 

Pleurophorus sp.

All these fossils are of Pennsylvania!! age, and all show closely 

related faunal facies. I regard them as rather low in the Pennsylvanian. Very little discrimination can be made between these collections on the strength of their invertebrate faunas. Those from the 

black shale associated with coal beds have to a certain extent an 

individual aspect, owing to their limited variety, a fact which I ascribe 

to impure or brackish water Conditions, but even these are related to 

the more varied and more obviously marine assemblages of species.

The lot collected near Sixmile post-office, in sec. 25, T. 8 N., R. 28 

W., which represents, I believe, the highest horizon in the collection 

from Arkansas, has .to a limited extent peculiarities that differentiate 

it from some of the other collections coming from lower beds. One 

fact in point is the relatively restricted representation of brachiopods, 

which group is more abundant in some of the other lots. The pelecypods are largely the same. It is very doubtful, however, whether 

this difference (the brachiopod representation) should be given any 

stratigraphic significance. It may be local or accidental. Other
STRUCTURE. 85

collections from the same horizon at somewhat separated points 

would be necessary to determine this fact.

Lithologically the collections from shale on the west end of Poteau 

Mountain in Indian Territory are distinct from the others; and though 

a good many species are common to both series of collections, I 

believe the Poteau Mountain material to represent a younger horizon. 

This is perhaps especially true of the collection obtained from 1.50 feet 

above the shale fauna. The latter can possibly be correlated with 

the Flint Ridge horizon of Ohio.

STRUCTURE. 

GENERAL FEATURES.

The coal field of Arkansas lies in a long, comparatively narrow 

synclinal trough extending eastward along Arkansas River valley 

from the Indian Territory line. North and south of the field the coalbearing strata have been eroded, leaving only barren rocks of the 

Atoka and Winslow formations exposed. This trough lies between 

the Boston Mountains on the north and the Ouachita Mountains on 

the south, two elevated land masses which have very different geologic structures. The Ouachita region is characterized by long, sharp 

ridges formed by the erosion of alternating hard and soft beds dipping 

at high angles. They are in fact strike ridges of upturned rocks. 

The various strata comprising this mass have been subjected to violent strains and compressed in a north-south direction, throwing them 

into folds whose axes extend approximately east and west. Subsequent to this crumpling the upper parts of the folds have been eroded, 

leaving the edges of the harder beds projecting in ridges as we now 

find them. In the process of folding the strata were here and there 

broken and in many places the beds slipped out of position so that 

their outcrops are not now continuous for very great distances. 

Such fractures are called faults by geologists. As a general rule, the 

faults of the Ouachita Mountain province are of the kind that is produced by compression. In such faults the fracture plane is, as a rule, 

inclined, and the beds on the upper side have slipped over those on 

the lower side in fact, are thrust over them and for this reason 

such displacements are called thrust faults. In general the faults of 

the Ouachita Mountain region extend approximately east and west 

parallel with the trend of the ridges.a

The rocks of the Boston Mountain province 6 are not so intensely 

folded as those of the Ouachita province, but are, as a rule, only 

slightly distorted from their original horizontal positions. They are

"For a description of the geologic structure of the Ouachita Mountains, see Tafl, Joseph A., Atoka 

folio (No. 79), pp. 6 and 7; Coalgate folio (No. 74), p. 5; and manuscripts of McAlester, Windingstair, 

and Tuskahoma folios, not yet published.

& Purdue, A. H., Winslow folio. (In preparation.)
36 THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

characterized by low dips, seldom exceeding 4° or 5°. This mass 

appears to have been raised up like a great block of the earth's crust, 

allowing the lowlands of Arkansas Valley to break away from it. 

Where one part of the earth's crust is raised up higher than an 

adjoining part, the'beds at the two levels must either bend or break. 

A flexure produced in this way is described as a monocline or monoclinal fold. Fractures or faults thus produced differ in type from 

those found in the Ouachita Mountains in that they occur in beds not 

crumpled by lateral pressure and otherwise little disturbed from their 

original positions. Usually in such faults the plane of fracture does 

not stand exactly vertical, and the beds on the upper or hanging-wall 

side slip down, while those on the lower or foot-wall side rise. Faults 

of this kind are described as normal, drop, or tension faults. They 

are characteristic of the geologic structure of the Boston Mountains, 

and a series of them, extending approximately east and west, occurs 

along the north side of Arkansas Valley, and in many places separates 

the Boston Mountain province from the coal field.

28 27 26 ' 25 Z4 23 Z2 21 R.2OW. 19

Anticline 

20 30

FIG. 8. Map showing structural features of Arkansas coal fleld.

It will be seen from this description that the Arkansas Valley syncline, which contains the coal field, is peculiar in that on its south side 

the underlying rocks rise by pronounced folds and thrust faults, while 

on the north side the underlying rocks are brought to the surface by a 

simple monoclinal uplift, accompanied at some places by normal 

faulting.
STRUCTURE: ANTICLINES. 37

The structures within the coal field partake of the nature of both 

these types, since the rocks are definitely folded at many places along 

the southern edge of the field, while near the northern edge the dips 

are gentle, the beds lie nearly flat, and normal faults are of frequent 

occurrence. The principal structural features of the field are shown

in fig. 8.

ANTICLINES.

Although the coal field in general has been described as a synclinal trough, it is folded into a number of minor synclines and anticlines. The determination of these features is of great importance 

to the miner and coal prospector, since without a knowledge of this 

structure it is impossible to determine the best methods of prospecting and working the coal. Generally the largest areas of coal land 

are in the synclines, and where the structure is of this type the" bed

is at its greatest depth in the axis of the fold. The coal bed is most 

easily prospected around the margins of such basins, but in mining 

it is usually most economical to locate the main shaft at the deepest 

place, so that the loaded cars can be moved to it by gravity. Where 

the coal beds lie deep, however, the value to the prospector of recognizing the anticlinal structure is of almost equal importance, for it is 

in the anticlines that he must expect to find the coal for which he is 

searching nearest to the surface. In general the minor anticlines 

and synclines of the Arkansas coal field have approximately east 

and west axes only a few miles in length.

Backbone anticline. Probably the best known anticline in the 

whole district is that in Backbone Ridge, between Bonanza and 

Hackett, which extends from the State line eastward for about 7 

miles. The coal-bearing beds that outcrop on the north and south 

sides of this ridge are tilted at high angles, and in its axis rocks, lying 

far below the coal horizons are exposed. (See fig. 9.) This anticline is an unsymmetrical fold resembling the Ouachita Mountain 

type, and represents a thrust of the rocks from the south over those 

on the north side of the ridge. The strata are broken along its axis 

and a well-marked thrust fault, which at the Indian Territory boundary has a displacement of over 2,000 feet, has been traced nearly to 

Greenwood, 7 miles to the east. The area of marked .folding also 

ends here.

Biswell Hill anticline. Biswell Hill, an elliptical domelike eminence northeast of Greenwood, which is mantled over by the Hartshorne sandstone, is the topographic expression of a broad anticline 

whose axis is parallel with and a short distance northeast of the 

east end of the Backbone Ridge anticline. The fold is slightly 

unsymmetrical in that the dips to the north are higher than those to 

the south. Like the Backbone Ridge anticline, it marks a barren
38 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

area surrounded by the outcrops of the Hartshorne coal, which dips 

away from it to the north and south. The structure, however, is 

apparently favorable for the accummulation of natural gas.

Massard Prairie anticline. Another anticline, which is of considerable economic importance, since it has been successfully exploited for natural gas, is that at Massard Prairie, 5 miles southeast 

of Fort Smith. The surface indications.here suggest a broad elliptical uplift with low dips to both the north and the south. The many 

drill holes in the axis of this fold indicate a barren area surrounded 

by the outcrop of the Hartshorne coal.

Montreal anticline. Another anticline of some importance in coal 

mining is one which extends west from Montreal, in the southern 

part of Sebastian County, to the State line. This is a very broad 

fold, but it serves to bring the Hartshorne coal horizon nearer the 

surfa'ce than it is in the region north and south of it.

Hartford anticline. The Hartford anticline, & broad fold whose 

axis extends for several miles in a northeast-southwest direction, is 

of great economic importance, since it brings the coal horizon within 

easy reach from the surface. At Coops Prairie, northeast of Hartford, this fold assumes a domelike structure almost ideal for the 

accumulation of natural gas. The wells located here supply the gas 

used at Huntington and at the Mansfield brick factories.

Mill Creek Ridge anticline. East of Greenwood the coal field 

narrows down to a width not exceeding 15 miles, and in this strip 

there is at many places only one simple syncline from the south side 

of the coal field to the north. It comprises, however, a few minor 

anticlines which are worthy of mention. One of these is the Mill 

Creek Ridge, which extends from Arbuckle Island, in Sebastian 

County, to Roseville, in Franklin County. This ridge belongs rather

to the northern edge of the coal field, from which it is not wholly 

disconnected. It is a broad, open fold characterized by low-dipping 

rocks. Since the rock which mantles this fold is for the most part 

Hartshorne sandstone, it can not be regarded as cqal land, though 

its southern boundary marks the edge of the coal fields.

Game Hill anticline. There is also a small, short, elliptical anticline in Logan County, extending westward from Caulksville to 

Branch, which is worthy of examination, since it brings the Hartshorne horizon within a few hundred feet of the surface. There is 

also some evidence here of a fault, which will be described later.

Prairie View anticline. The Prairie View anticline, about 10 

miles east of Paris, appears to be a broad, open fold, but of sufficient 

magnitude to bring up the Hartshorne sandstone and Atoka shale, 

leaving a barren area in the center. The folding here is rather pronounced, and there is an east and west fault along the axis. It is 

not known whether it is of the thrust or normal type, though its
STRUCTURE : SYNCLINES. 39

association with the fold and the fact that the downthrow is on the 

north side suggests that it is a thrust fault.

Coal Hill anticline. The Coal Hill anticline is a broad fold with 

east and west axis and low dips to both the north and the south. 

(See fig. 22.) It is of considerable economic importance, since it 

forms a barren area in the heart of the Coal Hill-Denning field, and 

will be described further in connection with the coal beds.

Russellville anticline. The Russellville anticline is a very broad, 

dome-shaped uplift, with indefinite axis, between the Ouita and 

Shinn coal basins. It is surrounded by the outcrop of the Hartshorne sandstone.

. SYNCLINES.

The synclines of the Arkansas coal field, especially near the southern 

edge of the field, are apt to be unsymmetrical, the beds on the south 

side having a higher dip than those on the north. Many of the synclines which occur near the north side of the coal field are faulted, so 

that only a part of the original fold is left. In general the more valuable coal deposits occur where the structure is synclinal:

Fort Smith syncline. In the heart of the syncline beneath Fort 

Smith the Hartshorne coal horizon lies at a depth of 700 to 800 feet. 

This is a very broad fold, with rather indefinite axis. The strata dip 

northward from Massard Prairie at a low angle to the northern limit 

of the city, beyond which the dips are to the south.

Central syncline. Another syncline of greater importance extends 

from the town of Central, in Sebastian County, southwestward to the 

State boundary. This also is a very broad and shallow trough, in the 

deepest part of which the Hartshorne horizon is probably not more 

than 800 feet below the surface.

Greenwood syncline. South of Greenwood there is a more extensive 

trough of this kind, which extends from the boundary line at Hackett 

northeastward past Greenwood for about 30 miles. At its deepest 

point in this trough, south of Hackett, the coal horizon does not, 

exceed 800 feet below the surface. At Greenwood the depth of the 

coal is not beyond 600 feet, while at Potato Hill, a prominent butte a 

few miles east of Auburn, the coal horizon is at a depth not less than 

1,400 feet.

Sugarloaf syncline. The next important syncline south of the 

Greenwood syncline may be described as the Sugarloaf syncline, since 

it includes the two peaks of Sugarloaf Mountain. It is an important 

coal basin, containing large areas where the coal is within easy reach 

from the surface, though the depth of the coal horizon below the top 

of the eastern peak of Sugarloaf Mountain is about 2,000 feet. East 

of Huntington this syncline has no economic importance, since the 

rocks exposed are below the coal horizon.

Poteau syncline. Poteau and Whiteoak mountains mark the axis 

of a syncline in the center of which the coal horizon must be at great
40 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

depth, since the rocks exposed on the surface all have comparatively 

high dips.

Paris syncline. In the central part of the field there is a broad and 

very deep syncline underlying the town of Paris, at which place the 

depth of the Hartshorne coal horizon is about 1,200 feet. This basin 

is unsymmetrical in that the rocks at the southern edge stand vertica 

and are sometimes slightly overturned, while those at the northern 

edge have only very gentle dips. /East of Paris the syncline is constricted to a comparatively narrow trough, which extends eastward 

for several miles south of the Prairie View anticline.

Prairie View syncline. The Prairie View syncline is a broad basin, 

with east-west axis, including the Prairie View coal field. Its structure is shown in fig. 24, and it will be further described in connection 

with the coal beds.

Cabin Creek syncline. The Cabin Creek syncline is a very broad 

basin, whose longer axis extends from Clarksville southeastward 

nearly to Knoxville. The dips, both north and south, are low and 

practically symmetrical. In its axis the Hartshorne coaF horizon is 

from 600 to 700 feet below the surface. x

London basin. Near its east end the coal field narrows down to a 

single broad synclinal basin with rather indefinite axis, which may be 

described as the London basin. This syncline lies between the ends of 

the Prairie View and Russellville anticlines, and its structure is not 

well known, for the surface is largely covered with alluvial deposits. 

The Hartshorne coal horizon is probably 600 to 800 feet below the 

surface in its deepest part.

Ouita and Shinn basins. The London basin apparently divides at 

its west end, one limb passing north of the Russellville anticline, where 

it is known as the Ouita basin, the other, which passes south of Russellville, being the Shinn basin.

The Ouita basin is a shallow flexure from which the coal-bearing 

rocks extend westward in depth and are continuous with those of the 

London basin.

The Shinn basin is a comparatively sharp fold carrying the coal 

horizon to a depth of 600 feet. The coal-bearing rocks, however, are 

not connected with those of the London basin, an area of barren rocks 

intervening.

FAULTS.

General types. The term fault, in the geologic sense, is applied only 

to a break or fracture of the earth's crust along which there has been 

some displacement of the rocks. It is often used by coal miners and 

operators in Arkansas to signify original defects in the coal, marked 

by unusually thin places, places showing many partings, or other conditions due to causes that prevailed at the time of its deposition.
STRUCTURE: FAULTS. 41

It has already been shown that the Arkansas coal field exhibits 

both normal and thrust faults, whereby the rocks making up the 

coal-bearing series and comprising a part of the earth's crust have 

been broken and displaced. (See figs. "9 and 10.) Where a fault is 

encountered in the mines the coal bed is usually cut off abruptly, 

and it often requires much labor and great expense to find it again. 

Indeed, many mines have been abandoned for this cause, and the 

economic importance to the mine operator of a thorough understanding of the nature of the faults in his particular field is very great. 

Within this coal field eleven faults of large proportions and a number 

of smaller unimportant ones are known to occur, and it is probable 

that there are other faults which were not recognized in this rather 

rapid reconnaissance. It is not believed, however, that any faults 

affecting the more important parts of the district have been overlooked. " The recognition of features of this kind in a region like the 

Arkansas coal field, where all the rocks are similar, is very difficult,

I

FIG. 9. Diagram of Backbone Ridge fault.

and it has often been practically impossible to locate them with the 

accuracy desired. Therefore the position of many of the faults shown 

on the map must -be regarded as only approximate.

Backbone Ridge fault. The best known fault in the district is that 

along the axis of Backbone Ridge. (See fig. 9.) This displacement 

was recognized by the geologists of the Arkansas Survey and is represented on the geologic map published in the preliminary report on the 

coal field. 0 Its western end in Indian Territory has been located by 

J. A. Taff. 6

The fault extends from the boundary eastward for about 8 miles 

to a point a mile northwest of Greenwood. Measurements during 

the past season indicate that the displacement is approximately 

5,000 feet near the Indian Territory line. The fault occurs in barren rocks and does not affect the economic development of the field.

"Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol. 3, map of coal field (in pocket), Little Rock Press 

Printing Co., 1888. Winslow, Arthur, Geology of western Arkansas: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 2, 

1891, fig. 4, p. 229.

6 Taff, Jos. A., geology of the eastern Choctaw coal field: Twenty-first Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 

pt. 2,1900, p. 285.

10616 Bull. 326 07 4
42 THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Devils Backbone Ridge and Pine Ridge faults.a Faults of similar 

character probably also occur in some places along the southern 

boundary of the coal field, in what is known as the Devils Backbone 

Ridge at Chismville and as Pine Ridge farther east. For several 

miles along this ridge, which is composed of the Hartshorne sandstone, the beds are slightly overturned and the rocks on the south 

side are very much crumpled and at places broken. Although the 

evidence has not been worked out in the same detail for this area as 

for Backbone Ridge, there seems little doubt that thrust faulting 

has occurred, producing a certain amount of displacement.

Caulksville fault. There is probably also a small fault, with a 

downthrow of 50 or 60 feet on the north side, extending from a point 

near Caulksville to Branch. This fault would run through the 

prairie between Game Hill and Rocky Hill. It is probably of very 

little economic importance, and would not interfere seriously with 

mining operations.

Prairie View fault. The Prairie View fault, which has already been 

mentioned in connection with the Prairie View anticline, extends 

from sec. 25, T. 8 N., R. 25 W., eastward for about 7 miles to Arkansas-River. The downthrow is to the north and the displacement is 

not less than 500 feet. This fault cuts off and defines the southern 

limit of what is called the Prairie View coal field. The evidences of 

disturbance here shown by drill records and surface geology are very 

conclusive, but there is nothing to show the character of the fault, 

though its association with moderate folds and its proximity to Pine 

Ridge, which marks a well-developed fold, would suggest that it is 

due to overthrust.

Faults which occur along the northern edge of the coal field are 

much more difficult to discover; the evidence regarding their existence is obscure, and they are very troublesome to the geologist who 

attempts to interpret the structure of the coal field. They are, however, much more troublesome and have been a source of great expense 

to those who have attempted to operate coal mines in this region. 

These faults are all of normal type; they are not accompanied by 

folds, and most of them extend in an approximately east-west direction. At their extremities the displacement gradually grows less 

and disappears, so that the beds can be traced continuously around 

the ends. In some of these faults, however, sandstone beds are 

brought against other sandstones, shales against shales, so that it is 

only by the most careful study that the displacement can be recognized or its nature determined.

Clarlcsville fault. One of the first of these faults discovered during 

the work here reported extends from a point a few miles south of

d Winslow,. Arthur, op. cit., fig. 3, p. 228.
STRUCTURE: FAULTS. 43

Lutherville westward for about 15 miles, and probably dies out a 

mile or so northwest of Clarksville. Through this distance the exact 

line of the fault could not be located with certainty in the time available. A few miles east of Clarksville sandstone belonging to the 

Fort Smith formation is dropped down and brought into contact 

with the Hartshorne sandstone, showing that the displacement is not 

less than 500 feet. (See fig. 10.) At the contact the two sandstone 

beds are not easily distinguishable, and in making a circuit northeastward from Clarksville across this fault, thence west for a few 

miles, and then south, the geologist is bewildered by finding that the 

sandstone which he must believe is still in the Fort Smith formation 

dips under the Spadra shale.

North of this fault the rocks below the coal horizon are raised and 

the coal-bearing rocks washed away except in small local basins. 

The economic importance of the fault, therefore, is very great,

FIG. .10. Diagram of Clarksville fault at a point 2-.V miles cast of Clarksville, illustrating type of faulting common in the northern part of the coal field. 1, Fort Smith formation; 2, Hartshorne sandstone; 3, Spadra shale; 4, Atoka formation.

Big Danger fault. Another fault which lies south of Clarksville 

and affects the value of the Spadra coal field will be called the Big 

Danger fault from the fact that the best surficial evidence of the 

existence,of a fault is found at the south base of Big Danger Hill, in 

sec. 23, T. 9 N., R. 23 W. From that point the fault extends westward for a total distance of 10 miles. From Spadra west it is parallel with, and about a quarter of a mile south of the line of the Iron 

Mountain Railway. It is a normal fault, with the downthrow on 

the south side. The amount of displacement is indicated by a drill 

hole to be about 270 feet opposite the mouth of Spadra Creek and 

about 300 feet at the east end of Spadra Hill. West of that point 

 the displacement probably decreases gradually and dies out near the 

west end of Spadra Hill. The economic importance of this fault is 

very great, since south of it the Spadra coal bed has been dropped 

down so far that it has not yet been mined.
44 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Spadra fault. The name Spadra is applied to a fault which was 

first encountered in one of the mines in the Spadra field. It was 

afterwards located by a series of drill holes at a point a mile or two 

farther west, and its presence a short distance east of Hartman is 

indicated by the results of drilling. Its extension from Hartman in 

a southwesterly direction is based wholly on a study of the outcrops. 

The evidence is as follows: A pronounced escarpment extending 

south westward from Hartman for a distance of about 4 miles marks 

the boundary of the river bottom lands. Bed-rock exposures along 

this scarp are favorable for study, and since a branch of the Iron Mountain Railway follows its base, indications of disturbance are to be 

seen at many places. The occurrence of the coal bed, as well as 

the surface distribution of the various other formations as. far as they 

are known, can hardly be accounted for on any other hypothesis 

than that the Spadra fault follows the line of this escarpment after 

passing Hartman. This is a normal fault with downthrow to the 

south, the coal bed being raised on the north side. At its eastern 

end, where the fault was first encountered in one of the mines, the 

displacement is only a few feet, and, although it is reported to have 

caused great consternation at first, the coal was soon located again 

on the other side, and there was very little loss. It has not been 

encountered elsewhere in the mines, for the reason that none of 

them have extended their workings so as to cross the supposed line 

of the fault. About 2 miles east of Hartman the displacement, as 

indicated by a reported drill hole, is not less than 200 feet. ,

The recognition of this fault is of the utmost importance in the 

economic development of the Spadra field, since it indicates the possibility of coal in a large area south of Hartman, heretofore regarded 

as barren.

Hartman fault. A fault extends from a point in sec. 14, T. 9 N., 

R. 25 W., about 1 mile north of Hartman, in an east-northeast 

direction through sec. 10, T. 9 N., R. 24 W., for a distance of 4 miles. 

It differs from the two faults just described in that the downthrow 

is on the north side. The fault was first encountered in the workings 

of the old Alien a slope about 1£ miles northeast of Hartman. It is 

reported that at this place the coal was followed down a slope to the 

south until the bed ended abruptly against a wall of sandstone. 

Although the mine has been abandoned for many years, the surface indications verify this report. The fault is traceable from the old mine westward across Horsehead Creek to a point north of Hartman, where a 

sandstone, presumably the Hartshorne, has been followed continuously around its western end. East of the old Alien mine the 

exact position of the fault could not be located nor its extent determined from the surface geology. The amount of displacement at

o Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, vol. 3, 1888, p. 23.
STRUCTURE: FAULTS. 45

the point of original discovery is about 200 feet. The effect of this 

fault is to raise a part of the Hartshorne sandstone and Atoka shale 

south of the Alien mine and to produce a tongue of barren ground 

which extends from Hartman northeastward into the heart of the 

Spadra field.

Coal Hill fault. The Coal Hill fault extends westward from a 

point 1^ miles east of the town of Coal Hill to a point about midway 

between the towns of Altus and Denning. It is of the same type as 

the Spadra fault; the downthrow is on the south side and the maximum amount of displacement is not less than 200 feet. The effect 

of 'the fault is to bring the shale which underlies the Hartshorne 

sandstone in contact with the Spadra shale. Anyone examining 

this field casually would be justified in the opinion that the coal bed 

mined between Coal Hill and Denning extends northward and passes 

under the Pond Creek Hills. The existence of this fault is indicated

by the evident displacement of sandstone beds which are found to 

be identical at its ends. It is also proved by numerous drill holes 

within the coal field. A rather remarkable and significant condition 

in this field is that the workings of the various mines between Coal 

Hill and Denning all lie south of a rather definite east and west line, 

although there is no topographic or other evidence of the discontinuance of the coal bed to be seen on the surface. It is generally 

reported that the coal bed is divided by a thick shale parting near 

the fault, so that the workings are usually abandoned before the 

actual break is reached. In a few of the mines, however, the fault 

has been actually observed, though at present none of the workings 

which approach it are accessible. In one or two instances where 

the fault plane was reached the coal bed is reported to be dragged 

upward slightly, indicating the direction of the movement.

Altus fault. A fault believed to pass through the town of Altus 

also extends in an east and west direction. Its existence is inferred 

from the distribution of geologic formations on the surface, although 

its exact location was not determined at any point on the ground. 

The Hartshorne sandstone, which mantles the hill south of Altus at 

an elevation of about 600 feet, is raised by this fault so that it also 

caps Catholic Hill, north of the town, at an elevation of 900 feet. 

This fault is of the same type as the Coal Hill fault, with which it is 

parallel, and it probably takes up the displacement where the latter 

dies out.

MiU Creek fault. The Mill Creek fault apparently extends from 

Arkansas River at Arbuckle Island eastward to sec. 24, T. 9 N., 

R. 28 W. Mill Creek, which flows nearly due west from the latter 

point, follows a valley whose position is determined by the fault. 

The downthrow of this fault is to the north, and in this respect it 

differs from most of the faults of the northern part of the coalfield.
46 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

The total amount of displacement, which can be easily measured, 

since the Hartshorne sandstone caps the hills on both sides of Mill 

Creek valley, probably does not exceed 200 feet at any point. This 

fault has little economic significance, since it is not believed that any 

coal beds large enough to work are affected by it.

Massard fault. There is evidence of a fault near the mouth of 

Massard Creek about 7 miles southeast of Fort Smith. Its direction 

and linear extent could not be determined on account of imperfect 

geologic exposures, though at the point mentioned a lower bed of 

the Fort Smith formation is dropped down and brought in contact 

with the Hartshorne sandstone, thus indicating a displacement of at 

least 400 feet. In this case the downthrow is on the south side, like 

most of the northern faults. The course of the fault seems to be 

approximately northeast and southwest. Although the fault could 

not be located for more than a quarter of a mile there are some indications of disturbance in Massard Prairie southeast of the gas 

wells in sec. 1, T. 7 N., R. 32 W., and at the Indian Territory boundary 1 mile southwest of Cavanaugh. These conditions would be 

explained by the continuance of this fault from the mouth of Massard Creek southwestward through Massard Prairie and thence westward to the Indian Territory line. The evidence at hand for such a 

fault, however, can not be regarded as in any way conclusive, and 

the proximity of the gas wells on Massard Prairie seems to be prima 

facie evidence against the existence of a fault in the position mentioned. The position of the Massard fault can be proved only by 

systematic drilling, and therefore it has not been indicated on the 

geologic map except for a short distance at the mouth of Massard 

Creek.

Mulberry fault. One of the most extensive faults or systems of 

faults recognized in the coal field extends from a point a few miles 

north of the town of Mulberry a southwestward past the town of Van 

Buren and for a distance of about 15 miles into Indian Territory.6 

The east end of this fault near Mulberry has already been mapped 

by Purdue, since it extends into the area covered by the Winslow 

quadrangle. At this point the evidence regarding the existence of a 

fault seems to be conclusive. Its course westward is marked through 

a considerable part of the distance by a prominent escarpment. For 

several miles' between Alma and Van Buren the evidence of the 

existence of a fault is not conclusive, and it is possible that the movement is taken up in a monoclinal fold. The possible position of the 

fault is indicated by dotted lines. At the town of Van Buren the 

amount of the displacement can not be less than. 300 feet, while it 

may be as great as 1,000 feet. At this place the soft shaly sanda Purdue, A. H., Winslow folio, No. , U. S. Geol. Survey. (In preparation.) 

6 Taff, Joseph A., Sallisaw folio, U. S. Geol. Survey. (In preparation.)
STRUCTURE. 47

stone and shale of the coal-bearing rocks are brought in contact 

with some of the lower shale of the Winslow formation, and on superficial examination the conclusion would be justified that the coalbearing rocks continue northward, passing under the Van Buren 

Hills. ,

This fault has a number of economic bearings. First, it limits the 

area of the coal-bearing rocks on the north. Although it is not 

known that the rocks of this group here .carry any coal beds of commercial value, it is possible that valuable coal beds may be found in 

them. Second, the people of Fort Smith and Van Buren have been 

accustomed to regard those towns as lying in the center of a synclinal trough, and to believe that the Winslow sandstone dips under 

them from the Boston Mountains. If penetrated by deep wells these 

rocks could therefore be expected to yield a flow of good artesian 

water in place of the present unsatisfactory supply. The existence 

of a fault here is an unfortunate thing for this hope, since it is hardly 

conceivable that artesian water would pass across it. A number of 

deep wells which have been drilled near Fort Smith have failed to 

produce artesian water, and this failure may well be accounted for 

by the presence of the fault.

MINOR STRUCTURAL FEATURES.

Joints. Nearly all the harder rocks, especially the 'thin beds of 

hard sandstone included in the shale, show on weathering a system 

of jointing characteristic of this field. The prevailing joints, which 

are developed with great regularity, are nearly vertical and invariably strike a few degrees west of north, regardless of .other more 

dominant structures. Secondary irregular joints extend at right 

angles to these, and the two sets often give thin flat-lying sandstone 

beds the appearance of artificially laid paving stones. ;The intervals 

between the joints of the prevailing system vary from 2 or 3 inches 

to several feet, and advantage .is, taken of the joints'in quarrying the 

rock, as shown in PL IV, B. This jointing is best developed in thin, 

regularly bedded sandstones and harder shales. It is somewhat 

irregular and obscure in the more massive cross-bedded sandstones, 

and can not be recognized at all in the softer shales. The coal beds 

generally do not show it, even though it may be very well developed 

in. sands tone beds a short distance above or below. In some places 

where coal beds have sandstone roofs or floors the regular joints are 

confined to these rocks where they are well developed and do not 

extend into the coal. Nearly all the coal beds have a somewhat 

irregular vertical cleavage.

The average strike of the prevailing joints in the west end of the 

coal field is 15° west of north, while in the east end it is 5° west of 

north, and in other parts it is intermediate between these two direc-
48 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

tions. In any given locality the variations in direction are so small 

as to be difficult of detection even with a pocket compass, and, indeed, 

the joints are nearly as reliable for giving direction as such an instrument. In one instance which came under the writer's observation 

they were used in place of a sun dial for giving the time of day and 

were described as the ''eleven o'clock marks." In geologic investigations when there is doubt as to whether certain rocks are outcrops 

or detached bowlders the direction of the prevailing joints will often 

be sufficient evidence to settle the question.

Miniature folds. Another structural feature of minor importance 

very often seen in the coal'field consists of small local folds or buckles 

in some of the beds, especially in the weathered zone near the surface. 

Such small folds are usually, anticlinal in form, and where encountered in mines and strip pits are sometimes called rolls. In a few 

instances such folds are accompanied by apparent faults, though 

such occurrences are relatively rare. a Usually the zone of disturbance is only a few feet wide, and beyond it the beds affected continue 

with perfect regularity. In general, it is not believed that the flexures extend far in depth, since they are very common in such exposures as stream banks and road cuts, and are rarely, if ever, met with 

in deeper mine workings.

M. R. Campbell, while with the U. S. Geological Survey party in 

the Arkansas field, examined a number of these rolls, and in a recent 

paper describing them attributes their formation to expansion of the 

surface rocks due to weathering.6

100 ft. 

Broken and jointed roof

A. B.

FIG. 11. Minor structural features of coal beds. A, Miniature monocline in coal bed at Woodson's 

strip pit; B, miniature syncline in mine of Fidelity Fuel Company. 1, Sandstone; 2, shale; 3, coal.

Two such folds affecting coal beds ar,e- shown in fig. 11. The fold 

exposed at Woodson's strip pit (fig. 11, A), near Burma, partakes of 

the nature of a fault, since the coal bed is noticeably displaced by it. 

It is in apparent alignment with a small fault exposed in the Branner 

mine about half a mile away, and may possibly be due to the same 

cause. The trough in the Fidelity mine (fig. 11, B) is unusual in that 

the flexure is synclinal.

o Purdue, A. H., Illustrated note on a miniature overthrust fault and anticline: Jour. Geol., vol. 9, 

1901, pp. 341-342. 

t> Campbell, M. R., Rock folds due to weathering: Jour. Geol., vol. 14, No. 8, 1906, pp. 718-721.
ECONOMIC-GEOLOGY. - 49

In general, the coal-bearing rocks are subject to great local variation in dip, so that, while they are thrown into broad anticlines and 

synclines that are easily recognized, the limbs of these folds carry 

minor anticlines and synclines which it is difficult to locate from 

surface exposures. Where encountered in the mines, such features 

are often also called rolls, but they are to be distinguished from the 

more local phenomena described above, since they are due to the 

same stresses that produced the more dominant structures, and presumably will extend^ in depth. The best examples of structure of 

this type, one .of"which is given in fig. 15 (p. 53), were found in the 

Bonanza and Jenny Lind district, though they are probably as common in some of the other districts, where opportunities for investigation are not so good.

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.

THE COAL BEDS. 

DISTRIBUTION.

Coal is by far the most important mineral product of this part of 

Arkansas, though natural gas, shale, and building stone are also 

utilized. Prospecting has thus far failed to demonstrate the presence 

of valuable oil-bearing sands.

Coal beds large enough to be worked occur at three horizons or 

stratigraphic positions in the coal-bearing rocks of Arkansas. These 

rocks were deposited as sediments on the.bottom.of a shallow sea or 

lake, and each layer of sand or shale represents a part of the deposit 

made at the same time. The coal beds were formed from vegetable 

matter at times when the water became so shallow as to permit the 

growth of vegetation over its surface, shutting out the ordinary sediments. Each coal bed, then, may be regarded as representing a. part 

of the actual surface of the earth at some particular time, and coal beds 

that were formed at the same time, although they may never have 

been actually connected with each other, are said to belong to the 

same horizon.

For convenience in discussion the coal beds now to be described 

will be grouped according to the geologic horizons at or near which 

they occur, namely, the horizon of the Hartshorne coal, which takes 

its name from Hartshorne, Ind. T.; that of the Charleston coal, 

mined for local use near Charleston, Ark., and not known to be represented in Indian Territory; and that of the Paris coal, which in all 

probability corresponds approximately to the McAlester coal of 

Indian Territory.

The stratigraphic positions of these horizons are shown in PI. I. 

Nearly all the various coals mined in Arkansas can be correlated with
50 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

one or another of these horizons. There is, however, still some doubt 

regarding the exact correlation of the Pickartz and Philpott coal beds, 

which lie north of the main body of the coal field as outlined, and it is 

possible that one of them may not be represented elsewhere in 

Arkansas. Small coal beds, some of which have been mined for 

neighborhood use, are also known to occur locally at many places in 

rocks which lie below the Hartshorne sandstone, and it is possible 

that future development will establish the fact that there are small 

areas of valuable coal at other horizons than those noted.

COALS OF THE HARTSHORNE HORIZON.

CHARACTER AND DISTRIBUTION.

The coal beds which occur at or near the horizon of the Hartshorne 

coal are economically the most important in both Indian Territory 

and Arkansas. This horizon is at the contact of the Hartshorne 

sandstone with the Spadra shale, and in general the coal bed is taken 

as the line of demarcation between these formations. As actually 

observed, however, there is from a few inches to 20 or 30 feet of shale 

or fire clay between the. coal bed and the sandstone, a condition 

due to local variations either in the character of the upper part of the 

sandstone formation or in the exact position of the coal itself. In 

many places in its lower part the Spadra shale is somewhat sandy, 

and contains lenses of hard sandstone, which lie immediately above 

the coal bed. For this reason the exact contact of the Hartshorne 

with the Spadra formation is at some places difficult to determine, 

and it is probable that in some localities where the outcrop of the coal 

bed could not be found there have been minor errors in mapping. 

The Hartshorne sandstone, which is usually called "bed rock" in 

Arkansas, also varies greatly in character and thickness in different 

parts of the field. While typically a hard rock over 100 feet thick, 

described in drill sections as granite, in places it contains less than 

10 feet of hard rock and in some localities is represented only by 

sandy shale or by irregular thin lenses of hard sandstone distributed 

through 15 or 20 feet of sandy shale, making it difficult to recognize 

except by its stratigraphic position. It has not been identified at all 

in the northern part of the Indian Territory field.

The extent and distribution of the Hartshorne coal'horizon, as represented in the rocks of Arkansas, is seen in the outline map,'fig. 12, 

which shows approximately the extent of the Arkansas coal field. 

The coal bed is subject to great local variation in thickness and character. Partings come and go without reference to any known rule,
HARTSHORNE COALS. 51

and in some parts of the field the coal is entirely absent. Those areas 

in which there is reason to believe that the coal is sufficiently thick for 

mining are indicated in fig. 12. v The local conditions and variations of 

this bed are best described under the headings of the various districts 

in which it is mined.

The area north of Backbone Ridge, in the western end of the field, 

will be described as one district, since the coal bed throughout this 

area exhibits a general similarity in character. The region south 

of Backbone Ridge is best described under^> several headings on

', R32W 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 .22 21 R.20W I

Z9 28 27 26 2S 24 23 22 2\ R.20W. 15

SCALE IN MILES 

£0 30

Coal horizon Areas of known economic 

value

FIG. 12. Distribution of Hartshorne coal horizon and areas in which the coal is known to be of

economic value. <^

account of the local variations in the coal bed, though the mine 

workings are almost continuous. The various districts where coal 

is mined in the eastern end of the field are isolated from one another.

BONANZA AND JENNY LIND DISTRICT.

The district north of Backbone Ridge, in Sebastian County, 

includes several important mines, which are located along the southern outcrop of the coal bed near the towns of Bonanza and Jenny 

Lind. T^he position of the outcrop here is indicated by the Hartshorne sandstone, which is easily traced along the north side of Back-
52 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

bone Ridge and Biswell Hill to Oak Valley, where it turns southward 

and connects with the sandstone that underlies the coal at Greenwood and Hackett. From its southern outcrop at Jenny Lind the 

coal dips northward at an average angle of approximately 2£° for 

about 3 miles, where it is from 600 to 900 feet below the surface. It 

then rises with a still more gentle slope and outcrops at several 

poffits on Massard Prairie, from which it dips no'rthward again and

ZVz miles

N ;

Long Ridge Tennessee Ridge

FIG. 13. Diagram showing relation of topography to geologic structure at Long Prairie near Jenny 

Lind. 1. Sandstone; 2, shale; 3, coal.

passes under Fort Smith. The areas in which the coal is near the 

surface in this district are indicated by the extent of Long and Massard prairies. Long Prairie at Jenny Lind is a broad lowland, bounded 

on the south side by Long Ridge and on the north by Tennessee 

Ridge, the former being the topographic expression of the Hartshorne sandstone, which underlies the coal, the latter that of the

FIG. 14. Diagram showing relation of topography to geologic structure at Massard Prairie. Section 

along road from Fort Smith to Greenwood. The gas wells are located in the center. 1, Shale; 

2, sandstone.

lower member of the Fort Smith formation. The relation of this 

prairie to the bed-rock structure is shown in the sketch, fig. 13.

Massard Prairie is surrounded by the outcrops of a sandstone bed 

correlated with that of Tennessee Ridge, the relations of topography 

to bed-rock structure being shown in fig. 14. The coal bed which 

outcrops in the center of this prairie is probably the same as that at 

Jenny Lind and Bonanza, though the Hartshorne sandstone is represented by a bed not over 15 feet thick.
HARTSHORNE COALS. 53

Jn the basin north of Jenny Lind the greatest depth to coal probably 

does not exceed 800 feet, while in a large part of the district it is 

within 500 feet of the surface. At Central, a small town about 6 

miles northeast of Jenny Lind, coal has been mined from a smaller 

bed, estimated to lie about 850 feet above the Hartshorne coal, 

which will be described later in connection with the Charleston 

horizon. The nature of the coal bed is best shown in this district 

along the outcrop between Bonanza and Jenny Lind, where it has 

been mined for about 2£ miles northward from the outcrop. It is 

thick enough ^for mining along this crop line for about 10 miles, 

nearly all the way from Bonanza to Oak Valley post-office, beyond 

which point it is reported to be too thin for mining and to be divided 

by partings. In general the bed consists of two benches of coal, 

with a shale parting near the center. Some of its local variations 

are shown by the sections presented in fig. 16. At the most eastern

/ mile

Profile of surface

FIG. 15. Profile of coal bed at Jenny Lind, showing variations in dip.

point at which the coal has been measured it has a thickness of 2 

feet, with a small parting at the center.

At Bonanza the Central Coal and Coke Company of Kansas City 

has two mines, and near Jenny Lind there are two active mines operated by the Western Coal and Mining Company. East of Jenny 

Lind several strip pits and banks have been mined for local use, the 

Bostickbank, in sec. 13, T. 8 N., R. 31W., being the most eastern point.

In the underground workings of the mines there is considerable 

irregularity in the dip of the coal north of the crop line. In some 

places along its outcrop the coal dips northward at angles as high 

as 15°, but after reaching a certain depth the dip flattens rather 

abruptly, and in some places is locally reversed before it again dips 

to the north. This condition in mine No. 17 at Jenny Lind is shown 

graphically in fig. 15.

The relative thickness and the variations of the coal benches 

and partings in the mines along the outcrop in this district are
54 THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

shown in the sections presented in fig. 16. The coal is thickest in & 

mine about one-half mile northwest of the town of Jenny Lind. From 

this mine it gradually thins both eastward and westward, though 

its thickness varies locally. In these mines the only parting 

actually rejected in mining is the one that appears in the center 

of the bed in all the sections measured. This parting varies from 

less than an inch to over 6 inches in thickness. Although usually 

shaly, it is variable in character, in some places being described as 

a soft muck or a hard sulphur band. As a general rule the coal is 

said to be of better grade where the bed is thin and to contain more 

impurities in the thicker part. For example, in mine No. 17, at 

Jenny Lind, where it has the greatest thickness, there is a somewhat 

irregular band of bony coal, usually not above 1 inch thick, near 

the center of the upper bench. This is referred to by the miners as

the "gray band," but it 

is not thrown out in mining. In the same mine 

there is often a sulphur 

band near the middle of 

the lower bench. This 

band is irregular in its 

occurrence, but is not of 

sufficient importance to 

cause any part of the 

coal to be rejected. 

The coal in the upper

bench m these mines has 

a SOlliewhat brighter hlS-

, ,1 fU Q f \n iV, 0 1

ler mail UiaL in me lOWer.

It Is HOt VeiV distinctly 

. . , , , ,J., IP j ointed , and although race

and butt slips, as they are called, can be found on close inspection, advantage is not taken of them in mining. In some localities a definite system of joints, which do not affect the coal, is 

apparent in the harder parts of the roof. The roof and floor generally consist of hard, more or less sandy shale; usually the floor is 

a little harder than the roof. Neither roof nor floor has any 

features that are especially unfavorable to mining, though in one of 

the mines, No. 18, near Jenny Lind, parts of the roof are likely to 

fall out on account of the joints.

The only knowledge we have of the coal beyond the northern limit 

of present mining development for a distance of several miles is that 

obtained by drilling. Over a comparatively large area here that is 

believed, to be coal land drill holes have been put down to the coal 

at rather too long intervals to demonstrate fully the value of the land.

FIG. IG.-Graphic sections of coal along the line of outcrop 

from Bonanza east to Oak Grove. A, Mine No. 12 at Bonanza, sec.3, T. C N., R.32 W.; B,mine No. 18, sec. 36, T. 7 

N., R. 32 W.; C, mine No. 17, Jenny Lind^ sec. 32, T. 7 N., R'. 

31 W.; D, outcrop on sec. 34, T. 7 N., R; 31 W.; E, Bostick 

bank, sec. 13, T. 7 N., R. 31 W.
HARTSHORNE COALS. - 55

About 6 miles north of the Jenny Lind outcrop, however, this coal 

bed outcrops again on Massard Prairie, in the center of which there 

is probably a barren area, surrounded by outcrops of the coal. Coal 

has been mined from strip pits here for an almost continuous distance of about 3 miles, within which it was possible to measure the 

coal bed and to study its general appearance and physical character. 

The variations in the coal bed in its extent northward from the 

Jenny Lind outcrop to the center of Massard Prairie are shown by 

the group of graphic sections presented in fig. 17. Throughout this 

whole distance the bed is characterized by two benches with a 

varying shale parting between. The coal bed may possibly become 

progressively thinner northward from the Jenny Lind outcrop, but 

the field has not been sufficiently tested to demonstrate whether 

this is true or not. Three of the sections presented in fig. 17 were 

measured at the outcrop of the coal on Massard Prairie, where it is

iofeet

FIG. 17: Graphic sections of the coal bed from the Jenny Lind outcrop northward to Massard Prairie. 

A, NW. i sec. 21, T. 7 N., R. 31 W.; B, NE. J sec. 19, T. 7 N., R. 31 W.; C, NE. i sec. 14, T. 7 N., R. 32 

W.; D, SE. i sec. 9, T. 7 N., R. 32 W.; E, NE. J sec. 2, T. 7 N., R. 32 W.; F, NE. J sec. 36, T. 8 N., 

R. 32 W.; G, SW. } sec. 30, T. 8 N., R. 31 W.

rather too thin to permit development on a large scale. It is operated, however, in a small way, to supply local demand at Fort Smith. 

The coal has a luster like that at Jenny Lind. That from the upper 

bench is brighter but much softer than that of the lower, and is also 

of a much better quality. The lower bench coal.is high in sulphur 

and ash and after exposure to the air is coated with a white efflorescence. A chemical analysis of coal from Massard Prairie indicates 

that it may be of a somewhat higher grade chemically than that at 

Jenny Lind. (See table of analyses, p. 98.)

From Massard Prairie the coal dips northward at an angle of from 

1° to 2° and passes under the town of Fort Smith, where a coal bed. 

approximately 2 feet thick, which is probably, identical with this one, 

has been reported at a depth of 500 feet in a well drilled for gas 

and oil.
56 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

GREENWOOD AND HUNTINGTON DISTRICT.

Location and extent. The Hartshorne coal bed is continuous over 

an extensive region south of Backbone Ridge in Sebastian County, 

where a large number of mines are located along its outcrop. 

Although the same bed is believed to extend over this whole region, 

the character of the.coal and peculiarities of the bed vary so much 

locally as to make a number of minor divisions necessary in describing it. In general the whole region could be divided into two parts 

by a line running south-southwest from Greenwood a western part 

in which the coal bed is without partings and free from excessive 

ash, and an eastern part in which the coal bed is thick but divided 

and relatively impure. The local character can be more conveniently 

described, however, under headings which indicate the several centers 

of mining activity.

Beginning near the Indian Territory line at Hackett the coal outcrop south of Backbone Ridge has been traced eastward for several 

miles beyond Greenwood, where it turns northward and connects 

with the outcrop of the coal mined at Bonanza and Jenny Lind: 

From this line of outcrop the bed dips southward into the Greenwood syncline, south of which it rises and crops out along the flank 

of a ridge known as Devils Backbone. This ridge, which stretches 

for miles nearly east and west in an almost straight line and marks 

the southern boundary of the coal field, turns abruptly southward a 

few miles southwest of Greenwood and carries the coal outcrop southward to sec. 13, T: 5 N., R. 32 W., which is in the heart of a minor 

anticline between Midland and Montreal. The outcrop line then 

turns eastward, the coal dipping southward, and extends in that 

direction for several miles to Huntington. This town is situated in 

a syncline, around the end of which the outcrop again turns westward, the coal dipping to the north, and extends in a nearly straight 

line to Hartford, where it again turns to the east, swinging around 

the Hartford anticline. The coal bed east of Hartford was followed 

for only about 10 miles, to a point where the investigation was given 

up because the bed, although still of considerable size, was found to 

be so divided by partings as to be of no value. The coal dips to 

the south from the Hartford anticline and passes under Poteau 

Mountain, on the south flank of which it again comes to the surface 

and outcrops for several miles.

Character and thickness of the coal. From the above description it 

will be seen that the Greenwood-Huntington district covers a large 

and roughly rectangular area, including several townships of land on 

which the almost continuous line of outcrop indicates that the coal
HARTSHOBFE COALS. 57

bed exists in sufficient size to make it of economic value. In a part 

of the district, notably that immediately east of the towns of Montreal 

and Midland, there is an upper coal bed from 40 to 60 feet above the 

Hartshorne coal, which probably corresponds with the upper Hartshome coal reported from many points in Indian Territory. Where 

noted in Arkansas the upper Hartshorne coal is invariably an impure, 

dirty bed, broken by many shale partings, and is probably nowhere 

of economic value. The lower coal bed varies in thickness from a 

minimum, of about 2 feet to a maximum of not less than 7 feet. Its 

floor is usually only a short distance above the hard beds of the 

Hartshorne sandstone, but its roof is variable. Although it generally 

consists of shale, a heavy lens of hard, often cross-bedded, sandstone, 

having a maximum thickness of 60 feet, overlies the coal bed for 

several miles at Montreal and Burma. In the northwestern part of 

the district the bed is without partings and is from 2 to 3£ feet thick.

In the southeastern part it increases in size, at places, to 6 or 7 feet, 

and is divided by one or more partings of shale. As a general rille 

chemical analyses show that the coal is of better quality in the western 

than in the eastern part of the district.

The coal bed has been opened in a number of mines, small slopes, 

and strip pits along the whole line of outcrop described, and'in some 

localities the workings have extended back for as much as 1$ miles. 

Beyond the data obtained by these workings, however, the only 

information as to the character of the coal is that derived from a few 

scattering drill holes. While it can not be said that the whole 

district has been prospected sufficiently to prove that it is all underlain by valuable deposits of coal, the evidence at hand seems to indicate that the greater part is valuable coal land. The maximum 

depths of the coal below the surface will be found beneath Sugarloaf 

and Poteau mountains, where the depth is from 1,400 to 2,500 feet. 

On the lower lands surrounding Sugarloaf Mountain the coal probably 

does not lie at a greater depth than 900 feet at any point, while its 

average depth probably, does not exceed 600 feet, as indicated by 

the distribution of formations shown on the geologic map (PL VI). 

The various mines and openings at which the coal has been examined 

may be best described in order following the lines of outcrop.

Hackett region. On the outcrop lines south of Backbone Ridge 

coal has been mined at many small openings between Hackett and 

Greenwood and from several larger mines east of Greenwood. . The 

Midland Valley Railroad was located and built as neaT as possible 

to this line of outcrop in order to facilitate the marketing of the coal. 

The thickness of bed, partings, and benches, together with their 

10616 Bull. 326 07 5
58 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

variations, are shown in the series of graphic sections, fig., 18, from 

which it will be seen that the coal bed at the State line consists of 

one bench of good coal without partings, having a thickness of 3^ feet. 

This general condition of the bed holds to within a mile of the town 

of Greenwood, east of which the bed thickens rapidly and is divided 

into two or more benches by shale partings.

Samples and analyses of the coal mined in the vicinity of Hackett 

and Excelsior indicate that for about 8 miles along this outcrop line 

the coal is unusually free from ash and other impurities and that its 

efficiency must be comparatively very high. In this respect it 

resembles the coals mined near Montreal and Midland, described 

later. From Hackett to Excelsior the bed is without partings, and 

varies in thickness from 2 to 3J feet.

tofeet

FIG. 18. Graphic sections of coal showing variations along outcrop from Hackett cast through Greenwood and Fidelity. A, Hackett City Smokeless Coal Company mine, sec. 21,T. C N., R. 32 W.; B, Bates 

and Me Williams mine, sec. 23, T. 6 N., R. 31 W.; C, Skinner mine, sec. 17., T. 6 N., R. 31 W.; D, Greenwood .Coal and Lumber Company mine, sec. 12, T. G N., R. 31 W.; E, Banner mine, Fidelity Coal Company, sec. 6, T. 0 N., R. 30 W.; F, section at old McConnell pit, sec. 32, T. 7 N., R. 30 W., as given in 

Ann. Rept. GeoL.Survey Arkansas, 1888, vol. 3, p. 16; G, drillhole, sec. 14, T. 7 N., R. 30 W.

The floor is a sandy shale with a hard sandstone a short distance 

below. The roof generally is a hard shale, which stands well, but in 

some of the mines there is a varying amount of draw slate above 

the coal.

Although indistinct joints that form face and butt slips in the coal 

can be recognized in nearly every mine, advantage is not taken of 

them in mining. The-coal generally has a bright, live luster and 

a somewhat granular fracture. Coal was at one time extensively 

mined near the town of Hackett by the Central Coal and Coke Company, but the works there are said to have been abandoned on account 

of bad roof. The Smokeless Coal Company, of Hackett, recently 

opened a. new mine about fealf a mile west of the town, and though
HAETSHOENE COALS. ' 59

it is reported that 6 or 8 inches of draw slate occurs above the bed 

no difficulty is experienced with the roof. There are also two or 

three small mines in operation near Excelsior, and several old slopes 

and strip pits at other points. Many of these mines are small and 

are worked by undercutting with tlie pick.

Greenwood region. In several mines east of Greenwood the character of the coal bed differs from that seen in mines near Hackett, 

the bed being very much thicker but divided by shale partings, as 

shown in fig. 18. Analyses of the coal show a much higher percentage of ash than that contained in the coal of the smaller bed 

at Hackett. In the mine of the Greenwood Coal and Lumber Company, in sec. 12, T. 6 N.,R.31 W.,the coal has a maximum thickness 

of 7 feet, with a parting of shale near the center which varies in thickness from a fraction of an inch to 6 inches. Two miles farther east, 

at the Fidelity Fuel Company's mine, the bed is nearly 6 feet thick

with a large shale parting in the upper half.

East of the mine of the Fidelity Fuel Company no operations 

are now in progress on this bed. It was formerly worked about 1 

mile farther east, at an opening known as McConnelPs, which is at 

present abandoned. The section measured here by the geologists of 

the Arkansas Survey gives only 33 inches of coal, with a shale parting 

near the top. Beyond this no measurements have been made on the 

outcrop of the coal, though it has been occasionally seen in wells 

and other accidental exposures. Near Auburn it is reported to have 

a thickness of 18 inches. A diamond-drill hole in. sec. 14, T. 7 N., 

R. 30 W., 3 miles north of Auburn, showed that this coal bed was 

there 33 inches thick, 9 inches of which was reported as bone. East 

of this point the coal is not exposed for many miles, and no measurements have been made.

In all of the mines and openings noted the floor of the coal is 

only a few inches above a bed of hard sandstone, the upper member 

of the Hartshorne formation. The roof is invariably sandy shale.

On the outcrop line which follows Devils Backbone Ridge, southeast of Greenwood, small exposures have been found at points several miles east of Greenwood, the positions of which are shown on 

the geologic map. No coal has been produced at any of these 

points, nor have the coal beds been opened sufficiently to permit 

accurate measurements. The inclosing rocks here are tilted at a 

high angle, in some places are slightly overturned and probably 

sheared, so that the coal bed is probably more or less crushed. 

Small amounts of coal have been obtained from a strip pit in sec. 18, 

T. 6 N., R. 30 W., at a point where Vache Grasse Creek cuts across 

Backbone Ridge, but the workings have all been abandoned, and it 

was impossible to learn the exact thickness of the coal or the detail 

of its section,
60 ' THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Montreal, Burma, and Midland regions. Along the outcrop line 

running southwest from Greenwood to Montreal and Midland the 

coal bed, as far as known, is without partings, and the quality of the 

coal resembles that at Hackett. Most of the development is to be 

found near Midland, about 10 miles southwest of Greenwood, though 

the general character of the bed and quality of the coal through a 

large area seem to be practically uniform, as shown by the graphic 

sections presented in fig. 19 and by the table of analyses.

About 2 miles southwest of the town of Greenwood coal has been 

mined recently from a small slope on sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 31 W. At 

this point the coal dips northward at an angle of about 15° and has a 

thickness of 24 to 30 inches, without partings. The same bed of coal 

is opened again at the Moran mine, a slope on sec. 8, T. 5 N., R. 31 

W., where it has a thickness of 40 inches without partings. South 

of this point there are many openings, both new and old, and it is

.ipfeet

FIG. 19. Graphic sections showing variations of coal bed and roof along outcrop in Montreal, Burma, 

and Midland regions. A, Slope on sec. 21,T. 6 N., R. 31 W.; B, Moran mine, sec. 8, T. 5 N., R. 31 W.: 

C, Irbymine, sec7.,T. 5 N.,R. 31 W.; D, Banner Coal Company, sec. 19, T. 5 N., R. 31 W.; E, Penman 

Coal Company, sec. 19, T. 5 N., R. 31 W.; F, Turnipseed mine, sec. 20, T. 5 N., R. 31 W.; G, strip pit on

sec. 21, T. 5 N., R. 31 W.

usually not difficult to trace the line of outcrop, although it is obscured 

by an overlying lens of sandstone that resembles in all respects the 

Hartshorne sandstone and has a maximum thickness of 60 feet. In 

general the exposures show from 2 to 4 feet of coal without partings. 

The coal bed dips at angles varying from 1° to 15°, but it seems to be 

invariably true that where the dip is high at the outcrop it rapidly 

decreases and the coal bed flattens out in depth.

A rather unexpected variation, locally described as a fault, occurs 

near the center of sec. 20, T. 5 N., R. 31 W., in the entry to a small 

slope mine where the coal, which in the mine has a thickness of over 

3 feet, very suddenly changes in character and beds of shale abruptly 

take its place, the shale fingering in with lenses of coal. East of this 

place for a distance of about 1 mile the bed, as exposed by prospecting along the outcrop, consists for the most part of shale and bone,
HAKTSHORNE COALS. 61

but contains very little good coal. The coal is of good quality again 

in a strip pit near the south line of sec. 21, T. 5 N., K. 31 W., from 

which point it has been traced eastward to Huntington. In this distance the bed changes rapidly, becoming very much thicker and 

being divided by several partings.

In the vicinity of Midland and Burma an upper bed of coal, corresponding to the upper Hartshorne coal of Indian Territory, is indicated by drill records. This bed averages 60 feet above the lower 

one. It has a maximum thickness of approximately 5 feet, but is 

generally shaly or bony, and is described as a "dirty vein." It is 

not mined anywhere in Arkansas, though it may be found to be of 

some importance toward the Indian Territory line.

Huntington region. The coal bed in the Huntington basin resembles that at Greenwood. Although characterized by great thickness 

it is divided by shale 

partings, and chemical 

analyses of the merchantable coal show that it 

contains a rather high 

percentage of ash. 'This 

character of the bed continues southwest along 

the outcrop nearly to 

Hartford, where the bed 

is not divided. East of 

Hartford, on the outcrop 

that lies south of the 

Hartford anticline, the 

bed becomes so much 

divided -by partings as to 

be of little value.

The variations in the 

bed along the outcrop 

from Huntington to Hartford and then eastward 

along the southern outcrop are shown graphically in fig. 20. From 

the center of sec. 22, T. 5 N., R. 31 W., the coal has been stripped 

almost continuously along the outcrop for 2£ miles to the town of 

Huntington, where the outcrop and accompanying strip pit swing 

around a half circle to the south and then extend southeastward 

toward Hartford. There are two large mines operated from shafts as 

well as these strip pits in the synclinal basin near Huntington. The 

coal is in three benches separated by thin shale partings.

For several miles southeast of Huntington the coal is not mined 

though the position of the outcrop has been determined by prospecting. 

It is mined again, however, in sec. 32, T. 5 N., R. 31 W., where the

FIG. 20. Graphic sections of coal bed along, outcrop from 

Huntington through Hartford to the Chasteen slope. A, 

Mine No. 2, Central Coal and Coke Co., sec. 26, T. 5 N., R. 3L 

W.; B, Mammoth vein mine, sec. 1,T. 4N., R. 32 E.; C.Bolen 

and Darnall mine, sec. 10, T. 5N., R. 32 E.; D, Patterson 

Coal Company mine No. 1, sec. 14, T. 4 N., R. 32 W.; E, Chasteen pit, sec. 18, T. 4 N., R. 31 W.
62 THE AEKANSAS COAL FIELD.

bed known as the Mammoth vein is over 8 feet thick, including a 

parting of several inches of shale near its center. At the town of 

Hartford, in sec. 10, T. 4 N., R. 32 W., the coal is worked in a number 

of small slopes and in two large ones. It consists here of a single 

bench of coal about 3J feet thick. From this point the coal outcrop 

swings eastward around the western end of the Hartford anticline 

and the coal is again mined in sees. 13 and 14, T. 4 N., R. 32 W. The 

coal bed here resembles the Huntington coal in that it consists of 

several benches of coal with partings between. East of this point 

there are no active mines. Although the coal has been prospected 

here, it is common report that the bed is separated into many 

benches. At the Chasteen mine, in sec. 18, T. 4 N., R. 31 W., it is very 

much divided and contains no bench over 2^ feet thick, though the 

total thickness of the bed is near 8 feet. East of this point no measurements have been made, though the outcrop of the coal has been 

traced for a number of miles.

Depths to ike coal. The coal dips westward at a low angle from the 

line of outcrop from Greenwood to Burma, but probably does not 

reach a depth of more than 800 feet below the surface at any point. 

The synclinal trough in which the town of Huntington is situated 

extends westward to the State line and includes Sugarloaf Mountains. 

For several miles west from Huntington the coal lies within 400 feet of 

the surface. It reaches its greatest depth in Sugarloaf Mountains, 

where it can probably all be reached by tunnels or slopes and should 

not be regarded as inaccessible. The anticline on which the town of 

Hartford is situated also extends southwestward to the ArkansasIndian Territory boundary and along it the coal is all near the surface. 

Drill holes which have been sunk near the boundary line indicate that 

the greatest depth on this anticline at the boundary will not exceed 

800 feet. South of the Hartford anticline the coal dips at a rather 

high angle and passes under Poteau Mountain. Some of the coal here 

is probably scarcely fit for mining on account of the divided condition 

of the coal bed, but further prospecting will no doubt develop a large 

area of coal land worthy of attention in this region also. The variations in the quality of the coal from the different mines of this district 

is indicated by the analyses in the table on pages 96-97.

BATES AND COALDALE DISTRICT.

The coal bed which dips southward from Hartford and passes under 

Poteau and Whiteoak mountains comes to the surface again in a line 

of outcrop parallel with the south flank of Poteau Mountain, where it 

has been traced from the Indian Territory line eastward for a distance 

of about 20 miles. It is continuous with the outcrop of coal beds 

mined in Indian Territory. Two analyses from samples taken at the 

Seymour mine near Bates indicate that the coal is distinctly bituminous in character and lower in the scale of classification than the other
HARTSHORNE COALS. 63

" coals of the Arkansas field. The workings at Coaldale near the State 

line were not examined, but section A of the bed given in fig. 21 was 

reported by the operator. The bed here consists of over 7 feet of 

coal divided by a parting of shale. Three miles east of the State 

line, in sec. 21, T. 3 N., R. 32 W., the coal bed is divided into three 

benches and contains an aggregate of 8 feet of coal. Mining is done 

only in the largest bench, which is 4 feet thick. Nine miles farther 

east the coal bed still has a thickness of 5 or 6 feet, but is divided into 

many small benches, the largest of which is only 12 inches thick, and 

it is not probable that the coal can be successfully mined in this 

locality, though it is possible that the lower part of the bed was not all 

exposed. Croppings of 

this bed have been observed for about 2 miles 

farther east, but it has

nowhere been opened so 

that a section could be 

measured, nor have any 

reports indicating a workable coal bed been received. These variations 

are shown by the graphic 

sections presented in fig. 

21. The portion of the 

coal field that extends 

eastward from Lookout 

Gap and underlies Whiteoak Mountain was not 

examined, owing to the 

short time available for 

field work. Although the 

Hartshorne horizon is 

known to extend over a 

considerable area here, 

the facts presented indicate that the coal bed is probably divided and of little value. Both 

north and south of Poteau Mountain the coal dips at a high angle 

and the rocks maintain this dip well toward the center of the basin, 

indicating that the coal there is very deep. It is probable, however, 

that all of the coal can be mined from slopes entering the basin from 

the north and south sides.

CHARLESTON AND PARIS DISTRICT.

The Hartshorne coal has not been opened nor has the thickness of 

the bed been measured on the outcrop east of Auburn for a distance 

of about 35 miles, to what will be described as the Prairie View district. This unexplored region includes the towns of Charleston and 

Paris, near which coals of higher horizons are mined. The horizon

05_____________ipfeet

FIG. 21. Characteristic sections of coal bed on outcrop south 

of Poteau Mountain. A, Witte Coal Company mine, sec. 19, 

T. 3 N., R. 32 W.; B, Seymour mine, sec. 21, T. 3 N., R. 32 

W.; C, prospect hole in sec. 21, T. 3 N., R. 32 W.; D, Davidson slope, sec. 1C, T. 3 N., R. 32 W., upper part of bed 

probably omitted; E, prospect hole in sec. 1, T. 3 N., R. 

31 W.
64 THE AEKANSAS COAL FIELD.

of the Hartshorne coal outcrops through the whole length of this* 

region along the north base of Devils Backbone Ridge and its eastern 

extension, Pine Ridge. It also outcrops near the southern base of Mill 

Creek Ridge, on Grand Prairie, which extends from the Arkansas 

River at the mouth of Vache Grasse Creek eastward to Roseville. 

Along the southern outcrop line the presence of the bed is occasionally 

indicated by coal smut, but it is nowhere so exposed that its thickness 

can be measured, and the natural conclusion to be drawn is that along 

this line the bed is thin and of no economic value.

Along the northern outcrop, on Grand Prairie, no exposures of 

coal were seen by members of our party. There are some indications 

of a fault along the north side of this prairie, and it is possible that 

the coal horizon does not reach the surface, though it can not be at a 

very great depth. In the preliminary report of the Arkansas State 

Survey it is noted that coal occurs near the town of Vesta, probably 

at the Hartshorne horizon. This coal has been found in several 

wells near that place, but present information regarding it is no more 

advanced than that given by the State Survey. So far as known 

this coal'bed has never been opened or accurately measured. Coal 

has been reported in a few shallow wells that penetrate the sandstone 

mantling Mill Creek Ridge near the town of Sub Rosa. If these 

reports are true this may possibly be the Hartshorne bed, though 

the stratigraphic evidence seems to locate it in the Hartshorne sandstone at a short distance below the general coal horizon.

The Hartshorne coal has been penetrated by diamond drills 3 

miles northwest of Charleston, where it is approximately 2 feet thick 

and has a shale parting. East of this point the coal bed would be 

found at a depth usually exceeding-400 feet. At the base of Potato 

Hill and also at Paris its depth is estimated to be approximately 

1,000 feet;> while at Charleston it can probably be reached at from 

800 to 900 feet. Between the towns of Branch and Caulksville 

there is an anticlinal flexure which probably brings the Hartshorne 

coal horizon within 300 or 400 feet of the surface. Although a certain 

amount of drilling has been done near Charleston and also near Paris, 

it is probable that none of the wells have reached a sufficient depth 

to find the Hartshorne coal.

South of Prairie View the Hartshorne sandstone is brought to the 

surface in an anticlinal flexure, along the axis of which there is a profound fault, as has been shown. A coal bed, presumably the Hartshorne, outcrops north of this anticline, and its extent has been 

partly determined by a number of drill holes, though the western 

boundary of the workable coal area can not be regarded as determined. South of the Prairie View anticline the Hartshorne horizon 

is present in a narrow syncline between it and Pine Ridge. No 

outcrop of the coal has been discovered here, though the bed has 

been penetrated by drill holes which indicate a thickness less than 18
HABTSHOENE COALS. 65

inches. A coal bed about 400 feet below the Hartshorne sandstone 

outcrops at a number of places south of Pine Ridge and has in some 

localities been mistaken for the Hartshorne coal. It has been worked 

in strip pits in sec. 20, T. 7 N., B,. 24 W.,. south of Ellsworth, but 

prospecting has not shown that the coal is of commercial value.

Coal of the Hartshorne horizon is also mined in the Denning and 

Coal Hill district, from which the coal bed dips southward at a rather 

low angle toward the Paris syncline. Drill records here indicate that 

the coal bed thins rapidly south of Denning, although its southern 

limit was not reached.

From the above facts it will be seen that the Hartshorne coal 

underlies a large area, about 15 miles wide, extending from Auburn 

eastward to Prairie View, in which the thickness and value of the coal 

has not been determined.. The outcrops along the north and south 

sides of this area reveal no coal of commercial importance, but in 

view of the great local variation that may be expected in the Hartshorne coal further prospecting by deep drilling is fully warranted. 

The coal horizon can certainly be reached by a series of drill holes 

less than 400 feet deep on Grand Prairie along the northern edge of 

the basin and also in the center of the Caulksville anticline. The 

beds are so highly tilted and the structure so broken along the southern edge of the basin that the coal there would probably be of little 

value if found.

VAN BUREN AND ALMA DISTRICT.

Much that has been said in regard to the Charleston and Paris district can well be repeated in regard to the region north of the river in 

the vicinity of Van Buren and Alma. It is a district that has not been 

thoroughly prospected, though stratigraphic investigations show that 

it is underlain by the Hartshorne coal.

The coal outcrops at several places in the vicinity of Mulberry, 

where there is a small coal bed at a horizon very close to if not identical with that of the Hartshorne coal, which is usually overlain by 

20 or 30 feet of sandstone and sandy shale that lies near the base of 

the Spadra formation. West, of Mulberry the coal horizon is at a 

greater depth and does not outcrop, since at the northern edge of the 

field it is cut off by a fault north of which the Winslow sandstone is 

exposed. The depth of the Hartshorne horizon could not be estimated closely on account of the very obscure stratigraphic evidence, 

much of the surface being covered with deposits of gravel and sand.

A small coal bed found near Alma and Van Buren is provisionally 

correlated with the Charleston coal, which is about 800 feet above the 

Hartshorne horizon. What is probably the Hartshorne bed has been 

reached in a drill hole near Alma at a depth of 700 feet. It is reported 

to be 9 inches thick and overlies a sandstone 150 feet thick, provisionally 

correlated with the Hartshorne. A small coal bed which may also
66 THE ABKANSAS COAL FIELD.

correspond with the Hartshorne coal was formerly mined at the Hendricks pit, in sec. 16, T. 9 N., R. 31 W., 2 miles northeast of Van 

Buren. a This coal bed is said to be 2 feet thick. It overlies a hard, 

massive sandstone which is possibly equivalent to the Hartshorne. 

A coal bed is also reported in a number of wells in Van Buren which 

can not be definitely correlated with that south of the river from the 

stratigraphic evidence available, but probably corresponds very 

nearly with the Charleston coal. If this interpretation of the stratigraphy is correct, it necessitates the presence of a fault with a displacement of about 800 feet between the coal 2 miles northeast of Van 

Buren and that just mentioned. None of these coal beds have been 

found to be of sufficient size to warrant sj^stematic development.

COAL HILL AND DENNING DISTRICT.

The Coal Hill and Denning district lies north of the Arkansas, 

between the river and the main line of the Iron Mountain Railway, 

about 40 miles east of the Indian Territory line. Its general outline 

and structure are shown in fig. 22. Along its north side the coal is cut 

off by a fault extending from Denning to a point a few miles eastpf Coal 

Hill, north of which the underlying rocks are raised. Half a mile 

south of this fault there is an anticlinal axis extending east and west 

through the district, in the center of which the underlying barren 

rocks are exposed south of Coal Hill. Near Denning the anticline 

pitches below the surface and the coal bed is continuous across it. 

South of Altus/; at the west end of the Coal Hill fault, the coal bed 

approaches the surface, as indicated by drill records, and the Hartshorne sandstone rises and mantles Altus Hill.

A few miles west of Altus there is a smaller basin of coal land, 

including possibly 1 square mile, resting on this sandstone. The 

southern limb of the Coal Hill anticline, about 2 miles south of Coal 

Hill, is thrown down by the Spadra fault, so that the coal does not 

reach the surface.

Coal has been mined almost continuously from Coal Hill to Denning and southeastward from Denning around the southern limb of 

the anticline for several miles. The coal ranges in thickness from 1 to 

5 feet, and the bed is usually characterized by a parting of shale or 

clay near the center, which varies greatly within short distances, 

being so thick in a number of places as to render the bed of no value.

Generally the parting thickens along the northern edge of the field, 

so that the underground workings have been stopped before they 

reach the fault. One of the first shafts sunk here fpr mining purposes 

found the jparting over 4 feet in thickness and was abandoned for 

mining purposes, though it is still used as a pump shaft to drain one

a Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, 1888, vol. 3, p. 21.
HAETSHOBNE COALS. 67

of the mines farther south. South of the anticline coal has been 

mined near the outcrop, but beyond hah2 a mile from the outcrop it is 

known only by rather meager drill records. These indicate that the 

bed becomes thin and of little value before the river is reached. Very 

little prospecting for this coal has been done at any distance south of 

the Coal Hill anticline, though its presence at a considerable depth

500ft

Sea level

500ft

FIG. 22. Map showing structure of Coal Hill-Denning district. Underground contour interval 100 

feet. Diagrammatic profiles of land surface and coal bed along lines A-B and C-D; horizontal scale, 

1 inch=3 miles; vertical scale, 1 inch=3,000 feet.

has been demonstrated by drilling, and it is reported that the parting 

is so thick as to preclude the possibility of successful mining. This 

coal bed probably extends eastward south of Hartman and is identical with that mined at Spadra, but for several miles the prospecting 

has not been sufficient to determine its quality and it.does not outcrop at the surface. It will be found at a depth of several hundred 

feet and will doubtless present a number of difficulties for mining,
68 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

since it is below the flood plain of Arkansas River and the iiard rocks 

are overlain by thick alluvial deposits.

Variations in the thickness of the coal and its partings in the Coal 

Hill district are shown graphically in fig. 23. The coal is semibituminous, as is shown by chemical analyses. It has a bright luster 

and is somewhat harder,than that mined at the west end of the field.

Coal is mined for local trade from a number of small slopes in 

the small outlying basin west of Altus, in sec. 17, T. 9 N., R. 26 W. 

Here there are two coal beds, the lower averaging 2 feet and the 

upper 10 inches thick, with 18 feet of sandy shale between them. 

These two beds are regarded as equivalent to the two benches of 

the Denning coal bed with an excessive thickness for the parting. 

The coal resembles that of the Denning bed, though, being shallow, it

10 feet

FIG. 23. Graphic sections of coal at Denning, showing variations of the parting as revealed by drill 

records and other openings. A, Drill hole in NW. £ sec. 34, T. 9 N., R. 20 W.; B, drill hole in SW. 

£ sec. 27, T. 9 N., R. 26 W.; C, drill hole in NW. J sec. 27 (average section of the bed as reported by 

Western Coal and Mining Co.); D, drill hole in NW. J sec. 26, T.9 N., R. 26 W.; E, drill hole near 

pump shaft in SW. J sec. 23, T. 9 N., R. 26 W.; F, drill hole in SE. J sec. 23, T. 9 N., R. 26 W.; G, drill 

hole near old Stiewell slope, sec. 20, T. 9 N., R. 25 W.

is affected by weathering and the joints are iron stained. Chemically 

it has a much lower percentage of sulphur.

A similar coal bed, with a parting more than 12 feet thick, is indicated by outcrops of coal smut on the south side of the river about 2 

miles west of this basin in sec. 23 of the same township. No coal has 

been mined here. The outcrop probably indicates a small shallow 

basin of coal of the Hartshorne horizon resting on the Ha'rtshorne 

sandstone.

SPADRA DISTRICT.

This district is also north of Arkansas River and its center is about 

10 miles east of Coal Hill. It takes its name from the town of Spadra,
HAKTSHORNE COALS. 69

near which the coal bed outcrops and where the first developments 

were made. The coal differs slightly from that at Denning, in that it 

is considerably harder and of higher grade chemically. It is mined 

almost exclusively for domestic use and sold as semianthracite or 

Arkansas anthracite coal. The coal is somewhat thinner than at 

Coal Hill and Denning, though it is regarded as a continuation of the 

same bed, and it presents similar, irregularities.

The structure of the Spadra field (fig. 24) is complicated, and its 

interpretation is made difficult by extensive deposits of sand and

R. 24 W. R.23 W. R.82 W.

T.ION.

FIG. 24. Map of Spadra and Prairie View coal fields, showing the nature of the deformation and faulting 

of the coal bed. 'Underground contour interval, 100 feet. Profiles of land surface and coal bed along 

line A-B. Vertical scale, 1 inch=4,000 feet. Horizontal scale, 1 inch=4 miles. Elevation of river 

at average stages, 300 to 320 feet.

gravel, which conceal a large part of the surface. It has been prospected by many companies and individuals, and though numerousdrill holes have penetrated the coal horizon it has been impossible to 

assemble all of the information that has been obtained, since some of 

the records have been lost and others probably withheld. The available information, however, is sufficient to show that the continuity of 

the coal bed is broken by several faults of normal type that strike 

approximately east and west with downthrows generally to the south. 

Only one of these has been encountered in the mine workings, and its
70 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

extension conclusively demonstrated by drill holes. The others are 

indicated by stratigraphic evidence. The best known of these 

faults was first encountered 2 miles northwest of Spadra in one of 

the mines of the Eureka Coal Company, from which point it extends 

west-northwest nearly to the town of Hartman, where it turns a little 

south of west and continues to the center of the Coal Hill field.

Another fault, trending nearly east and west, marks approximately 

the southern limit of present mining operations. It is parallel with 

and a short distance north of Spadra Hill, a long ridge capped \yy flatlying sandstone south of Spadra, and its east end is a few hundred 

yards north of the branch railroad at the south base of Big Danger 

Hill, in sec. 23, T. 9 N., R. 23 W., where its position is indicated by 

conclusive stratigraphic evidence. The displacement at the mouth 

of Spadra Creek is at least 200 feet. A small fault, which differs from 

those described in that the downthrow is to the north, lies north of the 

western part of the Spadra field, bringing in a small area of Spadra 

coal at the old Alien slope in sec. 18, T. 9 N., R. 24 W.

Another fault, which marks the northern boundary of the coal field 

northwest of Clarksville, occurs 3 miles north of Cabin Creek. The 

west end of this fault is probably north of Clarksville, from Avhich 

point it extends eastward for about 15 miles. North of this fault the 

barren rocks below the coal horizon are exposed.

From. Spadra the coal bed extends northward for about 5 miles. It 

underlies the town of Clarksville at a depth of from 400 to 500 feet, 

and outcrops 1J miles northwest of Clarksville at a point noted by the 

Geological Survey of Arkansas as the Harkreader well,0 from which 

point the outcrop can not be traced eastward with certainty. Coal 

again occurs and has been mined at a point 2 miles northeast of 

Clarksville, in what is known as the Mason drift, sec. 27, T. 10 N., R. 

23 W. While it is probable that this coal is in the Hartshorne horizon, 

its characteristics are.quite different from those of the Spadra bed, as 

will be shown later. The Spadra bed is known to extend from Spadra 

and Clarksville eastward, where it underlies Big Danger Hill and the 

massive sandstone of which it is composed. It has been penetrated 

by drill holes west of Cabin Creek (Lamar) at a depth of 550 feet, and 

the same bed probably outcrops on sections 6 and 7,T. 9 N.,R.23 W., 

2 miles north of Cabin Creek.

The rather complicated structure of the coal field, as interpreted, is 

presented in the sketch map forming fig. 24, from which it will be seen 

 that"at the western limit of prospecting the coal bed is at a depth of 

400 feet and that its depth probably increases westward.

On account of the miners' strike it was impossible to obtain measurements of the coal at the extreme west end of the district, though 

the coal bed had been reached in one of the shafts. A number of

» Ann. Eept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, 188§, vol. 3, p. 24,
HAKTSHORFE COALS. 71

drill holes have been made in this part of the field, but the owners 

would furnish no information regarding the coal except its distance 

below the surface. The coal bed is exposed by outcrop at the old 

Alien slope, in sec. 18, T. 9 N., R. 24 W., and also in an unnamed 

slope on section 17 of the same township, both of which have been 

abandoned for many years. The Alien slope, however, was open at 

the time the field was examined by the geologists of the Arkansas 

Survey, who report that the coal bed measures 4 feet, including a 

thin parting near the center. Old residents say that the coal is 3 

feet thick at the slope in section 17, and the impression gained by conversation with mine owners and operators interested in the western 

part of the Spadra field is that approximately this thickness prevails 

over the entire west end of the field.

Coal mines are located at very short intervals from a point a short 

distance west of Montana' post:office eastward along the railroad

tofeet

FIG. 25. Sections showing thickness of the coal bed in the Spadra district and in the undeveloped field 

north of Lamar. A, Scranton Anthracite Co. mine, sec. 22, T. 9 N., R. 24 W.; B,Central Anthracite 

Co., sec. 22, T. 9 N., R. 24 W.; C, Eureka Anthracite Co., sec. 23, T. 9 N., R. 24 W.; D, Spadra Creek Coal 

Co., Ncedmore mine, sec. 23, T. 9 N., R. 24 W.; E, Consolidated Anthracite Coal Co., mine No. 1, 

sec. 24, T. 9 N., R. 23 W.; F, Brooks mine, Western Anthracite Coal Co., sec. 17, T. 9 N., R. 23 W.; 

G, prospect on sec. 7, T. 9 N., R. 22 W., north of Lamar.

for a distance of 6 or 7 miles. Nearly all of the openings are made 

by shafts that reach the coal at a depth of 200 feet or less. The average thickness of the coal is 2^ feet, including a small parting near 

the center of the bed. In general the coal dips to the north or northwest at a low angle, usually less than 3 per cent. The variations in 

the thickness of the coal bed and the position and size of the parting 

are shown in fig. 25.

The underground workings of the mines near Spadra extend for 

a maximum distance of 1 mile north from the main line of the Iron 

Mountain Railway, and two new mines have recently been opened 

near the southwest face of Big Danger Hill, about 2 miles northeast 

of Spadra. Although the records of much of the drilling that has been 

done north of these mines were not available, it is common report 

that in that direction the parting increases rapidly and makes, much
72 " THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

of the coal unfit for mining. A shaft about 1$ miles northwest of 

Clarksville, near the old Harkreader well, was sunk in 1906, but had 

not reached the coal at the time of our examination. The coal bed, 

however, outcrops a short distance to the southwest, where it shows 

a thickness of 18 to 24 inches without parting.

At all of the mines and openings described thus far the coal bed is 

overlain directly by shale. The coal bed at the old Mason slope, 

which has been correlated provisionally with the Spadra coal, is 

different, however, in that it is overlain by several feet of hard sandstone. Coal has been mined from a strip pit 1£ miles southeast of 

the Mason drift, probably from a somewhat higher bed, though the 

exact location of the old pit is obliterated, and it was impossible to 

determine its stratigraphic position. In view of the tendency of the 

coal bed at Denning to divide in areas farther north, it seems at least 

possible that the same tendency may appear in the Spadra field - 

that the parting increases rapidly northward, separating the Spadra 

coal into two beds. The Mason coal may therefore represent the 

lower bench of the Spadra bed.. The coal at the Mason slope is protected from erosion by the thin bed of sandstone which overlies it, 

and remnants of the coal bed have been found mantling the hill to 

the north at a number of places. Presumably it is the same bed that 

outcrops in a thickness of 15 inches on Dicks Branch, in sec. 10, 

T. 10 N., R. 23 W., 2 miles north of the Mason opening. It has been 

noted that the Spadra coal is believed to outcrop again northeast of 

Cabin Creek, where it has been opened at two points and seems to be 

sufficiently thick to warrant development. The section measured 

there is over 2 feet thick and is shown in fig. 25. From these openings the coal bed has been traced eastward and is correlated with 

two outcrops which are shown on the map near Piney Creek. At 

this point, however, the coal is of no value. It consists of 7 inches 

of coal overlying 2 feet of bony coal.

PRAIRIE VIEW DISTRICT.

This coal field lies on the south side of Arkansas River immediately 

south of the Spadra district. The presence of coal near the village 

of Prairie View has been known for many years and was noted in 

the report of the State Survey.0 Attempts to prospect the field 

and determine the extent of the coal land have been made only 

within the last few years, and large areas of land have been purchased or optioned by a company known as the Arkansas Anthracite 

Company, whose headquarters are at Little Rock.

In the examination of the field preparatory to the purchase of 

coal lands 37 drill holes were sunk to various depths, 13 of which 

reached the Hartshorne horizon and found workable coal. A number

, a Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, 1888, vol. 3, p. 25.
HARTSHOENE COALS. 73

of the holes were evidently not carried to depths sufficient to reach the 

horizon sought, while others showed that there are parts of the field 

in which the coal is too thin for exploitation. The greatest thickness 

of the Hartshorne coal reported is 5 feet and the least about 1 foot.

This field lies in a broad syncline having a general east-west axis. 

Its southern edge is along the Prairie View fault, and its northern 

edge, which is contiguous to the southern edge of the Spadra field, is 

along the Big Danger fault, both of which have been described. A 

large part of the land surface is covered with heavy deposits of sand 

and gravel, so that inferences drawn from bed-rock exposures are 

not of very great value. The structure of the field, as indicated by 

drill records and observations of outcrops, is shown in fig. 24.

Three analyses of coal from diamond-drill cores, obtained at different points in the field, published in the prospectus of the Arkansas 

Anthracite Company, are given in the table on page 88. The samples

i li.

lofeet

FIG. 20. Graphic sections showing approximate thickness of coal at various points in the Prairie View 

field. A, B, and C from northern part of field; D, E, F, G from southern part. A, SW. i SE. } sec. 5, 

T. 8 N., R. 24 W.; B, SW. \ NW. \ sec. 2, T. 8 N., R. 24 W.; C, NE. J SW. J sec. 31, T. 9 N., R. 23 W.; 

D, SE. i SE. 1 sec. 17, T. 8 N., R. 24 W.; E, SE. J SW. Jsec. 15, T. 8 N., R. 24 W.; F, NE. J sec. 23, T. 

8N., R. 24 W.; G, SW. J NE. J sec. 24, T. 8 N., R. 24 W.

appear to be fully representative of the beds, and the analyses, 

which seem to be reliable, indicate that the coal in the northern part 

of the field is semianthracite, like that of the Spadra district, while 

that of the southern part is semibituminous, like that at Coal Hill. 

This is a condition to be expected from the facts learned in other 

parts of the Arkansas field. In the northern part of this district the 

bed is divided into two benches, resembling in this respect the 

Spadra coal, but in the southern half no parting is reported. Several 

graphic sections of the bed, as reported by engineers of the coal 

company, are given in fig. 26.

The east and west limits of workable coal in the Prairie View field 

can not be regarded as determined by the prospecting which has been 

done. Along the southern edge of the field, however, the drill holes 

show a thickness of 14 inches in sec. 24, T. 8 N., R. 24 W., east 

of which no workable coal was found. That the bed pinches out 

10.616 Bull. 326 07 6
74 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

altogether farther east is indicated by prospecting near Knoxville in 

T. 8 N., R. 23 W., where several drill holes have passed through the 

Hartshorne horizon without finding any coal. In the western part 

of the district very few drill holes have been sunk to the coal horizon, 

and the inference made by the coal company that workable coal does 

not extend in that direction does not seem fully justified.

This district is undeveloped except for these drill holes, and no 

coal has been mined except for local use. The field is not accessible 

from any of the existing railroads^ but could be reached by an extension of the Arkansas Central road, which now terminates at Paris. 

The distance would be not more than 15 miles.

RUSSELLVILLE DISTRICT.

The Russellville district lies at the extreme eastern end of the coal 

field as at present recognized, and includes two small basins of coal 

land, known as the Ouita basin, a few miles north of Russellville, 

and the Shinn basin, a few miles south of that place. Between 

Knoxville and Russellville the Hartshorne sandstone comes to the 

surface and crosses Arkansas River in a slight anticlinal flexure, so 

that these basins are not connected with the Spadra and Prairie 

View basins, although the coal is in the same horizon. A few miles 

west of Russellville, in the vicinity of London, there is an area of 

land containing something over one and one-half townships which is 

underlain by Spadra shale and Hartshorne sandstone, and, as will 

be seen from the geologic map, the Ouita basin is a northeastern 

extension of this larger basin. The Shinn basin is not connected with 

the London basin, a belt of Hartshorne sandstone intervening between 

them.

Ouita lasin. The coal lands in the Ouita basin, which are partially 

worked out, are estimated to have covered an area of approximately 

2 square miles. Although the formation that carries the coal extends 

westward over the larger area of the London basin, coal has not been 

mined in that basin except in the area noted, and prospect wells 

a few miles farther west, near London, have revealed no coal. On 

the south side of the river opposite London, as much as 18 inches of 

coal have been found in a drill hole penetrating the Hartshorne 

horizon. The coal beds of Shinn and Ouita basins are evidently 

small remnants of a more extensive sheet of coal, which have been 

protected in, synclinal folds, while the greater part has been eroded. 

This coal bed probably thins rapidly toward the northwest and 

pinches out entirely in a few miles, though it probably was once 

continuous along the south side of the river. The northern, eastern, 

and southern boundaries of the Ouita basin are determined by the 

outcrops of the Hartshorne sandstone, which dips under the coal 

land from all these directions. The coal in this field does not at any
HAETSHOKNE COALS. 75

point lie very deep and has been mined from many small slopes, 

strip pits, and shafts which have now been abandoned and have 

caved in. Owing to the careless methods of mining probably much 

of the coal has been left in the ground and will be lost. Moreover, 

Illinois Bayou, a strong stream which heads in the Ozark Mountains, 

flows across the basin and has no doubt eroded a great deal of the 

shallow coal, so that much of the area included in the basin is not 

coal land.

The field includes one active mine as well as a number of small 

slopes and shafts that are occasionally worked for local supply. 

When it was examined all of the mines were shut down owing to the 

strike, and most of them were full of water, so that the coal bed was 

absolutely inaccessible. Although it was impossible to make measurements of the thickness of this coal bed, reports concerning it, 

believed to be reliable, indicate that the bed is without parting and

has an average thickness of 28 inches. The roof and floor are shale. 

As reported by the Geological Survey of Arkansas the coal is about 

26 inches thick and is overlain by 4 inches of bony or "wild" coal."

Sliinn basin. The Shinn basin lies about 2 miles south of Russellville and includes approximately 2 square miles of coal land. Like 

the Ouita basin, this is bounded on all sides by outcrops of Hartshorne 

sandstone. On the south side of the basin this bed rock dips at a 

very high angle and is in some places slightly overturned, indicating 

that the basin has considerable depth. Shafts sunk for mining 

purposes show that its maximum depth from the surface probably 

exceeds 600 feet. Coal has been mined along the northern. side of 

the basin for a great many years, where there are several abandoned 

slopes, but owing to the high pitch of the coal and its greater depth 

only a comparatively small amount of the area has been mined. The 

coal here is somewhat thicker than in the Ouita basin, ranging between 

40 and 46 inches, with an 8 to 10 inch parting. Two thin coal beds, 

which are not worked, are reported several feet below, and a bed of 

coal a foot- thick, lying above the main bed, has been passed through 

by some of the shafts. There are only three active mines in the 

basin, one of which has a shaft 480 feet deep and is the deepest coal 

mine in Arkansas.

The coals from both of these basins are classed as semianthracite. 

They command a somewhat higher price than the Spadra and other 

coals farther west, and are used almost exclusively for domestic 

purposes.

PHILPOTT DISTRICT.

The Philpott district lies in an isolated synclinal trough extending 

east and west through T. 10 N., Rs. 24, 25, and 26 W., north of the 

Coal Hill and Spadra fields. It includes a number of prospects and

a Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, 1888, vol. 3, p. 34.
76 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

small mines which were operated before the larger mines along the 

railroad were opened. The coal produced was softer than the Spadra 

coal, and for local use formerly commanded a better price, since it 

ignites and burns more freely. Analyses show that it is semibituminous and of about the same grade as that at Coal Hill and Denning. 

(See table, p. 98.)

Two beds of coal, separated by from 600 to 800 feet of shale and 

shaly sandstone, occur here. The lower of these, known as the 

Pickartz bed, from the old Pickartz mine, is correlated on stratigraphic evidence with the Hartshorne bed. The shale and sandstone 

above it represent the Spadra and a part of the Fort Smith formation, and the upper coal bed, known as the Philpott coal, is near the 

Charleston coal horizon.

The Pickartz mine is situated in sec. 24, T. 10 N., R. 26 W., and the 

horizon of the coal has been traced eastward for a distance of nearly 18 

miles, connecting with the coal which outcrops on Dicks Branch, sec. 

10, T. 10 N., JR. 23 W., and Minnow Creek, sec. 20, T. 10 N., R. 22 W. 

The position of this outcrop is shown on the geologic map, and from 

it the coal land extends northward in a synclinal trough 5 or 6 miles 

wide. The coal evidently passes under Mulberry Mountain, where 

the northern outcrop has not been determined. No mining has been 

done along this outcrop for many years.

The geologists of the Arkansas Survey reported the following section 

at the Pickartz mine:

Section of coal bed at Pickartz mine.

Inchos. 

Coal...................................................."................. 20 to 22

Shale................................................................... . i to 2

Coal .................................................................... 1 to 4

The coal exposed at Dicks Branch measures 15 inches and at 

Minnow Creek 14 inches. So far as known there has been very little 

prospecting by deep drills to determine the amount of coal contained 

in this basin, though such an investigation would seem to be warranted by the showings already made. The upper bed, on which the 

old Moomaw and Philpott mines were located, is described in connection with the coal of the Charleston horizon. .

OTHER LOCALITIES.

The most extensive and the best known areas in which the Hartshorne coal horizon occurs have now been .described, but this horizon 

has been noted at a few other localities, where the coal is probably 

not present in minable quantity. One of the largest of these areas 

underlies Magazine Mountain, in T. 6 N., Rs. 24 and 25 W. Another 

smaller area lies about 10 miles northeast of Magazine Mountain. 

Ne.bo and Spring mountains, probably also Petit Jean Mountain,
CHARLESTON COALS. 77

southeast of Russellville, and comparatively large areas north and 

east of Russellville, are capped with Hartshorne sandstone, but in 

all these the overlying rocks in which the coal is contained have 

probably been eroded away. In the region north of the district 

investigated there may be areas covered by Hartshorne sandstone 

and some of the overlying rocks, in which some Hartshorne coal 

may be found, but they are not known at present.

COALS OF THE COAL RIDGE OR CHARLESTON HORIZON.

The Fort Smith formation near its upper part contains one or more 

coal beds which have been mined for local supply at many places in 

the Arkansas field. These coals lie from 800 to 900 feet stratigraphically above the Hartshorne horizon and are nowhere more 

than 3 feet thick, generally being too thin for mining except from 

strip pits. Owing to the erosion of intervening areas it has been 

impossible to correlate these upper beds in different districts by 

continuous exposures, and though no individual coal bed at this

iofeet

FIG. 27. Characteristic sections of coal bed at Charleston horizon. A, Strip pit at Central, sec. 1, T. 7 

N., R. 29 W.; B, slope under Coal Ridge, sec. 20, T. 7 N., R. 29 W.; C, Carters slope near Charleston, 

sec. 17, T. 7 N., R. 28 W.; D, prospect in bank of Big Creek, sec. 19, T. 7 N., R. 27 W.; E, Moomaw 

shaft near Ozark, sec. 22, T. 10 N., R. 26 W.; F, Philpott shaft, sec. 20, T. 10 N., R. 25 W.

horizon was probably ever continuous over the whole Arkansas coal 

field, it is believed that they are all within 100 feet of the same 

horizon. Coals at this horizon have been mined locally near Fort 

Smith, Central, Charleston, Caulksville, Alma, and in the Philpott 

basin. Their outcrops have been seen in many other places. The 

area covered by rocks of this horizon is indicated on the geologic 

map, PI. VI. In general, the coal is of good quality and, as compared with Hartshorne coal, relatively free from ash, though on 

weathering it is often coated with white efflorescence. Graphic 

sections of coal beds of this horizon are shown in fig. 27.

CHARLESTON DISTRICT.

These coals are best exposed in the vicinity of Charleston, Franklin 

County, where the bed has been worked by stripping at many places 

indicated on the geologic map. In general, they have sandstone or 

sandy shale roofs and floors. The rocks overlying the coals contain 

at some places an abundance of fossil plants, which have already been 

described. (See report on paleobotany, pp. 24-31.) The coals are
78 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

best exposed and were first examined in the west end of Coal Ridge, 

in sec. 15, T. 7 N., R. 30 W., 2 miles north of Auburn, where they occur 

in a group of thin sandstones .with intervening sandy shale. The 

outcrops of the inclosing rocks form two ridges, known as Grand 

Ridge and Coal Ridge. The sandstone of Grand Ridge is estimated 

to be about 800 feet above the Hartshorne sandstone and 150 feet 

below the sandstone forming Coal Ridge, which is the upper bed of 

the Fort Smith formation. Coal has been mined here from a succession of small slopes on a bed about 100 feet below the sandstone 

forming Coal Ridge. It has a thickness of 18 inches without partings. An analysis of a sample (U. S. G. S. No. 13) taken at this horizon is given in the table (p. 98). About 60 feet above the bed mined 

there is a smaller bed, which is of no importance here but is probably 

of greater thickness elsewhere, and it is probably true that some of 

the many outcrops near Charleston represent this small upper bed, 

while others represent the lower.

In sec. 27, T. 6 N., R. 30 W., about 1 mile south of Auburn', an 

old strip pit, which was full of water at the time of examination, 

probably represents the upper one of these two beds. The coal here 

shows a tendency to break into cubical blocks and is coated with 

a white efflorescence. Its thickness was not measured, but the 

coal has been mined for local purposes for many years, and the 

opening is mentioned in the report of the Arkansas State Survey 

under the name Bean pit. Coal has also been obtained in the bed 

of Big Creek from an opening called the Langston pit, 1 mile south 

of the Bean pit, but the locality was not examined. The bed worked 

here probably corresponds with that mined at Coal Ridge north of 

Auburn.

East and north of Charleston there,, are many openings on one or 

the other of these beds, which will not require description in detail, 

their positions being shown on the geologic map. It is probable 

that there are still some large areas of land which can be mined by 

stripping in the region, but the topographic maps at hand and the 

time available for the work were not sufficient to define them. Two 

miles east of Charleston, on the Carter place, there is a new slope 

from which more or less coal is taken every year. It was full of 

water when examined, but the coal is reported to be 3 feet thick.

The same coal is probably represented in an old pit on sec. 3, T. 7 

N., R. 27 W., 1 mile east of the town of Caulksville, where it is reported 

to be onlv 13 or 14 inches thick.

BONANZA AND JENNY LIND DISTRICT.

Coal of the same horizon outcrops at a number of places between 

Charleston and Fort Smith, the best known of which is on sec. 1, T. 7 

N., R. 31 W., near Central, where there are several strip pits, small 

shafts, and slopes. The bed has a thickness of about 20 inches
CHARLESTON COALS. 79

without parting. The coal has a cubical fracture, and after mining becomes coated with a white efflorescence. The same coal has been 

penetrated by wells at a number of points in the region southwest of 

Central, and has been mined from strip pits at Little Vache Grasse 

Creek and probably at other points.

The coal a't the old Herman mine, in sec. 1, T. 8 N., R. 22 W., near 

Fort Smith, is probably also at this horizon. It is said to have been 

worked before and during the civil war and is noted in the Arkansas 

Survey reports. When the old workings were examined only one 

exposure, revealing 10 inches of good coal overlain by 1 foot of 

"bony" coal, was found. The bed is contained in sandy shale 

resembling that near Charleston.

VAN BUREN AND ALMA DISTRICT.

Coal of probably the same horizon outcrops at several points on 

the north side of the river near Alma, the thickness of the bed nowhere exceeding 18 inches and averaging 9 or 10 inches. At the 

Sullivant pit, in sec. 13, T. 9 N., R. 31 W., the coal measures 13 

inches, and at the Graves pit in sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 30 W., it measures 

18 inches. Analyses of samples from these pits made by the Geological Survey of Arkansas (11 and 16 in table, p. 88) show that the coal 

is semibituminous. The same bed, perhaps, outcrops on Arkansas 

River at Moores Rock, in T. 8 N., R. 30'W., and it has probably also 

been found in wells at Van Buren. None of these openings expose 

a coal of workable thickness.

HUNTINGTON DISTRICT.

The same coal bad is probably exposed in Sugarloaf and Poteau 

mountains. It outcrops at the base of the Sugarloaf Mountains near 

the gap, O ,1. / where old excavations show that it has been opened, J. / thougho

no reports as to its thickness were obtained. The accidental exposures seen do not indicate that it is sufficiently thick to' be of commercial value. A bed which may correspond with this is exposed 

at the Noblet pit, in sec. 31, T. 4 N., R. 32 W., on Poteau Mountain, 

where it is reported .to consist of four thin benches aggregating 31 

inches.a

PARIS DISTRICT.

At Paris this horizon is from 200 to 400 feet below the surface, and 

its outcrops north and south of the Paris basin have not been seen. 

In the Prairie View region, however, a coal bed 9 or 10 inches thick 

at about the proper distance above the horizon of the Hartshorne 

coal has been examined at a number of localities, which are noted on 

the geologic map. In no place has it been found tp be of sufficient 

thickness to give it economic value under present conditions.

a Ann. Rept. Gcol. Survey Arkansas, vol. 3, 1888, p. 19.
80 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

SPADR'A DISTRICT.

A number of small coal beds, none of which are of economic importance and which correspond closely in stratigraphic position with the 

Charleston horizon, outcrop in the vicinity of Cabin Creek east of 

Clarksville. Although the detail of the stratigraphic succession of 

these beds has not been closely determined, they are regarded as 

corresponding approximately with the group of beds represented at 

Charleston.

PHILPOTT DISTRICT.

The bed mined at the old Philpott and Moomaw openings, in T. 10 

N., R. 26 W., also seems to correspond approximately in stratigraphic 

position with the Charleston bed, though the interval between it and 

the Hartshorne may be as small as 600 feet. This coal lies in a 

synclinal basin about 4 miles long by 2 miles"wide in which the rocks 

dip at low angles, and the coal is nowhere very deep/ At the Philpott 

slope, sec. 20, T. 10 N., R. 25 W., the'bed is from 18 to 22 inches 

thick, without partings, and a similar thickness is reported from 

other openings in the basin. The coal is semibituminous. Analyses 

of samples taken by the Arkansas Geological Survey indicate that 

it is comparatively low in ash and that it is chemically of a somewhat 

higher grade than the coal from the Pickartz bed. a Most of the 

product of one or two small mines is sold for domestic use at Ozark, 

to which place it is hauled by wagons. The eastern boundary of this 

basin has not been definitely determined, though the stratigraphy 

indicates that it can not extend far beyond the limit stated above.

Although the bed is comparatively than, it seems to be well adapted 

to "long wall" mining, which has not yet been attempted, and all 

the, coal contained will doubtless ultimately be available.

A similar small basin containing this coal doubtless underlies

Mulberry Mountain, a few miles farther north, where no coal has been 

mined and no investigations were made by the United States Geological 

Survey party.

COALS OF THE PARIS HORIZON.

The horizon of the Paris coal is from 1,000 to 1,200 feet above the 

Hartshorne horizon. Stratigraphically it is about midway between 

the top and the bottom of the Paris formation. At the type localitj7 

near Paris the coal bed is overlain by shaly sandstone and underlain 

by sandy shale. A few inches of draw slate generally lies above 

the coal and at places some fire clay lies between it and the sandy 

shale floor. The bed varies in thickness from 2 to nearly 3 feet where 

it is worked. Near Paris the outcrop of the bed has been traced 

around the margin of the basin in which Short Mountain and Little 

Short Mountain' are situated, as is shown by the geologic .map.

<* Ann. Rept. Gcol. Survey Arkansas, 1888, vol. 3, p. 43. . .
PARIS AND ATORA COALS. 81

The whole area underlain by this coal does not exceed 8 square miles, 

and in its western part the bed is probably too thin for mining. The 

coal has a bright luster and a rather indefinite cubical fracture. 

Chemically it is semibituminous and somewhat higher in hydrocarbon 

than the average Hartshorne coals in the same region. (See fig. 28, 

p. 85, and table of analyses; p. 98.) It is sold principally for domestic 

use. All the coal mined is hand picked or forked, the slack being 

left in the gob.

Outside of the Paris district this coal horizon is represented only in 

the vicinity of Potato Hill, where a coal bed provisionally correlated 

with it has been mined by stripping at several localities, though its 

thickness is not great enough at any opening to be of commercial 

importance. West of Potato Hill, in sec. 23, T. 6 N., R. 27 W., the coal 

is exposed in a strip pit which has been worked for local supply within 

the^last year. The pit was full of water when examined, so that the 

coal could not be measured, but its thickness is reported to be about 

14 inches. The same coal outcrops in several localities near Pine Hill, 

but it is not mined to any extent, and its thickness is not great enough 

to warrant development.

Except in these two areas the coal of this horizon has not been 

examined in Arkansas. It should outcrop in Sugarloaf, Poteau, and 

Magazine mountains, and it has probably been seen by prospectors 

and others in each of the two former localities, though it has not been 

reported from the latter. On stratigraphic and paleobotanic evidence 

it is provisionally correlated with the McAlester coal of Indian Territory. (See report on fossil plants, pp. 24-31.)

COALS IN THE ATOKA FORMATION.

Coal beds have been reported from many localities in the series of 

shales and sandstones underlying the Hartshorne, to which the name 

Atoka formation is applied. These lower coal beds are not continuous 

for any great distance and are thin, except in small areas. The 

investigation of the rocks below the Hartshorne horizon has been too 

limited and too unsystematic to enable the correlation of such coal 

beds with one another, and they will be described by localities without 

reference to horizons. In the western part of the field such coal has 

been reported at only one locality, in the center of the Backbone anticline, about 2 miles northeast of Hackett. The coal bed here lies 

between 500 and 1,000 feet below the Hartshorne sandstone and is 

not believed to be more than a few inches thick. Coal is also reported 

by the Geological Survey a of Arkansas in the neighborhood of 

Booneville, on Fletcher Creek, the locality being known as the Carlan 

drift. Although not examined, this coal is believed to be several hundred feet below the Hartshorne sandstone.

o Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, 1888, vol. 3, pp. 23, 59, and 80.
82 THE AEKANSAS COAL FIELD..

A small bed of coal which has been mined from strip pits for local 

use also outcrops on 'a bench on the north side of Rich Mountain 4 

miles southwest of Ellsworth, in T. 7 N., R. 24 W. It was impossible 

to make an examination of this coal bed, as the pit has not been 

worked for several years and had caved in. The coal here is estimated to be about 300 to 400 feet below the Hartshorne sandstone. 

What is believed to be the same bed of coal has been penetrated by 

two drill holes in the vicinity of Shoal Creek, in T. 7 N., R. 23 W. It 

is 400 feet below the Hartshorne coal horizon, and one of the wells 

shows that it is nearly 4 feet thick, but is divided by shale partings. 

Where penetrated by the other well this bed is somewhat thinner.

Coal beds of horizons below the Hartshorne outcrop at several 

localities south of Shinn basin, in the Russellville district. The rocks 

here strike approximately east and west and dip northward under 

Shinn basin at high angles. There is some evidence of a fault here, 

making it difficult to estimate the interval between these coals and 

the Hartshorne horizon. It is probable that two beds are represented 

here, one about 400, the other from 800 to 1,000 feet below the Hartshorne. Prospecting with diamond drills was in progress here during 

the summer of 1906, though at the time the region was visited no coal 

thick enough to work had been discovered.

In the region south and southeast of Dardanelle the same beds have 

been mined occasionally since the civil war. Some old excavations 

in sec. 35, T. 6 N., R. 21 W., north of Centerville, expose from 18 to 

20 inches of coal at the outcrop. Several drill holes which have been 

sunk on this bed indicate that it has a maximum thickness of a little 

less than 3 feet. The structure here indicates that this bed shou|d dip 

north into an extensive synclinal basin, and should crop out again a 

few miles south of Dardanelle. Its northern outcrop, however, has 

not been recognized. Near the center of this syncline a higher bed of 

coal has been discovered in one or two wells and is reported to have a 

thickness of 14 to 15 inches. These beds are estimated to be about 

400 feet and 800 feet, respectively, below the Hartshorne. What is 

probably the equivalent of the lower of these beds has been mined near 

Chickalah, south of Mount Nebo, and its occurrence west of Spring 

Mountain has been noted in the report of the Geological Survey of 

Arkansas, neither of which localities were examined. A thin coal 

that must also belong to one of the lower horizons has been reported 

near Atkins in T. 7 N., R. 18 W., and also'near Galla Rock in T. 6 N., 

R. 20 W.

A coal bed 1 foot thick in one of these lower horizons outcrops and 

has been mined in the NE. 1 sec. 24, T. 9 N., R. 26 W., in the Coal Hill 

district just north of the Coal Hill fault. This bed has been estimated 

to be about 100 feet below the base of the Hartshorne sandstone. 

Another similar bed 500 feet below the Hartshorne coal horizon has 

been penetrated by a drill hole in sec. 20, T. 9 N., R. 26 W., northwest
CHARACTER OF THE COAL. . 83

of Denning, where it is reported to be 5 feet thick. Between Altus 

and Ozark there are several outcrops of a coal bed less than 1 foot thick, 

which is probably near the same horizon.

A bed that is possibly slightly lower outcrops and has been prospected at the base of the sandstone on which the town of Ozark is 

built, and a similar coal outcrops south of Arkansas River opposite 

Ozark, The geologic work around Ozark has not been sufficient to 

demonstrate whether or not these various <outcrops of coal can be 

correlated with one another. The beds varj7" greatly in thickness at 

different points, but are characterized by great irregularity and 

impurity, more than half of the bed usually being bone or black 

shale. A dirty coal bed somewhat resembling these, but more than 

2 feet thick, has been reported from drill holes near the river several 

miles above Ozark. This bed, if present as reported, must necessarily be below the Hartshorne sandstone, and the results of prospecting 

thus far indicate that it has no economic value.

Drill holes that have been sunk to great depths in the neighborhood 

of Alma and-Van Buren disclose no coal beds below the Hartshorne 

horizon. The same may be said of the drill holes in the vicinity of 

Fort Smith. Small coal beds of no economic value, which have not 

been correlated with each other nor with the beds herein described, 

^are reported at several places in the large area underlain by Winslow 

sandstone north of the western part of the coal field, which has been 

examined in detail for the Winslow folio. All the evidence now available regarding coal below the Hartshorne horizon indicates that these 

coals are of greater thickness in the eastern part of the field than in 

the western, where they are practically absent.

From present indications further investigation of such beds in the 

vicinity of Russellville and Dardanelle is certainly justified and will 

probably result in extending the boundaries of the coal field as at 

present defined.

CHARACTER OF THE COAL, 

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS.

Most of the coals of Arkansas have a bright luster when freshly 

mined, though parts of some of the beds at a few places are described 

as dull. They generally present little evidence of stratification and 

seldom any cleavage parallel to the bedding, but the vertical cleavage 

or "cleat" is complex and somewhat indefinite. Except at one or 

two mines, the cleat is an unimportant factor in mining, entries and 

rooms being driven without respect to any inherent structure, though 

the many cleavage planes affect the value of the coal by making it 

fragile.

All of the coals are more or less brittle and friable and as mined 

yield from 10 to 40 per cent of fine slack, the percentage of which is 

probably an index to the relative hardness of the coal in different
84 THE AKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

parts of the field. For example, mine-run coal in the Jenny Lind, 

Greenwood, and Huntington districts, at the west end of the field, 

contains from 20 to 35 per cent slack, while that at Russellville, in 

the east end of the field, contains not more than 10 per cent. This 

difference, however, is due in part to the method of mining. Where 

the coal is mined by blasting or shooting off the solid, the percentage 

of slack is higher than that produced by hand or pick mining. The 

c.oals at Spadra and at Russellville seem to be of nearly equal hardness, but a much higher per cent of slack is produced in the former 

district owing to the use of powder in mining, the coal in the latter 

district being won by pick mining.

All of these coals are of comparatively high specific gravity, ranging 

from 1.29 to 1.49 and averaging about 1.35, which is equal to the 

average of Pennsylvania bituminous coals of better grade. Although 

hardness and specific gravity are not indicated by the results of 

chemical analysis, they are of the utmost importance in determining 

the uses to which any particular coal is best adapted. For example, 

the hard coals, even though they may produce a less amount of heat, 

are better adapted to domestic use than the soft ones. Coals of high 

specific gravity, other things being equal, are better adapted to use 

under locomotive and marine boilers than light ones, since a greater 

amount of fuel can be stored in the same space, and the heavier coals 

also give better results under forced draft. The relative hardness 

and specific gravity of different coals are doubtless due to a number 

of causes, the two more important probably being the degree of alteration of the original woody material of which it is composed and the 

amount of impurity contained in the coal as ash. One of the chief 

advantages of the Arkansas coals is that in burning they produce 

relatively little smoke.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE COAL.

The classification of Coal into the various grades recognized in 

trade, based primarily on their physical properties and their adaptability to particular uses, coincides approximately with a classification 

based on the degree of alteration from their original woody character, 

coal of the lowest grade being lignite, while the. most highly metamorphosed coal is anthracite. This classification is indicated by 

proximate chemical analyses showing the proportions of fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, water, and ash, which they contain. The method of 

analysis is as follows:

A small amount of coal is crushed and reduced to fine powder, 

weighed, and then dried at a temperature somewhat above the boiling 

point, which drives off the greater part of the moisture. It is again 

weighed and the difference in the two weights is taken as that of the 

water contained in the coal. The sample is then placed in a tightly
CLASSIFICATION OF THE COAL. 85

covered crucible and heated in a Bunsen flame until all the gases are 

driven off and burned around the edges of the cover. It is then 

cooled and again weighed, the loss in weight being taken as the 

amount of volatile matter. The residue in the crucible now consists 

only of fixed carbon and ash. In the coking coals this residue will be 

fused into a solid mass, but in others it remains as an incoherent 

powder. It is then heated over the flame in an uncovered crucible 

until all of the carbon is burned and only ash remains, when it is again 

weighed and the difference between this weight and the preceding is 

taken as the fixed carbon and the weight of the residue as ash.

Bituminous

Semi- , 

bituminous

Semianthracite

100 %

90 I

~7/,

'

-I 1.

Water 

and ash

Volatile 

combustible

Fixed 

carbon

B D H I K

FIG. 28. Diagram showing the composition of coals from different parts of the Arkansas field. A, coal 

from Bates district; B, Huntingtoncoal; C, Bonanza and Jenny Lind coal; D, Hackett coal; E, Montreal, Midland, and Burma coal; F, Greenwood coal; G, Charleston coal; H, Paris coal; I, Coal TTill 

and Denning coal; J, Spadra coal; K, Russellville coal.

Such analyses are easily and quickly made and are usually sufficient for classification purposes when taken in connection with the 

obvious physical properties of the coal. Coals of higher grades are 

well differentiated by the relation between the percentages of fixed 

carbon and of volatile matter they contain. This relation is called 

the fuel ratio.

In the original Pennsylvania classification proposed by Persifor 

Frazer, jr., a anthracite coals have fuel ratios above 12, semianthracite coals from 12 to 8, semibituminous coals from 8 to 5, and bituminous coals from 5 to 1. Generally, however, the limits of the various groups as understood in the trade are somewhat lower.6 Arkansas 

anthracite or semianthracite coals have fuel ratios from 8$ to 6^ and

aTrans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. 0, p. 430; also Rept. MM, Second Gcol. Survey Pennsylvania, 1879. 

^Report on the coals of Maryland: Maryland Geol. Survey, vol. 5,1905. p. 239. Campbell, M. R., 

Character.of Yampa coals: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 297,1900, p. 87.
86 THE AEKANSAS COAL FIELD.

the semibituminous coals from 6;-,- to 4$. As graded by this standard 

the Arkansas coals range from bituminous to semianthracite; those 

in the district south of Poteau Mountain are bituminous, their fuel 

ratios averaging about 3. The coals north of Poteau Mountain also, 

in the western part of the field, are near the dividing line between 

bituminous and semibituminous, and ma}' perhaps be regarded as 

semibituminous, their fuel ratios averaging nearly 5; those in the Coal 

Hill-Denning and Paris districts are also semibituminous and of 

somewhat higher grade, while the coals in the Spadra and Russellville 

districts are semianthracite, their fuel ratios averaging above 7. The 

relative grades of the coals in the various districts are shown graphically in the group of diagrams forming fig. 28, those of the highest 

grade, from the eastern part of the field, being at the right, and those 

of lower grades, from the southwestern part, at the left of the figure. 

A somewhat more satisfactory determination of the character of the 

coal is obtained from ultimate analyses, in which, by more elaborate 

chemical methods, the exact amounts of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, 

sulphur, and other elements are determined.

EFFICIENCY OF THE COAL.

The relative efficiencies of various coals are determined in the laboratories by burning them in an apparatus called a calorimeter, in 

which the amount of heat developed by the total combustion of a 

given weight of the coal is accurately measured, and the results of 

such determinations are stated both in pound calories and in British 

thermal units, the former being the number of pounds of water, at 

maximum density, whose temperature can be raised 1 degree centigrade by the combustion of 1 pound of coal, the latter representing 

the number of pounds of water which will be raised 1° F. and being

equal to nine-fifths of the former.

Calorific values of coal can be calculated very closely from ultimate 

analyses by Dulong's formula:

Heat value per pound, B. t. U.-146C + 620 (H-^); in which 8

C, H, and 0 are, respectively, the percentages of carbon, hydrogen, 

and oxygen. ^

Proximate analyses give only the roughest approximations to the 

heat value of coals, owing to the very indefinite composition of the 

so-called volatile matter. Proximate analyses of coals within any 

given district or field, however, vary but slightly from one another, 

and it may be expected that the volatile combustible matter will have 

about the same relative value, so that if a few calorific determinations 

have been made the heat values of the others can be roughly estimated 

irom proximate analyses. The efficiency of the coal from various 

parts of the field will depend mainly on its freedom from impurities 

in the form of ash.
SPECIAL TESTS AND ANALYSES. 87

Calorific determinations which have been made of Arkansas coals 

give an average value of 207 B. t. u. for each per cent of volatile 

matter and 146 B. t. u. for each per cent of fixed carbon. The heat 

value, in B. t. u., can therefore be roughly estimated from the proximate analyses as equal to 146 times the percentage of fixed carbon 

plus 207 times the percentage of volatile matter. The relative heatproducing values of the coals in the various parts of the field under 

discussion are shown graphically in fig. 29, from which it will be seen 

that the semianthracites of the eastern districts are slightly lower in 

efficiency than the semibituminous coals to the west.

Calories

700 - 

600 - 

500 - 

400 

800 - 

200 - 

100 -1 1 I 1

\, j

FIG. 29. Diagram 

ABCDEFGHIJK

showing relative calorific values of coals from different parts of the Arkansas 

I

field. 

A, coal from Bates district; B, Hunttngton cool; C, Bonanza and Jenny Lind coal; D, Hackett coal; 

E, Montreal, Midland, and Burma coal; F, Greenwood coal; G, Charleston coal; H, Paris coal; I, 

Coal iTill and Denning coal; J, Spadra coal; K, Russcllville coal.

SPECIAL TESTS AND ANALYSES. 

ANALYSES MADE BY ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

Samples of coal from twenty-seven localities were collected by the 

Geological Survey of Arkansas, and proximate analyses, including 

specific-gravity determinations made by the chemists of the Survey, 

were published in their preliminary report.0 No uniform method was 

followed in collecting these samples, some being taken from working faces of mines, while others were from carloads or from piles of 

coal left on the dumps. They can hardly be regarded, therefore, 

as strictly representative of the coal beds sampled. Moreover, the 

method of analyses is not stated in the report.

aAnn. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, 1888, vol. 3, p. 43.
THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Proximate analyses of Arkansas coals made by the Geological Survey of Arkansas. 

[Analyses by Dr. R. N. Brackett, assisted by Mr. J. P. Smith."]

_03

AO

03

1

9,

3

4 

5 

6

7 

8

9 

10 

11

1?,

13 

14 

15 

Ifi

17 

18 

19

?0

?1

22 

23 

?49<;

26

?:7

Name of pit' or 

mine.

Carnall's drift....

Hackett Cy. shaft. 

Pickartz drift .... 

Huntington slope. 

Claiborne's pit. ...

McConnel's shaft . 

Greenwood shaft . 

Sullivant.........

Gwyn's drift.. .. 

Carian's slope. .. 

Moomaw'spit. ..

Petty' s slope. . .. 

Philpott shaft . . .

Eureka shaft.. .. 

Coal Hill shaft. ..

Harkreader's well

Nearest town.

Oak Valley . .

Hackett ..... 

Ozark....... 

Huntington.. 

Hartford ....

Greenwood . . 

.....do....... 

Alma.. ......

Hartford .... 

Booneville... 

Ozark.......

Jenny Lind . . 

Coal Hill....

Coal Hill ....

Spadra ...... 

Coal Hill..... 

.....do.......

.....do.......

Location.

S.18,T.7N.,R.30 W.. 

S.19,T.6N.,R.30W..

S.35,T.8N.,R.26W..

S.22,T.6N..R.32W.. 

S.26,T. 10N..R.26W. 

S.24,T.5N.,R.31W.. 

S. 17, T. 4 N.., R. 31 W. . 

S.4,T.9N.,R.28W...

S.32,T.7N.,R.30W... 

S.12,T.6N.,R.31W .. 

S.13,T.9N.,R.31W.. 

S.31,T.7N.,R.31W..

S.14,T.4N.,R.32W.. 

S.22,T.5N.,R.28W.. 

S.22,T.10N..R.26W. 

S.33,T.9N.,R.30W..

 S.32,T.7N.,R.31 W.. 

S.20.T.10N..R.25W. 

S.13,T.7N.,R.31W..

S.24,T.9N..R.26W..

S.30.T.8N..R.20W..

S.23,T.9N.,R.24W.. 

S.20,T.9N.,R.25W.. 

S.24,T.9N..R.26W..

S.27,T.10N.,R.23W.

S.34,T.10N.,R.24W. 

S.21,T.7N.,R.20W..

Moisture.

5.26 

.85

1.23

.85 

.70 

.93 

.94

.88

.600 

.82 

.'76 

.75

.89 

.85 

.66 

.57

1.78

.87 

.74

1.13

.98

1.10 

1.02 

1.18

1.12

1.56 

1.06

Volatile 

matter.

17.66 

16.39

15.75

14. 916 

15.88 

15.55 

15.54 

15.23

' 15. 38 

14.87 

12.95 

14.98

14.58 

14.67 

14.89 

13.90

13.33 

14.13 

12.62

13.21

12.20

11.28 

10.84 

10.48

11.01

10.35 

8.41

Fixed 

carbon.

61.98

78.22

75.34

73.87 

79.00 

77.54 

78.36 

77.20

78.30

75. 82 

67. 13 

77.87

77.09 

78.40 

79.81 

75.07

76.23 

80.92 

72.61

81.28

76.82

72.84 

76.12 

76.49

80.86

78.91 

75.43

Ash.

13.62 

3.30

5.28

9.04 

3.56 

4.85 

4.01 

4.24

4.58 

5.97 

14.20 

5.00

6.25 

4.71 

3.27 

7.61

7.05 

3.09 

9.97

3.22

8.17

12.04 

8.35 

8.32

5.86.

6.31 

11.75

Sulphur.

1.49 

1.24

2.40

1.32 

.86 

1.43 

1.15 

2.45

1.14 

2.52 

4.96 

1.40

1.19 

1.37 

1.37 

2.85

1.62 

.99 

4.07

1.16

1.83

2.75 

3.67 

3.53

1.16

2.87 

3.35

Fuel 

ratio:

3.51

4.77

4.79

4.95 

4.97 

4.99 

5.04 

: 5.07

5.09 

5.10 

5.19 

5.20

5.29 

5.34 

5.36 

5.40

5.72 

5.73 

5.75

6.15

6.29

6.46 

7.02 

7.30

7.34

7.62 

8.96

Proximate analyses of Arkansas coals furnished by mining companies.

W.C.&M.CO.&...

P.C.C.Co.c...... W.C.&M.CO.&...

A. A. Co.*. .......

Do...........

Do...........

..:.. do.. ...... .....do.......

S.23,T.8N..R.24W..

S.31,T.9N..R.23W.. 

S.12,T.8N.,R.24W..

0.49

1.33

1.07

1.1

.6 

.6

13.64

14.03

11.21

14.6

10.7 

10.1

76.73

77.83

78.01

73.2

77.5 

75.4

7.12

5.63

8.13

9.7

10.1 

11

1.33

1.4

1.1 

2.9

5.55

6.96

5.01

7.24 

7.46

a Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Arkansas, 1888, vol. 3, p. 43.

& Western Coal and Mining Co., St. Louis Sampling and Testing Works, analyst, 1897. Twentysecond Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3, 1902, p. 398.

c Prairie Creek Coal Co., analyses by Bureau of Equipment, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. 

d Arkansas Anthracite Co., Little Rock. Prospectus.

Many analyses of Arkansas coal from various localities have also 

been made by commercial assayers working for private parties, some 

of which have been reported to members of the Geological Survey. 

Like those made by the State Survey, the private analyses are not 

uniform in either the method of sampling or the method of analysis; 

but since many of the localities represented were not duplicated by 

the present survey, it seems advisable to republish them. All such 

analyses at hand, including those made by the State Survey and by 

private assayers, are presented in the above table.

FUEL-TESTING PLANT SAMPLES.

The agents of the United States Geological Survey fuel-testing 

plant, at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, in 1904 and 1905, collected four sets of samples representing the Arkansas coal field. 

Each set included two samples cut from working faces in the mine 

and a carload lot representing the commercial product. They also
ANALYSES OF COAL. 89

collected mine samples from four other mines and obtained several 

carloads of slack from various localities for experimental work. 

. In taking mine samples the following method was invariably 

observed: a

After the face of- the coal was cleaned of any weathered coal or powder smoke a cut 

was made across the face of the coal from roof to floor, including all of the benches of 

coal mined and such impurities as were not removed in ordinary work. This cut 

was about 3 inches wide and 1 inch deep. The coal obtained from it, amounting to 

25 or 30 pounds, was caught upon an oilcloth blanket spread upon the floor of the mine, 

so as to protect the sample from water and from including any shale or clay fragments.

The coal composing the sample was then pulverized and quartered down according 

to the generally accepted rules for preparing samples until a quart sample was obtained, 

with the particles of coal reduced to a size not much greater than one-fourth inch in 

diameter. The sample was placed in an air-tight galvanized-iron can having a screw 

top, and the can was hermetically sealed by screwing the top down tight and covering 

the joint with tire tape. The can containing the sample was then mailed to the testing

plant, and in almost all cases it reached its destination within two or three days of the

date of sampling in the mine.

The four complete sets of samples from this field are described in 

the report of the fuel-testing plant as Arkansas Nos, 1, 2, 3, and 5, 

and they will be so designated in this report.

Arkansas No. 1, collected by M. R. Campbell and John W. Groves, 

represents the coal locally known as the Huntington coal. It is in 

the horizon of the Hartshorne coal of Indian Territory and is probably continuous with the Hartshorne bed. Sample A, laboratory No. 

1046, was taken at a point where the coal bed has a thickness of 7 

feet 7 inches, with two partings, one of black shale 5 inches, the other 

of shale and coal 10 inches thick. Sample B, laboratory No. 1045, 

represents the coal where the bed is 6 feet 6 inches thick, with two 

partings, one of black shale 5 inches, the other of shale and coal 1 

foot thick. Sample C, laboratory No. 1114, represents as nearly as 

possible .a carload containing 44 short tons of engine coal which was 

shipped to St. Louis to be tested.

Arkansas No. 2, sampled by M. R. Campbell and John W. Groves, 

represents the coal bed that is known locally as the "Jenny Lind 

vein." This bed is in the Hartshorne horizon, and is equivalent to 

if not identical with, the bed mined at Huntington, Ark., and Hartshome, Ind. T. Sample A, laboratory No. 1053, represents the coal 

where the bed is 3 feet 8£ inches thick, with a shale parting 1$ inches 

thick near the center. Sample B, laboratory No. 1049, represents 

the bed where it is 3 feet 8 inches thick, with a similar parting 2£ 

inches thick. Sample C, laboratory No. 1160, represents, as near as 

possible, a carload shipped to St. Louis for testing.

Arkansas No. 3, sampled by John W. Groves, represents the coal 

mined at Jenny Lind. At the point where sample A, laboratory

a Campbell, M. 11., Field work, in Preliminary report on the operations of the coa.l-testing plant of 

the United States Geological Survey: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261,1905, pp. 19-20.

10616 Bull. 326 07 7
90 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

No. 1115, was taken the bed has a thickness of 4 feet 8 inches, with 

a 3^-inch shale parting near the center. Sample B, laboratory No. 

1118, represents the same bed where its thickness is 3 feet 9 inches, 

with a 3-inch parting. Sample C, laboratory No. 1296, represents a 

carload sent to St. Louis for testing.

Arkansas No. 4 was a carload sample of slack for briquetting tests, 

representing four mines near Denning.

Arkansas No. 5, collected by John W. Groves, l£ miles west of Coal 

Hill, is from a bed locally known as the Denning bed. The coal 

bed is in the Hartshorne horizon, and is probably identical with the 

Hartshorne bed of Indian Territory. Sample A, laboratory No.

1130. was cut where the coal is 3 feet 9 inches thick, with a 5^-inch 

parting of shale and coal near the center. Sample B, laboratory No.

1131. was cut where the bed is 3 feet 9 inches and the shale parting

7 inches thick. Sample C, laboratory No. 1331, represents a carload 

consisting of about 20 short tons of lump coal over a 1.8-inch bar screen 

and about 20 tons of slack or coal that passed through this screen.

Arkansas No. 6, laboratory No. 1542, was a car sample of slack 

mined at Jenny Lind and was shipped to the fuel-testing plant by 

the operator for special tests in briquetting and coking.

Eight special samples taken for chemical tests from mines not 

represented by carload lots are as follows:

Laboratory numbers 1030 and 1031 represent a mine in sec. 36, T. 9 

N., R. 31 W., near Jenny Lind. They were collected by John W. 

Groves. The same mine is represented by sample No. 9, collected by 

the Geological Survey party.

Laboratory Nos. 1040 and 1042 represent a mine in sec. 22, T. 9 N., 

R. 26 W., near Denning. The bed is the same as that represented by 

the samples under Arkansas No. 5, and the coal measures 3 feet 7 

inches and 4 feet 5 inches, respectively, at the two points where samples were cut.

Laboratory Nos. 1052 and 1054 represent a mine in sec. 13, T. 5 N., 

R. 32 W., near Midland. They were collected by J. Shober Burrows. 

The coal is without partings and measures, respectively, 2 feet 10 

inches and 2 feet 9 inches at the points where the samples were cut.

Laboratory Nos. 1066 and 1068 represent a mine in sec. 1, T. 4 N., 

R. 32 W., south of Midland. The bed is in the Hartshorne horizon 

and is a western extension of that mined at Huntington. It measures

8 feet 7 inches and 8 feet 5 inches, respectively, at the two points 

sampled, but is divided by a parting into two benches, both of which 

are mined.

Twenty-six samples from various mines were taken by the United 

States Geological Survey party in the summer of 1906. The method 

of sampling was identical with that followed by the agents of the fueltesting plant, except that usually only one sample was taken from
ANALYSES OF COAL. 91

each mine. These samples were numbered consecutively in the order 

in which they were collected and are as follows:

Sample No. 1, laboratory No. 3155, represents the coal at a strip 

pit near Burma in sec. 19, T. 5 N., R. 31 W. The bed mined is in 

the Hartshorne horizon and is regarded as equivalent to that mined 

at Hartshorne, Ind. T. The bed here is 3 feet 7 inches thick without 

partings. Sampled by C. D. Smith.

Sample No. 2, laboratory No. 3154, represents one of the working 

faces of a mine at Burma station in sec. 20, T. 5 N., R. 31 W. The 

bed is the same as that at the pit, represented by sample No. 1, 

laboratory No. 3155. It is 36 inches thick, has a hard sandstone roof 

and sandy shale floor, and is worked from a shaft about 60 feet deep. 

Sampled by C. D. Smith and A. J. Collier.

Sample No. 3, laboratory No. 3158, is from a mine near Burma

station, in sec. 19, T. 5 N., R. 31 W.., The coal bed has an average 

thickness of 36 inches and is the same as that of sample No. 2. It is 

overlain by a thick bed of hard sandstone, but in the western part of 

the workings shale of varying thickness intervenes between the coal 

and the sandstone. Sampled by C. D. Smith.

Sample No. 4, laboratory No. 3150, represents a mine in sec. 19, 

T. 5 N., R. 31 W., a short distance southeast of Montreal station on 

the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad. The bed mined is the 

same as that at the Denman and Red Rock mines and is in the 

Hartshorne horizon, though the roof is shale. The sandstone lens, 

which constitutes the roof in the mines just mentioned, thins out and 

disappears before reaching this mine. The coal averages about 42 

inches thick without partings. Sampled by C. D. Smith.

Sample No. 5, laboratory No. 3152, is from a mine located near 

Montreal station in sec. 13, T. 5 N., R. 32 W. The bed, which is the 

same as that just described, has an average thickness of 3 feet 4 inches. 

The sample was taken by C. D. Smith from one of the lowest entries 

in the slope.

Sample No. 6, laboratory No. 3156, is from a slope in sec. 19, T. 5 N., 

R. 31 W., near the line of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad. 

At this place the coal has been mined by stripping for half a mile or 

more along the outcrop and sample No. 1 was taken from a face 

exposed in the pits. Where the pitch of the coal has carried it to 

such a depth as to make strip mining impracticable, short slopes have 

been driven from the face as exposed. This sample was collected by 

C. D. Smith from the face in one of these slopes for comparison with 

sample No. 1, to determine the effect of weathering. The analyses 

of the two samples, 1 and 6, however, are nearly identical, and indicate 

that the coal is stable and only slightly affected by weathering:

Sample No. 7, laboratory No. 3148, is from a partially developed 

mine located about three-eighths of a mile northeast of Burma
92 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

station. The coal is reached by a shaft about 25 feet deep, which 

pierces the hard sandstone lens that forms the roof of the Red Rock 

and Denman mines. The bed is not quite so thick as that in the 

Red Rock mine, and about 4 inches near the top is thrown out in 

mining. The coal which is hand-picked and sacked, is used for 

blacksmithing purposes and brings a somewhat higher price than the 

other coals of the district. Sampled by C. D. -Smith.

Sample No. 8, laboratory No. 3157, represents the coal at a mine in 

sec. 18, T. 6 N., R. 31 W., about 2 miles east of Hackett. The bed 

is 32 inches thick without partings. It is reached by a shaft 60 feet 

deep.' The sample was taken by Sidney Paige from a clean dry 

working face. This coal is in the eastern extension of the bed mined 

at Hackett, Ark., and at Panama, Ind. T., and is almost identical in 

character. At Greenwood, a few miles farther east, it is very much 

thicker, but is divided by partings.

Sample No. 9, laboratory No. 3153, represents the coal from a 

mine at Jenny Lind. The bed averages about 6 feet. The sample 

was taken by C. D. Smith from a working face near the end of one of 

the west entries. The mine was rather damp with surface water, 

though the face of the coal was not wet.

Sample No. 10, laboratory No. 3151, represents the coal in a mine 1 

mile west of Jenny Lind. It is the same mine as is represented by 

the sample Arkansas No. 3, previously collected for the fuel-testing 

plant! The bed where the sample was collected contains 38 inches 

of coal separated into two benches by a parting of hard shale 14 

inches from the floor. It was sampled by Sidney Paige.

Sample No. 11, laboratory No. 3173, represents a mine in sec. 12, 

T. 6 N., R. 30 W., near Greenwood. The bed varies in tliickness 

from 4 feet to 7 feet and is separated into two benches by a parting 

of soft shale near the center, which varies from a fraction of an inch 

to 6 inches. The sample was taken by C.^D. Smith from a working 

face in the lower part of the mine as far as possible from the outcrop.

Sample No. 12, laboratory No. 3175, represents the coal in a mine 

a few miles.east of Greenwood. The total thickness of the bed is 

about 8 feet, 5 feet of which in one bench is mined. The sample was 

collected by C. D. Smith and represents the part mined.

Sample No. 13, laboratory No. 3218, represents a bed that has 

supplied coal for neighborhood use from a number of strip pits and 

other openings near Charleston. The bed is stratigraphically from 

800 to 900 feet above the Hartshorne horizon and is provisionally 

correlated with that formerly worked near Caulksville, Central, Fort 

Smith, and other places. It is believed to be at about the same 

horizon as the Philpott bed north of Coal Hill, though the exact 

correlation of the latter is regarded as doubtful. It is described in 

this report as the Charleston bed, but is variously known locally as
ANALYSES OF COAL. 93

the Sky vein, Coal Ridge vein, etc. The sample, which is the only 

representative of the coal at this horizon, was taken by Sidney Paige 

from a small drift worked occasionally at the west end of Coal Ridge 

in sec. 20, T. 7 N., R. 29 W., a few miles north of Auburn. The 

face from which it was cut had probably been exposed to the air 

for several months. The bed has a thickness of 18 inches without 

partings.

Sample No. 14, laboratory No. 3174, is from a mine at Paris, Ark. 

The mine is located in sec. 10, T. 6 N., R. 26 W., and the coal bed is 

known and described in this report as the Paris coal. It is from 1,000 

to 1,400 feet vertically above the Hartshorne coal and probably from 

400 to 600 feet above the Charleston coal. The sample was taken from 

one of the working faces in the deepest part of the mine and represents a thickness of 26 inches without partings. The bed has a firm 

sandstone roof from which it is separated by half a foot or more of 

draw slate. It is underlain by a thin seam of fire clay and mining 

is done by undercutting.

Sample No. 15, laboratory No. 3177, represents a mine in the Sliinn 

basin, south of Russellville, and was collected by C. D. Smith from 

a working face in the deepest part of the mine. The coal is reached 

by a shaft 70 feet deep, located in sec. 22, T. 7 N., R. 20 W. It 

varies in thickness from 30 to 36 inches. The bed is in the Hartshorne 

horizon and may be identical with that mined in the western part of 

the field at Huntington, Jenny Lind, and Greenwood.

Sample No. 16, laboratory No. 3176," from a mine in Shinn basin, 

south of Russellville, represents the same bed as sample No. 15. 

This is the deepest mine in Arkansas, the coal being reached by a 

480-foot shaft. It is situated in sec. 21, T. 7 N., R. 20 W. The 

sample was collected by C. D. Smith from one of the working faces 

of the mine.

Sample No. 17, laboratory No. 3368, from a mine nearSpadra, 

Ark., in the SW. J sec. 14, T. 9 N., R. 24 W. The bed is 44 inches 

thick, with a parting of 3 inches or more near the middle. It is 

mined from a shaft 140 feet deep. The sample was cut by R. D. 

Mesler from one of the working faces of the mine.

Sample No. 18, laboratory No. 3369, is from the Brooks mine 

about 2 miles south of Clarksville in sec. 17, T. 9 N., R. 23 W. The 

coal bed is known as the Spadra bed and has a thickness of 34 inches 

with a 2-inch shale parting near the center. It is mined from a shatt 

240 feet deep. The sample was taken by R. D. Mesler from one of 

the working faces of the mine.

Sample No. 19, laboratory No. 3370, is from a mine 2£ miles southwest of Coal Hill. The bed mined here is the same as that represented 

by the sample Arkansas No. 5, of the fuel-testing plant which was 

taken from a mine about 1£ miles to the west. Both of these are
94 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

in the Hartshorne horizon and are probably identical with the. bed 

mined at Bonanza and Huntington. This mine is a small one and 

was not shut down during the strike. The sample was taken from 

one of the working faces, where the bed is 3-| feet thick with a halfinch parting near the center.

Sample No. 20, laboratory No. 3371, is from a small mine at 

Center Cross about 2 miles west of Altus. The coal bed is in the 

Hartshorne horizon and is regarded as equivalent to the Coal Hill 

and Denning bed from which sample No. 19 was collected. -It 

consists, however, of two beds of coal, each about 2 feet thick with 

18 feet of sandy shale between them, which is probably equivalent 

to the parting found in the Coal Hill and Denning beds. In the 

Denning field the parting is known to increase locally to a thickness 

of 6 or 7 feet. Only the lower bench, about 25 inches thick, is mined, 

and it alone is represented in this sample, which is cut from a working 

face. The mine, however, is shallow, and the total cover over the 

coal where sampled does not exceed 25 feet. Sampled by R. D. Mesler 

and A. J. Collier.

Sample No. 21, laboratory No. 3372, is from a mine in sec. 30, 

T. 8 N., R. 31 W., on Massard Prairie about 5 miles from Fort Smith. 

The coal bed which is regarded as equivalent, to the bed mined at 

Jenny Lind and Bonanza, is from 27 to 30 inches thick, with a shale 

parting less than 1$ inches thick. Its upper bench is said to be 

softer and freer from impurities than the lower. The sample was 

collected by C. D. Smith from the working face under a cover of 

about 30 feet.

Sample No. 22, laboratory No. 3407, represents the coal from a 

mine in sec. 23, T. 9 N., R. 24 W., near Spadra. The coal is mined 

from a shaft 100 feet deep, and is known locally as the Spadra bed. 

It is in the Hartshorne horizon and is equivalent to the coal mined 

at Jenny Lind and Huntington, Ark., and at Hartshorne, Jnd. T. 

The sample was taken by R. D. Mesler from one of the working faces, 

where the coal is 3 feet 5 inches thick with a 2-inch shale parting near 

the center.

Sample No. 23, laboratory No. 3503, represents the upper part of 

the coal bed at a mine in sec. 21, T. 3 N., R. 32 W., south of Poteau 

Mountain. This bed is divided into four benches, the upper three 

each about 2 feet thick, separated by 2-inch shale partings. The 

lower bench is about 4 feet thick and is separated from the upper 

ones by 30 inches of shale and bone. Only the lower bench is mined. 

This sample represents the three upper benches of the mine, including the partings, and was obtained by boring a hole upward from 

the roof of the lower bench through the upper three benches, the 

cuttings from the auger being taken as a sample. The sample was 

collected by C. D. Smith.
ANALYSES OF COAL. 95

Sample No. 24, laboratory No. 3505, represents the coal produced 

at a mine in sec. 21, T. 3 N., R. 32 W., near Bates. This is a new 

mine opened by a slope from which no entries have been turned. 

Only the lower bench, 4 feet thick, is mined. The sample was taken 

by C. D. Smith from the working face and represents unweathered 

coal.

Sample No. 25, laboratory No. 3500, represents the coal at a mine 

in sec. 14, T. 4 N., R. 32 W., about 2 miles east of Hartford. The 

coal bed is 52 inches thick, with a 10-inch clay parting near the bottom, and the lower bench is not mined. Only the upper bench, 3 

feet 6 inches thick, is represented by the sample, which was collected 

by C. D. Smith from one of the working faces.

Sample No. 26, laboratory No. 3497, represents the coal mined in 

sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 32 W. The mine is a new one and has been in 

operation for only a few months. It is opened by a slope with an 

incline of about 15° from the outcrop. The bed is 3 feet 8 inches 

thick and is without parting. It has a sandstone floor and about 4 

inches of draw slate between the coal and the solid shale roof. The 

sample was collected by C. D. Smith from one of the working faces.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Analyses and other tests of the samples described above were 

made under uniform, conditions at the fuel-testing plant. All of the 

samples were tested by proximate analyses. After they had been 

pulverized most of the samples \yere exposed to dry air at ordinary 

temperatures until their weight became stable and their basis of 

moisture on air drying was carefully determined. In this way the 

samples were brought to a nearly uniform condition as regards moisture before analysis. In the following tables the analyses of the 

samples as received and after air drying are given. Owing to the 

provisions of' the law authorizing the work done at the fuel-testing 

plant, the names of the operators from whose mines the samples 

were obtained can not be printed.

For comparison of coals from the various districts the analyses of 

the air-dried samples are preferable. It will be seen from these 

analyses that the moisture retained in the Arkansas coals after airdrying is nearly constant, the limits of variation being from. 0.51 to 

1.28 per cent. All the samples, except five, noted in the table, were 

mine samples.
96 THE SAKKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Analyses of coal samples from Arkansas., 

[U. S. Geol. Survey fuel-testing plant, analyst.]

Distri

Neare

Name

Labor

Analy

* 

2

PP

Calori 

Ca 

Bi

Loss c

Analy

x 

2

PH 

-jj

15

Calori 

Ca 

Bi 

Fuelr

Distri

Neare.

Name

Labor

Aiialy

X2'

pr

<j

5

Calori 

Ca 

Br

Loss o

Analy

x 

2

PH

i5'

Fuel r

ct.............................

sis of sample as received:

Volatile matter ........

(Ash ....................

Carbon ......................

fie value determined:

itish thermal units . ...

sis of air-dried sample: 

Moisture ............ . .

/Ash .........................

\Sulphur .....................

Carbon. ................ ....

Nitrogen .....................

ic value determined: 

lories .... ..........

-.t. ............................

sis of sample as received:

Volatile matter. ...........

/Ash. ........................

(Sulphur.....................

TT vd rnfypii

Pic value determined:

sis of air-dried sample:

fAsh. .........................

\Sulphur. .....................

O yvjypTi

Bates-Coaldale.

Bates.

U.S. 

G. S. 

No. 23.

3503.

6.85

25.75 

43.40 

24.00

f) qo

5.90

1.02 

27.38 

46.12 

25.51 

2.46

1.69

U. S. 

G. S. 

No. 24.

3505.

3 39

24.44 

66.40 

5.79

.87

2.50

.89 

25.07 

68.10 

5.94 

.89

2.72

Greenwood-Huntington.

Hartford.

U. S. 

G. S. 

No. 25.

3500.

4.12 

18.15 

69.97

7.76 

.98

3.40

.75 

18.79 

72. 43 

8.03 

1.01

%.

3.86

Special.

1060.

.80 

17.80 

72.71 

8.69 

1.95

7,934 

14,282

4.08

Special.

1068.

.90 

18.35 

71.65 

9.10 

1.74

3.91

Huntington.

Ark. 

No. 1 

A.

1046.

.75 

18.50 

73.77 

6.98 

1.15

3.99

Ark. 

No. 1 

B.

1045.

1.02 

17.88 

73.61 

7.49 

1.10

8,019 

14, 434

4.12

Ark. 

NO. 1 

C.a

1114.

3.24 

17.46 

66. 09 

12.61 

1.24 

4.15 

74.09 

1.44 

6.47

7,294 

13, 129

2.10

1.17 

17.83 

68.12 

12.88 

1.27 

4.00 

75.68 

1.47 

4.70

7,450 

13, 410 

3.82

Greenwood-Huntington Continued.

Burma.

U.S. 

G. S. 

No. 2.

3154.

2.44 

16.85 

74.97 

5.73 

2.57

1.60

.85 

17. 12 

76.11 

5.82 

2.61

4.45

U.S. 

G. S.

No. 7.

3148.

4.53 

16.52 

74. 03 

4.92 

1.76

3.70

.86 

17.16 

76.87 

5.10 

1.82

4.48

U.S. 

G. S. 

No. 3.

3158.

2.65 

15.70 

74.52 

7.13 

2.86

1.90

.76 

16.01 

' 75. 95 

7.26 

2.92

4.75

U. S. 

G. S. 

No. 1.

3155.

3.54 

14.89 

74.88 

6. 69 

1.21

2.70

.86 

15.30 

76. 93 

6.88 

1.24

5.05

U.S. 

G. S.

No. 6.

3156.

2.80 

15.93 

74.06 

7.21 

.73

2.00

.82 

16.28 

75.57 

7.36

.74

4.67

Midland.

Special.

1052.

.79 

19.68 

69.62 

9.73 

1.11

7,790 

14,022

3.53

Special.

1054.

1.00 

16.90 

71. 80 

10.30 

.60

4.24

Car sample.
ANALYSES OF COAL. 97

Analyses of coal samples from Arkansas Continued.

Distri

Neare

Name

Labor

Analy

*l ft

 4-i

3

Calori 

Ca 

Bi

Loss o 

Analy

i

dn

+j 5'

Calori 

Ca 

Br 

Fuel r

ct. ....... ......................

st town ........................

sis of sample as received: 

Moisture......................

Volatile matter...............

fAsh. .........................

ac value determined:

itish thermal units ............

sis of air-dried sample:

(Ash..........................

1'Ivdroffen

ic value determined:

Greenwood'Huntington^Continued.

Montreal.

U.S. G.S. 

No. 5.

3152.

2.57 

15.48 

76.17 

5.78 

2.05

1.80

.78 

15.76 

77.33 

5.88 

2.09

4.92

.U. S. G. S. 

No. 4.

3150.

3.01 

15.75 

75.93 

5.31 

.93

2.20

.83 

16.21 

.78.36 

5.43 

.95

4.78

Hackett.

U. S. G. S. 

No. 26.

3497.

3.55 

17.16 

75.46 

3.83 

.96

2.80

.77 

17.65 

77. 63 

3.94 

.99

4.40

U. S. G. S.

No. 8.

3157.

3.64 

16.57 

76.00 

3.79 

.83

3.00

.66 

17.03 

78.35 

3.96 

.85

4.54

Greenwood.

U.S. G.S. 

No. 11.

3173.

2.31 

14.48 

72.66 

9.29 

3.12 

3.75

78.37 

1.52

3.95

7.549

13,588

2.40

.77 

15.21 

74.45 

9.52 

3.20 

3.84

80.30

1.56

4.05

7,735 

13,923 

4.90

U.S. G.S. 

No. 12.

3175.

2.26 

15.79 

71.91 

10.04 

1.20

1.60

.07 

16.05 

73.07 

10.20 

.1.22

4.55

Distri

Neare

Name

Labor

Analy

KSf±

5'

Calori 

Ca 

Br

Loss o 

Analy

K

 g-

*

*5 5'

Calori 

Ca 

Br 

Fuel r

3t...... .......................

sis of sample as received:

/Ash. .........................

EtvdrofiTGn

ic value determined:

sis of air-dried sample:

/Ash... .......................

ic value determined:

atio ...........................

Bonanza-Jenny Lind.

Bonanza.

Ark.

No. 2 

A.

1053.

.78 

16.60 

73.53 

9.09 

2.50

4.43

Ark. 

No. 2 

B.

1049.

.95 

18.70 

73.38 

C.97 

2.12

7,993 

14,387

3.92

Ark. 

No. 2 

C.»

1160.

2.23 

16.03 

72.55 

9.20 

1.78 

4.24

78.83

1.38

4.48

7,639 

13, 750

1.50

.74 

16.26 

73.66 

9.39 

1.90 

4.13

80.03

1.40

3.20

7,756 

13,961 

4.52

Jenny Lind.

Ark. 

No. 3 

A.

1115.

1.60 

17.40 

73.09 

7.91 

1.42

7,868 

14, 162

.80

.81 

11.54 

73.68 

7.97 

1.51

7,931 

14,275 

4.20

Ark. 

No. 3 

B.

1118.

1.63 

16.86 

69.03 

12.66 

1.46

.80

.84 

16.81 

69.59 

12.76 

1.47

4.10

Ark. 

No. 3 

C.«

1296.

2.19 

19.47 

66.71 

 11. 63 

1.28 

4.17

75.31

1.53

6.08

7,480 

13, 464

1.40

.80 

14.75 

67.65 

11.80 

1.30 

4.07

76.37

1.55

4.91

7,586

13, 655

3.43

U.S. 

G.S. 

No. 10.

3151.

1.95 

15.55 

73.27 

9.23 

1.23

1.20

.76 

15.74 

74.16 

9.34 

1.25

4.71

Ark. 

No. 6. b

1542.

3.80 

13.89 

68.50 

13.81 

1.26

3.00

.82 

14.32 

70.62 

14.24 

1.30

4.93

a Car sample. f> Slack car sample.
98 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Analyses of coal samples from Arkansas Continued.

Distrk

Neares

Name

Labor

Analy

X£ 

PM

+i £'

CaloriJ 

Ca 

Br

Loss o 

Analy

XsPI

 <j P'

Calori 

Ca 

Br 

Fuel r

Distri<

Neare

Name

Labor

Analy

X

o,

£

+i

P^

Calori 

Ca 

Br

Loss o 

Analy

X

2^

PH

4-> 

i5

Caiori 

Ca 

Bi 

Fuel r

,t. .............................

sis of sample as received:

(Sulphur ......................

Carbon .......................

O WPPTl

ic value determined:

sis of air-dried sample:

/Ash ..........................

ic value determined:

3t. .............................

atory number. ................

sis of sample as received:

(Ash .........................

{Sulphur .....................

Nitrogen .....................

fie value determined : 

lories ....................:.....

sis of air-dried sample:

Fixed carbon .................

/Ash .........................

Carbon .................:.....

Nitrogen .....................

ic value determined: 

lories..........................

Bonanza-Jenny Lind Continued.

Jenny Lind.

Special.

1030.

.95 

17.91 

71.52 

9.62 

2.07

7,831 

14,090

3.98

Special.

1031.

.80 

17.20 

74.35 

7.65 

1.64

4.32

U.S. 

G. S. 

No. 9.

3153.

3.18 

14.64 

76.06 

6.12 

1.51

2.40

.79 

15.00 

77.93 

6.27 

1.58

5.20

Fort 

Smith.

U. S. G. S. 

No. 21.

3372.

2.19 

14.00 

72.15 

11.66 

2.06

1.40

.80 

14.20 

73.18 

11.83 

3.09

5.15

Charleston.

Auburn.

U. o. G. S. 

No. 13.

3218.

3.80 

15.96 

75.86 

4.38 

2.21

2.00

1.23 

10.39 

77.88. 

4.49 

2.27

4.75

Paris.

Paris.

U.S. 

G. S. 

No. 14.

3174.

2.77 

14.69 

73.47 

9.07 

2.79 

4.02 

78.71 

1.46 

3.95

7,052 

13,774

2.20

.58 

15.02 

75.12 

9.27 

3.04 

3.87 

80.48 

1.49 

2.04

7,824 

14,084 

5.00

Denning-Coal Hill.

Denning.

Special.

1040.

.85 

14.45 

76.41 

8.29 

2.05

5.29

Special.

1042.

.84 

16.46 

75.32 

7.38 

1.91

8,136

14, 045

4.58

Altus.

U.S. 

G. S. 

No. 20.

3371.

3.77 

13.96. 

79.35 

2..92 

' .74

2.80

1.00 

14.36 

81.64 

3.00 

.76

5.68

Coal Hill.

U.S. 

G. S. 

No. 19.

3370.

3.41 

12.09 

78.42 

6.08 

4.05

2.40

1.03 

12.39 

80.35 

6.23 

4.15

6.48

Ark. 

No. 5 A.

1130.

1.38 

14.76 

76.91 

6.95 

1.52

7,961

14,330

.70

.68 

14.87 

' 77.45 

7.00 

1.53

8,017

14,,431

5.21

Ark. 

No.5B.

1131.

1.80 

15.00 

75.94 

7.26 

1.94

1.30

.51 

15.19 

76.94 

7.36 

1.97

5.06

Ark. 

No. 5 

C.o

1331.

2.36 

12.68 

72.88 

12.08 

1.99 

3.82 

76.44 

1.37 

4.30

7,366 

13,259

1.10

1.28 

12.82 

73.69 

12.21 

2.01 

3.74 

77.29 

1.39 

3.36

7,448 

13, 406 

5.74

a Car sample.
ANALYSES COKING TESTS. 99

Analyses of coal samples from Arkansas Continued.

Distrh

Neare.

Name

Labor

Analy

K 

o. h 

PH

5' ^ 

Calori 

Ca 

Bi

Loss o

Analy

« 8'

PH

 fcj P'

Calori 

Ca 

Br 

Fuel r

:t. .............................

sis of sample as received : Moisture. .....................

fAsh..........................

Carbon........................

ic value determined :

itish thermal units. ...........

sis of air-dried sample:

fAsh..........................

ic value determined :

Spadra.

Spadra.

U. S. G. S.

No. 17.

3368.

2.11 

11.42 

77.83 

8.64 

1.99

7,619 

13,714

1.00

1.12 

11.54 

78.62 

8.73 

2.01

7,693 

13,853 

6.82

U.S. G. S. 

No. 22.

3407.

2.15 

10.82 

76.87 

10.16 

2.30

1.40

.76 

10.97 

77.96 

10.30 

2.33

7.11

Clarksville.

 U. S. G. S. 

No. 18.

3369.

1.72 

10. 46 

79.50 

8.32 

2.49

7,704 

13,867

.70

1.03 

10.53 

80.06 

8.38 

2.51

7,758 

13,965 

7.59

Russellville. 

Russellville.

U. S. G. S. 

No. 15.

3177.

2.33 

10.60 

77.67 

9.40 

1.81

1.60

.74 

10.77 

78.93 

9.55 

1.84

7.33

U.S. G. S. 

No. 16.

3176.

2.07 

9.81 

78.82 

9.30 

1.74 

3.62 

80.28 

1.47 

3.59

7,612 

13,703

1.40

.68 

9.93 

79.94 

9.43 

1.76 

3.67 

81.42 

1.49 

3.64

7,720 

13,896 

8.04

COKING TESTS.

Although some of the Arkansas coals, especially those from the 

western part of the field, seem to coke in laboratory experiments, 

none of them have yet been successfully coked on a commercial 

scale. Laboratory tests made at St. Louis indicated that the samples called Arkansas Nos. 1 and 2, representing the mines at Huntington and Bonanza, respectively, are coking coals." Parts of 

each of the five representative carload samples sent to the fueltesting plant were tried in a beehive coking oven and all gave 

negative results.6

In order to determine whether or not the Arkansas coals could be 

made to produce coke by mixing them with small amounts of more 

highly bituminous coal from other sources, or by adding pitch to act 

as a binder, a test was made of lump and slack coal from mine No. 18 

at Jenny Lind. A charge consisting of a small amount of briquets, 

containing 6 per cent of hard pitch, was placed in an oven with a 

coking coal and produced a dense coke high in ash.

Equal parts of unwashed slack mixed with 8 per cent of hard pitch 

and briquets made of the same material gave a very dark coke with 

large cells. This charge contained 640 pounds of pitch and weighed

oProf. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey. No. 48, pt. 1,1904, p. 300. b Idem, pt. 3, pp. 1328-1332.
100 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

8,000 pounds. It burned 42 hours and yielded 4,056 pounds of coke 

and 539 pounds of breeze and ash.

Slack mixed with 8 per cent of pitch, without briquetting, gave a 

dark-gray coke that was high in ash and had no metallic ring, wlijcli 

can be used where high ash and sulphur are not important considera= 

tions. These tests are valuable, since they show that although most 

of the Arkansas coals are naturally noncoking they may be made so 

by the addition of pitch.

BRIQUETTING TESTS.

The friable nature of the coal and the high percentage of slack 

resulting from it are notable drawbacks conne'cted with the coalmining industry in Arkansas. The slack has a high fuel value and 

is not notably impure as regards ash, but is difficult to burn economically, since it requires special grates and is not worth more than onethird as much as the lump coal. For this reason any method of 

utilizing the slack and increasing its value is of considerable importance, and the possibility of making it into briquets has therefore 

been considered. The fuel-testing plant at St. Louis was equipped 

with two briquetting machines, one of English make, producing a 

rectangular briquet 6 by 5 by 4 inches, the other of American 

design, producing eggettes weighing 0.3 pound. Slacks from nearly 

every part of the Arkansas field were tested, but all attempts to produce briquets from the coal alone were unsuccessful. It was found, 

however, that by adding to the slack from 6 to 10 per cent of pitch, 

obtained from the by-products of various gas plants, good briquets, 

that have a somewhat higher heat- and steam-producing value than 

the original coal, can be made. A full description of the various 

briquetting tests made at St. Louis is contained in the report of the 

fuel-testing plant, pp. 1389 to 1472, from which the following more 

salient results have been abstracted. a

Slack from the mines at Huntington was tested with a hard pitch, 

6 tons being mixed with 9.25 per cent of pitch and made into 

briquets in the English machine. The briquets were compact and 

well pressed, but were too friable for handling, showing that they 

contained insufficient pitch. They were also brownish in color and 

very dirty. Coal from Jenny Lind was also tested with hard pitch, 

briquets being made in the English machine. Six tons of crushed 

lump coal were run through the machine, which was set to give 

approximately 11 per cent of pitch, but the briquets were pitchy 

and wrinkled, and probably contained nearer 15 than 11 per cent. 

Although these were not commercial briquets, a boiler test made

o Report of the operations of the coal-testing plant, 1904; Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48, 

pt. 3, 1906, pp. 1389-1472.
BRIQUETTING ANI> BOILER TESTS. 101

with them showed that they were well adapted to produce steam. 

Thew pitch used for both these lots of briquets was too hard to give1*** 

the best results.

Seventeen tons of coal from the Denning field were briquetted' 

in the English machine with 6 per cent of comparatively soft pitch, 

for the purpose of making locomotive tests on the Missouri Pacific 

Railway. Excellent briquets were obtained, which were readily 

handled while warm, stood a good deal of handling when cold, and 

did not break so readily as the original lumps of coal. They were 

tested for locomotive use in comparison with Illinois coal. Three 

trips were made from St. Louis lo Washington, Mo., and_return, 

making a total of 324 miles for each fuel. The comparative results 

of the test are best stated in terms of the number of miles run per ton 

of coal, which for the Arkansas briquets averaged 21 miles per ton, 

while with the coal from Illinois only 19 miles per ton was made

by the same train. The results showed that the Arkansas briquets 

have greater efficiency than the Illinois coal and indicate that by 

briquetting the slack it is possible to obtain a high-grade fuel. The 

briquets were said to be too large for locomotive use and had to be 

broken before the engine could steam well.

BOILER TESTS.

Seventy boiler tests of car samples representing coals from many 

different localities and fields in the United States were made under 

uniform conditions at the fuel-testing plant in St. Louis, and the 

tabulated results obtained have been published in part 2 of the 

report of the coal-testing plant for the year 1904.a Eight of 

these tests were of coals from the Arkansas field, including both 

natural coal and briquets made by combining slack or crushed coal 

with a certain amount of pitch. Four of the tests were of natural 

coal.

The boiler plant was equipped with two 210-horsepower Heine 

water-tube boilers. The same boilers were used for all the tests, and 

an effort was made to have the coals nearly uniform in size, the usual 

size being small lump and egg mixed with varying amounts of slack. 

Full details regarding these tests are available for further examination 

in the professional paper cited, from which a few of the more obvious 

and important results have been abstracted in the accompanying table 

to show the relative efficiencies of various Arkansas coals. From 

these figures it will be seen that while the coal (Arkansas No. 5) from 

the Denning district is higher in the scale of classification than the 

other coals tested, its efficiency in heat and steam production is some-

« Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48, 1906.
102 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

what lower. The results selected from the report cited for purposes 

of comparison are 

1. The number of pounds of water at the boiling point which can be 

converted into steam at the same temperature by the combustion 

of 1 pound of dry coal.

2. The amount of heat absorbed by the boiler, stated in British 

thermal units. This is equal to the number of pounds of water 

evaporated at 212° multiplied by 965.7 the number of British thermal 

units required to convert 1 pound of water into steam. This result 

is given for comparison with the next to indicate the proportion of the 

total heat value of the coal available for the production of steam. It 

is a factor which depends to a considerable extent on the appliances 

for burning the coal, and with engines better adapted to any particular 

coal would probably be larger than the figures given.

3. The calorific value of the dry coal stated in British thermal units 

as determined by the oxygen calorimeter. This factor gives the total 

heat value of the coal.

4. The number of pounds of coal per hour required to produce one 

indicated horsepower. This figure is calculated theoretically from 

the determinations given in the first column, together with other 

factors, it being estimated that 34^ pounds of water evaporated per 

hour into dry steam from and at 212° F. equal 1 horsepower.

5. The last column gives the number of pounds of dry coal consumed 

per hour per electric horsepower, which may be regarded as the actual 

measured horsepower produced. It will be seen that as far as these 

tests go the coals from Bonanza and Jenny Lind, Arkansas Nos. 2 

and 3, are more efficient than those from Denning and Huntington, Arkansas Nos. 5 and 1, respectively. In order to compare the

efficiency of the Arkansas coals in-general with the coals from other

parts of the United States with which they come in competition, a 

second table is given in which the average results from 4 Arkansas 

coals are combined with similar results from 12 coals from West Virginia, 6 from Illinois, 4 from Indian Territory, 8 from Kansas, and 8 

from Missouri. It will be readily seen from this table that average 

Arkansas coals are nearly, though probably not quite, as efficient as 

those from West Virginia, and that they are better than coals from 

Indian Territory and Kansas, and very much better than those from 

Illinois and Missouri.

Although these results and the comparisons based on them would 

undoubtedly be modified if they were obtained from boilers and grates 

especially adapted to the coal burned, it is believed that they show 

fairly well the relative efficiency of the Arkansas coal as compared 

with other coals with which it comes into competition.
CONDITIONS OF MINING. 103 ,

Determinations of efficiency of four Arkansas coals by boiler tests, and averages of coals 

 > .. from various other States for comparison.

Designation.

Arkansas No. 1, Hi.mtington....

Arkansas No. 3, Jenny Lincl ....

Water at

212° F. evaporated per

pound of coal.

Pounds.

8.80

9.72

9.50

8.04

9.03

9.72

8.19

8.23

7. GO

8.17

British thermal units absorbed by

boiler.

8, 55f:

9,387

9,174

7 764

8,720

9,388

7.292

7.909

7, 948

7,239

7,894

Calorific

valueinB.t.u. determined bv oxygen calorimeter.

13,572

14,244

14,151

13,617

13,893

14, 460

12,292

12,820

12,983

12, 169

12,746

Pounds of

coal per hour 

per indicated

horsepower.

3.12

2.91

2.98

'1 <W

3.13

'2.92

3.75

3.40

3.20

3.77

3.33

Pounds of

coal used per 

electric horsepower hour

3.86

3.59

3.68

4.?A

3.87

3.61

4.64

4.28

4.26

4.66

 4.11

CONDITIONS OF MINING AND DEVELOPMENT. 

PRODUCTION.

The statistics of coal mining in Arkansas for the last sixty-five years 

show a production of 220 tons in the year 1840 and 200 tons in 1860. a 

During those years the coal was used almost exclusively for blacksmithing, and was obtained from strip pits, which were worked only 

occasionally. The development of the coal industry on a commercial 

scale was started about 1870, when a steam plant was put in operation 

at the mouth of Spadra Creek. Coals from the Ouita basin ,and the 

Coal Hill mines were brought to market about 1873, after the extension of the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad.

By the year 1880 the production had reached 14,778 tons, and 

from that time it steadily increased until 1903, when it attained a 

maximum of 2,229,172 tons. The decline in production since 1903 

is attributed to the competition of fuel oil, of which there was overproduction in Texas. Present conditions, however, indicate that 

the demand for Arkansas coal is again increasing, and were it not 

for the scarcity of labor and a general strike from April to June, inclusive, the production in 1906 would probably have nearly equaled 

that of 1903.

The four tables following, abstracted from Mineral Resources of 

the United States for 1905,6 show the progressive increase of the coal 

production since 1840, the amounts produced in the various counties 

since 1901, and the production, value, average price per ton, and 

number of men employed in the various counties in 1904 and 1905.

From the third table it will be seen that the greatest output is 

from Sebastian County, though the coals of the eastern end of the 

district namely, from Shinn and Ouita basins command the highest

» Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol. 3, p. 27.

6 Mineral Resources U. S. for 1905, U."S. Geol. Survey, 1906, pp. 550-552.
104 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

price, while those from the Paris basin are second in price and those 

from the Spadra and Coal Hill fields third. A fourth table showing 

the average price per ton of the coals of neighboring States which 

come in competition with the Arkansas coals is given for comparison.0

Average production of coal in Arkansas, 1840-1905. 

[Short tons.]

Year.

1840..................

1880..................

]881. .................

1882..................

1883..................

1884..................

1885..................

1886..................

1887..................

Quantity.

220

200

14,778

20.000

25,000

50,000

75,000

100,000

125,000

129,600

Year. .

 1888.................

1889.................

1890.................

1891.................

1892. ................

1893.................

1894. ................

1895. ................

1896.:...............

1897.................

Quantity.

276,871

279,584

399,888

542,379

535,558

574, 763

512, 626

598, 322

675,374

856,190

Year.

1898.................

1899.................

1900.................

1901.................

1902.................

1903. ................

1904

1905.................

Quantity.

1,205,479

040 CC4

1,447,945

1,816,136

1,943,932

2,229,172

2,009,451

1,934,673

Franklin 

Johnson

Coal production of Arkansas, 1901-1905, by counties. 

[Short tons.]

County.

Pope . . - - .............

Sebastiai 

Other cc

Tot 

To1

unties and small

al. ................

1901.

I 504,946

1,305,190 

6,000

1,816,136 

$2,068,613

1902.

1

338,013 

193,258 

21,751 

34,966 

1,325,181

30,763

1,943,932 

82,539,214

1903.

394,884 

198,999 

27,286 

48,836 

1,528,888

o30,279

2,229,172 

53,360,831

1904.

408,494 

217,667 

35,300 

51,488 

1,234,794

61,708

2,009,451 

$3,102,660

1905.

420,384 

214,234 

26,090 

39,685 

1,189,455

44,825

1,934,673 

$2,880,738

Increase (+) 

or decrease ( ), 

1905.

+ 11,890 

- 3,433 

- 9,210 

- 11,803 

- 45,339

- 16,883

- 74,778 

-$221,922

o Includes also production of Perry County. 

Coal production of Arkansas, in 1904 and 1905, by counties, uses, etc.

1904.

County.

Scott and Washington. .

Total.............

Loaded

at mines 

for shipment.

Short

tons.

210,062

30,700

44,053

1,174,630

59,720

1,920,159

'Sold to

local

trade 

and used

by employees.

Short

tons.

2 000

2,050

3,770

460

24,544

1,068

33,892

Used at

mines for 

steam

and heat.

Short

tons.

^ vin

5,555

830

6,975

35,620

920

55,400

Total 

quantity.

Short 

tons.

408,494

217,667

35,300

51,488

1,234,794

61,708

2,009,451

Total 

value.

QCQO 7flO

392, 445

77,461

168,245

1 780 203

101,603

3,102,660

price

$1.43

1.80

2.19

3.27

1.44

1.65

1.54

Average

number of

days

active.

168

175

194

189

158

194

165

Average

number 

of employees.

695

fico

115

229

2

QOA

69

4,580

1905.

Scott and Washington. .

Total..............

413,384

204,091

24,390

33,952

1,150,856

42,500

1,869,173

1,000

1,771 '800

813

7,667

1,245

13,296

6,000

8,372

900

4,920

30,932

1,080

52,204

420,384

214,234

26,090

39,685

1,189,455

44,825

1,934,673

$585,419

Ofi4 OQA

58,388 140. (nn

1,668,597

63,914

2,880,738

$1.39

1.70

2.24

3.53

1.43

1.49

202

164

191

217

168

216

177

7= A

730

104

140

9 ^KQ

79

4,192

Op. cit., p. 504.
MINING METHODS. 105

Average prices for coal at the mines in Arkansas and neighboring regions, 1901-1905.

[Per short ton.] /

State or Territory. 1901.

$1.10

1.14

1.03

1.01

1.62

1.39

1.22

.95

1.24

1902.

SI. 20

1.31

1.03

1. 10

I. 51

. 1.47

1.30

.99

1.38

1903.

SI. 22

1.51

1.1.7

1.23

1.82

1.65

1.52

1/06

1.61

1904.

SI. 20

1.54

1.10

1. 11

1.82

1.61

1.52

1.04

1.03

1905.

81. 21

1.49

1.06

1. 05

1.76

1. 50

1. 4(i

.99

1.58

METHODS OF MINING.

The methods of mining practiced in Arkansas are well adapted to 

the local conditions. The following general statements regarding

these methods are given for the information of readers who are not

familiar with those conditions.

System of working coal. Coal was first mined in Arkansas by stripping, and in some pits this method of mining is still followed, but 

most of the coal now mined is from deeper workings, which are 

reached either by slopes or shafts, the deepest mine in the State being 

a 480-foot shaft in Shinn basin in the eastern part of the field. In 

regard to mining by stripping little need be said, since the workings 

operated in this way are of rather small extent, and much of the coal 

accessible by this method has already been mined. As a rule, the 

overlying soil and shale are removed either by hand or by horsepower to a maximum depth of about 10 feet. The quality of the 

coal obtained is not greatly affected by weathering, and spme coal 

beds that are only 18 inches thick can be profitably worked.

Most of the deeper mines are still comparatively shallow, the average depth being less than 200 feet. In such mines, whether opened 

by shaft or slope, the room-and-pillar system of mining prevails, with 

local modifications, throughout the whole field. The pillars are not 

drawn after the rooms are exhausted. The entries are usually double 

in the larger mines, but in many small mines single entries are used. 

Some of the beds, especially those in which the coal is thin but of 

high grade, could probably be worked more economically by the 

"long wall" system, though it is not known that this has been employed anywhere up to the present time.

Mining. The actual mining of the coal is generally done by shooting or blasting it off the solid face of the bed. Owing to the friable 

nature of the coal, this practice results in the formation of a large 

percentage of slack, but it seems to be the most effective method possible in many of the mines, where the floor is hard and not well adapted 

to undercutting. In some of the smaller mines, where the coal is of 

high grade and commands a good price, undercutting by hand is the 

method used, and in a few mines where the bed is divided by a parting 

10616 Bull. 326 07 8
106 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

of soft shale or clay this is mined out by hand and the upper bench 

wedged down, after which the lower one is either wedged up or shot 

off the solid. Where the coal is hand-mined the percentage of slack 

is generally lower regardless of other characters of the coal.

No mining machines of any kind are used in Arkansas, and such 

machines are not likely to be used in the immediate future, since the 

beds generally are comparatively thin, and the percentage of slack 

from the cuttings of machines would probably be nearly as great as 

that made by shooting from the solid.

Haulage, ventilation, and drainage. In most of the larger mines 

haulage from the rooms to the main heading is by mules and in the 

main gangway by rope or cable, or, as in one of the mines at Bonanza, 

by electric motors. In many of the mines mules are used throughout 

and in a few instances the cars are moved wholly by hand. Ventilation is accomplished in the larger mines by fans and in the smaller 

ones by fire boxes. The mines are comparatively free from gas, and 

accidents from this cause are relatively rare. During the year ending 

June 30, 1906, 8 men were killed and 34 injured, among over 4,000 

employed in the mines, and most of these accidents were due to other 

causes than gas. Open lamps are used throughout practically all the 

workings. Since most of the entries are below drainage levels, pumping is almost invariably necessary. In most of the mines steam 

pumps are used, but some of the small mines are bailed with buckets.

Minimum limit of thickness. The minimum thickness of coal mined 

for shipment is found in the Ouita basin, where the bed averages 

less than 2£ feet. That mined at Paris is between 2 and 2| feet, and 

the coal mined for local supply in the Philpott basin is between 18 

and 20 inches thick. Special agreements are made with the miners 

in working these thin coals. In general a uniform rate per ton

applies throughout the Arkansas field for mining all coals in beds 

more than 2 feet 10 inches thick. Mining in thinner beds is considered "deficient work," for which special rates are made. Under 

favorable conditions it is probable that beds only 18 inches thick will 

ultimately be worked at a profit.

PREPARATION OF THE COAL FOR MARKET.

The coal is sold either in the form it comes from the mines, as " minerun," which includes both lump and slack, or, more commonly, is prepared for sale by passing it over screens which separate the slack 

from the lump. In general, bar screens not more than 6 feet wide 

and 16 feet long, with \\ inch spaces between the bars, are used. At 

some of the mines lump coal to be used for domestic purposes is 

graded into various sizes, such as pea, nut, and egg. In the Paris 

basin all of the lump coal is separated from the slack by hand with a 

fork, and the slack left in the gob. The same method prevails in the 

Ouita basin and at many of the small mines which supply local mar-
1ULLETIN NO. 326 PL.

AT SCRANTON ANTHRACITE COAL COMPANY'S MINE, SPADRA DISTRICT. 

and modern equipment for hoisting, screening, and sorting the Arkansas anthracite coal.
LABOR MINERS' CONTRACT. 107

kets within the coal field. The slack from all of the larger mines is 

marketed, the prices being usually less than one-third the price of 

lump coal. Slack from the bituminous coals of the west end of the 

field is sold in Kansas City and St-. Louis, where it is used for producing steam in stationary engines. The semianthracite slack from 

the Spadra field is used in lead and zinc smelters at Joplin, Mo. One 

of the most complete plants for screening and sorting coal in Arkansas 

is shown in PI. V.

Within the last two years the Central Coal and Coke Company has 

established a plant near Hackett for washing slack produced at their 

mines. Many of the impurities are thus removed from the slack, 

together with the finer coal dust, and the remainder, about 80 per 

cent of the original quantity, is raised in value almost to that of the 

lump coal. Washing plants have not yet been established in other

parts of the field, though it is probable that similar results can be

obtained elsewhere.

LABOR.

Except in a few very small mines all of the labor of extracting the 

coal is performed under contract by piecework at a definite rate per 

ton. The operator, therefore, has little to do in directing the miners 

except to decide what parts of the land shall be first developed. The 

rates for mining coal are established by definite agreements between 

the operators and the labor union. There are practically no miners 

in the field except union men. The conditions of mining as affected 

by the labor element, therefore, are best set forth by the contract 

between the operators and the labor union, which is given below.

During 1904 and 1905 the coal-mining industry in Arkansas was 

not interrupted by the labor strikes which prevailed in other States, 

but in 1906 all of the principal mines were shut down from the 1st 

of April to the 1st of July. Only a few small mines and strip pits 

worked by nonunion miners or by union men under special agreements continued in operation, and their output was unimportant. 

For two months preceding the strike all of the mines were unusually 

active, the coal obtained being hoarded in anticipation of the trouble. 

The amount of coal produced during these months was limited only 

by the capacity of the mines and the number of the men available.

PORTION OF MINERS' CONTRACT FOR DISTRICT 21, u. M. w. A. a

PRICES FOR MINING IN ARKANSAS.

All coal in Arkansas, at the option of the operator, to be mined and paid for on a 

sliding scale in proportion to the percentage, or weight, of lump coal contained in the 

whole, based on the present prices and size of screens where such are established.

That the question of establishing a scale of prices for mining mine-run coal in all the 

anthracite mines of Arkansas be referred to Commissioner Brown, on the part of the

«Joint Interstate Agreement and Contracts for Districts 14, 21, and 25 of Operators and Miners, 

adopted at Kansas City, Mo., June 16, 1906, for period ending March 31,1908, pp. 39-51.
108 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

operators, and District President Haaraty, of District 21, on the part of the miners, for 

adjustment.

The price for mine-run coal per ton shall be 62 cents.

For screened coal, per ton, 90 cents.

The operators are to have the option of paying on a screened-coal or mine-run basis. 

When the coal is mined on a screened-coal basis, the screens used shall be not more than 

6 feet wide, have bars not more than 16 feet long, and a 1 J-inch space between the bars.

OUITA.

For hand-picked coal, free from slack, slate, sulphur, bony, and black jack, the 

price shall be as follows: 

From the 1st of September to the 1st of March................................ $1. 22

From the first of March to the 31st of August.-............................. 1.07

SPADRA.

For screened coal per ton, from the 1st of September to the 1st of March...... $1.02

From the 1st of March to the 31st of August.................................. .92

For all coal under 3 feet in height, for each 3 inches less of coal, there shall be 5 

cents per ton additional to above prices. 

The price for narrow work shall be as follows:

20 feet gob entries or air courses................................... per yard.. $1.12

18 feet gob entries or air courses..................................... .do.... 1. 25

16 feet gob entries or air courses......................................do.... 1. 50

12 feet gob entries or air courses...................................... do.... .!. 75

8 feet entries or air courses............................................do.... 2.00

All brushing, 16 inches...............................................do.... 1.12

And all over 16 inches, 7 cents for each inch extra.

The company shall have the right to do all brushing by shift work at $2.56 per day 

when desired. 

All cross-cuts in rooms shall be...................................per yard.. $1.12

All room turning shall be..... .^...................................... do.... 1.12

RUSSELLVIbbE.

Ten cents per ton less than the price paid at Ouita.

ENTRY YARDAGE, ETC.

Entry, yardage, and deficient work will be 1903 rate. The same rules and customs 

defining deficient work in district 21 shall be in force during the life of this agreement.

For mining hand-picked or forked coal free from slate, slack, and other impurities, 

$1.05 per ton shall be paid.

Where draw slate or rock comes with coal the following prices shall be adopted:

For all over 1 inch and under 5 inches, 5 cents per ton extra; over 5 inches and less 

than 10 inches, 9 cents per ton extra; over 10 inches and less than 15 inches, 14 cents 

per ton extra; over 15 inches and less than 20 inches, 19 cents per ton extra.

LOCAL CONDITIONS.

The brushing price at Bonanza, Jenny Lind, Coal Hill, and Denning shall be $1.40 

for 18 inches of brushing. Where the company requires more than .18 inches to be 

brushed, they agree to pay 8 cents per inch for each additional inch over the 18 inches.

Draw slate in air courses will be paid as follows: 

For 3 inches or over........................................................ $0. 25

For 6 inches or over........................................................ .50

For 9 inches or over-........................................................ .75

For 12 inches or over.. J. ................................................... 1.00
MINERS' CONTKACT. 109

All coal in Arkansas 2 feet 10 inches and less in height shall be considered deficient 

work, except where special price has been made.

Scale of prices-to be paid for draw slate and rock at Bache & Denman's mines at 

Burma and Montreal No. 2:

Over 4 inches and up to 8 inches, 56 cents per yard; over 8 inches and up to 12 

inches, 84 cents per yard; over 12 inches, to be settled locally. Brushing entries to 

be |1.41 per yard.

Where bottom is taken up in rooms and room necks it shall be paid 56 cents per yard. 

This applies to Bache & Denman's mines at Burma only.

All break-throughs in Arkansas, when required to cut through, to be paid at the 

1903 rate.

Brushing bottom in entries, at Dallas mine, Burma, Ark.; width of brushing to be 

4 feet, height 4 feet 6 inches on top of rail. All over and above this height and width 

to be paid at the rate of 7 cents per- inch.

Air courses and rooms, 4 cents per inch for bottom brushing, width or roadway 

3 feet.

Where miners at Coal Hill, No. 18 Jenny Lind, and Denning, Ark., have been pushing cars both ways the company shall assist the miner one way when necessary; and 

all miners in the Indian Territory who have been pushing their cars both ways shall 

receive for all coal pushed over 200 feet 5 cents per ton extra. The conditions that 

prevail at Lehigh apply to all mines on the Atoka track in regard to lowering cars 

down to the switch.

That the loading rate of the McCurtain machine scale be extended over those mines 

in Arkansas which now carry 62 cents per ton mine-run tonnage rate. Where punching machines are installed, in Arkansas, the McCurtain cutting rate to be adopted. 

Where chain machines are installed, in Arkansas, the rate for runners and helpers shall 

be established by the commissioner and district president, and in case of their failure 

to agree, the matter will be taken up in the manner provided for other controversies.

Tnsifle day wage, scale..

Track layers.................................................... .per clay.. $2. 56

Track layers' helpers............ r ..................................... do.... 2. 36

Trappers...........................................................do.... 1.13

Bottom cagers....................................................... do.... 2.56

Drivers........... '. .................................................do.... 2. 56

Trip riders............:..............................................do.... 2.56

Pushers............................................................do.... 2.56

Water haulers and machine haulers.................................... do.... 2. 56

All other inside day labor.............................................do.... 2. 36

Spragging, coupling, and greasing, when done by boys.................. do.... 1. 75

Shot firers under normal conditions................................... do.... 3.00

The fire boss shall receive $3.04 per day and shall'be subject to discharge by the 

management of the mine without appeal; if competent, shall be given other work. 

The fire runner shall receive not less than $2.56 where such is employed. 

Electric hoist operators:

For boys «.........................................................per day.. $2. 00

Electric slope engineers........'...'.................................. .do.... 2. 56

Motormen...........................................................do.... 2.56

Pump men (inside)..................................................do.... 2. 56

Head machinist...................................................... do.... 3.10

Machinists..........................................................do.... 2.75

Day wages for digging coal............................................do.... 2. 81

Machine runners.................................................... do.... 3.00

Machine helpers.................................................... do.... 2.75

Shaft sinkers......................................................... do.... 3.04

a " Boys" means those of maximum age of 19 years.
310 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Outside day wage scale. 

First blacksmiths................................................per day.. $3.00

Second blacksmiths................................................do"... 2.75

Blacksmiths' helpers............................................... do.... 2.36

Carpenters^........................................................do.... 2.43

All other outside day labor ft .......................................do.... 2. 02$

Scale for engineers. 

Engineers:

First class, 500 tons and over ...............................per month.. $79. 00

Second class, 300 to 500 tons.:.................................do.... 73.00

Third class, 300 tons or less......................................do.... 65. 00

Tail rope and slope engineers, 5.9 per cent above present wages.

The minimum rate for tail rope and slope engineers shall be $2.38 per day, or $62 per 

month; provided, further, that the maximum rate for tail rope and slope engineers 

shall be $2.70 per day or $70 per month, twenty-six days to constitute a month's 

work and nine hours to constitute a day's work. All overtime in excess of nine hours 

to be paid for at a proportionate rate per hour.

The mining prices inside and outside day-wages scale (except engineers) provided 

for in this contract is based upon an eight-hour work day.

GENERAL CONDITIONS.

There shall be two pay days a month and the operators shall issue to each employee 

a statement of his account, which the employee may retain. The dates of pay days 

shall be arranged between the respective companies and their employees.

Where air courses are driven in chute or platform work that is, where the coal is in 

a greater pitch than 20° the work shall be considered as air-course work and shall 

be paid for at the regular district price, provided such air course or brake-through is 

cut or sheared before being shot.

The company shall put in all batteries, wing boards, and platforms in all chute work 

in district No. 21.

The miners shall load their own coal in pitching veins in this district at the regular 

scale price.

No person employed underground shall use an inferior grade of lard oil, and the use 

of any other except lard oil is prohibited. Rope riders in mine slopes are excepted.

The taking up of bottom for stub switches for chute rooms will be done by the miner 

and payment for same is referred to local union and mine officials for adjustment'. In 

the event of then* failure to agree, general resolutions to govern.

Where coal is screened before being weighed it shall be dumped on flat sheets and 

passed over the screen specified in the Pittsburg agreement, and there shall be no 

obstruction on said screen.

. When an employee leaves the employment of a company he shall receive all money 

due him within three days from the date of notice. Settlement must be asked for 

between the hours of 8 a. m. and 6 p. m. on day settlement is due.

All company men shall receive an equal share of all work when competent to do 

such work.

The gas man shall place marks at last inside break-through, showing clearly whether 

there is any standing gas in working place. Should there be standing gas, he shall 

place gas mark at room neck in addition to mark at inside break-through; but should 

working place be clear, he shall place marks so indicating this at coal face. No miner 

shall be permitted to brush out gas.

a Provided, That all carpenters now receiving more than S2.30 shall be advanced 5.9 per cent. 

6 Provided, That any class of outside day labor now receiving $1.91 or-more per day shall be advanced 

5.9 per cent. This provision only applies to outside labor not otherwise enumerated.
MINERS' CONTRACT. Ill

Miners shall have the right to send out their dull tools on top of loaded cars and 

the company shall deliver same to blacksmith shop for sharpening, and no man be 

allowed to carry tools up or down 'shaft. In slopes the company shall deliver the 

same to parting or bottom. The company shall not be responsible for tools.

Any underground employee not on hand to go down to work at the hour for commencing work shall not be entitled to go below except at the convenience of the 

company.

When an employee is sick or injured he shall be given a cage at once. When a 

cage load of men come to the bottom of the shaft who have been prevented from working by reason of falls or other things over which they have no control, they shall be 

given a cage at once. For the accommodation of individual employees less than a 

cage load who have been prevented from working as above cage will be run midforenoon, noon, and mid-afternoon to each working day: Provided, however, That 

the foregoing shall not be permitted to enable men to leave their work for other than 

the reasons stated above.

The sinking of slopes and driving narrow work through faults shall be left to local 

union and mine management for adjustment.

All double-shift places to be paid 28 cents per yard extra.

All wet entries, rooms, slopes, slope air courses, and all other work connected with

the slopes shall be left to local union and superintendent or manager for agreement 

of price.

Frozen or seamy coal, stuck top or bottom, shall be deficient work, and shall be 

paid for extra, the same to be determined by mine committee and pit boss. If they 

fail to agree the miner shall be given an average place in the mine.

There shall be no deduction for school purposes except authorized by the individuals.

For the health and safety of the miners' lives, air courses shall be kept up with the 

entries as near as possible, and crosscuts shall be driven every 40 feet; where gas 

exists, they-shall be driven every 30 feet. No room shall be turned inside the last 

crosscut.

Scale price for blacksmithing miners' tools and machine mine tools.

Three-fourths of 1 per cent on gross earnings for blacksmithing of miners' tools, 

and three-eighths of 1 per ce^nt on gross earnings for machine coal loaders' tools.

All sharpening and repairing, of tools shall be done, as promptly as possible.

The present conditions in regard to double and single work shall prevail. . Any employee absenting himself from work two clays and not reporting for work 

on the morning of the third day shall forfeit his right to his working place, unless 

excused by mine foreman, but shall be given another place on turn; provided, however, this shall not apply in case of sickness.

Where a fall occurs in any working place the company shall make preparations to 

clean up same within four hours from time of notice; failing to do so the miner or 

miners affected shall clean up same, company paying at the rate of $2.56 per sliift.

Price for moving all draw slate and rock exceeding 2 inches in thickness, 2$ 

cents per inch per running yard for each 5 feet in width, and all over and above to 

be paid accordingly. This applies to all mines except where there is a special contract.

Where rooms are driven up narrow on account of bad top, the yardage shall be same 

as that in air courses, measurements to be made from the entry; and when room is 

widened out one-half room turning shall be paid. Where bottom is taken up entry 

yardage shall be paid- This does not apply in rooms that have been widened out, 

then narrowed up and renecked, but in these cases the prices shall be the 1903 rate.

When a car leaves working place it is in charge of the company and average weight 

shall be paid for broken cars. Such cars shall be reported by the man that dumps 

the coal. The company shall keep all cars in good repair.

All coal 4 feet and over where it comes down to under a thickness of 3 feet 4 inches 

shall be declared deficient work. This applies to Arkansas and the Indian Territory.
r 

 

112 THE ARKANSAS COAL FIELD.

Where cars are delivered at working face all timber and rails shall be delivered there. 

Where powder is taken into the mine in kegs it shall be delivered to the working 

place; otherwise it shall be handled according to the methods in vogue at the various 

mines.

When any employee shall be requested to fill the place of another employee, as 

specified herein, he shall receive the wages of the employee whose place he takes, 

plus 28 cents; provided further, that it is not compulsory on any man who may not 

wish to take such place.

All questions that have been left to the president of the United Mine Workers of 

America, District 21, and commissioner of the Operators' Association, or to arbitration shall become a part of this contract and be binding upon both parties when 

the same have both been decided and agreed upon by the said president and commissioner, or by arbitration; and the operators shall furnish the district secretary of 

the United Mine Workers of America and also post at the mines the prices to be paid 

on and after June 16, 1906, based hereon. 

Color shall be no bar to employment. 

In behalf of the Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators' Association.

W. C. PERRY,

President,. 

S. J. TONKIN,

Secretary. 

In behalf of the miners.

PETE HANRATY, 

President Distric.1, No. 21.

S. F. BRACKNEY, 

' Secretary District No. 21.

 MINES, OPENINGS, AND EXPOSURES OF COAL.

i

 The following table presents in condensed form data of interest in 

regard to the mines, openings, and exposures of coal in the Arkansas 

field.
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of 

Location.

T.N.

9

8

7

R.W.

32

32

32

Section.

13, SW.iNE.J.

2, SE. \ SW. J.

9, SW. ±.

25, SE. i.

25, SE. \ SW. }.

35, SE. J.

36, NW.JNE.i.

1, NE. i10, SW. J SW. J.

Name of opening.

Herman.

Angelo Birt.

Kind of exposure.

Prospect.

Old strip.

Gas well, 500 ft.

Old shaft.

Old shaft.

Old strip.

Strip.

Old strip.

Drillhole, 190ft.

Section of coal bed.

Coal, 6 in.

Shale roof. 

Bone, 12 in. 

Coal 10 in. 

Shale floor.

Coal, 2 ft.

No record.

No record.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 9 in. 

Shale, 1 in. 

Coal, 5 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 

Shale, 3 in. 

Coal, 4 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 2ft.'4in. 

Shale, 6 in. 

Coal, 6 in.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Fort Smit

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal C

Location.

T.N.

7

R.W.

32

Section.

14, SE. i NE. J.

33, SE. 1 SW. }.

34, NE. i.

34, NE. J SW. J.

36, SE. J NW. i.

4, lot 4.

Name of opening.

No. 26, Central Coal 

and Coke Co.

No. 18, Western Coal 

and Mining Co.

No. 20, Central Coal 

and Coke Co.

Kind oi exposure.

Drill hole, 192 ft.

Drill hole, 276 ft.

Drill hole, 347 ft.

Shaft, 350 ft.

Shaft, 260ft.

Shaft.

Section of coal bed.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 6 in. 

Gray band, lin. 

Coal, 11 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 

Clay, 3 in. 

Coal, 2 ft. 3 in.

Shale roof. Coal, 2 ft. 2 in. 

Shale, 1 in. 

Coal, 11 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 2 in. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 5 in. 

Shale, 1 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
6

5

32

32

5, S. £.

21, SW. } NW. J.

22, SW. i.

24.

11, SW. i SE. i.

12, SE.JSW. i.

12, SW. i SW. J.

13, SW. i.

14, NE.iNE.i.

14, SE.iSE.i.

Hackett City Smokeless Coal Co.

Crop.

Slope..

Old shaft.

Drill hole.

Drill hole, 240 ft.

Drill hole, 187 ft.

Drillhole, 186ft.

Old shaft, 170 ft.

Drill hole, 163 ft.

Drill hole, 203 ft.

Coal.

 Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 8 in. 

Sandstone floor.

Coal, 3 ft.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in. 

Sandstone floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 8 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 1 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 7 in. 

Bone, 11 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 4 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 9 in. 

Bone, 8 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 7 in. 

Bone, 8 in.

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coa

Location.

T. N.

5

R. W.

32

Section.

14, SW. A NE. i.

14, NW. -J- NE. £.

14, SW. i NW. J.

22, NE. i NE. i.

1, lot 4 or 5.

1, lot 8.

1, lot 12.

2, NE. i.

2, SE.iNW.J.

Name of opening.

No. 4, Cherokee Construction Co.

Kind of exposure.

Drill hole, 177 ft.

Drill hole, 183 ft.

Drill hole, 239 ft.

Drill hole, 456 ft.

Shaft, 170 ft.

Old. slope.

Old slope.

Old slope.

Old slope.

Section of ccal bed.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 3 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 9 in. 

Bone, 8 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2ft. 11 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 3 in. 

Sandstone floor.

Sandstone roof. 

Coal, 4 ft. 3 in. 

Shale, 8 in. 

Coal, 3 ft. 6 in. 

Shale floor.

No record.

No record.

No record.

No record.

Stratigra

horizo

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor
MINES, OPENINGS, AND EXPOSURES. 117

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Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal C

Location.

T.N. R.W.

09OA

Section.

19, SW. J.

21, NE. JNE. j.

21, NW. J NE. i.

21, NE. J NW. }.

Name ol opening.

Witte Coal Co.

Davidson.

Seymour Coal Co.

Kind of exposure.

Slope.

Slope.

Slope.

Slope.

Section of coal bed

Shale roof.

Coal, 5 ft.

Shale, 7 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in.

Shale floor.

Shale roof.

Coal, 4 ft.

Shale, S in.

Coal, 3 ft. 4 in.

Shale, floor.

Shale roof.

Coal, 7 in.

Shale, 1 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 3 in.

Shale, 4 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 9 in. 

Shale. 8 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 9 in.

Shale, 1 ft. 6 in.

Bone, 6 in.

Coal, 3 in.

Shale floor.

Shale roof.

Coal, 2 ft.

Shale, 3 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 

Shale, 2 ft.

Coal, 2 ft.

Shale, 2 ft. C in.

Coal, 4 ft.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorne

Hartshorne
MINES, OPENINGS, AND EXPOSURES. 119

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Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal 

Location.

T.N.

7

R.W.

31

Section.

17, NE. J NW. J.

19, SW. J NE. }.

21, NE. J NW. J.

22, SW. J'SW. J.

22, SE. J NE. J.

22.

28, NE. J SW. i

31, SW. J NW. i

31, NW. J SW. J.

Name of opening. Kind of exposure.

Drill hole, 792 ft.

Drill hole, OCO ft.

Drill hole, 689 ft.

Drill hole, 89 ft.

Drill hole, 25 ft.

Drill hole, 305 ft.

Drill hole, 198 ft.

Drill hole, 271 ft.

Drill hole, 129 ft.

Section of coal bed.

Coal, 1 ft. 3 in. 

Shale, J in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 

Shale, 4£ in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 7 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in. 

Shale, 1 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in. 

Shale floor.

Coal, 3 ft. 9 in. 

Parting, 2J hi.

Coal, 3 ft. 9 in. 

Parting, 1 in.

Coal, 3 ft. .7 in. 

Parting, 3 in.

Coal, 6ft.

Coal, 4 ft. 5 in.

Coal, 4 ft. 5 in. 

Parting, 8 in.

Coal, 4 ft. 7 in. 

Parting, 5 in.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
6 31

32, NE. J NE. J.

32, SE. 1 NE. }.

32, SW. £ NE. J.

32, SW. J SW. J.

12NW. iNE.i.

12, SE. J SW. 1.

12, SW. J SE. i.

12, NW. J SE. i.

12, NW. J SE. J.

12, SE. J SW. J.

12, SE. J SW. J.

Western Coal and 

Mining Co., No. 17.

Greenwood Coal and 

Lumber Co., No. 1.

Drill hole, 204 ft.

Drill hole, 60 ft.

Drill hole, 77 ft.

Shaft, 212 ft.

Slope.

Drill hole, 13 ft.

Drill hole, 138 ft.

Drill hole, 75 ft.

Drill hole, 112 ft.

DriU hole, 16 ft.

Drill hole, 11 ft.

Coal, 4 ft.

Coal, 5 ft. 

Parting, 1 in.

Coal, 5 ft. 4 in. 

Parting, 1£ in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 

Shale, 4 in. 

Coal, 3 ft.

Shale roof.- 

Coal, 3 ft. 

Parting, up to 6 

in. 

Coal,. 3 ft. 

Sandstone floor.

Coal, 3 ft. 1 in. 

Parting, 2 in.

Coal, 3 ft. 5 in.

Coal, 3 ft.

Coal, 6 ft. 7 in. 

Parting, 1 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in.

Coal, 3 ft.

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal 

T. N.

6

R. W.

31

Section.

12, NE. 1 SE. J.

12, NW. J NW. J

12, NW. J SE. i.

12, SE.'JNE. J.

12, SE.JSW. i12, SW. J SE. J.

13, NE. JNE.J.

13, NE. iNW. J.

Name of opening. Kind of exposure.

Drill hole, 215 ft.

Drill hole, 15 ft.

Drill hole, 80 ft.

Drill hole, 125 ft.

Drill hole, 10 ft.

Drill hole, 150 ft.

Drill hole, 39 ft.

Drill hole, 40ft.

Section of coal bed.

Coal, 7 ft. 7 in. 

Partings, 5 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 11 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 3 in. 

Parting, 1 in. 

Coal, 3 ft. 4 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 5"in. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 8 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 5 in. 

Shale floor.

Coal, 2 ft. 7 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 7 in. 

Shale floor.

Stratigr

horizo

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho
5 31

17, S. * NW. i

18, NE. 1 SW. i

18, SW. i.

21, NE. J.

21, N. J SW. J.

29, SW. i.

5, SE. J.

7, SE. J SE. J.

8, NE. JNE. J.

IS, SW. i.

19, NW. JNW. J.

Skinner and Knott.

Swofford.

Bates and McWilliams

Irby Coal Co.

Moran Coal Co.

Cherokee Construction 

Co.

Branner Coal Co.

Slope.

Slope.

Shaft, 70 ft.

Slope.

Crop.

Old workings.

Prospect.

Slope.

Slope.

Slope No. 5.

Shaft, 60 ft.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 

Sandstone floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 8 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 10 in. 

Sandstone floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in. . 

Sandstone floor.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal.

Sandstone roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 4 in. 

Sandstone floor.

Coal, 3 ft. 4 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 6 in.

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor
T

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4 31

21, SE. 1NE. }.

22, SW. J.

26, NW. JNE. }.

27, NW. * SW. J.

12, SW. J.

15, NW. J.

16, SW. J.

17, NE. 1 SW. J.

G. W. Crab tree.

Central Coal and Coke 

Co., No. 2.

Central Coal and Coke 

Co., No. 3.

Bethel.

Clabprn.

Crop.

Slope.

Shaft, 49 ft.

Shaft, 23 ft.

Crop.

Old workings.

Old slope.

Prospect.

Coal.

Sandstone roof.

Coal, 4 ft. 6 in.

Parting, 1 ft. 

Coal, 6 in.

Parting, 2 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in.

Shale roof.

Coal, 4 ft.

Parting, 9 in. 

Coal, 6 in. 

Parting, 3 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in.

Shale floor.

Shale roof. ' 

Coal, 4 ft.

Parting, 9 in. 

Coal, 6 in. 

Parting, 3 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in.

Shale floor.

Coai.

No record.

No record.

Coal, 10 in.

Shale, 4 in.

Shaly coal, 8 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 7 in.

Shale, 2 ft. 6 in. 

Coal, 2 ft. 4 in.

Shale, 2 ft.

Coal, 4 in. to 1 ft.

Shale, S ft.

Coal, 3 in.

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of co

Location.

T. N.

4

3

R.W.

31

31

Section.

18 E.JSE. J.

v

1, SE. J NE. J.

8, NE.iSW.-J.

9, NW. J.

10, NW. J.

17.NW.iName of opening.

.

Chasteen.

Kind of exposure.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Drill hole, 391 ft.

Section of coal bed.

Coal, 1 ft.

Parting, 3 in.

Coal, 6 in.

Parting, 1 in.

Coal. 2 in.

Parting, 2 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in.

Parting, 1ft. 11 in.

Coal, 8 in.

Parting, 4 in.

Coal, 2 ft.

Shale roof.

Coal, 3 in.

Parting, 7 in.

Coal, 2 in.

Parting, 8 in.

Coal, 3 in.

Parting. 3 in.

Coal, 4 in.

Parting, 2 in.

Coal, 1 ft.

Shale floor.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal.

Shaly coal, 1 ft. 7 

in.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
9

8.

7

6

30

30

30

30

17, NW. J.

19.

33, SE-iNE. J.

22, NE. i.

7.

14, NW.-i SW. J.

24, S. -iNE.i.

25, NW.i.

32, SE.iSE. J. '

5, lot 5.

5, lot 5.

5, lot 5.

Gross.

Graves.

McConnel.

Drill hole.

Prospect.

Crop.

Drill hole, 698 ft.

Drill hole, 268 ft.

Old working.

Old working.

Old working.

Drill hole, 100 ft.

Drill hole, 36 ft.

Drill hole, 50 ft.

Coal, 9 in.

Coal, 10 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Coal.

Bone coal, 4 ft. 

Coal, 4 ft.

Shale roof. 

Bone coal, 9 in. 

Coal, 2 ft. 

Shale floor.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 4 in. 

Shale, 1 in. 

Coal, 2 ft. 5 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 6 ft. 10 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 9 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 3 in. 

Shale floor.

300 ft. abov

Hartshorne

Hartshorne.

Fort Smith.

Fort Smith.

Hartshorne.

Hartshorne.

Hartshorne.

Hartshorne.

Hartshorne.

Hartshorne.

Hartshorne.

Hartshorne.
Table of "mines, openings, and exposures of coal 

Location.

T. N.

.

6

R.W.

30

Section.

5.

6, lot 13.

G, SW. iSW.i.

6, lot 8.

6, SE. JNE.J.

Name of opening.

Fidelity Fuel Co., 

Banner mine.

Kind of exposure.

Drill hole, 345 ft.

Drill hole, 25 ft.

Drill hole, 20 ft.

Drill hole, 38 ft.

Slope.

Section of coal bed.

Shale roof.

Coal, 2 ft. 9 in.

Bone coal, 3£ in.

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in.

Shale, 2£ in.

Goal, 3J in.

Shale, 1 ft. 

Coal, 4J in.

Bone coal, 2 in.

Coal, 1 in.

Parting, 1 in.

Coal, 1£ in.

Bone coal, 3 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 7£ in.

Shale roof. 

Coal. 

Shale floor.

Coal, 5 ft. 6 in. 

Shale floor.

Shale roof.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in. 

Shale, 2 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 7£ in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 5 ft. 3 in. 

Bone coal, 3 in.

Sandstone floor.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
MINES, OPENINGS, AND EXPOSURES. 129

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*~* r. Clay roof. Coal, ft. 1Bone cal

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Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coa

Location.

T.N.

7

6

4

9

K. W.

29

29

29

28

Section.

13, NW. £ NW. i.

16, NE. iNE. J.

16, W. £.

20, NW. i.

25, S'W. J.

27, NW. i.

31 SW.|.

5, SW. £ NE. £.

6, S. i.

7, SB. J.

4, W. J.

6, SW. £ NW. £.

Name of opening.

Coal Ridge.

Bean.

McClellan.

Langston.

Lewis.

Anderson.

Kind of exposure.

Prospect, -16 feet 

deep.

Old workings.

Old workings.

Old slope.

Crop.

Strip.

Strip.

Drill hole, 28 ft.

Strip.

Crop.

Old working.

Prospect.

Section of coal bed.

Coal.

Coal; no record.

Coal; No record.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in. 

Shale floor.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 7i in.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in.

Coal; no record.

Stratigra

horizo

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Paris.

Paris.

Charlesto

Hartshor

Fort Smi

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor
8

7

28

28

8, SE. i SE. J.

11, NW. J.

17, E. fc.

28, SW. £.,

29, SW. i.

31, NW. J NW. i.

32, SW. J.-

32, NW. i SE. J.

34, SE. J.

2, NE. J.

3, SE. i NE. J.

13, SW. J.

16, SW. i.

17, SE. i NE. i.

22, NW. *.

Logan.

Minden.

Fealy.

Cotton.

Carter.

Prospect.

Well.

Crop..

Strip.

Crop.

Old strip.

Crop.

Strip.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Old working.

Slope.

Prospect.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 5 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 5 in.

Coal, 10 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Coal, 1, ft. 6 in.

Coai; 2 ft. 6 in.

Coal.

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Spadra.

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coa

Location.

T. N.

7

10

R. W.

28

27

Section.

22, SW. A NE. i.

23, N. J.

24, NW. J.

24, NE. J.

30, SE. J.

32, NW. i.

33, NW. £.

33, NE. J.

3, SW. i.

8, SE. J NW. J.

10, SW. 1.

34, SE. i.

Name of opening. Kind of exposure.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Strip.

Slope.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Crop.

Section of coal bed.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Coal, 9 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal.

Coal, 10 in.

Coal, 10 in.

Coal.

Coal.

Stratigra

horizo

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Below H

home.

Below H

horne.

Below H

horne.

Below H

horne.
9

8

7

27

27

27

36, NE. -J.

9, SE. J.

11, NW. J.

23, NE. J.

22, SE. J.

30, NW. J. '

35, SW. i.

35, NE. }. ""

3, SW. i.

10, NE.J.

13, N. i14, NE/f. '

 18, SW. J.

19, W. J.

33, W. i.

Adams.

Carpenter.

Ockenfels.

Caulk' s.

Crop. .

Drill hole, 258 ft.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Crop.

Strip.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Coal.

Shaly coal, 2 in. 

Coal, 11 in. 

Shaly coal, 1 in. 

Coal, 11 in. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 10 in.

Coal, 5 in.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in.

Coal, 6 in.

Coal, 10 in.

Coal, 1ft. 11 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 1 in.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal, 2ft. 6 in.

Coal.

Below Ha

horne.

Below Ha

home.

Below Ha

horne.

Hartshorn

Charleston

Charleston

Paris.

Paris.

Charleston

Charleston

Spadra.'

Hartshorn

Charleston

Charleston

Hartshorn
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal 

Location.

T.N.

10

R.W.

26

Section.

12, SW. i.

13, NE. i NW. J.

22.

23, NW. i SW. i23, SW. i NW. i27, NW. J NW. J.

6, SE.iSE. J.

7, SE. J.

17, SW. i.

20, NE. iNW. J.

21, SE.JNW. i

Name of opening.

Old Moomaw openings.

-

Garritz.

Kind of exposure.

Old working.

Well, 27 ft.

Slopes.

Slope.

Slope.

Prospect.

Crop.

Crop.

Slope.

Drill hole, 457 ft.

Drill hole, 24 ft.

Section of coal bed.

Coal.

Coal; no record.

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in.

Coal, 6 in.

Coal.

Coal, 2 ft. 1 in.

Coal, 5 feet.

Coal, 6 in. 

Shale, 1 ft. 2 in. 

Coal, 2 ft.

Stratigrap

horizon

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Charleston

Hartshorn

Below Har

horne.

Below Har

horne.

Hartshorn

Below Ha

horne.

Hartshorn
26

21, SW. i SW. i.

22, NE. J SW. i.

22,'NW. JSW. J.

23, NW. i SE. i23, SE. i SE-i.

24, NW. i SW. J.

24, SW. i SE. J.

24 NE. J.

25, SE. J.

25, SW. }.

26, SW. i NE. i.

No. 2, Western Coal 

and Mining Co.

No. 3, Western Coal 

and Mining Co.

No. 5, Western Coal 

and Mining Co.

Drill hole, 66 ft.

Drill hole. 258 ft.

Shaft, 185 ft.

Drill hole.

Shaft, 160 ft.

Drill hole. 116 ft.

Drill hole, 27 ft.

Old slope.

Shaft.

Shaft.

Drill hole, 36 ft.

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in. 

Shale, 4 in. 

Coal, 2 ft: 3 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 

Shale, 8 in. 

Coal, 2 ft. 2 hi.

Coal, 2 ft. 3 in. 

Shale, 3 in. 

Coal, 2 ft.

Coal, 2 ft. 5 in. 

Shale, 1 ft. 

Coal, 2 ft.

Coal, 2 ft. 8 in. 

Shale, 1 ft. 2 in. 

Coal, 2 ft. 7 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 7 in. 

Shale, 3 ft. 

Coal, 1 ft. 11 in.

Coal, 4 ft. 6 in.

Coal, 1 ft.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal, 4 ft. 2 in.

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Below Ha

horne.

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal 

Location.

T.N.

9

8

R.W.

26

26

Section.

27, NE. £ NE. i.

27, SE. i.

 28NE. iNE.J.

28, NE.-J- SE. 1.

34, S. i NW. 1.

26, SW. i SW. 1. '

28, SE. J.

28, SW. i.

29, SE. J.

29, SW. i SW. 1.

31, NE. i.

Name of opening.

Goldsworthy.

Kind of exposure.

Drill hole, 121 ft.

Drill hole, 106 ft.

Drill hole, 142 ft.

Drill hole, 137 ft.

Drill hole, 108 ft.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Old working.

Crop.

Section of coal bed.

Coal, 2 ft. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 2 ft. 7 in.

Coal, 4 ft. 3 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 3 in. 

Shale, 3 in. 

Coal, 2 ft.

Coal, 4ft.

Coal, 1 ft.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in.

Coal.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 4 in.

Coal.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Paris.

Paris.

Paris.

Paris.

Paris.

Ahove Pa
rbd 

c

7

10

26

25

35, NW. i NE. i.

35, E. J.

1, SW. J. .

1, SE. JNW. J.

2. SE. i. .

3, SE.J.

6, SE. i.

10, SW. i NW. i.

10, SE. i NE. J.

15, NE. i.

18, W. ,J.

20, NE. i.

26, SE. J SE. }.

Blue Ribbon.

Baxley.

Domestic Coal Co.

Enterprise Mining Co.

Spot Cash.

Union Coal Co.

Paris Coal Co.

Pete Close.

Philpott.

Slope.

Slope.

Slope.

Slope.

Shaft.

Drill hole, 182 ft.

Strip.

Shaft.

' Slope.

Prospect.

Slope.

Slope.

Prospect.

Coal.

Coal.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 6 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in.

Coal.

Coal, 2 ft. 8 in.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in. 

Fire-clay floor.

Coal; no record.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 10. in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Paris.

Paris.

Paris.,

Paris.

Paris.

Paris.

Paris.

Paris.

Paris.

Spadra.

Charlesto

Charlesto

Below Ha

horne.
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of co

Location.

T.N.

10

R.W.

25

Section.

31, SB. J.

35, SE". i.

3, N. J.

13, NW. J.

19, NW. }SE. i19, NW. \ SW. }.

19, SE. 1 SE. i.

19, SW. 1 SW. J.

20, SE. J NE. J.

20, NW. J NE. }.

Name of opening.

No. 4, Western Coal 

and Mining Co.

Stiewell.

Kind of exposure.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Shaft, 160 ft.

Old working.

Drill hole, 36 ft.

Old slope.

Shaft.

Old shaft.

Section of coal bed.

Coal, 1 ft.

Coal, 8 in.

Coal, 8 in.

Coal.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 5 in. 

Parting, 4 in.

Coal; no record.

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Stratigr

horizo

Below H

horne.

Below H

home.

Below H

home.

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho
MINES, OPENINGS, AND EXPOSURES. 139

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Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coa

Location.

T.N.

7

10

R.W.

25

24

Section.

8, S. §.

12, NE. i NE. J.

9, NE. J.

36, E. J.

1, NW. }.

3, NE! }.

5, NW. J.

6, NE. }.

7, SE. J.

8, W. \.

10, N. J.

Name of opening.

McConnell.

Kind of exposure.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Slope.

Crop.

Crop:

Old working.

Old working.

Old working.

Old slope.

Drill hole, 226 ft.

 

Section of coal bed.

Coal.

Coal, 1ft. 3 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 5 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 9 in.

Coal, 3: ft. 8 in. 

Parting, 6 in.

Stratigra

horizo

Charlest

Charlest

Charlest

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartsho

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor
24

14, SW. J.

17, SW. J NW. J.

18, NW. J.

19.

20, N. *.

20, S. i21, SW. J.

21, E. J.

22, W. §.

22, NE. J.

23, SE. J.

23, NW. JNW. J.

Pigg and Collier, Eureka Anthracite 

Coal Co.

Southwestern Coal Co.

Scranton Anthracite 

Coal Co.

Central Anthracite 

Coal Co.

Duck's Nest.

Needmore Mine, Spa,- 

dra Creek Coal Co.

Shaft, 140 ft.

Old slope.

Old working.

Drill hole, 443 ft.

Shaft, 315 ft.

Drill hole, 483 ft.

Drill hole, 448 ft.

Drill hole, 268 ft.

Shaft, 200 ft.

Shaft, 200 ft.

Shaft, 42 ft.

Shaft, 100 ft.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in. 

Parting, 6 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in.

Coal, 3 ft.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal, no record.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in. 

Parting, 2 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in. 

Parting, 2 ft. 

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 10 in. 

Parting?.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 5 in. 

Parting, 2 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 10 in. 

Sandstone floor.

Hartahorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne.

Hartshorne

Hartshorne.
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal 

Location.

T.N.

9

R.W.

24

Section.

23, NW. 1 NW. i.

23, NE. JNE.i.

24, NW. 1 NW. J.

24, NW. i NE. J.

24, NE. 1 NW. i.

2, SW. i NW. i5, SW. 1 SE. }.

12, NW. 1 NW. J.

Name of opening.

Me Williams, Ward & 

Co.

No. 5, Consolidated 

Anthracite Coal Co.

Clark and McWilliams.

No. 1, Consolidated 

Anthracite Coal Co.

No. 3, Consolidated 

Anthracite Coal Co.

Kind oi exposure.

Shaft, 85 ft.

Slope.

Shaft, 100 ft.

Shaft, 87 ft.

Shaft, '91J ft.

Drill hole, 848 ft.

Drill hole.

Drill hole, 1,137 ft.

Section of coal bed.

i

Coal; no record.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in. 

Parting, 4 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in. 

Sandstone floor.

Coal, 3 ft. 3 in. 

Parting ?.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in. 

Parting, 4 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in. 

Parting, 4 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in. 

Sandstone floor.

Coal, 3 ft. 6 in. 

Parting, 4 in.

Coal, 5 ft. 4 in. 

Parting, 1 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in. 

Parting, 3J im 

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor
15, SE. 1 SW. J.

17, SE. J SE. J.

17, NE.JNE. J.

20, NW. J SE. i.

21, SW. i SE. J.

21, SE. JSE. J.

22, NE. J SW. J.

22, SW. J N.E. J.

23, near center.

23, NE. J.

24, SE. JNW. J.

24, SW. JNE. J.

24, NE. JNE. J.

Drill hole, 433 ft.

Drill hole, 670 ft.

Drill hole, 924 ft.

Drill hole, 413 ft.

Drill hole, 86 ft.

Drill hole, 42 ft.

Drill hole, 80 ft.

Drill hole, 215 ft.

Shaft, 54 ft.

Drill hole, 278 ft.

Drill hole, 65 ft.

Drill hole, 88 ft.

Drill hole, 403 ft.

Coal, 3 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in. , Shaly coal, 3 ft! 2 

in.

Coal, 1 ft. 4 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in. 

Shaly coal, 3 ft.

Coal, 3 ft.

Coal, 3 ft.

Coal, 3 ft. 4 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in. 

Shaly coal, 1 ft. 9 

in.

Coal, 3 ft. 2 in.

Coal, 3 ft.

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in.

Coal, 11 in.

Coal.

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal 

Location.

T.N.

8

10

R.W.

24

23

Section.

28, NW. J NW. J.

9, SW. J.

10, SW. i17, N. J.

20, NW. J.

21, SE. J.

27, SW. J SW.J.

34, NE. J.

C, N. i.

11, NE. i.

ir, sw. j.

14, NW. iName of opening.

Mason.

Kind of exposure.

Drill hole, 168 ft.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Crop.

Slope.

Old strip.

Drill hole.

Drillhole, 646ft.

Crop.

Crop.

Section of coal bed.

Coal, 2 ft. 10 in.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal, 1 ft. 3 in.

Sandstone roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 9 in. 

Shale floor.

Coal, 1-ft. 3 in.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal, 8 in.

Coal, 8 in.

Stratigrap

horizon

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshqrn

Hartshorn

600 ft. ab

 Hartshor
9

8

23

23

16, S\V. i.

17.

17.

18, SE. \.

28, SW. \ SW. i.

30, NE. JNE. J.

31, NE. JSW. J.

20, NW. JNW. J.'

21, NE. J SE. i.

28, SE. i NW. i.

Union Anthracite Coal 

Co.

B rooks Mine, Western 

Anthracite Coal Co.

Clarksville Anthracite 

Coal Co.

Shaft, 150 ft.

Shaft, 240 ft.

Shaft, 112 ft.

Old workings.

Drill hole, 437 ft.

Drillhole, 270ft.

Drill hole, 518 ft.

Drill hole, 533 ft.

Drill hole, 525 ft.

Drill hole, 114 ft.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 3 ft. 

Parting, 3 in.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 7 in. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 1 in.

Coal, 3 ft. 6 in. 

Parting ?.

Coal; no' record.

Coal, 3 ft. 10 in. 

Parting, 4 in.

Coal, 3 ft. 4 in. 

Parting, 2 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 7 in. 

Parting, 4j in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 11} in.

Coal.

Coal.

Coal.

Hartshorne

Hartshornc

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coal 

Location.

T.N.

7

10

R.W.

23

22

Section.

4, W. 4.

4, W. J.

6, W. \.

6, W. i.

29, NW-iNW.J.

1, NW.i.

5, NW. }.

6, SW. J.

7, NW. i.

Name of opening.

Mose Pearson. 

Madison mine.

Garner.

Kind of exposure.

Drill hole, 470 ft.

Drillhole, 470ft.

Drill hole, 584 ft.

Drill hole, 584 ft.

Old working.

Crop.

Old working.

Shaft. 21 ft.

Shaft.

Section of coal bed.

Shaly coal, 1 ft.

Shaly coal, 3 ft.

Shaly coal, 1 ft.

Coal, 1 ft. 

Shaly coal, 7 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in.

Sandstone roof. 

Coal, 1 ft. 2 in. to 

1ft. 6 in.

Coal, 6 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in. to 

1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in. 

Parting, 7 in. 

Coal, 8 in.

Coal, 2 ft. 1 in. 

Parting. 

Coal, 1 ft.

Stratigraph

horizon.'

Hartshorne

435 ft. belo

Hartshorn

Hartshorne

451 ft. belo

Hartshorn

Hartshorne

Harts hom

sandstone

Hartshorne

Hartshorne

Hartshorne
9

8

9

8

6

22

22

21

21

21

8, E. £.

9, SW. J.

16, NW.-i.

20, SE. JNE.J.

25, W. J.

30, NE. J.

36, S. J.

22, SW. \.

SE. part of township.

15, SW. i.

27, NW. i.

33, SE. }.

-

Crop.

Crop.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Prospect.

Crop.

Well.

Crop.

Well.

Well.

Well.

C«al, 9 in. 

Shale, 5 in. 

Coal, 7 in.

Coal.

Coal, 5 in. 

Bony coal, 2 ft. 

lin. 

Sandstone, 5 in. 

Bone, 1 ft.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal, 10 in.

Coal; no record.

Coal.

Coal. i

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Hartshor

Hartshor

Hartshor

Charlesto

Charlesto

Charlesto

Hartshor

About 

ft. be

Hartsh

About 

ft. be

Hartsh

About 

ft. be

Hartsh

About 

ft. be

Hartsh
Table of mines, openings, and exposures of coa

Location.

T.N.

C

8

K.W.

21

20

Section.

34, E. J.

35, NW. -i NW. A.

35, W. J.

20 SW. i.

28, NW. -}.

29 NW. J. '

30.

30 SW. J.

17, SW. £.

18, SE. }.

Name of opening.

Humphrey- Smith 

Coal Co.

Ouita Coal Co.

Kind of exposure.

Crop.

Drill hole, 300 ft.

Drill hole, 80 ft.

Old drift.

Shaft,. 38 ft.

Prospect.

15 or 20 openings.

Shaft.

Old shaft, GO ft.

Old slope.

Section of coal bed.

Coal, 1 ft. 6 in. to 

. 1ft. Sin.

Coal, 8 in. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal, 8 in. 

Shale, 2 in. 

Coal, 1 ft. 8 in.

Coal; no record.

Shale roof. 

Coal, 2 ft. 4 in.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Coal, 2 ft. 2 in.

Coal; no record.

Coal; no record.

Stratigrap

horizon

About 

ft. bel

Hartsho

About 

ft. bel

Hartsho

About 

ft. bel

Hartsho

Hartshor

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn

Hartshorn
MINES, OPENINGS, AND EXPOSURES. 149

o

^

3

w

O

0) O

«j

*

P

SSo

w 1 

Shale roof.

Coal, 10 8in.toParting, in. to6

10 in.

Coal, 1ft.0 into

ft. 2in.

Sandstone floor.

-

i

53

S

!'

"§

 <)

ScS

ll

w

3"

a

c

L.

3

CO

3 

O

O

co

t>

SHartsho;

Section same as

above. next 

*

J^

CO

0) '1

03

'Q

<J

W

CO

I

CO '

IN

£'

^

3

CO

 'o

o

O

W

t>

ci

a

O

M

Shale roof. 

Coal, 10 in.Sin. toParting, in. 6to

in. 10

Coal, 1ft.0 into

ft. in.2

Sandstone floor.

8

03

W

a

1

6

I "3

P 0

is3 '3

«

if

a"

sH

Hartsho]

Same section as 

above. next 

I

53

g

«

o

3- '> o

3 '5

P?

Wa"

R

S' P

O

s

o

01

0

S

§

'

N

43

G

w

o3

W QJ 

.0 0

record. Coal; no 

1

 0

o

wCO

a

1 O

2

o

CO

IN

g

O

w

o

s

0)

^

3

CO

 5

O

CO

&

6

a

Hartshoi

' 1 O

t

0

w

00 

IN

g

O

tn

O

5

a

N

 4^

O

So

o

s

d

s^3

o

CO

o3

|1

O

t

o

^

ww

8

i

o

t

o

CO

CO

a?

^

s

CO

"o

01

o

ai

^

CO

aS

H Below horne.

d 

1

o

2

di

CO

to"

CO

8

.

INDEX.

A. Pago.

Acknowledgments to those aiding.......... 2-4

Aclis stevensana, occurrence of............. 34

Alabama coals, boiler tests of.............. 103

Alcthopteris ambigua, occurrence of........ 31

seslii, occurrence of......... 25,26,27,29,30,31

var. missouriensis, occurrence of... 29 

Allerisma terminale, occurrence of.......... 34

Alma, coal near.................... 05,68,77,79,83

coal near, analysis of................... 88

Alma district. See Van Buren and Alma

district.

Aloioptcris winslovii, occurrence of....... 27,29

Alston, coal near, analysis of............... 88

Altus, coal near............................ 66,83

coal near, analysis of................... 98

description of........................ 94

fossils near............................. 29

Altus fault, description of.................. 45

Androstachys sp., occurrence of............ 28

Annularia radiata, occurrence of........... 25,30

sphenophylloides, occurrence of........ 25,

26,27,29,30,31

stellata, occurrence of.................. 26,31

sp., occurrence of....................... 27

Anticlines, description of................... 37-39

Aphlebia hirsuta, occurrence of.......... 25,27,30

Area of region.............................. 4-5

Arkansas coal No. 1, analyses of........... 96

boiler tests of........................... 103

coking tests of.......................... 99

description of........................... 89

No. 1 A, analysis of....................... 96

description of..........................: 89

No. 1 B, analysis of....................... 96

description of........................... 89

No. 1 C, analysis of....................... 96

description of........................... 89

No. 2, analyses of......................... 99

boiler tests of........................... 103

coking tests .of ......................... 99

description of........................... 89

No. 2 A, analysis of....................... 97

description of........................... 89

No. 2 B, analysis of....................... 97

description of........................... 89

No. 2C, analysis of....................... 97

description of........................... 89

No. 3, analysis of ............:............ 97

boiler tests of........................... 103

description of...:....................... 89

No. 3 A, analysis of....................... 97

description of........................... 89-90

PageArkansas coal No. 3 B, analysis of......... 97

description of........................... 90

No. 3 C, analysis of....................... 97

description of........................... 90

No. 4, description of...................... 90

No. 5, description of...................... 90

No. 5 A, analysis of....................... 98

description of........................... 90

No. 5 B, analysis of....................... 98

description of.....'...................... 90

No. 5 C, analysis of....................... 98

description of........................... 90

No. 6, analysis of......................... 97

description of........................... 90

Arkansas Geological Survey, analyses by... 87-88 

Arkansas River, description of............. 8

flood plains of.............. .*.......... 22

Arkansas Valley, description of............ 9-10

faults in................................ 36

structure of............................. 36

Artesian wells, failure of................... 47

Asolanus camptoteenia, occurrence of ...... 20

Astartella conccntrica, occurrence of....... 33,34

vera, occurrence of..................... 32

varica, occurrence of................. 32,33,34

sp., occurrence of....................... 33

Asterophyllites equisetiformis, occurrence

of.....:......................... 28,30

Atkins, coal near........................... 82

Atoka formation, coals in ................. 81-83

correlation of........................... 12

fossils in............................;.... 15

gas in................................... 15

occurrence and character of.... 11,13-15,38,45

sections of, figures showing............. 14

structure in, plate showing............. 20

Auburn, coal at......................... 59,65,78

coal at, analysis of..................... 98

section of, figure showing........... 20

section at, figure showing.............. 20

Avicula acosta, occurrence of............... 33

Aviculipecten coxanus, occurrence of....... 34

gefmanus, occurrence of................ 34

whitei, occurrence of................. 31,32,33

sp., occurrence of....................... 32,33

Aviculipinna americana, occurrence of...... 34

B.

Backbone Ridge, coal in and near..... 51,56,57,81 

geology of........................... 14,51-52

Backbone Ridge fault, description of..'..... 41 

section of, figure showing............... 41

151
152 INDEX.

Page.

Backbone syncline, description of.......... 37

Bates, coal near............................ 62

coal near, analyses of................... 96

description of....................... 95

Bates and Coaldale district, coal of.......... 62-63

coal of, analyses of...................... 96

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

composition of, figure showing ..... 85

description of....................... 95

sections of, figure showing.......... 63

Bellerophon harrodi, occurrence of......... 34

sp., occurrence of....................... 33

Big Creek, coal at.......................... 78

coal at, section of, figure showing...... 77

Big Danger fault, description of............. 43

Big Danger Hill, coal at.................... 70,71

geology of...... i....................... 19,43

Biswell Hill, geology near.................. 52

Biswell Hill anticline, description of........ 37-38

Bloomer, geology near...................... 19

Boggy shale, correlation of................. 12

occurrence and character of............. 11

Boiler tests, description and results of... 101-103 

Bonanza, coal at and near.................. 51-54

coal at and near, analyses of........... 97

boiler tests of....................... 103

coking of........................... 99

section at, figure showing.......... 54

geology at. ............................ 12,15

Bonanza and Jenny land district, coals of. . SI55,78-79 

coals of, analyses of.................... 97-98

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

composition of, figure showing..... 85

sections of, figures showing......... 54,55

Booneville, coal near....................... 81

coal near, analysis of................... 88

Boston Mountains, description of.......... 9

structure of............................. 35-36

Brackett, R. N., analyses by............... 88

Branch, coal near........................... 64

Branner, J. C., work of..................... 2

Briquetting tests, description of......... 100-101

Burma, coal near........................ 17,57,61

coal near, analyses of................... 96

calorific value of, figure showing... '. 87 

composition of, figure showing... .. 085 

description of........................ 91-92

sections of, figure showing.-......... 60

fossils near............................. 26,33

geology at and near.................. 16,17,57

Burrows, J. S., sampling by................ 90

c.

Cabin Creek, building stone at..........

coal near.............................

geology near.........................

sandstone jointing near, view of......

Cabin Creek syncline, description of.....

Calamites ramosus, occurrence of........

- suckowii, occurrence of..............

sp., occurrence of....................

 Calamostachys sp., occurrence of........

20 

80 

70 

20 

40

. 29 

. 28 

29 

25 

Callipteridium ina'quale, occurrence of..... 30

membranaceum, occurrence of.......... 27

sullivantii. occurrence of................ 30,31

Campbell, M. 11., on formation of folds.... 48

on natural mounds..................... 22-23

sampling by............................. 89

 work of................................. 2

Carboniferous rocks, occurrence and character of.......... i.......'.......... 11-22

Cardiocarpon bicuspidatum; occurrence of.. 25 

branneri, occurrence of................. 31

circulare, occurrence of................. 26,31

Catholic Hill, geology at................... 45

Cauksville, coal near................. 64,65,77,78

fossils near............................. 27,31

Caulksville fault, description of............ 42

Center Cross, coal at, description of....... 94

Central, coal at...........................53, .77,78

coal at, analysis of..................... 88

section of, figure showing.......... 77

Central syncline, description of............. 39

Charleston, coal near.............. 63-64,77-78,80

coal near, description of................. 92-93

sections of, figure showing......... 77

fossils near............................ 28

geology near............................ 20

Charleston and Paris district, coal of...... 63-65

coal of, calorific value of, figure showing. 87

Charleston coal, character and description

of......................... 77-80,92-93

composition of, figure showing......... 85

description of, name of................. 49

fossils of................................ 27-28

occurrence of........................... 65-66

openings on ...... 117,119,130-134,137,140,147

samples of, description of.............. 92-93

sections of........................ 119,130,137

figure showing..................... 77

See also Coal Ridge coal.

Char-leston district, coals of................ 77-78

coals of, analysis of.................... 98

description of........................ 92-93

Cheilanthites pluckenetti, occurrence of..... 30

squamosus, occurrence of........ 25,26,29,30

trif oliatus, occurrence of............... 25,28

Chickalah, coal near........................ 82

Chismville, section at, figure showing ...... 16

Clarksville, coal near....................... 70,72

coal near, analysis of................... 88

description of....................... "93

geology near............................ 19,70

Clarksville fault,' description of............ 42-43

section of, figure showing.............. .43

Classification of coals...................... 84-86

Coal, analyses of............................ 87-99

character of............................ 83-87

classification of...............'.......... 84-86

composition of, figure showing......... 85

developments of...................... 112-K9

distribution of.......................... 49-93

efficiency of............................. 86-87

mining of, methods of................ 105-106

openings on........................... 112-149

preparation of........................ 106-107

production of......................... 103-105

tests of................................ 99-103

Coal-bearing rocks, age of.................. 24

 columnar section of, plate showing..... 12

deposition of........................... 24
INDEX. 153

Page.

Coal-bearing [rocks, occurrence and character of............................ 12-13

section of........."...................... 13

Coal beds, description of................... 50-83

development of....................... 103-112

distribution of.......................... 49-50

formation of............................ 49

geologic position of..................... 4-5

mines and openings on............... 112-149

minor structure of, figure showing..... 48

openings on.......................... 112-149

sections of............................ 113-149

thickness of............................. 106

Coal Hill, coal near......................... 68

coal near, analysis of.................... 88,98

boiler tests of....................... 103

description of....................... 93-94

See also Arkansas coal, No. 5. 

'fossils near............................. 25,26

stnucturc of............................. 66

Coal Hill and Denning district, coal of.. 65,66-86 

coal of, analyses of..................... 98

briquettes of........................ 101

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

character of........................ 86

composition of, figure showing. .... 85

sections of, figure showing.......... 68

fault in...................... 1.......... 65

map of.................................. 67

structure of, figure showing............ . 67

Coal Hill anticline, description of........... 39,66

Coal Hill coal, correlation of................ 24

fossils of................................ 25-26

Coal Hill district, coal of................... 65,82

Coal Hill fault, description of.............. 45

Coal Ridge, coal at......................... 78

coal at, section of, figure showipg...... 77

geology at.............................. 78

Coal Ridge coal, character and distribution

of............................... 77-80

correlation of........................... 24

fossils of................................ 24,27

See also Charleston coal. 

Coaldale, coal near......................... 63

fossils from............................. 33

Coaldale district. See Bates and Coaldale

district. 

'Coking tests, results of ..................... 99-100

Collier, A.J., fossils collected by........... 24

sampling by............................ 91,94

Columnar section, plate showing........... 12

Commercial relations, account of............ 7-8

Composita subtilita, occurrence of....... 32,33,34

Coops Prairie, gas at....................... 38

Cordaianthus flui tans, occurrence of....... 30

ovatus, occurrence of................... 31

Cordaites communis, occurrence of......... 27

 principals, occurrence of............... 30

sp., occurrence of....................... 30

Correlation, details of...................... 10-13

Crania sp., occurrence of................... 32

Crinoidal fragments, occurrence of...... 32,33,34

Crossotheca ophioglassoides, occurrence of. 29,30 

Cypricardinia carbonaria, occurrence of.... 34

10616 Bull. 326 07 11

D. Page. 

Dardanelle,coal near....................... 82,83

section at, figure showing.............. 14

Deltopecten occidental!s, occurrence of.. 32,33,34

texanum, occurrence of................. 33

Denning, coal near......................... 83

coal near, analyses of................... 88,98

character of........................ 68

description of....................... 90

See also Arkansas coal No. 4.

fossils near......................:...... 26

sections at, figures showing......... 14,16,68

Denning coal. 'See Arkansas coal No. 5. 

Denning district. See Conl Hill and Denning district. 

Derbya crassa, occurrence of............... 33,34

sp., occurrence of....................... 32,33

Development, conditions of.............. 1037112

Devils Backbone Ridge, coal in.......... 56,59,64

geology at.............................. 15,16

Devils Backbone Ridge fault, description of 42 

Dicks Branch, coal on...................... 76

Dielasma boviclens, occurrence of.......... 34

sp., occurrence of....................... 32,33

Dolerophyllum angularis, occurrence of.... 25

Drainage, description of.................... 8-9

Drainage, mine, methods of:............... 106

E.

Economic-geology, description of........... 49-149

Edmondia mortonana, occurrence of....... 34

nebraskensis, occurrence of............. 32

subtruncata, occurrence of............. 32

sp., occurrence of....................... 32

Elevations, description of.................. 9-10

Ellsworth, coal near........................ 82

Eremopteris lincolniana, occurrence of ..... 27

; spinosa, occurrence of.................. 27

Euconospira sp., occurrence of............. 34

Euomphalus catilloides, occurrence of...... 33

Euphemus nodicarinatns, occurrence of.... 32,33

Excelsior, coal near ........................ 58,59

Explosions, rarity of....................... 106

F.

Fairchild, H. L., and White, David, fossils

determined by................... 23

Faults:

local use of term of..................... 40

loss of vein through.................... 41

occurrence and description of..... 35-36,40-41

types of........................... 35-36,40-47

Fidelity Fuel Co., mine of, synclincin, figure

showing ........................ 48

Fistulipora sp., occurrence of............... 33,34

Fletcher Creek, coal on..................... 81

Folds, miniature, description of............ 48-49

figure showing............. ..'....... .... 48

Formations, correlation of................. 10-13

description of...............:........... 13-23

Fort Smith, artesian wells at, failure of.... 47

building store at........................ 20

coal at and near..................... 55,77,79

analysis of.......................... 98

section of, figure showing........... 20
154- INDEX.

Fort Smith, gas at..............

geology at..................

fossils near.................

population and situation of. 

section at, figure showing...

Page. 

...... 15

...... 19

...... 33

/..... 7

...... 20

Fort Smith coal, openings on..... 113,119,127,130

sections of ...........................'. 113,119

Fort Smith formation, building stone from 20 

coals in................................. 19,77

sections of, figures showing......... 20

correlation of........................... 12

fossils in................................ 20

occurrence and description of..... 13,18-20,46

sections of, figure showing.............. 20

Fort Smith syncline, description of........ 39

Frazer, Persiflor, on coal classification..... 85

Fuelytesting plant, coal samples of......... 88-95

coal samples of, analyses of............. 95-99

boiler tests of..................... 101-103

briquetting tests of............... 100-101

coking tests of..................... 19,100

G.

Galla Rock, coal near....................... 82

Game Hill anticline, description of......... 38

Gas, occurrence of.......................... 38

Geography, .description of.................. 4-10

Geologic map and section ................ Pocket

Geology, description of..................... 10-49

See also Paleontology; Stratigraphy;

Structure. 

Geology, economic, description of......... 49-149

Girty, G. H., fossils determined by......... 23

report of, on Arkansas fossils.......... 31-35

Grand Prairie, coal on...................... 64

Grand Ridge, geology at................... 78

Greenwood, coals at and near........... 39,59-60

coals at and near, analyses of .......... 88,97

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

composition of, figure showing..... 85

description of....................... 92

geology near............................ 19,52

Greenwood and Huntington district, coal

of............................... 56-62

coal of, analyses of ..................... 96-97

character of........................ 56-57

depths to ............................. 62

distribution of...................... 57-62

location and extent of.............. 56

sections of, figure showing.......... 58

Greenwood syncline, coal in................ 56

description of........................... 33

Griffithides sp., occurrence of............... 33

Groves, J. W., sampling by................ 89-90

H.

Hackett, coals at and near........... 39,56-59,81

coals at and near, analyses of.......... 88,97

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

composition of, figure showing ..... 85

description of....................... 92

sections of, figure showing.......... 58

geology at........................... 12,15,52

section at, figure showing.............. 16

Hartford, coal near...................... 56,61-62

coal near, analyses of .................. 88,96

description of........................... 95

fossils near............................. 29

Hartford anticline, description of.......... 38

Hartman, coal near........................ 67

fossils near............................. 27

Hartman fault, description of ............. 44-45

Hartshorne coals, character and distribution of................. 50-51,57,89-93

description of..................... 51-77,89-92

distribution of, map showing........... 51

name of................................. 49

occurrence of.................. 11,16-17,38-39

openings on........... 113-131,133-136,138-149

sections of............ 113-129,134-136,138-149

Hartshorne sandstone, correlation of ...... 12

exposure of, views of................... 16,18

occurrence and character of............ 11-13,

15-17,37-38,42-46,50-51,57,66,74^76-77 

sections of, figures showing............. 16

structure in, view of.................... 18

Haulage, methods of....................... 106

Hawlea cristata, occurrence of............. 27

Huntington, coal at and near......... 56,61-62,79

coal at and near, analysis of............ 88

boiler tests of........................ 103

briquetting of...................... 100

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

coking of........................... 99

composition of, figure showing...... 85

sections of, figure showing.......... 61

gas at................................... .15

section near, figure showing............ 14

Huntington coal, calorific value of, figure

showing........................ 87

composition of, figure showing.....'..... 85

description of........................... 89

occurrence of........................... 12

See also Arkansas coal No. 1. 

Huntington district. See Greenwood and

Huntington district. 

Hustedia monnoni, occurrence of........ 32,33,34

I.

Illinois coals, boiler tests of ................ 103

briquetting tests of...................... 101

Indian Territory, coal-bearing rocks in..... 16

coal-bearing rocks in, description of.... 11

section of........................... 11

coals of, boiler tests of.................. 103

Investigation of field, need of.............. 1

prosecution of.......................... 1-4

J.

Jenny Lind, coal at and near............... 52-55

coal at and near, analyses of......... 88,97-98

boiler tests of...................... 103

bri4uetting of...................... 100

coking of........................... 99

description of.................... 89-90,92

sections of, figures showing... 52,53,54,55 

See also Arkansas Nos. 2, 3, 6.
INDEX. 155

Page. 

Jenny Lind, sections at and near, figures

showing.................. 14.10,52,53

Jenny Lind coal. See Arkansas coal No. 3. 

Jenny Lind district. See Bonanza and

Jenny Lind district. 

Joints, description of....................... 47-48

K.

Kansas coals, boiler tests of................ 103

Labor, conditions governing............. 107-112

Lamar, building stone at................... 20

coal at..................................

sections of, figures showing ........ 20,71

section at, figure showing............... 20

See also Cabin Creek. 

Leda bcllistriata, occurrence of............. 34

nasuta, occurrence of................... 32,33

sp., occurrence of....................... 32,33

Lcpidocystis vcsicularis, occurrence of...... 27

Lepidodendron oblongifolium, occurrence

of............................... 29

sp., occurrence of....................... 29

Lepidophloios scoticus, occurrence of....... 26

Lepidophyllum lanceolatum, occurrence

of............................... 27,28

missouriense, occurrence of............. 26

ovatifolium, occurrence of.............. 27

Lepidostrobus sp., occurrence of........... 28

Lima retifera, occurrence of................ 33,34

Lingulidiscina-convera, occurrence of ...... 34

Linopteris minister!, occurrence of....... 27,28,31

sq'uarrosa, occurrence of................ 25,27

Little Piney Creek, fossils from............ 32

Little Short Mountain, geology at.......... 21

Little Vache Grasse Creek, coal at.......... 79

Location, description of.................... 4

London basin, coal in........................ 74

description-of......;.................... 40

Long Prairie, coal at....................... 52

section at, figure showing.............. 52

Lophophyllum profundum, occurrence of 32,33,34 

Loxonema sp., occurrence of................ 33

M.

McAlester coal, recurrence of............... 11

McAlester group, coals in.................. 11

correlation of........................... 12

occurrence and character of............. 11,13

Macrodon obsoletus, occurrence of.......... 32)<(33

Magazine Mountain, coal at and near........ 76,81

geology at.............................. 20,21

Mansfield, gas near......................... 15

geology at.............................. 14

Map of Arkansas coal field................. 5, G

of Arkansas coal field, description of..... 5-7

of Hartshorne coal...................... 51

Map, structure, of Arkansas coal field...... 36

Map and sections, geologic, of Arkansas

field........................... Pocket.

Marginifera ingrata, occurrence of........... 33,34

muricata, occurrence of................. 32,33

sp., occurrence of....................... 33

Mariopteris incompleta, occurrence of 26,29,30,31

Page. 

Mariopteris latifolia, occurrence of......... 25

muricata, occurrence of................. 26

nervosa, occurrence of............ 25,26,29,30

occidentalis, occurrence of...... 25,26,29,30,31

sphenopteroides, occurrence of ... 27,29,30,31 

sp., occurrence of....................... 27,31

Market, preparation of coal for............. 106

Mason coal, correlation of.................. 72

Massard fault, description of............... 46

Massard Prai rie, coal at.................... 52,55

coal at, description of................... 94

section at, figure showing.......... 52

geology at.............................. 16,52

sections at and near, figures showing.... 14,52

Massard Prairie anticline, description of.... 38

gas in................................... 38

Mesler, R. D., sampling by................. 93-94

work of................................. 1-2

Michclinia sp., occurrence of................ 33

Midland, coal near.......................... 57,61

coal near, analyses of................... 90

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

composition of, figure showing ..... 85

description of....................... 90

sections of, figure showing.......... .00

Mill Creek fault, description of.............. 45-46

Mill Creek Ridge anticline, coal on .......... 64

description of........................... 38

Mines, abandonment of, owing to faulting.. 41 

list of................................. 113-149

Mining, conditions of..................... 103-112

methods of............................ 105-106

Minnow Creek, coal on...................... 76

Mississippian rocks, occurrence and character of............................ 11

Missouri coals, boiler tests of............... 103

Modiola subelliptica, occurrence of......... 33

Moniliporasp., occurrence of............... 33

Montana, coal near......................... 71

Montreal, coal near................... 17,50,57,CO

coal near, analysis of.........'.......... 97

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

composition of. figure showing...... 85

description of....................... 91

sections of, figure showing.......... 60

geology near..........................:. 57

Montreal synclinc, description of .......... 38

Moores Rock, coal at....................... 79

Mounds, natural, occurrence and explanation of.......................... 23

Mulberry, coal near......................... 65

Mulberry fault.............................. 46-47

Mulberry Mountain, coal at................ 80

Murchisonia sp., occurrence of.............. 32

Myalina aviculoides, occurrence of......... 34

perattenuata, occurrence of............ 34

pornif ormis, occurrence of.............. 32,34

N.

Naticopsis nana, occurrence of............. 32

sp., occurrence of....................... 32

Nautilus sp., occurrence of.............. 32,33,34

Nebo Mountain, coal near.................. 82

geology at.............................. 76-77

Neuropteris capitata, occurrence of...... 25,26,27

clarksoni, occurrence of................. 29,30
156 INDEX.

Neuropteris fimbriata, occurrence of....... 30

harrisi, occurrence of................... 25,26

jenneyi, occurrence of................... 27

misspuriensis, occurrence of. 25,26,27,29,30,31 

ovata, occurrence of.............. 26,27,29,30

rarinervis, occurrence of............. 27,29,30

rogersii, occurrence of.................. 25

scheuchzeri, occurrence of.............. 25,

26,27,28,29,30,31 

tenuif olia, occurrence of................ 25,26

Nucula ventricosa, occurrence of .......... 32,33

0.

Oak Valley, coal near....................... 53

analysis of.............................. 88

Odontopteris bradleyi, occurrence of....... 29,30

Orthoceras cribrosum, occurrence of....... 34

sp., occurrence of....................... 32

Ostracoda sp., occurrence of................ 32

Ouachita Mountains, description of........ 10

structure of............................. 35

Ouita basin, coal in........................ 74-75

coal in, section of, figure showing ...... 16

description of........................ 40,74-75

section in, figure showing............... 16

Ozark, coal near............................ 83

coal near, analyses of................... 88

section of, figure showing........... 77

geology near............................ 83

P.

Pachypteris gracillima, occurrence of...... 29

Paige, Sidney, sampling by................. 92

work of................................. 1

Paleontology, conclusions from............ 23-24

description of 1.......................... 23-35

Parallelodon tenuistriatus, occurrence of... 34

Paris, coal at and near.................. 40,63,80

coal at and near, analyses of........... 88,98

description oE....................... 93

fossils near. : ........................... 28,33

geology at and near.................... 20,21

Paris coal, age of........................... 24

calorific value of, figure showing........ 87

character and distribution of........... 80-81

composition of, figure showing......... 85

correlation of........................... 49

description of........................... 93

fossils of....................:........... 28

occurrence of........................... 21

openings on........................... 136-137

sections of............................ 136-137

Paris district, coal of....................... 79

coal of, analysis of...................... 98

character of........................ 80

description of....................... 93

See also Charleston and Paris district.

Paris shale, correlation of.................. 12

fossils of................................ 21

occurrence and character of......... 13,20-21

sections of, figure showing............. 21

Paris syncline, description of............... 40

Patellostium marcouanum, occurrence of... 34

sp., occurrence of....................... 32

Pecopteris candolliana, occurrence of ...... 27,29

clintoni, occurrence of.................. 26

Pecopteris dentata, occurrence of.......... 29,30

emarginata, occurrence of.............. 26

jenneyi, occurrence of...................' 29

oreopteridia, occurrence of............. 27,31

(Scolecopteris) miltoni, occurrence of... 25,27 

plumosa, occurrence of................. 25

robusta, occurrence of............... 26,30,31

vestita, occurrence of................ 25-30,31

villosa, occurrence of................ 27,29,30

sp., occurrence of....................... 25.

Pennsylvanian rocks, occurrence and character of......................... 11-22

Personnel of investigation .................. 1-2

Petit Jean Mountain, geology at ........... 76-77

Phillipsia cliftonensis, occurrence of ........ 34

Phllpott coal, correlation of ................ 50,92

Philpott district, coal of ................. 75-76,80

coal at, section of....................... 76

Phyllotheca sp., occurrence of .............. 26

Pickartz coal, correlation of ................ 50,76

description of ........................... 76

Pine Ridge, coal on ......................... 64

Pine Ridge fault, description of .. v ........ 42

Piney Creek, coal near ...................... ° 72

sandstone near, view of ................ 18

Platyceras nebraskense, occurrence of ...... 32

Pleasant Hill, fossils near .................. 29

Pleurophorus angulatus, occurrence of ..... 32

immaturus, occurrence of .............. 32,34

oblongus, occurrence of ................. 32

subcostatus, occurrence of........... 31,32,33

tropidophorus, occurrence of............ 34

sp., occurrence of ........................ 34

Pleurotomaria brazoensis, occurrence of..... 33

gifiordi, occurrence of .................. 34

subconstricta, occurrence of ............ 34

tenuicincta, occurrence of............... 34

sp., occurrence of ....................... 32

Plymouth, fossils from ..................... 33

Polypora sp., occurrence of ................. 33

Potato Hill, coal at and near ............ 39,64,81

geology at .............................. 20,21

section at, figure showing .............. 21

view of ................................. 10

Poteau Mountain, coal near ....... 57,62-63,79,81

coal near, character of .................. 86

description of ....................... 94

sections of, figure showing .......... 63

fossils from ............................. 34,35

geology at ........................... 12,20,22

Poteau River, description of ............... 8-9

Poteau syncline, description of..........'... 39-40

Prairie View, coal at and near .............. 65,72

coal at and near, analysis of ............ 88

section of, figure showing ........... 20

section at, figure showing .............. 20

Prairie View anticline, description of....... 38-39

Prairie View district, coal of ......:..... 72-74,79

coal of, sections of, figure showing ...... 73

structure of, figure showing ............ 69

Prairie View fault, description of ........... 42

Prairie View syncline, description of........ 40

Prismopora sp., occurrence of .... .^......... 32

Production, statistics of .................. 103-105

Productus cora, occurrence of .............. 34

nebraskensis, occurrence of .............. 34
INDEX. 157

Page. 

Productus, sp., occurrence of ............... 32

Pseudomonotis sp., occurrence of........... 34

Pseudopecopteris macilenta, occurrence of... 25,27 

Pteria ohioensis, occurrence of .............. 33,34

Pugnax osagensis, occurrence of ............ 34

Purdue, A. II., fault determined by ........ 42

on Arkansas coal field .................. 12

workof ................................. 2,3

R.

Railroads, description of .................. " -8

Renairitia sp., occurrence of ............... 27

Rhabdocarpus sulcatus, occurrence of ...... 25,20

sp., occurrence of ....................... 20,30

Rhombopora lopidodenclroides, occurrence

of ............................... 34

sp., occurrence of ....................... 32,33

Rich Mountain; coal at ..................... 82

Rolls, figure showing'....................... 53

occurrence and character of ............ 49

Russcllville, coal near ................ 74-75,7G, 83

coal near, analysis of ................... 88,99

description of ....................... 93

fossils near.............................. 25

geology tat.............................. 10

Russellville anticline, description of........ 39

Russellvilie district, coal of................. 74-75

coal of, analyes of....................... 99

calorific value of, figure showing.... 87

composition of, figure showing..... 85

S.

Sallisaw quadrangle, fossils from........... 31

Samples, description of..................... 89-95

taking of, method of.................... 89

Savanna formation, coal in................. 11,22

correlation of........................... 12

occurrence and character of....... 11,13,21-22

Schizodus amnis, occurrence of............. 34

compressus, occurrence of.............. 34

sp., occurrence of....................... 32,33

Scolecopteris miltoni....................... 25

ScrantonAnthraciteCo.,breakerof, viewof. 100 

Septopora biserialis, occurrence of.......... 34

Shinn basin, coal in ..................... 74-75,82

coal in, description of................... 93

section of, figure showing........... 16

description of........................... 40,75

section in, figure showing............... 10

'Shoal Creek, coal near....................... 82

Short Mountain, geology at................ 21

section at, figure show! ng............... ' 21

Sigillaria discophora, occurrerice of....._.-.. 28

Sigillariostrobus quadrangularis, occurrence of...................... 25,20,27

Sixmile, fossils from..................... 32,34-35

Sixmile Creek, fossils from.................. 31

Slack, use of......'.......................... 107

Smith, Carl P., sampling by................ 91-95

work of................................. 1,2

Smith, J. P., analyses by................... 88

fossils determined by................... 23

Soleniscus klipparti, occurrence of. I........ 32

Solenomya sp., occurrence of............... 34

Spadra, coal near..................:........ 70-72

coal near, analyses of................... 88,99

description of....................... 93,94

fossils from............................. 31

geology near............................ 70

section of............................... 137

Spadra coal, calorific value of, figure showing.............................. 87

composition of, figure showing......... 85

description of........................... 93,94

occurrence and character of............. 70,72

Spadra district, coal of.................. 08-72,80

coal of, analyses of .................... 99

sections of, figure showing.......... 71

faults in................................ 70

structure of............................. 09-70

figure showing...................... 09

Spadra fault, description of................ 44,70

Spadra shale, coals in....................... 17

coals in, sections of, figures showing.... , 18

correlation of ........................... 12

fossils of............................. 18,26-27

 name of................................. 18

occurrence and character of....... 13,17-18, 45

sections of, figures showing.............. 18

Sphaerodoma sp., occurrence of............ 34

Sph'enophyllum emarginatum, occurrence

of................... 25,20,27,29,30,31.

emarginatum var. minor, occurrence

of.......-...'-..............-. 25,27,29

fasciculatura, occurrence of...... 27,29,30,31

majus, occurrence of................. 20,27,29

suspectum, occurrence of............... 25,20

thorii, occurrence of.................... 31

Sphenopteris (Hawlea) cristata, occurrence

of............................... 27,81

illinoisensis, occurrence of.............. 27

mixta, occurrence of.................... 30,31

pinnatifida, occurrence of............... 29,31

sp., occurrence of................. 20,27,28,29

Spielville, building stone at................. 20

Spirifer eameratus, occurrenqe of........... 33,34

rockymontanus, occurrence of....... 32,33,34

sp., occurrence of....................... 33

Spiriferina kentuckyensis, occurrence of.... 33

Spring Mountain, coal near.........'........ 82

geology at.............................. 70-77

Squamularia perplexa, occurrence of....... 32

Stenopora sp., occurrence of................ 34

Stratigraphy, correlation of................ 10-13

description of........................... 13-23

Structure, description of.................... 35-49

map showing........................... 36

topography a.nd, relation of, figure showing .............................. 52

Sub Rosa, coal near......... ................ 04

Sugarloaf Mountain, coal at............. 57,79,81

geology at............................... 20,22

Sugarloaf syncline, coal at.................. 39

description of........................... 39

Surficial deposits, character of.............. 22-23

Synclines, coal in........................... 36

description of........................... 39-40
JF"

158 INDEX.

T. Page.

Taff, J. A., fault located by................ 41

on Arkansas coal field.................. 12

work of................................. 3

Tennessee Kidge, geology of................ 19

Tennessee sandstone, correlation of........ 19

Topography, description of................ 9-10

structure and, relation of............... 52

Towns, list of.............................. 8

U.

Unions, labor, contracts with. 

V.

107-112

Vache Grasse Creek, coal in................. 59

Van Buren, coal near.................... 66,79,83

fossils near............................. 32

Van Buren, section near, figure showing... 14 

Van Buren and Alma district, coal of... 65-66,79 

Van Buren coal, fossils of................... 30

Page. 

Ventilation, methods of.................... 106

Vesta, coal at............................... 64

W.

Washing, use of............................. 107

West Virginia coals, boiler tests of......... 103

White, David, fossils determined by........ 23

report of, on Arkansas fossils.......... 24-31

White, David, and Fairchild, H. L., fossils

determined by.................. 23

Whiteoak Mountain, coal near............. 62-63

Winslow, Arthur, work of ................*. 2

Winslow formation, correlation of.......... 12

occurrence and character of....... 11,47,65,83

structure in, plate showing............. 20

Witteville, Ind. T., fossils from............. 30

Witteville coal, occurrence, of.............. 11

Y.

Yoldia carbonaria, occurrence of. ..... 32
CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL

SURVEY.

[Bulletin No. 326.]

The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual 

Reports, (2) Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral 

Resources, (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of United 

States folios and separate sheets thereof, (8) Geologic Atlas of the United States 

folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the 

others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists can be had on application.

Most of the above publications can be obtained or consulted in the following ways:

1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they

can be obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application.

2. A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress 

for distribution.

3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, 

D. C., from whom they can be had at prices slightly above cost.

4. Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public 

libraries in the large cities throughout the United States, where they can be consulted by those interested.

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of 

subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified 

into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology;. D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and 

physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water 

storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of Water; M, General hydrographic investigations; N, Water power; 0, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports; 

Q, Fuels; R, Structural materials. This paper is the one hundred and fourth in 

Series A and the one hundred and twenty-eighth in Series B, the complete lists of 

which follow (PP=Professional Paper; B=Bulletin; WS=Water-Supply Paper):

SERIES A, ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.

B 21. Lignites of Great Sioux Reservation: Report on region between Grand and Moreau rivers,

Dakota, by Bailey Willis. 1885. 16pp., 5 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 46. Nature and origin of deposits of phosphate of lime, by R. A. F. Penrose, jr., with introduction

by N. S. Shaler. 1888. 143pp. (Out of stock.) 

B 63. Stratigraphy of the bituminous coal field of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, by I. C.

White. 1891. 212 pp., 11 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 111. Geology of Big Stone Gap coal field of Virginia and Kentucky, by M. R. Campbell. 1893.

106pp., 6 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 132. The disseminated lead ores of southeastern Missouri, by Arthur Winslow. 1896. 31 pp. (Out

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B 138. Artesian-well, prospects in Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Darton. 1896. 228 pp.

19 pis. 

B 139. Geology of Castle Mountain mining district, Montana, by W. H. Weed and L. V. Pirsson. 1896.

164pp., 17 pis.

B 143. Bibliography of clays and the ceramic arts, by J. C. Branner. 1896. 114 pp. 

B 164. Reconnaissance on the Rio Grande coal fields of Texas, by T. W. Vaughan, including a report

on igneous rocks from the San Carlos coal field, by E. C. E. Lord. 1900. 100 pp 11 pis.

(Out of stock.) 

B 178. El Paso tin deposits, by W. H. Weed. 1901. 15 pp., 1 pi.
II . SERIES LIST.

B 180. Occurrence and distribution of corundum in United States, by J. H. Pratt. 1901. 98 pp., 14 pis.

(Out of stock; see No. 269.) 

B 182. A report on the economic geology of the Silverton quadrangle, Colorado, by F. L. Ransome.

1901. 266 pp., 16 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 184. Oil and gas fields of the western interior and northern Texas Coal Measures and of the Upper

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B 193. The geological relations and distribution of platinum and associated metals, by J. F. Kemp.

1902. 95 pp., 6 pis. 

B 198. The Berea grit oil sand in the Cadiz quadrangle, Ohio, by W. T. Griswold. 1902. 43 pp., 1 pi.

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PP 1. Preliminary report on the Ketchikan mining district, Alaska, with an introductory sketch of

the geology of southeastern Alaska, by A. H. Brooks. 1902. 120pp., 2 pis. 

B 200. Reconnaissance of the borax deposits of Death Valley and Mohave Desert, by M. R. Campbell.

1902. 23pp:,lpl. (Out of stock.) 

B 202. Tests for gold and silver in shales from western Kansas, by Waldemar Lindgren. 1902. 21 pp.

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PP 2. Reconnaissance of the northwestern portion of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by A. J. Collier. 1902.

70 pp., 11 pis. 

PP 10. Reconnaissance from Fort Hamlin to Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, by way of Dall, Kanuti, Alien,

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PP 11. Clays of the United States east of the Mississippi River, by Heinrich Hies. 1903. 298 pp., 9 pis.

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PP 12. Geology of the Globe copper district, Arizona, by F. L. Ransome. 1903. 168 pp., 27 pis. 

B 212. Oil fields of the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coastal Plain, by C. W. Hayes and William Kennedy.

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B 213. Contributions to economic geology, 1902; S. F. Emmons and C. W. Hayes, geologists in charge.

1903. 449pp. (Out of stock.) ^ 

PP 15. The mineral resources of the Mount Wrangell district, Alaska, by W. C. Mendenhall and F. C.

Schrader. 1903. 71 pp., 10 pis.

B 218. Coal resources of the Yukon, Alaska, by A. J. Collier. 1903. 71 pp., 6 pis. 

B 219. The ore deposits of Tonopah, Nevada (preliminary report), by-J. E. Spurr. 1903. 31 pp., 1 pi.

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PP 20. A reconnaissance in northern Alaska in 1901, by F. C. Schrader. 1904. 139'pp., 16 pis. 

PP 21. Geology and ore deposits of the Bisbee quadrangle, Arizona, by F. L. Ransome: 1904. 168 pp.

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B 223. Gypsum deposits in the United States, by G. I. Adams and others. 1904. 129 pp., 21 pis. (Out

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PP 24. Zinc and lead deposits of northern Arkansas, by G. I. Adams. 1904. 118 pp., 27 pis. 

PP 25. Copper deposits of the Encampment district, Wyoming, by A. C. Spencer. 1904. 107 pp., 2 pis.

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B 225. Contributions to economic geology, 1903, by S. F. Emmons and C. W. Hayes, geologists in charge.

1904. 527pp., 1 pi. (Out of stock.) 

PP 26. Economic resources of the northern Black Hills, by J. D. Irving, with contributions by S. F.

Emmons and T. A. Jaggar, jr. 1904. 222 pp., 20 pis. 

PP 27. A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains in Montana

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B 229. Tin deposits of the York region, Alaska, by A. J. Collier. 1904. 61 pp., 7 pis. 

B 236. The Porcupine placer district, Alaska, by C. W. Wright. 1904. 35 pp., 10 pis. 

B 238. Economic geology of the lola quadrangle, Kansas, by G. I. Adams, Erasmus Haworth, and

W. R. Crane. 1904. 83 pp., 11 pis.

B 243. Cement materials and industry of the United States, by E. C. Eckel. 1905. 395 pp., 15 pis. 

B 246. Zinc and lead deposits of northwestern Illinois, by H. Foster Bain. 1904. 56 pp., 5 pis. 

B 247. The Fairhaven gold placers of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by F. H. Moffit. 1905. 85 pp., 14 pis. 

B 249. Limestones of southeastern Pennsylvania, by F. G. Clapp. 1905. 52 pp., 7 pis. 

B 250. The petroleum fields of the Pacific coast of Alaska, with an account of the Bering River coal

deposits, by G. C. Martin. 1905. 65 pp., 7 pis. 

B 251. The gold placers of the Fortymile, Birch Creek, and Fairbanks regions, Alaska, by L. M. Prindle.

1905. 89 pp., 16 pis.

WS117. The lignite of North Dakota and its relation to irrigation, by F. A. Wilder. 1905. 59pp., 8 pis. 

PP 36. The lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits of western Kentucky, by E. 0. Ulrich and W. S. T. Smith.

1905. 218 pp.; 15 pis. ' - 

PP 38. Economic geology of the Bingham mining district, Utah, by J. M. Boutwell, with a chapter on

areal geology, by Arthur Keith, and an introduction on general geology, by S. F. Emmons

1905. 413 pp., 49 pis. 

PP41. Geologyof the central Copper River region, Alaska, by W.C. Mendenhall. 1905. 133pp.,20pls.
8EEIES LIST. Ill

B 254. Report of progress in the geological resurvey of the Cripple Creek district, Colorado, by Waldeumr Lindgren and F. L. Ransorne.. 1904. 36pp. 

B 255. The fluorspar deposits of southern Illinois, by H. Foster Bain. 1905. 75 pp., 6 pis. (Out of

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B 256. Mineral resources of the Elders Ridge quadrangle, Pennsylvania, by R. W. Stone. 1905. 86

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B 259. Report on progress of investigations of mineral resources of Alaska in 1904, by A. H. Brooks

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B 260. Contributions to economic geology, 1904; S. F. Emmons and C. W. Hayes, geologists in charge.

1905. 620 pp., 4 pis. 

B 261. Preliminary report on the operations of the coal-testing plant of the United States Geological

Survey at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., 1904; E. W. Parker, J. A.

Holmes, and M. R. Campbell, c'ommittee in charge. 1905. 172pp. (Out of stock.) 

B 263. Methods and cost of gravel and placer mining in Alaska, by C. W. Purington. 1905. 273 pp.,

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PP 42. Geology of the Tonopah mining district, Nevada, by J. E. Spurr. 1905. 295 pp., 24 pis. 

PP43. The copper deposits of the Clifton-Morenci district, Arizona, by Waldemar Lindgren. 1905.

375 pp., 25 pis. 

B 264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. Veatch. 1905.

106 pp.

B 265. Geology of the Boulder district, Colorado, by N. M. Fenneman. 1905. 101 pp., 5 pis. 

B 267. The copper deposits of Missouri, by H. Foster Bain and E. 0. Ulrich. 1905. 52 pp., 1 pi.

B 269. Corundum and its occurrence and distribution in the United States (a revised and enlarged

edition of Bulletin No. 180), by J. H. Pratt. 1906. 175 pp., 18 pis. 

PP 48. Report on the operations of the coal-testing plant of the United States Geological Survey at

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., 1904; E. W. Parker, J. A. Holmes, M. R.

Campbell, committee in charge. 1906. (In 3 parts.) 1,492 pp., 13 pis. 

B 275. Slate deposits and slate industry of the United States, by T. N. Dale, with sections by E. C.

Eckel, W. F. Hillebrand, and A. T. Coons. 1906. 154 pp., 25 pis. 

PP 49. Geology and mineral resources of part of the Cumberland Gap coal field, Kentucky, by G. H.

Ashley and L. C. Glenn, in cooperation with the State Geological Department of Kentucky,

C. J. Norwood, curator. 1906. 239 pp., 40 pis. 

B 277. Mineral resources of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Gold fields of the Turnagain Arm region, by

F. H. Moffit; Coal fields of the Kachemak Bay region, by R. W. Stone. 1906. 80 pp., 18 pis. 

B 278. Geology and coal resources of the Cape Lisburne region, Alaska, by A. J. Collier. 1906. 54 pp.,

9 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 279. Mineral resources of the Kittanning and Rural Valley quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by Charles

Butts. 1906. 198 pp., 11 pis. 

B 280. The Rampart gold placer region, Alaska, by L. M. Prindle and F. L. Hess. 1906. 54 pp., 7 pis.

(Out of stock.)

B 282. Oil fields of the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coastal Plain, by N. M. Fenneman. 1906. 146 pp., 11 pis. 

PP 51. Geology of the Bighorn Mountains, by N. H. Darton. 1906. 129 pp., 47 pis. 

B 283. Geology and mineral resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Crider. 1906. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

B 284. Report on progress of investigations of the mineral resources of Alaska in 1905, by A. H. Brook

and others. 1906. 169pp., 14 pis. 

B 285. Contributions to Economic Geology, 1905; S. F. Emmons and E. C. Eckel, geologists in charge.

1906. 506pp., 13 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 286. Economic geology of the Beaver quadrangle, Pennsylvania, by L. H. Woolsey. 1906. 132 pp.,

8 pis. . ' 

B 287. Juueau gold belt, Alaska, by A. C. Spencer, and A reconnaissance of Admiralty Island, Alaska,

by C. W. Wright. 1906. 161 pp., 27 pis. 

PP 54. The geology and gold deposits of the Cripple Creek district, Colorado, by W. Lindgren and

F. L. Ransome. 1906. 516 pp., 29 pis.

PP 55. Ore deposits of the Silver Peak quadrangle, Nevada, by J. E. Spurr. 1906. 174 pp., 24 pis. 

B 289. A reconnaissance of the Matanuska coal field, Alaska, in 1905, by G. C. Martin. 1906. 34 pp.,

5 pis. 

B 290. Preliminary report on the operations of the fuel-testing plant of the United States Geological

Survey at St. Louis, Mo., 1905, by J. A. Holmes. 1906. 240pp. 

B 293. Reconnaissance of some gold and tin deposits of the southern Appalachians, by L. C. Graton,

with notes on the Dahlonega mines, by W. Lindgren. 1906. 134 pp.,9 pis.

B 294. Zinc and lead deposits of the upper Mississippi Valley, by H. Foster Bain. 1906. 155 pp., 16 pis. 

B 295. The Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, description of Circle quadrangle, by L. M. Prindle. 1906.

27 pp., 1 pi. 

B 296. Economic geology of the Independence quadrangle, Kansas, by Frank C. Schrader and

Erasmus Haworth. 1906. 74 pp., 6 pis.

B 297. The Yampa coal field, Routt County, Colo., by N. M. Fenneman, Hoyt S. Gale, and M. R. Campbell. 1906. 96pp., 9 pis. 

B 298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by Myron L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 1906. 299 pp.
IV SEEIES LIST.

B 300. Economic geology of the Amity quadrangle in eastern Washington County, Pa., by Frederick G. Clapp. 1907. 145 pp., 8 pis. 

B 303. Preliminary account of Goldfield, Bullfrog, and other mining districts in southern Nevada, by

F. L. Ransome, with notes on the Manhattan district, by G. H. Garrey and W. H. Emmons.

1906. 98 pp., 5 pis. 

B 304. Oil and gas fields of Greene County,'Pa., by Ralph W. Stone and Frederick G. Clapp. 1906.

110 pp., 3 pis. 

PP 56. Geography and geology of a portion of southwestern Wyoming, with special reference to coal

and oil, by A. C. Veatch. 1907. 178 pp., 26 pis. 

B 308. A geologic reconnaissance in southwestern Nevada and eastern California, by S. H. Ball. 1907.

218 pp., 3 pis. 

B 309. The Santa Clara Valley, Puente Hills, and Los Angeles oil districts, southern California, by

G. H. Eldridge and Ralph Arnold. 1907. 266 pp., 41 pis. 

B 312. The interaction between minerals and water solutions, witli special reference to geologic

phenomena, by-E. C. Sullivan. 1907. 69 pp. 

B 313. The granites of Maine, by T. Nelson Dale, with an introduction by G. 0. Smith. 1907. 202 pp.,

14 pis. 

B 314. Report of progress of investigations of mineral resources of Alaska in 1906, by A. H. Brooks

and others. 1907. 235 pp., 4 pis. 

B 315. Contributions to economic geology, 1906, Part I: Metals and nonmetals, except fuels. S. F.

Emmons and E. C. Eckel, geologists in charge. 1907. 504 pp., 4 pis.

WS 215. Geology and water resources of a portion of the Missouri River Valley in northeastern 

, Nebraska, by G. E. Condra. 1908. pp., 11 pis. 

WS 216. Geology and water resources of the Republican River Valley in Nebraska and adjacent

' areas, by G. E. Condra. 1907. 71 pp., 13 pis. 

B 316. Contributions to economic geology, 1906, Part II: Coal, lignite, and peat. M. R. Campbell,

geologist in charge. 1907. 643 pp., 23 pis. 

B 317. Preliminary report on the Santa Maria oil district, Santa Barbara County, Gal., by Ralph

Arnold and Robert Anderson. 1907. 69pp., 2 pis. 

B 318. Geology of oil and gas fields in Steubenville, Burgettstown, and Claysville quadrangles, Ohio,

West Virginia, and Pennsylvania, by W. T. Griswold and M. J. Munn. 1907. 196 pp., 13 pis. 

B 320. The Downtown district of Leadville, Colo., by S. F. Emmons and J. D. Irving. 1907. 75 pp.,

' 7 pis. 

B 321. Geology and oil resources of the Summerland district, Santa Barbara County, Gal., by Ralph

Arnold. 1907. 91 pp., 20 pis. 

B 322. Geology and oil resources of the Santa Maria oil district, Santa Barbara County, Cal., by Ralph

Arnold and Robert Anderson. 161 pp., 26 pis. 

B 326. The Arkansas coal field, by A. J. Collier, with reports on the paleontology, by David White

and G. H. Girty. 1907. 158 pp., 6 pis.

SERIES B, DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY.

B 23. Observations on the junction between the Eastern sandstone and the Keweenaw series on 

Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior, by R. D. Irving and T. C. Chainberlin. 1885. 124 pp., 17

pis. (Out of stock.)

B 33. Notes on geology of northern California, by 3. S. Diller. 1886. 23 pp. (Out of stock.) 

B 39. The upper beaches and deltas of Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1887. 84 pp., 1 pi.

(Out of stock.) 

B 40. Changes in river courses in Washington Territory due to glaciation, by Bailey Willis. 1887.

10 pp., 4 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 45. The present condition of knowledge of the geology of Texas, by R. T. Hill. 1887. 94pp. (Out

of stock.)

B 53. The geology of Nan tucket, by N. S. Shaler. 1889. 55 pp., 10 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 57. A geological reconnaissance in southwestern Kansas, by Robert Hay. 1890. 49 pp., 2 pis. 

B 58. The glacial boundary in western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, by G. F.

Wright, with introduction by T. C. Chamberlin. 1890. 112 pp., 8 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 67. The relations of the traps of the Newark system in the New Jersey region, by N. H. Darton.

1890. 82pp. (Out of stock.)

B104. Glaciation of the Yellowstone Valley north of the Park, by W. H. Weed. 1893. 41 pp., 4 pis. 

B. 108. A geological reconnaissance in central Washington, by I. C. Russell. 1893. 108 pp., 12 pis.

(Out of stock.) . 

B 119. A geological reconnaissance in northwest Wyoming, by G. H. Eldridge. 1894. 72 pp., 4 pis. 

B 137. The geology of the Fort Riley Military Reservation and vicinity, Kansas, by Robert Hay. 1896.

35pp., 8 pis. 

B 144. The moraines of the Missouri Coteau and their attendant deposits, by J. E. Todd. 1896. 71

pp., 21 pis.

B 158. The moraines of southeastern South Dakota and their attendant deposits, by J. E. Todd. 1899. 

171 pp., 27 pis.
SERIES LIST. v V

B 159. The geology of eastern Berkshire County, Massachusetts, by B. K. Emerson. 1899. 139 pp.,

9 pis. 

B 165. Contributions to the geology of Maine, by H. S. Williams and H. E. Gregory. 1900. 212pp.,

14 pis. 

WS 70. Geology and water resources of the Patrick and Goshen Hole quadrangles in eastern Wyoming

and western Nebraska, by G. I. Adams. 1902. 50 pp., 11 pis. 

B 199. Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of Idaho, by I. C. Russell. 1902. 192pp.,

25 pis. 

PP 1. Preliminary report on the Ketchikan mining district, Alaska, with an introductory sketch of

the geology of southeastern Alaska, by A. H. Brooks. 1902. 120 pp., 2 pis. 

PP 2. Reconnaissance of the northwestern portion of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by A. J. Collier. 1902.

70pp., 11 pis. 

PP 3. Geology and petrography of Crater Lake National Park, by J. S. Diller and H. B. Patton. 1902.

107 pp., 19 pis. 

PP 10. Reconnaissance from Fort Hamlin to Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, by way of Dall, Kanuti, Alien,

and Kowak rivers, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1902. 68 pp., 10 pis. 

PP 11. Clays of the United States east of the Mississippi River, by Heinrich Ries. 1903. 298 pp., 9 pis.

(Out of stock.)

PP 12. Geology of the Globe copper district, Arizona, by F. L. Ransome. 1903. 168 pp., 27 pis. 

PP 13. Drainage modifications in southeastern Ohio and adjacent parts of West Virginia and Kentucky, by W. G. Tight. 1903. lllpp., 17 pis. (Out of stock.)

B 208. Descriptive geology of Nevada south of the fortieth parallel and adjacent portions of California, by J. E. Spurr. 1903. 229 pp., 8 pis. (Out of stock.)

B 209. Geology of Ascutney Mountain, Vermont, by R. A. Daly. 1903. 122 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 78. Preliminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by

I. C. Russell. 1903. 51 pp., 2 pis. 

PP 15. Mineral resources of the Mount Wrangell district, Alaska, by W. C. Mendenhall and F. C.

Schrader. 1903. 71pp., 10 pis. 

PP 17. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred

and third meridian, by N. H. Darton. 1903. 69pp., 43 pis. 

B 217. Notes on the geology of southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by I. C. Russell. 1903.

83 pp., 18 pis.

B 219. The ore deposits of Tonopah, Nevada (preliminary report), by J. E. Spurr. 1903. 31 pp., 1 pi. 

PP 20. A reconnaissance in northern Alaska in 1901, by F. C. Schrader. 1904. 139 pp., 16 pis. 

PP 21. The geology and ore deposits of the Bisbee quadrangle, Arizona, by F. L. Ransome. 1904. 168

pp., 29 pis. 

WS 90. Geology and water resources of part of the lower James River Valley, South Dakota, by J. E.

Todd and C. M. Hall. 1904. 47 pp., 23 pis. 

PP 25. The copper deposts of the Encampment district, Wyoming, by A. C. Spencer. 1904. 107 pp.

2 pis. (Out of stock.) 

PP 26. Economic resources of the northern Black Hills, by J. D. Irving, with contributions by S. F.

Emmons and T. A. Jaggar, jr. 1904.. 222 pp., 20 pis.

PP 27. A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearvvater Mountains in Montana and Idaho, by Waldemar Liiidgren. 1904. 122 pp., 15 pis. 

PP 31. Preliminary report on thegeology of the Arbuckle and VVichita mountains in Indian Territory

and Oklahoma, by J. A. Tall, with an appendix on reported ore deposits in the Wichita.

Mountains, by H. F. Bain. 1904. 97 pp., 8 pis. 

B 235. A geological reconnaissance across the Cascade Range near the forty-ninth parallel, by G. 0.

Smith and F. C. Calkins. 1904. 103 pp., 4 pis.

B 236. The Porcupine placer district, Alaska, by C. W. Wright. 1904. 35 pp., 10 pis. 

B 237. Igneous rocks of the Highwood Mountains, Montana, by L. V. Pirsson. 1904. 208 pp., 7 pis. 

B 238. Economic geology of the lola quadrangle, Kansas, by G. I. Adams, Erasmus Haworth, and

W. R. Crane. 1904. 83 pp., 1 pi! 

PP 32. Geology and underground water resources of the centraljGreat Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1905.

433pp., 72 pis. 

WS 110. Contributions to hydrology of eastern United States, 1904. M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. 

B 242. Geology of the Hudson Valley between the Hoosic and the Kinderhook, by T. Nelson Dale.

1904. 63 pp., 3 pis. 

PP 34. The Delavan lobe of the Lake Michigan glacier of the Wisconsin stage of glaciation and

associated phenomena, by W. C. Alden. 1904. 106 pp., 15 pis. 

PP 35. Geology of the Perry Basin in southeastern Maine, by G. 0. Smith and David White. 1905.

107 pp., 6 pis.

B 243. Cement materials and industry of the United States, by E. C. Eckel. 1905. 395 pp., 15 pis. 

B 246. Zinc and lead deposits of northeastern Illinois, by H. F. Bain. 1904. 56 pp., 5 pis. 

B 247. The Fairhaven gold placers of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by F. H. Moffit. 1905. 85 pp., 14 pis. 

B 249. Limestones of southwestern Pennsylvania, by F. G. Clapp. 1905. 52 pp., 7 pis.
VI SEEIES LIST.

B 250. The petroleum fields of the Pacific coast of Alaska, with an account of the Bering River coal

deposit, by G. C. Martin. 1905. 65 pp., 7 pis. 

B 251. The gold placers of the Fortymile, Birch Creek, and Fairbanks regions, Alaska, by L. M.

Prindle. 1905. 16 pp., 16 pis. 

WS 118. Geology and water resources of a portion of east-central Washington, by F. C. Calkins. 1905.

96 pp., 4 pis. 

B 252. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon, by I. C. Russell.

1905. 138 pp., 24 pis. 

PP 36. The lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits of western Kentucky, by E. 0. Ulrich and W. S. Tangier

Smith. 1905. 218pp., 15 pis. 

PP 38. Economic geology of the Binghani mining district of Utah, by J. M. Boutwell, with a chapter

on areal geology, by Arthur Keith, and an introduction on general geology, by S. F.

Emmons. 1905. 413 pp., 49 pis. 

PP 41. The geology of the central Copper River region, Alaska, by W. C. Mendenhall. '1905. 133 pp.,

20 pis. 

B 254. Report of progress in the geological resurvey of the Cripple Creek district, Colorado, by

Waldemar Lindgren and F. L. Ransome. 1904. 36pp. 

'B 255. The fluorspar deposits of southern Illinois, by H. Foster Bain. 1905. 75 pp., 6 pis. (Out of

stock.) 

.B256. Mineral resources of the Elders Ridge quadrangle, Pennsylvania, by R. W. Stone. 1905. 85pp.,

12 pis. 

B 257. Geology and paleontology of the Judith River beds, by T. W. Stanton and J. B. Hatcher, with

a chapter on the fossil plants, by F. H. Knowlton. 1905. 174 pp., 19 pis.

PP 42. Geology of the Tonopah mining district, Nevada, by J. E. Spurr. 1905. 295 pp., 24 pis. 

WS 123. Geology and underground water conditions of the Jornada del Muerto, 'New Mexico, by

C. R. Keyes. 1905. 42pp., 9 pis. (Out of stock.)

WS 136. Underground waters of Salt River Valley, Arizona, by W. T. Lee. 1905. 194 pp., 24 pis. 

PP. 43. The copper deposits of Clifton-Morenci, Arizona, by Waldemar Lindgren. 1905. 375 pp.,

25 pis.

B 265. Geology of the Boulder district, Colorado, by N. M. Fenneman. 1905. 101 pp., 5 pis. 

B 267. The copper deposits of Missouri, by H. F. Bain and E. 0. Ulrich. 1905. 52 pp., 1 pi. 

PP 44. Underground water resources of Long Island, New York, by A. C. Veatch and others. 1905.

394 pp., 34 pis.

WS 148. Geology and water resources of Oklahoma, by C. N. Gould. 1905. 178pp., 22 pis. 

B 270. The configuration of the rock floor of Greater New York, by W. H. Hobbs. 1905. 96 pp., 5 pis. 

B 272. Taconic physiography, by T. M. Dale. 1905. 52 pp., 14 pis. 

PP 45. The geography and geology of Alaska, a summary of existing knowledge, by A. H. Brooks,

with a section on climate, by Cleveland Abbe, jr., and a topographic map and description

thereof, by R. M. Goode. 1905. 327 pp., 34 pis. 

B 273. The drumlins of southeastern Wisconsin (preliminary paper), by W. C. Alden.. 1905. 46 pp.,

9 pis. 

PP 46. Geology and underground water resources of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, by

A. C. Veatch. 1906. 422pp., 51 pis. 

PP 49. geology and mineral resources of part of the Cumberland Gap coal field, Kentucky, by G. H.

Ashley and L. C. Glenn, in cooperation with the State Geological Department of Kentucky.

C. J. Norwood, curator. 1906. 239 pp.. 40 pis.

PP 50. The Montana lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet, by F. H. H. Calhoun. 1906. 62 pp., 7 pis. 

B 277. Mineral resources of Kenai peninsula, Alaska: Gold fields of the Turnagain Arm region, by

F. H. Moffit; and the coal fields of the Kachemak Bay region, by R. W. Stone. 1906. 80 pp.,

18 pis. \ 

WS 154. The geology and water resources of the eastern portion of the Panhandle of Texas, by C. N.

Gould. 1906. 64 pp., 15 pis. 

B 278. Geology and coal resources of the Cape Lisburne region, Alaska, by A. J. Collier. 1906. 54 pp.,

9 pis. (Out of stock.) 

B 279. Mineral resources of the Kittanning and Rural Valley quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by Charles

Butts. 1906. 198 pp., 11 pis. 

B 280. The Rampart gold placer region, Alaska, by L. M. Prindle and F. L. Hess. 1906. 54 pp., 7 pis.

(Out "of stock.)

B 282. Oil fields of the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coastal Plain, by N.M. Fenneman. 1906. 146 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 157. Underground water in the valleys of Utah Lake and Jordan River, Utah, by G. B. Richardson. 1906. 81 pp., 9 pis.

PP 51. Geology of the Bighorn Mountains, by N. H. Darton. 1906. 129 pp., 47 pis. 

WS 158. Preliminary report on the geology and underground waters of the Roswell artesian area,

New Mexico, by C. A. Fisher. 1906. 29 pp., 9 pis. 

PP 52. Geology and underground waters of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado, by N. H.

Darton. 1906. 90 pp., 28 pis.
SEEIES LIST. VII

WS 159. Summary of underground-water resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Crider and L. C: Johnson.

1906. 86 pp., 6 pis. 

PP 53. Geology and water resources of the Bighorn basin, Wyoming, by C. A. Fisher. 1906. 72 pp.,

' 16 pis.

B 283. Geology and mineral resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Crider. 1906. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

B 286. Economic geology of the Beaver quadrangle, Pennsylvania (southern Beaver and northwestern Allegheny counties), by L. H. Woolsey. 1906. 132 pp:, 8pis. 

B 287. The Juneau. gold belt, Alaska, by A. C. Spencer, and a reconnaissance of Admiralty Island,

Alaska, by C. W. Wright. 1906. 161 pp., 37 pis. 

PP 54. The geology and gold deposits of the Cripple Creek district, Colorado, by W. Lindgren and

F. L. Ransome. 1906. 516 pp., 29 pis.

PP 55. Ore deposits of the Silver Peak quadrangle, Nevada, by J. E. Spurr. 1906. 174 pp., 24 pis. 

B 289. A reconnaissance of the Matanuska coal field, Alaska, in 1905, by G. C. Martin. 1906. 36 pp.

5 pis. 

WS 164. Underground waters of Tennesseeand Kentucky westof Tennessee River and of an adjacent

area in Illinois, by L. C. Glenn. 1906. 173 pp., 7 pis. 

B 293. Reconnaissance of some gold and tin deposits of the southern Appalachians, by L. C. Groton,

with notes on the Dahlonega mines, by W. Lindgren. 1906. 134 pp., 9 pis.

B294. Zincand lead depositsof the upper Mississippi Valley,by H.Foster Bain. 1906. 155 pp., 16 pis. 

B 295. The Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, description of Circle quadrangle, by L. M. Prindle. 1906.

27 pp., 1 pi. 

B 296. Economic geology of the Independence quadrangle, Kansas, by Frank C. Schrader au<J

Erasmus Haworth. 1906. 74 pp., 6 pis.

WS 181. Geologyand water resources of Owens Valley, California, by Willis T. Lee. 1906. 28pp.,6pls.

B297. The Yam pa coal field, Routt County, Colo., by N. M. Fenneman, Hoyt S. Gale, and M.R. Campbell. 1906. 96 pp., 9 pis.

B 300. Economic geology of the Amity quadrangle in eastern Washington County, Pa., by F. G. Clapp.

1906. 145pp., 8 pis.

B 303. Preliminary account of Goldfield, Bullfrog, and other mining districts in southern Nevada, by 

I'. L. Ransome; with notes on Manhattan district, by G. H. Garrey and W. H. Emmons.

1907. 98 pp., 5 pis.

B 304. Oil and gas fields of Greene County, Pa., by R. W. Stone and F. G. Clapp. 1907. 110 pp., 3 pis. 

WS 188. Water resources of the Rio Graiide Valley in New Mexico and their development, by W. T. Lee.

1906. 59pp., 10 pis. 

B 306. Rate of recession of Niagara Falls, accompanied by a report on the survey of the crest, by

W. Carvel Hall. 1906. 31 pp., 11 pis. 

PP 56. Geography and geology of'a portion of southwestern Wyoming, with special reference to coal

and oil, by A. C. Veatch. 1907. 178 pp., 26 pis. 

B 308. A geologic reconnaissance in southwestern Nevada and eastern California, by S. H. Ball. 1907.

218 pp., 3 pis. 

B 309. The Santa Clara Valley, Puente Hills, and Los Angeles oil districts, southern California, by

G. H. Eldridge and Ralph Arnold. 1907. 266 pp., 41 pis. 

PP 57. Geology of the Marysville mining district, Montana, a study of igneous intrusion and contact

metamorphism, by JosephBarrell. 1907. 178pp., 16 pis. 

WS 191. The geology and water resources of the western portion of the Panhandle of Texas, by C. N.

Gould. 1907. 70 pp., 7 pis. 

B 311. The green schists and associated granites and porphyries of Rhode Island, by B. K. Emerson

and J. H. Perry. 1907. 74pp., 2 pis. 

WS 195. Underground waters of Missouri, their geology and utilization, by Edward Shepard. 1907.

224 pp., 6 pis. 

WS 199. Underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys, Utah, by G. B. Richardson. 1907.

63 pp., 6 pis. 

WS 215. Geology and -water resources of a portion of the Missouri River Valley in northeastern

Nebraska, by G. E. Condra. 1908. pp., 11 pis. . > WS 216. Geology and water resources of the Republican River Valley in Nebraska and adjacent areas,

by G. E. Condra. 1907. 71 pp., 13 pis. 

B 317. Preliminary report on the Santa Maria oil district, Santa Barbara County, Cal., by Ralph

Arnold and Robert Anderson. 1907. 69 pp.,2 pis. 

B 318. Geology of oil and gas fields in Steubenville, Burgettstown, and Claysville quadrangles, Ohio,

West Virginia, and Pennsylvania, by W. T. Griswold and M. J. Munn. 1907. 196 pp., 13 pis. 

B 319. Summary of controlling factors of artesian flows, by M. L. Fuller. 1908. pp., 7 pis. 

B 320. The Downtown district of Leadville, Colo., by S. F. Emmons and J. D. Irving. 1907. 75 pp.,

7 pis. 

B 321. Geology and oil resources of the Summerland district, Santa Barbara County, Cal., by Ralph

Arnold. 1907. 91 pp., 20'pis.
VIII SERIES LIST.

B 322. Geology and oil resources of the Santa Maria oil district, Santa Barbara County, Cal., by Ralph

Arnold and Robert Anderson. 1907. 161 pp., 26 pis. 

B 326. The Arkansas coal field, by A. J. Collier, with reports on the paleontology, by David White

and G. H. Girty. 1907. 158 pp., 6 pis.

Correspondence should be addressed to

THE DIRECTOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL' SURVEY, 

DECEMBER, 1907. WASHINGTON, D. C.

o